June 27, 2023
Industry News, Products, Tips & Tricks,
It is not uncommon for individual cells in the batteries to heat up, start to burn and thus cause other cells to burn. The fire can then no longer be stopped, and extinguishing it with water no longer works. You have to wait until the battery has burned down completely.
The company Dolav developed a transport box in which batteries can be transported safely and which also withstands the conditions that occur in the event of a fire. We now want to take a closer look at this transport box.
So the idea of creating a way to withstand the stresses of a battery fire was obvious.
So Dolav, together with experienced scientists, created AkkuGrain®, an interactive granulate that only becomes active when it is needed due to heat generation or the release of acidic, alkaline or other hazardous substances.
In the event of thermal runaway (overheating of a battery cell by a self-reinforcing heat-producing process), the fleece of the AkkuGrain® bags melts and the granulate spreads in the plastic box. The heat generation releases water vapour, which is bound as water in the AkkuGrain® granulate in its crystallised state.
The Thermal Runaway is not extinguished, but cooled down considerably. While temperatures of 1000°C can easily be reached in a battery fire, AkkuGrain® cools the Thermal Runaway down to about 340°C to prevent the fire from spreading further inside or outside the box. This strong cooling down has the effect that the temperature on the outside of the plastic box is only about 25°C.
The oxygen content inside the box is reduced to 8%, so there is no longer a risk of explosion. Toxic gases that are produced when the battery burns down are filtered and remain below the legally defined limit of the EU when emitted. Another advantage is that the AkkuGrain® can be reused as often as desired after transport without thermal runaway. However, damaged fleece bags caused by sharp objects must be replaced.
AkkuGrain® Bag [S] (500 x 300 mm)
AkkuGrain® Bag [M] (500 x 600 mm)
AkkuGrain® Bag [L] (600 x 1000 mm)
The plastic box is available in various standard sizes, such as the Euro pallet size or, at 3 metres by 2 metres, the largest plastic box. Together with their partner DryFireCon, a container was developed that can even accommodate electric cars, whose fire can also be contained by the AkkuGrain® in the event of a thermal runaway.


Project: Innovation of the waste-to-energy concept for the low-carbon economy: Development of novel carbon capture technology for thermochemical processing of municipal solid waste (Carbon Capture and Storage from Waste – CCSW)
Project number: 18.104.22.168/19/A/013
The overarching aim of the project is to expand the knowledge base of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment in an approach that integrates the CCS within the Waste to Energy (WtE) concept. Thus, the project intent is to develop a novel approach of Carbon Capture and Storage from Waste (CCSW).
Project applicant: University of Latvia
Cooperation institution: CFCA
Description of the Project
In accordance to this concept, the aim of the project is to expand upon the previously researched refuse derived fuel (RDF) thermochemical processing (gasification) technology by
- evaluating, studying and adapting the most technologically and
- economically feasible approach of pre-combustion carbon capture; and by developing a pilot scale facility with the aim to demonstrate its potential for CCSW to offer the industry an innovative solution for municipal solid waste processing.
The project activities and outcomes are directly related to the applied research in energy production sector and other economic fields such as public services, chemical production and others. It directly supports the targets of Latvia’s National Smart Specialization (RIS3) strategy “Smart energy” and its related areas “Smart materials, technologies and engineering systems” and “Knowledge-intensive bio-economics” of the same strategy.


BotanoCap's technology consists of proprietary micro-encapsulation that enables the slow release of volatile compounds, such as essential oils. BotanoCap has full control over the particle size and the release profile of the encapsulated compound.
The essence of micro-encapsulation by a membrane envelope is to isolate an active agent from the environment, stabilize it and control its release rate.
Numerous volatile compounds extracted from plants have demonstrated biological efficacy, such as inhibition of fungal activity. By overcoming the difficulty of encapsulating volatile compounds, BotanoCap's technology technology facilitates the use of these active compounds for a wide range of applications.
Nano size microcapsules:
In addition to micron-size microcapsules, BotanoCap can form novel nano-size microcapsules that can be added to products without affecting their clarity. These nano-size microcapsules have many applications, such as:
- Controlled release of fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics
- Flavor control food additives
- Odorless antioxidants from natural sources
- Aroma modification
- Preservatives to extend shelf life
Green biocides and repellants that are viable alternatives to toxic and environmentally damaging synthetic chemicals.
- Extending shelf life of processed food
- Odorless food additives, such as fish anti-oxidants without odor.
For the control of insects, insect larvae and other pests.
For the controlled release of additives such perfumes, preservatives, and skin anti-oxidants.
Such as disinfection materials or controlled-release skin patches of essential oils.
BotanoCap's technology is protected by patents covering the composition of compounds, the process of preparation and applications.


Are you looking to buy a 8-inch diamond saw blade?
Discover the 11 best 8-inch diamond saw blades available on the market now:
1. MK Diamond 153694 MK303 Wet Cutting Lapidary Diamond Blade, 8-Inch
MK Diamond 153694 MK-303 8 by 0.032 by 5/8 inch continuous rim is a lapidary blade. It is professional grade. The It has been designed for cutting rare and valuable materials when waste needs to be held to a minimum and speed of cut is essential. It produces smoother cuts, lasts longer and cuts faster than notched rim or plated diamond blades. Designed for use with a water soluble coolant. Blades 16 inch and larger have segmented rims.
2. MK Diamond 158435 MK-225 8-Inch Hot Dog Premium Thin-Rim Blade
MK Diamond 158435 MK-225 8” diameter by 0.050 width by 5/8” arbor premium grade thin-rim wet cutting blades are engineered for cutting porcelain and vitreous tile. Thin kerf is designed to cut very hard porcelain tile without chipping expensive material. Heat relief slots prevent heat build-up, which keeps blade from warping, which provides for cool running for straight, precise cuts. As a bonus, this blade is also very good for cutting granite as well as ceramic tile.
3. MK Diamond 166067 MK-301 Gemking 8-Inch Lapidary Wet Cutting Diamond Blade
MK Diamond 166067 MK-301 Gemking Lapidary 8” diameter by 0.040” width by 5/8” arbor is a wet cutting blade and has been redesigned with a greater diamond concentration for faster cutting. The carbon steel core provides for better tension memory and the solid diamond sintered kerf provides superior cutting performance and improved coolant flow. It is engineered for excellent service when cutting hard materials such as agate, petrified wood and jade.
4. DEWALT DW4767L 8-Inch Ceramic Tile Blade
Extended performance diamond matrix provides long life and enhanced material cutting. Ideally used on thinner and softer masonry materials. Premium XP2 and XP4 cutting matrix means XP2 gives 2 x’s the life of standard blades, XP4 gives 4x’s the life of standard blades. They designed specifically for high power tile saws, allowing quick, free, low heat and straight cutting.
5. QEP 6-8008BW 8-Inch Black Widow Micro-Segmented Rim Diamond Blade, 5/8-Inch Arbor, Wet Cutting, 7640 Maximum RPM
They are designed for quick cutting of hard tile including porcelain, ceramic, granite and marble, without wobble or chipping. Independent lab test results have proven that Black Widow specialty blades continuously out perform the competition in durability for a longer life and speed of cut, reducing project time. Premium-grade, thin-rim diamond blade for fast wet cutting of porcelain, ceramic, granite and marble tile. Ideal for high speed cutting of hard masonry tile. Unique diamond-shaped laser cutouts prevent blade wobble and keeps blade cooler for a longer life. 7mm rim height for a longer life and for increased cutting contact with the blade.
6. Concord Blades LGP080D10HP 8 Inch Laser Segmented Diamond Blade
8 inches laser segmented diamond blade with 10 mm segment height for concrete, reinforced concrete, hard brick, light and heavy weight block, pavers, roof tile, natural stone and more. This general purpose segmented blade is designed with high diamond concentration to provide superior blade life and maximum cutting performance on a wide variety of materials. This blade can be used on an angle grinder, circular saw, masonry saw, gas cut-off saw and up to 20 hp walk behind concrete flat saw (depending on the size of the blade). This laser welded blade can be used wet or dry.
7. QEP 6-8003Q 8-Inch Continuous Rim Blade
Premium blade for wet or dry cutting of ceramic, porcelain and marble tile. Use for wet ceramic, porcelain and marble. Rim height: 7mm, blade width: 0.060, arbor size: 5/8-inch, max rpm: 7640.
8. Bosch DB843S 8-Inch Continuous Rim Diamond Blade
Quality industrial grade diamonds and easy-to-use color coding system. Applications include cutting in ceramic, slate. For use in tile saw. 5/8” arbor. Designed for clean cuts in most tile materials. Tensioned steel core for stability. Consistent diamond content and even distribution.
9. Concord Blades CTW080D10HP 8 Inch Continuous Wide Turbo Teeth Diamond Blade with Cooling Holes
8” continuous rim wide turbo teeth diamond blade with cooling holes and 10 mm segment height on the blade for a fast, smooth, quick cutting of concrete, brick, light weight block, pavers, field stone and masonry material. This general purpose continuous rim turbo blade has wide turbo teeth for fast smooth cutting with less chipping at a low initial cost on a wide variety of materials. A heat treated steel core with cooling holes provides extreme blade strength for a deep cut and fast cooling. Can be used wet or dry on an angle grinder, circular saw, masonry saw and gas cut-off saw.
10. Concord Blades CRS080D10HP 8 Inch Continuous Rim Diamond Tile Blade
8 inches ceramic, glass & porcelain tile -continuous rim diamond blade is a premium quality, continuous rim tile blade that utilizes special grade diamonds for smooth cutting. This blade is used to cut ceramic tile, porcelain tile, granite tile, marble tile, quarry tile, stone tile and marble & granite tile. This segment height exceeds most tile blades offered, giving the blade a longer usage and better cut. Use this blade wet only and with an angle grinder, circular saw, wet tile saw or a wet stone saw.
11. Concord Blades SSB080D08HP 8 Inch General Purpose Premium Segmented Diamond Blade
This general purpose segmented blade is for fast cutting at a low initial cost on a wide variety of materials. A heat treated steel core provides extreme blade strength for a deep cut. Ideal for cutting concrete, brick, light weight block, pavers, field stone, and masonry materials either wet of dry. Can be used on high speed angle grinders, circular saws, masonry saws and gas cut-off saws.


