{"url": "https://histologyguide.org/slideview/MHS-283-brain/06-slide-1.html?x=0&y=0&z=-1&page=1", "date": "2021-04-17T00:14:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038092961.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20210416221552-20210417011552-00515.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9219594597816467, "token_count": 122, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__191160855", "lang": "en", "text": "Sagittal view of the rat brain stained with cresyl violet. Cresyl violet is a basic dye that binds nucleic acids and preferentially stains RNA.\nNissl (i.e., chromophil) substance in the form of granules is found in some cell bodies and dendrites of neurons, but is absent from axons. These granules are of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or rosettes of free ribosomes.\nCresyl violet also stains nuclei of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.moffittsfarm.com.au/2016/05/16/phosphorus-for-pastures/", "date": "2024-02-22T03:44:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473690.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222030017-20240222060017-00305.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9338332414627075, "token_count": 5453, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__74394779", "lang": "en", "text": "A complex story gradually unfolding\nComment by Patrick Francis\nThe phosphorus (P) chemistry interactions with, soil type, soil food web, soil pH, plant species, soil carbon, soil nutrient budget, pasture growth, paddock livestock carrying capacity, variable rainfall and ecosystem functions, has become an investigative topic for me. I am continually challenged by how conventional agricultural science has simplified phosphorus fertiliser applications for maintaining or increasing plant production in an incredibly complex soil medium where interactions are only partly understood.\nMy wonder about the topic constantly returns to how natural grassland ecosystems have been able to regenerate themselves for millennium without phosphorus inputs. Even with the introduction of livestock farming most native grasslands across Australia’s pastoral zone continue to remain productive without fertiliser inputs. Even more fascinating is how grazing ecosystems abused by excessive stocking rate and declining soil phosphorus levels respond to rest and above average rainfall. Agricultural science theory about phosphorous capital and maintenance requirements seem to fly out the door in good rainfall years.\nRoadsides colonized by introduced species and regularly mown for fire prevention are testimony to this.\nWhy is it so?\nI don’t know but the more scientific papers I read on the subject highlights how little agricultural science knows about phosphorus, or maybe it has a propensity to simplify discussion by recommending rule of thumb applications. Similarly the ideologues who advocate natural farming are guessing about input effects and outcomes. With both groups trials and experience provide a level of comfort about outcomes across various phosphorus measures which in many circumstances have become standard practice. But that’s the problem, rather than allowing nature to express itself, standard practices become mandatory.\nA recent article “Phosphorus best management practice” by the International Plant Nutrition Institute encapsulated what I mean. It stated:\nWhat happens to P fertiliser?\n• Most of Australia’s cropping soils have a long history of P application, but only a small proportion of this P is available to the current crop.\n• When P is applied to soil up to 70% will be precipitated or adsorbed by the soil into forms that are unavailable to the current crop.\n• The crop will access some P from the fertiliser as well as from slowly available pools built up over time.\n• The problem is that it is very difficult for plants to access P that is locked up in the ‘soil bank’, this is particularly true on soils with a high phosphorus buffering index (PBI). For this reason, in most cases annual applications of P at sowing are needed to meet the crop requirements.\n• Where P application has built up a large P bank, a stable response can be obtained with the use of maintenance P dressings – where P input as fertiliser balances P removal in grain.\nThe same thinking is used by agricultural scientists for pasture phosphorus recommendations particularly when sub clover is a significant proportion of paddock herbage.\nThe article included a figure to illustrate the problem farmers face with phosphorus fertiliser use, figure 1. The problem I have with this figure is that I makes general assumptions about what happen to P in soil and does not account for the what variation in soils and interactions that take place between plants and microorganisms in the rhizosphere (the area surround roots). Nor does it take any account of soil organic matter content. While the principle of nutrient budgeting is important to implement, in contrast to cropped paddocks, far less nutrient is being exported in pasture paddocks each year. So farmers who use the rule of thumb of applying maintenance P each year, are likely to developing a large soil P pool which is unnecessary for optimum pasture growth and may be contributing to P pollution in water ways.\nFigure 1: A simplistic representation of what happens to phosphorus fertiliser.\nSo how accurate is this depiction particularly in grasslands where there are so many interactions taking place between all the factors outlined in the first paragraph? Of particular interest to me is the 75% of applied P which is considered to have “low availability” and “very low availability”. Is this a perceived concept which satisfies our lack of knowledge outside of crop monocultures or high simplified pastures, and our desire to provide farmers with a simple answer to a complex issue?\nMy reading of the scientific literature emerging over the last five years suggests the latter might be the case.\nWhat follows are precis of research papers associated with phosphorus that suggest different approaches need to be taken with P fertiliser recommendations. The simple approach associated with capital and maintenance applications seems to be losing its relevance for profitable and environmentally responsible multi-plant species pasture based livestock production. The fact that some of the papers refer to crop nutrition does not negate their relevance to pasture farming systems. What happens across crop species is likely to be relevant across pasture species but with two important differences – moderate to high plant species diversity In pastures versus crop monocultures, and higher soil organic matter levels in pastures compared with crops, particularly those cropping soils with a long ploughing history.\nA novel biologically-based approach to evaluating soil phosphorus availability across complex landscapes.\nBy Thomas H. DeLuca et al, Soil Biology & Biochemistry 88 (2015) 110e119.\nPlants employ a range of strategies to increase phosphorus (P) availability in soil. Current soil P extraction methods (e.g. Olsen P), however, often fail to capture the potential importance of rhizosphere (the area surrounding plant roots which supports soil biota) processes in supplying P to the plant.\nIn response to this, the scientists tried a novel procedure using a suite of established extraction methods to explore the concept of a protocol that characterizes P pools available via plant and microbial P acquisition mechanisms.\nThe biologically based P (BBP) extraction was conducted by using four extractions in parallel. To test the protocol, they conducted the analyses on a total of 204 soil samples collected as part of a UK national ecosystem survey (Countryside Survey) in 1998 and repeated again in 2007. The samples were taken across a range of ecological sites including fertile pastures, infertile pastures, retired crop paddocks and woodlands.\nIn the survey, Olsen P showed a net decline in national soil P levels during this 10 year period. In agreement with these results, soluble P, citrate extractable P and mineral occluded P were all found to decrease over the 10 year study period. In contrast, enzyme extractable organic P increased over the same period likely due to the accumulation of organic P in the mineral soil. The method illustrates anoted shift in P pools over the 10 year period, but no net loss of P from the system.\nThis is an extraordinary statement as it is contradicts much of the agricultural science advice which suggests a steady decline in plant available P takes place each year.\nThe authors contend the observed decrease in inorganic P over a 10 year period does not specifically reflect a net loss of P from the system; but rather demonstrates a noted change between pools of P from inorganic to organic with the significant increase in enzyme extractable organic P. This is seen across soils in all soil organic matter categories and under most vegetation types to varying extents.\nFurther, the results suggest that the inorganic P is not simply precipitating out into increasingly insoluble forms.\nThe increasing enzyme extractable organic P across many categories of vegetation suggests that P is being taken out of the mineral soil by plants and soil biota and is accumulating P in an organic form in litter and O horizon organic matter. The organic P fraction can make up between 20 and 80% of total P in some soils. A proportion of this will be easily hydrolysed and made available for plant uptake, but the remainder is relatively stable and will remain occluded.\nGiven the limited solubility of P and its propensity to adsorb to organic and mineral surfaces, almost all plants have evolved to develop specialized mechanisms for enhancing P acquisition from soil. Therefore, measurement of P across landscapes using a single extraction technique (Olsen P) is likely to generate artefacts and will not adequately reflect P bioavailability.\nThe biologically based P (BBP) method illustrates a noted shift in P pools over the 10 year period, but no net loss of P from the system. It shows great promise for assessing biologically available P. This new method is simple and inexpensive and therefore has the potential to greatly improve our ability to characterise and understand changes in soil P status across complex landscapes.\nCarbon availability triggers fungal nitrogen (and phosphorus) uptake and transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis\nBy Carl R. Fellbaum et al; PNAS vol 109 no 7; 2011\nThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, formed between the majority of land plants and ubiquitous soil fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, is responsible for massive nutrient transfer and global carbon sequestration. AM fungi take up nutrients from the soil and exchange them against photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) from the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that reciprocal reward strategies by plant and fungal partners guarantee a “fair trade” of phosphorus against C between partners.\nResidual soil phosphorus as the missing piece in the global phosphorus crisis puzzle\nBy Sheida Z. Sattari et al; PNAS vol 109 no 16; 2012\nPhosphorus (P) is a finite and dwindling resource. Debate focuses on current production and use of phosphate rock rather than on the amounts of P required in the future to feed the world. We applied a two-pool soil P model to reproduce historical continental crop P uptake as a function of P inputs from fertilizer and manure and to estimate P requirements for crop production in 2050.\nThe key feature is the consideration of the role of residual soil P in crop production. Model simulations closely fit historical P uptake for all continents. Cumulative inputs of P fertilizer and manure for the period 1965–2007 in Europe (1,115 kg⋅ha−1 of cropland) grossly exceeded the cumulative P uptake by crops (360 kg⋅ha−1).\nSince the 1980s in much of Europe, P application rates have been reduced, and uptake continues to increase due to the supply of plant-available P from residual soil P pool. We estimate that between 2008 and 2050 a global cumulative P application of 700–790 kg⋅ha−1 of cropland (in total 1,070–1,200 teragrams P) is required to achieve crop production according to the various Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios.\nWe estimate that average global P fertilizer use must change from the current levels to 16.8–20.8 teragrams per year in 2050, which is up to 50% less than other estimates in the literature that ignore the role of residual soil P.\nReadily available P in the soil solution provides most of the plant-available P. The two main factors that control the availability of P to plant roots are the concentration of phosphate ions in the soil solution and the P-buffer capacity, i.e., the ability of the soil to replenish these ions when plant roots remove them. Soils differ in their buffering capacity and in the extent to which they fix P in insoluble compounds that are unavailable for uptake. P fixation depends on the amount of iron and aluminum oxides (properties that are particularly relevant in strongly weathered tropical soils) or high calcium activity.\nFollowing a traditional misconception that P fixation is dominant and irreversible, P has been used excessively in agricultural systems for decades in many industrialized countries, Figure 2.\nFigure 2: In virtually all continents around the world (except Africa) annual phosphorus applications per hectare to cropping land has vastly exceeded phosphorus uptake by crops per hectare.\nA critical concentration of readily available P must be maintained to obtain good crop yields. Crop uptake is generally only 10–20% of the P fertilizer applied in the first year, but a substantial part of applied P accumulates in the soil as residual P. The residual P is the difference between P inputs (mineral fertilizer, manure, weathering, and deposition) and P outputs (withdrawal of P in harvested products, and P loss by runoff or erosion).\nThe residual value of P refers to P that can be taken up by crops for many years, depending on soil P fixation capacity, soil pH, crop species, and P application time. In an ideal situation, when adequate P is present in the readily available pools, annual P inputs from fertilizer equal to the plant P uptake may be adequate to maintain good crop yields. Where the amount of readily available P is below a critical level, the rate of P release from residual P is insufficient to sustain optimal crop yields.\nHere, an analysis is presented of the historical and future demand of P in global crop production systems. The key feature of this study is the contribution of residual P to the available P for crop uptake at the continental and global scale. A dynamic phosphorus pool simulator (DPPS)—a simple two-pool P model, including labile and stable pools and long-term P input and output data, is applied in this analysis to simulate the P transformations in soil, the build-up of residual soil P pool, and crop P uptake.\nExperimental data at field, farm, and country scales support our findings that when soil-available P is adequate, crop yields can increase with decreasing or even halting P application. For example a farm-scale study showed that long-term (1989–2006) equilibrium P fertilization did not lead to reduced crop yields in Dutch sandy soils. A recent national-level study on P fertilizer in Japan indicated that crop yields remained constant or even increased, despite a decline in use of P fertilizer and manure between 1985 and 2005. Even in high P-fixing soils, a large initial application of P (∼600 kg⋅ha−1) can be adequate for cultivating maize for 7–9 y because of the effect of residual P.\nAccounting for the relative contribution of P from animal manure in global croplands under the GO scenario (32%), global inorganic P fertilizer use must be 20.8 Tg in 2050. This is 10–40% less than estimated in other studies. However, a large part of the P in animal manure that is recycled in cropland originates in grasslands. This transfer of P from grasslands to cropland is particularly important in developing countries, and contributes to the build-up of residual soil P in cropland. Given the increasing future demand for grass, additional fertilizer P will be required to maintain soil fertility in the world’s soils under grassland.\nThe mobility of P in alkaline clays of the Northern Grains Region\nBy Karl Andersson et al; GRDC Update March 2016\nThe alkaline Vertosols of the northern grains region contain a pool of phosphorus (P) that is rapidly available to plants, and a diminishing reserve-P fraction that has been considered to slowly replenish the available pool. The process of replenishment is not well understood, and this may lead to inefficient use of fertiliser.\nThe reserve-P is acid-soluble, and may be native soil P or fertiliser reaction products.\nCrop response both with and without P fertilisation in Vertosols have shown that plants access acid-soluble P not measured by the bicarbonate method (Colwell P test). It is possible that modification of soil in the rhizosphere, particularly acidification, enables plants to directly access the acid-soluble P fraction. Broader understanding of the pH buffering properties of the soils, and the nature of P reserves, may allow better selection of varieties and management of P fertiliser.\nVarietal variation in grain responses to phosphorus\nBy Chris Guppy et al; GRDC Update March 2016\nGRDC recently invested in quantifying the variation in root response of 10 northern wheat and 5 barley lines to P, K, S and N nutrition.\nThe data acquired was used to generate a table identifying which varieties may respond well in low soil P, high soil P, stratified P (high surface and low subsoil P) and where growers have placed subsoil banded P. These are conditions growers may face under a range of fertiliser application strategies. For example, low soil P may arise with a history of cropping with minimal P replacement. High soil P may occur where land is recently cleared, or fertiliser application has been maintained with both surface and subsoil placement.\nThere was considerable genetic variation in the capacity of plants to access P from this P responsive soil. Baxter had the highest acquisition efficiency and Sunguard the lowest. In a low P environment, longer root lengths may increase surface area and therefore the opportunity to acquire P from the larger surface area. Similarly, there was variation in both how much P was required by individual varieties to generate shoot biomass, and in how far in advance of biomass production varieties acquired the P from the soil. This suggests that some varieties will grow better, and yield higher in soils with low P status. And that some varieties, with the ability to accumulate P in advance of requirements will perform better in scenarios where there is a P rich topsoil that can be exploited and mined for P early in the season before drawing water from P depleted subsoil layers.\nConsistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe\nBy Jonathan Leffa et al; bDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO\nHuman activities have resulted in large increases in the availability of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Although plant community responses to elevated nutrients have been well studied, soil microbial community responses remain poorly understood, despite their critical importance to ecosystem functioning. Using DNA-sequencing approaches, we assessed the response of soil microbial communities to experimentally added nitrogen and phosphorus at 25 grassland sites across the globe. Our results demonstrate that the composition of these communities shifts in consistent ways with elevated nutrient inputs and that there are corresponding shifts in the ecological attributes of the community members. This study represents an important step forward for understanding the connection between elevated nutrient inputs, shifts in soil microbial communities, and altered ecosystem functioning.\nCONSIDER PHOSPHORUS NEEDS FOLLOWING FLOODED SOIL CONDITIONS – Potash & Phosphate Institute Georgia USA.\nWet fall and winter conditions cause many fields to be water-logged. In rice-producing areas, crops that follow rice are often planted on soils that have either been flooded all summer and winter, or that have been water-logged with winter rains following the rice harvest. As the soils dry and planting time approaches, several reactions occur that influence phosphorus availability and need.\nPhosphorus that is bound with iron and aluminum oxide compounds becomes more soluble under flooded conditions. When the soil dries, however, iron re-oxidizes and begins to form complex compounds with phosphate, resulting in less plant-available phosphorus.\nPhosphorus is also present in soils in organic forms which are not utilized directly by crops. As organic matter decomposes with sufficient oxygen, moisture, and microbial activity, phosphate is released. Under flooded or water-logged conditions, organic matter mineralization and release of phosphates is limited. On soils that have been land leveled, subsurface layers that are high in iron and aluminum and also low in organic matter are often exposed, resulting in chemical reactions that reduce phosphorus availability.\nOn soils that are acidic and have high iron and aluminum contents, and which also have low organic matter contents, phosphate…that which is native in the soil or that added as fertilizer…is subject to ‘fixation’. In simple terms, this means that phosphorus is bound in forms unavailable or only very slowly available to plants. Mixing phosphorus fertilizer with the soil results in more fixation than when phosphorus is banded.\nIn soils that are alternately wetted and dried (flooded and drained) the phosphorus fixation is much more extensive and less reversible than under continuously flooded (wet) conditions. This helps explain why crops rotated with rice have an increased need for phosphorus and why banded phosphorus applications are often superior to broadcast applications.\nDEALING WITH SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN SOIL TEST RESULTS – Potash & Phosphate Institute Georgia USA.\nSizeable fluctuations in soil test levels can occur seasonally (monthly) and are associated with changes in soil temperature and moisture, soil microbial activity, crop residue decomposition, clay mineralogy, and nutrient cycling. Shallow soil samples (0 to 10cm) may be more susceptible to seasonal fluctuations in test results than samples collected from deeper depths.\n- Soil pH—can vary as much as 0.5 to 1 pH units on poorly buffered soils, especially on the coarser textured soils. Soil pH is usually lower in dry periods and higher in wet conditions.\n- Extractable soil phosphorus—-may be more stable than soil pH and extractable potassium in the majority of soils. Under prolonged flooding, phosphorus associated with iron complexes can be released. When soils dry, phosphorus can be bound tightly in iron and aluminum complexes, which lowers availability to plants. Seasonal variation can be as much as 10 to 20 kgs per hectare or 5 to 10 parts per million (ppm).\n- Tracking trends in soil test results over time is just as important as the soil test value in a given year.\nOrganic matter management (for plant nutrition)– University of Minnesota Extension\nUp to 15% of soil organic matter is fresh organic material and living organisms. Another third to one half is partially and slowly decomposing material that may last decades. This decomposing material is the active fraction of soil organic matter.\nThe active organic matter, and the microbes that feed on it, are central to nutrient cycles. Many of the nutrients used by plants are held in organic matter until soil organisms decompose the material and release ammonium and other plant-available nutrients. Organic matter is especially important in providing nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron.\nA soil with 3% organic matter contains about 3,000 kgs of nitrogen per hectare. Depending on the rate of decomposition, 25 to 100 kgs per hectare may become available to plants in a year, but it is difficult to predict the decomposition rate. In Minnesota, decomposition rates are typically about 2%. This means that one hectare of crop plants on a soil with 3% soil organic matter may get 60 kgs of their nitrogen and 6 kgs of their phosphorus from soil organic matter.\nThe importance of soil organic matter – FAO soil bulletin 80\nChapter 6. Key factors in sustained food production\nHigh organic matter increases productivity and, in turn, high productivity increases organic matter.\nThe two major soil fertility constraints of the West African savannah and in the subhumid and semi-arid regions of SSA are low inherent nutrient reserve and rapid acidification under continuous cultivation as a consequence of low buffering or cation exchange capacity. Generally, these constraints are tackled by applying chemical fertilizers and lime. However, the application of inorganic fertilizers on depleted soils often fails to provide the expected benefits. This is basically because of low organic matter and low biological activity in the soil.\nThe chemical and nutritional benefits of organic matter are related to the cycling of plant nutrients and the ability of the soil to supply nutrients for plant growth. Organic matter retains plant nutrients and prevents them leaching to deeper soil layers. Microorganisms are responsible for the mineralization and immobilization of N, P and S through the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, they contribute to the gradual and continuous liberation of plant nutrients. Available nutrients that are not taken up by the plants are retained by soil organisms. In organic-matter depleted soils, these nutrients would be lost from the system through leaching and runoff.\nPhosphate fixation and unavailability is a major soil fertility constraint in acid soils containing large amounts of free iron and aluminium oxides. In comparing the P-sorption capacity of surface and subsurface soil samples, Uehara and Gilman (1981) provided indirect evidence that soil organic matter can reduce the P-sorption capacity of such soils. This implies that for high P-fixing soils, i.e. oxide-rich soils derived from volcanic and ferro-magnesian rocks, management systems that are capable of accumulating and maintaining greater amounts of calcium-saturated soil organic matter in the surface horizon would increase P availability from both organic and fertilizer sources.\nMycorrhizae are particularly important for phosphate uptake because P does not move towards plant roots easily. These organisms do not harm the plant, and in return, the plant provides energy to the fungus in the form of sugars. The fungus is actually a network of filaments that grows in and around the plant root cells,forming a mass that extends considerably beyond the root system of the plant.\nThe rhizosphere is the region of soil immediately adjacent to and affected by plant roots. It is a very dynamic environment where plants, soil, micro-organisms, nutrients and water meet and interact. The rhizosphere differs from the bulk soil because of the activities of plant roots and their effect on soil organisms.\nThe root exudates can be used to increase the availability of nutrients and they provide a food source for micro-organisms. This causes the number of microorganisms to be greater in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Their presence attracts larger soil organisms that feed on micro-organisms and the concentration of organisms in the rhizosphere can be up to 500 times higher than in the bulk soil.\nAn important feature of the rhizosphere is the uptake of water and nutrients by plants. Plants take up water and nutrients into their roots. This draws water from the surrounding soil towards the roots and rhizosphere.\nThe soil organisms near the rhizosphere influence plant roots because:\n- They alter the movement of C compounds from roots to shoots (translocation).\n- Earthworm galleries (burrows) provide an easy pathway for roots to take as they grow through the soil.\n- Micorrhizal associations can increase nutrient uptake by plants.\nSome of the nutrients in the soil are held in the organic matter, comprising almost all the N, a large amount of P and some S. When organic matter decomposes, the nutrients are released into the soil for plant use. Therefore, the amount and type of organic matter in the soil determines the quantity and availability of these nutrients in the soil.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.appliednanoresearch.com/applied-nano-research-startup-munich-germany/", "date": "2020-08-03T17:49:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735823.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200803170210-20200803200210-00136.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9549973607063293, "token_count": 122, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__22052684", "lang": "en", "text": "Finally, we are glad to welcome you on our new website. We are ”Applied Nano Research – ANR” a young nanotechnology startup located in Munich (Germany) with numerous technical innovations in the pipeline. Soon, our next generation blade material will be ready to be brought to market and at the moment, we are about to produce our first prototypes with our partners. Please, do not hesitate to contact us if you are interested in a cooperation or became curious about us and want to know more. Contact us directly via e-mail. We would be honoured to get in touch with you!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.4riverscentercbd.com/store/p2/Elixinol_CBD_Oil_Capsules_30_%7C_450mg.html", "date": "2024-04-21T19:12:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00506.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8619667887687683, "token_count": 252, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__201251202", "lang": "en", "text": "Elixinol CBD Oil Capsules 30 | 450mg\nCBD oil capsules are one of the most convenient ways to get CBD and a full spectrum of cannabinoids into your system. In the knowledge that you get the exact serving size each time, CBD capsules provide a sure way to ensure you take just the amount you need. Made with only natural ingredients, our CBD capsules absorb quickly into the body and are a particularly effective format for those with inflammation of the digestive system.\n- 30 capsules per bottle, a total of 450 mg of CBD per bottle .\n- 15 mg of CBD plus 375 mg of hemp oil per capsule.\n- Full-spectrum hemp oil extract ensures you get the benefit of many cannabinoids and terpenes.\n- Organic hemp CO2 extracted in a chemical-free process for maximum purity and quality.\n- Other natural molecules include: alkanes, nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, sugars, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, flavanoids, glycosides, vitamins, pigments and water.\n- If you want the best, buy CBD capsules from Elixinol – our products are organic with our guarantee that our CBD capsules contain a full range of cannabinoids to achieve maximum benefit.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://smjournals.com/radiology/fulltext/smrj-v2-1009.php", "date": "2021-04-23T18:07:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039596883.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210423161713-20210423191713-00134.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.904094934463501, "token_count": 1318, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__20328081", "lang": "en", "text": "Isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 and IDH2 are closely-related metabolic enzymes which catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) by oxidative decarboxylation and simultaneously generate NADPH in cells. IDH1 and IDH2 are frequently mutated in WHO grade II and grade III gliomas and in secondary glioblastoma. In gliomas, IDH mutations are highly specific for the amino acid arginine in IDH1 enzyme’s substrate binding site, resulting in substitution of the arginine at 132 with histidine (R132H) in >80% of all IDH mutations . IDH mutations result in production and accumulation of the metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) in IDH1 mutated cells, which greatly impacts the cellular metabolism and also contributes to tumor pathogenesis [2,3].\nSeveral aspects of IDH mutations make them highly significant molecular markers for imaging and therapeutic targeting in IDH-mutated gliomas as well as other cancers that carry these mutations. IDH mutations are generally associated with longer survival in gliomas, and were confirmed as independent predictors of favorable outcome in multivariate analyses . As a genetic mutation occurring at the tumor precursor cell stage, IDH1 mutation or mutant IDH1 expression is expected to be stable and homogenous among all tumor cells within an IDH1-mutated glioma. Hence, the ability to noninvasively image mutant IDH1 expression in gliomas can serve as a valuable tool in the clinical setting to diagnose mutant IDH1 tumors, predict prognosis and to evaluate treatment response based on IDH1 mutation status.\nPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a translational molecular imaging technique which uses specific probes that are labeled with positron-emitting radioisotopes for quantitative measurement of biological processes in vivo with high sensitivity (typically in picomoles with regard to probe detection in the target tissue). Development of radiotracers for mutant IDH1 as a novel imaging target is scientifically challenging and requires that various aspects of the mutant IDH1 are taken into account for the design and development of radiotracers. As an enzyme, mutant IDH1 is an intracellular target which excludes the possibility of developing imaging probes based on macromolecules as they cannot freely cross the cell membrane (e.g. monoclonal antibodies H09 or IMab-1 that recognize IDH1-R132H). For radiotracers based on small molecules, the compound should have sufficient lipophilicity, ideally a log P of >0.8, for efficient penetration through the cell membrane and to be able to reach the target in sufficient concentration. For imaging mutant IDH1 expression in brain tumors, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may play a significant role in the uptake and clearance of the labeled compounds in the tumor tissue. However, preclinical studies suggest that an IDH1-R132H mutation in the CNS may cause disruption of the BBB by D-2-HG-mediated impairment of basement membranes surrounding the endothelial cells .\nIn view of its gain-of-function and the putative role of D-2-HG as an oncometabolite, inhibition of mutant IDH enzyme with small molecule inhibitors has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for direct targeting of IDH mutations in cancers. To this end, several classes of mutant IDH1 inhibitors have been developed by high-throughput screening by pharmaceutical companies, and have shown high inhibitory potency and excellent selectivity for the mutant IDH1 vs. the WTIDH1 (e.g. AGI-5198; IC50: 70 nM) . Mechanism-of-inhibition and crystallography studies have revealed different modes of binding and/or mutant IDH1 inhibition by these inhibitors depending on the chemical scaffold, and includes competitive binding with respect to α-KG, a mixed mode of competitive/non-competitive binding, as well as binding to an allosteric binding site on the mutant IDH1 [5,6]. This available medicinal chemistry information on the mutant IDH1 inhibitors can help in designing and guiding the development of radiotracers for the mutant IDH1. In IDH1-mutated gliomas, the levels of α-KG, which is used as a substrate by the mutant IDH1 enzyme, are much lower compared to that for D-2-HG (< 0.1 μmol/g vs. 5-35 μmol/g tumor for D-2-HG) or some of the other TCA cycle intermediates . However, since the mass of the injected probe for PET imaging studies is usually in nmoles, ideally, the candidate radiotracers should not have to compete with α-KG for binding to the mutant IDH1. Some of the reported inhibitors such as AGI-5198 also contain fluorine in their chemical structure which can be substituted with the PET radioisotope 18F (t1/2: 109.8 min) in a manner that can fully preserve the inhibitory potency of the compound . In general, the selection of radioisotope for labeling can be guided by the binding affinity of the non-radioactive analog for the mutant IDH1, amenability of the compound for labeling with a particular PET radioisotope (e.g. 11C, 18F and 124I), and the anticipated pharmacokinetics of the compound in in vivo. The goal would be to achieve high tumor uptake and high tumor-to-background ratios for the labeled compounds in mutant-IDH1 tumors in vivo within 2-3 half-lives of the selected radioisotope. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of candidate radiotracers should include tumor cell lines that closely represent IDH1-mutated gliomas in patients, as well as appropriate control systems (e.g. isogenic WT-IDH1 cell lines) to identify promising lead compounds for clinical evaluation.\nCitation: Chitneni SK. IDH1 Mutations in Glioma: Considerations for Radiotracer Development. SM Radiol J. 2016; 2(1): 1009.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.me-kar.com/edetail200.html", "date": "2024-02-22T02:02:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00328.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9144735336303711, "token_count": 531, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__43004074", "lang": "en", "text": "Plate cleaning and protection\nKeeping the sheets clean is one of the important conditions for maintaining a high heat transfer coefficient. Between the plates, the medium moves along the narrow and meandering flow path. Even if a relatively thick scale layer is generated, it will cause changes in the flow path, affecting the movement of the fluid, increasing the pressure drop, and reducing the heat transfer coefficient. For example, a sugar mill uses a plate heat exchanger in heating. Because the secondary water is not well treated, the flow channel is blocked for only two months during use and cannot continue to operate.\n1. chemical cleaning method\nThis method is to cyclically pass a chemical solution through the heat exchanger to dissolve and discharge the dirt on the surface of the sheet. This method does not require disassembling the heat exchanger, which simplifies the cleaning process and reduces the labor level of cleaning. Since the corrugation of the sheet can promote the turbulent flow of the cleaning liquid and facilitate the dissolution of the scale layer, the chemical cleaning method is a better method.\n2. mechanical (physical) cleaning method This method is to manually clean the plate after the brush, in order to achieve the purpose of removing dirt on the surface of the plate. Although this method is relatively straightforward, it is not easy to clean the harder and thicker scale layer.\n3. the comprehensive cleaning method for the dirt layer is relatively hard and thick, simply using the above method is difficult to clean. The comprehensive method is to first soften the scale layer by chemical cleaning, and then remove the scale layer by mechanical (physical) cleaning method to keep the sheet clean.\n4. precautions when cleaning\n1 The solution should maintain a certain flow rate during chemical cleaning, generally 0.8 ~ 1.2m / s. Its purpose is to increase the degree of turbulence in the solution.\n2 Different chemical cleaning solutions should be used for different soils. In addition to the frequently used diluted soda ash solution, a 5% nitric acid solution can be used for the scale. For the scale generated in the production of soda ash, a 5% hydrochloric acid solution can be used. However, chemical lotions that corrode the plates should not be used.\n3 Mechanical (physical) cleaning does not allow the use of carbon steel brush to scrub stainless steel, so as not to accelerate the corrosion of the plate. At the same time, the surface of the plate cannot be scratched or deformed.\n4 After cleaning, the plate should be rinsed with water and dried, and the plate should be prevented from being deformed.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.climatech-inc.ca/the-montreal-protocol-ozone-depleting-refrigerants-are-to-be-eliminated/", "date": "2020-06-06T04:34:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348509972.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606031557-20200606061557-00038.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9195866584777832, "token_count": 448, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__109053075", "lang": "en", "text": "The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is considered one of the most successful environmental treaty in the world. Focused on the issue of environment protection, it sets out a mandatory timetable for the phase out of ozone depleting substances.\nIntroduction to The Montreal Protocol\nThe Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, also known as the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. It was designed or formulated to stop the production and use of ozone depleting substances along with reducing their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earth’s ozone layer.\nThe Montreal Protocol sits under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (the Vienna Convention). After the international discussion of scientific discoveries in the 1980s highlighted the adverse effect of human activity on the ozone layer and the discovery of the Ozone Hole, The Vienna Convention was adopted in 1985. Its objectives are to promote cooperation on the adverse effects of human activities on the ozone layer.\nThe Vienna Convention & Amendments\nAdopted in 1985, The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is the precursor to the Montreal Protocol. It is often called a framework convention as it acts as a framework for efforts to protect the globe’s ozone layer. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, the countries of the world agreed with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer under the Convention, to advance that goal.\n- The London Amendment (1990)\n- The Copenhagen Amendment (1992)\n- The Montreal Amendment (1997)\n- The Beijing Amendment (1999)\n- The Kigali Amendment (2016)\nEfforts Behind The Montreal Protocol\nUnder the Protocol, nations phased out chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – a class of compounds that were used in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, foams and solvents. These are the elements that are damaging the protective ozone layer which shields the planet from the harmful ultraviolet radiation.\nBecause ozone-depleting substances and some of their substitutes are also potent greenhouse gases, their phase-out under the Montreal Protocol is critical to the international efforts made to address climate change.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://techlabbangladesh.com/product/etp-water-parameter-correction", "date": "2023-12-06T11:06:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00354.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8799801468849182, "token_count": 1275, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__250390415", "lang": "en", "text": "ETP WATER PARAMETER CORRECTIONTech Lab Bangladesh Limited offers ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) Water Parameter Correction services to help industries optimize their effluent treatment processes and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. Our specialized expertise in water parameter correction allows us to identify and address issues related to water quality, effluent composition, and treatment efficiency. By leveraging our services, industries can achieve efficient and effective treatment of their wastewater, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainable practices. Our ETP Water Parameter Correction services encompass the following key areas: Water Quality Analysis: We conduct comprehensive water quality analysis to identify the parameters that need correction in the effluent. Our expert team collects samples and performs laboratory tests to determine the levels of various contaminants, including pH, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, heavy metals, and other relevant parameters. Through detailed analysis, we identify the specific areas where water parameter correction is required. Process Optimization: Based on the water quality analysis results, we develop tailored strategies and solutions to optimize the treatment process. Our experienced engineers and technicians assess the existing ETP infrastructure, treatment methods, and operational procedures to identify potential bottlenecks or inefficiencies. We recommend process modifications, equipment upgrades, or changes in operational practices to optimize the treatment efficiency and address the specific water parameter correction needs. Chemical Dosing and Treatment: Tech Lab Bangladesh Limited provides expert guidance on the selection and dosing of appropriate chemicals to correct water parameters. We determine the optimal dosage of chemicals, such as coagulants, flocculants, pH adjusters, oxidizing agents, or specific reagents, based on the required parameter correction. Our team assists in implementing the correct dosing techniques, ensuring effective treatment and proper mixing of chemicals within the ETP. Technology Upgrades and Integration: We assess the feasibility of incorporating advanced treatment technologies or upgrading existing systems to address specific water parameter correction needs. Tech Lab Bangladesh Limited provides recommendations on the integration of additional treatment units, such as advanced filtration systems, membrane technologies, UV disinfection, or biological treatment methods, based on the identified requirements. Our expertise in system integration ensures seamless incorporation of new technologies into the existing ETP infrastructure. Monitoring and Compliance: We establish robust monitoring protocols and systems to track the effectiveness of water parameter correction measures. Our team assists in implementing real-time monitoring systems, including sensors, analyzers, and data acquisition systems, to continuously monitor key water parameters and treatment performance. We ensure compliance with regulatory standards by developing monitoring plans, reporting mechanisms, and documentation required for regulatory reporting. Training and Support: We provide comprehensive training to operators and maintenance personnel on the correct implementation of water parameter correction measures. Tech Lab Bangladesh Limited offers ongoing technical support, maintenance services, and periodic system audits to ensure sustained performance and continuous improvement. By availing our ETP Water Parameter Correction services, industries can achieve optimal treatment efficiency, meet environmental regulations, and mitigate the risks associated with improper effluent discharge. Our expertise in water parameter correction and commitment to environmental sustainability make us a reliable partner for industries seeking to optimize their effluent treatment processes.\nEffluent Treatment Plant (ETP) Water Parameter Correction is essential for industries for the following reasons: Compliance with Environmental Regulations: Environmental regulations govern the quality of wastewater discharged by industries. ETP Water Parameter Correction ensures that the effluent meets the required standards and regulatory limits for parameters such as pH, suspended solids, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), nutrients, heavy metals, and other contaminants. Compliance with these regulations is crucial to avoid penalties, legal issues, and damage to the company's reputation. Environmental Protection: Proper ETP Water Parameter Correction helps minimize the environmental impact of industrial wastewater. By correcting and optimizing water parameters, industries reduce the release of harmful substances and contaminants into water bodies, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and preserving water resources. It contributes to the overall sustainability and conservation of the environment. Sustainable Water Management: ETP Water Parameter Correction promotes sustainable water management practices. By optimizing water parameters, industries can recycle and reuse treated water within their processes, reducing freshwater consumption and conserving valuable resources. It also reduces the burden on public water supply systems and promotes responsible water stewardship. Prevention of Pollution and Health Risks: Improperly treated or untreated industrial wastewater can pose significant risks to human health, as well as the health of animals and plants. Water Parameter Correction in ETPs ensures that contaminants and pollutants are effectively removed or reduced to safe levels, minimizing the potential for pollution and associated health risks. Efficient Effluent Treatment Processes: ETP Water Parameter Correction optimizes the treatment processes, enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness. By identifying and correcting specific water parameters, industries can improve the performance of their ETPs, ensuring consistent and reliable treatment results. This leads to better removal of contaminants, reduced treatment costs, and improved overall operational efficiency. Protection of Downstream Users and Ecosystems: Industries are often located in proximity to residential areas or downstream of water bodies. By implementing ETP Water Parameter Correction, industries safeguard the well-being of downstream users who rely on water sources for various purposes, such as drinking water, agriculture, and recreation. It also protects the integrity of ecosystems downstream, minimizing the impact on aquatic life and biodiversity. Reputation and Stakeholder Expectations: Companies that demonstrate a commitment to responsible wastewater management and environmental stewardship build a positive reputation. ETP Water Parameter Correction showcases a proactive approach to sustainability, meeting stakeholder expectations, and gaining the trust of customers, investors, regulatory authorities, and the community at large. Risk Mitigation and Future-Proofing: Correcting water parameters in ETPs helps identify and mitigate risks associated with inadequate treatment. By addressing parameter deficiencies and implementing proper correction measures, industries reduce the likelihood of operational disruptions, equipment failures, and incidents of non-compliance. It provides a robust foundation for future regulatory changes and evolving environmental standards. Overall, ETP Water Parameter Correction is crucial for industries to comply with regulations, protect the environment, optimize resource usage, ensure public health, and maintain sustainable business practices. It is an essential step towards responsible wastewater management and a demonstration of the industry's commitment to environmental stewardship.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://hugloo.com/product/multicore-high-flexible-cable/", "date": "2023-12-10T12:49:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00580.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8532417416572571, "token_count": 206, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__292175960", "lang": "en", "text": "Brighten your smile with Crest 3D White Radiant Mint Whitening Toothpaste. It whitens your teeth by removing up to 80% of surface stains and protects against future stains. 3D White fluoride toothpaste also strengthens your tooth enamel and helps protect against cavities.\nActive ingredient: Sodium fluoride 0.243% (0.15% w/v fluoride ion) Inactive ingredients: water, sorbitol, hydrated silica, disodium pyrophosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, flavor, cellulose gum, sodium hydroxide, sodium saccharin, carbomer, mica, titanium dioxide, blue 1\nAdults and children 2 yrs. & older: brush teeth thoroughly after meals or at least twice a day or use as directed by a dentist. Do not swallow. To minimize swallowing use a pea-sized amount in children under 6. Supervise children’s brushing until good habits are established. Children under 2 yrs.: ask a dentist.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.drbasner.com/blog/the-sunless-tan-is-safe-%E2%80%93-right", "date": "2019-09-18T09:08:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573264.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918085827-20190918111827-00009.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.955906331539154, "token_count": 564, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__150710328", "lang": "en", "text": "There have been warnings out for years, articles, blogs and studies about the dangers of excess sun exposure. All of these forms of information to the public have brought about sunless tanning products in a variety of forms the past few years. Now experts question, are these products safe, some that you apply yourself or the ones in tanning salons that are sprayed on? For the most part, while these products contain and active ingredient, DHA, it appears to be safe for external use.\nDihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the only FDA-approved skin-tinting additive. It is colorless sugar material that when applied to the skin, interacts with the dead skin cells on your outer skin. It simply stains the skin making it appear darker. Since dead cells The effect is temporary, because as the dead cells shed naturally, the color will fade and disappear, usually in a week's time. This is why reapplying the product is required if you want to maintain that darker look. To date, no studies have determined or shown that these tanning products lead to skin cancer.\nSo for now, tanning lotions are healthier than getting tanned on the beach, at the pool or in a tanning bed. Even though suntans fad in time, usually within a few days, the DNA of your skin cells has broken down and your skin has already been harmed permanently by the sun's UV rays.\nThere are a few concerns about the sunless tanning products too. Such as some users have experienced allergic reactions and you most definitely, want to make sure the product doesn’t get in your eyes, mouth or nose. It is always recommended to test a small area that is not visible, to see how it your skin reacts.\nChoose a tanning product that contains a minimum SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15, the higher the number the better. If the product you decide on doesn’t contain SPF, you need to apply an separate SPF product just as you would normally. At no time, should you not be using a SPF on a regular basis for the safest protection against the sun's UV rays.\nSo be sure to check the label, ask your tanning salon or give us a call at The Plastic Surgery Center of Maryland to verify your choice of self-tanning product contains DHA and if the amount of SPF is sufficient for you.\nAs always, the safest thing to do is stay out of the sun. However, if you're looking bronzed, that's probably not what you have in mind. So an important factor to remember is that just because your skin looks tan, that doesn’t provide you with any protection from actual sun exposure.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.giema.com/en/products/mixing-pumps/mixing-pump-g30f.html", "date": "2019-05-23T14:14:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257244.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523123835-20190523145835-00304.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8656441569328308, "token_count": 194, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__123725840", "lang": "en", "text": "G30F is a multifunctional mixing pump which is fit for all conventional dry material i.e.: masonry mortar, plaster, screed, filler, finishing coat, adhesives and filling material.\nThe mixing pump is fitted with a swing down mixing tube for the use as sole conveying pump as standard. The separate mix- and pump-unit guarantee an ideal and constant mixing of material. Water reflux into the dry mortar zone is excluded.\nThe pump motor is very powerful and the output speed is variable. This offers optimal modulation for any working range.\n|Output:||up to 50 l|\n|Delivery pressure:||up to 40 bar|\n|Delivery:||up to 40 m|\n|Power supply:||400 V / 50 Hz|\n|Drive mixing unit:||3.0 kW|\n|Drive pump unit:||4.0 kW|\n|Weight:||ca. 280 kg|", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.jandjsports.ca/services/39529/battery-inspection", "date": "2019-07-17T06:40:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525094.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717061451-20190717083451-00534.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9256337285041809, "token_count": 567, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__15893540", "lang": "en", "text": "Is your battery dead? Let us double check it for you; maybe we can revive it.\nBut to save yourself trouble in the future, please be aware that batteries require monthly maintenance and will not be warranted for lack of maintenance.\nProper battery care is important to the performance and overall life expectancy of your battery. Knowing how to properly maintain, charge and store your battery will keep your battery ready to perform when you need it to.\nCreate a battery maintenance routine and stay\nconsistent in checking the following to help extend the life of your battery.\nAll batteries have a natural tendency to discharge, including power sport batteries. There are a number of reasons why discharge takes place. Some common examples are temperature, parasitic draw, non use and trips that are not long enough to recharge the battery.\nA fully automatic, low amp, charger is highly recommended for many reasons such as price, ease of operation and results.\nBefore beginning the charging operation, read the instructions that come with the charger. Never attempt to charge a battery without first reviewing the instructions for the charger being used. In addition to the charger manufacturer’s instructions, the following general precautions should be followed.\nAlways charge batteries in a well ventilated area and wear proper eye protection.\nMake sure the charger is turned off and/or unplugged before connecting the leads to your battery to avoid dangerous sparks.\nNever try to charge a visibly damaged or frozen battery\nMake sure the charger leads are securely attached to battery terminals\nKeep all sparks, flames, and cigarettes away from charging area.\nMany power sport enthusiasts are forced to store their ride during part of the year due to different seasons. What ever your storage situation, proper battery storage can be the difference between a quick start next season or replacing your battery.\nThe ultimate goal when storing your battery, weather you leave it in your ride or you remove it, is to keep the battery fully charged. When your battery becomes discharged it could fall victim to one of two things, sulfating or freezing. Either will likely result in battery replacement.\nAll power sport batteries experience some level of sulfating.\nStarts when batteries begin to discharge\nOccurs when sulfur in the electrolyte forms crystals that attach to the lead plates and then act as “insulation” keeping the battery from accepting a charge.\nThe more your battery becomes discharged, the more the battery’s electrolyte becomes water – The acid absorbs into the lead plates\nDischarged batteries will begin freezing at temperatures of 0°C\nCan result in a cracked case or buckled plates\nIf sides of the battery are bulging the battery froze and permanent damage has occurred.\nIf possible, remove the battery, keep it stored above 0°C and connect a low amp automatic charger.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://shop.wilcon.com.ph/single-bowl-left-drainboard-ki-0033.html", "date": "2022-07-01T19:35:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103945490.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701185955-20220701215955-00053.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8830313086509705, "token_count": 200, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__201789232", "lang": "en", "text": "FRANKE SET BELL BCX 611-86 SBLHD 860X480X200X0.8MM SS 304\nFranke stainless steel is unique\nThere’s stainless steel and then there’s Franke stainless steel. The alloy used by Franke is the result of an evolution that began in 1930.\nFranke stainless steel sinks are made from premium quality chrome nickel steel giving them stunning beauty while making them highly resistant to staining, rust and corrosion and providing maximum durability.\nThe steel is composed of 17-18% chromium for shine and rust resistance and adds extra corrosion protection.\nCorrosion-resistant Premium quality chrome nickel steel makes sinks highly resistant to staining, rust and corrosion\nNon-porous Naturally hygienic, it doesn’t harbor bacteria\nSelf-regenerating Stainless steel surfaces develop a passive protective layer that continuously renews, so your sink is easy to clean and care for", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.htrc.com.au/blog/", "date": "2018-03-17T14:03:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645177.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317135816-20180317155816-00040.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9241967797279358, "token_count": 557, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__169237981", "lang": "en", "text": "Tattoo inks are unregulated in Australia because you can buy ink from anywhere in the world on the internet, China and Eastern Europe (the former Soviet Union) are popular sources of tattoo ink.\nThe extract below from Wikipedia explains what might actually be in tattoo ink.\nManufacturers are not required to reveal their ingredients or conduct trials, and recipes may be proprietary. Professional inks may be made from iron oxides (rust), metal salts, plastics. Homemade or traditional tattoo inks may be made from pen ink, soot, dirt, blood, or other ingredients.\nHeavy metals used for colors include mercury (red); lead (yellow, green, white); cadmium (red, orange, yellow); nickel (black); zinc (yellow, white); chromium (green); cobalt (blue); aluminium (green, violet); titanium (white); copper (blue, green); iron (brown, red, black); and barium (white). Metal oxides used include ferrocyanide and ferricyanide (yellow, red, green, blue). Organic chemicals used include azo-chemicals (orange, brown, yellow, green, violet) and naptha-derived chemicals (red). Carbon (soot or ash) is also used for black. Other elements used as pigments include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, calcium, lithium, selenium, and sulphur.\nTattoo ink manufacturers typically blend the heavy metal pigments and/or use lightening agents (such as lead or titanium) to reduce production costs.\nA carrier acts as a solvent for the pigment, to “carry” the pigment from the point of needle trauma to the surrounding dermis. Carriers keep the ink evenly mixed and free from pathogens, and aid application. The most typical solvent is ethyl alcohol or water, but denatured alcohols, methanol, rubbing alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerine are also used. When an alcohol is used as part of the carrier base in tattoo ink or to disinfect the skin before application of the tattoo, it increases the skin’s permeability, helping to transport more chemicals into the bloodstream.\nAs is obvious from the Wikipedia extract above it is almost impossible to be sure what is in the coloured inks that your tattoo contains.\nSo if your tattoo is black, grey or red or a combination of these 3 colours it is easily removed, the more exotic the colour the greater the degree of difficulty.\nIt is common for a multi coloured tattoo to take between 12 and 20 treatments to be removed effectively. This equates to treatments every 6 weeks taking in total anywhere between 1½ to 2½ years.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.bloodservices.ca/centreapps/internet/uw_v502_mainengine.nsf/page/E_Hemoglobin", "date": "2015-01-25T12:14:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115899686.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161139-00049-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9279057383537292, "token_count": 2148, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__177143180", "lang": "en", "text": "What is hemoglobin?\nHemoglobin is an iron containing protein that makes red blood cells red. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from our lungs to the cells in our body.\nWhat are normal hemoglobin levels?\nIn women, normal hemoglobin ranges from 120 g/L to 160 g/L (12 g/dL to 16 g/dL). In men, normal hemoglobin levels range from 140 g/L to 180 g/L (14 g/dL to 18 g/dL).\nWhy is hemoglobin measured before each donation?\nThe hemoglobin screening test is done to make sure that it is safe for you to donate and that there are sufficient red cells for the person receiving your blood. Hemoglobin is checked before each donation using a drop of blood from your finger. For donors donating platelets by apheresis, a sample is taken from the first few drops of blood collected to measure hemoglobin.\nWhat hemoglobin level do I need to donate?\nHemoglobin must be at least 125 g/L (12.5 g/dL) to donate blood at Canadian Blood Services.\nI did not pass the fingerstick hemoglobin test – what does this mean?\nThere are a few possible reasons including:\n- Low iron stores. Iron is needed to make hemoglobin.\nCauses of low iron include:\n- Frequent blood donation\n- Low iron in your diet\n- For women, menstrual blood loss\n- More rarely, gradual bleeding in the digestive tract, such as stomach or colon\n- Normal variation; for some people, especially women, a slightly lower hemoglobin level is normal and not the result of any health problem\n- Sometimes the test may give a low estimate of the true amount of hemoglobin\nWhat should I do if I failed my hemoglobin screen?\nWe recommend that you see your doctor to check your hemoglobin and iron levels (ferritin). Your doctor will look into reasons why your hemoglobin is low and may suggest taking iron supplements.\nAll blood donors should eat an iron rich diet and consider taking a multivitamin with iron.\nCan I come back to donate if I failed my fingerstick hemoglobin?\nMost people who have a low hemoglobin are able to improve their iron level and hemoglobin count and successfully donate.\nIt can take 4 to 6 months to rebuild your iron stores. Your doctor can help you decide when it is safe for you to donate again.\nIf your doctor has started you on iron pills, you may return to donate 6 months after starting them, when your hemoglobin and iron levels are back to normal.\nWhat is iron and where do I get it from?\nIron is a mineral that is an important part of hemoglobin and other proteins in your body.\nYour body gets iron from your diet. You can also get iron by taking multivitamins that contain some iron supplementation. Finally, the most iron is found in iron supplements.\nIron is essential to make new red blood cells after blood donation. Extra iron is stored as ferritin.\nIs it possible to have normal hemoglobin but low iron?\nYes. You can have low amounts of iron with just enough to keep your hemoglobin level normal.\nWhat are the effects of low iron levels?\nIron deficiency does not always cause symptoms. Low iron stores can lead to fatigue and less exercise capacity. Some people have a craving for ice. As iron levels drop more, your hemoglobin level could drop and this can have a big impact on your energy level.\nDoes Canadian Blood Services measure my iron levels?\nCanadian Blood Services does not measure iron (ferritin) on every donation. However, starting in July 2014, Canadian Blood Services will be measuring ferritin in some selected donor clinics. Donors with low ferritin levels will be sent a letter with their results.\nI got a result from Canadian Blood Services telling me that my ferritin levels are low. What should I do now?\nWe recommend that you see your doctor. He or she can check if you need any other tests done, and advise you about iron supplements. A diet rich in iron is recommended for all blood donors. However, since your ferritin level is low, iron supplements would be helpful to build up your iron stores.\nYou don’t need a prescription to get iron supplements. You can talk to your pharmacist about starting over the counter iron supplements if you cannot make an appointment to see your doctor right away. We recommend that you speak to your doctor first, before starting iron supplements, if:\n- You have any gastrointestinal illness or symptoms, such as stomach ulcers, chronic constipation or diarrhea, or intestinal polyps.\n- You are taking aspirin or anti-inflammatory pills (such as Advil or ibuprofen) regularly.\n- You have family members with a history of colon cancer or polyps.\nYou should not take iron supplements if you have been diagnosed with hemochromatosis (iron overload) in the past.\nWho is at risk of iron deficiency?\nThe chance of developing iron deficiency is higher in donors who:\n- Had low iron levels before donation – iron levels are generally lower in women of child-bearing age.\n- Make frequent donations – women donating 2 or more times a year, men donating 3 or more times a year.\n- Have non-donation related blood loss, such as for women, heavy menstrual periods.\n- Have a diet low in iron.\n- Have medical conditions or surgery, which reduce the amount of iron the body can absorb.\nIron deficiency may be the result of more than one cause.\nHow can I improve my iron absorption?\nAlthough iron is found in many foods, some sources of iron are better absorbed by the body. Iron comes in 2 forms:\n- Heme iron, which is found in animal foods such as red meat, liver, veal, chicken, turkey, fish and seafood\n- Non-heme iron, which is less easily absorbed and is found in breakfast cereals fortified with iron, fortified breads and pasta, lentils, dried peas and beans, tofu, seeds and nuts, dried fruit, dark green leafy vegetables and eggs.\nI am taking iron, can I donate blood?\nIt depends why you are taking the supplements. If you have been told by your doctor that your iron reserves (ferritin) are low, or received a letter from Canadian Blood Services that your ferritin level is low, you can return to donate blood after you have taken iron supplements for at least 3 months, and your ferritin level has returned to normal, when remeasured by your doctor.\nIf you are taking iron supplements because your iron and your hemoglobin levels were low (iron deficiency anemia) you can return to donate after at least 6 months of taking iron supplements if your doctor has found that your hemoglobin and iron levels have returned to normal. If you are taking iron to prevent low iron stores, you can donate blood.\nI have been diagnosed with hemochromatosis – should I donate?\nPeople with hereditary hemochromatosis absorb too much iron from their diet. As long as there is no other reason why you cannot donate blood, regular blood donation can be both part of your treatment and help save lives. You can donate blood at Canadian Blood Services every 56 days. If you require phlebotomies more often than every 56 days, you can donate blood at least one week after a phlebotomy in your doctor’s office or outpatient clinic. More information can be found on the website of the Canadian Hemochromatosis Society (see related links).\nAdditional information for physicians – please see transfusionmedicine.ca, Iron status in Canadian Blood Services donors, for more information\nAll donors undergo hemoglobin screening prior to each donation, and will be deferred for 56 days if they do not meet the regulatory requirement for blood donation. Hemoglobin testing of whole blood donors is performed on a finger stick capillary blood sample using a portable hemoglobinometer. This method is less precise than a hemoglobin determination performed on a venepuncture sample and analysed in a laboratory. Low values may be obtained due to technical difficulties in obtaining a capillary sample, or measurement imprecision, rather than actual anemia. The regulatory requirement for whole blood donation in Canada is a minimum hemoglobin level of 125 g/L (12.5 g/dL).\nDonor iron stores\nApproximately 225 mg are lost with each whole blood donation of 525 ml. Female donors who donate 2 or more times a year, and male donors who donate 3 or more times a year are at higher risk of developing iron deficiency. We recommend measurement of ferritin in frequent blood donors, even if hemoglobin levels are normal. Iron supplementation and reduced frequency of donation may be indicated if iron stores are depleted. Additional investigations for underlying pathology may also be indicated, depending on a variety of factors, such as patient age and gender, symptoms or signs, and results of initial laboratory testing.\nDeferred female donors\nApproximately 10% of female donors do not meet hemoglobin criteria on a given donation attempt. Most of these individuals are iron deficient. These donors are advised to see their physicians in order to measure their ferritin levels and confirm the diagnosis of anemia on a venepuncture sample. If anemia is truly present, additional history and investigation may be indicated, and these individuals should be advised not to return to donate blood, unless the anemia is completely resolved and iron stores are adequate. Most of these individuals require a period of iron supplementation before resuming blood donation.\nDeferred male donors\nLess than 0.5% of male donors are deferred due to hemoglobin levels below the acceptability level of 125 g/L. As this is well below the normal hemoglobin level for males, these donors are advised to see their physicians in order to confirm the presence of anemia on a venepuncture sample. If anemia is confirmed, additional history and investigation may be indicated. In some cases, iron deficiency anemia may be related to extremely frequent blood donations. However, in other cases, underlying conditions leading to decreased iron absorption or gastrointestinal blood loss may be present. These individuals should be advised not to return to donate blood, unless investigations have been completed, anemia is resolved, and iron stores are adequate. Most of these individuals require iron supplementation before resuming blood donation.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bloombottles.com/efficiency-meets-quality-the-journey-of-pet-bottle-production/", "date": "2024-04-21T17:14:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00309.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.896222710609436, "token_count": 732, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__137044677", "lang": "en", "text": "In the world of packaging, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles stand out for their versatility, durability, and sustainability. At BLOOM BOTTLES, we take pride in our state-of-the-art manufacturing process that not only champions efficiency but also sets the gold standard for quality. Let’s dive into the fascinating journey of PET bottle production and the meticulous quality controls that ensure every bottle we produce is nothing short of perfect.\nThe Two-Step Method to Manufacturing Excellence\nThe production of PET bottles is an intricate dance between technology and precision, generally divided into a two-step method for its ability to scale production without compromising quality.\nStep 1: The Preform Stage – Injection Molding\nThe first step in our journey is the creation of the preform. Using high-quality PET pellets, we heat the material to a molten state, then inject it into molds that shape the preform – a test tube-like structure with a narrow neck. This stage sets the foundation for what will become a PET bottle.\nStep 2: Blow Molding – Giving Shape to Ideas\nOnce cooled, the preforms enter the blow molding stage where they’re heated to a soft, but shape-retaining state. High-pressure air then inflates the preform against the mold, stretching it into the final bottle shape, including the formation of the bottle mouth. The bottles are then cooled, becoming the robust containers ready for their mission.\nThis two-step process is a testament to our commitment to efficiency, enabling us to produce PET bottles in large volumes while maintaining the highest standards of quality.\nA Commitment to Quality at Every Step\nAt BLOOM BOTTLES, quality is more than a buzzword; it’s the essence of our production ethos. Here are the pillars of our quality control measures that ensure each PET bottle is a benchmark in packaging excellence:\nUncompromising Raw Material and Feeding Control\nOur journey begins with the strict inspection of PET pellets, ensuring they meet our high standards. We maintain a pristine feeding process to prevent any contamination, setting the stage for flawless production.\nPrecision in Production Process Control\nDuring both the injection molding and blow molding stages, we meticulously manage parameters like temperature, pressure, and timing. This ensures the consistency of preforms and bottles, ensuring uniformity in our production line.\nUpholding Preform and Bottle Standards\nOur standards for handling preforms and bottles are stringent. We ensure each preform and bottle is free from defects, contamination, and damage, maintaining the integrity of our products.\nEquipment Maintenance and Rigorous Quality Inspection\nThrough regular maintenance and calibration of our equipment, alongside both visual and automated bottle inspections, we guarantee the seamless operation of our production lines and the quality of our bottles.\nEnsuring Process Stability and Standardization\nReal-time monitoring and detailed operating procedures ensure the stability of our production process. This coupled with our adherence to international quality management systems like ISO 9001:2015, reaffirms our commitment to global quality standards.\nIn blending efficient production methods with rigorous quality control measures, BLOOM BOTTLES not only enhances the competitiveness of our PET bottles but also reinforces our dedication to meeting and exceeding market expectations. Our commitment to sustainability, reflected in the recyclability of PET, underscores our vision for a greener planet.\nAs we continue to innovate and refine our processes, our journey in the PET bottle production is one of continuous improvement, driven by our core values of efficiency, quality, and sustainability.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.wpca.sydney/delivery/netm/learners-take-a-micro-credential/practical-foundations-of-organic-chemistry/", "date": "2023-06-09T21:58:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656833.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609201549-20230609231549-00693.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9136022329330444, "token_count": 556, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__116376686", "lang": "en", "text": "Practical Foundations of Organic Chemistry\n[Beginning of recorded material]\nDr Aniss Chami:\nThe micro-credential titled Practical Foundations of Organic Chemistry, is focused on understanding the therapeutic claims of most ingredients used in Listed Medicines.\nThis allows us to work closely with marketeers and what the market really demands to understand what ailments need to be rectified with these unique ingredients.\nDr Gabrielle De Ruis:\nStarting from the basics, so we will talk about the most important and most common organic chemical functional groups that can be found for example, in products of botanic origin.\nWe will expand by introducing the importance of enzyme catalysed reactions.\nAnother topic we will cover is the importance of vitamins and the role they have.\nI think it's important to understand that the world is constantly changing, it's evolving and sometimes the simple understanding of only one aspect of the world might not be enough.\nThat's why I think that the interconnection between different disciplines and different subjects is fundamental to understand and to improve the world we are living in.\nDr Aniss Chami:\nFor me, I believe micro-credentials are going to become the link between someone graduating and entering the workforce.\nThrough NETM and the myriad of micro-credentials available to candidates, we are building a golden benchmark for the entire workforce.\nI would be motivating all my staff to be doing these micro-credentials because at the end of the day\nanyone working in a building that produces pharmaceutical products is expected to have some underlying understanding of what is required in terms of quality, production and operations to\ncontinually being effective and delivering the high quality premium product we produce.\n[End of recorded material]\nUniversity of Technology Sydney\nOrganic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. It is an important area in pharmaceutical production, as it enhances staff capability and capacity for businesses delving into new food production technologies and manufacturing approaches. This micro-credential prepares learners to engage in pharmaceutical manufacturing by delivering on the learning outcomes specified below.\n- Identify and describe the functional groups in botanical ingredients\n- Understand the different vitamins and their biological interaction with the body\n- Identify and explain the role of enzymes, catalysis and other lab procedures to isolate organic compounds for safe use in pharmaceutical manufacturing\nClick here for further information and to enrol in the Practical Foundations of Organic Chemistry micro-credential", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://hairandhairalone.com/haircare/the-water-from-your-shower-may-be-messing-up-your-hair", "date": "2023-12-11T14:59:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00069.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.928542971611023, "token_count": 473, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__30197742", "lang": "en", "text": "When you attempt to evaluate what products work best for your hair, the one factor you may be leaving out is the water coming right out of your showerhead!\nThat’s right. Not all water has the same effect on the hair. If your hair is dull, dry or lacks volume no matter what products you use, then the water from your tap could be hard water. Hard Water Hair Issues\nHard water contains mineral deposits that can leave hair looking dull, dry and limp. In addition, the minerals in hard water can also make color-treated hair look brassy and fade more quickly. To find out if you do indeed have hard water, you can purchase test strips from your local hardware store or an online retailer, such as Amazon\nIf you do indeed have hard water, then the best way to protect your hair is to purchase a showerhead filter, such as this one\n. It may cost a bit, but it will probably save you money in the long run by preventing you from wasting money on seemingly ineffectual hair products! As a bonus, a showerhead filter will also remove chlorine from your water, also widely known to dull hair color and dry out hair. Another Option\nDon’t want to bother with a showerhead filter??\nThere is another option to help lessen the effects of hard water buildup–add a clarifying shampoo to your hair care routine every couple of weeks. Unlike other shampoos, a clarifying shampoo is designed to specifically remove any type of buildup from the hair. Regularly using a clarifying shampoo won’t completely solve the hard water issue, but it will lesson buildup.