Emesent launches Hovermap, the world’s first autonomous LiDAR mapping payload for industrial drones
Leading SLAM-based solution delivers a step-change in time, cost and actionable data for industrial drone inspections.
Denver, Colorado. January 29th 2019.
Australian tech start-up Emesent announced today at the International LiDAR Mapping Forum (ILMF) in Denver-CO, the commercial availability of their revolutionary Hovermap™ drone payload, which dramatically improves the value of drone-based asset inspection and mapping.
Hovermap is a self-contained plug-and-play payload which is easily integrated into a range of drones to provide them with advanced capabilities.
It includes omni-directional LiDAR-based collision avoidance and GPS-denied flight, allowing drones to be flown safely underground, indoors or up close to structures to inspect and map them.
Hovermap also provides world-leading SLAM (Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping) capability, allowing accurate LiDAR mapping even when GPS is not available.
Speaking at ILMF, Emesent CEO and Co-Founder Dr Stefan Hrabar highlighted the unique value that Hovermap offers:
“Hovermap is the first drone payload of its kind, using LiDAR to provide both mapping and autonomy functions. It allows drones to fly autonomously even in GPS-denied environments to collect valuable data that was not previously possible. This provides a step change in the data collection possibilities for Mining, Energy, Construction, Asset Management and many more”.
“There is increasing demand for these industries to digitise and remotely inspect their assets but access to hazardous areas and the lack of GPS has been a limiting factor until now. Hovermap’s unique capabilities are helping to overcome these hurdles”, says Dr Hrabar.
Hovermap keeps the drone a safe distance from assets while mapping them in great detail. Bridges, telecom towers, power transmission towers and industrial plant interiors are just a few examples that can now be mapped and inspected safely.
In the underground mining industry, Hovermap allows the mapping of hazardous inaccessible areas such as stopes and ore passes.
According to Dr Hrabar, “sending in a Hovermap-enabled drone to autonomously map and explore these areas keeps the surveyors safe and provides data at unprecedented resolution and quality. This data provides new valuable insights, leading to productivity gains and increased safety from better understanding of the geology”.
The commercial launch comes after more than five years of R&D by world-leading researchers in drone autonomy and SLAM-based LiDAR mapping, as well as extensive testing over the last 18 months by early adopters in the US, Canada, Australia, China and Japan.
Matt MacKinnon of Canadian-based UAS Inc. explains: “We’ve been using Hovermap to fly into inaccessible areas of underground mines to map them. We’ve conducted more than 60 commercial flights in 12 mines, capturing extremely valuable data for our clients without putting humans at risk. Hovermap truly is a game-changer for underground mining and other GPS-denied environments”.
Mr Shinji Inaba, president of Mirukuru Co., said that “they are proud to have been an early adopter of Hovermap since April 2017 and they are now an Emesent distributor in Japan”.
“We’ve been testing and demonstrating Hovermap extensively to enterprise customers in energy, construction, telecom, rail and road, forestry etc. Hovermap’s unique features have led to significant demand and we’re excited to be fulfilling our first purchase orders now that Hovermap is commercially available”, says Mr Inaba.
For a video showing the Hovermap mapping workflow and examples, see below.
- Mining Magazine: Getting total cover with Hovermap.
- CIO Australia: Data61 spin-out launches LIDAR-mapping autonomous drone payload product.
- C-Drone Review: Australia’s Emesent launches Hovermap drone payload at International LiDAR Mapping Forum.
- Mining International: Emesent Hovermap is first autonomous LiDAR mapping payload for mining drones.
- sUAS News: Hovermap autonomous GPS denied LiDAR mapping.
- Spar3D: Emesent releases Hovermap, a payload that turns your UAV into a powerful autonomous mapper (that doesn’t need GPS).
- UAS weekly: Emesent Launches Hovermap, Autonomous LiDAR Mapping Payload For Drones.
For more information contact us or email Dr Stefan Hrabar, Emesent’s CEO on email@example.com
Click here for a list of our distributors.


K&E Fabricating Company, Inc. was formed in 1978 in Buffalo, New York at the intersection of Keating and Elk Street. Over its 36 year history the company has changed locations 3 times due to steady growth and with each move has increased the fabrication area of its shop facilities which now totals approximately 250,000 square feet. K&E has provided in shop design and custom fabrications of structural steel, ductwork, stacks, tanks, and other fabrications for clients including owners and contractors in the utilities, power, chemical, refining, manufacturing, institutional, and other industrial markets. In 2013 the fabrication facility relocated to its present location to accommodate the expanding business opportunities. During this move Management formed a field construction division to develop and market plant maintenance service solutions for power producers and industries across the Northeastern United States. This new service enabled K&E to enhance its service to existing clients by being better able to meet the customer's daily operational needs and requirements through the servicing and repair of boilers and all other associated equipment.
K&E assembled a team of talented professionals including executive directors, project managers, estimators, QA/QC, safety experts, supervisors, field engineers, and skilled craftspeople who are committed to building lasting relationships with their customers by producing a quality product and loyal service that meets the highest standards of excellence. Key employees have a combination of over 100 years of experience in the field construction industry and bring a wealth of industry knowledge, expertise, and insight to the markets they serve. As a result, they are able to handle complex challenges with reliability and skill as well as provide cost effective solutions for their customers immediate and long term goals. Their expertise is in boiler maintenance and erection, consistent and dependable service, inspection , maintenance planning, ASME code welding, tube replacement, bag houses, ductwork, breeching, stacks, precipitators, FGD, SCR, HRSG, structural steel, low nox burners/ gas conversions, condensers, heat exchangers, feed water heaters, air heaters, mechanical equipment and piping, incinerators, fans, refractory, insulation, and lagging.
Safety is vital to K&E and there is 0 tolerance for noncompliance with the safety program. The company takes great pride in its wide range of staff and dedicated employees who share in the company's commitment and enforcement of safety procedures. This is emphasized and administered by a full time Safety Manager with over 40 years' experience in the construction industry. The Safety Manager is responsible for continual on the job safety training and supervision within the shop as well as with all workers on the job sites. Safety is crucial to K&E for their continued business success. As customers expect and demand strict adherence to safety guidelines. The goal at K&E is to have employees performing work at companies' facilities in a safe and efficient manner. Safety guidelines are detailed in K&E's Safety and Health Program Manual. Guidelines for Fall Protection , Aerial Lifts, Ladders, Stairways, and Scaffolding are not just random procedures for casual observance. K&E employees and their workers must follow the manual's safety guidelines to maintain customer satisfaction. Therefore, K&E leads by example. Safety and the company's continual business success go hand in hand. Safety is priority one at K & E Fabricating. It is the policy of K&E to establish and maintain an effective accident prevention and safety program on project whether in the shop or on the job site.
K&E Management and Project Managers have an enormous amount of experience in the utility industry market including the following project types.
Past Project management experience for individuals employed at K&E include:
In conclusion K&E has a dedicated and proven group of individuals who have the ability to work as part of team comprised of Owners and EPC Contractors to successfully complete any Power Plant project.


Honda debuted their entire 2012 Civic line this week at the New York International Auto Show. The Civic line, known for fuel efficiency, includes a gas powered Civic sedan and coupe, a high performance Civic Si Coupe, a gas/electric Civic Hybrid, a Civic powered by natural gas, and the all new Civic HF. The HF was seen for the first time publicly here in New York.
The Honda Civic has been a mainstay for the brand for years because of its combination of style, function, and value. Starting at just $15,605, these all new Civics will not disappoint. So what is new about the 2012 Civic? A full technology makeover accounts for most of the changes, but subtle style changes are apparent as well. With gas prices climbing above $4.00 per gallon the fact the car has improved fuel economy by as much as 8% is change that has more impact now ever before. The Hybrid model boasts 44 mpg city, higway, and combined. This makes Civic the most fuel efficient sedan in the U.S. market.
The technology changes in the 2012 Civic range from entertainment, to handling, to safety. A 5 inch LCD “inteligent” multi-information display (iMID) provides access to multiple customizable features. Eco Assist technology helps drivers become more fuel efficient by providing feedback. Safety technology used in the Civic includes crumple zones, air bags, air cushions, and a 4 channel anti-lock braking system.
Overall the Civic stays true to its tradition while evolving into a more stylish style coupled with the latest in technological advances.


About Klesk Metal Stamping Co.
Klesk Metal Stamping Co. has been supplying quality stampings since 1963.
Our philosophy is to supply the best in high quality precision stampings at a competitive price, delivered on time, and with a commitment from management to provide an excellent working environment. Coupled with state of the art equipment, Klesk Metal Stamping Co. has the capabilities to supply parts to a wide range of industries including but not limited to Aerospace, Computer, Construction, Dental, Electronics, Government, Military, Medical, Recreation, and Telecommunications. We manufacture parts from a wide range of materials including most metals, plastics, synthetics, rubber, and cloth to mention a few. Klesk Metal Stamping specializes in doing the near impossible, so please challenge us. We're staffed with outstanding personnel and outfitted with the latest technology and equipment to serve your needs now and into the future.