Brake drums are used on the rear axles of smaller vehicles and commercial vehicles. They are also used as a parking brake. In larger passenger cars, they are also used as a combination of a brake drum and a brake disc, the so-called disc-drum, where brake shoes mounted inside the disc are responsible for the parking brake.
The ABE brake drums are cast from the highest quality cast iron according to valid OE standards. The production process ensures that the drums are resistant to deformation, which translates into product durability and comfort of use.


Researchers In Japan Have Developed Glass That Can Heal Itself: If we talk about smartphones, the display is what comes first in our mind. Unbreakable and stretchable screens are always been in the news. So, what do you think? An unbreakable screen would be a reality?
Recently, a group of Japanese researchers has found a way to make a screen that can heal itself. Basically, researchers have found a new type of material that is similar to glass, but, it can regenerate itself in case of damages.
The material discovered by researchers is known as ‘Polyether-thioureas’. The group of researchers has published detail reports regarding Polyether-thioureas in the Journal Science.
According to the reports from The Guardian, a big thanks goes to Yu Yanagisawa, a student at the University of Tokyo, who is also a team member of the study, was preparing a material to use it as a natural glue and he realized that all the broken pieces of glass were gathered together.
Moreover, the material also conducts electricity, so it would be ideal for use in electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The Polyether thiourea can heal itself when the broken pieces are pressed together and having pressure applied to it.
So far we have just seen self-healing material that can heal itself from minor scratches. However, the new material seems that it works with completely broken pieces. Just imagine, your phone screen shatters into pieces and pressing it together will fix it.
So, the project looks pretty cool, right? However, there is still no final date fixed for this new material to avail in the market.


Scientists Craft Atomically Seamless, Thinnest-possible Semiconductor Junctions
August 27, 2014
Scientists have developed what they believe is the thinnest-possible semiconductor, a new class of nanoscale materials made in sheets only three atoms thick.
The University of Washington researchers have demonstrated that two of these single-layer semiconductor materials can be connected in an atomically seamless fashion known as a heterojunction. This result could be the basis for next-generation flexible and transparent computing, better light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, and solar technologies.


Our manganese products are subject to the highest quality checks and come fully warranted for peace of mind. Liners are painted specific colours and have cast identification numbers to indicate the materials used.
We stock a range of manganese steel grades;
• 14% Standard Grade
• 18% High Performance Grade
• 22% Ultimate Performance
Our line of manganese products are built and proven to optimise crusher performance. Whether it be providing standard OEM profiles in our range of manganese grades or by designing cavities to suit customer’s needs, MWP can help achieve your desired outcomes through supply or our
liner development program.
With a huge range of parts to suit most makes and models, such as but not limited to; Terex, Jaques, Pegson, Cedarapids, Finlay, Metso, Sandvik, Raptor, Patriot, Kue Ken, Minyu, Trio, Symons, Nordberg, Lokomo, Goodwin, Telsmith, KPI-JCI, Striker, Hazemag, Kodiak, Kawasaki, Allis Chalmers, Vickers.
Ceramic Metallic Inserts
MWP provide CMI inserts for a range of high abrasive wear applications to provide customers increased equipment availability reduced operational costs and reducing unexpected change outs. CMI inserts provide an enhanced high wear zone to increase and maximise usable wear life. MWP can tailor products to suit customers specifications. Our CMI inserts are available in 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, and 80mm depths.
- Jaw crusher wear parts
- Cone crusher wear parts
- Horizontal shaft impactor
- Blow bars and impactors
- Horizontal shaft impactor liners
- Hammermill hammers
- Hammermill breaker blocks
- Clinker breaker hammers


Regent Tek Industries Inc. is an innovative and technologically advanced thermoplastic road marking manufacturer in the Northeast United States. With the present need for road marking materials growing and the supply of thermoplastic limited to a handful of manufacturers, the principals of Regent Tek Industries felt the need to build a manufacturing plant to specifically supply the northern states with a product far superior in quality and sustainability than the current products on the market today. With innovative thermoplastic formulas developed in Europe and specially formulated for northern climates, Regent Tek’s thermoplastic products are superior in quality, consistency, and reliability.
Regent Tek Industries, Inc.
- Contact: Helen Torkos
- Website: https://www.regenttek.com/
- Phone: (516) 888-0878
202 Mastic Blvd East, Shirley, NY 11967


HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric, 914 mm x 10 m (36 in x 33 ft), 110 g/m²
- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric delivers high quality print results with brilliant, vivid colours. It has a unique fabric look and feel, which adds movement to banners and distinction to window displays.
- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric is suitable for UV or dye-based inks and for most large format printers. The material is fixed on a paper release liner for stable transport in the printer.
- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric is a durable tear- and smudge-proof material. 100% polyester, knitted for the highest-quality look and feel.
HP Q1745A. Lentes beigas: Matēts, Kodola diametrs: 5,08 cm. Iepakojuma svars: 2,9 kg. Daudzums uz paletes: 42 pcs, Dimensijas (WxDxH): 950 x 127 x 127 mm, Maksimālais ruļļa garums: 10 m


