The eye can be examined with relative ease regarding both its function and its structure. A functional evaluation consists of the ability to relocate the orbit and the reaction of the student to light and accommodation.
The function of the eye might be evaluated in numerous methods. The client may be asked to identify illuminated letter or objects of varying sizes on exactly what is known as the Snellen chart.
Alternatively, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous methods. Stress within the eyeball is determined by a "tonometer." In specific illness, specifically in glaucoma, the tension in the eyeball is increased noticeably.
It must be well remembered that a patient with an eye issue may have other problems. Often other physical conditions are primary and impact the eye as a repercussion. The look of the eye can inform the doctor and the patient to difficulties in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other signs provide themselves.
One's reliance on sight is emphasized when one deals with a short-lived or possible long-term loss of this essential sense. Thus, when corrective steps are sought, certain kinds of vision correction such as contact lenses or eyeglasses are prescribed.
On the other hand, some people are troubled with that they have actually some framed lenses or contact lenses in front of their eyes.
For this reason, advanced surgeries were established to encourage decreased usage of contact lenses or glasses. One of which is the now popular LASIK eye surgical treatment.
Basically, LASIK eye surgery is the short term for "Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis." Like its concrete counterpart, LASIK eye surgical treatment is another kind of vision correction. The only distinction is that with this type of surgery, one's vision is remedied completely.
With LASIK eye surgery, the refractive mistakes in the visit our website cornea are permanently changed. This can be done using an "excimer laser."
The primary function of this surgical treatment is to develop a threadlike, rounded "flap" in the cornea utilizing a blade referred site to as "microkeratome." In a series of unfolding and laser processing, the cornea is lastly reformed, allowing much better the eye to direct more light into the retina.
Appeal vs. Disadvantages
In the middle of the growing popularity of LASIK eye surgical treatment, there are still disadvantages that individuals need to know. Most likely, the main reason that this type of eye surgery has become well accepted is since many of its cases had achieved success.
In spite of its success, there are still some drawbacks. Here is the list:
1. It is an operation used to the most sensitive part of the eye
Since LASIK eye surgery involves the operation of the retina, which is one of the most delicate parts of the eye, the majority of people state that the operation can be extremely dangerous.
To puts it simply, a basic error could nearly cause an person's lifetime loss of sight. It is important to consider lots of aspects prior to deciding whether LASIK eye surgical treatment is the ideal corrective step one has to undergo.
2. It is not a best treatment
LASIK eye surgery may remedy your vision however it does not always mean that it can discover here offer you a twenty-twenty. Even if analytical reports reveal that 70% of the clients might have 20/20 vision, this does not necessarily imply they have ideal vision.
Offered all these things, it can be deduced that, in spite of the popularity of the operation, LASIK might not constantly be the ideal eye surgical treatment the way most individuals see it
Alternatively, the assessment of the structural part of the eye might be made in numerous ways. It must be well kept in mind that a patient with an eye problem may have other issues. Often other physical conditions are main and impact the eye as a consequence. The look of the eye can inform the patient and the physician to troubles in some disruptions of other parts of the body even before other signs provide themselves.
Like its concrete counterpart, LASIK eye surgery is another type of vision correction.


Rigid Industries SR-Q PRO LED Light Bar
We recommend the Driving light pattern for Harley Applications.
Big Power in a Small Package - The Rigid Industries SR-Q LED Light is one of the most versatile lighting products on the market today. This compact LED light can be used for virtually any lighting application - from off-road to agriculture. The SR-Q utilizes the same technology as our D-Series, but in a wide configuration, instead of square. The size and shape of the SR-Q LED Light allows it to fit almost anywhere. Its cast aluminum housing and polycarbonate lens are sealed against the elements for years of trouble-free operation.
Specter Optics - Our patented Specter optics system features 50% more LED's than our Hybrid optics in the same footprint and is specifically designed to cover more area. By incorporating a reflector with no facets or orange peel, the Specter optics system produces an intense, smooth beam with minimal wasted light.
Driving Pattern - Our engineering team designed the Driving version of our Specter optics system to project light not only far, but also wide. This light utilizes a narrow, oval-shaped reflector that projects both spot and flood beam patterns. Rather than a conical beam, this technology creates an oblong beam that maintains a bright center hot spot, as well as incredible horizontal dispersion.
Quality Construction - Our circuitry is designed in-house to be more powerful, be more efficient, and generate less heat. Our durable aluminum housings feature custom, over-sized heat sinks which keep the temperature down and allow our LED's to run cooler and brighter. All Rigid Industries LED lights receive a high quality powder coat finish, a custom-molded rubber seal, and an unbreakable, scratch resistant lens. Rigid Industries LED lights are engineered to withstand whatever you, the road, or nature can throw at them.
Contact your local dealer / distributor for more information about this and other high quality LED lighting products and accessories from Rigid Industries LED Lighting.Kit Includes -Plug and Play Harness with Switch also Mounting Bracket with Hardware.
US Patent No 7,438,447
- Patented Specter Optics
- 50,000+ Hr LED Lifespan
- Instant On / Off - No Warm Up
- RoHS Compliant
- Over / Under Voltage Protection
- Cast Aluminum Housing
- Durable Polycarbonate Lens
- Integrated Thermal Management
- GORE® Pressure Equalizing Vent
- Designed, Engineered, &
Assembled in the USA
- Watts: 34.5
- Amp Draw: 2.50
- LED's: 6
- Raw Lumens: 3030
- Lux @ 10m: 206.1
- Beam Distance: 287.1 m
- Peak Beam Intensity: 20,612 cd


- A clear breakthrough in automotive window films. The Crystalline Series rejects more heat than many dark films without changing the appearance of your vehicle, making it the superior choice for comfort.
- Light tint rejects up to 60% of solar energy and up to 97% of heat-producing infrared rays for the ultimate in comfort.
- Designed to enhance your view by allowing visible light into your vehicle while keeping heat out, so you can see clearly and safely.
- Non-metallized window film lets you stay connected with mobile devices, GPS or satellite radio reception without interference.
- Blocks up to 99% of ultraviolet (UV) light to provide a total Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 1000 for you and your passengers.
- Sold and installed by 3M Authorized Dealer Installers, our films are durable, virtually maintenance-free and backed by a limited lifetime warranty.
The Crystalline Series features a proprietary, multilayer optical film nano technology that combines over 200 layers in a film that is thinner than a Post it® Note. Improving comfort, protecting vehicle interiors and blocking UV rays are hallmarks of 3M™ Automotive Window Films. 3M was issued the first sun control window film patent in 1966, and our innovative window film products have helped provide protection from the sun’s harmful rays for 50 years. NOTE: Auto tint laws vary by state or province. Please check your local laws or ask your dealer installer for films that meet your local tint laws.


Gentle Vision Shaping is a system that corrects your eyesight gradually over time. Before you opt for this correction program, however, it’s important to learn all there is to know about how it works.
Gentle Vision Shaping uses vision retainers to reshape the cornea and works to eliminate nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. There is no surgery necessary in this regimen.
What is Gentle Vision Shaping?
Gentle Vision Shaping is a vision correction program that works over time to correct patients’ vision. It’s easiest to think of it as the vision correction equivalent of braces.
Gentle Vision Shaping works by reshaping the cornea, or the outer part of your eye, while you sleep using a molding lens, or vision retainer.
You put the retainers on when you sleep at night, then remove them when you wake up.
Gentle Vision Shaping can correct both near and farsightedness, as well as astigmatism. Another name for this vision correction system is “ortho-k,” or orthokeratology.
How Does Gentle Vision Shaping Work?
Gentle Vision Shaping uses small retainers made of gas-permeable, hard plastic lenses.
Putting them on is easy and requires little effort on the wearer’s part. To insert the retainer lenses, follow the steps below:
- Apply a couple of drops of your insertion eye drops into the back of your lenses.
- Place the retainer lens on your index finger.
- Insert the retainer lens directly into the center of your eye in the face-down position.
Practitioners recommend that you insert the right retainer lens first to avoid confusion.
The entire program takes approximately two years to complete, through which you need just two sets of retainer lenses.
Who Developed Gentle Vision Shaping?
George Jessen developed the Gentle Vision Shaping system. Jessen began designing prototypes for the system in the 1960s using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
George Jessen grew up with a father who was blind, which initially sparked his interest in preserving eye health.
Jessen started with corrective lens designs, dubbed “Orthofocus,” a type of gentle vision shaping lenses that were thought to operate more on luck than actual science.
As time progressed, his company was able to show that his product worked, but they had no scientific proof to back it up.
Because of this, the FDA did not approve this procedure until 2002.
Are There Any Risks Associated with Gentle Vision Shaping?
Some risks are associated with the Gentle Vision Shaping system, but they are similar to those associated with wearing soft contact lenses.
One of the most prominent risks of Gentle Vision Shaping is an increased chance of hypoxia. When the cornea experiences hypoxia, it may show signs of swelling and clouding. Hypoxia causes fluid to build up in the cornea, causing foggy or cloudy vision.
However, the risk of experiencing hypoxia with Gentle Vision Shaping is low because the small retainers are used for shorter durations of time than other corrective lenses.
Another risk associated with Gentle Vision Shaping is a higher risk of eye infection, mainly bacterial keratitis. This can result in vision loss or blindness if not treated properly.
Who is a Candidate for Gentle Vision Shaping?
There’s actually a surprisingly large number of candidates who qualify for Gentle Vision Shaping.
The procedure is FDA approved for all ages, but may be particularly interesting to those who meet any of the following conditions:
- Nearsighted patients
- Patients who are opposed to surgery
- Those with a low or moderate astigmatism
- Children who have experienced a drastic change in nearsightedness
- Children with a family history of high or progressive nearsightedness
There are many qualifying factors for Gentle Vision Shaping, many of which pertain specifically to children.
How Much Does Gentle Vision Shaping Cost?
Depending on how severe your vision issues are, the cost of Gentle Vision Shaping can range from $2100 to $3000. This estimate includes molds and retainers.
Insurance does not cover Gentle Vision Shaping, but it does qualify for a Flexible Spending Account (FSA).
Depending on the doctor you visit, you may also be able to use Care Credit to finance the cost.
Gentle Vision Shaping is an affordable permanent vision correction option, less than half the cost of LASIK and other vision correction surgeries.
Why Choose Gentle Vision Shaping Over Corrective Lenses?
Gentle Vision Shaping offers several advantages over traditional eyeglasses and contact lenses.
The Gentle Vision Shaping system was mainly invented to free patients from wearing corrective lenses throughout the day.
Gentle Vision Shaping is especially great for patients who work in dusty or dirty areas that could irritate their corrective lenses, as well as those who experience dry eyes.
Another great advantage of using Gentle Vision Shaping is that it has been proven to significantly slow the progression of nearsightedness.
This corrective method is a great option for young children experiencing nearsightedness, eliminating the worry of losing or damaging corrective lenses.


