K.Hill Project Feasibility Study
In 2022, Giyani announced the results of the feasibility study for the K.Hill battery‑grade manganese project in Botswana. The FS has been prepared by SRK, as lead, on an integrated mining and processing operation for the onsite production of HPMSM directly from manganese oxide.
The project is based upon K.Hill’s total Indicated Resource of 2.1 Mt which has been converted into 2.0 Mt of Probable Reserves. The remaining Inferred Resource of 3.1 Mt for K.Hill, is in the process of evaluation to be upgraded into the Indicated Resource category. New Mineral Resource Estimates for K.Hill and the nearby Otse manganese oxide prospect are currently targeted for completion in H1 2023 and provides the potential to expand the Project in future years and extend the mine life significantly.
contingency of US$32M
Robust economic returns:
A post‑tax NPV, at an 8% discount rate, of US$481M (C$649M) and a post‑tax IRR of 28%.
Low capital intensity for what will be one of the largest HPMSM projects in the world
Estimated initial capital expenditure of US$281M (C$379M), including contingency of US$32M (C$43M), for a fully integrated battery raw materials project.
Strong free cash flow
Net free cash flow over the life of the Project is estimated at US$1,093M (C$1,476M), equivalent to US$99M (C$134M) per year with first commercial production in 2025.
Significant geological upside offers potential to expand Project and extend mine life
Exploration work to upgrade the 3.1 Mt of Inferred Resources in the K.Hill southerly extension is progressing and the addition of these resources and the Otse prospect provides the potential to expand the Project in future years and extend the mine life significantly
Operational advantage of higher grade ore and conventional mining
K.Hill's Probable Reserve grade of 18.9% MnO is the highest among its listed battery‑grade manganese peers and underpins a scalable operation with an initial throughput of 200kt ore production per annum, offering potential future production capacity expansion.
LI Battery demand expected to increase significantly
CPM Group, an independent research and consultancy company, projects demand for HPMSM in LI Batteries to grow by nearly 30 times between 2021 and 2036.
Pathway to becoming a low carbon producer
Strong ESG credentials
Optimization work opens opportunities for enhancing Project value
|Type of mine||‑||Conventional open pit mine|
|Type of production facility||‑||HPMSM hydrometallurgical processing facility|
|Life of the Project||years||11.0|
|Net realized price assumption|
|Average realized HPMSM price (Yrs 1 – 5)||$/t||3,373|
|Flat realized price HPMSM price (Yrs 6 – 11)||$/t||3,918|
|Total ore mined||dry kt||226||2,032|
|Run-of-mine manganese grade||% MnO||18.9||18.9|
|Total recovered manganese metal||kt MnO||31||339|
|Total HPMSM produced||kt||73||808|
|Project cash flow||Average annual||LOP|
|Revenue from HPMSM||$M||272||2,993|
|Total operating costs (incl. royalty)||$M||125||1,369|
|Initial capital expenditure excl. contingency||$M||‑||249|
|Contingency on initial capital||$M||-||32|
|Total initial capital expenditure incl. contingency||$M||-||281|
|Sustaining capital expenditure incl. contingency||$M||-||21|
|Total LOP capital expenditure incl. contingency||$M||‑||307|
|NPV (8% real discount rate)||$M||603||481|
|Payback period from start of processing||years||3.3||3.6|
|Cumulative cash flow, undiscounted||$M||1,317||1,093|
All financial figures above are quoted in US dollars
Net realized prices for HPMSM at mine gate, assuming 50% of sales to the European Union and 50% sales to North America.


Don Valley Engineering Co. Ltd. is delighted to announce that it has received an order for 10 bespoke Vibrating Screens for the Hemerdon Tungsten and Tin Project, which is located near to Plymouth in South West England. The order was received from GR Engineering Services (UK) Limited, EPC Contractor for the project, and is one of the most significant screen orders placed in the UK in recent years.
Design work on the screens has commenced, and delivery will progress as required by the project. Don Valley Engineering Co. Ltd is looking forward to working with GR Engineering Services (UK) Ltd.
The Hemerdon mine is being developed by Wolf Minerals (UK) Limited.


As a well-known company in the main and biggest stone industrial zone, our vision and mission mean:
– We are oriented to supply excellent stone products and services through cutting-edge technologies according to the international standards and the customer requirements.
– We listen to our customers and develop a strong and cooperative relationship with them.
– We globally supply our customers and focus on safety and efficiency to create competitive advantages for our customers.
– Total quality and customer satisfaction is our final goal.
As a leading company in the stone industry our objectives include:
– Maintaining worldwide market of the stone industry for exporting the best quality constructional and luxury stones.
– Producing and processing a wide range of stones in various sizes and colors with a lot of advantages for different applications.
– The capability of exporting to American and European countries.
– Adding more new stone quarries to our collection.
– Having access to new technologies in the field of the stone equipment and machines.
– Anticipating and understanding customers’ needs and satisfaction.
– Making our products available within reasonable time limits.
– Offering best and competitive prices.
– Not taking any risk to disgrace our reputation and our commercial dealing are never touched.


Summary : Proactive, provider of real-time news and video interviews on growth companies listed in Australia, has covered the following companies:
• None Blackstone Minerals Ltd (ASX:BSX, OTCQX:BLSTF) has laid out an accelerated development pathway based on four key activities following strategy meetings with potential technology and offtake partners, intending to align the development of the Ta Khoa Project with core industry requirements. Click here
• None RPM Automotive Group Ltd (ASX:RPM) delivered strong revenue growth during the quarter ending June 30, 2022, clocking $26.5 million in revenue, up 74% compared to the corresponding quarter in 2021 and 23% on the March quarter of 2022. Click here
• None Riversgold Ltd (ASX:RGL) has materially grown the Bengal Prospect at Tambourah Lithium Project in Western Australia with the addition of two more parallel lithium-bearing pegmatites, discovered in an extensive geochemical sampling program with the aid of a deep ground penetrating radar (DGPR) orientation field program. Click here
• None Carnavale Resources Ltd (ASX:CAV) has discovered a new gold lode in shallow, untested rock near the McTavish North prospect of the Kookynie Gold Project in Western Australia, providing a fresh opportunity to grow the prospect and the project’s resource.


Once the analysis determines a given ore body is worth recovering, development begins to create access to the ore body. The mine buildings and processing plants are built, and any necessary equipment is obtained. The operation of the mine to recover the ore begins and continues as long as the company operating the mine finds it economical to do so. Once all the ore that the mine can produce profitably is recovered, reclamation begins to make the land used by the mine suitable for future use.
Mining techniques can be divided into two common excavation types: surface mining and sub-surface (underground) mining. Today, surface mining is much more common, and produces, for example, 85% of minerals (excluding petroleum and natural gas) in the United States, including 98% of metallic ores.
Targets are divided into two general categories of materials: placer deposits, consisting of valuable minerals contained within river gravels, beach sands, and other unconsolidated materials; and lode deposits, where valuable minerals are found in veins, in layers, or in mineral grains generally distributed throughout a mass of actual rock. Both types of ore deposit, placer or lode, are mined by both surface and underground methods.
Some mining, including much of the rare earth elements and uranium mining, is done by less-common methods, such as in-situ leaching: this technique involves digging neither at the surface nor underground. The extraction of target minerals by this technique requires that they be soluble, e.g., potash, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, which dissolve in water. Some minerals, such as copper minerals and uranium oxide, require acid or carbonate solutions to dissolve.
Sub-surface mining consists of digging tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore deposits. Ore, for processing, and waste rock, for disposal, are brought to the surface through the tunnels and shafts. Sub-surface mining can be classified by the type of access shafts used, the extraction method or the technique used to reach the mineral deposit. Drift mining utilizes horizontal access tunnels, slope mining uses diagonally sloping access shafts, and shaft mining utilizes vertical access shafts. Mining in hard and soft rock formations require different techniques.


Company: Liberty Fuels Company, LLC.
Mine Name: Liberty Mine
Annual Production: Production of approximately 4.4 million tons scheduled to begin in 2016.
Customer: Mississippi Power Company (MPC). Lignite from Liberty Mine will be shipped to MPC's Kemper IGCC Facility, an approximately 582 megawatt IGCC generating plant.
Liberty Fuels Company, LLC
4707 Highway 493
DeKalb, MS 39328
Phone: (601) 737-7000
Fax: (601) 737-7901


An Oreb lease agreement is a type of lease agreement commonly used in the mining industry. The term Oreb refers to the Ore Body, which is the host rock that contains minerals that are being extracted during mining operations. The lease agreement is a contractual agreement between the mining company and the landowner or government agency that grants the mining company the right to explore, develop, and extract minerals from the Oreb.
Before signing an Oreb lease agreement, it is important to understand the terms and conditions that are included in the agreement. The lease agreement should clearly outline the rights and obligations of both the mining company and the landowner or government agency. It should also specify the duration of the lease, the rights of renewal, the amount of rent or royalty payments, and any other fees or expenses that may be incurred during the mining operations.
One of the key elements of an Oreb lease agreement is the royalty payment. The royalty is the amount of money that the mining company pays to the landowner or government agency for the right to extract minerals from the Oreb. The royalty can be calculated as a percentage of the value of the minerals extracted or as a fixed amount per unit of minerals extracted.
Another important aspect of an Oreb lease agreement is the reclamation plan. The reclamation plan is a plan that outlines how the mining company will restore the land to its original state after the mining operations are complete. The reclamation plan should include details on the specific activities that will be undertaken to restore the land, the timeline for completion, and the estimated cost of the reclamation activities.
In addition to the terms and conditions of the lease agreement, it is also important to consider the legal and regulatory framework that governs mining operations in the jurisdiction where the Oreb is located. Mining operations are subject to a range of laws and regulations that are designed to protect the environment, ensure the safety of workers, and promote sustainable mining practices.
In conclusion, an Oreb lease agreement is a critical document that outlines the rights and obligations of both the mining company and the landowner or government agency. Before signing an Oreb lease agreement, it is important to understand the terms and conditions of the agreement, including the royalty payment, reclamation plan, and legal and regulatory framework. By carefully reviewing and negotiating these terms, both parties can ensure a successful and sustainable mining operation.