\nWe like to use an all-natural clarifying solution made with apple cider vinegar. Just pour one-part vinegar and one-part water into a spray bottle and shake a bit to mix. After shampooing your hair, spritz hair well with the vinegar mixture and let it sit for a few minutes before rinsing well. Not only will the mix remove buildup and add shine, but the vinegar also helps to balance natural pH levels, add softness, smooth tangles and closes the hair cuticle to reduce frizz. Your hair will be so smooth you may even want to skip your conditioner! Also, don’t worry–the vinegar smell does not linger!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://trackchairclips.com/organic-fertilizer-pellet-making-machine/", "date": "2023-03-31T18:14:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949678.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331175950-20230331205950-00295.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9073811173439026, "token_count": 1330, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__57852292", "lang": "en", "text": "Efficient organic fertilizer pellet making machine line\nThe organic fertilizer pellet making machine production line is suitable for dry mixing of multiple basic fertilizers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by physical methods to make blended fertilizers in which multiple fertilizers and unit fertilizers coexist. Preparation of 3-6 kinds of materials; according to different crops and soil conditions in different regions, modify the formula to produce different BB fertilizer products.\n1. Main features of organic fertilizer pellet machine line:\n(1) Accurate batching: The batching system is computer-controlled and electronically weighed. According to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and additives in a 50kg bag of BB fertilizer, each meter is independently measured according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and additives. Different organic fertilizer pellet making machine line designs are more scientific and reasonable, and the ratio is strictly controlled, and the batching accuracy can reach ±0.2%.\n(2)Uniform mixing: Due to the single-bag mixing, the special internal screw mechanism and three-dimensional structure are used for material mixing and output, which not only prevents the shunting phenomenon of the finished product after mixing due to the different specific gravity and particle size of the fertilizer raw materials, but also does not damage the material.\nThe original particle shape, high mixing uniformity. The material is fed and discharged quickly, which effectively improves product quality and market competitiveness.\n(3) Accurate packaging: the mixed fertilizer fills the material into the packaging bag according to the set weight, and sends it to the sewing machine station through the conveyor, and automatically folds and sews the bag to complete the quantitative packaging process, and the packaging accuracy can reach ±0.2 %.\n(4) Special process: The special anti-vibration device ensures accurate measurement and can work stably under more complex working conditions. The re-inspection conveying sewing machine is used to carry out secondary measurement and detection of the weight of each bag of products.\n(5) Advanced technology: Combined with advanced organic fertilizer pellet making machine technology at home and abroad, the mixing speed of ingredients is fast, the contact time with air is short, and the phenomenon of fertilizer absorbing water and returning moisture is not easy to occur.\n(6) Simple and practical: The organic fertilizer pellet making machine instrument is easy to operate and easy to use. It can store multiple recipes, set it at any time as needed, and is automatically controlled by an electronic control device.\n2. Introduction of organic fertilizer pellet making machine\nThe extrusion organic fertilizer pellet making machine is a new type of equipment developed and produced by our company on the basis of the original twin-roll extrusion granulation based on years of production experience. The roller extrusion organic fertilizer pellet making machine can be widely used in the fertilizer processing industry, feed production units and chemical industry to granulate and process powder materials.\n(1) Features of organic fertilizer pellet machine:\n- This organic fertilizer pellet making machine is produced by no drying process, granulating at room temperature, and forming at one time.\n- It has the characteristics of less investment and good economic benefits.\n- The structure of this organic fertilizer pellet making machine adopts granulation, forming and screening as a whole, which makes it have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, simple operation and low energy consumption.\n- The main parts such as the roller body are made of a new type of metal with anti-corrosion, wear-resistant and impact-resistant characteristics.\nAmong them, the MZLH model organic fertilizer pellet making machine not only has the above characteristics, but our company has also upgraded the frame part. The bearing frame body is made of anti-corrosion casting as an integral part, so that it has the characteristics of stability, which can greatly improve the stability of rolling bearings and large shafts. service life.\n- The transmission part of the organic fertilizer pellet making machine adopts the double input transmission mode, which not only improves the input power ratio, but also ensures the lubrication and sealing performance of the transmission gear.\n- The roller extrusion organic fertilizer pellet making machine has the advantages of compact structure, good stability, good sealing, low noise, convenient operation and maintenance, etc.!\n- Wide adaptability of raw materials, the machine can not only be used for granulation in fertilizer, feed and chemical industries, but also has good applicability especially for rare earth, metallurgy, coal, biological preparations, and environmental protection projects.\n- To some extent, it fills the domestic blank, ranks at the forefront of the country, and is also a promotion project of environmental protection projects!\n(2) Working principle of fertilizer pelletizer\nThe working principle of this series of roller extrusion organic fertilizer pellet mill is that the pulley is driven by the motor, and the transmission belt is transmitted to a pair of two high-pressure roller bodies with sliding mold shells through the reducer for relative work.\nThe two rollers of the MZLH organic fertilizer pellet making machine interact with each other by a set of split gears. The two rollers of the organic fertilizer pellet making machine are directly driven by the two output shafts on a special reducer to work. purpose of extrusion.\nDuring organic fertilizer pellet making machine production, the raw materials enter the feed hopper, are relatively extruded by the high-pressure roller body, and flow to the crushing and forming studio at the lower part of the roller body after demoulding.\nThe power for crushing and forming is driven by the sprocket of the active pressing roller through the chain to a pair of crushing rollers for relative movement. After crushing and screening in the working room, the finished particles pass through the screen to the discharge chute and flow out of the organic fertilizer pellet making machine.\n(3) Structure of fertilizer maker machine\n- Frame part: All workpieces of the organic fertilizer pellet making machine are installed on the frame!\n- Transmission connection parts include: motor, pulley, V-belt, reducer, chain, sprocket, coupling.\n- Machine head part: including bearing frame, a pair of high-pressure die roll skins, two shafts, etc.\n- Crushing studio: The organic fertilizer pellet making machine is composed of crushing roller bearing frame, crushing roller, screen and so on.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://rishika.livepositively.com/water-softener-package-in-ireland/", "date": "2024-04-16T10:13:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817081.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416093441-20240416123441-00029.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9378628134727478, "token_count": 729, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__115675797", "lang": "en", "text": "In the pursuit of a healthier and more comfortable lifestyle, the importance of water quality cannot be underestimated. Water is not just a basic need; It is the essence of life itself. However, the water flowing into our homes often contains minerals such as calcium and magnesium, which can cause water hardness problems. Fortunately, Euro Water Solution in Ireland is introducing an innovative water softener package in Ireland designed to address these concerns and provide homes with high quality softened water.\nHard Water Softener\nHard water, characterized by its high mineral content, can have harmful effects on equipment and skin.From limescale buildup in pipes and appliances to dry, irritated skin, the effects of hard water are widespread. Euro Water Solution understands these challenges and offers a comprehensive solution tailored to the needs of Irish households.\nAt the heart of Euro Water Solution's water softener package is state-of-the-art technology that effectively removes minerals that cause water hardness. Using advanced ion exchange processes, the system efficiently replaces calcium and magnesium ions with sodium ions, resulting in softened water that is gentle on both equipment and skin.\nFeatures of the Euro Water Solution Package\nOne of the most notable features of the Euro Water Solution package is its user-friendly design.The installation is seamless and experienced technicians ensure hassle-free setup and integration into your home's existing water supply system. Additionally, the system operates quietly and requires minimal maintenance, providing homeowners with convenience and peace of mind.\nWater Softener Filter\nBeyond the immediate benefits of softened water, the Euro Water Solution package also contributes to long-term savings. By preventing limescale buildup on appliances such as water heaters, washing machines and dishwashers, the system extends their lifespan and reduces the need for costly repairs or replacements. In addition, softened water improves the efficiency of soaps and detergents, resulting in lower consumption and lower household costs over time.Environmental sustainability is another important aspect of Euro Water Solution's approach. By investing in a water softener package, households can significantly reduce their environmental footprint. The efficient operation of the system minimizes water waste and energy consumption and is consistent with Ireland's commitment to conservation and green living.\nEuro Water Solution's commitment to customer satisfaction extends beyond the initial installation. With responsive customer support and reliable after-sales service, homeowners can rest assured that their water softener package will continue to perform exceptionally for years to come.Regular maintenance checks and periodic maintenance also ensure the longevity and optimal functionality of the system.\nWater Softener Package\nIn addition to its practical benefits, the Euro Water Solution water softener package contributes to the overall well-being of homes. Softened water not only feels softer on the skin, but also makes the hair softer and easier to comb after showering. In addition, the absence of limescale residue on kitchen and bathroom utensils simplifies the cleaning routine, freeing up time for more pleasant activities.\nAs Ireland continues to emphasize sustainable living and environmental protection, Euro Water Solution's water softener package proves to be a contemporary solution for modern homes. By investing in water quality improvement efforts, homeowners not only improve their daily lives, but also contribute to broader efforts to conserve natural resources for future generations.\nIn summary, Euro Water Solution's water softener package in Ireland offers a comprehensive solution to Ireland's hard water problems. From the innovative technology and user-friendly design to the long-term savings and environmental benefits, the package represents a smart investment for households looking to improve water quality and overall well-being. With Euro Water Solution every home in Ireland has access to softer, healthier water.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ghcl.co.in/chemicals", "date": "2024-04-23T23:55:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818835.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423223805-20240424013805-00625.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9321570992469788, "token_count": 202, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__147226749", "lang": "en", "text": "GHCL’s Soda ash manufacturing facility located at Sutrapada, Gujarat, is one of India’s leading producers of Soda Ash (Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate) and has an annual production capacity of 1.2 Million Tonnes per annum. It contributes to almost 25% of the country’s annual domestic demand. It has a clear competitive advantage due to its captive raw material sources. Its lignite mines located at Khadsaliya in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat supply the raw material needed for the production of Soda ash.\nLimestone mines at Sutrapada,Veraval and Talala Taluka of Gir-Somnath district have an average production 45 MT to 500 MT per day of chemical grade limestone.\nGHCL Soda Ash is available in 2 categories-Light Soda Ash, Dense Soda Ash. It also produces Sodium Bicarbonate and these products are marketed in India under the brand name ‘LION’.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://globalcarehospital.com/departments-global-care-hospital/laboratory/", "date": "2023-11-29T08:42:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100057.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129073519-20231129103519-00291.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8867753148078918, "token_count": 364, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__213089", "lang": "en", "text": "Our laboratories are a vivid picture of the most accurate sense of technological development: The service is provided via barcode system so as to avoid human errors, from defining references, through stages of laboratory work, till obtaining the final results. Our laboratory applies the latest automatic laboratory systems, including separation, preparation and storage system called Roche Modular Pre-Analytics System so as to ensure higher accuracy in the results of laboratory tests in a complete automated process. In addition, the laboratory provides the possibility of analyzing 300 samples at the same time and entering new samples during examination, up to 400 samples per hour. The system works on reducing the required number of samples withdrawn from the patient by 75% and preparing, separating, and sending samples with a higher speed within 10 minutes only.\nMoreover, our laboratory has a Point of Care System which provides all emergent tests to critical cases in Emergency, Operations, and General and Cardiac ICU Sections to help the medical staff making the quick and right therapeutic decision along with automatic documentation of test results.\nLaboratory examinations include:\n- All types of accurate laboratory tests such as:\n- Routine tests (liver functions – kidney functions – Lipid profile – Diabetes)\n- Tests for monitoring levels of hormones, vitamins, viruses and cancer indicators .\n- Tests of sexually transmitted diseases\n- Tests of autoimmune diseases\n- Anemia tests, genetic anemia tests, complete blood screening, reticulocytes test, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and coagulation disorders.\n- Diagnostic microbiology tests such as bacteria, fungi and parasites\n- Vital partial diagnostic tests for PCR assay, hepatitis viruses (B-C), AIDS and others\n- Detection of bacterial and viral antibodies\n- TB tests\n- Nucleic Acid Tests (NAT) of blood units", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dizsad.ru/ce-emc-lvd-fcc-ozoniser-for-wastewater-treatment/", "date": "2018-09-21T16:26:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267157216.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921151328-20180921171728-00174.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8948588371276855, "token_count": 2089, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__163403577", "lang": "en", "text": "The global chemical and petroleum industries have always had the challenge of disposing of chemical wastes, by-products, and residuals, but with traditional techniques such as deep well injection and incineration proving flawed, the need for disposal by legal, safe and economically effective means has never been greater. Increasingly, the need to produce without pollution is the preferred model for industry, and the strategy of waste minimization is seen as the best way forward. This is particularly relevant in the petrochemical and chemical industries, where large quantities of hazardous and toxic wastes are produced which can pose formidable disposal problems. Covering the essentials of treatment, recovery and disposal of waste, as well as the requirements for process design and engineering of equipment and facilities in the chemical and petroleum industries, this book includes chapters on: Wastewater Treatment Physical Unit Operations Chemical Treatment Biological Treatment Wastewater Treatment in Unconventional Oil and Gas Industries Wastewater Sewer Systems Sewage Treatment Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal Primarily aimed at researchers and advanced students in chemical, petroleum, and environmental fields as well as those in civil engineering, this book should also provide a unique reference for industry practitioners and anyone interested in chemical and petroleum waste treatment and disposal.\nExplains the fundamental theory and mathematics of water and wastewater treatment processes By carefully explaining both the underlying theory and the underlying mathematics, this text enables readers to fully grasp the fundamentals of physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. Throughout the book, the authors use detailed examples to illustrate real-world challenges and their solutions, including step-by-step mathematical calculations. Each chapter ends with a set of problems that enable readers to put their knowledge into practice by developing and analyzing complex processes for the removal of soluble and particulate materials in order to ensure the safety of our water supplies. Designed to give readers a deep understanding of how water treatment processes actually work, Water Quality Engineering explores: Application of mass balances in continuous flow systems, enabling readers to understand and predict changes in water quality Processes for removing soluble contaminants from water, including treatment of municipal and industrial wastes Processes for removing particulate materials from water Membrane processes to remove both soluble and particulate materials Following the discussion of mass balances in continuous flow systems in the first part of the book, the authors explain and analyze water treatment processes in subsequent chapters by setting forth the relevant mass balance for the process, reactor geometry, and flow pattern under consideration. With its many examples and problem sets, Water Quality Engineering is recommended as a textbook for graduate courses in physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. By drawing together the most recent research findings and industry practices, this text is also recommended for professional environmental engineers in search of a contemporary perspective on water and wastewater treatment processes.\nThis monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.\nNew edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.\nA comprehensive guide to sludge management, reuse, and disposal When wastewater is treated, reducing organic material to carbon dioxide, water, and bacterial cells—the cells are disposed of, producing a semisolid and nutrient-rich byproduct called sludge. The expansion in global population and industrial activity has turned the production of excess sludge into an international environmental challenge, with the ultimate disposal of excess sludge now one of the most expensive problems faced by wastewater facilities. Written by two leading environmental engineers, Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies offers a comprehensive look at cutting-edge techniques for reducing sludge production, converting sludge into a value-added material, recovering useful resources from sludge, and sludge incineration. Reflecting the impact of new stringent environmental legislation, this book offers a frank appraisal of how sludge can be realistically managed, covering key concerns and the latest tools: Fundamentals of biological processes for wastewater treatment, wastewater microbiology, and microbial metabolism, essential to understanding how sludge is produced Prediction of primary sludge and waste-activated sludge production, among the chief design and operational challenges of a wastewater treatment plant Technologies for sludge reduction, with a focus on reducing microbial growth yield as well as enhancing sludge disintegration The use of anerobic digestion of sewage sludge for biogas recovery, in terms of process fundamentals, design, and operation The use of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for the sustainable treatment of organic wastes and electrical energy recovery\nEnsuring safe and plentiful supplies of potable water (both now and for future generations) and developing sustainable treatment processes for wastewater are among the world’s greatest engineering challenges. However, sustainability requires investment of money, time and knowledge. Some parts of the world are already working towards this goal but many nations have neither the political will nor the resources to tackle even basic provision and sanitation. Combining theory and practice from the developing and developed worlds with high- and low-tech, high- and low-cost solutions, this book discusses fundamental and advanced aspects of water engineering and includes: water resource issues including climate change, water scarcity, economic and financial aspects requirements for sustainable water systems fundamentals of treatment and process design industrial water use and wastewater treatment sustainable effluent disposal sustainable construction principles With integrated theory, design and operation specifications for each treatment process, this book addresses the extent to which various treatment methods work in theory as well as how cost effective they are in practice. It provides a nontechnical guide on how to recover and reuse water from effluent, which is suitable for those in water resource management, environmental planning, civil and chemical engineering.\nПереходник Vention H380HDFA предназначен для преобразования разъема HDMI 19M в разъем HDMI 19F. Он имеет пропускную способность до 10,2 Гб/сек. Продукция компании Vention соответствует следующим сертификатам: RoHS, CE, FCC, TIA, ISO.Поддержка: HDMI v1.4Тип оболочки: ПВХМатериал проводника: чистая бескислородная медь\nПрименение: Внешний интерфейсный кабель для синхронизации, передачи данных, а также зарядке периферийных(мобильных) устройств и их компонентов с разъемом USB и USB micro B. Продукция соответствует следующим сертификатам: RoHS, CE, FCC, TIA, ISO", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.codiagro.com/en/agropotasion-3/hidrostress-40/", "date": "2019-06-20T15:43:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999261.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620145650-20190620171650-00491.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.799953818321228, "token_count": 214, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__211719136", "lang": "en", "text": "Natural product against plant stress.\nHIDROSTRESS-40® is a neutral potassium carboxylate based product, very rich in natural betaine from “beta vulgaris”. This gives the product an osmoprotective synergic effect that prevents certain physiopathies related to osmotic imbalance and plant stress.\n-Improving nutrient absorption from the roots.\n-Increasing resistance to high or low temperatures and salinity. Browning of bananas in the cold.\n-Reducing the splitting or cracking of fruit when these types of imbalances occur.\n-Avoiding flower abortion at times of high abiotic stress.\n-Improving and producing a more homogenous colouring of fruits.\nDOSAGE AND DIRECTIONS\nPrimarily intended for foliar application on all crops.\nHorticultural foliar dose: 3-5 litres/ha\nFruit and vine foliar dose: 4-8 litres/ha\nThrough irrigation: we recommend using CODIORGAN-GLB®", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.thatlittleshophk.com/products/ceradan-sanitizer", "date": "2024-02-23T17:20:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474440.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223153350-20240223183350-00792.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8353001475334167, "token_count": 289, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__84586358", "lang": "en", "text": "💡Ceradan® Hand Lotion Sanitiser is a high-performance hand lotion sanitiser that protects your hands against harmful germs and moisturises with ceramide-dominant essential skin lipids to maintain a healthy skin protective barrier. pH 5.5, hypoallergenic and free from colourant and fragrance. Suitable for all skin types, including eczema-prone, dry and sensitive skin.\nCeramide-dominant 3:1:1 essential skin lipids ratio to maintain the skin’s protective barrier.\nAlcohol-based to eliminate up to 99.9% of germs (e.g. bacteria, viruses and fungi)\npH 5.5 helps to prevent pH spike and protects the skin’s natural lipids\nAll skin types\nAll age groups\nHow to Use:\nApply on palms, rub hands thoroughly till dry.\nNet Weight: 50ml\nCountry of Origin: Singapore\nStorage: For external use only, please store in a cool place at room temperature\nDisclaimer: The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.alkavitae.es/Measuring-your-ph-value", "date": "2022-08-14T07:09:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571996.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814052950-20220814082950-00565.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9322310090065002, "token_count": 427, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__113192641", "lang": "en", "text": "Measuring your pH value\nTo stay healthy, the body uses a wide range of regulating systems. One of these is the acid-alkaline system, which is essential to good health. An acid-alkaline imbalance (acidification) can be measured (approximately) relatively easily in urine using pH test strips.\nThe first measurement is used as the zero measurement. You can then monitor the progress of your acidity level by taking a new measurement every two weeks.\nDecide on a test day and drink only water after 8 pm the evening before the test. Measure the acidity of your urine three times on the test day. Use your morning urine, which is the first urine after 6 in the morning.\nImmerse the pH test strip in your morning urine for one second. It is important to do the measurement as quickly as possible because the acidity level of the urine can be influenced by the reaction with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air. Now compare the colours on the test strip with the colour chart on the box to determine your pH value.\nTo obtain a realistic idea of your acidity level, a minimum of three test days in a row is necessary. We recommend starting the test day by measuring your morning urine and then measuring again in the afternoon and early evening.\nBy recording the pH values measured, you can calculate your average daily values by adding up the three measurements and dividing this by three. After the three test days, you add up the three average daily values and divide this total by three. The result is the average pH value for the three consecutive test days.\nNote that the pH value of morning urine is often the most acidic because the body processes more acid waste at night.\nThe result of the average pH value for the three consecutive test days can be interpreted as follows:\n- Average pH value between 6.5 and 7.0 = No significant acidification\n- Average pH value between 5.5 and 6.5 = Moderate acidification\n- Average pH value between 4.5 and 5.5 = High degree of acidification", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.nkdtan.com/faq/", "date": "2019-02-18T10:53:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484928.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218094308-20190218120308-00051.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9264700412750244, "token_count": 5723, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__67356587", "lang": "en", "text": "What is mobile Airbrush Tanning?\nAirbrush Tanning is one of the most beautiful and natural ways of tanning your body with out the harm of the sun. Your NKDTAN Technician will come to your house, work or even on location for special events. NKDTAN uses Norvell®, a state of the art Airbrush tanning system to apply your customized spray tan (three different levels of colour are available). You will be given the most natural looking UV free tan available. NKDTAN’s products are top of the line, the best quality tanning solutions on the market containing DHA that are safe and approved by the FDA.\nNKDTAN’s tanning machine provides a fine mist, and an even flow to create an even tan every time, leaving your skin streak free!! Airbrush tan is a weightless body mist and is NOT as heavy as a spray tan!\nHow does an Airbrush tan work?\nThe ingredient that tans your skin is dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA is an ingredient derived from sugar cane and beets, which reacts with the amino acids in the skin.The action of DHA is limited to the upper layer of the skin and involves a reaction between DHA and skin proteins and oxygen that produces brown compounds. This process is similar to what occurs when you slice open an apple and the surface of the apple browns when it is exposed to the oxygen in the air. This reaction will continues to darken for up to 16-18 hours (depending on the individual).\nThe development of colour takes anywhere from 2 to 4 hours and the intensity of colour is dependent upon the DHA concentration in the product as well as each tanner’s individual skin characteristics. The colour developed by the DHA usually lasts 5 to 10 days and begins to fade as the top layer of the skin naturally exfoliates.\nThe Airbrush tan does not make your skin or your skin cells darker in pigmentation; the immediate colour you see when your tan is applied is a colour guide or cosmetic bronzer that helps me not miss any sections and allows you to instantly see your tan. When DHA is applied to the skin; a brown “tan” forms in about 4-6 hours and continues to darken for approximately 16-18 hours. The colour of your sunless tan is completely individual. Nothing is absolute when it comes to the variations of skin types, colouration, how long it will last or how dark you can get. Every skin type is different and this is the reason I use averages. The colour you achieve is a perfect blend of your natural skin tone along with the reaction of the DHA. The tan becomes water-resistant, however exposure to high levels of abrasive soaps, detergent filled body washes and the chlorine in swimming pools is discouraged. Exposure to such factors will expedite the natural process of exfoliation which takes on average 4-6 days.\nHow did sunless tanning start?\nDihydroxyacetone (DHA) was first used as an active ingredient during research on the treatment of diabetics, some of whom tolerated DHA better than glucose. However, in 1957 the tanning properties of DHA were discovered in a children’s hospital. DHA was administered orally as a treatment for a childhood glycogen storage disease. However, some children were drooling and spitting up the mixture when the doctor noticed brown spots developing on the skin. The doctor experimented by rubbing the mixture on her own skin and she tanned as well. The first scientific papers on DHA were published in 1960. Since these studies, DHA’s physicochemical properties, tanning mechanics and skin tolerance have been further explored, resulting in an improved method of application, and a more uniform and natural-looking tan. DHA is not absorbed through the skin into the body and it has no known toxicity.\nIs Airbrush Tanning safe?\nYes! DHA has been approved for cosmetic use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Canadian Health Ministry and most of the EU member nations. It is considered nontoxic and non-carcinogenic. DHA based Sunless tanning has been recommended by the Skin Cancer Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, Canadian Dermatology Association, The American Cancer Society and the American Medical Association.\nDHA is restricted to external application only. DHA is not recommended for contact to areas of the body surface covered by mucous membrane such as lips, eyes and nostrils. If desired, proper eye, nose & mouth protection are available. Chap stick on the lips during your spray tan sessions is advised.\nThe Norvell® tanning solution has been extensively tested and is very safe and all skin types.\nShould I wear a filtering mask when spraying?\nNorvell® sunless solutions contain no known toxins or allergens. It is a food grade product that has no known detrimental effects on the body. However, as with ANY substance, repeated exposure to, or inhalation of, airborne matter may cause irritation or discomfort. It is recommended that people who will be using the product on a daily basis should wear some sort of air filtering mask to reduce contact.\nHow long does an Airbrush Tanning session take?\nIt takes approximately 10 minutes per person; 20 minutes for a “Double Dip”. Your Privé Tanning Technician Hollie, will take the time that we need to make sure your spray tan is perfect. So for Tanning Parties, please plan accordingly to accommodate all of your guests.\nWhat are the benefits of getting an Airbrush tan applied professionally as opposed to DIY?\nWhen you DIY it is not only hard to reach your back and the back of your legs, it is also hard to tell whether you have applied the lotion, cream or spray consistently. DIY options can be ok after many trials of turning orange from using products that react badly with your skin, getting streaky results and missing patches.\nWith a professional Airbrush tan, your NKDTAN Technician, Hollie will be able to evenly and quickly apply a solution that will work well with your skin.\nWhat is the difference between a custom Airbrush tan & a Booth spray tan?\nBooth spray tans and custom spray tans are the most popular ways to get a full body spray tan. Spray tan booths usually spray your entire body in about 3 minutes. This is a quick way to obtain a tan, but the results are usually far from flawless. Booth sprays tans distribute the same amount of solution to each area of the body so there is no customization. Typically faces end up too dark and legs are not dark enough. Tiny, freckled looking spots are usually visible after a booth spray as well. It is highly recommended that spending a little extra money on a custom spray tan because the results will be drastic. A custom Airbrush tan is the closest thing you can get to a flawless, natural-looking glow. Your Prive Tanning Technician, Hollie will customize each spray to your desire. Whether you are looking for a light, even looking, sun-kissed tone or want certain areas of your body darker than others to hide imperfections, Hollie will customize each area of your body to your liking. Every appointment will start with a full-body consultation.\nWhy not just use a regular tanning bed?\nAccording to the Skin Cancer Foundation, tanning with UV light can lead to premature skin aging (wrinkles, lax skin, brown spots, and more), as well as skin cancer. Unlike Tanning beds, Airbrush tans are not in any way, harmful for your skin. Plus an Airbrush tan provides instant colour in the comfort of your own home! When applied correctly, your tan will not leave you red or peeling. Even stretch marks, cellulite, and bruises look much better after a spray tan!\nIs Airbrush tanning messy?\nNo. A 7” x 4” x 4” spray tan tent and extraction fan will be set up in your home. The HVLP sprayer produces a very precise spray and any over spray is caught in the tent and extraction fan. There is a faint smell of almond and raspberries, and that is all.\nIs it OK for people of any age to spray tan?\nYes it is. However, a signature is require and presence of the parent or guardian for those under 18. Also, it is required they are clothed in either swim trunks for males or bikini for females (or equivalent clothing).\nHow do I prepare for an Airbrush session?\nFor the maximum result, before your session, SHOWER and EXFOLIATE the skin. Your skin MUST be clean from all lotions, oils, perfumes, deodorants or any product on the skin that would create a barrier or cause the tan to develop unevenly and remove all jewellery. These items act as barriers and can even turn your tan green. For more details, please see my Pre and Post Tan section.\nCan I wear deodorant, moisturizer or makeup before my Airbrush tan?\nNo. Many deodorants will stop spray tanning solution going through. Some others will turn the armpits green. Few moisturizers and makeup products can act as a barrier, not letting the full amount of the solution to attach itself to the skin.\nWhen should I exfoliate?\nYou should exfoliate before every sunless session. Using a mild shower gel/exfoliant can be done one day prior to the session. You should allow at least 8 hours between body scrub use and the Airbrush tanning session. If you have extremely dry skin, or problem areas it is recommended using a salt scrub. If using salt scrub, this must be done 24-48 hours prior to the session, otherwise the oils within the salt scrub will effect the sunless results.\nShould I wax or shave before or after I get an Airbrush tan?\nWhether you shave or wax is completely up to you, both should be done before the application of the tan. Ideally shaving should be done at least 8 hours before and waxing at least the day before. When waxing ensure that all wax is removed otherwise the tan will stick to the wax and will appear very dark where the wax has not been removed.\nYou will be sprayed with the solution containing cosmetic bronzer so it is best to shave or wax one or two days before, as the bronzer gets into the newly created pores and can give you “spotty” look. Shaving after the application will take off some of your tan with the hair, so shave when you really need to and ensure that your blade is sharp.\nDo I have to be naked?\nYou may wear whatever you feel comfortable in whether you wear nothing, underwear, a g-string or your swimming suit is completely up to you. Disposable thongs are available in which you can use if you would feel more comfortable. You may also want to take into account clothing that you will be wearing over the next few days. For example, if you are getting a tan for a special occasion and want to wear a bra during your tan session, then think about the style of dress you will be wearing. If you want to wear a strapless dress, you want to wear a strapless bra to avoid tan lines. Ensure any clothing that is worn immediately after the application of the tan is dark in colour to prevent the risk of staining it. After your tan wear loose preferably cotton clothing.\nWill I see instant results?\nYes! You will receive an immediate, all natural looking tan that will continue to develop and become darker over the next 6 to 12 hours. The immediate colour you see when your tan is applied is a cosmetic bronzer. The cosmetic bronzer is a water-soluble colour that is immediately visible during the session and it will wash off during the first shower. The DHA bronze tan beneath. Ingredients used in sunless cosmetic bronzers are similar to those used in cosmetic foundations or bronzing powders. Some of the bronze colour may rub off on clothing or bed sheets but will come out in the wash. If you prefers darker initial results, a darker cosmetic effect can be made by adding Wonder Drops™ to the solution prior to the session.\nHow long does a spray tan take to dry?\nNorvell® Solution should dry enough to re-dress in 8-12 minutes. This time can be reduced by “blow drying” the skin. Keep in mind the the tan needs to “set”, and the process will take about an hour. It is best to wear loose fitting clothes and flip flops after your session, to make sure nothing rubs off.\nWill I be sticky after being sprayed?\nIt is normal for there to be a slight sticky feel immediately following the session. Norvell® solutions are formulated to be the fastest drying formula available. You should feel completely dry and non-tacky within 8-12 minutes following the application.\nHow many days will an Airbrush Tan last?\nSkin naturally wants to shed its top layer on average every 7 days depending on the shape it’s in. The more hydrated and moisturized it is, the longer a tan will last. Typically a spray tan will last anywhere from 5-10 days. Exfoliating prior to a sunless tanning application and keeping skin moisturized afterwards are essential. Sunless tan-extending products with a light self-tanning bronzer, like Jergen’s Natural Glow, help hydrate skin and maintain even, natural-looking colour longer.\nWill an Airbrush Tan come off on my clothes?\nTo minimize the chance of the cosmetic bronzer transferring to clothing, it is recommended that you wear loose-fitting, darker clothes after your spray session, ensure that you have the tan applied the day before you wear any light clothing and remember to shower twice to ensure the cosmetic bronzer has washed off. Try to refrain from physical exertion that could result in you sweating until you shower and wash off the cosmetic bronzer.\nWill the Airbrush solution stain my hair?\nMost people will not see any affect on the colour of their hair. If you have light blonde, gray or platinum hair you may see some discolouration from the cosmetic bronzers initially, however, this colour will wash out with the first shower after the session. If you prefer you can wear a hair cap, but it is not necessary.\nHow long should I wait after the Airbrush Tan before I shower?\nAirbrush tanning solutions take about 16 hours to fully develop. You will receive the best results if you can avoid bathing until the day after their sunless session. If you must bathe, you should wait a minimum of 8 hours after the application. Showering any sooner will diminish the intensity of the tan.\nIf showering prior to the 16 hour post application recommendation, a simple rinse with water only, is best. Soap destroys DHA. Delayed bathing allows the DHA bronzer sufficient time to complete its reaction with the amino acids (proteins) within the skin.\nWhy is keeping skin moisturized essential to maintain great sunless results?\nIt is important to keep skin moisturized after sunless tanning as dry, flaky skin will slough off faster and colour will fade sooner. You basically want to slow down your body’s natural exfoliation process.\nWhat about the after-odour often associated with sunless tanning?\nNorvell® uses the newest technology in odour inhibitors to encapsulate the odour causing agents commonly associated with DHA products. They then blend the fragrance with DHA in a manor which allows the pleasant fragrance of raspberry and almonds to come through, eliminating the dreaded “sunless smell”.\nHow can I prevent patchy or uneven wear-off?\nA daily application of a colour extending moisturizer will extend the look of the tan. This bronzing booster will also reduce the appearance of uneven wear and patchiness.\nGradual self tanning moisturizers like Jergens Natural Glow™ contain low levels of DHA bronzer to extend the look of any sunless tan.\nWill I turn orange or have streaks?\nDefinitely NOT! All Norvell® Products have perfectly blended their solutions to give you that “just off the beach” look and will transition smoothly into the DHA colour that will later develop.\nThe “orange” colour, as it is sometime called, is the result of high pH levels within the skin. A professional spray tan with modern tanning agents avoids this, and streakiness is caused by improper application of home tanning creams and sprays – which is why you should always let a professional (like Hollie) apply your tan. Prior to your application, Hollie will spray you with Norvell® xLaTan™ pH Balancing prep spray to balance your skin’s pH levels. Privé guarantee a streak free and natural looking tan that you will never have to rub in or be bothered with. Make sure to exfoliate before your service and follow the instructions!\nHow long after Airbrush tanning should I wait to enjoy a pool/spa/ocean?\nIt is recommended to avoid these situations for the first 48 hours following your spray tan. Chlorinated pools & spas can increase the rate in which the skin exfoliates causing the tan to wear and fade.\nIs it okay to get an Airbrush tan if pregnant or nursing?\nTypically, it is safe to use tanning lotion while you are pregnant however do consult with your physician before your visit. The active ingredient Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a three-carbon sugar that is non-toxic and therefore is not harmful to you or your baby. DHA works by interacting with your dead skin cells to produce brown pigment called melanoidin. DHA does not go beyond this layer of cells and is not absorbed into the body. Skin is constantly shedding dead skin cells and renewing itself, and so the tan fades as this happens. But DHA is not approved for “atomized inhalation”. NKDTAN offers disposable masks and recommend you wear them.\nWill an Airbrush tan cause freckles in people who usually freckle when tanning?\nNo. There is nothing in the tanning solution that will cause more freckles to break out. In fact, in most cases, freckles and blemishes will become less pronounced because the lighter skin areas will darken and reduce the colour differentiation between the blemishes and the rest of the skin.\nIs an Airbrush tan safe for a diabetic person?\nDHA is a chemical derived from glycerin and was first used in the treatment of diabetes, as some diabetics are better able to tolerate DHA than glucose in their treatment! So basically, yes you can have a sunless spray tan. I have received no feedback from any medical authority that would indicate a risk to a diabetic person, however, as you would before using any product on a diabetic person, I recommend each customer consult their physician before receiving an application.\nDoes the solution cause a change in the affected areas of someone with Vitiligo?\nYes. Norvell® sunless solution do work on the affected areas, however, it is important to remember the skin that is lighter “tans” and the unaffected skin areas also tan, therefore they will remain different colours. While both areas do achieve a sunless tan, they will appear “two toned” when finished. Norvell® colour is a blend of the natural skin colour and the sunless colour. Clients looking to darken only the lighter skin will need to take care and apply solution to these areas only, and may be best served with any of the retail self-tanning applications available from Norvell.\nWill an Airbrush Tan protect me from UV sun rays?\nNo. Although your skin looks like it is well protected, Norvell® solutions do NOT contain any SPF. It is very important to remember to use a sunscreen with SPF to prevent sun damage.\nShould I allow the skin to rest between Airbrush spray sessions?\nIt is recommended that after every 5 weeks of spray tanning, you allow your skin to rest for 10 days. This allows you to completely loose your tan periodically which eliminates patchiness or uneven areas of wear. These areas are caused by normal contact with clothing and other surfaces which cause additional exfoliation.\nWhat are the ingredients?\nAloe Vera in Purified De-Mineralized Water, Dihyroxyacetone (Eco-Cert DHA), Ethanol, Erythrulose, Caffeine, Copper, Glycerine, Acacia Senegal Gum & Hydrolyzed Rhizobiam Gum (Skin Firming), Vitamin Complex (A, C & E), Propylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, AstraCranTM(Cranberry Seed Extract), AquaxylITM, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), Sorbitol, Fragrance/Odor Control, Phenethyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Citric Acid, FD&C Red #40, Red #33, Green #5 and Yellow #5\nAloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis): This ingredient is an extract from the Aloe Vera plant. Aloe Vera has exceptional oxygenation (the ability to draw and hold oxygen to the skin) properties, making it very effective for cellular renewal. Having the same pH as human skin, it is also extremely soothing and protective.\nDihydroxyacetone (DHA): This skin browning effect is non-toxic, and similar to the Maillard reaction. It is more commonly seen in the food preparation industry, and was described in 1912 by Louis Camille Maillard. DHA reacts chemically with the amino acid groups, which are part of the protein containing keratin layer on the skin surface.\nVarious amino acids react differently to DHA, producing different tones of coloration from yellow to brown. The resulting pigments are called melanoidins. These are similar in coloration to melanin, the natural substance in the deeper skin layers which brown or “tan”, from exposure to UV rays.\nEthanol: Ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavourings, colourings, and medicines. In chemistry, it is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products.\nErythrulose: It is a natural ketose obtained by bio-fermentation. When used in combination with Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), it leads to uniform tanning of the skin and provides longer lasting colour.\nCaffeine: Caffeine is a heterocyclic organic compound that energizes the skin. Caffeine may help protect against skin cancer.\nCopper: It is a necessity for tyrosinase activity. Facilitates melanin production. Copper has additional benefits to skin and hair, showing an enhanced ability to bind moisture to maintain a healthy appearance.\nGlycerin: This humectant protects and seals moisture on the skin surface. It is widely used in products as a moisturizing agent.\nAcacia Senegal Gum & Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum: Two natural, sustainable ingredients of vegetable origin and visible efficacy help impart a tactile tightening effect and lifted appearance.\nVitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate): A potent antioxidant and very effective free-radical scavenger, is especially beneficial for dry or damaged skin. Vitamin A helps prevent skin dryness and scaliness by hydrating and softening the skin, keeping it healthy, clear, and infection resistant. Known as “the skin vitamin”, it acts as a keratinization regulator, helping to improve the skin’s texture, firmness, and smoothness. It is used for anti-aging products due to is ability to stimulate new cell production, which is enhanced when combined with vitamin E. When Vitamin A is incorporated into skin care products at adequate levels, it will increase cell proliferation in the epidermis, stimulate fibroblasts to produce elastin and collagen, and induce new blood vessels to grow, all of which result in healthier and younger looking skin.\nVitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): An antioxidant vitamin that helps neutralize free radicals. It has been clinically shown to reverse photo-aging (wrinkles and age spots) and boost the skin’s collagen productions for smoother and firmer skin. In addition, Vitamin C inhibits UVA and UVB radiation-induced damage, also resulting in younger looking skin.\nVitamin E (Tocopheryl Acetate): An antioxidant that helps lipid per-oxidation in cells and tissues. It helps neutralize free radicals to prevent and diminish fine lines and wrinkles while it also softens skin and moisturizes from within. Some research shows that Vitamin E can help maintain the skin’s connective tissue, helping it stay smooth and elastic.\nPropylene Glycol: It is an aliphatic alcohol that is used as a skin conditioning agent and humectant and is a solvent for preservatives (Parabens), essential oils, flavours, and fragrances.\nPolysorbate 20: A versatile oil-in-water emulsifier, very water-soluble. It is excellent solubilizer for essential oils. It is also a viscosity modifier in shampoos, liquid soaps and conditioners.\nAstraCranTm (Cranberry Seed Extract): Extract of the cranberry fruit. Natural components known as proanthocyanidins are responsible for this extract’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.\nAquaxylTm: Aquaxyl is an active ingredient responsible for moisturizing and restructuring your delicate skin. It improvement the skin’s overall moisture balance, with increased water content and reserve. Aquaxyl™ also builds a barrier to limit water loss. It will make your skin will look and feel smoother and more supple.\nPanthenol (Vitamin B Complex): Panthenol is Pro-Vitamin B5, which is part of the B-complex group. It is essential in the synthesis of lipids and proteins. Panthenol is used as a deep-penetrating skin moisturizer.\nSorbitol: A sugar found in many berries. It is a humectant that leaves a silky velvety feeling to skin.\nFragrance (odor control): An aromatic blend employing essential oils of natural origin, of synthetic origin, or both.\nPhenethyl alcohol: Phenethyl alcohol is an alcohol with a pleasant floral odour. It is therefore a common ingredient in flavours and perfumery.\nCaprylyl Glycol: Skin-conditioning agent that may be plant-derived or synthetic.\nCitric Acid (Vitamin C): Derived from citrus fruits. Natural astringent and antioxidant properties. Also used as a natural preservative and pH regulator.\nFD&C Red #40: A certified Monoazo colorant, soluble in water and permitted for use in food, drug, and cosmetic products.\nFD&C Red #33: A certified Monoazo colorant permitted for the use in drugs and cosmetics but not in foods. This ingredient is a colorant used to color finished formulas.\nFD&C Yellow #5: This ingredient is a colorant used to colour finished formulas.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.papermartinc.com/shop/product_info.php?cPath=1043&products_id=6778", "date": "2013-05-23T04:33:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702810651/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516111330-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8977823257446289, "token_count": 547, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__175121099", "lang": "en", "text": "Teslin synthetic printing sheet is truly a unique material that looks, prints and fabricates like paper, but is durable like plastic film. A microporous structure makes Teslin sheet absorptive yet water-resistant, soft but strong, and highly printable and durable.\nTeslin sheet is a dimensionally stable, highly filled, single layer, microporous film. It is polyolefin-based with 60% of its weight comprised of non-abrasive filler and 65% of its volume comprised of air. The porous, uncoated nature of Teslin sheet allows inks, adhesives, coatings and laminating films to penetrate into its structure to form strong anchor points with the substrate. Although fluid may penetrate, there is excellent holdout of pigment particles on the surface.\nA wide range of printing and fabricating techniques are compatible with Teslin sheet. It can be printed or imaged with offset, monochrome laser, color laser, flexography, gravure, letterpress, intaglio, thermal transfer, ink jet, and screen-printing processes. A number of finishing techniques and fabricating methods can also be used with Teslin sheet, including perforating, punching, folding, sewing and grommeting, and foil stamping and embossing.\nTeslin sheet is bright white-the same attractive appearance as other high quality, matte finish papers. Opacity is excellent, even at low weights and thicknesses.\nWhat is Teslin synthetic printing sheet?\nTeslin sheet is a white, porous, highly filled film that features unique characteristics printable, durable, waterproof, secure, breathable, and adaptable. Its microporous composition ensures high print definition and excellent holdout of pigment particles. If you have ever been apprehensive of printing on synthetic sheet, Teslin sheet is for you!\nWhy use Teslin sheet?\nTeslin sheet offers users durability, printability and versatility. Teslin sheet forms tough, durable bonds with laminating films that are 600 percent stronger than coated papers or other synthetic stocks. Teslin sheet is water, chemical, abrasion, and tear-resistant, requiring no edge seal to be durable. And, bonds that were meant to last, create images that endure over time. Teslin sheet is extremely printable-producing rich, vivid, high quality graphics through both conventional printing methods and digital imaging.\nHow is Teslin sheet used?\nTeslin sheet adaptability gives designers freedom never before possible with synthetics. It is ideal for:\nSpecialty and commercial printing\nWide format graphics\nMenus and maps\nLaminated security documents\nTags and Labels", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://todaypost.us/advancements-in-materials-science-and-reactor-technology-for-ammonia-based-energy-storage/", "date": "2024-02-29T08:19:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474795.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229071243-20240229101243-00146.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9597411155700684, "token_count": 537, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__82496051", "lang": "en", "text": "Ammonia has been widely used as a fertilizer and refrigerant, but its potential as a means of energy storage is only now beginning to be fully explored. The low cost of ammonia and the ease with which it can be produced make it an attractive option for large-scale energy storage.\nOne of the main challenges in using ammonia as an energy storage medium is finding suitable materials for its production and storage. However, recent advancements in materials science have opened up new possibilities in this field.\nAdvanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise in the production of ammonia. MOFs are highly porous materials that can be tailored to selectively capture and release gas molecules. This makes them ideal for the production of ammonia, as they can capture nitrogen and hydrogen gases and then catalyze their reaction to produce ammonia.\nAnother potential use of MOFs is in the storage of ammonia. The porous structure of MOFs allows for the easy adsorption of ammonia molecules, and their high surface area provides a large storage capacity. This makes MOFs an attractive option for the storage of ammonia for energy applications.\nIn addition to advanced materials, advanced reactors are also being developed for the production and storage of ammonia. One example is the use of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for the production of hydrogen, which can then be combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia. SOECs are highly efficient and can operate at high temperatures, making them well-suited for the production of hydrogen.\nAnother type of reactor that is being developed for ammonia storage is the adsorption reactor. This type of reactor uses a solid adsorbent material to adsorb ammonia, which can then be released when needed for energy applications. Adsorption reactors offer several advantages over traditional liquid storage methods, including a higher energy density and reduced safety risks.\nIn addition to these advancements in materials and reactors, research is also being conducted on the use of ammonia as a fuel for power generation. Ammonia has a higher energy density than other renewable energy sources such as hydrogen and is easier to transport and store. Ammonia can be burned in conventional power plants, making it a promising option for the transition to a low-carbon energy system.\nIn conclusion, ammonia has great potential as an energy storage medium, and recent advancements in materials and reactors are paving the way for its widespread use. Advanced materials such as MOFs and advanced reactors such as SOECs and adsorption reactors offer new possibilities for the production and storage of ammonia. With further research and development, ammonia could play a major role in the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon energy system.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://icwdm.org/management/toxicants/", "date": "2023-01-28T14:25:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499634.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128121809-20230128151809-00533.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7497402429580688, "token_count": 535, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__217857969", "lang": "en", "text": "Toxicants & Fumigants\nToxicant–substance used to poison a problem animal, typically through ingestion.\nFumigant–gas used to poison a nuisance animal as it breathes.\nGeneral Use Pesticides (GUP) may be purchased over-the-counter.\nRestricted Use Pesticides (RUP) require a pesticide applicator’s license to purchase and use.\nSecondary poisoning-Injury to an organism that ate the animal that was poisoned originally.\nFacts about Pesticides\n- No one can guarantee where a poisoned animal will die.\n- No pesticide can be called “SAFE”. You can only use pesticides more safely or less safely.\n- Most negative incidents with toxicants and fumigants occur because the applicator failed to follow the instructions on the label.\n1. Phosphine Gas\n- Phostoxin– Degesch America\n- Fumigation Management Plan (FMP) is required when using this product.\n2. Charcoal-Potassium Nitrate\nUsed as a rodent fumigant in burrows, carbon (charcoal) formulated with several other pesticide active ingredients (sodium and potassium nitrates and sulfur), is used in pyrotechnic fumigant gas cartridge products. When a cartridge is ignited and placed in a pest burrow, it produces carbon monoxide and other gases that kill target pests.\nToxicants in Rodenticides\n|First Generation||Active Ingredient||Feeding|\n|Active Ingredient||Feeding||Mode of Action|\n|Bromethalin||Single Feed||Interferes with the animal’s nervous system|\n|Cholecalciferol||Single Feed||Causes internal bleeding and kidney injury by increasing calcium levels to a lethal level|\n|Zinc Phosphide||Single Feed||Blocks cells from making energy, and the cells die|\nBait Station Use— Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.lftgroup.eco/products/view/182", "date": "2022-07-02T23:16:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104205534.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702222819-20220703012819-00716.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7698778510093689, "token_count": 300, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__279434599", "lang": "en", "text": "\"Dish the Dirt\"\nLive for Tomorrow (LFT) dish liquid “Dish the Dirt” tackles grease-laden dishes. 2x concentrated, this is a plant and mineral based, natural & non-toxic dish liquid. We’re all about the pump. No drippy squeeze bottle mess. Directly into the sink or onto a sponge – 1 little pump goes a long way. Our Unscented formula is perfect for baby bottles and accessories too!\n- Phosphate Free\n- Safe for septic systems\nTo Use: Pump until you get a steady stream.\nTo Wash: Squirt detergent onto cleaning applicator and use. For best results, use with warm water.\nThese suds are for your sink. Not for use in Auto Dishwasher machines.\nIngredients: Purified Water; Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate/Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate, Lauramine Oxide, Caprylyl/Myristyl Glucoside (Plant based cleaning agent); Glycerine (Foam stabilizer); Sodium Chloride (Thickener); Sodium Carbonate (Water conditioner); Potassium Sorbate (Food grade preservative); Citric Acid (Natural pH modifier); Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Chloride/Sodium Carbonate (Mineral based cleaning agent)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://jacksonlab.ku.edu/", "date": "2024-02-27T20:08:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474686.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227184934-20240227214934-00049.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8743926882743835, "token_count": 837, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__11032281", "lang": "en", "text": "Jackson Research Group\nBioinorganic & Bio-inspired Chemistry\nRoughly a third of all enzymes require metals to perform their biological functions. Plants use a manganese enzyme to transform water into oxygen. Our bodies use iron enzymes to transport oxygen, break down toxic molecules, and perform a host of other functions.\nThe Jackson Lab’s research helps to understand the details of these bioinorganic reactions. Our lab also uses these biological processes to develop environmentally-friendly, bio-inspired reactions that could be useful to the chemical industry.\nNature uses metalloenzymes containing Mn, Fe, or Cu and oxidants such as molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to carry out remarkable oxidative transformations that are both vital for life and fascinating from a fundamental perspective. Such reactions also serve as inspiration for synthetic chemists, as catalytic processes that utilize earth-abundant metals are less expensive and more environmentally benign than conventional process that employ precious-metals. Our research focuses on using synthetic model complexes to understand the chemical reactions that are critical to the function of both metalloenzymes and earth-abundant metal catalysts. These reactions include activation of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide and the cleavage of C-H and O-H bonds by high- and mid-valent metal-oxygen species. To achieve these goals, the Jackson lab uses a combination of i) synthetic and kinetic methods to generate and characterize the reactivity patterns of metal ion complexes, ii) detailed spectroscopic characterization of transition-metal species, and iii) computational chemistry. These combined efforts allow us to identify geometric and electronic properties of transition-metal complexes that influence chemical reactivity.\nSpectroscopic methods used in our research include electronic absorption (UV-vis), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies. We also employ NMR methods to probe the solution structures of paramagnetic complexes. These tools are particularly powerful when used in conjunction with computational methods, as they permit the characterization of the geometric and electronic structures of fleeting intermediates too unstable to be characterized using standard crystallographic methods. Our lab also used kinetic studies to probe the reaction mechanisms of our complexes. By applying this three-pronged approach to bio-inspired transition-metal complexes, we gain detailed insight into how nature uses molecular oxygen and earth-abundant metals to oxidize substrates and apply this knowledge to develop transition metal complexes that can perform green oxidation reactions.\nThe Jackson lab has on-going collaborations with a variety of labs, where we bring our expertise in spectroscopic and computational methods to learn about the electronic structure and chemical reactivity of transition-metal complexes.\nJosh Telser (Roosevelt University, Chicago): A variety of projects with Prof. Telser have focused on using unique spectroscopic methods and electronic structure computations to understand optical and magnetic properties of coordination complexes. Representative Publication\nDong Wang (University of Montana): Our collaboration with Prof. Wang’s lab is focused on the electronic structure and reactivity of Co complexes in unusually high oxidation states. While rare, high-valent Co complexes are presumed intermediates in a variety of Co catalysts. Representative Publication\nElodie Anxolabéhère-Mallart (Université Paris, Diderot): Our long-standing collaboration with Prof. Anxolabéhère-Mallart has entailed using electrochemical methods in the Anxolabéhère-Mallart to investigate the reactions of Mn(II) complexes with electrochemically-generated superoxide. These methods have permitted new understanding of the oxidation-reduction reactions of peroxomanganese(III) complexes. Such complexes are important intermediates in manganese enzymes and synthetic oxidation catalysts. Representative Publication\nCarole Duboc (Univ. Grenoble Alpes): Our recent collaboration with Prof. Duboc’s lab is aimed at developing new transition-metal complexes that react with molecular oxygen.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://organicstore.nz/products/koa-organics-magnesium-oil-with-lavender-100ml", "date": "2020-11-30T08:12:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141211510.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130065516-20201130095516-00060.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8002605438232422, "token_count": 168, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__4055293", "lang": "en", "text": "Koa Organics Magnesium Oil with Lavender (100ml)\nFor Relaxation, Calm and Muscle Recovery\nHow to use it\nUse Koa Organics Magnesium Oil with Lavender as a soothing spray balm for stiff and tight muscles, and abdominal discomfort.\nSpray directly onto the skin (avoiding creases in joints) and rub in.\n- up to 20 - 30 times per day for an adult\n- up to 5 - 6 times per day for children\n- water down for infants.\nFor external use only. Read label, use as directed.\nWhy buy it\n- 100% natural, no added chemicals\n- Contains magnesium chloride\n- Contains lavender essential oil\n- Uses organic ingredients\nWhat's in it\nIngredients: Magnesium chloride, water, lavender essential oil", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://newmexicodigitalnews.com/the-long-leguminous-quest-to-give-crops-nitrogen-superpowers/", "date": "2023-12-10T06:57:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101282.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210060949-20231210090949-00750.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9288110733032227, "token_count": 715, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__121122403", "lang": "en", "text": "If crops could feel envy, it’d be for legumes. Bean plants have a superpower. Or more accurately, they share one. They’ve developed symbiotic relationships with bacteria that process atmospheric nitrogen into a form that’s usable for those plants—an essential element for building their tissues, photosynthesizing, and generally staying healthy. This is known as nitrogen fixation. If you look at a legume’s roots, you’ll see nodules that provide these nitrogen-fixing microbes with a home and food.\nOther crops—cereals like wheat, rice, and corn—don’t have such a deep symbiotic relationship, so farmers have to use large amounts of fertilizer to get the plants the nitrogen they need. This is very expensive. And fertilizer production is not great for the environment. It’s not easy to turn atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen that plants can absorb on their own. “It takes a lot of energy and really high pressures and high temperatures,” says University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign plant biologist Angela Kent. “Bacteria do this at ambient temperatures and pressures, so they’re pretty special. While energy has been cheap, it’s been easy for us to overuse nitrogen fertilizers.”\nEven worse, once it’s on fields, fertilizer spews nitrous oxide, which is 300 times as potent a greenhouse gas as carbon dioxide. Runoff from fields also pollutes water bodies, leading to toxic algal blooms. This is a particularly bad problem in the Midwest, where fertilizer empties into the Mississippi River and flows into the Gulf of Mexico, fueling massive blooms every summer. When those algae die, they suck the oxygen out of the water, killing any sea creatures unfortunate enough to be in the area and creating a notorious aquatic dead zone that can grow to be the size of New Jersey. Climate change is only exacerbating the problem, since warmer waters hold less oxygen to begin with.\nGiven all that nastiness, scientists have long been on a quest to reduce agriculture’s dependence on fertilizers by giving cereal crops their own nitrogen-fixing powers. And with the rise of gene-editing technology over the past few decades, that quest has been making progress. Last month, in the Plant Biotechnology Journal, researchers described a breakthrough with rice, engineering the plant to produce more compounds that encourage the growth of biofilms, which provide a cozy home for nitrogen-fixing bacteria, much like legumes provide nodules for their partner microbes.\n“People for the last 30, 40 years have been trying to make cereals behave like legumes,” says Eduardo Blumwald, a plant biologist at the University of California, Davis who coauthored the new paper. “Evolution in that sense is very cruel. You cannot do in the lab what took millions and millions of years.”\nSo what’s with the evolutionary cruelty? Why can some plants—like, say aquatic ferns—fix nitrogen while others can’t?\nIt’s not that other species don’t get nitrogen at all. Cereal grasses use nitrogen that’s already in the soil—it comes from animal manure, as well as all the life churning in the dirt. (Lots of different bacterial groups process atmospheric nitrogen, not just the legumes’ symbionts.)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://nuytco.com/products/newtrox/", "date": "2023-06-09T12:14:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656675.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609100535-20230609130535-00277.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7287628054618835, "token_count": 293, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__280276669", "lang": "en", "text": "Nuytco’s second generation oxygen analyzer is microprocessor-based to ensure consistent calibration. Developed specifically for use in Nuytco submersibles and the Exosuit, the NEWTROX O2 Analyzer features: push and hold digital calibration (5 seconds); long operation on 9V alkaline battery (<600 hours); audible ‘beep’ for on, off and calibration complete; low battery indicator; large backlit display; cell check on power up (‘CELL BAD’ displayed when cell is nearing end of life); field-replaceable O2 cell (City Technology Divecel 3); rugged, water-resistant case, milled from aluminum and hard-anodized.\n- 2.57\" x 3.94\" x 1.59\"\n- 9V Alkaline (<600hrs)\n- Low battery indicator\n- City Technology Divecel 3\n- Cell-check on power-up\n- 'CELL BAD' displayed when cell is nearing end of life\n- Audible 'beep' for on, off and calibration complete\n- Push and hold digital calibration (5 seconds)\n- water-resistant, milled from aluminum and hard-anodized", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.newsrael.com/posts/wl0f9mo1x1c", "date": "2023-12-02T12:30:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100399.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202105028-20231202135028-00061.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8884895443916321, "token_count": 222, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__313049434", "lang": "en", "text": "A new drug company called BNS Ophthalmics (BNSO) – formed through a partnership of Israeli nanotechnology drug discovery and development company BioNanoSim and Greek pharmaceutical company Rafarm — will leverage nanotechnology to develop novel treatments for serious eye conditions.\nCofounded by Prof. Simon Benita and Yissum, the tech-transfer company of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, BNS’s first product under development is BNSO-1.\nThis nano formulation will allow the potent anti-inflammatory drug Tacrolimus – an unstable, water-insoluble drug that cannot permeate the cornea – to be applied in the eyes for treating a wide range of eye conditions.\nBNSO is to initiate a phase I/IIA clinical study of BNSO-1 later this year in chronic anterior uveitis patients. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted orphan drug designation for this indication. If clinical results are positive, the company could be approved for an accelerated regulatory approval track.\nImage - Courtesy of BNSO", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://casenewsdev.fiu.edu/2019/07/09/water-quality-monitoring-network-receives-funding-for-twenty-fifth-year/", "date": "2023-12-01T17:03:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00627.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9182601571083069, "token_count": 358, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__137251211", "lang": "en", "text": "Ensuring broad access to clean water is key to a healthy, thriving community. The Institute of Water and Environment’s Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) has been monitoring and improving water quality in the Florida Keys and across South Florida since 1995 through the Center’s Water Quality Monitoring Network (WQMN).\nMost recently, Dr. Henry Briceño was awarded a grant of $425,000 to continue this effort into 2020. Over the last 25 years the Network has included sampling from Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, the Florida Keys and even Bermuda.\n“This monitoring requires quite the team-work,” says Briceño when asked about the process of sampling.\nAll materials must be meticulously organized and labeled by senior laboratory technician, Sandro Stumpf and Marine Operations Technician, Breege Boyer before any of the 112 stations are sampled in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The water samples are then handed off to Pete Lorenzo – lab manager – and his technicians at the CAChE Nutrient Analysis Core Facility for examination. Finally, the data is ready for Boyer and Briceño to examine and evaluate.\nIn the newest installment of the project, Alejandro Torres, a CREST CAChE Computer Science student, and Dr. Leonardo Bobadilla are working to develop a water quality forecasting model for the Florida Keys using the existing Water Quality database.\nThis $425,000 grant is part of a now more than $1.7 million project funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the last three years, and allows the team of scientists to continue the decades-long project to help keep our Florida waters healthy for years to come.\nWritten By: Emma Odenweller", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://m.aquachemindustries.in/upvc-reducer-brass-tee-1379899.html", "date": "2018-07-18T23:52:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590362.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718232717-20180719012717-00461.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.935663640499115, "token_count": 159, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__270047708", "lang": "en", "text": "Our offered UPVC Reducer Brass Tee is extensively demanded in chemical, residential water supply, petrochemical, oil, gas and various other industries for pipe fitting applications to connect pipes by reducing their diameters. Our company is renowned as a reliable manufacturer and supplier of brass tee. We make use of superior UPVC and brass in manufacturing this product range as per the ASTM D-2467 (SCH-80) quality standards. UPVC Reducer Brass Tee can be availed to our prominent clients in various sizes, thicknesses and diameters (1/2\" to 2\") as per their industrial requirements.\nStandard: as per ASTM D-2467(SCH-80)\nProduct: Reducer Brass Tee\nRange: 1/2\" to 2\"", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://premiumcaravans.com.au/product/powertech-lithium-deep-cycle-batteries/", "date": "2024-02-21T22:30:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473558.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221202132-20240221232132-00257.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9500253200531006, "token_count": 156, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__23324545", "lang": "en", "text": "These LiFePO4 batteries weigh less than half of their Lead Acid counterparts. They may look fairly similar to lead acid batteries, but internally they’re a totally different, next generation concept. They’re actually made up of regular 18650 LiFePO4 cells, which are in mass production for many portable devices. An internal battery management system (BMS) ensures all cells are uniformly charged and discharged, as well as providing short circuit, over current, and reverse polarity protection. This provides you with a higher degree of protection than a traditional lead acid battery which is unprotected, and can discharge rapidly under short circuit conditions, causing fire and damage. The internal BMS will also limit discharge and manage cut-off voltage, to further protect the internal cells.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.baghouseamerica.com/what-is-a-filter-bag/", "date": "2023-03-26T15:19:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945473.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326142035-20230326172035-00521.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9301835894584656, "token_count": 1033, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__65207236", "lang": "en", "text": "The definition of a filter bag is very straightforward. A filter bag is a fabric “bag” that filters the air passing through your dust collection system, preventing particulate matter and emissions from entering the environment. These products are essential in reducing your plant’s environmental impact and keeping you compliant with environmental regulations. This piece will outline how a baghouse works and what some of the most common materials used for filter bags are.\nHow Does a Filter Bag Work?\nInside pulse-jet baghouses, individual bags cover metal cages that maintain their shape and structure. Dirty air enters the chamber from the side of the baghouse and passes through the filter bags. The bags prevent any solid debris and detritus from moving through while allowing the clean air to move up through the bag and exit the baghouse at the top. Debris falls off the bags to the bottom of the baghouse, where it is collected and disposed of.\nDuring operation, dirt cakes up on the outside of the filter bags and is cleaned off using compressed air. Short bursts of compressed air blow through the bags, freeing accumulated dirt where it falls into the collection area at the bottom. Over time, the particulate buildup is too much for the pulse jets to shake free and the bag becomes blinded, meaning it no longer operates optimally and should be replaced.\nTypes of Filter Bags\nThe different types of filter bag materials affect the performance and characteristics of the bags, from maximum operating temperature to abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, reaction to moisture, and more. Here are some commonly used filter bag materials and their related properties.\nPolypropylene is a standard filter bag material because of its excellent abrasion resistance. Additionally, polypropylene filters are well-suited to moist air filtering and have excellent resistance to alkalis and acids. However, the biggest shortcoming of polypropylene bags is that they have a low maximum operating temperature of around 170 degrees Fahrenheit (77 degrees Celsius), limiting the range of applications they are well-suited for.\nAcrylic filter bags have some pros and cons related to the first material on our list. First, acrylic bags have a maximum operating temperature of around 265°F (130°C), making them better suited for high-temperature applications. However, that increase in temperature is a trade-off for a slight decrease in abrasion resistance and chemical compatibility.