In today’s fast-paced industrial landscape, precision and versatility are paramount. Sunine, a trusted name in laser technology, has introduced the V610C, V620C, and V630C CO2 laser coding machines, setting new standards in marking and engraving across a wide range of materials, from wood and paper to cardboard, glass, rubber, and PET. These machines harness the power of the carbon-dioxide laser, a technology known for its efficiency, superior output quality, and stability. In this article, we delve into the remarkable features of Sunine’s CO2 laser marking machines and explore how they cater to various industry needs.
The CO2 Laser: Unveiling the Powerhouse
The heart of Sunine’s CO2 laser marking machines lies in the carbon-dioxide laser technology. These gas lasers are renowned for being the highest-powered continuous-wave lasers available today. They boast remarkable efficiency, with an output power-to-pump power ratio reaching as high as 20%. What truly sets them apart is their ability to emit an infrared beam of light, with primary wavelength bands centered at 9.3 μm, 10.2 μm, and 10.6 μm.
Compared to other laser technologies, such as those with liquid or solid-state mediums, CO2 lasers offer better beam output quality and frequency stability. This results in more precise and reliable marking and engraving, making them the preferred choice in various industries.
Sunine’s V610C, V620C, and V630C CO2 laser coding machines represent the epitome of laser technology. Their use of CO2 lasers, coupled with precise wavelength selection, allows for unparalleled performance across a multitude of materials. Sunine has truly raised the bar in the industry by providing high-quality, reliable, and versatile laser marking solutions. Whether you’re in the packaging, glass, or beverage industry, Sunine’s CO2 laser marking machines are sure to meet and exceed your expectations, making your marking and engraving tasks a breeze.


Organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs) based on singlet fluorescence have merited intensive study as an important class of light sources. Although the use of triplet phosphors has led to 100% internal quantum efficiency in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), stumbling blocks in triplet lasing include generally forbidden intersystem crossing (ISC) and low quantum yield of phosphorescence (ΦP). Here, we reported the first triplet-phosphorescence OSSL from nanowire microcavity of a sulfide-substituted difluoroboron compound. As compared with the un-substituted parent compound, the lone pair of electrons of sulfur substitution plus the intramolecular charge transfer interaction introduced by the nitro moiety lead to an highly efficient T1 (π,π*)←S1 (n,π*) ISC (ΦISC = 100%) and a moderate ΦP (10%). This, plus the optical feedback provided by nanowire Fabry-Perot microcavity, enables triplet-phosphorescence OSSL emission at 650 nm under pulsed excitation. Our results open the door for a whole new class of laser materials based on previously untapped triplet phosphors.


After studying the material of this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Identify the major components of a simple camera and explain how these components combine to produce a clear image.
2. Identify the major components of the human eye and explain how an image is formed on the retina of the eye.
3. Explain the causes of myopia and hyperopia, describe how these conditions may be corrected, and solve word problems related to corrective lenses for these conditions.
4. Explain how a magnifying glass can be used to produce an enlarged image and solve word problems involving the magnifying glass.
5. Explain how two convex lenses can be arranged in order to form an astronomical telescope and solve word problems related to this type of telescope.
6. Explain the operation of the Newtonian focus telescope, Cassegrainian focus telescope, and Galilean type telescope.
7. Explain how two convex lenses can be arranged in order to form a compound microscope and solve word problems related to this type of microscope.
8. Distinguish between spherical aberration and chromatic aberration and explain how each type of aberration can be corrected.
9. Describe the factors which affect resolution of an image and limit the effective magnification of a telescope or microscope.
10. Explain how the phenomena of x ray diffraction can be used either to determine the distance between the atoms of a crystal or the wavelength of the incident x rays. Use the Bragg equation to solve word problems involving x ray diffraction.


Focus Medical – VISUMAX
The new generation
of Vision Correction
The most recent breakthrough in laser eye surgery, the FEMTO technology, developed by Intralase Corp., is only used by Focus Medical in Hungary. This correction procedure requires state of the art laser technology in which we have invested heavily, used only by our institution in Central-Eastern Europe.
Vision correction laser eye surgery has a 15-year history.
Based on the tens of millions of interventions performed worldwide, and the 22,000 operations performed at our clinic, the laser vision correction technology we employ can be declared 100% safe.
We know that the vision correction is permanent, and the results achieved by the laser lasts a lifetime.
So far, no procedure has been able to couple maximum safety with complete painlessness and immediate results.
The so-called PRK surgery was completely safe, but the first few days after the intervention were quite uncomfortable, sometimes even painful, and achieving a fully corrected vision took weeks.
The so-called LASIK surgery achieved quick and painless results, but the intervention fell short of maximal safety, because sometimes some complications arose.
Therefore patients were forced to choose between discomfort and safety risks.
After million of FEMTO surgeries, FEMTO has been found to completely unite the advantages of PRK and LASIK surgeries, without their disadvantages.
We are not forced to make a compromise, because FEMTO surgeries offer maximum safety, total painlessness and immediate vision correction at the same time.
FEMTO is an outstandingly precise technology, which enables us to calmly and safely decide for laser vision correction.
FEMTO surgeries characterized by the three most important advantages (safe, painless, quick) are only performed by Focus Medical with our so-called femtosecond laser equipment.


The Hyperion MRI Digital Projection System features a native resolution of 1920 x 1080 (1080p) and synchronized image frame rate with continuous monitoring for optimum presentation and timing of fMRI experiments. The system uses Digital Light Processing® (DLP) technology that provides microsecond pixel rise times, outstanding contrast with all-digital fiber optic control that allows you to project crystal clear, sharp images. The Hyperion MRI Digital Projection System has been validated for use in 1.5T, 3T, and 7T MRI environments.
The Hyperion MRI Digital Projection System includes:
* High resolution (1920 x 1080) DLP Projector with RF filtered enclosure, custom lens assembly, digital video (DVI) over fiber, high flow fans, internal thermal sensor
* Control Room Console to perform DVI to Fiber conversion, remotely power down the projector, and show the device status
* 30 meter fiber optic cable that runs between the projector and projector control station (longer lengths available with additional charge)
* Heavy duty, magnet compatible, projector stand (assembly required)
* High resolution, lenticular pitch rear projection screen and magnet compatible stand for high quality image reproduction (6 point text is readable)
Please contact PST to request a quote.


Our team of specialists has the necessary experience in the installation, configuration, and maintenance of fiber optic networks. Thanks to our services, we ensure fast and effective implementation and maintenance of fiber optic infrastructure, guaranteeing the reliability and performance of your network.
Fiber optics constitute an integral part of the telecommunications infrastructure, enabling fast data transmission over significant distances. The process of planning, preparation, laying, and installation requires particular precision and care. In this article, we will present a comprehensive guide to this process, which will help better understand the stages and requirements associated with fiber optic installation.
The first step in the fiber optic installation process is a thorough analysis of the project's requirements. This includes considering bandwidth needs, distances, types of data transmitted through the fiber optics, as well as any budgetary and technical constraints.
The next stage is designing the route along which the fiber optics will run. This involves considering the terrain's topography, existing infrastructure, natural and artificial obstacles, and other factors that may influence the route selection.
Preparation of Technical Documentation:
Based on the designed route, appropriate technical documentation must be prepared, including fiber optic route maps, installation plans, connection diagrams, and technical specifications of devices and materials.
Before commencing fiber optic laying, it's necessary to prepare the site, including clearing the route of obstacles, marking measurement points, and potentially carrying out earthworks.
Fiber Optic Laying:
Once the site is prepared, fiber optic laying can begin. This process involves laying cables along the designed route, securing them against damage, and connecting them to end devices.
Installation of Connectors and Accessories:
After laying the cables, connectors and accessories such as distribution boxes, telecommunication cabinets, and cable protection and management systems are installed.
Testing and Commissioning:
Upon completion of installation, tests are conducted to verify connection correctness, signal quality, and system operation. Upon successful tests, the system can be commissioned for use.
Documentation and Handover:
Finally, technical documentation must be prepared and handed over to the client or system owner.
Maintenance and Upkeep:
After system commissioning, regular maintenance and upkeep are necessary, including cleaning, technical status checks, and any necessary repairs.
Planning, preparation, laying, and installation of fiber optics are complex processes that require precision, care, and technological knowledge. Fiber optics are a crucial element of the telecommunications infrastructure, so it's important for their installation to adhere to the highest standards of quality and safety.
Sample Fiber Optic Installation Quotation:
Requirements Analysis and Route Design: Analysis of client requirements, designing an optimal fiber optic installation route along with the preparation of technical documentation, cost from 500 PLN
Purchase of Materials and Equipment: Purchase of fiber optics, connectors, cable covers, distribution boxes, cost from 1000 PLN
Site Preparation: Site preparation including clearing, marking measurement points, and potential earthworks, cost from 1500 PLN
Fiber Optic Laying: Laying fiber optics along the designed route, securing cables, and connecting them to end devices, cost from 3000 PLN
Installation of Connectors and Accessories: Installation of connectors, distribution boxes, telecommunication cabinets, and cable protection and management systems, cost from 1000 PLN
Maintenance and Upkeep: Regular maintenance and upkeep of the system including cleaning, technical status checks, and any necessary repairs, cost calculated based on a service contract, for example, from 200 PLN per month.
Our services are available in: Szczecin, Koszalin, Stargard, Kołobrzeg, Świnoujście, Goleniów, and throughout the West Pomeranian Voivodeship/zachodniopomorskie.
+48 91 819 99 19
©2022 by SignalCheck.