No restrictions at this time.
The Argo Mill was completed in the early 1900s, soon after the 10-year Argo Tunnel operation was completed. In its time, the state-of-the-art milling techniques of the Argo processed over $100 million worth of gold ore!
The prices per ounce ranged from $18 to $35, meaning the mill operations were hard at work each and every day. Various techniques were used to extract gold and other minerals, requiring different machines to process the ore diversity. Below, we explore the Argo’s machinery and how it aided its prosperity during the Colorado Gold Rush.
Exploring Milling Techniques – Amalgamation Table
Amalgamation requires mercury to extract minerals from the rock. To get the gold by itself, the mixture of mercury and gold is heated until the mercury vaporizes, allowing for nearly pure gold to be left behind.
This process had been used for centuries before the Colorado Gold Rush, and is still widely used in small-scaling mining worldwide. Efforts to eradicate this practice are in effect, as the high levels of toxic exposure affect both miners and the environment negatively.
Flotation cells are used in a variety of industries to this day. It is an effective concentration method used to separate finely ground materials. In a mixture of chemicals, water, oil and air, the metallic products would float to the frothy top, allowing any gold to be extracted.
The origins of this process were developed in the early 1900s in Australia, and have been refined for commercial use. Introducing flotation technology to the mining industry allowed the supply of low-grade ores to flourish, setting up the industry to prosper globally.
Concentrating tables utilized simple technology to separate gold ore from other minerals of the Rocky Mountains. The Argo Mill employed seven concentration tables, which vibrated the powered ore to separate heavy and light materials.
Also known as gold shaking tables, Arthur Redman Wilfley created the original patented design in 1896 in the U.S. Other variations of this table were created, but the purpose remained the same—it served as the last stop in the milling techniques of The Argo to recover valuable gold that may have been missed during the other concentration methods.
Cyanide Leaching Tank
This gold processing method allows for maximum recovery for many forms of gold ores. The cyanide dissolves the gold, which is then extracted from the solution by absorption via carbon or resin granules. Essentially, the cyanide turns the finely ground gold into a liquid form, allowing it to separate from other materials.
This process dates back to 1783, but wasn’t introduced to the gold mining industry until 1887.
Ore-Crushing & Grinding
None of these processes would have been possible without the machines helping turn the large mined rocks into processable sizes. This was done through the arrastra, the ball mill and the tube mill. Furthermore, stamps weighing over 1,000 lbs were used to pulverize these materials.
Most of these machines, especially the stamp mill, produced a deafening noise, affecting the miners manning the equipment forever. It was so loud, they called it Thunder in the Valley.
The Argo Mill’s three-decade reign is owed to the stellar milling techniques that processed gold ore from the many mining towns near Idaho Springs. They implemented the most recent technologies to yield the highest percentage of precious metals.
If you’re fascinated by the history of the Colorado Gold Rush, we can guarantee you’ll enjoy a tour of The Argo Mill & Tunnel. Experiencing the size of Idaho Springs’ mining operations and viewing the milling techniques firsthand will allow you to put yourself in the shoes of a miner in the late 19th century.
Book your tour today!