\nAramid, short for aromatic polyamide, is a class of strong, heat-resistant synthetic fibers. Most people would recognize Aramid by the brand name Kevlar®. Filter bags made from this material are very abrasion resistant and can operate at consistent temperatures around 400°F (204°C).\nFiberglass is a material that can withstand high temperatures, operating around 500°F (260°C), almost triple the operating temperature of polypropylene filter bags. This heat resistance widely expands the applications for fiberglass bags. Unfortunately, fiberglass is not very durable and has a lower resistance to abrasion than other entries on this list. Additionally, fiberglass does not work particularly well with alkalis or acids. Chemical-resistant finishes can increase fiberglass filter bag performance but also increase the cost.\nPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known by the brand name TeflonTM, is a synthetic polymer that can increase the performance of filter bags. A PTFE membrane on the exterior of felt or needled polyester bags offers additional performance benefits. The surface of the PTFE membrane has microscopic holes that allow air to pass through. Some PTFE filter bags can reach a high of 99.999% efficiency.\nPTFE has a very low coefficient of friction, meaning it can decrease the amount of caking on the bag’s exterior, reducing the frequency of cleaning required. In addition, the compressed air used during cleaning causes wear and tear on the bags, so reducing the cleaning frequency increases the lifetime of the filter bag. This property makes this type of bag great for applications that have sticky or tacky dust.\nIt’s no shock that a premium price tag goes hand-in-hand with the premium performance of PTFE filter bags. At Baghouse America, we believe in improving the quality of the air we breathe and forging lasting, authentic relationships with our customers. To that end, we include PTFE filter bags with the setup of any new baghouse system at no additional cost.\nWe love to talk shop – let’s set up a time to chat about filter bags and baghouses and how our team can help you get the most from your system. We understand that each client is unique and needs unique solutions to their filtration challenges.\nWe are leading the way to zero emissions, and we would love to help your company reach its emission targets and help everyone breathe easier.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://kb-silvolite.com/article.php?action=read&A_id=2", "date": "2013-05-25T06:54:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705618968/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120018-00046-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8833677172660828, "token_count": 350, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__10541780", "lang": "en", "text": "Trying to make heads or tails of the word and the subject of \"hypereutectic\" is no easy matter. Our article on piston alloys covers the subject of how Primary Silicon is Formed, and our article on Heat Treat,relates how the alloy strength is increased with the T6 Heat Treatment. This page is intended to give you a visual idea of what the 390 alloy looks like under a microscope.\nThe dark particles distributed throughout this photo (fig. 1), are primary silicon. These particles form when the silicon in the metal exceeds 12%. Primary silicon particles represent 4 - 6% of the total piston.The key to the successful use of the 390 alloy is to keep the particles small and well distributed. This is accomplished with modern foundry practice and mold design. The largest particles in the photographs, (fig. 1 and fig. 3), are about four ten thousandths of an inch in length and are so hard diamond tooling is required to machine the alloy.\nThe gray mottled area in the photo, (fig. 1), is base metal alloy that makes up the balance of the piston. The silicon in the base metal is dissolved with aluminum to form a 12% silicon/aluminum solution. This base metal is eutectic, (u-tec-tic), aluminum, (fig. 2)..\nThe bottom line is that the structure of 390 alloy gives superior wear resistance, 15% less thermal expansion and increased thermal barrier properties. KB Performance Pistons are designed around our hypereutectic alloy. The characteristics of the 390 alloy, combined with modern permanent mold process, gives design freedom for a superior product, the KB Performance Pistons from United Engine & Machine Company.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.buffaloscoop.com/free-health-seminar-to-include-free-giveaway-for-participants/", "date": "2019-06-19T22:05:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999041.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619204313-20190619230313-00424.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9200299382209778, "token_count": 461, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__177952306", "lang": "en", "text": "Green Armour Technologies of WNY, a Snyder-based company specializing in air and water purification systems for residential and commercial use, green laundry products and nutraceuticals for a healthier lifestyle, will offer a free 360 Degree Health & Wellness Seminar on Thursday, June 14. All attendees will receive a free FreshAir Focus (while supplies last), a unique plug-in product that naturally removes airborne contaminants and allergens while also freshening the air.\nThe seminar will take place from 6:30 to 8:15 p.m. June 14 in the Hampton Inn and Suites Buffalo Airport, 133 Buell Ave. (off Genesee Street), Cheektowaga. Attendees will learn about FreshAir, LivingWater, LaundryPure and Essentials for Life products.\n“When we think about being exposed to toxic chemicals, we often think of huge smokestacks spewing black smoke and garbage-laden beaches. We don’t usually think of our homes and offices,” said Brian Ellsworth, owner of Green Armour Technologies. “The truth is that the average American spends nearly 90 percent of their time indoors these days. The air in the average home contains over 63 synthetic toxins, mold, bacteria, viruses and fumes from off-gassing paint, furniture and building materials. The water coming from our taps contains many dangerous chemicals, compounds and metals as well. The products that we use to clean our homes and offices and the personal care products that we put on our skin contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Come and learn how you can easily protect yourself and your family from these health-damaging environmental toxins!”\nSpace at the health seminar is limited! To reserve your place, please contact Ellsworth at (716) 881-2345 or firstname.lastname@example.org.\nTo learn more about Green Armour Technologies of WNY, please visit greentechwny.com or follow the company on Facebook at www.facebook.com/Green-Armour-Technologies-of-WNY-441391392720079/. To view a brief video about the ActivePure technology used in FreshAir products, please visit www.activepurepro.com.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.clarecd.org/foray-48b-bacterial-insecticide.html", "date": "2024-02-28T19:48:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00763.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9172437191009521, "token_count": 526, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__51666588", "lang": "en", "text": "Btk – Bacterial Insecticide Fact Sheet Actual name -\n- Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki or Btk\n- Biological pesticide, a type of pesticide derived from natural materials such as plants or bacteria. Bt is a naturally occurring soil bacteria.\n- Gypsy moth caterpillars must eat Btk for it to be effictive because it interferes with the digestion system. The active ingredient is a crystal protein toxin formed by the bacteria. The alkaline gut and enzimes that only caterpillars have activate the toxin that kills the cells lining, stopping the caterpillar from feeding and dies withing 2 to 5 days. This alkaline condition is not present in the stomachs of humans,birds, or fish and other animals.\n- Btk is cultured using water and nutrients such as sugars and starches, in a fermenting process similar to brewing beer. The final product contains almost all water, the leftover growth medium, carbohydrates, inert ingredients that are approved as food additives, and the active ingredient.\n- Different strains of Bt affect different insects. Btk has no effect on humans, pets birds, fish, livestock, honey bees or other wildlife. Btk is so specific to only certain moth and butterflies that is is an approved control product for use by certified organic garners.\n- As with the application of any control product, people, pets or domestic animals with known respiratory ailments or other health concerns my wish to avoid exposure by staying indoors during the spray operation and until the Btk product is dry (usually a few hours).\n- The Btk applied in a spray does not multiply or accumulate in the environment.\n- 1/2 Gallon per Acre\n- After all caterpillars have hatched.\n- Most effective when caterpillars are young and have a gut lining thin enough for the Btk toxin to punch holes in it. Once the larvae have gotten larger than 5/8-inch long, they are rather difficult to kill.\n- Mid—to late –May or early June\n- Breaks down in sunlight within seven days\n- Highly effective: nearly 80% mortality of gypsy moth caterpillars in treated areas\n- Highly effective with high gypsy moth caterpillar populations\n- Readily available\n- Known to be toxic to feeding caterpillars of moths and butterflies and is safe to humans, birds, fish, pets, beneficial insects and other non-target organisms\nForay 48B Product Label\nForay 48B is OMRI Listed\nForay 48B Safety Data Sheet", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.blp-international.com/product/huskey-350-silicone-grease/", "date": "2021-12-02T10:00:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964361253.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20211202084644-20211202114644-00022.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8226498961448669, "token_count": 158, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__160674475", "lang": "en", "text": "HUSKEY 350 SILICONE GREASE is a non-hardening and non-carbonizing silicone lubricant with excellent dielectric properties, plus both physical and thermal stability. It is insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acids and caustics, vegetable and mineral oils, glycol, and glycerine. It is excellent for applications that require temperature and mechanical stability which include fire extinguishers, water faucet valves, water softener valves, lock mechanisms, flow meter bearings, electrical assemblies, and terminals, etc.\nHUSKEY 350 SILICONE GREASE\nCrescent M Halal", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ottieandthebea.com/collections/accessories/products/piglou-lilac-glitter-kids-nail-polish", "date": "2020-10-27T09:51:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107893845.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201027082056-20201027112056-00618.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6704659461975098, "token_count": 381, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__158588460", "lang": "en", "text": "Piglou lilac glitter is a water-based nail polish from Nailmatic that has been especially formulated for children! The paint works like magic- It’s easy to apply and disappears with warm soapy water or in the bath. It’s phthalate-free, formaldehyde-free, toluene-free and fragrance-free.\n- Does not stain\n- Dermatologically tested\n- Design co-created with OMY\n- Made in France\n- Ingredients: AQUA (WATER), SODIUM STYRENE/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER, PPG-3 METHYL ETHER, SYNTHETIC FLUORPHLOGOPITE, PHENOXYETHANOL, DISILOXANE, SODIUM BICARBONATE, HECTORITE, SODIUM DEHYDROACETATE, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PPG-2 METHYL ETHER, PEG-150/DECYL ALCOHOL/SMDI COPOLYMER, POTASSIUM SULFATE, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, PEG-40 CASTOR OIL, T-BUTYL ALCOHOL, STYRENE/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER, ISOOCTANOL, BENTONITE, PPG-30 BUTYL ETHER, AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE, TOCOPHEROL, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 77007 (ULTRAMARINE), CI 73360 (RED 30 LAKE), TIN OXIDE.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://measurands.com.sg/product/2100an-laboratory-turbidimeter-epa-230-vac/", "date": "2024-02-21T08:30:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473401.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221070402-20240221100402-00097.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8756312727928162, "token_count": 438, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__41563276", "lang": "en", "text": "Hach 2100 Series Laboratory Turbidimeters are engineered to provide superior accuracy and sensitivity in any application. The 2100AN is equipped with a stable halogen-filled tungsten filament lamp to meet the reporting requirements of EPA Method 180.1. This model is ideal for testing higher ranges of turbidity up to 10,000 NTU. Additional absorbance, transmittance, and color measurement modes make the 2100AN the most flexible of any Hach benchtop turbidimeter.\nRatio technology provides highly accurate results\nOne keystroke initiates ratio measurement and activates an array of detectors in addition to the 90-degree nephelometric detector. Ratio measurement corrects for color interference, enhances calibration stability, and allows the measurement of turbidity at levels greater than 1000 NTU.\nInterchangeable color filters provide ultimate flexibility\nA variety of filter module assemblies are available to select the wavelength of light used for measuring samples. The instrument is supplied with an EPA filter assembly for turbidity measurement and a 455 nm filter assembly for use in APHA Pt-Co color measurement. Additional filter assemblies, including an 860 nm option for ISO 7027 compliance, are available as optional accessories for custom applications.\nOptional cell adapters of the 2100AN Turbidimeter allow measurement of smaller sample volumes\nMeasure samples as small as 2.5 mL with Hach bencthop turbidimeters. Use the Application Specific Calibration ability of the instrument to provide direct reading of results with 12, 13, 16, or 19 mm sample vials. Small diameter sample cells are useful when only a small quantity of sample is available, the sample to be measured is ampuled and cannot be opened, or the sample is too turbid to be measured with the standard sample cell without dilution.\nBuilt-in printer provides a record of calibration and measurement data\nOn-board printer saves bench space. Print interval feature automatically prints a displayed reading at selected print intervals.\nAir purge prevents condensation in the sample chamber of the 2100AN\nMeasure cold and hot samples. A built-in connection is provided to purge the sample compartment with dry air to prevent light scattering caused by condensation.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://borisdentalcare.com/ed/?sildenafil-100mg", "date": "2023-09-23T12:14:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923094750-20230923124750-00862.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9186143279075623, "token_count": 2258, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__118019529", "lang": "en", "text": "Pharmacological properties pharmacodynamics. Mechanism of action. Sildenafil is an oral medication that is intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. During sexual arousal, the drug renews reduced erectile function by increasing blood flow to the penis. The physiological mechanism of penile erection consists in the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the cavernous body during sexual stimulation.\nThe released nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which stimulates an increase in the level of cGMP, which, in turn, causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the cavernous body, contributing to increased blood flow. Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) in the cavernous body, where PDE-5 is responsible for the breakdown of cGMP. The effects of sildenafil on erection are peripheral in nature. Sildenafil does not have a direct relaxing effect on the isolated human cavernous body, but it powerfully enhances the relaxing effect of NO on this tissue. When the NO/cGMP metabolic pathway is activated, which occurs during sexual stimulation, sildenafil inhibition of PDE-5 leads to an increase in cGMP levels in the cavernous body. Thus, in order for sildenafil to cause the necessary pharmacological effect, sexual arousal is necessary. Influence on pharmacodynamics. In vitro studies have demonstrated the selectivity of the effect of sildenafil on PDE-5, which takes an active part in the erection process. The effect of sildenafil on PDE-5 is more powerful than on other known PDEs.\nThis effect is 10 times more powerful than the effect on PDE-6, which takes part in the processes of phototransformation in the retina. When using the maximum recommended doses, the selectivity of sildenafil to PDE-5 is 80 times higher than its selectivity to PDE-1, 700 times higher than to PDE-2, PDE-3, PDE-4, PDE-7, PDE-8, PDE-9, PDE-10 and PDE-11. In particular, the selectivity of sildenafil to PDE-5 is 4000 times higher than its selectivity to PDE-3 — cGMP-specific isoform of PDE, which participates in the regulation of heart contractions. Pharmacokinetics Absorption. Sildenafil is rapidly absorbed.\nCmax of the drug in blood plasma is reached for 30-120 minutes (with a median of 60 minutes) after its oral administration on an empty stomach. The average absolute bioavailability after oral administration is 41% (with a range of values of 25-63%). In the recommended dose range (25-100 mg), the AUC and Cmax values of sildenafil after oral administration increase proportionally to the dose. When using sildenafil during meals, the degree of absorption decreases with an average lengthening of Tmax to 60 minutes and an average decrease in Cmax by 29%. Distribution. The average equilibrium volume of distribution (Vd) is 105 liters, which indicates the distribution of the drug in the tissues of the body. After a single oral administration of sildenafil at a dose of 100 mg, the average Cmax of sildenafil is about 440 ng / ml (the coefficient of variation is 40%). Since the binding of sildenafil and its main N-desmethyl metabolite to plasma proteins reaches 96%, the average Cmax of free sildenafil reaches 18 ng/ml (38 nmol). The degree of binding to plasma proteins does not depend on the total concentrations of sildenafil. In healthy volunteers who used sildenafil once at a dose of 100 mg, after 90 minutes, < 0.0002% (on average — 188 ng) of the applied dose was determined in the ejaculate. Biotransformation.\nSildenafil metabolism is carried out mainly with the participation of microsomal liver isoenzymes CYP 3A4 (main pathway) and CYP 2C9 (secondary pathway). The main circulating metabolite is formed by N-demethylation of sildenafil. The selectivity of the metabolite with respect to PDE-5 is comparable to the selectivity of sildenafil, and the activity of the metabolite with respect to PDE-5 is approximately 50% of the activity of the starting substance. The concentrations of this metabolite in blood plasma are approximately 40% of the concentrations of sildenafil in blood plasma. The N-demethylated metabolite undergoes further metabolism, and the T-half is approximately 4 hours. Elimination.\nThe total clearance of sildenafil is 41 l/h, predestining a Half-life of 3-5 hours. Both after oral and after intravenous administration, the excretion of sildenafil in the form of metabolites is carried out mainly with feces (about 80% of the administered oral dose) and to a lesser extent with urine (about 13% of the administered oral dose). Pharmacokinetics in special groups of patients Elderly patients. In healthy elderly volunteers (aged ≥65 years) there was a decrease in the clearance of sildenafil, which predetermined an increase in plasma concentrations of sildenafil and its active N-demethylated metabolite by approximately 90% compared with the corresponding concentrations in healthy young volunteers (18-45 years). Due to age differences in binding to plasma proteins, the corresponding increase in the plasma concentration of free sildenafil was about 40%.\nKidney failure. In volunteers with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance — 30-80 ml / min), the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil remained unchanged after its single oral administration at a dose of 50 mg. The average AUC and Cmax of the N-demethylated metabolite increased by 126 and 73%, respectively, compared with such indicators in volunteers of the same age without impaired renal function. However, due to the high interindividual variability, these differences were not statistically significant. In volunteers with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min), sildenafil clearance decreased, which led to average increases in AUC and Cmax by 100 and 88%, respectively, compared with volunteers of the same age without renal impairment. In addition, the AUC and Cmax values of the N-demethylated metabolite were significantly increased by 200 and 79%, respectively. Liver failure. In volunteers with mild and moderate cirrhosis of the liver (classes A and B according to the Child-Pugh classification), the clearance of sildenafil decreased, which led to an increase in AUC (84%) and Cmax (47%) compared with volunteers of the same age without liver dysfunction.\nThe pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in patients with severe hepatic impairment has not been studied. Indications Viagra The drug Viagra is recommended for men with erectile dysfunction, which is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection of the penis necessary for successful sexual intercourse. Sexual arousal is necessary for the effective action of the drug Viagra. The use of Viagra Viagra. The drug is intended for oral administration. Viagra ODT. The drug is administered orally. The drug should be used immediately after the tablet has been removed from the blister. The tablet should be put on the tongue, wait for its disintegration, and then swallow. The drug can be taken with or without water. If it is necessary to apply a dose of 100 mg, the second tablet should be taken only after the complete disintegration of the first tablet. It is recommended to use the drug on an empty stomach, since when using the drug simultaneously with fatty foods, there is a significant delay in absorption compared to using tablets on an empty stomach. Viagra and Viagra ODT. Adults. The recommended dose for adults is 50 mg, which is taken as needed approximately 1 hour before sexual intercourse.\nConsidering the efficacy and tolerability, the dose can be increased to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg. The maximum recommended dose is 100 mg. The frequency of use of the maximum recommended dose of the drug is 1 time per day. When using the drug Viagra during a meal, the effect of the drug may occur later than when it is used on an empty stomach. If it is necessary to apply a dose of 25 mg, it is recommended to use sildenafil, film-coated tablets of 25 mg. Elderly patients. The need for dose adjustment in elderly patients (≥65 years) absent. Patients with renal insufficiency. In patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 30-80 ml/min), the recommended dose is the same as indicated above in the \"Adults\" section. Since sildenafil clearance is reduced in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 ml / min), the use of the drug should begin with a dose of 25 mg. Depending on the efficacy and tolerability of the drug, the dose can be increased to 50 and 100 mg.\nPatients with hepatic insufficiency. Since sildenafil clearance is reduced in patients with hepatic insufficiency, for example, with cirrhosis, the use of the drug should begin with a dose of 25 mg. Depending on the efficacy and tolerability of the drug, the dose can be increased to 50 and 100 mg. Patients using other types of treatment. If patients simultaneously use CYP 3A4 inhibitors (see INTERACTIONS), the possibility of using an initial dose of 25 mg should be considered . In order to minimize the risk of orthostatic hypotension, the condition of patients using alpha-adrenergic blockers should be stabilized before the use of sildenafil. The possibility of using an initial dose of sildenafil 25 mg should also be considered .\nContraindications hypersensitivity to the active substance or any other component of the drug. Simultaneous use with NO donors (such as amyl nitrite) or nitrates in any form is contraindicated, since it is known that sildenafil affects the pathways of NO/cGMP metabolism and potentiates the hypotensive effect of nitrates. Simultaneous use of PDE-5 inhibitors (including sildenafil) it is contraindicated with guanylate cyclase stimulants, such as riociguate, since it can cause symptomatic hypotension (see INTERACTIONS).", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.fightthebite.com.au/insect-repellents/", "date": "2024-04-16T14:26:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817095.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416124708-20240416154708-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9473615288734436, "token_count": 903, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__52334523", "lang": "en", "text": "Insect repellents work by either blocking the cues that identify the wearer as a potential blood meal or providing an odour that overrides that of the your natural scent. There are a wide range\nof repellents available, broadly categorized as either synthetic or botanical in nature.\nThe most effective and widely used repellent internationally is DEET (diethyltoluamide). Developed by the United States Army in the 1950s, DEET is now used by many millions\nof people around the world and is available in a wide range of application formulations (e.g. roll-ons, lotions, aerosols, pump-sprays and wipes) and concentrations.\nGenerally, repellents containing less than 10% DEET will offer up to two hours’ protection from mosquitoes. Repellents that contain up to 80% DEET are more suitable for long periods of exposure to mosquitoes in areas of endemic vector-borne disease.\nPicaridin is another widely available active ingredient found in commercial insect repellents in Australia. This product was developed more recently, is generally thought to have a more pleasant scent than DEET and has lower toxicity to humans (making it more appropriate for use on children). Scientific studies have shown that this product is equally effective at\npreventing insect bites as DEET.\nThere are a large number of plants whose essential oils or extracts may provide protection against biting insects. The most common products come from strongly aromatic plants, such as eucalyptus or teatree, and commercial products often contain a blend of extracts. Many scientific studies have compared botanical and synthetic repellents and, although botanical products may provide some protection, products such as DEET and picaridin provide substantially greater and longer term protection, even at low concentrations. Some natural products offer protection for only a few minutes, leaving users unprotected and exposed to disease-carrying vectors.\nHowever, research on repellents with botanical-based active ingredients is continuing and these products may be useful under some circumstances.\nCoils, sticks and other gadgets\nBurning plant material to repel biting insects has been used by many cultures for thousands of years. Today, the tradition continues in the form of mosquito coils and sticks. The mosquito coil is the most popular form of personal protection from biting insects over the past 100 years. These devices are made of materials impregnated with insecticide (e.g. synthetic pyrethroids, such as allethrin) that burn slowly (some coils burn for up to eight hours) and may provide up to 80% protection. Some formulations are also available with botanical active ingredients, but these\nare generally less effective. Coils are cheap to produce and easy to operate, although the smoke produced may present a health risk when used indoors. There is also a number of electronic units available (for both indoor and outdoor use) that release insecticides from slow-release mats or liquids. These units can be very effective, as the pyrethroids kill mosquitoes rather than\nsimply repelling them.\nA wide range of products claim to repel biting insects in formulations other than topical repellents. Products containing synthetic or botanical active ingredients can include patches and wrist bands that claim to provide a degree of protection. However, scientific studies have shown that these products offer substantially less protection than topical repellents.\nAll repellents used in Australia, whether synthetic or botanical, must by law be registered with the APVMA and the approval number must be listed on the label. There is often a perception that synthetic repellents, such as DEET, are unsafe. However, despite the widespread use of DEET-based products internationally, there are very few cases of adverse reactions. Most of these cases involve serious misuse, most commonly applying too much of the product (especially on young children), eating it or exposing the eyes to the product. Botanical-based products can\nalso cause irritation. The risk of an adverse reaction from using a repellent is very low and failing to use repellents in some locations will almost certainly result in insect bites and the real possibility of acquiring an infectious disease. Regardless of the active ingredient, all repellents should be applied according to the instructions on the label.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://daiichisankyo.us/en/oncology", "date": "2021-09-23T07:59:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057417.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923074537-20210923104537-00507.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8646678328514099, "token_count": 322, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__251360889", "lang": "en", "text": "Oncology Main Article\nDaiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise\nThe mission of Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise is to leverage our world-class, innovative science and push beyond traditional thinking in order to create meaningful treatments for patients with cancer. We are dedicated to transforming science into value for patients, and this sense of obligation informs everything we do.\nWorld-Class Science Organization\nThe Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise is committed to becoming a world-class science organization. Our team’s exceptional scientific attitude results in outstanding medicinal chemistry, antibody engineering and discovery biology.\nDynamic and Sustainable R&D Engine\nThe oncology portfolio of Daiichi Sankyo is powered by our research engines:\n- Biologics, medicinal chemistry, modality, and other research laboratories in Japan\n- Plexxikon Inc. – our small molecule structure-guided R&D center in Berkeley, California\n“3 and Alpha” R&D Strategy\nAnchored by our DXd antibody drug conjugate (ADC) technology, our obligation is to harness the power of true innovation to discover and develop innovative first-in-class and best-in-class treatments that transform the standard of care for patients with cancer.\nEnhanced Capabilities Through Collaboration\nTo complement and expand our premier cadre of internal scientists, we are collaborating with leading academic and business partners to leverage cutting-edge science in new treatment modalities, disease biology, diagnostics and pipeline prioritization.\nTo learn more about Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise, click here.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://sterlingfink.com/2012/02/27/making-soap-from-used-cooking-oil/", "date": "2018-03-19T12:25:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646914.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319120712-20180319140712-00418.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9495655298233032, "token_count": 1166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__237336270", "lang": "en", "text": "I wrote the bulk of this post on January 5th, when I actually made the soap, but I wanted to wait until I knew whether or not the stuff was worth a toss before I went and gave out the recipe. I finally used a bar of it a few nights ago and it works just fine and dandy. No weird smell, no slime. Doesn’t lather as much as I’d hoped, but it got my hands nice and clean. Next time I should use more lye. (For the record, those are Matt’s meaty mitts in the pictures, not mine!)\nI have always wanted to make soap – but I have always been terrified of lye. A lifetime of reading books and articles on home soap making, with their dire warnings, and about a hundred viewings of Fight Club put a terror of chemical burns in my brain.\nWell, consider that fear conquered. With enough vinegar you can kill anything, and apparently having two and a half gallons on hand will kill one’s fear of sodium hydroxide. As Matt has said many a time: “People have been making soap for millennia. It can’t be that hard.”\nI found some very simple, straightforward, and well-researched instructions on a website called Preparedness1.com and followed the instructions, using my thrice-filtered used canola cooking oil, filtered tap water, and lye. There were no poison gas clouds, no burning flesh, no scorch marks on my kitchen, and I didn’t cry. (I will admit to doing the panic dance once or twice, very briefly.)\nI recommend reading the “Homemade Soap” page on Preparedness1.com, but here’s the rundown of what I did:\n- Weigh the fat you want to use. I found 2 pounds to be about the amount I felt comfortable sloshing around.\n- Consult the handy Lye to Fat Ratio Table on Preparedness1.com to determine how much water and lye you will need to saponify (essentially, to “soapify”) your fat.\n- Pour your lye slowly into your water in non-metallic and sturdy container. Not the other way around! I’ve heard some scary stories about what happens if you put water into lye instead of the other way around. It will rapidly heat up and give off stinky steam you don’t want to breathe. Stir (with a wooden or plastic spoon) until it’s clear and let it cool to about 85ºF.\n- Heat your oil to about the same temperature, in a non-reactive container. The only metal you can use is stainless steel.\n- Slowly drizzle the water/lye mixture into the oil, while stirring.\n- Stir, stir, stir. Everyone recommends a stick blender for this part because it can shorten your stirring time from an hour to a few minutes depending on your ingredients. I used a stick blender and it took about half an hour for my ingredients to reach the mystical “trace” stage. (Fats and oils that are liquid at room temperature take longer to saponify than those that are hard at room temperature.) At this point your mixture is the consistency of soft-set pudding and when you pull the spoon out the liquid that sheets off of it leaves a trace on the surface before it is reabsorbed. Add whatever smelly stuff you want now.\n- Pour into non-reactive molds and put them out of the way for a few days.\n- No one ever explains how to clean up the large and hazardous mess you’re left with at this point! No one! No one, that is, but me. Common sense told me to wipe everything down with vinegar, which neutralizes the lye – and I do mean everything, even stuff you’re putting it he garbage can, so that it doesn’t go nuclear and eat through the bottom of the can. That done, cleanup was no more thrilling than any other sinkful of dishes or splattered cooktop.\n- It takes anywhere from one to five days for saponification to be truly complete. When your soap feels nice and hard it is fully saponified and you can unmold it and, if necessary, cut it into bars. Leave the soap alone for another two weeks minimum, to cure (that is, for all the water to evaporate so that the soap doesn’t turn back to mush when you try to use it). Many soapmakers recommend curing for 4-6 weeks before using your soap on your body.\nBefore adding the lye my oil smelled like oil. Nothing exciting, nothing rancid, no food odors. After saponification there was the faintest whiff of hashbrowns, so I added just a few drops of essential oil to take the edge off. After curing I couldn’t smell either hashbrowns or essential oil.\nThis solves a rag and bone dilemma for us: what to do with all that used cooking oil? It’s nowhere near enough to bother with making biodiesel but I can’t fathom tossing it. Now we can reuse it!\nThe pigs were slaughtered on Saturday so we should be getting the fresh (non-smoked) cuts back in a few days. Like last year, I asked to keep the lard. We didn’t much of a kick out of cooking with lard, but I have heard it makes some spanky soap!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://sarkarinaukrisite.in/concise-inorganic-chemistry-fifth-edition-by-j-d-lee/", "date": "2023-02-08T13:03:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500813.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208123621-20230208153621-00857.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9694039821624756, "token_count": 435, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__76206051", "lang": "en", "text": "Price: ₹ 832.00\n(as of Feb 08,2023 13:03:40 UTC – Details)\nChemistry is often considered to be a tough subject for students all over the world. Many get lost in the intricacies of balancing an equation and finding an element on the periodic table. Inorganic chemistry is particularly difficult for students as it involves a lot of elements and the theoretical information can be overwhelming for many students. To overcome all these problems, one should consider Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee\nConcise Inorganic Chemistry\nConcise Inorganic Chemistry is ideal for all those students who are looking to study Inorganic chemistry in much more detail and understand the basics of each and every concept thoroughly. It is not just a collection of theoretical text; rather information given in the book is backed by proper reasoning or experiments. Full effort has been made to keep the language as simple as possible, so that it can be of use to all. This book is designed in such a way that it caters to all the questions that a student may have from inorganic chemistry. The book is divided into six parts so that the readers find it easy to locate their answers. Special attention has been given to the different blocks of the periodic table, so there are parts such as s-block, p-block and other bocks as well, hydrogen and other topics. It is continuously updated keeping in mind the latest changes in syllabus and any addition that has been made recently in the syllabus is reflected in this 5th edition. It is an ideal book for students preparing for competitive examinations.\nAbout the Author\nthe book has been compiled and written by J.D. Lee and has been published by Oxford Publications. J.D. Lee is one of the most famous academicians for inorganic chemistry in the world and has been in this field for decades now. His thorough understanding of the subject makes this book a one stop solution for all the questions related to Inorganic Chemistry.\nThe book is available online for convenient shopping. You can bag this book from Amazon.in today by following a few easy steps.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.abinmetall.ru/en/news/aesw-tested-an-innovative-acid-waste-treatment-technology/", "date": "2022-12-02T09:20:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710900.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20221202082526-20221202112526-00272.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9653926491737366, "token_count": 160, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__305216829", "lang": "en", "text": "Hardware Shop of Abinsk Electric Steel Works tested a membrane complex for acid recovering. The innovation was developed jointly with chemists from the Kuban State University.\nThe complex is based on a hybrid membrane technology for processing acid-containing waste. After being put into operation, it will solve the problem of acid waste treatment, reduce the cost of purchasing materials for the production of hardware products. In addition, the innovation will significantly reduce the environmental burden on the environment.\nThe second testing stage is to be performed this year. It includes pilot testing of a modernized sulfuric and hydrochloric acid recovery unit, as well as the manufacture and commissioning of the plant to filter acids from stearate lubricant. The said innovative technology will be replicated throughout Russia as soon as the testing is completed.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.eebria.com/otley", "date": "2017-04-24T20:55:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119838.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00519-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9632912278175354, "token_count": 594, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__91891992", "lang": "en", "text": "As a micro-brewery, we are dedicated to the craft of producing Welsh ale with a difference. We believe in using the highest quality ingredients with every effort made to source our produce from the local area, including fresh Breconshire water and the finest malts and hops available. Once we have all our essential ingredients, we can begin the science, the art that is brewing.More\nHot water (liquor) is added to the “Mash tun”. This is a vessel where malt and wheat are mixed with the hot liquor to produce a sugar extract known as “wort”. This is formed by the breakdown of the malt starch into sugars which in turn dissolve into the liquor. This process usually takes around 90 minutes to complete. When all the wort has been extracted from the mash, we can begin to transfer it into the next vessel, known as the “Copper”, by a process known to us as “wort run-off”\nAs the wort is being run off, the surface of the mash is “sparged” which involves spaying the mash with hot liquor. The liquor passes down through the mash, washing out the wort into the copper. This run off process is carried out over a 60-90 minute period, depending on the size of the brew.\nOnce the run-off is complete, the Copper is heated up to boiling point and boiled vigorously. This boiling of the wort ensures it is sterile and prevents a lot of infections. Hops are added during the boil, and these contribute to bitterness, flavour, and aroma of the beer. Here at the Otley Brewing Company we use a variety of different hops in each of our brews, a number of which are mentioned in the tasting notes of our beers. This step usually takes between 60 and 120 minutes.\nAt the end of the boil, the wort must be brought down to fermentation temperatures (20-26oC) before the yeast can be added. The cooling medium used is usually water and this functions via a heat exchanger. After cooling, Oxygen can be dissolved into the wort to revitalise the yeast and aid its reproduction.\nAfter the wort is cooled and transferred into the fermentation vessels (FV’s), yeast is added and it begins to ferment. During this process the sugars produced by the malt are metabolised into alcohol and carbon dioxide.\nWhen the sugars in the fermenting beer have been almost completely digested, the fermentation slows down and the yeast starts to settle to the bottom of the tank. At this stage, the beer is cooled, which encourages settling of the yeast, and causes proteins to coagulate and settle out with the yeast. The beer is then ready to be racked into casks, which are then in turn taking to the cold store in order for secondary fermentation to take place.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://kidengage.com/blog/2019/05/fun-science-make-oobleck/", "date": "2020-07-07T22:32:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655895944.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20200707204918-20200707234918-00579.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9351723790168762, "token_count": 686, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__252796053", "lang": "en", "text": "Are you looking for some fun-filled and engaging activity for your child? What if we give a list of super-cool activities that also tell a thing or two about science to them? Are you ready? Since the kids love messy activities, so let’s start with one!\nFun with Oobleck\nInterestingly, the name ‘Oobleck’ comes from the famous children’s story writer Dr. Seuss book, “Bartholomew and the Oobleck.” In the story, oobleck, a gooey green substance, fell from the sky and wreaked havoc in the kingdom.\nOobleck is a non-Newtonian fluid, which becomes solid under pressure and flows like a liquid in absence of pressure! Very interesting to play with!!\nTo make your own, you will need:\n- 1 cup water\n- 3 cups cornstarch\n- Food color (optional)\n- A large mixing bowl\n- Start by adding some water to the bowl and add cornstarch bit by bit while mixing\n- You can add some food color in a little amount of water and add the colored water to the mixture at this stage\n- Keep adding in cornstarch and stirring until it reaches a gooey consistency.\n- If the mixture is still looking a bit watery, add a little more cornstarch.\n- Play with it!\nHere are some ideas for playing with your magic goo:\n- Have a win-win game with a friend. Show the Oobleck to him and ask if it is solid or liquid. Now, ask him to punch the oobleck while it is in the bowl. Is it liquid or solid?\n- Make some red color Oobleck. Grab a handful and squeeze it. Let it ooze through your fingers for your imitation of dripping blood like the horror movies!\n- Make an Oobleck puddle and quickly drag your fingers through it.\n- Put it into a plastic container and shake it or quickly bump it against a table. Turn it into a magic trick to scare your mom!\n- Jab at the mixture and then slowly let your finger sink in.\n- Roll some Oobleck into a ball. It becomes solid, but when you stop moving it, it will melt back into your hand.\nThe Science of Oobleck\nTo solidify a normal liquid like water, what would you do? You will decrease the temperature. In case of this Oobleck, the scenario is somewhat different, because the surface of the Oobleck becomes hard when pressure is applied over the surface of the liquid. As soon as you release the pressure applied over its surface, it becomes liquid. The reason behind this behavior is interesting: the reason behind the solidification of the surface of the Oobleck lies in the fact that the cornstarch molecules are large in size. They are forced to come together and form a solid surface! So, the pressure applied by you is the main cause of solidification. Such kind of pressure dependent liquids are termed as non—Newtonian liquid as they don’t follow the laws given by Newton for the behavior of viscosity.\nDoes science sound fun to you? Why don’t you try our Science O’ Fun boxes?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://yourtechspace.com/dyson-pure-humidify-cool-3-in-1-air-purifier", "date": "2023-11-29T03:09:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00279.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9368374943733215, "token_count": 166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__293550125", "lang": "en", "text": "With the Dyson Pure Humidify + Cool 3-in-1 Air Purifier, you’ll have the versatility 3 different gadget in one. This multifunctional appliance acts as a fan, air purifier, and humidifier all in one. It’s able to recognize what the air in your room needs and takes care of it for you.\nThe fan captures gases and particles while also emitting air that’s both purified and humidified back into your atmosphere. So, you’re sure to be breathing fresh and clean oxygen.\nAdditionally, it will remove 99.9% of the bacteria in your air and the humidifier uses HEPA and activated carbon filters to capture up to 99.97% of the gases as well as particles as small as 0.3 microns.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.tribestan.org/", "date": "2018-04-22T10:11:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945584.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422100104-20180422120104-00485.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9316669702529907, "token_count": 1946, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__27587889", "lang": "en", "text": "- Tribulus Terrestris!\nNatural, Safe, Has No Toxicity, No Contradictions, And No Side Effects.\n- Higher levels of testosterone\n- Reduced catabolism\n- Speeds recuperation\n- Favorable influence on sleep, irritability or apathy.\nTribestan, a patented extract of the Tribulus Terrestris L. Plant from Bulgaria, is also called Puncture Vine. It is without a doubt, the strongest and closest herbal alternative to anabolic prohormones.\nAlong with increasing natural testosterone levels, toxicity levels have not been reported or found in clinical studies. Protein synthesis, the use of proteins by the body to increase muscle density and lean mass, and a positive nitrogen balance have been attributed to the effects of testosterone. A \"positive nitrogen balance\" refers to the rate of protein synthesis in the body. The body is in positive nitrogen balance when the rate of protein synthesis exceeds the rate of protein breakdown.\nTribestan works to enhance mood, self-esteem, workout intensity, performance, strength, and the immune system. Tribestan is used by top athletes and bodybuilders. Tribulus Terrestris won't show up on any drug-test. It is natural, safe, has no toxicity, no contradictions, and no side effects (other than increased muscle growth, lean mass, and strength).\nTribestan contains flavonoid glycosides and furostanol saponins (protodioscin) as active components. It also contains some of the highest levels of saponins among Tribulus extracts.\nThe Eastern Bloc... countries like Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, for years have dominated Olympic weightlifting because unlike the U.S., it's a \"big deal\". In fact Olympic weightlifters in Eastern Bloc countries have the same celebrity status as pro football and baseball players here! And when money and fame are involved, athletes will use every trick in the book to gain an advantage in size and strength. And in each issue of PUMP, Emeric Delczeg, the world's leading authority on Eastern Bloc methods will reveal a few of these tricks!\nTribestan (pronounced \"trib eh stan\", not \"try beh stan\") is the most potent testosterone-enhancing supplement in the world, Within days of using it, your strength levels will increase. And that will result in gains in muscularity and mass because you'll be able to train more intensely and heavier. Plus you'll be able to assimilate protein at a more rapid rate. And since muscle is comprised of and built with protein -- the more you can utilize the greater the possibility for growth. So you should eat more protein for faster gains in lean mass.\nSince Tribestan is so potent and effective for raising testosterone levels, how come you've never used it? Why are you still sitting on the fence? It's legal and readily available ... and really works by stimulating your pituitary to release luteinizing hormone-which causes your testes to produce more testosterone.\nThe main reason you've never used Tribestan is because you simply don't know what it is or what it will do for you. No one's ever really taken the time to tell you much about it. Plus, you may have assumed that Tribulus terrestris (a more popular and well known supplement), would provide you with all the benefits associated with Tribestan. That's a major problem because Tribulus terrestris has been confused with Tribestan for the past several years. But they are not the same thing ... not even close.\nTribulus terrestris is a non-hormone plant that grows on beaches all over the world. Tribestan is made from the Tribulus terrestris plant, but that's where the connection ends. If they're made from the same plant, how can they not be the same thing? Stay with me, because I'm sure you're a little confused. But, I'll explain everything so you'll easily understand it.\nImagine if you wanted to make fresh squeezed orange juice at home. Of course you need oranges -- but the oranges are not orange juice. With the oranges, you've got the peel, the rind, the pulp, the seeds, and the flesh of the fruit. And if you squeeze the oranges, you can get juice from them. So if you effectively \"extract\" the juice, from the orange, you'll have what you want -- the orange juice. And you'll also have what you made that juice from -- several bruised and squashed orange remnants ... the stuff you don't want. And if you've ever squeezed oranges to make juice, you know how many it takes to make even a small glass of orange juice. It seems like a whole bag makes only about 6 ounces and takes forever-plus you make a big mess doing it.\nSo think of Tribulus terrestris as the oranges and Tribestan as being the orange juice. Just as the juice is extracted from the orange, Tribestan is extracted from Tribulus terrestris. The juice comes from the orange and Tribestan comes from Tribulus terrestris, but Tribestan is not Tribulus terrestris any more than orange juice is orange peel or seeds.\nIt takes 2000 lbs of Tribulus Terrestris to make just 40 lbs of Tribestan. So you can see that by taking Tribulus terrestris in the attempt to get enough of the active ingredients in Tribestan, you would have to take 50 times as much. And even then, you wouldn't be getting enough. Plus it would actually be dangerous to take that much Tribulus terrestris. I'll get to that later.\nThough Tribulus terrestris is abundant all over the world, in Bulgaria they add a specific fertilizer to the soil so that when the plant is harvested it yields 4 times more active ingredients than any other Tribulus terrestris. Protodioscin and protogracillin are the active ingredients that are extracted from Tribulus terrestris to make Tribestan. And they are responsible for increasing testosterone levels.\nIt's a slightly more complicated process than that, though. When you take Tribestan, your pituitary releases luteinizing hormone, which is responsible for stimulating the testes to produce testosterone. It's common for levels of both luteinizing hormone and testosterone to decrease when you are taking steroids or even when you use the testosterone boosters. This is because when the body senses an external source of testosterone, it will decrease the amount of testosterone it produces to maintain homeostasis. That means your body will always attempt to balance itself.\nThat's why many people who have taken steroids for long periods of time experience a dramatic reduction in the amount of testosterone they produce and some even suffer a complete shutdown. That's how some bodybuilders become sterile or impotent. They rely on outside sources of testosterone so much that their own system for testosterone production becomes inactive (dormant).\nThe reason why Tribestan works so well is because it is not an external source of testosterone or a precursor to testosterone. It doesn't supply testosterone. It stimulates your body to produce more of its own testosterone. And even in situations where people are taking steroids and their natural testosterone production has diminished, it can raise testosterone production back up to normal levels.\nSopharma (the pharmaceutical company that manufactures Tribestan) developed the technology to extract the protodioscin and protogracillin (the active ingredients in Tribestan) from the Tribulus terrestris plant. In 1956, they began researching Tribulus terrestris in order to isolate the active ingredients. Once they discovered protodioscin and protogracillin, they experimented with animals and followed 9 generations of each species and didn't observe any negative side-effects from the use of Tribestan.\nIn 1976, the product was finally made available, but only in Eastern Europe. That's when I first started using it. I was on the Romanian National Weightlifting team and that's the only reason I had access to it. You couldn't just buy it in the pharmacy. It was only available to athletes through the sports association. All the weightlifters used it in conjunction with steroids and especially when they stopped their steroid cycles.\nTribestan is one of the most Powerful supplements legally available on the market today. However, you're just now recognizing that fact. Since there are still many questions on Tribestan, here are many answers that will provide all the information you need.\nServing Size:1 Tablet\nServings Per Container:60\n||Amount Per Serving\n||% Daily Value*\n|Polyplasdone XL (Crospovidon)\nMicrochristaline Cellulose, Cabosil, Polyplasdone, Polyvinilpirolidone, Film Coating And Magnesium Stearate.\nMen And Women- Most Commonly, The Dose Is 1 To 2 Filmtabs 3 Times Daily, During Meals.\nThis Product Is Not Intended For Use By Those With A Serious Medical Condition Or Pregnant Or Lactating Women. Consult Your Physician Before Use. Do not exceed recommended serving size.\nThese statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.abcpoolsafety.org/mechanism-for-water-purification/", "date": "2024-04-22T18:17:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818337.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422175900-20240422205900-00004.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.945711612701416, "token_count": 305, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__40204274", "lang": "en", "text": "Your dwelling’s water is almost surely polluted. That’s because cities augment chemicals to all water in their systems to kill germs and eradicate other toxins. But the same things that kill germs can make you sick as well. For this reason, it’s an upright idea to investigate purchasing a home water purifier.\nThe humblest water filtration system is the activated carbon or ceramic water filter. Both of these systems use a granulated chemical – activated charcoal in the first case, organic diatomaceous earth (which is silicon-heavy) in the next case. There are also deluge filters based on the same thought that use metallic filters because they function much better at high temperatures. In each case, water is forced through the filter by your water system’s normal pressure.\nAs it goes through the water purifier, the chemicals inside the channel take hold of pollution in the water, however permit filtered water to go ahead through the framework. Residue, germs, and certain chemicals are all left in the channel, which is changed for another one occasionally. These water cleansing frameworks are the least expensive home water purifiers.\nIn more perplexing water filtration frameworks, various water purifiers are utilized to exploit their diverse qualities. The most well-known framework is based around an opposite osmosis water purifier, however the water coming in is initially constrained through an enacted carbon channel, then permitted into the converse osmosis channel framework.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.aqualifefiltration.com/", "date": "2024-04-12T18:37:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816045.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412163227-20240412193227-00359.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8970035910606384, "token_count": 395, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__62176403", "lang": "en", "text": "Welcome to the\nPure Water Store\nby Aqualife Filtration Systems\nDo you make sure you’re drinking water enough to stay healthy? Are you worried about what might be lurking in your tap or bottled water? The team at Aqualife Filtration Systems is dedicated to helping the Contra Costa County get healthier by providing fresh drinking water to each of our customers. Purified fresh for you in-store, we will make sure you and your family have the fresh drinking water you need to stay healthy and hydrated.\nIn addition to our Ultra Pure Water, we now also offer:\nAlkaline Mineral Water pH9+\nUpgrade Your Hydration with Our Premium Alkaline Water\nLooking for water that goes beyond basic hydration? Our alkaline water is packed with natural minerals and antioxidants to support your overall health and well-being.\nWhat makes our water different?\nPurified and Enhanced: We start with purified water and add essential ionic minerals like calcium, potassium, and magnesium using an FDA-approved and NSF-certified filtration process. This ensures a clean, balanced taste and optimal mineral absorption.\nPowerful pH 9+: Our water boasts a pH level of 9+, which may help neutralize acidity in your body and promote overall well-being.\nLong-Lasting Antioxidants: Enjoy sustained antioxidant benefits thanks to our unique process that preserves their potency.\nCellular-Level Absorption: Ionic minerals are absorbed more readily by your cells compared to minerals found in other water sources.\nExperience the Difference\nVisit us at 3162 Contra Loma Blvd. in Antioch, CA, and discover the difference our premium alkaline water can make. We're open Monday-Saturday from 9 am to 6 pm.\nStart your journey to healthier hydration today!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://agma.glass/news/oshas-revised-hazard-communication-requirements-are-now-in-effect/", "date": "2024-02-29T05:14:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474784.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229035411-20240229065411-00490.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9063774943351746, "token_count": 199, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__60766918", "lang": "en", "text": "On June 1, 2015 chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers were required to start providing a common approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets. Chemical manufacturers and importers must provide a label that includes a signal word, pictogram, hazard statement, and precautionary statement for each hazard class and category.\nThe June 1 deadline was established when OSHA aligned its Hazard Communication Standard in 2012 with the global standard for chemical product labeling. The provisions for labeling offer workers better protection from chemical hazards, while also reducing trade barriers and improving productivity for American businesses that regularly handle, store, and use hazardous chemicals. The updated standard also provides cost savings for American businesses that periodically update safety data sheets and labels for chemicals covered under the standard, saving businesses millions of dollars each year.\nThe new format for Safety Data Sheets requires 16 specific sections to ensure consistency in presentation of important protection information. For more information, see OSHA’s Hazard Communication webpage.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://blessedbeboutique.com/pages/will-my-jewelry-tarnish", "date": "2024-03-02T03:42:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475727.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302020802-20240302050802-00494.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9446411728858948, "token_count": 1438, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__162022395", "lang": "en", "text": "We carry Sterling Silver, Silver Plated, Gold Plated, Rose Gold Plated, Stainless Steel and Rhodium Plated Jewelry.\nWhat's the difference? See our descriptions below!\nWhat is 925 sterling silver and can it change color and tarnish??\nSterling silver, even real .925 sterling silver, will always tarnish. While pure 99.9% silver is less likely to tarnish, any sterling silver will tarnish as a result of the metal mixed in. Pure silver is too soft to be used in jewelry crafting. Therefore, jewelers will often add a small quantity of copper to strengthen the silver. The resulting product is .925 sterling silver, which contains 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% copper. It is the primary material used for silver jewelry. Unfortunately, because of the metals added, sterling silver, even real .925 sterling silver, will always tarnish.\nTarnishing does not mean that the silver is low purity. That is why Blessed Be includes a cleaning cloth with every order. Using a cleaning cloth is one of the best and easiest ways to clean your tarnished or oxidized silver.\nHowever, fortunately there are many ways to keep sterling silver from tarnishing.\n- If you throw a few pieces of chalk in with your sterling silver jewelry, the chalk will absorb any moisture and help prevent tarnishing.\n- Use silica packs: When you buy new clothing or shows, sometimes you'll find silica packs in with them. Hold onto them and toss them in your jewelry box.\n- Corrosion in sterling silver takes place when silver gets into contact with salty solution or chemicals. Therefore it is very important to keep jewelry away from salt water or any house products or toiletries solution.\n- Can you shower with sterling silver? It’s basically fine. But we do not encourage our customers to wear your sterling silver when showering. Water generally doesn’t harm sterling silver, but there is a good chance that it could lead to tarnishing. In short, do not wear silver in the shower or when doing dishes.\n- Avoid wearing jewelry in activities that make you sweat, such as outdoor chores or sports.\n- Last to put on, first to take off. Another important rule to prevent silver from tarnishing is that your jewelry should be the last thing you put on, after applying make-up and perfume and the first to be taken off, before your shower or activities. This is to preventing contact between any possible chemicals or salty sweat and your silver.\n- Consider your home and work environment. Examine your job or environment to see if you deal with chemicals or other solutions on a regular basis. If that’s the case, remove your silver before working with chemicals. For example, people working at cosmetics or perfume sales job might find themselves having to clean their silver jewelry more regularly.\n- If you are living in a rather polluted environment, your jewelry might tarnish faster due to high level of sulphur in the air. As a result, it will need more regular polishing as well.\n- It might just be your body chemicals. In some rare cases, certain people’s sweat could react more with silver, resulting in faster tarnishing. This can become even more pronounced if the person is eating certain foods or using certain medication.\n- Wear it regularly. After reading all these tips, you may want to store your sterling silver and never wear it. But that’s the last thing you should do. One of the best ways to keep sterling silver beautiful is to wear it. As soon as you wipe it off and take care of it, it should look new and last a long time.\n- In short, wear your jewelry regularly but do take them off at night, and keep them away from light and moisture and preferably in a Ziploc bag. Otherwise, prepare to polish and clean them more regularly in order to maintain their perfect shine.\nAfter reading all these tips, you might be inclined to throw your sterling silver jewelry into storage for life and never wear it. But that's the last thing you should do.\nIf you want to keep your sterling silver jewelry looking its best, the most effective way to do it is to take it out and wear it all the time. As long as you wipe it down when you're done wearing it, it should look like new at all times and last forever.\nHere is a great home remedy that is used to clean sterling silver jewelry:\n- Line a bowl with aluminum foil and top with salt, baking soda, and dish detergent.\n- Add hot water and drop in your jewelry, letting it sit for 10 minutes.\n- Gently scrub with an old toothbrush.\n- Rinse and pat dry with paper towel.\nWhat about silver, gold and rose gold plated items?\nPlated items, which have an industry standard of 0.15 to 0.25 mils thickness of gold, silver or nickel plated to the surface of the base metal, look very similar to precious metal findings. They are somewhat more brittle and tarnish easier, although are quite a bit less expensive than the precious-metal type. Blessed Be does not carry gold karat jewelry. We clearly mark our jewelry as Gold-Plated, Silver-Plated and Rose Gold-Plated. The majority of our pieces are fashion jewelry and semi-fine jewelry, not fine jewelry.\nWhat about stainless steel?\nWe carry quite a few pieces that are stainless steel. Though it is not the same color as fine silver, it has an attractive muted grey color and can have a shiny (highly polished) or matte (brushed) finish. Stainless steel is much more tarnish resistant. An added bonus is that stainless steel jewelry is an excellent alternative for wearers with allergies and sensitivity to base metals such as copper or brass. It is quickly becoming one of the most popular types of metal used in jewelry making due to the fact of its long-lasting durability.\nWhat is Rhodium Plating and why is it more expensive?\nRhodium belongs to the Platinum group of metals. It is a precious metal, like gold, silver or platinum, only more expensive, because it is very rare in nature. Rhodium makes an excellent plating material to help give a higher sheen to silver or white gold pieces. It is also harder than both silver and gold so it makes an excellent protective coat that shields jewelry from scratches. It does NOT tarnish and is a great recommendation for those who are allergic to silver. However only a thin layer of rhodium is used when plating. This layer can eventually starts to wear due to excessive friction or wear but should retain its look indefinitely.\nThe best way to ensure rhodium plated jewelry lasts as long as possible, keep it clean with a mixture of mild liquid shampoo and water. Do not use chemical cleaners on rhodium plated jewelry.\nWe truly hope you enjoy your Blessed Be jewelry and gifts!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://hdcproductsinc.com/the-truth-about-salt-sanitizing-pools-spas/", "date": "2023-09-23T02:15:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00219.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9295555949211121, "token_count": 211, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__180663254", "lang": "en", "text": "“California Polytechnic State University’s National Pool Industry Research Center conducted a study examining the rise of pH levels in swimming pools sanitized with salt.\nResearchers tested pH levels every Monday, Wednesday and Friday over the course of several weeks. pH was adjusted to 7.4 after every Friday reading. Over the weekend, pH spiked from 7.4 to 8.0.\nThe pH in a pool or spa impacts the sanitizer efficacy of chlorine tremendously. For example, at a pH of 7.2, chlorine is 65 percent effective; at 7.8, 32 percent effective; and at 8.0, 20 percent. As you can see, chlorine effectiveness decreases dramatically as the pH in water increases.\nThis study tells us two things: The first is that salt generators will cause the pH in a pool to rise quickly. The second is that once-a-week testing and adjustment is not enough to maintain proper pH levels.”\n-Robert Flynn (www.poolspanews.com)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.ecowood.ro/sawdust-briquettes/eco-briquettes-ruf-made-of-beechwood-10-kg-stretch-foil-110f/?lang=en", "date": "2023-09-25T06:42:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506686.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925051501-20230925081501-00244.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8525123000144958, "token_count": 158, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__119625637", "lang": "en", "text": "ECO-Briquettes RUF made of beechwood, 10 kg, stretch foil\nThey are compressed at a very high pressure and are an additive and binder-free 100% ecological product. We only process untreated, dried sawdust on an average humidity of 8%. The combustion-generated CO2 will further be assimilated by the plants during the growth process while the resulting minimum ash quantity may be used as minerals-reach fertilizer. The high heat content of the briquettes will provide comfortable and cost-effective heating.\n- Original beechwood RUF\n- Packaging: 10 kg stretch foil\n- Heat output: approx. 5 kWh\n- Ash content: approx. 0,9%\n- Humidity: under 10%", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.yancycamp.com/alcohol/effects-of-alcohol/", "date": "2021-05-15T16:41:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243990551.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515161657-20210515191657-00197.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9421684741973877, "token_count": 901, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__80485626", "lang": "en", "text": "When it comes to health and athletic performance, both acute and chronic alcohol use can have deleterious effects. The large variance in the effects of alcohol within and across individuals can be attributed to several factors such as genetics, gender, amount of alcohol ingested, body mass and nutrition status (Barnes, 2014) . Acute alcohol consumption can influence motor skills, hydration status, aerobic performance and certain aspects of the recovery process. Chronic alcohol use can have more serious repercussions including nutritional deficiencies and depressed immune function, resulting in increased risk of injury and prolonged healing (Barnes, 2014) .\nUpon ingestion, ethanol (the chemical name for alcohol) is readily absorbed all throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with 25% absorbing straight from the stomach into the bloodstream (Cederbaum, 2012). The rate of absorption into the bloodstream depends on a few factors, namely the amount of food in the stomach (more food present slows the absorption rate) and the alcohol content of the drink (a higher alcohol content increases the rate). The remaining 75% is metabolized primarily in the liver. Ethanol metabolism produces the toxic byproducts acetaldehyde and acetate (Cederbaum, 2012). Although generally short-lived, acetaldehyde is a highly toxic substance and known carcinogen which has the potential to cause significant damage, not only to the liver but also the pancreas, brain and along the GI tract where some alcohol metabolism also occurs. The tissue damage and inflammation caused by alcohol and its toxic byproducts can compromise nutrient digestion and metabolism, and over time lead to more serious health problems (Cederbaum, 2012).\nAlthough alcohol is certainly not needed by the body in large (or any) amounts, it is considered its own class of macronutrient. Alcohol is metabolized differently than the other macronutrients and is energy-dense, containing 7 calories per gram (almost double that of carbs and protein, and second to fat in terms of energy density). In addition to its high calorie content, alcohol provides little in the way of nutrients and is therefore often considered “empty calories”.\nEven though alcohol is not stored in the body, it affects the metabolism of other nutrients which can result in additional fat storage and body composition changes. Because it is so toxic, the body prioritizes the metabolism of alcohol over everything else until it’s completely burned off, which means the processing of carbs, fat and protein is put “on hold”. Only, “on hold” in the body signifies fat storage (Cederbaum, 2012). Since alcohol is frequently paired with the consumption of food and other drinks, these fat-storing effects are often further amplified. Drinking on an empty stomach, however, is not an effective alternative, as doing so leads to rapid gastric emptying and consequent increased state of inebriation, not to mention a whole host of unpleasant symptoms to look forward to including electrolyte imbalances, gastric irritation, hypoglycemia and sleep disturbances (Barnes, 2014).\nIt doesn’t help that alcohol has been shown to affect hormone production and secretion, particularly those involved in muscle growth. Researchers Haugvad et al. found an increase in cortisol production (which stimulates protein breakdown) and decrease in testosterone secretion (which stimulates protein synthesis) with high doses of alcohol. With frequent occurrence, these effects can negatively impact body composition and muscular adaptations to training stimuli.\nAll this being said, will a drink or two every now and then really throw off your training and performance goals? We wouldn’t say so. However, we also wouldn’t go around touting the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption from epidemiological studies. These studies can’t draw “cause and effect” relationships, but rather associations, which means there’s a lot of potential confounding variables that can affect study outcomes. If you are going to drink, we recommend keeping consumption low and preferably post-training (rather than before). If you do choose to drink afterwards, it’s important to prioritize an alternative hydration option and some form of post-workout nutrition (carb and protein combo) first. We also highly recommend nonalcoholic beer, which is becoming increasingly popular within the athletic community, from companies like Athletic Brewing. Without the alcohol, beer contains some of the essentials for post-workout nutrition, including carbs and electrolytes.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.dgm-australia.com.au/dangerous-goods-consultancy/", "date": "2021-01-21T01:23:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703522150.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121004224-20210121034224-00176.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8461630940437317, "token_count": 328, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__163992748", "lang": "en", "text": "Project specific dangerous goods & hazardous chemical compliance assessment, advice, solutions and implementation.\nCreate value for your business with dangerous goods compliant processes and systems. Explore new insights, experience tangible outcomes. Let DGM Australia navigate the maze on your behalf. Contact us to make use of our high-end dangerous goods consulting services.\nDGM Australia provides a wide range of dangerous goods consultancy services to support and monitor customer needs & compliance where dangerous goods and hazardous chemicals are involved.\nWe have many years of experience with setting up, maintaining and assessing hazardous chemical storage systems, GHS systems & dangerous goods transport systems. Risk assessments and hazard analysis according to health, safety and hazardous chemical regulations & and customers’ requirements are considered when drafting dangerous goods & hazardous chemical consultancy projects and processes.\nIf you are new to hazardous chemicals, or more experienced and in need of advice regarding dangerous goods regulations for transport, storage and safe handling, our experienced team will assist. Our dangerous goods consulting service answers your questions to puts you on the right track.\nRequest more information\nRobert Hoogervorst, Managing Director, DGM Australia\nAreas of consultancy services:\n- Storage and handling of Hazardous Chemicals\n- Global Harmonized System – GHS\n- Air (IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations – DGR)\n- Sea (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code – IMDG)\n- Road (Australian Dangerous Goods Code & Australian Explosives Code)\n- Hazardous Chemical Consultancy – Audits\n- Dangerous Goods Management Systems Implementation\n- Hazard Risk Assessment\n- (M)SDS: (Material) Safety Data Sheet review", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://neofloor.com.vn/what-is-so-special-about-the-core-layer-of-neo-floor-spc-flooring/", "date": "2023-12-03T11:22:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100499.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203094028-20231203124028-00129.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8968563675880432, "token_count": 789, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__304219749", "lang": "en", "text": "What is so special about the core layer of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring?\nNEOFLOOR SPC Flooring has recently been the focus of the market by overcoming the disadvantages of traditional flooring types and possessing many other preeminent features. So which secret has great merit making the outstanding advantages of the floor? The answer lies within the SPC core layer. In the article below, let’s learn more about the NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring’s core.\n1. Composition of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring\n- NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring has five innovative layers:\n- UV coating: function to prevent harmful effects of UV rays, avoid color fading, antibacterial, make floor cleaning easy.\n- Anti-scratch layer: this is a transparent PVC plastic layer with anti-scratch, anti-wear, anti-slip effects, increasing the durability of the floor.\n- Pattern film layer: increase the floor’s aesthetics thanks to the most beautiful and realistic wood, stone, and carpet textures.\n- SPC core layer: a mixture of CaCO3 white limestone powder and PVC primary plastic. This crucial layer creates quality for the floor, which is water-resistant, moisture resistant, fire retardant, does not warp, shrinks and says “no” to termites.\n- EVA or IXPE insoles have smooth surface treatment, sound absorption, and noise resistance.\n2. What’s so special about NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring’s core layer\n2.1 Structure of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring’s core layer\nThe core layer of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring has a composition of over 70% stone powder, and the rest is PVC primary resin and plasticizer additives. After melting PVC plastic, it will be mixed with stone powder to bind and create a plastic film covering the stone powder particles. The above mixture will be extruded into sheets, cooled and stabilized, and will create a solid structure that is hard, durable, but still highly flexible.\nWith the inert properties of the material, this layer also creates other outstanding features of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring: absolute water resistance, no warping, shrinking, non-combustible, non-combustible, and non-smoke when direct contact with fire.\n2.2 The best marble raw material source in the world\nCaCO3 white limestone is the primary material to create the core layer of NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring products. This raw material is mined at a quarry in Thung Hung mountain, Quy Hop, Nghe An. This quarry is rated as one of the best marble sources globally in terms of whiteness and brightness. With an area of up to 10 hectares, with a reserve of 5,000,000m3, this quarry meets raw materials for NEOFLOOR two SPC flooring factories in Dong Nai and Hai Phong, with a total capacity of 26 million m2 of floor/year.\n2.3 Modern machinery and technology lines\nBoth NEOFLOOR SPC flooring factories use the most modern and advanced technology. As a result, production efficiency increases, costs are reduced, toxic substances are not released into the environment, and the products produced are of the best quality.\nIn addition, NEOFLOOR SPC flooring factories all use clean solar energy to operate. So, besides bringing highests quality products, NEOFLOOR also contributes to protecting the green – clean – beautiful environment.