Cape of Good Hope Overnight Hike – A Coastal Trail at the Tip of Africa
Cape of Good Hope Overnight Hike – A Coastal Trail at the Tip of Africa
Updated on 04 January 2020
The Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve is formerly known as the Cape Point Nature Reserve. According to the official website, the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve has a rich and diverse history due largely to the search for a sea route to the East, around the tip of Africa.
“Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias was the first to round the Cape Peninsula in 1488. He named it the ‘Cape of Storms’, for the notoriously bad weather… A decade later, Vasco da Gama navigated the same route and sailed down the coast of Africa, successfully opening a new trading route for Europe with India and the Far East. King John II of Portugal later renamed it the ‘Cape of Good Hope’ because of the great optimism engendered by the opening of this new sea route to India and the East.”
How to get there
The Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve is located about 70 km from the city centre. There are really only two ways to get to the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. The first is to follow the Main Road (M4) through, Muizenberg, Kalk Bay, Fish Hoek and Simon’s Town. The second is to take the route over Oukaapseweg and through Sun Valley and then to join with the Main Road (M4) in Glencairn. There is the option to travel over Red Hill instead of travelling through the center of Simon’s Town, but that route is a bit isolated and a little less safe than the marginally slower option through Simon’s Town itself. Clickety click over here for a pin the entrance gate at the reserve. This is where you will do the last bit of admin, get the keys for the overnight hut, sort out your slack packing baggage and park your car before you start your hiking journey through this beautiful reserve.
Opening Times and contact information:
The opening times of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve for hiking, as on 01 January 2020, are:
|Monday – Sunday||06h00 – 18h00 [Oct – March]|
|Monday – Sunday||07h00 – 17h00 [Apr – Sept]|
|Standard Conservation Fee:||Adults: R320 Child: R160 [2-11 yrs]|
|SA Citizens (Discounted Rate)||Adults: R80 Child: R40 [2-11 yrs]|
|SADC Nationals||Adults: R160 Child: R80 [2-11 yrs]|
In order to qualify for the discounted rate, SA citizens will need to produce their SA ID cards or green ID book or SA driving license. For SADC Nationals you will need to produce your passport.
For general inquiries contact: +27 (0)21 7809010
Email: [email protected]
No dogs are allowed in the reserve or on any of the hiking trails.
Bookings and Costs for the Hike
The hike itself costs R400 per person.
The daily conservation fee is R80 per person per day (SA citizens) unless you have a Wild Card, then there is no fee. We actually decided to buy a Wild Card specifically for this hike. The first time we hiked this route, it would have cost us almost the same amount for the daily conservation fee for the both of us, as an entire year’s valid Wild Card. In 2019, they reduced the fees for SA Citizens so it’s slightly more affordable without a Wild Card. With the Wild Card we purchased, we have 1 year’s access to all parks in the country for R1 055. SANParks has different Wild Card packages which you can find here. Click this link to buy a Wild Card online.
Slack Packing Option
You can choose to do this hike as a slack-packing trail as well, which all of our group decided to do. The fee (as on 01 January 2020) for this hike is R235 for 6 bags/items or less per hut. Thereafter it is R107 per additional bag/item over and above 6 bags/items. They will transport two bags of charcoal for free. Wood fires are not permitted on the reserve and that includes at the overnight huts. The portage fee is payable, in cash, at the Security Office located on the extreme left as you enter at the Main Gate, before you start the hike. If you don’t have the cash, you have the option of paying with a card at the boom gate for the portage and the SANParks official will give you the cash to take to the security office. You will be issued with a receipt immediately or one will be brought to your hut.
On booking the hike, you will be emailed an information sheet for the hike. There is a specific section relating to portage, and which items are and are not permitted. We used two very large duffel bags and placed all of our loose items (sleeping bags, small cooler bags and other items) in them.
Bookings for the Cape of Good Hope Overnight Hike can be made through the Buffelsfontein Visitors Center. Visit their website for more information. We struggled to get hold of them on the phone so it would be better to email them – [email protected]
The contact number for the Buffelsfontein Visitors Center on their website is no longer working. You will need to contact the Tokai office on (021) 712 7471 to make a booking.
The number for the 24 hr control room, located at the main gate is (021) 780 9100 or you can call 086 110 6417. Please take note that the cell phone reception in the reserve is patchy.
Brief Overview of Fauna and Flora in the Reserve
According to the Cape Town Magazine website, the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve “is 7750 hectares of wild coves, shimmering tidal pools, fynbos-covered valleys and diverse flora and fauna. There are 250 different bird species that make the area home, 1100 indigenous plant species whose roots burrow deep into the soil, a broad assortment of animal life that ranges from the nearly extinct bontebok to the deadly Cape cobra…”
We saw a huge variety of fauna and flora on our hike, some of which we had never seen before (see the photos in The Nitty Gritty section of this post)
The Speedy Review [tl;dr]
Feel like a 2 day hiking getaway without having to travel too far out of the city? Then the Cape of Good Hope Overnight Trail is for you.
The terrain is fairly easy and mostly flat, however the distances each day are quite long. You will need to be relatively fit to be able to enjoy this hike, as there are some tricky sections, and Day 2 has long stretches of the trail where you walk on beach sand which can get very tiring if your legs are not used to it. The wind and heat are important factors to consider when you book this hike, make sure you pick a time of year where the weather is going to be conducive to hiking long distances. There is very little shelter on both days, so you will be exposed to the sun, wind and rain for most of the day.
The overnight hut provides an extremely comfortable overnight resting spot, with a gas geyser for hot showers, comfortable beds and a well-equipped kitchen and braai area. The views are magnificent, and you can watch the sun-rise and sun-set from the comfort of your top-bunk or chair. There are 3 overnight huts that each sleep 6 people (Protea, Restio and Erica Huts)
This hike is well worth the fee, and a group of between 6 -12 people is recommended.
You have the option of doing either of the days first. Both times we have hiked this trail, we hiked the shorter day first (14km) and the longer day on Day 2 (20km). This leaves a relatively lengthy uphill/downhill for the end of the second day. You can, however, do the route the other way around. Our recommendation would be to look at the weather predictions and wind speeds for the days you plan on hiking this trail, and decide from there which day you will complete first.
If you are pressed for time and would prefer to watch a short video of the hike, have a look below:
Nina rated this trail 0/5 paw prints, because there are no dogs allowed in the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve. She spent the night with her grandparents instead, and was spoiled rotten (as usual)
The Nitty Gritty
We first hiked this route on Boxing Day in 2017. We were invited by our cousins, and some family friends also joined us. We made up a hiking party of 12 which is a really good number for a hiking party. It’s not too small to warrant concern for safety on the trail and not too large that there is a danger of losing someone along the way.
We did this hike again on 31 December 2019 – 01 January 2020 with a smaller group of 6 hikers.
Unlike other hikes we have done in the past where it is ‘every person for themselves’ in terms of food, our cousin very cleverly organised that each person in the group brought something specific. This ensured there were no duplicates, but we had ALL the food we needed (and then some). It was delicious and a really good way to spread the load. We will definitely consider doing this in future for similar hikes. The second time we hiked this, we gave some guidelines to the hiking party on what food to bring, but each person sorted themself for catering.
This trail offers the option to slack pack on both days. The Reserve allows a limited amount of baggage to be transported to the overnight hut ahead of you and will bring the bags back to the start at the main entrance gate. I had mixed feelings about slack packing, but have grown more fond of the concept the older I get. They will drop off your bags at the overnight hut at about 09h00 on the first day and collect them from the hut around the same time the next day and return them to the main gate.
The first time that I did this hike, I chose to carry all my supplies and equipment with me, but handed over the communal food to be transported by vehicle to the overnight hut. Belinda chose to hand over her pillow and some warm clothes, but carried everything else, including 3 litres of water in her hydration bladder. Those 3 litres of water were key to staying the course late on Day 2 of the hike. When I look back on this hike, the limited slack pack option worked out well as far as the food was concerned, because each item was purchased in bulk to feed all of us. It would have made little sense for me to carry 3 loaves of bread, a brick of butter and a packet of marshmallows in my bag to feed me for two days (also…. carbs!). The second time we hiked this trail, we filled a large duffel bag with our sleeping bags, pillows, extra clothes and other smaller items that we would only need at the hut. It made the trail more enjoyable, having only a small amount in our day packs.
We began hiking at 07h45 from the main entrance gate and headed straight up the tar road. About 10 minutes and 715 m later, we turned left on to a marked trail that led us into a gravel parking lot. The trail continued on the other side of the parking lot.
On the second occasion of doing this hike (Dec 2019/Jan 2020), we left a little earlier at 07h20 which was better and we walked along the tar road until we reached the gravel parking area on the left and then turned off and followed the trail. It felt a lot easier doing it that way.
The trail took us up an increasingly steep incline with views of the rocky peninsula below us to our left. At 08h49, the trail started to turn towards the right and across a saddle towards Kanonkop. The distance covered to that point was 2.75 km with an altitude of 251 m and a moving time of 50 minutes. That was the first time that the overnight huts come into view on the trail. They were still very far away, but we then had a visual image of our overnight spot.
At 09h00, we stopped for a short break in the company of a few large boulders. We had covered a distance of 3 km which had taken us about an hour and a half to hike. At 09h10, we crossed another saddle and walked along a rocky outcrop. The wind was very strong at that point which made a few of us a little nervous about walking so close to the edge. Fortunately it was an onshore South Easterly and the worst case scenario would be that one of us would take off and land further inland in a thorny thicket. We had to hold onto our hats in the strong wind (losing them a few times along the way) and eventually opted for a buff to protect us from the sun as it was more steadfast in the wind.
The second time we did this hike, the wind was also strong and gusting, but we were grateful to have it as the temperatures were high throughout the hike.
At 09h45, we stopped for another break with Kanonkop standing tall ahead of us. By that time, we had covered a distance of 4.3 km with a moving time of 01h30m.
At 10h32, we stopped again for a break at an old cannon. The old cannon is about 6 km into the hike, and at the pace we were walking, takes about 02h45m to reach (including breaks) [Elevation 234 m]. We encountered a very curious lizard there who didn’t mind getting its picture being taken. At 10h45, we headed off on the trail again into the very strong wind.
At about 11h20, the trail started to move away from the coast and head inland toward the Buffelsfontein Visitor’s Center [8.2 km]. At that point, we had a clear view of the Da Gama Cross.
At 11h23, we crossed over the tar road leading to Bordjiesdrif. This is a lovely swimming and braaing spot in the reserve. The trail was marked on the tar surface with yellow painted shoe prints going in the opposite direction. At 11h30, we crossed over a wooden bridge which signaled our arrival at the Buffelsfontein Visitor’s Center. The distance to that point was 9.1 km with a moving time of 02h50m.
There is no water on the trail so the Buffelsfontein Visitor’s Center is not only a good place for a break, but it is also an opportunity to fill up your water bottles. A few of our hiking party took advantage of the *small coffee shop to order coffee, cold drinks and sandwiches. There is also an interesting exhibition room and museum that has displays of the local fauna and flora. The toilet facilities were top notch and clean. Belinda and I took advantage of the shade and closed our eyes for a few minutes.
*Sadly when we did the hike for the second time, we learned that the small coffee shop had closed down and there were no longer refreshments offered at the Visitors’ Centre. We all felt that SANParks is missing out on an opportunity not only to draw more people to the Visitors’ Centre by having a coffee shop, but also it would keep them there for longer so that they could really experience the interesting displays that the Visitors’ Centre has to offer. One example is a display on the SS Thomas T. Tucker, a Liberty ship that ran aground in the reserve. The wreck is still visible today and forms the focal point of the Shipwreck Trail. You can read more about the Shipwreck Trail here.