Journal ID (publisher-id): chemical
Title: Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
Translated Title (ko): 대한화학회지
ISSN (print): 1017-2548
ISSN (electronic): 2234-8530
Publisher: Korean Chemical Society대한화학회
The analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) holds significant importance in a wide range of fields. H2O2 serves as a commonly employed oxidizing agent, making it an essential mediator in the realms of biology, food, medicine, industry, and the environment.1-2 Methods such as chemiluminescence,3 fluorescence,4 spectrophotometry,5 and electrochemical techniques have been reported for the accurate detection of H2O2 concentration. The accuracy of the detection of H2O2 has been increased with the development of detection techniques for each area, and the electrochemical sensors in particular play more important roles because they have operational simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, and suitability for real-time detection.6
Here, Prussian blue (PB) having an open, zeolite-like structure is well known as the prototype of polynuclear transition-metal hexacyanometalates.7 Due to the structure of PB, large molecules cannot penetrate into the lattice whereas small molecules such as H2O2 can be.8 PB exhibits electrochemical,9-10 electrochromic,11-12 photophysical,13 and magnetic properties.14-15 In particular, the electrocatalytic property of PB enables the potential development of electrochemical sensors using the PB-modified electrode.16-17 Consequently, the pursuit of a reliable H2O2 detection method using PB complexes as catalysts has gained significant attention.18-20
To improve the sensitivity and stability of PB-based electrochemical sensors, several methods have been suggested to synthesize PB nanoparticles (PBNPs) over a range of sizes and shapes by chemical processes such as reverse micelles,24 ionic liquids,25-26 mesoporous silicate,27 and polymer beads as mediums or templates.28 Furthermore, the synthesis of PBNPs using functionalized organic polymers has been widely studied. These polymers provide the chemical and spatial environment, allowing for the stable construction of particles. They also help to form a colloid and prevent the solution from aggregation.29-31 Research on conductive polymers has continued owing to their excellent physicochemical properties resulting from their unique π-conjugated system32 which provides a powerful platform for sensing applications and a variety of functions from the polymers.
Poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) is one of the most studied multifunctional poly-arylamines owing to the characteristics of the enhanced redox activity by the presence of amino groups in its chain of PpPD. Because of the low conductivity of PpPD, the use of a conductive inorganic material such as carbon nanotubes,33 noble metals,34 or nanoparticles35 has been studied to make PpPD available for electrolysis or electrochemical sensors. In particular, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which are composed of π-conjugated networks, have high electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and large surface area, and thus the advantage of easy functionalization or the manipulation of their surface properties.36-37
In this study, MWCNTs coated with PpPD conductive polymer based on the PBNPs were proposed for the development of an electrochemical H2O2 sensor. The MWCNTs@PpPD was synthesized by simply coating PpPD on MWCNTs and used to form the PBNPs with PB precursors in an acidic solution. The composite maintained good electrical conductivity even wrapped PpPD on MWCNTs and formed stable PBNPs to the strong electrical catalyst for H2O2. This system displayed suitable linear range, low detection limit, and high sensitivity. In addition, it showed high selectivity to ignore interfering species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and L-cysteine.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 95% purity, diameter 10–15 nm) were purchased from ILJIN Nanotech Co. (Korea). L-cysteine was purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemical Co. (Japan). Ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, APS, ≥98.0%), p-phenylenediamine (C6H8N2, pPD, ≥99.0%), potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6, 99+%), potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6, 99%), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3, 97%), potassium chloride (KCl), acetic acid (99.7 wt% in H2O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt% in H2O), Nafion (~5% in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water), ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA). All the chemicals were used without further purification. All the solutions were prepared with deionized water (DIW) obtained from an ultra-pure water purification system (Human Co., Korea) with a resistivity of not less than 18.2 MΩ cm. All the measurements were carried out at room temperature.
The surface morphology of composites was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM, JEOL JEM-F200, Japan). TEM samples were prepared by placing a drop of the dispersion on a carbon-coated copper grid. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) analyses were performed using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 2000 FT-IR spectrometer in the range from 400 to 4000 cm-1 with a KBr pellet. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a New D8 advance diffractometer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed using a CHI 760B electrochemical analyzer (CH Instrument, Inc., USA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry were performed using a CHI 842B electrochemical analyzer (CH Instrument, Inc., USA) with the conventional three-electrode system. A bare or modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE, d = 3.0 mm) was used as the working electrode. A platinum (Pt) electrode served as the auxiliary electrode, and a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode filled with 3 M KCl served as the reference electrode. All ultrasonic cleaning was performed using a US-2510 Ultrasonic Cleaner (Branson, USA). Before each electrochemical measurement, solutions were thoroughly deoxygenated by bubbling N2 gas through the solution for at least 10 min to remove the dissolved oxygen.
2.0 mg of Pristine MWCNTs were added to 17.6 mL of DIW and well dispersed by a 30 min sonication. To this solution, 2.0 mL of 0.1 M pPD and 0.4 mL of 0.1 M APS were added at room temperature under vigorous magnetic stirring for 24 hours. The dark purple solution was carefully filtered through a membrane filter and washed with DIW. The collected precipitate was dried overnight in an oven at 40℃. Finally, the product was dispersed in an acidic solution at pH 3.5.
1 mM of K3Fe(CN)6 was added to 25 mL of 0.1 M KCl solution and adjusted to pH 2.7. To this solution, 0.8 mL of dispersed MWCNTs@PpPD solution was added under magnetic stirring for 5 min. 25 mL of 1 mM FeCl3 was added slowly to this mixture with continuous stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, 2 μL of 30% H2O2 was added to the mixed solution. The color of this solution gradually changed from yellowish green to dark blue. After 3 hours, the obtained dispersion was filtered, rinsed with DIW several times, and finally redispersed in 10 mL of DIW.
Before modification, the glassy carbon electrode was polished to acquire a mirror-like surface with fine alumina powders (particle size: 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm) on a polishing pad. The electrode was cleaned and sonicated with DIW for 2 min, in sequence. After drying under a gentle stream of N2 gas, the modified electrode was prepared by dropping 8 μL of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB dispersion onto the purified GCE surface and dried in an oven at 40℃ for 2 hours. Then, 2 μL of Nafion (0.5%) was placed on the surface of the modified electrode, and it was dried again in an oven at 40℃ for 1 hour.
Fig. 1 shows the synthetic route for MWCMT@PpPD-PB. At first, pristine MWCNTs were dispersed in a neutral solution through sonication. pPD monomers were added to the solution, and APS was further added resulting in a dark-violet solution. And then, the solution containing MWCNTs@PpPD nanocomposite was added to an acidic solution containing K3Fe(CN)6, and FeCl3 was dripped very slowly. The snapshots of the products for each step are shown in Fig. S1.
Fig. 2 shows the XRD patterns and FE-TEM images of MWCNTs, MWCNTs@PpPD, and MWCNT@PpPD which suggests the morphologies and sizes of the as-synthesized nanocomposites. The peaks centered at 2θ values of 26.0° and 43.0° correspond to the (002) and (100) reflection planes of graphite from the MWCNTs, respectively.38 The diffraction pattern of the MWCNTs@PpPD nanofibers shows five big sharp peaks (marked as asterisk marks) and eight minor peaks between 2θ = 8-30°.39
Compared to the XRD pattern of the MWCNTs@PpPD, the peaks of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB are observed at 2θ values of 17.5°, 24.8°, 35.3°, 39.6° and 43.7° correspond to the (200), (220), (400), (420), and (422) reflection planes, respectively.40 All the reflections can be indexed as a pure face-centered-cubic phase of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, which demonstrates the successful synthesis of PB on the modified MWCNTs. Furthermore, the average diameter of the PBNPs was ~15.4 nm, calculated by the Scherrer formula.41 It is analogous to the diameter of the PBNPs of MWCNTs@PpPD nanocomposite determined from the TEM images, which were measured at 10.2-17.5 nm.
Fig. S2 shows the FT-IR spectra of MWCNTs, MWCNTs @PpPD, and MWCNTs@PpPD-PB which investigate the chemical components of the as-synthesized samples. After the polymerization of pPD on the surface of MWCNTs, the characteristic absorption peaks of PpPD were observed. The broad absorption peaks located at 3444 cm-1 and the shoulder peak located at 3216 cm-1 could be because of the N–H stretching vibration of the –NH group in MWCNTs @PpPD. Furthermore, in another broad adsorption peak assigned approximately from 1650 to 1300 cm-1, the two strong peaks located at 1606 and 1545 cm-1 can be attributed to the C=N and C=C stretching vibration of the phenazine ring structure, respectively.42 The other peak located at 1494 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching of the benzene ring. The two small peaks at 1262 and 1208 cm-1 are assigned to the imine C=N stretching vibration of the benzoid and quinoid imine units (–C=N–)42, proving that PpPD was successfully polymerized on MWCNTs. Compared to the MWCNTs@PpPD, the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposite showed a strong absorption peak at 2083 cm-1 which is attributed to the C≡N stretching absorption band in the [Fe2+–CN–Fe3+] structure of PB. An absorption peak at 502 cm-1 was also observed, because of the formation of [Fe2+–CN–Fe3+] structure.
The inset in Fig. 3 is the Randles equivalent circuit model used for fitting the measurement data, where Rs for electrolyte resistance, Cdl for double-layer capacitance, Rct for electron transfer resistance, and Zw for Warburg impedance. Rct represents the electron-transfer-limited process at the electrode/electrolyte interface and is equal to the semicircle diameter in the Nyquist diagrams. It is measured in a background solution, containing 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]3- and 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]4- in 0.1 M KCl at the frequency range from 10 mHz to 100 kHz at 0.19 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
Fig. 3 shows the impedance spectra represented as the Nyquist plots (Z′ vs Z") for (a) bare GCE, (b) GCE/PB, (c) GCE/MWCNTs, (d) GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD, and (e) GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB. Rct of the bare GCE was 127.14 Ω with an almost straight tail line. When MWCNTs were cast on the GCE, Rct decreased to 42.66 Ω, indicating that the MWCNTs could prompt the charge transfer. Furthermore, when the GCE electrode surface was coated with PBNPs, Rct value increased considerably to 421.79 Ω, indicating that the PBNPs on the GCE obstructed the charge transfer of the electrochemical process at the electrode surface. After the MWCNTs@PpPD was dropped over the GCE, the diameter of the high-frequency semicircle was significantly reduced to 9.06 Ω as a Rct value. Rct value of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB was 42.43 Ω, which is greater than that of the MWCNTs@PpPD, indicating that PB interrupted the charge transfer. Note that GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB showed a steeper Warburg slope at low-frequency limit compared to others. This is due to the increased significance of chargetransfer resistance and double-layer capacitance as the frequency rises.43
Fig. 4(a) shows the CVs of the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs, GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD GCE/MWCNTs-PB, and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB in the absence of H2O2. The redox peaks were observed in the CVs of MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE, whereas no redox pair peaks were observed for the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD. Between the observed redox peaks, the peak current of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE was much larger than that of MWCNTs-PB modified GCE, probably because of the high electrical conductivity of the coated pPD polymer on the MWCNTs. After adding 5 mM H2O2, the CVs of the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs, and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD did not change (Fig. 4(b)). Meanwhile, the CVs of the MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs @PpPD-PB modified GCE show that the reduction peak significantly increased, but the oxidation peak decreased slightly. These results indicate the presence of PBNPs on the modified GCE.
Fig. 5 shows the CVs of GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB in N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl (pH 2.7) at different concentrations of H2O2. The cathodic peak current value increases with the increasing concentration of H2O2 because of the PB. Moreover, Fig. S3 shows that the reduction current of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB-modified GCE is about twice as high as that of the MWCNTs-PB-modified GCE.
Fig. 6 shows the correlation between the current and the scan rate. The electrochemical effect of the scan rate on the electrocatalytic H2O2 cathodic current was investigated to evaluate the kinetics of the electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized MWCNTs nanocomposites. The cathodic peak currents increased linearly in proportion to the square root of the scan rate with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 as the scan rate was increased from 10 to 200 mV/s (Fig. S4). This result signifies that the process of electrocatalytic reaction is diffusion-controlled.
Fig. 7 shows the comparative amperometric response of GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB for successive sensing of H2O2 into stirred N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl (pH 2.7) aqueous solution at an applied potential of +0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The reduction current value showed a rapid response to the subsequent addition of H2O2 and quickly reached the 95% steady-state current, which was less than 2 sec. In the MWCNTs-PB modified GCE and the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE, the current for both increased with the addition of H2O2, and cathodic current of the latter was greater than the former.
The amperometric response was unstable with the addition of H2O2 probably because of the weak interaction between the MWCNTs and the PBNPs. To solve this problem, the MWCNTs were effectively coated by PpPD and strongly attached to the PBNPs. Therefore, the modified electrode composed of the MWCNTs, PpPD, and PB showed a better response to the addition of H2O2.
Fig. S5 shows the calibration curve of the reduction peak currents versus the concentration of H2O2, which presents the linear response region of MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs @PpPD-PB. MWCNTs@PpPD-PB shows a linear response range from 0.005 mM to 2.225 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992, and the sensitivity of the sensor was 583.6 μAmM-1cm-2, which was much higher than that of a previous study estimated from GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs/Ppy/PB.44-45 Moreover, the limit of detection of GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB was calculated as 0.95 μM with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
Table 1 summarizes the electrochemical characteristics of various modified electrodes containing PB for sensing H2O2, indicating that GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB has a high sensitivity and a wide linear range in comparison to those of other reported modified electrodes, proving improved electrical conductivity and good stability.
|Electrode||Linear range(mM)||Sensitivity(μA/(mMcm2))||Limit of detection(μM)||Applied potential(V)||Ref.|
An amperometric measurement was performed to assess the selectivity of the as-synthesized sensor. Fig. 8 shows that the current generated in the presence of 0.1 mM of interfering substances, such as citric acid, ascorbic acid, and L-cysteine. These interfering substances could be ignored relative to the current attributed solely to 0.1 mM H2O2 in N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl solution (pH 2.7) at an applied potential of 0.15 V, indicating that this sensor possessed an excellent anti-interference capacity.
The reproducibility was investigated by the CV experiments on five modified electrodes under the same condition, showing excellent performance as evidenced by a relative standard deviation (R.S.D) of 2.5%. Fig. S6 shows the stability examined by monitoring the current response in 1 mM H2O2 solution after effectively cycling the modified electrode. After 50 cycles, the reduction of the electrode signal was only 2.6%, and after 50 additional cycles, the loss of signal reached only 2.9%. To determine the life span of the prepared sensor, the as-synthesized electrodes were stored in a refrigerator at 4℃, and the electrode signal decreased to only 97.1% of its original peak current in 1 mM H2O2 after 20 days. In brief, MWCNTs@PpPD-PB on the GCE showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The current response becomes stable in less than 2 sec, which indicates the rapid response of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB on the GCE towards H2O2.
The performance of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposites on the GCE was analyzed by applying it to the determination of H2O2 present in the household disinfectant. Using amperometry measurement to obtain the response of the household disinfectant, the experiment was conducted under the same conditions as the conventional amperometry experimental conditions. The exact H2O2 concentration in the household disinfectant was measured using the standard addition method.
The concentrations obtained by stepwise increasing the concentration and the R.S.D are listed in Table 2. The recoveries of H2O2 were found to be in the range of 95-100%, indicating that the modified electrode is suitable for real sample analyses.
In this study, an approach for simple fabrication of sensitive electrochemical detection of H2O2 was described based on MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposites. The MWCNTs@PpPD was easily synthesized without structural destruction of MWCNTs by PpPD coating. PpPD not only serves to ensure good dispersion of MWCNTs in the water but also increased the reduction currents of H2O2. This modified electrode showed a good electrocatalytic response for reduction of H2O2 in an acidic solution and showed good linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, good reproducibility, and better stability. Finally, MWCNTs @PpPD-PB modified glassy carbon electrode was applied successfully to detect H2O2 in real samples as a sensor.
Publication cost of this paper was supported by the Korean Chemical Society.
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Dawn Sinks Bar Sink Series Stainless Steel Undermount Bar Sink
- Bar series undermount sink
- 18-gauge 304 series stainless steel
- 18/10 Chrome-Nickel
- Polished Satin finish
- Sound-deadening undercoating pads
- No-hassle limited warranty
- Supplied with cutout template
- Ideal for food preparation and cleaning cookware, dinnerware, kitchenware or tableware
- Optional accessories: SKS-KS1120 Stainless Bottom Grid (sold separately)
- Please Note: Handcrafted from a single panel of stainless steel
304 Series Stainless Steel - Japanese premium grade of stainless steel considered to be the best formulation for residential sink manufacturing.
16, 18 or 20 Gauge Stainless Steel -The lower the number of the gauge, the thicker the stainless steel.
18/10 Chrome-Nickel - 18% chrome and 10% nickel. Chrome gives the stainless steel luster & durability, while the nickel is for hardness & strength.
This Stainless Steel Bar Sink by Dawn Sinks features a rounded rectangular shape and a Satin finish. The prep sink is shaped out of 18-gauge, 304 series stainless steel and is equipped with sound-deadening undercoating pads to minimize excess noise from dishes and glassware. The basin measures 11-3/4" W x 15" D, offering plenty of sink space for your bar area or kitchen island. A convenient cutout template is included to make installation of this sink as simple as possible.
Overall: 13-3/4" W x 17" D x 7-1/8" H
Size of Basin: 11-3/4" W x 15" D
Ships via UPS/FedEx Ground
an Aoife Company LLC Store
Avenue, Stratford, CT 06615
Tel: (203) 374-5425
Fax: (203) 373-0810