- Abandoned Mine Reclamation
- Current Reclamation Projects
- Completed Reclamation Projects
- Laws & Regulations
- Montana Abandoned Mine Reclamation Guide
- Montana's Abandoned Mines
- Priority Mine Sites
- Mining District Historical Narratives
- Abandoned Mines Photos
- Then and Now
- Abandoned Mine Hazards
- Reclamation Accomplishments
- Links of Interest
- Remediation Home
aka Gold Creek
Gold Creek, a northward flowing tributary of the Clark Fork River holds a special place in not only the history of mining, but in the history of Montana as well. The stream was the scene of the first discovery of gold in Montana. While the quality of the strike was soon overshadowed by the Bannack strike, it was the Gold Creek mines that first drew prospectors to the region and directly led to the discovery on Grasshopper Creek. Because of its unique position in history, the events leading to the discovery are of more than passing interest.
In 1852, Francois Finlay, who was also known as Benetsee, found the first float gold in what is now Montana, in a branch of the Clark Fork, later to be called Gold Creek. His findings became known to the few mountain men in the area, and the stream from which the gold came was called Benetsee's Creek. Angus McDonald, in charge of Fort Connah near Flathead Lake, had some of the dust Benetsee found assayed, and reported the discovery to the Hudson's Bay Company in Victoria, British Columbia. With the California gold rush only three years old, the Hudson's Bay Company well knew what would happen if news of the gold strike were to get out. To prevent prime beaver grounds from being overrun by gold-seekers, McDonald was ordered to keep the dust a secret.
One year later John Mullen and other members of the U.S. Government-sponsored Stevens railroad expedition were said to have washed some flakes from Benetsee creek. Popular tradition and nearly every historical source states that Mullen knew nothing of Finlay's discovery and so renamed the stream Gold Creek after finding the gold. However, Mullen and Finlay's daughter, Mary Ann, were apparently well-acquainted. Peter Mullen, Mary Ann's first child was born not long after the expedition. Whether Mullen actually panned the gravel of Gold Creek or merely noted it after hearing about it, Mullen's name became linked with that of Gold Creek. At the time, little was made of the discovery, the expedition report notation of gold in a remote northern stream could hardly compete with the banner headlines heralding vast gold strikes and the reality of tons of gold dust coming out of contemporary California (Mullen 1991).
The stream was next prospected in 1856 by a group of miners led by Robert Hereford. The group included John Sanders (known as Long Tom), Bill Madison and a couple of others. The party of men was enroute from the Bitterroot valley to Salt Lake City when they apparently heard of Gold Creek and did some panning there. Some gold was found, but not enough to slow the men. When they connected with the California Trail just west of Utah, they stopped and talked with Granville Stuart, James Stuart and Reece Anderson; the trio were on their way back from the California mines. The Stuart-Anderson party was cooling their heels in camp waiting for the dust to settle on the Mormon War so they could proceed across Utah safely. When they saw the gold dust of Hereford and company, they altered their plans to take a side-trip to Gold Creek. Although the Stuarts tried to work the stream early in the spring of 1858, the lack of tools brought a halt to the operations. Stuart built a log cabin on the Mullen Road where it crossed Gold Creek. This cabin became the nucleus of a small community named American Fork where 45 people lived and conducted an active trade of goods (Pardee 1951).
In 1860, Henry Thomas (also known as Gold Tom) dug a 30-foot shaft in the glacial till of Gold Creek at a point about one mile west of what later became known as Pioneer City. The small prospect returned $1.50 a day from axe-hewn sluices. However, the gold was little return on the effort involved in producing home-made mining equipment. It was, however, enough to push Stuart into obtaining the means to properly work the gravels of the stream. In the spring of 1862, miners were hurrying through the area from the head of navigation on the Missouri to the new Idaho mines. From them Stuart obtained the tools necessary to work the stream. On May 8 1862, Granville Stuart set up the first effective sluices in Montana. When he found gold, the news was not lost on the prospectors passing through the area. A party of prospectors arrived on May 14 and found diggings that paid 20 cents per pan. On May 20 another party arrived and prospected along a branch of Gold Creek which they named Pikes Peak Creek. On June 1, yet another group of prospectors arrived on the scene and found gravel that paid about $10 to the man by working the stream with sluices (Pardee 1951).
Miners on the way to diggings such as Stuart's often stopped and panned the streams along the way. In such a manner John White came upon the fabulous placers of Grasshopper Creek. When word of the rich strike arrived at Gold Fork, the miners left for more promising operations. By August 1862, only four months after the first sluices were in place, the Gold Creek placers were nearly abandoned; only two men remained to work the gravel. There followed a dizzying number of fabulously rich strikes at Alder Gulch, Last Chance Gulch, Confederate Gulch and many others. Gold Creek became a backwater and the town of American Fork was abandoned (Pardee 1951).
There was little activity on Gold Creek until 1866, when the Pioneer mining district was organized. The placers of Pioneer Creek and its tributaries, French and Squaw gulches, soon overshadowed the initial placers on Gold Creek. Under laws of the new district, bar claims of 200 feet running back to the summit of the hill could be made. In 1867, the Pioneer Company began using hydraulics on the bars. Although no rush ensued, mining activity picked up and the population of the Pioneer district rose to a high of 1000. Most of the population was concentrated in the new camp of Yam Hill near Batterton Bar.
Lack of water was more of a problem than the apparent lack of gold. In 1868 or 1869 Conrad Kohrs and others, formed the Rock Creek Ditch Company, to build a 16 mile canal to deliver water from Rock Creek to the Pioneer, Willow Creek, and Pikes Peak districts. The system initially delivered water to the Gold Hill terraces; the first terrace to be worked was the slope descending down to Pikes Peak Creek. These terraces contained rich gold deposits. Several hundred men worked the placers and a reported $140,000 was recovered in a single season from a pit on Batterton Bar. By 1870, it was estimated that $20,000,000 in placer gold had been taken from the gulches (Pardee 1951; Wolle 1963).
The Pioneer district never rivaled the other major strikes of Montana, but just the same the district flourished all through the 1870s. New placer deposits were discovered and developed at French Gulch, Squaw Gulch, Woods Flat and Wilson's Bar. By 1874 the richer parts of the terraces had been worked, but new deposits were discovered at Pioneer Bar and Ballard Hill. As these placers grew, the town of Yam Hill became deserted and a new town of Pioneer City began to grow. It has been estimated that over a million dollars of gold dust (at $20.67 per ounce) was removed from the Pioneer Bar in the late 1870s and early 1880s (Pardee 1951; Wolle 1963).
Around 1875, Conrad Kohrs, a stockman and trader who had been involved in the Rock Creek Ditch Company, bought up a number of mining claims and water rights in the Pioneer district, planning to leave them to his son as a legacy. His plans failed to materialize, for his son died and he quit mining. Another man, Tim Lee, brought a company of 800 Chinese miners to the gulch. He directed these laborers for several years. They worked to wash gold from the tailings and carried away the waste rocks in baskets to restack it on new dumps. When they could no longer recover any gold, they left the area.
Prior to 1890 the deposits on Pioneer Bar and at the Ballard mine were nearly worked out, but extensive hydraulic operations were being conducted at the K & K Bar, a low terrace in Pioneer Gulch. This operation was conducted by F.J. Slaughtner for the owners, Kohrs and Bielenberg. The hydraulic operation continued until 1918 (Pardee 1951).
In the 1890s, an English syndicate, the Gold Creek Mining Company Ltd., sank test holes in the gravel and began to work the ground with a small dredge. The dredge proved too small and light in construction to deal with the deep, bouldery gravels and efforts stopped after a shallow trench was excavated. The English Company also met resistance from some of the older residents of the district, including Conrad Kohrs, who cut off their supply of timber and water. The company ceased work and filed suit against the hecklers. The case dragged on for many years and was not settled until 1927, when Pat Wall, a miner from Butte, offered to buy the English Company's holdings. He bought up 3,200 acres held by the Kohrs-Bielenberg interests, which included water rights and the townsite of Pioneer. These two purchases, which gave him 7,000 acres of placer ground, permitted him to plan big-scale dredging on 6,500 acres and hydraulicking on 500 acres more.
Between December 1933 and June 1939, the Pioneer Placer Dredge Company, Inc., recovered a gross total of $1,374,631 from these gravels. The company used a sturdy "California-type" electric chain-bucket dredge.
Production figures for the creeks of the district have generally been combined reports, so a fair and accurate estimate of the production of each creek cannot be made. The total production of the placer mines in the district, up to 1949, was estimated to be $28,526,000. An estimate of about $7,000,000 seems to be fair and conservative for the total production of placer gold from the Pioneer district from 1860-1945, because the "cream had been skimmed" from the richest bars prior to 1898. In fact the dredge at Pioneer held first rank as a gold producer in Montana in 1934. Although primarily a placer mining district, some lode mines have been developed at the head of Gold and Little Gold Creeks. Most of the lode mines, however, are in Granite County (Sahinen 1935; Lyden 1948; Wolle 1963).
In addition to the efforts of Pat Wall and the Pioneer Placer Dredge Company, other smaller mines continued to work in the early 20th Century. Prior to 1920 the west side of Gold Hill was reworked in the Squaw Gulch pit. In 1920, the Rock Creek ditch and its water rights were purchased and diverted to water fields. Water was then brought into the district from Pikes Peak Creek and used to work deposits on Gold Hill above the Rock Creek ditch. The largest of these workings were the Kelley and Irvine pits. For several years after 1920, hydraulic operations were conducted on the gravels of Pioneer Gulch at the foot of Ballard Hill. This deposit had been missed by earlier efforts because of a heavy talus overburden (Pardee 1951).
On the upper parts of the middle and east forks of Pioneer Gulch as well as on China Bar, Chinese miners worked the gravel prior to 1930. The amount of gold production is not known, but may have been large.
Gold Creek and Pikes Peak Creek flow into an area of complexly folded and faulted Mesozoic and Paleozoic sediments which have been intruded by an elongated batholith of quartz monzonite. The lode deposits occur in veins and replacement deposits in highly altered granite or quartz monzonite. None of the lode deposits have been particularly important as points of production, but erosion of these gold-bearing deposits have resulted in extensive placer deposits in Gold, Little Gold, Pioneer, and Pikes Peak Creeks. The placer gold occurs in recent stream gravels and also in bench gravels. The deposits have been mined by sluicing, hydraulicking, and dredging (Sahinen 1935).
No production figures are available prior to 1904 when the majority of the gold was recovered from the district. However, from 1904 to 1951, the operations in the district worked 4,625,700 cubic yards of gravel to recover 65,000 ounces of gold and 7,442 ounces of silver. Estimated value of historic Twentieth century production was reported to be over $2,000,000. Most of this production occurred in the 1930s with the advent of dredging (McClernan 1976).
BOUNDARIES OF THE DISTRICT
Sahinen (1935) places the district southwest of Gold Creek, a station on the Northern Pacific and Chichago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroads. Figure 1 shows the historic mining district as defined by Sahinen (1935) which includes the primary creeks and gulches which were the scene of the placer activity.
HISTORIES OF SELECTED MINES
From 1909 to 1930, the Friday mine reported production in 19 years (WPA 1941).
Gold Creek Placer
The Gold Creek placers during the Twentieth century reported production intermittently from 1905 to 1910 and again in 1930 and 1931. The mine was discussed in the mining literature in 1904 and 1905 and again in the 1930s (WPA 1941).
The Gold Hill placers can be divided into two areas, the north portion which was called the Squaw Gulch pit and the southern portion which contained the Kelley and Irvine pits. The area around the Squaw Gulch pit was worked early in the history of the district. Extensive workings were excavated on the western side of Gold Hill above the steep slope to Squaw Gulch. The Squaw Gulch gravels were prospected in 1931 by the Henderson Mining Co., but no paying ground was found. The Kelley and Irvine pits contained gold in an unsorted mass of boulders, cobbles, sand and clay. The pits were reported to have produced $20,000 in gold. No production figures are available for the larger Squaw Gulch pit. Other small gulch and ravine placers have also been worked on Gold Hill (Pardee 1951).
The Independence mine is located on Windy Hill. Although the vicinity was worked in the district's early days, no production records have survived. The mine next reported production nearly every year between 1926 to 1930. The gold was of exceptional purity, assaying at 968 fine. The rough angles on the gold recovered indicated that the gold was little water worn, having been deposited by glacial action (WPA 1941; Pardee 1951).
K & K Bar
Located on the east side of upper Pioneer Gulch, the K & K Bar stretches nearly a mile and a half in length with varying width. The workings on the lower third of the bar was collectively known as the Kohrs and Kelley mine. The upper two-thirds of the bar was known as the Kohrs and Bielenberg mine. In 1916 the upper workings were extended 600 feet; the area is known as the 1916 pit. From it 711 ounces of gold were recovered. Work continued in the pit until leaner gravels were encountered in 1918 (Pardee 1951).
The Oro Fino was active intermittently from 1909 to 1929 (WPA 1941).
Pikes Peak Creek
Prior to the advent of dredge operations in 1934, nearly half of the gold recovered in the district came from the Pikes Peak placers. The Batterton Bar in the district produced $140,000 in a single season. Gold was found in small particles with some nuggets up to $10 in value. The gold assayed at $17.75 an ounce at a time when pure gold ran $21.67. Some gold from the Larrabee Bank ran as high as $18.60 per ounce.
Part of the pay streak was mined by drifting, but this area was covered by waste rock from mines higher on the hill. Below Treadwater Bar, a 3,000 foot segment of recovered pay streak was worked by a dragline shovel and a dry-land washer (Pardee 1951).
The Pioneer property was active in 1916 and again from 1928 to 1931. The mine was discussed in the mining literature during the latter period of production (WPA 1941).
It has been estimated that over a million dollars worth of gold was taken out of six gravel terrace channels on a spur west of Pioneer Gulch. Bank records indicated that the gold assayed at $18.50 per ounce. The Pioneer placer was active 18 years from 1910 to 1938 (WPA 1941).
Pioneer Placer Dredging
The Pioneer electric dredge reported production from 1933 until the operation was stopped by Federal order at the advent of World War II (WPA 1941; Pardee 1951).
The Montana Bureau of Mines vertical files list the following placers: Dawson, Dry Creek, Fin de Siecle, Fowler Tibbetts, French Gulch, Gold Hill, Hart's Gravel, Middle Falls, Prowse Par, Rocker Gulch, Squaw Gulch, Trail Gulch, Wilson's Bar, Windy Bar, Wood's Flat, and Yam Hill (Pilgrim's Bar).
Bowman, A. H. and Barclay Craighead
1926 Montana, Resources and Opportunities Edition, Vol. 1. Department of Agriculture, Labor and Industry, Division of Publicity.
1928 Montana, Resources and Opportunities Edition, Vol. 3. Department of Agricultural, Labor and Industry, Division of Publicity.
Calderhead, J. H.
1898 "Montana Bureau of Agriculture, Labor, and Industry, 6th Annual Report."
Dingman, Oscar A.
1934 "Placer Mining in Montana", Mines Magazine. Vo. 24, No. 1, pp. 13, 17-18.
Emmons, Samuel Franklin
1885 "Geological Sketch of the Rocky Mountain Division", U. S. 10th Census, Vol. 13, pp. 60-104.
Emmons, William Harvey and Frank C. Calkins
1913 "Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg Quadrangle, Montana", U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 78.
Ferguson, Henry Gardiner and L. P. Benedict
1906 Montana Bureau of Agriculture, Labor and Industry, 10th Report.
1908 Montana Bureau of Agriculture, Labor and Industry, 11th Biennial Report.
Gardiner, C. Roe and Johnson, C. H.
1934 "Placer Mining in the Western United States", U.S. Bureau of Mines, Inf. Circ. 6786, pt. 1; Circ. 6787, pt. 2; Circ. 6788, pt. 3.
Hammond-Fogarty, K. T.
1907 "Early Mining History of Montana", Mining World, Vol. 26, pp. 722-773.
Lyden, Charles J.
1948 The Gold Placers of Montana. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Memoir No. 26. Montana School of Mines, Butte.
Montana Bureau of Mines
nd Vertical Files.
1976 "Metallic Mineral Deposits of Powell County, Montana", Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, Bulletin 98.
1991 Miners and Travelers' Guide. (Reprint) Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington. Originally published by W. M. Franklin, New York.
Pardee, J. T
1951 "Gold Placer Deposits of the Pioneer District, Montana", U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 978-C.
Sahinen, Uuno M.
1935 "Mining Districts of Montana", Thesis, Montana School of Mines, Butte.
Trauerian, Carl J.
1939 "Mining in Montana Exclusive of Butte", Seven Talks About Mines, pp. 31-41, Butte Chamber of Commerce.
Wolle, Muriel S.
1963 Montana Pay Dirt. A Guide to the Mining Camps of the Treasure State. Sage Books, Denver.
Works Projects Administration (WPA) Mineral Resources Survey
1941 Montana Mine Index, An Alphabetical Index Arranged by Counties, Districts and Mines of Information on Montana Mines from 1867-1940. Montana School of Mines, Butte.
Figure 1. The Pioneer or Gold Creek historic mining district as defined by Sahinen (1935) which includes the primary creeks and gulches which were the scene of the placer activity.