\nWe hope the above data has helped you have more information about quality products NEO SPC Flooring. With outstanding qualities and features, NEOFLOOR SPC Flooring confidently brings customers satisfaction and experiences that exceed expectations.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://woodcraftsbydesign.com/main-pages/wood-care-main-page.html", "date": "2017-07-25T16:29:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549425339.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725162520-20170725182520-00267.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9527318477630615, "token_count": 129, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__205900273", "lang": "en", "text": "|Stop damaging your precious wood finishes with bad cleaning products containing Silicone and/or Linseed Oil!\nProducts containing Silicone and/or Linseed Oil damage your fine woods and finishes! Both are known to cause irreparable damage to wood furnishings. Silicones seal the wood so it can't breathe, causing the finish to crack over time. They also make it almost impossible to apply new finish during restoration, causing craters and fisheyes. Linseed Oil is a drying agent, which dries up the essential oils within the wood, which may lead to wood warping, cracking, splitting and other harmful effects.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://vapefuse.com/how-vaporizers-work/", "date": "2020-04-07T16:34:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371803248.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407152449-20200407182949-00518.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9417557716369629, "token_count": 942, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__172172385", "lang": "en", "text": "So have you ever wondered how your vaporizer actually works? Or are you about to embark on the journey of vaping but want to know how it ‘ticks’ before investing in this new activity?\nWell it’s actually fascinating to look at the science of vaping and how the process actually works. In this article you are going to be taken behind the scenes of how vaping works… enjoy!\nThe Science Behind the Heating: Conduction vs. Convection\nFirstly, there are two main ways a vaporizer will heat your oils or dry herbs, through…\nConduction or Convection\nYou would have been taught about this in high school but for some of us that were a long time ago, so lets recap!\nSo what is the difference between the two?\nConduction heat transfer the heat of energy through direct contact like a kettle to stove.\nConvection heating is the moment of hot air in and around the desired material, much like how your blow dryer works.\nDifferent vaporizers use different methods so it’s worth knowing which does what and what you would prefer.\nConvection and Conduction the Pros & Cons of both\nWhile there are pros and cons to both the vast consciences is conduction vaporizers are less efficient. This because any material heated through conduction will be unevenly vaped, so requires stirring or shaking between draws and are at higher risk of combustion. Since conduction was the first type originally offered the plus side to them is they’re inexpensive and usually have faster heating abilities.\nHowever, most vape enthusiasts will agree the only con to convection heating is the initial expense and the slightly slower warm up times, but it more than pays for itself after the first use with amazing pros like more accurate temperature control, even heating of the materials (dry herbs or oils), and much lower risk of combustion.\nWhat signs to look for when looking for a conduction vaporizer?\nThe three main signs it’s most likely a conduction vaporizer are:\nBattery powered heating chamber\nOpen flame heating plates\nButane powered heating chambers.\nWhat signs to look for when looking for a convection vaporizer?\nConvection vaporizers will usually have an,\nInternal fan also known as forced air\nFan assist function\nWhat happens when I draw, is the inhale different?\nVaporizing is different to smoking say a cigarette. When vaping it’s important to take longer, slower draws or inhales. While some users inhale to the lungs others find the effects work simply by holding the vapors in their mouth for a few minutes, similar to the way one smokes a cigar.\nThe draw or inhale is all about your personal preference while some devices may offer suggestions or guides on the best way to vape with their device.\nHow does your body consume the vapor so you feel its effects?\nVapor is a form of gas, thus cause a reaction instantly. The body’s ability to use this vapor medicinally/therapeutically works fast because the lungs inhale it and then it’s in your bloodstream right away. It’s the vapor of the essential oil or herb, so there is no digestive work that goes into using the medicinal effects, the vapor stores those compounds and the results are fast acting.\nVapor Therapy is essentially the vapor (steam or gas) that you inhale in order to receive the plant or oil benefits. A neti pot, steam shower or inhaling steam by any form is technically vapor therapy.\nDoes vaporizing smell?\nVaporizing is barely noticeable compared to other methods such as traditional smoking. Usually a window open will completely rid your area of the smell within a few mins. However, with a good quality device and if you are using it properly you should barely notice any smell.\nThere are products you can buy to help combat smells or second vapors such as smoke buddy.\nDoes vaporizing cause smoke?\nThe actual burning of the material, whether it’s oils or dry herbs, is usually contained in some sort of glass bubble. All the vapors that accumulate will be either in the whip tubing or balloon bag of your device. Once you have inhaled or taken your draw the amount of vapors expelled from your mouth is very minimal and dissipates within a few second to minutes.\nAnd that’s it for your Science lesson today!\nWe hope that you are now more informed on the mechanics and science of vaporizing and that it will make your experience more enjoyable.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.cancerforums.net/threads/5164-C-3-R-extracted-from-black-raspberries-kills-leukemia-cells", "date": "2017-04-30T10:59:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125074.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00596-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9578726887702942, "token_count": 422, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__11293925", "lang": "en", "text": "C-3-R extracted from black raspberries kills leukemia cells\nAntioxidant Found in Many Foods and Red Wine is Potent and Selective Killer of Leukemia Cells\nA naturally occurring compound found in many fruits and vegetables as well as red wine, selectively kills leukemia cells in culture while showing no discernible toxicity against healthy cells, according to a study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. These findings, which were published online March 20 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and will be in press on May 4, offer hope for a more selective, less toxic therapy for leukemia. \"Current treatments for leukemia, such as chemotherapy and radiation, often damage healthy cells and tissues and can produce unwanted side effects for many years afterward. So, there is an intensive search for more targeted therapies for leukemia worldwide,\" said corresponding author Xiao-Ming Yin, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Yin and his collaborators studied the effects and the mechanisms of the most common type of a naturally modified anthocyanidin, known as cyanidin-3-rutinoside, or C-3-R, which was extracted and purified from black raspberries, in several leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. They found that C-3-R caused about 50 percent of a human leukemia cell line known as HL-60 to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis, within about 18 hours of treatment at low doses. When they more than doubled the concentration of C-3-R, virtually all of the leukemia cells became apoptotic and died. C-3-R also induced apoptosis in other human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines.\nMedical News Today\nThere is one thing to keep in mind when reading information of this kind and that is this: It is very difficult to reproduce the outcomes in humans as derived from a test tube, simply because lympocytes in the human body are kept alive by the human body. So what occurs in the test tube may not work once introduced to humans.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://clevelandpap.com/ceramic-coating-explained/", "date": "2024-02-29T22:10:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474853.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229202522-20240229232522-00429.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9350108504295349, "token_count": 623, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__1574207", "lang": "en", "text": "Cleveland Power and Performance is proud to offer ceramic coating services. Ceramic coating is a great way to protect the paint on your pride and joy. Lets take a look at what ceramic coating really means.\nCeramic coating is a liquid polymer applied to the exterior surfaces of a vehicle, forming a chemically bonded protective layer. This layer acts as a shield against a range of environmental contaminants, including bird droppings, tree sap, bugs, road salts, and UV rays. By creating a hydrophobic surface, water and other liquids bead up and roll off, preventing the formation of stubborn stains and minimizing the risk of paint damage.\nProlonged Aesthetic Appeal:\nOne of the most significant advantages of ceramic coating is its ability to preserve the vehicle’s original appearance. The coating enhances the paint’s depth and gloss, providing a showroom-quality finish that lasts for an extended period. Unlike traditional wax or sealant, ceramic coatings do not wear off easily, ensuring that your vehicle maintains its sleek and glossy finish through various weather conditions and daily wear and tear.\nCeramic coatings make cleaning and maintaining your vehicle a breeze. The hydrophobic nature of the coating repels dirt and contaminants, reducing the adhesion of particles to the surface. This means less time spent scrubbing and polishing your car, as well as a decreased reliance on harsh cleaning chemicals that can potentially damage the paint. With a simple wash, your vehicle can regain its pristine appearance.\nResistance to Chemical Damage:\nRoad salts, bug splatter, bird droppings, and tree sap are not just unsightly; they can also cause irreversible damage to your vehicle’s paint over time. Ceramic coatings provide a protective barrier that resists the corrosive effects of these contaminants, preventing them from etching into the paintwork. This chemical resistance is a key factor in preserving the integrity of your vehicle’s appearance and ensuring its long-term value.\nProlonged exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays can lead to paint fading and oxidation. Ceramic coatings act as a shield against UV rays, preventing them from penetrating and damaging the paint. By adding this extra layer of protection, you not only maintain the vibrant color of your vehicle but also contribute to the longevity of its overall exterior condition.\nIn the world of automotive care, ceramic coating has emerged as a transformative solution that goes beyond traditional methods of preserving a vehicle’s appearance. The unparalleled protection, prolonged aesthetic appeal, simplified maintenance, resistance to chemical damage, and UV protection make ceramic coating a worthy investment for those looking to safeguard and enhance the beauty of their cherished automobiles. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, ceramic coating stands out as a beacon of innovation, offering a superior level of care for vehicles that deserve nothing but the best.\nIf you are in need of ceramic coating service, please reach out to us to set up an appointment. Call us at 440-236-9003 or email firstname.lastname@example.org today!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mvnoblog.com/telekom-joins-energy-web-liquid-electrolyte-batteries/", "date": "2023-09-22T18:27:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00328.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9030191898345947, "token_count": 1305, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__95805419", "lang": "en", "text": "Telekom Joins Energy Web, Liquid Electrolyte Batteries\nIn today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, staying up to date with the latest trends is crucial. This article dives into three exciting developments making waves: Deutsche Telekom’s partnership with Energy Web, the emergence of liquid electrolyte batteries, and the prospects of 6G wireless technology. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize industries, reshape connectivity, and drive us toward a more sustainable future. Read on to explore these trending technologies and their implications.\nDeutsche Telekom Partners with Energy Web\n1.1 Overview of Deutsche Telekom: Deutsche Telekom is one of the world’s leading telecommunications companies, providing a wide range of services to customers globally. As the industry increasingly embraces renewable energy and sustainability, Deutsche Telekom has joined forces with Energy Web to pave the way for a greener future.\n1.2 Energy Web: A Decentralized Energy Platform: Energy Web is a global non-profit organization focused on accelerating the adoption of clean energy. Their decentralized energy platform utilizes blockchain technology to create a transparent and efficient energy marketplace. Deutsche Telekom’s partnership with Energy Web signifies a commitment to leveraging blockchain and other emerging technologies to drive the transition toward sustainable energy systems.\n1.3 The Implications: The collaboration between Deutsche Telekom and Energy Web holds several implications. By integrating blockchain technology, the partners aim to create a transparent, decentralized marketplace for energy exchange. This can enable the seamless integration of renewable energy sources, improve grid efficiency, and empower consumers to participate actively in the energy market.\nLiquid Electrolyte Batteries:\nA Promising Energy Storage Solution\n2.1 The Need for Energy Storage: As renewable energy sources like solar and wind become more prevalent, the need for efficient energy storage solutions grows. Liquid electrolyte batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional solid-state batteries, offering several advantages.\n2.2 Liquid Electrolyte Battery Technology: Liquid electrolyte batteries employ a liquid electrolyte solution to facilitate the movement of ions between the battery’s electrodes. This design enables higher energy density, faster charging rates, and improved safety compared to conventional batteries.\n2.3 Potential Applications: Liquid electrolyte batteries can revolutionize various industries, including electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronics, and grid-scale energy storage. Their higher energy density and faster charging capabilities address some of the key limitations of current battery technologies, promoting widespread adoption of renewable energy and accelerating the transition to a carbon-neutral society.\nExploring the Prospects of 6G\n3.1 The Evolution of Wireless Technology: With the advent of 5G, the world witnessed a significant leap in wireless connectivity, enabling faster data transfer rates, low latency, and massive device connectivity. However, the tech industry is already looking ahead to the next generation: 6G.\n3.2 What Is 6G? 6G, the sixth generation of wireless technology, is still in its early conceptual stages. However, experts envision it to be exponentially faster, more reliable, and capable of supporting futuristic applications like holographic communication, advanced artificial intelligence (AI), and pervasive virtual reality (VR).\n3.3 Potential Features and Implications: While the exact specifications of 6G are yet to be defined, potential features include terahertz frequency bands, advanced antenna technologies, and enhanced integration of AI. 6G’s capabilities may revolutionize various sectors, including healthcare, transportation, entertainment, and smart cities, unlocking new possibilities and shaping the future of connectivity.\nI-state battery technology\nThe I-state battery technology represents a significant advancement in the field of energy storage. Unlike traditional lithium-ion cells, this technology utilizes a high voltage, high conductivity liquid inorganic electrolyte. The higher voltage provided by I-state batteries enables a more efficient utilization of cathode capacity, allowing for the usage of nearly 100% of the available lithium, as opposed to the 80% utilized by lithium-ion batteries.\nThis increased efficiency has several advantages. Firstly, it enables a substantial reduction in the amount of cathode metals required in the battery, leading to cost reductions and a reduction in the overall weight of electric vehicle (EV) battery packs. In fact, the weight of EV battery packs can be reduced by approximately 8% when compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries.\nMoreover, the I-state technology facilitates stable cycling of manganese-containing cathodes, which reduces the need for expensive nickel content. This paves the way for the development of manganese-rich chemistries, further enhancing cost-effectiveness and sustainability.\nInnolith, the company behind the I-state battery technology, intends to make the technology available through licensing partnerships with automotive, industrial, and battery companies. They have already signed Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) with five customers, with a combined production requirement of 100MWh per year. These partnerships span various sectors such as off-road, aviation, and mining. Notably, Innolith has partnered with Xerotech, a leading provider of battery pack technology for heavy-duty non-road mobile machinery.\nFurthermore, Innolith has been actively engaged with three of the world’s top ten car companies, working closely to incorporate the I-state battery technology into their EVs. Recently, they signed an MOU with one of the leading EV manufacturers, showcasing the growing interest and potential of this groundbreaking technology in the automotive industry.\nIn summary, the I-state battery technology developed by Innolith offers significant advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries. Its high voltage and efficient utilization of cathode capacity result in reduced costs, weight, and reliance on expensive metals. With promising partnerships and collaborations already in place, the future looks bright for the widespread adoption of this innovative battery technology.\nAs technology continues to advance at an unprecedented pace, staying informed about the latest trends is vital. Deutsche Telekom’s partnership with Energy Web, the emergence of liquid electrolyte batteries, and the advent of 6G wireless technology represent significant developments with wide-ranging implications. These innovations have the potential to redefine industries, accelerate sustainability efforts, and usher in a new era of connectivity. By embracing these trends, we can collectively shape a future that is greener, more efficient, and technologically transformative.\nBy A W Moghul", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.cannonhillbrewing.com.au/product/1000ml-erlenmeyer-conical-flask/", "date": "2021-10-21T18:16:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585439.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021164535-20211021194535-00437.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9189022779464722, "token_count": 114, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__289445674", "lang": "en", "text": "1000ml Erlenmeyer Conical Flask\nThis 1000ml Erlenmeyer Conical Flask is made of Borosilicate (also known as Pyrex). Borosilicate allows you to take the flask from hot to cold temperatures without the glass breaking/cracking. This means you have a lower risk of contamination by switching between vessels. An Erlenmeyer flask is a perfect vessel for a yeast starter culture.\nIt is highly recommended that you only use low-pressure gas as a heat source when using your Erlenmeyer flask, not electric heating elements.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.savvysurf.co.uk/stoves/bio-ethanol-fireplaces/lorenzo-bio-ethanol-indoor-fireplace.html", "date": "2020-03-30T06:28:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370496669.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330054217-20200330084217-00099.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9425690174102783, "token_count": 201, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__25875952", "lang": "en", "text": "We use the best security features\nAsk us any queries you might have!\nA contemporary Bio-Ethanol burner which would make a lovely centre piece addition to the home. The fireplace is made from stainless steel and 6mm safety glass. The burner uses roughly 500ml of bio-ethanol in 1.5 hours with the burner in the maximum position. This was tested indoors so this figure will change depending on air temperature and the location of the fireplace. Because the fireplace runs on a clean fuel you can forget the dirt and grim caused from traditional log or coal fires.\nThe bio-ethanol we sell that can be used in the fireplace is made from a plant based alcohol (ethanol) which is produced in an industrial distillation process. It is then treated (denatured) so it is not fit for human consumption. Because our ethanol is made from plants it is a renewable resource and not a fossil fuel also making it environmentally friendly. Please observe all user instructions before use.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://kentonbruicemd.com/pellet_therapy.html", "date": "2021-06-19T06:21:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487643703.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619051239-20210619081239-00476.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9360598921775818, "token_count": 134, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__190506125", "lang": "en", "text": "Hormone pellets are compounded estradiol and/or testosterone that are made from organic plant materials, which have the exact molecular structure of those hormones found in the body. Hormone pellet therapy is indicated for those who are not getting the benefits they desire from hormone creams. Testosterone pellets for women and men increase testosterone levels significantly more than other forms of testosterone therapy.\nTestosterone is good for libido, energy, moods, motivation, zest for life, and muscle mass. Data suggests that patients who choose hormone pellets tend to be more satisfied with their pellet therapy and experience fewer side effects than patients who choose other hormone replacement therapy.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://socalfnbpro.com/articles/Chef-Talk-1d68bf971d72", "date": "2020-07-06T22:33:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890566.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706222442-20200707012442-00090.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.948961079120636, "token_count": 901, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__172415597", "lang": "en", "text": "I was very excited a few years back when the SLS Hotel and Casino opened an Umami Burger on the property. I had been reading about this chain for years but I had never been in the area of where one is located to give it a try. The chain has been growing mostly in California and is now spreading around the country. The chain is an upscale burger chain, similar to the burger shops that are popping up all over the Strip. The reason I was so excited is the way they make their burgers emphasizing the savory profile of the ingredients. The Umami burger has shiitake mushroom, caramelized onions, roasted tomato, parmesan crisp and umami ketchup. All of these ingredients contain glutamates and nucleotides inosinate or guanylates more on this later. All of the burgers have ingredients that promote umami richness. As a culinarian I appreciate a restaurant that put together a menu emphasizing this flavor profile.\nI am sure most people have heard of umami, the fifth flavor profile along with salty, sweet, sour and bitter. Umami can be described as savory which instills a feeling of “pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of effective seasoning or pungently flavorful without sweetness.” This can also be described as a meaty flavor. The flavor profile can be tracked back to the 1800s and it was recognized in use in the kitchen of Auguste Escoffier. He did not know what he was cooking with, and the formal identification of it did not happen until 1908 in Japan, but his use of ingredients show his ability to create the savoriness. It took until the 1985 for the scientific community to fully accept the theory and chefs have been working with it and capitalizing on umami ever since.\nMany foods contain natural glutamates, and the reason it was first discovered in Asia is that it is very prevalent in seafood, especially seaweed and shrimp paste and occurs when fermenting fish sauce. Glutamates also occur naturally in many vegetables, especially those included in many Asian cuisines. The list includes tomatoes vine ripened can contain 5 times the amount, mushrooms especially shiitake and porcini, soy beans, Chinese cabbage, carrots and sweet potatoes. Glutamates also appear in aged cheeses such as parmesan cheese, eggs and most meat proteins.\nNow for the good part: We magnify the effects of the glutamates. If we pair foods high in natural glutamates with foods that are high in nucleotides Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. we can magnify the flavor by up to thirty percent. This may sound very scientific but it is actually very easy. Soy sauce is high in glutamates; if we pair that ingredient with ground porcini mushrooms, high in nucleotides, we will get the exaggerated effect of savoriness. Some ingredients are rich in both glutamates and nucleotides; not surprisingly, even when used alone in recipes they magnify the savoriness of the dish.\nOne of my favorite tricks in the kitchen when trying to boost the flavor of a dish is to add a “secret ingredient” to boost flavor. One of my favorite secret ingredients is anchovy paste. When used sparingly it does not add any anchovy flavor, but it boosts the sensation of the dish. Another secret ingredient is tomato paste or ketchup, also high in glutamates. This is also why you should never discard the rinds from aged cheeses. These should be stored in the freezer until the next opportunity to use them when making a soup or sauce.\nFOODS RICH IN GLUTAMATES MG/100 G\nParmesan Cheese 1,200-1,600\nFish Sauce 950-1,383\nSoy Sauce 800-1,300\nTomato Paste 680\nCured Ham 337\nCheddar Cheese 78\nWorcestershire Sauce 34\nFOODS RICH IN NUCLEOTIDES MG/100 G\nAnchovies/Sardines 193 inosinate\nDried Shiitake Mushrooms 150 guanylate\nPork 122 inosinate\nBeef 107 inosinate\nDried Porcini Mushrooms 10 guanylate", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.qcheckpharma.com/blog/red-yeast-rice-and-statins/", "date": "2024-04-16T18:15:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817103.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416155952-20240416185952-00564.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9282629489898682, "token_count": 202, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__57291556", "lang": "en", "text": "Red Yeast Rice and Statins\nRed yeast rice contains chemicals that are similar to statin medications. One of these, called monacolin K, has the same formula as the drug lovastatin.\nStatins are prescribed to lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels and help reduce the risk of heart disease\nThe recommended dose of red yeast rice is 1,200 mg taken orally twice daily with food. In studies, patients started to see a reduction in cholesterol levels at about 12 weeks\nHigh lipid levels in the blood together with high blood pressure and diabetes are among the highest risks for coronary heart disease. In particular, elevated cholesterol levels promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Red yeast rice, also called red fermented rice or red mold rice, is used as a dietary supplement to lower cholesterol levels. It contains varying amounts of natural monacolin K, which is a structural homolog to lovastatin, and shows hypocholesterolemic properties comparable to synthetic statins.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.klaritysg.com.hk/therapie-au-collagene", "date": "2023-12-07T10:03:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100651.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207090036-20231207120036-00152.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8762868046760559, "token_count": 163, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__249225485", "lang": "en", "text": "thérapie au collagène\nCollagen is a major component of the human body. It is crucial for mobile joints, stable bones, healthy muscles, strong ligaments and tendons, smooth skin, glossy hair and healthy finger nails.\nThérapie au collagène by K Klarity SG™ consists of powerful Bioactive Collagen Peptides which are a composition of different specific peptides optimized for specific physiological benefits. The peptides are derived from a highly controlled production process of collagen which is determined by hydrolysation conditions. By ingesting Bioactive Collagen Peptides supplements, the content of procollagen in the bloodstream is elevated. This indicates the efficacy of thérapie au collagène by K Klarity SG™ absorption in our body.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://support.signaturehardware.com/hc/en-us/articles/360000925803-How-to-Clean-Cast-Iron", "date": "2022-08-15T10:50:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00332.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9295713305473328, "token_count": 152, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__7504342", "lang": "en", "text": "For standard weekly cleaning, mix 1 gallon of hot water with 2 tablespoons of your favorite gentle dish soap. Choosing a soap that contains a grease-cutting formula works great for removing soap scum. A soft wash cloth or sponge can be used for scrubbing, followed by a thorough rinse with clean water.\nFor deeper cleaning, mix 1 gallon of hot water with ¼ cup of baking soda and ¼ cup of ammonia. Ammonia is great for getting rid of heavier deposits of grease and soap scum. Use a non-abrasive sponge for scrubbing. Rough sponges or steel wool should be avoided, as they will scratch the surface. Rinse well with clean water, and dry thoroughly with a soft cloth after cleaning.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://mama2therescue.blogspot.com/2012/03/cleanwell-with-thyme-oil-and-other.html", "date": "2018-07-22T22:23:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676594018.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722213610-20180722233610-00490.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.968548059463501, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__180331811", "lang": "en", "text": "Friday, March 2, 2012\nCleanWell with Thyme Oil and Other Natural Ingredients\nI recently had the chance to sample some antibacterial products from CleanWell, a new company that makes products with a patented formula of natural thyme oil that kills germs yet contains no harsh chemicals.\nAs a mother of a toddler with very sensitive skin, this is great news. I have always avoided using harsh chemicals in my cleaning products and when using hand sanitizers, I always disliked how harsh and drying the alcohol in the products could be. CleanWell does the job, but with less chemicals and harsh additives.\nAnd best of all, they are affordable - disinfectant wipes, hand sanitizers, soaps and more are available in stores and on their site www.cleanwelltoday.com.\nLoving the nice smell of the products thanks to the natural thyme oil. But, as the packaging says, don't let the nice smell fool you. This stuff gets rid of the germs! And, that's one thing I'm glad to get rid of in this house.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://comfort.w.uib.no/anthropogenic-co2-and-ocean-acidification-in-argentine-basin-water-masses-over-almost-five-decades-of-observations/", "date": "2024-04-12T23:32:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816465.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412225756-20240413015756-00749.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8970557451248169, "token_count": 391, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__153419950", "lang": "en", "text": "Fontela, M., Velo, A., Gilcoto, M., & Pérez, F. F. (2021). Anthropogenic CO2 and ocean acidification in Argentine Basin Water Masses over almost five decades of observations. Science of The Total Environment, 779, 146570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146570\nThis study evaluated chemical data from eleven hydrographic cruises conducted between 1972-2019 in the Argentine Basin, western South Atlantic Ocean. The aim was to quantify natural and human induced stressors in the carbon system. The authors reported an increase of the mean annual atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2atm) from 325 to 408 ppm of volume (ppm) (64%) in a 47 year time-span covered this study. This increase leads to an increase in anthropogenic carbon (Cant) across all the water column and consequently to ocean acidification (a decrease in excess carbonate), in particular in the upper and intermediate water masses, that in the Argentine Basin region are very sensitive to changes in carbon system. The large rate of intermediate water masses acidification is a combined effect of carbon uptake, deoxygenation, and increased remineralization of organic matter. If CO2 emissions follow the path of business-as-usual emissions (SSP 5.85), the upper water masses would become undersaturated with respect to carbonate ion concentrations at the end of the century. The undersaturation in the intermediate water masses in the region of the Argentine Basin is virtually unavoidable.\nPolicy relevant message:\nThe upper water masses in the Argentine Basin region will become undersaturated with respect to carbonate ion concentrations at the end of the century if CO2 emissions follow the path of business-as-usual emissions. The undersaturation in the intermediate water masses in the region is virtually unavoidable.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.fresno.gov/publicutilities/trash-disposal-recycling/hazardous-waste-and-sharps-disposal/", "date": "2023-05-30T12:17:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645595.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530095645-20230530125645-00672.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.898403525352478, "token_count": 589, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__187576433", "lang": "en", "text": "Some products we use around our homes contain hazardous ingredients that may cause serious harm to people, pets, or the environment. These include many household cleaners, nail polish removers, motor oil, weed killers, hobby supplies, car batteries, household batteries, fluorescent bulbs, sharps, pharmaceuticals, some electronics, and bug sprays.\nIt is important that these items are disposed of properly in order to protect your family, pets, and the environment.\nWhat is Household Hazardous Waste (HHW)?\nHousehold Hazardous Waste (HHW) is any product that is labeled as harmful, toxic, poisonous, combustible, corrosive, flammable, or irritant. Many household products are made of chemicals that can harm us. If these items are used, stored, or disposed of improperly, you, your pets, or the environment can be injured.\nHazardous materials dumped on the ground or into the gutter can contaminate soil and the underground water supply. These products must be used carefully and disposed of properly. Please don’t put HHW products in the trash, on the ground, down the sewer, or into the gutter.\nHow to tell if a product is hazardous\nCheck the label on the container for the following key words:\nImportant tips when using HHW products\n- Avoid purchasing hazardous products if possible.\n- Purchase only what you need. Buy small amounts and check the label for the key words identified above.\n- Read and follow label directions carefully. If you must use a hazardous substance, apply only as directed and only as much as needed.\n- Wear protective clothing such as safety glasses and gloves, and work in well-ventilated areas.\n- Store hazardous products in the original containers in a cool, dry place away from children, pets, and food. Check for leaks.\n- Do not mix products or store products together that may be incompatible. This may cause toxic chemical reactions such as explosions, fires, or skin and eye irritations.\n- Do not store hazardous products for more than one year from date of purchase.\n- Keep the number of the Poison Control Center visible and posted near the telephone in case of emergency: (800) 222-1222.\nMore information about Household Hazardous Waste disposal can be found on the County of Fresno website.\nFor questions about Household Hazardous Waste disposal, contact the County of Fresno via phone at (559) 600-4259 or via email at [email protected].\nFor additional questions, call the Recycling Hotline at (559) 621-1111", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.romanyrest.com/are-restaurants-on-steroids-for-real-or-is-it-just-a-catch-phrase", "date": "2024-04-17T16:08:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817158.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417142102-20240417172102-00801.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9602610468864441, "token_count": 743, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__190223993", "lang": "en", "text": "In our search for restaurants, we found food establishments branding themselves as “restaurant on steroids” or “cafe on steroids,” which piqued our curiosity.\nAfter all, steroid is a controversial term that it’s not common for a food outlet to associate itself with a type of drug that has been abused. Not unless, the target customers are fitness buffs and bodybuilders who know that natural steroids can be obtained through food consumption. As it turned out, cafes or restaurants on steroids serve mostly meals rich in natural steroids that come in large serving sizes.\nApparently, there are consumers who believe in getting their steroid nutrition organically as they are likely aware of the serious side effects of the synthetic drugs like anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS).\nSome pharmaceutical companies came out with dietary supplements that they call legal steroids because they contain large concentrations of natural steroids. Yet it seems there are fitness buffs who prefer to eat proper meals so they can have their steroids and it them too.\nAre Legal Steroids Really Legal?\nNow here’s the thing, some confuse natural steroids with legal steroids, yet the latter is not as legal as it seems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) came out with a decision that it does not approve of such classification.\nThe FDA asserts that they have come across bodybuilding dietary supplements that still contain hidden ingredients and other harmful compounds, which the food and drug regulator does not consider as safe dietary ingredients.\nThe FDA recognizes only creatine as the only organic compound that is safe to use in a dietary bodybuilding supplement and to qualify as legal steroid.\nWhat is Creatine?\nCreatine is an organic compound occurring naturally in both human and animal muscles and plays an important role in the body’s muscle building processes. To supplement bodybuilders with extra amounts of creatine demanded by the muscle cells, a bodybuilder’s diet must include large portions of meat, fish and animal by-products like eggs and dairy.\nThis is probably the nutrition concept on which restaurants on steroids are founded.\nAre Pharma Grade Steroids Legal?\nIf one is to look further, there are legal steroids of another kind and are called pharma grade (PG) steroids, which refer to the steroids canada laboratories manufacture for licensed Canadian and international pharmaceutical companies.\nHowever, since they are pharmaceutical grade steroids they come with high prices and can only be bought directly from pharmaceutical companies and their authorized distributors. That being the case, pharma grade steroids are not readily accessible and in most cases, hard to find.\nWhat Exactly are Natural Steroids?\nNatural steroids are different chemical compounds that humans, animals and plants naturally produce. Natural steroid compounds initiate the production of hormones needed by the body in carrying out different functions. While we are familiar with several hormones, like estrogen, testosterone, insulin, melatonin and cortisol just to name a few, their familiarity to us stems from our knowledge of certain health disorders.\nSuch disorders are caused by lack of the related hormone needed by the cells and tissues to complete a natural body process. This denotes that health disorders can be avoided through proper nutrition, as it will help the body replenish and sustain the supply of steroids to keep the bodily organs functioning properly.\nChemically produced steroids such as the anabolic type are formulated as treatment to help increase male testosterone levels and not for increasing the ability of a healthy male athlete to endure the rigors of his chosen sport. The anabolic androgenic type of steroid drug, on the other hand, are medically prescribed to young male patients who suffer from a genetic disorder that prevents them from achieving growth and muscle development.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://solomonforpa.com/index.php/2019/01/15/the-heroin-epidemics-historical-roots/", "date": "2020-08-06T00:23:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735990.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200806001745-20200806031745-00281.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9614847302436829, "token_count": 1484, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__185029311", "lang": "en", "text": "Pardon me for jolting you out of the Third Millennium, but I want to take you back to the early 1800s, when Thomas Jefferson was president of the United States and Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner was a pharmacist’s apprentice in Paderborn (then part of Prussia).\nSertürner purified one of the active alkaloids from the opium poppy and named it morphine, after the Greek god of sleep and dreams, Morpheus. Morphine was given that name because of its propensity for inducing drowsiness. It also stimulates receptors in the human central nervous system involved in the perception of pain, and so it has analgesic effects. And it can elevate mood – produce euphoria. Thus morphine – and later its many derivatives and congeners – was added to the list of things we now called “mood-altering substances.”\nMorphine was brought to market by Merck, the German chemical company, in 1827. Then in 1874 Charles Romley Alder Wright, a British chemist and physicist, was tinkering with morphine and added two acetyl groups to the molecule, creating diacetylmorphine.\nWhen injected intravenously diacetylmorphine has a more rapid onset of action than morphine and is more potent (a smaller dose is required to produce an effect of the same magnitude).\nHeinrich Dreser, a chemist working for Bayer (another German chemical company) continued testing diacetylmorphine, and Bayer brought the drug to market in 1888 as a cough suppressant and pain reliever under the trade name Heroin. Twenty-five years later, recognizing its potential for causing addiction, Bayer withdrew it from the market.\nMost Americans think of heroin as an illegal drug because it has that status in the United States. By contrast, it is used medicinally in the United Kingdom and is superior to some other agents because of its rapidity of onset of action and its more favorable side effect profile.\nIn the U.S. it is on Schedule I of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s list of controlled substances. Schedule I is supposed to be reserved for drugs that are considered dangerous and have no recognized, legitimate medical use. As heroin does not meet the second criterion (except by arbitrary and unscientific edict), it does not belong on Schedule I.\nSince the 19th Century we have developed many synthetic derivatives of the substances isolated from the opium poppy, and we call them, collectively, opioids. Although at one time such substances could be purchased without a prescription in the US, at present only codeine (the other active alkaloid from the opium poppy) can be obtained without a prescription, and only in certain formulations, from some pharmacies, in about a dozen states.\nGiven that people have been cultivating opium for at least 5,000 years, it is interesting to contemplate the fact that some mood-altering substances humans have derived from plants (opium, coca) are considered to have such high potential for abuse and addiction that they are very strictly controlled, while others (alcohol by fermentation of the sugars in plants, and tobacco) are regulated but easy to purchase legally. Addiction to opioids and cocaine and addiction to alcohol and nicotine have many similarities, and all of these substances can be damaging to health and lethal in overdose.\nWe experimented with the prohibition of ethanol in the U.S., and that is viewed by most as having been a spectacularly unsuccessful experiment.\nAnd that brings us into the 20th Century when we decided that opioids should be available only by prescription. This means that if you need the most effective of the pain relievers, you must consult a physician. That is obviously somewhat arbitrary. Stressful day at work? If you go home and have a glass or two of wine to relax and unwind, that is considered no problem and meets a common definition of moderate drinking. If instead, you wanted to have 5 or 10 mg of oxycodone, that is considered a very serious problem.\nSociologists and criminologists use the term “social problems” to describe a vast array of societal ills, and misuse of opioids is, in my view, a social problem. Many things that are social problems cross the very blurred lines and are also viewed as medical problems, and of course, misuse of mood-altering substances can be regarded as a medical problem. But in its strictest sense, it is only the complications of the misuse that are medical problems: overdose, infectious complications of injection drug use, etc.\nIn my specialty (emergency medicine) we find ourselves addressing social problems a great deal of the time, both because the profession has “medicalized” many social and behavioral problems and because the emergency department is often the place to which people turn for help when they have no idea what to do.\nAbuse of, and addiction to, opium has been around for millennia. Blame it on something that, in pharmacology, is called the “fallacy of the specific.”\nThe fallacy of the specific means that one should never assume – because the assumption will usually be wrong – that a drug will do one thing, its intended effect. In this case, opioids relieve pain, but they also have effects on mood. Those latter effects get some people into trouble, because they like that feeling, and they may start using a drug for relief of pain and then use it partly to relieve pain and partly to feel good more generally, and before you know it they are using it as much for mood elevation as for pain relief, or even entirely for mood elevation, without even realizing that is happening. And then they may find themselves using it to keep from getting symptoms of withdrawal from the drug. A person may find anything from a general unease to restlessness, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and sweats occurring because the nervous system has gotten used to the drug, and now it’s not being provided. Then the addict is using the drug not to feel good but to keep from feeling terrible.\nLegal acquisition of opioids requires consultation with a physician, and a prescription and many addicts start with prescribed opioids and end up using far too much of them and engaging in all sorts of deceptive behaviors to get them from insufficiently wary (or blatantly unethical) doctors, or they switch to illicit sources and start snorting, smoking, or injecting heroin.\nThe problem of abuse of and addiction to mood-altering substances has been part of the human condition for thousands of years, and modern medicine has been around for about a century. But why?\nHuman existence is miserable. Not for everyone, but for a sizable minority of us. And that’s what mood-altering substances are all about. We smoke tobacco; we drink beer, wine, and liquor; and we use opioids and other potentially dangerous drugs like cocaine – all to find a temporary escape from the misery, or at least drudgery, of human existence.\nAt its foundation, this is more a social problem than a medical problem. My colleagues and I will do all we can to help to solve it. If given the opportunity to serve in the Pennsylvania Senate, I can use that experience to push legislation and initiatives designed to stem the opioid epidemic.1", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://givekitchen.com/2020/06/23/kitchen-worktop-from-porcelain-pros-and-cons-of-the-material/", "date": "2021-12-06T10:53:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363292.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206103243-20211206133243-00517.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9357574582099915, "token_count": 1877, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__151826830", "lang": "en", "text": "In the continuation of the column on kitchen countertops, we continue to delight you with articles, this issue is dedicated to porcelain countertops:\n– Laminam porcelain tile\n– Dekton porcelain tiles\nYou will learn all about these materials, what are the pros and cons of porcelain stoneware, how and where to use these surfaces, how to care, and how to make the right choice. We wish you a pleasant reading, write in the comments about what else you want to know, and we will be sure to write a useful article about it.\nPorcelain is a combination of quartz sand, clay, crushed granite, feldspar and ceramic pigments, crushed and pressed under high pressure and calcined at a temperature of 1200 degrees.\nThere are quite a few manufacturers of this material, but today we will focus on Laminam porcelain stoneware and the innovative Dekton material, which combines all the advantages of porcelain stoneware, but is an improved version of this material.\nMany furniture experts, in quotation marks, say that porcelain tiles are ordinary tiles, but they are not! Porcelain tile used for countertops is not only distinguished by its large size, thickness, composition and properties, but more serious tools are needed for its processing and cutting than glass cutter and “grinder”.\nPorcelain tile is quite widely used in everyday life both in the interior and in the exterior. Due to its high strength, wear resistance, resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal damage, the use of products made of ceramic granite justifies its slightly higher cost, compared, for example, with products made of acrylic stone and quartz.\nThe thickness of the material can vary from 3mm to 20mm. A thickness of 3-5 mm is used for cladding furniture facades, a thickness of 10-20 mm is used for the manufacture of countertops.\nIn the granite countertop, you can install a hidden induction hob of various sizes, a platform for wireless charging and all kinds of remote controls for appliances in the kitchen. Also, without problems, you can install a bottom-mounted sink or make a sink from the granite itself and even slotted.\nPorcelain tile, regardless of manufacturer, has a number of similar properties such as:\nChemical stability (resistance to various organic and inorganic solvents, detergents and other acid-containing agents, even the most aggressive ones).\nResistance to frost – Due to its low water absorption, porcelain stoneware is not susceptible to damage associated with low temperature.\nFire resistance – Due to the fact that porcelain tile is baked at a temperature of 1200 degrees and has a low coefficient of expansion, it doesn’t worry about household temperature changes. It does not burn in contact with fire, does not emit smoke and toxic.\nWater-resistant – Due to its high density, Neolithic has almost zero water absorption. Therefore, fats, paints, and other “unpleasant” liquids can simply be erased from it, leaving no trace.\nLow electrical conductivity – Porcelain stoneware is not a conductor of electricity and dampens static voltage, thereby ensuring the safety and comfort of being indoors.\nEasy. Despite its density, porcelain stoneware is not a very heavy material, which reduces the load on the supporting structures and prevents the possibility of their deformation in the future. Its weight is 20 kg / sq.m. with a thickness of 10 mm.\nThe color scheme of porcelain tiles is created directly in the production process and is determined by two factors – the color of the starting material and coloring pigments (mainly metal oxides – a natural dye). The main feature of this process is a uniformly stained plate throughout the entire depth of the product . Therefore, during operation, especially if the surface is matte, with natural wear, the color of the product remains almost unchanged.\nThe surface of porcelain stoneware is not afraid of ultraviolet rays , does not fade and does not lose its external properties.\nResistance to wear – Thanks to the special production technology, porcelain stoneware is very dense and non-porous. Its hard surface makes it resistant to scratches and damage.\nBending strength (which makes this material stronger than stone, it is almost impossible to form a crack on it).\nHygiene and Antibacteriality – porcelain stoneware consists exclusively of natural materials, it does not emit any harmful substances and is completely suitable for contact with food products. Its dense structure excludes the formation of mold, penetration, and multiplication of various bacteria.\nEnvironmental protection – Porcelain tiles comply with all European environmental safety standards. This product has been designed and manufactured in accordance with the criteria of sustainability and environmental commitment. Consisting exclusively of natural materials, it does not emit any harmful substances to the environment and is fully recyclable.\nA variety of colors and shades of porcelain stoneware material is practically inexhaustible! Interior designers actively use this material in their projects. Porcelain stoneware slabs can be of perfect identical design as if cloned, and it is also possible to produce slabs that differ in the pattern of the pattern, which gives additional possibilities in its application for decoration.\nIt is on the decors that I would like to stop your attention – because each of the manufacturers selects its own unique collection of decors, which is impossible not to fall in love with.\nAmong the features of porcelain tiles you can find textures such as rusty metal, a variety of stone textures that completely repeat the natural stone, a wide range of dark and light shades, marble texture, glossy, matte, textured! And even there is a Wood Texture – which you will not find in either quartz or acrylic. Porcelain worktops look perfect in the kitchen.\nFor thin granite countertops, it is possible to make not only a direct bevel, but also at 45 degrees, while you can visually make a countertop of any thickness.\nYou can familiarize yourself with all these decors and novelties from porcelain in any of our studios.\nThe composition of Dekton (decton) – includes a combination of crystalline silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zircon, amorphous silicon oxide, and inorganic pigments, pressed in the form of plates and baked at high temperatures. In fact, it contains elements that are used for the production of porcelain stoneware, glass, and porcelain. The production mechanism of this material repeats the mechanism of the formation of natural stone in nature, only accelerated many times. In the manufacturing process, the exclusive TSP technology is used – a technological process that provides for an accelerated version of metamorphic stone changes when exposed to high pressures and temperatures for a long time.\nCombining all the advantages and characteristics of porcelain stoneware in its arsenal, decton is truly an ideal option in decoration. The dimensions of the plate are 3200 x 1440 mm, they are produced in thicknesses of 8, 12 and 20 mm. The types of drawings also have a wide variety, due to the content of inorganic pigments in its composition.\nThe unique texture of this material is truly delightful, not only tactile, but also externally. Perfect gloss or velvety matte, textured or smooth, any decor of this stone is charming. All the beauty of this stone is truly revealed on large surfaces. This material gives special status to any project to which it is used.\nBut all these materials from porcelain stoneware, in spite of their composition, have the same minuses:\n- Tactile – cold material;\n- It does not give in to restoration;\n- Fragile at the ends and in the area of\nthe lower mounting sink;\n- The presence of seams – if the texture of the stone is textured, then the seam is most often made in the form of a groove into which dirt eventually clogs;\n- Heavy in processing – in order to relieve tension from the stone – it is necessary to cut at least 5 cm along the perimeter, so that during further processing the stone does not crack;\n- You can not make a curly edge in its classical sense;\n- The cost of porcelain stoneware is very high – not only because of the price of the material, but also because of consumables for the manufacture of countertops and equipment wear.\nHowever, if cost is not a fundamental factor for you when choosing a material, if you are used to choosing only the best, and also want to see finishes, countertops and furniture without signs of wear in 10-15 years, then definitely, choose granite.\nPorcelain stoneware is perfect for modern kitchens, from it you can make both facades and countertops creating the illusion of a solid stone island or kitchen unit.\nIf you are looking for a comfortable kitchen, we are always happy to help you.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://faropharma.com/portfolio/sustanon-250mg/", "date": "2022-05-24T03:35:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662562410.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220524014636-20220524044636-00136.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6814311742782593, "token_count": 127, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__101111995", "lang": "en", "text": "- Potency: 250 mg/ml.\n- Appearance: Oil based solution.\n- Packing: Supplied in 10vials/1ml clear glasses with printing on them & black caps with faro logo engraved on it.\nTestosterone Blend 250MG\n- Testosterone Decanoate 100MG/Each ml\n- Testosterone Isocaproate 30MG/Each ml\n- Testosterone Phenylpropionate 60MG/Each ml\n- Testosterone Propionate 30MG/Each ml\nMassive strength & weight gain. Great testosterone mix for peak blood levels.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.hopehomeinspections.com/inspection-information/top-ways-to-reduce-radon-levels-in-your-home", "date": "2024-02-25T18:28:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474641.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225171204-20240225201204-00337.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9534523487091064, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__152964092", "lang": "en", "text": "Information on home inspections services, home maintenance, and more...\nRadon is a radioactive gas that is naturally present in the environment. It is a leading cause of lung cancer and can seep into your home through cracks in the foundation or walls.\nHere are some top ways to reduce radon levels in your home:\nSealing cracks and gaps in your home's foundation and walls can prevent radon from entering your home.\nA radon mitigation system is a specialized system that is designed to reduce radon levels in your home. It involves installing a fan and a vent pipe to draw radon out of your home and vent it outside.\nReducing radon levels in your home is important for the health and safety of you and your family. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that your home is a safe and healthy environment.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.nidoreservations.com/research/stories", "date": "2022-05-17T00:27:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515466.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516235937-20220517025937-00646.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9035746455192566, "token_count": 886, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__245266535", "lang": "en", "text": "Showing 1 to 10 of 177 results\nA research team at 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) developed a new type of RNA structure targeting tool to specifically recognise unusual four-strand RNA structures, which are associated with diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. The findings could help develop new therapeutic tools for related treatments.\nCityU scientists reveal new neurocircuitry essential for animals to sense environmental cues of imminent danger\nInborn defensive behaviours, such as flight, freeze and fight, are crucial for animals to survive in a dangerous environment in nature. Neuroscientists from 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) recently revealed the essential neurocircuitry that is fundamental for animals to perceive and integrate environmental cues to initate defensive behaviour.\nA research team co-led by chemists from 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) and Imperial College London (Imperial College) has developed new, highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.\nTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), an emerging class of materials that can be used as semiconductors and insulators, have promising potential in various applications due to their unique properties. But the reliable production of these atomically thin 2D materials has been challenging.\nCityU, HKUMed and Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong join hands to introduce portable negative pressure ventilation system in hospital emergency room to reduce COVID-19 cross-infection risk\nTo support hospitals in Hong Kong to handle the surge in the number of patients amid the fifth wave of COVID-19 in the city, 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) modified its fast-track ventilation system invention to meet the practical needs on the medical front line.\nGreat success again at Inventions Geneva Evaluation Days; CityU top among local universities for two years\nResearchers at 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) received tremendous accolades at Inventions Geneva Evaluation Days (IGED) 2022 by winning a total of 22 awards, the highest number among local institutions for two years in a row, including one Gold Medal with Congratulations of the Jury, six Gold Medals, 13 Silver Medals and two Bronze Medals.\nDroplet manipulation has important applications in areas such as heat management, water harvesting, and chemical reactions. A research team from 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) developed a multi-functional electrostatic droplet tweezer that can precisely “trap” liquid droplets and remotely guide their motion on flat and tilted surfaces, and in oil mediums.\nFast-moving excitons observed for first time in metal, unlocking potential to speed up digital communication\nIn a world first, a team co-led by a physicist at 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU) has discovered that excitons—excited electrons bound to empty electron “holes”—can exist stably and travel rapidly through metal.\nNanofiber-based biodegradable millirobot that can release different drugs in targeted positions in the intestines\nA nanofiber-based biodegradable millirobot, called “Fibot”, was successfully developed in research led by a scholar from 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU). Fibot can move in the intestines and degrade in response to the pH of its environment, thus releasing different drugs in different anchored positions.\nCityU scholars participate in a global study that reveals broad contamination of pharmaceuticals in the world’s rivers\nA recent global study, with the participation of scholars from 澳门金沙投注中心 (CityU), found broad contamination of common pharmaceuticals in many of the world’s rivers, including two Hong Kong rivers: the Kai Tak River and the Lam Tsuen River.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.asms.com.au/applications/cements/cement-grade-granulate", "date": "2022-08-15T12:51:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572174.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815115129-20220815145129-00105.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6543084383010864, "token_count": 549, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__52725641", "lang": "en", "text": "Product Code GBF006\nASMS GBF006 Cement Grade Granulate is a coarse sand-like material with a porous, amorphous structure ranging from white to golden brown in colour.\nGBF006 is suitable for use in a range of manufacturing and civil applications including:\nCOMPOSITION AND MATERIALS\nGBF006 is a glassy, granular material produced by granulating blast furnace slag.\nBlast furnace slag is the non-metallic product consisting essentially of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases developed in a molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace.\nMolten slag is passed through high volume water sprays which break the slag stream into small droplets which are rapidly quenched, suppressing crystallisation and resulting in a material with a porous, amorphous structure.\nTYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES\n|Bulk Density (Loose)||t/m3||0.85 - 1.05|\n|Angle of Repose||-||Approx. 35°|\nGranulated blast furnace slag is composed amorphous phases of silicates and aluminosilicates, but for ease of reporting oxide equivalents\nare used and fall within the relatively narrow limits given below:\n|Calcium Oxide||CaO||38 - 43|\n|Silicon Dioxide||SiO2||32 - 37|\n|Aluminium Oxide||Al2O3||13 - 16|\n|Magnesium Oxide||MgO||5 - 8|\n| Hydraulic Index|| CaO+MgO+Al2O3|\n| 1.7 - 1.9|\n|Chloride Ion||Cl|| <250 ppm|\nTECHNICAL SERVICES AND CUSTOMER ENQUIRIES\nAustralian Steel Mill Services Pty\n21 Processing Area\nPORT KEMBLA NSW 2505\nTelephone: 02 4255 1125", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://beautyaestheticsclinic.co.uk/product/teeth-whitening-kit/", "date": "2024-04-14T01:00:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00168.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9148873090744019, "token_count": 667, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__163725508", "lang": "en", "text": "Benefits of Carbamide Peroxide\nCarbamide peroxide breaks down into hydrogen peroxide when it comes into contact with water. The hydrogen peroxide is the active whitening agent that penetrates the enamel and dentin of the teeth, effectively bleaching and lightening stains and discoloration caused by various factors like coffee, tea, wine, tobacco, and aging.\nEffective Stain Removal\nCarbamide peroxide is capable of removing both extrinsic and intrinsic deep stains. Extrinsic stains are those that occur on the outer layer of the teeth, while intrinsic stains are embedded within the tooth structure. Its ability to tackle both types of stains makes it a powerful teeth-whitening agent.\nGentle on Teeth and Gums\nCompared to some other teeth whitening agents, carbamide peroxide is considered relatively gentle on the teeth and gums. When used in proper concentrations and as directed, it minimizes the risk of tooth sensitivity and gum irritation.\nFast and Visible Results\nWhen used consistently and as recommended, carbamide peroxide can deliver noticeable teeth whitening results in a relatively short period. Users can often see improvements within a few days of use, and optimal results are achieved with continued use over the recommended treatment duration.\nThe key ingredient in Bac to White is 16% carbamide peroxide, which is a safe and effective way to whiten teeth.\nThe whitening gel in the kit, containing 16% carbamide peroxide, works to break down stains and discoloration on the surface of your teeth. The advanced 6 bulbs accelerator enhances the whitening process by helping the gel penetrate deep into the enamel, ensuring maximum effectiveness. The attachable duplex mouthpiece holds the gel in place and allows you to whiten both your upper and lower teeth simultaneously.\nMany users start noticing visible improvements after just a few days of regular use. However, individual results may vary depending on factors like the severity of staining and your teeth’s natural colour. For optimal results, we recommend using the “Bac to White” Teeth Whitening Kit for 7 days, with daily sessions lasting 10-30 minutes. For even more significant improvements, continue using the kit for up to 14 days.\nBac to White is a safe and effective teeth whitening kit. However, it is important to follow the instructions carefully to avoid any discomfort. If you experience any sensitivity, discontinue use and consult with your dentist.\nYes, however, caps, crowns, veneers, dental implants, bridges, bonded teeth can’t be whitened with our products. We recommend consulting with your dentist before using our kit if you have braces or other dental work.\nTo achieve the best results, we recommend avoiding eating or drinking anything except water during the whitening session. Consuming coloured or acidic food or drink immediately after whitening can increase the risk of staining and sensitivity.\nIf you have any further questions or need assistance with your Bac to White Teeth Whitening Kit, our customer support team is ready to help. Feel free to reach out to us via email and we will aim to get back to you as soon as we can.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.universitynewshq.com/university-news/kurt-zilm-appointed-the-william-k-lanman-jr-professor-of-chemistry/", "date": "2021-05-17T00:03:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991921.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20210516232554-20210517022554-00081.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.959037184715271, "token_count": 440, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__136503140", "lang": "en", "text": "Kurt Zilm, a world recognized leader in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, has been named the William K. Lanman, Jr. Professor of Chemistry. His appointment was effective Feb. 20.\nA member of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and chair of the Department of Chemistry, Zilm is known for his development of new NMR methods and their application to a wide range of areas in chemistry. His research has involved important problems in organic geochemistry, supported metal catalysis, main group multiple bonding, fluxional transition metal poly-hydrides and dihydrogen complexes, as well as NMR of matrix isolated reactive intermediates. More recently his group has focused on the use of solid state NMR in the study of macromolecular complexes and phase separated proteins.\nThe Zilm lab developed the first highly sensitive methods employing proton detection for high resolution solid state NMR, an advance recognized by the 2017 Günther Laukien Prize. Current research in the Zilm lab is split between development of instrumentation for dynamic nuclear polarization, enhanced NMR of microliter-sized samples, and applications of NMR to the structural biology of infectious prions and other phase states of prion protein implicated in Alzheimer’s disease.\nZilm received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Utah. Following postdoctoral study in chemical physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and an appointment as a visiting scientist at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland, he came to Yale in 1983.\nHe is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences. Zilm’s devotion to teaching was recognized by the Harwood F. Byrnes/Richard B. Sewall Teaching Prize in 2018.\nIn addition to his research and teaching, Zilm hosts Science Saturdays at Yale. This popular science outreach program combines lectures by Yale professors with science demonstrations by Yale students, typically drawing over 150 students and members of the general public from throughout the Northeast several times a semester.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://pyramiddesign.us/questions-about-options-you-must-know-the-answers-to/", "date": "2020-01-20T01:06:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250595787.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119234426-20200120022426-00357.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9558667540550232, "token_count": 531, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__211503515", "lang": "en", "text": "Questions About Options You Must Know the Answers To\nCreating solutions to solve problems or do things better in any area of life is the order. Art and many other industries make use of different polymers to help in creating these solutions. Different uses of polymers are realized when polymers are subjected to different industrial processes that bring out their different properties. Taking silicone rubber, for instance, it withstands harshest of weather conditions and will be generally stable across temperature changes. Being also resistant to chemicals, radiation and electricity makes it qualify for many industrial uses. Casting processes is the basis of many industries that deal with polymers. However, the process will require temporary molds that get produced from master patterns or part of it. Most prototypes will be made through this process. If the main material making the products is not ideal for rapid prototyping, polyurethane casting is applied instead.\nThe fact that urethane is exceptional in matching the properties of products being used in making a product and cost-effective at the same time makes it ideal for prototyping. A lot of the mass-produced products come in different parts that are then assembled. Manufacturers can put urethane to use in this process where parts can be duplicated at amazing precision regardless of the quantity. Working with the mold is pretty easy because in that state its very flexible and it allows for capturing of all curves and dimensions of what is being cast. This is what makes the duplicated parts free of any error.\nThe mold that is used in the castings has been produced with room temperature vulcanized a silicone as well. The master pattern from which the mold is made is produced from a number of processes. Depending on the pros of different methods, each industry will use the most fitting method. Lithography, however, is the most common of all the methods. Lithography is an additional process where ultraviolet resin, which is a photopolymer is used with ultraviolet lasers to cast three-dimension prototypes.\nThe lithography will see to it that the master pattern features the properties required for its end use, room temperature vulcanized silicone gets added at this point. The master pattern needs to be suspended as the silicone is being added. The master pattern has to be well encased and then left to cure before it is then cut and the master pattern removed. Casts can be made into anything depending on the industry. After prototyping processes is complete, tests should be done on the main material and not the prototype because that is what will be more relevant. Aside from marketing, the prototypes will be used in product descriptions as well. This is very economical.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mybeardgang.com/what-are-the-major-hormones-for-beard-growth/", "date": "2024-04-25T02:29:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296820065.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425000826-20240425030826-00114.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.949491560459137, "token_count": 2702, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__66179708", "lang": "en", "text": "Hormones for Beard Growth: Right in here, we are going to be discussing extensively, the major hormones for beard growth, as well as the various supplements that can be used to improve these hormones.\nSo, having known that, let’s get down to business!\nBasically, 4 out of every 5 men with a completely bald or slightly bald jaw, complain tirelessly about their inability to grow a proper and healthy beard. However, do you know that approximately only 2 out of these 4 get the right solution to their complaints at the right time without having to have tried lots of myths recommended by ignorant people like them who claimed to have known more? And I’m afraid you’re amongst the 2 who doesn’t fall into this category.\nYou’re lost? Don’t be. I’ll explain even better.\nIn simple terms, my conclusion is, lots of men out there, perhaps you inclusive, have gotten extremely wrong information as regards their inability to grow a healthy beard. And in most cases, this information has caused them to lose quite a whole lot of bucks.\nYou seem to understand better now right? Fine!\nHowever, irrespective of any information you might have gotten, and the places you might have gotten them from, the truth and fact still remains that, the principal factors which determine the level of your beard growth and how healthy and appealing it would be to the sight, are the levels of certain hormones present in your body. A high level of these hormones in your body simply means a rapid beard growth, and otherwise takes the result vice versa.\nThus, in this article, prior to my research, I’d be giving detailed notes on the different major hormones for beard growth, as well as the various supplements that can be used to improve these hormones.\nWhat Then Are the Major Hormones for Beard Growth?\nBasically, there are two major hormones for beard growth present in human bodies. However, according to thorough researches, one of these hormones is found inside the other.\nDon’t get confused yet. Keep reading, you’ll get to understand it better, sooner or later in this article.\nThus, these two hormones are;\n- Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)\nTestosterone as a hormone (I do not know if any other thing called Testosterone exist. Lol) is found both in human bodies and other animals too. So, don’t get to think this hormone exist only in human bodies.\nIn humans, both the male and female gender possess the testosterone hormone. In men, the testicles primarily make the testosterone, while in women, their ovaries do, and usually in small quantities.\nHowever, since this article is primarily for men, I’d be focusing more on testosterone of men. So let’s ride!\nIn men, testosterone produces at a high rate right from the puberty stage and starts to dip once you attain the age of 30 to 35.\nNow, I’d like to add; the testosterone is usually associated with sex and inarguably plays a vital role in the production of the sperm cells. However, asides this, here, I’d want you to know that the testosterone also affects the bones and muscles, the production of red blood cells in the body, the storage of fat in the boy, a man’s mood, and most importantly, the cause of this article; it affects the rate at which a man’s beard grows.\nA high level of testosterone in the body reduces the tendencies of baldness and simultaneously acts as a catalyst during the production of facial hairs.\nHowever, reduced production of testosterone could occur in human. This is not totally drastic, although it has a few severe effects on such an individual. This condition is generally known as hypogonadism. Also, this ailment or disease as the case may be, doesn’t necessarily need treatment.\nWondering what might be the cause of the low production of testosterone?\nWell, age plays a major role. And as mentioned earlier in this article, the older you grow, the lower the rate of production of testosterone in your body system. However in addition to aging, sometimes, low level of testosterone could be as a result of pituitary gland problems.\nAsides all these as well, diseases such as; AIDS; Kidney disease; Alcoholism; Cirrhosis of the liver are various causes of the low level of testosterone in the body. In other words, most importantly, if you desire to grow blossoming beards, try as much as possible to reduce your degree of alcoholism.\nNow, as I said earlier; the second hormone is found inside the first hormone. Remember me telling you, you’d understand it soon, right? This is it;\nA certain kind of steroid is found inside the testosterone which as well serves as major hormones for beard growth. It is called dihydrotestosterone (DHT).\nSo, what is DHT?\nBasically, DHT is a sex steroid which is produced in the gonads, most of which have a particular physiological action. Well, that’s not what we need.\nAsides being a sex steroid, DHT is an androgen hormone. And voila! That’s exactly what we need, and thus, what we’ll be dealing with.\nNow, what are ANDROGENS?\nAndrogens are what are solely responsible for various biological characteristics of every male. These characteristics include the deeper voice noted in males as they grow older, increased body mass and structure, and most importantly (cause of the subject matter of this article) the body hair.\nAlthough the hair on the head would grow even with a drop of DHT in the body, every other hair found in any other part asides the head requires a substantial amount of DHT before they can blossom. This thus draw us to a conclusion; DHT is essential for the growth of hair in every part of the body asides those growing on the head. This thus accounts for the reason fully and perhaps excessively (beards can’t be in excess for a member of beard gang though) tend to get bald.\nThat is, for reasons I myself doesn’t fully understand yet, the more the DHT in your body, the less the amount of hair you can grow on your head, and simultaneously, the more amount of beard you can grow. In other words, DHT is detrimental to head-hair growth.\nThus my conclusion as regards DHT in this article, men with high levels of DHT in their reproductive systems will automatically have evidently more facial hair than other men who have lower levels of DHT. Hence, if you have a body system that’s very sensitive to this hormone – DHT & Testosterone, then you’re prone to growing beard at a very early stage in life.\nHowever, if you’re finding it hard to grow a beard even when already in your late twenties up to your thirties, then by now, you should know your body doesn’t produce just enough Testosterone and DHT.\nThus, before bringing this article to a close, let’s quickly talk about a few supplements that would improve the production of these hormones in your body system.\nSupplements to Improve the Major Hormones for Beard Growth\nVelvet Bean is a popular herbal supplement which has gained trust by proving to be of maximum importance by the pharmaceutical industry. Mucuna Pruriens is the botanical name of Velvet Bean.