From the manufacturer
Classic and Intuitive Controls
The analog inspired controls of the X100 Series are one of its most defining characteristics. The use of dials for exposure compensation and shutter speed provide a purely tactile experience and contribute considerably to making the image making process an immersive and enjoyable experience.
X-Trans CMOS 4 sensor and X-Processor 4 combination
At the heart of X100V is the state-of-the-art X-Trans CMOS 4 sensor and X-Processor 4 combination. This exceptional 26.1MP sensor uses a back-illuminated design to maximize quality and dynamic range, while its unique color filter array controls moiré and false color without the need for an optical low pass filter. Such outstanding imaging capability is complemented by the quad-core X-Processor 4. This powerful CPU not only ensures images are quickly and smoothly processed, but thanks to a new algorithm, boosts AF performance with precision face and eye detection right down to -5EV.
Film Simulation Options
- Provia (Standard)
- Velvia / Vivid
- Astia / Soft
- Classic Chrome
- Pro Neg. Hi, Pro Neg/ Std, Classic Neg
- Eterna / Cinema
- Acros: Std, Ye, R, G
- Monochrome: Std,Ye, R, G & Sepia
A Legacy in Color Science
Fujifilm’s heritage in color science has given it legendary status among image-makers across the world. During its 85 years in the industry, Fujifilm has been responsible for some of the most iconic photographic films in history and this knowledge has been poured into its collection of 17 digital Film Simulations. This cutting-edge technology allows photographers to achieve stunning results.
See the world differently
X100V has a vastly improved hybrid viewfinder which enables image-makers to quickly and easily choose between the 0.52x magnification optical viewfinder (OVF) or the 3.69M dot OLED electronic viewfinder. Offering 95% frame coverage, the OVF provides parallax-correcting frame lines to give an uninterrupted view of the world as it is, while the camera’s EVF delivers a real-time representation of the image as it is being made.
The EVF uses an extremely bright 1500cd/㎡ high-luminance panel, so images can be made easily even in bright conditions. Highlight and shadow details are more visible thanks to the EVFs higher resolution display, ensuring that images are made exactly as they are seen.
The Electronic Range Finder (ERF) Function, blends the OVF and EVF are together to provide a unique experience. You can see an electronic preview of the scene in the bottom right corner, while still framing the image using the OVF.
A blending of form and function
The two-way tilting LCD touchscreen hides in the back of the camera and adds another first for the X100 series as it provides intuitive touch controls, unlocking even more possibilities for image-makers to see, frame, and create.
High-resolution video recording
X100V offers the ability to record 4K video up to 30 frames per second or capture 120 frames per second at 1080p to create super slow motion effects. Filmmakers needing extreme color fidelity can record 10-bit, 4:2:2 color externally via the HDMI port and leverage Fujifilm’s advanced color reproduction technology, to apply Film Simulations, like Eterna, to their video footage. Additionally, image makers can also incorporate numerous shooting functions, such as “Monochromatic Color” to extend their creative visions directly to the footage being recorded.


Our lab is equipped with state-of-the-art instruments largely financed by the additional equipment funding from our ERC Starting Grant. If you are interested in performing measurements with one of them, please contact Prof. Sotiriou.
Flame spray pyrolysis reactor
Flame spray pyrolysis represents the most versatile tool in flame nanomanufacture offering the possibility to produce single- and multi-component nanoparticles and nanoparticle films on substrates at high production rates (g/h) with remarkable reproducibility. Our setup is equipped with two nozzles for double-nozzle synthesis, as well as with an enclosed coating reactor for core/shell nanoparticles.
Rigaku MiniFlex is a compact desktop powder X-ray diffractometer for qualitative and quantitative analysis of crystal size as well as phase composition.
N2 adsorption for surface area and porosity analysis
Micromeritics Tristar II Plus 3030 and FlowPrep. The Tristar II Plus is an automated, three-station, surface area and porosity analyzer that delivers excellent performance and speed of analysis.
Perkin Elmer LS55 fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with plate reader accessory for fluorescence, phosphorescence and bio- and chemi-luminescence measurement modes.
Ultraviolet and visible (UV/vis) spectrophotometer
Analytik Jena Specord 210 Plus with range 190-1100 nm, variable bandwidth, scanning, dual beam, for general applications, single cell holder, and also equipped with an integrating sphere.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Thermo Scientific Phenom Pharos is a desktop SEM with a FEG source that makes crisp, high-brightness images with resolution <4 nm and magnification up to 1,000,000X. The systems is equipped with an EDX sensor for elemental analysis.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
The Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrometer is a compact and versatile instrument providing superior quantitative and qualitative information for routine analysis of solids, liquids, and gases. It is equipped with the transmission, attenuated total reflection (ATR), and diffuse reflectance modules.
Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS-zeta potential)
The Zetasizer Ultra is the world’s most capable combined DLS and ELS system, incorporating Non-Invasive Back Scatter (NIBS®) and, uniquely, Multi-Angle Dynamic Light Scattering (MADLS) technology for the measurement of particle and molecular size. The system is equipped with a titrator.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
The 1260 Infinity II LC System is a robust HPLC that offers the widest choice of modules for analytical HPLC and entry-level UHPLC.
Electrochemical ion selective electrode setup
The Mettled-Toledo SevenCompact™ pH-meter and ion meter series offers versatility, ease-of-use and durability. Our setup is equipped with Ag and Ca ion selective electrodes.
This manual laboratory press is ideal as an FTIR press, KBr press for up to 25 ton load.
Carbolite chamber furnace and sintering oven CWF 5L with chamber volume 5 L and temperature up to 1300 °C.
Glass Oven B-585 Kugelrohr
This glass oven equipment is suitable for distillation, sublimation, freeze-drying or drying of small samples. The whole length of the oven tube heats up to a maximum of 300 °C. The oven is equipped with a graphic display capable of a manual and programmable modes. It features programmable 3 step temperature / time control setting options.
Near infrared lasers (emission wavelengths 785, 808 and 980 nm) coupled with optical fibers and with tunable power output equipped with collimator (diameter 5 mm) and diffusers (square and circular shapes).
Two spectrometers from Ocean Optics, one with range 350 nm to 1000 nm with a linear silicon CCD array detector (FLAME-S-VIS-NIR), and one with range 950 nm to 1650 nm with an InGaAs linear image sensor (FLAME-NIR). coupled with an optical fiber input.
Xenon light source
A Xenon Light Source 300W Monochromatic Light from Asahi Spectra with Filters, with features as: high power monochromatic light, IR heat blocking, Built-in filter wheel, No need of optical axis alignment, Touch panel operation, RS-485 remote control.
The Testo 871 thermal imager combines high infrared resolution with professional measuring performance and easy handling with IR resolution of 240 x 180 pixels, via integrated testo SuperResolution Technology 480 x 360 pixel, and a broad temperature range from -30°C to +650 °C.
The Laurell Technologies WS-650Mz spin coater will accommodate up to ø150 mm wafers and 5″ × 5″ (127mm × 127mm) substrates, and features a maximum rotational speed of 12,000 RPM.
Wanhao Duplicator 4S is an FDM printer with a build volume of 22.5 x 14.5 x 15 cm. It has a dual extruder that can print two build materials such as ABS, PLA and other filaments or it can use dissolvable support material such as PLA to print. The Wanhao can reach 100-500 microns layer height.
The Anycubic Photon DLP is a 3D printer equipped with an easy to use 2.8 inch color touch screen. It works with resin. DLP stands for Digital Light Processing. During this process an UV light source is used to harden liquid resin (polymerize). Resolution 47µm. 3D print size of 115 x 65 x 155 mm.
The Moai 130 SLA printer is a compact SLA printer that brings high-resolution printing to the desktop. This printer offers the high-quality prints and is all about flexibility and performance. Build Volume: 13 x 13 x 18 cm and 70-micron laser spot.
Raman spectrometer probe
Raman spectrometer (QE Pro-Raman-532, Ocean Insight) collects Raman scattered light from 532 nm excitation. This spectrometer has the Raman shift from 150 cm-1to 4000 cm-1, the optical resolution of 0.42 nm FWHM, the integration time from 8 ms to 3600 s, and a 1044×64 element CCD detector. Equipped with a Raman probe and sample holder.
Bacterial and cell culture labs
We have state-of-the-art lab space for culturing in-vitro bacteria as well as mammalian cells, equipped with all relevant instruments (autoclave, incubators, centrifuges, microplane readers, etc).


Trinocular Stereo Zoom Microscope
With Trinocular Head Multipurpose Zoom Microscope with rigid base, revolving head inclined at 45°.
Objectives : Highly corrected continuous Zoom 1x to 5x.
Eyepieces : 10x Extra Super Wide Field (Paired)
Magnification : Ranging from 5x to 200x (corresponding to Eye pieces & auxilliary
IPD : Adjustable from 52 to 75 mm.
Working distance : 88 mm.
Adopters : Adjustable from +6 to 6 on both sides.
Focusing : 150 mm Coarse and 50mm Fine Focusing .
Illumination : Incident & Transmitted light are 12V- 20Wt. each. Both can be used
individually or simultaneously .
Packing : In attractive Plywood Box with standard Accessories.


