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What it does:
The Trijicon Miniature Rifle Optic (MRO®) is a reflex-style, sealed sight intended for use on rifles, carbines, and shotguns to provide fast target acquisition. It is designed to be used with both eyes open, providing the operator with maximum situational awareness.
The large aperture and tapered light path maximizes the viewing area in such a small optic, allowing for fast target engagement – especially from non-standard shooting positions. Advanced lens coatings and electronics produce a crisp red dot.
The brightness control dial on the MRO is specifically designed for ambidextrous usage. With a mid-adjustment “off” position and eight discernible brightness settings, this brightness dial allows for quick and ergonomic adjustments.
The MRO features fully protected adjusters that maintain zero even during rough handling, and can be adjusted without the need for special tools.
Hard-anodized, forged 7075-T6 housing is fully sealed and waterproof, providing durability in demanding conditions.
The MRO Patrol includes an Ocular Lens Cover to protect glass from damage and to reduce glare and reflections as well as an Objective cover and ARD.
- Trijicon MRO 2.0 MOA Red Dot
- Trijicon Ocular Cap
- Trijicon Objective Cap
- Trijicon ARD
- Trijicon Hard Case
- Trijicon Lens Cloth
- Trijicon Warranty Registration Card
- Trijicon Decal
- Owners Manual
- CR2032 Battery
- Mount based on selection
- Faster target acquisition
- Faster follow up shots
- Increased situational awareness
- Magnification - 1x
- Objective Size - 25mm
- Bullet Drop Compensator - No
- Length - 4.1 in
- Weight (oz) w/o mount - 5.1 oz (116g) to 5.9oz (166g) with battery installed
- Weight (oz) w/ cowintess mount - 5.9oz (166g) with battery installed
- Illumination Source - Battery
- Reticle Pattern - 2.0 MOA Dot
- Reticle Color - Red
- Bindon Aiming Concept - No
- Eye Relief - Infinite
- Adjustment @ 100 yards (clicks/in) - 1.0 click = 1/2 MOA
- Housing Material - 7075-T6 forged aluminum
- Batteries - 1 CR2032 Lithium Battery
- Battery Life - 5 years of continuous use at day setting “3” (setting 5 of 8) at 70°F (21°C)
- Adjustment Range - 70 MOA total travel
- Illumination settings - 8
- Dimensions (LxWxH) w/o mount - 2.6 in. x 1.7 in. x 2.0 in. (66mm x 43mm x 51mm)
- Dimensions (LxWxH) w/ cowitness mount - 2.6 in. x 1.7 in. x 2.86 in. (66mm x 43mm x 73mm)
- Waterproof - 100 ft (30 m)
- Distance From Top of Mounting Rail to Optical Axis (Low / Full / Lower 1/3) inches: 0.985 / 1.538 / 1.663


Bausch + Lomb SofLens Daily Disposable (10 Pieces Per Pack)
Bausch + Lomb SofLens Daily Disposable is daily disposable contact lenses with ComfortMoist Technology to provide unrivaled comfort of daily wear. The lens design is especially thin, allowing for an unusually natural feel on the eye. With the distinctive High Definition Optics design, Soflens daily disposable contact lenses reduce spherical aberration giving you crisp and clear vision especially in low-light condition. Also, the slow-release packaging solution creates a pillow of moisture around the lenses - keeping your eyes comfortable all day through the end of the day.
Key Features & Benefits:
- High Definition Optics Technology reduce spherical aberration giving you crisp and clear vision especially during low light condition
- Designed with ComfortMoist Technology to provide unsurpassed comfort of daily wear.
- SPH Power Myopia: -0.50D to 6.00D(0.25D steps); -6.50D to -10.00D(0.50D steps)
- Base Curve 8.6 mm
- Diameter 14.2mm
- DK/T: 24
- Visibility Light blue tinted
- Daily Wear Schedule, Daily Replacement
- Packaging of 10 or 30 pieces per pack


Camera ZOOM FX Premium V5.7.0 Apk
DOWNLOAD - https://geags.com/2tr5ZU
Ninja V includes a comprehensive range of monitoring tools including a waveform, focus peaking, false color, zoom controls, custom LUTs, and frame guides. Each offers an opportunity to perfect the composition and exposure for every shot and can be overlaid in any combination, unlike many other monitors that allow only one monitoring tool at a time. AtomOS software is easy to use and provides a platform for Atomos to easily update Ninja V, introduce new features, and add support for new cameras on release.
Calibrated lens data can vary depending on the camera's focus and zoom. Therefore, to achieve a high-quality calibration, you often need to calibrate using multiple focus and zoom points. Distortion parameters, camera intrinsics, and nodal point offsets are all stored in the Lens File along with their associated focus and zoom value. It is possible to evaluate a calibrated Lens File for any focus and zoom position by interpolating between the stored focus and zoom points.
You can manually adjust the location of the image center after you calibrate the lens. This can be useful when the interpolated image center between two calibrated focus or zoom points is not accurate, or when external factors, such as temperature, affect your camera lens slightly.
Camera: The Virtual Camera Actor that is used to render the CG layer. To do any calibration steps, this camera must also have a Live Link Camera Subject driving its focus, iris, and zoom values, and have this Lens File Asset assigned to it.
For users who perform camera calibration within Unreal Engine, we have added a Lens File asset to the LiveLink Camera Controller. When a Lens File is present, the camera controller will evaluate that Lens File at the focus and zoom positions streamed through LiveLink. This evaluation interpolates between the closest calibrated points in the Lens File to generate distortion parameters, camera intrinsics, and nodal point offset for the current frame. 1e1e36bf2d


Clarity Eye Group – Technology
Serving Orange County, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Fountain Valley
At Clarity Eye Group, our surgeons use only the latest, cutting-edge technology, training, and techniques to achieve the best results for our patients. This approach has helped them establish a reputation as some of the best cataract surgery Orange County specialists, as well as leading Visian ICLs experts.
- Optical Coherence Tomography
- Optos® OPTOMAP™
- Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT II)
- Visual Fields
- ZEISS® IOL Master™
Optical Coherence Tomography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a very sensitive non-contact diagnostic test commonly used to detect glaucoma, retinal thickening associated with macular degeneration, and numerous other retinal conditions.
OCT works by using light waves to create a high-resolution cross-sectional image of the inner structures of the eye in order to detect retinal changes below the surface of the retina such as macular holes, macular edema, and other eye conditions. OCT can reveal much more detail to the inner workings of the retina when compared to a simple dilated exam for patients with macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and many other retinal conditions. Because of this, doctors can more specifically assess and diagnose these conditions.
A leading tool available to doctors during the initial screening to detect eye diseases and disorders is the Optos® OPTOMAP™. The image created by the OPTOMAP™ provides the doctor with a digital wide-field of view of the patient’s retina, which is helpful in detecting eye diseases and disorders that may be missed using conventional retinal examination techniques. With this new tool, patients have the benefit of not necessarily needing dilation to exam the retina while at the same time providing a much better level of detail in the retina to follow changes in retinal conditions.
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT II)
The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph is a cutting-edge medical device used by doctors to examine the rear portion of the eye for the presence of various retinal diseases and disorders such as glaucoma. The HRT II uses a laser to scan the patient’s optic nerve head, producing three-dimensional images of the optic disc within the eye, and calculating the thickness of the retinal nerve fibers. Defects in the fibers can be an early telltale sign that a patient is developing glaucoma. The HRT II allows our doctors to apply statistical analysis to the optic nerve that is suspect for early glaucoma damage. The HRT II test takes less than 15 minutes. Because early detection of glaucoma is imperative in preserving vision, the HRT II can be an invaluable tool.
The visual field is the total area in which objects can be seen in the peripheral (side) vision while the eye is focused on a central point. A visual field test measures how much “side vision” a person has. Advances in computer technology have greatly enhanced the ability of doctors to measure a patient’s visual field.
Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer
The Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer is a computerized machine used by doctors to measure the visual fields that are visible to a patient. Analysis of visual fields is important to the proper diagnosis of glaucoma. The machine uses flashing lights cast inside a viewing hood to determine how well a patient can see. The lights appear in different vision areas, and with the patient’s head remaining still during the test, the patient’s visual field can be determined.
ZEISS® IOL Master™
The ZEISS® IOL Master™ is a device that uses partial coherence interferometry to measure the eye, calculate the dimensions and surface curvature, and evaluate the power of the intraocular lens, all of which are necessary before cataract surgery or removal of the natural lens can be performed. Measurements can be made quickly and efficiently without contact with the eye, which eliminates the need for anesthesia and greatly reduces the risk of corneal abrasions, eye infections and contamination of instruments. IOL Master™ technology, widely used in clinical ophthalmology, is much more accurate and predictable for choosing cataract replacement lenses, such as ReStor and Tecnis Multifocal. This technology also allows Clarity Eye Group’s surgeons to provide their Crystalens Orange County patients with the best possible vision correction results.
Contact Clarity Eye Group Today
At Clarity Eye Group, we are committed to providing our patients with the best and latest technology available in the science and practice of eye care. Using the most up-to-date techniques, equipment, and procedures, we are able to achieve consistently impressive results for our Orange County LASIK surgery and cataracts patients. Contact our practice today to schedule an appointment with one of our skilled doctors.