\nMucuna Pruriens has loads of benefit for hormones – especially the DHT & Testosterone – the major hormones for beard growth.\nYou see, velvet bean contains high amounts of levodopa. This is a compound which converts quickly into dopamine in the body. This conversion, according to various studies, has proven to increase the testosterone levels in the body by 40%.\nOther further studies have also shown to us that levodopa present I velvet bean can also act as a receptor of androgen, which helps in co-activating proteins in the body, thus leading to an improvement in the beard growth rate of such person – everything being equal.\nSorghum with the botanical name, Sorghum Bicolor is as well an ancient herb which grows mainly in the African continent.\nOut of all studies, as regards Sorghum Bicolor, there’s a particular one which stands out as a chief indicator of the herb’s relevancy. This study shows that for every sorghum extract consumed, the levels of the enzyme; 5-a reductase by 54%.\nNow, what’s the 5-a reductase, and its importance and relevance to beard growth?\nWell, quite simple and straightforward.\n5-a reductase is a kind of enzyme which converts testosterone into DHT. Wait, did I mention that DHT is a more active and potent beard growing hormone than testosterone?\nWell, if I didn’t, I’ve just done so.\nHence, it simply means, that the 5-a reductase converts a beard growing hormone to an even more efficient and potent beard boosting one. Simple! I guess you can see for your eyes the great importance sorghum provides as regards growing a blossoming beard.\nIf you’re a weightlifter, then creatine shouldn’t be a new thing to you. Research has proven, that after protein powders, creatine is the next most popular supplement used for the promotion of lean mass, and also to gain strength.\nAside all these importance, creatin is an efficient beard growth supplement, which aids a higher production of the major hormones for beard growth. Creatine has been confirmed to help in increasing the levels of testosterone and DHT present in a body system.\nGlycine is an amino acid. As and now, it is the purest known protein present in the human body.\nBasically, the main function/importance of glycine is its ability to help promote one’s quality of sleep, and also helps in reducing the amount of time it takes one to fall into a sound sleep. Thus, confirming it to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter.\nHowever, asides these above-mentioned functions, glycine helps in increasing the 5-a reductase enzyme (although not as much as sorghum), thereby stimulating the conversion of testosterone to DHT, which in turn leads to the promotion of the amount of hair growing on the facial area of the body.\nTruth be told, the greatest supplement for these major hormones for bead growth are multivitamins.\nThis is because hair follicles make use of vitamins and rich minerals as a building block towards producing a nicely blossoming beard.\nAlso, the human body also uses these same vitamins and minerals to produce testosterone, which is further converted into DHT by the enzyme 5-a reductase.\nHowever, taking multivitamins doesn’t mean your beard would grow overnight. No. it’s not black magic. It doesn’t just add hair to your face like that. Instead, it nourishes and helps the required hormones for the healthy growth of your beard. It functions in such a way that it ensures every micronutrient level in your body system are topped up, and every other thing your body needs in other to grow a beard are supplied to the body.\nVitamins like vitamin D, when added to the body using a low-dose vitamin D supplement, it increases the testosterone levels of the body by 25% in a year. Also a Vitamin E supplement also acts as a beard growth accelerator cause of its ability to stimulate the production of testosterone in the body.\nCalcium, magnesium, zinc, etc. supplements are also useful in stimulating the production of these major hormones for beard growth present in the body system. In fact generally, all these minerals can be referred to as beard enhancers.\nConclusion on Major Hormones for Beard Growth\nSo this is how I’d be bringing this article to a close. It’s really being a log ride dissecting the topic – “Major Hormones for Beard Growth and Supplements to improve them.”\nI know this article would have helped in a way or the other, hence, please help that friend of yours who’s struggling to grow a beard too, by sharing this article with him.\nHowever, should you have any questions, reservations, or any information that I missed out, please feel free to share them with me via the comment section? I’d love to have your thoughts, opinions, and yes! Your testimony!\nTill then, keep bearding!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dbagroindustries.com/our-unique-process-line/", "date": "2023-06-07T02:17:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653501.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607010703-20230607040703-00624.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9151139855384827, "token_count": 358, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__92957883", "lang": "en", "text": "Our unique process line\nManufacturing of vacuum evaporated organic jaggery:\n- Sugarcane is grown using Desi cow’s manure that has a high percentage of Nitrogen with other organic manure.\n- Jaggery is produced using closed multiple effect stainless steel vacuum evaporators with indirect heating using steam at a very low temperature, retaining and preserving the medicinal properties of sugarcane juice in their natural form.\n- The juice is clarified using vegetative clarificants only.\n- The filtered clear juice is evaporated in closed vacuum evaporators without addition of any chemicals or preservatives.\n- The process temperature does not exceed 80° C and no inversion of sucrose which avoids formation of cancer-causing acrylamide.\n- The product Jaggery is not centrifuged as in the sugar factory or a raw sugar unit and hence it retains all the nutritional and medicinal properties of sugarcane because the molasses is absorbed in the Jaggery itself.\n- Our jaggery is unrefined, raw, unbleached, vacuum evaporated WHOLE CANE juice and has a shelf life of more than 2 years.\n- Our jaggery retains all the medicinal and nutritional properties present in the sugarcane.\n- Our jaggery has low glycemic index and is an ideal replacement of for sugar in tea, coffee, milk, juices, puddings, beverages, etc.\n- Above process is one small step taken by us to reduce pollution and manufacture jaggery in a worker-friendly, hygienic and Eco-friendly way with a low carbon footprint.\n- Evaporated water is condensed into the water tank and is used in the fields.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://coxsharley-davidson.com/jet-hot-high-performance-coatings/", "date": "2021-12-06T22:52:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363327.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206224536-20211207014536-00602.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9009754061698914, "token_count": 1213, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__77053090", "lang": "en", "text": "To go to the Jet-Hot website click here\nWHAT ARE JET-HOT COATINGS?\nJet-Hot Coatings are high-performance ceramic coatings for exhaust headers, side pipes, manifolds, intakes, mufflers, turbo housings, and other parts. When you coat the external and internal surfaces of your exhaust system, you'll improve their performance and longevity-and possibly avoid costly repairs later. These coatings improve horsepower output and protect other components in and around the engine from the heat that emits from exhaust components. It's a waste of money to buy expensive exhaust parts that perform worse and look worn down after only a few months. For a low cost now, Jet-Hot Coatings make your parts look amazing, perform better, and always come with a lifetime guarantee.\nIf you send in or drop off rusted parts, we'll use our expert process to prepare even those! As long as there are no holes or pits in the metal, a new ceramic coating on headers or other parts will make them look perfect-better than new. Everyone will be blown away by the look of your new ceramic coating.\nSo, get a ceramic header coating-or whatever other parts you need coated. And check out our Classic, Off-Road, Jet-Hot, and Color options below to see which coating is perfect for your next project.\nWHY PEOPLE LOVE CERAMIC COATINGS\nExtend the Life of Your Parts. You've put money into special parts, so protect them! Sometimes a $50,000 car can completely break down just because the parts weren’t ceramic coated. It takes a lot of time to remove and repair expensive exhaust parts, headers, and turbo kits, so the longer you can make them last, the better!\nProtection from Corrosion. Ceramic coatings keep away oil, gas, salt, and other metal degrading materials that your parts come into contact with every day. You should always have an expert advise you on which type of coating will be best for your parts and the way you plan to use them.\nHigher Performance. Even if you bought titanium or good stainless steel parts, a ceramic coating for headers, exhaust pipes, and turbo parts (just to name a few) actually improves their performance. These types of coatings actually cause your exhaust gases to flow faster and decrease thermal tumbling. Ceramic coatings also eliminate pressure problems and give you even more horsepower! Need another performance perk? Ceramic coatings prevent heat from escaping your vehicle's pipes, which prevents damage to spark plug wires, wiring harnesses, and plastic components, so your engine runs better.\nProtection from Thermal Cycling. For high-performance systems, a coating that can withstand more than 1600°F protects your turbo and exhaust parts from thermal cycling that can break down metal over time. In other words, the ceramic coating keeps heat inside the system, so that the metal doesn't cycle from red-hot heating back to cool continuously.\nThey Look Great! Ceramic coatings can make parts look like chrome without the discoloration and flaking problems of chrome. Don't like the look of chrome? Ceramic coatings are available in a wide array of color options from ghost white to pure black-and everything in between. Blackout your motorcycle, make your header stand out, or create a custom design under the hood that lasts forever. You can even custom match a color that’s already on your vehicle, and get the look you’ve always wanted.\nJet-Hot pioneered the industry’s Classic Polish coating back in 1981. Today, it's still considered the best that the industry has to offer. Classic Polish lowers a part's surrounding temperatures by up to 65% and withstands temperatures up to 1250°F. For automotive applications, coating almost any external or internal surface can improve the performance of the entire exhaust system-all while protecting the coated part(s) from galvanic corrosion and thermal oxidation. Use it to coat exhaust systems and headers, piston heads, catalytic converters, x-pipes, side pipes, heat shields, tubing, and tips. Just to name a few!\nAs its name suggests, this coating is ideal for off-road cars, trucks, dune buggies, motorbikes, and Jeeps. Like Classic Polish, Jet-Hot's Off-Road Polish lowers parts' surrounding temperatures and prevents galvanic thermal oxidation, improving the performance of the entire exhaust system. This unparalleled coating is rated for severe conditions surviving conditions greater than 2000°F. Use it to coat turbo housings, exhaust systems and headers, piston heads, catalytic converters, x-pipes, side pipes, heat shields, tubing, and tips.\nJET-HOT ULTRA EXTREME HEAT THERMAL BARRIER\nJet-Hot's Ultra Extreme Heat Thermal Barrier is our most powerful thermal protection available. This impervious coating can withstand 2500°F temperatures, double that of Classic Polish. It insulates metal, protects from corrosion, increases performance, and prevents heat from escaping and causing damage to other components. Coating applications include headers, turbo housings, down pipes, x-pipes, side pipes, heat shields, tubing, exhaust parts and systems, catalytic converters, and other high-performance parts.\nColor Topcoats personalize your vehicle to make it the ride of your dreams! We offer the largest selection of colors in the industry. The most popular choices are Satin Black and Classic Polish, but there are more than 80 other color options to choose from. Color topcoats are applied over a ceramic-metallic base-coat to protect against corrosion. Looking for something truly unique? Work with a Jet-Hot specialist to custom develop a color that's uniquely you.\nGet your Jet-Hot ceramic header coatings today!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnrse/installations/nas_kingsville/om/corrosion_control.html", "date": "2020-01-28T12:38:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251778272.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200128122813-20200128152813-00220.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8917137980461121, "token_count": 292, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__145702264", "lang": "en", "text": "NAS Kingsville was one of the first Navy facilities to open a Corrosion Control Facility complete with the FLASHJET painting and stripping process. Opened in July 1998, the FLASHJET system incorporates a patented process that combines pulsed light energy and a steady stream of dry ice pellets to remove up to 4 square feet of paint per minute for less than $4 per square foot. That is less than one-third the cost of manual removal and one-sixth the cost of chemical stripping. Compared to chemical stripping and media blast processes, the FLASHJET process is environmentally safe, produces 90 percent less waste, with no environmental issues.\nThe Boeing FLASHJET Process is designed to safely and economically remove aircraft coatings from both metals and composites without the use of hazardous chemicals or potentially damaging impingement media. It significantly reduces the amount of hazardous waste generated compared to chemical stripping or media blasting processes.\nFLASHJET combines a xenon flash lamp with a low-pressure carbon dioxide (dry ice) pellet stream. The xenon flash lamp ablates the coating from the substrate and the dry ice pellets cool and clean the substrate and sweep the coating ash into an effluent capture system. The effluent capture system vacuums the by-product dust through air pollution control equipment including High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, leaving the air clean enough for venting to the atmosphere.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.conpalux.com/en/manufacturing", "date": "2022-11-26T23:14:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446709929.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126212945-20221127002945-00832.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9113932847976685, "token_count": 359, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__203961074", "lang": "en", "text": "Custom manufacturing of your cosmetic and dermo-cosmetic products\nWe manufacture cosmetics in small, medium or large series ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 units.\nWe custom-manufacture all galenic formulations in liquid, viscous and semi-viscous form :\ncosmetic formulas (beauty, care, hygiene)\n- alcohol based liquids (explosion proof tank)\nCustom manufacturing: efficient manufacturing equipment\nOur mixing equipment is composed of 7 tanks, ranging from 100 to 2,400kg, in high polish stainless steel finish for cosmetic mixtures and emulsions.\nOur production tanks are equipped with:\n- dimple jackets for heating and cooling\n- external recirculation and emulsifier at the bottom of the vessel\n- bowl scraper and counter rotating blender\n- a vacuum system\n- melting and ancillary equipment\nProcess parameters are controlled via a specific operating mode, developed from pilot manufacturing validated by the formulation laboratory.\nOur approach and quality policy in the service of customer satisfaction\nYour formula will be implemented according to high technology equipment operational procedures, and with the highest respect for hygiene and quality standards, in accordance with cosmetics GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices).\nOur computerized recording and control system for weight guarantees the traceability and conformity of weight by the operator.\nOur laboratory is included within the manufacturing process and is responsible for carrying out various controls (physico-chemical, organoleptic and microbiological) throughout the manufacturing process:\n- incoming raw materials are systematically quarantined to be controlled;\n- during production, different tests are carried out to ensure compliance with specifications: pH, viscosity, density ...;\n- a sample is kept at the end of production.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://theharmonygroup.me.uk/product/nuskin-epoch-baby-hibiscus-hair-body-wash/", "date": "2020-02-24T09:23:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145910.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224071540-20200224101540-00362.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7841419577598572, "token_count": 339, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__28369412", "lang": "en", "text": "Indigenous parents have long used special flowers and plants to cleanse their babies. Epoch® Baby Hibiscus Hair and Body Wash contains hibiscus flower extracts, used by traditional cultures in Southeast Asia and Central America to help moisturise and maintain a healthy scalp while cleansing the skin and hair.\nNow you can tap into gems of wisdom passed down by generations of parents from the far reaches of the globe to give your baby the best care possible. Epoch® Baby Hibiscus Hair and Body Wash brings you tried and trusted ancient botanical traditions, perfected in partnership with leading ethnobotanists. This gentle, effective product offers time-proven solution for your baby’s skin care needs.\nNo tears formula. It dispenses conveniently through the use of one hand and makes bathing your baby easier.\nDispense desired amount onto baby’s wet body and hair. Gently massage and rinse clean.\nAqua, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Glycerin, Polysorbate 20, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Butylene Glycol, Caprylyl Glycol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Avena Sativa Kernel Extract, Sambucus Nigra Fruit Juice, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract, Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Flower Extract, Polyquaternium-7, Sodium Chloride, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Hexylene Glycol, Disodium EDTA, Citric Acid, Parfum, Phenoxyethanol, Benzyl Benzoate, Butylphenyl Methylpropional.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://artemis-holdings.com/decomposition-performance-of-hydrogen-peroxide-for-use-in-bi-propellant-thrusters/", "date": "2024-02-22T10:30:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473738.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222093910-20240222123910-00328.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8731595873832703, "token_count": 2161, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__75638934", "lang": "en", "text": "Research towards the application of hydrogen peroxide in bi-propellant thruster systems is of great interest to the aerospace community for its non-toxicity and low cost. Because Hydrogen Peroxide’s decomposition into Hydrogen, Water, and Oxygen is an exothermic reaction. Researchers theorize that hydrogen peroxide decomposing within a combustion generates higher temperatures and it is therefore a more effective method of oxidation for rocket engines. This study shows that decomposition of hydrogen peroxide must happen prior to combustion to maximize temperature within a propulsion system.\nF = force in newtons\nṀ = mass flow rate in grams / seconds\nV = velocity\nP = pressure\nA = area\nT = temperature in Celsius\ne = exit of nozzle\nt = throat of nozzle\nHydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is a powerful albeit an unstable oxidizer. Under normal conditions, H2O2 will decompose under heat and UV light  with the following equation:\nBecause of its low toxicity rating and low cost of production, peroxide has been used as propellant for rockets since the mid-1950s . When used as a monopropellant hydrogen peroxide passes through a catalyst causing it to decompose rapidly, releasing thermal energy. The catalyst for hydrogen peroxide is usually a superposed silver mesh . It has the ability to rapidly decompose peroxide while not disintegrating.\nThere is an increased interest in using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer for hybrid rocket engine designs because of how it is more environmentally friendly compared to other oxidizers like hydrazine . These hybrid rocket engine designs are bi-propellent systems. They use one propellant that is a solid and another that is liquid, a catalyst rapidly decomposes the peroxide prior to introduction in the combustion chamber.\nBy applying the fundamentals of the ideal gas law, the thrust of a rocket is produced from the mass being expelled from combustion chamber of the rocket. The products of the combustion are a gas and considered a working fluid that accelerate towards the exhaust. Because of Newton’s third law of motion, the rapid expulsion of mass from the rear of the rocket causes the rocket to accelerate .\nSince the general thrust equation is:\nWhere F is force in Newtons, Ṁ represents the mass flow rate in g/s, V is velocity in m/s, Pe is pressure in bars at the exit of the nozzle, Pt is pressure in bars at the throat of the nozzle, and Ae is the area in cm at the exit of the nozzle bell. Through the general thrust equation, it is possible to calculate how to control the pressure within the combustion chamber by increasing temperature.\nGiven the Equation of State:\nWhere P is Pressure, V is Volume, R is the Gas Constant, and T is Temperature. The equation can be re-balanced to the following:\nThis rebalanced equation displays the relation of temperature to pressure. Since the gas constant and volume of the combustion chamber are constants, temperature is the only other variable in the gas constant law available to manipulate pressure, and ultimately thrust of the rocket.\nIn this study, the most efficient oxidation is determined by the method of introduction which produces the highest maximum temperatures within the combustion.\nThough many hybrid rocket designs state the advantage of using a catalyst to rapidly decompose peroxide and in introducing H2O + O2 into the combustion chamber, this study explores when peroxide should be introduced into the combustion process to maximize enthalpy.\nII – Method\nIn this study, it is proposed that atomizing hydrogen peroxide is the most efficient way to introduce it to the combustion process. Hydrogen peroxide when atomized creates an exothermic reaction resulting in higher temperatures. The research therefore compares the application of a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution as an oxidizer through atomization and resulting decomposition. The combustion fuel used in this study is 2 g (± 0.1) of Hexamethylenetetramine (CH2)6N4, chosen because of its high energy content, stability, and relative ease of production . All (CH2)6N4 comes from the same lot from a sole source manufacturer.\nThe following calculation demonstrates the combustion of Hexamethylenetetramine under ideal circumstances and do not account for the surrounding atmosphere nor the dilution of the hydrogen peroxide used:\nSince this study utilizes a low concentration, changes in temperature will be minor. Slight changes in temperature during the experiment will translate to larger changes when higher concentrations of H2O2 are used.\nData is gathered by measuring the combustion temperature of three samples in a control sample burn, three samples with decomposed hydrogen peroxide, and three samples with atomized hydrogen peroxide.\nIn all variants of the experiment Hexamethylenetetramine is placed on an aluminum test stand with holes cut through it in a ‘star pattern’. The temperature in this experiment is measured using a Voltcraft IR-Thermometer 260-8S with a duration of twenty seconds for each sample. Because the measurements are taken with an IR thermometer each reading is centered on the burning Hexamethylenetetramine cube and the thermometer is held approximately 25 cm away from the flame.\nEach sample undergoes the following cycle:\n- Measure start temp of cube prior to combustion.\n- Ignite fuel.\n- Allow fuel to burn for 10 sec to allow fuel to reach max burn temperature.\n- Introduce oxidizer (if applicable).\n- Measure temperature of fuel for 20 sec.\n- Record maximum and minimum temperatures.\n- Extinguish flame.\nSamples are discarded after combustion allowing each sample to combust with the same mass.\nA. Introduction of Atomized Hydrogen Peroxide to Combustion\nTo introduce atomized hydrogen peroxide, the study uses a pneumatic atomizing nozzle with a reciprocating pump mechanism. The nozzle is kept approximately 17 cm away from the flame and sprayed every three seconds allowing the mist to interact with the combustion.\nB. Introduction of Decomposed Hydrogen Peroxide to Combustion\nDecomposed hydrogen peroxide is introduced to the combustion by mixing 15 ml of H2O2 with 5 ml of a yeast enzyme in a bowl. The bowl is then placed underneath the combustion; as the O2 from the decomposed hydrogen rises it interacts with the combustion of (CH2)6N4. This study chose to use a yeast enzyme over magnesium dioxide or other inorganic material to better understand the possibility of using organic oxidizer decomposition, or more environmentally-friendly, rocket propulsion designs.\nThe ambient temperature of H2O2 in a bowl during the experiment is 25.0 °C. After the catalytic enzyme is added to the bowl of H2O2, the temperature rises to 39.6 °C.\nTable 1 demonstrates the control temperatures of Hexamine combusting without an oxidizer.\n|Table 1: Control Burn Temperatures\n|Table 2: Enzyme Decomposition Oxidizer Temperatures\n|Table 3: Atomized Oxidizer Temperatures\nAfter measuring all samples, the highest temperature reaction is the enzyme decomposition. The decomposed hydrogen peroxide from enzyme also produced the highest median temperature.\nWhen considering the mean maximum and minimum of all temperatures in the oxidization on the reaction, the combustion temperature of enzyme decomposed hydrogen peroxide is 11.9 °C less than the control, and the combustion temperature of atomized hydrogen peroxide is 18.0 °C less than the control.\n|Table 4: Average Variance in Stability\n|Method of Introduction\n|Δ Temperature (Tmax – Tmin)\nAdditionally, the amount of change between maximum and minimum temperature is 43% less than the control with atomized H2O2; enzyme decomposed H2O2 has a deviation of 37% from the control.\nIII – Conclusion\nIn a combustion of Hexamethylenetetramine, hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer produces the highest maximum temperatures when it is decomposed prior to combustion; for this study pre-decomposition is achieved with the use of enzymes. Including hydrogen peroxide in the combustion process does not increase temperature. In this study hydrogen peroxide must occur prior to combustion to achieve maximum combustion efficiency.\nThe large variance of average temperatures from methods can be attributed to inconsistent means of introducing the oxidizer to the combustion. In subsequent tests, the oxidizer must be introduced at a uniform and constant rate to decrease the ΔT within the reaction.\nAlso, it is speculated that the maximum temperatures of a H2O2 will increase when catalyzed with a non-organic compound such as magnesium or silver.\nUsing industrial strength hydrogen peroxide in future studies could possibly increase combustion efficiencies.\n Nelson, D. P., and Kiesow, L. A., “Enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase at 25° C (with molar extinction coefficients of H2O2 solutions in the UV),” Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 49, 1972, pp. 474–478.\n Berrier, B., “Hydrogen Peroxide Incidents” Available: https://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/crgis/images/9/95/H2O2.pdf.\n Maia, F. F., Gouvea, L. H., Pereira, L. G. F., Vieira, R., and Costa, F. D. S., “Development and Optimization of a Catalytic Thruster for Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition,” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, vol. 6,2014, pp. 61–67.\n Ahn, S.-H., Choi, T.-H., Krishnan, S., and Lee, C.-W., “A Laboratory Scale Hydrogen-Peroxide Rocket-Engine Facility,” 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 2003.\n Newlands, R. M., Science and Design of the Hybrid Rocket Engine, LULU, 2017.\n Dolling, G., and Powell, B. M., “Intermolecular Dynamics of Hexamethylenetetramine,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 319, 1970, pp. 209–235.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://gfm.aps.org/meetings/dfd-2020/5f3058fd199e4c091e67b8f4", "date": "2024-04-21T17:40:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817790.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421163736-20240421193736-00310.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8959540128707886, "token_count": 307, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__51063334", "lang": "en", "text": "In this paper, we study the fundamental mechanism of surface bubble nucleation in nanoparticle (NP) suspension upon laser irradiation. Our experiments find that the bubble nucleation thresholds differ depending on if the surface is forward- or backward-facing the light propagation direction even if the laser power density is the same on the surface. High speed videography reveals that NP deposition on the surface is a pre-requisite for bubble nucleation, and it is the optical dispersive force that drives such deposition. Optical pulling force is needed to deposit NPs when the surface is backward-facing the laser propagation direction, and this is achieved only when the laser optical fluence is sufficiently high to generate a supercavitating nanobubble around the NP, which is needed to enable proper optical condition for optical pulling motion to happen. When the surface is forward-facing the laser propagation direction, optical pushing force, which exists on both bare or supercavitating NPs, makes the NP deposition easier and thus lowers the surface bubble nucleation threshold. Further experiments comparing the NPs with different surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequencies show that optical pulling-induced nucleation is impossible if the laser is off the SPR peak of the NPs, since it cannot intensely excite the NP to form supercavitation. However, optical pushing-induced nucleation surface bubble nucleation always happens regardless if the NP SPR peak aligns with the laser wavelength. The results reveal interesting physics leading to photothermal surface bubble generation in NP suspensions.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://marymiley.wordpress.com/2014/02/02/rough-on-rats/", "date": "2017-03-28T23:34:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190134.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00102-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9623448252677917, "token_count": 349, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__229019302", "lang": "en", "text": "My favorite Twenties poison! I use Rough on Rats in SILENT MURDERS (due out in September), but not to kill anyone. No . . . another poison kills my victims. Still, I have a special place in my heart for Rough on Rats ever since I found some of the advertisements for the product. Aren’t they great? I bought them on eBay, and I bring them to book club meetings whenever I’m invited to visit.\nI’ve been reading the POISONER’S HANDBOOK by Deborah Blum and was delighted to see her discuss Rough on Rats. I learned a good deal about the stuff: it was a grayish powder made of 10 % soot and 90 % arsenic. Arsenic was a much-used ingredient in dyes to color wallpaper, fabric, boxes, greeting cards, candles, toys, paints, Venetian blinds, carpets soap, and jewelry. In other words, it was everywhere. Even wallpaper untainted by arsenic (it made a lovely green) could be poisonous because paperhangers mixed arsenic in their paste in the belief that it would keep rats from gnawing into the walls.\nThe author makes the point that it was hard to pin arsenic murder on a particular person because anyone could buy arsenic easily (in drugstores, grocery stores, or garden supply stores) and virtually everyone had it at home, whether they knew it or not, because it was an ingredient in medicines and creams prescribed by doctors as well as used for weed killers, bug killers, and rat killers. So arsenic was a foolproof way to kill someone–until the advent of forensic science in the Twenties.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://aceraschool.org/afternoon-science-lab-programs/", "date": "2017-08-22T12:51:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110774.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822123737-20170822143737-00082.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9389764666557312, "token_count": 330, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__121417534", "lang": "en", "text": "Early and consistently hands-on, inquiry-driven science learning is something we care deeply about at Acera. Which is why we are excited to open up our professionally equipped science lab to the community on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday afternoons, 3:30 to 5:30 p.m.\nOn Tuesdays, middle school age children (11-15) can immerse themselves in our biotechnology program, exploring concepts and techniques such as restriction enzymes, electrophoresis, bacterial transformations and cell culture, immunoassays, and PCR.\nOn Wednesdays, we invite the youngest learners to try out what it is like to do science, not read about it. Children age 7-9 will enter the worlds of biology (fall trimester), chemistry (winter) and biochemistry (spring). Next to bacteria, they will explore acid-based chemistry, electro-chemistry, and try some cool experiments involving chemical reactions and their classifications.\nOn Thursdays, children age 9-13 will also immerse themselves in biology, chemistry and biochemistry, running their own experiments and learning at a level appropriate for middle school age children.\nClasses are taught by Michael Hirsch, a former pharmaceutical scientist with a B.S. in molecular biology and a Masters of the Arts in Teaching for biology, and the winner of the GlaxoSmithKlein Exceptional Science Award. Michael has taught High School biology and chemistry, including AP classes, and currently works as the Laboratory Science Manager at Acera School.\nLearn more and register for a program at www.acerasteamlab.org!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://kfs.medizin.unibas.ch/en/projects/", "date": "2024-02-25T01:32:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474573.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225003942-20240225033942-00257.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.92926025390625, "token_count": 642, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__186777258", "lang": "en", "text": "Our research focuses on the effects of hallucinogens and entactogens in humans. More specifically, we are investigating the acute effects of LSD and MDMA (particularly neuronal correlates measured with fMRI) and potential therapeutic effects of LSD in anxiety and depression. Furthermore, we systematically assess the evidence for neurotoxic effects of MDMA.\nWe have been involved in several studies on the effects of MDMA, LSD, mescaline and psilocybin in healthy participants. All studies are conducted in close cooperation with the research group of Prof Matthias Liechti, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Basel. Outcomes of these studies included acute subjective effects, physiological effects, safety, and fMRI correlates of acute drug effects. Among others, this research demonstrated safety and feasibility, distinct (dose) profiles of subjective drugs effects and shed some light on neuronal correlates of acutely induced drug effects. We could also show that LSD induces long-lasting positive effects in healthy persons.\nCurrently, we aim to carry results of these phase-I-studies forward to clinical application: We have been involved in a phase-II-study investigating LSD as a treatment for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases and generalized anxiety disorder . Furthermore, we are conducting a phase-II-study which investigates LSD as a treatment for patients suffering from major depression. The primary hypothesis is that two administrations of LSD can induce long-lasting symptom reductions in anxiety and depression.\n- Psychological, physiological, endocrine, and pharmacokinetic effects of LSD in a controlled study (link)\n- Effects of methylphenidate, modafinil, and MDMA on emotion-processing in humans: A pharmaco-fMRI study (link)\n- Neuronal correlates of altered states of consciousness (link)\n- LSD treatment in persons suffering from anxiety symptoms in severe somatic diseases or in psychiatric anxiety disorders (link)\n- Role of dopamine, serotonin and 5HT2A receptors in emotion processing (link)\n- Role of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness (link)\n- Direct comparison of altered states of consciousness induced by LSD and psilocybin (link)\n- LSD therapy for persons suffering from major depression (link)\nAfter the discovery of LSD by the Basel chemist Albert Hofmann in the 1940s, psychiatry placed high hopes on this compound, especially as possible treatment options for various mental diseases. Clinical studies showed evidence of positive long-term effects on depressive symptoms, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Similar effects were seen after administration of the related hallucinogenic agents psilocybin and mescaline. Interestingly, it was observed that limited administrations of these substances resulted in positive long-term effects in several mental diseases. Thus, this approach appeared to be fundamentally different from other known psychiatric medications that require administrations on a daily basis. Although psychiatry has progressed greatly during the twentieth century, there are still patients who do not respond well to established interventions and are therefore considered treatment-resistant. A few years ago, there was a worldwide resurgence in this area of research and our team has been on the forefront of this development.\nDr Albert Hofmann", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://klanz.co.uk/carpet-cleaning-in-hotels", "date": "2022-05-28T00:05:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663011588.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528000300-20220528030300-00396.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.938071608543396, "token_count": 1281, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__214628058", "lang": "en", "text": "CARPET CLEANING SUPPLIES\nCARPET CLEANING SUPPLIES\nKlanz offer a range of carpet spot and stain removers to\nkeep your hotel carpets clean.\nProducts to help remove spots and stains from daily foot traffic, spills and accidents\nCarpet maintenance is a very important task of the Housekeeping department since carpet and upholstery’s appearance ensure a splendid and magnificent atmosphere in hotel premises were both the guest and visitors can be attracted to the hotel services and the surroundings\nThe reasons why hotels pay attention to great detail in maintaining carpet and upholstery are:\nIt creates a positive impression\nPromotes cleanliness within the premises\nMake the best use of investment\nTo protect it from being soiled\nTo improve the air quality\nThere are certain soils which trigger the need for maintenance and refurbishment of carpet.\nSoils are very dangerous for carpets because they affect heavy traffic areas of carpets.\nHousekeeping must take initiative to remove the soils from carpets as one single soiled area can spoil the entire appearance of the hotel.\nSince different soil requires different treatment, a complete understanding of these types of soil will ensure cost effective implementation of a carpet cleaning maintenance program.\nFollowings are the four types of soils that affect Carpet:\n1. Dry Soils\nDry soil could be any type that lies in dry position and difficult to clean if they are mixed with any oily materials (since oily materials lead the dry soils to stick to the carpet fiver very strongly). Following are the certain basic types of dry soils:\nGrit Ashes and other loose particles\nAmong all soils, carpets are mostly vulnerable to sand and grit. Sand and grit trigger excessive and rapid wear on the carpet fibres and the carpets backing material.\n2. Water Based Spots and Stains\nWater based soils affect the carpet through frequent corrosion of carpet appearance by sticking to the carpet fibres.\nSpillages- coffee ,tea\nWater based spot and stain removers that are formulated ,blended and mixed are very effective and useful for removing and cleaning the water soils.\n3. Oil based Spots and Stains\nThere are several types of oily based materials that adhere with carpet fibres and responsible for carpet deterioration.\nDetergent and solvent based spot and stain removers that are formulated, blended and mixed are very effective and useful for removing and cleaning the oily soils.\n4. Stains, Discoloration and Odour\nStains and Discoloration include miscellaneous soils such as rust, water spots, food dyes. Using specialized blended, mixed and formulated carpet spotters are very helpful in eliminating these soils form the carpets.\nCarpets are exposed to various unwanted odours over their life. Using the correct chemicals and equipment, Odours can be removed from carpets safely\nOur aim is to simplify how in house teams clean carpets in your hotels, products having easy heading labels as to not confuse the operators. Product that include removers for : Red wine, tea, coffee, food dyes,\nshoe polish, make up and more\nHere is an explanation of the 4 Types of Carpet Cleaning Techniques that can be performed on your carpets. We hope this would help you understand what to expect every time you have your carpet cleaned.\nBefore any carpet cleaning is undertaken it is of vital importance that a thorough vacuum cleaning routine is carry out to remove as much dry soils as possible.\n1.Hot Water Extraction (Deep Cleaning Method)\nHot water extraction involves a combination of high temperatures water that is mixed with various cleaning agents being injected into the carpet at high pressure to loosen the dirt,\nstains and soil from its fibres.\nA hot water extraction carpet cleaning machine usually has two tanks. A solution tank to hold the clean water and cleaning solution and a\nrecovery tank which is where all the dirty water is extracted to. Powerful vacuums extract the dirty water and debris from the carpet.\nHot Water Extraction is an effective deep-cleaning method\nThis method helps to remove dirt trapped way down into the carpet fibres.\n2.Dry Powder Cleaning\nDry powder cleaning involves a technique where a soft, natural cleaning product is combined with a small amount of water, detergent, and a safe-to-use solvent.\nThis mixture is then brushed into the carpet, The powder acts like micro-sponges that dissolve and absorb dirt. Later, the product is vacuumed out to reveal a cleaner carpet surface.\nThis method is not considered as a deep-cleaning since it just removes dirt from the surface of a carpet. However, this is an appropriate maintenance cleaning technique for commercial use.\nAn encapsulation cleaning solution is applied via a sprayer\nAfterwards, a rotary or cylindrical agitation machine with a brush is used brush the chemical into the carpet,\nThis allows the encapsulating chemical to penetrate, absorb and isolate the dirt on the carpet, allowing the isolated dirt to then be vacuumed way once dried\nThis cleaning process is fast and with minimum downtime, since this is a low-moisture system, carpets can be put back into use promptly.\nThis is also a great carpet maintenance-cleaning method for commercial use, perfect to maintain the surface of high foot traffic carpet.\n4.Bonnet Mop Cleaning\nA very low moisture cleaning method\nBecause only the surface of the carpet is treated, the carpet is usually dry in 15-30 minutes.\nIn Bonnet Cleaning, self-neutralising detergent is sprayed into the carpet and it’s then agitated with a rotary scrubber with a dry cotton bonnet pad attached.\nThis is an appropriate maintenance cleaning technique for commercial use, giving the surface of the carpet a clean appearance.\nKlanz have over 25 years experience in the carpet cleaning industry and can recommend chemicals and machines that suit you needs - Contact us firstname.lastname@example.org", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://otc-daihen.com/company/news/automation-of-coronavirus-testing.html", "date": "2024-04-18T05:10:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817187.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418030928-20240418060928-00571.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9536553621292114, "token_count": 1101, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__57009673", "lang": "en", "text": "Always up to date\nSafety and reliability are paramount in the evaluation of PCR test tubes. Femitec from Neusäß, a manufacturer for automated solutions, has developed a laboratory cell with two cooperating six-arm robots - a novelty in laboratory technology.\nTests for coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) are performed everywhere and as a matter of course. A reliable method for detecting viruses is polymerase chain reaction (PCR); in this PCR test, known as a pathogen detection test, secretion from a swab of the nasopharynx and oral pharynx of the person tested is immersed in a plastic tube filled with buffer fluid. The sample is analyzed in a laboratory - with a repetitive handling procedure: remove the tube from the collection tray, shake it and perform the barcode identification. Now the cap of the tube is unscrewed and exactly 0.2 milliliters of sample material is taken with the pipette. Immediately after this, the cap is screwed back on and the test tube is placed back in the tray. Finally, the pipette contents are placed in the reagent substrate and sent for further laboratory evaluation. In this evaluation, genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be detected, provided that the test person who gave the specific sample secretion is infected. Since this only becomes evident after completion of the analysis process, all test tubes including screw caps and pipettes must be assumed to be contaminated during sample handling. Nothing must go wrong here, nothing must fall off!\nZero error process is indispensable in the test procedure\nEven if a laboratory were in a position in terms of personnel to handle, process and evaluate the daily tests manually, the \"human factor of uncertainty\" remains: On the one hand, two hands are hardly sufficient to safely manage sample handling without intermediate storage. On the other hand, the permanently repeated unscrewing and screwing on of the tube caps is unergonomic and mentally tiring. The screw caps, which were put on manually in the test centers, fit differently and can possibly be tilted. And finally, a person is probably not capable per se of delivering zero-defect performance over hours. But in the case of the Corona tests, this is absolutely necessary. On the one hand, to rule out procedural errors and thus false test results. On the other hand, to prevent any virus-contaminated material from being released into the laboratory environment under any circumstances. Both would have far-reaching consequences.\nFully automated test sequence - without example and \"developed from scratch\".\nThe key to solving this anything but trivial challenge is automation. The special machine builder Femitec in Neusäß near Augsburg has developed a robotic cell for a well-known laboratory company, which precisely maps this handling process in a customized manner and carries it out completely automatically. The automation cell can be flexibly expanded and converted and is suitable for continuous operation. Development started in December 2020, and the cell was delivered in April 2021. \"We developed from scratch,\" says Raimund Geh, a member of the management team at Femitec. \"There was no sample or example for this cell,\" he indicates. \"After all, an automated PCR test analysis station didn't exist before, and it was clear from the start that the system had to work one hundred percent safely in every respect.\" It was also clear that the boundary conditions were challenging. This is because plastic tubes from different manufacturers come out of the test stations, in different sizes, often with different wall thicknesses. The material gives way when gripped, Raimund Geh points out. In addition, the tubes are screwed together manually, each with a different force. The plastic thread may also be damaged or uneven. The challenge was mastered by choosing a flexibly controllable gripper that is explicitly suitable for applications in laboratory automation.\nProject development at top speed\nAfter a total development time of only five months, the automation solution was delivered to the test laboratory. Since then, it has been working smoothly and is a novelty in terms of laboratory automation technology: One of the two installed FD-H5 six-axis jointed-arm robots from OTC DAIHEN picks up the plastic residual tubes in parallel from two trays - one on the right, one on the left - as they are delivered from the test center to the laboratory. Attendance is checked at a light barrier, the sample is mixed at a vibrating pad, and barcode entry, opening of the screw cap and holding of the cap are performed at two stations in parallel. Meanwhile, the second robot picks up a pipette, removes the precisely defined sample volume of 0.2 milliliters and feeds it very precisely to the reagent tray for diagnostics. The first robot puts the screw caps back on and places the test tubes back in the tray.\nThe two robots work cooperatively with each other and exchange all process information in real time. In addition, a total of five grippers are used - three handle the tubes, two grippers hold the screw cap, while a rotary unit unscrews or reseals the tube - non-stop.\n\"The cell has passed all contamination tests on the part of the laboratory: No material is carried away at any point during the process, and the suction system works perfectly,\" concludes Raimund Geh with satisfaction.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://postwink.co.za/bacterrorist/", "date": "2020-04-05T01:07:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370526982.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200404231315-20200405021315-00280.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9359318017959595, "token_count": 1028, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__53321987", "lang": "en", "text": "At Postwink, we love the idea of your company being truly environmentally-conscious.\nThis is why we promote all things which are planet-friendly – but which also works efficiently.\nSo since you are already doing your bit by recycling, why not clean your recycling bins and wheelie bins the planet-friendly way? The way nature intended? Postwink recommends a multi-purpose enzyme cleaner which is especially soft on your stainless steel, vinyls and branded recycling bins; and yet it is efficient in removing dirt and organic waste – for good.\nThis amazing product is called the BACTERRORIST.\nSounds dangerous? It is for dirt, but not for the environment as it cleans the way nature intended using enzyme cleaning technology.\n“My team are loving the product – thank you and all the silver rails, interior of the lift etc were cleaned on Saturday using this product.”RobynVineyard Hotel, Cape Town\n“One of the best products I’ve used!! The smell is also sublime.”Bernievia Postwink’s Facebook page\nHow to order?\nWhy is it cool that the BACTERRORIST has Enzymes?\nIn short – because stains and dirt are made of different types of molecules, and enzymes are very efficient at breaking down the basic components of these stains and dirt. For example, the Enzyme called Proteases break down proteins (e.g. meat, egg, gravy, etc..). Amylases break down starches, Lipases break down fats and grease and Xylanase break down plant cell walls.\nWhat are Enzymes?\nEnzymes are long-chain proteins created by living cells and found in all living matter. When added to organic materials like dirt, grease, and oil, enzymes accelerate the natural biodegrading, and immediately go to work breaking down the organic materials within these substances. When activated, enzymes attack, eat, or digest the amino and fatty acids that bond organic materials together. They also emulsify these materials so they can be completely removed from the surface.\nWhy using enzymes is more Sustainable than using Chemicals?\nSmall amounts of enzymes can offset larger amounts of conventional chemical ingredients. In other words, you will need less when cleaning using an enzyme cleaner. In addition to high cleaning performance, consumers also benefit with more-compact products, and therefore reduced environmental impact. Besides being an effective cleaning agent, the BACTERRORIST is biodegradable which helps protect our environment as compared to using conventional chemically produced detergents.\nThrough many years of testing, it has been proven that enzymes have a very safe toxicological profile, lending to their sustainability profile. They have no reproductive nor developmental toxicity, and have a low toxicity to aquatic systems. That said, enzymes may have the potential to cause inhalation allergy to certain hypersensitive individuals. Hence, avoid excessive inhalation and/or use a protective mask.\nDilute or not to Dilute\nYour BACTERRORIST is a “ready-to-use” concentrated solution – which means that it is concentrated enough to allow for further dilution (1:1) to clean the home -from the floors to the sink. Yet, for tough cleaning – such as clogged drains and stubborn mildew in bathrooms – you should use it as is.\nWhenever diluting the BACTERRORIST, you can dilute in warm or cold water – but not hot water which could kill off the enzymes. Furthermore, once diluted, the resulting mix must be used in the same day.\nFurthermore, remember that the dirtier the area (or the worse the smell), the better it is to spray the BACTERRORIST onto the relevant surface – and to leave it to allow time for the enzymes to do their job. It is also not necessary to rinse it thereafter.\nDid you know you can use the BACTERRORIST for the following uses?\nThe BACTERRORIST can be used in almost anywhere in your home – it especially works great for cleaning drains, floors, bathrooms. It also removes foul odours and deters insects in your home.\nHere are some useful tips for using the BACTERRRORIST:\nPour undiluted solution into clogged drains. It is best to use the enzyme at night or over the weekends to give the enzyme several hours to do its job. Enzymes are not fast acting like acid-type products and they do require a few hours to work properly, but are much safer to use. Remember that strong chemical disinfectants can kill the living organisms of the enzymes – reducing the BACTERRORIST’s effectiveness.\nRestrooms / Toilets:\nWhen mopping, mix half of the BACTERRORIST with warm water (not hot water) and mop the floors. No need to rinse the floor, but let it air dry, allowing the enzymes time to react with the bacteria.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://cassieeverett.com/magnesium-magical-mineral/", "date": "2023-12-06T06:48:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206063543-20231206093543-00498.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9246591925621033, "token_count": 852, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__302805870", "lang": "en", "text": "Some of you may have heard me chat about the importance of magnesium. It’s so vital for the body and it’s been proven that most people are deficient which causes many health problems.\nHere are some symptoms that would suggest your body is magnesium deficient:\n- Muscle pain and spasms from feet cramps to chest pain (due to spasms in your heart muscle), and even restless leg syndrome\n- Headaches and migraines\n- Feeling constantly fatigued or weak\n- Depression, anxiety and edginess\n- Craving chocolate (cacao is high in magnesium)\n- Quick exhaustion during exercise\n- Insomnia and mid-night waking\nMagnesium is also such an important mineral for hormone balance. Magnesium does the following wonderful things:\n- It Improves the thyroid function\n- Supports bad oestrogen detoxification\n- Lowers blood sugar levels\n- Lowers stress hormone levels in the body\n- Supports testosterone production\n- Increases serotonin levels (the happy hormone)\n- Increases DHEA (a luxury hormone that can be converted into things like progesterone if needed).\nIf you’ve been into a health food shop lately you will see that there are SO many different types of magnesium.\nHow do you know which one is right for YOU?\nWell here is my guide:\nMy 1st choice: Magnesium Bisglycinate (also known as magnesium chelate, magnesium di-glycinate, magnesium glycinate) it’s a highly absorbable form of magnesium chelated to two molecules of the amino acid glycine. Take 300mg a day but I would double up to 600mg, or even 800mg per day if very stressed, or traveling (also a form of stress).\n“Chelated” forms of a mineral mean that an amino acid has been attached to them, making them a very stable form of magnesium that is less likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms and reduces the laxative effect. Yet, it helps with PMS, fibrocystic breasts, sleep, anxiety, cravings, pains and cramps.\nMagnesium Citrate is another chelated type of magnesium bound to citric acid. This form of magnesium is about 30% bioavailable, but it pulls water into the bowels giving it more of a laxative effect, which some may like if suffering from chronic constipation. If you feel depleted in magnesium (based on the symptoms) and struggle with chronic constipation, magnesium citrate is the one for you.\nMagnesium Malate is a type of magnesium bound to malic acid. For those having issues with energy production, a magnesium malate supplement may be effective for helping with chronic fatigue syndrome and/or fibromyalgia. No surprise, this form may be too stimulating for some and may disrupt sleep, especially when taken at night.\nMagnesium Threonate is a form of magnesium chelated to threonic acid, a metabolite of vitamin C. This form of magnesium in comparison to others was created to cross the blood-brain barrier – it may therefore improve learning and memory functions and maybe be especially beneficial for age-related cognitive decline. The suggested dose is 2,000 mg of magnesium threonate.\nMagnesium oxide contains a lot of magnesium by weight but has a bioavailability of only 4%. This form is found in many magnesium supplements and should be avoided. If you are taking a multi-vitamin check if it contains this form of magnesium. If it does I would switch to a better quality supplement. Anything from boots or Holland and Barrett is generally rubbish! Go to an independent health food shop for the best brands.\nMagnesium Chloride is a form of magnesium for topical use. The skin is a great way to increase magnesium levels and bypass using the gut – this is especially beneficial for people with IBS (or leaky gut) who suffer from malabsorption of nutrients. Many people report fantastic results using this form of magnesium; from pain reduction, feeling calmer and to deeper/longer sleep.\nAny questions then please do drop me an email: firstname.lastname@example.org", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.hims-biocat.eu/hims-publications/asymmetric-biocatalytic-amination-of-ketones-at-the-expense-of-ammonia-and-molecular-hydrogen/", "date": "2019-04-21T17:03:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578531994.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421160020-20190421182020-00416.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8137019276618958, "token_count": 190, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__101425129", "lang": "en", "text": "Asymmetric biocatalytic amination of ketones at the expense of ammonia and molecular hydrogen\nHolzer, A.K.; Hiebler, K.; Mutti, F.G.; Simon, R.C.; Lauterbach, L.; Lenz, O.; Kroutil, W.;\nOrg. Lett., 2015, 17, 2431-2433. DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01154\nA biocatalytic system is presented for the stereoselective amination of ketones at the expense of NH3 and molecular hydrogen. By using a NAD+-reducing hydrogenase, an alanine dehydrogenase, and a suitable ω-transaminase, the R- as well as the S-enantiomer of various amines could be prepared with up to >99% ee and 98% conversion.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://jobguide.thegoodguides.com.au/occupation/Chemist", "date": "2013-12-09T00:49:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163837672/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133037-00012-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8869142532348633, "token_count": 524, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__49372763", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemists study the physical and chemical properties of materials to determine their composition. They use this information to develop new materials and products, to devise more efficient processes for making materials and to increase scientific knowledge.\nChemists should not be confused with pharmacists (see separate entry for Pharmacist).\nChemists may perform the following tasks:\n- conduct experiments to identify chemical composition and study chemical changes that occur in natural substances and processed materials\n- undertake research and analysis to develop and test theories, techniques and processes\n- develop practical applications of experiments and research findings, including those combining new compounds for industrial, agricultural, veterinary and medical use\n- test products and materials and prepare specifications and standards to ensure compliance with government health laws and quality standards\n- undertake cost analysis, pricing and quality assurance exercises when developing new substances, processes and products\n- take part in the marketing and financial management of substances, processes or products developed\n- supervise and coordinate the work of technical support staff\n- conduct routine analyses in a process environment.\nAn analytical chemist carries out tests and analyses to determine the compositions of substances and to detect the presence of impurities, residues and trace elements.\nAn environmental chemist monitors waste products from all sources, determines ways to neutralise any negative effects pollutants might have on the environment and devises industrial processes that are environmentally friendly.\nA geochemist studies the chemistry of earth materials.\nAn industrial/production chemist designs, runs, troubleshoots and improves the processes of chemical and material production on an industrial scale.\nAn organic chemist studies the nature of organic compounds to develop new substances for use in the industrial, agricultural, veterinary and medical fields.\nA physical chemist studies macroscopic, atomic, subatomic and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts.\nA research chemist provides innovative solutions to chemical problems and may be involved in pure or applied research.\nChemists may work alone or as part of a team of professionals and technicians. They work in laboratories, in the field or in chemical processing plants, offices and educational institutions.\nDepending on the type of laboratory, chemists may have to handle dangerous or hazardous materials. Protective clothing and equipment are usually provided.\n- enjoy scientific activities, including laboratory work, fieldwork and research\n- able to think logically and creatively\n- aptitude for accurate work\n- patience, perseverance and an enquiring mind\n- able to work individually or as part of a team.\nEducation and Training, Employment Opportunities and Additional Information\nSelect the State/Territory you are interested in:", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://upscorecard.org/methodology/", "date": "2022-01-18T06:34:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300805.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118062411-20220118092411-00350.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9230249524116516, "token_count": 1377, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__187997580", "lang": "en", "text": "Methodology of the UP Scorecard\nThe UP Scorecard looks at six separate impact areas when assessing the human and environmental impacts of foodware and food packaging products. Learn more about each of these six areas below, and find more detailed information in the published methodology document.\nThe proliferation of plastic pollution has emerged as one of the greatest environmental threats of our time with troubling implications for food systems, fisheries, human health and the climate. By preventing unnecessary plastic use, we measurably reduce the cascade of ecological risks created when this material enters the environment. The UP Scorecard will show how foodware choices contribute to plastic pollution.\nIndicator: grams of plastic leakage to the environment\nThe Plastic Pollution metric estimates the amount of plastic that enters the environment, including plastic pollution to land and aquatic ecosystems. Leakage from the following five life cycle stages is estimated:\n- Loss during resin raw material manufacture, handling, and transport (e.g. as “nurdles”)\n- Loss in the supply chain during conversion from resin to containers\n- Loss as litter and plastic pollution during or after use of container\n- Handling and management after use, including sorting and reclamation\n- Loss during disposal\nThe UP Scorecard estimates plastic leakage rates at each stage and reports the aggregate contribution to plastic pollution in units of mass. Different plastic resins are assumed to leak at the same rate for a particular life cycle stage. As location-specific (e.g. state, county, or city) data representing litter and plastic pollution rates and waste management practices become more available, the estimates of plastic leakage can be updated to account for these data.\nChemicals of Concern\nThe presence of toxic chemicals in food packaging associated with harm to humans and the environment is well documented. Hundreds of different harmful substances can be present in the various types of materials used in food packaging and can leach out in different amounts and at different rates depending on many factors. The UP Scorecard helps to guide users in avoiding the most concerning substances in food packaging and moving towards healthier materials.\nIndicator: scale from 1 (worst) – 100 (best) based on chemicals of concern and material inertness\nThe Chemicals of Concern (CoC) metric is intended to encourage suppliers to better understand the chemical impact of their products and to empower purchasers to eliminate chemicals of high concern from their portfolios and ask for safer ingredients. To provide a starting point and pathway to safer foodware and packaging, a matrixed approach was developed that calculates two separate scores to:\n- Consider the avoidance of chemicals of concern based on a tiered list of chemicals and reward verification of claims and\n- Consider the inertness of the food contact material, as a proxy for the propensity for any present chemicals of concern to migrate from the product into food and the environment.\nThese two scores are then combined to calculate a total CoC score for each food contact material on the UP Scorecard’s results page. Where only limited or highly uncertain data were available to inform the score, this is visually communicated to the user on the scorecard’s results page.\nThe carbon footprint from plastic manufacturing is expected to become increasingly important as this sector expands. But replacement materials often have larger greenhouse emissions. The UP Scorecard enables carbon-conscious consumers and professionals with the information they need to make informed product choices.\nIndicator: grams CO2 equivalents (CO2e)\nThe Climate metric estimates the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the product and is assessed using IPCC 2013 radiative forcing factors, as implemented by the Ecoinvent Centre. The implementation includes 45 substances characterized in terms of their relative radiative forcing potential in comparison to carbon dioxide.\nNearly one in five major cities around the world faces a high to very high risk of drought. While many of us are increasingly focused on water conservation, it’s not obvious to all that washing reusable containers usually saves water compared to using single-use container options. The UP Scorecard will show you which container system uses the least amount of water, even compared with washing reusables.\nIndicator: liters of water consumed\nTo assess water use by the product system, the UP Scorecard follows the methodology of the Global Water Footprint Standard. It computes the “blue water footprint,” which reports consumptive use of surface and groundwater throughout the product supply chain, including actions that result in the transfer of water between reservoirs. The blue water footprint is reported as the total volume of water consumed; it does not account for regional differences in water scarcity. The blue water footprint does not include rain that falls on crops or forests.\nIncreasing the post-consumer recycled content in packaging materials avoids the need to extract virgin natural resources and also creates urgently needed market demand for recycling. For containers made from plant-based materials, the sustainability of the agricultural or forestry practices used to grow the plants have a huge impact on the overall sustainability of the container. The UP Scorecard combines these two critical issues into one Sustainable Sourcing metric.\nIndicator: scale from 1 (worst) – 5 (best)\nThe Sustainable Sourcing metric is a qualitative assessment based on the percentage of post-consumer recycled content in the container and, for containers made from plant fiber, if the fiber production has earned one of several specified sustainability certifications. Because of the concern about chemical contamination from recovered materials, the Sustainable Sourcing metric only rewards recycled content in metals (aluminum and steel), glass, and PET bottles.\nWaste is no longer a luxury we can afford on an ever-crowded, natural resource-constrained planet. We must retool our food system to reduce reliance on disposable and hard-to-recycle products and encourage packaging solutions with circularity in mind: Packaging that can be reused or truly recycled or composted to provide sustainable feedstock for future products or degrade safely into the natural environment. The UP Scorecard provides a recoverability ranking to demonstrate the circularity potential of each foodware product.\nIndicator: scale from 1 (worst) – 5 (best)\nThe Recoverability metric is a qualitative rating that represents the potential for the material to be recovered for commercial use (i.e. reused, recycled, or composted) or converted into a beneficial material by nature. It considers compostability, packaging design for recyclability, and material persistence. All materials are ranked in one of five performance tiers: reusable, recoverable in both commerce and nature, recoverable in commerce only, recoverable in nature only, or not recoverable. The tiers were developed by the UP Scorecard project team and informed by interviews with additional experts.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://evsmetal.com/2018/11/ferrous-vs-non-ferrous-metals.html", "date": "2024-04-15T21:48:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817033.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415205332-20240415235332-00065.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.938912034034729, "token_count": 786, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__10323297", "lang": "en", "text": "Article Revised August 23rd, 2022\nIf you remember your high school chemistry class, you may recall that the symbol for iron on the periodic table is Fe. This is an abbreviation of the Latin word for iron, Ferrum, and the word from which we ultimately get the term “ferrous.” When comparing ferrous and non-ferrous metals, the key difference is that ferrous metals contain iron. As a precision metal fabricator, EVS manufactures products using both ferrous and non-ferrous metals like stainless steel and aluminum.\nFerrous vs. Non-Ferrous Metals: A Brief History\nThe use of non-ferrous metals has a much longer recorded history than ferrous metals. Take copper, for example, which has been used since the dawn of civilization. Its widespread use began around 3500 B.C. and lasted between 500-800 years, depending on the geographic location, known as the Chalcolithic (from the Greek word for copper) period. The Copper Age marked the end of the Stone Age and served as the buffer between the longer and much more commonly written about Bronze Age (an alloy of copper and tin), which began around 3000 B.C and ended in 1200 B.C. with the advent of the Iron Age.\nTypes and Characteristics of Ferrous Metals\nThere are a number of different types of ferrous metals, such as wrought iron, carbon steel (also sometimes referred to as “structural steel”), cast iron, alloy steel, and stainless steel. Ferrous metals are popular for their incredible strength and durability, which makes them excellent for applications like skyscrapers, cars, railroad tracks, and shipping containers. Ferrous metals are generally but not always magnetic.\nThe drawback of most ferrous metals is that they are generally not appropriate for wet or very humid conditions, as they are vulnerable to rust and corrosion. There are two excellent exceptions to this, however. Wrought iron is so pure that it is able to resist rust without the addition of extra elements, while the use of chromium in stainless steel — one of the most common metals from which EVS fabricates — makes it extremely rust resistant as well.\nTypes and Characteristics of Non-Ferrous Metals\nAs the name states, non-ferrous metals do not contain iron (Ferrum), and are generally more corrosion resistant than ferrous metals. They are also non-magnetic. Examples of common non-ferrous metals include lead, brass, copper, zinc, tin, gold, silver, and aluminum/aluminum alloys.\nNon-ferrous metals tend to be softer, making them easier to mold, bend, and cut. While they can still rust or corrode, it’s much less common, and the process takes longer with these types of metals. They are excellent for outdoor use, such as outdoor traffic signs and roof gutters, and for applications where the look of the finished product is especially important, i.e., fine jewelry and musical instruments.\nSo which type of metal is better, ferrous or non-ferrous?\nFerrous metals and non-ferrous metals are both extremely important for metal fabricators. Their use depends not just on supply and overall availability but the intended use of the end product. Although ferrous metals like stainless steel tend to be less expensive than non-ferrous metals, the additional cost of a non-ferrous metal like aluminum is often more than justified, especially when corrosion resistance is a top priority. The verdict? Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals have their place in precision sheet metal fabrication.\nWant to learn more about EVS’s ferrous and non-ferrous metal fabrication capabilities? Get a fabrication quote online, or call us at 1-888-9EVSMET.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://nanosens.phys-iasi.ro/node/1", "date": "2024-04-20T22:09:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817688.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420214757-20240421004757-00859.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8977690935134888, "token_count": 1107, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__97174898", "lang": "en", "text": "Project duration: From 2013-06-01 to 2016-11-30 Total cost: EUR 2 713 017 EU contribution: EUR 2 422 076 NIRDTP is currently investigating materials for medical sensing applications, such as acoustic microsensors based on nano- and microwires and implantable magnetic microsensors based on nanostructured magnetic materials, e.g. nanocrystalline microwires. Furthermore, NIRDTP is actively involved in the development of methods for measurement, analysis and operation at the nanoscale to develop biosensors for the detection of biomolecules and for applications in nanomedicine.\n- Research Topic A: Microsensors for Medical Applications\n- NIRDTP’s research capacity building activities will focus on two sub-topics of microsensors for medical applications: acoustic microsensors based on nano- and microwires for medical applications (A1) and implantable magnetic microsensors based on nanostructured materials for medical applications (A2).\n- A1 Acoustic microsensors based on nano- and microwires for medical applications\n- This sub-topic is a complex, multidisciplinary subject situated at the interface between physics, materials science, electrochemistry, electronics and medicine, which aims to develop acoustic microsensors based on nano- and microwires for use in cochlear implants. The magnetostrictive nano- and microwires represent the active element of the microsensor, to be activated by acoustic signals. Certain frequencies of acoustic signal determine the resonance of the nano/microwires which, at its turns, determine the generation of a localized magnetic field which is subsequently transformed/transduced into an electrical signal by some magnetoresistive sensors. The electrical signal generated by the acoustic microsensors depends on the length, diameter, density per area unit and composition of the nano- or microwires. A single microsensor or an array of microsensors can be used to reproduce as much as possible the cilia from the inner ear.\n- A2 Implantable magnetic microsensors based on nanostructured materials for medical applications\n- NIRDTP is deeply involved in the development of innovative microsensor prototypes employing nanostructured magnetic microwires as sensitive elements for biology and medical applications. Their innovative character arises from both the solution offered – the materials and operating principles (giant magneto-impedance effect, smart antenna) – as well as from the envisaged medical applications of the microsensors, e.g. detection of extremely low biomagnetic signals with applications in magneto-cardiography, and the detection and remote monitoring of mechanical stress and temperature from implants and organs.\n- Research Topic B: Biosensors based on Nanoparticles and Barcode Nanowires\n- NIRDTP’s research capacity building activities will focus on two sub-topics of biosensors: sensors based on nanosized detection elements (nanoparticles) for applications in nanomedicine (B1) and biosensors based on multilayered nanowires (barcode nanowires) for the detection of biomolecules (B2).\n- B1 Sensors based on nanosized detection elements for applications in nanomedicine\nNanoparticles, having special particularities, present unique magnetic properties, which could be exploited for (bio)detection. The surface chemistry represents an important parameter for the control of the nanoparticles physical and chemical properties. Together with decreasing nanoparticle size, surface effects become very important thanks to the increase of the volume ratio of the surface atoms related to the entire particle. Understanding the magnetic behaviour versus surface chemical interactions is important for the development of biomedical techniques which use magnetic nanoparticles. The surface effects also have an impact onto developing the magnetic nanoparticles modified with a bio-ligand for biomedical applications. On the other hand, such small magnetic particles represents a big challenge for the sensing capacity because the magnetic moments of the particles are very low considering their limited volume, relatively large surface and significant thermal activation of their magnetic moments (the consequence is the superparamagnetic behaviour).\n- B2 Biosensors based on multilayered nanowires for the detection of biomolecules\nIn the last years, many efforts were made to implement or to enhance the biodetection methods based on metallic nanowires. A number of nanowires, e.g. Au, Ag or Pt non-magnetic nanowires are currently tested for target biomolecules detection, mainly DNA and antibodies. The principle of working is based on optical detection. Recently, the investigations shown that it is possible to detect simultaneously by optical methods more target biomolecules at once using multilayered nanowires. Each layer composing the multilayered nanowires will act differently, acting as a specific code and being “read” by a specific technique, identical with the “bar-code” systems used for commercial products identification. If a number of sequences used in the multilayered nanowires will be magnetic, then they can be detected easily in the presence of a magnetic field and used for separation. We will also develop the magnetophoresis method and use it for biomolecules detection.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.hotelsdirectbuy.com/importance-of-sulfate-and-paraben-free-hotel-amenities/", "date": "2023-09-22T09:31:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506339.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922070214-20230922100214-00241.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9532403945922852, "token_count": 709, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__296078724", "lang": "en", "text": "Importance of Sulfate- and Paraben-free Hotel Amenities\nIf you are a hotel owner, you can do anything to boost the reputation of your hotel and the best way to do it is to give the best to your clients. If the amenities you provide to your guests are the most helpful and pleasant for them, they will be certainly pleased and spread a word about your hotel. One such amenity you provide in your hotel is toiletry, cosmetics and beauty products, and it is very important that they should be natural, and free from sulfates and paraben, so that your guests will have a soothing, natural and delightful experience with them.\nWhat are Sulfates and Parabens?\nSulfates are a popular ingredient of several cleaning and cosmetic products, including conditioners and shampoos. A shampoo typically contains 15% of sulfate. SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) and SLES (sodium laureth sulfate) are the most commonly used sulfates.\nParabens are chemicals that are water soluble and serve as broad-spectrum anti-fungals and antimicrobials in a formulation’s water-continuous phase. They are the most used preservatives in cosmetic products. They are normally used as a combination of many or all of these parabens: ethyl-, methyl-, butyl- and/or propyl-paraben. Their job is to improve the efficiency of the preservatives in the product.