Optical connectivity is the only guaranteed and reliable transport technology to overcome challenges in the last mile. Technologies such as ADSL and VDSL continue to be plagued by technological challenges such as cross talk and social-economic challenges such as cable theft.
OSS Technologies is facilitating the next level of last mile telecommunications services through the promotion of open access and optical exchanges.
OSS Technologies brings telecommunications expertise to the built environment to address the need for open access last mile fibre services.
Telecommunications transmission and access networks architecture is a core field of expertise emanating from our telecommunications background.
OSS Technologies helps architects, design-build firms, building owners and contractors plan, deploy and operate optical fibre infrastructure for support of open access fibre for buildings, estates and commercial zones.
- Fibre network design
- Business cases
- Service Provider Relationship management
- Maintenance relationship management
- Legislation and compliance management
- Tenant requirements management
OSS Technologies has developed a methodology for the design, implementation and operation of optical fibre networks that includes:
- Optical and Telecommunications Network design that includes type approval from Internet Service and Network Providers.
- Fibre cabling design that considers the requirements of architects and property developers.
- Open Access schemes that guarantees community members the ability to choose from multiple service providers at current (non-inflated) service costs
- Optical exchange schemes that define relationships between owners, suppliers and maintenance teams.
- Compliance to South African Telecommunications regulations
Deregulation of telecommunications in South Africa have allowed for the introduction of dark fibre and similar ventures. OSS Technologies is uniquely positioned to address the need for fibre in the last mile and allow developers and tenants alike to benefit from optical fibre as an enabling technology.


FLIR introduces the TG165-X MSX Thermal Camera for electrical contractors, machine technicians, facilities maintenance engineers, home inspectors and HVAC professionals. Engineered for tough work environments, this upgrade to the popular TG165 provides an all-in-one diagnostics tool with a spot temperature gun and thermal imager, enhanced by FLIR’s patented Multi-spectral Dynamic Imaging.
Built around a true thermal 80X60 camera sensor with 4,800 pixels, FLIR MSX’s two-camera technology makes images easier to understand by adding visual details to full thermal images and making them sharper to recognize physical features. A new laser-projected bullseye target aids in pinpointing areas of concern, while the bright 2.4-inch LCD color display and wide 51 degrees X 66 degrees field-of-view provide a comprehensive view of the area of interest.
The TG165-X includes an IP54 enclosure for protection against dust and water and a drop-rating of two meters (6.6 feet), making it ideal for both indoor and outdoor inspections. The camera can store up to 50,000 images and data to an embedded four-gigabyte flash memory which can be downloaded to FLIR Tools to create professional reports.
For more information, visit www.flir.com/tg165-x.


The RIDI Group has announced that it has signed an exclusive deal with Brightgreen to distribute the Australian LED specialist’s lighting solutions in the UK.
Brightgreen utilises the latest LED technology combined with forward-thinking product design to create beautiful, high quality lighting solutions for high end residential and hospitality applications. Brightgreen is a young, energetic company that is B-Corp Certified and has a refreshing approach to working.
“We are delighted with the opportunity to work alongside such an innovative and exciting company as Brightgreen,” says Mike Attard, UK MD of the RIDI Group. “Brightgreen’s focus on quality of light and an exceptionally high standard of engineering aligns perfectly with the RIDI Group’s vision. We believe that the addition of Brightgreen’s range of fresh, modern light fittings will really complement the RIDI Group’s existing product portfolio.”
Brightgreen offers a comprehensive range of LED lighting, from spotlights and downlights to track lighting systems, suitable for residential, hospitality, retail and gallery applications. Brightgreen’s focus is on providing high quality fittings that are efficient, easy to install and deliver exceptional light quality. Integrated within Brightgreen’s premium lighting solutions is its Tru-Colour LED technology, which provides phenomenal colour rendering and an evenly balanced colour spectrum to enhance the visual appearance of colour and interiors. Brightgreen’s Digital Driver ensures smooth, flicker-free dimming capabilities and comprehensive surge protection that can extend the lifespan of the LED for up to 10 years. The Digital Driver also ensures integration with leading smart home control providers, including Control4 and Crestron.
The RIDI Group will be the exclusive UK distributor for Brightgreen, following on from the announcement of an exclusive distribution partnership with German industrial LED specialist Norka, to further expand its product portfolio and strengthen its multi-brand offering to the market.


This light-field-based approach to near-eye display allows for dramatically thinner and lighter head-mounted displays capable of depicting accurate accommodation, convergence, and binocular-disparity depth cues. The near-eye light-field displays depict sharp images from out-of-focus display elements by synthesizing light fields that correspond to virtual scenes located within the viewer's natural accommodation range. While sharing similarities with existing integral imaging displays and microlens-based light-field cameras, the displays optimize performance in the context of near-eye viewing. Near-eye light-field displays support continuous accommodation of the eye throughout a finite depth of field; as a result, binocular configurations provide a means to address the accommodation-convergence conflict that occurs with existing stereoscopic displays. This demonstration features a binocular prototype and a GPU-accelerated stereoscopic light field renderer.


Prof. Miriam Serena Vitiello obtained her PhD in physics at University of Bari in 2006. From 2006 to December 2009 she was a Post-Doctoral Research assistant at the University of Bari. Since July 2010, she is group leader at the National Enterprise of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and at the Nanoscience Institute of the National Research Council (CNR). Since 2015 she is Adjunct Professor of Condensed Matter Physics at the Scuola Normale Superiore.
Since 2017 she is Director of Research at CNR.
The THz photonics and optoelectronics group of Prof. Vitiello focuses on the design, development and applications of THz quantum cascade lasers; the development of THz nanostructured detectors based on semiconductor nanowires, 2D materials and vdW heterosctructures; far-infrared metrology; graphene-based photonics; near-field THz miscroscopy.
Prof. Vitiello is member of the Scientific council of the National Institute of Metrology, of the CNR Department of Physics and technology of the Matter, of the CEITEC center (Czech Republic) and Fellow at the University of Regensbug (Germany).
Prof. Vitiello has received the starting grant FIRB “Future in Research” from the Italian ministry of education and research, the ERC Consolidator Grant from the European Research Council, three EU-FET open projects, an EU ITN project, the Balzan research projects, three national research grants, and she coordinates the THz working group in the graphene flagship.
For her research activity she was awarded with the Friedel-Volterra Medal from the Italian and French Physical Societies (2021), the Gold Medal from the Pontificia Academy of Science (2018), the Sapio Research and Innovation award (2018), the International research award Guido Dorso (2016), the SPIE early career award (2015) optoelectronic and photonics prize “Sergio Panizza” of the Italian Physical Society (2012), an International Scientific Author Award (USA, 2005) and 2 National Young Author Awards (2004; 2005).
She is member of the programme committee of more than 30 key international conferences in the field of photonic devices. She is co-author of more than 200-refereed papers on international journals, holds 1 patent and delivered more than 100 invited talks (including plenary talks) at international conferences.


Ceramic infrared heaters are made up of resistive thermal conductors that are fully embedded in appropriate ceramic materials. Because it is fully embedded in ceramics, the energy generated by a thermal conductor can be passed on to the material around it, which not only prevents the thermal conductor from overheating, but also extends its service life. The material used to embed the thermal conductor must be insulated and have good absorbability and radioactivity within the set range of infrared radiation.
To meet this requirement, ceramic materials infrared heaters can be made into different geometries. Ceramic infrared heater is the main body of ceramics, using a part of the surface as a radiation surface and integrated heating coil.
For ceramic infrared heaters, a thermocouple can also be fixed to the adjacent position of the thermal conductor. Ceramic infrared heaters were invented by Elstein-werk. The basic model of conical ceramic Infrared heater was patented on March 24, 1949. At the same time, the ceramic infrared plate heater has been successfully developed, and a large area of infrared heating surface has been realized. On the March 8, 1950, Elstein-werk obtained a patent for ceramic infrared plate-shaped heaters. Ceramic infrared heaters are widely known as "El Launchers" and are now used as generic names for ceramic infrared heaters.


Hikvision DS-2TP21B-6AVF/W Handheld Thermography Camera. The Hikvision DS-2TP21B-6AVF/W handheld thermal camera is specially designed for body temperature measurement. It’s equipped with a 160×120 resolution thermal detector. It is capable of discovering and tracking people with elevated body temperatures in crowded public areas and can be widely used in places such as customs, airport, schools, and hospitals for inspection and quarantine. Key Features: 160 × 120 Resolution (Thermal), and 8 MP Resolution (Optical); Thermographic Accuracy up to ±0.9° F (±0.5° C); Display Fusion of Thermal View and Optical View: 640 × 480 Resolution 3.5” LCD Touch Display: Supports Live View on PC, Mobile Device, or External Monitor; Supports Audio Intercom; Supports Colour Highlight Alarm and Audio Alarm; IP54
Hikvision Handheld Thermography Camera.
- Product Code: DS-2TP21B-6AVF/W
- Availability: In Stock
- Ex Tax: R91,495.00


We are the premier applicator of optically clear coatings onto thermoplastics such as Polycarbonate, Acrylic (PMMA), PPSU and Polyurethane. With a large range of optical coatings and various application techniques, we are at the forefront of applying coatings to flat and profiled industrial plastic components. The use of transparent plastics to manufacture high quality components in the areas of optics technology, automotive and the railway industry has been steadily growing over recent years.
Scratch resistant coatings from Optical Coating Technologies significantly upgrade plastic parts and this way enlarge the range of their application in various industries. Our own specially designed products as well as conventional coating systems are applied. These coatings are often called nano coatings as they are only a few microns in thickness. They are permanently bonded and are typically applied by spray, dip and flow (or float) coating. The application procedures depend on the requirements of the base material and can be adjusted accordingly. A dust free production environment is indispensable. Our high quality optical coatings are ensured by working under clean room conditions.
Optical Coating Technologies also applies metal coatings such as gold, silver, copper and aluminium on to plastics using vacuum deposition. These coatings are used, for example, on eye safety wear, medical components, mirrors, semi-conductor wafers, automotive decorative trim and for special effects (for TV, theatre and architect's models).