Plate chain line, plate chain assembly line, plate chain conveyor line are divided into: heavy plate chain assembly line and light plate chain assembly line. The heavy-duty plate chain assembly line is sometimes called the partition assembly line, and it is generally used as ground logistics transportation equipment. The heavy-duty plate chain assembly line is widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, home appliances (TVs, washing machines, refrigerators, etc.), large electrical appliances, electromechanical industries and other industries. The heavy-duty plate chain assembly line can usually be combined with the suspension assembly line, the drum assembly line, the hoist, etc. to form a three-dimensional automatic production line, and make full use of their respective advantages to achieve the effect of improving production efficiency, reducing labor costs, and ensuring product quality. It is the automation of modern large-scale enterprises. The combined form of production. Heavy-duty plate chain assembly line conveyor chain plates are made of stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum alloy. The frame material is usually carbon steel.
Working principle of plate chain line, plate chain assembly line, plate chain conveyor line:
The machine is mainly composed of a head wheel, a tail wheel, a conveyor chain, a casing and a driving device. Symmetrical L-shaped round steel is welded at regular intervals on the conveyor chain to carry animal materials. When the chain assembly line is working, the chain at the bottom of the machine trough moves forward to increase the internal pressure of the material in the machine trough, and the internal friction between the material particles increases accordingly. When the internal friction of the material is greater than that between the material and the wall of the machine trough During friction, the material moves forward continuously along with the conveyor chain.
Technical characteristics of plate chain line, plate chain assembly line and plate chain conveyor line:
1. The material with high conveying efficiency flows as a whole in the machine trough of the chain assembly line, so a small machine trough space can convey a large amount of materials, and the external dimensions of the equipment are correspondingly smaller.
2. Low energy consumption The machine uses the friction force in the material to transport, and the conveyor chain and the casing move without friction. Under the conditions of the same conveying volume and longer conveying distance, the power consumption of this machine is about 40% lower than that of the spiral assembly line.
3. Low failure rate The rollers on the conveyor chain roll on the guide rails, and there is no friction between the conveyor chain and the casing. The chain is made of alloy steel heat treatment, and its normal service life is about 3 years, and the failure rate during operation is low. Except for the head and tail bearings, there is no lubrication point in the assembly line.


No-one has yet discovered an original wiring diagram specifically for the FWD Alvis. However, remnants of original electrical systems on surviving cars show that it was a Lucas system, similar to that fitted to contemporary rear wheel drive Alvis cars, in particular the sporting versions of the 12/50, as seen at this link:
12/50 wiring diagram
The original sports 12/50 system is a bit too simple for modern driving conditions, in that it does not provide for a horn, nor brake lights, nor for twin rear lamps. However, we know that the long-chassis FWD cars did have some of these features. A wiring diagram for the 1928 TA14.75 Alvis is available, which can be used as a guide to what should be fitted on the FWD:
TA14.75 (six cylinder) wiring diagram
From the above two diagrams, a suitable circuit for the FWD, for modern traffic conditions, has been drawn up, as found at this link:
FWD wiring diagram
This makes use of some information from the Parts Specifications, which identify certain items of electrical equipment. If anyone considers that this diagram is in error or can be improved, please contact the website manager at the link on the home page.


Just as you wouldn’t drive your car for years without servicing it, you shouldn’t run your HVAC system without routine maintenance.
We offer a biannual preventative maintenance plan to keep your units in great condition year round.
We also do repairs on all types of units, whether we installed it or not.
Preventative Maintenances include:
- Checking thermostat calibration.
- Cleaning and adjustment of furnace burner assembly.
- Cleaning Furnace ignition assembly
- Checking Combustion Air.
- Testing Units Starting and Stoping capabilities.
- Examination of Heat Exchanger for damage and corrosion.
- Monitor Flue Draft.
- Testing safety controls.
- Inspect all piping.
- Cleaning and/or replacement of standard filters.
- Measuring air flow.
- Tightening all electrical connections.
- Measuring all volts and amps.
- Lubrication of all moving furnace parts
- Cleaning and adjustment of blower components.
- Cleaning Condensate drain and ensuring a clear exit.
- Measuring Air Temp difference between supply air and return air.
- Adjustment of pilot.
- Monitor Heat/AC cycles.
- Examination of the condition of equipment area and clearances.
Just a FEW Preventative Maintenance Advantages:
- Lower energy bills
- Improved health and safety
- Decreased risk of system breakdowns
- Reduced need for emergency repairs
- Greater peace of mind
- Increased efficiency of your system


Duramate Automatic Waterer, 16 quart
Duramate Automatic Waterer
Automatically deliver clean running water to livestock and horses by simply installing this Duramate Waterer. This dependable, float-controlled, 16 quart capacity waterer hooks up to a standark 3/4 inch garden hose and delivers fresh water in above-freezing temperatures. Includes a durable metal float cover and metal mounting hardware for over-the-fence or on-the-wall installation. Molded from impact-resistant polyethylene resin. Made in the USA.
Key Features of the Duramate:
- includes metal float cover
- includes 30" of hose with a female hose attachment
- adjustable float maintains constant water level
- connects to standard ¾" garden hose
- delivers fresh water 24/7
- operates at pressure between 20 and 50 psi
- includes mounting hardware
- 16 quart capacity
Dimensions: 17½" x 14½" x 10½"
- Brand: Little Giant
- Color: Black
- Dimensions: 17.5" x 14.25" x 10.5"


NYC tests hybrid garbage trucks
The New York City Department of Sanitation is testing out four models of hybrid diesel-electric garbage trucks as it considers how to upgrade its fleet. The trucks have been designed to look and operate like typical, all-diesel powered trucks but use 30% less fuel and produce 30% less emissions. They accomplish these reductions by generating energy in an electric motor when the trucks slow down and storing it in a battery to be used in tandem with the diesel engine. Garbage trucks are ideal for this technology because they make frequent stops, regenerating energy several times on each block. The city plans to assess the four models over the next year before beginning to purchase up to 300 new vehicles per year.
(via The New York Times)


What is ALLBONDS™ PE?
ALLBONDS™ PE is a lightweight aluminum composite panel consisting of two sheets of smooth .02″ aluminum thermally bonded to a polyethylene (PE) core in a continuous process. These panels are offered in a wide range of finishes and colors featuring world class Kynar® 500 PVDF premium coating. Stock panels come in a variety of thicknesses (3mm, 4mm, 6mm), widths (50” or 62”), and lengths (122”, 146”, or 196”), however custom lengths and thicknesses can be ordered. Please contact our customer service team for more details.


When it comes to construction projects, cost-effectiveness is a top priority. Metal buildings have gained popularity due to their affordability, durability, and versatility. Here we will explore five ways constructing metal buildings can help you save money in various aspects of construction and maintenance, making them a smart choice for budget-conscious individuals and businesses.
One of the significant advantages of constructing metal buildings is their lower construction costs compared to traditional construction methods. Metal building components are often pre-engineered and fabricated off-site, reducing labor and material costs. Additionally, the assembly process is faster and more efficient, resulting in reduced construction time and associated expenses. By opting for a metal building, you can save significantly on construction costs, making it an attractive option for those working within a budget.
Metal buildings are known for their excellent energy efficiency. They can be insulated with high-quality materials, reducing heat transfer and improving temperature regulation. This insulation helps to keep the interior comfortable and minimizes the need for excessive heating or cooling. Consequently, constructing metal buildings versus traditional builds can significantly lower energy consumption, reducing utility bills over time. The long-term energy savings make metal buildings a cost-effective choice for both residential and commercial applications.
Metal buildings require minimal maintenance compared to traditional structures. Metal is resistant to rot, pests, and weather damage, reducing the need for costly repairs or replacements. Additionally, metal buildings are known for their durability and longevity, withstanding harsh environmental conditions for many years. The reduced maintenance and repair costs associated with constructing metal buildings translate into long-term savings and greater peace of mind for property owners.
Insurance providers often consider metal buildings a lower risk due to their fire-resistant properties and structural stability. As a result, insurance premiums for finished metal buildings tend to be lower than those for traditional structures. By opting for a metal building, you can potentially save a significant amount of money on insurance premiums over the lifespan of the building.
Metal buildings offer great flexibility in terms of design and future expansion. The clear-span construction of metal buildings allows for versatile floor plans, providing ample space for various purposes. Additionally, metal buildings can be easily modified or expanded in the future, minimizing the need for costly renovations or additional construction projects. This adaptability allows businesses and homeowners to accommodate changing conditions and growth without incurring substantial expenses.
Metal buildings offer numerous cost-saving benefits in construction projects. From lower construction costs and energy efficiency to minimal maintenance requirements, insurance savings, and the flexibility for future expansion, metal buildings provide an excellent opportunity to save money while ensuring durability and functionality. Consider a metal building for your next construction project to maximize cost-effectiveness. Westward Metal Buildings in Texas has over a decade of experience in constructing metal buildings. Contact us today to make your dream project a reality.


