Full Prescribing Information
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP, 0.75%/8.25%, 2 mL Single-Dose Ampules
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to it or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide-type.
The following conditions preclude the use of spinal anesthesia:
- Severe hemorrhage, severe hypotension or shock and arrhythmias, such as complete heart block, which severely restrict cardiac output.
- Local infection at the site of proposed lumbar puncture.
LOCAL ANESTHETICS SHOULD ONLY BE EMPLOYED BY CLINICIANS WHO ARE WELL VERSED IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF DOSE-RELATED TOXICITY AND OTHER ACUTE EMERGENCIES WHICH MIGHT ARISE FROM THE BLOCK TO BE EMPLOYED, AND THEN ONLY AFTER INSURING THE IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN, OTHER RESUSCITATIVE DRUGS, CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT, AND THE PERSONNEL RESOURCES NEEDED FOR PROPER MANAGEMENT OF TOXIC REACTIONS AND RELATED EMERGENCIES.
DELAY IN PROPER MANAGEMENT OF DOSE-RELATED TOXICITY, UNDERVENTILATION FROM ANY CAUSE AND/OR ALTERED SENSITIVITY MAY LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACIDOSIS, CARDIAC ARREST, AND, POSSIBLY, DEATH.
Cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in association with local anesthetic use. Although all patients are at risk for methemoglobinemia, patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are more susceptible to developing clinical manifestations of the condition. If local anesthetics must be used in these patients, close monitoring for symptoms and signs of methemoglobinemia is recommended.
Signs of methemoglobinemia may occur immediately or may be delayed some hours after exposure, and are characterized by a cyanotic skin discoloration and/or abnormal coloration of the blood. Methemoglobin levels may continue to rise; therefore, immediate treatment is required to avert more serious central nervous system and cardiovascular adverse effects, including seizures, coma, arrhythmias, and death. Discontinue Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP and other oxidizing agents. Depending on the severity of the signs and symptoms, patients may respond to supportive care, i.e., oxygen therapy, hydration. A more severe clinical presentation may require treatment with methylene blue, exchange transfusion, or hyperbaric oxygen.
Intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics following arthroscopic and other surgical procedures is an unapproved use, and there have been post-marketing reports of chondrolysis in patients receiving such infusions. The majority of reported cases of chondrolysis have involved the shoulder joint; cases of gleno-humeral chondrolysis have been described in pediatric and adult patients following intra-articular infusions of local anesthetics with and without epinephrine for periods of 48 to 72 hours. There is insufficient information to determine whether shorter infusion periods are not associated with these findings. The time of onset of symptoms, such as joint pain, stiffness and loss of motion can be variable, but may begin as early as the 2nd month after surgery. Currently, there is no effective treatment for chondrolysis; patients who experienced chondrolysis have required additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and some required arthroplasty or shoulder replacement.
Spinal anesthetics should not be injected during uterine contractions, because spinal fluid current may carry the drug further cephalad than desired.
A free flow of cerebrospinal fluid during the performance of spinal anesthesia is indicative of entry into the subarachnoid space. However, aspiration should be performed before the anesthetic solution is injected to confirm entry into the subarachnoid space and to avoid intravascular injection.
Until further experience is gained in patients younger than 18 years, administration of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP in this age group is not recommended.
Mixing or the prior or intercurrent use of any other local anesthetic with Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP cannot be recommended because of insufficient data on the clinical use of such mixtures.
The safety and effectiveness of spinal anesthetics depend on proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies. Resuscitative equipment, oxygen, and other resuscitative drugs should be available for immediate use. The patient should have intravenous fluids running via an indwelling catheter to assure a functioning intravenous pathway. The lowest dosage of local anesthetic that results in effective anesthesia should be used. Aspiration for blood should be performed before injection and injection should be made slowly. Tolerance varies with the status of the patient. Elderly patients and acutely ill patients may require reduced doses. Reduced doses may also be indicated in patients with increased intra-abdominal pressure (including obstetrical patients), if otherwise suitable for spinal anesthesia.
There should be careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory (adequacy of ventilation) vital signs and the patient’s state of consciousness after local anesthetic injection. Restlessness, anxiety, incoherent speech, lightheadedness, numbness and tingling of the mouth and lips, metallic taste, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, depression, or drowsiness may be early warning signs of CNS toxicity. Spinal anesthetics should be used with caution in patients with severe disturbances of cardiac rhythm, shock, or heart block.
Sympathetic blockade occurring during spinal anesthesia may result in peripheral vasodilation and hypotension, the extent depending on the number of dermatomes blocked. Patients over 65 years, particularly those with hypertension, may be at increased risk for experiencing the hypotensive effects of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP. Blood pressure should, therefore, be carefully monitored especially in the early phases of anesthesia. Hypotension may be controlled by vasoconstrictors in dosages depending on the severity of hypotension and response of treatment. The level of anesthesia should be carefully monitored because it is not always controllable in spinal techniques.
Because amide-type local anesthetics such as Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP are metabolized by the liver, these drugs, especially repeat doses, should be used cautiously in patients with hepatic disease. Patients with severe hepatic disease, because of their inability to metabolize local anesthetics normally, are at a greater risk of developing toxic plasma concentrations. Local anesthetics should also be used with caution in patients with impaired cardiovascular function because they may be less able to compensate for functional changes associated with the prolongation of AV conduction produced by these drugs. However, dosage recommendations for spinal anesthesia are much lower than dosage recommendations for other major blocks and most experience regarding hepatic and cardiovascular disease dose-related toxicity is derived from these other major blocks.
Many drugs used during the conduct of anesthesia are considered potential triggering agents for familial malignant hyperthermia. Because it is not known whether amide-type local anesthetics may trigger this reaction and because the need for supplemental general anesthesia cannot be predicted in advance, it is suggested that a standard protocol for management should be available. Early unexplained signs of tachycardia, tachypnea, labile blood pressure, and metabolic acidosis may precede temperature elevation. Successful outcome is dependent on early diagnosis, prompt discontinuance of the suspect triggering agent(s) and institution of treatment, including oxygen therapy, indicated supportive measures, and dantrolene. (Consult dantrolene sodium intravenous package insert before using.)
The following conditions may preclude the use of spinal anesthesia, depending upon the physician’s evaluation of the situation and ability to deal with the complications or complaints which may occur:
- Pre-existing diseases of the CNS, such as those attributable to pernicious anemia, poliomyelitis, syphilis, or tumor.
- Hematological disorders predisposing to coagulopathies or patients on anticoagulant therapy. Trauma to a blood vessel during the conduct of spinal anesthesia may, in some instances, result in uncontrollable CNS hemorrhage or soft tissue hemorrhage.
- Chronic backache and preoperative headache.
- Hypotension and hypertension.
- Technical problems (persistent paresthesias, persistent bloody tap).
- Arthritis or spinal deformity.
- Extremes of age.
- Psychosis or other causes of poor cooperation by the patient.
Information for Patients:
When appropriate, patients should be informed in advance that they may experience temporary loss of sensation and motor activity, usually in the lower half of the body, following proper administration of spinal anesthesia.
Inform patients that use of local anesthetics may cause methemoglobinemia, a serious condition that must be treated promptly. Advise patients or caregivers to seek immediate medical attention if they or someone in their care experience the following signs or symptoms: pale, gray, or blue colored skin (cyanosis); headache; rapid heart rate; shortness of breath; lightheadedness; or fatigue.
Clinically Significant Drug Interactions:
Patients who are administered local anesthetics are at increased risk of developing methemoglobinemia when concurrently exposed to the following drugs, which could include other local anesthetics:
Examples of Drugs Associated with Methemoglobinemia:
|Nitrates/Nitrites||nitric oxide, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitrous oxide|
|Local anesthetics||articaine, benzocaine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine|
|Antineoplastic agents||cyclophosphamide, flutamide, hydroxyurea, ifosfamide, rasburicase|
|Antibiotics||dapsone, nitrofurantoin, para-aminosalicylic acid, sulfonamides|
|Anticonvulsants||phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate|
|Other drugs||acetaminophen, metoclopramide, quinine, sulfasalazine|
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility
Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of bupivacaine hydrochloride have not been conducted. The mutagenic potential and the effect on fertility of bupivacaine hydrochloride have not been determined.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Bupivacaine hydrochloride produced developmental toxicity when administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats and rabbits at clinically relevant doses. This does not exclude the use of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP at term for obstetrical anesthesia or analgesia.
Bupivacaine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously to rats at doses of 4.4, 13.3, & 40 mg/kg and to rabbits at doses of 1.3, 5.8, & 22.2 mg/kg during the period of organogenesis (implantation to closure of the hard palate). The high doses are approximately 30-times the daily maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 12 mg/day on a mg dose/m 2 body surface area (BSA) basis. No embryo-fetal effects were observed in rats at the high dose which caused increased maternal lethality. An increase in embryofetal deaths was observed in rabbits at the high dose in the absence of maternal toxicity with the fetal No Observed Adverse Effect Level being approximately 8-times the MRHD on a BSA basis.
In a rat pre- and post-natal development study (dosing from implantation through weaning) conducted at subcutaneous doses of 4.4, 13.3, & 40 mg/kg, decreased pup survival was observed at the high dose. The high dose is approximately 30-times the daily MRHD of 12 mg/day on a BSA basis.
Labor and Delivery
Spinal anesthesia has a recognized use during labor and delivery. Bupivacaine hydrochloride, when administered properly, via the epidural route in doses 10 to 12 times the amount used in spinal anesthesia has been used for obstetrical analgesia and anesthesia without evidence of adverse effects on the fetus.
Maternal hypotension has resulted from regional anesthesia. Local anesthetics produce vasodilation by blocking sympathetic nerves. Elevating the patient’s legs and positioning her on her left side will help prevent decreases in blood pressure. The fetal heart rate also should be monitored continuously and electronic fetal monitoring is highly advisable.
It is extremely important to avoid aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus during administrations of regional block to parturients. To do this, the patient must be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position or a blanket roll or sandbag may be placed beneath the right hip and the gravid uterus displaced to the left.
Spinal anesthesia may alter the forces of parturition through changes in uterine contractility or maternal expulsive efforts. Spinal anesthesia has also been reported to prolong the second stage of labor by removing the parturient’s reflex urge to bear down or by interfering with motor function. The use of obstetrical anesthesia may increase the need for forceps assistance.
The use of some local anesthetic drug products during labor and delivery may be followed by diminished muscle strength and tone for the first day or two of life. This has not been reported with bupivacaine.
There have been reports of cardiac arrest during use of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP 0.75% solution for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical patients. The package insert for Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP hydrochloride for epidural, nerve block, etc., has a more complete discussion of preparation for, and management of, this problem. These cases are compatible with systemic toxicity following unintended intravascular injection of the much larger doses recommended for epidural anesthesia and have not occurred within the dose range of bupivacaine hydrochloride 0.75% recommended for spinal anesthesia in obstetrics. The 0.75% concentration of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP is therefore not recommended for obstetrical epidural anesthesia.
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP is recommended for spinal anesthesia in obstetrics.
Bupivacaine has been reported to be excreted in human milk suggesting that the nursing infant could be theoretically exposed to a dose of the drug. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from bupivacaine, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or not administer bupivacaine, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Until further experience is gained in patients younger than 18 years, administration of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP in this age group is not recommended.
Patients over 65 years, particularly those with hypertension, may be at increased risk for developing hypotension while undergoing spinal anesthesia with Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP.
Elderly patients may require lower doses of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride in Dextrose Injection, USP.
In clinical studies, differences in various pharmacokinetic parameters have been observed between elderly and younger patients.
This product is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
Reactions to bupivacaine are characteristic of those associated with other amide-type local anesthetics. The most commonly encountered acute adverse experiences which demand immediate countermeasures following the administration of spinal anesthesia are hypotension due to loss of sympathetic tone and respiratory paralysis or underventilation due to cephalad extension of the motor level of anesthesia. These may lead to cardiac arrest if untreated. In addition, dose-related convulsions and cardiovascular collapse may result from diminished tolerance, rapid absorption from the injection site, or from unintentional intravascular injection of a local anesthetic solution. Factors influencing plasma protein binding, such as acidosis, systemic diseases which alter protein production, or competition of other drugs for protein binding sites, may diminish individual tolerance.
Respiratory System: Respiratory paralysis or underventilation may be noted as a result of upward extension of the level of spinal anesthesia and may lead to secondary hypoxic cardiac arrest if untreated. Preanesthetic medication, intraoperative analgesics and sedatives, as well as surgical manipulation, may contribute to underventilation. This will usually be noted within minutes of the injection of spinal anesthetic solution, but because of differing maximal onset times, differing intercurrent drug usage and differing surgical manipulation, it may occur at any time during surgery or the immediate recovery period.
Cardiovascular System: Hypotension due to loss of sympathetic tone is a commonly encountered extension of the clinical pharmacology of spinal anesthesia. This is more commonly observed in elderly patients, particularly those with hypertension, and patients with shrunken blood volume, shrunken interstitial fluid volume, cephalad spread of the local anesthetic, and/or mechanical obstruction of venous return. Nausea and vomiting are frequently associated with hypotensive episodes following the administration of spinal anesthesia. High doses, or inadvertent intravascular injection, may lead to high plasma levels and related depression of the myocardium, decreased cardiac output, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias, and, possibly, cardiac arrest.
CNS: Respiratory paralysis or underventilation secondary to cephalad spread of the level of spinal anesthesia (see Respiratory System) and hypotension for the same reason (see Cardiovascular System) are the two most commonly encountered CNS-related adverse observations which demand immediate countermeasures.
High doses or inadvertent intravascular injection may lead to high plasma levels and related CNS toxicity characterized by excitement and/or depression. Restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, or tremors may occur, possibly proceeding to convulsions. However, excitement may be transient or absent, with depression being the first manifestation of an adverse reaction. This may quickly be followed by drowsiness merging into unconsciousness and respiratory arrest.
Neurologic: The incidences of adverse neurologic reactions associated with the use of local anesthetics may be related to the total dose of local anesthetic administered and are also dependent upon the particular drug used, the route of administration, and the physical status of the patient. Many of these effects may be related to local anesthetic techniques, with or without a contribution from the drug.
Neurologic effects following spinal anesthesia may include loss of perineal sensation and sexual function; persistent anesthesia, paresthesia, weakness and paralysis of the lower extremities, and loss of sphincter control all of which may have slow, incomplete, or no recovery; hypotension, high or total spinal block; urinary retention; headache; backache; septic meningitis, meningismus; arachnoiditis; slowing of labor; increased incidence of forceps delivery; shivering; cranial nerve palsies due to traction on nerves from loss of cerebrospinal fluid; and fecal and urinary incontinence.
Allergic: Allergic-type reactions are rare and may occur as a result of sensitivity to the local anesthetic. These reactions are characterized by signs such as urticaria, pruritus, erythema, angioneurotic edema (including laryngeal edema), tachycardia, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, syncope, excessive sweating, elevated temperature, and, possibly, anaphylactoid-like symptomatology (including severe hypotension). Cross sensitivity among members of the amide-type local anesthetic group has been reported. The usefulness of screening for sensitivity has not been definitely established.
Other: Nausea and vomiting may occur during spinal anesthesia.
Acute emergencies from local anesthetics are generally related to high plasma levels encountered during therapeutic use or to underventilation (and perhaps apnea) secondary to upward extension of spinal anesthesia. Hypotension is commonly encountered during the conduct of spinal anesthesia due to relaxation of sympathetic tone, and sometimes, contributory mechanical obstruction of venous return.
Management of Local Anesthetic Emergencies
The first consideration is prevention, best accomplished by careful and constant monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory vital signs and the patient’s state of consciousness after each local anesthetic injection. At the first sign of change, oxygen should be administered.
The first step in the management of systemic toxic reactions, as well as underventilation or apnea due to a high or total spinal, consists of immediate attention to the establishment and maintenance of a patent airway and effective assisted or controlled ventilation with 100% oxygen with a delivery system capable of permitting immediate positive airway pressure by mask. This may prevent convulsions if they have not already occurred.
If necessary, use drugs to control the convulsions. A 50 mg to 100 mg bolus intravenous injection of succinylcholine will paralyze the patient without depressing the central nervous or cardiovascular systems and facilitate ventilation. A bolus intravenous dose of 5 mg to 10 mg of diazepam or 50 mg to 100 mg of thiopental will permit ventilation and counteract CNS stimulation, but these drugs also depress CNS, respiratory and cardiac function, add to postictal depression and may result in apnea. Intravenous barbiturates, anticonvulsant agents, or muscle relaxants should only be administered by those familiar with their use. Immediately after the institution of these ventilatory measures, the adequacy of the circulation should be evaluated. Supportive treatment of circulatory depression may require administration of intravenous fluids, and, when appropriate, a vasopressor dictated by the clinical situation (such as ephedrine or epinephrine to enhance myocardial contractile force).
Hypotension due to sympathetic relaxation may be managed by giving intravenous fluids (such as isotonic saline or lactated Ringer’s solution), in an attempt to relieve mechanical obstruction of venous return, or by using vasopressors (such as ephedrine which increases the force of myocardial contractions) and, if indicated, by giving plasma expanders or whole blood.
Endotracheal intubation, employing drugs and techniques familiar to the clinician, may be indicated after initial administration of oxygen by mask if difficulty is encountered in the maintenance of a patent airway, or if prolonged ventilatory support (assisted or controlled) is indicated.
Recent clinical data from patients experiencing local anesthetic-induced convulsions demonstrated rapid development of hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis with bupivacaine within a minute of the onset of convulsions. These observations suggest that oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are greatly increased during local anesthetic convulsions and emphasize the importance of immediate and effective ventilation with oxygen which may avoid cardiac arrest.
If not treated immediately, convulsions with simultaneous hypoxia, hypercarbia, and acidosis plus myocardial depression from the direct effects of the local anesthetic may result in cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, asystole, ventricular fibrillation, or cardiac arrest. Respiratory abnormalities, including apnea, may occur. Underventilation or apnea due to a high or total spinal may produce these same signs and also lead to cardiac arrest if ventilatory support is not instituted. If cardiac arrest should occur, standard cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures should be instituted and maintained for a prolonged period if necessary. Recovery has been reported after prolonged resuscitative efforts.
The supine position is dangerous in pregnant women at term because of aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus. Therefore during treatment of systemic toxicity, maternal hypotension, or fetal bradycardia following regional block, the parturient should be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position if possible, or manual displacement of the uterus off the great vessels be accomplished.
The mean seizure dosage of bupivacaine in rhesus monkeys was found to be 4.4 mg/kg with mean arterial plasma concentration of 4.5 mcg/mL.