Eye Surgery has ended up being a mainstream technique of vision adjustment, and this article will certainly describe the advantages and negative aspects of 3 various techniques being offered to the clinical customer.
Lasik Eye Surgical treatment
LASIK is the acronym for Laser-Assisted Sitting Keratomileusis as well as is an eye surgical system which completely corrects vision by eliminating a thin layer of the cornea. This treatment functions best on people with modest to high degrees of nearsightedness (nearsightedness), reduced to moderate levels of hyperopia (farsightedness) as well as astigmatism connected with myopia, and also that have thick corneas. It is the most well-known medical vision modification technique.
People with normal eye view see objects plainly since images are brought right into a right centerpiece by the cornea and lens of the eye. Preferably, the cornea's curvature is evenly matched to its size in a typical eye. Individuals with astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia have actually off-and-on shaped corneas, so the things seen are not focused properly. LASIK adjustments corneal shape by accurate removal of corneal cells, and by doing so deals with the eyes' concentrating power.
There are, nonetheless, dangers to LASIK eye surgical treatment.
There is a remote chance of full loss of vision. If this occurs, it is usually due to the fact that the individual had a pre-existing condition which should have averted the surgical treatment to begin with, such as pregnancy, cataracts, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, or lupus. People with large students are additionally bad candidates for LASIK. Dry eye syndrome will certainly be intensified by this treatment.
A couple of patients complain that they permanently see "ghost" pictures, have actually obscured vision, decreased comparison and poor evening vision. When LASIK wased initially introduced, 5% of people had post-operative problems; nonetheless, refinements in the treatment have created this rate to go down to much less compared to 1% if LASIK is done by knowledgeable experts as well as clients are correctly screened prior to surgical treatment. If troubles do take place, they could frequently be resoved by a retreatment.
FDA has actually accepted LASIK laser eye surgical treatment because 1998. While there are a great deal of pleased people, there are nonetheless no long-term research studies concerning its effects. Understand the constraints and the risks of LASIK eye surgical treatment prior to you sigh for the treatment.
Though much less well known, these little implants could enhance vision in people with moderate to modest myopia without the risk of irreversible eye damages inherent in the tissue elimination strategy of LASIK. Intacs are semi-circular disks dental implanted in the cornea which extend it to think a flatter form. Though somewhat much less specific compared to LASIK, they are removeable and also exchangeable, so if the person has an unanticipated over- or under-correction, the dental implant could be gotten rid of as well as one more of a different size inserted to obtain the desired adjustment. The implants are located at the edge of the cornea, so the central visual area is totally intact as well as undamaged, and the strength of the cornea is undiminished, making it a better alternative for pilots and also those that take part in call sporting activities where eye injury is a possibility.
Intacs disagree for severe nearsightedness as well as greater than minor astigmatism (1.00 diopters), as the cornea could only be stretched up until now. If the Intacs are removed, vision go back to its preoperative degree. Besides vision adjustment, Intacs are likewise used to treat keratoconus.
Intacs are FDA approved as well as One Decade research try this studies have disclosed no major troubles with Intacs as well as very few person problems; however, due to the fact that the procedure takes more training compared to LASIK, there are fewer eye surgery centers offering it. Nonetheless, the Intacs site offers a listing of specialists in each state, too a few in Canada, Europe and also description Mexico.
Since many people do not wish to risk LASIK as well as Intacs can not assist those with extreme vision issues, intraocular lens implants (IOL) are a new choice approved by the FDA in 2004 to remedy modest to extreme nearsightedness. The Artisan lens, produced by Ophtec, is similar to the kind of lens implant used to recover vision complying with cataract eye surgical procedure.
The new IOL, called the Craftsmen, is intended for only people who have 2.5 diopters or much less of astigmatism.
The man-made lens does not replace the all-natural lens, but is placed in front of it. The major problem discovered with the dental implant was the steady loss of endothelial cells in the corneas of individuals that received the implants. The endothelium is a layer of cells that line the undersurface of the cornea as well as are essential in maintaining the cornea clear. A three-year research showed a regular steady loss of endothelial cells of 1.8 percent a year. At this moment, no person could predict whether this loss will continue at the very same rate indefinitely, and even its influence on corneal function.
To reduce lasting effects of the device on the corneal endothelium, the FDA is needing that the brand-new lenses be labelled to define that they should just be implanted in individuals whose corneal endothelial cells are thick enough to withstand small cell loss.
A lot more major complications were couple of: retinal detachment (0.6%), cataract growth (0.6%), and corneal swelling (0.4%). The FDA is needing Ophtec to conduct a five-year follow-up survey of its dental implant people to much better assess the post-surgical incidence of cataract development, retinal detachment and other sensory illness.
The Craftsmen lens is meant to be an irreversible implant.Though it could be gotten rid of operatively, vision might not always return to what it was before obtaining the lens. Since it does not impact astigmatism, clients with this problem could still call for glasses.


Cambridge, Mass— Lantos Technologies Inc, a company developing 3D scanning technology for hearing health applications, has received $4.1 million in private funding, according to an SEC filing.
Under the leadership of Professor Douglas Hart of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Mechanical Engineering Department, Lantos has been working to commercialize a 3D digital scanner capable of measuring ear canal shape and tissue compliance.
If successfully developed, the technology has the potential to eliminate uncertainties associated with manual ear canal fittings and improve the performance of custom-made hearing products, such as hearing aids, audio ear buds, and hearing conservation products.
In September 2010, Lantos received $1.6 million in funding.
SOURCE: Lantos Technologies


Electro-Optics Technology is one of several highly specialized and respected technical manufacturers in the Grand Traverse Region. The company, founded in 1987, supplies enabling components and diagnostic equipment for worldwide manufacturers and users of high power laser systems. Among other items, its experienced team of engineers and technicians focuses on OEM and custom applications.
The company also develops several products for a variety of indutrial applications. Current products include Faraday rotators and isolators for use with laser diodes, fiber lasers, solid-state lasers, and QCLs. We also stock a complete line of photodetectors used to monitor the output of pulsed, mode-locked and externally modulated CW lasers, and fiber collimators for high power lasers.
For more information, visit www.eotech.com/


If you would like more information on the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math behind the Art, visit TheoryOfEverything.org.
Everything you wanted to know about E8 Laser Etched Optical Crystal
All objects are made from 3D StereoLithography (.STL) export files from the Mathematica coded graphics engine by the author.
How does the 3D Laser Engraving work?
The 3D laser engraving process uses a computer guided laser to precisely engrave 3D images within optically perfect laser crystal. Initial efforts produced 3D images engraved inside a solid piece of optically perfect laser crystal without damaging the crystal block surface.
What is the difference between a Lead Crystal and an Optic Crystal?
Lead Crystal historically also known as flint glass due to the original silica source, contains a minimum of 24% lead oxide for color, clarity, sparkle and brilliance. Crystal can consist of up to 35% lead, at which point it has the most sparkle. The higher lead content also makes it much more difficult to form crystal during manufacturing. More lead content, the heavier the piece. The lead also make the crystal softer and more conducive to cutting. Swarovski crystal contains approximately 32% lead to maximize refraction.
Optical Crystal is 100% Lead Free and extremely hard. Barium oxide is used principally in optical and crystal glass instead of lime or red lead. Glass, which contains barium, is lighter than lead crystal but gives comparable brilliance due to its high refractive index. Optical Crystal subjected to tremendous pressure to ensure no bubbles, flow lines or other distortions.
Crystal without lead is not any less valuable than full lead crystal particularly when it is thick and heavy and finely designed. In fact, clear uncut crystal has to be particularly fine quality because the flaws can not be hidden by the cuts.
How to Display the Crystal
The best way to display your treasure is to place it over a bright light against a dark-colored background, for the following reasons. An image is formed from an engraved image in a crystal when light rays are reflected by the engraved points, which by striking our eyes make the regions with many engraved points appear white, while the regions with few points would let the light rays pass through and thus appear dark. If a light-colored background is placed behind an engraved image, those light rays that passed through the crystal body would be reflected by the background and strike our eyes; we in fact see the light-colored background through the crystal regions where there are few engrave points. Obviously the contrast of the image would be reduced under the circumstance. By the same token, use of a relatively bright light increases the contrast by making the highly etched regions appear whiter.
Care for your crystal is simple. When there is dust or finger prints on it, just wipe it using a soft cloth with some warm water or a common detergent such as a window cleaner.


The sudden challenges created by the ongoing COVID-19 are captured effectively to exhibit the long term growth projections in the MRFR report on World Outdoor Lighting Market. The growth sectors of the World Outdoor Lighting Market are identified with precision for a better growth perspective.
According to Market Research Future, the global outdoor lighting market has been segmented based on lighting type, distribution channel, application, and region.
Outdoor lighting is a fixed artificial lighting that is used to brighten the outdoor areas. Outdoor lighting improves the visual performance to increase safety and security in outdoor areas. Demand for smart controls in street lighting systems and need for energy-efficient lighting systems for highways are expected to drive the outdoor lighting market during forecast period. However, the high installation cost of smart lighting is expected to restrain the market during forecast period.
Global outdoor lighting market has been segmented into lighting type, distribution channel, application, and region.
By lighting type, the outdoor lighting market has been segmented into LED lamps, HID lamps, plasma lamps, and fluorescent lights. The HID lamps segment is expected to dominate the outdoor lighting market during the forecast period as they offer durability, high lumen output per watt, and are small in size. However, the LED lamps segment is expected to grow at faster rate during forecast period. HID lighting replaces the filament of a light bulb with the capsule of gas. HID lights require a ballast, which carefully controls the voltage supplied to the capsule of the gas. LED lamps provide better illumination than any other type of light. The demand for smart control in street lighting systems is expected to drive the LED lamps market during forecast period. In plasma lighting technology, light comes from a small and single point source. This light output is completely bidirectional and puts more lumens on the ground when it is needed. In August 2018, the European government launched Humble Lamppost project with an aim to save USD 2.46 billion on electricity every year. In this project, 60 to 90 million 25-year-old streetlights have been replaced with more efficient LEDs. This lamppost consists of smart lighting system, application-based wireless control, E-vehicle charging, push-to-talk system, and photovoltaic cells for lamp and mobile phones.
On the basis of the distribution channel, the outdoor lighting market has been segmented into retail and commercial. The commercial segment is expected to dominate the outdoor lighting market during the forecast period because outdoor lights are mainly sold in bulk, based on their companies, utility, or specialty distributors.
By application, the outdoor lighting market has been segmented into street lighting, highways, stadiums, parking lots, tunnel lights, parks, and others. The street lighting segment is expected to dominate the application segment due to various government initiatives taken for streetlight control systems. The highway segment is expected to grow at the higher rate during the forecast period.
The key players in the outdoor lighting market are Philips Lighting Holding B.V.(The Netherlands), General Electric Company (US), Osram Licht AG (Germany), Cree, Inc. (US), Eaton Corporation PLC (Ireland), Hubbell Incorporated (US), Dialight PLC (US), Zumtobel Group AG (Austria), Syska (India), Virtual Extension (Israel), Evluma (US) Halco Lighting Technologies (US), and Masco Corporation (US) among others.
About Market Research Future:
At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Reports (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research and Consulting Services.
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J. Matt Dubach, PhD is an Assistant Professor in Radiology at Harvard Medical School and faculty member in the i3 and the Center for Systems Biology. The Dubach lab focuses on innovative tools to make the unmeasurable in biomedicine measurable through various imaging modalities and sensor development. Dr. Dubach developed an optical approach to measure clinical drug target engagement with subcellular resolution in vivo using fluorescent drug analogs and polarized fluorescent two photon intravital microscopy. This approach enables his lab to probe the heterogeneity of drug distribution and target engagement in cancer and beyond while correlating fractional occupancy to drug efficacy in established and novel targets. His lab continues to develop innovative probes through leveraging advances in chemical biology, nanoscience, genomic engineering, imaging and, increasingly, image analysis.
Dr. Dubach received his BS in Chemical Engineering from Lehigh University and a PhD in Bioengineering from Northeastern University. He then trained in molecular imaging as an NIH T32 postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Ralph Weissleder at the Center for Systems Biology at MGH. He subsequently received a pathway to independence award from the NCI to study the role of target engagement in breast cancer. Prior to his PhD, Dr. Dubach was a member of the technical staff in the biomedical engineering group at Draper Laboratory where he developed optical nanosensors for measurements of ions and small molecules in vitro and in vivo, winning the Draper distinguished performance award for his accomplishments. Dr. Dubach also cofounded the company Ionu Biosystems, serving as the principle investigator on a NASA funded project striving to develop space-capable diagnostics. As Associate Director for the i3, he specializes in regulatory affairs to secure FDA approval for i3 technologies and executes the vision of the i3. He has published over 20 peer reviewed papers and is co-inventor on 5 issued patents.