Mushroom hunting, in the realm of outdoor fun, is a special mix of adventure and exploring nature. For fans who venture into the woods searching for hidden mushrooms, using modern technology has made a big difference. Among the many tools, thermal imaging devices are incredibly helpful for mushroom hunters. They give a much better experience than just using your eyes.
Understanding Thermal Imaging Technology
Basics of Thermal Imaging
At its core, thermal imaging operates on the principle of detecting infrared radiation emitted by objects based on their temperature. This is particularly relevant in the context of mushroom hunting, where these fungi often blend seamlessly with their surroundings. Unlike traditional night vision, which relies on ambient light, thermal imaging excels in total darkness or adverse weather conditions.
More about How Thermal Imaging Operates.
Infrared Radiation and Heat Signatures
Understanding infrared radiation is pivotal to grasp how thermal imaging unveils the hidden world of heat signatures. Everything with a temperature above absolute zero emits infrared radiation, and thermal imaging devices capture this radiation to create a visual representation. In the context of mushroom hunting, where subtle temperature variations can indicate the presence of fungi, discerning these heat signatures becomes a critical skill.
How Thermal Imaging Devices Capture Heat
Thermal imaging devices utilize a specialized sensor called a microbolometer to detect infrared radiation. As the radiation hits the sensor, it generates a thermogram, which is then translated into a visible image. The resulting thermal images provide a unique perspective for mushroom hunters, allowing them to spot temperature anomalies that may signify the presence of mushrooms, even in densely vegetated or dark environments.
Applications in Outdoor Activities
Overview of Thermal Imaging in Hunting
While thermal imaging has various applications in outdoor activities, its significance in hunting cannot be overstated. For hunters, it offers a distinct advantage by detecting the heat signatures of animals, aiding in tracking and navigation. In mushroom hunting, this technology provides an additional layer of awareness, enabling enthusiasts to identify potential fungal hotspots.
Specific Relevance to Mushroom Hunting
In the specific context of mushroom hunting, thermal imaging proves invaluable. Mushrooms, being living organisms, emit heat, albeit at levels not always perceptible to the human eye. Thermal imaging unveils these subtle temperature variations, helping mushroom hunters pinpoint locations where fungi may thrive. This capability transforms the mushroom hunting experience, offering enthusiasts a tool to enhance their detection abilities in diverse environments and lighting conditions. As we delve deeper, we will explore the key features that make thermal imaging devices effective companions in the quest for elusive mushrooms.
Key Features to Prioritize
In the realm of thermal imaging for mushroom hunting, several key features demand careful consideration to ensure an optimal experience. These features not only enhance the effectiveness of the device but also play a crucial role in navigating the diverse and challenging terrains synonymous with mushroom hunting.
Range and Detection Distance
Understanding the detection range of a thermal imaging device is paramount. The device’s ability to identify heat signatures at varying distances influences the overall effectiveness of mushroom hunting. In dense forests or expansive landscapes, a longer detection range becomes a valuable asset, allowing enthusiasts to scan a larger area and increase the likelihood of spotting mushrooms.
Why Detection Range Matters
The significance of detection range extends beyond mere convenience. It directly correlates with the device’s ability to unveil heat differentials in the environment. A broader detection range ensures that even subtle variations in temperature, indicative of mushroom presence, are captured, providing a comprehensive view of the surroundings.
Considerations for Mushroom Hunting Environments
Mushroom hunting often takes enthusiasts into diverse environments, from thick underbrush to open fields. When selecting a thermal imaging device, considerations for the specific environments where mushrooms thrive become pivotal. Devices with adjustable detection ranges or those tailored for dense foliage environments can be particularly advantageous.
Image Resolution and Clarity
The resolution of thermal images directly influences the clarity with which heat signatures, including those of mushrooms, are displayed. Higher resolution allows for finer details, making it easier to identify subtle temperature variations that might escape notice with lower-resolution devices.
Impact on Identifying Mushrooms
In the context of mushroom hunting, image resolution is not merely a technical specification but a practical necessity. Crisp and clear thermal images empower hunters to distinguish between similar heat signatures, ensuring that they accurately identify mushrooms amidst the surrounding flora and fauna.
Balancing Resolution and Cost
While high resolution is desirable, it often comes with a higher price tag. Finding the right balance between image clarity and cost is crucial. Enthusiasts must weigh their budget constraints against the need for enhanced resolution, ensuring that the chosen device meets their specific requirements without unnecessary financial strain.
Battery Life and Portability
Importance of Extended Battery Life
Extended battery life is a fundamental consideration for any outdoor activity, and mushroom hunting is no exception. The unpredictability of hunting expeditions requires devices with reliable and long-lasting batteries to ensure uninterrupted use in the field.
Considerations for Lightweight and Portable Devices
Mushroom hunters navigate through various terrains, often requiring them to cover significant distances on foot. The portability of a thermal imaging device, therefore, becomes a key factor. Lightweight and compact devices are not only easier to carry but also contribute to a more comfortable and agile hunting experience.
Mushroom hunting is an outdoor pursuit that places enthusiasts in the midst of diverse and sometimes unpredictable environments. When selecting a thermal imaging device for this activity, careful consideration of environmental factors is crucial to ensure the device’s reliability and performance. Two critical aspects that demand attention are weather resistance and thermal sensitivity.
Importance of Waterproof and Weatherproof Devices
The natural habitats of mushrooms span a range of climates, from damp woodlands to open fields. In these varied settings, weather conditions can shift rapidly, presenting challenges to equipment. Opting for a thermal imaging device with robust weather resistance, including waterproof and weatherproof features, is essential. Such devices can withstand rain, snow, and other adverse weather conditions, ensuring their functionality remains intact even in the face of nature’s unpredictability.
How Different Weather Conditions Affect Performance
The impact of weather on thermal imaging devices is notable. Rain or snow, for example, can obstruct the lens and affect image clarity. Devices with advanced weather-resistant features mitigate these challenges, allowing mushroom hunters to maintain their focus on the task at hand without being hindered by the elements.
Understanding Sensitivity in Various Environments
Thermal sensitivity refers to a device’s ability to detect and differentiate temperature variations accurately. In mushroom hunting, where identifying subtle differences in heat signatures is crucial, understanding thermal sensitivity is paramount. Devices with higher thermal sensitivity can unveil the intricate thermal patterns associated with mushrooms, even in environments with minimal temperature differentials.
Implications for Mushroom Hunting at Different Times
The thermal sensitivity of a device also holds implications for mushroom hunting at different times of the day. As ambient temperatures fluctuate, mushrooms may emit varying levels of heat. A thermal imaging device with optimal sensitivity can adapt to these changes, ensuring that enthusiasts can effectively locate mushrooms during dawn, dusk, or even in the dead of night.
In the realm of mushroom hunting, the effectiveness of a thermal imaging device is not solely determined by its technical capabilities; user-friendly features play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall hunting experience. Two key aspects deserving attention are the display and interface, as well as recording and sharing capabilities.
Display and Interface
Choosing the Right Display for Mushroom Hunting
The display of a thermal imaging device serves as the window through which mushroom hunters observe the hidden world of heat signatures. Optimal display characteristics can significantly impact the clarity of thermal images, making it easier for enthusiasts to identify mushrooms amidst their surroundings. Factors such as color rendering and resolution are crucial considerations when selecting a device that caters specifically to the unique requirements of mushroom hunting.
Intuitive Interfaces for Easy Operation
The interface of a thermal imaging device is the bridge between the user and the technology. For mushroom hunters navigating through dense forests or dark environments, an intuitive interface is essential. Devices with user-friendly controls and easily navigable menus empower enthusiasts to focus on the hunt rather than grappling with complex settings. Intuitive interfaces contribute to a seamless and enjoyable user experience, particularly in the dynamic and sometimes challenging conditions of mushroom hunting.
Recording and Sharing Capabilities
Benefits of Recording Hunts
The ability to record hunting expeditions is a feature that extends beyond mere documentation—it becomes a valuable tool for improvement and analysis. Thermal imaging devices equipped with recording capabilities allow mushroom hunters to revisit their hunts, assess their strategies, and identify patterns in mushroom distribution. This feature transforms each expedition into a learning experience, contributing to the continuous refinement of hunting skills.
Considerations for Sharing Findings with Others
Mushroom hunting is often a communal and shared experience. Thermal imaging devices that enable the sharing of recorded findings with fellow enthusiasts, researchers, or the wider community foster a collaborative spirit. This feature not only contributes to the collective knowledge of mushroom habitats but also builds a sense of community among mushroom hunting enthusiasts.
Mushroom hunting, as a recreational pursuit, often invites enthusiasts to find a delicate balance between acquiring cutting-edge technology and adhering to budget constraints. The intersection of features and cost becomes a critical consideration in selecting an optimal thermal imaging device for this activity.
Balancing Features and Cost
Striking the right balance between features and cost is a central concern for mushroom hunters. While advanced features can enhance the hunting experience, they often come at an additional expense. It is essential for enthusiasts to identify the features that align with their specific needs, ensuring that the chosen device offers a practical and cost-effective solution for mushroom hunting.
Evaluating the Return on Investment
When contemplating a thermal imaging device, enthusiasts should view their purchase as an investment in the overall quality and success of their mushroom hunting endeavors. Evaluating the return on investment involves assessing how the features of a device contribute to the efficiency and enjoyment of the activity. This thoughtful evaluation ensures that the expenditure aligns with the tangible benefits derived from the device’s performance.
Finding a Device that Fits Your Budget
The market for thermal imaging devices spans a range of price points, and finding a device that fits within one’s budget is a key aspect of the decision-making process. By identifying the essential features and prioritizing those that align with their budgetary constraints, mushroom hunters can make informed choices that enhance their experiences without unnecessary financial strain.
As the realm of mushroom hunting embraces the integration of thermal imaging technology, the considerations for selecting the right device are crucial. Enthusiasts must weigh the significance of features such as detection range, image resolution, environmental durability, user-friendly interfaces, and budget constraints. The synergy of these factors ensures an optimal and rewarding mushroom hunting experience. Thermal imaging devices not only unveil the hidden world of fungi but also contribute to a deeper understanding of the environments in which they thrive. By making informed choices, mushroom hunters can elevate their capabilities, transforming each expedition into an immersive journey of discovery and connection with the natural world.