Of all the types of breast pumps available in the market, hospital grade pumps are the most durable and the ones that provide the best strength of suction. Thanks to the pumping mechanism of these pumps you can improve levels of oxytocin and prolactin, which in turn stimulate the production of milk.
Hospital grade breast pumps are also meant to be used by different users safely, according to the FDA. This is possible thanks to the design of these devices which include a barrier that keeps away contamination. To be used this way though, each mom needs her own milk collection kit.
In general hospital grade pumps do a more effective job at expressing milk, with a better suction and comfort. This comes with a downside though: they are bigger and heavier and not really meant to be carried everywhere like single mom electric breast pumps.
When Should You Use a Hospital Grade Breast Pump?
These types of pumps will be most used by moms who need to pump regularly several times a day and those who need to increase their milk supply.
Doctors also recommend using hospital grade breast pumps to feed premature infants or infants with problems such a cleft palate. It is also an invaluable aid for moms who have twins or multiple babies.
They are also helpful in companies that provide moms an office lactation room.
Top Medical Grade Breast Pumps
Medela Symphony Plus Hospital Grade Breast Pump
This is the most advanced breast pump developed my Medela. The Symphony Plus reduces drastically the time you spend expressing milk. It includes Medela’s proprietary 2-Phase Expression, which varies the strength and rhythm of the pumping system to imitate the natural sucking rhythm of your baby.
It also includes a program card, which you use to save your pumping settings, so you can have everything auto-adjust in just a few moments. It works with direct current or with a rechargeable battery pack.
Ameda Elite Electric Breast Pump
The Elite is Ameda’s bet on hospital grade breast pumps, and is widely used by moms in hospitals across America. It includes a piston-driven motor that is controlled thanks to micro-processor technology. Each woman using the Elite needs a HygieniKit Milk Collection System which will allow them to pump safely, completely free of viruses and bacteria.
This breast pump is effective and very durable. The micro-chip technology helps you easily change the strength and speed settings of your pump. The machine itself is not as big as other similar pumps, which makes it a more portable option.
Spectra Baby USA Dew 350 Advanced
I was really surprised when I first tested out the Spectra baby USA Dew 350 Advanced an effective and very portable hospital grade breast pump. At just a fraction of the cost of the previous models, the 350 does a great job at expressing milk safely and comfortable with fully customizable options.
If you are a working mom and need to pump several times a day, you can buy one of these instead of renting a bigger machine. The machine’s power really show its shine when you use it with a single breast shield, it loses a bit of suction power with the dual shield.
While I don’t think it is as good as a bigger hospital grade breast pump, the results come really close, and considering the price that’s saying a lot!
Go to Best Breast Pumps Home