John R. Marks
John R. Marks, Jr. was born and raised in Wisconsin. In 1966, the Marks family moved to Boise, Idaho where he attended and graduated from high school. Marks earned a bachelor's degree in mining engineering at the University of Idaho in 1973 and began his mining career as a junior engineer at Hecla Mining Company in the Silver Valley of north Idaho. He did surveying, mine planning and design at the Star Mine and ventilation engineering for the Star and Lucky Friday mines.
From 1975 to 1977, he continued his education at the University of Idaho as a graduate student and served as an instructor and tutor. Marks completed his thesis, “Computer-Aided Design of Large Underground Direct-Contact Heat Exchangers” in 1990 and earned a master's in mining engineering.
In 1977, Marks returned to Hecla Mining Company as a mining and ventilation engineer where he was responsible for all ventilation and refrigeration at the Star, Lucky Friday and Con Sil Mines. He Became a senior mine engineer in 1980 and was responsible for all mine engineering functions at the Lucky Friday Mine.
For the next 19 years, Marks worked for the Homestake Mining Company in Lead, S.D., as a ventilation engineer, then as the chief ventilation and health engineer. The former Homestake mine is 8,000 feet deep and contains 370 miles of tunnels. Between 1876 and 2003 the Homestake Mine produced 42 million ounces of gold worth about $3.5 billion. Marks was responsible for all ventilation and refrigeration at all levels of the mine. He designed and installed a 3,000 horsepower (hp) surface fan, a double 1,000 hp underground booster fan and a 2,300 ton refrigeration plant utilizing controlled recirculation. In 1996, he worked on assignments including shaft design, strategic planning, pumping, ore haulage, waste rock removal and refinery ventilation.
In 2001, Marks worked at Stillwater Mining Company in Nye, Mont., as a consulting engineer planning ventilation requirements and designing a $10 million system upgrade for the Stillwater platinum/palladium mine. A year later he joined the engineering transition team for the National Underground Science Laboratory facilitating the conversion of the Homestake Mine into a science laboratory. Plans are now under way to turn Homestake into the first national laboratory for underground science in the United States — and the largest and deepest facility of its kind in the world. Scientists hope to use the lab in the mine for an experiment to find out what role neutrinos played in the evolution of the universe. It is one of more than 40 scientific experiments scientists already have proposed for the new laboratory.
From 2002 to present, Marks has been a mine ventilation consultant. He is presently consulting for the South Dakota Science and Technology Authority on the conversion of the Homestake Mine into the National Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) and has consulted with, and/or continues to work with many other mines in South Africa, Bulgaria, three Canadian provinces, and U.S corporate offices for mines in Guatemala and Indonesia.
Marks served as an adjunct professor for the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology in Rapid City, S.D., teaching mine ventilation. He has taught seminars at most western mining schools in mine economics and mine ventilation, air conditioning, computer applications and diesel use. He has authored or co-authored over 25 papers in mining, including chapters in ASHRAE’s 2003 & 2007 Applications Handbooks, a mining textbook, and the new Society of Mining Engineer’s (SME-AIME) 2011 Mining Engineering Handbook. In 1992, he was Chairman of Society of Mining Engineer’s (SME) Underground Ventilation Committee. He holds several professional memberships including Tau Beta Pi, the National Engineering Honor Society. He received the Black Hills Safety Professional of the Year honor and in 2008, was awarded the prestigious SME’s Hartman Award for excellence in mine ventilation.


High Frequency Vibrating Screen
High-frequency vibrating screen is also known as screening equipment, mainly made up of motor, exciter, pulp distributor, sieve frame, frame, suspension spring, V-belt and screen.Sand vibrating screen uses eccentric vibration exciter and offset adjustment amplitude, with a long screening drip line, large size, reliable structure, strong excitement, high screening efficiency, small noise, easy maintenance, safe operation, it is strong and durable.Screen vibration has been widely used in mining, construction materials, transportation, energy, chemical and other industries. Vibration screening has the advantages of high vibration efficiency, low amplitude and high screening frequency. High frequency vibrating screen is different from the screening principle of common vibrating screen
separator,high frequency vibrating screen adopts high operating
frequency, which can improve the efficiency of screening significantly.
1.The vibrator uses the resonance principle to reduce the driving force of the machine and reduce the working noise.
2.Simple structure, easy maintenance, high screening efficiency, easy operation, low failure rate.
3.Our machine does not have a rotating part and does not need to lubricate the machine.
4.Equipment has good screening quality, good performance and long service life.
If you are looking for the high frequency vibrating screen to help with your business, welcome to contact us. We are one of the leading and professional manufacturers and suppliers in this field. The customized service is also available. Check the quotation now.


Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections
News in the gas, oil and affiliated industries.
Canadian Mining News
Newsletter geared to large and small mining and exploration companies.
CDC: Mining Safety and Health Research
Features news, articles, reports, and graphs.
Engineering and Mining Journal (E&MJ)
A monthly trade magazine serving the mining industry Provides technical and economic articles to professionals in the metal and non-metallic mining industry.
News and information concerning all aspects of worldwide mining and mineral exploration.
Mining news, conferences, and directory of Iranian mining businesses and associations.
Iranian Mining & Mineral Processing
News and directory for mining and mineral engineers. Includes membership information, articles and newsletter.
Guide to the mining industry, providing sponsored news, investment profiles and gossip.
Mining Industry News - Topix.net
News on the mining industry continually updated from thousands of sources around the net.
Portal featuring news, metal prices, buyers' guide, technical reference, and mine database.
Provides mining industry news and information to miners, suppliers, industry investors and others. Information resources of Australia's Mining Monthly, Australia's Longwalls and Resource Stocks. Delivers news and analysis covering national and international mining and exploration.
Project Underground: Drillbits and Tailings
Online monthly on the mining and oil industries and the environment.
The Australian Journal of Mining
Covers surface and underground mining. Includes subscription information.
The Mining Journal Group
Publishes a number of magazines, books and electronic products and provides research services for the international mining and construction sectors.
News about the mining industry, collected from various sources on the web.


Biggest pink diamond is found in Argyle mine, Australia
The Argyle diamond mine in the East Kimberly region of Western Australia recently unearthed a 12.76 carat diamond which is touted as the biggest pink diamond to be ever found in the mine that also happens to be the world’s largest producer of pink diamonds. (more than 90 per cent of the world’s pink diamonds come from this part) The diamond is expected to fetch at least $10 million and will be named as the Argyle Pink Jubilee. We have seen quite a few pink diamonds such as the Golconda Diamond ring and the pink diamond auctioned at Sotheby’s, but none of this size and stature.
The work of cutting and polishing has already started off by an expert team appointed for the job which will be followed by grading by a team of international experts and it will finally be showcased to the world before being sold as part of the annual Argyle Pink Diamonds Tender later this year.


Alcoa is recruiting now for more than 20 apprentices to start in January 2020 at their Western Australian mining and refining operations. You can earn a nationally recognised trade qualification in one of the following areas:
- Mechanical Fitter
- Fabricator / Welder
- Heavy Duty Plant Mechanic
- Industrial Electrical Instrumentation Technician
They can provide a variety of job opportunities throughout your career at their bauxite mines and alumina refineries, located within the Perth metropolitan and Peel regions.
Find out more about the opportunity and apply here.


UPGRADE OF Kovdorsky GOK.
Enhancing capacity through the upgrade of crushing equipment.
Kovdorsky Mining and Processing Combine is a part of EuroChem Holding and one of the leading factories of Russia’s North-West. The factory provides comprehensive mineral processing and produces three concentrates: iron ore, apatite and baddeleyite.
Kovdorsky GOK has been consistently upgrading the entire equipment fleet to enhance its capacity and performance.
Thus, the upgrade called for replacement of obsolete coarse and medium/fine crushers in order to improve performance, quality of the output and reduce scheduled and emergency downtime.
Professionals of Sever Minerals and Metso studied the objectives for the new equipment and operation conditions in detail. Ore samples were sent to Metso laboratory in Finland to establish physical and mechanical properties of the feed. As a result, the most appropriate solution, which guaranteed that the client would reach the required performance and crush size included several projects:
- Supplying three Metso С200 jaw crushers and grizzly screens for coarse crushing;
- Supplying two Metso НР500 cone crushers for medium/fine crushing;
- Supplying an apron feeder and roller grizzly feeder for medium/fine crushing.
Since their commissioning in 2016, HP500 crushers have been successfully operating for three years. The commissioned equipment allowed to double the capacity of medium/fine crushing. It reduced operating expenses - specific costs for lining, spare parts, power, maintenance and repairs.
Coarse crushing upgrade projects started in 2016, when the first С200 crusher was installed. The project is now in its final phase, installation and commissioning of the second С200 crusher with a pre-screening grizzly is complete, installation of the third will start shortly. Each crusher reaches up to 2000 ton/hour allowing to meet all factory needs.
The new cone crushers and jaw crushers are to replace the old ones via a transition frame without reworking the foundations substantially reducing costs of construction and installation and replacement intervals.
At the moment, the apron feeder and roller grizzly feeder are being implemented for medium/fine crushing upstream the medium crusher. This equipment will distribute the load between medium crushers and fine crushers and allow to increase capacity of the entire cascade.
Following the upgrade, capacity of the crushing plant will exceed 21 million tons a year, with improved quality of the output crush and reduced operating expenses.
Upgrade of medium/fine and coarse crushers.
Apatite-staffelite ore and apatite-magnetide ore.
up to 1.3%
Equipment to be installed in the project
- Metso НР500 cone crushers
- Metso С200 jaw crushers
- Weg motors
- AF5 pate feeder
- roller grizzly feeder
Capacity of the crushing plant after the upgrade
over 21 million tons a year


The International Mining and Resources Conference (IMARC) is Australia’s largest mining event bringing together over 7000 industry professionals from over 100 countries. At IMARC 2019, held 29-31st of October 2019 in Melbourne, Australia, MX3 was thrilled to be selected to exhibit as part of the Ascent Start-up Village.
In recent months the MX3 Hydration Testing System has been adopted by over 10 mining groups in 5 Australian states as a rapid, simple and actionable alternative to urine-based hydration testing. At IMARC we met with mine operators, government representatives and researchers from throughout Australia as well as Africa, North and South America and the Middle East and demonstrated the potential of the MX3 HTS.
Dehydration results in impaired concentration, decreased work capacity and increased risk of heat illness. The IMARC conference made it clear that there is a huge industry need for hydration assessment technologies, especially during the Australian Summer where temperatures regularly exceed 100°F (38°C).
With the MX3 HTS, MX3 is creating a safer and more productive worksite by empowering the mining industry to rapidly monitor and manage the hydration of employees in difficult settings.