At 12h27, we started off on the trail again which continued on the other side of the Buffelsfontein Visitor’s Center parking lot. Not too long after we followed the path from the Visitor’s Center, we encountered the Buffelsfontein baboon troop coming towards us on the path. Our cousin used to track and observe this baboon troop during her tertiary studies and had already given us a rundown of how we should behave if we were to encounter a baboon troop. The most important of these guidelines was that we had to step out of the path of the baboons and not to make direct eye contact with any of them. All food items, cameras, and phones had to be packed away and we all had to try our best not to be worthy of closer inspection by any of the baboons. Basically look away and be boring. I surprised myself by how easily I could do that.
All seemed to go smoothly and the alpha male was about to pass by all of us when a baby baboon started shrieking. It appeared that either someone wasn’t following the baboon guidelines or the baby was bored and wanted to see what would happen if it stirred things up a bit. None of us were anywhere near the baby baboon, but the alpha male decided that we had something to do with the baby’s apparent distress and charged at two of our hiking party. Lindsay said it was a mock charge, but I am not sure the two hikers thought they were being mocked. Perhaps I misunderstood the meaning of the word. Luckily both hikers remained calm and stood their ground and the alpha male turned and followed his troop past the rest of us. That was until he decided to climb a tree right behind Belinda and begin a 15-minute inspection of her backpack and personal belongings while we all did our best mannequin challenge poses. I managed to take a photo of Belinda behind me while I was still facing forward. Belinda did well and kept calm and eventually, the alpha male moved off and we could continue with our hike physically unscathed.
[Photo credit to Adriaan for the contextualized ‘Baboon behind Belinda’ photo]
At 12h40, we crossed over another tar road and headed slightly to the right before entering the fynbos again [10.4 km]. We were descending nicely towards the sea, and the elevation at that point was 51 m.
At 14h00, the trail started to ascend toward the overnight huts. Five minutes later, we arrived at the Southern Right whale viewing spot. We spent a few minutes there, but there were no whales to speak of. I did manage to take a photo of a rather colourful Southern Rock Agama instead.
After leaving the Southern Right whale viewing site, we walked up a wooden staircase and into a parking lot. Following the yellow shoe prints across the tar, we ascended the last stretch of the trail toward the overnight huts.
We reached the overnight huts at 14h32 after covering a distance of 14.5 km. The total moving time for the day was 04h20m with a total hiking time of 06h45m. You can allocate between 6-7 hours for the 14km leg of this hike, and 7-8 hours for the 20km day, depending which way round you do it.
The Overnight Hut
When you get the keys for the overnight hut before starting the hike, you will know which hut you will be sleeping in. Erica hut is hut furthest to the right, and is separate from the others. You will need to look for the signboards for the hut you have been allocated.
The overnight hut is a brick building that is divided into two sleeping quarters called Restio and Protea. Each sleeping quarters had 3 double bunk beds. There is an ablution facility on the extreme left and a kitchen and eating area on the extreme right, next to the outdoor braai. The hut is in good condition and the mattresses were comfortable. The kitchen is fully kitted out, so you don’t need to bring any cutlery or crockery with you.
There are other buildings that are dotted around the overnight hut that are in varying degrees of disrepair. None appear to be in use. It seems such a shame that they are not being used to their full potential considering where they are situated in the Reserve. Perhaps SAN Parks could look into renovating them to increase the number of people that are able to do the overnight hike or to improve the overall hiking experience for the 12 – 18 hikers that can currently do the trail each day.
The hut is fitted with a solar lighting system which is set to switch on when it gets dark. There is also a gas-geyser, so you can have a very welcome hot shower once you have finished hiking for the day. Just remember to use water sparingly. There are instructions in the hut for using the lights and geyser.
The braai area is really nice, and easily fitted the 12 of us in a circle, where we chatted about the days’ adventures.
Here is an idea of the food we took with us (with thanks to Lindsay for organising such a tasty menu):
- Bag of potatoes, a dozen eggs, bottle of mayonnaise, 4L milk
- Lettuce, cucumber, tomatoes, feta
- 100g instant coffee, cheddar cheese
- Boerewors, pork bangers, 18 x hot dog rolls, 1L plain yoghurt
- 18 x chicken kebabs, 2 x bags of apples, naartjies & bananas
- Tea, sugar, salt, 1 bag marshmallows, kebab sticks, butter, 3 x loaves of bread
We each carried our own lunch for the first day, and then used left-overs from the braai to make sandwiches and some snacks for lunch on Day 2.
The views from the hut are spectacular. Be sure to watch the sunset, you won’t be sorry.
Protea & Restio Huts
On the second occasion that we did this hike, we were only a group of 6 hikers. We were assigned to Erica which is the hut on the extreme right, on its own somewhat. Here is a look at how it is put together:
Just above the Erica Hut are the remains of an observation post built in the days before South Africa’s secretive coastal radar station was up and running during WW2. They were apparently built strong enough to survive bombardment from enemy ships, long enough to alert friendly forces to repel the attack. Do yourself a favour and go and have a look at it. It still has most of its defensive battlements.
We began hiking the next day at 08h25. The official website recommends that hikers leave the overnight hut before 09h00 in order to be able to complete the 20.5 km before dark. We retraced our steps to the tar road, turned left [385 m] and headed down toward the main thoroughfare through the Reserve.
At 08h40, we walked around a wooden boom gate and crossed the tar road and into the fynbos on the other side [785 m]. It only took us 15 minutes to reach that point. A Cape Sugar bird paid us a visit while I waited for Belinda to take off a few layers. It was forecast to be a fairly mild day, but it was already hot that time of the morning. This was the first bird I had seen on the trail since we started the hike the previous morning. We got to see an Eland not too far from the path on our right hand side. A tourist minibus stopped as well and reversed toward the Eland for a closer look.
At 08h57, we walked across another tar road marked by the number 7 trail marker [1.8 km]. We spotted two ostriches to our left. The female was standing just off the tar road and the male was lying down in the fynbos.
At 09h23, we reached a brick building adjacent to a parking lot. It turned out to be an ablution block and it was open. Some of the group were opposed to looking this gift horse in the mouth and popped inside to do the necessary. The rest of us walked around the right hand side of the block and headed across the parking lot to to a wooden staircase that led down to the beach. There was no signage indicating which way the trail went although it was assumed that it would be to the right. Half of our hiking party chose to turn immediately right and hike across the sand dunes, while the other half decided to walk straight across to the water line and then turn right. We followed the shore line for a short distance and then joined with a grassed path just a little further inland.
Those of us that went straight were spoiled by a rich and varied display of bird life perched on the rocks in the surf line. These later also included a female ostrich and her 4 youngsters. Higher up on the slopes of the hill to our right we got to see a herd of 5 Eland grazing.
This was also turning out to be a comprehensive baboon encounter filled hike. As we walked along the shoreline, we noticed a lone large male baboon on the path. He moved off and headed up the fynbos covered hill on our right-hand side and watched as we walked past. Our thinking was that he was making sure that the coast was clear so that he could bring the rest of his troop down for a swim. The path took us through a section of boulders which was made easier by a few kind souls who had lined the boulders on either side to show the way.
We continued walking a short distance from the high water mark and had to negotiate our way through a few bush tunnels. I had to bend my knees so much and crouch so far forward to get through these tunnels that my mind took me back to a previous Impi Challenge I did a couple of years back. There was a reason why I only did it once. It felt like I had run up a mountain without stopping after the unannounced obstacle course on the trail. I didn’t take a photo of them, but I did take a photo of the maze section through the bushes that followed immediately afterward.
A large portion of this part of the hike was good training for the Fish River Canyon hike which we are doing again in May this year. Lots of loose sand and rocks, very hot, dry and exposed.
At about 11h40, the trail began to dog-leg to the right and move away from the beach. The distance covered to that point was about 8.8 km with a moving time of 02h15m. The total hiking time to that point was 03h25m. A few minutes later, we came to a sign that indicated left to the shipwreck and right for the Overnight trail. We turned right and the terrain changed quite dramatically from what we had being seeing on the shoreline. It became much drier, but we still seemed to be walking on beach sand although darker in colour. We did spot a Bontebok and an Eland just off the path to our right-hand side quite soon after heading inland.
At 12h00, we decided to have a break for lunch. We found a good spot just off the path and out of the sun in a cluster of large boulders. It also happens to be just around the halfway mark, as by this stage we had walked 10km [Moving time – 02h30m; Total time – 03h45m; Elevation – 44m] Belinda and I enjoyed sandwiches with leftover chicken kebab and a loose pork sausage each, followed by a boiled egg and a thick slice of cheese. Now I can tell you that it was not easy getting up from that meal, but we were only around halfway and there was a lot of hiking still to be done.
At 13h10, we crossed over a private tar road after covering a distance of 12.0 km. It had taken us around 5 hours to reach that point with a moving time of 3 hours.
At 14h05, we came to a t-junction in the path [15 km]. The left path went to Olifantsbos, while the right directed us to the Main Gate. There was a dry salt pan or dam on our left-hand side with a lone eland standing in the middle of it. After turning right, we walked along a long and pencil straight path toward the Main gate and the two koppies [small hills] between us and the end of the trail. Johann, one of the hiking party, had warned us that there would be 2 ascents near the end of the hike, when we were tired and our legs were weary. They didn’t seem too high when we could see them in the distance, but hiking up them after nearly 20km in the heat was not as easy as we thought it would be.
At 14h45, we reached a gravel road and crossed over it [17 km]. At 14h50, we crossed a tar road at the base of the first koppie [17.3 km]. The elevation at that point was 81 m. At 15h36, we reached the trig beacon at the summit of the first koppie [268 m]. The distance covered to that point was 19.0 km and took a total of 07h20m. The elevation gain for that koppie was 187 m.
At 15h47, we reached the middle point between the two koppies [218 m] with a hiking distance of 19.4 km and total hiking time of 07h33m. We summited the second koppie at 16h00 [273 m]. The elevation gain for that koppie was 55 m with a total hiking distance of 20.0 km. The trail to the summit of the second koppie is not straight up – it is more of a terraced and winding trail so there are some flat sections for you to rest your legs.
At 16h20, we arrived back at the main entrance gate after hiking a total distance of 20.8 km which took us a smidgen over 8 hours to complete. Although the distance on day 2 was slightly longer than the average overnight hike, it was doable due to the relatively level terrain. The two koppies at the end were just a reminder to us all that a hike is never over until it is.
We collected our ported items from the office at the main entrance, said our good-byes and made our way home for a hot shower, and cuddle with Nina and a good night’s rest in our own bed.
The Cape of Good Hope Overnight Hiking Trail is very well signposted on the first day. The same cannot be said for the second day, but if you keep your wits about you and follow the path it is not easy to get lost. We walked the trail in a roughly clockwise direction as advised by the Reserve staff, but for some reason the trail signage directed us in the opposite direction. We kept having to look behind us to see what the signs said. This is not an uncommon feature of South African National Parks signage so it didn’t bother us too much. A quick tut tut and a chuckle under our breath and it became a non-issue.
Here are the hiking stats for this overnight trail:
|Trip Odometer||14.5 km|
|Moving Average||3.3 km/h|
|Overall Average||2.2 km/h|
|Max Speed||9.8 km/h|
|Trip Odometer||20.8 km|
|Moving Average||3.7 km/h|
|Overall Average||2.6 km/h|
|Max Speed||9.3 km/h|
I have attached a GPS trip log for the hike. You can click on the images to enlarge them.