A snoring device (also called a Mandibular Advancement Device(MAD)) looks very similar to a mouth guard.
If your snoring is mainly due to your tongue vibrating – this snoring device may be able to help.
How does this device stop snoring? Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) hold the lower jaw and tongue forward making more space to breathe and thereby stop snoring. If you are a ‘tongue base snorer’ a MAD may be effective for you.
All that is required to make a snoring device for you are impressions of your upper and lower teeth.


- This event has passed.
Insight Behavioral Health Center
June 14, 2018 @ 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
The Eating Recovery Center and Insight Behavioral Health Centers’ Mood and Anxiety Program has joined up with Erasing the Distance to facilitate a mindful night of mental health stories and positive conversations to actively decrease stigma surrounding depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues.
Four stories related to depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and self-harm will be performed. Open to the public, but seating is limited.
This event is free and open to the public. Seating is limited so please make reservations here.


This is a guide to what your puppy will require in the coming months and for the rest of your puppies life.
It is crucial that your puppy be protected against life threatening Distemper, Hepatitis and Parvovirus. The first vaccination is at 6 – 8 weeks of age. A booster vaccination is required at 10 – 12 weeks of age which can include the Canine Cough vaccine. This is recommended if your puppy is going to socialise or board in kennels. Your puppy will then be protected from these diseases for 12 months. A reminder will be sent to you when you next vaccination is due.
Puppies should be wormed from 2 weeks of age against Roundworm, Hookworm, Whipworm and Tapeworm. Puppies need to be wormed every 2 weeks until 3 months of age, then monthly until 6 months of age. Regular worming every 3 months is recommended thereafter.
All dogs are susceptible to Heartworm, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Puppies should receive a heartworm preventative from 12 weeks of age. This can be achieved by giving a monthly chew or a yearly injection.
It is very important to get your puppy desexed regardless of the sex of your pup. In males it reduces the urge to find a bitch in season and makes them less likely to stray. In females it prevents the ability to reproduce and she will not come into season. We recommend desexing your puppy at 5 – 6 months of age. The age can vary depending on breeds, so if you have any concerns please contact us to discuss.
It is important to protect your puppy from fleas to avoid not only irritation and dermatitis, but also prevent contamination of your house with flea eggs. There are a wide range of flea treatments available.
Tick Paralysis – Paralysis ticks are always present in the environment, however we do see an increase in cases in the warmer months. They can be fatal to dogs. Symptoms to watch for are loss of co-ordination, change in bark, coughing, vomiting. If you notice these symptoms seek veterinary advice immediately. There are many effective products to help prevent tick paralysis, and daily searching is recommended. Please ask our staff about protecting your pup from ticks.
There are many companies available that supply insurance for pets at a reasonable rate. They include Petplan, Bow Wow, Prosure etc. Brochures are available at our reception desk or ask one of our staff for more detail.


WHAT IS A VACCINE
A product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease.
A vaccine is a type of medicine that trains the body’s immune system so that it can fight a disease it has not come into contact with before. Vaccines are designed to prevent disease, rather than treat a disease once you have caught it.
Vaccines that contain weak and dead germs such as viruses or bacteria train the immune system to make antibodies just as they do when exposed to disease. Vaccines will not harm and cause disease to a person. The vaccine is given by injection into the body but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
Vaccines are produced from part or all of the structure of a virus or bacteria that has been killed or weakened or from a subunit protein in the virus.
Antigens in vaccines work to stimulate the body's immune system.
Vaccines help the immune system identify certain germs so that the immune system is well prepared to be attacked by real germs.
The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.
Vaccination is a safe, easy and effective way to protect people from any dangerous diseases before they come in contact with each other.
Vaccination will use the body’s natural defenses, making the immune system stronger and to build resistance to certain infections.
HOW DO VACCINES WORK
1. You are given a small amount of a harmless form of a disease
2. Then your body makes antibodies to fight it off
3. Then if you encounter the disease again, your body already has the antibodies, so you don't get sick.
For more information about vaccine covid go to this page www.vaksincovid.gov.my


Berkshire Roots is one of Massachusetts’s leading cannabis cultivation and dispensary operators providing craft-grown cannabis from Berkshire County, the highest elevation in the state. The company’s team members in cultivation, extraction lab and infused products are considered amongst the best in the state. Strict quality control and lab testing ensure patients and consumers experience the ultimate cannabis experience no matter the product type. Berkshire Roots branded product is sold in its own dispensaries and in select stores around the state.
MUST BE 21+ TO VISIT. PLEASE CONFUME RESPONSIBLY. This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. This product has not been analyzed or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There is limited information on the side effects of using this product, and there may be associated health risks. Marijuana use during pregnancy and breast-feeding may pose potential harms. It is against the law to drive or operate machinery when under the influence of this product. KEEP THIS PRODUCT AWAY FROM CHILDREN. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. Marijuana can impair concentration, coordination, and judgment. The impairment effects of Edible Marijuana Products may be delayed by two hours or more. In case of accidental ingestion, contact poison control hotline 1-800-222-1222 or 9-1-1. This product may be illegal outside of MA.