The NEW Terex® Finlay 684 is a highly versatile and adaptable machine engineered and built for working in quarrying, mining, construction and demolition debris, topsoil, recycling, sand, gravel, coal and aggregate applications.
The Terex® Finlay 684 is a compact easily transportable machine that offers operators rapid set up and tear down times. The new screenbox on the Finlay 684 features three full size 4.3m x 1.7m (14’x5’7”) inclined decks giving a large screening area of 21.9m2 (236ft2) to provide efficient screening and high capacity. The screenbox features quick wedge tensioning, access holes and bottom deck hydraulic tensioning system to reduce time required for mesh changes. All four discharge conveyors hydraulically fold for transport providing the operator with rapid set up and tear down times. The fourth product ‘oversize plus’ conveyor can work at varying angles to accurately discharge material for recirculation and stockpiling
A high performance 1050mm (42”)…
View original post 296 more words


The History Of Diamonds
The history of diamonds began billions of years ago when diamonds were first being formed under incredible heat and intense pressure deep below the earth’s surface. The volcanic eruptions millions of years ago forced the diamonds up to the surface where they were scattered along oceans and rivers.
The first diamonds were thought to be discovered in India around 800 B.C. No one ever discovered the volcanic eruption that it came from but the river bed deposits were plentiful enough to supply most of the word’s diamonds up till the 18th century.
The word diamond comes from the Greek word “adamas”. It means unconquerable in reference to the eternity of love. In 1477 Archduke Maximilian of Austria put the name to the test when he gave a diamond ring to Mary of Burgundy when he wanted to marry her. This started the tradition of diamond engagement rings which became all the rage at the time and hence started the popularity that diamonds experience today.
The largest amount of gem quality stones are found in South Africa but they are also discovered in Russia, South America, and the United States. The mining outside of South Africa produces industrial quality diamonds mostly. In 1866 one of the first South African diamonds was discovered by a young boy along the banks of Val River. It was a 21 carat gem that later became part of the gavel used by the Premier of South Africa.
After this discovery many diamond diggers began finding other diamonds along in the Val and Orange rivers. Below this yellow earth a layer of blue-gray rock called “blue ground” or “kimberlite” was discovered. This 60 mile coast of the Orange River divides South and South West Africa is owned by Consolidate Mines of South West Africa which is part of the DeBeers group, which have produced almost 1 million carats of diamonds a year since 1956.
The largest diamond bearing “blue ground” is in Murfreesboro, Arkansas. This is where the largest diamond was ever discovered in the United States. It was named “Uncle Sam” and was a whopping 40 carat stone. Murfreesboro Mine has become quite the tourist attraction because of this and has yielded over 60,000 diamonds since it was first discovered in 1906.
Only about one-fifth of the diamonds that are mined can be considered gem quality once they are discovered. Depending on how deep the diamond is found it make take the processing of 40 to 250 tons of gravel and sand to recover just one rough diamond from the world’s thinning diamond deposits.
It is a long process that ends with the separation of diamonds by size, shape, and quality. Only 20% to 25% are actually made into jewelry, most are used in industrial applications such as drilling, grinding, and sawing. Within 30 to 40 years experts think that all known supplies of diamonds will be completely depleted.


Kunlun 16.00R25 (445/95R25) KT701 new wide dump truck tires for mining have been on sale.
The formula is improved on the basis of the original 14.00R25 (385/95R25) KT701/702 matching and actual use experience in the OE market, which is more suitable for the use environment of wide-body vehicles in the mining area.
The wear resistance and puncture resistance of the tires have been further outstanding. Get the favor of partners.
At present, it has entered the mining areas of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Tibet, Yunnan and other provinces.
According to the actual operating environment and use time, the quality is same with the 14.00R25 (385/95R25) OE products.
Hard mining areas (such as gold,iron,copper mine…) The average tire life is 6-7 months, and the average operating time per day is 13-16 hours.
The average tire life of soft mining areas (mainly coal mines) is 8-9 months, and the average operating time per day is 11-13 hours.
Kunlun tire welcomes every friend inquiry!


The Mill Process
1936. BCMM# 13484
Prior to the stock market crash in October 1929, the Mill at Britannia produced peak volumes of chalcopyrite (the major ore of copper) and wealth for both the British Columbian and Canadian economies.During this period, the Mill was processing up to 6500 tons (14,000,000 pounds) of rock daily. That’s as much weight as 480 elephants every day!
The main function of the Mill was to separate the waste rock from the minerals (mainly chalcopyrite) that the mining company wanted to sell. All the ore was ground up to the consistency of flour and put through a chemical process known as froth flotation, which causes the valuable minerals to rise to the top and the waste rock to fall to the bottom.
The ore at Britannia Beach was rich in copper. It contained an average of 1.25% copper or 25 pounds of copper for every ton of ore. After the ore went through the Mill, the end product was 26% copper, or 520 pounds per ton. This was very efficient. Britannia’s froth flotation process was so widely used that it became known as the Britannia deep cell method.
The more ore that was processed the more money the mine made. To maximize profits, the methods of separation within the Mill were constantly being updated and improved. Every year the process would change slightly to yield greater amounts of ore. The Britannia Mines Mill earned a reputation as one of the most productive mills in the world.


Business Expansion in Mining Activities
We have become one of the leading Mining contractors with experience in Overburden Removal and Coal Extraction by deploying our brand new equipments for OB/Coal excavation, loading and transportation works at 6 sites as listed below.
South Eastern Coalfields Limited – Jagannathpur
- At present CREW is executing the work of Hiring of HEMM for excavating all kinds of strata /overburden/in situ, loading in to tippers, transportation and unloading of excavated materials & silt, dumping, dozing, scrapping /removal of all bands, preparation/ maintenance of haul road, water sprinkling and spreading of material at the site shown and as per directives of the Management /Engineer–in-charge at Jagannathpur OCP for a period of 4 & 1/2 Years.
Central Coal Fields Limited- Magadh Amrapali area
- CREW executes the work of “Loading, Transportation and Crushing from Surface stock of Magadh OCP to Phulbasiya Railway Siding of Magadh Amrapali area” for a period of 730 days.
Central Coal Fields Limited- Kathara Area
- CREW is doing the work of “Hiring of HEMM for removal of Overburden (Including rehandling of OB) and for extraction of coal at Govindpur Ph-II OCP of Kathara Area for a period of three years”
Central Coal Fields Limited -B&K Area
- CREW is executing the work of “Hiring of HEMM for removal of OB including blast hole drilling, blasting, excavation, loading and transportation of all kinds of soil rocks, broken rocks, hard rocks, extraneous material including mixed soil, clay soil, pebbles, stone etc. and dumping outside the working zone, including spraying at haul road, face & the dump yard. The job involves making access trench/haul road with dozing, grading, maintenance and water sprinkling as may be required, face pumping for excavation, operation as per instruction of the Engr. I/C of AKK OCP mine of B&K Area for a period of two years”
Mahanadhi Coal Fields – Kulda
- Presently CREW is executing the work of Extraction of Coal/Coal measure strata by deploying three Surface Miner imported from Germany at Kulda OCP, Basundhara Area for a total quantity of 192,42,244 Cu. M.
Central Coal Fields Limited - Jharkand
- CREW is executing the work of Hiring of HEMM for Removal of OB including blast hole drilling, blasting, excavation, loading & transportation of all kinds of soil, rocks, broken rock, hard rocks and extraneous material including mixed soil, mixed hard soil, clay soil, pebble, stone etc and dumping outside the working zone, including water spraying at haul road face at dump yard. The job involves making access trench/haul road with Dozing, grading, maintenance and water sprinkling as may be required, face dumping or excavation operation as per instruction of Engineer Incharge of Jarangth OCP Mine of Kathara Area under Central Coalfields for a Period of 3 Years
Mahanadhi Coal Fields - Bharatpur
- CREW has successfully completed the work of Extraction of Coal/Coal measure strata by deploying Surface Miner at Bharatpur OCP, Bharatpur area under Mahanadhi Coal Fields awarded for a period of more than Three years
South Eastern Coalfields Limited – Raigarh
- CREW has successfully executed the work of “Hiring of Surface Miner & allied equipments of suitable capacity at Chhal Open Cast Mine for mechanical excavation/ cutting of coal / coal measure strata and deployment of dozer on hiring basis for removal of ridges left out, while working coal seam in slices involving extraction/ breaking of coal/cross measure/strata in slices/ layers to lumps size (-) 100 mm without resorting to drilling & blasting for a quantity of 21,72,000 Cum with minimum 5951Cum(9938 Tes) per day for a period of 1 year (365 days), Raigarh area.”


|Title:||Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Co. letter|
|Dates:||1854 January 27|
|Quantity:||1.0 folder (1 letter)|
The Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company was based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and it was owned by the Grubb family. The family were descendants of Peter Grubb, better known for his founding of the still-standing Cornwall Furnace in Lebanon County in 1742. In 1851, the Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company was incorporated and remained active until 1907.
A letter from Peyton Landon to C. L. Carroll, esq. addressing concerns about dividend on stock of Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Company.
Chestnut Hill Iron Ore Co. letter, ms 1273. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, The University of Georgia Libraries.


JSE-listed gold mining company Sibanye-Stillwater has announced its intention to increase its shareholding in Keliber Oy, a Finnish mining and battery chemical company, to 50% plus one share, in a pre-emptive offer following its initial 30.2% shareholding acquisition in February 2021.
The Finnish company owns the Keliber project, which is premised on advanced lithium hydroxide that produces a sustainable grade lithium hydroxide battery using its own ore.
In a statement issued on Thursday, the company said it will make a voluntary cash offer of €196 million to the minority shareholders of Keliber, excluding the Finnish Minerals Group, which could increase its shareholding in Keliber to 86.1%.
“This is a further significant step in our strategy to build a unique global portfolio of green metals in a value accretive manner,” says Sibanye-Stillwater CEO Neal Froneman.
Froneman says the company looks forward to partnering with Finnish stakeholders to build the Keliber project which is expected to be the first mining and metallurgical operation in Europe to deliver high-quality, low-cost lithium hydroxide.
Sibanye-Stillwater says as a result of the voluntary offer, a capital raise by Keliber will be executed and an equalisation mechanism may be implemented, if required, to ensure it achieves the majority shareholding.
The transaction is worth approximately €446 million, excluding the transfer tax, of which a possible €250 million in equity will be contributed by Sibanye-Stillwater.
The gold mining company says it expects all aspects of the transaction sequence, which includes implementing the pre-emptive offer on 11 July 2022 and launching the voluntary offer, to be completed by 13 February 2023.
Moreover, precedent conditions for the transaction include:
- The South African Reserve Bank’s approval;
- 50% of Keliber shareholders voting in favour of the project financing, including both equity and debt components;
- The voluntary offer is subject to the passing of resolutions at the extraordinary general meeting approving the pre-emptive offer and capital raise;
- The absence of a material adverse change; and
- The capital raise is subject to the successful exercise of the pre-emptive offer by Sibanye-Stillwater.
Nondumiso Lehutso is a Moneyweb intern.