What are the alternatives to color card threads for color selection and matching in the textile industry?
Posted by Admin | 21 Sep
In the textile industry, color selection and matching are critical processes for achieving the desired color in fabrics and garments. While color card threads are commonly used, there are several alternative methods and technologies for color selection and matching: Spectrophotometers: Spectrophotometers are precise color measurement devices that capture and analyze the spectral characteristics of a color. They provide digital color data, making it easier to match and reproduce colors accurately. Colorimeters: Colorimeters are portable color measurement tools that provide quick and simple color assessments. They are often used for quality control and color matching in textiles. Color Management Software: Color management software, combined with spectrophotometers or colorimeters, allows for precise color analysis, correction, and matching. It is commonly used in the printing and dyeing processes. Digital Color Libraries: Digital color libraries contain color data and can be accessed through software or online platforms. Pantone, for example, offers digital color libraries that can be used for color selection and matching. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software: CAD software allows designers to create and manipulate digital color palettes and designs. It can assist in visualizing and selecting colors for textile products. Dye Dispensing Systems: Automated dye dispensing systems accurately measure and dispense dyes for textile production. These systems can be programmed to achieve precise color formulations. Color Matching Cabinets: Color matching cabinets provide controlled lighting conditions for visual color assessment. They are used to evaluate how colors appear under different lighting sources. Color Sensors and Cameras: Color sensors and cameras can capture and analyze colors in real-time during the manufacturing process, helping to ensure color consistency. Spectrocolorimeters: Spectrocolorimeters combine color measurement and imaging capabilities. They are used to measure and visually assess color samples simultaneously. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI-powered color matching systems can analyze and predict color formulations based on historical data and color trends, improving efficiency and accuracy. Online Color Matching Tools: Many textile companies and suppliers provide online color matching tools and services that allow customers to select and customize colors digitally. Digital Printing Technology: Digital textile printing technology allows for on-demand and highly customizable color printing, eliminating the need for traditional color cards. Color Apps and Mobile Tools: Mobile apps and tools are available for color selection and matching on smartphones and tablets. These can be useful for designers and manufacturers on the go. While color card threads remain a valuable reference, these alternative methods and technologies offer more precision, efficiency, and flexibility in color selection and matching processes in the textile industry. The choice of method depends on the specific needs and goals of the textile manufacturer or designer.


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- VIERA Link: Allows the interlinked operation of various AV devices--from DVD and Blu-ray Disc players to home theater sound systems to digital cameras and camcorders--using only the VIERA remote control by simply connecting the devices to each other by an HDMI cable (see pop-up illustration).
- VIERA Image Viewer: View full-HD images with the integrated SD card slot, enabling you to view JPEG photos captured from your digital camera or camcorder on the big screen. Navigate your images via an easy-to-use thumbnail display.
- In Plane Switching (IPS): The latest iteration of Panasonics IPS LCD panel features excellent light transmittance and a wide viewing angle. The wide 178-degree viewing angle--both horizontally and vertically--ensures clear images even when viewed from an angle. And the panel backlight's wide transmission aperture enhances the contrast between light and dark, improving motion-image response.


Virtually Painless Laser Hair Removal
Soprano Accord, with Alma’s proprietary SHR technology, is a revolutionary diode laser system for hair removal. It is the world’s first laser hair removal that is virtually painless.
Soprano Accord uses an 810 nm diode laser. Alma’s diode laser is the world’s best-selling laser hair removal technology, Combined with proprietary art SHR technology, Soprano Accord offers one of the safest and most effective laser hair removal solutions available, and is the only clinically proven method that is virtually painless.
- Virtually painless – The only clinically proven hair removal method that is virtually painless.
- Proven safety – for all skin types, including dark and tanned skin.
- Comfortable – gradual heating and contact cooling prevents pain for more comfortable treatments.
- Full coverage – In-Motion eliminates skipped spots for full coverage and dramatically improved treatment results.
- No downtime and no side effects


Hikvision is expanding the DarkFighter range of ultra-low-light surveillance cameras with the release of the DS-2DF8223I-AEL PTZ network camera. This cutting-edge camera utilizes Hikvision’s industry-leading, ultra-low-light MP lens and is designed specifically to capture sharp color and monochrome images in extreme, low-light conditions. The result is crystal-clear color images in conditions that would defeat conventional monochrome IP cameras and competing low-light cameras.
The DS-2DF8223I-AEL DarkFighter PTZ opens up new opportunities for 24-hour CCTV surveillance and is the ideal replacement for conventional IP network cameras. The incorporation of EIS (Electronic Image Stabilization), 120dB WDR and a plethora of Smart Detection technologies further improves image quality and operational convenience. The overall excellence of the camera has been recognised by the ISFEC Security & Fire Excellence Awards which has nominated the new DarkFighter PTZ as a finalist for “CCTV Camera Equipment of the Year”.
Award – winning low-light specifications
The DarkFighter camera features a large, two-megapixel, 1/1.9 inch progressive scan CMOS image sensor capable of capturing full color images down to 0.002 Lux and B/W to 0.0002 Lux. Together with a 120 dB WDR (wide dynamic range) and Hikvision’s 3D DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) technology, the camera is capable of streaming full HD 1920 x 1080 video at 30fps. IR distance of up to 200 metres is further supported to ensure image capturing in darkest environment.
The camera features a wide range of Smart detection features, including face detection, intrusion detection, line crossing detection and audio exception. These features, combined with smart tracking, which enables the camera to detect any progressively moving object and follow it within the camera’s area of coverage without fault, place the DarkFighter head and shoulders above other PTZ and IP cameras. Smart Defog and EIS (Electronic Image Stabilization) are further supported to improve image quality in challenging conditions.
High power optics
DarkFighter PTZ is fitted with a fast and powerful 23X optical zoom lens, which zooms from wide open to fully zoomed in less than five seconds. This high-power lens is capable of rotating endlessly through a full 360 degrees and tilting from -20 to 90 degrees and its ultra-low-light performance is augmented with infra-red capability over a range of 200 meters. In addition, up to 300 preset positions may be programmed and the new camera is also capable of combining up to 32 presets in up to 8 patrols. The DarkFighter PTZ will also scan up to 4 patterns and supports up to 24 ROI areas.
Multiple compression formats
MPEG4, MJPEG and H.264 video compression formats are supported and the camera features multiple H.264 compression profiles, allowing users to optimize bandwidth and storage without compromising image quality. With support for ONVIF, PSIA, and CGI standards, the new camera also offers quick and easy integration with other video surveillance equipment and systems.
The DS-2DF8223I-AEL DarkFighter PTZ is the latest member of the growing DarkFighter family of ultra-low-light CCTV cameras. It is fully protected by an integrated heater in the sturdy IP66 and vandal-proof housing, making it the perfect candidate for deployment in challenging outdoor environments both day and night down to temperatures as low as -40°C. High-PoE and 24VAC power supply are supported as well.
In addition, Hikvision also introduces another DarkFighter PTZ member — DS-2DF6223-AEL 2MP Smart PTZ Outdoor Network Camera for customer’s choice. This camera doesn’t feature IR capability, but shares all the other excellent functionalities of the DS-2DF8223I-AEL. For more information on the two products’ specification, please visit Hikvision at Intersec at stand SA-C11.


SPD Tunable Lighting
THOUSLITE owns more than 100 color and white LED library with different peak wavelength output, ranging from ultra violet, visible to near infrared. Meanwhile, THOUSLITE has the ability to select the LED combinations for different applications. THOUSLITE is experienced in LED heat management, LED electrical design, LED IC driver design, etc. Moreover, THOUSLITE is the expert in spectral power distribution and its corresponding light quality parameters calculation, colorimetry, photometry, measurement, etc. THOUSLITE is willing to provide the dedicated service in customerized consumer and industrial spectral tunable light solutions to satisfy customer requirements.


The COMPact Airborne Stabilization System (COMPASS) was developed under NASA SBIR funding to provide the remote sensing community with a tool to correct pushbroom image data for aircraft motion in real-time. COMPASS was designed to accommodate a wide variety of existing and future spectral sensor systems, and provides added value to these sensors: the end product (a geo-registered data set) can be produced at a higher quality, higher reliability, and in a shorter amount of time.
The system was successfully flown in July 2003, and is scheduled to be delivered to the customer at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in September of 2003. COMPASS coomprises the following:
- IMU/GPS with NovaSol Kalman Filter implementation
- Laptop Operator Interface, including mission planning software
- Navigation Software
- Motion Control Software
- Optical Gimbal
- Pilot Navigation Aid
- Complete specifications can be found on the products page
Conceptual application of COMPASS
Test flight. Left: RGB image from HSI data. Right: Recorded aircraft attitude.