Anxiety is annoying. That’s not usually the first thing you hear people say about this particular mental illness, but it’s the main cause of my grievances with the disorder.
Many people struggle with some form of anxiety. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million adults in the United States age 18 and older, or 18% of the population.
The National Institute for Mental Health explains that, for a person with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety does not go away and can get worse over time. The feelings can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, school work, and relationships.
There are several types of anxiety disorders, and mine is classified as a panic disorder. I classify it as the “annoying” disorder.
Generally speaking, a panic disorder entails panic attacks. Panic attacks are sudden and come without warning. There is sometimes an emotional trigger, but the attacks are largely uncontrollable. There is no way to effectively prevent one from happening, but there are ways to get out of it quicker.
So, why is it the “annoying” disorder you may ask?
- Making plans far in advance never turns out well. (I might be feeling 100% calm and collected one day, but the next being near people feels like an impossible task).
- Having to explain to friends (especially new ones) why you don’t want to hang out.
- Having to explain to teachers why you couldn’t make it to class.
- Expressing unnecessary emotions in public places, resulting in unwanted attention.
The list goes on.
The thing about anxiety disorders is that, for the people who don’t have them, they don’t seem life altering. I get a lot of, “Just calm down, you’re fine” and “you’re not physically ill, suck it up.” However, for the people who do experience them, they hinder every decision made.
The point I am trying to make is that having anxiety would not be as difficult to have if everyone understood it. The fear and judgment connected to anxiety disorders tends to fuel the anxiety rather than help it.
Stay informed. Be respectful.
Much love and coffee,


It has now emerged that up to 7 people have so far died of cholera following an outbreak in areas under the jurisdiction of Galmudug State. Speaking in an interview with the VOA,
Galmudug State Minister for health Ali Dahir Eid confirmed the outbreak saying another 49 people were currently hospitalized with the highly contagious water borne disease.
“There is an outbreak in Abudwak, Bandiradley and Godoon districts in Mudug and Galgaduud regions” confirmed the Minister adding that they have notified the Federal Ministry of Health but no immediate response was received.
“We have notified the Federal government of Somalia about the grave health situation and we expect to receive their assistance although they did not respond to our messages so far” said the Minister.
The minister also confirmed alerting neighboring member States about the outbreak since as a communal society, the Somali people move from one place to another hence creating risks of an outbreak elsewhere. Minister Eid is currently attending an International health conference in The Hague.


Experiencing a burn injury can result in severe physical, emotional and financial challenges. Aside from the initial trauma, burn victims may encounter long-term complications that necessitate extensive medical treatments, such as plastic or reconstructive surgery, ongoing care for infections and various other issues. In such cases, seeking the assistance of a seasoned personal injury attorney like Daniel Moriarty can be invaluable in securing rightful compensation to address these future complications and concerns if a burn injury is caused by negligence.
Daniel Moriarty, with his expertise in Georgia personal injury law, understands the complexities of burn injury cases. He navigates the legal procedures, ensuring that the victim’s rights are protected and advocating for fair compensation that considers future medical needs and complications arising from the burn injury.
Assessment of Future Medical Expenses
Burn injuries often require extensive medical care, including plastic or reconstructive surgery, skin grafts, rehabilitation, and specialized treatments to address complications like infections or scarring. The legal team at Moriarty Injury Lawyer collaborates with medical experts to evaluate and estimate future medical expenses accurately. This assessment is crucial in securing compensation that adequately covers these ongoing treatments and care.
Determining Liability and Damages
In burn injury cases, determining liability is critical. Daniel Moriarty thoroughly investigates the circumstances surrounding the burn injury, identifying responsible parties and assessing the full extent of damages. He works to hold negligent parties accountable, ensuring that victims receive compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering and future anticipated costs resulting from complications.
Dealing with insurance companies can be complex and overwhelming, especially when seeking compensation for future complications from burn injuries. Daniel Moriarty, with his negotiation skills and legal knowledge, communicates and negotiates with insurance representatives on behalf of the victim, striving to secure a settlement that fairly compensates for anticipated future medical costs and long-term care needs.
If a fair settlement cannot be reached through negotiations, the legal team at Moriarty Injury Lawyer is prepared to take the case to court in Georgia. He provides dedicated representation in legal proceedings, presenting a compelling case that highlights the impact of the burn injury and the ongoing complications the victim will face. This aggressive advocacy ensures that the victim’s rights and future needs are advocated for in the courtroom.
Compassionate and Supportive Approach
Beyond legal expertise, Daniel Moriarty offers compassionate support to burn injury victims and their families. He understands the emotional and physical toll of burn injuries and provides guidance and reassurance throughout the legal process, offering a sense of security during a challenging time.
In burn injury cases, the aftermath can be overwhelming, especially when facing the long-term complications and financial burdens associated with ongoing medical care. Daniel Moriarty’s commitment to advocating for burn injury victims extends beyond immediate compensation, ensuring that future complications and concerns are taken into account to secure a settlement that addresses the victim’s evolving needs. His expertise and dedication in pursuing justice and fair compensation play a pivotal role in helping burn victims rebuild their lives and access the necessary resources for their recovery and ongoing care.
If you or a loved one are a burn injury victim due to negligence, please contact our legal team at Moriarty Injury Lawyer. Call our office in Atlanta, GA, for a free legal consultation to discuss your claim.
Posted on behalf of Moriarty Injury Lawyer
865 Greenwood Ave.
Atlanta, GA, 30306
Phone: (404) 600-1794
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Your Patients Expect A Leading-Edge Office, But Can You Afford One?
To stay competitive in the healthcare market today, you need to constantly find new, innovative ways to grow and maintain your practice. You may be providing the best treatment and care, but your practice is also being evaluated daily by your patients on their total office experience, from ease of waiting room registration to exam room ambiance. Patients have high expectations—and they are going online more than ever to share opinions on how an office looks and whether the office and its technology seem up-to-date.
Whether your practice is new or well-established, the major consideration in having a modern office is always the same: Cost.
Building, remodeling, or upgrading an office places heavy demands on your budget but may also be necessary to help your business grow and flourish. A couple of things to consider when planning and budgeting for your practice:
- According to the Q3 2023 RLB Construction Cost Report, commercial construction costs increased over 6% nationwide from 2023 to 2024. When you consider that a typical medical startup costs $350,000, depending on where you are that can mean a $21,000 increase for construction costs alone!
- As technology is ever-changing, so are the options for new medical and dental equipment and systems. As new systems develop, existing equipment becomes obsolete much faster. For example, the life cycle of imaging equipment has shortened from where it was only a decade ago. And as innovations in technology accelerate, we can probably expect that life cycle to decrease even more rapidly.
Avoid these “profit pitfalls” by planning carefully with your team of experts, especially your lending partner. Sometimes the lending policies of financial institutions have not been adjusted to take into account the current higher costs related to healthcare practices, so it can be worth your time to research and find a partner who is well-versed in the current state of the industry. We provide solutions for all aspects of practice expenses for a wide range of medical and dental specialties: increased loan amounts for startups, lines of credit for ongoing costs and expenses, and practice equity loans.


Need a Chiropractor in Frisco, Texas? Turn to Starwood Chiropractic!
A chiropractic adjustment is one of the most common services that chiropractors offer. However, here at Starwood Chiropractic, serving the greater Frisco, TX. area, we have found that many people do not know what a chiropractic adjustment is, when it can be used and how it can benefit you. Our three chiropractors, Dr. Maltezos, Dr. Wise and Dr. Heptig, want to help educate you and answer any questions you may have. Here is more information related to chiropractic adjustments.
What Is a Chiropractic Adjustment?
A chiropractic adjustment is a manual manipulation, typically to the spinal region, meant to manipulate the joint or soft tissue. By firmly thrusting the hands into the area that needs adjustment, a chiropractor is able to release gas trapped within the region, which ultimately helps to relieve pain and pressure on the joint. This helps to relieve pain and increase range of motion. It also helps to align the spine, further reducing pain and future problems.
What Conditions Can a Chiropractic Adjustment Treat?
A chiropractic adjustment has been shown to treat many different conditions. Chiropractic adjustment can be used to treat back injuries, neck injuries, upper shoulder injuries, arm injuries, and even leg injuries. These injuries may have been caused by repetitive motion, car accidents, slip, and fall accidents, workplace accidents, sports or simply by age. Chiropractic adjustments have also been shown to help reduce the frequency of migraines and headaches, help with allergies, relieve pain in pregnancy, reduce stress and help with depression and insomnia.
Does a Chiropractic Adjustment Hurt?
Many people wonder if a chiropractic adjustment hurts. A chiropractic adjustment is not typically painful. If you have a great deal of tension in your body, you may feel some pressure and discomfort as the adjustment is being done. However, an adjustment is fast and swift, so the discomfort and pressure do not last long. Once the adjustment is completed, you will immediately feel pain relief.
What Are the Benefits of Chiropractic Adjustment?
The major benefit associated with chiropractic adjustment is that you are able to get instant pain relief without any invasive treatments or prescriptions that have harmful side effects. This is a natural treatment that is safe to use on people of all ages and can be used to treat a wide array of injuries.
Don't Wait! Book Your Appointment Today!
There are many benefits associated with chiropractic adjustments. If you feel like a chiropractic adjustment may benefit you, now is the perfect time to schedule your appointment. Contact us here at Starwood Chiropractic, located in Frisco, TX. to book an appointment with our chiropractors: Dr. Maltezos, Dr. Wise or Dr. Heptig.