Post-processing is a critical stage in the HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) 3D printing process, significantly impacting the final part’s appearance and mechanical properties. Understanding the primary and secondary post-processing stages and their best practices is essential for achieving optimal results.
Primary Post-Processing – Cleaning:
The primary post-processing stage involves removing excess unfused material from the printed part’s surface, crucial for preserving the part’s look, feel, and dimensional accuracy.
Techniques for Primary Post-Processing:
- Bead Blasting: This involves propelling glass beads at high pressure against the part’s surface. Bead blasting provides a uniform “satin” finish and does not affect the part’s dimensional stability. Both manual and automatic bead blasting systems are used, with the latter allowing for simultaneous processing of multiple parts.
- Air Blasting: Often used in combination with bead blasting, air blasting involves propelling a stream of compressed air onto the part’s surface. It helps remove any remaining powder material and blast media dust.
- Water Jet Blasting: This technique uses a fluid mixture of compressed air and water to remove powder. It is especially effective for cleaning complex geometries or ducts and can slightly reduce surface roughness.
Considerations for Bead Blasting:
- Blast Media: Glass beads (70–110 µm diameter) are recommended for MJF parts. They ensure no dimensional accuracy alteration and provide a more uniform surface.
- Air Pressure: Adjust air pressure based on the blasting system (manual or automatic) and the part’s fragility.
- Nozzle Diameter and Distance: The nozzle diameter and distance to the part significantly impact the cleaning effectiveness.
Water Jet Blasting Advantages:
- Complex Geometries Cleaning: Ideal for intricate parts due to different nozzle orientations.
- Reduced Surface Roughness: Can achieve smoother finishes compared to traditional vibratory systems.
- Dust-Free Environment: Eliminates the need for subsequent processing to remove blast media dust.
Secondary Post-Processing: Cosmetic and Surface Roughness Reduction:
Secondary post-processing includes techniques that provide cosmetic attributes or reduce surface roughness. These include dyeing, painting, vibratory tumbling, and chemical polishing.
Key Factors in Secondary Post-Processing:
- Dyeing and Painting: These methods can enhance the part’s visual appeal but may impact dimensional accuracy.
- Surface Roughness Reduction: Techniques like vibratory tumbling or chemical polishing improve the part’s tactile feel and appearance.
Effective post-processing in HP Multi Jet Fusion printing requires a strategic approach, considering the part’s application, material, and desired properties. By meticulously applying primary and secondary post-processing techniques, manufacturers can significantly enhance the quality of their 3D printed parts, ensuring they meet both functional and aesthetic requirements.


Crowns & Bridges
Tooth Restorations for All Cases
Crowns and Bridges are amongst one of the most common dental fixtures required all over the world. At Astro Dental Art, we have a wide variety of Crowns & Bridges to suit both your budget and your aesthetic needs.
All-Ceramic Crowns & Bridges
All-Ceramic crowns and bridges are cosmetic dental restorations that are designed to either cap or completely cover a tooth that is being restored. It is the most natural-looking tooth replacement.
Types of All-Ceramic Crowns & Bridges
The Zirconia Solid all-ceramic crowns & bridges are monolithic and made purely from zirconia, and 100% metal-free.
The Zirconia HT is are highly translucent all-ceramic crowns & bridges that are much stronger than PFM products.
The Zirconia Layered all-ceramic crowns & bridges are extremely strong and designed for multi-unit bridges where the IPS e.max® is not suitable.
With versatility, reliability and longevity in mind, e.max® is unmatched in clinical success. With biocompatible lithium disilicate ingots, e.max® offers optimized esthetic properties, creating restorations that offer true-to-natural results.
The ultimate in metal-free esthetics and durability for both anterior and posterior applications. Provides unmatched strength (400 MPa flexural strength). Indicated for single-unit crowns and 3-unit anterior bridge cases (from 2nd bi-cuspid forward).
Etching & Silanization
Etching & Silanization is the process of creating an appropriate surface to bond the IPS e.max®. It is important as it helps the IPS e.max® attach to teeth more securely and therefore allows the IPS e.max® to have a longer lifespan. Astro Dental Art provides Etching and Silanization service for our clients. Call us at (403) 455-0300 for more information or to book an appointment.
Process of Etching & Silanization
STEP 1 – Buffered Hydrofluoric Acid Gel
Bisco’s Porcelain Etchant improves the adhesive bond between porcelain and cement by increasing the surface area of the porcelain to be bonded. The effect is similar to sandblasting but is more controlled and effective. Porcelain Etchant will microscopically roughen the feldspathic porcelain or glass surface. Bisco’s Porcelain Etchant is available in 2 concentrations: 4% or 9.5% (Hydrofluoric Acid Gel).
STEP 2 – 37% Phosphoric Acid Etchant with Benzalkonium Chloride
Etch-37 w/BAC is a 37% phosphoric acid semi-gel etchant that is effective at quickly etching enamel and dentin. Etch-37 w/BAC is polymer-thickened and effectively removes the smear layer, etches and demineralizes enamel and dentin. It is easily manipulated into small areas such as endodontically treated root canals and undercuts. This makes it more versatile than some thicker gel etchants for etching all restorative surfaces. Published research proves that Bisco etchants produce higher bond strengths to (wet or dry) dentin1 and enamel.
- Rinses away cleanly and quickly leaving no residue to interfere with bonding
- Blue in color for easy visualization and contrast
- Creates microretentive surface characteristics that are necessary for successful bonding.
- New bulk syringe delivery system available
- Contains benzalkonium chloride (BAC), an antimicrobial agent. In-vitro research shows it is effective against Actinomyces viscosus.
STEP 3 – Bis-Saline
A two-part Silane coupling agent offering additional shelf-life stability to ensure long lasting effective bonding to porcelain.
Minimal Prep Veneers – Feldspathic veneers have been made popular by patients for their non-invasive preparation requirements, and their ability to allow the existing tooth shades to shine through.
This hand-crafted veneer is created with artistry by use of a brush and glass-based powder mixed with liquid. This material is highly translucent and mimics natural dentition when applied properly. To fabricate feldspathic veneers, the technician hand paints the veneer layer by layer so contour and texture can be controlled and crafted. Then the veneer is baked on a foil tray to solidify. The results are a highly esthetic restoration that is ideal for anterior restorations where shape, texture, and natural-beauty are priorities.
Porcelain Fused Metal Dental Crowns (PFM)
PFM combines the strength of a metal coping with hand layered porcelain. The metal base gives off a natural-like hue from within that is complimented when porcelain is applied.
A PFM crown has been known to leave the appearance of a dark line at the gums in some cases, and because of the core being comprised of metal, sometimes the quality of the metal is not up to standard. Thankfully you now have a choice of what type of PFM crown you would like to order. We can use standard metals, noble metals, or high noble metals which are precious alloys. It’s even possible now to combine the benefits of a metal structure with the digital technology of milling the base of the crown in a digital milling machine.
Types of PFM Dental Crowns
The White Hi-Noble PFM dental crowns have a lifespan of over 30 years if properly maintained with good oral hygiene practices.
The Yellow Hi-Noble PFM dental crowns are made with precious metal and have a lifespan of over 30 years.
The Semi-Precious PFM dental crowns are strong and durable and therefore have good marginal integrity.
The Non-Precious PFM dental crowns are strong, versatile, and durable and have a lifespan of over 60 years.
Full Cast Crowns & Bridges
Full Cast Crowns and Bridges have the potential to last a lifetime due to its durability. The restorations done on full cast crowns and bridges are often designed to fit perfectly, as the materials used offer great bio-compatibility, as well as are known to be extremely compatible with the human mouth (except in the case of alloy sensitivity).
Types of Full Cast Crowns & Bridge
The Semi-Precious full cast crown & bridge has characteristics that allows for long-term wear. With good oral hygiene, they can last for 30-40 years.
The Gold full cast crown & bridge is one of the most wear-friendly of dental materials of all time. It is extremely bio-compatible.