I quickly coded a small utility for Ableton Live that allows mapping of controller buttons / keyboard keys to increment / decrement tempo. There are other ways to achieve this (e.g. https://www.ableton.com/en/articles/tempo-mapping-buttons/), however for those with M4L this seems easier and more flexible. It’s obviously not very generic, but can easily be modified to increment / decrement other live parameters in a similar way. Just drop it on an empty MIDI track and map the two buttons.
Download it for free here: http://www.maxforlive.com/library/device/2986/rmx-tempo-adjust


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AfriTris is sold through RegNow at the low price of $12.95. After you purchase AfriTris, you can download it immediately from the secure RegNow server. You don't have to wait at all!
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The first of the main PCBs has now been soldered up and is ready for testing. This is happening a lot later than we’d have liked due to supply chain issues. However, the initial testing of the power supplies seems to be positive.
Category Archives: Technology
First custom designed sensor
This project has required the design and development of several custom sensors. This is the first one to have been built. It uses 5 one-wire temperature sensors attached to an AVR. The AVR then runs code to interface with the sensors. In order to connect to the main sensor node the AVR uses RS-485. This means that it can be away from the main node, and because of the multi-drop nature of RS-485 multiple such devices could be attached. The other sensor nodes also interface using RS-485 so each node could have different types of remote sensor attached.
CC1120 Contiki port
The first batch of PCBs to be used in the project have been created. These boards will take a 12V input and give a 5V 2A output. These will be useful for powering devices in the first tests that are carried out. There are a few more boards on the way including 5V 250mA boards, which will also be used for testing and powering external peripherals.
Range testing 868MHz radio links
I just did a quick range test with the CC1120 transceivers (our favourite for range):
at 2.2km it is easy to link even with omni antennas (-99dB) but a yagi was excellent (-89dB).
At 3.3km (not in good line of sight and grazing wet ground) Yagi to omni was starting to loose packets (-106dB) and yagi to panel antenna was not much better but still communicating. This bodes well for a low power 868MHz network over the whole field site including our 3km link up from the valley.
This was at 50kbit/s using the CC1120DK TI test boards.
big round Omni was 4dBi gain
Yagi tested was 9 dBi gain
Panel was 7dBi gain


What are the basic traits of this popular game of chance? Can you increase your chances of winning? Won’t that take away the appeal of the game? Don’t go anywhere, we have the answers!
Ever since the game was established back in the 17th century, it has spread far and wide, attracting many loyal players. Today, Roulette is a fan favorite among the beginners as well as the many high-rollers, which is proof of its appeal. When you first approach the Roulette table, you should know the layout, which is quite easy to master.
Basically, you have numbers ranging from 1 to 36 written in two colors—red and black—and a 0 (or both a 0 and a 00) that represents the house edge which decreases your chances of landing that win. However, this should not discourage you; especially since every single game has to have some sort of edge. Otherwise, it wouldn’t be as fun to play. Besides, casinos have to make some money too, right?
Through the years, many players and experts have tried to create strategies that will help them win, but none of them are foolproof. However, keep in mind that the Random Number Generator makes sure that the game is fair. That is why we have studied some tips you can actually apply to make this casino game more enjoyable, so keep on reading!
Know the Edges
What is the main difference between the three most popular Roulette versions? The first thing you will notice is the difference in the layouts of the tables. Namely, the addition of a 0 in the European Roulette, as well as the 00 if you play the American Roulette, make it that more challenging.
Since the European version has only one 0, the house advantage is smaller than the American, so keep that in mind before sitting down at a table. In addition, the French Roulette has the lowest house edge among all the Roulette versions. Meaning, you will definitely be tempted to play it!
Roulette was actually created in France, where it quickly became a phenomenon and a favorite way to spend your downtime. Not only that, but this variation of the game gives you the lowest house edge of only 1.35%. In addition, there are some advantages you can apply to avoid a losing streak and win big! Those are known as “En Prison” and “La Partage”.
“En Prison” literally means “in prison” in French, and this option allows you to “imprison” your bet and transfer it to the next round, but only in the case that the wheel spins a zero. While “La Partage”, on the other hand, gives you half of your money back in the same case.
We can all agree that nothing beats that feeling of joy when you are sitting at a casino with other players who are as excited as you are, hopeful that the next round will bring a big win your way. What’s more, the flow of liquor and the smoke of cigars will make you feel like you are in a James Bond movie.
However, when playing Roulette, the online casino is the best way to go. Especially if you are a beginner, you can take advantage of the many casino bonuses and free spins that online Roulette has to offer. That way, not only will you improve your confidence, but you will also be able to understand the game a lot better.
Many casinos offer lucrative welcome bonuses which you can use, no strings attached! You will get lost in the many free spins, and it will be a good thing, too, since you don’t have to put in real money quite yet in order to use them. Just spin as you please and watch the magic happen.
In Roulette, there are many types of bets you can place. You can bet on the number alone, which is the most common option. There are no rules here, you can use whichever number you please — a birthday or an anniversary date, for example. By placing your chips on a certain field you are deciding on which spot you are placing your trust. In addition, you can change your mind and move the chips around the table until the croupier exclaims “No more bets”, which means he is about to drop the ball on the wheel.
Aside from betting on numbers, you can also bet on the color, which gives you a sweet 50/50 chance to win either but do not forget about the house edge, which is always applied. These bets are known as the inside bets.
The outside bets, on the other hand, are numerous — you can bet on rows, columns, odd or even numbers, too. Roulette gives you many options, and it is up to you which one you will try out first!
The More the Merrier
After you’ve been playing Roulette for a while, you will notice that you have much better chances of winning if you play on more numbers. That makes total sense, especially when you remember that betting on single numbers usually takes longer to win. Furthermore, this is the main reason casinos offer higher payouts for these types of bets. But after a few rounds have passed and you still haven’t won anything, you will realize that it is a lot better to switch to multiple number bets.
However, you should avoid making 5 number bets, since they have the worst odds in Roulette. To understand this better, know that the house edge here is up to 7.3%!
Know When to Call It a Day
When playing any casino game, you can easily get hooked once you start winning big, thinking that quitting at that point would be quite unreasonable. However, this is actually the best time to walk away from the table. Namely, it is normal to get encouraged by this, but keep in mind that just because you are on a winning streak, that doesn’t mean you can’t lose everything in the very next round. Casino games are unpredictable like that.
In addition, you should know how to manage your money wisely. Experts believe that the best approach here is to decide on the amount of money which you are prepared to spend in a night and leave your credit cards at home. This way, you won’t be tempted to run to the ATM every chance you get and drain your account in the process.
We understand how easy it is to get lost in a game, especially in one as fun and enjoyable as Roulette. You watch the wheel spin and decide your fortune, which is exciting and unpredictable and creates a rush like no other. Luckily, there are some tips you can apply to keep a clear head and stay in the game for longer. After you studied the edges, the odds and the layout, you will have enough confidence to actually start playing.