Orthodontics for Children, Teens, and Adults
Braces & Invisalign® in Dallas Fort Worth, TX
Orthodontic Treatment Options
Phase 1 Orthodontics:
Orthodontic problems can become noticeable in a child’s smile from a very young age. By providing treatment when they still have all or most of their baby teeth, we can potentially help avoid more severe problems down the road. This process is known as Phase I Orthodontics and may involve the use of removable oral appliances or recommend at-home interventions for issues like thumb sucking.
Invisalign® Clear Aligners:
Many image-conscious teenagers and adults are interested in improving their smile’s appearance, but they don’t necessarily want to wear noticeable metal braces for the sake of their self-confidence. If your orthodontic problems are relatively minor, Invisalign® clear aligners can be a great compromise! Invisalign® gets rid of brackets and wires entirely by using clear, custom-made thermoplastic aligners that are hardly noticeable. With Invisalign® removable trays, you can continue enjoying all your favorite foods and activities throughout your treatment.
There are several other orthodontic appliances that can provide growing smiles with a plethora of benefits. For instance, a space maintainer can be used if a child loses a baby tooth too early and the space needs to be maintained for their adult tooth to erupt correctly in that space. Other common appliances like palatal expanders can be placed on the roof of your child’s mouth to widen the upper dental arch, giving permanent teeth more room to erupt in a natural position.


The Asian Psychiatry Program at Gracie Square Hospital is designed to meet the specific needs of the Asian psychiatric patient in an inpatient setting. The Program provides culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate mental health services to the Chinese, Korean and Japanese communities. Recognizing that cultural factors influence the way an individual views the causes and treatment of mental illness, the Program permits patients and their families to work within their own cultural framework to maximize successful treatment outcomes and prevent relapse. By providing staff who can communicate in a patient's own language, the Program truly makes patients and their families active members of the treatment team.
The Multidisiplinary Treatment Team
The Asian Program is directed by Board Certified bilingual/bicultural psychiatrists. With the help of a culturally diverse clinical and support staff who speak Mandarin, Cantonese, Chinese ethnic dialects, Korean, Japanese and other Asian languages, patients and their families can understand treatment options and compliance strategies, and truly be active participants in treatment planning. When patients are ready for discharge, bilingual social workers familiar with all available mental health resources within the Asian communities work with patients and their families to organize realistic, effective and culturally appropriate aftercare plans.
Culturally Appropriate Environment
The unit is designed to provide patients with the comforts of their own culture; it is decorated with Asian art, patients are served Chinese food and Chinese tea. Educational materials and newspapers are provided in English and Asian languages.
- Psychiatric assessment and treatment by bilingual psychiatrists
- Comprehensive medical and neurological examination, laboratory and other medical tests as indicated
- Individualized treatment plan
- Multidisiplinary treatment of psychiatric symptoms, including detoxification from addictive substances
- Coordination of concurrent medical and psychiatric treatment
- Nutritional evaluation and dietary education
- All special diets
- Group and individual therapy and activities geared toward relapse prevention and medication compliance
- Comprehensive discharge planning, by bilingual staff, including referral to culturally and linguistically appropriate outpatient providers
- 24-hour, seven-day-a-week on-site coverage by an internist and a psychiatrist
Patients are accepted from a variety of sources, including referrals directly from the community, managed care providers, Health Maintenance Organizations, medical hospitals, nursing homes/extended care facilities, community centers, and private doctors.
Interventions utilized may include psychopharmacology, crisis intervention, group therapy, and stabilization of acute medical symptoms.
When patients are ready for discharge, bilingual social workers familiar with all available mental health resources within the Asian communities work with patients and their families to organize realistic, effective and appropriate aftercare plans. Through our direct affiliations with Asian mental health and medical outpatient providers, community centers, and extended care facilities, we are able to effect the most appropriate and timely referrals.
For information regarding insurance and admission to the Asian program, please contact the Asian Program at:
- Phone: (212) 434-5577
- Fax: (212) 434-5578
Patients may be admitted to the inpatient Asian Program 24 hours a day.


Let’s be honest. The sooner we can get 2020 in the rearview mirror, the better, right? With the pandemic, millions experiencing unemployment, and even “murder hornets” in the Pacific Northwest there for a minute, surely 2021 will be a better year for everyone.
The pandemic really put a magnifying glass on our healthcare system and all of its moving parts. There were early shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators and ongoing scrambles for testing sites and therapeutics. We all witnessed first-hand what our healthcare platforms’ strengths and weaknesses were. So, with all of the country’s brightest minds and innovators on board, what lessons have we learned. And more importantly, what new improvements can we expect for healthcare in 2021?
The Pandemic Shifts Everything
The pandemic has shifted Americans’ priorities. Shelter in place orders had everyone realizing that work and school from home were possible. It also forced families to spend time together, an occurrence that only a year ago seemed so foreign to busy households. COVID-19 has also put healthcare front and center. And even those who are young and healthy are now taking a more serious approach to staying healthy.
How People Connect with Medical Professionals
Healthcare in 2021 is expected to present more virtual options. People will still need to connect with physicians and medical professionals but in a safe environment. Venturing out into busy waiting rooms among the potentially infected can be life-threatening for some individuals. Virtual and tele-health options will become more available to everyone, reducing those unnecessary risks. And with some platforms, doctors can visit with patients, confirm diagnoses, and prescribe medications remotely.
What People Need from their Health Insurance
It used to be that health insurance coverage was a financial safety net to help supplement those unforeseen hospital stays or emergency room visits. But today, people need more from their health insurance providers. Individuals and families alike need their coverages and plans to include other services, including COVID-19 testing, mental health services, and prescriptions. Americans want their insurance to cover healthy lifestyle choices and not just illness and injury remedies.
A New Rising Concern for Comorbidities & Preventive Care
The pandemic also brought more attention to conditions and risk factors. Those with what the experts considered to be comorbidities, including diabetes and asthma, were at more risk of having adverse reactions to the Coronavirus. There are also concerns about Americans forgoing their routine preventive care screenings out of fear of contracting the virus. Postponing mammograms, colonoscopies, and biopsies means missing precious time needed for early diagnosis and recoveries. Healthcare in 2021 will include getting everyone back to performing those much-needed appointments and taking precautions to safeguard those with a risky family medical history or existing comorbidity.
Health Insurance Changes for 2021
Americans can expect a few changes in health insurance coverage options for 2021. And most will be for the better and enhance existing plans and offerings.
An Influx of New Individuals Needing Health Insurance
As millions lost their jobs due to the shuttering of businesses and mitigation efforts, there was an influx of people flocking to the Marketplace. The Affordable Care Act provides affordable health insurance options to anyone experiencing a Qualifying Life Event, including job loss. With so much increased demand in health insurance, experts were speculating that the Marketplace exchanges would see a rise in requests for tax benefit subsidies and a fall in quality plan offerings. But those industry opinions may be wrong.
Premium Costs & Price Fluctuations
There have been some unknowns going into this year’s Open Enrollment regarding the price of health insurance plans for 2021. Some health insurance providers offering coverage options via the Marketplace imposed marginal increases in premiums to help offset some of the healthcare costs associated with COVID-19. But many insurance companies were also able to lower some of their rates. So, when you look to buy a plan for healthcare in 2021, you might spend a modest amount more than you’re used to seeing.
Are Pre-existing Conditions Covered?
The Affordable Care Act was designed, of course, to offer quality health insurance options to all qualifying Americans, at an affordable rate and without regard for pre-existing conditions. But the pandemic and politics both have people wondering if those pre-existing condition protections will remain for healthcare in 2021. And there are speculations about the long-term effects COVID-19 is having on some patients who contract the disease. The good news is you may not have to worry about any immediate changes for 2021 coverage. For now, pre-existing conditions will not determine whether or not you’re eligible for affordable health insurance plans.
Open Enrollment Is Happening Now
If you’re planning for healthcare in 2021, then you more than likely already know that the ACA Marketplace is in Open Enrollment now through December 15th. Now is the time to browse and select the health insurance providers to protect you and your family next year.
Special Enrollment Periods, Catastrophic & Short-Term Plans
If you have insurance now and don’t need to enroll in new coverage for 2021, you’ll still want to know your options. Come 2021, if you find yourself unemployed, you may qualify for a Special Enrollment Period, allowing you to browse the Marketplace for plans. And if times get really tough for you financially, you may even be eligible for catastrophic or short-term health insurance plans.
Finding Available Subsidies
There are subsidies available to help offset the monthly premium rates for plans available on the Marketplace. When you apply, you’ll want to project your potential income and describe your household dynamics. Once approved, you’ll be able to tap into those premium tax benefits to make your healthcare in 2021 that much more affordable.
More Support Around Every Corner
You can also expect that healthcare in 2021 will come with enhanced support, options, and tools at your disposal. The pandemic has forced many industries to innovate in new virtual ways. And the tech segments are improving how data gets transmitted between insurance companies, healthcare providers, and consumers, as well.
Healthcare in 2021 may look a little different than what you’re accustomed to, but in most cases, it’s for the better. And when you’re ready to explore your health insurance plans on the Marketplace, the W3LL professionals are here to help you navigate.
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Micro-needling Skin Therapy
(also referred to as: fractional micro-needling)
Skin Types / Indications:
1. Good for use on: All skin types.
• Skin tightening, lifting and rejuvenation
• Reduction of fine lines and wrinkles
• Improvement of stretch marks
• Minimizing of pore size
• Improvement of keloid, surgical and acne scars
Micro-needling is a fractional micro-needling device with a unique spring-loaded disposable needle tip that uses an automated, vibrating stamp-like motion. The automated needling motion minimizes pain and discomfort, while increasing the effectiveness of treatments by promoting the even absorption of topicals into the skin. The Micro-needling invigorates damaged and aging skin by harnessing the mechanisms associated with the body’s natural wound healing processes. The process is called Percutaneous Collagen Induction Therapy. Each single disposable cartridge contains 11 tiny 33 gauge stainless steel needles. These needles are used to micro-injure the skin at very high speeds and at specific penetration lengths. By creating a small dermal injury to the skin, the body responds with a physiological process that stimulates fibroblasts to create collagen and elastin in the epidermis. This process improves skin thickness, color, texture and evenness.
• Short procedure – typically 40 minutes
• No cross-infection – disposable needles
• Redness lasts for only 12 hours
• Can resume wearing makeup and usual activities the next day
Generally, it is recommended patients have the micro-needling treatment every 4 weeks for 3-6 months for optimum results.


At Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Center, we’re here for you during our regular business hours, and you can always reach us by phone. In case of a medical emergency, please don’t hesitate to dial 911.
If you have any questions or need information about our services, accepted insurance plans, our state-of-the-art facility, or our experienced medical team, please feel free to reach out to us during our standard business hours. We’re here to assist you. Your health and well-being are our top priorities.


Dr. Vincent Ziglioli
Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Dr. Vincent Ziglioli is a board-certified small animal internal medicine specialist in Greenville, SC. He is based out of Greenville, and is available to serve general practice and emergency animal hospitals throughout the Greenville, Spartanburg, and Asheville areas.
Dr. Ziglioli received his undergraduate degree in small animal science from Delaware Valley College in 2008. After earning his doctorate in veterinary medicine from NC State in 2012, he completed a one-year rotating internship in small animal medicine and surgery at Wisconsin Vet School. He then moved to Blacksburg Virginia where he completed an Internal Medicine Residency and dual masters in science at Virginia Tech prior to settling in Greenville South Carolina.
Dr. Ziglioli enjoys all aspects of internal medicine but has a specific interest in gastroenterology and endocrinology. He has extensive experience with abdominal ultrasound and gastrointestinal endoscopy. Dr. Ziglioli emphasizes a team approach when managing and treating the patients while ensuring a complete understanding of the disease and management.
In his free time, Dr. Ziglioli loves to exercise and travel with his partner and spend time at home with their one furry kid (cat).
Achieved board certification through ACVIM
Completed residency at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine
Completed internship at University of Wisconsin Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Earned DVM degree from NC State University College of Veterinary Medicine
Earned MS in Biomedical Veterinary Science from Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary medicine
Graduated from Delaware Valley College with a B.S. in Small Animal Science
M.S Spoor, V. Ziglioli, K. Jacocks. What is your diagnosis? Bronchoalveolar wash fluid from a dog. Vet Clin Pathol. 2019; 48: 777-779.
V. Ziglioli, D.L Panciera, G.C Troy, W. E Monroe, K.M Boes, K.R. Refsal. Effects of Levothyroxine Administration and Withdrawal on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyoid Axis in Euthyroid Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2017; 31: 705-710.
JS Palerme, A. Mazepa, R.G Hutchins, V. Ziglioli, S. Vaden. Clinical Response and Side EffectsAssociated with Testosterone Cypionate for Urinary Incontinence in Male Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Associ. 2017; 53: 285-290.
V.Ziglioli, D. Grant. Parathyroid Testing. Submitted to Clinicians Brief 5/2009-8/2009
K. R. Viviano and V. Ziglioli. Suspected Isolated Pancreatic Enzyme Deficiencies in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2013; 27: 588-591.
Pandiri AR, Hoenerhoff MJ, Ziglioli V, Ton TV, Hong HH, Lahousse SA, Gerrish K4, Auerbach SS, Shockley KR, Bushel PR, Peddada SD, Sills R. Differential Transcriptomic Analysis of Spontaneous Lung Tumors in B6C3F1 Mice: Comparison to Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40: 1141-59.
Send a Message to Dr. Ziglioli
What is a board-certified veterinary internal medicine specialist?
A veterinary internal medicine specialist is a veterinarian who has completed advanced training in internal medicine (including a one-year internship and three-year residency) following graduation from their veterinary college. The residency training culminates with a comprehensive examination covering all aspects of veterinary small animal internal medicine. Once these requirements have been fulfilled, the veterinarian is considered to be a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM).
The umbrella of small animal internal medicine includes many sub-disciplines including gastroenterology (esophageal, stomach and intestinal disease), hepatology (liver and pancreatic disease), endocrinology (hormonal disease), infectious diseases, urology (urinary tract disease), nephrology (kidney disease), respiratory medicine (nose, airway and lung disease), and hematology & immunology (blood cell and immune-disease). In many cases, the signs of a patient may include many of these organ systems. Due to their holistic approach, internal medicine specialists may also manage cases of patients with neurologic, cardiovascular or cancerous diseases, especially when these patients also share diseases within the scope of internal medicine.
Adapted from “What is a Board-Certified Veterinary Internal Medicine Specialist?” on vetspecialists.com.
What is a fear-free certified professional?
Founded in 2016, Fear Free provides online education to veterinary professionals, pet professionals, animal welfare communities, and pet owners. Fear Free courses are developed and written by the most respected veterinary and pet experts in the world, including boarded veterinary behaviorists, boarded veterinary anesthesiologists, pain experts, boarded veterinary internists, veterinary technicians (behavior), experts in shelter medicine, animal training, grooming, boarding, and more.
With all the false (and harmful!) pet information on the internet, Fear Free aims to keep veterinary healthcare teams and pet professionals at the forefront as the true pet health experts. By closely listening to the needs of the profession and those of the new generation of pet owners, Fear Free has become one of the single most transformative initiatives in the history of companion animal practice, providing unparalleled education on emotional wellbeing, enrichment, and the reduction of fear, anxiety, and stress in pets and improving the experience of every human and pet involved.
Adapated from “What is Fear Free?” on FearFreePets.com.


Nasal spray addiction
Nasal spray addiction is a pretty big problem in the Netherlands and Belgium. Many people do not know that a nasal spray based on xylometazoline can only be used for one week at a time. Such nasal sprays are freely available everywhere. As a result, people seem to see less of the danger of continuing to spray. Or they have not read the package leaflet (properly), so they do not know.
What is a nasal spray addiction
The active ingredient xylometazoline makes the nasal mucosa thinner. This causes the stuffy sensation in the nose to disappear. Because the active substances also dilate the blood vessels, the nasal mucosa becomes thicker again. This causes the nose to close again after a while. The consequence; the nasal spray user continues to use the nasal spray to get rid of the nasal congestion. When you keep using the nasal spray for too long, dependence occurs. Without xylometazoline, the nose will simply remain closed. Not breathing freely through the nose is annoying. As a result, many people continue to use the nasal spray. This creates a nasal spray addiction.
Symptoms of a nasal spray addiction
A nasal spray addiction can be recognized by when you use nasal spray daily for more than two weeks. You need the nasal spray to keep the nose clear. You cannot breathe freely without a nasal spray. The xylometazoline affects the cilia and nasal mucous membranes. The cilia provide protection against cold viruses. As a result, this protection is lost, so that the cold complaints increase sooner.
How can Capnasal help with nasal spray addiction
A nasal spray addiction can be remedied. One solution is to simply stop using this xylometazoline nasal spray. This causes the blood vessels to recover and the nasal mucosa will become less thick. The stuffy feeling disappears again. For most people this is not a good solution. It does cause some inconvenience in the recovery period. Another solution is to reduce it per nostril, so that you always have air on one side.
But this is not a good solution for everyone. For people with chronic nasal complaints, Capnasal nasal spray can offer a very good outcome. Capnasal is a completely natural nasal spray. This can be used indefinitely and is not harmful to the nose. In addition, it builds up the resistance of the nasal mucous membranes (note: this process takes about 2 weeks!). The Capsicum annuum tincture stimulates the mucous membrane and gives you a clear feeling in your head. The salt and xylitol cause the mucous membranes to shrink. This reduces mucus production in the nose and it also has an anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, the nose becomes less sensitive to dust from the outside, so that you don’t catch a cold as quickly. This effect can last up to a year. This way you can breathe freely again through the nose in a natural way.
Medical research has also shown that Capnasal is effective for chronic nasal complaints. It has no adverse effect on the sense of smell or the nasal mucous membranes (positive). It is not harmful to the nose, even with regular use. So there is no addictive effect.
For many people it is sufficient to use Capnasal nasal spray for a period of time until the nasal symptoms have disappeared. After that, the complaints can go away for a longer period of time (on average 1 year). This differs greatly from person. Where one bottle is already helped, the other continues to use it regularly. It also doesn’t work for everyone, not every nose reacts to the pepper. In general, people are going to use less and less nasal spray with Capnasal.
Given the many good results with Capnasal, it is definitely worth a try to get rid of the nasal spray addiction!