The energy efficiency of a home is becoming increasingly important to homeowners looking to reduce the cost of their heating bills. By making sure that you choose home improvement products that have excellent energy efficiency properties and values you can make a real saving on your bills.
Timber: traditional material, modern manufacture
Timber is one of the best materials to construct a window from if you want a product with increased levels of thermal performance and energy efficiency.
Although traditional timber windows have attracted criticism in the past for their inefficient thermal retention properties, modern timber windows, thanks to their combination of traditional design and modern manufacture, are now incredibly energy efficient.
Accoya wood for added insulation
Our timber windows are made from Accoya wood, which is renowned for its excellent energy efficiency properties.
,p>Accoya is an outstandingly durable, thermally efficient and eco-friendly, treated softwood that is created through the acetylation wood modification process for added energy efficiency. This type of wood is renowned for its thermal retention, which makes the ideal material from which to construct a window.
Timber sash windows: truly energy efficient
Traditional timber windows may have gained bad press in the past for being notoriously draughty and inefficient but modern manufacture means that timber windows are now some of the best thermal insulators around, making them great for making a home more energy efficiency.
Reddish Joinery: energy efficient timber windows
Reddish Joinery are specialists in the manufacture and installation of energy efficient timber windows. For more information about any of our products or services please give us a call on 0161 969 7474 or send us an email. We hope to hear from you soon!


Download Free PDF book on ” Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass ” by James Clark and Fabien Deswarte. Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, Second Edition presents an overview of the use of biorenewable resources in the 21st century for the manufacture of chemical products, materials and energy. The book demonstrates that biomass is essentially a rich mixture of chemicals and materials and, as such, has a tremendous potential as feedstock for making a wide range of chemicals and materials with applications in industries from pharmaceuticals to furniture.
|Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass
|James Clark and Fabien Deswarte
|John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Our square edge #160 CBN wheel.
We’ve developed the #160 for sharpening very dull blades, and re-profiling bevels to a lower angle.
If you often repair dents, reprofile bevels, or do first-time sharpening for knifemakers, you will benefit to add the extra coarse #80 wheel to your inventory aswell for quick steel removal.
We recommend 2-3 strokes on each side of the knife on the #160 wheel after working with #80 grit.
It is also perfectly possible to grind on the side of the wheel if a completely flat grinding phase is desired.
Our CBN wheels can be run with common running water from your house or workshop tap thanks to the special embedding technology. Note that if you run CBN wheels of other makers with water, the CBN coating may detach from their wheel base.
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) properties include extreme hardness, stability under heat, and superior chemical resistance.
Cubic boron nitride is the second-hardest known material on the planet (after diamonds), but has higher heat and impact resistance than diamonds, and therefore CBN is preferred over diamond in industrial applications.


PanzerGlass Apple iPhone Xs Max with PG Case
PanzerGlass™ Standard Fit Apple iPhone Xs Max screen protector is made of flat tempered glass. It is reduced in size and covers the entire non-curving area of the device.
The shape of the screen protector is optimised to maximise protection while maintaining functionality and ease of use.
All edges are carefully rounded and polished and are coated with an anti-fingerprint layer to maintain and secure an excellent touch and feel from the original glass. It features an optimised adhesive and anti-shatter film.
Our Cases are nontoxic, odorless, washable and eco-friendly. They are easy to install and ensure the high level of impact and scratch resistance known from other PanzerGlass products.
- Original PanzerGlass™ tempered glass screen protector
- Shock resistant (0.33- 0.4 mm glass)
- Scratch resistant
- Crystal Clear
- Oleophobic layer (anti-bacterial + anti-fingerprint)
- 100% touch preservation


What is the technology behind the soldering process?
Soldering is a thermal process for the bonded joining of materials. With the help of a soldering iron or laser, the required heat is provided for solid soldered joints and for melting the solder. This allows various components and materials – such as those made of nickel, copper, metal, steel, iron and aluminum – to be bonded together. A metal alloy that melts easily (called the solder) serves as the bonding material for the soldered joint. Soldering process equipment includes an automatic, programmable solder feeder and a variety of sensors for process monitoring. One special application is soldering in a vacuum or shielding gas. These processes are used to ensure that stringent cleanliness requirements are met, e.g. for semiconductor assembly or in the production of high vacuum systems or electron tubes.
Distinction between two different soldering technologies:
- In soft-soldering, the melting point of the solder is below a temperature of 450 °C – for example, in the electronics industry.
- In hard-soldering, or brazing, the melting point of the solder is above a temperature of 450 °C – for example, for particularly strong joints in the automotive industry or in the photovoltaic and battery sectors.


At MEE Glazed Products we supply and install Aluminium bi-folding doors. Aluminium bi-folding doors are a revolutionary product that has rapidly grown in popularity over the past ten years. Aluminium is undoubtedly the most suitable material for the manufacture of bi folding doors, it is both strong and lightweight, it will not contract or expand in extreme weather conditions, and it is almost maintenance free, plus aluminium can be powder coated to any colour.
Our range of aluminium bi-folding doors can work very well for you in your home, in an office or store – which is why they’re extremely popular commercially and domestically.
For more information, or any questions about Aluminium bi-folding doors then you can contact us by telephone or email or you can call into our office and showroom and we’ll be more than happy to go through things with you and answer any questions you may have.


ADVANCED 4D-NANO DESIGN
Low rolling resistance, outstanding safety and durability are the three main requirements that car tyres need to fulfil, both today and in the future. To drive progress in this area, the scientists and engineers at Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. conducted pioneering research into the molecular structure of tyres, using particle accelerators and advanced simulation computers. They succeeded in simulating and controlling the molecular structure of rubber compounds used for tyres at nano level; for example, they analysed where and how superfluous heat was generated in the tyre and how this development could be minimised. Heat means loss of energy for the tyre, and thus rolling resistance – which is ultimately responsible for fuel consumption. Advanced 4D-Nano Design technology is the result of these advanced findings in molecular structures. It enables savings in fuel consumption of up to five per cent to be achieved compared to conventional tyre models, and significantly improves the tyre’s performance in wet conditions.


Clay roofing tiles have been used for centuries, mostly because they can provide a structure with a wide range of benefits and advantages. These types of roofing tiles are ideal for people looking for a tough and environmentally friendly roofing option.
A clay roof is a great choice if you want to limit the amount of maintenance that you will have to perform. The reason for this is that clay roofing tiles are going to be able to last a lifetime, and are often more than capable of lasting much longer than the house they are installed on. In many cases, your clay roofing tiles will last for at least 100 years.
Another reason that clay roofing is a great choice for someone who wants a strong and durable roof is that clay is one of the most fire-resistant roofing materials available. This makes clay roofing tiles one of the best choices if you live in a very dry area where there is a risk of fire. In those areas, a fire that breaks out in your neighborhood will not be able to spread to your house as easily because the sparks and embers that a fire uses to spread from roof to roof will not be able to ignite your clay roofing tiles.
In addition, clay tiles are not at risk in wet climates where insects and moisture can destroy many other roofing materials. Clay roofing tiles do not have any materials that will cause rot, and insects are unable to bore into or eat the clay tiles.
Clay roofing tiles are also a great choice if you want to limit your home's energy usage and make your home more environmentally friendly. This is possible in the summer because the clay tiles will reflect light rather than absorb it. When a roof absorbs sunlight, your home heats up and will often lead to you using your air conditioner more often.
Another way that clay roofing tiles can keep your home cool is because of their shape. The shape of clay tiles allows air to flow above and below the tiles, which creates an additional insulating barrier that traps cool air in the home and keeps hot air out. In addition, this insulating barrier can help you keep your heating bills down by preventing cold air from entering the home and warm air from escaping.
Speak to a roofing contractor today in order to discuss whether clay tiles are right for your home. Clay tiles are a fantastic option that is both tough and great for the environment.Share


Direct thermal barcode printers require the use of heat activated thermal papers and films, but require no transfer ribbon. The print color is limited to black, unless special, preprinted direct thermal paper is used. The printing is not as crisp as that of thermal transfer ribbon printing, and over time the labels will darken. The main benefit is an overall lower cost, since ribbon is not required.
Thermal transfer barcode label printers require the use of a carbon ribbon which gets transferred onto the substrate via heat. The ribbons can be different colors, so you are not limited to printing only in black. The printing is very crisp and durable so this method is excellent for high density bar-codes and labels that require longevity. The other benefit is that thermal transfer printers can print on paper, film, and even foil substrates.