The global conveyor belt market will grow steadily at a CAGR of around 6 percent by 2021, according to a market report by Technavio. This market research analysis identifies the increasing demand for automation in material handling as one of the primary growth factors for this market. The latest report by IMARC Group, conveyor belts are mechanical apparatus consisting of two or more pulleys with a moving belt or a chain that helps in transporting materials or packages from one place to another. The belt forms a continuous loop of fabric, rubber, plastic, leather, or metal supported on rollers or on a metal slider pan. Nowadays, various types of conveyor belts are available to use in different applications such as food processing industries, airports, and various transporting industries. The rising need for the efficient handling of bulky materials and raw materials due to the variety in texture and size, contribute to the growing need for automation in material handling. Additionally, the expansion of industries with several manufacturing facilities such as automotive, retail, food and beverage, and healthcare industries is also increasingly demanding the need for automation and conveyor belts to facilitate the transportation of large materials. The increasing demand for steel cord conveyor belts is one of the key trends that will gain traction in the conveyor belt market during the next four years. The coal-mining industry requires high-performance conveyor belt systems like steel cord conveyor belts that can be used for longer distances. The steel cord conveyor belts provide various advantages such as strength, flexibility, easy maintenance, and high-splice strength and safety that influences their usage driving the growth of this market. The increasing applications of conveyor belts in various industries are helping the global conveyor belt market to expand, according to Technavio. Additionally, these belts enable the manufacturers to reduce inventory levels, and in turn, reduce overall production costs. As a result, the escalating demand for conveyor belts from automation, mining and manufacturing industries has emerged as another major demand driver. Further, there has been an increase in the use of conveyor belts at the airports so as to facilitate the passengers with efficient baggage transportation. Some of the other factors contributing to the market growth are aging workforce, growth of infrastructural activities and demand for eco-friendly conveyor belts with self-cleaning properties. On the basis of product type, the market has been segmented into medium-weight conveyor belt, lightweight conveyor belt and heavyweight conveyor belt. Currently, medium-weight conveyor belt is the most popular product type, holding the largest market share. Based on end-use, the market is categorized into metallurgy industry, chemical industry, steel-making industry and others. Region-wise, Asia Pacific dominates the market, accounting for the largest share, followed by Europe and North America. Other major regions include the Middle East and Africa, and Latin America.


Nigeria’s first gold refinery being built by Kian Smith Trade & Co Limited is billed to be completed by the end of June next year.
There was already a significant monthly supply of gold from Zamfara, Kebbi, Kwara, Niger, Kaduna, Ibadan, Ile-Ife, and Ilesha and about 100kg per month from other parts of Africa,” said the Vice Chairman, Kian Smith, Nere Teriba.
The firm was finalising supply agreements and terms from suppliers in Kano, and supply from Kogi State.
According to the Punch, the refinery would start with a production capacity of three tonnes per month of 99.99 per cent gold and one ton per month production of 99.99 per cent silver.
The Minister of State for Mines and Steel Development, Abubakar Bwari, was at the ground-breaking ceremony.
He said: “The present administration is determined to develop the mining sector to act as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth of the country.
“Part of our marching orders in the mines and steal development ministry is that we are expected to develop the sector to increase its contribution to the nation’s Gross Domestic Product, improve its capacity to create jobs and engender sustainable mining.”
He noted that it was in keeping with his ministry’s mandate that a road map was developed for the growth and development of the mining sector.
“During the focus labs of the Economic Recovery and Growth Plan of this administration, we discovered that a well-organised gold value chain can trigger an economic revolution as it did in India, South Africa, Switzerland and others,” Bwari said.
He added that the ministry had continued to work in this light to develop a gold value chain for the country.
“We will be supplying the Central Bank of Nigeria, the jewellery and the electronics industry.”
According to Vice Chairman, Kian Smith, Nere Teriba, the refinery, when completed, will provide more than 500,000 jobs in two years as it continues to support its suppliers in their bid to become registered business entities in the mining sector.
“There are at present at least one million unregistered business participants in the Nigerian market (considering gold miners, sponsors, dealers, processors, aggregators and gold-workers).
The formalisation, organisation and development we bring to the value chain will provide quick wins to the Nigerian economy,” she added.


The Egyptian Ministry of Oil has signed two gold exploration contracts within the jap desert with two Canadian and British corporations, the British firm Akh Gold and the Canadian Aton Assets.
The ministry stated in an announcement on Wednesday that the primary discipline with Akh Gold includes gold exploration over an space of roughly 350 sq. kilometers within the areas of Bir Asl and Jabal al-Mit within the Japanese Desert in Egypt.
The British firm Foz, owned by Egyptian billionaire Naguib Sawiris, received the worldwide tender for gold prospecting in its first spherical final yr 2023.
The ministry additionally signed a gold exploration contract within the Abu Marwat area, within the jap desert, with the Canadian firm Aton Assets.
Subsequently, after confirming that the Canadian firm has commercially confirmed its intention to go to the West Wurdin space, situated within the Abu Marwat concession, with an space of as much as 58 sq. kilometers, in line with the assertion.
Egyptian Gold Offers
Egypt launched the primary spherical of its first gold prospecting mission in 2019, after Egypt’s mineral legislation was amended to stipulate the gathering of taxes and rental charges as a substitute of taking part in manufacturing.
Final yr, ultimately, 4 corporations from England, Canada and Egypt utilized for the second spherical of the primary gold prospecting mission in eight areas of the Egyptian Japanese Desert, and the British firm “Ach Gold” was among the many winners.
In November final yr, a gold exploration funding occurred with Canadian firm Lotus Gold with investments amounting to roughly $2.5 million.
The federal government has stated there’s a want to extend the contribution to the nation’s nationwide dredging efforts from the present 1% to five% by 2030.


Rare Earth Metals Assessment and Supply Chain Actions
Statement of Work and Project Statement
The primary purpose of this project is to gather information related to the probability of a shortage of Rare Earth Metals occurring in the very near future, pinpoint when demand will exceed supply, and identify key driving factors. The project is also intended to drive actions that will increase supply and examine the feasibility of reclamation/recycling efforts. Development of alternative materials will also be investigated. These project activities are designed to prevent companies from becoming victims of the volatile REM supply and highlight any reductions which would lead to supply chain and market disruptions.
Additionally, the project will raise awareness of the severity and potential impact of REM supply issues with appropriate governmental agencies and industry trade groups.
There are 5 project tasks that will be addressed by the project team. Details describing each of the tasks listed below can be found in the Statement of Work. All iNEMI members are encouraged to review the SOW and Project Statement and sign-up for this important project.
The ultimate goals of the project are to assist in the re-establishment of a viable REM industry in the U.S., to develop skills, and to rebuild and restructure the REM supply chain and infrastructure.
For Additional Information


White gold – rock salt from Sondershausen
Rock salt dates from the age when the first dinosaurs began to roam the earth some 230 million years ago. Deposits up to 120 m thick were left about 650 to 750 m below the town and region of Sondershausen. The rock salt extracted here today is remarkable for its extremely high purity.
The main rock salt product available from GSES is de-icing salt for winter road clearance (pursuant to DIN EN 16811-1:2016). But our rock salt is also used in industry and in animal feedstuffs.
All voids created when extracting the salt are backfilled again afterwards to prevent any damage being caused inside the mine or above ground. The process of extracting and processing the salt does not create any waste materials which would have to be dumped on the surface.
GSES has been a reliable supplier of de-icing salt for winter road clearance since 2008. There are enough deposits to last for several hundred more years at current volumes of production. We also have a few salt depots which guarantee supply security. Our distribution partner Salinity Deutschland GmbH supplies towns and municipalities, as well as road and motorway maintenance contractors.


Production Development Trainer
Bulyanhulu Gold Mine is seeking to recruit Production Development Trainer to join our team. The successful candidate for this position is expected to align to the Barrick DNA and drive a change within his team and the business and on a practical note will ensure activities in the mining department are effectively planned and undertaken in a safe and cost effective manner to achieve targets in accordance to BGML Mining Safety Standards, Policies and Procedures.
Reporting to: Production FFL
Work Schedule: 42 days on, 21 days off
Duration: 2 Years
- Conduct remote operation in open stope
- Discuss with Supervisor how to improve operating & cycle efficiency
- Monitor & control operating & cycle efficiency
- Monitor & control loading & cycle efficiency
- Coach and mentor trainees on LH307, LH410, LH514 Sandvik Loaders as well as Remote operation
- Assist with the training and skills development of trainees.
- To provide technical, practical and field support in various working areas of the mine focusing in increasing work effectiveness and productivity while lowering cost through improved good operational practices
- Collect drilling consumables & mining instructions
- Perform pre-use inspection
- Develop and train long hole operators in industry best practice.
- Develop and train long hole operators in Sandvik automation drilling
- Foster, mentor and develop current longhole operators improving overall safety and productivity metrics
- Conduct charging of Blast Holes
- Face preparation & marking off
- Installation of Ground Support – bolt, mesh, cablebolts
- Perform Drilling Activities
- Uncouple equipment & remove from workplace
- Ensure all Equipment are clean
- To Record & Report Drilling Performance
- Ordinary secondary education
- Trained and competent in operation of Sandvik Loaders, Production Drills and/or Jumbo
- Valid Driving Licence
- Minimum of 8 years’ experience in fully mechanized high speed mine
- Experience in operating machine in large underground mining operation
- Demonstrated ability to achieve high speed development (175m per month per jumbo)
- Ability to demonstrate >160dm per shift production drill
- Exposure to automation of both production drills and loaders
- Demonstrated ability in training operators in all facets of UG mechanized mining.
SKILLS / KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS:
- Excellent communication in English, both writing and verbal
- Hazard identification and Risk assessment
- Mine health &Safety Act awareness
WHAT WE CAN OFFER YOU:
- A comprehensive compensation package including bonuses, benefits, and where applicable.
- Ability to make a difference and lasting impact.
- Work in a dynamic, collaborative, progressive, and high-performing team.
- Opportunities to grow and learn with the industry colleagues are endless.
HOW TO APPLY:
Applicants are invited to submit their CV’s/Resume’s, careful read application guidelines
Rename your CV in this format CV – YOUR FULL NAME
Indicating the role title “PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT TRAINER” in the subject of your email
Send your application via e-mail to: email@example.com
If you are not contacted by Barrick – Bulyanhulu Gold Mine LTD within thirty (30) days after the closing date, you should consider your application as unsuccessful. Short listed candidates may be subjected to any of the following: security clearance; competency assessment; physical capability assessment, reference checking.
Please forward applications before 23rd December 2020