Philadelphia Judge Overturns Supreme Court’s Generic Reglan Decision in Lawsuit
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in June that consumers may not sue generic drug makers under state laws for failing to warn drug side effects so long as warnings on generic labels are identical to those of their brand name counterparts. In his majority opinion, Justice Clarence Thomas said that the state laws under which such lawsuits are brought conflict with and are therefore pre-empted by federal generic drug regulations. But, despite this ruling, Philadelphia Common Pleas Court Judge Sandra Mazer Moss denied a bid by generic manufacturers to dismiss claims against them in Reglan lawsuits currently proceeding in Pennsylvania mass tort.
Reglan side effects
Reglan is used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. It contains metoclopramide, which works by increasing the movement of stomach muscles, speeding up the rate at which the stomach empties into the intestines. When metoclopramide-containing drugs are used at high doses or for extended periods of time, it can increase the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia resulting from Reglan, which is associated with involuntary movements, such as: movements in the body extremities, lip smacking, grimacing, repetitive chewing, pursing and puckering of the lips, tongue protrusion and rapid eye movements or blinking. Side effects from Reglan were not properly researched and evaluated by the drug makers and inadequate warnings were provided about the risk of developing this movement disorder, especially when the drug is used long-term.
Reglan only approved for short term use
Although Reglan is marketed for treatment of conditions that are often chronic and long-term problems, the medication is only approved for use of less than 12 weeks. Since there is little benefit in treating a long term condition with a short-term treatment, many doctors continue their patients on the medications for more than three months. In fact, about 30% of all prescribed metoclopramide drugs are taken for more than 12 months. The impact of this ruling by Judge Moss can lead to the successful filing of suits against generic manufacturers, something that had previously seemed out of reach, due to the Supreme Court’s ruling. So far, judges like Judge Moss are siding with plaintiffs when it comes to generic Reglan litigation—at least as far as pre-trial proceedings go.


At Foundation Chiropractic, we provide specific, scientific chiropractic care. Drs. Matthew and Taylor Filtz use the latest technology to provide an exact assessment of your spine. Our technique is gentle and specific, making sure that we correct subluxations, and correct your spine’s alignment.
Our goal is to create a foundation of lifelong health and wellness. By aligning your spine, your nervous system can properly control and coordinate all of the functions of the body. Come visit us today and make Foundation your Green Bay chiropractor.
It’s easy to get started. The team at Foundation Chiropractic looks forward to helping you and your family lead a healthy and prosperous life. Simply fill out our short form, or give us a call, and set-up your appointment today.
At Foundation Chiropractic, we provide an in-depth examination that ensures you a scientifically customized plan of care that will address your issues, listen to your needs, and provide you with solutions. Chiropractic care through Foundation Chiropractic can help you achieve a better life through greater health.


The Affordable Care Act changed the health insurance requirements and mandated health insurance. If you fail to purchase the insurance you will have to pay a fine. It is important to get health insurance quickly, since the fine is prorated and you can save money by getting health insurance quickly. Learn where to look for a health insurance policy that will meet the guidelines.
Health Exchanges Through Your State
One way to find qualifying health insurance is to use the health exchanges set up by the government. You can use the exchanges to find out if you qualify for help purchasing your insurance. The exchanges can be confusing and it can take a long time to sort through and register for a policy.
If you are in college still or a young professional, you may still qualify to be on your parents' insurance policy. This can save you money and the fine. You are allowed to stay on your parents' insurance policy until you are twenty-six years old. Another option is to see if your university offers a health insurance policy. This may be more affordable than purchasing your own policy.
Employer Health Insurance
If you work full-time, you likely qualify for health insurance through your employer. All of these insurance policies will qualify under the Affordable Care Act. Often this is the most affordable option, since many employers subsidize the premiums for their employees. You should consider this option or even switching jobs to find an employer that will offer you health insurance. The premiums are taken out before your taxes, which can help to lower your taxable income.
Another option is to go to an independent insurance agency. An agency will compare health insurance policies from several different companies to help you find the most affordable option. Additionally, your agent can help you make sure that the policy you choose will count as coverage under the Affordable Care Act. If you qualify for the tax credit to help you pay for health insurance, you can still use it with one of these policies.
Health Insurance Company
Many health insurance companies offer the opportunity to purchase the health insurance directly from them. However, not all of the policies they offer may qualify under the Affordable Care Act. You can look for health insurance companies online. It is important to make sure you choose a company that is easy for you to use in your area. Some companies do not have very many doctors in-network in parts of the state and you should make sure you choose a policy that is easy to use.


It is hardly surprising that in dismissing the reality of how some slopes truly are slippery, Polly Toynbee this week in the Guardian looked to the U.S. state of Oregon’s experience of assisted suicide to prove her point, asking skeptically, “How often will it be used? After 17 years of Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act 80 people out of 30,000 deaths used it last year.”
Oregon is the jurisdiction where the legalisation of assisted suicide appears to have been least detrimental, making it the poster example for campaigners for a change in Britain’s law. Yet cultural, demographic, and geographic similarities mean that Britain’s near neighbours Netherlands and Belgium offer far more natural comparisons than distant, rural, thinly populated Oregon.
But even if Oregon were the comparison, it still offers a powerful warning of what happens once the law changes, as Lord Falconer proposes, to allow doctors to help people to take their lives. Since 1998, the first full year in which the Death with Dignity Act was in force, the annual rate of deaths from physician-assisted suicide has increased fivefold. Eighty deaths a year might not sound like a lot to Polly Toynbee, but barely four million people live in Oregon; such a death rate, if applied proportionately to England and Wales, would lead to more than 1100 annual deaths from physician-assisted suicide.
Consider, too, what happens in practice. Lord Falconer’s bill, as noted yesterday, leaves it to doctors to decide how public safety should be enforced, neither detailing criteria nor imposing safeguards for assessing patients’ eligibility for physician-assisted suicide. In Oregon between 1998 and 2009 the typical doctor-patient relationship for those who died through physician-assisted suicide was just ten weeks, and was often much shorter. It is hard to see how a doctor, however well-intentioned – and we will come on to this – could reliably assess a patient’s mental state and intention in so brief a period.
The brevity of so many doctor-patient relationships seems to be closely linked to the phenomenon known as “doctor shopping”: many doctors in Oregon, as in Britain, are strongly opposed to physician-assisted suicide, which means that those wanting a doctor to help take their lives have recourse to a small number of doctors. In 2013, for instance, following a similar pattern to 2012, a mere 62 doctors wrote 122 prescriptions for lethal drugs to enable patients to take their own lives. At least one of these doctors, as in the previous year, wrote ten prescriptions. These are doctors, naturally, who are very supportive of the idea of physician-assisted suicide.
‘Doctor shopping’, in this context, leads to patients seeking doctors who will give them the answers they want, which may not be in their best interests, as though ‘choice’ is the greatest good in medical care. It is hard to avoid comparisons with press stories these past years about British doctors who, rather than building relationships with their patients, were instead found to have signed abortion forms without even meeting the women for whom they ought to be caring.
Given Oregon’s experience, it is hardly surprising that the British Medical Association is concerned about how the introduction of physician-assisted suicide to the UK could undermine medical ethics, as well as endangering vulnerable individuals and – as Alice Maynard of Scope points out – undermining society’s attitudes to the weak. Similar views have been expressed by the Royal College of Surgeons, which recognises no circumstances in which physician-assisted suicide should be introduced, noting that a change in UK law would
fundamentally alter the role of the doctor and their relationship with their patient. Medical attendants should be present to preserve and improve life – if they are involved in the taking of life, this creates a conflict that is potentially very damaging.
Disturbing though the reality of Oregon’s physician-assisted suicide laws is, matters are decidedly worse in our densely-populated neighbors, Belgium and the Netherlands. They show just how laws on assisted suicide tend to be elastic: once we decide that it is in some people’s best interests to no longer be alive, we establish the principle that some lives are not worth living; once people get used to this notion, they naturally become willing to expand the range of people who can avail of physician-assisted suicide.
In Belgium, for instance, the number of deaths from physician-assisted euthanasia rose from 235 in 2003 to 1133 in 2011. And in February this year, despite public opposition from doctors including a group of 160 paediatricians, Belgium’s parliament voted to allow euthanasia for terminally ill children who request it and have parental support. Some slopes actually do slip.
Theo Boer, a Dutch former supporter of physician-assisted suicide, has spoken out against Lord Falconer’s bill based on the Dutch experience. He knows what he is talking about: he is a member of one of the Netherlands’ five regional review committees charged with assessing whether instances of euthanasia were conducted in accordance with the law.
Noting how assisted deaths have increased in number by about 15 per cent every year since 2006, such that physician-assisted euthanasia is now “on the way to being a default mode of dying for cancer patients,” Boer has noted that whereas the Netherlands’ law continues to see assisted suicide and euthanasia as exceptions, “public opinion is shifting towards considering them rights”, with corresponding duties on doctors to act. The parallels with Britain’s abortion law are, again, startling.
The law in the Netherlands presupposes an established doctor-patient relationship, but does not demand this, and this ambiguity has led to the Dutch Right to Die Society having founded a network of travelling doctors who typically see a patient just three times before administering drugs to end their life.
Boer has expressed concern about this development and about how the type of patients who are being ‘helped to die’. Numbers of euthanised patients with dementia or psychiatric illnesses are now sharply on the rise, and there have been cases where a large part of the suffering of those given euthanasia or assisted suicide consisted in being aged, lonely or bereaved. These people could, with proper care and support, have lived for years if not decades.
Horrified by these developments, Boer’s warning to Britain is stark:
I used to be a supporter of legislation. But now, with twelve years of experience, I take a different view. At the very least, wait for an honest and intellectually satisfying analysis of the reasons behind the explosive increase in the numbers. Is it because the law should have had better safeguards? Or is it because the mere existence of such a law is an invitation to see assisted suicide and euthanasia as a normality instead of a last resort? Before those questions are answered, don’t go there. Once the genie is out of the bottle, it is not likely to ever go back in again.