Plasmafit PRO™ Acetabular System
The Plasmafit PRO Shell with Vitelene Liner Acetabular System is a two-piece system containing a metal shell and plastic liner. The system has been designed to provide long-term implant survivorship and offer a high-level of implant performance.
The Plasmafit PRO shell is inserted into the acetabulum of the hip and the Vitelene liner is inserted into the shell. The femoral head that is placed onto the hip stem engages the liner which recreate the ball and socket movement of the hip joint.
Plasmafit PRO Shell with Vitelene Liner offer the following benefits to patients:
Implant Long-Term Survivorship – The Plasmafit PRO shell design, along with the applied rough coating, combine to encourage the bone to fixate to the implant for long-term stability.
High Performance – The Vitelene liner is made from polyethylene blended with Vitamin E. The polyethylene liner is subject to oxidation in the body. Oxidation can degrade the material, causing it to weaken. Vitamin E is a naturally occurring antioxidant substance that has been introduced into the liner to help ensure the process of oxidation is limited, thereby reducing the potential for degradation and maintaining the performance of the material for long-term use. The liner is then permitted to maintain as a smooth, hard material that can absorb the impact and stress from daily activities like walking and sitting to running and playing sports.


High density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter: 53x33x33cm, 68x42x42cm
1 - 1000
1001 - 5000
5001 - 10000
To be negotiated
Factory OEM Plastic Polypropylene Porous PE PES PTFE Powder Fired Sintered Filter Disc Plate Disk
High density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter:
Our company manufactures the ultra-high molecular polyethylene sintered filter, molecular weight is more than 3 million of sintering particles.Use a mould to use the pressure in the sintering furnace.Microporous materials are widely applied for treatment of waste gas and waste water because of their good price ratio. By adding functional materials of various kinds, active carbon for example, to conventional plastic raw materials, we can effectively remove substances harmful to the environment in gases and liquids, such as peculiar smell and organic matters etc. Potassium titanate whiskers, for example, can exchange the heavy metal ions contained in waste water, thus they have excellent performance in sewage treatment.
Various size PE/PTFE sintered filter
Customized services are avaiable, pls contact us to talk.
We will try our best to meet your demand.
High density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter
Filter size and microns can be customized. Smaller size or bigger size !
Waste water treatment
A.Pharmaceutical Industry (1)Large infusion of water, pharmaceutical intermediates decarbonization filtration; fermentation broth, oral liquid (2)Powder activated carbon with decolorization filter(medicinal liquid glucose,antibiotics,synthetic medicine,preparation,Chinese herbal medicine liquid,etd.) (3)Injection liquid (4)Injection air filter (5)Injection washing bottle water (6)Medical liquor filtration
B.Chemical Industry (1)Aluminum hydroxide filtering and washing (2)Palladium catalyst filtering and washing (3)Phosphor filtering and washing (4)Zinc carbonate filtering (5)Sodium carbonate solution filtration (6)Barium sulfate filtering and washing (7)Cadmium sulfide filtering and washing
C.Chemical fiber & textile industry (1)Acid bath filtration (2)Sulfur and acrylic acid purification filtration (3)Silk water precifion filtration
D.Light industry and food industry (1)Syrup filtration (2)Drink filtration (3)Wine and white spirit filtration (4)Vegetable oil precision filtration (5)Essential oil filtration (6)Mineral water filtration
E.Machinery and Oil industry (1)Plating solution filtration (2)Internal combustion engine cleaning fluid precision filtration (3)Oil field washing filtration (4)Electrical industry ultra-pure water equipment
F.Waste water treatment (1)Heavy mental hydroxide waste water treatment (2)Mix-ture heavy metals waste water treatment (3)Chemical waste water treatment (4)Ceramic waste water treatment (5)Aluminum-containing waste water treatment (6)Other waste water treatment


Simple cracked wood with great performance
Japa 435 is a firewood processor for professional use that produces quality firewood, uniform and clean, safely and without effort. It is suitable for soft and hard wood of all sizes. The hydraulic saw, with a bar of 20 inches, allows the entry of logs with a thickness of up to 43 cm.The machine is equipped with sensors that measure and control its operation in real time.
The model Japa 435 has the new patented cleaning system “Perfect Clean”, which removes dust and debris from the logs split by the vibration. Perfect Clean cleaning system is installed behind the cracking section, and uses a separate discharge conveyor belt independently to remove any residue.
“Perfect Split”. The new cracking wedge ensures that the Japa 435 processor is always fast, efficient and easy to use, regardless of the hardness and diameter of the wood being processed.


Our semiconductor grade gases are used in applications ranging from propylene used in ashable hard mask, methane and carbon monoxide for etch modulation and ethylene used for carbon replenishment in the dielectric layer. We understand the demanding quality requirements of the industry and support our customers with improved tolerances, ship to control and SPC/SQC data.
Our standard products are shown below and in all cases if the specification required is not shown we are able to provide customised specifications.
|Product||Chemical Formula||Purity Range Available|
|Carbon Monoxide||CO||99.99% to 99.999%|
|Ethane||C2H6||99.995% to 99.9995%|
|Ethylene||C2H4||99.999% to 99.9995%|
|Methane||CH4||99.999% to 99.9999%|
|Propylene||C3H6||99.95% to 99.995%|


Promotion: Swedish design brand Bolon is celebrating 75 years of creating luxury flooring and rugs that aim to highlight the “potential in waste”.
Launched in 1949 on the premise of “pushing recycling in the design industry” by turning industrial textile waste into premium rugs, all of the brand’s products now contain 68 per cent waste material.
“Recycling is woven into everything we do,” Bolon told Dezeen. “In just a few years we have gone from 28 per cent recycled material to 68 per cent by doing what we have always done: we saw potential in waste.”
The family-owned brand’s manufacturing takes place in a “climate-neutral” factory in Ulricehamn, Sweden, which means that any carbon emissions produced are offset.
Rather than have a “green collection”, Bolon has instead pledged to ensure all of its products are climate-neutral too.
“In 2020 we set an ambitious goal to halve our climate impact and ensure that all our products contain at least 50 per cent recycled material by 2028,” said the brand.
“This year, we’ll surpass our goal substantially and will be able to offer 68 per cent recycled material in all our products.”
Some of Bolon’s recent material innovations include bio-sourced PVC made from pulp and paper industry waste, recycled PVC and recycled chalk derived from marble slab production.
“In 75 years, Bolon has evolved from humble beginnings to a global leader in design-led, sustainable flooring solutions, with renowned clients across the world,” said the brand.
Aesthetics are also important to the company, with prominent names such as Patricia Urquiola and Jean Nouvel all creating collections with Bolon over the years.
The brand says its ultimate goal is to “turn waste materials into beautiful flooring and rugs of supreme quality”.
Bolon products previously featured on Dezeen include a muted made-to-measure rug collection designed for high-footfall commercial interiors and Bolon Studio, a collection of woven flooring in bold geometric prints that can be customised by users.
The company, which says it is committed “to never standing still”, is also considering a number of future initiatives.
“We are currently looking into developing a take-back [scheme] for used flooring and rugs,” said Bolon.
“We are also going to continue our journey to replace virgin materials with recycled or bio-sourced materials.”
“We believe in creating new dimensions by challenging conventions and breaking down barriers,” it added. “We are dreamers and innovators and see that in the future we will be able to offer woven design to more than just flooring and rugs.”
To find out more about Bolon’s sustainability pledges, visit its website.
This article was written by Dezeen for Bolon as part of a partnership. Find out more about Dezeen partnership content here.


Description ACETIC ACID (SYNTHETIC) (GOST 19814-74)
Acetic acid - CH3COOH - is a colorless, highly inflammable liquid with strong vinegar odour.
Acetic acid is used for producing salts and esters, acetylchloride, monochloroacetic acid, medicine, dyes, insecticides, in light industry and for many other purposes.
Transportation: r/w tankcars fabricated from stainless steel, grade 12X18H10T or 10X17H13M2T, with top drain. Guaranteed storage life - 12 months from production date.
Description Grade standard
1. Appearance and colour - Colorless, clear liquid without mechanical impurities
2. Solubility in water - Fully soluble, solution is clear
3. Mass portion of acetic acid, %, not less than 99,5
4. Mass portion of acetic aldehyde, %, not more than 0,004
5. Mass portion of formic acid, %, not more than 0,05
6. Sulfate (SO4), %, not more than 0,0003
7. Chloride (Cl) mass portion, %, not more than 0,0004
8. Heavy metals mass portion precipitable with hydrogen sulfide (Pb), %, not more than 0,0004
9. Mass portion of iron (Fe), %, not more than 0,0004
10. Nonvolatile residue mass portion, %, not more than 0,004
11. Stability of potassium permanganate solution colour, min, not less than 60
12. Mass portion of the substances oxidized by potassium bichromate, cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution of concentration with (Na2S2O3*5H2O) = 0,1 mol/dm3 (0,1H), not more than


14. September 2020 um 10:00 – 12:15
A biocircular economy focusses on the use of raw materials and other materials in a way that prevents the creation of waste.
Raw materials and products form a closed cycle and are used and reused optimally. With the aid of new technology, residual flows are processed to create unique, valuable raw materials, semi-finished and finished goods.
Join the international community of innovative entrepreneurs and professionals, talented researchers and promising students that work towards a biocircular economy!


Denver roofing projects can be expensive – especially if the damage was caused by hail or damaging storms. But recent developments in roofing material can now help prevent this type of damage from occurring in the first place. Known as “impact resistant,” a new type of single can make your home’s roof nearly impervious to most hail- and wind-related damage. The question is: are they worth the cost? We’ll find out in this impact resistant shingles review.
What are Impact Resistant Shingles?
Shingles that are “impact resistant” are considered a class 4 product, and are designed to withstand high winds and hail damage. These shingles may be made of copper, aluminum, resin and plastic.
Shingles with the Class 4 rating have an impact resistance rating of UL 2218. The UL 2218 is the roofing industry standard for testing shingles against hail impact. There are four testing classes that use four different steel ball sizes that range from 1 1/4” to 2”. These steel balls are dropped at heights between 12 and 20 feet to mimic the impact of hail falling at high speeds.
The UL 2218 is currently the highest impact resistance rating. Aside from hail impact, these shingles can also withstand high winds up to 110mph.
Are Class 4 Impact Resistant Shingles Worth the Cost?
Generally, yes. But it really depends on where you live. Thousands of homeowners lose their roofs to wind and hail damage each year, but some areas are more affected by damaging storms than others. Homes in areas that experience stronger, damaging storms will benefit greatly from impact resistant shingles because they offer long-term roof protection.
Impact resistant shingles do cost more initially, but they pay for themselves in the long run. Typically, these shingles cost 10-20% more than their non-impact counterparts. That being said, they reduce a homeowner’s maintenance costs and may even prevent premature roof replacement.
Many insurers also offer discounts to homeowners with a Class 4 roof. This discount can also help offset the higher costs of these shingles.