Due to continued expansion at Blackburn Starling an opportunity has arisen for a Fabrication Design Engineer to join our team. The ideal candidate will undertake the detailed mechanical and fabrication design of our products (i.e. including Panel and Sub-Contract) in accordance with the established Company standards and to provide designs to production which will allow manufacture in an efficient and timely manner.
The job holder will report to the Engineering Manager.
To prioritise workload (in conjunction with the Engineering Manager) and ensure that designs are issued to the Factory to keep Production effectively employed and to meet the overall dates required by the Company and its’ Clients.
- To design and document in compliance with the Quality Management System of the Company.
- To be involved, where identified, in product enhancement and development with the Engineering Manager, Chief Engineer or Technical Director.
- To ensure that the Company Standards are maintained and developed to ensure that the manufacture of the parts is undertaken in an efficient manner, using the correct tools, maximising sheet utilisation (i.e. using multiple nesting where agreed), increasing machine run times etc.
- To develop efficiencies and enhancements to maximise design output and reduce waste.
- To provide innovative solutions and improvements to the product design and working practices to create efficiencies within the Business.
- To be responsible for the Mechanical/Fabrication Design, Development and Technical Liaisons with Suppliers, Factory and Site associated with all orders assigned.
- To investigate and develop alternative working systems (e.g. 3D CAD) to further improve accuracy and efficiency.
Several years' experience in a multi-disciplinary engineering environment
2D drafting skills, qualifications and experience
3D modelling skills, qualifications and experience
Solid Edge, Solidworks and other 3D applications skills, qualifications and experience
Working knowledge of Microsoft packages
Demonstrable experience of working within the water industry.
Ability to work in a busy manufacturing environment and to prioritise a varied workload and demonstrate good time management to comply with deadlines
Excellent communication skills
No Agencies please
Please note that Blackburn Starling & Company Ltd is an equal opportunities employer.


Technical Education and Vocational Training
DLT Group has established a specialized factory under the company name “Bedo Arabia” that is considered the first of its kind in Arab, Islamic and African levels and is an international competitor for the world’s largest factories, which uses the latest technologies to provide innovative solutions in training using advanced devices and equipment to qualify the youth efficiently for the local and international labor market.
- Faculties of technology
- Faculties of Engineering
- Fast training centres
- Educational and technological communities
- Technical education schools
- Vocational training centres
- Faculties of technical and industrial education
Education and Technical, Engineering and Technological Training
Education and Technical, engineering, technological and vocational training is considered a basis of human development and an economic and social issue in present time, and tops the priorities and concern of the states and communities. In view of its importance, necessity and direct and indirect effect in people’s life in different fields, it’s become a must to have training and vocational enters and faculties that meet the needs of the states and the requirements of the internal and external market including the professional human cadres pursuant to the followed international standards in such field, which increases the economic growth rates, lowers the unemployment rates and ups the worker’s productive efficiency as well.
The Arab and Islamic world is known for its abundance of human resources especially given the high percentage of young people in comparison with countries around the world, if the youth are transformed from a burden on national resources to a productive force through developing their productive capacities and efficiencies while providing them with skills, experiences and renewed knowledge through education and professional technical, engineering and technological training.
Is to be the pioneer company in designing, making and implementing projects and training Arab and Islamic youth and to be within the world’s best companies in efficiency and quality.
As it is known, the countries of Arab and Islamic world suffer of a severe shortage in trained workers, technicians and proficient workers in operation, maintenance and services. For these reasons, the idea of establishing a company specialized in this field under the title “BEDO ARABIA” has emerged.
BEDO ARABIA Company’s message is to work on developing the educational and training environment through using modern technologies to introduce creative solutions that provide students with the 21st century skills and prepare them for the local and international work market.
BEDO ARABIA Company is not just a factory manufacturing devices but our business is expanding to include big, distinguished and different solutions and modern trends in education development field such as Virtual Labs.
BEDO ARABIA, due to the different components it has and in cooperation with the companies subject to the group of education and training companies, has become one of the powerful competitive companies in the market and in present- ing different and effective solutions in the fields of developing systems and technologies of technical and engineering education and vocational training and introducing integrated solutions “Turnkey Solutions” that include supplying labs with furniture.
We haven’t been content with the competition in local market, but we sought towards internationality, which is our goal to introduce the Arabic industry to the world.
To develop technical and engineering education in Arab and Islamic world.
The industrial renaissance of any country is associated with the establishment of a company for manufacturing educational and technical equipment.
The pressing need for finding educational equipment that fit our curriculum and to be supported with Arabic language.
To reach the highest levels and standards of quality adopted by the country. Integrated solution.
- Over 92 experienced employees.
- 35 research and development engineers.
- The headquarters area is 6700 sm.
- 380 educational, engineering and technological products. 15 agents around the world.
- Building Strategies
- Education and Training Methods
- Curriculum and Content
- Educational solutions and products
- Manufacturing Devices