The ACTi E77 Outdoor IR Dome 10MP IP Security Camera with Fixed lens is an outdoor dome camera, with a day and night function and a resolution of 10 megapixels. It offers 1080p HD images of 1920 x 1080 at 30 frames per second. It is IP66 and IK10 rated, weather-proof and vandal-proof, making it the perfect choice for outdoor surveillance. It uses a mechanical IR cur filter and 10 IR LEDs, giving it the ability to shoot in areas with intense back-lighting. It also offers a micro SD card slot for additional local storage along with a host of other advanced features.
The ACTi E77 Outdoor IR Dome 10MP IP Security Camera has a wide dynamic range of 65.2 dB, capturing images at varied light conditions. It has a progressive scan CMOS sensor that captures even moving images, and records in a minimum illumination of 0.1 lux color, and 0 lux in black and white. The camera can be board mounted and has a horizontal viewing angle of 101.4°, and its viewing angle can be adjusted to pan, tilt or rotate, according to your requirements. Its fixed iris lens has a focal length of f3.6mm/F1.8. Its efficient H.264 image compression reduces the requirements for storage compared to traditional surveillance technology, and makes it an important cost-saving feature. ONVIF compliance, white balance, auto gain control, flickerless, digital noise reduction, privacy masking, video motion detection, and PoE technology are the other useful features. The ACTi E77 Outdoor IR Dome 10MP IP Security Camera with Fixed Lens truly integrates premium solution in the IP surveillance market.
- Progressive scan CMOS: captures still and moving images
- WDR: captures images in varied light conditions
- IP66 rated: protection against ingress of dust and powerful jets of water
- Automatic Gain Control: maintains constant brightness level
- Video Motion Detection: triggers alarm when activity is detected
- Privacy Masking: allows concealment of private areas
- Blue Iris Compatible


Telescope: Takahashi FS-152 f/8 fluorite refractor at f/28 using 20mm eyepiece projection
Zeiss II German Equatorial Mount
Santa Barbara Instrument Group ST-8E NABG CCD camera (1530 x 1020 pixels, 9 x 9mm, monochromatic, 16 bit, 13.8 x 9.2mm array)
CWF8 color filter wheel with IR-blocking red, green and blue dichroic filters
Date: Saturday, June 9, 2001
Location: Charlton Flats, CA
Elevation: Approx. 5300', OAT +50F
Exposures: 0.2 seconds, 10 each through red, green and blue filters.
Mars apparent diameter: 20.3 arc-seconds
Raw image scale: 0.43 arc-seconds/pixel. EFL=4300mm. Final image resampled 2x in Photoshop.


This applet simulates the passing of light through a set of slits (or lines) ranging from a single slit up to many slits forming a diffraction grating.
The displays show the image as would be seen on a screen 1000 mm from the grating, and a plot of the intensity as a function of position.
Scrollbars allow the number, width and spacing of the slits to be varied.
The simulation allows two separate wavelengths to be passed through the slits simultaneously - to use only one wavelength set both inputs to the same value. The controls allow the wavelength to be scanned up or down. This can be achieved in coarse or fine steps.


Revolutionary Breakthrough: AI Trained to Rapidly Create High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Researchers in Australia have achieved a groundbreaking feat, training artificial intelligence (AI) to produce solar cells made from the mineral perovskite in a remarkably short period of time. This cutting-edge approach has allowed them to bypass years of human labor and potential errors, leading to the optimization of these cells in just a matter of weeks.
Dr. Nastaran Meftahi, the lead author of the study and a researcher at RMIT University’s School of Science, highlighted that international teams have been in a race to develop perovskite solar cells that are not only cost-effective but also stable enough for long-term commercial use. Thanks to recent advancements, these cells have reached a level of stability where they can be considered for widespread deployment.
Perovskite solar cells are particularly promising due to their potential to outperform traditional silicon-based solar cells in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, the challenge lies in finding the optimal combination of materials and fabrication processes to maximize their performance.
To address this challenge, the researchers turned to AI. By training machine learning algorithms on vast amounts of data and simultaneously carrying out experimental work, they were able to rapidly identify the most efficient compositions and fabrication methods for perovskite solar cells. This process significantly accelerated the research and development cycle, which traditionally took years to achieve similar results.
The use of AI has enabled scientists to overcome human limitations and biases that often arise during optimization processes. It can quickly analyze and interpret vast amounts of data, identifying patterns and optimizing parameters that human researchers might overlook. As a result, the AI-generated solar cells exhibited improved efficiency and stability.
The team’s successful AI-driven approach demonstrates the enormous potential of this technology in accelerating scientific discoveries and technological advancements. It may also pave the way for further breakthroughs in other areas of research that require extensive optimization processes.
These findings bring us closer to the widespread adoption of perovskite solar cells in renewable energy systems, offering a viable alternative to traditional silicon-based technology. By streamlining the development process, AI could play a pivotal role in driving the transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.
As researchers worldwide continue to push the boundaries of AI-driven optimization, the potential for innovation in the field of solar cell technology is boundless. The next step will be to further refine the AI models and methods to continuously improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells, ultimately making them a commercially viable and scalable solution


Evacuated Tube Design
Imagine a transparent vacuum flask that allows light to enter but restricts it from escaping the vessel. That is the basis of the Evacuated Tube technology in a nutshell. It’s a double layered glass vessel with a vacuum in the space between the two layers of glass. The core of this vessels can trap enough light on a cloudy day to cook a meal. Also, coupled with a ‘thermal battery’ – a material that collects and stores heat through the day and uniformly releases that heat at night – this technology can also be used for night-time cooking.


Surfacing is one of the most time consuming and expensive process in track construction. SWI is the first company in North America to use Gedo IMS technology for track scanning on their current project. Gedo can capture track position in the 3D space just by rolling it along the track and only needs to be calibrated every 300 feet. The collected data is then directly entered into the tamper through a flash drive; and tamper automatically aligns the track based on that data. Gedo has significantly reduced the manual work, where we could surface 1000 feet of track in a day, now we can surface 3000 feet. Gedo is also being used for generating as-builts and quality control, where the file generated by it can be compared with the designed CAD file. Due to its high accuracy, efficiency and simplicity, this equipment will change the way tracks are constructed globally.


With the introduction of progressive lenses, several decades ago, a true revolution occurred. Being able to see at all distances was no longer just a theoretical possibility.
However, the problem with traditional progressive lenses is that you have to get used to it. Many progressive wearers need some time to adjust themselves to the way they perceive the images.
Thanks to the Balanced View Control principle Hoyalux iD lets you experience an unsurpassed stable image perception.
Hoya is the first manufacturer to succeed in developing a progressive lens with a completely new and revolutionary structure. It neutralizes the disadvantages and provides maximum benefits.
Hoyalux iD is the ideal lens for you if you:
- Want to feel secure while moving
- Prefer a maximum wide distortion free view
- Require visual comfort at all distances and in many circumstances


At Fort Lee Vision, we combine strict quality controls, with the latest in computerized manufacturing, to a finished product that exceeds industry standards.
Using only premium, top quality lenses from our extensive inventory, we fill your prescriptions quickly and accurately.
Our premium line of lenses includes special features such as:
- Progressive - For distance, working on computers, and reading, without ugly lines.
- Ultra Thin - High Index 1.74
- Thin - High Index 1.67
- Anti-reflective - Lens treatment that eliminates
glare from computer screens and
overhead lights. Excellent for night driving without fatigue.
- Transition - Lenses that change from
light to dark, reacts to amount of U.V. ray present outdoors.
- Polarized - Glare-resistant lens that
allows for true color perception.