IF YOU’RE A SURGEON WHO HESITATES TO USE 2 DIFFERENT lenses bilaterally for your cataract patients, you may want to rethink that strategy.
Mixing and matching lenses provides an excellent way to give your cataract patients clear vision at all distances, especially with the advanced presbyopia-correcting lenses coming on the market. It’s not too much to say that this is becoming the new normal.
In fact, you’re probably already mixing and matching lenses. For instance, if you place monofocal lenses, you’re likely not putting the same power lens in each eye. If you put a 19D monofocal lens in the left eye and a 20D monofocal lens in the right eye, the lenses are of different powers.
In this article, I’ll share the success I’ve had in mixing and matching intraocular lenses (IOLs), specifically using the TECNIS Symfony OptiBlue IOL from Johnson & Johnson Vision. I’ll discuss why this lens works so well, as well as patient selection.
Best of Both Worlds
Several years ago, when the first-generation presbyopia IOLs became available, surgeons didn’t mix and match lenses. Surgeons implanted the same lens in both eyes, and patients had to accept the vision that those lenses provided.
Now, surgeons have a wealth of options available, including multifocals, trifocals, bifocals, and extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) lenses. In my practice, my happiest patients are those for whom I’ve mixed and matched different lens technologies. Doing so provides them the best of both worlds in both vision quantity and quality.
Higher-add multifocals or multifocals mixed with EDOF technology, such as the TECNIS Synergy IOL, provide excellent quantity of vision. For near vision especially, the TECNIS Synergy can provide a “best-in-class” result, with patients routinely J one plus.
However, the patient might not have quality vision at every single focal point. When I have implanted the Synergy bilaterally, patients loved their intermediate and near vision, and most were pleased with their distance vision as well. However, some patients were less pleased with the quality of their distance vision, specifically with contrast and sharpness.
I’d had experience using the TECNIS Monofocal 1-Piece IOL (ZLB00), which is the previous-generation TECNIS multifocal +3.25D in the nondominant eye and the first-generation Symfony in the dominant eye, with good results. I had not had much luck with other brands of multifocals or trifocals on the market.
With the launch of the Symfony OptiBlue presbyopia-correcting IOL in September 2022, which is the next-generation EDOF lens, my ability to mix and match lenses increased further. Like the Synergy, the Symfony OptiBlue IOL uses InteliLight, which combines three J&J proprietary technologies (See Trio of Technologies).
By mixing and matching these two lenses, I give my patients the benefit of the overall quality of vision and the quality of distance vision of the Symfony OptiBlue, combined with the excellent near vision that the Synergy provides.
I also find the wider landing zone and wider sweet spot of the Symfony OptiBlue helpful. The Symfony OptiBlue, which also comes in a toric version, seems more tolerant of residual refractive error compared to the Synergy. With the Synergy, I find patients need to be very close to plano to experience the maximum benefit (See Symfony Specs).
Having implanted several hundred lenses using the Symfony OptiBlue in the dominant eye and the Synergy in the nondominant eye, I have seen remarkable results. I have not explanted any lenses, indicating high patient satisfaction.
Using the Symfony OptiBlue in the dominant eye and the Synergy in the nondominant eye suits the needs of just about all of my patients and has become my go-to solution. That’s the case especially for any patients who say they don’t want to wear reading glasses. By and large, most patients who are paying a premium for presbyopia-correcting IOLs don’t want to wear readers any of the time, so we try to reduce that as much as possible.
For example, imagine a myopic patient who is accustomed to excellent near vision without glasses. When time comes for cataract surgery, that patient may want really excellent near vision, say in the J one range. In that patient, mixing and matching the Symfony OptiBlue in the dominant eye and the Synergy in the nondominant eye can provide excellent results. This combination provides excellent distance and intermediate vision and very functional near vision.
- Optic diameter: 6.0 mm
- Overall diameter: 13.0 mm
- Center thickness: 0.7 mm (20.0 D)
- Powers: +5.0 D to +34.0 D in 0.5-D increments
- Material: UV-absorbing hydrophobic acrylic with violet-light filter
Source: Johnson & Johnson Vision
In contrast, some patients may want excellent distance vision and are willing to wear reading glasses some of the time. In that case, I may implant the Symfony OptiBlue in both eyes.
Patients who need excellent near vision for up-close tasks are also happy with this mix-and-match strategy. That includes patients who are voracious readers, needlepoint makers, and sewers and knitters.
Conversely, I tend to avoid using this solution with patients who need excellent night vision, such as those who earn a living driving at night. Even though patients can become accustomed to halo and glare after a few months, I avoid using a multifocal IOL for them. In these patients, I might consider using nondiffractive designs that provide minimal nighttime halo and glare.
Custom Lens Replacement
Besides cataract patients, I mix and match the Symfony OptiBlue and Synergy in my custom lens replacement patients. Specifically, the strategy works well in patients who want freedom from glasses but aren’t suitable candidates for laser vision correction. These are hyperopic patients who are in their 40s or 50s and have decent distance vision but notice that it’s starting to fade, and they have very poor near vision without reading glasses. These patients have been very happy with this solution.
TRIO OF TECHNOLOGIES
The TECNIS Symfony OptiBlue IOL is powered by InteliLight, a combination of 3 Johnson & Johnson Vision technologies: violet-light filter, echelette design, and achromatic technology. The technology was first introduced in the TECNIS Synergy IOL.
- Violet-light Filter: Blocks the shortest wavelengths of light that produce the most light scatter, helping to mitigate halo, glare, and starbursts, and minimizing visual disturbances when driving at night
- Echelette Design: Helps to reduce light scattering and halo intensity, making it easier to see digital devices
- Achromatic Technology: Corrects chromatic aberration for better contrast day and night and superior performance across every distance
Source: Johnson & Johnson Vision
Steps for Success
Prior to implanting lenses, my practice will perform a full tear film analysis with inflammatory markers. To ensure the patient has a clean macula, we perform a macular scan and a widefield Zeiss Clarus (Carl Zeiss Meditec) image on every workup.
Also, we perform topography and tomography to ensure that the astigmatism is regular. We use 2 different diagnostic devices to accurately determine the magnitude and meridian of the astigmatism. We avoid a mix-and-match solution with patients who do not have a regular astigmatism.
Finally, we strive to ensure that the patient will be happy with our solution from a psychological perspective. If a new patient is complaining bitterly about his or her first eye that was done by another doctor, yet it looks fine, and the complaints are out of proportion to what we see in the clinical exam, we expect this may not be a suitable patient for a multifocal lens.
Today, patients live in a near-vision world, relying constantly on digital devices, such as phones, tablets, and computers. As we care for cataract patients, we can restore their near vision, as well as provide excellent intermediate and distance vision. Combining the latest lens technologies provides a sound strategy for our cataract patients. ■


Celestron’s line of M2 spotting scopes offer consumers a way to enjoy higher-end optics from the company without paying exorbitant prices. The Regal 100ED brings all of the features of the other M2 scopes to the table but adds a lens diameter that offers greater light gathering abilities than either the 65 or 80mm versions. As a result, it provides some of the clearest images of birds, targets, and even limited astronomy viewings possible through this line while providing the level of quality construction and affordability that you would expect from Celestron.
The Celestron Regal 100ED possesses specs that in many ways match those of the other members of the M2 line. These features offer a look into what makes this line of spotting scopes such a desirable and well-reviewed set of scopes. At the same time, it offers a larger lens and better field of view that promises even better images for serious nature hobbyists to enjoy. Following are a few of its most important features:
• Diameter of objective lens: 100mm
• Optical coatings: Fully multi-coated
• Dimensions: 19.2in. X 4.8in. X 4.8in.
• Weight: 8.6 lb.
• Eye relief: 20mm
• Magnification: 22x-67x
• Angular field of view: 1.9-.9°
• Close focus: 26.2ft./8m
Celestron Regal M2 Spotting Scope Review
One of the most unique and useful features of each of the scopes in Celestron’s M2 line is the ED glass that the company uses in the objective lens. This glass, which stands for “extra low dispersion glass,” functions by limiting the extent to which light is scattered as it passes through the lens. The result is that the light remains focused, improving the sharpness and clarity of the images and cutting down on color distortion. The improved accuracy of the view lends itself to high-accuracy activities such as target shooting and bird watching. While ED glass is often available in more expensive scopes, its presence in the more affordable Celestron M2 scopes adds significant value and allows these scopes to produce images that mimic those provided by pricier viewing instruments.
The ED glass in the Celestron Regal 100ED stands up under actual usage by reviewers. They report that the images the scope provides exceed their expectations for a scope as inexpensive as the Celestron Regal is. They even report enjoying accurate views at up to several hundred yards. Even target shooters, whose hobby requires superior viewing abilities, report being satisfied by the Regal’s performance.
In addition to ED glass, the Regal 100ED’s optical abilities are enhanced by the use of full multi-coated optics. This term refers to the fact that all of the lenses in the spotting scope have been coated with several layers of substances that sharpen and focus the light as it passes through the lens. The result is that these coatings further cut down on distortion in the resulting images and contribute to their overall excellence.
In addition to strong optical performance, the Celestron Regal 100ED is defined by comfort and ease of use. Reviewers find that the scope cuts down on eye strain and allows them to enjoy their viewing adventures for long periods of time without discomfort. Part of the reason for this comfort is the 20mm eye relief, as well as the fact that the eyepiece is adjustable and the eyecup is comfortable once adjusted to the viewer’s satisfaction. In addition, the Regal 100ED comes with a tripod mount that offers versatility and choice in how the scope is mounted. The mount, which receives praise from reviewers, allows the scope to be attached to the tripod in any one of four ways in order to allow the viewer to choose the most comfortable and practical arrangement possible for their viewing session.
Finally, reviewers note that the Regal 100ED is sturdily constructed. Its magnesium alloy body allows for a lighter feel without compromising its strength. A limited lifetime warranty ensures that consumers can purchase the scope with the confidence that any issues they encounter will be speedily resolved. The result is a strong, high performing scope that will appeal to consumers who want to enjoy nature views, bird watching, target shooting, and other spotting activities on a budget.