\nParabens are roughly considered as cancerous, having been found in breast tumor samples; however, no direct connection of cancer to paraben has been found.\nTypically, a product consists of as little as 0.15 to 0.3 percent of paraben.\nHarmful Effects of Sulfates and Parabens\nSulfates like SLS and SLES are actually corrosive detergents and became popular because they produce heavy, thick lather. However, this very lather is harmful for your skin, hair and mouth because it strips away the valuable moisture and protective layers. It also makes cuticles of hair rough, making them look dry, dull and damaged. They are even connected to follicular damage and can possibly cause hair loss.\nSulfates are also used in toothpastes and they cause similar effects in mouth too stripping away the outer protective layer of skin cells and thereby irritating tissues. Sulfate-containing toothpastes are known to cause canker sores and other types of lesions.\nSoaps and skin cleansing products that contain sulfates strip away the protective lipids too that encase the skin. They also disturb the moisture balance of skin and dry it out. Moreover they can also produce toxic by-products.\nParabens have been found to interfere with the endocrine system, glandular activity and hormone production. Ironically, while many beauty products, such as moisturizers and lotions, contain parabens, research shows that they actually speed up skin’s aging process. Methyl parabens have been found to make the skin sensitive and prone to sun damage.\nSo, if you want to give the best to your guests, offer them sulfate- and paraben-free products like the Luxury Natural Hotel Amenities from DA Aromatherapy Collection. DA Aromatherapy Collection provides natural hotel amenities with organic essential oils made in Hudson Valley, New York.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://etxsprayfoaminsulation.com/brazos-county-tx-spray-foam-insulation.html", "date": "2024-02-22T13:07:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473819.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222125841-20240222155841-00040.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9451668858528137, "token_count": 959, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__184225371", "lang": "en", "text": "Spray Foam Insulation Brazos County, TX\nSpray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX is becoming a popular choice among both residential home owners as well as commercial industrialists because it has several advantages over traditional types of insulation. At East Texas Spray Foam Insulation, we specialize in spray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX utilizing only the best products and methods in the department of spray foam insulation.\nWhat is Spray Foam Insulation?\nSpray foam insulation is a newer, modern type of insulation that is being used in residential as well as commercial applications for the past 30 years. It is essentially a mixture of two compounds, polyol resin and isocyante, which reacts to form spray foam insulation. After it is sprayed, spray foam expands up to 30 to 60 times its total liquid volume. Spray foam is a type of insulation that is sprayed in place with the help of a gun. The two components come together at the tip of the gun.\nIt is great for using in areas where other types of insulation cannot reach. It has a high R-value and takes the shape of the space that it is sprayed into. Spray foam insulation has a wide application of uses.\nWe serve the following cities in Brazos County, Texas:\nSpray Foam Insulation Off-Gassing and Dust\nSpray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX takes between 24 and 72 hours to fully cure. During the installation process, spray foam gives off two toxic and poisonous matters; VOC’s and chemical dust. In order for the off-gassing to cease, the two components, that is polyol resin and isocyante must be mixed properly and under the right conditions. If the components are not properly mixed, and until the chemicals and not cured properly, the compounds in the spray foam will continue to off-gas. During the installation of spray foam insulation, the house or the building should be completely vacant.\nThe spray foam insulation contractors and their team too need to use specialized work-wear like full face and body coverings, with proper respiratory gear. Their outfit needs to be chemical resistant and they need to take full precautions when working with spray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX. If the basic guidelines are not followed properly, there can be very serious adverse effects. Curing takes time to complete and while curing is taking place; the area needs to be very well ventilated. Once the curing is complete, the spray foam will be non-reactive and inert, thus making it completely safe.\nHave questions about your specific project?\nCall us today to speak with our insulation contractors directly. We'll answer any questions you may have and get you a free, no-obligation estimate.\nHow Thick Does Spray Foam Insulation Need to be?\nThe thickness of spray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX is determined by many factors. Insulation is rated by its R-value, which means the ability of a material to resist the flow of heat. Cellulose, mineral wool and fiberglass have apparent R-values; however, the R-value of spray foam insulation depends on whether you are using open-cell spray foam or closed-cell spray foam insulation.\nThe R-value of open-cell foam insulation is about R-3.5 per inch; however, the R-value can differ based on the product itself. Open-cell spray foam is generally used in places that are hard to reach and in the interiors of pre-existing walls. The R-value of closed-cell spray foam insulation ranged from R-5 and can go as high as R-7. According to industry standards, insulation thickness should be according to:\nHow to Remove Spray Foam Insulation\nBecause spray foam insulation is so sticky, it will stick to a lot of other thinks in the vicinity like furniture, your clothing and walls. Some of the equipment that is required for removing spray foam is:\nSometimes this may damage the finish of the substrate and you will have to redo the finish. A rag moistened with acetone can be used to remove spray foam from the skin and clothing too. Always remember that water should never be used to remove spray foam insulation because it has a counter-effect and hardens the insulation instead of softening it.\nAdvantages of Spray Foam Insulation\nSpray foam insulation in Brazos County, TX has several advantages over other types of insulation such as:\nIf you are looking for a spray foam insulation contractor in Brazos County, TX, feel free to contact us today. We will be happy to assist you with finding the perfect insulation solution for your home or commercial building.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.zerohedge.com/category/tags/naked-capitalism", "date": "2016-12-06T16:12:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541910.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00029-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.969940185546875, "token_count": 146, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-50__0__157276632", "lang": "en", "text": "\"The combined levels of bullish optimism, lack of concern about a possible market correction (don't worry the Fed has the markets back), and rising levels of leverage in markets provide the 'ingredients' for a more severe market correction. However, it is important to understand that these ingredients by themselves are inert. It is because they are inert that they are quickly dismissed under the guise that 'this time is different.' Like a thermite reaction, when these relatively inert ingredients are ignited by a catalyst, they will burn extremely hot. Unfortunately, there is no way to know exactly what that catalyst will be or when it will occur. The problem for individuals is that they are trapped by the combustion an unable to extract themselves in time.\"", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://tingrilijust.firebaseapp.com/483.html", "date": "2022-11-28T08:55:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710488.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128070816-20221128100816-00604.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9210957884788513, "token_count": 3484, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__156152295", "lang": "en", "text": "Diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in wheat agriculture. Crops usually display no obvious symptoms of phosphorus deficiency other than a general stunting of the plant during early growth. It has a key position in the combustion processes of the cell, and in the total energy transfer of the plant. Nutrient deficiency symptoms of woody ornamental plants in. Expanding on nutrient management outline for greenhouse.\nUnder p deficiency, leaves are narrow, short, very erect, and develop if the variety has a tendency to produce anthocyanin. If you start to notice the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency with your marijuana plants, always act fast and you should recover within a week. Oxygen deficiency of root systems occurs frequently in nature kennedy et al. Leaves are often dark green and in the early stages abundant with foliage. Sodium deficiency does not appear to exhibit any symptoms since it is not an essential element. Pdf the diagnosis and correction of sulfur deficiency and the. Plant nutrient deficiency symptoms environmental science. The influence of phosphorus deficiency on growth and nitrogen. Under severe k deficiency, leaf tips are yellowish brown. Much of the information on this website describes diseases but this section is devoted to problems associated with either excess levels of nutrients in the soil which leads to toxicity, or a lack of nutrient within the soil which leads to deficiencies within plants.\nStems, petioles and lower leaf surfaces may turn purple. During phosphate pi deficiency, most plants including arabidopsis thaliana enhance the. Understand how to use a key for identifying deficiency symptoms. Symptoms of deficiencies and toxicities greentrees. Newly emerging leaves will not show the coloration. Reactive oxygen species in plant development the company of. May 16, 2014 phosphorus is a major plant nutrient, and is the p of npk and the roots of shootsrootsfruits. When p deficiency is severe, plants may not flower at all. Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in wheat are usually nonspecific and difficult to diagnose in the field. Diagnosing nutrient deficiencies and toxicities diagnose nutrient deficiencies.\nPhosphorus nutrient management mosaic crop nutrition. You still may have some time as phosphorus moves from the bottom of the plant to the top. During phosphate pi deficiency, most plants including arabidopsis thaliana enhance the development of lateral roots and root hairs, resulting. Phosphorus deficient potato plants are stunted, with dark green leaves. Its best to try and fix this soon, before it becomes a major problem. The biggest concentrations of phosphorus are also found in the selfdeveloping. Other effects of p deficiency include delayed maturity often by one week or more. Phosphorus plays a vital role in the plant for the transformation of energy within the plant body and it is very effective in early root growth and development chaudhary and singh 2018. Phosphorus is a vital nutrient required by cannabis plants that fulfills many important biological functions.\nHow do you control and treat phosphorus deficiency in tomatoes. There are numerous different signs of deficiency symptoms to look out for when it comes to this nutrient. Soil organisms use any nitrogen to break down carbon sources, making n unavailable to plants. Role of sodium and chloride in plant culture promix.\nDiagnosing phosphorus deficiency in wheat agriculture and food. Symptoms of phosphorus deficiency plants with phosphorus deficiency are most likely to exhibit the following traits. When p deficiency is very severe, grain formation may not occur, and it will have. Nutrient deficiency symptoms of woody ornamental plants in south florida 3 will be greatly reduced in such plants and a reduction in leaf size will also be observed. Identification of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Plants that have small root systems and significant above ground growth require plentiful amounts of phosphorus fertilizer. Bromley, mercer county horticulturist 10 of all of the symptoms and signs of trouble in plants, possibly the most overlooked are nutrient deficiencies. Mycorrhizas can increase the amount of phosphorus uptaken by plants. Boron deficiency affects vegetative and reproductive growth of plants, resulting in inhibition of cell expansion, death of meristem, and reduced fertility. It is necessary that any gardener see to it that the phosphorus level on the soil remains sufficient otherwise.\nCopper can influences growth, disease control and production in. Ideally, for healthy and productive soil you should aim for a phosphorus concentration of 20. All of the processes in the photosynthetic machinery influenced by p deficiency appear to be fully reversible and can be restored in less than 1 h after resupply of p to the leaf tissue. Sources, functions and deficiency symptoms of essential. Chloride deficiency can occur if there is consistently less than 2 ppm chloride in the growing medium and the symptoms appear as chlorotic blotches with necrotic spots located between the veins or on the margins of the younger leaves. Some strains of cannabis need more nitrogen than others, just the same and some are sensitive to nitrogen and need less. Before rock phosphate, ground bones mixed with dilute sulfuric acid provided plants with phosphorus. Pdf phosphorus p deficiency is a common nutritional factor limiting agricultural production around the globe. Ppi aps amimi ppi deficiency symptoms because p is needed in large quantities during the early stages of cell division, the initial overall symptom is slow, weak, and stunted growth. Aug 11, 2017 phosphorus deficiency in cannabis plants. The metabolic response of plants to oxygen deficiency. All plants require sufficient supplies of macronutrients for healthy growth, and nitrogen n is a nutrient that is commonly in limited supply.\nIn the field, roots can be subject to oxygen deficiency soon after strong rainfall, since the soil usually becomes flooded for a short or longer period depending. The most noticeable feature of phosphorus deficiency in wheat is reduced growth and vigour. Chlorosis will eventually spread throughout the plant. Plants grown for their seeds and fruits benefit from phosphorus, and the nutrient helps establish healthy root systems in young plants. Phosphorus is highly mobile in plant and essential for respiration and cell division. Phosphorous p fertilization is the major mineral nutrient yield determinant among legume crops. Caveats many nutrient deficiencies may look similar. Plant nutrient functions and deficiency and toxicity symptoms.\nPhosphorus is a mineral needed by your body for strong bones and teeth and other body processes. Nutrient deficiencies and application injuries in field crops john sawyer department of agronomy. Nutrient deficiency symptoms that occur in irregular patterns in a field are probably due to a soil condition. It readily mobilizes and translocates in the plant.\nExpanding on nutrient management for greenhouse crops neil mattson ph dneil mattson, ph. Diagnosis of nutritional disorders tnau agritech portal. Symptoms of deficiencies and toxicities by element. Guide to symptoms of plant nutrient deficiencies arizona.\nPhosphorus deficiency guide phosphorus plays an important role for all living organisms and is an essential nutrient element for plants and animals. Balamohan department of fruit crops, horticultural college and research institute tamil nadu agricultural university, coimbatore 641 003 nutritional disorders are basically physiological disorders in the plants that affect productivity as well as the quality of fruits. Nov 26, 2014 under p deficiency, leaves are narrow, short, very erect, and develop if the variety has a tendency to produce anthocyanin. A wide variety of problems can effect plant growth and health. Plants are most likely to suffer from phosphorus deficiency when they are grown in compacted, poorly aerated soil that is low in organic matter. Phosphorus deficient plants are smaller and grow more slowly than do plants with adequate.\nObjectives after reading this module, the reader should be able to. Plants are dark green with reddishpurplish leaf tips and margins on older leaves. Some soils are depleted of phosphorus and give rise to phosphorusdeficient produce. The influence of phosphorus deficiency on growth and. This reduces water quality and desirable fish and aquatic plants. P is relatively mobile in plants and can be transferred to sites of new growth. In severe cases the whole plant may take on a purple hue. Glutathione is the most important redox buffer in plants and. Key to nutrient deficiencies in corn and sorghum cropwatch.\nThis could be an issue with phosphorous deficiency going on within your marijuana plants. Phosphorus deficiency symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Because n is a part of the chlorophyll molecule, a major deficiency symptom is chlorosis. Symptoms of deficiencies and toxicities greentrees hydroponics. Phosphorus deficiency is the most important nutritional disorder of crop plants, especially in the highly weathered acidic soils of the tropics that contain large quantities of al and fe oxides fageria and baligar, 1996. In intact plants, the amount of watersoluble boron fluctuates with the amount of boron supplied, while insoluble boron does not. Although sorghum plants use n more efficiently than most c 3type crops and are more tolerant to drought and high temperature stresses compared to corn young and long, 2000, n deficiency suppressed plant growth and dm accumulation and allocation. Many micronutrients are used by plants to process other nutrients or work together with other nutrients, so a deficiency of one may look like another for instance, molybdenum is required by legumes to complete the nitrogen fixation process. Phosphorus is a structural component of the plasma membrane of the cell. Assistant professor, horticulture cornell university outline brief overview of essential nutrients calcium iron forms of nitrogen organic fertilizers element symbol ppm percent relative number of atoms nitrogen n 15,000 1. The highest shoot formation occurred in plants grown in solution and with. Use the following key to help identify seven nutrient disorders observed in nebraska corn and sorghum. Plants contain boron both in a watersoluble and insoluble form. Detecting phosphorus deficiency can take multiple forms.\nSlow growth and stunted plants lower protein, fewer leaves, and early maturity in corn yellowing begins at leaf tip and extends along midribs. Mild to moderate p deficiency is difficult to recognize in the field. If you suspect a nitrogen deficiency in the soil but are unsure how to correct it, you may be wondering why do plants need nitrogen anyway. Iron fe iron deficiency is common on trees and shrubs growing on alkaline or poorly drained soils. Nitrogen deficiency in plants can occur when organic matter with high carbon content, such as sawdust, is added to soil. The omission of nutrients both in simple and multiple forms affected plant development. Phosphorus p deficiency is usually visible on young corn plants. Identify and diagnose common plant nutrient deficiency and. The symptoms of phosphorus deficiency vary widely between species but most plants will show the following symptoms. The availability of phosphate is essential for young plants since approximately threequarters of the total amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plant occurs before it is a quarter of the way through its life cycle. Phosphorus deficiency an overview sciencedirect topics. Florida and north carolina produce the most rock phosphate in america.\nBy the time a visual deficiency is recognized, it may be too late to correct in annual. Induced phosphorus deficiency in seedlings can occur in very dry conditions, but is often transitory and plants recover when the topsoil rewets. Journal of plant nutrition phosphorus deficiency in. If plants fail to thrive, despite adequate soil preparation, watering and mulching, it may be a sign of a nutrient deficiency. Plants will exhibit lack of vigor as older leaves become yellow chlorotic from lack of chlorophyll. Identify and diagnose common plant nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms 2. Specifically, p deficiency is believed to affect co 2 assimilation by reducing the atpdependent regeneration of ribulose1,5. Zinc deficiency occurs when plant growth is limited because the plant cannot take up sufficient quantities of this essential micronutrient from its growing medium. Maize plants with severe zinc deficiency in the foreground, with healthier plants planted at the same time in the background. Identifying problems hallowrooted annual and perennial plants frequently have iron and zinc deficiencies caused by excessive phosphorus. Phosphorus is a fairly mobile element in plants so deficiency symptoms are more often seen on older leaves because the phosphorus from old leaves is more easily redirected to new leaves as theyre produced. Learn about the functions and sources of this major mineral, as well as what happens to your body. In some plants the leaf pigment change as a result of this process can turn leaves a dark purplish color. Plant nutrition is a difficult subject to understand completely, partially because of the variation between different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone.\nUnder k deficiency, darkgreen plants with yellowishbrown leaf margins or darkbrown necrotic spots first appear on the tips of older leaves. What are the symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in plants. Phosphorus deficiency in winter and early spring can be temporary, due to the decreased ability of plants to absorb phosphates in cold soil conditions. A preliminary detection method is a visual inspection of plants. Tomato roots growing in cold soil, either in the greenhouse or the field, take up phosphorus poorly.\nIt is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency around the world and causes large losses in crop production and crop quality. Also, acid loving plants grown in neutral to alkaline soils display symptoms of deficiencies. Spot nitrogen deficiency with marijuana and recover in a week. Phosphorus deficiency is most often manifested as purpling of the leaves, particularly the leaf veins. Phosphorus p is an essential macronutrient, and p deficiency limits plant productivity. Nutrient deficiencies and their symptoms in selected crops.\nReddyb a department of plant and soil sciences, mississippi state university, box 9555, mississippi state, ms 39762, usa. The aim here was to compare p uptake and translocation, biological nitrogen fixing ability and photosynthetic rate among mashbean vigna aconitifolia cv. Natural resources fact sheet plant nutrientsphosphorus. Greenyellow plants with dark yellow interveinal chlorosis advancing to rustbrown necrosis. Deficiency symptoms in plants types and its symptoms. Plant growth and physiological responses to nitrogen deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency alters nutrient accumulation patterns. Nutrient deficiencies and application injuries in field crops. Once the soil temperature warms, then tomato plants are able to absorb phosphorus and the problem fixes itself. Warm the soil with cloches and mulches, and also lime the soil which makes phosphorus more soluble and available to plants.\nElements present at low levels may cause deficiency symptoms, and toxicity is possible at levels that are too high. Boron deficiency is a common deficiency of the micronutrient boron in plants. S deficiency appears as yello wing of both upper and lower leaves. Phosphorus supports the transfer of energy in plants, which is a different role from other plant nutrients, such as nitrogen. It is important to know what a plant species looks like when it is healthy in order to recognize symptoms of distress, for example some plants were bred to have variegated patterns in the leaves when they are healthy.\nThe absence of any element necessary for the nourishment of that particular plant will lead to the morphological changes. Of course, if the deficient element is provided to the plant in good time, the symptoms of deficiency disappear. Fix the phosphorus deficiency in your marijuana plants. It is more likely to appear on young plants, especially on soils that are cold, wet, or too dry. We embody the universitys landgrant mission with a commitment to eliminate hunger, preserve our natural resources, improve quality of life, and empower the next generation through worldclass education. Darker green leaves and purplish or red pigment can indicate a deficiency in phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency is more difficult to diagnose than a deficiency of nitrogen or potassium. The interrelationship between a nutrients availability and soil ph, air and soil temperature, available moisture, excesses. P influences many aspects of photosynthesis pdeficient plants typically remain green and do not develop leaf chlorosis and yet p starvation immediately affects co 2 assimilation. Zn, cu, and calcium ca concentrations were significantly higher in pdeficient plants, while grain magnesium mg.\nOccasionally bronzecolored spots appear on the leaves. Eating a lot of foods lacking in nutrition junk foods can lead to phosphorus deficiency, as can inadequate phosphorus intake through food supplement intake. Many of the symptoms of nutrient deficiency are most easily detected without special equipment and without damaging or digging up a plant on the leaves of affected plants. Darker green leaves and purplish or red pigment can indicate a. Expanding on nutrient management outline for greenhouse crops. Understand how to use a key for identifying deficiency symptoms 4.665 1143 1249 99 714 570 822 89 1117 379 1011 944 563 1202 704 672 1304 1234 1033 756 312 1221 855 1304 1581 346 1566 833 966 389 1476 1270 873 1458 1458 1265", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://lyprinol.com/index.php/about-lyprinol/what-is-lyprinol", "date": "2020-04-10T05:21:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371886991.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410043735-20200410074235-00156.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9396147727966309, "token_count": 969, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__47558107", "lang": "en", "text": "A stabilised natural marine lipid extract comprising a rare combination of lipid groups and unique Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids known as PCSO-524™. Lyprinol® has been shown through clinical research to be an extremely potent anti-inflammatory.\nIndependent studies have shown Lyprinol® to be:\n- 100 times more potent than EPA Max\n- 125 times more potent than the original freeze dried mussel powder\n- 175 times more potent than evening primrose oil\nThe unique grouping of fatty acids in Lyprinol has evolved as the most potent group of Omega-3 lipids in blocking the 5 - lipoxygenase metabolic pathway responsible for inflammation in the body.\nInflammopharmacology, Vol. 0, No. 0, pp. 1-17 (1999):Over the counter (OTC) oral remedies for arthritis and rheumatism: how effective are they? M.W. Whitehouse.\nThis unique marine product has been exposed to critical review by many research institutions world wide and is proven to have significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in inhibiting leukotriene synthesis and in vivo by markedly reducing the severity of adjuvant-induced poly arthritis in rat models. Various publications have been released confirming these results all of which are available on request. Leukotrienes are formed in the body via the lipoxygenase pathway and are responsible for initiating and extending the inflammatory process. The work carried out in The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the University of Adelaide in Australia and the Charite University in Berlin, Germany has clearly demonstrated that the stabilised marine lipid Lyprinol® is a powerful modulator of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, thus its ability to markedly reduce the damaging effects of persistent inflammation that one may find in various allergic reactions including arthritis and other inflammatory disorders including inflammation of the respiratory airways. Since many of the currently used anti-inflammatory drugs, in particular the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), function via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway, much recent international research and effort has gone into the development of modulators of the second major pathway, the lipoxygenase pathway.\nThere is little doubt that Lyprinol® can provide a potent means of controlling and inhibiting the damage caused by the excesses of the body's inflammatory responses. In vivo studies undertaken at The University of Queensland in Australia tested the anti-arthritic properties of Lyprinol®. Using the standard model for evaluating the potency of anti-arthritic drugs, Lyprinol® was measured against its ability to reduce the swelling which occurs in adjuvant induced poly arthritis in rats. Published in the Journal \"Inflammopharmacology\". The results were dramatic, with Lyprinol® reducing joint swelling by 93% compared with untreated controls. Following these outstanding findings The University of Queensland scientists set out to compare Lyprinol® with two widely used anti-arthritic drugs, namely Indomethacin & Ibuprofen. When given orally at the same dose rate (5mg/kg body wt./day) Lyprinol® outperformed the drugs Indomethacin & Ibuprofen by a factor of 2:1. This was a staggeringly successful outcome for Lyprinol®. More recently a double blind clinical trial conducted at the Hong Kong Poly Tech University has shown that the patients taking Lyprinol had greater improvement in the perception of pain as measured by the VAS, and patients’ global assessment of arthritis in those who took Lyprinol® when compared with controls from week 4 following adjustment for the change in the amount of paracetamol used between study visits. Patients who took Lyprinol® but not placebo also had improved scores in the CAIMS2-SF physical function and psychological status domains from week 4*. The results from this paper have been published in the journal ‘PROGRESS IN NUTRITION VOL. 6, N. 1, 17-31, 2004’\nLyprinol has also been trialed for the use in mild to moderate asthmatics as an adjuvant treatment. In a study conducted at the Pavlov Medical University St Petersburg, Russia there was a significant decrease in daytime wheeze, the concentration of exhaled H2O2 and an increase in morning PEF in the lipid extract group compared to the placebo group. The results of this clinical trial were published in ‘The European Respiratory Journal 2002; 20: 596–600’.\nNote: Much more research has been conducted on Lyprinol over the past 25 years, all of which is available on request.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://drtemt.at/product/eye-care/", "date": "2023-12-05T22:56:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100568.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205204654-20231205234654-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8448416590690613, "token_count": 204, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__83782758", "lang": "en", "text": "- Improves skin elasticity and firmness\n- Reduces fine lines and wrinkles\n- Evens tone and reduces discoloration\n- Protects against further damage\n- Improves skin hydration\nThis luxurious eye cream dramatically reduces fine line and wrinkles, and is specially formulated for the delicate skin area around the eyes. The restructuring action of this formula encourages cell renewal and the skin regains its elasticity. Leaves the eye area intensively revitalized and smooth.\nBecause of its very rich texture this product can also be used as a mask treatment. Active Ingredients: REGU®-AGE, SYN®-COLL, SYN®-AKE, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate (Hyaluronic Acid), Vitamin F.A.C.E.-Complex, Ubiquinone (Coenzym Q 10), Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A Palmitat), Cera Alba (Beeswax), Lanolin, Squalane", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://customsnl-insight.nl/article/299152343", "date": "2021-11-27T21:21:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358233.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127193525-20211127223525-00575.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9229176044464111, "token_count": 170, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__71552090", "lang": "en", "text": "Sniffer dog Sasja has a good nose for tobacco and precursors – the raw products for synthetic drugs. The dog and its handler form an important link in the chain in the fight against smuggling in the Rotterdam seaport region.\n“Sasja is a smart and enthusiastic Dutch shepherd. She’s able to detect all sorts of smoking materials and the constituents of amphetamines and designer drugs in trailers and containers. People sometimes ask me whether animals that sniff these substances can get addicted to them, but that’s not true. I can’t tell you much about the nature and amount of the catches that Sasja and I have been involved in. What I can say is that I’m proud of our fantastic partnership and the results we get.”", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.istones.com.au/product-category/sealers/", "date": "2019-04-23T04:33:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578586680.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423035013-20190423061013-00265.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9293500185012817, "token_count": 272, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__58427639", "lang": "en", "text": "STAIN-PROOF Original™ is an impregnating, invisible and breathable sealer that provides premium long term protection for natural stone, tiles, pavers, concrete, brick and grout from water and oil based stains and damage caused by water and dissolved salts. Treated indoor and outdoor surfaces become easier to clean and keep looking good for longer.\nSTAIN-PROOF Original™ is suitable for a wide variety of indoor and outdoor applications in residential and commercial buildings, including: building facades, floors, walls, countertops, showers, swimming pool surrounds, patios, garages, kitchens and entertaining areas.\nSTAIN-PROOF Plus™ is an impregnating, invisible and breathable sealer that protects natural stone countertops from damage caused by water, salts and oil-based stains. Treated countertop surfaces become easier to clean, maintain, and keep looking good for longer. STAIN-PROOF Plus™ provides lasting protection for natural stone that comes with a 25 year warranty*.\n*A 15 YEAR And 25-YEAR PERFORMANCE WARRANTY is offered when product applied by an Accredited Applicator following our written instructions and surface is maintained regularly using our written maintenance system, as outlined in our warranty document. Spills should still be cleaned up immediately to minimise absorption.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wineandshop.com/the-science-behind-aging-wine-how-time-enhances-flavors-and-complexity/", "date": "2023-12-01T16:59:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100290.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201151933-20231201181933-00217.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9283989667892456, "token_count": 1408, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__165493302", "lang": "en", "text": "HomeNewsThe Science Behind Aging Wine: How Time Enhances Flavors and Complexity\nMay 9, 2023\nThe Science Behind Aging Wine: How Time Enhances Flavors and Complexity\nWine has long been revered for its ability to evolve and improve with age, unlocking new dimensions of flavor and complexity. The process of aging wine is a delicate art that combines chemistry, biology, and patience. Through the interplay of various factors, including time, oxygen, and chemical reactions, wines can undergo remarkable transformations, leading to a heightened sensory experience. In this article, we will delve into the science behind aging wine, exploring the intricate mechanisms that contribute to the development of rich flavors, aromas, and textures. Join us on a journey through the vineyards and cellars as we unravel the mysteries of time and its effects on wine.\nI. The Aging Process\nA. The Foundation of Aging: Wine aging is a process that occurs after the production and bottling of wine. It involves allowing the wine to mature under specific conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and light exposure. During this time, chemical reactions take place within the wine, leading to the development of complex flavors and textures.\nB. The Role of Oxygen: Oxygen plays a crucial role in the aging process. Controlled exposure to oxygen allows the wine to undergo oxidation, which softens harsh tannins, enhances aromatic compounds, and promotes the development of desirable characteristics. However, excessive oxygen exposure can lead to oxidation and spoilage, highlighting the importance of proper storage conditions.\nII. Chemical Reactions in Wine Aging\nA. Phenolic Compounds: Phenolic compounds, such as tannins and anthocyanins, are responsible for the color, structure, and mouthfeel of wine. Over time, these compounds undergo polymerization, resulting in the formation of larger and more complex molecules. This process contributes to the wine’s overall smoothness and aging potential.\nB. Esters and Aldehydes: Esters and aldehydes are volatile compounds responsible for the fruity and floral aromas in wine. During aging, these compounds undergo chemical reactions, leading to the formation of new and more complex aromas. These transformations add layers of complexity and nuance to the wine’s bouquet.\nC. Acid Hydrolysis: Acid hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that occurs between wine acids and water molecules. Over time, this reaction can reduce the wine’s acidity, resulting in a smoother and more balanced taste. The gradual breakdown of acidic compounds contributes to the overall harmony and integration of flavors.\nD. Reduction and Sulfur Compounds: In some cases, the aging process can lead to reduction, a chemical reaction that occurs when wine lacks oxygen exposure. Reduction can result in the formation of sulfur compounds, which may contribute to off-flavors and aromas, often described as “reductive” or “stinky.” However, controlled levels of reduction can add complexity and depth to certain wine styles.\nIII. Factors Affecting Wine Aging\nA. Grape Varieties: Different grape varieties possess varying levels of tannins, acidity, and sugar content, all of which influence their aging potential. Some grapes, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Nebbiolo, are known for their ability to age gracefully, developing intricate flavors and textures over time.\nB. Oak Aging: The use of oak barrels during the aging process can significantly impact the flavor profile of wine. Oak imparts flavors such as vanilla, spice, and toastiness through the extraction of compounds from the wood. Additionally, the micro-oxygenation that occurs when wine interacts with the oak barrel allows for controlled oxidation, enhancing the wine’s complexity.\nC. Storage Conditions: Proper storage conditions are crucial for successful wine aging. Temperature, humidity, and light exposure can all affect the chemical reactions taking place within the wine. Ideally, wines should be stored in a cool, dark environment with stable humidity levels to prevent premature aging or spoilage.\nD. Bottle Aging vs. Barrel Aging: While barrel aging is commonly associated with the aging process, wines can also age in the bottle. Barrel aging primarily contributes to the wine’s early development, while bottle aging allows for further evolution and integration of flavors over an extended period. Some wines are released only after undergoing significant bottle aging to ensure optimal enjoyment.\nE. Aging Potential: Not all wines are suitable for aging. Factors such as grape variety, winemaking techniques, and vintage variation play a crucial role in determining a wine’s aging potential. Wines with higher levels of tannins, acidity, and sugar have a greater capacity to age and evolve positively over time.\nIV. The Pleasure of Aged Wine\nA. Flavor Development: As wine ages, its flavors become more complex and nuanced. Primary fruit flavors may give way to secondary and tertiary flavors, including earthy notes, dried fruits, leather, and tobacco. These evolving flavors provide a unique and captivating experience for wine enthusiasts.\nB. Textural Changes: Aging can also lead to changes in the wine’s texture and mouthfeel. Tannins, which can initially be firm and astringent in young wines, gradually soften and integrate, resulting in a smoother and more velvety sensation on the palate. This evolution enhances the overall drinking experience.\nC. Aromatics and Bouquet: The aging process enriches the wine’s aromatic profile, creating a more complex bouquet. The initial fruity and floral aromas may evolve into a symphony of layered scents, including spice, tobacco, and hints of oak. These enticing aromas contribute to the sensory pleasure of aged wine.\nV. Enjoying Aged Wine\nA. Cellar Selection: Building a cellar and selecting wines for aging requires careful consideration. Collecting wines with good aging potential from reputable producers and storing them under optimal conditions will yield the best results. Consulting with knowledgeable sommeliers or wine experts can provide valuable guidance.\nB. Decanting and Serving: Aged wines often benefit from decanting, which allows them to breathe and open up, revealing their full potential. Additionally, serving aged wines at the appropriate temperature and using suitable glassware can enhance the overall tasting experience.\nThe science behind aging wine is a fascinating exploration of chemical reactions, oxygen exposure, and gradual transformations that result in the development of intricate flavors and textures. Understanding the factors influencing wine aging, such as grape varieties, oak aging, and storage conditions, allows wine enthusiasts to appreciate the true artistry and craftsmanship behind aged wines. So, next time you uncork a bottle of aged wine, savor the experience as you indulge in the culmination of time, patience, and the science that elevates wine to a whole new level.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://yvm2020.authorea.com/inst/20904?page=3&sortby=Most+Recent&tag_filter=Soil+Sciences", "date": "2024-04-13T12:35:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816734.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413114018-20240413144018-00219.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9220399260520935, "token_count": 387, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__191970151", "lang": "en", "text": "Eurasian permafrost soils contain large amounts of organic carbon (OC) and mercury (Hg), sequestered by vegetation during past and present interglacial periods. Lake sediment archives may help understand past OC and Hg dynamics and how they interact with climate-related variables. We investigated Hg accumulation, OC dynamics, and Hg and OC stable isotopes in a 14,000 year sediment record from lake Malaya Chabyda (Central Yakutia, Russia). Sediment Hg was correlated to OC (p value <0.01), with lower OC and Hg accumulation rates (OCAR, HgAR) during the cold Younger Dryas (YD, 12,900–11,700 cal BP), when the lake level was low. Elevated sediment Δ200Hg (0.05 ± 0.11‰), representing dominant HgII deposition, and low δ13C, indicates low lake primary productivity during the YD. During the early Holocene, Δ200Hg and Δ199Hg decreased, while δ13C, δ202Hg, OCAR, and HgAR increased, suggesting enhanced algal primary productivity, in deeper, more turbid waters. From 4,100 cal BP to present, Hg/OC ratios and HgAR increased at constant OCAR, indicating an additional Hg source to the lake. Analysis of Hg isotopes suggests enhanced direct Hg0 uptake into lake waters, driven by primary production and efficient Hg burial. Our observations suggest that the gradual climate warming since the Last Glacial Termination and into the late Holocene led to enhanced OC and Hg burial in northern lakes and watersheds. Early Holocene enhanced Hg burial, but not OC, is possibly related to a renewed increase in lake primary productivity. Continued global warming may lead to further Hg sequestration in northern aquatic ecosystems.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.salixtesneni.cz/en/e-shop/oil-seals", "date": "2022-08-13T02:57:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00184.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9133879542350769, "token_count": 493, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__14368541", "lang": "en", "text": "Oil sealsJump to products\nOil seal in standard design referring to DIN 3760 with an elastomer outer sheath covering a metal insert as well as a spring-energised sealing lip.\nFields of application\nAre touch seals designed to seal rotating machine parts. The degree of sealing ability depends on the operating conditions of the sealing component and the sealing life requirements.\nWiper seals maintain sealing contact to the piston rod when the equipment is stationary (static, no reciprocating motion of rod) and in use (dynamic, reciprocating rod), whereas the tolerance for the rod diameter d is determined by the rod seal. Without a wiper seal, the retracting piston rod could transport contaminants into the cylinder. The outside static sealing of the wiper seal within the housing is also important to avoid moisture or particles from entering around the outside of the wiper seal.\nNBR - Good chemical resistance to mineral oils and greases, hydraulic oils H, HL, HLP, non-inflammable hydraulic pressure fluids HFA, HFB, HFC to approx. +50°C and water to max. +80°C\nHNBR – HNBR is obtained by fully or partially hydrogenating NBR. It leads to considerable improvement in resistance to heat, ozone and ageing, and gives it very good mechanical properties, e.g. good resistance to wear. The media resistance compares to that of NBR. HNBR has a good resistance to some refrigerants. The temperature application range is from -30°C to +150°C.\nMVQ – Good resistance to water (up to 100 °C), aliphatic engine and transmission oils, animal and plant oils and fats. VMQ is generally not resistant to fuels, aromatic mineral oils, steam (short term up to 120 °C possible), silicone oils and greases, acids and alkaline compounds.\nFKM Viton – Good chemical resistance to mineral oils and greases, synthetic oils and greases, engine, transmission and ATF oils to approx. +150°C, fuels, non-flammable hydraulic pressure fluids HFD, aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, water to max. +80°C, excellent resistance to weathering, ozone and ageing, very low gas permeability (and therefore excellent for vacuum application) and resistance to a wide range of chemicals.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://arkgene.com/2017/10/19/primer-specificity-epcr/", "date": "2021-07-25T21:08:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151866.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725205752-20210725235752-00079.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8960983753204346, "token_count": 544, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__153182760", "lang": "en", "text": "October 19, 2017 | Use Case\nEnsure your primer specificity with ePCR\nPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), developed by Kary Mullis in 1983, is a molecular biology technique used to amplify and generate thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in vitro. It has many research and practical applications, such as gene cloning, medical diagnostics and forensic analysis.\nThe key determinant of PCR success is the PCR primer, a short DNA sequence (usually 18-22 base pairs) which recognises the complementary site and binds to gene of interest in template DNA, initiates the DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase using the basic building block dNTPs. A primer may binds to a few different locations in DNA or cDNA template with complementary sequences. When the nucleotide sequence located at the 3′-end of the primer has a few mismatches (1-3) with the DNA/cDNA template at non-targeted sites, PCR extension may occurs and resulting in non-specific PCR amplification. Hence, primer design has becoming the most crucial step in DNA amplification.\nElectronic PCR (ePCR), also known as in silico PCR, has been developed as a computational tool to calculate theoretical PCR amplification results using given sequence information on PCR primer and target DNA (e.g. specific gene in the genome or transcriptome). The outputs of ePCR help to predict the specificity of designed primer by providing a list of possible PCR products with their PCR product sizes, locations etc. It has been widely used to check the PCR specificity after the primer design, before the PCR sequences are sent to the service provider for oligonucleotide synthesis.\nArkgene integrated ePCR tool into its Microbes workbench, allowing users to check the primer specificity against their bacteria genomes or transcriptomes via an interactive graphical interface. This application requires an STS file containing the name of primer, forward and reverse sequences, PCR product size and name of the tool/algorithms, for example: “primer1 TTCACATGAGCCAGTCCACT AATGGAACGGTGACAAAGGG 50-3000 ePCR“. The users have to select the input (targeted sequences) file and output filename, as well as parameters such as number of gaps or INDEL (insertion or deletion of bases) allowed. The analysis results will be computed in a text file.\nTroubleshooting the root cause of PCR failure is a common problem for molecular biologist. With Arkgene, you can seamlessly check your primer specificity on the bacteria genomes uploaded in cloud, to ensure a successful PCR in your experiment.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://superqigong.com.my/2007/10/28/the-mystical-berries/", "date": "2023-12-05T15:40:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00199.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9509329199790955, "token_count": 2392, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__88881240", "lang": "en", "text": "FREE RADICALS & ANTIOXIDANTS\nTen years ago I imported the first urine test that measures excess free radicals in the urine, and I went around giving talks trying to educate the doctors and the public on the role of free radicals and antioxidants in ageing and the evolution of many diseases. However many doctors were skeptical and at one private hospital I was ridiculed for believing that free radicals are responsible for so much of the damage in the body.\nNow the scenario is different as that fact is well established and even the lay person knows about free radicals and antioxidants, thanks to the interest in health and the many articles available in various media and the internet.\nFree radicals are unstable molecules that require electrons to re-stabilize. They steal the electrons from other molecules, making the latter unstable, causing a chain-reaction. If this happens to the molecules which make up the wall, DNA or other components of the cell, then these structures become damaged. Accumulated free radical damage will lead to abnormal functioning, accelerated ageing, cancer or cell death.\nAntioxidants are molecules which readily provide electrons to free radicals, thus sparing precious cell components from damage. Although the antioxidants themselves become free radicals, these are weak or relatively harmless free radicals. The chain is broken when water- soluble antioxidants which have become free radicals are excreted by the body. Thus it is good that vitamin C, which is the most common antioxidant supplement consumed, is excreted through the urine ( about 50% of ingested vitamin C is removed every 3 hours ). That way the body can neutralize a lot of free radicals, provided fresh antioxidants are made available all the time.\nTHE ORAC SCORE\nThe measurement of an antioxidant’s power to neutralize free radical damage at the cellular level is known as the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity or ORAC score or value.\nA sample of antioxidant in the form of food, drink, fruit, nutritional supplement, vitamin, or chemical substance (for example, orange juice, carrot, or vitamin C) is put in a test tube to see how well and how long it takes to destroy or neutralize a known quantity of free radicals.\nThe nutrient tested is then given an ORAC SCORE that reflects the power and speed with which it does its job as an antioxidant.\nThe Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University USA has established that 5000 ORAC units per day can prevent certain age-related diseases.\nORAC scores are given in units per liter, so when you are comparing the scores between different foods or nutrients, it must be between the same volume ( or for simplicity, even weight or amount ) of the substances being compared.\nBelow are the ORAC scores of some berries, and grapes, spinach and carrot for comparison.\n|– Ningxia wolfberry\n– Red grapes\nTHE CAROTENOID SCORE\nOne method of measuring antioxidants directly in the body is by using the Biophotoscan to measure the body’s carotenoid score. This measures the amount of carotenoids present, but not the other antioxidants. Carotenoids are the yellow-orange-red antioxidant pigments that are present in carrots, papaya, tomato, watermelon and many other fruits and veggies.\nIf you take a well-balanced diet consisting of a wide variety of fruits and veggies ( or a broad-spectrum supplement ), the carotenoid score can be used to estimate the adequacy of other antioxidants as well.\nAlthough most antioxidants can be measured accurately through blood tests, this is not practical, and not even necessary.\nOXIDATIVE STRESS & OXYSCORE\nThe most important score to know is one that tells you how much excess free radicals you have. Although taking high ORAC antioxidants is good insurance, and having a high carotenoid score is comforting, you are really healthy only if the antioxidants are sufficient to combat the free radicals lurking in you. Your free radical load may even be much higher than your high antioxidant score!\nEveryday each cell is bombarded by over 10,000 free radicals. Our toxic environment adds so much more to that produced by our cell metabolism. Our immune cells produce free radicals and use them to fight bacteria. The free radical load in the body is so high that it is impossible for anyone not to have an excess of free radicals even after taking plenty of antioxidants. What separates the healthy from the unhealthy is how much excess free radicals.\nThe amount of excess free radicals can be accurately measured using the urine free radical test. The urine free radical score ( or Oxyscore ) is a reliable estimation of the excess free radicals that have damaged your cell walls.\nSPECIFICITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS\nWhile the ORAC score gives the free-radical scavenging power of the antioxidant nutrient when tested in the lab, it only indicates the potential when the nutrient is available at the proper site in the body. Different free radicals are neutralized by different antioxidants – and therefore the widest range of antioxidants must be present to protect the cells maximally.\nDifferent antioxidants also have varying activity outside and inside the cell, and in different cell types. For example, different berries are beneficial for different cells/organs. So always get your antioxidants from a variety of fruits and veggies, or supplements containing a variety of them.\nTHE MYSTICAL BERRIES\nNow let us discover the super foods with superb antioxidants – the mystical berries. Berries are the superstars of antioxidant-rich fruits. They contain special antioxidants called anthocyanins. They are also rich in vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals like ellagic acid, quercetin and catechins. Many studies have shown that berries have powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. Acai berry, wolfberry and blueberry consistently top the list of antioxidant-rich foods studied. For a long time it was thought that blueberries had the highest antioxidant content among them, as only the berries common in Western countries were studied. Acai berries of the Amazon were found to be twice stronger. Now it is known that Chinese Ningxia wolfberries are ten times stronger! When these berries are studied in greater detail, more magical benefits will unfold.\nBerries are a large family of mostly edible fruits. We are most familiar with blackberries, blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, elderberries, gooseberries, raspberries, strawberries and wolfberries, but there are many more ( alaska wildberries, aronia or chokeberries, lingonberries, boysenberries, to name a few ). Did you know that botanically, grapes and blackcurrants are also berries? No wonder they all look similar (except for the colour), and are equally nutritious. Grape seed and grape skin contain powerful antioxidants like anthocyanins and resveratrol.\nThe different berries not only vary in their colours and tastes, but also in the type of anthocyanins, and therefore in their health benefits. All berries have deep or dark colours, and it is well known that the phytochemicals which give these colours are potent health-enhancing nutrients as well. Berries have very high ORAC scores (see table above), and are qi-enhancing, especially when taken fresh.\nMany scientific studies have now validated what was expected from their known nutrient contents. A study by the founding president of the American Society of Holistic Medicine on a concoction of seven different berries ( including Acai and wolfberry ) blended with grapes, pomegranate and green tea showed that consuming it for 2-3 weeks reduced free radicals in the body by 43%.\nFrom known scientific data about free radicals, if that reduction is maintained long term, it is estimated that life span may be increased by 20 years!\nIn another study, the anti-cancer effects are so strong that rats injected with carcinogens and then fed a berry-rich diet had 80 per cent fewer cancers compared to those without berries in their diet (study done in Ohio State University, USA).\nAcai (pronounced ah-sigh-ee) berry is perhaps the crown jewel of the berries. I have mentioned it in a previous article (see www.superqigong.com/articles). It is consumed to improve circulation, increase energy and vitality, improve eyesight, and provide natural resistance to colds, flu, and disease. It is so vitalizing that it is called the “Fruit of Life”. Amazon legends accord it magical powers to enhance sexual desire.\nIt has ten times the antioxidant power of red grapes, thirty times that of red wine, and its seeds are also packed with antioxidants. It is rich in essential fatty acids, and has plenty of phytosterols which help to bring down bad cholesterol. It is also an excellent source of vitamins and fibre. Studies have shown it to be beneficial for the circulatory and digestive systems.\nIt is listed by the famous dermatologist Dr Nicholas Perricone as the top anti-aging superfood, and was even featured on the Oprah Winfrey Show.\nBilberries have been proven to be protective and reparative to the eyes, and are now standard recommendation for improving eyesight, and also preventing age-related eye diseases. Bilberries, blueberries and wolfberries can act synergistically to protect the eyes and many other organs, including the cardiovascular system.\nBlueberries have been used to improve mental functions. In fact, in animal studies, blueberry extracts have been shown to be able to make nerve cells grow and significantly improve learning, memory and coordination.\nCranberries have long been known to be especially beneficial for preventing and treating urinary infection. Nutrients from cranberries prevent bacteria from sticking to the wall of the urinary tract. Cranberry juice and even extracts ( in tablets or capsules ) have been prescribed by doctors and naturopaths alike for this purpose, especially for women, who are at least 10 times more prone to urinary infections compared to men, simply because of our different anatomies. During pregnancy, that risk increases another ten-fold.\nElderberries and all the other berries improve the immune and cardiovascular systems through their antioxidant power.\nRaspberries and strawberries were shown to be effective against many types of cancer, in studies done on rats and mice in The Medical University of South Carolina. Raspberries have also been shown to improve vision, memory and motor skills. These studies also showed that taking the individual phytochemicals (as supplements) was not as effective as taking the fruits themselves. Therefore, for supplementation, go for whole food extracts that retain all the nutrients.\nWolfberries were among the secrets behind the longevity of the Himalayan people, as well as the north-western Chinese. And the best wolfberries are those from Ningxia autonomous region of China. I discovered this through my Qigong sifu ( who is from Ningxia, China ) who shared with me (about 15 years ago) how wolfberries were used by his people to stay young and also fight tumours. I didn’t pay much attention then. Later, my interest in antioxidants and cancer led me to information which confirmed that Ningxia wolfberries have very potent anti-aging and anti-cancer nutrients. They help the function of many organs. They have an ORAC score of 25,000 which is over 10 times that of blueberries. Ningxia wolfberry is my “secret weapon” for health, aesthetics, anti-aging and preventing cancers.\nSeveral types of “berries”\n( References available on request )", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.giamed.ca/shop/mini-hand-sanitizer-gel-60-ml/", "date": "2021-07-25T16:33:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046151699.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210725143345-20210725173345-00138.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6691258549690247, "token_count": 152, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__105147506", "lang": "en", "text": "Ethyl Alcohol ………… 70 %\nLavandula angustifolia (Lavender) Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Radiata Leaf/Stem Essential Oil, Polysorbate 20, Carbomer, Water\nCautions and Warnings\n- Flammability warning. Keep away from open flame and sources of heat.\n- For external use only.\n- Supervise children when they use this product.\n- Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, call a poison control centre or get medical help right away.\n- Stop use and ask/ consult a health care practitioner if irritation develops.\n- When using this product avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fantasyliterature.com/reviews/superheavy-making-and-breaking-the-periodic-table/", "date": "2024-02-21T19:25:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473524.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221170215-20240221200215-00669.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.971936821937561, "token_count": 643, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__194823516", "lang": "en", "text": "Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table by Kit Chapman\nIn Superheavy: Making and Breaking the Periodic Table (2019), Kit Chapman goes on a scientific, chronological, and geographical tour of the mysterious upper reaches of the Periodic Table, taking his readers back in time to the beginning of nuclear physics/chemistry as well as from the United States to Russia to Germany and Japan and introducing his audience to the scientists who discovered (or not — there were more than few disputes) the “trans-uranium” elements beyond uranium’s atomic number 92. It’s both an engaging and informative read.\nAfter covering the early discoveries necessary for further exploration of superheavy elements (fission, fusion, the makeup of the atom, etc.), Chapman moves into the increasingly difficult job of discovering, or creating, the upper elements. Most of the early heavy lifting was done by the lab in Berkeley, which had formed the perfect mix of high level equipment and high quality scientists and engineers, led by Nobel winner Glen Seaborg, who was involved in discovering ten new elements and was the first living scientist (and one of only two) honored by having an element name after him.\nThose early elements were relatively easy to find — samples were large (in chemical terms), they stuck around for minutes, and detectors didn’t have to be all that sensitive. But as the explorers moved farther upward, all that changed. New technology had to be devised, samples were microscopic (to the nano degree) and they stuck around for seconds and then far, far less than a second. After Berkeley’s early success, other teams began to get into the game and even take the lead, particularly the Russians led for many years by Yuri Oganessian, the second person to have an element named after them. Teams in Sweden, Germany, and Japan also leapt into the race, and Chapman does a great job through interviews and research of conveying the competition, sometimes heated, sometimes petty, often tied to geopolitics (the Cold War) between the teams as he covers the push forward, innovations, embarrassments over mistaken claims, disputes over who was first (and the accompanying naming rights), and even outright fraud (once).\nThe interviews in particular are engaging, as are the many personal stories, such as the time one pair of scientists, raising the half-life clock on a sample, zoomed past a gate guard threatening to shoot if they didn’t stop. There are also several surprisingly moving moments, as Chapman never loses track of the personal in pursuit of the science. He also does an excellent job of highlighting the contributions of female scientists, such as Lise Meitner or Darleane Hoffman, who have too often been overlooked — passed over for a deserved Nobel Prize or, thanks to sexism, missing out on being credited for several element discoveries.\nSuperheavy is always informative, often entertaining, sometimes moving, and, as scientists edge nearer to discovering elements that due to their incredibly short existence serve no “useful” purpose, filled with the kind of wonder for wonder’s sake that is the best of science.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wftinc.com/laminated-sheet", "date": "2024-03-01T21:47:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475701.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301193300-20240301223300-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8857617378234863, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__208894687", "lang": "en", "text": "Laminated Sheet Products - WaveFront Technology Inc.\nLaminated Sheet: Banner Content\nLaminated Sheet: Rigid Lamination\nWhen the substrate thickness requirement for a given product reaches a thickness that cannot be made roll to roll, we offer lamination to rigid sheet. Microstructures are replicated to thin PET film substrates on our R2R machines. This film is then bonded to acrylic, polycarbonate, or other substrates. The bonding agent is a UV cured polymer and has no outgassing. Rigid product can be laser cut into various shapes and sizes all in-house.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.aplanteveryday.com/plant/how-do-i-make-my-soil-more-acidic-for-blueberries/", "date": "2023-09-26T22:56:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510225.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926211344-20230927001344-00576.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8891685009002686, "token_count": 2413, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__171867164", "lang": "en", "text": "To make your soil more acidic for blueberries, you can take several steps to lower the soil’s pH level. Blueberries prefer acidic soil with a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. Here are some methods to achieve the desired acidity:\n- Soil Testing: Start by testing your soil’s current pH level to determine how much adjustment is needed. Soil testing kits are available at garden centers or through agricultural extension offices. This will give you a baseline for making the necessary changes.\n- Add Sphagnum Peat Moss: Sphagnum peat moss is an excellent amendment for increasing soil acidity. Mix it into the top 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) of the soil. Peat moss not only lowers the pH but also improves soil structure and moisture retention.\n- Use Elemental Sulfur: Elemental sulfur is a natural and effective way to lower soil pH gradually. It converts to sulfuric acid through microbial action in the soil. Follow the application rates recommended based on your soil test results, as excessive use can harm plants.\n- Ammonium-Based Fertilizers: Fertilizers that contain ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate can help acidify the soil as the nitrogen in these compounds can contribute to lower pH levels. However, be cautious with over-fertilization, as it can lead to nutrient imbalances.\n- Pine Needle Mulch: Mulching with pine needles can help maintain soil acidity over time. As the needles break down, they release organic acids that aid in soil acidification.\n- Acidifying Agents: There are commercial acidifying agents available specifically for adjusting soil pH for acid-loving plants like blueberries. These products usually contain sulfur or other acidic components.\n- Rainwater Irrigation: If you collect rainwater, it tends to be naturally slightly acidic, and using it for irrigation can help maintain soil acidity.\nRemember that altering soil pH is not an immediate process. It may take several weeks or even months for the changes to take effect, especially in larger or more clay-heavy soil volumes. Monitor the soil pH periodically and adjust as needed to create the optimal growing conditions for your blueberries.\nWhat is a good soil acidifier for blueberries?\nA good soil acidifier for blueberries is elemental sulfur. Elemental sulfur is a natural and effective way to lower the pH of the soil, making it more acidic, which is ideal for blueberry plants that prefer a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. When added to the soil, elemental sulfur undergoes a chemical reaction with soil bacteria to produce sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH over time.\nHere are some key points to keep in mind when using elemental sulfur as a soil acidifier for blueberries:\n- Use Finely Ground Elemental Sulfur: The finer the sulfur particles, the faster it will react with the soil and lower the pH. Look for finely ground elemental sulfur for more immediate results.\n- Follow Soil Test Recommendations: Before applying any soil acidifier, it’s crucial to conduct a soil test to determine the current pH and the amount of sulfur needed for your specific soil conditions. Soil testing kits are available at garden centers or through agricultural extension offices.\n- Application Rate: The application rate of elemental sulfur will depend on the soil’s current pH and the desired pH for blueberries. The soil test results will guide you on how much sulfur to add. Typically, applications of 1 to 2 pounds of sulfur per 100 square feet are common, but this can vary.\n- Time and Patience: Lowering soil pH with elemental sulfur is not an instant process. It may take several weeks or even months for the full effect to be seen. Be patient and monitor the soil pH periodically.\n- Incorporate Sulfur into the Soil: Mix the elemental sulfur thoroughly into the top 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) of the soil to ensure even distribution.\n- Watering: After applying sulfur, water the soil well to help it dissolve and start the pH-lowering process.\nAlways follow the instructions on the product label and the soil test recommendations for the best results. Additionally, remember that soil pH is an ongoing aspect of gardening, and regular soil testing and maintenance may be necessary to ensure your blueberry plants continue to thrive in the acidic conditions they prefer.\nHow do you naturally acidify soil for blueberries?\nYou can naturally acidify the soil for blueberries using organic methods and materials. These methods may take some time to show results, but they are environmentally friendly and can create a suitable acidic environment for blueberry plants. Here are some natural ways to acidify soil for blueberries:\n- Sphagnum Peat Moss: Mix sphagnum peat moss into the top 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) of the soil. Peat moss is acidic and will help lower the pH over time. It also improves soil structure and moisture retention.\n- Pine Needle Mulch: Mulch around your blueberry plants with pine needles. As the pine needles decompose, they release organic acids into the soil, gradually making it more acidic.\n- Coffee Grounds: Coffee grounds are slightly acidic and can be added to the soil around blueberry plants. You can save coffee grounds from your daily coffee brewing and spread them as a mulch.\n- Oak Leaves: If you have oak trees nearby, collect fallen oak leaves and use them as mulch around your blueberries. Oak leaves naturally contain tannic acid, which can help acidify the soil.\n- Compost: Use compost made from acidic materials like fruit and vegetable scraps, pine needles, and oak leaves. The decomposition of these materials will contribute to lowering the soil pH.\n- Rainwater Irrigation: Use rainwater for watering your blueberries whenever possible. Rainwater tends to be naturally slightly acidic due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide.\n- Acidic Fertilizers: Choose organic fertilizers that are slightly acidic, such as those with ammonium sulfate or cottonseed meal. These can contribute to lowering the soil pH over time.\nRemember that natural methods of soil acidification may take some time to show significant results, especially in larger soil volumes or highly alkaline soils. Regular monitoring of the soil pH and continued use of these natural amendments will help maintain the desired acidic environment for your blueberry plants. Additionally, consider conducting a soil test to determine the current pH and to assess the effectiveness of the natural acidification methods you use. How to prepare blueberry soil? >>\nWhat is the best soil mix for blueberries?\nThe best soil mix for blueberries should be acidic, well-draining, and nutrient-rich. Blueberries thrive in a specific soil pH range of 4.5 to 5.5, so it’s essential to create an environment that meets their specific requirements. Here’s a recommended soil mix for blueberries:\n- Sphagnum Peat Moss: Sphagnum peat moss is the foundation of a good blueberry soil mix. It is highly acidic and helps lower the soil pH. It also improves soil structure and moisture retention. Aim to use about 50% to 70% peat moss in the mix.\n- Perlite or Vermiculite: Add perlite or vermiculite to the mix to improve drainage. Blueberries prefer moist, well-draining soil, and these materials will prevent waterlogged conditions that can be harmful to the plants. Use about 20% to 30% perlite or vermiculite in the mix.\n- Compost or Well-Rotted Pine Bark: Incorporate compost or well-rotted pine bark to provide essential nutrients to the plants. These organic materials contribute to the overall health of the blueberries. Aim for about 10% to 20% compost or pine bark in the mix.\n- Sand (Optional): If your peat moss is coarse, you can add a small amount of sand (about 5%) to help improve the soil structure and drainage further.\nHere’s a basic recipe for a blueberry soil mix:\n- 60% Sphagnum peat moss\n- 30% Perlite or vermiculite\n- 10% Compost or well-rotted pine bark\nMix the ingredients thoroughly to ensure even distribution and use this mix when planting or repotting blueberries. Adjust the quantities based on your soil test results and the specific needs of your blueberry plants.\nWhen growing blueberries in containers, use this soil mix to fill the pots or raised beds. If you’re planting blueberries directly in the ground, incorporate this mix into the planting hole and the surrounding area to create the ideal soil conditions for the plants.\nRegularly monitor the soil pH, and if needed, supplement with organic soil amendments or natural acidifiers to maintain the desired acidity for your blueberries’ optimal growth and fruit production.\nWhat is the best fertilizer for blueberries?\nThe best fertilizer for blueberries is one that provides essential nutrients while also helping to maintain the acidic soil conditions they prefer. Blueberries have specific nutrient requirements, and using the right fertilizer will promote healthy growth, strong root development, and abundant fruit production. Here are some key considerations when choosing the best fertilizer for blueberries:\n- Acidic Formulation: Blueberries thrive in acidic soil with a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. Therefore, it’s crucial to select a fertilizer specifically formulated for acid-loving plants or those labeled for use with blueberries. These fertilizers will help maintain the soil pH within the ideal range.\n- Low in Phosphorus: Blueberries have relatively low phosphorus requirements, so it’s best to choose a fertilizer with a low or balanced N-P-K (Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium) ratio. A fertilizer with a higher nitrogen (N) content and lower phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content is preferable. For example, a ratio like 10-5-5 or 12-4-8 is suitable.\n- Slow-Release Fertilizer: Consider using slow-release or controlled-release fertilizers. These types of fertilizers release nutrients gradually over time, providing a steady supply of essential elements to the blueberry plants. This approach is especially beneficial for container-grown blueberries.\n- Organic Fertilizers: Organic fertilizers can be an excellent choice for blueberries, as they contribute to soil health and microbial activity. Look for organic fertilizers that are specifically formulated for acid-loving plants or those containing ingredients like cottonseed meal, feather meal, or fish meal.\n- Avoid Lime-based Fertilizers: Lime raises soil pH and makes it less acidic, which is detrimental to blueberries. Ensure that the chosen fertilizer does not contain lime or any other alkaline materials.\n- Application Timing: Fertilize blueberries in early spring before new growth starts. Avoid fertilizing in late summer or fall, as it may interfere with the plant’s hardening process for winter.\nBefore applying any fertilizer, it’s essential to conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient levels and pH of the soil. This will help you choose the right fertilizer and apply it at the appropriate rates. Soil testing will also prevent over-fertilization, which can be harmful to the plants and the environment.\nOverall, a fertilizer specifically formulated for acid-loving plants or blueberries, with a low phosphorus content and a balanced N-P-K ratio, is the best choice to support the healthy growth and fruiting of your blueberry plants.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bluesupplycompany.com/product/detectable-tri-clamp-gaskets/", "date": "2023-06-05T14:46:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652116.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605121635-20230605151635-00265.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8865718245506287, "token_count": 223, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__241183743", "lang": "en", "text": "Metal Detectable Tri-Clamp Gaskets are designed to create strong, functioning joints in Food Manufacturing settings. Made from a durable EPDM rubber that includes a ferromagnetic additive and certain atomic elements that allows it to be detectable by both Metal Detection and X-Ray Visibility foreign body contaminant prevention systems. It's made from high-performance materials that are food grade, blue, and FDA approved. Seal fragments that are 5MM in size are capable of being detected (detection ability depends on system settings of course).\nDual Detectable by Metal Detection and X-Ray Visibility\nColored Blue for visual detection\nEPDM Material is resitant to hydraulic oils, steam, and acids\nHas Excellent resistance to weathering\nTemperature Range: -40°C to 140°C (-40°F to 284°F)\nFDA and EU Approved\nA special ferromagnetic additive is evenly dispersed within the material to make it detectable by properly functioning Metal Detection Systems\nSpecific atomic elements have been evenly distributed within the material to make it visible to X-Ray systems.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://sibbuy.com/en/beauty-and-health/face-body-hair/creams-and-masks/saniatem-gel", "date": "2022-10-07T01:59:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337906.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007014029-20221007044029-00174.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8635684251785278, "token_count": 516, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__141596706", "lang": "en", "text": "Indications for use:\nGel for external use in the form of a homogeneous soft mass of white or white with a tint from pink to light gray. It is intended for use as the main or additional means of prevention and control against:\n• blackheads, acne, pyoderma;\n• dermatosis, eczema;\n• herpes rashes;\n• wounds, cuts, scratches;\n• insect bites;\n• mycoses of skin, nails;\n• telangiectasia, hemorrhoids;\n• trophic ulcers, necrosis, bedsores.\nHypoallergenic. It has an analgesic effect: it reduces pain within a few minutes after application. *** Contraindications : individual intolerance to the components. If individual intolerance to the components is detected, immediately stop using it and choose another remedy with a similar spectrum of action. No age restrictions.\nHow to use: To achieve the desired result, SANITATEM gel is applied to the problem area after its preliminary cleansing. The procedure is repeated 1-5 times a day until the problem disappears completely. Composition : water solution of silver, CMC. Storage conditions : store in a dark place at room temperature. Shelf life 24 months. Color from transparent to light yellow. It is not a medicinal product.\nThe main active ingredient of SANITATEM gel is silver of the highest standard (without impurities) in the form of nanoparticles. This ensured the maximum effectiveness of the product in 4 directions at an absolutely safe concentration of the noble metal included in the composition.\n• Restoration of blood supply to problem areas. Activates the process of formation of new blood vessels and capillary network (angiogenesis).\n• Accelerated regeneration of damaged tissues. With simultaneous protection against the formation of voluminous scars and large-scale scars.\n• Suppression of vital activity of pathogens. Interferes with development of pathogenic microorganisms on the processed site.\n• Blocking of inflammatory processes. Stops the production of inflammatory mediators - prostaglandins, reduces pain.\nAccelerates the survival of transplanted skin, healing of surgical incisions. Reduces the depth of wrinkles (anti-aging effect). Stimulates recovery processes, improves metabolism.