The Key to Successful Mining
WHAT IS OVERBURDEN REMOVAL?
Mining is a vital industry that provides raw materials for the infrastructure and technological advancements of modern society, but the process of removing the “overburden” can be difficult.
At SEMCOA, we understand the importance of overburden removal and how it impacts the efficiency and safety of mining operations. That’s why we offer comprehensive overburden removal services to help our clients extract minerals and resources more effectively.
Overburden removal involves clearing away the layer of soil, rock, and other materials that cover a valuable mineral deposit. This is a necessary step to ensure the safe and efficient extraction of minerals. Overburden removal can be challenging, especially when the layer is thick or the deposit is located in a remote or difficult-to-reach area.
Our Overburden Removal Services
At SEMCOA, we provide a comprehensive range of overburden removal services, including:
SEMCOA: Your Trusted Partner for Overburden Removal Services
If you’re in need of reliable and efficient overburden removal services for your mining operations, SEMCOA has the solution for you. With our team of experienced professionals and wealth of knowledge, we can safely and effectively remove overburden to help you achieve your mining goals. Contact us today to learn how we can assist you.


Mining is a vital industry that helps to extract valuable resources from the depths of the earth. However, mining operations also face unique challenges, particularly with regard to potentially dangerous gases that can accumulate in underground environments. To ensure that miners are able to work safely amidst these potential risks, the gas detectors play an integral role in mine safety management. Fixed and portable gas detectors have become two of the most important tools for mine safety, playing unique and critical roles in continuous monitoring and mobile monitoring respectively.
Fixed gas detectors can be installed throughout the mine to continuously monitor the environment for the presence of harmful gases such as Methane (CH4), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). Fixed gas detection systems are equipped with an alarm function that is automatically triggered when harmful gas concentrations are detected above preset safety limits. For example, if an abnormal gas concentration is detected during a mining operation, an alarm is automatically raised and safety measures are initiated. In addition, fixed systems can remotely shut down an area, isolating the hazard and ensuring the safety of all personnel in an emergency.
Portable gas monitors have a small size and weight that miners can carry with them. These devices can detect in different locations in the mine, including tight and hard-to-reach areas. Before entering the working area of a mine, miners often use portable gas detectors to conduct tests. This can help them determine if there is a leak or build-up of hazardous gases. If the presence of hazardous gases is detected, miners can take the necessary precautions before entering the mine, such as ventilating or waiting for the gas concentration to decrease.
What are the Dangerous Gases in Mines?
- Methane (CH4): Methane is also known as gas, is one of the most common hazardous gases found in underground mines. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly flammable and explosive. Methane is usually released in coal and other mines and accumulates to a certain concentration where mixing with air may cause explosions and fires.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO): Carbon Monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced by incomplete combustion. Carbon Monoxide may be produced in mines by explosions, engines and combustion equipment. It binds to hemoglobin, reducing the Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and posing a hazard to the human body.
- Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S): Hydrogen Sulphide is a pungent-smelling gas often described as "a rotten egg smell". It can be perceived even at low concentrations. High concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide are harmful to the respiratory system and the central nervous system and can lead to poisoning, vomiting, headaches and coma.
- Nitrogen (N2): Nitrogen may accumulate in mines due to poor ventilation or other reasons, leading to hypoxia. Oxygen deprivation can cause breathing difficulties, dizziness and weakness.
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): The release and breakdown of organic substances to form VOCs can occur as a result of microbial decomposition, underground mining activities, the nature of the ore and groundwater, etc. These compounds sometimes accumulate in mines and may have health and safety implications for miners, including respiratory irritation and headaches.
Which Gas Detectors are Used in Mines?
Single Gas Monitors
- Methane (CH4) Gas Detector: It detects the build-up of Methane and sounds an alarm if the Methane concentration exceeds safe limits. Methane gas detectors help maintain CH4 concentrations within safe limits and reduce the risk of explosion.
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) Gas Detector: In underground mine operations, use a CO gas detector can monitor the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in a timely manner and raise an alarm once the concentration exceeds the safe limit, safeguarding the safety of miners.
- Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Gas Detector: Hydrogen Sulfide is a toxic gas that can affect miners' health even at low concentrations. Hydrogen Sulfide gas monitors can detect H2S in advance to ensure the safety of miners.
- Oxygen (O2) Gas Detector: In the mines, too low a concentration of Oxygen may lead to asphyxiation, while too high a concentration of Oxygen may cause a fire or explosion. Oxygen gas detectors can provide timely alarms and remind miners to take necessary measures.
Multi Gas Monitors
Multi gas detectors are very important safety tools in underground mines, helping miners and managers monitor gas conditions in real-time, ensure the safety of the mine environment and take the necessary measures to deal with potential gas risks. Multiple gas monitors are capable of simultaneously monitoring a wide range of hazardous gases such as Methane (CH4), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Oxygen (O2) and more. This integrated monitoring helps miners and managers obtain more comprehensive gas data to assess the safety of the mine environment.
In mines, using gas monitors is critical, whether fixed or portable gas detector equipment. Fixed gas detectors are typically used for long-term monitoring and control of gas concentrations in underground environments, whereas portable gas monitors provide a more flexible means of enabling miners to detect gases in real-time while on the move. Through the combined use of both instruments, mine workers are able to comprehensively monitor gas conditions in the mine environment, thereby reducing the risk of accidents and safeguarding the health and safety of miners.


Sand Gravel Pump
S Series sand gravel pumps are designed to handle very large particles for gravel and dredging operations. S series sand pumps are designed for the continuous handling of the most difficult higher abrasive slurry, containing solids too large to be pumped by a standard slurry pump.
Pump working range
Max Head 230ft (70m)
Max Flow 8,000gpm (4,100m3/h)
2) NPSH — Exceptional NPSHr conditions due to large impeller eyes
3) Large Particles — Large eye openings and vane passages allow for the largest particle flows
4) Expeller (Centrifugal Seal) — Available with low flow water flush or zero flow (grease lubricated) options to provide exceptional sealing where water introduction to the seal is intolerable or limited
5) Stuffing Box — Gland sealing with packing and lantern ring
6) Bearing assembly — A large diameter shaft with short overhang minimizes deflection and contributes to long bearing life. Only four through bolts are required to hold the cartridge type housing in the frame.
8) Frame Base –A very robust one piece frame cradles the cartridge type bearing and shaft assembly. An external impeller adjustment mechanism is provided below the bearing housing for easy adjustment of impeller clearance.


Fluorite Recovery from Ores Tailing by Using Flotation Technique
The purpose of this study is to recover fluorite from ores tailing which derived from fluorite processing plant in Thailand. Flotation technique was undertaken to improve the concentration. Oleic acid, Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC) and sodium silicate were optimized. pH condition was also carried out to find the best condition. The experimental results show that the effective performance when Oleic acid and sodium silicate were utilized at 800g/t and 500g/t respectively. Weak alkaline condition at pH 9 indicated the best effective condition. Therefore, the optimal condition could probably recover fluorite from ores tailing which is great for fluorite flotation in order to raise economic profits.
Keywords - Fluorite Ores Tailing, Froth Flotation, Oleic Acid, Sodium Silicate, Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)


Deaths in Polish mine explosion
At least 13 miners were killed and at least 30 more were hospitalised in Poland. It is the country’s deadliest mining accident since the deaths of 23 miners from methane at the Silesia’s Halemba mine in November 2006. The death toll is expected to increase.
The incident happened approximately 1 kilometre below surface level. Around 40 people were underground at the time of the blast. Twenty-nine made it out themselves but the rest had to be assisted.
Emergency services ferried the casualties to the nearest hospitals. Eighteen were hospitalised at a burns specialist unit in Siemianowice Śląskie; six were hospitalised at Sosnowiec where family members collected outside in an upset manner.