Welcome to Movie Rulz, your ultimate destination for movie reviews and explanations!
Based in India, Movie Rulz is dedicated to providing insightful and comprehensive reviews of the latest movies. We understand that cinema is not just a form of entertainment but also an art that can evoke emotions, provoke thoughts, and inspire discussions. Our goal is to help you make informed decisions about which movies to watch and provide you with a deeper understanding of the films you’ve already seen.
Our passionate team of movie enthusiasts and critics brings you in-depth analyses, plot summaries, character breakdowns, and thematic explorations of a wide range of films. Whether you’re a fan of Bollywood blockbusters, Hollywood hits, or world cinema, we have you covered.
At Movie Rulz, we believe that every movie has a story to tell and a message to convey. We go beyond the surface level and delve into the layers of storytelling, cinematography, acting, and direction to give you a comprehensive review that captures the essence of the film. Our aim is to help you appreciate the artistry and craftsmanship behind each movie and explore the themes and ideas they present.
In addition to reviews, we also provide detailed explanations of complex plotlines, ambiguous endings, and thought-provoking concepts. We understand that some movies can leave you with lingering questions, and we strive to unravel those mysteries and provide you with a deeper understanding of the film’s narrative and symbolism.
As a community-driven platform, we encourage readers to share their opinions and engage in discussions through comments and social media. We believe that diverse perspectives enrich the movie-watching experience, and we value your thoughts and insights.
So whether you’re a cinephile, a casual moviegoer, or someone looking to explore different genres and styles of filmmaking, Movie Rulz is your go-to source for movie reviews and explanations. Stay connected with us to stay updated on the latest releases, industry news, and exciting events.
Thank you for choosing Movie Rulz. We hope to accompany you on your cinematic journey and provide you with valuable insights and entertainment. Lights, camera, action!


Crystal Picnic is a lighthearted and colourful tribute to the classic era of action RPGs! Join a sarcastic gardener and a wannabe knight as they journey across the kingdom chasing after ants who stole magic crystals from the castle. Oh, and did we mention the ants have gone mad because they're EATING those crystals? Yeah, that makes things much more unpredictable! Hours of exploration, mesmerizing platform-style combat, plenty of new friends to meet and loads of wacky enemies to encounter. When you fight chubby birds and ants carrying bazookas, you know you're in for a good time!
Some cool features of the game are:
- Real-time battles
- Lots of RPG elements (equipment, stats, etc...)
- A humourous story in a unique setting
- Tidy pixel graphics
- A great soundtrack
- Small download size
Translated to English and German.
- Amazon Appstore
- Amazon PC
- Google Play
- iTunes App Store
- Mac App Store
- Linux 2.6, Mac OS X 10.6, Windows XP or higher
- DirectX 9 or recent OpenGL compatible GPU and drivers
- 1.6 GHz processor
- 1 GB of memory
- 50 MB of hard drive space
- 6 (or more) button gamepad with analog (optional)
Our files contain no malware or third-party software. We believe in ad-free, one-time purchase games.


This is the place where you can personalize your profile!
By moving, adding and personalizing widgets.
You can drag and drop to rearrange.
You can edit widgets to customize them.
The bottom has widgets you can add!
Some widgets you can only access when you get a premium membership.
Some widgets have options that are only available when you get a premium membership.
We've split the page into zones!
Certain widgets can only be added to certain zones.
"Why," you ask? Because we want profile pages to have freedom of customization, but also to have some consistency. This way, when anyone visits a deviant, they know they can always find the art in the top left, and personal info in the top right.
Don't forget, restraints can bring out the creativity in you!
Now go forth and astound us all with your devious profiles!
▲You don't have to thank me for llamas or favorites (Watches I don't mind) ▲Please don't advertise (Like telling me to check out your gallery) ▲Please try to be nice (I'm sensitive) ▲Don't ask me for points (I try my best to earn them to buy things from artists I love) ▲Don't use my art or characters as reference


Episode 5 of Landscape Digital Show reveals two mobile apps that make it easy to listen and subscribe to podcast shows on your mobile device. We also get into how and why to rate and review them too.
Podcasters upload audio podcast shows to hosts like Libsyn and Rainmaker, which are then syndicated to directories, including iTunes, Stitcher and Google Play Music. While you can listen to these podcast shows with their respective mobile apps, there are 3rd party apps with greater functionality.
Overcast and Pocket Cast are mobile players that enhance the overall experience of listening to podcast shows. Audio quality is enhanced, you have more control with playlists and favorites, and discovery and sharing are simplified.
If you enjoy a podcast show, taking a moment to provide feedback in the form of a rating and review helps the show get discovered on iTunes and other directories. It also builds a relationship with the host(s) and helps them develop more targeted content for your enjoyment.
The Show Notes
- Overcast Podcast Player
- Pocket Cast
- This Old New Business. Jeff Korhan interviews guest experts, including Mike Rorie, Marty Grunder, Jason Cupp and Ed LaFlamme.
Call to Action
Make a small investment in either the Overcast or Pocket Cast players to simplify subscribing and listening to podcasts.
And swing over Landscape Digital Show on iTunes and give us an honest rating and review. We’ll greatly appreciate it.


Shroom Die Cut Vinyl Sticker
Decorate your bullet journals, laptop, notebooks, planners, and water bottles with these cute cat waterproof vinyl stickers! This die cut sticker features a black cat named Moon and white cat named Oni!
✦ Die Cut Size: 2.5” x 2.3”
✦ Material: Premium Matte Vinyl Sticker Paper (Waterproof)
✦ Colors may vary from monitor to monitor. Physical product will not have watermarks.
✦ Follow Us on Instagram @moodycatsdesignco for information and sneaks on new releases!
✦ Please message us if you have any questions or concerns!
Thank you so much for stopping by, it means a lot to us! ♥


His accolades include having won the Winfield/Walnut Valley Festival’s National Flat Pick Guitar Contest three times; the New England Flat Picking Championship contest twice; Merlefest; Renofest; and the Wayne Henderson Guitar Contest. He is also the 2010 Minnesota State Flat Picking Champion and the 2005 Tennessee State Flat Picking Champion. Roy has toured nationally with the Forester Sisters, and regionally with Danny Shirley (of Confederate Railroad fame), and was featured as the cover story in the Nov/Dec 2004 edition of Flat Picking Guitar Magazine.
Roy Curry has graced such respected stages as The Grand Ole Opry and the Kennedy Center. He continues to be a force to reckon with in the flat picking world.
Roy’s CD “Flattop Specialist” has received favorable reviews from several highly respected guitar magazines.


Bury Dragons Diving Club has been serving the Bury community since 2010. We specialize in introducing children and young people to the sport of springboard diving, taking them to the first stage of National competition. We aim to be a friendly and caring club, where children of all ages can have a rich and rewarding experience. Our coaches are all well qualified, and take pride in keeping their knowledge and skills up to date, to provide the best coaching environment for the divers. We are Gold members of ClubBury, and are Swim21 accredited, which means that our coaching and the administration of the Club meet high standards set out by Bury Council and the ASA, the sport’s governing body.
Browse our Web site for more information about Bury Dragons Diving Club. If you have any questions or would like to speak with a Bury Dragons Diving Club representative regarding our activities, please e-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.org or call us at 0753 0867 034.
Watch out for changes to training schedules and payment schemes. We will be assessing and resquadding divers during the Summer.
It would be helpful if you could let us know on Team app if you are coming to the sessions. If you have not already done so, please sign up for this app - it is easy to do, and can be accessed on a smart phone, tablet or computer. The app will give details of all forthcoming events, any changes to published schedules, information to help improve your performance, club documents and more. Some training opportunities will only be posted on Team App, so if you do not sign up, you will miss out. Best of all, it is FREE.


In her 40+ years of dollmaking, Dianna accumulated an extensive collection of dolls. Some one-of-a-kinds, some samples, some limited editions, all of them works of art and tributes to the work that she loved. We will begin offering the dolls from this private collection for auction in September 2021. The auctions will be held on this site (not eBay). Please join our mailing list to be kept up to date on the auctions and see which dolls are up for bid next!
The date is approaching fast and we’re making preparations. Don’t miss out!
Sign up to be the first to know when the auctions begin!


Make Me a Maker is a new Brimmer ID program that makes innovation and design accessible to the entire community – students, faculty, and staff – with no experience necessary. Three levels of self-guided directions, ranging from beginner to expert, lead participants through an innovative project that they will fabricate in the Maker Space. Projects will rotate throughout the year to explore a variety of Maker Space tools and equipment. The program kicks off with a laser cut earring project. Come to the Maker Space to pick up your own set of directions, so you too can become a maker!