An optical element that generates multiple output beams from a single input beam is referred to as a beam splitter. Let’s take a detailed guide on Beam Splitters.
The most basic of these types of elements is the plate beam splitter in which an input beam is split into two different beams. The two new beams are the transmitted and the reflected beams respectively and their directions are usually orthogonal to each other, although that will depend on the input beam’s angle of incidence. The input beam characteristics like beam size and divergence are retained in the two new beams.
Another type of beam splitter that is based on a different operating concept is the microlens array which consists of a series of small lenses, or lenslets, that share the same size and radius of curvature. An input beam is partitioned into many smaller beams that are brought to focus at the focal plane at each lenslet.
Another type of beam splitter that surpasses in versatility and efficacy both elements from above is the diffractive beam splitter. Unlike the previous beam splitter elements that work on the principle of light refraction, a diffractive beam splitter exploits the wave nature of light so the output transmission can be understood to be an interference effect.
In a diffractive beam splitter the input beam is turned into an array of multiple beams that can be arranged in any geometrical configuration. Each new beam shares the same characteristics of the input beam. Thus, the size and inherent divergence of the new beams is the same as the one from the input beam. Moreover, the angular orientation, or the spatial separation, among the new beams can be designed to any desired value.
Given all these remarkable features, a diffractive beam splitter finds applications in many industrial and academic fields. For instance, one of the extra beams generated by the beam splitter can be designed to be with very low power to be used for monitoring laser power in the system, avoiding having to measure power directly on the processing beam. Another totally different application can be found in aesthetic treatments in which a multi spot diffractive beam splitter generates a closely packed array of beams at the focal plane of a medical laser. Once on the patient’s skin, this irradiance pattern results on a larger area and, even more important, on a more efficient healing process. This stems from the presence of the gaps among the many spots that facilitate epidermal cell migration.


Winkel w127 Desk Lamp by Dirk Winkel for Wästberg
Berlin-based designer Dirk Winkel has created the Winkel w127 desk lamp for Swedish lighting company Wästberg. The slim desk lamp is manufactured of solid fiberglass reinforced bio-polyamide and it is recyclable. The mechanism used in the lamp body to adjust the height and direction of the light is based on micro gas springs which are widely used in the automobile and electronics industry and have lifespan of more than 50,000 compressions and give exceptionally good movement patterns.
Here is a description from the producer, “The shade is adjustable for universal direction of the light. The light technology is based on a highly energy-efficient multichip LED solution. This consists of a cluster of diodes instead of several separate diodes. By using multichip LED, so called multi-shadows are avoided and a very even light pattern is achieved. The diode is cooled efficiently with an advanced cooling construction. The fixture is equipped with both a reflector and a diffuser lens, to give optimal light distribution and light quality. In addition, there is a glare protection system to minimize both direct and indirect glare. Winkel w127 is equipped with a seamless dimmer that is operated by an IR-switch; a built-in timer automatically turns the lamp off after five hours. Winkel w127 is available with base, clamp or pin.”
Image Courtesy: Wästberg


The Panasonic LUMIX G VARIO 35-100mm f/4.0-5.6 ASPH. MEGA O.I.S. zoom lens, designed for Micro Four Thirds cameras, packs a ton of quality into a small, jewell-like package.
The optic weighs a mere 4.76 ounces and is measures a svelte 2.19" x 1.97" (DxL). Yet, its effective focal length is 70mm-200mm, perfect for outdoor field work. When mounted on Panasonic mirrorless cameras, the optic's built-in image stabilization is rated at 3 stops.
On Olympus bodies, photographers have the option of using sensor-based stabilization or optical MEGA O.I.S. They can switch to optical in the "gear" menu > "C" Release > Lens I.S. Priority. Since the optical stabilizer is quieter than the sensor-based alternative, there may be situations where Olympus owners want to take advantage of this feature.
The Panasonic lens maintains its compact size by retracting. To use it, twist to the right to move it into zooming position. The nicely-damped zooming ring keeps the barrel in place regardless of shooting position. The manual focusing ring also feels good. Like the image stabilization, switching to manual focus happens in the camera's menu. There are no switches on the lens itself.
Outdoors, focusing is fast and accurate. Indoors, the lens may hunt for a second or two before confirmation. This highlights the fact that the Panasonic 35-100mm f/4-5.6 is an outdoor lens. Its maximum aperture and focusing capability will not satisfy the indoor, existing light photographer. Outside, however, the optic is a joy to use.
Image quality is excellent edge to edge, with slightly better performance in the center. Distortion and chromatic aberration are also well-controled, a surprising performance for such a compact, affordable zoom.
The Panasonic 35-100mm f/4.0-5.6 zoom lens was released in late October for $397. It's styled to compliment the Panasonic GM line of mirrorless bodies. But it looks great on the Olympus cameras too. Its metal barrel construction and mount feel solid, and the swift focusing via the stepping motor inspire confidence. The optical performance is very satisfying.
Bottom line: I love this lens. It's a quality optic that's easy to carry with me. My prediction is that I'll be capturing beautiful images with it for a very long time.
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Dimmable Performance LED JDR type 6W equivalent to 35W (watts), 12V AC (volt) flood bulb/lamp, GX5.3 bi-pin
base, with clear cover glass. Replacement for ceiling fish eye lighting fixtures, outdoor security lighting, track lighting, etc. Measures 2 inches
across reflector diameter. Save $96 on energy cost over lifetime of Performance LED bulb. Lighting Facts
Average bulb life 30,000 hours, estimated life at 3 hours per is 27.4 years. MR16 bulb shape, fully dimmable to 5%, 300 lumens, reflector similar to aluminum, no light leaks out the back, GX5.3 base, JDR type, MOL (length) 2-1/8", diameter 2", color temperature 3000K (soft white), beam angle 38. This bulb is up to 90% more efficient than incandescent or halogen, environmentally friendly (100% mercury free), solid state technology withstands shock and vibration, relatively cool running (less energy lost as heat), lights up instantly, immediate full brightness, no ultraviolet/no infrared - safe for artwork, capable of rapid cycling (unaffected by frequent on/off switching). Feit Electric high quality certified manufacturer. Manufacturer warranty 2 years.
Feit Electric DIMMABLE PERFORMANCE LED Bulbs use ocular lenses to harness the output of high power Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The light output is comparable to incandescent and halogen products and can be used for both distance and close-range
directional light. What makes these special is that they achieve their brightness with up to 78% less energy than the bulbs they replace, and they last up to 30,000 hours. They are RoHS compliant and 100% mercury free. Additional benefits include no UV or infrared emissions, relatively cool running performance, ability to withstand vibration (no filament), no warm-up
time or waiting to turn on and no detrimental effects from rapid cycling on and off. They can also be used in motion lights and photo cells. Replacement cross-reference:
EXN/DM/LED, (replaces CFL bulb BPESLEXN) Only 5 left!


On-camera LED light
|Lamp type:||Single LED module|
|Colour temperature:||5600K & 3200K|
|Light beam:||300 Lux ÷ 200 Lux (at 1mt)|
28fc ÷ 19fc (at 3´)
|Mount type:||Hot shoe Mount|
|Power source:||9V to 30V|
|Power consumption:||6W to 4W|
|Weight:||540g including barndoors and filters|
Blueshape CYKLOPS is an LED on-camera light.
It features an innovative single high-power LED, dimmable and capable of producing over 300 Lux.
Designed for broadcast camcorders - works from 9.0V to 30V.
Dimmable power: 300 Lux ÷ 200 Lux (28fc ÷ 19fc).
5600K native colour temperature, adjustable with the included filter to 3200K.
2-leaf barndoors are included to adjust the light beam.
60° light angle.
Power tap connector.
Small and light (540g, including barndoors and filters).
Very low power consumption, 6W (high power) to 4W (low power).
Double-jointed bracket for optimal positioning.