Our Unique Approach
At Fairfield County Medical Group, P.C., we practice the “old-fashioned” way - spending time listening to your medical problems and working together to find the best possible therapy for each individual. While many physicians today spend a large part of each patient visit clicking on a computer, we spend that time sitting face-to-face discussing your medical concerns. Beyond providing the best state-of-the-art medical care when you are ill, our goal is to work together with our patients to maintain long-term health through preventive medicine and healthy lifestyle education. Our practitioners and staff are committed to working with you to reach your wellness goals.
Combining Conventional and Integrative Medicine
Our practitioners believe in providing you with an integrative wellness approach by combining the best of conventional and alternative medicine techniques. Integrating evidence-based medicine with nutrition counselling, herb and vitamin supplements, and mind-body techniques enables our staff to help you reach optimal health results. As highly-trained Internists and Subspecialists, we are committed to providing our patients with the most up-to-date medical care. The use of conventional medical therapy with complementary integrative medicine enables the body to heal more naturally.
Our integrative physicians create a close partnership with our patients. We work with each individual to determine the best treatment options to promote health and well-being. With increased focus on preventive medicine, our goal is to help you achieve your optimum health and to maintain a healthy body for life.
Yes, you read it right! We generally see patients on-time! We understand the value of your time and respect it. For our physicians to be able to provide this timely care, please arrive at our office about 5-10 minutes prior to your scheduled appointment time. The physicians at Fairfield County Medical Group, P.C. strongly believe that proper medical care cannot be delivered over the telephone. Our goal is to provide an appointment with one of our Physicians or our Nurse Practitioner in a timely fashion so you can be appropriately evaluated and treated.


The medication is available in 10 mg orally disintegrating tablets not interchangeable with the other brand of vardenafil hydrochloride Levitra 10 mg which is produced in film- coated tablets.
Staxyn tablets work by serving as muscles relaxers and increase blood flow into the penis during sexual stimulation. This helps men suffering from potency problems to achieve and maintain an erection.
Staxyn orally disintegrating tablets are taken as needed usually 60 minutes before sexual activity. The max daily dose of the medication is one tablet of Staxyn. Sexual stimulation is necessary for the medication to start acting. Staxyn tablet is placed on the tongue; it may be taken with or without water and food.
- heart disease, heart rhythm problems;
- heart attack, stroke, or congestive heart failure;
- high or low blood pressure;
- seizures (convulsions);
- blood cell disorders;
- bleeding disorders;
- kidney disease or liver disease;
- astomach ulcers;
- hearing problems;
- vision problems;
- Peyronie’s disease;
- a history of prolonged erections (priapism).
Staxyn like Levitra should not be taken with nitrates for chest pain or heart problems. Staxyn is not to be taken with alpha-blockers or other medications from the list below:
- antibiotics such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), dalfopristin/quinupristin (Synercid), erythromycin (E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin, Pediazole), or telithromycin (Ketek);
- drugs to treat high blood pressure or a prostate disorder, such as alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax);
- heart or blood pressure medication such as diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac), nicardipine (Cardene), or verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan);
- heart rhythm medicine such as amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone), quinidine (Quin-G), procainamide (Procan, Pronestyl), or sotalol (Betapace); or
- HIV/AIDS medicines.
Staxyn contains phenylalanine. In case you have phenylketonuria (PKU), do not use this medication.
Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Staxyn, the mixture of alcohol with this medication can increase certain side effects of Staxyn.
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice may interact with Staxyn and cause risk to your health. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while being treated with this drug.
In case you experience any dangerous or unpleasant side effect of Staxyn, stop using it and visit your doctor.
Do not take Staxyn with similar medications such as vardenafil (Levitra), sildenafil (Viagra) or tadalafil (Cialis).
Staxyn should be used with caution in patients suffering from hepatic impairment, renal insufficiency and in men older than 65 years of old.


For hundreds of years, tooth loss meant dentures. And over those hundreds of years, dentures have become more realistic, more secure, and more comfortable.
Now, however, Dr. Chan and Dr. Phan and our team have the technology to replace missing teeth with dental implants that look just like our natural teeth, that are firmly anchored in the jaw just like our natural teeth, and that are easy to clean and care for just like our natural teeth. If you are debating the merits of both kinds of tooth replacement, here are some comparisons to consider.
No matter how securely dentures are attached, no matter how “new and improved” your adhesive is, dentures are not anchored in the bone as implants are. There is always the possibility—or worrying about the possibility—of slipping, clicking and other noises, and problems with speech and pronunciation.
Implants fuse with the bone in your jaw, so the base of the implant acts like the root of your natural tooth. Biting, chewing, speaking, and appearance are unaffected, because implants function just like “real” teeth.
Full dentures and partial dentures should be removed every night. Placing them in a mild cleaning solution or soaking them in water is important to help them keep their shape. Ideally, dentures should be removed and rinsed every time you eat.
With implants, you treat them as you treat your natural teeth. Brush, floss, and see your dentist regularly for exams and cleanings. No need to add to your daily to-do list.
When you wear dentures, foods like apples, pork chops, and corn on the cob are probably off the menu. Let’s not even think about the occasional caramel! Some denture users also notice that food doesn’t taste as flavorful, because dentures which cover the roof of the mouth also cover the taste buds located on the soft palate.
Implants function just like your natural teeth, so feel free to indulge in your crisp and chewy favorites—and savor every bite.
- Health Considerations
First, missing teeth can eventually affect the structure of our jawbones and change our facial appearance. The bone tissue which supports our teeth needs the stimulation of biting and chewing to stay healthy. Without that stimulation, the bone ridge under the missing tooth gradually shrinks, a process called “resorption.” Not only does this bone loss affect the stability of the denture and the health of the bone, it also affects our facial appearance, especially the lips, cheeks, and profile.
Implants, on the other hand, provide the same kind of pressure and stimulation to the jawbone that natural teeth do. Preventing further bone loss is a wonderful additional benefit of choosing dental implants.
Second, fixed bridges can impact neighboring teeth. To provide a base to anchor either side of a fixed bridge, your heathy teeth might need to be ground down and shaped to fit the bridge attachment.
Implants do not affect neighboring teeth, and, unlike bridgework, are easier to clean and floss, thus reducing the risk of decay in the adjacent teeth.
Loose and ill-fitting dentures can cause irritation and even infection. And because the jawbone begins shrinking when teeth are lost, your dentures will start to fit less comfortably even over their fairly limited lifespan as the contour of your bone continues to change.
Implants can cause a bit of discomfort in the days immediately after surgery, but pain should be manageable with over the counter or prescription pain relief. (Pain that lasts longer than two weeks should be reported to Dr. Chan and Dr. Phan right away.) Once you have healed, there should be no further discomfort.
It’s true that dentures can cost less than individual or multiple implants. However, bridges and dentures are meant to be replaced every five to ten years. An implant is meant to last a lifetime. When you factor in the need for regular replacements, you might find that implants are a very competitive economic alternative to dentures.
Finally, if you are uncertain about choosing implants because you are missing several teeth, there are still implant options to consider. Dr. Chan and Dr. Phan can place several implant posts strategically, which will then be used to hold a bridge or even a full denture. These types of implants still provide stimulation to the bone beneath, and have the stability that only implants provide.
If you have missing teeth, dentures are no longer your only option. Talk to Dr. Chan and Dr. Phan at our Plano and Carrollton office today for all of the possibilities that are available to you for a healthy, beautiful, and complete smile.