Perpetual motion describes “motion that continues indefinitely without any external source of energy; impossible in practice because offriction.” It can also be described as “the motion of a hypothetical machine which, once activated, would run forever unless subject to an external force or to wear”. There is a scientific consensus that perpetual motion in an isolated system would violate the first and/orsecond law of thermodynamics.
Machines which extract energy from seemingly perpetual sources—such as ocean currents—are capable of moving “perpetually” (for as long as that energy source itself endures), but they are not considered to be perpetual motion machines because they are consuming energy from an external source and are not isolated systems (in reality, no system can ever be a fully isolated system). Similarly, machines which comply with both laws of thermodynamics but access energy from obscure sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines, although they also do not meet the standard criteria for the name.
Despite the fact that successful isolated system perpetual motion devices are physically impossible in terms of the current understanding of the laws of physics, the pursuit of perpetual motion remains popular.
There is a scientific consensus that perpetual motion in an isolated system violates either the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, or both. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a statement of conservation of energy. The second law can be phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive of which is that heat flows spontaneously from hotter to colder places; the most well known statement is that entropy tends to increase (see entropy production), or at the least stay the same; another statement is that no heat engine (an engine which produces work while moving heat from a high temperature to a low temperature) can be more efficient than a Carnot heat engine.
In other words:
- In any isolated system, one cannot create new energy (first law of thermodynamics)
- The output power of heat engines is always smaller than the input heating power. The rest of the energy is removed as heat at ambient temperature. The efficiency (this is the produced power divided by the input heating power) has a maximum, given by the Carnot efficiency. It is always lower than one
- The efficiency of real heat engines is even lower than the Carnot efficiency due to irreversible processes.
The statements 2 and 3 only apply to heat engines. Other types of engines, which convert e.g. mechanical into electromagnetic energy, can, in principle, operate with 100% efficiency.
Machines which comply with both laws of thermodynamics by accessing energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines, although they do not meet the standard criteria for the name. By way of example, clocks and other low-power machines, such as Cox’s timepiece, have been designed to run on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. These machines have a source of energy, albeit one which is not readily apparent so that they only seem to violate the laws of thermodynamics.
Machines which extract energy from seemingly perpetual sources – such as ocean currents – are indeed capable of moving “perpetually” until that energy source runs down. They are not considered to be perpetual motion machines because they are consuming energy from an external source and are not isolated systems.
One classification of perpetual motion machines refers to the particular law of thermodynamics the machines purport to violate:
- A perpetual motion machine of the first kind produces work without the input of energy. It thus violates the first law of thermodynamics: the law of conservation of energy.
- A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics (see also entropy). The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
- A more obscure category is a perpetual motion machine of the third kind, usually (but not always) defined as one that completely eliminates friction and other dissipative forces, to maintain motion forever (due to its mass inertia). Third in this case refers solely to the position in the above classification scheme, not the third law of thermodynamics. Although it is impossible to make such a machine, as dissipation can never be 100% eliminated in a mechanical system, it is nevertheless possible to get very close to this ideal (see examples in the Low Friction section). Such a machine would not serve as a source of energy but would have utility as a perpetual energy storage device.
Use of the term “impossible” and perpetual motion
October 1920 issue of Popular Science magazine, on perpetual motion. Although scientists have established them to be impossible under the known laws of physics, perpetual motion continues to capture the imagination of inventors. The device shown is a “mass leverage” device, where the spherical weights on the right have more leverage than those on the left, supposedly creating a perpetual rotation. However, there are a greater number of weights on the left, balancing the device.
“Epistemic impossibility” describes things which absolutely cannot occur within our current formulation of the physical laws. This interpretation of the word “impossible” is what is intended in discussions of the impossibility of perpetual motion in a closed system.
The conservation laws are particularly robust from a mathematical perspective. Noether’s theorem, which was proven mathematically in 1915, states that any conservation law can be derived from a corresponding continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system. This means that if the laws of physics (not necessarily the current understanding of them, but the actual laws, which may still be undiscovered) and the various physical constants remain invariant over time — if the laws of the universe are fixed — then the conservation laws must hold. On the other hand, if the conservation laws are invalid, then much of modern physics would be incorrect as well.
Scientific investigations as to whether the laws of physics are invariant over time use telescopes to examine the universe in the distant past to discover, to the limits of our measurements, whether ancient stars were identical to stars today. Combining different measurements such as spectroscopy, direct measurement of the speed of light in the past and similar measurements demonstrates that physics has remained substantially the same, if not identical, for all of observable history spanning billions of years.
The principles of thermodynamics are so well established, both theoretically and experimentally, that proposals for perpetual motion machines are universally met with disbelief on the part of physicists. Any proposed perpetual motion design offers a potentially instructive challenge to physicists: one is almost completely certain that it can’t work, so one must explain how it fails to work. The difficulty (and the value) of such an exercise depends on the subtlety of the proposal; the best ones tend to arise from physicists’ own thought experimentsand often shed light upon certain aspects of physics. So, for example, the thought experiment of a Brownian ratchet as a perpetual motion machine was first discussed by Gabriel Lippmann in 1900 but it was not until 1912 that Marian Smoluchowski gave an adequate explanation for why it cannot work. However, during that twelve year period scientists did not believe that the machine was possible. They were merely unaware of the exact mechanism by which it would inevitably fail.
The law that entropy always increases, holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell’s equations — then so much the worse for Maxwell’s equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation — well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the second law of thermodynamics I can give you no hope; there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation.—Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, The Nature of the Physical World (1927)
In the mid 19th-century Henry Dircks investigated the history of perpetual motion experiments, writing a vitriolic attack on those who continued to attempt what he believed to be impossible:
“There is something lamentable, degrading, and almost insane in pursuing the visionary schemes of past ages with dogged determination, in paths of learning which have been investigated by superior minds, and with which such adventurous persons are totally unacquainted. The history of Perpetual Motion is a history of the fool-hardiness of either half-learned, or totally ignorant persons.”—Henry Dircks, Perpetuum Mobile: Or, A History of the Search for Self-motive (1861)
|This section needs additionalcitations for verification.(August 2010)|
|“||One day man will connect his apparatus to the very wheelwork of the universe […] and the very forces that motivate the planets in their orbits and cause them to rotate will rotate his own machinery.||”|
Some common ideas reoccur repeatedly in perpetual motion machine designs. Many ideas that continue to appear today were stated as early as 1670 by John Wilkins, Bishop of Chester and an official of the Royal Society. He outlined three potential sources of power for a perpetual motion machine, “Chymical Extractions”, “Magnetical Virtues” and “the Natural Affection of Gravity”.
The seemingly mysterious ability of magnets to influence motion at a distance without any apparent energy source has long appealed to inventors. One of the earliest examples of a magnetic motor was proposed by Wilkins and has been widely copied since: it consists of a ramp with a magnet at the top, which pulled a metal ball up the ramp. Near the magnet was a small hole that was supposed to allow the ball to drop under the ramp and return to the bottom, where a flap allowed it to return to the top again. The device simply could not work: any magnet strong enough to pull the ball up the ramp would necessarily be too powerful to allow it to drop through the hole. Faced with this problem, more modern versions typically use a series of ramps and magnets, positioned so the ball is to be handed off from one magnet to another as it moves. The problem remains the same.
Gravity also acts at a distance, without an apparent energy source. But to get energy out of a gravitational field (for instance, by dropping a heavy object, producing kinetic energy as it falls) one has to put energy in (for instance, by lifting the object up), and some energy is always dissipated in the process. A typical application of gravity in a perpetual motion machine is Bhaskara‘s wheel in the 12th century, whose key idea is itself a recurring theme, often called the overbalanced wheel: Moving weights are attached to a wheel in such a way that they fall to a position further from the wheel’s center for one half of the wheel’s rotation, and closer to the center for the other half. Since weights further from the center apply a greater torque, the result is (or would be, if such a device worked) that the wheel rotates forever. The moving weights may be hammers on pivoted arms, or rolling balls, or mercury in tubes; the principle is the same.
Yet another theoretical machine involves a frictionless environment for motion. This involves the use of diamagnetic or electromagnet levitation to float an object. This is done in a vacuum to eliminate air friction and friction from an axle. The levitated object is then free to rotate around its center of gravity without interference. However, this machine has no practical purpose because the rotated object cannot do any work as work requires the levitated object to cause motion in other objects, bringing friction into the problem. Furthermore, aperfect vacuum is an unattainable goal since both the container and the object itself would slowly vaporize, thereby degrading the vacuum.
To extract work from heat, thus producing a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, the most common approach (dating back at least to Maxwell’s demon) is unidirectionality. Only molecules moving fast enough and in the right direction are allowed through the demon’s trap door. In a Brownian ratchet, forces tending to turn the ratchet one way are able to do so while forces in the other direction aren’t. A diode in a heat bath allows through currents in one direction and not the other. These schemes typically fail in two ways: either maintaining the unidirectionality costs energy (Maxwell’s demon needs light to look at all those particles and see what they’re doing)[dubious – discuss], or the unidirectionality is an illusion and occasional big violations make up for the frequent small non-violations (the Brownian ratchet will be subject to internal Brownian forces and therefore will sometimes turn the wrong way).
Buoyancy is another frequently-misunderstood phenomenon. Some proposed perpetual-motion machines miss the fact that to push a volume of air down in a fluid takes the same work as to raise a corresponding volume of fluid up against gravity. These types of machines may involve two chambers with pistons, and a mechanism to squeeze the air out of the top chamber into the bottom one, which then becomes buoyant and floats to the top. The squeezing mechanism in these designs would not be able to do enough work to move the air down, or would leave no excess work available to be extracted.
The 8th century Bavarian “magic wheel” was a disc mounted on an axle powered by lodestones, claimed to be able to rotate forever.
Villard de Honnecourt in 1235 described, in a 33 page manuscript, a perpetual motion machine of the first kind. His idea was based on the changing torque of a series of weights attached with hinges to the rim of a wheel. While ascending they would hang close to the wheel and have little torque, but they would topple after reaching the top and drag the wheel down on descent due to their greater torque during the swing. His device spawned a variety of imitators who continued to refine the basic design.
Following the example of Villard, Peter of Maricourt designed a magnetic globe which when mounted without friction parallel to the celestial axis would rotate once a day and serve as an automatic armillary sphere.
In 1607 Cornelius Drebbel in “Wonder-vondt van de eeuwighe bewegingh” dedicated a Perpetuum motion machine toJames I of England. It was described by Heinrich Hiesserle von Chodaw in 1621. Also in the 17th century, Robert Boyle‘s proposed self-flowing flask purports to fill itself through siphon action and Blaise Pascal introduced a primitive form of roulette and the roulette wheel in his search for a perpetual motion machine.
In the 18th century, Johann Bessler (also known as Orffyreus) created a series of claimed perpetual motion machines. In 1775 the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris issued the statement that the Academy “will no longer accept or deal with proposals concerning perpetual motion”.
In the 19th century, the invention of perpetual motion machines became an obsession for many scientists. Many machines were designed based on electricity. John Gamgeedeveloped the Zeromotor, a perpetual motion machine of the second kind. Devising these machines is a favourite pastime of many eccentrics, who often devised elaborate machines in the style of Rube Goldberg or Heath Robinson. Such designs appeared to work on paper, though various flaws or obfuscated external energy sources are eventually understood to have been incorporated into the machine (unintentionally or intentionally).
Proposals for such inoperable machines have become so common that the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has made an official policy of refusing to grantpatents for perpetual motion machines without a working model. The USPTO Manual of Patent Examining Practice states:
With the exception of cases involving perpetual motion, a model is not ordinarily required by the Office to demonstrate the operability of a device. If operability of a device is questioned, the applicant must establish it to the satisfaction of the examiner, but he or she may choose his or her own way of so doing.
And, further, that:
A rejection [of a patent application] on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specific grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion. A rejection under 35 U.S.C. 101 for lack of utility should not be based on grounds that the invention is frivolous, fraudulent or against public policy.
The filing of a patent application is a clerical task, and the USPTO won’t refuse filings for perpetual motion machines; the application will be filed and then most probably rejected by the patent examiner, after he has done a formal examination. Even if a patent is granted, it doesn’t mean that the invention actually works; it just means that the examiner thinks that it works, or that he couldn’t figure out why it wouldn’t work.
The USPTO maintains a collection of Perpetual Motion Gimmicks as Digest 9 in Class 74
The USPTO has granted a few patents for motors that are claimed to run without net energy input. Some of these are:
|Howard R. Johnson, U.S. Patent 4,151,431|
- Johnson, Howard R., U.S. Patent 4,151,431 “Permanent magnet motor“, April 24, 1979
- Baker, Daniel, U.S. Patent 4,074,153 “Magnetic propulsion device“, February 14, 1978
- Hartman; Emil T., U.S. Patent 4,215,330 “Permanent magnet propulsion system“, December 20, 1977 (this device is related to the Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy (SMOT)),
- Flynn; Charles J., U.S. Patent 6,246,561 “Methods for controlling the path of magnetic flux from a permanent magnet and devices incorporating the same“, July 31, 1998
- Patrick, et al., U.S. Patent 6,362,718 “Motionless electromagnetic generator“, March 26, 2002
- Green, Willie A., U.S. Patent 6,526,925 “Piston Driven Rotary Engine“, March 4, 2003 “Fluid driven device utilizing a leveraged system with minimal displacement“
- Goldenblum, Halm, U.S. Patent 6,962,052 “Energy generation mechanism, device and system“, November 8, 2005 “A chamber with a partition which lets gas molecules flow one way and not the other. The pressure which builds up on one side of the partition is used to drive a generator.“
- Flynn, Joe, U.S. Patent 6,246,561 “Methods for controlling the path of magnetic flux from a permanent magnet and devices incorporating the same“, June 12, 2001
- Gates; Glenn A., U.S. Patent 6,523,646 “Spring driven apparatus“, February 23, 2003 “Energy is stored in the springs and power is generated by way of the various forces which cause the springs to wind and unwind.“
- McQueen; Jesse, U.S. Patent 7,095,126 “Internal energy generating power source“, August 22, 2006 “An external power source such as a battery is used to initially supply power to start an alternator and generator. Once the system has started it is not necessary for the battery to supply power to the system. The battery can then be disconnected. The alternator and electric motor work in combination to generate electrical power.” Examiners: Schuberg, Darren ; Mohandesi, Iraj A.
- Haisch, et al. U.S. Patent 7,379,286 “Quantum vacuum energy extraction“, May 27, 2008 “[…] converting energy from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum available at any point in the universe to usable energy in the form of heat, electricity, mechanical energy or other forms of power. […] When atoms enter into suitable micro Casimir cavities a decrease in the orbital energies of electrons in atoms will thus occur. Such energy will be captured in the claimed devices. Upon emergence form such micro Casimir cavities the atoms will be re-energized by the ambient electromagnetic quantum vacuum. […] process is also consistent with the conservation of energy in that all usable energy does come at the expense of the energy content of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum.”
In 1979, Joseph Newman filed a US Patent application for his “energy machine” which unambiguously claimed over-unity operation, where power output exceeded power input; the source of energy was claimed to be the atoms of the machine’s copper conductor. The Patent Office rejected the application after the National Bureau of Standards measured the electrical input to be greater than the electrical output. Newman challenged the decision in court and lost.
Other patent offices around the world, such as the United Kingdom Patent Office, have similar practices. Section 4.05 of the UKPO Manual of Patent Practice states:
Processes or articles alleged to operate in a manner which is clearly contrary to well-established physical laws, such as perpetual motion machines, are regarded as not having industrial application.
Examples of decisions by the UK Patent Office to refuse patent applications for perpetual motion machines include:
- Decision BL O/044/06, John Frederick Willmott’s application no. 0502841
- Decision BL O/150/06, Ezra Shimshi’s application no. 0417271
The European Patent Classification (ECLA) has classes including patent applications on perpetual motion systems: ECLA classes “F03B17/04: Alleged perpetua mobilia …” and “F03B17/00B: [… machines or engines] (with closed loop circulation or similar : … Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop; Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind …”.
In the late 19th century the term “perpetual motion” increasingly became associated with fraud and since then inventors have referred to perpetual motion devices using various alternatives such as “over-unity”, “free energy”, “zero point energy“. Here are some representative examples of contemporary proposed perpetual motion designs:
- Motionless Electromagnetic Generator, a device that supposedly taps vacuum energy.
- Perepiteia, a device that claims to utilize back EMF.
- There continue to be frequent claims of water powered cars, which purportedly work by converting water into hydrogen and harnessing the energy of hydrogen combustion. The combustion process, in turn, reproduces water vapor, thus qualifying the process as perpetual motion.
Apparent perpetual motion machines
Even though they fully respect the laws of thermodynamics, there are a few conceptual or real devices that appear to be in “perpetual motion.” Closer analysis reveals that they actually “consume” some sort of natural resource or latent energy, such as the phase changes of water or other fluids or small natural temperature gradients. In general, extracting large amounts of work using these devices is difficult to impossible.
Some examples of such devices include:
- The drinking bird toy functions using small ambient temperature gradients and evaporation.
- A capillarity based water pump functions using small ambient temperature gradients and vapour pressure differences.
- A Crookes radiometer consists of a partial vacuum glass container with a lightweight propeller moved by (light-induced) temperature gradients.
- Any device picking up minimal amounts of energy from the natural electromagnetic radiation around it, such as a solar powered motor.
- The Atmos clock uses changes in the vapor pressure of ethyl chloride with temperature to wind the clock spring.
- A device powered by radioactive decay from an isotope with a relatively long half-life; such a device could plausibly operate for hundreds or thousands of years.
- The Oxford Electric Bell and Karpen Pile driven by dry pile batteries.
- Cox’s timepiece and the Beverly Clock powered by changes in atmospheric pressure.
- In flywheel energy storage, “modern flywheels can have a zero-load rundown time measurable in years.”
- Once spun up, objects in the vacuum of space—stars, black holes, planets, moons, spin-stabilized satellites, etc.—continue spinning almost indefinitely with no further energy input. Tide on Earth is dissipating the gravitational energy of the Moon/Earth system at an average rate of about 3.75 terawatts.
- In certain quantum-mechanical systems (such as superfluidity and superconductivity), dissipation-free “motion” is possible.
In some cases a thought (or “gedanken”) experiment appears to suggest that perpetual motion may be possible through accepted and understood physical processes. However, in all cases, a flaw has been found when all of the relevant physics is considered. Examples include:
- Maxwell’s Demon: This was originally proposed to show that the Second Law of Thermodynamics applied in the statistical sense only, by postulating a “demon” that could select energetic molecules and extract their energy. Subsequent analysis (and experiment) have shown there is no way to physically implement such a system that does not result in an overall increase in entropy.
- Brownian Ratchet: In this thought experiment, one imagines a paddle wheel connected to a ratchet. Brownian motion would cause surrounding gas molecules to strike the paddles, but the ratchet would only allow it to turn in one direction. A more thorough analysis showed that when a physical ratchet was considered at this molecular scale, Brownian motion would also affect the ratchet and cause it to randomly fail resulting in no net gain. Thus, the device would not violate the Laws of thermodynamics.
Free energy suppression
Because perpetual motion claims have been around for some time, conspiracy theories are often invoked to explain the lack of acceptance and/or availability of such technology.
This is a gallery of some of the perpetual motion machine plans.
The “Capillary Bowl”. It was thought that thecapillary action would keep the water flowing in the tube, but since the cohesion force that draws the liquid up the tube in the first place holds the droplet from releasing into the bowl, the flow is not perpetual.
- History of perpetual motion machines
- Incredible utility (patent concept)
- Entropy production
- Pathological science
- ^ a b Angrist, Stanley (January 1968). “Perpetual Motion Machines”. Scientific American218 (1): 115–122.
- ^ http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/perpetual+motion
- ^ http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/perpetual%2Bmotion?q=perpetual+motion
- ^ Rao, Y. V. C. (2004). An Introduction to Thermodynamics. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press (India) Private Ltd.. ISBN 81-7371-461-4. Retrieved August 2010.
- ^ An alternative definition is given, for example, by Schadewald, who defines a “perpetual motion machine of the third kind” as a machine that violates the third law of thermodynamics. See Schadewald, Robert J. (2008), Worlds of Their Own – A Brief History of Misguided Ideas: Creationism, Flat-Earthism, Energy Scams, and the Velikovsky Affair, Xlibris, ISBN 978-1-4636-0435-1. pp55–56
- ^ Wong, Kau-Fui Vincent (2000). Thermodynamics for Engineers. CRC Press. p. 154.ISBN 978-0-84-930232-9
- ^ Akshoy, Ranjan Paul; Sanchayan, Mukherjee; Pijush, Roy (2005). Mechanical Sciences: Engineering Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. Prentice-Hall India. p. 51. ISBN 978-8-12-032727-6
- ^ Barrow, John D. (1998). Impossibility: The Limits of Science and the Science of Limits. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851890-7.
- ^ Goldstein, Herbert; Poole, Charles; Safko, John (2002). Classical Mechanics (3rd edition). San Francisco: Addison Wesley. pp. 589–598. ISBN 0-201-65702-3
- ^ “The perpetual myth of free energy”. BBC News. 9 July 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2010. “In short, law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Denying its validity would undermine not just little bits of science – the whole edifice would be no more. All of the technology on which we built the modern world would lie in ruins.”
- ^ “CE410: Are constants constant?”, talkorigins
- ^ Harmor, Greg; Derek Abbott (2005). “The Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet”.Parrondo’s Paradox Research Group. School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Univ. of Adelaide. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ^ Dircks, Henry (1861). Perpetuum Mobile: Or, A History of the Search for Self-motive. p. 354. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ^ Jenkins, Alejandro (May 2012). “Self-oscillation”. arXiv. pp. 4-5.
- ^ Mark E. Eberhart:Feeding the fire: the lost history and uncertain future of mankind’s energy,p.14
- ^ a b Lynn Townsend, White Jr (1960). “Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology”. The American Historical Review 65 (3): 522–526.
- ^ “Wonder-vondt van de eeuwighe bewegingh”
- ^
- ^ MIT, “Inventor of the Week Archive: Pascal : Mechanical Calculator”, May 2003. “Pascal worked on many versions of the devices, leading to his attempt to create a perpetual motion machine. He has been credited with introducing the roulette machine, which was a by-product of these experiments.”
- ^ “600 Parts, Form, and Content of Application – 608.03 Models, Exhibits, Specimens”. Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (8 ed.). August 2001
- ^ “700 Examination of Applications II. UTILITY – 706.03(a) Rejections Under 35 U.S.C. 101”. Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (8 ed.). August 2001
- ^ a b c Pressman, David (2008). Nolo. ed. Patent It Yourself (13, illustrated, revised ed.). Nolo. p. 99. ISBN 1-4133-0854-6.
- ^ Peterson, Ivars (1 June 1985). “A patent pursuit: Joe Newman’s ‘energy machine’ – inventor fights for patent on machine that generates more energy than it takes in from external sources”. Science News.
- ^ Peterson, Ivars (5 July 1986). “NBS Report Short Circuits Energy Machine”. Science News. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
- ^ Manual of Patent Practice, Section 4. United Kingdom Patent Office
- ^ See also, for more examples of refused patent applications at the United Kingdom Patent Office (UK-IPO), UK-IPO gets tougher on perpetual motion, IPKat, 12 June 2008. Consulted on June 12, 2008.
- ^ Patents Ex parte decision (O/044/06)
- ^ http://www.patent.gov.uk/patent/p-decisionmaking/p-challenge/p-challenge-decision-results/o15006.pdf
- ^ ECLA classes F03B17/04 and F03B17/00B. Consulted on June 12, 2008.
- ^ WO application 2008037004, Kwok, James, “An energy storage device and method of use”, published 2008-04-03
- ^ Munk, W.; Wunsch, C (1998). “Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing”.Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers 45 (12): 1977. Bibcode1998DSRI…45.1977M. doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00070-3.
- ^ Ray, R. D.; Eanes, R. J.; Chao, B. F. (1996). “Detection of tidal dissipation in the solid Earth by satellite tracking and altimetry”. Nature 381 (6583): 595. Bibcode1996Natur.381..595R. doi:10.1038/381595a0.