Optical fibers are thin waveguides made of glass and are used for transportation of light. Widely used in the telecommunication industry, in the 1980s they started to be used in astronomy to couple light from the telescope focus to highly specialized and sophisticated instruments located elsewhere, eg. in the observatory basement (Heacox 1986).
Fibers typically have three layers, the core, cladding and buffer (Figure 1).Fibers and operate on the principle of total internal reflection (TIR) : the core and cladding are made from glass, and the refractive index of the core is higher than that of the cladding to enable TIR. The role of the buffer, on the other hand, is to provide protection to these fragile glass strands.
Figure 1 : Optical fiber layout
For an extreme RV precision instrument like NEID, optical fibers offer various advantages, some of these are : –
- By decoupling the instrument from the telescope focus, they allow for the instrument to be quite heavy and sophisticated (NEID weighs about a couple metric tons!) . Further, it allows the instrument to be housed in the basement of the WIYN telescope in a room with temperature control to the level of 1 degree Celsius or better.
Figure 2 : WIYN basement showing the location of NEID, the laser frequency comb and the electronics rack/s.
- Having the instrument in the basement also means a near constant gravitational vector for the instrument. An instrument at the Cassegrain focus of the telescope would move constantly as the telescope tracks the target. This is important to prevent a variable sag or bending of the optics or mounts in the instrument.
- The fiber provides a degree of scrambling for the light. This means that illumination at the output end of the fiber is less sensitive to the the location of the star on the input face. This is important to average over any illumination changes or guiding errors of the telescope (See Halverson & Roy et al. 2015).
NEID Fiber Train
Shown below is the entire fiber train for NEID. Here, we shall go over some of the components.
Figure 3 : Overview of the NEID fiber train
Fiber puck and polishing
NEID has two different operating modes, High Resolution (HR) for the brighter targets for maximum RV precision, and High Efficiency (HE) for the fainter targets, with higher throughput. To enable this, the HR mode has smaller fibers (64 micron core) while the HE mode fibers are bigger with ~100 micron cores to allow for higher efficiency.
For the HR mode we have three fibers – Sky, Science and Calibration ; whereas the HE mode has only Science and Sky (bigger fibers take up more detector real estate). The Science fiber, of course, is where the stellar light enters the instrument. The Calibration fiber in the HR mode is used for simultaneous wavelength calibration of the stellar spectrum. The Sky fiber is used for a variety of telluric corrections.
This combination of HE and HR mode fibers are inserted into a fused silica puck manufactured by Femtoprint using a combination of a femtosecond laser and hydrogen fluoride etching. This is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 : F. Silica puck from Femtoprint. It shows the 5 bore holes for the 3 HR and 2 HE fibers, along with their conical inserts to ease the process of fiber insertion.
After inserting the fibers in the puck they are epoxi-ed into place using Epotek 301 – 2; once this epoxy dries, we polish the puck. For the polishing we use a custom made polishing jig which attaches the puck shown above to the polishing arm on the table. It then moves in a ‘figure of 8’ pattern to polish the fiber. To do this we start with a coarse 60 um grit, and progressively move to smoother grits as 12, 5, 3, 1, 0.3 um grits of silicon carbide, aluminium oxide and diamond.
Figure 5 : Video clip showing the polishing mechanism
Once we polish the puck, and grind away all the epoxy, the resultant puck looks like shown below in Figure 6. We need to get a good surface smoothness to prevent FRD deterioration from roughness on the end surface of the fiber.
Further for NEID we plan to stick a plano – convex lens onto this polished puck surface as part of the input optics focal ratio changer, and to protect the fiber surface from damage.
Figure 6 : Polished NEID puck
The fiber that goes inside the instrument in this puck is circular. However, the rest of the fiber train is octagonal. Therefore we splice the circular fiber on to the octagonal fiber face, which basically means fusing them together.
To do this, we first strip away the polyimide buffer shown in Figure 1. We do this using a 3SAE plasma arc fiber stripper. This creates a plasma arc between three electrodes located 120 degrees apart. The fiber is placed between them and slowly gets stripped off of its buffer. Shown in Figure 7 is the fiber being stripper for the HPF fiber.
Figure 7 : Clip showing an HPF fiber being stripped
After this we use a diamond blade cleaver to cleave (cut) the stripped fiber. The stripped fiber has about a 4 -5 mm patch of exposed fiber (only core and cladding). This is then spliced on to the patch of fiber using a device similar to the stripper – it uses three electrodes to create a plasma arc which fuses the two ends together. Below in Figure 8 is shown a test fiber after being spliced. Figure 9 shows the spliced HPF fibers in a splice sleeve and heat shrink tubing to protect the splice.
Figure 8 : Splice test for NEID fibers
Figure 9 : Splice protection for the HPF fibers. NEID fibers will be similar
Modal Noise Agitator
The optical fibers being used for HPF and NEID are multi-mode, and hence support a finite number of modes. Hence the light emerging from the fiber contains an interference pattern between the many modes traversing across the fiber. This is called modal noise, or “speckle noise”. For big fibers, there are enough modes that the statistical variation in the change in energy distribution of modes is insignificant. However, in the presence of smaller fibers as in NEID, or the use of slits or fiber slicing, modal noise needs to be mitigated for the measurement of precise radial velocities.
The HPF science and sky fibers are agitated using the device shown below; whereas for the calibration fiber we use a combination of a mechanical agitator and an integrating sphere. This is because the problem gets exacerbated for the calibration fiber which uses the laser frequency comb – a highly coherent light source.
For an introduction to understand Modal Noise, refer to – Baudrand and Walker 2001, McCoy et al. 2012, Mahadevan et al. 2014.
Figure 10 : Clip showing the fiber agitator for HPF. NEID will use a similar one.
Double Scrambler – Ball Lens
Fibers provide some degree of scrambling the spatial location of the input spot (Heacox 1986), however for precision RV application, this needs to be improved by many orders of magnitude. For HPF and NEID we use the ball lens described in Halverson & Roy et al. 2015. Basically, our scrambler is a simple ball lens with refractive index ~ 2, which exchanges the far and near field of the fiber. The two ends of the fibers are placed inside a v – groove block (as shown in Figure 11), and butt coupled to the ball lens which is in the middle.
This ball lens is based on the double scrambler concept proposed early in the days of fiber-fed spectroscopy by Hunter and Ramsey (1992) at Penn State!
Figure 11 : Showing the ball lens setup during prototyping. Figure Credit : Halverson 2015
Figure 12 shows how the scrambling performance improves for an octagonal fiber over a circular, further the gains for the double scrambler, and for the spliced system.
Figure 12 : Showing the scrambling gain.
The top panel shows the input face of the test fiber. Whereas the bottom one shows the near field. Figure Credit : Halverson 2015.
This entire system forms the instrument optical fiber package. There are some additional systems involved for the acquisition camera as well as the exposure meter, which are not discussed here. Essential to ‘carry’ the photons from the telescope or calibration sources into the instrument, the fibers are like the circulatory system of the instrument! (In this analogy, the electronic system is perhaps the nervous system, communicating information from the sensors and heater to the system computer.)


St. Louis Cardinals fans are given one more reason to celebrate the 2019 home opener against the San Diego Padres at Busch Stadium.
The Cards are lighting it up in 2019, giving fans a new visual experience when playing on home turf.
“We are told that this will be the best outdoor lighting facility in professional sports,” said Joe Abernathy, Vice President of Facility Planning and Engineering for the St. Louis Cardinals.
Eyes have been opened to the advantages of state-of-the-art LED lights. Busch Stadium is now one of 18 Major League Baseball stadiums with LED lighting technology.
The St. Louis Cardinals partnered with PLANLEDTM to install the lighting system. Abernathy said it has the highest, true-to-life color rendering in an outdoor sports venue.
“Increasing the quality and intensity of our light by about 25%,” said Abernathy.
“We are going to have a color rendering index of 90% which has never been done at an outdoor facility.”
The system provides 90% of the quality of natural light that allows uniformity by reducing shadows and glare. Whether fans are watching the game in stadium seats or from home, the lights are expected to improve the visual experience.
“You may see the ball better. You’ll see the colors much better,” said Abernathy. “With this 500k light that the LED system will put out, reds will pop out brighter and greens will be greener.”
He said the advanced nature of the LED lights improves broadcast quality for viewers at home since the system is HD compatible and 4K ready. Ultra-slow motion replays will no longer have the light flickering.
Abernathy detailed some of the advantages for players on the field.
“Certainly from a scientific standpoint, we met all the test requirements,” he said. “The glare is under control, which is one of the key things when it comes to providing brightness. With the 680 light fixtures, we can provide different angels of aiming and that becomes the key to controlling glare to make sure you’re not shining directly into a player’s eye from a location from which he might be seeing the ball.”
The new LED lighting technology also reduces operating and energy costs.
“Tens of thousands of dollars every year is what it’s going to save,” Abernathy explained.
The system is designed to have a life expectancy of 30 years with at least a 50% reduction in the energy required to operate the field lights.
“We won’t have to get up there every year and replace them. In fact, this particular system has a 20 year warrantee,” Abernathy said. “I won’t have to replace lights, they tell me, for as long as 30 years.”
The system is also capable of producing theatrical lighting effects and themes that can be programmed for home run celebrations and other special events.


A high quality fiber optic installation starts with the connectors. Clean connections give you faster transmission rates, higher bandwidth and maintenance-free operation. Fiber optic kits include all the tools you need to achieve clear connections.
FOCCUS™ brand products from Chemtronics give you the tools you need to quickly clean connectors and ports. Patented technology and proprietary Combination Cleaning™ process give you clean connections the first time, every time.
Compact Cleaning Kits
The fiber optic cleaning kit designed for insertion into test equipment, or placed on site for convenience
Fiber Optic Construction Kit
The Fiber Optic Construction Kit for end face cleaning and fusion splice prep
Fusion Splice Prep and Equipment Maintenance Kit
Highly effective on single and mass splices. Essential for proper equipment maintenance.
Universal Fiber Optic End Face Cleaning Kit
Universal Fiber Optic End Face Cleaning Kits for cleaning all FTTx connections
Cleans all existing end face and back plain configurations. Telco, CATV, Enterprise, ITS, Contractors.
Transportable I & M Fiber Optic Cleaning Kit
Transportable fiber optic installation and maintenance cleaning kits for 2.5mm connections


Step into a world where vision is not just seen but experienced—welcome to KUGO, where our lenses are meticulously crafted to align with human origins and natural circadian rhythms. Each variant serves a unique purpose, ensuring that your eyes receive the care they deserve.
KUGO 400: Clear Vision, Complete Protection
Embracing the essence of simplicity, KUGO 400 lenses offer crystal-clear vision while blocking 100% of UV light under 400nm. Designed for those relying on diopters, these lenses provide basic yet essential protection throughout the day, safeguarding your eyes with every glance.
KUGO 450: Navigating the Digital Era
In a world dominated by screens, KUGO 450 lenses emerge as the ultimate guardians. With a yellow tint, they reduce 80% of blue light up to 450nm-460nm, addressing the harmful blue light emitted by digital devices. Revolutionize your daily routine with these lenses, offering unparalleled protection for work, gaming, or watching—unleashing a positive impact on lives worldwide.
KUGO 550: Redefining Restful Nights
Introducing the game-changer for bedtime rituals, KUGO 550 lenses. With a calming red tint, these lenses block 100% of blue and green light up to 550nm. Wearing them 2-3 hours before bedtime induces instant sleep by supporting melatonin production, even in the digital age. Ensure a tranquil night's sleep with these must-have lenses, redefining the way you rest in the era of digital illumination.
Beyond the spectrum of vision, our lenses are engineered with cutting-edge properties that redefine eyewear standards. Explore the seamless fusion of clarity, durability, and protection in every pair of KUGO lenses. All of our lenses are produced with HMC (Hard Multi-Coating) technology that secures:
Elevate your eyewear experience with KUGO's scratch-resistant lenses. Crafted to withstand everyday wear and tear, these lenses ensure that your vision remains crystal clear, free from the distracting blemishes of scratches.
Unveil the power of non-stick materials in KUGO lenses, repelling dirt and grime effortlessly. Enjoy lenses that stay clean and clear, even in the midst of life's everyday adventures.
The hard coating makes the lenses easier to clean by preventing dirt, smudges, and fingerprints from adhering to the surface. This feature contributes to clearer vision and a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Rain or shine, KUGO lenses have you covered. Our lenses boast an applied water-repellent layer, ensuring that water beads off effortlessly. Face the elements with confidence, knowing your vision is shielded by technology designed for the real world.
Bid farewell to distracting reflections with KUGO's antireflex properties on both sides of the lenses. Whether under bright lights or in low-light conditions, enjoy optimal vision without the interference of glare, enhancing your visual experience to the fullest.
Extended Lens Lifespan:
With increased resistance to scratches and other forms of wear, HMC-coated lenses tend to have a longer lifespan compared to untreated lenses. This makes them a durable and cost-effective choice for eyeglass wearers.
Enhanced Visual Comfort:
The anti-reflective properties of HMC coatings not only improve the cosmetic appearance of the lenses but also reduce reflections and glare, providing enhanced visual comfort, especially in challenging lighting conditions.
Immerse yourself in a digital world without compromising eye health. KUGO lenses feature a potent blue light filter, creating an impermeable barrier against the harmful effects of artificial light emitted by screens. Experience enhanced visual comfort without sacrificing your well-being
We understand that eyewear is not just about seeing—it's about seeing clearly, comfortably, and confidently. Our lenses redefine expectations by seamlessly integrating scratch resistance, dirt repellency, blue light filtration, water repellency, and antireflective brilliance.
We recognize the significance of harmonizing eyewear with the human experience. Our revolutionary lens collection goes beyond mere functionality; it aligns with your lifestyle, providing comprehensive protection tailored to your needs. Embrace clarity, embrace KUGO—where each lens variant is a testament to our commitment to your visual well-being.
Shop at our store today and embark on a journey of visual clarity with KUGO.