\nCaution : Exposure to direct sunlight on the silver-treated area may cause unwanted reactions. To prevent, cover the area with sunscreen applied.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://harpsicleharps.com/harp-accessories/harp-cleaning-kit", "date": "2019-09-20T03:59:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573827.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20190920030357-20190920052357-00210.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9477311372756958, "token_count": 476, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__38525129", "lang": "en", "text": "Harp Cleaning Kit\nHarp Cleaning Kit\nA clean harp is a happy harp! Our Harp Cleaning Kit includes a bottle of specialized cleaning spray and a micro fiber towel. Harpo \"No More Marks\" Cleaning Spray is the first cleaning product exclusively developed for and tested on harps. It gently cleans and removes oil and grime build-up and has a soothing lavender scent. Harpo Harp Cleaning Spray was developed by John Clarke, an industrial chemist with more than 45 years experience, for his wife, professional harpist, Carol Thompson.\nCleaning spray directions:\nFirst try the product on a small, inconspicuous area on your harp or other wooden instrument. (If you have a Rees Concert Line Harp or a Rees Harpsicle® brand Harp, we have already tested the spray on our finishes so you can just go ahead to the next step.) Spray onto the cloth provided. Do not spray directly onto the harp. Rub scratches using a gentle, circular motion. Do not scrub hard. After cleaning, apply a good quality furniture polish. We recommend Pledge Lemon Enhancing Polish.*\nHarpo Harp Cleaning Spray is biodegradable and non-toxic.\n*Our recommendation of Pledge Enhancing Polish is not random. A number of years ago Fine Woodworking magazine conducted a review of various furniture polishes and carnauba wax polish. They determined that if you have the time, carnauba wax is always the best but it is very difficult to apply. The surprise is that after carnauba and well above everything else on the list was Pledge Enhancing Polish (which, at that time, was called “Lemon Pledge with Real Wax”). Amazingly, Pledge actually does what the advertising says it does. It picks up dirt and oil and leaves behind a thin layer of wax which, unlike carnauba, does not cloud.\nFor harpers, the advantage of Pledge is that trying to get carnauba wax in between all the hardware on the arch and then to get it buffed is virtually impossible but doing the same with Pledge is vastly easier. As always with any cleaner or polish, apply Pledge to a cleaning cloth and then use the cloth to apply a thin layer of polish to your harp.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.ftmmachine.com/products/products_7_1.html", "date": "2024-04-21T02:59:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817699.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421005612-20240421035612-00753.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8808788061141968, "token_count": 597, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__171027181", "lang": "en", "text": "It can process non-flammable and non-explosive mineral materials with Moh's hardness below 9.3 and humidity below 7%, and the fineness of the finished products can be adjusted from 80 mesh to 1250 mesh.\nMaterials:iron ore, copper ore, limestone, nickel, manganese, calcium carbonate, gypsum, phosphates etc.\nGold ore processing plant is mainly composed of jaw crusher, ball mill, spiral classifier, Spiral chute, shaking table,etc.\nAccording to the physical or chemical characteristics of the material,we can choose magnetic, flotation or gravity separation.\nThe whole plant consists of jaw crusher, ball mill, spiral classifier, magnetic separator, high-efficiency concentrator, bucket mixer and drum dryer.\nThe flotation plant consists of jaw crusher, ball mill, spiral classifier, flotation cell, high-efficiency concentrator, bucket mixer and drum dryer and other major equipment.\nThe whole ore beneficiation line consists of jaw crusher, ball mill, spiral classifier, flotation cell, magnetic separator high-efficiency concentrator, bucket mixer, drum dryer, vibrating screen and vibrating feeder.\nStone crushing production line refers to a complete set of equipment used to produce stones with all kinds of particle sizes.\nThe whole plant consists of vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, sand maker, vibrating screen, sand washer belt conveyor, centralized control and other equipment.\nMilling process refers to the process that mainly uses grinding equipment to grind stone or other materials into the powdered materials that are suitable for use.\nThe whole active lime production plant consists of jaw crusher, ball mill, drum dryer, bucket elevator, dust collector, cooler preheater, rotary kiln.\nThe producing process of it :Raw material→Crushing and Pre-homogenizing→Preparing→Homogenizing→Preheating and Decomposing→Calcining→Grinding→Packa\nThe producing process of ceramsite production line: Raw material→Crushing→Mixing→Grinding→Pelleting →Calcining→Coolong→ Screening→Finished products→Package.\nDry mix mortar plant is mainly used in constructional engineering, which can evenly mix cement, sand, stone, limestone and other raw materials.\nThe ready mixed mortar refers to all kinds of mortar mixture produced by professional manufacturers in construction engineering, which is one kind of new building materials developed in recent years.\nDry mortar is a kind of mixed powdery materials, which has different composition according to actual situation. Generally speaking, composition of dry mortar includes quartz sand, cement, limestone, additive, etc.\nThe 500,000T/Y dry mix mortar plant is a kind of large mortar production line, which is also called ready-mixed mortar production line.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.zstitan.com/Is-the-ultrasonic-aroma-diffuser-easy-to-use-id47618187.html", "date": "2022-08-08T16:41:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00759.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8993420004844666, "token_count": 1183, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__2027343", "lang": "en", "text": "Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-03-06 Origin: Site\nAromatherapy is a kind of fashion, a kind of culture, and a way of spiritual sustenance for people who pursue high-quality life.\nHere is the content list:\nWhat is an ultrasonic aroma diffuser?\nWhat are the benefits of an ultrasonic aroma diffuser?\nAccording to the diffusion method, what types of aroma diffusers can be divided into?\nUltrasonic aroma diffuser uses the high-frequency vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration equipment to decompose water molecules and dissolved plant essential oils into the nano-scale cold mist with a diameter of 0.1-5 microns, which is dispersed in the surrounding air, making the air full of fragrance.\nAfter heating in winter, the indoor air is dry, and people will have dry lips, dry throat, dry mouth, cough, dry skin, nose bleeding, and other \"heat dryness\" symptoms. Ultrasonic aroma diffusers use various methods to atomize water and pure plant essential oils. Keep the room high humidity, and produce a certain amount of natural negative oxygen ions, purify the air, and achieve the effect of aromatherapy, which can assist in the treatment and alleviation of diseases such as influenza, hypertension, and bronchitis. The system and the body's metabolism play a protective role.\n1. Ultrasonic aroma diffuser decomposes water molecules into the nano-scale cold fog with a diameter of 0.1-5 microns through the high-frequency electronic vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration equipment;\n2. Ultrasonic aroma diffuser produces a large number of active oxygen negative ions, which strongly react with harmful gas molecules in the air, comprehensively remove them, and eliminate the hazards of formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, TVOC, etc.\n3. The effect of using ultrasonic aroma diffuser with lavender and tea tree essential oil is more significant-the cold mist generated by ultrasonic vibration can emit 100% and maintain the active ingredients of essential oils so that essential oils are more easily absorbed by the human body to achieve maximum effect; 2 seconds Inside, you can feel the original ecological aromatherapy effect. It is fundamentally different from traditional heating and combustion hot mist methods. Its cold mist technology does not damage any components of essential oils, does not produce secondary pollution, and is safer to use.\n4. Ultrasonic aroma diffuser is small in size, with a water volume of about 100ml. You only need to add 1-2 drops of essential oil in the water to achieve aromatherapy, which is in line with the use of essential oils, a precious product, and is economical. The humidifier has a large volume capacity, mostly around 1L.\n5. The material of ordinary humidifiers has insufficient corrosion resistance, and it is prone to quality problems when used for aromatherapy.\n1. Direct heating and evaporation aroma diffuser. This is a relatively primitive method, using an open flame or electric heating to heat, so that the essential oil molecules undergo violent movement, achieving the effect of diffused in a small area. Advantages: Simple operation and low price; Disadvantages: The spread of fragrance is unstable. The high temperature of open flame or electric heating will destroy the molecular activity in essential oils, causing them to lose the physiotherapy effect of essential oils. In addition, open flames or electric heating will also have higher safety risks. Products: There are two main types, one is a candle-type aroma diffuser, and the other is a plug-in aromatherapy lamp\n2. Naturally volatile aroma diffuser. . The most common natural volatile aromatherapy is rattan aromatherapy. One end of the rattan is inserted into the bottle to inhale essential oils, and the other end is naturally volatilized in the air. It is only suitable for use in small areas. Advantages: simple operation, relatively cheap cost, no safety hazards; disadvantages: can not adjust the fragrance concentration; rattans need to be replaced frequently, which will be accompanied by a certain amount of waste of essential oils. Products: rattan aromatherapy, diffuser, etc.\n3. Ultrasonic aroma diffuser. The common aroma diffusers on the market that need to add water and look like humidifiers use this technology. Its principle is to use ultrasonic high-frequency oscillation to disperse the molecular structure of essential oils through a ceramic atomizing sheet to produce a natural and elegant micro mist, which is quickly absorbed by the air. It can meet the needs of various areas by controlling the size of the fog. Advantages: quiet, fine mist, no heating required, effective protection of the activity of natural molecules of essential oils, good diffusion effect, controllable volatilization speed; disadvantages: only suitable for water-soluble essential oils; will produce a certain humidification effect, not suitable for the environment Places requiring high dryness. Products: All kinds of ultrasonic aroma diffusers.\nUltrasonic aroma diffuser is very convenient and simple to use. With a small bottle of essential oil, it can produce unparalleled effects. You no longer need to spend hundreds of thousands of money on fitness and health care like before. You only need a small aromatherapy machine to maintain your health. Guangdong Titan Smart Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. has developed a variety of ultrasonic aroma diffusers and conducted a lot of tests before leaving the factory to ensure quality. If you are in the black ultrasonic aroma diffuser business, you can consider using our cost-effective products.\nCopyright © 2021 Guangdong Titan Smart Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://stylestories.ebay.com/diy-rose-scented-bath-bombs/", "date": "2021-02-25T10:58:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350942.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225095141-20210225125141-00523.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8936753273010254, "token_count": 240, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__20519326", "lang": "en", "text": "This Valentine’s Day, I decided to make homemade gifts for all of my girlfriends. I know they love to take baths as a way to decompress and relieve stress, so DIY bath bombs were the first idea that came to mind. My friends will be able to pamper themselves with a spa night at home whenever they like!\n- 1 cup baking soda\n- ½ cup citric acid\n- ½ cup Epsom salts\n- ¾ tbsp. water\n- 12 drops of essential oil (my favorites are rose and lavender)\n- 1 tbsp. olive, almond, or coconut oil\n- Food coloring\n- Bath bomb mold\n1. Mix dry ingredients in a bowl with a whisk.\n2. Mix liquid ingredients in a separate bowl.\n3. Then, slowly stir mixed liquids into the dry ingredient bowl. Stir thoroughly with whisk.\n4. Fill 2 half molds with the mixture. Be sure to pack the mixture in really well.\n5. Press the half molds together firmly. Let sit for about minute inside the mold before removing. Let fully dry for 24 hours before use.\nFor more DIY gift ideas, click here.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://lib.icimod.org/record/31097", "date": "2017-04-28T21:44:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123097.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00574-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.916352391242981, "token_count": 317, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__300413787", "lang": "en", "text": "Despite the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCe) in some regions as a diesel fuel additive, the physicochemical properties of the resulting exhaust particles in the ambient atmosphere are not well known. The mixing state of ceria with other exhaust particles is one such physicochemical property that has been shown to potentially affect ecosystem/human health. In this study, cerium-containing particles associated with an nCe additive were collected in the laboratory and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK where the local bus fleet uses the Envirox nCe additive. Electron microscopy of laboratory-generated exhaust samples indicated both individual ceria and soot particles (external mixture) and ceria contained within soot agglomerations (internal mixture). Low ambient concentrations prevented quantification of the ceria particle mixing state in the atmosphere; therefore, a multicomponent sectional aerosol dynamic model was used to predict the size, chemical composition, and mixing state of ceria particles as a function of distance from an idealized roadway. Model simulations predicted that most ceria particles remain nonmixed in the ambient atmosphere (300 m downwind from the roadway) due to slow coagulation, with the mixing rate most sensitive to the ceria content of emitted nuclei-mode particles and the particle concentration upwind of the road. Although microscopy analysis showed both external and internal mixtures of ceria and soot in freshly emitted particles, the ambient mass concentration, and size distribution of ceria particles predicted by the model was insensitive to the emitted mixing state.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://lifeat43degreessouth.com.au/collections/frontpage/products/tea-tree-white-tasmanian-sand-and-goats-milk-online-only-offer", "date": "2020-10-25T19:36:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107889651.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20201025183844-20201025213844-00428.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.903492271900177, "token_count": 213, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__188225104", "lang": "en", "text": "Tea Tree Oil, farm foraged eucalyptus powder, Tasmanian white sand, patchouli & lavender essential oil and plenty of magic 🌟.\nAntiviral, antibacterial, soothing, gently exfoliating... and just magical.\nExtra virgin olive oil, castor oil*, rice bran oil, virgin coconut oil*, shea butter*, sodium hydroxide (lye), raw goat's milk, organic/ farm foraged eucalyptus powder, Tasmanian white sand, tea tree essential oil, essential oil, sodium lactate, white kaolin clay, green french clay.\nApprox net weight : 120 g\n*Please note that when soap is made by natural methods, you MUST use sodium hydroxide. There just isn't really any other way to make a soap. Once the bars have been made and has cured for 4-6 weeks, sodium hydroxide is no longer found in them, due to the saponification, reaction it made with the oils to create soap.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://thesmarttime.wordpress.com/2010/01/17/cotton-nylon-fabricyarn-dyeing/", "date": "2017-04-23T19:39:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118743.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00552-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8180286288261414, "token_count": 546, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__162886729", "lang": "en", "text": "Cotton-Nylon fabric/yarn dyeing\nCotton and Nylon blended fabrics may be dyed using the above process diagram. Machinery: (Cheese dyeing machine or Soft-flow machine)\n- Set the dye bath with1.5 to 2.5 gpl acetic acid at room temperature.\n- Add the total quantity of Glauber’s salt for reactive dyeing in two portions. This will function like a leveling agent for acid dyeing.\n- Add the dyestuff mixture of acid and reactive dyes in two portions.\n- Raise the temperature to 80°C @ 1°/minute.\n- Hold at 80°C for 30 to 45 minutes according to the recipe/depth of nylon dyes (acid dyes).\n- Then check the shade for nylon portion by carbonizing the cellulose in 70% Sulphuric acid.\n- If not ok, make required additions and continue dyeing otherwise reduce the temperature to 60°C @ 2°/minute.\n- At 60°C add alkali in two portions as mentioned above. Check pH. It should be 10.8 to 11.2.\n- Continue dyeing for 45 to 90 minutes according to depth.\n- Drop the bath.\n- Cold wash twice for 10 minutes each.\n- Neutralize with 1gpl of acetic acid at 40°C – Drain.\n- Hot wash at 70°C – 10 minutes.\n- I- Soaping with Sandopur RSK Liq – 2 gpl at 90°C\n- II – Soaping with Sandopur RSK Liq – 1 gpl at 90°C\n- Hot wash at 70°C\n- Cold wash – twice for 10 minutes each.\n- Acid wash with 1 gpl acetic acid at cold.\n- Unload or take it for finishing.\nFew suggestions for continuous dyeing are:\n- Continuous Dyeing of Nylon and cotton blends may be done using disperse and reactive dyes in the same way we do for polyester and cotton. Thermosolling may be done at 80 to 90°C instead of 135 to 150°C. A bottleneck with disperse dyeing is, you can produce only light and medium shades only. With disperse dyestuff you may not get proper yield and washing fastness.\n- With Clariant there is a dyestuff called ‘Forosols’ that can be used for dyeing both cotton and polyester for solid shades. You can make a lab trial in consultation with Clariant people and then finalize your process for continuous dyeing.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wastenotwantnotbridport.co.uk/product/fitpit-deodorant-orange-tea-tree-100ml/", "date": "2023-12-07T13:09:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100674.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207121942-20231207151942-00861.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7778028845787048, "token_count": 373, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__47147756", "lang": "en", "text": "Our multi-award-winning* Fit Pit natural deodorant, scented with invigorating tea tree and mandarin orange essential oils. With a low bicarb formula that is light and gentle, suitable for delicate skin.\n– All-day odour protection\n– 100% organic natural ingredients\n– Aluminium, paraben and BPA FREE\n– Plastic FREE\n– Cruelty FREE and vegan\nCream deodorant applied with fingertips, melts on contact with warm skin. No waiting to dry. No white stains. 100ml glass jar is reusable or recyclable and contains a 3-month supply.\nVegFest Awards 2018, Real Eco awards 2019, Plastic Free home awards 2020.\nHow it works\nBicarbonate of Soda subtly alters your skins natural pH which prevents smell causing bacteria from thriving. The Coconut oil and Shea Butter, moisturise your skin. Unlike some deodorants it doesn’t merely mask bad smell, it prevents it. And unlike antiperspirants it doesn’t block your sweat glands, which means your body can still remove toxins, making it even healthier for you.\nThe result is beautifully soft and healthy underarms with a delicious fresh scent.\n*Maranta arundinacea (Arrowroot) root powder, *Cocos nucifera (Coconut) oil, Sodium bicarbonate, *Butyrospermum parkii (Shea) butter, *Citrus nobilis (Mandarin orange) peel oil, *Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) leaf oil, *Cupressus sempervirens (Cypress) oil, **Limonene, **Linalol.\n*Organic ingredients. **Occurs naturally in essential oils.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.portal.environment.arizona.edu/node/753", "date": "2019-05-24T07:25:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257553.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190524064354-20190524090354-00149.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7972796559333801, "token_count": 1189, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__187116259", "lang": "en", "text": "Dr. Brusseau is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, and a member of several professional societies. Dr. Brusseau's research is focused on developing a fundamental understanding of the factors and processes influencing the transport and fate of contaminants in the subsurface. He is also interested in the development and evaluation of innovative subsurface characterization and remediation technologies, and the evaluation of risks posed to human health by contamination. His research integrates mechanistic, laboratory-based experimentation, site-specific field-based investigation, and the development and application of mathematical modeling. His research projects span and integrate multiple spatial scales, from the pore scale to the basin scale. Dr. Brusseau has extensive experience in research translation and technology transfer activities. He is the originator and Director of the Research Translation Core for the University of Arizona Superfund Research Program. He has served on the technical advisory board for the Arizona WQARF (state Superfund) program, and for several federal and state Superfund sites. He is a member of the Broadway/Pantano WQARF Community Advisor Board (CAB), and has participated in numerous CAB meetings for other sites. He has conducted several international webinars and has participated in local/regional conferences and workshops to relay research results to environmental regulators, consultants, and the general public.\nBrusseau, M.L., Carroll, K.C., Allen, T., Baker, J., DiGuiseppi, W., Hatton, J., Morrison, C., Russo, A., and Berkompas, J. 2011. The Impact of in-situ chemical oxidation on contaminant mass discharge: Linking source-zone and plume-scale characterizations of remediation performance. Environ. Sci. Technol., 45:5352-5358.\nBrusseau, M.L., Russo, A.E., and Schnaar, G. 2012. Nonideal transport of contaminants in heterogeneous porous media: 9- Impact of contact time on desorption and elution tailing. Chemosphere, 89: 287-292.\nBrusseau, M.L. and M. Narter. 2013. Assessing the Impact of Chlorinated-Solvent Sites on Metropolitan Groundwater Resources. Groundwater, 51(6): 828-832.\nMiao, Z., K.C. Carroll, and M.L. Brusseau. 2013. Characterization and Quantification of Groundwater Sulfate Sources at a Mining Site in an Arid Climate: The Monument Valley Site in Arizona U.S.A. J. Hydrology, 504: 207-215.\nBrusseau, M.L. and Zhilin Guo. 2014. Assessing contaminant-removal conditions and plume persistence through analysis of long-term pump-and-treat data. J. Contamin. Hydrol., 164: 16-24.\nMiao, Z., C. Carreón-Diazconti, K.C. Carroll, and Mark L. Brusseau. 2014. The impact of biostimulation on the fate of sulfate and associated sulfur dynamics in groundwater. J. Contamin. Hydrol., 164: 240–250.\nRamirez-Andreotta, M.D., Brusseau, M.L., Maier, R.M., Artiola, J., Gandolfi, A.J. 2014. Environmental research translation: enhancing interactions with communities at contaminated sites. Sci. Total Environ., 497/498: 651–664.\nBrusseau, M.L., El Ouni, A., Araujo, J.B., Zhong, H. 2015. Novel methods for measuring air-water interfacial area in unsaturated porous media. Chemosphere, 127: 208-213.\nMainhagu, J., Morrison, C., and Brusseau, M.L. 2015. Using vapor phase tomography to measure the spatial distribution of vapor concentrations and flux for vadose-zone VOC sources. J. Contam. Hydrol., 177/178: 54-63.\nBrusseau, M.L., Mainhagu, J., Morrison, C., Carroll, K.C. 2015. The vapor-phase multi-stage CMD test for characterizing contaminant mass discharge associated with volatile organic contaminant sources in the vadose zone: Application to three sites in different lifecycle stages of SVE operations. J. Contam. Hydrol., 179: 55-64.\nZhong, H., Brusseau, M.L., Wang, Y., Yan, N., Quig, L., Johnson, G.R. 2015. In-situ activation of persulfate by iron filings and degradation of 1,4-dioxane. Water Research, 83:104-111.\nYan, N. Liu, F., Xue, Q., Brusseau, M.L., Liu, Y., Wang, J. 2015. Degradation of trichloroethene by siderite-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide and persulfate: Investigation of reaction mechanisms and degradation products. Chem. Eng. J., 274: 61-68.\nMiao, Z., Gu, X., Lu, S., Brusseau, M.L., Zhang, X., Fu, X., Danish, M., Qiu, Z., Sui, Q. 2015. Enhancement effects of chelating agents on the degradation of tetrachloroethene in Fe(III) catalyzed percarbonate system. Chem. Eng. J., 281:286-294", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fenneclabs.net/index.php/2019/06/29/my-technique-for-pcb-etching/", "date": "2024-04-18T21:28:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817239.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418191007-20240418221007-00517.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9401569366455078, "token_count": 440, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__195425359", "lang": "en", "text": "This is a supplement to the blog post describing my PCB etching station. Here I explain my technique for etching boards for those who have not experienced with PCB etching.\nThe technique I use for PCB fabrication applies toner transfer alongside chemical etching. The first process relates to imprint of a protective mask onto the copper plating. The mask first printed on a thermal-transfer-paper with a toner printer (laser printer), and the paper is laid on the copper clad board and pressed with a hot iron. The paper is removed by soaking it together with the copper clad board in a water bath and peeling it while taking care not to peel the transferred toner as well.\nTo print the layout I use a high resolution 2400×600DPI Brother HL-L2310D, Though less accurate printers will do for less demanding layouts. The paper use is specialized for toner transfer, it is a paper laminated with a thin plastic layer which detaches when heated. The iron was set to the maximum possible temperature, measured to be ~150°C.\nTo clean the board I used steel wool together with acetone (ethanol is almost as effective), allowing the toner to adhere strongly. The steel wool removes the protective plastic layer the board is shipped with, or abrades the oxidized copper layer of an unprotected board. The acetone serves to remove oils and fats that may cover the board.\nOnce the toner mask is imprinted onto the board, I begin with the etching. This is where the PCB etching station I designed comes to play: a bath with an etching solution is heated to 50°C, the masked board is soaked in and left there until all of the copper is etched away, which typically takes 7-15 mins. The board is then extracted from the solution, rinsed in water to remove residual chemicals, and the toner is removed using acetone and toilet paper. That’s it! I have a PCB, all that is left is to drill the holes with a precision drill, such as a Dremel rotary tool.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://palmbeachnutra.com/products/total-detox-pack", "date": "2022-10-05T06:01:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337537.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20221005042446-20221005072446-00637.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6557433009147644, "token_count": 609, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__292487932", "lang": "en", "text": "AHA Cleanser: Wet face with warm water. Dispense AHA cleanser into your hand and massage onto your face in a circular motion, working into a lather. Use caution around eye area. Rinse thoroughly with warm water. Use morning and evening. Recommended for use on oily or problematic skin.\nDetoxifying Charcoal Peel-Off Mask: Apply a medium-to-thick layer on desired area, making sure to avoid eyebrows, hairline, eye area and lips. Leave for 20-30 minutes until fully dry and peel-off, gently peeling starting from the bottom.\nResveratrol Peptide Cream: Apply to clean skin morning and evening.\nAHA Cleanser: Purified Water (Aqua), Sodium Olivate, Glycolic Acid, Glycerin, Rosa Rubiginosa (Rose Hip) Seed Oil, Helianthus Annus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Chamomilla Recutita Flower Oil, Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Oil, Citrus Medica Limonum Fruit Oil, Calendula Officinalis Seed Oil, Chondrus Crispus (Seaweed) Extract, Eriobotrya Japonica Extract\nDetoxifying Charcoal Peel-Off Mask: Water (Aqua), Polyvinyl Alcohol, Alcohol Denat., Glycerin, Charcoal Powder, Peg-12 Dimethicone, Glycereth-26, Isododecane, Dimethicone Crosspolymer-3, Laureth-4, Ceteth-10, Niacinamide, Squalane, Marrubium Vulgare Meristem Cell Culture, Xanthan Gum, Xylitylglucoside, Anhydroxylitol, Xylitol, Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin\nResveratrol Peptide Cream: Water (Aqua), Simmondsia Chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Polyacrylamide, C13-14 Isoparaffin, Squalane, Laureth-7, Sodium Hyaluronate, Resveratrol, Glycerin, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Pentapeptide-18, Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate, Acetyl Octapeptide-3, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide -7, Prunus Armeniaca (Apricot) Kernel Oil, Butylene Glycol, Carbomer, Polysorbate 20, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Sorbate, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin\nNot tested on animals. Please recycle.\nDiscontinue use if redness or irritation occurs. Do not ingest.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://sites-top.ru/chemistry+help+carbon+14+dating/page-3488.html", "date": "2017-12-17T10:11:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948595342.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20171217093816-20171217115816-00242.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9179303646087646, "token_count": 515, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__181515604", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemistry help carbon 14 dating\nChemistry help carbon 14 dating - dating diego san service\nThey exist in equilibrium with the C14 concentration of the atmosphere, that is, the numbers of C14 atoms and non-radioactive carbon atoms stays approximately the same over time.As soon as a plant or animal dies, they cease the metabolic function of carbon uptake; there is no replenishment of radioactive carbon, only decay.\nToday, there are over 130 radiocarbon dating laboratories around the world producing radiocarbon assays for the scientific community.\nCarbon-14 has a relatively short half-life of 5,730 years, meaning that the fraction of carbon-14 in a sample is halved over the course of 5,730 years due to radioactive decay to nitrogen-14.\nThe carbon-14 isotope would vanish from Earth's atmosphere in less than a million years were it not for the constant influx of cosmic rays interacting with molecules of nitrogen (N) into organic compounds during photosynthesis, the resulting fraction of the isotope 14C in the plant tissue will match the fraction of the isotope in the atmosphere.\nAfter plants die or are consumed by other organisms, the incorporation of all carbon isotopes, including 14C, stops.\nThereafter, the concentration (fraction) of 14C declines at a fixed exponential rate due to the radioactive decay of 14C. ) Comparing the remaining 14C fraction of a sample to that expected from atmospheric 14C allows us to estimate the age of the sample.\nOne of the most frequent uses of radiocarbon dating is to estimate the age of organic remains from archaeological sites.\nThe technique of radiocarbon dating was developed by Willard Libby and his colleagues at the University of Chicago in 1949.The radiocarbon method is based on the rate of decay of the radioactive or unstable carbon isotope 14 (14C), which is formed in the upper atmosphere through the effect of cosmic ray neutrons upon nitrogen 14.The reaction is: (Where n is a neutron and p is a proton).Emilio Segrè asserted in his autobiography that Enrico Fermi suggested the concept to Libby at a seminar in Chicago that year.Libby estimated that the steady-state radioactivity concentration of exchangeable carbon-14 would be about 14 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram.The 14C formed is rapidly oxidised to 14CO2 and enters the earth's plant and animal lifeways through photosynthesis and the food chain.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.brauer.com.au/our-range/breastfeeding-support", "date": "2021-07-28T04:58:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153521.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728025548-20210728055548-00253.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8286577463150024, "token_count": 789, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__277599266", "lang": "en", "text": "Brauer Breastfeeding Support is designed to support the increased nutritional requirements of breastfeeding. Each tablet is formulated with a combination of 18 vitamins and minerals, including a bioavailable form of folate as well as active forms of vitamin B2, B6 and B2.\nAlways read the label. Follow the directions for use. This product contains selenium which is toxic in high doses. A daily dose of 150 micrograms for adults of selenium from dietary supplements should not be exceeded. Vitamins and minerals can only be of assistance if dietary intake is inadequate. Advise your doctor of any medicine you take during pregnancy, particularly in your first trimester. If you are concerned about the health of yourself or your baby, please consult your healthcare practitioner.\nStore below 25°C. Do not use if cap seal is broken.\nAdult women: Take two capsules once daily with food, or as directed by your healthcare professional.\nEach film-coated tablet contains:\nThiamine nitrate 864 micrograms (equiv. Thiamine (Vit B1) 700 micrograms), Riboflavin sodium phosphate 1.1mg (equiv. to Riboflavin (Vit B2) 800 micrograms), Nicotinamide 8.5mg, Calcium pantothenate 3.82mg (equiv. Pantothenic acid (Vit B5) 3.5mg), Pyridoxal 5-phosphate monohydrate 3.13mg (equiv. to Pyridoxine (Vit B6) 2mg), Levomefolate glucosamine 225 micrograms (equiv. to Levomefolic acid 125 micrograms), Biotin 17.5 micrograms, Ascorbic acid (Vit C) 30mg, Colecalciferol (Vit D 500IU) 12.5 micrograms, d-alpha-tocopheryl acid succinate (Vit E 6IU) 5mg, Mecobalamin (co-methylcobalamin) 10 micrograms, Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate 538mg (equiv. to Calcium 125mg, equiv. to Phosphorus 97mg), Magnesium citrate 387mg (equiv. Magnesium 62.5mg), Ferrous fumarate 14.41mg (equiv. Iron 4.5mg), Choline bitartrate 122mg (equiv. Choline 50mg), Zinc glycinate 17.73mg (equiv. Zinc 5mg) Potassium iodide 177 micrograms (equiv. Iodine 135 micrograms), Sodium selenite 60 micrograms (equiv. Selenium 27.5 micrograms), Tagetes erecta flower ext. dry conc. stand. 10.86mg (From minimum fresh flower 7.66g, Standardised to contain Lutein esters calculated as Lutein 5.43mg and Zeaxanthin 1.09mg.\nBreastfeeding can be a nutritionally demanding time and a busy mum's diet may not always be sufficient to maintain optimal nutrition and energy levels. Brauer's Breastfeeding Support is formulated to provide essential vitamins and nutrients during breastfeeding.\nAt Brauer, we are passionate about selecting the very best ingredients for new mums and their babies.\nIn our Breastfeeding Support, this includes:\n✔ Quatrefolic® (Levomefolate glucosamine) a bioavailable form of folate\n✔ Vitamins B2, B6, B9 & B12 in their more active forms\n✔ Clinically researched Lutemax® 2020 - supports healthy eye development\n✔ No galactagogue herbs which can change the taste of a mother's milk!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://buildingmaterials.com.my/materials/brick-tiles", "date": "2019-11-22T23:38:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496672170.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20191122222322-20191123011322-00230.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9441562294960022, "token_count": 701, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__28180260", "lang": "en", "text": "Brick Tiles - Introduction\nThe term ‘brick’ refer to a solid unit composed of clay, formed into a rectangular prism and fired in a kiln. Two basic categories of bricks are fired and non-fired bricks.\nThin-fired clay units, commonly known as brick tiles were first developed in the 1950s as a way to replace existing construction but have since gained increasing popularity in the present building industry because they have the aesthetics of traditional bricks masonry with the economic benefits that are realized in using thinner tiles.\nHow are Brick Tiles Produced\nNormally brick tiles are 50% - 60% by weight silica (sand), 20% - 30% by weight alumina (clay) and the remaining ingredients of lime, iron oxide and magnesia.\nTo manufacture the bricks, sand is added to raw clay to reduce shrinkage. The clay is first grounded and mixed with water to the desired consistency. The clay paste is then pressed into moulds with a hydraulic press or cut into desired thickness by a wall of wires .\nThe shaped tiles are then dried and fired at 900 to 1000 degrees centigrade to achieve strength , hardness and its final appearance. Although bricks come in many dimensions, brick tiles are generally only 11-13 mm in thickness.\nCharacteristics of Brick Tiles\nThe colours of a brick tile are influenced usually by the chemical and mineral contents of the raw materials, the firing temperature and the atmosphere in the kiln.\nBricks may be pink due to iron contents or yellow due to higher lime content. Most brick tiles will burn to various signature red hues as the temperature is increased.\nBrick tinting to change the colours to blend in with the surrounding masonry may be performed as also glaze may be applied to make the tiles more impervious or to give them an ornamental surface.\nThe correct brick tile for a job can be selected from a choice of colours, surface texture, weight, density, absorption structure ,thermal & moisture characteristic and fire resistance.\nAdvantages of Brick Tiles\nSome of the advantages of brick tiles when compared with other light-weighted cladding systems are as follows:\nLight weight - Imparts lesser load to a building, giving foundation and more support for the finished structure. Installation is faster and easier with less labour needed.\nEconomical – They have great potential for space saving since their thickness is 1/3 of other brick walls.\nSecurity - Brick’s superior chemical stability makes it flame retardant, smokeless, low-carbon, durable, weather and impact resistant such as abuse and vandalism .It is also acid proof and has anti bacterial qualities.\nComfort - Brick’s natural high thermal mass results in low temperature changes, making an enclosed area where it is used cool and well ventilated. It is both energy saving and environmentally friendly. It has excellent acoustic insulation, thus reducing noise.\nBrick tiles are particularly suitable for interior and exterior wall decoration of family home, luxury apartments, office buildings, shops, restaurants, hospitals and especially for high-rise building.\nThey are in fact Nature’s best material to protect humans against Nature’s worst elements: the sun, rain and wind, at the same time retaining Nature’s rustic beauty’\nModern day brick tiles are produced in many shapes and colors as seen below to offer more variety to architecture and interior designs.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.aimchemicals.com.au/d60-solvent/", "date": "2018-03-19T08:56:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257646636.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319081701-20180319101701-00445.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8486209511756897, "token_count": 271, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__100537463", "lang": "en", "text": "D60 solvent is produced from petroleum-based raw materials which are treated with hydrogen in the\npresence of a catalyst to produce a low odor, low aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.\nThe major components include normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins.\nCAS No.: 64742-47-8 Chemical Name: Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light\nCAS No.: 64742-48-9 Chemical Name: Hydrocarbons, C10-C13, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics\nExxsol D60 Fluid is a solvent used in industrial and professional applications such as manufacturing process\nsolvent, metal working, and coatings. It is not sold directly to the public for general consumer uses. This\nproduct may be an ingredient in consumer and commercial applications which may include:\nMetal working solvents, Architectural, construction and traffic marking coatings\n3. Physical / Chemical Properties\nD60 solvent is a combustible material and should be handled only with adequate ventilation and in\nareas without any ignition source present (e.g. no open flames, static electricity sources, or unprotected light\nThe flash point for this product is approximately 143ºF / 62ºC.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.oppein.com.my/naf-board/", "date": "2024-02-23T00:40:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473871.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222225655-20240223015655-00225.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9353126287460327, "token_count": 180, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__30956154", "lang": "en", "text": "OPPEIN formaldehyde-free added substrate material has been awarded NAF formaldehyde-free added exemption certification by California Air Resources Board (CARB).\nEarlier, OPPEIN has obtained NAF formaldehyde-free added exemption certification from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). OPPEIN formaldehyde-free added substrate material has become one of the few environmentally friendly substrate material in the custom home industry that has obtained dual certification.\nTested by domestic authoritative institutions, the formaldehyde emission of OPPEIN aldehydefreeadded substrate material is less than 0.005mg/m³, which is close to zero, with the leading edge.\nOPPEIN took the lead of the industry to comprehensively upgrade the environmental protection level of substrate material without aldehydes and reduced the terminal price. The era of the high environmental premium is gone.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://watercolourwonders.in/what-is-watercolor-made-of/", "date": "2024-02-26T22:05:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474663.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226194006-20240226224006-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9318929314613342, "token_count": 2861, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__70865609", "lang": "en", "text": "Watercolor painting is a captivating art form that has captured the hearts of both amateur and professional artists alike. Known for its delicate yet vibrant hues and unique blending capabilities, watercolor continues to grow in popularity.\nWatercolor paint is primarily composed of pigments, binders, and additives. Pigments provide color, binders (typically gum arabic) help the pigments adhere to the painting surface, and additives enhance the paint’s performance, such as improving flow, stability, or resistance to mold.\nIn this article, we aim to delve deeper into the world of watercolor by exploring its composition and manufacturing process. By understanding the ingredients and methods behind watercolor paints, you can further appreciate and elevate your own watercolor creations.\nWhat is Watercolor Made Of? – Key Ingredients\nWatercolor is a versatile and expressive medium, consisting primarily of three key components: pigments, binders, and additives.\nEach of these components plays a crucial role in creating the unique characteristics of watercolor paints, and understanding their functions can enhance your artistic endeavors.\nPigments are the heart of watercolor paints, providing the rich, vibrant colors that bring life to any artwork.\nDerived from natural sources, such as minerals or organic materials, or created synthetically in laboratories, pigments give watercolor its hue and tinting strength.\nSome common examples of pigments include ultramarine blue (derived from the mineral lapis lazuli), burnt sienna (from natural iron oxide), and quinacridone (a synthetic organic pigment).\nPigments can vary widely in terms of color, transparency, and lightfastness (resistance to fading when exposed to light).\nAs a result, artists often choose pigments based on their specific needs and desired effects.\nBinders are the second essential component of watercolor paints, responsible for holding the pigments together and allowing them to adhere to the painting surface.\nThe most common binder used in watercolor is gum arabic, a natural substance derived from the hardened sap of acacia trees.\nGum arabic is favored for its ability to create a transparent and water-soluble paint film that allows the pigments to shine through.\nWhen mixed with water, gum arabic dissolves easily, enabling the artist to achieve smooth, flowing washes of color.\nMoreover, gum arabic helps maintain the stability of the paint, preventing the pigments from separating or clumping together.\nAdditives, while not always present in watercolor paints, can be used to modify the paint’s properties and improve its performance.\nSome additives are included to enhance the flow of the paint, allowing it to spread more smoothly on the paper.\nThese additives, known as wetting agents or surfactants, can also help the pigments to disperse evenly, resulting in a more uniform application of color.\nAnother type of additive, called humectants, helps to keep the paint moist and workable, preventing it from drying out too quickly.\nThis is particularly useful when working with watercolors in pans or half-pans, as it allows the paint to remain usable for longer periods.\nOther additives, such as preservatives, may be added to prevent the growth of mold or bacteria, ensuring the longevity and quality of the paint.\nDifferences In Composition and Applications of Various Types of Watercolors\nThe world of watercolors is vast and diverse, with various types and formats catering to different artistic needs and preferences.\nEach type of watercolor has its unique properties and applications, offering a wide range of creative possibilities.\nI’ve written a whole article on What Is So Unique About Watercolors?. Do check it out!\na. Traditional or pan watercolors: These are the most common format, typically found in small, dry cakes housed in plastic or metal palettes. They have a high pigment concentration and are activated with water. Their portability and ease of use make them popular among artists of all levels.\nb. Tube watercolors: They come in soft, moist form, and have a buttery consistency. They contain a higher amount of binder and are often favored by professional artists for their intense colors and easy mixing. Tube watercolors are great for creating large washes and can be easily re-wet if they dry on the palette.\nc. Liquid watercolors: These are highly concentrated, fluid pigments that come in small bottles. They offer brilliant, transparent colors and can be easily diluted with water. Their fluid nature makes them perfect for calligraphy, illustration, and loose, expressive washes.\nI recently wrote an article on whether liquid watercolors are good or not. You’ll dive deep into the world of liquid watercolors!\nd. Watercolor pencils: They combine the precision of colored pencils with the versatility of watercolors. The water-soluble pigments are encased in a wooden barrel, and can be used dry or activated with water to create beautiful washes. They are ideal for detailed work and mixed media projects.\ne. Watercolor markers: They have a water-based ink that can be blended and diluted with water, just like traditional watercolors. They offer the convenience of a marker and are perfect for quick sketches, urban sketching, and illustration.\nf. Watercolor sheets: These are innovative, pre-saturated sheets of watercolor pigment that can be used by adding water. They are lightweight, portable, and perfect for artists on-the-go.\ng. Watercolor sticks: These are solid sticks of pigment that can be used both wet and dry. They offer the same high-quality pigments as traditional watercolors, with the added benefit of a more tactile, expressive application.\nh. Gouache: Gouache is an opaque watercolor medium, containing more pigment and a higher amount of binder. This results in a more matte, flat finish compared to the transparent, luminous quality of traditional watercolors. Gouache is popular for illustration and design work.\ni. Inktense pencils: These have a unique, ink-like formula that becomes permanent when dry. They offer vibrant, intense colors that can be used on various surfaces, including fabric, making them versatile and popular among mixed media artists.\nj. Water-soluble crayons: They have a soft, creamy texture and can be blended or diluted with water for a watercolor effect. They are perfect for expressive, mixed media work and can be used on a variety of surfaces.\nk. Water-soluble oil pastels: They offer the buttery feel of traditional oil pastels with the added benefit of water solubility. They can be blended with water for a smooth, painterly effect and are ideal for artists looking to combine the richness of oil pastels with the versatility of watercolors.\nl. Metallic watercolors: They contain special pigments that create a shimmering, reflective effect. They can be used to add a touch of sparkle to watercolor paintings and are popular for embellishing calligraphy, hand lettering, and illustration.\nThe Manufacturing Process of Watercolor Paints\nThe manufacturing process of watercolor paints involves a series of meticulous steps to ensure the production of high-quality, consistent, and vibrant colors.\nThis process can be divided into three main stages: pigment preparation, mixing and milling, and forming and packaging.\n1. Pigment preparation\nPigment preparation is the first step in creating watercolor paints. Pigments are carefully selected based on their color, transparency, and lightfastness properties.\nNatural pigments, derived from minerals or organic materials, are often ground into a fine powder. Synthetic pigments, created in laboratories, are also available in various hues and qualities.\nOnce the pigments are chosen, they must be processed to remove any impurities or unwanted substances.\nThis may involve washing, drying, and additional grinding to ensure a consistent, high-quality pigment powder.\n2. Mixing and milling\nThe next stage in the manufacturing process is mixing and milling.\nThe finely ground pigments are combined with binders, typically gum arabic, which help the pigments adhere to the painting surface and maintain their structure.\nAdditives, such as wetting agents, humectants, or preservatives, may also be incorporated to enhance the paint’s performance and stability. The ingredients are mixed together to form a thick paste.\nOnce the ingredients are combined, the mixture is milled to disperse the pigments evenly and create a smooth, homogeneous paint.\nMilling can be performed using traditional stone mills or modern steel roller mills.\nDuring this process, the pigment particles are broken down further, ensuring even distribution and improving the paint’s overall consistency.\nThe milling process may be repeated several times to achieve the desired level of dispersion and smoothness.\n3. Forming and packaging\nThe final stage in the production of watercolor paints is forming and packaging. The paint’s format—whether it be pan, tube, liquid, or another form—determines the specific procedures involved.\nFor pan watercolors, the milled paint is poured into individual pans or half-pans and allowed to air dry for several weeks. The drying process may be accelerated by using a low-temperature oven.\nOnce dry, the pans are inspected for quality, labeled, and packaged into sets or sold individually.\nFor tube watercolors, the milled paint is mixed with a small amount of humectant to maintain its moisture content.\nThe paint is then filled into collapsible metal or plastic tubes using specialized machinery. The tubes are sealed, labeled, and packaged for sale.\nLiquid watercolors are bottled directly after milling, with the consistency adjusted as needed. The bottles are then sealed, labeled, and packaged.\nOther formats, such as watercolor pencils, markers, or sticks, involve unique forming and packaging methods specific to their design.\nThe manufacturing process of watercolor paints requires careful attention to detail and stringent quality control measures to ensure a consistent, high-quality product.\nFrom pigment preparation to forming and packaging, each step contributes to the creation of vibrant, expressive watercolors that enable artists to bring their visions to life.\nPigments Used in Watercolor\nWatercolor paints owe their vibrant hues and diverse color palettes to the pigments used in their production. These pigments can be divided into two main categories: natural and synthetic.\nUnderstanding the origins, properties, and performance of these pigments can help artists make informed decisions when selecting their watercolor paints.\nNatural pigments have been used in artistic mediums for centuries, originating from various sources such as minerals, rocks, and plants.\nThese pigments often boast unique characteristics, making them highly sought after by artists. Some common natural pigments include:\n- Ultramarine blue: which is derived from the semi-precious mineral lapis lazuli. This pigment produces a rich, deep blue color that has been prized by artists since ancient times.\n- Burnt sienna: sourced from natural iron oxide, is a warm, reddish-brown pigment popular for its versatility in creating earthy tones and shadows.\n- Raw umber: also derived from iron oxide, is a dark brown pigment with a subtle green undertone, commonly used for landscape paintings and deepening other colors.\nWhile natural pigments have their appeal, many modern watercolor paints utilize synthetic pigments.\nDeveloped in laboratories, synthetic pigments offer a broader range of colors, improved consistency, and often better lightfastness.\nThese pigments are designed to mimic the properties of natural pigments or create entirely new hues. Examples of synthetic pigments include:\n- Quinacridone: a family of organic pigments known for their bright, transparent colors and excellent lightfastness. They are available in a range of shades, from magenta to gold.\n- Phthalocyanine: a group of synthetic pigments that produce intense, transparent blues and greens. These pigments are valued for their high tinting strength and lightfastness.\n- Hansa yellow: a synthetic organic pigment that offers a range of lightfast, semi-transparent yellows, from lemon to deep gold.\nLightfastness and permanence are crucial factors to consider when choosing pigments for watercolor painting. Lightfastness refers to a pigment’s ability to resist fading or discoloration when exposed to light.\nPermanence, on the other hand, describes a pigment’s overall durability, including its resistance to fading, darkening, or other alterations over time.\nArtists often prioritize pigments with high lightfastness and permanence ratings to ensure the longevity and vibrancy of their artwork.\nMany watercolor manufacturers use rating systems, such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) scale or the Blue Wool scale, to communicate the lightfastness and permanence of their pigments.\nThese ratings help artists make informed choices when selecting paints that will best suit their needs and preferences.\nWe delved into the composition of watercolor paints, exploring the roles of pigments, binders, and additives.\nWe also discussed the various types of watercolors, including traditional, tube, and unique formats, highlighting their unique properties and applications.\nFurthermore, we examined the manufacturing process, the importance of pigment selection, and the significance of lightfastness and permanence.\nThe world of watercolor painting is vast and diverse, offering endless creative possibilities.\nWe encourage you to experiment with different types of watercolors and pigments, expanding your artistic horizons and discovering new ways to express yourself through this captivating medium.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.glamupnails.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=20_119&products_id=483", "date": "2019-12-07T06:53:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540496492.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20191207055244-20191207083244-00149.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9069303274154663, "token_count": 241, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__170250739", "lang": "en", "text": "Tuff Enuff Nails Linkage Protein Bonder Linkage is a protein bonder designed with an incredible ability to link to the keratin (protein & amino acids) found in the natural nail plate. Linkage creates a bonding to the natural nail by means of “Uni-layer Molecular Coupling”, which in simple terms means a molecule that joins two things. The Linkage molecules bond to the organic Keratin molecules in the natural nail plate, putting a protective layer over the entire natural nail allowing the nails to grow out naturally and healthy. The other side of the molecule is bonding to the component, gel/acrylic. With Linkage lifting is virtually eliminated.It contains absolutely no acid or damaging chemicals, and actually improves the health of the nail. You will be amazed at the perfect bond, and how it virtually eliminates lifting when the nails are properly prepped Make sure to always store Linkage properly as it will harden if left open! Spare bottles should be stored in the fridge. The lid must be kept tightly on when not in use. Also, try not to get it on the threads of the bottle or the cap will be extremely hard to remove.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://tralen.es/en/content/11-tantalum-applications", "date": "2023-11-29T14:29:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100112.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129141108-20231129171108-00284.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7794914841651917, "token_count": 535, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__122725425", "lang": "en", "text": "TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES AND BENEFITS\n1. Tantalum carbide\nCutting tools for industry and medicine.\n2. Lithium tantalate.\nSurface acoustic wave (SAW), filters in mobile phones, high-fidelity sound equipment and televisions.\nClearer audio electronic wave signal and sharper video output.\n3. Tantalum oxide\nDigital cameras and mobile phones.\nHigh level of refraction.\nThey can be thinner and smaller.\nX-ray exposure is reduced and image quality is improved.\n4. Tantalum powder: Tantalum capacitors for electronic circuits\nMedical devices: hearing aids and pacemakers.\nAutomotive components: ABS, airbag, engine management, GPS.\nElectronic devices: Computers, mobile phones, video cameras.\nOther equipment: DVD, flat screen televisions, video game consoles, battery chargers, electric rectifiers, telephone antennas, oil well probes.\nThe capacitors have characteristics of high reliability and low failure rate, can withstand temperature ranges between 55 to + 200 ° C, are highly resistant to strong vibrations, small in size and with great electrical storage capacity.\n5. Tantalum in sheets, ingots and tantalum plates\nChemical process equipment: lining, tanks, valves.\nGlass-like performance corrosion resistance.\nCathodic protection systems for steel structures in bridges, water tanks etc.\nCorrosion resistant fasteners: screws, nuts, bolts.\nRows in synthetic textile manufacturing.\n6. Tantalum in sheets, plates, bars, wire cable\nHuman prosthetics: Hip joints, plates, skull, mesh to repair bone removed after cancer damage, suture clips, blood vessel stents.\nAttack by body fluids is non-existent.\nHigh temperature furnace linings.\nMelting point is 2996 ° C, in a protective atmosphere or high vacuum.\n7. Tantalum in ingots\nWhites of Spray.\nApplications of thin tantalum coatings, tantalum oxide, or semiconductor nitride coatings to prevent copper migration.\nHigh temperature alloys for air and ground based turbines, disk motors, blades and vanes.\nAlloy compositions containing 311% resistance to tantalum supply to corrosion by hot gases, allow for higher operating temperatures and therefore fuel economy and efficiency.\nComputer hard drives or portable drives.\nAn alloy containing 6% tantalum has memory properties.\nExplosive shell formation for TOW 2 missiles.\nBalance of density and conformability that allows a lighter and more efficient system.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://whatyouneedforbeauty.com/are-expensive-skincare-products-better/", "date": "2021-06-19T20:55:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487649731.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619203250-20210619233250-00258.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9482541680335999, "token_count": 1589, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__150349098", "lang": "en", "text": "Have you ever wondered whether there is a difference between a high-end facial cream for $300 and a drugstore product for $30? Are expensive skincare products better and does it pay off to buy them?\nI have done some research in this topic and I hope I can provide you with the answer to that question.\nAre Expensive Skincare Products Better?\nSome of the most expensive skincare products do contain really special ingredients like caviar but most of the ingredients that have anti-aging effects are same in both the cheap and the expensive products. Retinol, hyaluronic acid, vitamin E, squalene, matrixyl; those are proven ingredients and they are contained both in drugstore creams and in high-end skincare products.\nWhat makes a big difference is the package. The expensive skincare products make an impression of luxury at first sight. The brand and skincare product name are in golden letters, packed and sealed meticulously and they look great.\nAre There Different Ingredients?\nEven big producers of cosmetic products admit that the difference between an expensive product and a cheaper one may be minimal. The biggest difference is usually the package. And good marketing. Watching a movie star promoting the product is a huge attracting factor because the perfect-looking woman makes us feel we will get the same look if we use that skincare product she promotes.\nRegular Care Is What Counts Most\nAll dermatologist agree on one thing: regular care is what makes the difference between a good-looking complexion compared to skin that is not looked after. Regular skin care routine and the way you apply cosmetic products on your skin are essential. It is obvious: if you don’t use even the most expensive cream regularly, you are not going to see you any results.\nWhen Does It Make Sense To Go For A High-end Product\nIn general, a luxury skincare product can make you feel special and that might make you want to use it more diligently on a regular basis. Then it is worth buying.\nHowever, if you only look for the scientifically-based evidence regarding the ingredients, there is no need to go for a high-end product.\nI would say there is equal chance that you will get a cream suitable for you from either category. I have tried many brands before I found one that seems to get along with my skin best. And it is at the low-end. I was really surprised that it was not more expensive regarding the fact it contained matrixyl, squalene, three essential oils and vitamin E, all very effective ingredients that help with the anti-aging battle. In addition, it’s hyper allergenic and fragrance free.\nSo if I were on a quest for a cream that would suit my skin best, I would search on the internet and look at the active ingredients in creams:\nVitamin E – it is an antioxidant. Its biochemical name is tocopherol so that’s what you should be looking for in the list of ingredients. A study with seventy-five adult Japanese volunteers with dark under-eye circles and wrinkles was performed applying a gel containing 2% phytonadione, 0.1% retinol, 0.1% vitamin C, and 0.1% vitamin E for 8 weeks. Results show fair or moderate reduction of dark under-eye circles and a slight improvement of wrinkles.\nSqualane – an ingredient derived from plants such as olives and rice bran, amaranth seeds or wheat germ. Squalene with an “e” is produced by the body but our natural production of squalene slows after the age of 30. So it makes sense to add it to skincare products. What does squalane do? It seals moisture naturally. And that’s what we what, right? It also stimulates cells and promotes wound healing.\nMatrixyl 3000 – is considered one of the most effective anti-aging ingredients. It contains an active ingredient known as Palmitoyl Pentapeptide which helps to stimulate new collagen growth, hyaluronic acid and elastin. Matrixyl 3000 is a peptide consisting of two proteins. It fights signs of aging helping your skin look more youthful.\nMatrixyl 3000 also inhibits the damage caused by the effects of sugar on your skin and helps reverse the existing effects. So that’s definitely another ingredient you want to have in your skincare product!\nHyaluronic acid – also known as hyaluronan, this substance is naturally produced by your body and its natural property is to retain water. Hydrated skin reduces the appearance of wrinkles and it can also reduce redness and dermatitis. Reduction of wrinkles, that’s what you want! Moreover, it has inflammatory properties and promotes wound healing. So this is another ingredient you should look for in skincare products.\nRetinol (vitamin A) – another ingredient that rewinds the signs of aging boosting collagen production and plumping out your skin. It also improves uneven tone and pigmentation. As a result, your skin is smoother, brighter and looks more youthful.\nRetinol is the number one ingredient in skin care aimed at diminishing the signs of aging. Fine lines and wrinkles are significantly reduced with it. Fewer wrinkles, that’s what we all wish for!\nVitamin C – is a potent antioxidant that restores glow, evens out fine lines and acts as a barrier against stress – another powerful ingredient contributing to a more youthful complexion.\nIt protects against sun damage, pollution and environmental stress, as well as free radicals – damaged cells that contribute to aging on. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, protects the structure of your skin and promotes the production of collagen to keep it looking plump and firm. Another ingredient to look for when you are choosing your beauty product.\nNiacinamide or vitamin B3 – is a water-soluble vitamin that works with the natural substances in your skin. According to Paula’s choice “helps visibly minimize enlarged pores, tighten lax pores, improve uneven complexion, soften fine lines and wrinkles, diminish dullness, and strengthen a weakened surface.”\nWhen used in high concentration, niacinamide can cause redness or irritation but it is very rare. After all, you can be allergic to any ingredient and there is no other way than trying it out.\nThere are many more ingredients that could be named here but the ones described above are really very effective in everyday skin care and it pays off to look at the composition of the cream you are going to buy very carefully.\nThese ingredients can be found in low-end drugstore products as well. After all, every person is different and you might experience an allergic reaction to ANY skincare product. An expensive one or a cheap one. You have to try it out.\nSo Is It worth It To Spend A Lot Of Money On A Face Cream?\n“In my opinion, you really don’t need to spend a lot of money on fancy moisturizers,” Dr. Samer Jaber, of Washington Square Dermatology in New York City.\n“When you’re getting a fancy, expensive moisturizer, you’re really paying for a couple things,” he explains. “You’re paying for the packaging, you’re paying for marketing, and then sometimes [expensive creams] have some proprietary ingredients or chemicals that are more rare and a little more expensive.”\nWhat is your experience with expensive skincare products? Did you experience such awesome results as claimed by the movie stars who promote them?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://blog.biltrightturf.com/artificial-turf-types", "date": "2024-04-14T14:28:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414130604-20240414160604-00438.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9272118210792542, "token_count": 2117, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__49592038", "lang": "en", "text": "Which type of artificial grass fiber fits your home?\nJan 10, 2024 | Artificial Grass for Homes\nEver wonder whether luscious, green artificial lawns are made of the same stuff as the putting green at your local mini-golf course? Believe it or not, there are quite a few different types of artificial grass fibers, each with its own unique properties. This article will explore the most common synthetic grass fibers, their pros and cons, and help determine the best fit for your home.\nThe main artificial grass fibers used today are nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on the application, traffic, and desired look and feel. While additional coatings and infill products help improve lifespan, odor resistance, and playability, the base fiber constitutes the bulk of the artificial turf product.\nLet's take a closer look at each fiber type.\nWhat is nylon fiber?\nNylon is a synthetic polymer that was first mass-produced in 1935. Nylon turf fibers are made through a process called polymerization. The nylon yarn consists of long chains of polyamides that give it a smooth, continuous filament. This material is then tufted into an artificial grass product with slit-film and monofilament manufacturing techniques.\nWhat are the pros and cons of nylon for artificial grass?\nNylon artificial grass has several advantageous properties but also some distinct downsides.\nOn the positive side, nylon is highly resilient and can withstand a lot of foot traffic and activity. The nylon fibers bounce back upright after being stepped on or compressed. This ability to \"spring back\" minimizes the need for grooming or fluffing up flattened areas.\nNylon is also highly resistant to UV radiation from sunlight. It retains its color exceptionally well without fading or discoloration over time. This makes nylon a good choice for lawns in hot, sunny climates with high sun exposure.\nHowever, there are some notable disadvantages to nylon grass. The stiffness of the fibers can cause \"turf burn\" abrasions to skin from sliding or activity on the lawn. Nylon is also semi-permeable, which allows it to absorb moisture and liquids to a certain degree. This can lead to odor issues from pet urine, spills, or excess rain.\nFinally, nylon is one of the more expensive options for synthetic grass installation. While ideal for artificial grass putting green, nylon may not be the best choice for a lawn used by the family.\nWhat is polyethylene?\nPolyethylene is a synthetic plastic made from petroleum that has become a top choice for artificial grass blades.\nThis material has a soft, flexible texture that closely imitates real grass. Polyethylene blades have a natural curve and varied blade widths.\nWhat are the pros and cons of polyethylene yarns?\nPolyethylene is a top choice for artificial grass blades due to its many desirable properties.\nThis material has a soft, flexible texture that closely imitates the feel of real grass. Polyethylene blades have a natural curve and varied blade widths, giving the turf a realistic, lush appearance.\nThe result is synthetic grass that looks impressively like the real thing.\nPolyethylene is also non-abrasive and gentle on the skin. Unlike stiff nylon fibers, polyethylene allows barefoot play and activity without irritation. Families with kids and pets will appreciate this comfort factor.\nAdditionally, polyethylene resists absorbing moisture, which helps control odors and bacterial growth from pets, spills, and rain. The non-porous nature prevents liquids from seeping and festering deep in the turf backing.\nIts durability, vivid color tones, and true-to-life texture make it easy to see why polyethylene has become a top seller. Homeowners looking for artificial grass that mimics natural lawn grass will be pleased with the realistic aesthetics polyethylene offers.\nWhile polyethylene has many benefits, it's not without flaws.\nPolyethylene is susceptible to UV degradation when exposed to prolonged sunlight. The ultraviolet radiation can cause the fibers to become brittle and break down faster than more UV-resistant fibers. This can shorten the lifespan of a polyethylene grass installation.\nIn terms of resilience, polyethylene lacks the springiness of nylon turf. Under heavy foot traffic and activity, polyethylene blades will become matted down and compressed into a flattened, unnatural orientation. This requires more maintenance by brushing or fluffing the blades to restore their upright position. The matting and compaction will be especially noticeable in high-traffic areas.\nSo, while polyethylene closely replicates lush, natural grass, some homeowners may not want to deal with the extra care. This is where polypropylene steps in as a lower-cost, more carefree option.\nWhat is polypropylene?\nPolypropylene is a versatile synthetic plastic polymer that has become popular for manufacturing artificial grass blades.\nChemically, polypropylene consists of long-chain hydrocarbons made from the monomer propylene. The propylene molecules (C3H6) are assembled into a polypropylene polymer through chain-growth polymerization.\nThe result is a lightweight, flexible plastic material that can be produced in various grades and densities. During manufacturing, polypropylene pellets are melted and extruded into thin, grass-like fibers.\nWhat are the pros and cons of polypropylene artificial grass?\nPolypropylene as a synthetic turf fiber has some advantages, but also notable drawbacks.\nOn the positive side, polypropylene blades have a natural, soft, wispy texture that closely mimics real grass. The fibers are thin and flexible, providing a cushioned feel underfoot. Polypropylene is also highly resistant to absorbing moisture, which prevents issues with odors, bacteria, and damage from pet urine.\nHowever, polypropylene lacks durability and resilience compared to other options. The soft fibers flatten readily under foot traffic and are slow to bounce back to their upright position. This can lead to matted, flattened areas that detract from the look of the lawn.\nPolypropylene also degrades more quickly than nylon when exposed to sunlight and UV radiation. Unprotected polypropylene can become brittle and discolored after prolonged sun exposure. Manufacturers often add stabilizers to help, but polypropylene is still less UV-resistant overall.\nFinally, while polypropylene is a very affordable synthetic grass fiber option, the lower cost comes with some performance tradeoffs. Homeowners need to weigh whether the softer feel and natural appearance outweigh the lack of resilience and shorter lifespan in areas of heavy activity.\nSo, in summary, polypropylene provides a lush, wispy texture at an economical price but requires care to maintain appearance.\nHow do nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene artificial grass fibers compare?\nWhen comparing nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene turf fibers, there are some key differences in durability, appearance, feel, and cost.\nIn terms of durability, nylon is the longest-lasting fiber. The resilient nylon blades can bounce back from heavy foot traffic, pets, and play with minimal flattening or matting. This makes nylon a good choice for high traffic areas. Polyethylene is moderately durable, though not as crush-resistant as nylon. Polypropylene is the least durable option, as the soft thin blades flatten down more readily.\nFor a natural appearance, polyethylene looks the most like real grass, with its softness and varied blade widths. Nylon is stiffer and obviously artificial at a glance. Polypropylene can look quite realistic, though the thin blades may seem sparse in some products.\nIn terms of feel, polypropylene and polyethylene offer a much softer, more cushioned texture underfoot. Nylon is stiff and can be abrasive, causing \"turf burn\" rashes from activity. Polyethylene offers the most barefoot-friendly comfort.\nUV and heat resistance also differ. Nylon withstands prolonged sun exposure and high temperatures best. Polypropylene degrades fastest in sunlight. Polyethylene falls in the middle for UV stability.\nFinally, nylon is the most expensive material, requiring the highest investment upfront. Polypropylene is the most affordable while polyethylene lands in the mid-range for pricing.\nConsidering these differences can help you choose a suitable fiber.\nHow do you select the right synthetic turf fiber?\nWhen selecting an artificial grass product for your home, remember your specific needs and priorities.\nFor high-traffic areas that will see a lot of foot traffic, playing, and activity, a very durable and resilient fiber is best. Nylon is the hardest, while polyethylene is a bit softer but handles moderate traffic well. Both bounce back to an upright position quickly after being stepped on or compressed.\nIn spaces used by pets, polyethylene or polypropylene are good choices to limit odors, as neither absorbs much moisture. Liquid waste drains through these fibers quickly rather than pooling on top. They are easy to clean and sanitize.\nTo mimic the look and feel of a lush, beautiful natural lawn, soft polyethylene is an ideal pick. The varied green blades and naturalistic textures perfectly resemble natural grass. The softness is also comfortable for kids and pets.\nFor homeowners on tight budgets, polypropylene is typically the most economical fiber option. The cost savings come with some tradeoffs in durability and resilience, but polypropylene still creates a decent-looking lawn. Expect to fluff or groom flattened areas occasionally.\nAlso, factor your local climate into the decision. For regions with very hot weather and intense sunlight, nylon and polyethylene with UV stabilizers will handle the sun exposure best. Polypropylene needs more shade in sweltering climates.\nFinally, look at other factors like blade length and thatch density. But choosing the right base fiber starts your synthetic turf on the right foot.\nWith a range of synthetic fibers to choose from, you can find the perfect option to suit your home's unique needs and specifications.\nDo your research, weigh the options, and make an informed artificial grass choice. Soon you’ll be hosting neighbors on your glamorous new lawn with pride.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://indigohealthclinic.com/neurotransmitter-testing/", "date": "2018-05-24T23:31:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866894.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524224941-20180525004941-00609.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8779634833335876, "token_count": 1239, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__47573912", "lang": "en", "text": "Over 40 million Americans suffer from debilitating mental illnesses like anxiety, depression, insomnia and addictions. Based upon the most recent data collected from testing over 25,000 subjects, approximately 84% of the U.S. population suffers from neurotransmitter imbalances. Pharmaceutical intervention is often the first choice of treatment for many of these conditions. While temporarily helping individuals with mental illness, pharmaceuticals don’t often cure the underlying biochemical or physiological imbalance taking place. To attempt to get to the root cause of your mental illness, naturopathic physicians run a specialized laboratory test called a neurotransmitter test.\nNeurotransmitter testing is a very simple, one-time urine collection (and/or saliva depending on the test) that provides great information about chemical messengers found in your brain and nervous system that contribute to feelings of pleasure, happiness and calmness. When neurotransmitter levels are balanced, individuals also have better attention/focus, increased memory, decreased pain, less frequent headaches, less cravings and normal gastrointestinal functioning. Neurotransmitter testing is a great first step to determine which specific neurotransmitters are imbalanced.\nNEUROTRANSMITTERS AFFECT THE ENTIRE HUMAN BEING MENTALLY, PHYSICALLY, AND EMOTIONALLY.\nMetabolism and weight\nFACTORS THAT AFFECT NEUROTRANSMITTERS:\nPoor nutrition and chronic stress are the most important factors that lead to neurotransmitter imbalance. You need protein for proper amino acid development. A diet high in sugar and fast food does not provide the proper building blocks.\nOur brain chemistry is directly dependent upon the nutrients we consume, the ability of our digestive tract to assimilate nutrients, the concentration of toxins consumed as well as the toxic metabolic byproducts of incomplete digestion. Our liver's ability to assemble biochemical building blocks required by the brain for its normal functionality is critical and may easily become undermined by carrying too high a toxic load.\nIndustrial cleaners, air and waste pollution and heavy metals are neurological toxins, which disrupt neurotransmission and destroy brain cells that contain the neurotransmitters.\nThere are different types of neurotransmitters, both excitatory and inhibitory. Excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate, epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA), stimulate the nervous system and send out signals that are energizing, motivating and provide focus.\nThe major excitatory neurotransmitter\nPlays essential role in motor behavior and secretion of pituitary hormones\nEPINEPHRINE (Epi; Adrenaline)\nNT and hormone essential for metabolism\nIncreases free fatty acids in blood as well as decreases insulin excretion\nMost active in the awake sate and supports focused attention\nContributes to anxiety and its turnover increases during stress\nLower levels are commonly seen in those with depression\nDerived from amino acid phenylalanine\nFound to increase mental acuity and elevate mood\nInvolved in depression, ADHD, Schizophrenia and psychopathic behavior\nOn the contrary, inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA, serotonin and glycine, slow down the nervous system and prevent signals from continuing, thus causing calming, relaxing and sleep inducing effects.