One does not simply walk into Mount Tongariro National Park. Not on Thursday December 6, 2012, anyway. (While allegedly summer, New Zealand hasn’t really mastered the whole good weather thing.)
Rachel, her father Mark, and I rolled into Tongariro National Park—the original national park in New Zealand and one of the few places that UNESCO has acknowledged as of cultural worth and possessing natural beauty. We had kilos of scroggin, spiffy new raincoats, and tents strapped to our packs. We were ready to see an area that has three active volcanic mountains, crazy colored lakes, and lots of old-growth forests.
Tongariro had snow down to 1500 meters, rainstorms, rolling fog blackouts, and gale-force winds. Counterpoint.
The workers at DOC were pretty amused that we were even considering going up. “Even if you didn’t get blown off, you wouldn’t see anything.,” one of them told us. Well snow camping isn’t that much fun anyway, and they were quite happy to refund our great walk booking fees.
This left us with a few days of dayhikes, hoping for the weather to break at least long enough to hike the Tongariro Crossing. Often called New Zealand’s finest dayhike, it’s in an abbreviated version after recent eruptions have closed off the latter part of the walk. It now exists in out-and-back form.
Some research in the Doc hut led us to the Tama lakes for our day 1 hike. This was the way we would have gone anyway, only it was without packs now. It was a pretty hike, with the trademark NZ tussocks. The lower lake was quite pretty, but the climb to the upper involved some intense winds—70 or 80 k/hour. We were so exposed and just hoping not to get blown off as we climbed up.
At least we reached the top. The upper lake was, arguably, even better. The wind blew and it became clear that Mount Ngauruhoe (aka Mt.Doom in the LOTR movies) was hanging out right behind us. The wind died on the way back and, all said and done, we had a solid 6 hours of hiking in.
The second day saw even worse weather. We drove (Mark had a car!) to a few trailheads. Everywhere it was the same: sleeting snain (a nefarious snow-rain mix), winds, and no visibility. At one point, high up the mountain, the wind blew hard enough that we couldn’t even open the car doors against it.
In addition to having a car, Mark had an encyclopedic knowledge of weather. (He works in weather.) “I reckon we just have to drive to another side of the mountain.” We did, and while it wasn’t exactly high summer, the weather was much better. On the way, we passed through the town of Ohakune, famous for its big carrot.
We hiked into a hut on the Around the Mountain Circuit. It had plenty of firewood and we ended up having the entire place to ourselves. While we were somewhat wet from light rain and stream crossings, it began to snain heavily after we reached shelter. It was an afternoon of eating scroggin, chopping wood, reading the visitor’s book, eating more scroggin, and watching the weather pass us by.
The next day, Saturday, dawned bright and clear. Not only could we Ruapehu, suddenly lurking right behind us, but would see the long-lost brother, Mt.Taranaki. (Our views of Taranaki were far better than we’d had when we actually hiked it.) The hike back, in nice weather (and considerably less scroggin), was half-as-short as the day before.
It was 11 when we got back to the car. We’d been planning on trying the Tongariro Crossing the next day, when good weather was predicted. But it was so nice today. We already had a warmup hike under our belts. The consensus was easily reached, and we sped off back to the other side of the mountain.
We started later than most hikers, of course, but all of us were relatively fit and we passed loads of people. (Admittedly people in jeans and not wearing proper shoes, but still, we passed them.) Most of the hike in was flat, but then there was quite a steep section up to the first crater.
And then we were amongst it.
This area lives up to and even exceeds its lofty reputation. For at least two reasons, the views were breathtaking. Not only do words fail, but this is one area where pictures don’t really even do it justice. It’s just an amazing place. Of the three months we spent in New Zealand, this was the single-best thing we did.
Here’s a small video I made with some of the best moments.


The AES started out as a rental only system for hotel chains. Consumer interest in the console rose and thus SNK released the AES for home use on January 31st 1990. Debuting in the USA at $649, the console came with two joystick controllers and a choice of a game, either Baseball Stars Professional or NAM-1975. Unlike the Super NES and Genesis, home ports ran on the same code as the arcade games giving the player an authentic arcade experience.
Later on the system would be offered as a "Silver" package for $399 which contained one controller and no game. Games for the Neo Geo AES were priced at $200 and up. The high prices kept the AES out of the mainstream though a cult following remains to this day.
Using the popular Motorola 68000 clocked at 12 Mhz and a Zilog Z80A clocked at 4 Mhz, the AES had more power than other consoles from the time period. Although it was sometimes marketed as a 24 bit system, the Neo Geo AES is in reality a 16 bit system with an additional 8 bit processor. The AES featured 64KB RAM, 74KB VRAM, and 2KB Sound Memory.
The AES has a resolution of 320×224. It can display 4096 on-screen colors out of a palette of 65536, double the palette featured in the Super Nintendo.
Like the Neo-Geo MVS the AES ran on rom cartridges. The original spec allowed up to 330Mb of data to be stored on a cartridge but as programmers got more experience with the console the counts increased finally resulting in a 716Mb (89.6MB) cartridge.
Programming / Hacking details.
Since almost all game cartridges contain both arcade and home version code as well as both Japanese and English versions you want to exchange the bios in your unit with a universal bios where you can switch between modes and regions. It also allows cheats, jukebox functionality, pause, soft reset and a few other useful features. The Unibios can be ordered from here. Keep in mind that the bios is a DIP that needs to be either desoldered or that you piggyback upon it.


Aissatou Beach Resort takes its design cues from the sun and the winds of Boracay’s favourite kiteboarding and windsurfing spot.The rooms and apartments provide guests with a view of the tropical garden, beach and the wonderful sunrises that can be witnessed on this side of Boracay.
Aissatou Beach Resort is a great place to stay for any traveller but is particularly ideal for those wanting to partake in Kite Boarding and Wind Surfing during their stay; with equipment storage facilities (fee payable at Front Desk), Equipment Hire and a shop stocking Core Kiteboarding, North Kiteboarding, and Cabrinha brands.
Aissatou also has a coffee shop serving refreshments from 8am to 6pm, offering a fresh, Western-style menu.
Strategically located right on the beach of Bulabog, Aissatou Beach Resort is the perfect resort for travellers looking to enjoy the surf, sun and sea.
Aissatou is located on Bulabog Beach, Boracay; the place to stay for all watersports enthusiasts.
Known as the Kiteboarding Mecca of Asia - Kiteboarders and windsurfers attest to its favorable winds, & water, as they race from one end of the beach to the other.
Aissatou Beach Resort is truly a boardriders' paradise whilst allowing travellers to feel the peaceful side of boracay during their stay here.
Hotel Address: Bulabog Beach, Malay
Boracay is accessible by air from Manila or Cebu to either Caticlan Airport in Malay Aklan or Kalibo Airport.
On arrival at Boracay's port (known as Cagban) you can take a trike or shuttle van to Aissatou Beach Resort, Balabag .
Alternatively, to ensure a smooth, hassle-free transfer from airport to resort you can book our assisted Airport Transfers:


Hello! The Texas Clay Festival has arrived, and I am not ready!
I had the best of intentions to participate, and I apologise that I just am not able to this year. When I said yes, it was because this festival is so special to me. You all have supported my work for over 15 years and I love communing with my potter family at the end of each October.
This has been a year! I just completed the last of three back-to-back public art projects: The Past and Future of Harlingen Texas, Sustenance, and The Riparian Edge, and I just did not want to admit how depleted my reserves were. I am making pottery in the studio again, but it is at a slower pace. I am loving it, and can't wait to share it with you...it will just take a few more weeks!
In the meantime, I don't feel too bad, as there is so much great work available this weekend from all the other potters at The Texas Clay Festival!


Hang Lam, AuD
Dr. Hang Lam graduated with a AuD from UC San Diego/San Diego State University joint audiology program in 2014. She completed her audiology internship and remained on staff following graduation. She is experienced with working with all age groups and populations.
Dr. Lam is a member of the Academy of Doctors of Audiology, and the American Academy of Audiology. Hang speaks Vietnamese and enjoys hiking, camping, backpacking, snowboarding, archery, disc golf, cooking, acoustic guitar, arts and craft projects including jewelry making, painting, flower pressing and cross stitching.
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If you have a question or concern, simply complete this form and our staff will call you back for a friendly and helpful no-obligation conversation.


This is the only book that shows players how to earn cash by playing in satellites for big buy-in no limit hold‘em tournaments like the World Poker Tour, European Poker Tour and the World Series of Poker. Tucker, who has won 18 World Poker Tour main event seats in two years using this exact same method, shows how to survive until the top two places of a single-table sit-and-go and either win the valuable main event seat or negotiate a deal for a huge cash profit. Players learn how to play aggressively in the short-stacked supersatellites, more conservatively in the deeper-stacked satellites, and when and how to negotiate deals. Dozens of hand examples, table graphics, and clear explanations demonstrate how decision making is guided by the objective of playing heads-up.
Other products you might like:
Have you ever fantasized about playing poker for a living? If so, Professional Poker is your indispensable guide. You will learn poker odds and expert-level playing skills that form the foundation of a pro's playing abilities, along with career issues such as managing bankrolls, work hours, tournaments vs. cash games, travel, emotional control, paying taxes, getting staked, and online play.
It also addresses in detail many important questions that very few other poker books ever answer, such as:
* Do You Have What It Takes To Play For A Living?
* Should You Quit Your Day Job? * Should You Just Play Part Time Instead?
* How Much Money Can You Really Make?
* How Much Do You Need To Get Started? * What Do The Pros On TV Know That You Don't?
Professional Poker outlines each step you will take in your transition to the professional level, and, if you're already there, introduces skills and valuable advice that will empower you to always play your 'A" game.
Early Praise For Professional Poker:
"Most people think that in order to play poker professionally, you just need to be a great player. Mark Blade shows you how much more to it there really is. This is the best poker career guide ever written, and if you're thinking about playing poker for a living, please don't quit your day job until you've read Mark's book. "Professional Poker" is a must read for anyone considering poker as a career." Lou Krieger – Author of Poker For Dummies, Hold ‘em Excellence, and More Hold ‘em Excellence
"It is well-written, excellently organized, highly informative, very accurate, and a needed addition to poker literature." Bob Ciaffone - Author of Middle Limit Holdem Poker, Improve Your Poker, and Pot-Limit & No-Limit Poker
"I've written many popular poker books over the years and I've read over 400 more. Professional Poker by Mark Blade is the best book on the subject of poker ever written." Ken Warren – Author of The Big Book of Poker and Ken Warren Teaches Texas Hold ‘em
"A sobering and refreshingly frank examination of playing poker for a living. Anyone who has the romantic impulse to make professional gambling a career needs to read this book first -- and reread it for guidance when the chips are down and up."
Michael Konik – FoxSports Poker Commentator and Author of Telling Lies And Getting Paid
"If you're even considering making poker a career, the first hand to play is to buy this book." Greg Dinkin – Writer for Card Player Magazine & Author of The Poker MBA
The Theory of Poker by David Sklansky discusses theories and concepts applicable to nearly every variation of the game, including five-card draw (high), seven-card stud, hold ’em, lowball draw, and razz (seven-card lowball stud). This book introduces you to the Fundamental Theorem of Poker, its implications, and how it should affect your play. Other chapters discuss the value of deception, bluffing, raising, the slow-play, the value of position, psychology, heads-up play, game theory, implied odds, the free card, and semibluffing.
Many of today’s top poker players will tell you that this is the book that really made a difference in their play. That is, these are the ideas that separate the experts from the typical players. Those who read and study this book will literally leave behind those who don’t, and most serious players wear the covers off their copies. This is the best book ever written on poker.
Filed Under: Texas Holdem Strategy Books