UO physicist Michael Raymer is helping pave the way for faster, more secure Web browsing through the quirkiness of quantum mechanics, which operates on the level of single electrons of matter and single photons of light. By focusing a dual-color burst of laser light onto a fiber-optic cable, Raymer and doctoral student Hayden McGuinness were able to change the color of a single photon—a crucial step toward quantum computing.
The implications? If digital information can be stored and transmitted in a single electron and a single photon—rather than being stored in bits composed of many electrons and transmitted in light pulses containing many photons, as is currently the case—then quantum theory predicts a huge speedup of certain computer-intensive tasks, such as searching the Internet. Imagine “lightning-fast quantum Google,” said Raymer.
Right: Graduate student Hayden McGuinness in the lab. Photos: Katie Campbell
The research by Raymer and McGuinness takes advantage of the fact that, at the level of single electrons and photons, quantum strangeness reigns. Think Einstein’s “spooky action at a distance,” the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Schrödinger’s dead-or-alive cat (see sidebar). Because of this small-scale complexity, certain types of Internet transactions, such as searches, would become unthinkably fast and utterly hacker-proof.
One aspect of that quantum strangeness is wave-particle duality, which means that a photon of light possesses the properties of both a wave and a particle at the same time. This permits quantum bits to store values of both 0 and 1 simultaneously, unlike typical computer bits, which must have a value of either 0 or 1. This feature could not only significantly increase computational speed but could also render the quantum information safe from prying eyes. That’s because even the most careful observation of the quantum system would disturb its state, revealing the intrusion—another “spooky” effect.
One roadblock, however, is that quantum systems are based on the fact that electrons emit and absorb visible light. But existing fiber-optic cables are optimized to transmit infrared light. Raymer’s work potentially overcomes this obstacle.
In the next phase of their work, “the objective is to convert a single photon from the color that a common quantum memory will deal with into an infrared photon that communication fibers can transmit,” said Raymer, Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences. “At the other end, it has to be converted back into the original color to go into the receiving memory to be read properly.”
Raymer, who is dedicated to making science accessible to nonscientists (see Science Literacy story), recently published The Silicon Web: Physics for the Internet Age (Taylor and Francis, 2009) for the curious nonscientist who has little or no mathematics or physics background. The book covers the basics of mechanics, electromagnetism, waves, optics and quantum physics as well as the science behind advanced technologies such as lasers, fiber-optic communication and semiconductors.
“One can argue that scientific thought and methods have changed the course of human history as much as or more than anything else,” Raymer writes in the book’s preface. “To have a deeper understanding of where humanity is at present, it pays to study science and technology.”
— Eric Tucker
Sidebar: Quantum Strangeness Reigns
• Physicist Albert Einstein used the phrase “spooky action at a distance” to describe the quantum-mechanical phenomenon of quantum entanglement, in which the physical properties of two particles separated by vast distances remain strangely intertwined.
• In 1935, physicist Erwin Schrödinger devised a deliberately absurd thought experiment to illustrate the strangeness of quantum entanglement. In it, an unfortunate cat, trapped inside a box with a vial of poison that is randomly released or not, is simultaneously dead and alive until someone opens the box and observes it. Similarly, in the UO experiment, under the action of the dual laser burst in an optical fiber, a single photon of light can end up being both red and green at the same time until someone observes it, at which time it must “decide” which color to be.
• Formulated by physicist Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s, the quantum uncertainty principle states that the exact velocity and position of a subatomic particle can never be known simultaneously. For instance, measurement of the velocity of a particle will displace it by an unknown amount, invalidating the simultaneous measurement of its position. For light, measurement of the color of a photon will displace it in time by an unknown amount, invalidating the simultaneous measurement of its arrival time. Using this principle, it would be possible to tell whether or not an eavesdropper has tampered with the photon in an attempt to intercept a message being sent across the Internet.


LED Light Signs – Sleek, Thin & High Efficiency
Our LED light signs emit beautiful soft white light (CRI>80) and start instantly with no flickering, no humming and no RF interference. With a luminous efficacy of more than 100 Lm/W you can achieve energy savings of up to 70% when replacing traditional fluorescent light up signs.
The long life & low maintenance reliability of our ultra-Thin LED signs is further enhanced through a special circuit design that ensures that a single damaged LED does affect the entire panel.
LED technology is unique in that it produces a brilliant, yet clear light that is easy to read both close up and from a distance. Also, it stands out boldly in the night and is even intense enough to see when the sun’s shining. This means that no matter what time of day, and regardless of whether your customers are walking or driving past, they can get a clear impression of your sign’s message or logo.
Our LED light signs may be suspended, mounted or built in to fit any surface. The energy efficiency of LED lighting combined with lower maintenance cost delivers immense cost savings when replacing traditional lighting.
Our LED light signs can also be customised with unique range of framing to suit your business.
LED Light Signs Product Range
|Products||Dimensions||Power Consumption*||Luminous Flux|
|TAC3060-1.5KG||295 X 595 X 9MM||24W- .52¢ PH||2400 LM|
|TAC6060-3KG||595 X 595 X 9MM||36W- .78¢ PH||3600 LM|
|TAC30120-3.75KG||295 X 1195 X 9MM||40W- .87¢ PH||4000 LM|
|TAC60120-7.5KG||595 X 1195 X 9MM||48W- 1.05¢ PH||3600 LM|
* Based on 21.92c ph inc gst


Summer time is approaching…now is the time many people working outdoors break out the sunglasses. While conventional sunglasses may protect the eyes from glare, they do a poor job of protecting your eyes from the industrial hazards of splashes, flying objects, and dust. In fact, conventional glasses can present their own hazards in the workplace.
- It is a fact that the frame and lenses used in safety glasses are stronger than the frame and lenses used in conventional glasses. When an object strikes the lens of safety glasses it is very unlikely that the lens would dislodge. This is not true of conventional eye wear, especially those types with wire frames. When an object strikes the lens of conventional glasses, the lens can shatter, showering the wearer’s eye with shards of glass. This can happen, and it has happened. But, with a pair of approved safety glasses, the lens may break, but it will not shatter back into the eye.
- Safety glasses also have shields to reduce the risk of foreign objects reaching the eye from the sides, top or bottom. Sunglasses do not.
- Because sunglasses have a darkened lens, some people mistakenly believe these glasses will provide the needed protection when welding, brazing, or cutting. This is far from the truth. A darkened lens will not protect your eyes from the infrared (IR) and ultra-violet (UV) radiation. Wearing glasses with darkened lenses which are not made for industrial applications, can actually be more dangerous than wearing no glasses at all. For adequate protection from the visible light produced by welding, the lens must be of a specified shade. Sunglasses are not welding/cutting goggles.
- What should you look for when selecting safety sunglasses? First, be sure the glasses are indeed safety eye wear, by checking to see if they comply with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards, the organization which sets the criteria for safety eye wear. This will be stated on the packaging and on the frame of the glasses. Look for “Z87.1.” This is the ANSI designation identifying the glasses as approved safety eye wear.
Although not a necessity, consider glasses providing IR and UV protection. Look for glasses that are lightweight and adjustable. If the glasses don’t fit properly, they won’t be comfortable and thus they may not be worn. Try them on and adjust them before starting work. Get with your supervisor or safety tech if you are in need of a pair of safety sunglasses.
PDF version is available through the link below.


Thomas Lord Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Director, Microphotonics Center
Principal Investigator, Electronic Materials Group
Ph.D., Metallurgy, MIT, 1969
S.B., Metallurgy, MIT, 1965
Prof. Kimerling's research has had fundamental impact on the understanding of the chemical and electrical properties of defects in semiconductors and in the use of this knowledge in materials processing and component reliability. His research teams have enabled long-lived telecommunications lasers, produced the first 1MB DRAM, developed semiconductor diagnostic methods such as DLTS, SEM-EBIC, and RF-PCD, and pioneered silicon microphotonics. His MIT research on silicon processing has addressed integrated circuit fabrication, microphotonic materials and devices, solar energy conversion and environmentally benign integrated circuit manufacturing. Among the achievements of this research are the creation of a process simulator for wafer contamination gettering; development of a new ultrasensitive measurement for silicon surface perfection; the discovery of a surface passivation method for the reduction of cleaning steps in manufacturing; and the development of in-situ diagnostic tools for wet chemical process control.
His group's microphotonics research has produced a series of first ever achievements with the goal of monolithic integration of optical interconnection with integrated microelectronic circuit chips. A few of the legendary results in this area include the optoelectronic physics and materials processing of rare earth-doped semiconductors culminating in the first room temperature operational, erbium-doped silicon light emitting diode; the monolithic integration of MOSFET driver circuitry with Si:Er LEDs and Si/SiO2 waveguides; the process development silicon optical waveguides to yield low loss microphotonic signal distribution; the fabrication and demonstration of the first waveguide-integrated microcavity resonators based on photonic crystal designs at a wavelength of 1.54 microns; the fabrication and demonstration of optical add/drop microphotonic circuits for high capacity WDM data distribution based on microring resonator filter junctions; and the process development and testing of high performance, heteroepitaxial Ge-on-Si photodetectors for microphotonic applications.
In addition to being the Thomas Lord Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT and the founding Director of the MIT Microphotonics Center, Dr. Kimerling has also served as Director of the MIT Materials Processing Center (1993-2008) and was Head of the Materials Physics Research Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories when he joined the faculty of MIT as Professor in 1990. He has authored more than 350 technical articles and holds more than 50 patents. He leads the MIT-Industry team of the Communication Technology Roadmap.
Dr. Kimerling is the recipient of the 1995 Electronics Division Award of the Electrochemical Society, the 1996 MIT Perkins Award for Excellence in Graduate Advising, the 1997 Humboldt Senior Scientist Research Award and the 1999 John Bardeen Award of TMS. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the AAAS, TMS, MRS and the School of Engineering of the University of Tokyo.


It is a device that examines the frontal parts of the eye, as it takes a 360-degree image and then shoots 50 different pictures of more than 25,000 points in the cornea in a period not exceeding two seconds only!
The device also gives a three-dimensional image of the cornea and a three-dimensional image of the anterior chamber of the eye, determines the front and back terrain of the cornea and its thickness and also shows white water "cataract" if it is present with the lens of the eye. The Pentacam imaging system also allows for a panoramic tour of the anterior chamber of the eye without surgery or direct contact with the cornea using an advanced camera system that scans (cornea, anterior chamber, iris, and lens). This technique displays images that the patient can instantly understand and much information about the condition of the eye allowing to display all the above structures in high magnification with many details. The Pentacam imaging system is an important tool in vision correction surgery that helps us rule out any kind of corneal problems that would be contraindications to laser vision correction.