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It is important to have the right tools for each job that you do. The same is true when determining which Jib Crane is going to be right for your needs. Each Jib crane has its own purpose and place. The three types of crane that we will look at are the freestanding jib, the wall bracket jib, and foundationless jib.
Let us first look at the freestanding jib crane. The freestanding jib has a circular coverage area. One great feature of this jib is that it offers more head room than other cranes. It can be placed closer to an overhead ceiling or structure. The electric hoist is quiet and emissions free. This crane is great for outdoor use as well, in an area such as a loading dock. The jib boom is sturdy and can withstand constant use. It can be made at home for applications below a larger bridge crane. This crane works best in open areas. This will allow the crane to be used for multiple service areas. It can be overlapped with other jibs to offer a staged work area.
Next, we will look at wall bracket cranes. With wall bracket cranes you can have coverage in individual work areas. They can be used for applications along the walls and columns of your building. These work great in production plants at various work stations that are near a wall or support column. These can work in addition to an overhead or monorail crane. They provide localized coverage, which saves time over using the overhead crane for a smaller job. These wall bracket jibs can have up to two hundred degrees rotation, and this feature is usually powered.
Foundationless jibs are the last option we will discuss. These crane structures are a true piece of innovation at work. The foundationless jib offers easy movement. It provides load positioning that is precise. Safety is crucial when operating a crane. The head of this jib is resistant to being dislodged by upward motion. This safety feature comes via the head retaining pin. This is a safe and efficient way to work.
Gorbel is the largest manufacturer of jib cranes. They offer varieties that include each of the mentioned types of jib crane. There is a perfect fit for your need. These cranes can be overlapped with one another and integrated into a smooth system of operation. Jib cranes are a bit of a speciality item but can be found and decent and affordable prices. There happens to be a perfect jib for every job. With a small amount of evaluation, the right one can be found for you. They can be shipped in a short amount of time and installed quickly.
As you search for a jib crane, take your time in determining the right match for you. This is a decision that will last you a life time. The options available should be taken into consideration, and evaluated individually. If you will need a system of jibs to get the job done, this system should be laid out with the help of a professional.