Bushmaster Bushcraft Explorer Fixed Blade
Hardness and durability are the hallmarks of the richly veined zebra wood used to craft the handle scales of the Bushmaster Bushcraft Explorer Fixed Blade Knife. The scales are securely fastened to the tang with brass pins, assuring that when you use this awesome camping knife, you will never have to worry about its reliability. Combine the incredibly strong zebra wood with a 4 3/8” 1095 high carbon steel blade that’s razor sharp and you have a knife you will use for every situation. The fixed blade is protected by a genuine leather belt sheath with a snap closure and lacing holes. Also, a lanyard hole in the knife’s handle offers an alternative carrying option.
- The combination of super strong zebra wood and high carbon steel makes this fixed blade camping knife invincible
- It has a full tang, 4 3/8” 1095 high carbon steel blade with a matte finish and, make no mistake, it is keenly sharp
- Richly veined zebra wood handle scales are securely fastened to the tang with brass pins and the handle features a brass lanyard hole
- The fixed blade is secured in a genuine leather belt sheath with a snap closure and lacing holes and it’s 9 5/8” in overall length


BITACOL is a cement-based ceramic grout with selected raw materials made by experienced experts under the supervision of Belgian technology to produce a strong grout.
BITACOL is made specifically for grouting ceramic, marble, granite and the like, recommended for interior areas.
BITACOL has strong adhesion, is waterproof, easy to install and environmentally friendly.
HOW TO USE :
Mix BITACOL with clean water, with the composition of 1 Kg BITACOL: 320 ml of clean water.
Stir to form a paste and let stand for 2 (two) minutes before use.
Fill the grout with BITACOL paste while pressing it so that the grout is fully and evenly filled.
Use cotton, wet sponge or wet cloth to clean the ceramic from the remaining paste dirt
Clean the work tool using clean water.
PACKAGING: Available in 1 Kg packs
HOW TO STORAGE:
Store in a cool and dry place, away from heat sources and keep out of reach of children.


Test Stand Results
with additives in
Potassium Nitrate/Sugar Formulations
The melt viscosity of propellant formulations based on potassium nitrate and sugars can be dramatically lowered with the use of certain surfactants at low levels. However, the burn rate, under pressure, of many of these propellants containing surfactant is often significantly effected. Most often burn rates are significantly longer at chamber pressures lower than ~700 psi. Traditional Bates 2 grain 38mm motors using KNO3/sugar propellants at (65:35) with 3/8” cores with no surfactant present have burn times between 0.75 and 1.13 seconds according to Nakka’s SRM simulation spread sheets (for sucrose, dextrose, and sorbitol using Aerotech type hardware at 1000 psi max chamber pressure). Personal test stand evaluations gave burn times of ~ 1.7 seconds and Isp engine ratings between 125 and 128 sec in two separate motor burns using sorbitol fuel. This indicates that my personal test stand is generating data that match that modeled by Nakka. It is interesting to note that motor burn times of ~1.7 sec for sorbitol based motors matches those burn times I obtain for high pressure surfactant containing sorbitol motors as well as those sorbitol/surfactant motors using RIO as an additive.
The links below, based on the different sugars used as fuel, connect to pages with data on the use of surfactants such as Polystep B-1 with this basic 65:35 formulation. Links are also present which will detail experiments using other surfactants that exhibit viscosity reduction (other_surfactants). Test stand evaluation of other additives used as burn rate modifiers in combination with surfactant have their own page as well. Although fine Al and Ti powders are really considered fuels rather than additives, links to test stand data on motors with these metals are also present (other_additives). The use of other additives such as RIO in formulations containing surfactant does not affect the viscosity reducing ability of the surfactant. The presence of such an additive does, however, negate the unusual lengthening of the burn rate sometimes seen with some formulations which contain only a viscosity reducing surfactant as an additive.
Test stand results comparing formulations with and without surfactant reveal that sometimes slight reductions in Isp occur and at other times normal normal motor performance is obtained when surfactant is present. When it occurs this reduction appears to be on the order of 5 - 10%. Work is ongoing to determine what variable(s) cause this ISP reduction or why it sometimes does not happen. Most likely this difference is due to increased "flushing" as described on the Nakka web site (http://www.nakka-rocketry.net/knsbchar.html).


Abstract − Analytical Sciences, 25(7), 845 (2009).
Development of Spray Deposition/MALDI-TOFMS and Its Application to the Rapid Screening of Hydrolysis Products Derived from Nitrogen Mustards
Chu-Feng LIN,* Ju-Tsung LIU,** and Cheng-Huang LIN*
*Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan **Forensic Science Center, Military Police Command, Department of Defense, Taipei, Taiwan
A novel method for preparing samples for use in MALDI-TOFMS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) is described. Seven hydrolysis products derived from nitrogen mustards and CHCA (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) were selected as model compounds and the matrix, respectively. A capillary atomizer was used for evaporative and spray deposition of the sample/matrix solution, leading to the formation of a freestanding film that coated and accumulated on the MALDI substrate (i.e., sample plate). Compared to the traditional method for MALDI, which involves the production of dried droplets, the surface roughness was reduced, resulting in the accumulation of the sample-doped matrix on the sample plate. This resulted in an increase in the limit of detection of 1 − 2 orders of magnitude. In order to compare the structures of the sample-doped matrices obtained by the traditional dried droplet method versus the spray deposition method (developed in this study), the matrices were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The design of the capillary atomizer and details of the experimental conditions are reported. The application of this method to the above seven degradation products was successful, suggesting that it has great potential for use as a routine monitoring tool.


Shib Shankar Dash*
Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Salboni, Paschim Medinipur, 721 516, West Bengal, India,
*Address for Corresponding Author
Shib Shankar Dash
Department of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Salboni, Paschim Medinipur, 721 516, West Bengal, India
Objective: Areca nut seed commonly used as ingredients in the preparation of betel has tremendous medicinal significance, is rich in different types of primary and secondary plant metabolites. In this work, the seed extract has been utilized in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles at room temperature under very mild conditions. Material and methods: The synthesis of the gold nanoparticles occurred rapidly and no extra stabilizing or capping agents were necessary. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy, HRTEM, FTIR and X-ray Diffraction studies. Results and conclusion: The synthesized gold nanoparticles are almost spherical in shape with average size 15 nm. The Catalytic property of gold nanoparticles towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol has also been demonstrated. The results described here will be useful in nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Keywords: Areca nut, gold nanoparticles, green synthesis, catalytic reduction


Eldex® manufactures instruments for chemical analysis and chemical process control. Our instruments are used in a variety of applications ranging from capillary HPLC to reactant feed.
We offer a wide selection of off the shelf high pressure precision metering pumps. We also customize our products to meet the needs of OEMs. Our ReciPro® line has models with flow rates from between 0.002 mL/min. to 144 mL/min. at pressures up to 6000 psi. The versatility of the ReciPro pumps makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including column washing and backflushing, post-column reaction, reactant feed and other process applications.
Our MicroPro® pumps, based on a high pressure syringe design, are especially well suited for fluid delivery in the microliter per minute range, with applications in nano, capillary, and micro HPLC and LC-MS, as well as a variety of low flow uses.
The Eldex product range also includes a versatile fraction collector.
Eldex designed and manufactured the PicoTag™ Workstation for Waters. Now, we are able to offer an equivalent instrument called the Hydrolysis/Derivatization (H/D) WorkStation, as well as spare parts, accessories, and service for the PicoTag WorkStation and Vacuum Station.
In addition to our standard products, we manufacture a variety of specialized instruments and customize our standard products for other manufacturers.


When we refer to aesthetic "fillings" we are talking about one of two types of natural-looking tooth-colored restorations that are substitutes for the legacy amalgam and gold fillings.
The simplest type of aesthetic filling is what people commonly refer to as "bonding". This filling is performed by the dentist in one single sitting and is comprised of a composite resin material (a mixture of glass and resin particles) that is placed into smaller cavities and bonded or adhered to the tooth chemically with special liquid “bonding agents”.
The second type of aesthetic filling is the ceramic inlay or onlay (partial coverage restoration). They are made in our own laboratory, from a high density porcelain-like material that is baked under vacuum pressure in a special Ivoclar Empress processing machine. Ceramic fillings are some of the most aesthetic restorations that modern dentistry can offer. They are strong, natural looking and long lasting.