Aeron Chair Lumbar Support Pad - Black Size C
This lumbar support kit is available in 3 sizes (A, B, or C) of the classic Aeron Chair, Aeron Stool, and Aeron Side Chair. When installed properly, the lumbar support pad adjusts vertically to provide back support over a four-inch range, supporting the natural curve of your midback, or lumbar region. The pad can be positioned with a thinner or thicker side facing you to vary the level of support provided. This lumbar support kit increases the immediate comfort of the chair for those who like to recline as they sit.
To find the size of any Aeron chair or stool, stand behind the chair and feel for the raised dots under the top edge of the back frame. One dot is the A (small) size, two dots in a row is the B (medium) size, and three dots in a triangle is the C (large) size.


large sewing/darning needle
KFB: Knit into front and back of stitch — to make 2 stitches where there was 1. (Also known as increase)
K2Tog: Knit 2 stitches together (decrease)
P2Tog: Purl 2 stitches together (decrease)
BO: Bind/cast off
These little homes are made by knitting 2 house shapes then sewing them together. Here's how to make a house shape:
In roof colour (yellow - or your choice!) cast on 2 stitches. Leave a long tail (for sewing houses together or for hanging tag).
Row 1: KFB (increase). Knit to last stitch, KFB (increase).
Row 2: Purl.
Repeat these 2 rows until there are 12 stitches (10 rows total).
Row 11: In house colour (turquoise - or your choice!) knit all 12 stitches.
Row 12: (Continuing in house colour until the end.) Purl all 12 stitches.
Row 13: Knit.
Row 14: Purl.
Row 15: Knit.
Row 16: Purl.
Row 17: Knit.
Row 18: Purl.
Row 19: Knit.
Row 20: Purl.
Row 21 : BO 12. Bind/cast off all 12 stitches (in a knit BO).
Repeat to make the second house.
SEWING THE HOUSES:
Sew windows and door on one house (optional).
Sew a C (for Yes on Prop C!) on the other house (optional).
Sew these two houses together along perimeter (right sides facing out) all the way around.
For a plump home: Before you complete sewing the houses together, stuff home with filling then sew the gap closed.
The long threads can be used to hang the home (from a tree or fence or bulletin board!) and attach the Yes on Prop C tag.


The Pittsburgh Predator's Jungle
|The Jungle is the Indoor Hitting and Pitching facility of the Pittsburgh Predators. Our pitchers are able to Pitch indoors on actual infield mix year round ! Softball pitchers know just how different it is to pitch on a gym floor or on artificial turf compared to dirt.
The Jungle also has numerous hitting stations along with its batting cage.
Our dedicated coaches work to prepare players for the next level by developing mechanics, mental approach, physical fitness, and overall knowledge of the game. The Pittsburgh Predators philosophy is to develop each individual player to play at their maximum potential by teaching the highest levels of play in fundamental softball and the value of quality repetition. Softball is a unique game in that it is an "individual sport with a team concept". Every player progresses at a different rate and every player, no matter what their talent level, will take an amount of time to make the adjustments necessary for success. This is why we believe in our investment in the Jungle. "Our success is only measured by our players success"
© 2008 - Pittsburgh Predators Softball. All Rights Reserved.


Hi Jürgen. To test an Xcode 8 / iOS 10 build on the iPhone X simulator you need to follow these steps:
- build the app on Xcode 8 (obviously!)
- find the .app file that it produced. The simplest way to do that is to expand the ‘Products’ folder in the Xcode project navigator, right click and choose ‘Show in Finder’. Copy the .app file somewhere safe (e.g. the Desktop)
- quit Xcode 8 and, if it is running, the Xcode 8 simulator
- launch Xcode 9 and run any app to open the iPhone X simulator (you can probably manually launch the simulator, but it’s quickest to just run an app and have Xcode do it for you)
- drag and drop the .app file from your desktop to the simulator to install it. You might need to be on the home screen, I can’t remember
- then you can just run the app by tapping the icon on the home screen
You won’t be able to debug the app, but you will be able to run apps built with Xcode 8 on the Xcode 9 / iOS 11 simulators this way.


Welcome to Chester @ stock308.com
Free Image Archive of Chester and Professional High Res Image CD to Buy
Chester @ stock308.com is a new online stock photography archive dedicated to images of Chester. It provides two levels of service. The first being a totally free archive of low resolution images of Chester, which can be freely downloaded and used for non-commercial and private uses. If you need higher resultion copies of the images in the free archive, the entire archive of over 200 high resolution is available to buy on CD for one low price of £30 including VAT. For more details on the CD, please Click Here.
How to use the FREE Chester Image Archive.
The left hand menu of this site lists the title of each of the Chester photos available in the archive. To see any image, simply use the left hand menu to navigate to it and you will be taken to a page which displays the FREE photo, together with a breif description of the subject matter.
To download the image, simply right click on the image and use the Save As... option to save the photo to your own PC. Once you have downloaded it, you can use it how you wish, for all non-commercial uses. Possible examples of uses include...
- Inclusion on your own website.
- Inclusion on your own emails.
- Inclusion in your own Word, Powerpoint, Excel and other similar documents.
- Inclusion in your own printed documents.
The FREE images of Chester, however cannot be used for any commercial purposes, these include...
- Use within commercial websites, documents, emails or printed materials.
- Sale of images in any form.
- Inclusion of images in any other archive, whether free or not.
However, if you do need these images of Chester in higher resolution formats or for commercial uses, all is not lost. The entire archive of over 200 images (600Mb+) is available to by on one CD for the low price of £30 including VAT. If you would like to purchase the CD, please Click Here for more details on our Chester photo archive CD.


Facebook just recently announced that they would be releasing Instant Games on their platform. This new initiative is called Facebook Instant Games and their name says it all. Instant games are an HTML5 gaming platform that allows users to play games on Messenger and in Facebook News Feed. What is so awesome is that there is no need for any downloads on the web or mobile phone.
This service is still in its beta testing with 17 games, including the infamous Pac-Man, Space Invaders, and Galaga. There will be a mix of legendary games with some new releases to satisfy every appetite.
These games will be released in 30 countries around the world, and the great news is that Instant Games will be available in Canada and the United States first. The main concept is to allow the users to play games within Messenger and be able to easily challenge your Facebook friends to beat your score. Brilliant, isn’t it? Facebook Instant Gaming will allow more engagements and encourage their user base to spend more time in the Facebook ecosystem. Facebook Instant Messenger has over 1 billion users a month, and the integration with Instant Game will just increase, if not explode this number.
So how are these games played? The Facebook Messenger app once updated will have a game controller icon under the box where you type new messages. Click on the icon, and choose a game that you want to play. After you finish, your friends in that conversation will see your score and can challenge you back. Facebook says people will also be able to discover games in the Messenger search field, or in the Facebook News Feed where they can play solo as well.
Adding games to Messenger is not new to Facebook. In March, they added a basketball game and then a soccer game in June. More than 1.3 billion basketball games and over 250 million soccer games have been played since then. “Instant Games” will definitely ensure that Facebook continues to dominate the messenger market and will allow them to enter the gaming world. For all the gaming lovers and PAC MAN fanatics, the fun is just getting started. Bring on the game. For us, we will be Invading the Galaxy!