We give the Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC dishwasher (G5575SCSF & G5575SCVi) an A- because it offers a superior cleaning and drying performance while still maintaining excellent energy efficiency. We love its flexible rack storage system, concealed control panel with time-remaining display, and its quiet operation. Miele itself has an impressive reputation for reliability and durability, and this dishwasher has received great feedback from customers and experts alike. We had to deduct a few points because the G 5575 SC is pretty expensive to buy and install, but we still highly recommend this dishwasher (or any Dimension dishwasher) if you can afford it and if you don't mind cleaning out the filters every so often.
You can see how the Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC dishwasher compares to other dishwashers in our Dishwasher Review.
Editor's Note: Miele has released the updated version of this model, which you can learn more about in our in-depth review.
Part of Miele's Futura Dimension dishwasher line, the popular G 5575 SC is a full-size, ENERGY STAR® rated dishwasher. It will use about 285 kWh/year, and Miele estimates that it will cost around $23/year to run (estimate based on natural gas water heater, 4 wash loads per week and average electricity costs from 2007).
For superior cleaning performance with less noise and wasted energy, the G 5575 SC is designed with 3 spray arms and a triple filtration system that requires manual cleaning. It features sensor technology (AutoSensor) that can automatically detect the load's soil level and adjust the wash cycle accordingly. It is also engineered with Miele's Double WaterProof System, which immediately shuts off the water supply to the dishwasher if it detects a leak or blockage. Lastly, to help improve overall cleaning results, the G 5575 SC comes equipped with an automatic water-softening system in addition to its rinse aid dispenser.
The G 5575 SC has a total of six wash cycles including "Pots & Pans", "Normal", "China & Crystal", "SaniWash" (wash/sanitize), "Rinse & Hold" (rinsing items in between complete cycles), and "Express". In addition, you have the option of selecting "Turbo Mode" if you want to reduce the cycle time by 30% or "Intensive Mode" if you would like a heavier wash on the lower rack but a gentler wash on the upper rack. It also uses the CleanAir™ Drying System and SensorDry technology to effectively and hygienically dry the entire load. Leveraging the natural heat retention and water-condensing properties of its stainless steel tub, the dishwasher's CleanAir™ system heats up air pulled from its surroundings in a sealed external chamber, which helps to condense/evaporate dishwater against the dishwasher's walls and prevents external air from contaminating the load. The G 5575 SC's SensorDry technology simply adjusts drying time automatically based on its sensors readings of internal humidity and temperature conditions.
The Futura Dimension G 5575 SC can fit up to sixteen place settings and has three racks of storage designed with Miele's FlexiCare Premium basket configuration and 3D Cutlery Tray. Engineered to protect even the most delicate items, the racks can be adjusted in many different ways to accommodate almost any type of load. The lower rack can fit 3 rows of dishes up to 35cm in height, and it has 2 rows of foldable tines that can be lowered to create a flat space for larger items when necessary. At the back of the lower rack, there are also 2 height-adjustable supports for glassware. The entire upper rack can be adjusted to create more room above or below it for taller items. It has foldable tines, large cup racks (hinged) and a height-adjustable rail for long-stemmed glasses. The 3D Cutlery Tray can also be adjusted in height, as well as in width and depth to accommodate various items. The center can be lowered to fit larger utensils, and the sides can be pushed in to fit long-stemmed glassware in the upper basket.
The Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC has a concealed control panel (fully integrated) with a touchpad LED display where you can program a cycle, delay the start of a cycle by up to 24 hours and check the status/time remaining in a current cycle. The control panel will also indicate when you need to refill the rinse aid or salt or when there is another issue with the dishwasher. The G 5575 SC is relatively quiet throughout all cycles, and it has Q3 Acoustics™ according to Miele's acoustics scale, which ranks noise levels from Q1 – Q5 (Q5 being the quietest). When we asked Miele customer service to assign a decibel level to Q3, they refused saying that the decibel level would change based on the load and wash cycle. In general, Miele dishwashers are known to be among the quietest dishwashers on the market. Lastly, if you are trying to distinguish between the G 5575 SC and the and the other full-size Dimension models, the only differences are that the G 5570 SC is ADA-compliant and the G 5505 SC has an exposed control panel and a child-safety lock.
In terms of appearance, the Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC can be fitted with custom paneling (G 5575 SCVi) to make it disappear completely in your kitchen or you can purchase the prefinished model (G 5575 SCSF). The prefinished model features Clean Touch Steel™, a stainless steel finish that is scratch-resistant and won't show smudges or fingerprints. Both models have a full-length bar handle and the door has a ComfortClose design, so it is easy to open/close and will stay in place at any angle.
Miele is a family-owned and operated German appliance manufacturer known for its high-end household appliances that are built with superior design, functionality, durability and overall quality in mind. While there haven't been many customers who have reviewed the Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC online, Miele dishwashers have received numerous accolades and excellent feedback from industry experts over the years. In a 2012 JD Power & Associates study on customer satisfaction with different dishwasher manufacturers, Miele received near perfect ratings in all categories except price (2/5). For two years in a row, House & Garden named Miele the #1 dishwasher in their The Best on The Best report, which surveys the nation's top interior designers for their secrets and advice on the top products. Miele dishwashers have also received the Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval and are recommended exclusively by Riedel as the best dishwashers for washing their glassware. In a Consumer Reports dishwashers study, the G 5575 SC was awarded 80/100 points, which is truly exceptional considering that the highest rated dishwasher only earned 81 points. The Consumer Reports study also noted that Miele was a very reliable brand and that its dishwashers were among the least repair-prone of major manufacturers. Given that Miele dishwashers are designed to last for 20 years, we feel that the up-front cost will pay off in the long run, so, if you can afford it, we highly recommend the G 5575 SC dishwasher or any dishwasher in the Dimension series. For this model, Miele also offers a 1-year limited warranty and a 90-day satisfaction guarantee with a full refund.
The Miele Futura Dimension G 5575 SC has only received a few customer reviews online on Amazon.com. While one review was negative, it was only because the customer was unhappy with the shipper, and everyone seems to be happy with the performance of the Miele Dimension dishwashers overall.Editor's Note: Miele has released the updated version of this model, which you can learn more about here.
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Paper Drinking Straw Making Machine
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The machine is compact in design and is provided with user friendly Digital HMI for faster setting of the machine, commanding of process, monitoring of product datas etc, The synchronised Online Multicutter operated with Servo Drive ensures smooth performance with lesser wastage.
- The machine is easy to operate and maintain
- Used only with brand new parts from leading International brands for better performance and to avail effective after sales service, replacements etc.
- Multicutter travels alongwith movement of products (tubes) to ensure burr free cutting, lesser wastages etc.
- The cut tubes are automatically collected and stored in the collector for easy packing
- Cutter blades are driven by separate motors for better results
- Faster Interchange of sizes and setting of machines.
- The inner layer lubrication is automatically applied and the Online Multicutting system is synchronized with Main winder drive for high precision cutting and to save the process wastages as minimum as possible than other budget model machines.
- The major components and enclosures etc are made from Stainless steel for better protection and hygiene to the end products as well.
- The power driven glue rollers ensure smooth and consistent glue application to the layer.
- The reel can be spliced online with simple manipulation to get maximum utilization of the machine hours.
- Oil flow can be easily controlled.
- Minimum Inner Diameter : 4.7mm
- Maximum Inner Diameter : 12.5mm
- Minimum Wall thickness : 0.4mm
- Maximum Wall thickness : 1mm
- Minimum length : 150mm
- Maximum length : 300mm
- Number of Layers : 3 Ply Reel Winding Installed Power (approx) 6 KW. 380V / 440 V , 3 Phase
- FOB Port
- Payment Terms
- Letter of Credit at Sight (Sight L/C), Letter of Credit (L/C), Delivery Point (DP), Cheque, Cash in Advance (CID)
- Supply Ability
- As per the requirement
- Delivery Time
- 30-60 Days
- Sample Policy
- Contact us for information regarding our sample policy
- Main Export Market(s)
- Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, South America, North America, Central America, Australia, Asia
- Main Domestic Market
- All India
- ISO 9001 : 2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY


I have casually followed the story of Jaguar Land Rover group since its sale in 2008. It is so interesting that the new owners moved the company from a loss making one to an extremely profitable one. It was always a car that I adored for its strength. One of my friends is a fan and has had 3 different models of the Land Rover series.
This car specifically had a lot of changes made in 2007. It was almost like a reintroduction of the defender. Most of the changes were internal, the major being one to meet the emissions criteria. They changed the bonnet slightly too. Defender in general was one of the toughest vehicles in the land rover series. It was used in the British Army, Armies of Commonwealth of Nations, as police cars etc. It has been used an off roader around the world. It is one of the best off road cars to maintain. According to my understanding, with changes in the engine, people would have doubted the cars capabilities and might have started thinking of it as a lesser powerful car than its previous versions. Through this advertisement the intention of portraying it as an even more powerful car can be seen. This advertisement is mostly geared towards men between the ages of 25 to 50. It shows the aspect of immense strength to pull two heavy water vehicles much larger than the car itself. The size of the second ship is kept somewhat a mystery as they have not shown the complete ship creating a feeling that it is much bigger than it looks.
So the car is shown at the forefront of this picture so the clear emphasis on it is clear. If we study the lines in the picture we see two types, diagonal for the dock/road that goes by the water and curves of the ropes used to tie water vehicles to 2007 Defender. This shows that even within the agitation there is calm and grace by which the car is pulling the two water vehicles gently. Agitation part is also emphasized by showing a prominent dividing line between tiles and some cracks on the road.
Overall I think the ad was pretty well done but if asked if I would make changes, I would reply saying that there are two which I think should have been done differently. The skies should either be clear or stormy. Gloomy skies kill the attitude being shown slightly. Second would be to remove the birds from where they have been placed and put them somewhere over the ship. The birds do make it look more natural but where and how they have been placed make them a distraction which could be avoided.


Replacement for the rear bumper on 2006 to 2010 models with the factory tow package.
- 3/16″ fully welded steel construction
- bolts to stock bumper mounting brackets
- no provision for license plate
- no provision for reverse camera lens
- black powder-coat finish
- retains factory D-ring on passenger side
- relocates trailer lighting socket to bumper face
- accepts 35″ tire on stock door mount
- made in USA
- Stainless steel mounting bolts now included!
This bumper will replace your wimpy factory bumper, for total off-road durability. The design allows the license plate and trailer lighting socket to be relocated elsewhere, out of harms way. If you’ve off-roaded your H3 at all…you know this is a common problem. Bottom edges of the bumper are angled inward for excellent departure angle, and ends stop short of the body to prevent snags on sapplings and other trail obsticles.
The license plate can be relcoated to the spare tire, or any number of alternate locations. There is ample area to mount the license plate in the stock location, however there are no holes provided. Rockhard4x4 offers a pre-engineered kit to mount the plate on the spare tire. See link below.
THORparts bumpers are NOT D.O.T. certified, and are intended for off-road use only!


Methods for Detecting the Quality of Fuel Injectors
September 14, 2022
The fuel injector is an important part of the diesel engine fuel supply system to realize fuel injection. Its function is to atomize the fuel into tiny droplets according to the characteristics of the diesel engine mixture formation, and inject them to specific parts of the combustion chamber, so that the engine can start normally. However, once the fuel injector fails, the engine cannot be started, which affects the normal operation of the vehicle or machinery. So how should we check whether the fuel injector is good or bad? Now Megicar Auto Parts Co.,Ltd makes a simple analysis for you.
1. Special equipment inspection: remove the fuel injector and take it to the fuel injector test bench for inspection. If the detected injection pressure fails to meet the corresponding technical standards, the atomization of the injector is poor, there is oil dripping or leakage, and the injector cannot be recovered after cleaning and adjustment, the injector is faulty.
2. Judge whether the fuel injector is good or bad by the difficulty of starting the cold engine and the exhaust smoke color after starting: it is difficult to start the cold engine, and the exhaust smoke color after starting has white smoke or black smoke. If the fuel supply angle and cylinder pressure are normal, the fuel injector may be faulty.
3. Cylinder cut-off method: After the engine is started, maintain a stable speed, and then loosen the high-pressure fuel pipes one by one to see if the engine speed changes. If the generator speed drops significantly after the cylinder is cut off, it means that the combustion of this cylinder has an effect on the engine, and the injector of this cylinder is good. If the rotation speed of the generator does not decrease significantly after the cylinder is cut off, it means that the combustion of this cylinder has no effect on the engine, and the white smoke or black smoke of the engine is less, it means that the injector of this cylinder is broken.
4. Remove the fuel injector. If the fuel injector has a lot of carbon and is wet, the fuel injector will not work well.
5. If it is found that the engine oil becomes thin and the engine oil smells of diesel, it is often related to injector failure.
Megicar Auto Parts Co.,Ltd is a professional supplier and manufacturer of common-rail fuel injector in China. We are keen to develop customers who need fuel injectors worldwide and provide our good products to Achieve long-term cooperation.