Hyperspectral Imaging is a remote sensing method in which spectral information is used to identify Objects Of Interest (OOI).
Hyperspectral means: The spectral resolution of captured data goes far beyond RGB and the human eye. As a result, very precise object detection and classification can be automatically performed. This already has wide applications from airborne platforms.
We have developed and patented a system for Underwater Hyperspectral Imaging (UHI), in which statistical methods are employed to correct for the inherent optical properties of the seawater column.
Our UHI is an underwater push-broom scanner pointed perpendicular (90°) towards the sea floor and towed by an ROV, along with a rig of external lights. Reflectance data are recorded in lines perpendicular to the ROV’s travelling direction, as the light bounces back from the seabed and hits the scanner.
Reflectance data are noise-filtered, enhanced and geo-corrected to produce hyperspectral maps.
Using a library of spectral fingerprints, we can then identify OOI and automatically map large seafloor areas to reveal their coverage and distribution.
UHI reflectance data are processed into hyperspectral images. Above, a particular benthic species is detected and highlighted to show its distribution.
Requirements for detailed habitat- and organism mapping are continuously tightened. An important goal is to monitor changes to the conditions of certain species and habitats over time; to assess biological impact of subsea operations and develop more viable and environment-friendly procedures.
Compared to current methods, Ecotone UHI represents a time-saving and cost effective solution to these concerns. It is also more precise, and does not depend on the subjective considerations of each individual operator.
Questions or suggestions about Ecotone UHI or related technology?
Talk to us! Call, email or use the contact form at the bottom of this page.


Sight Glass: Transparent Inspection Windows for Industrial and Commercial Processes
Sight glass is a transparent window commonly used in industrial and commercial applications to allow for visual inspection of the contents of a vessel or process. It is typically made of soda lime glass, an extremely common kind of glass due to its affordability, durability, and resistance to thermal shock.
Soda-lime glass is made by melting silica, soda ash, and limestone at high temperatures. The resulting glass is relatively soft and can be easily shaped and formed into various shapes and sizes.
Insight into the Uses of Sight Glass in Industrial and Commercial Applications
Sight glass is used in a variety of industries for a range of applications. In the chemical processing industry, sight glass monitors the flow of chemicals and reactions. Sight glass is commonly used in chemical reactors, distillation columns, and storage tanks.
Sight glass is also used in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems to monitor refrigerant flow. It allows technicians to visually inspect the system to check for leaks and ensure the refrigerant flows properly.
Soda lime glass is also essential in industries where quality control is critical, such as the food and beverage industry. Soda lime sight glass can also help improve the efficiency of a process by allowing operators to identify and correct any issues that may arise quickly. This can help reduce downtime, increase productivity, and save money in the long run.
Chemical Processing: Sight glass is widely used in the chemical processing industry to monitor the flow of chemicals and reactions within the process. It allows operators to visually inspect the process without exposing themselves to hazardous chemicals. Sight glass is commonly used in chemical reactors, distillation columns, and storage tanks.
Food and Beverage: Sight glass is used extensively in the food and beverage industry to visually inspect and monitor the flow of liquids and gases within the process. It is commonly used in the dairy, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries. The food and beverage sector is subject to strict regulation, And sight glass helps ensure the products are safe and meet the necessary quality standards.
HVAC Systems: Sight glass is used in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems to monitor refrigerant flow. It allows technicians to visually inspect the system to check for leaks and ensure the refrigerant flows properly.
Power Generation: Sight glass is used in power generation plants to monitor the flow of steam, water, and other fluids within the system. It allows operators to visually inspect the process and detect any issues that may arise before they become major problems.
Oil and Gas: Sight glass is extensively used in the oil and gas industry to monitor the flow of oil, gas, and other fluids within the system. It is commonly used in pipelines, storage tanks, and offshore platforms.
Sight glass is used in industrial manufacturing to monitor the flow of fluids and gases. It allows operators to visually inspect the process and ensure everything runs smoothly and efficiently.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Sight glass is used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry to inspect and monitor the flow of liquids and gases visually. It is frequently employed in the production of medications and vaccines.
Water Treatment: Sight glass is used in water treatment plants to monitor water flow and chemicals within the process. It allows operators to visually inspect the process and detect any issues that may arise before they become major problems.
Clear Advantages: Benefits of Using Sight Glass in Industrial and Commercial Applications
Enhanced Safety: One of the primary benefits of using sight glass is enhanced safety. By allowing operators to inspect the contents of a vessel or process visually, sight glass can help identify any potential issues that may pose a safety risk. It allows operators to detect leaks, pressure buildups, or other hazards.
Improved Efficiency: Sight glass can also help improve efficiency in the process. By visually inspecting the process, operators can quickly identify any problems and take appropriate action. This could increase production and cut down on downtime.
Cost-Effective: Sight glass is a cost-effective tool that requires minimal maintenance. Unlike other inspection tools that require complex mechanisms, sight glass is simple and easy to maintain. Its durability makes it an economical option to withstand the harsh industrial environment.
Versatility: Sight glass can be customized to suit specific requirements in different applications. It can be designed in various sizes, shapes, and materials to meet specific process requirements.
Sight glass is a reliable tool that provides a clear view of the process. It is resistant to chemicals and high-temperature environments, making it an ideal tool for harsh industrial applications.
Compliance with Standards: Sight glass is essential in a number of sectors, including the processing of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverages. These industries are heavily regulated, and sight glass helps to comply with safety and quality standards.
Ease of Installation: Sight glass is easy to install and can be retrofitted to existing systems. It requires minimal modification to the system, making it a convenient option that can be installed quickly.
In conclusion, sight glass is an important tool in various industrial and commercial applications. It is a simple, cost-effective, and reliable way to visually inspect processes, identify potential hazards, and ensure safety and quality standards compliance. Sight glass offers enhanced safety, improved efficiency, and versatility, making it essential in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and chemical processing. Its ease of installation and minimal maintenance requirements make it a convenient option that can be quickly retrofitted to existing systems. Overall, the benefits of sight glass make it a valuable investment for any industry where visibility into a process is critical.
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In recent years, laser technology has made significant strides, offering safer and more efficient solutions across various industries. From healthcare to manufacturing, the advantages of safe laser technology are becoming increasingly apparent. One such advancement is the emergence of safe laser systems, which boast several key benefits over traditional laser devices. Let’s delve into the advantages of safe laser technology and its transformative impact on diverse fields.
Enhanced Safety Measures: Safety is paramount when it comes to laser technology. Safe laser systems incorporate advanced safety features to mitigate potential hazards associated with laser use. These measures include automatic shutdown mechanisms, controlled emission parameters, and built-in sensors to detect and prevent accidental exposure. By prioritizing safety, these systems minimize the risk of injury to operators and bystanders, ensuring a secure working environment.
Precision and Accuracy: Safe laser technology offers unparalleled precision and accuracy, making it indispensable in applications requiring fine-tuned control. Whether in medical procedures, such as laser eye surgery or dermatological treatments, or industrial processes like micro-machining and circuit board manufacturing, the ability to precisely target specific areas with minimal collateral damage is a significant advantage. This precision enhances efficiency, reduces material wastage, and improves overall outcomes.
Versatility and Adaptability: Safe laser systems are versatile tools suitable for a wide range of applications. They can be tailored to meet the specific requirements of various industries, from intricate surgical procedures to high-precision manufacturing tasks. Moreover, advancements in laser technology have led to the development of multi-functional systems capable of performing different functions without the need for extensive reconfiguration. This versatility streamlines operations and maximizes productivity across diverse fields.
Non-Invasive Nature: In medical and cosmetic procedures, safe laser technology offers non-invasive alternatives to traditional surgical methods. Techniques such as laser therapy, skin rejuvenation, and tattoo removal utilize precise laser beams to target tissues without causing significant damage to surrounding areas. This non-invasive approach reduces patient discomfort, accelerates recovery times, and minimizes the risk of complications, making it an attractive option for both patients and practitioners.
Environmental Friendliness: Safe laser systems are designed with environmental considerations in mind. Unlike conventional methods that may involve harmful chemicals or produce hazardous by-products, laser technology offers a cleaner and more sustainable solution.https://lezermindenkinek.hu/ By harnessing the power of light energy, these systems minimize waste generation, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, contributing to eco-friendly practices and environmental conservation efforts.
Cost-Efficiency: While the initial investment in safe laser technology may seem significant, its long-term benefits outweigh the costs. By optimizing processes, reducing downtime, and enhancing productivity, safe laser systems offer a compelling return on investment. Moreover, the durability and reliability of these systems minimize maintenance expenses and downtime, resulting in lower operational costs over their lifespan.
Innovation and Advancement: The field of safe laser technology is continually evolving, driven by ongoing research and technological advancements. New materials, techniques, and applications are constantly being developed, expanding the capabilities and possibilities of laser technology. As innovations continue to emerge, safe laser systems will play a crucial role in shaping the future of various industries, unlocking new opportunities and driving progress.
In conclusion, the advantages of safe laser technology are evident across multiple domains, from healthcare and manufacturing to research and beyond. With its emphasis on safety, precision, versatility, and sustainability, safe laser systems are revolutionizing processes, improving outcomes, and paving the way for innovative solutions. As technology continues to evolve, safe laser technology will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of progress, offering safer, more efficient, and more sustainable alternatives to traditional methods.