• Multi-Mode OM3 Duplex Patch Cord with LSZH Jacket: This patch cord is designed for multi-mode fiber optic networks and features a Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) jacket.
• OM3 Fiber Optic Compatibility: The patch cord is specifically designed to work with OM3 multi-mode fiber optic cables, ensuring optimal performance and compatibility.
• LSZH Jacket: The LSZH jacket provides enhanced safety in case of fire by producing low smoke and zero halogen emissions, making it suitable for use in sensitive environments such as data centers, hospitals, and transportation facilities.
• Duplex Design: The patch cord features a duplex design, allowing for the simultaneous transmission of data in both directions.
• Reliable Data Transmission: With its multi-mode design, the patch cord enables the transmission of data over short to medium distances with high reliability and low signal loss.
• Durable Construction: The patch cord is built with high-quality materials to ensure durability and long-lasting performance, making it suitable for use in various environments.
• Easy Installation: The patch cord is plug-and-play, making it easy to install and connect to compatible fiber optic devices or patch panels without the need for special tools or expertise.
Click on the PDF icon below to download datasheet:


CDN$ 514.99 (26% Discount)
A sleek, pocketable, and quite capable camera, the black PowerShot G9 X Mark II from Canon mixes a compact form factor with advanced imaging capabilities. Pairing a 20.1MP 1" CMOS sensor with a DIGIC 7 image processor, this combination produces clean, high-resolution image quality well-suited to working in difficult lighting conditions, with extended sensitivity to ISO 12800, and also avails quick shooting performance up to 8.2 fps for working with moving subjects. Full HD 1080p video recording is also supported, as well as in-camera time-lapse movies for producing dynamic moving image content. Complementing the imaging capabilities is a versatile 3x optical zoom lens, which covers a wide-angle to portrait-length 28-84mm equivalent focal length range, and Dynamic IS benefits this reach by minimizing the appearance of camera shake. The slim camera body also features a 3.0" touchscreen LCD for intuitive control as well as built-in Wi-Fi with NFC and Bluetooth for wirelessly transferring imagery and remotely controlling the camera from a mobile device.
20.1MP 1" High-Sensitivity CMOS Sensor
DIGIC 7 Image Processor
3x Optical Zoom f/2-4.9 Lens
28-84mm (35mm Equivalent)
3.0" 1.04m-Dot Touchscreen LCD Monitor
Full HD 1080p Video Recording at 60 fps
Built-In Wi-Fi with NFC and Bluetooth
Extended ISO 12800 and 8.2 fps Shooting
Dynamic IS and Time-Lapse Video Function
In-Camera Raw Conversion, Picture Style"
Why should I buy from MapleLeafPhoto.ca?
In Canada, we believe that we are able to bring you the best combination of best price and best value! We have established direct relationships with the manufacturers so that we can bring you the very best price!
What is MapleLeafPhoto.ca's Shipping Policy?
At MapleLeafPhoto.ca, almost all of our cameras, drones and accessories ship free. If you want, for a little extra any item can be expedited so you can start using it right away. Not in Canada? Not a problem, we can also ship to you!
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Yes! We use the latest SSL technology to encode names, passwords, credit card numbers, and all other customer information, making it practically impossible for anyone to ever see your information.


Dimmable R7S LED bulb 118mm - 1700lm - 230V - 15W
The R7S LED bulb offers a high luminous efficiency of over 80 lm/W, with a power of 15W and a brightness of 1700 lumens.
It has an opening angle of 360°, allowing a powerful and uniform illumination in all directions, thanks to its SMD 2835 LED technology.
In addition, it is dimmable without the need of a driver or external transformer. With a standard dimmer suitable for LED lighting, it is possible to regulate the intensity of the bulb gradually, without jumps or flickering.
Its high color rendering index, CRI>80, makes it possible to reproduce colors with great fidelity, similar to natural light.
Designed with high transmittance materials resistant to shock and vibration, it offers multiple applications such as LED lamps, ceiling lights, wall lights, floor lamps, wall lamps, table lamps, chandeliers, projectors, etc.
It has significant advantages over conventional halogen lamps, since it consumes only 10% to 15% of the energy of a halogen lamp, allowing energy savings of more than 85%. Its useful life of 25,000 hours makes it 25 times more durable than a halogen lamp. It is also an environmentally friendly option, as it does not contain heavy metals and does not emit UV or IR radiation.
Main product features:


Brass Micro Wall Light, Hooded Surface Mount Option, 2.5 Watts, 10-15V, 240 Lumens
- Fully integrated 3.5W light source
- Twist and Lock Connection Type for easy installation
- Features 3 LED chips for an even spread of light minimizing "hot spots"
- Available in multiple kelvin temperatures: 2700K & 3000K
- IP65 Rated
- Lifetime Warranty on Brass Housing
- 10 Year Warranty on Light Source


The SLL Code for Lighting establishes the fundamentals required by lighting designers and anyone responsible for the application of light and lighting within the built environment.
The 2022 update reflects the rapid development in lighting technologies and research. Advances in LED lighting technology over the last decade have seen it become the dominant light source. Amongst other developments, this has led to extensive lighting research around the non-visual effects of LED light, and the potential for artificial lighting to disrupt and/or support human circadian rhythms.
It is understood that lighting conditions can affect visual performance, and in some cases, cause visual discomfort. The dominance of LED lighting has contributed to discussions relating to lighting metrics, colour rendering, and the spectral content of LED light sources. The possibility that exposure to light can have significant effects on human health and function beyond the obvious visual effect implies another basis for lighting recommendations. However, more knowledge is required before non-visual effects can be applied with confidence, particularly about the effects on healthy people exposed to light by day.
Lighting is vital in the modern world, enabling 24-hour society to exist. It is used for many different purposes, from enabling people to work accurately and safely, to visually enhancing our environment and improving accessibility and security.
The new edition of the Code considers the cost of lighting in relation to the health and wellbeing of an occupant and the environment. The recommendations included in the Code aim to strike a balance between the benefits and the costs. The basis of energy-efficient lighting is to provide the right amount of light, in the right place, at the right time, with the right lighting equipment.
Split over twenty chapters, the Code covers definitions for the various units of measurement and the interrelationships between them; calculation methodologies for a range of applications; photometric data; colour metrics; and maintenance factors for LED light sources and luminaires.
Most lighting calculations are carried out using software tools based on the fundamental calculations that are listed within the Code for Lighting. The Code specifies the quantitative lighting requirements for a wide range of applications, along with guidance on how these might be achieved. By understanding these fundamentals, the designer, engineer, or facilities manager is equipped with the information they might need to verify automated calculations.
The Code sits alongside the SLL Lighting Handbook, which is more aligned to project-based lighting design, technology, and applications.
Project manager and editor-in-chief:
- Sophie Parry, CEng MIET FSLL, head of Akademie, Trilux UK
Chapter authors and principal contributors:
- Allan Howard, BEng (Hons) FLIP FSLL, group technical director (lighting), WSP
- Peter Raynham, CEng MSc MCIBSE FILP FSLL, professor of the lit environment, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, UCL
- Sophie Parry (as above)
- Peter Thorns, CEng BSc (Hons) FCIBSE FSLL, head of strategic lighting applications, Zumtobel Group Lighting
- Ruth Kelly-Waskett, PhD CEng MCIBSE FSLL, senior associate, Hoare Lea, SLL past president
Contributors and reviewers
- Steve Fotios, PhD CEng MEI MILP FSLL, professor of lighting and visual perception, University of Sheffield
- Nigel Monaghan, FSLL, senior lighting consultant, Luminous Solutions
- Peter Raynham (as above)
- Peter Thorns (as above)
- Technical secretary, SLL technical and publications committee
- John Fitzpatrick
- Ken Butcher, CIBSE Publications
For more information about the SLL Code for Lighting, visit https://www.cibse.org/knowledge-research/knowledge-portal/sll-code-for-lighting-2022
For more information about the Society of Light and Lighting (SLL), visit https://www.cibse.org/get-involved/societies/society-of-light-and-lighting-sll


Sivers Semiconductors AB is a leading and internationally recognized technology company that supplies ICs and integrated modules through its two business areas Wireless and Photonics. Wireless develops mmWave products for advanced 5G systems for data and telecommunications networks and satellite communication.
The portfolio includes RF transceivers, beamforming front end ICs, integrated mmwave antennas, repeaters, and software algorithms for optimum mmWave RF performance. Photonics develops and manufactures semiconductor based optical products for optical fiber networks, sensors and optical fiber communications (Li-Fi). The company is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm under SIVE. The head office is located in Kista, Sweden. For more information: http://www.sivers-semiconductors.com


Wuhan Huahai Century Laser Co., Ltd is a high-tech enterprise engaging in the development and manufacture of gas laser, solid laser, complete set of laser processing equipment as well as craft processing and sale. Located in the East Lake Hi-tech Industrial Park, Huahai is a key enterprise of Wuhan Optics Valley of China.
With a group of high quality technical experts and personnel and backed by the environment of the favorable policies and many universities in Wuhan , Huahai explores actively, and is keen on forging ahead and constant innovation. It has formed the corporate concept of “Technology is source; Quality is life”, the management concept of “Win market share ahead of others via technology; Reward customers with first-rate service”, and the HR concept of “careers open to talents; fair competition”.
In the increasingly fierce market competition, the company has, on the basis of fully absorbing advanced laser technology in the field of international laser, developed a series laser products of laser engraving machines, cutting machines, seal engraving machines, engraving machines for crafts etc, which are mainly of gas laser and applied extensively in the areas of seals, advertising, engraving , shoe patterns, clothing, industry, and craft gifts etc. With high-quality products, complete after-sale services, and a fine attitude in attending to customers, the company has won customers' confidence and successfully promoted its products all over China .
Today's Huahai is a new star of Optics Valley which combines high-tech industry with Standardized Management; Tomorrow's Huahai will rise in the main battlefield of civil laser with a brand-new face. In face of the dawn of the new Millennium, Huahai will create brilliance together with you!