Concept: Chinese professional IoT company Milesight has unveiled LoRa technology to enhance ventilation control for smart underground mining. Based on it, the company’s UG67 outdoor LoRaWAN gateway serves as an interface between the air quality sensor and the cloud platform.
Nature of Disruption: In the mining sector, wired networking has a restricted range, high cost, high maintenance cost, and vulnerability. Short-range technologies, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, do not cover a large enough area, have significant power consumption, and are unable to penetrate deep under the mine environment. LoRa’s deep penetration capability enables data transfer over a long distance while using very little power, making it suitable for smart underground mining applications. The smart ventilation system is intended to meet the aim of dynamic ventilation system control based on hazardous gas concentration measurements. Air quality sensors are used to measure concentrations of CO2, CH4, CO, SO2, H2S, NO2, and other pollutants. Monitoring gas concentrations allows for adaptive ventilation management. The Milesight UG67 LoRaWAN gateway receives data from sensors and transmits it to the management center. As a consequence, the control center may either switch on the ventilation fan to dilute and eliminate pollutants or turn it off to save energy. LoRa’s technology is IP 67 waterproof, uses Semtech SX1302, and has full-duplex radios in its arsenal. This with round-the-clock real-time monitoring reduces downtime after-blast and lessens energy consumption by up to 50%.
Outlook: Mining has long been a major primary sector business in many nations, including Australia. In underground mining, ventilation is the foundation of oxygen supply and the principal way of eliminating hazardous gases. The majority of ventilation systems are built for “worst-case scenarios,” and mine managers frequently operate their ventilation systems at this maximum level without regard for real ventilation demand. As a result, ventilation accounts for a tiny portion of total subterranean energy consumption, although the majority of them are redundant. As a result, it is important to create a ventilation-on-demand system to decrease energy usage while maintaining a safe working environment. The adoption of smart environmental data accumulation and ventilation control systems in underground mines, on the other hand, remains difficult. As a result, Milesight devises a solution to improve smart ventilation management for underground mining using LoRa technology to meet the issue.
This article was originally published in Verdict.co.uk


Gee Heavy Machinery expands product line to become a full-service Komatsu distributor
N. California, January 9, 2024 – Gee Heavy Machinery, the Komatsu Construction equipment dealer in Northern California, is excited to announce the expansion of its product range to include Komatsu Forestry and Mining equipment.
The expanded partnership reinforces Gee Heavy Machinery’s ability to provide top-tier solutions for the forestry and mining sectors, supported by Komatsu’s well-established reputation for quality and innovation.
Key benefits to Gee Heavy Machinery’s customers include access to Komatsu’s state-of-the-art machinery designed to enhance efficiency, productivity, and safety in forestry and mining operations. Gee Heavy Machinery’s customers will also benefit from a broader selection of reliable and technologically advanced equipment, coupled with the expertise and support that Komatsu is known for worldwide.
“We are thrilled to be a full-service Komatsu dealer, as it enables us to offer a complete range of heavy machinery spanning the construction, forestry and mining industries,” said Lee Vanderpool, President and CEO at Gee Heavy Machinery. “Our partnership with Komatsu aligns seamlessly with our mission of providing best-in-class solutions to, creating value for, and winning together with our customers. We are excited about these enhanced offerings and the opportunity to better meet the diverse needs of our clientele.”
Komatsu’s comprehensive range of forestry and mining equipment includes cutting-edge machinery such as excavators, dozers, loaders, and more, all designed to meet the unique demands of these industries. Gee Heavy Machinery’s team of trained professionals are equipped to provide expert advice, support, and maintenance services to ensure that customers experience optimal performance from their Komatsu equipment.
For more information about Gee Heavy Machinery’s partnership with Komatsu or to inquire about the latest forestry and mining equipment offerings, please contact:
Komatsu develops and supplies technologies, equipment and services for the construction, mining, forklift, industrial and forestry markets. For more than a century, the company has been creating value for its customers through manufacturing and technology innovation, partnering with others to empower a sustainable future where people, business and the planet thrive together. Front-line industries worldwide use Komatsu solutions to develop modern infrastructure, extract fundamental minerals, maintain forests and create consumer products. The company’s global service and distributor networks support customer operations to enhance safety and productivity while optimizing performance. To learn more, visit www.komatsu.com.
About Gee Heavy Machinery
Building on more than 40 years of success in the automotive industry, Gee Heavy Machinery is proud to have been selected by Komatsu as its partner in providing customers with premier heavy equipment solutions and unparalleled results. At Gee Heavy Machinery, our mission is clear: “Winning Together With Our Customers, Because When They Win, We Win.” To learn more about our products, services and career opportunities, please visit www.geehm.com.


28/10/2015 – The SHFE approved the Good Delivery listings of Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd’s Zinc brands:- ‘EMC-K’ and ‘HSC-SHG’.
‘EMC-K’ zinc ingots are produced by Kamioka Mining & Smelting Co. Ltd., located at Gifu, Japan.
‘HSC-SHG’ zinc ingots are produced by Hachinohe Smelting Co. Ltd., Aomori, Japan.
Both brands are produced to a miniumum of 99.995% zinc purity. For more information, please go to:- http://www.shfe.com.cn


ProFlote™ US Patent 7429331 is a pre-flotation conditioning technology that substantially improves mineral flotation separation. ProFlote has been installed in mineral processing plants with substantial financial benefits.
|ProFlote Generates Huge Financial Benefits by: |
- ProFlote Selectively Improves Fine Mineral Recovery
ProFlote improves fine mineral recovery by selectively aggregating fine minerals such as chalcopyrite or sphalerite into larger aggregates. These minerals when aggregated float more efficiently with faster kinetics. Gangue minerals remain unaffected.
- ProFlote has Halved the Losses in the <20µm Fraction
Plant results have proven that the recovery of the <20µm fraction is most effected. Some plant results have shown a halving of the losses in these sized fractions.
- ProFlote has Demonstrated 2%-5% Increase in Total Plant Recovery
Plant testing of the ProFlote in mineral processing plants has shown improvements in plant recovery of up to 5%. This can be accompanied by increases in concentrate grade also.
- ProFlote can be Retrofitted to Existing Plants
All current ProFlote installations are in existing plants. Positioning of ProFlote is flexible within the plant.
- ProFlote Operating Costs are Negligible
ProFlote requires a small amount of 80-100psi compressed air. No other utilities are required giving the ProFlote a negligible operating cost.
- ProFlote has a Small Installation Footprint
Depending on plant size and throughput, the ProFlote required for a plant has only a relatively small footprint, making locating of the ProFlote simple.
- ProFlote Installation is Simple
The only requirement is that the flotation feed pass through the ProFlote. ProFlote is supplied with flanged fittings making installation in existing pipe work straightforward, alternatively ProFlote can be installed in existing conditioning tanks.
- ProFlote Generates Large Financial Benefits.
With negligible operating costs, simple installation and large improvements in mineral recoveries ProFlote generates large financial benefits in saleable metal.


Magnetite is a natural ferromagnetic mineral with chemical formula Fe3O4 and the common chemical name ferrous-ferric oxide. Magnetite is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth. Magnetite is a vital material to improve quality of coal in coal washery and power plants.
• Application: Coal washery , Power Plants
• Product No. MP95
• Magnetic Content 95%min
• Magnetic Density 4.5-5%
• Fineness 90% pass through 325 Mesh
• Moisture 10%max


excessive shock loading and may result in serious
damage to the crusher.
All hydrocone crushers are supplied with a feed
hopper with an adjustable feed spout that is adjustable
both vertically and horizontally. Horizontal adjustment
of the spout is accomplished by moving the adjustable
feed spout frame on the feed hopper. Slotted holes in the
upper flange of the feed hopper, and in the feed spout
frame, allow the feed spout to be moved horizontally in
order to position it properly over the feeder plate or
spider cap. The feed spout can be positioned vertically
by using studs and adjusting nuts to fasten the spout to
the frame. The vertical position of the spout controls the
amount of feed going into the hydrocone crusher.
Adjustable feed spout frame construction allows the
mounting of a suitable feedbox. Normally, it is better to
have the incoming feed hit the side of the feedbox, after
which it falls vertically through the feed spout. This is
the most effective way of obtaining proper feed to the
hydrocone crusher (fig. 6-8).
The discharge arrangement setup must allow the
material to discharge freely without backing up
underneath the crusher. Material backing up below and
into the hydrocone crusher can result in serious damage
to the machine.
A straight-down discharge is commonly used with
hydrocone crushers. With this arrangement, crushed
material falls into a stone box below the crusher.
Material passes through a hole in the stone box floor
onto a conveyer belt that carries it away. This discharge
arrangement helps prevent buildup of sticky materials
beneath the crusher.
The crushing chamber is annular (ring shaped).
Rock fed into the top falls between the cone and
the mantle and is crushed as the opening narrows with
the movement of the cone. When the opening widens
again, the pieces fall farther, to be crushed again
as the cone gyrates. The crushing action is similar to
that of a jaw crusher, except the squeeze comes from the
side rather than from the bottom and the curve of the
The cone speed and the distance of travel must
be carefully synchronized. A wide space allows
pieces to fall more freely than a narrow one when the
cone is moving slowly; however, it allows pieces to fall
too far before the next impact. On the other hand, where
the space is narrow and the cone is moving rapidly,
the pieces cannot fall far enough and this causes
production to be low for the amount of power being
DO NOT operate the cone crusher at a
smaller setting than that for which it was
designed. Operation at too small a discharge
Figure 6-8.-Recommended cone crusher feed arrangement.


Name of mining firm: Carrascal Nickel Corp.
Location: Carrascal, Surigao del Norte
Mining area: 4,547.76 hectares
Metals extracted/mine products: Nickel
Nickel production (2020): 2,433,734 dry metric tons (direct shipping ore) valued at P2,867,484,933
Mining permit period: 2007-2032
Incorporation date: Oct. 9, 2006
Hongkong Zhengheng Trading
Zillion Holdings Corp.
Co, Antonio L.
Chan C. Bros, Inc.
Jefco Asia Holdings, Inc.
Co, Peter John T.
Chan Kiong Ki See
Good Gain Holdings Corp.
Chairperson of the Board: Jiang Qingyuan
Current assets: P368.24 million (2019)
Current liabilities: P654.67 million (2019)
Net sale of beneficiated nickel ore: P2.05 billion (2019)
Net income: P92.8 million (2019)
STATUS OF OPERATIONS
Three of the mining companies in Gina Lopez’s 2017 closure order are in Surigao del Sur, namely CTP Construction and Mining Corp., Carrascal Nickel Corp., and Marcventures Mining and Development Corp.
Carrascal Nickel Corp. operates CTP’s MPSA with number 243-2007-XIII (SMR). Carrascal Nickel Corp.’s motion for reconsideration was granted by DENR, which lifted the suspension of its mining operations in 2019.
Municipality class of mining location: Carrascal, Surigao del Sur (4th class)
Population: 22,479 (2015)
Poverty incidence rate: 35.56% (2016)
Human Development Index: 0.55 (2012, provincial)
Indigenous peoples living within or near the mining location: Manobo
IN THE NEWS
General Information Sheet, 2020
Financial Statement, 2019
List of existing Mineral Production Sharing Agreements, Mining and Geosciences Bureau
Philippine Metallic Mineral Production, Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Poverty and socioeconomic indicators, Philippines Statistics Authority
Note: The Human Development Index is a measure of how well a country has performed, not only in terms of real income growth, but also in terms of social indicators that measure people's ability to lead a long and healthy life, acquire knowledge and skills, and have access to the resources needed to afford a decent standard of living. An HDI value below 0.550 is considered low and below 0.399 is very low. The national average for the Philippines is 0.718 as of 2020.
This article was produced with the support of Internews' Earth Journalism Network.— PCIJ, March 2021