Crane Lifting Slings, Bridles and Assemblies
Tri-State Rigging Equipment is an authorized Rigging Weld and Service Center. With over 60 years in the material handling industry, we are experts at manufacturing and repairing rigging slings of all types. These include:
- Chain Slings
- Wire Rope Slings
- Polyester and Nylon Synthetic Slings—round or web style
- Fiber Rope Slings
- Metal Mesh Slings
In addition to crane slings we can also take care of all your sling protection needs from corner guards to wear pads to sling sleeves. If you are unable to locate what you need, here at Tri-State we can custom configure and manufacture a sling to fit any application.
If you need help finding what you are looking for, call or email our sales team to speak with a rigging product specialist.
Chain rigging slings are constructed using the industry standard grade 80 and grade 100 alloy steel chain. Chain slings are popular in overhead lifting due to their ruggedness, strength, resistance to abrasion and cutting, and their ability to perform under exposure to high temperatures. This allows alloy chain slings to be used in:
- Steel Mills
- Heavy Machine Shops, etc.
Chain lifting slings are made from alloy steel and can be custom configured to fit any lifting or rigging application. Chain slings are easily modified and repaired offering industry leading versatility. Lifting chain slings are available in single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg and 4-leg alloy chain bridle assemblies and they can be used in vertical, choker, or basket hitches. In addition, chain slings can be configured to have adjustable leg lengths. Adjustable chain slings are an ideal solution for picking up asymmetrical loads and loads with an unknown or awkward center of gravity.
Wire Rope Slings
Wire rope rigging slings, sometimes referred to as cable lifting slings, consist of individual steel wires that form strands, the strands are then laid around a fiber or steel IWRC (Independent Wire Rope Core) core. Wire rope can be manufactured in a wide variety of patterns and constructions. These patterns and constructions all give the wire rope different properties, allowing wire rope slings and bridles to be used in variety of different working conditions and applications. Wire rope lifting slings are overall more cost-effective and lighter in weight than similar capacity chain rigging slings. This makes them very popular in the following industries:
- Oil and Gas
- General Manufacturing
In addition to these industries, wire rope bridles and assemblies can stand up to the harsh conditions seen in steel mills and forging facilities. Steel wire rope slings are available in single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg, and 4-leg wire rope bridle assemblies. In addition, they can be used in vertical, choker, and basket hitches.
Synthetic rigging Slings can be broken up into three subcategories, all offering different benefits and drawbacks:
- Synthetic Round Slings
- Synthetic Web Slings
- Synthetic Rope Slings
Synthetic lifting slings can be constructed of either nylon or polyester, with each material offering different properties and benefits. Synthetic rigging slings lead the industry in combined strength, flexibility and support. Synthetic lifting slings are perfect for situations where it is imperative that the load not be damaged by the sling.
Synthetic slings can be configured to fit almost any rigging application. This includes single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg, and 4-leg synthetic bridle assemblies. Additionally, they can be used in vertical, choker and basket hitches. Due to their ease of use, relative inexpensiveness, standard sizes and replaceability, they are very popular in construction and other general industries.
Metal Wire Mesh Slings
Metal mesh lifting slings, sometimes referred to as wire mesh slings or chain mesh slings are constructed using high-tensile carbon, alloy, or stainless-steel links, arranged in a tightly knit mesh pattern. Wire mesh rigging slings are extremely abrasion and cutting resistant and can also withstand the high temperatures seen in the metal working industry as well as many others. Metal mesh slings are especially useful for securing and lifting unusual or irregular loads due to their wide bearing surface. While they are not quite as versatile as other types of slings, they can be used in vertical, choker and basket hitches.
The leading cause of lifting sling failure, especially in the case of synthetic slings, is cutting and abrasion. Often, in order to get a secure grip on the load, the rigging sling must be wrapped around sharp and/or protruding edges. This puts undue stress on the sling, no matter the type, and can significantly reduce not only your sling's durability but also your sling's WLL (working load limit). Sling protectors like edge guards, wear pads and sling protector sleeves, come in a variety of different shapes, styles and materials but they are all used to lessen the amount of cutting and abrasion forces exerted by a load on whatever sling you decide to use.
Best Rigging Practices
- Crane slings are to be hitched in a manner that provides optimal control of the load
- Sharp edges or protruding edges in contact with a sling are to be padded with material of sufficient strength to protect the crane sling
- Crane slings are to be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person
- When any crane sling is off the ground personnel should be alert for possible snagging. Especially when the sling is empty as it is more prone to snag things it passes by when not lifting a load
- In a basket hitch, the load must be balanced to prevent slippage
- Keep loads in a basket hitch under control by ensuring that the legs of the rigging sling contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity
- In a choker hitch, make sure the choke point is on the crane sling body only, and not on a fitting
- In a choker hitch, angles of choke less than 120° are not to be used without a reduction in the rated load
- Ensure that lifting slings are not constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting
- The load applied to the hook should always be centered in the base of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading
- Never shorten or lengthen a crane lifting sling by knotting or twisting
- Never rest loads on the rigging sling
- Never pull a rigging sling from under a load when the load is resting on the sling
- Never drag crane slings on the floor or over abrasive surfaces
- Shock loading is never acceptable and can significantly damage your rigging sling
- Always avoid twisting and kinking
Tri-State Rigging Equipment is a custom manufacturer, service provider and distributor for all crane lifting slings serving clients from coast to coast, Canada, Mexico and especially focused in the states of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, Florida, and Oklahoma.


Any colored tungsten carbide ring other than its natural silver color is achieved through a process called ion plating. This is true for all tungsten jewelry in the world. Ion plating is a process by which a surface is bombarded with atomic sized energetic particles in a vacuum to deposit a hard coating of compound materials that results in a desirable color. The process is vastly superior to traditional "wet" plating methods (like electroplating) due to its increased bonding strength.
Ion plating, while more difficult to scratch than traditional gold or silver, is not as scratch resistant as the underlying tungsten. Plating can be damaged through contact with an abrasive surface or substance, chemicals, and hard surfaces (metal, wood, tile, etc). Plating can also be damaged by frequent exposure to hard water, or repeated contact with moderately hard surfaces such as a computer mouse or the inside of a glove.
For these reasons, we recommend removing plated tungsten rings before doing such activities as: handling metal objects, going to the gym, playing sports, entering water, and washing dishes or hands. We understand that this can seem like an inconvenience, but it is no different than wearing a traditional gold or silver ring. Rings such as these should be treated with attentive care.
If you are interested in a black band, we recommend looking into black ceramic as opposed to black tungsten. Ceramic is nearly just as strong a material as tungsten but the color is not plated so it does not have this issue. This is why you will see that many of the black rings that we offer are made from ceramic. Ceramic is also very lightweight compared to tungsten carbide.
In terms of hardness, tungsten carbide is rated at 9 on the Mohs scale while ceramic is 7 (diamond is a 10 and gold is 3 to give a sense of scale). Essentially what this means is that they are both very strong. Both rings can be cut in case of emergencies and hospitals will have the equipment to do so. Neither ring will fade, though the ion plating on black tungsten can be worn as we mentioned earlier. The hardness of the plating is 6, the same strength as titanium. Theoretically black tungsten can be replated and ceramic can be refinished, however we don’t have the equipment to do so and there is basically no need to do so, ever. Neither can be resized in the traditional sense, however we do offer a lifetime resizing guarantee if you ever do need a different size down the line. We also have a lifetime guarantee that covers almost everything except for normal wear and tear or intentional damage.
If there’s anything to be aware of, it’s that our warranty does not cover normal wear and tear, including scratches. While our rings are highly durable and scratch-resistant, they are not scratch-proof. Nothing is. Even a hard diamond can be cut. If you like some heft with your ring, you may want black tungsten. Both rings will be difficult to scratch, but black plated tungsten may show the silver tungsten underneath while black ceramic will just show black ceramic. Side by side, black tungsten will look slightly more black, while black ceramic will have a slightly dark gray tint to it just because it is more reflective.


As simple as it is, a prepreg is nothing but an insulation layer. Prepreg is a dielectric material that is sandwiched between two cores or between a core and a copper foil in a PCB, to provide the required insulation. You can call it a binding material as well. It either binds two cores or a core and a copper foil.
If you can imagine a hamburger, prepreg is the slice of cheese placed between the bread and the ham. The bread and ham can either be a core or a copper foil. Now I am sure I got your attention.
I would like to tell you something interesting about prepregs. Prepregs are special dielectric materials that can be modified to our needs. By the combination of certain additives and catalysts, under a chemical process, a specific section of a prepreg can be transformed into a conductive region. This is called selective conductivity. This phenomenon finds its purpose while drilling holes into the prepregs for connecting the top and the bottom layers. However, the rest of the part of the prepreg remains to be an insulator and protects the circuit board from short circuit which is its basic functionality.
Years of immense research and development have been undergone for the selection of the right prepreg material. Factors like thermal and mechanical compatibility of a material must be considered to accommodate the PCB requirements.
How are prepregs made?
Prepreg, as the name suggests, is a glass fibre weave/cloth impregnated with a resin bonding agent. The glass fibres are interwoven to form a glass fabric. This glass fibre weave is partially dried to form a B-stage material. All prepregs are B-stage materials. During the manufacturing process of prepreg, it is important to follow the grain direction of the material being used since it allows the material to be modified as per requirement. The number of warp and fill counts determine the amount of resin the glass fabric can retain.
There are different types of prepregs that are incorporated in PCBs depending on the thickness and other requirements. Prepregs are available in Standard Resin (SR), Medium Resin (MR), and High Resin (HR) depending on the resin content they hold. The more resin content they hold, the more expensive they get. Here’s a table for your better understanding:
The difference between Prepreg and Core
People often get confused between prepregs and cores due to their similarities. Allow me to clarify it for you. The core is a product of prepreg and lamination. It is more rigid compared to the prepreg. The core is made up of a fiberglass-epoxy laminate which meets the FR4 (Flame Retardant) grade with copper on either side. The core is usually manufactured by a core manufacturer and the company is liable for any faults in the material that might hinder the operation of a PCB. Whereas prepregs, as described earlier, are also made of the same material like the core but are partially dried without lamination and aren’t rigid like the core. I hope this disposes of the ambiguity.
Now, the thickness of the PCB depends on the type of prepregs used. It must be noted that the required thickness can be achieved by a combination of prepreg plies. If you are wondering what plies are, they are nothing but thin sheets of prepregs placed on top of one another. This helps in achieving the desired thickness of the PCB.
Other than PCBs, prepregs find their applications in aerospace components, automotive parts, A/C ducting, machinery, tooling, honeycomb and foam panels, and many more.
In conclusion, prepregs are insulators that glue together cores and copper foils and assist in the manufacture of a robust PCB.
For more design information, check with our DESIGN SERVICE team.
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We are a highly acclaimed Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of Silica Based Fertilizers
in Pune. The Silica Based Fertilizers, offered by us, are unique organic liquid formulations containing organic silica based components. The Silica Based Fertilizers are known to help in strengthening the leaves and stems and providing resistance from disease and pests.
- Recommended For : All types of Plants
- Application : Use 1 Lit per acre or 100 liters of water
- Available In : Liquid and Solid form
- Packing : As per customer requirement