If you own a heavy truck in Minnesota, you know how crucial it is to keep it in top shape. Whether you use your truck for work or personal use, finding high-quality truck parts is essential to ensure its longevity and optimal performance. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of finding the best heavy truck parts in MN without breaking the bank. So, let’s get started!
Researching Different Parts
Before you start your search for heavy truck parts in MN, it’s important to understand the specific parts you need. From engine components to suspension parts and everything in between, be sure to have a clear idea of the items you require. This will not only save you time but also help you find the right parts more efficiently.
Utilizing Online Platforms
The internet has revolutionized the way we shop for truck parts. With just a few clicks, we can now explore a vast array of options and compare prices effortlessly. So, take advantage of online platforms. Look for reputable websites that specialize in heavy truck parts in MN. These platforms often offer detailed descriptions, compatibility information, and customer reviews, giving you a better understanding of the products you’re interested in.
Reaching Out to Local Mechanics
Local mechanics can be a valuable resource when it comes to finding high-quality heavy truck parts in MN. They work closely with different suppliers and have firsthand knowledge of reliable sources. Visit a trusted mechanic in your area and inquire about where they source their parts from. They may even be able to recommend specific brands or suppliers known for their top-notch products.
Networking with Other Truck Owners
Joining online forums or social media groups dedicated to heavy truck enthusiasts can be a great way to connect with other truck owners in MN. These communities often share valuable insights and recommendations regarding the best places to purchase truck parts. By networking with others who have similar interests, you can tap into their experiences and gain valuable insights into finding reputable suppliers.
Visiting Local Junkyards
Junkyards may not be the first place you think of when it comes to finding high-quality heavy truck parts, but they can actually be a goldmine for affordable options. Many junkyards have a wide selection of used truck parts that are still in good condition. While it may take some time to browse through the inventory, you may come across the exact parts you need at a fraction of the cost.
Checking Out Local Auto Parts Stores
Don’t underestimate the power of local auto parts stores. These stores carry a wide range of truck parts and often have knowledgeable staff who can assist you in finding the right components for your heavy truck. By supporting these local businesses, you not only contribute to the local economy but also build relationships with experts who can offer future assistance.
Considering Online Auction Sites
Another option worth exploring is online auction sites. Some sellers offer new or gently used heavy truck parts at competitive prices. Make sure to check the seller’s reputation and read customer feedback before making a purchase. It’s also important to factor in shipping costs and delivery times when utilizing these sites.
Attending Truck Expos and Trade Shows
Truck expos and trade shows are great platforms to connect with industry professionals and explore a wide range of heavy truck parts in MN. These events often bring together leading suppliers and manufacturers who showcase their latest products. Attending such expos allows you to get hands-on experience with the parts, ask questions, and make informed decisions.
When it comes to finding high-quality heavy truck parts in MN, a proactive approach is key. By researching different parts, utilizing online platforms, reaching out to local mechanics and truck owners, visiting junkyards and auto parts stores, considering online auction sites, and attending truck expos and trade shows, you can enhance your chances of finding the perfect parts for your heavy truck while staying within your budget. So, start your search today and keep your truck running smoothly for years to come!


2013 Rule Book Changes
Below are some of the rule changes for 2013. All areas of change are highlighted in grey in the current rulebok.
NO CLIPS FOR NOVICES
• Perhaps one of the biggest rule changes for the new year is that Novice riders (of any age) will no longer be allowed to race with clipless pedals. This "no clips" rule is in place for ALL Novice riders regardless of what class they end up racing in (i.e. getting moved to Intermediate or competing in Mixed Open). Basically, if you are a Novice rider - you cannot use clips in competition. Period.
The simple fact is that too many riders are “clipping in” too early (because they see the faster riders clipped in) and are not able to acquire the bike-handling skills that they will need later in their BMX career. We’ve talked to trainers and coaches about how riders who clip in too early are not likely learning the basics, such as manualing (an essential component in BMX racing these days), due to fear of looping out while clipped in. When you also factor in the cost of clipless pedals and shoes, the perceived cost of being “competitive” could be turning off newcomers to BMX.
• Beginning in 2013, Novice riders will need 10 wins to advance to Intermediate (or Girl for females). Also, Intermediate riders will advance to Expert with 20 wins as an Intermediate. Any rider with 20-24 wins at the end of the 2012 season will be credited with 19 wins and will advance to Expert upon his next win. USA BMX will instruct their Track Operators to pay special attention to anyone “sandbagging” (trying to avoid getting that last win), so they can let us know to move those riders up to the next proficiency.
AGE CLASS RESTRUCTURING
• The kids racing cruisers just keep getting younger & younger. For 2013, we’ve responded by introducing the 7 & Under Cruiser class for those riders. Make no mistake, the numbers are there for these young kids racing cruisers and we expect this class to grow exponentially as well.
• The Girls class undergoes a slight change at single point races only by giving Girl riders (the female equivalent of an Expert) the choice to race against the Expert class of their age. This request MUST be done prior to sign-ups closing, as we don’t want these riders affecting the efficiency at which our tracks run their events.
• We also adjusted the older Girls classes to make them more competitive and break out the age groups per the request of the riders. Expect to see 15-16, 17-20, 21-25, 26-30 and 31 & Over Girls classes in 2013.
• Good news for Cruiser riders: USA BMX/BMX Canada will now allow Cruisers to compete in the Mixed Open and X-Open classes at nationals. If a rider is racing in the cruiser class and is also competing in the Novice or Intermediate class that day, he may choose to race his 24” bike in the Mixed Open class. If he is racing in the Expert class or only planning to race Cruiser & Open that day, he will be placed in the (Expert) Open class.


FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:
Do you do commission work?
Yes! I have a commission sign up tab right up there in my navigation where you can inquire about your custom painting. I am currently taking 2 commissions per month (depending on size!) and am currently booked out 6 months in advance.
I'd like to buy an original painting, how can I do that?
I update my original painting shop as often as I can via a painting release system, where I will release a series of paintings into the shop all at once. I may add a few random paintings here and there to my website that are not included in my "series" releases if I feel like gettin' a little loosey goosey in the studio and mixing things up, we will see! The best way to keep up with me is to follow me on Instagram at @brynnwcasey.art, where I post daily about new paintings and sometimes even flash sales! You can also sign up for my email list via the subscribers box on my home page.
Do you allow local pick-up for originals?
Of course! Email me, and we will coordinate a time for you to pick up your painting verses shipping it.
Do you work with designers, and offer designer discounts?
Yes! I offer discounts on prints and originals, and would love to meet you. Email me and lets talk!
I'd love to feature you on my blog, can you send me some images?
Of course! I love working with writers/bloggers. Please send me an email!
What is your return or exchange policy if I decide I don't want my artwork?
I do not allow returns or exchanges on prints or originals unless damaged during shipping. If you're concerned about color, please email me for more photos of the artwork if you'd like to see different photos. I'd be happy to send them! I only add photos that are honest to the artworks true color quality and try to be as accurate as possible. Please see my shipping/policies page for further details discussing this topic.


Our garden was overgrown, sad and not really a nice place to be. So we took advice from a few landscape companies, but their ideas didn’t work for us. Then we were recommended to Al and from our first meeting we knew his ideas were creative, exciting and unique. His eye catching designs are inspirational and he turns ordinary into extraordinary! We now have a fantastic place to entertain friends and to sit wonder at it’s beauty. Thanks for everything Al!
Sue & John P, Blaise Dell. September 2018
When I downsized to my new little house and garden, I had specific needs and wishes for both: mainly they had to be low-maintenance and aesthetically-pleasing because of my health restrictions and spending a lot of my days house-bound.
I had a few ideas and put them to a few landscapers, but was told that: it wouldn’t be possible to construct the garden on one level because of the slope of the land; it wouldn’t work to paint the red brick white; they couldn’t build a curved wall for the raised flowerbeds; and one insisted on a circular patch of grass in the middle, even though I had been adamant on having no grass to mow!
Then Al Smart came and looked at the space, listened to my ideas and needs and said: “We can turn this into something special”. And he did! As well as the curved raised flowerbed, he created both a round planter and a semi-circular planter made of Cor-ten weathered steel, a stunning trellised fence, wooden curved decking – that doesn’t become slippery in the rain! – and my seating area in the middle of the garden is on Cotswold shale, which looks like a pebble beach! The garden is completely flat, the brick walls are white, which makes the garden seem bigger, and there is not a blade of grass to mow!
Al was efficient, easy to communicate with, and everything was finished to a very high standard. Without his vision and design ideas and knowledge I would not have the stunning garden I now enjoy and which elicits a “wow” from all my family and friends who see it. Thank you, Al, I am hugely grateful to you and everyone who worked with you.
Christine T, Cheswick Village. May 2018
Building a new house was a chance to create my dream garden and Al his small team have given me exactly that. They have turned my sense of the effects I hoped for into beautiful lines, forms and textures, with meticulous imagination, professionalism and relentless hard work. We talked it through at every stage so that the whole process was a huge pleasure. I can’t thank him enough
Lindsey T, Bristol. March 2017
Al transformed our small Victorian garden. He carefully considered the different materials; their texture, colour, shape and size, and how they interact with each other, to create a beautiful space. Al’s craftsmanship was uncompromising in quality, as were the materials he sourced to work with. The garden feels more part of our home than it has ever done so. It is on three levels; each with a different purpose and interest, but seamlessly flowing into one another. The garden renovation met my high expectations but, as a professional, Al exceeded all expectations.
Leena O, Leamington Spa. March 2015
Al from Smart Landscape Design took our small, typically Victorian courtyard and created an oasis of contemporary and stylish design which has given an otherwise ordinary Victorian home the ‘wow’ factor. Using the very best materials and with an emphasis on craftsmanship they created a fabulous outdoor space perfect for entertaining. All our requests were catered for within what was an exacting brief. Al worked tirelessly to realise our dream of a modern, low maintenance and beautiful space, we couldn’t be happier. His work ethic, attention to detail and creative flare can be seen in every inch of the garden and we are more than happy to endorse their work.
Pip S, Leamington Spa. September 2013
I cannot praise Smart Landscape Design highly enough. From the very beginning I found Al Smart very approachable and straightforward; he listened to my ideas and was incredibly creative. I felt that we worked really collaboratively and I never felt pressured or rushed to make decisions. Their attention to detail was second to none – my back garden is on a slope and needed quite careful terracing. He worked incredibly hard. My garden is completely transformed and I am so proud! I would have absolutely no hesitation in recommending Smart Landscape Design, and I can’t wait to get them back to tackle my front garden!
Liz I, Leamington Spa. November 2010
Having never owned a garden before, we did not know where to start when we bought our first property in 2009. We could not have chosen a better person to help us out than Al at Smart Landscape Design. He really listened to what we wanted our garden to be and created a design that suited us, is sympathetic to the house, manageable (given our limited gardening knowledge and experience) and can evolve over time. It has been a joy to see the garden change and the design come to life. Al works very hard, is very professional and a good communicator; always talking through changes to the design and keeping us informed of the costs along the way. It has been great to work with someone whose standards and attention to detail match ours
Eve W, Wappenbury. May 2010
Having designed and delivered an excellent service to completely transform my garden I then approached Smart Landscape Design a few years later to come up with an idea for a ‘structure’ that would join parts of the garden/ provide a focal point from different viewpoints, as well as being viewed from above from my home office window .We did not want a solid structure because it is adjacent to a tree and we needed dappled shade/ sunlight. We also didn’t want something ‘off the peg’ ! He came up with an innovative, surprising but ideal design solution of stainless steel with a spiral/ spoke effect which is fantastic , greatly admired and fitted the brief. It is known as ‘Florence’ because I misremembered the snail’s name in Magic roundabout! Al took a great deal of trouble to source how it could be constructed at a reasonable price but with quality finish – he succeeded.
Gerry S, Wirksworth. February 2008