Imagine a focused laser beam that can evaporate rocks on a far-away planet. The stuff of science fiction, right?
Well, not if you’re a NASA scientist working on the newest martian rover being built at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
A full-scale model of the rover, about the size of a compact SUV, is on display at Seattle’s Museum of Flight from May 4 until May 31.
The rover, named “Curiosity” by a sixth-grader from Kansas, features a robotic arm that can drill into martian rocks to study the geology of the red planet. It also has a powerful laser on its camera mast that can send pulses of light intense enough to vaporize rocks, allowing other instruments to analyze the rocks’ spectroscopy and make-up. And just last week it was announced that sci-fi movie director James Cameron – most recently known for 3D hit “Avatar” – and his team will develop a 3D camera that will beam an unparalleled view of a real-life alien planet back to Earth.
The rover, too heavy for an airbag landing like its predecessor, will be lowered to the surface of the planet by a sky crane, basically a rocket-powered helicopter. The craft will hover over the planet as it lowers the rover on cables, explained Ron Hobbs of the Museum of Flight.
It is a complex system that NASA hopes will be as successful as its previous martian rovers.
“The first test of the entire system will be on landing day,” said Hobbs.


Getting Started with Light
Use the Ambient Light sensor to investigate the light around you.
1. Find the Light icon and press to open the Ambient Light sensor.
2. Your phone has a light sensor—can you find it?
It’s usually located on the front face of the phone near the top. Try slowly moving your finger across the phone while you watch the sensor card on Science Journal. The sensor card is measuring lux, a unit of illumination. When the sensor card reading is close to 0 lux, you’re covering the sensor.
3. Move your hand near and far from the sensor.
What do you notice? Make observations in both meter and graph modes.
4. Investigate the light in your environment. If you’re inside, explore all corners of the room:
How do artificial light sources compare to natural light from a window? What happens near a wall, under a table? Where do you find the lowest reading? Where do you find the highest reading? What happens if you place the light sensor at different angles to the light source? Does tilting the phone make a difference?
If you’re outside, explore the natural light from the sun and the different shadows it creates.
What’s Going On?
The ambient light sensor measures light in lux, a measure of illumination that depends on the amount of incoming light and the area over which it is spread.
A full moon provides about 1 lux of illumination, a typical lamp-lit living room about 50 lux, classroom lighting and sunrise and sunset about 400 lux, daylight (indirect sun) over 10,000 lux, and direct sun over 30,000 lux.
Lux is an unfamiliar unit for most of us. When we buy lightbulbs, we often shop by watts—but the wattage of a bulb doesn’t tell you how bright a bulb is, only how much energy it uses. Lumens are a better measure for light shopping; they tell you how much light a bulb will actually produce. Lux, meanwhile, tells you how much of that light arrives at a particular area.
Since light spreads out as it travels, the number of lux dwindles as you back away from a light source, even though the source is still emitting the same amount of light in lumens. An area that is tilted away from a light sources also receives less illumination—which happens to be why the equatorial regions here on Earth are so much warmer than the chilly poles.
By the way, the purpose of the light sensor in your phone is to control the light level of the screen, adjusting accordingly to dim and bright environments. Inside the light sensor, a tiny semiconductor responds to incoming light by producing a small but measurable electrical current—a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. Similar sensors are used in some streetlights to turn them on when it gets dark outside.
Here are a few of the many experiments you can do with your light sensor.
Experiment with light from different sources (incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED bulbs), or with light reflecting off of opaque surfaces and traveling through translucent and transparent materials.
Multiple light sources shining on a single object will create multiple shadows—an umbra or total shadow where all the light is blocked, and a penumbra or partial shadow where one source is blocked and another source fills in. How do the light measurements in the various shadows compare?
Make observations over a longer period of time: What happens if you record the natural light, either through a window or outdoors, in the same place at the same time every day? How does the light change over the course of an hour? A day? A week? A month? A year?
For maximum efficiency, solar panels must be tilted at an angle to maximize their illumination by the sun over the course of the day. Can you use the light sensor to determine exactly what this angle would be for your location? Would your result be different at a different time of year?
If your light meter is maxing out in full sun, try putting sunglasses or another light filter in front of the light meter.
Put a single point source of light in a darkened room and measure the illumination at various distances from the light. (A candle makes a good point source, as does a Mini MagliteTM if you unscrew the cap so the small halogen bulb is exposed.) How does doubling or tripling the distance affect the measurement?Light obeys a mathematical relationship known as the inverse square law —as your distance from the source increases, the amount of light arriving at an area decreases in proportion to the square of the distance. Mathematically, the relationship is expressed as 1/r2, where r is the distance from the source. Not just light, but sound, gravity, electric force, and even spray paint obey the inverse square law. Do your measurements seem to confirm the law?


Recess Mounted 15mm Aluminium LED Profile (Extrusion) For All Types Of LED Tape
Now Available in a 1m or a 2m long length (2m long lengths will take 2 working days to be delivered)
Our surface mounted aluminium LED profile can be used to house any of our LED Tapes. A LED Profile helps to keep our LED Tape safe and out of the way. Free from moisture and free from dust. It also gives the LED Tape a more professional touch.
We supply all of our extrusions in a 1m or 2m long length which is easily cuttable using a hacksaw or other types of cutting equipment (Therefore the price displayed is per metre). The LED Profile is supplied complete with a frosted cover.
For customers who require longer lengths than 2m, you can simply just butt them up to one and other up to what length you require. Installation is designed to be as simple as possible.
The LED Profile is 15mm deep, 17.5mm wide. Please note, the product does not include the LED Light shown in image below/above. This is sold separately
End Caps are also available to seal the ends once installed.
|Brand||SLG Lighting Ltd.|
|IP Rating||IP 20|
|Length||1m or 2m|
|Width||25mm (incl lip)|
|Number of Bulbs||No|
|How Many Lights?||No|


Fluorescence imaging technology has broad application prospects in basic biomedical research and clinical diagnostic testing. Near-infrared zone II fluorescence (1000-1700nm, NIR-II) imaging technology overcomes the strong tissue absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence interference faced by traditional fluorescence (400-900nm), and can achieve higher tissue penetration depth in vivo imaging with time and space resolution, it is regarded as the most promising next-generation in vivo fluorescence imaging technology.
Wang Qiangbin, a researcher at the Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and his team focused on the emerging field of “Near-Infrared II Zone Live Imaging Technology”, after more than ten years of hard work, achieved systematic research results: the first to propose Ag2S quantum dots system in the world, reported for the first time the near-infrared II region fluorescence properties, and further expanded the Ag2Se, Ag2Te, and other quantum dot systems, established a full-spectrum quantum dot system covering the near-infrared II region. They developed the small animal imaging system in vivo with planar array detector based on short-wave infrared indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), and the wide-spectrum (400-1700nm) small animal in vivo imaging system compatible with visible fluorescence imaging, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of cross-level, cellular, and small animal in vivo models multi-scale near-infrared zone II fluorescence imaging research.
A biomedical research technology platform has been established for “visualization” of near-infrared zone II fluorescence in vivo. This in situ and real-time imaging platform at the level of small animals in vivo achieving high tissue penetration depth (>1.5 cm) and high penetration, with temporal resolution (~30 ms) and high spatial resolution (~25 μm), which has an order of magnitude improvement over traditional fluorescence imaging technology; These researchers established accurate “visualization” research strategy for tumor diagnosis and treatment, drug screening, stem cell regenerative medicine and brain science.
In view of the above series of studies, the team was invited by the Journal of the American Chemical Society to write an article titled Advanced Fluorescence Imaging Technology in the Near-Infrared-II Window for Biomedical applications. This prospect reviews the principle of near-infrared zone II fluorescence imaging technology and its development process; systematically introduces the design, development and advantages and disadvantages of different types of near-infrared zone II fluorescent probes in the past ten years; summarizes the near-infrared zone II development and application of fluorescent small animal live imaging system, two-photon microscopy imaging system, laser confocal imaging system, light-sheet imaging system and clinical surgical navigation system; analyzes the biological structure and function of near-infrared zone II fluorescence imaging technology applications in biomedical research such as imaging, living body sensing detection, and image-guided precise diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and bottlenecks that need to be resolved; prospects for the future near-infrared zone II fluorescence imaging technology in probe design, equipment development, and precise tumor diagnosis and treatment; the key issues that need to be resolved in stem cell regenerative medicine, brain science basic research and clinical application, accelerate the clinical application of near-infrared zone II fluorescence imaging technology.
Chunyan Li, Guangcun Chen, Yejun Zhang, et al. Advanced Fluorescence Imaging Technology in the Near-Infrared-II Window for Biomedical Applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 35, 14789–14804. August 7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.0c07022