Garage Door Opener Repair
West Covina CA
Garage Door Opener Repair West Covina CA
Buying a new garage door opener isn’t simple. It’s not as easy as running into your local supermarket to pick up a few things for dinner. You have to think about all of your needs and the requirements of your garage. You have to ask yourself things like: How large does my garage door have to be? Does my garage hold one or two cars?
In addition, there’s a multitude of garage door openers to pick from. When deciding on a new opener it’s important to consider it’s compatibility with your garage door. A select number of openers pair flawlessly with certain doors. While other openers will constrain, or even handicap, the function of some garage doors. If you don’t have professional training, you might have difficulty matching openers with their corresponding doors.
That’s why you should seek the help of garage door experts. The technicians at our company have extensive knowledge of virtually all the makes and models of every garage door and opener on the market. They’ve handled almost every situation imaginable. Furthermore, their suggestions and insights are based on years of experience.
Garage Door Opener Sensors
Garage door photo-eyes, or sensors, trigger the safety reverse mechanism that is a part of almost every garage door opener system. When vehicles, animals, or people breach the sensors’ light beam the auto reverse halts and then retracts the door before it can damage property or cause bodily harm.
Broken, dirty or misaligned photo-eyes can cause garage door openers to malfunction. This can compromise the garage door’s ability to close. More importantly, however, it can put you, your pets, and your loved ones at risk of danger.
Our certified technicians can troubleshoot these problems and much more. Their broad experience and expertise give then the know-how and confidence to tackle any situation involving garage door sensors. They work with the top garage door opener manufacturers like Marantec, Chamberlain, Liftmaster, Genie, and Craftsman.
We do garage door opener installations, too. A garage door only works well if the door opener is put in, correctly. You can trust us not to compromise on the quality of our products or excellent service!
Below are the most popular styles of garage door openers that we install.
Belt Drive Openers
These garage door openers produce less noise as compared to other openers. This is because their motion is driven by rubber belts. Besides making these openers virtually noiseless, this unique technology increases the longevity your garage door. They are more expensive, however.
Screw Drive Openers
Screw Drive Openers use a threaded rod to direct the movement of the garage door. It has less moving parts, and because of this fact it requires less maintenance.
It is, however, sensitive to drastic switches in weather. Extreme element changes can compromise its perform.
Chain Drive Openers
Chain drive openers are durable and strong. They are excellent for lifting heavy doors. When you compare it with other garage door openers you will find that chain drive openers are less expensive and more reliable.
They are noisy, however. Their noise pollution can be heard in nearby bedrooms and attics.
These garage door openers are a great choice for homeowners who want more storage space and garages with low ceilings. This is due to the fact that these openers are mounted on the wall of the garage as opposed to above the garage door entrance.
They are powered by DC power and have a long lifespan, as well.
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- Warranty on all parts & Labor
- Lowest prices guaranteed
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- Top quality customer service


I was riding my bike headed north to Chinatown/Little Italy earlier tonight from Caltrain. I had stopped to take a photo of the red Hanjin ship along the Embarcadero. Then I continued to ride and noticed the front brake pads securing the wheel had come off. I got off and managed to barely secure the hook again. Then that’s when my little accident occurred.
Instead of looking ahead I looked sideways to see if a nearby bike shop was open. Unfortunately I rode straight into the short steel posts and landed on my side.
A man sitting on the bench in front of the Hi-Dive bar rushed to ask if I was OK and help me land on my two feet again. Just a slight bruise on one side of my knee but overall I came away with just some minor bruises.
So I asked the man to help my get the front brake secured on my bike again. The fall had twisted the brake hook. So while he got to work trying to disconnect the hook and unravel the twist I started chattering away about how I just came from South San Francisco and this bike is my only mode of transportation.
He asked out of curiosity what I did for work. I replied “logistics,” as in ocean transportation. It turns out he used to work in shipping a bit himself. He was based in Guam at the time when he arranged some domestic shipping, drove some trucks and generated bills of lading.
I was so excited he spoke my “language” and knew about the biggest player in the South Pacific shipping route – Matson Logistics. I went on to explain how Matson took the concept of the container and enhanced it through research and finally came up with a concept that optimized the entire shipping business. We parted ways but not before I asked to take his photo. I love these little random run ins. The world of shipping is quite small.


Phase 4 of the Carbon Neutral Steel Building System (CN-SBS) Research Project will include energy modelling and conceptual building design consulting services to develop a net zero energy consumption case study and compare the life cycle costs (construction, maintenance and energy over 20 years) to an actual “business as usual” case.
To gain a thorough understanding of the current facility, the following background information will be collected:
Upon receipt of this information, MMM Group will analyze the utility bills for the previous two years in parallel with the most recent facility drawings available. The drawings will be used to determine building design factors contributing to energy use. Floor area, occupancy, and space usage will be verified and used to gain a better understanding for the factors that affect energy use.
After completing the energy benchmarking and documentation review, they will visit the facility to meet with the project and operations team and walk through the building to confirm our initial assessment, gain an understanding of building systems and operational characteristics and answer any outstanding questions from the benchmarking exercise. During this visit, we will note any specific noticeable energy items in the operation for “process” energy consumption and discuss the operation with the owner/operator to gain a better understanding and identify items to include in energy model.
Using the information collected they will create a “baseline model” representing the building as currently operating. Where information is unavailable, the model of the building will include energy modelling assumptions (e.g. installed lighting power density, single zone rooftop units, etc) reflecting current retail industry practice.
A “net zero model” reflecting facility building systems with all agreed upon energy conservation measures installed and operating as designed will be created. The approach to reducing the energy consumption of a building starts with conservation before considering more efficient energy production and/or procurement. To create a net zero retail building they will address energy efficiency measures in the following order:
Based on the energy modelling results they will estimate the capital cost and operating cost savings for the net zero building scenario.
They will complete an assessment of the life-cycle impacts for the net zero building including embodied impacts and building and process energy use. Life-cycle cost will also be provided as part of this analysis.


Tankless Water Heaters
If you desire an endless supply of hot water, then you should consider having a tankless water heater installed. Both gas and electric tankless water heaters, also known as demand-type or instantaneous, provide continuous flow for any residential or commercial need. Unlike traditional water heaters, there is no storage tank, which saves space and can be upwards of 30-40% more cost efficient. You can achieve even greater energy savings if a demand water heater is installed at each hot water outlet.
The experts from Harry Caswell Plumbing, Mechanical and Utility Contractor will offer you the best solution that fits your family’s water demands.
Is Tankless A Smart Investment?
Nowadays the customers can choose between a huge variety of brands and models. Typically, tankless water heaters can provide hot water at an average rate of 5 gallons per minute. ENERGY STAR® estimates that a typical family can save $100 or more per year with an ENERGY STAR qualified tankless water heater.
With 25+ years of experience in this field, the technicians from Harry Caswell Plumbing, Mechanical and Utility Contractor can suggest the most cost-efficient model according to your needs and budget. Tankless water heaters have a typical life expectancy of up to 20 years—twice as long as a tank-style unit.
Whether you need a tankless water heater for a specific point of use or for the entire home, our experts will determine the needed system, based on three main variables. These include the amount of hot water needed for the unit, the desired temperature of the hot water, and the temperature of the cold water entering the pipes.
A tankless water heating system could cost you approximately two times as much as a standard one. Although the initial investment is higher, this is compensated by much lower long-term operating costs. Tankless water heaters don’t produce standby energy loss that’s associated with most traditional ones.
Harry Caswell Plumbing, Mechanical and Utility Contractor serves property owners in both Delaware and Maryland and our professionals are always available for the customer when needed. Our experienced technicians are professionally trained, licensed and qualified to install your tankless water heater, avoiding any safety issues.
Choose the best company to install your new tankless water heater system. You’ll rest easy knowing we can also perform maintenance and repairs. The life of your tankless water heater can be extended considerably with periodic maintenance. We offer same-day and emergency services to get your life back on track - fast.
Fully licensed and insured, we offer homes and businesses a complete solution to your hot water needs!


The Honda Prelude sports car made its US debut in 1979 and was in production through the 2001 model year. Through five generations, the compact coupe was powered by a series of ever-more-powerful four-cylinder engines, which were teamed to your choice of a five-speed manual or three- or four-speed automatic transmissions.
The Honda Prelude was the automaker's first model to come with a standard power moonroof, and also offered such standard features as painted steel wheels, anti-lock disc brakes, cruise control, remote keyless entry, CD player, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel. Available options ranged from aluminum alloy wheels to a rear spoiler.
If you've been looking to buy Honda Prelude parts online, your search is over. At Honda OEM Parts Online, we sell only OEM auto parts that were made specifically by Honda and specifically for your model. That means that they're guaranteed to be compatible with your sports coupe. That's not a claim that aftermarket parts can make.
We've even made it easy to order your parts online. Choose your model year from our auto parts catalog, and then the types of parts you need. Buy today and we'll ship your order out at once, and directly to your front door. If you need help or have questions or concerns, our proven team of parts specialists are happy to help. Just contact us and we’ll ensure that your repair or upgrade project is done right.