Comments submitted by some of our readers:
From Volume 2, Issue 4 of Pirene’s Fountain
- Lisel Mueller is magnificent. I was blown away by her poems. I had never read her before and am off to order her poetry book "Alive Together."
- Thank you for turning me on to Lisel Mueller's poetry. I just bought her book, thanks fully to your Showcase. "In Passing" just took my breath away . . . perhaps once I read the collection, I'll never get it back.
Thank you again,
Trish Lindsey Jaggers
- Your site is gorgeous--what a beautiful web publication, and with real depth of content.
- I was wrong. I thought the October issue was the best one yet, but when I read the new one, it astounded me. “Magnificent” is the only word that does it justice.
- As always, a unique and beautiful presentation and a great selection of poetry for us to enjoy. Nothing not to like in this your current offering of poets. Elegant and special in every way.
- I love many of the poems here. Thank you for introducing me to many new poets whose work just rocked my socks. I have some more reading to do now! I have wish listed some Kim Addonizio, for example. Other poets I will look for in magazines and chapbooks. I wish you continued success. Many thanks and bright moments to you!
Tameca L Coleman.
- Highly impressed with the overall look of this site. I would find it hard to pick out any particular part to praise without feeling that I am being unkind to the others.
- Loved the features and the richness of poetry presented in these pages. A place to delight in and get lost happily.
- You're true to your word, Pirene's Fountain. I like that you have unpublished poets alongside Pulitzer poets. It's great you find talent everywhere. Your journal is high class with substance and depth. And all this delivered in a stunning package!
- This is one special literary journal. Besides the exceptional poetry and articles, the website design is clean, sophisticated and easy to navigate. The artwork and interviews add to the overall reading experience. It's been a long time since I have been so impressed by a magazine.
The new issue is just beautiful. Kim Addonizio's work is stunning, as always. I love Ami Kaye's Papyrus/Pen diptych--it's the writing experience in a nutshell. I also enjoyed Alison Croggan's "Emily Bronte," Doug Sutton-Rampseck's "After That," and Steve Meador's wonderful stuff. Your journal fills a real need. We're very lucky that you provide it to us.
Bradley J. Stiles, Ph.D.
University of Illinois
- The issue of Pirene's Fountain is just stunning. Thank you again for making such a beautiful and extensive effort. It is just so impressive and I am most grateful.
- Nice job!
Joonho Pak of Joon Pens
- The issue is terrific. I'm glad to be in such good company.
- Beautiful issue. I'm proud to be included.
- I've read PF and it is excellent. There are some excellent poems on there by some wonderful poets. Thanks for giving us the privilege of reading it.
Wendy Anne Wilson
- Very much enjoying the current issue of Pirene's Fountain. Great to read some of your poetry also. Amanda Joy
- I'm so excited to be part of this anniversary issue. It's a wonderful mix of minds, I love it. Congrats on another wonderful issue! Big hugs from Ireland.
- I enjoyed the issue of PF. Your coverage of Lisel Mueller and the interview were very insightful and showed your deep appreciation for the poetic utterance.
Jeffrey Side, Editor of Argotist Online
- You're a Promise and a Delight.


How To Create A Drought Proof GardenBobtail Landscaping
For many home owners choosing plants for your garden is a daunting task at the best of times. In times of drought and water restrictions, it can be even more difficult. So let us help you with this guide for selecting your plants and creating your Perth garden.
What To Look For
There are some obvious first steps in when creating a low water garden that will flourish in our hot, dry Perth summers. Some steps might be less obvious. Let’s look at them.
- Choose native plants
- Choose hardy exotic plants
- Soil is important!
- Reduce your lawn
- Plant shade trees
- Pay attention to the sun
Choose Native Plants
We all know now that local plant species that originate from the Perth area require minimal water to thrive and are a good option in almost any climate. There are also many Australian native species that grow exceptionally well in the Perth climate. This means you have LOTS to choose from, including groundcovers, shrubs and trees to suit any requirement, including shaded spaces. Here’s a list of just some of beautiful natives that are readily available:
- Acacia cognata ‘Limelight’
- Adenanthos cuneatus ‘Coral Carpet’
- Adenanthos sericeus ‘Pencil Perfect Woolly Bush’
- Anigozanthos species ‘Kangaroo Paw’
- Banksia menziesii ‘Dwarf Firewood Banksia’
- Boronia megastima ‘Brown Boronia’
- Conostylis candicans ‘Grey Cottonhead’
- Dianella revoluta ‘Little Rev’
- Eucalyptus forrestiana ‘Fuchsia Gum’
- Grevillea hybrid ‘Moonlight’
- Hakea laurina ‘Pincushion Hakea’
- Hemiandra pungens ‘Snakebush’
- Lomandra longifolia ‘Tanika’
- Oleara axillaris ‘Little Smokie’
- Scaevola nitida ‘Shining Fanflower’
- Syzygium australe ‘Lilly Pilly – Resilience’
- Verticordia chrysantha ‘Yellow Featherflower’
- Westringia fruticosa ‘Grey Box’
In addition to saving water, native plants are a food source for birds, bees and insects.
Choose Hardy Exotic Plants
There are some amazing drought tolerant plants from all over the world that grow really well here in WA. They can add colour, texture, shade and plenty of style to your garden. So lets look at a few:
- Agava attenuata ‘Century Plant’
- Aloe hybrid ‘Erik the Red’
- Crepe myrtle ‘Sioux’
- Dietes bicolor ‘Mini Ballerina’
- Furcraea foetida ‘Jet Stream’
- Gazania hybrid ‘Sunset Jane’
- Laurus nobilis ‘Bay Tree’
- Lavandula pedunculata ‘Lavender – Sensation Purple’
- Limonium perezii ‘Blue Statice’
- Olea europaea ‘Olive Tree’
- Rosmarinus officinalis ‘Rosemary Blue Lagoon’
- Senecio serpens ‘Blue Chalk Sticks’
- Yucca flaccida ‘Golder Sword’
- Zamia furfuracea ‘Cardboard Palm’
This is just a tiny sample to get you started. Have fun creating your waterwise garden.
Soil Is Important!
The type and quantity of soil in your garden does make a difference to plant selection and plant health. Some plants prefer clay, some loam, and others like sandy soil.
However as you know, Perth is mostly sand. Sand without nutrients, or the capacity to hold moisture for long. So improving your sand with a high quality Native mix or Landscape mix soil will help a lot. And quality is the key. If the soil the bring in is mostly sand itself, then what help is it really doing?
Good quality soil with help to retain moisture and nutrients in your garden and give your plants the ability to sustain themselves for longer when the hot weather kicks in.
Do You Really Need A Lawn?
Lawns are great for kids and animals, but they don’t need to be the entire focus of your garden. Large lawns just aren’t practical any more.
A healthy lawn requires regular watering, using far more water than that of a waterwise garden, and a lot of attention including mowing and fertilising. A small patch of lawn will still give you the space and cooling benefits while allowing you to reduce water use, and general maintenance requirements.
What if you want to get rid of your lawn altogether? What’s the alternative? You could consider:
- Groundcovers such as Dichondra repens ‘Kidney Plant’, Thymus serpyllum ‘Creeping Thyme’, Carpobrotus glaucescens ‘Pigface’ or a low growing Grevilea.
- Gravel or pebble path
- A rock garden with feature cactus or succulents.
- Bench seats and/or sculptures
- A garden bed with low growing shrubs and stepping stones.
If you do want an area of lawn, choose a variety that requires less water and don’t scrimp on putting 50mm to 100mm of high quality compost or soil improver down before you lay the lawn. Cheap lawn sand will not hold the moisture or nutrients you need it to.
Plant Shade Trees
Trees for shade are a massive bonus to any garden. They look great, create a different micro-climate for your garden, and help to cool the air and therefore your home.
Deciduous trees such as Gleditsia ‘Sunburst’, Frangipanis, and Crepe Myrtles will drop their leave in winter and allow the summer warmth onto your lawn or home.
Evergreen trees such as Eucalyptus Caesia ‘Silver Princess’, Eucalyptus Erythrocorys ‘Red Cap Gum’, Agonis Flexuosa ‘Burgundy’, Olive Trees and many more will give you colour and life all year round. They also provide habitat and food for birds, bugs and bees, increasing the biodiversity and health of your garden.
Pay Attention To The Sun
Before you start to install anything in your garden, consider where the sun is at different times of the day and at different times of the year. Knowing where the hotter areas, eg afternoon summer sun, and more heavily shaded areas are, eg under trees and southern walls, will aid in your layout decisions.
The idea is to choose the right plants for the right location, to try and keep plants out of direct sunlight for periods so some moisture is retained in the soil, and to work with the micro-climate that exists.
Of course you can always contact us and we’d be happy to help with your project 🙂