\nThe major inhibitory neurotransmitter, occurring in 30-40% of all synapses\nDeficiency is associated with anxiety and sleep-related problems\nSynthesized from tryptophan and/or 5’-HTP\n90% of serotonin is produced in the gut and exerts considerable influence on normal intestinal functionality\nInvolved in depression, compulsive disorders, anxiety, insomnia and migraines\nGlutamine, dopamine and histamine are other neurotransmitter modulators.\nMost prevalent amino acid in the body\nPrecursor to glutamate and GABA\nPrecursor to Epi and Norepi\nPlays significant role in cognition and emotion\nHas a role with cardiovascular, renal, CNS and hormones\nResponsible for allergic reactions\nRelevant in the control of sleep and wakefulness\nInfluences secretion of hormones from pituitary gland\nSYMPTOMS LINKED TO NEUROTRANSMITTER IMBALANCES\nMost common symptoms include…\nLow serotonin levels, one or more elevated neurotransmitters and hormonal imbalances such as low melatonin or high cortisol are trends associated with sleep disturbances. For cases associated with insomnia, salivary cortisol will be tested in addition to neurotransmitters.\nNeurotransmitters play a role in appetite control, fat storage, carbohydrate storage and metabolic rate\nOverweight people are typically low in one or more of the following neurotransmitters: serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine\nSerotonin plays a big role in appetite control. Low serotonin levels cause carbohydrate cravings. People with healthy serotonin levels typically do not crave carbohydrates.\nEpinephrine plays a big role in fat metabolism. Low epinephrine levels do not allow the body to burn fat efficiently. People with healthy epinephrine levels typically have plenty of energy and lower body fat percentages.\nNeurotransmitters also play a big role in the body’s energy levels- motivation, enthusiasm, stamina and cognitive function.\nPeople who have low energy levels, are constantly fatigued or do not have any motivation are typically low in epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and PEA.\nEpinephrine plays a big role in energy and motivation. Low epinephrine is typically found low in sedentary people and higher in athletes.\nPEA plays a big role in cognitive function. Low PEA levels are associated with brain fog and unclear thinking whereas adequate PEA levels allow the brain to process information quickly.\nOther symptoms include depression, migraines, PMS, fibromyalgia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), ADD/ADHD, autism, anxiety, OCD and behavioral issues.\nPlease watch the following video if you will also be testing your neurotransmitters.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://vs-bu-ret2011.blogspot.com/2011/08/what-we-did-last-week-lot-of-work.html", "date": "2018-05-24T21:41:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866870.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524205512-20180524225512-00120.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9747329354286194, "token_count": 276, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__191496511", "lang": "en", "text": "Last week was very productive for our group. We prepared four sets of samples using different concentrations of thiol and different incubation times. Each set was analyzed using FTIR and ellipsometry. We finally felt ourselves comfortable with conducting FTIR measurements and analyzing obtained spectra. The obtained spectra confirmed the successful formation of SAMs on our gold substrates. I also spent about six hours on measuring thicknesses of the SAM layers with the ellipsometer and was fairly confident in the validity of my measurements. The thicknesses were still lower than those found in articles, but they were similar in magnitude to the measurements done by another member of the lab before us.\nWe also spent a good portion of time on working on our poster and PowerPoint presentation that had to combine all our results for the final presentation and poster sessions during the final week.\nWhat are our plans for the final week? We will probably spend some time on polishing our final assignments and preparing our oral presentation. I wish we could do more measurements, but we do not have time enough to complete a new piece of research and add the new results to our presentations.\nAll in all, this program was tremendously effective for me in terms of learning about surface chemistry, photonics, and some important sides of scientific research. I would highly recommend participation in this program to anyone interested in how science is made.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mosauto-service.ru/2021/12/softeners-for-the-little-ones.html", "date": "2022-09-29T20:28:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335365.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929194230-20220929224230-00577.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9597625732421875, "token_count": 343, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__137015568", "lang": "en", "text": "According to a study, Germany's daycare centers have above-average levels of hormonal pollutants. In the approximately 60 examined Kitas the quantity of the plasticizers is three times higher than in usual households, announced the federation for environment and nature protection Germany (BUND) on Tuesday in Berlin.\nAccording to the information, the seven phthalates found can dramatically affect the endocrine system. In addition, the chemicals could cause infertility and increase the risk of breast and testicular cancer.\nAccording to BUND, the reason for the high values is the frequent use of plasticizer products in daycare centers, including PVC floors, gym mats, plastic tablecloths or gymnastic balls. The 60 daycare centers nationwide had volunteered to analyze house dust. Two-thirds measured a higher overall burden than in normal households.\nThe phthalates DEHP and DINP were most frequently encountered. Not all daycare centers were affected to the same extent. While only 133 mg DEHP/kg were registered in the dust of the lowest-polluted daycare center, the total phthalate value in the highest-polluted daycare center was 21 mg DEHP/kg.700 mg/kg. According to the data, the intake of up to 0.05 mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight is safe. In one case, the value was 0.13. In total, this limit was exceeded in six Kitas.\nThe Federal Environment Agency generally advises against the use of phthalates in toys. Some of the substances are banned in principle in toys, including DEHP. Children are particularly at risk because their organs have not yet developed sufficiently, they said.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.eft.com/technology/first-combined-hydrogen-and-petrol-stations-china-opened", "date": "2020-07-14T11:07:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657149819.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714083206-20200714113206-00051.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9434871673583984, "token_count": 329, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__18239282", "lang": "en", "text": "First combined hydrogen and petrol stations in China opened\nSinopec and Air Liquide have inaugurated two hydrogen stations in Shanghai\nChina Petroleum & Chemical and French company Air Liquide have opened two hydrogen stations. They are the West Shanghai Petrol and Hydrogen Fueling Station and Anzhi Gas and Hydrogen Fueling Station. According to the companies they are the first stations in China to provide combined commercial gas and hydrogen fuel services.\nThe two hydrogen stations are part of the first project jointly signed by Sinopec and Air Liquide.\nEach is equipped with two gasoline tanks, two diesel tanks and four hydrogen tanks, as well as two 12-pump fuel dispensers, two four-pump 35MPa hydrogen dispensers and a reserved 70MPa hydrogen dispenser.\nThe stations have a daily capacity of 1,000 kilograms to serve public transportation, logistics and passenger vehicles. Each station can fuel 100 cars a day. A full tank can be provided in 4-6 minutes per vehicle, providing a driving distance of 300 to 400 kilometers (186.41-248.55 miles).\nAs with many projects in China, this is supported by the state, as part of the \"Shanghai Fuel Cell Vehicle Development Plan,\" and the scheme to develop a 'Hydrogen Corridor' in this critical area for China’s economy. The goal of the city is to complete 50 hydrogen stations by 2025. To achieve this, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical will utilise the land from 580 existing gas stations to fast-track the introduction of a new generation national network of stations covering urban roads and highways.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://thechallenge.dupont.com/interviewdrjk.html", "date": "2013-06-20T03:51:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710274484/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131754-00092-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9489789009094238, "token_count": 1390, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__98589976", "lang": "en", "text": "Dr. Joseph V. Kurian, Technology & Business Development Manager – DuPont Performance Materials/ABS/EP, is the scientist behind Sorona®, an amazing new polymer that can make our clothing, carpets and other everyday products much more effective—and environmentally friendly. He is also a strong supporter of science education and The DuPont Challenge.\nHow would you describe your job and the work you do at DuPont?\nI am a polymer scientist and technology leader. My current job entails providing technology and leadership in renewably sourced materials. The goal is to prepare new high performance materials from renewable feed-stocks, make the world less dependent on petroleum and thereby provide a much cleaner environment.\nWhat are some examples of fibers?\nThere are natural and synthetic fibers. Examples of natural fibers include cotton, wool and silk. Polyester, nylon and spandex are examples of synthetic fibers. Fibers are essential to our life and we see them everywhere (clothing, carpets, upholstery, car interior, toys, parachutes, tires, etc.). There are specifically engineered fibers for each applications and markets.\nHow would you describe a polymer?\nPolymers are large molecules that play an essential role in our everyday life. Polymer molecules are connected by chemical bonds. Poly means “many” and mer means “repeating unit.”\nDNA and proteins are examples of biopolymers. A variety of natural polymers exist, such as cellulose, which is the main component of wood and paper. Synthetic polymers include: polyethylene, polystyrene, PVC, neoprene and nylon. Different types of polymers can be found in famous DuPont products such as Kevlar®, Nomex®, Teflon®, Tyvek®, Butacite® and Sorona®.\nHow did the Sorona® Polymer come about?\nThe preparation and commercialization of Sorona® Polymer took several years of dedicated research and development. The process of making a polymer is called polymerization. In case of Sorona®, it is called condensation polymerization. Polymer scientists can tailor molecules in their lab to introduce desirable properties in fiber and fabric form. This can be called “macromolecular engineering.”\nWhat makes Sorona® different from other materials?\nSorona® is a highly versatile polymer that boasts properties such as softness, stretch and recovery, comfort wear, easy dyeability for vibrant colors and stain resistance to most stains. It offers several new properties and possibilities for garment makers. For example, Sorona® containing garments are unusually soft, wrinkle-free, provides good comfort fit and easy to clean. Carpets made with Sorona® offers permanent stain resistance, softness, and resilience, all important attributes to the floor covering market.\nWhat kinds of products has Sorona been made into? What advantages do Sorona products have over similar products?\nSorona® is in textiles and garments, carpets, automotive interiors, various molded plastics for engineering components and in cosmetic packaging. There are unique advantages in each of these markets. In engineering components Sorona® provides better dimensional stability and strength whereas in cosmetic packaging improved surface gloss, scratch resistance and excellent resistance to solvents and chemicals.\nWhat makes Sorona “sustainable” and good for the environment?\nSorona® is an excellent example of a sustainable high-value polymer. It takes less energy to prepare the polymer, releases less carbon dioxide to the environment, is free of heavy metals, can be manufactured and processed in existing equipments, and is easily recyclable.\nOne of the key ingredients, bio-PDO, is made from a renewable feedstock, thereby reducing the use of petroleum. It is estimated that about 10 million gallons of gasoline per year can be saved from the production of 100 million pounds of bio-PDO.\nWhat do you see in the future for Sorona?\nI see significant growth potential for Sorona® in coming years. This will also lead into the development of a new family of environmentally sustainable renewably sourced materials with broad market applications and impact to the society.\nHow did you first become interested in science,\nand how did you start working in science as a career?\nI became curious and interested in science from my childhood, playing with rubber balls made of natural rubber latex, and trying to understand how things work. I pursued biology and chemistry in my college days in India and then got interested in polymers and polymer engineering. Coming to America and studying polymer science at the University of Akron was a huge turning point in my career. Synthesis and characterization of a new family of new polymers at Professor Kennedy's lab at the University of Akron gave me the confidence to pursue a career in science.\nMy early days at GE Plastics and then at DuPont Nylon gave me hands on experience in industrial chemistry, large-scale polymer manufacturing experience and familiarity with fiber science, technology, and engineering. There are several teachers and mentors who helped and guided me along the way in my career. Science is a learning process and I keep learning from my colleagues and friends every day.\nWhat is your favorite part about your job?\nThe most favorite part of my job is being a scientist and inventor. Using my science skills, I see an opportunity to help people, create high paying jobs and improve the quality of life for many people around the world.\nWhat would you say to a student who is thinking about working in a science-related\nHave the passion and believe in yourself. Keep pursuing your scientific dreams and goals. Stay abreast and keep trying something new every day. Success will come.\nWhat do you think of The DuPont Challenge essay competition?\nI have very high value for The DuPont Challenge. This is an excellent opportunity for students to think differently and familiarize themselves with emerging areas of science, technology and engineering and propose novel solutions. Simple participation in The DuPont Challenge alone can open their minds to a whole new world of amazing possibilities.\nWhy do you think The DuPont Challenge is important?\nScience, Technology, Engineering and Math will continue to play a huge role in our nation's future. Our quality of life depends on our success in this area. There will be increased competition from countries around the world and it is absolutely critical that we encourage more students to pursue careers in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math.\nThe DuPont Challenge is an excellent vehicle to introduce scientific concepts to a large number of students at an early age. We are instilling scientific ideas and curiosity in the minds of over 10,000 students each year through this Challenge alone.\nDuPont is a Science Company and we understand the importance of Science to our future success.\nFind more about:", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://2019.ieee-fleps.org/contact/kourosh-kalantar-zadeh", "date": "2019-08-24T11:59:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027320734.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190824105853-20190824131853-00206.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9273582696914673, "token_count": 223, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__211943314", "lang": "en", "text": "Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh is a 2018 Australian Research Council (ARC) Laureate Fellow and a Professor of Chemical Engineering at UNSW, in Sydney. Formerly, he was a Distinguished Professor of Electronic Engineering at RMIT in Melbourne. Kalantar-zadeh is also the Director of the Centre for Advanced Solid and Liquid based Electronics and Optics (CASLEO) at UNSW. Kalantar-zadeh has coauthored nearly 400 research articles, reviews and books. He is a member of the editorial boards of journals including Applied Materials Today, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Sensors, Advanced Materials Technologies, Nano-Micro Letters, and ACS Nano. Kalantar-zadeh is internationally recognised for his work on ingestible sensors, two dimensional semiconductors and liquid metals and has been awarded the 2017 IEEE Sensor Council Achievement Award and 2018 ACS Advances in Measurement Science Lectureship Award (Asia-Pacific region). Clarivate Analytics recognised Kalantar-zadeh as one of the most highly cited researchers in 2018.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.refuel.com/fuel-tank-cleaning-services/", "date": "2017-12-15T04:09:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948563629.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215040629-20171215060629-00148.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9296610951423645, "token_count": 552, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__167763862", "lang": "en", "text": "Fuel Tank Cleaning Services\nIs your fuel contaminated?\nAre clogged filters leading to customer complaints of slow fuel delivery? Are you losing customers and sales because of fuel quality and fuel pumping problems?\nClogged filters can be replaced, but are often an indication of a larger problem: contaminated fuel and contaminated fuel storage tanks.\nLet Refuel inspect your fuel tanks and recommend the level of service right for your situation.\nAre you getting a temporary fix?\nReplacing the filters may temporarily to fix the problem–until you get another fuel drop. This will stir up the sediment and particulates that have settled at the bottom of tank and mix it with the new fuel. The newly dropped, and now contaminated fuel will soon clog your filters again.\nMany companies simply filter or “polish” your fuel and return it to your tanks. We go one step further. By cleaning your fuel tank with our patent-pending process, you’ll not only have cleaner fuel immediately, but it will stay cleaner longer.\nIs your fuel tank really being cleaned or has the fuel just been polished?\nYour tanks & and fuel will be returned to optimal quality. In the over 11 years we’ve been cleaning fuel tanks, we’ve never had to re-clean a properly maintained fuel tank after our service! Refuel’s process eliminates:\nOur Fuel Tank Washing Difference\nIf fuel tanks are contaminated with water, sludge or bacteria, simply filtering the fuel without cleaning fuel tanks can quickly lead to the fuel becoming re-contaminated.\nRefuel Environmental Services combines the art of fuel tank cleaning with the science of fuel polishing and filtering to bring your fuel and and your fuel storage tanks back to original specifications.\nThe Refuel Fuel Tank Washing Process, is our patent-pending, all-in-one solution that brings fuel back to optimal quality and removes tank contaminants in only a few hours!\nRefuel is the Midwest’s leader utilizing our patent pending tank cleaning process.\nFuel Tank Cleaning Service\n• For UST & AST\n• Average time to service a tank is 3 1/2 hours.\n• Only the tank being cleaned will be out of service.\n• Requires only 2-3″ tank openings.\n• No excavation.\n• Fuel is transferred from the tank prior to cleaning.\n• The interior of the tank is thoroughly cleaned using high-pressure wash & rinse heads.\n• Solids & water are vacuum extracted from your underground fuel tank.\n• Fuel is filtered to original specifications.\n• Only clean, dry fuel is returned to tank.\n• Refuel handles the wash-water disposal.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wyld1.com/blogs/eco-friendly/thermal-drive", "date": "2024-02-24T20:23:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474544.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224180245-20240224210245-00591.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9424483776092529, "token_count": 443, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__153967778", "lang": "en", "text": "Divine Graphene™ fabric is a performance blend of graphene and spandex for superior stretch and auto-thermal regulation. Graphene is allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Its an eco-friendly, sustainable solution found in WYLD1™ Quarter Zips.\nLet's learn more about what makes Graphene a worthy SuperNatural Performance™ offering from WYLD1. Graphene is:\n- The thinnest compound known at one atom thick\n- The lightest material known\n- The strongest material know\n- The best conductor of heat at room temperature\n- The best conductor of electricity\n- Very flexible\nWow, thats a strong start! Carbon by mass, is one of the most abundant elements known in the universe. Its abundance makes it a potential great sustainable solution. However, it wasn't until 2012 that eco-friendly production of graphene was discovered by effectively separating graphene from a reusable metallic board which it is grown. This new process eliminated the toxic waste created from previous production options paving the pathway to sustainable Graphene applications.\nThere are also a variety of emerging eco-friendly Graphene production processes including using eucalyptus bark and tea leaves to extract in the synthesis of graphene sheets.\nGraphene has huge potential to transform many areas due to versatility and superior properties. Significant global research is currently underway to understand how to utilize Graphene's power in batteries, water filters, energy, computers, DNA sequencing, electronic display screens, and textiles.\nEnhanced Graphene textiles are just hitting the market and offer a number of incredible benefits including boosted thermal regulation, durability, self-cleaning, breathability, flexibility, protection, and tech integration. There is significant ongoing research and experimentation with Graphene use in textiles that will continue to push the boundaries on how this unique and all-powerful material could revolutionize future textiles.\nWe hope you are as excited as we were when learning about Graphene and now understand why it rightfully achieves Supernatural Performance™ standards for use in WYLD1™ gear.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mybestruns.com/Beet_juice_enhances_athletic_performance_giving_to_the_athletes_an.html", "date": "2020-01-21T06:39:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250601615.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200121044233-20200121073233-00398.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9653597474098206, "token_count": 616, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__66217320", "lang": "en", "text": "Beet juice enhances athletic performance giving to the athletes an amount of nitrate in a natural food source\nRunners have experimented with a broad array of aids in pursuit of a performance edge. A popular one today that seems safe and backed by solid data is the juice of beets, for the nitrates they contain.\nInorganic nitrate is added to cured and processed meats to extend their shelf life and give them their distinctive pink color. It’s also naturally found in spinach, arugula and beets. In the past decade, new evidence has suggested that the nitrate in these vegetables enhances athletic performance and may also increase cardiovascular health in old age.\nThe first clue came in 2007, when Swedish researchers reported that three days of sodium nitrate supplementation lowered the oxygen demand of nine cyclists and triathletes as they worked out, compared with a placebo of table salt. It also increased the blood plasma levels of nitrite, a byproduct of nitrate.\nThat study caught the eye of exercise physiologist Andrew Jones of the University of Exeter in England. Usually, the oxygen demand of exercise is fixed, he says, so for a short-term intervention to change that “was unusual.”\nAlthough it wasn’t clear how nitrate was doing what it did, Jones knew that green leafy vegetables and beets were rich sources. So he conducted a study, reported in the Journal of Applied Physiology, giving eight men active in recreational sports an equivalent amount of nitrate in a natural food source like beet juice.\nThe volunteers consumed 500 ml (17 ounces) of beet juice every day for six days. Then, after a break of 10 days, the groups were switched around and drank another drink for an additional six days.\nBy the last three days of the six, nitrate concentration in the blood of those drinking beet juice was almost doubled and their systolic blood pressure (which measures the pressure in your blood vessels as your heart beats) fell by an average of 6 points. The oxygen cost — the amount of oxygen consumed — when they exercised on a stationary bicycle was reduced by 19 percent.\n“When we asked them to continue to exercise to exhaustion, they were able to go longer,” recalls Jones, who co-wrote a review on dietary nitrates in the 2018 Annual Review of Nutrition.\nFrom then on, research on beet juice, beet juice concentrates, whole beets and nitrate salts started to pour in.\nNitrate itself doesn’t do much in the body. It first has to be converted to nitric oxide, a gas with numerous physiological roles — in blood vessel dilation, muscle contraction and transmission of nerve signals, among others. People obtain that nitric oxide in two ways: either through the action of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which catalyzes the amino acid L-arginine to produce it, or from nitrate ingested in food.\nposted Tuesday April 30th\nby Rodrigo Pérez Ortega", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://meriden.patch.com/search?keywords=3M", "date": "2014-07-23T09:52:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997877693.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025757-00207-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.970540463924408, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-23__0__181986374", "lang": "en", "text": "3M Purification 400 Research Pky, Meriden, CT06450 3M Purification is a Meriden institution. The company designs and produces water and gas filtration and purification…More products for the health care and food and beverage industries as well as residential and industrial settings. Formerly known as Cuno, the company was founded by George Cuno in Meriden in 1912 and grew to international prominence in the water and gas filtration industry. Cuno was acquired by 3M in 2005. By joining forces, these two industrial giants are able to offer cutting-edge technology to clients worldwide.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.realmcarthurpawpawproducts.com/shop/hyaluronic-acid-65-paw-paw-face-cream-50ml/FC50", "date": "2020-07-03T14:59:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655882051.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200703122347-20200703152347-00347.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7803987264633179, "token_count": 551, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__214089995", "lang": "en", "text": "REAL MCARTHUR PAW PAW , ALOE VERA LEAF JUICE, CONCENTRATE, CAMELIA OIL,COCONUT OIL, MACADAMIA OIL, SHEA BUTTER, QUANDONG\nHyaluronic Acid & 30% Paw Paw Face Cream - Natural and Organic Hydrating Face Cream\nOur Unique Magnesium Face Cream may aid in the regulation of the activity of over 324 enzymes within the human body, reduce inflammation and help muscle function.\n• Lightweight, luxurious moisturiser – ideal for use on all skin types and easily absorbed by the skin.\n• Contains Real McArthur Paw Paw Extract providing beneficial enzymes which may help allow the skin to energise, repair and become smoother.\n• The addition of Shea and Cocoa Butters adds extra moisturising abilities.\n• Non-Irritating Cream with the soothing effects of Magnesium Chloride which may help stimulate the skin’s natural healing and regeneration.\n• Contains Bio Hyaluronic Acid to help plump the skins elasticity with moisture allowing itself to repair also aiding with cell regeneration.\n• Natural Aromatic Oils such as Ylang Ylang, Rose Geranium and Lavender are added to promote a sense of well-being and relaxation.\n• Rich with antioxidants (Chamomile and Kakadu Plum Extracts).\n• Rich with vitamin E.\n100% Natural Ingredients:\n*Aloe Vera Leaf Juice, Real McArthur Paw Paw Extract, *Camelia Oil, *Coconut Oil, Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, *Macadamia Oil, Cetearyl Alcohol, Stearic Acid, *Cocoa Butter, *Shea Butter, Sodium Levulinate/Sodium Anisate, Magnesium Chloride, Xanthan Gum, Hyaluronic Acid, Ylang Ylang Essential Oil, Rose Geranium Essential Oil, Vitamin E - Natural, Lavender Essential Oil, Kakadu Plum Extract, Lilly Pilly Extract, Citric Acid.\n* Indicates Certified Organic Ingredients.\nOur Hyaluronic Acid & 30% Paw Paw Face Cream - Natural and Organic Hydrating Face Cream may help soothe and rejuvenate the appearance of the skin. It may also help to relieve redness and dryness of the skin.\nContains no added fragrance.\nContains 100% natural ingredients.\nContains no petrochemicals, parabens or added sulphates.\nFor best results use daily.\nSmooth gently onto your face and neck using upward and outward movements, avoid contact with eyes.\nFor external use only.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://miamicenterfordermatology.com/acne-treatments-in-miami/", "date": "2023-09-23T21:28:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506528.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923194908-20230923224908-00774.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9089974761009216, "token_count": 1232, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__68913888", "lang": "en", "text": "Figuring out what’s causing your acne and how to treat it can be difficult, discouraging, and take a long time. When deciding which acne treatments to start for your skin, it’s important to go straight to the right sources—dermatologists! Here’s the best advice about acne treatments, straight from our doctors.\nHow to Treat Acne\nBecause there are so many different root causes of acne, there are many different treatments that can improve your complexion and keep breakouts at bay. From laser treatments to facials to even hormonal birth control pills, acne treatments aren’t limited to over-the-counter skincare products. However, these products are one of the most accessible and effective acne treatments for people dealing with acne, both minor and severe. Here are the main types of anti-acne skincare products and ingredients we recommend.\nThere is so much variety in chemical exfoliants that it’s no wonder most dermatologists across the US recommend chemical exfoliation over manual/physical exfoliation for the majority of their patients. This variety of chemical exfoliants shows there’s a fit for virtually every skin type.\nIf your skin is extremely sensitive, polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) might be best for you, as they’re some of the most gentle chemical exfoliants out there. If your skin needs a more robust exfoliant, then AHAs like glycolic acid or BHA might be best for you.\nWhat exactly are chemical exfoliants? Essentially, chemists extract these exfoliants from natural substances, usually fruits, or they produce synthetic versions. These exfoliants are able to slough away dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and debris from your skin to reduce existing breakouts and prevent new ones from forming.\nPhysical exfoliants, like salt crystals, ground up walnut shells, and microbeads, tend to be more abrasive and cause microtears in the skin. The abrasive nature of these exfoliants can smooth out the skin, but they are often too harsh for many sensitive skin types, causing irritation and weakening the skin’s barrier. The microtears often allow more bacteria and debris to find its way into your pores, causing more breakouts.\nWhile a good scrub can feel relaxing and make your skin feel ultra-clean, dermatologists find the best acne treatments to contain chemical exfoliants instead. Here’s some of our favorite skincare products that contain chemical exfoliants.\nWhat We Believe\nWith a holistic clinical approach, which involves first listening to patients concerns, we thoroughly diagnose and explain their individual treatment options.\nOur Porefect Cleanser pairs 2% salicylic acid (BHA), and glycolic acid to gently unclog pores, remove impurities and even skin texture and tone—without stripping your skin. This unique combination of medical-grade, acne-fighting ingredients work to help regulate oil production and effectively clear problematic skin that is more sensitive to irritation. This gel formula is a great cleanser for oily complexions, but it doesn’t strip the natural ceramide barrier and dry out your skin.\nExfoliating your skin doesn’t have to be in the form of a cleanser, it can be in a leave-on treatment like a toner or serum. Our Gly/Sal Pads are similar to our Porefect Cleanser in that they also contain salicylic and glycolic acid, but the formula comes in convenient, easy-to-use pads to promote exfoliation, control oil, reduce breakouts and unclog pores. These pads help enhance skin clarity and are pH-balanced. Our Gly/Sal Pads also contain witch hazel for oil control as well as hydrating ingredients to nourish the skin barrier and prevent dryness from the exfoliants.\nIf you’re looking for something stronger, the Papaya Enzyme Peel from Doctor’s Daughter is a once-a-week acne treatment that deeply exfoliates the skin. While it helps with breakouts like the other products we mentioned, it goes above and beyond that to help your skin.\n- Replaces dead skin cells with new, younger cells\n- Evens out skin discoloration and texture\n- Prevents signs of aging\n- Brightens dull skin\n- Unclogs pores\nLike we mentioned before, acne has several different causes, so chemical exfoliation may not help depending on the root source of your acne. Perhaps a better acne treatment for you would be to target bacteria.\nUnlike chemical exfoliants, benzoyl peroxide is a topical antiseptic that kills acne-causing bacteria. This ingredient works particularly well for inflammatory acne, which is characterized by red bumps that contain pus (pustules, papules, cysts, and nodules) rather than whiteheads and blackheads.\nLike chemically exfoliating products, benzoyl peroxide comes in different strengths. If you’ve never used this ingredient before, start with the lowest percentage and then work your way up as needed. We have two different cleansers with this ingredient, one in 5% strength and one in 10% strength. Our Benzoyl Peroxide Acne Wash 5% provides antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. This powerful acne-fighting treatment dries up pimples and blemishes while keeping the skin’s moisture and pH levels at the normal level. Benzoyl peroxide keeps future blemishes from forming, resulting in clearer skin over time.\nAcne Treatments in Miami | Miami Center for Dermatology\nOur dermatologists are here to help you achieve the skin of your dreams. Take a look at our other skincare acne treatments, and book an appointment with us today for a personalized consultation about your acne.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.aquivasurf.com.au/pages/surfboard-construction", "date": "2024-02-24T23:49:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474569.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224212113-20240225002113-00553.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9452300667762756, "token_count": 516, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__79188306", "lang": "en", "text": "What is my surfboard made from?\nSince the 1960’s surfboards have been constructed with one viable method, fiberglass, resin (PE) and foam (PU). This was adopted from the aviation sector but new materials have been explored over the last decade. Before fiberglass and foam surfboards were made from wood. Balsa wood being the easiest to work with but boards have been made from redwood and pine. The most popular surfboard construction on the market today is polystyrene resin, fiberglass and polyurethane blanks with a plywood stinger.\nHere's a breakdown of the main materials used in surfboard construction:\n- Foam Core: Most surfboards today use a foam core, which provides buoyancy and lightweight properties. The two main types of foam cores used are expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane (PU) foam. EPS foam is lighter and more buoyant, while PU foam is denser and has better flex properties.\n- Fiberglass Cloth: Fiberglass is used to reinforce the foam core and provide strength to the surfboard. Fiberglass cloth is typically layered over the foam and laminated with resin. It comes in various weights and weaves, with heavier fiberglass providing more durability but adding weight to the board.\n- Resin: Resin is used to bind the fiberglass layers together and create a hard shell around the foam core. Polyester resin and epoxy resin are the two main types used in surfboard construction. Polyester resin is more commonly used as it is less expensive, while epoxy resin offers higher strength and lighter weight.\n- Stringer: A stringer is a thin strip of wood or composite material that runs through the center of the surfboard from nose to tail. It adds strength and helps control flex in the board.\n- Fins: Fins are usually made of composite materials such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, or a combination of both. They are attached to the bottom of the surfboard and help with stability, maneuverability, and control.\nIt's worth noting that there are alternative materials and construction methods being explored in surfboard manufacturing, including bio-based foams, recycled materials, and sustainable resins, as the industry strives to reduce its environmental impact.\nThe use of carbon fiber, basalt and kevlar have been explored over this time and some shapers and manufacturers use these materials exclusively as a point of difference but also as they believe in the superiority of the product.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.sgwasa.org/news/post/1488/", "date": "2020-09-26T20:43:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400245109.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926200523-20200926230523-00403.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8917629718780518, "token_count": 631, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__6686222", "lang": "en", "text": "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE\nButner, NC. September 4, 2020 — Congratulations to SGWASA Executive Director Scott Schroyer, Utilities Operations Director Fred Dancy and the dedicated SGWASA water treatment facility employees for once again achieving success in meeting the North Carolina Drinking Water Standards for Disinfection By Products (DBP). This marks not only 3 years without a DBP violation, but also 3 years of being among the best in the area in terms of DBP results.\nTo give our customers an idea of how SGWASA rates with others in our area, below are the 3rd quarter 2020 compliance test results. These results are compiled from the NC Drinking Water Watch website (https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/drinking-water/drinking-water-watch).\n|Agency||Maximum Contaminant Level Allowed (MG/L)||3rd Quarter Value (MG/L)||Maximum Contaminant Level Allowed (MG/L)||3rd Quarter Value (MG/L)|\n|City of Oxford||0.080||0.046||0.060||0.032|\n|Kerr Lake Regional||0.080||0.054||0.060||0.038|\n|City of Durham||0.080||0.041||0.060||0.031|\nMG/L = Milligrams per Liter\nWhat are DBP’s and TTHM’s?\nDBP’s: Disinfection by-products (DBPs), also called trihalomethanes, are formed when chlorine and bromine interact with natural organic materials in water, such as in chlorinated drinking water and chlorine-treated swimming pools. DBPs can be found in the air during activities such as showering, bathing, dishwashing, and swimming. DBPs do not build up in the environment.\nTTHM's: Trihalomethanes (THM) are a group of four chemicals that are formed along with other disinfection by products when chlorine or other disinfectants used to control microbial contaminants in drinking water react with naturally occurring organic and inorganic matter in water. The EPA regulates total trihalomethanes at a maximum allowable annual average level of 80 parts per billion (0.080 MG/L).\nSGWASA Executive Director Schroyer commented, “Consistently achieving low values quarter after quarter for the past three years to be in compliance with the EPA is excellent in terms of SGWASA providing quality drinking water to its customers.”\nThank you to everyone involved for keeping SGWASA among the best in our area.\nJimmy Gooch, SGWASA Board Chairman\nPlease stay up to date on this topic and other news topics by monitoring our website: www.sgwasa.org\nIssued: 9/4/20 by the South Granville Water and Sewer Authority\nScott N. Schroyer, Executive Director", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.honourhealth.co.uk/skin/spotlight-chemical-peels/", "date": "2021-12-06T09:09:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363290.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206072825-20211206102825-00581.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9190434813499451, "token_count": 928, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__1726315", "lang": "en", "text": "What is a Neostrata chemical peel?\nAt Honour Health, we use NeoStrata ProSystem – a highly effective, superficial peeling system that can only be used by medical skincare professionals, and that is clinically proven to achieve outstanding results in skincare.\nThe Neostrata ProSystem peeling system is a specific technique for skin renewal. It is used to help remove the top layer of damaged surface skin cells, revealing fresh skin cells that are smoother and brighter. The treatment also stimulates cell turnover and encourages collagen and elastin production in the deeper layers that plumps the skin.\nDo Neostrata chemical peels hurt?\nThe biggest misconception about this treatment is that chemical peels will burn the skin, leaving it sore, red and painful. With Neostrata ProSystem peels, you only experience some tingling – nothing more. These rejuvenating superficial peels are even gentler than traditional scrubs.\nWhat kind of acid is used?\nThe word ‘acid’ conjures up all sorts of images of burning skin – ouch! However, this is not the case with Neostrata chemical peels. They contain three alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs), which are naturally occurring ‘fruit acids’ found in fruits and other foods:\n- Glycolic Acid is found naturally in sugar cane\n- Citric Acid is found naturally in citrus fruits\n- Mandelic acid found naturally in almonds\nMany common skin problems are associated with the excess build up of dead skin cells that make the skin thick and dull, and may cause clogged pores. These AHAs help to loosen and remove these dead surface layers to exfoliate and smooth the skin.\nAt Honour Health, we introduce our patients to chemical peels with a rejuvenating 20% glycolic acid peel – and then step up the glycolic acid concentrations up to 35%, depending on the results our patients would like to achieve.\nWe also offer two targeted benefit peels, depending on the specific skin concerns our patients would like to address:\n- The Clarifying Peel combines glycolic acid with mandelic acid and is designed for oily, acne prone skin\n- The Brightening Peel combines glycolic acid with citric acid to help control the signs of pigmentation and sun damage\nWhat happens during the treatment?\nYour skin will be cleansed and prepared, and the Neostrata chemical peel will then be applied. You may experience a ‘tingling’ sensation while the peel is on your skin. Following this, the peel will be neutralised and aftercare products will be applied. We will also advise you about skincare products to use at home.\nHow will I look afterwards?\nNeostrata chemical peels are simple treatments with generally little or no downtime, and are often called ‘lunchtime treatments’ because patients can return straight to work afterwards with a healthy glow. Initially, your skin may appear red or a little ‘flushed’ and feel a little tight and sensitive. These are normal and expected results. You may notice that your skin feels rough over the next couple of days due to enhanced exfoliation, and it will be especially sensitive to UV light, so it is important to avoid sun exposure and use SPF factor 50 sun protection.\nWhat are the results?\nA chemical peel regimen can help to:\n- Diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles\n- Even skin tone\n- Reduce pore size\n- Improve skin tone and texture\n- Reduce the appearance of blemishes\n- Reduce the appearance of oily skin\n- Soften shallow acne scars\n- Increase skin glow or radiance\n- Help the skin appear healthier, plumper and firmer\nHow many peel treatments will I need?\nDepending on your skin concerns, we recommend a series of up to six peels, administered once every four to six weeks. Improvements with acne prone skin can occur between one – three peels, whilst deeper textural changes usually occur between four – six peels. More severe skin issues can take longer to improve.\nFind out more:\nBook a free, no obligation skin consultation at our Jesmond, Ponteland and Stanley practices to share your skin concerns or talk about any of our treatments.\nClaim a discount:\nOur patients receive 10% off all of our skin treatments, including Neostrata chemical peels, when they become members of our Honour Health Club.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://urbanaroma.com/what-is-decarboxylation-and-why-does-your-weed-need-it", "date": "2024-04-24T03:24:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818999.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424014618-20240424044618-00624.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9327511787414551, "token_count": 632, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__141553589", "lang": "en", "text": "In its raw plant form, the cannabis plant will not get you high. Try as you might, if you nibbled on some leaves or gnawed on some raw buds, sure, you’d be getting some great fresh terpene expression and some cannabinoids, but you definitely won’t be getting high, and you would reap few of the plant’s medicinal benefits. So how do cannabinoids go from mostly inactive molecular compounds to the powerhouses we know and love? A chemical reaction called decarboxylation – decarbing for short, or just plain ol’ “activating” – is to thank, and it’s an essential step in everything from smoking your favorite flower to making infused foods at home. Before decarbing, cannabinoids are in what’s known as an acid form – THCA and CBDA, for example – and these cannabinoids interact very weakly at the CB1 and CB2 receptors throughout the body. THC, however, has a high affinity for reacting at these receptor sites (CBD to a lesser degree), making the decarbing process key to unlocking the high you’re seeking from your bud. As decarbing occurs, cannabinoids release a carbon atom from their chains, converting THCA to THC, and allowing the cannabinoids to bind to the CB1 receptors. All of that science aside, in practice, decarbing happens every time you light your bowl, as heat initiates the reaction. This reaction is instantaneous during smoking, and by the time the cannabinoids enter your bloodstream, they’ve been converted to their active forms. Vaping and dabbing also utilize heat to activate cannabinoids in concentrates, and need to be decarbed to be activated.\nTips and Tricks for Decarbing Your CannabisWhile decarbing during vaping or smoking takes little more than the touch of a button or the flick of a Bic, edibles production requires a more fine-tuned and precise approach. There are several different ways to decarb for your at-home infusions, and we’ll explore those below, but first, a few key things to note:\n- You must decarb your weed before you make your infusion! Activating the CBD or THC in your flower before the infusion process is essential to make sure you’re getting the experience – and dosage – you expect. This goes for working with both flower and concentrates.\n- Time and temperature matter! While there is a lot of conflicting data about the exact best practices for activating cannabinoids, the general consensus is a slow and low heating process. Also, cannabinoids decarb fully at different temperatures! If you’re working with a high-CBD strain, for example, you’ll want to decarb your cannabis at a lower temperature to activate the CBD. Time and temperature best practices are the same for flower and concentrates.\n- Heating your cannabinoids too long will inactive the compounds and result in the oxidization into CBN, another cannabinoid we recognize as being sleep-inducing and from “old weed.”", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.platts.ru/price-assessments/petrochemicals/phenol-india", "date": "2017-04-26T06:10:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121165.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00295-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9419971704483032, "token_count": 894, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__243783767", "lang": "en", "text": "We assess phenol-acetone assessments on a weekly basis. In Asia, both phenol and acetone were historically assessed on a CFR China and CFR Southeast Asia basis but prices will now also be assessed on a CFR India basis to capture higher spot market liquidity.\nPhenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a white crystalline solid, which has been historically produced through the oxidation of 1-methylethylbenzene, commonly called cumene, which is made from benzene. Starting with benzene and propene, the whole process includes three steps, with the only other major product being 2-propanone or acetone. Derivatives of phenol include phenolic resins, bisphenol-A (BPA), caprolactam, adipic acid.\nAcetone, also sometimes known as 2-propanone or dimethyl ketone is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals. Acetone is primarily used in the production of commercial products such as acrylic plastics, which are used for glazing, signs, lighting fixtures and displays. Acetone is also used in conjunction with phenol in the production of BPA.\nThe Platts Phenol India assessment is available alongside other key global petrochemical prices in these services.\nWeekly CFR India assessments are based on latest information sourced from the market up to the close of the assessment window at 4:30 pm Singapore time (0830 GMT) every Tuesday.\nPlatts considers trade and trade indications for phenol ASTM D2439-96, normalized to the Platts standard cargoes for assessment purposes.\nSpot price assessments reflect a spot cargo size between 500 mt and 2,000 mt for delivery 15-30 days forward from date of publication, delivered to JNPT, Kandla and Hazira. Payment terms are by letter of credit 30-90 days, with applicable anti-dumping duty, or ADD, of up to $90/mt, normalized according to Platts standards.\nSimilarly Platts considers for assessment purposes acetone ASTMD329, normalized to the Platts standard.\nSpot price assessments reflect a spot cargo size between 500 mt and 1,000 mt for delivery 15-30 days forward from date of publication to Mumbai, Kandla, Hazira and Vizag. Payment terms are by letter of credit 30-90 days, with applicable anti-dumping duty, or ADD, of up to $80/mt, normalized according to Platts standards.\nThe CFR China phenol and the CFR China acetone assessments were launched on 16 May 2006 as were the CFR Southeast Asia phenol and acetone assessments.\nOver the last few years, India's demand for phenol has surged. However, domestic supply has not kept pace with India's rising solvents' consumption. Constraints over feedstock propylene, lack of adequate infrastructure and the fact that many mega-scale plants aren't integrated with downstream facilities has impeded the startup of new solvents plants in India. Just two solvents producers -- Hindustan Organic Chemicals and SI Group India-- operate in India at present.\nBut with domestic manufacturers owning a capacity well below the global scale, solvents imports have reached well over 80% of India's consumption, making it a prominent importer in the international market.\nMeanwhile, China’s import dependency is already slowing and could slump further due to rising self-sufficiency on the back of new plants start ups in 2015. In 2015, Shanghai Sinopec Mitsui Chemicals, CEPSA Quimica and Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp. brought new plants online. The three plants, which have a combined phenol production capacity of 800,000 mt/year, have raised the country's total production capacity to around 2.5 million mt.\nIncreased supply amid steady domestic demand means that China is likely to increasingly target India due to lucrative prices in the Indian market.\nPlatts Phenol India assessment can be accessed in the following Platts services:\nMumbai Commodity Market Insights Forum\nSeoul Commodity Market Insights Forum 2017\nAromatics Methodology Forum\n7th Annual NGLs Conference and 5th Annual Petrochemical Seminar\nTraining & Events – Petrochemicals\nPlatts Market On Close Video", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.wenaikong.com/32696.html", "date": "2020-04-08T11:37:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371813538.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408104113-20200408134613-00195.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7634614109992981, "token_count": 1084, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__124236688", "lang": "en", "text": "Some of the pictures used in this article are from the Internet\nAccess to clean water is crucial for every family. We all need water for drinking, cooking, and for other purposes such as bathing, brushing, and washing. Clean water not only makes life more comfortable. It likewise preserves human health.\nThen, questions come:\nCan the tap water we use in China meet our standard?\nIf not, how can we get acccess to clean water?\nThe tap water in China is considered relatively safe. In the past years, the water quality improved significantly due to several reasons.\nNonetheless，you might still have or notice some of the following symptoms about the tap water and naturally think that it’s not so clean.\nWater looks yellow, smells bad or tastes weird.\nHair is discolored, brittle or losing volume after being washed by the tap water.\nSkin is dry, itchy or even with eczema.\nEyes become itchy or red after showers or baths.\nWell, for these syptoms, following points will explain.\nElement No. 17 on the Periodic Table of Elements, has multiple applications. It is often used to kill bacteria and sanitize germs. Chlorine is globally used to disinfect water. But it’s more and heavily used here in China due to the severe pollution and government’s requirement. Excessive chlorine does the harm. Exposed to an excessive amount of Chlorine may affect your digestive system and may cause skin and hair problems.\nDespite the fact that the quality of water source has improved, and treatments are adopted for the tap water. However, different levels of pollution still exist due to water transportation and other reasons. There mainly these kinds of pollutants in the tap water.\nParticles, such as dust, dirt.\nBacteria, such as micro-organisms or germs\nHardness is another concern you need to pay attention to. It influences the shower experiences and affects the electrical appliances. The hard particles inside will stain the glasses and taps and also make the clothes cleaned not soft.\nPlastic pipes are supposed to be a good alternative for the old rusty ones buried many years ago which causes part of the secondary pollution for the tap water. However, there are enough reports about the disqualified and poisonous PPR pipes which are just questionable.\nGenerally, the tap water in China is safe but can’t meet the standard of clean water. But the good news is that there are many options for clean water.\nDue to the more advanced treatment techniques, bottled water is generally safer and much cleaner than boiled tap water. Even for some bottled water, some minerals are added, which makes the bottled water healthier and more palatable. Bottled water also comes in different volumes, like 500mL in small bottles and 19L in big jugs available to meet different needs. Bottled water has brought so much convenience and peaceful mind for consumers.\nDespite the advantages mentioned, each of these choices also have their own negative points. many people are taking an issue about water bottles being environmental hazards because they are hard to recycle and they eventually end up stagnant in garbage areas. Many groups across the world are clamoring for a ban for bottled water products.\nWhat’s more, bottled water just can cover your part of water supply for your family. When it comes to cleaning and showering, bottled water seems not so practical.\nIt’s basically the same water from your faucet but better and healthier.With the use of a good drinking water filtration system, water is purified by removing bacteria, pesticide, and other unnecessary elements without sacrificing quality. Many experts are hailing it as the better, healthier alternative to bottled water。\nAccording to your different needs, different point of use filters can be added on your tap to make sure the water you use for drinking, cooking, bathing, brushing, and washing is always clean.\nAdvantages of Using Filtered Water\nSave on water expenses\nYou get to save money since you wouldn’t have to buy expensive bottled water anymore.\nSince your water is safer and your family is healthier, you will spend less on medicines prescribed for waterborne diseases.\nYou prevent 2100 various toxins that are likely present in dirty tap water from entering your body. Your kidneys will have more energy to function properly in detoxifying your body if you drink filtered tap water.\nBe more attractive\nClean water will make you beautiful inside and out. Your hair will look shinier, your skin will be softer, and your nail will be healthier – all because of the absence of chlorine in your water.\nThe contaminants and other bacteria in unfiltered water may change the taste of your food. As you use clean water in washing and cooking your food, its natural taste is preserved.\nFiltered water is definitely the right pick for the entire family. All these advantages are for you to grab so don’t even think twice. You will experience the big difference and the best thing here is that you wouldn’t have to spend a fortune for it.\nYou might also be interested in 读完本文你可能会感兴趣的文章：", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://manitounutrition.ca/how-to-fight-unhealthy-air-pollution-eat-your-broccoli/", "date": "2023-12-06T14:20:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00514.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9397122859954834, "token_count": 1133, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__134145400", "lang": "en", "text": "How to fight unhealthy air pollution? Eat your broccoli\nIf you live in a region with lots of air pollution, you might not always breathe easy. So it might help to sit back, relax and enjoy a helping or two of broccoli.\nBetter yet, have a stiff cup of broccoli-sprout tea.\nIt might not be the advice you expect to protect yourself from pollution.\nBut a study that Thomas Kensler and his team began at Johns Hopkins University and completed at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that a molecule generated during broccoli consumption, and with higher concentrations found in broccoli-sprout tea, helps purge the body of air-pollution toxins, including carcinogenic benzene. The molecule works rapidly and with staying power.\nAnd neither a broccoli-laden diet nor a gallon of tea is necessary.\nA daily cup of the sprout tea or two small helpings totaling 150 grams of broccoli can help rid toxic pollutants from the body, the study found. The vegetable from the cabbage family, often described as a superfood, provides fiber, vitamins K and C and other nutrients, such as the one that eliminates toxins from the body. That’s what makes it a widely recommended addition to any diet.\nBenzene is a known human carcinogen and lung irritant, according to the study published online recently in the journal Cancer Prevention Research. “Thus, intervention with broccoli sprouts enhances (detoxification) of some airborne pollutants,” with expected reductions in health risks from pollution that raises the risk of lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases.\nThe study focuses on the molecule glucoraphanin in broccoli that, when chewed or crushed, produces sulforaphane, which is known to help prevent cancer. Glucoraphanin levels are significantly higher in broccoli stems and seeds than in the mature vegetable itself.\nThe International Agency for Research on Cancer recently classified air pollution and particulate matter from air pollution as carcinogenic to humans, with outdoor air-pollution levels in China among the world’s highest. The research team led by Kensler, who holds a Ph.D. in toxicology and serves as assistant professor at Pitt’s medical school, recruited 291 people from a rural area of Qidong in the Yangtze River delta region, 50 miles north of Shanghai, to participate in the study. That region “is the fastest growing economic development area of China,” the study says. Pollution levels there are steadily in the unhealthy range with fairly common surges into the very unhealthy and even hazardous range a pollution level that only rarely occurs nowadays in more polluted areas of the United States.\n“Air pollution from expanding industrialization in this region masks the horizon on many days, especially during the winter months. Increases in fossil fuels use in China’s industry, transport and residential sectors have resulted in a steep increase in emissions,” the study states.\nDuring the 12-week human clinical trial, those in the control group drank a beverage produced commercially for the study to guarantee dosage levels comprising bottled water, pineapple and lime juice while the beverage for the treatment group additionally included a dissolved freeze-dried powder made from broccoli sprouts that contained glucoraphanin and sulforaphane. Urine and blood samples collected throughout the trial were tested to measure and compare air-pollution toxin levels excreted from the bodies of study participants from both groups.\nThe research team found that those receiving the broccoli-sprout beverage experienced an excretion rate of benzene 61 percent higher than the control group did, beginning the first day of the trial and continuing throughout the 12-week period. The rate of excretion of another airborne pollutant, the nose and throat irritant acrolein, “rapidly and durably” increased 23 percent for the treatment group, compared with the control group, during the course of the trial.\nFurther analysis by investigators found that sulforaphane may be protective by activating a signaling molecule, NRF2, which elevates a cell’s capacity to adapt to and survive a broad range of environmental toxins. “This strategy may also be effective for some contaminants in water and food,” the study concludes.\nParticulate matter poses significant health risks to the public, especially fine particulates known as PM 2.5, which are so small that they are inhaled deep into the lungs. But a recent European study found that particulate matter, irrespective of particle size, contributes to lung-cancer incidence. Such particles include heavy metals, carcinogenic hydrocarbons and volatile organic chemicals that include benzene and aldehydes, which increase the risk of lung cancer.\nBased on the study, broccoli provides a “frugal, simple and safe means” to reduce long-term health risks associated with pollution, the study states. Next the team plans to evaluate optimal dosage levels and consumption frequency of the broccoli sprout beverage in the same region of China.\n“Dr. Kensler is a superb scientist and he has strong evidence that broccoli’s constituents can help detoxify carcinogens and toxins and enhance their elimination from the body,” said Gary Stoner, a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin whose research focus includes cancer prevention. “This is excellent science.”\n(c)2014 Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\nVisit the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette at http://www.post-gazette.com\nDistributed by MCT Information Services", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.articsteel.com/", "date": "2023-03-27T22:53:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948708.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327220742-20230328010742-00007.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8910635113716125, "token_count": 264, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__230657545", "lang": "en", "text": "Artic Steel Industries\nWe manufactured flange, elbow, tee, reduction, reducers, caps, cross, stub end/lap joint, forged fitting materials for oil and natural gas pipelines, refinery and petrochemical facilities, nuclear power and electricity production plants, refinement and extrication plants, dams and hydroelectric power plants and shipbuilding industry.\nArtic Steel Industries has a capacity of fulfilling all the demands of the sector through the manufacture of carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, high nickel alloys, Inconel, Monel, alloy 20, copper-nickel and specific steel groups.\nWe ensure that the quality standards are met. Hence, as per customers requirement, we supply products of standard quality after going through various checking, testing, inspection & certification process.\nAll the material used for Manufacturing of fittings are tested for chemical & mechanical properties. They are identified & fully traceable from raw material stage to final product.\nThe system controls the quality of all incoming materials as per the raw material test certificate. Randomly checking in each size for chemical and physical properties at Government approved laboratory.\nArtic Steel maintains strict dimensional standards by inspecting and testing equipmentwith strict adherence to the quality manual. All our finished material is inspected for quality after the first piece of a production.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://saferef.in/welding-vs-brazing-understanding-the-crucial-differences/", "date": "2023-09-29T20:36:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510528.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929190403-20230929220403-00557.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8900834321975708, "token_count": 479, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__182630953", "lang": "en", "text": "Welding: Melting the Base Metal Welding is a fusion process that involves melting the base metal of the components being joined, along with the addition of a filler metal. This creates a strong and permanent bond by essentially merging the materials together. During welding, heat is applied to the base metals until they reach their melting points, allowing them to mix and form a solid joint.\nKey Points about Welding:\n- Requires high temperatures to melt base metals.\n- Filler metal is added to strengthen the joint.\n- Typically used for joining similar metals.\n- High heat input may cause distortion in thin materials.\nBrazing: Preserving the Base Metal Integrity Brazing, on the other hand, is a process that doesn’t involve melting the base metal. Instead, it relies on capillary action to draw a filler metal into the joint interface, creating a strong bond without compromising the integrity of the base materials. The base metals remain solid during brazing, allowing for less heat stress and distortion.\nKey Points about Brazing:\n- Lower temperatures than welding, preventing base metal melting.\n- Capillary action draws filler metal into the joint.\n- Ideal for joining dissimilar metals.\n- Reduces heat-related distortion, making it suitable for delicate materials.\nChoosing Between Welding and Brazing:\nThe decision to use welding or brazing depends on several factors, including the type of materials, joint strength requirements, and the intended application. Welding is often preferred for heavy-duty applications where maximum joint strength is essential, but it may not be suitable for delicate or dissimilar materials due to the higher heat input.\nBrazing, on the other hand, is an excellent choice for situations where the base metals have different melting points, or when minimizing heat-related distortion is crucial. It’s commonly used for applications like HVAC&R systems, jewelry, and electronics manufacturing.\nIn the ongoing debate of welding versus brazing, the key differentiator lies in the way they join metal components. Welding involves melting the base metal, while brazing relies on capillary action to draw in the filler metal without melting the base materials. Understanding these distinctions empowers you to make informed decisions when selecting the right joining method for your specific project, ensuring optimal results and durability.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://allaboutyeast.mystrikingly.com/blog/guides-for-selecting-the-best-yeast-strain", "date": "2022-05-22T08:41:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662545090.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220522063657-20220522093657-00197.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.949321985244751, "token_count": 495, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__27888881", "lang": "en", "text": "Whatever you are brewing will determine the type of yeast you will choose. Most of these yeast strains are named according to the purpose they are meant for, and thus it can be somehow easy for one to get the yeast strain they want. But at the same time, you should not be fully dependent on the name of the yeast; there are indicators which you must also look into. The factors below should be considered when selecting yeast. Click on this link for more.\nCheck the attenuation of the yeast. Your preference will determine the attenuation levels of the yeast you want to buy. The attenuation refers to the sugars that the said yeast can ferment. Hydrometers are used to measure the attenuation levels of the yeast. One should know that their beer style affects the yeast type they want and its attenuation percentage.\nThere are yeast strains which always drop to the bottom of the fermenter after fermentation. The degree to which the yeast cells drop to the bottom after clumping together is called flocculation. There are yeast strains which do not form these chunks but remain in suspension which means they have low flocculation. Such strains bring the necessity of refrigerating the beer to separate the yeast from the beer. It is therefore advisable to buy yeast strain which flocculates appropriately to meet the needs of your beer.\nThere are conditions under which a certain type of yeast can work properly. Alcohol levels can affect the performance of the yeast and therefore the need to check the alcohol tolerance of the yeast. One must, therefore, know the alcohol levels and thus select the yeast strain which can survive beyond this estimated alcohol levels which will prevent straining of the yeast when preparing beer. Discover more on this article.\nYeast work under a certain pressure. The temperature range is, therefore, another factor to be looked into. Look at the temperature levels under which a certain strain can work well. But the results of fermentation can be affected by the temperatures under which your yeast is working. You should, therefore, know the temperature range under which the yeast can work well. Know that the temperature levels will affect the flavor profile of your beer. Go for the yeast which can achieve your needs.\nSource your yeast from the right stores. Go for the stores which are known to avail quality products. This will affect the outcome of your beer. Learn more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker%27s_yeast.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.winter-creation.com/en/like-leather/micropore/micropore/", "date": "2013-05-22T01:39:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701063060/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104423-00097-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8250174522399902, "token_count": 249, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__145332840", "lang": "en", "text": "Probably one of the most authentic Leather-like product, based on PU, for interior design. Wonderfully soft to touch. This imitation leather offers warm and pleasant seating comfort. It is easy to clean, economical and flawless. Just feel the sample and you will instantly be impressed by the superb properties of micropore®, that is flame retardant and extremely hard wearing, withstanding over 100,000 abrasion cycles and offering a hydrolysis resistance of 10 years. This together with good light- and colour fastness as well as resistance to alcohol makes micropore® durable and easy to disinfect.\n· Premium category imitation leather\n· Easy and economical workability\n· Custom made requirements (structure and colour) can be supplied from only 500 metres\n· Suitable for upholstering chairs, armchairs, benches, sofa, etc.\n· Resstance to hydrolysis 10 years\n· Minimum width 137cm\nAll the above data represents average values. Subject to changes. Test certificates available upon request.\n|Rolls in m|\n|Width in cm|\n|Resistance to rubbing (dry)|\n|Resistance to rubbing (wet)|\n|Classification flame retardent|", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/record/9200104/B0F0850D1DACE35BB957B40B9DA5452AAD90AE09.html", "date": "2017-02-23T16:26:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171176.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00046-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8919628262519836, "token_count": 204, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__120596654", "lang": "en", "text": "- Photomicrograph of thin section of agate/quartz crystal. Agate is a type of quartz found in a variety of rock but characteristically associated with volcanic rock. Due to the way in which they were formed, agate rock often displays either an regimented banding pattern - formed from the layers of siliceous deposits, or a fluid pattern formed from water containing silica and filling cavities within the molten mass. Agate is often used in ornamental items but due to its hardness and resistance to acid it has also been used historically to make pestles and mortars to crush and mix chemicals. Vibrant colours result from imaging with crossed polars.\n- Sept 2010\nFirst published in Europeana:\nLast updated in Europeana:\nAdditional rights information\n- Spike Walker, Wellcome Images\n- Copyrighted work available under Creative Commons by-nc-nd 4.0, see http://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/page/Prices.html", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://pacificiaq.com/other-air-quality-services", "date": "2013-05-25T02:06:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705318091/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115518-00083-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9229704737663269, "token_count": 566, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__37913446", "lang": "en", "text": "Other Air Quality Services\nReal Estate Investigations\nThere’s a huge difference between a home inspector and an environmental consultant. Home inspectors play an important role in the buying and selling process, but they generally don’t have the education, training or experience to evaluate a home for mold.\nThe real estate industry has been begging for a low cost microbial investigation that’s both comprehensive and quick. Pacific IAQ now offers a real estate package that includes the microbial investigation, where we inspect the property for visible evidence of water intrusion and microbial growth, as well as air sampling. The real estate package is identical to our standard mold investigation, without the remediation map or protocol. If at some point your buyer would like to have a protocol, we can provide everything they need.\nVolatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s)\nIndoor air quality (IAQ) professionals are challenged with selecting the appropriate indoor sampling and analysis methods. Indoor air can be very complex, with up to 300 individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprising a typical indoor air sample. Many VOCs are typically found in indoor air and their sources include building materials, furnishings, floor coverings, wall coverings, paints and stains, copiers and printers, and outdoor air.\nPacific IAQ offers VOC analysis methods based on USEPA protocols. Using a mass spectral database of more than 120,000 individual compounds. Pacific IAQ can provide the following analysis:\n- Total VOCs with All Individual VOCs\n- Total VOCs with Top 20 Individual VOCs\n- Microbial VOCs (MVOCs)\nMycologists traditionally rely on direct microscopic examination to quantify and identify mold in air and surface samples. Speciation of molds is a skilled and labor-intensive task, even for the most experienced mycologists, and the “human element” can be subjective.\nThe traditional spore-trap analysis provides quantitative and qualitative analysis to the genus level (ex. Fusarium sp.) but cannot distinguish between Aspergillus and Penicillium.\nResearch conducted at the US-EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory has provided an alternative to traditional microscope-based analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a fast and accurate DNA-based analytical method for identifying and quantifying molds to the species level.\nqPCR has a limit of detection (LOD) of one spore per sample, but can still accurately quantify millions of spores per sample. In the instance of water intrusion, accurate and rapid speciation and measurement are crucial to an effective risk assessment. qPCR analysis provides quantitative and qualitative analysis down to the species level (ex. Aspergillus niger).", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.heico-nails.com/en/news/details/improvement-of-the-corrosion-resistance-of-heico-lock-stainless-steel-wedge-lock-washers/", "date": "2023-12-03T16:26:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203161435-20231203191435-00559.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8966310620307922, "token_count": 141, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__14376456", "lang": "en", "text": "Improvement of the corrosion resistance of HEICO-LOCK® stainless steel wedge lock washers\nThe corrosion resistance of HEICO-LOCK® Wedge Lock Washers made from stainless steel has been considerably increased by an optimization of our internal processes.\nIn neutral salt spray tests according to DIN EN ISO 9227, the HEICO-LOCK® stainless steel wedge lock washers withstood at least 1,200 hours.\nA corrosion quick test as part of the incoming goods inspection process also ensures consistent, high delivery quality.\nCoating systems with a corrosion resistance of at least 1,000 hours are also available on request for HEICO-LOCK® Wedge Lock Washers made from steel.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.sgplywood.com/epoxy-fiberglass-cloth-customized-parts/57719020.html", "date": "2020-10-21T18:49:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107877420.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20201021180646-20201021210646-00151.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8808903098106384, "token_count": 885, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__180712274", "lang": "en", "text": "|Payment Type:||L/C,T/T,D/P,Paypal,Money Gram,Western Union|\n|Terms of Trade:||FOB,CFR,CIF,EXW,FCA|\n|Min. Order:||1000 Kilogram|\n|Delivery Time:||15 Days|\n|Place of Origin:||China|\n|Supply Ability:||500 tons / year|\nEpoxy Glass Cloth Insulation Sheet\nEpoxy Fiberglass Part is woven fiberglass soaked in an epoxy resin and then compressed and baked. It is very dense, lightweight, and impervious to water. The advantages of this material:\nStrong, stiff, tough and durable\nExcellent dielectric strength\nHeat and water resistant\nCorrosion and chemical resistant\nGood mechanical strength\nExcellent wear properties\nGood dimensional stability\nLow moisture absorption\nExcellent creep resistance\nJY Machinery has sufficient stock of the fiberglass epoxy sheet due to its widely applications, to meet fast delivery for our clients\nThis product is a customized product, not a spot product. If you need a spot, please purchase this connection.\nRegular thickness: 0.1mm--50mm, please contact me if you need other thickness or other dimensions (in addition, you can set the thickness of 50MM-150MM, you need to provide design drawings)\nThe 3240 epoxy laminate has a smooth surface, no air bubbles, no pits and wrinkles, but allows for other defects that do not affect the use, such as: scratches, indentations, stains and small spots. The edges should be cut neatly and the end faces must be free of delamination and cracks.\nExecutive standard: GB/T1303.1-1998.\nTemperature rating: Class B\nColor: natural (yellow), green, etc.\nCharacteristics: The cured epoxy resin system has excellent mechanical properties, high strength at medium temperature, and good electrical stability under high humidity.\nElectrical: The cured epoxy resin system is an excellent insulating material with high dielectric properties, surface leakage resistance and arc resistance.\nUses: Suitable for mechanical, electrical, electronic, electrical and other fields. Also used for the processing of insulating parts, processing into various types of insulating parts and equipment insulation structural parts.\nThe reaction of the epoxy resin and the curing agent used is carried out by a direct addition reaction or a ring-opening polymerization reaction of an epoxy group in a resin molecule, without the release of water or other volatile by-products. They exhibit very low shrinkage (less than 2%) during curing compared to unsaturated polyester resins and phenolic resins.\nYingkou Dongyuan Electrical Insulation Wide Plate Co., Ltd. is located in China (Liaoning) Free Trade Pilot Zone. The factory covers an area of 17,000 square meters, with more than 100 employees and fixed assets of 40 million yuan. The company's main products are: Electrical Laminated Wood, insulation boards (3240 epoxy board, 3021 cardboard, 3025 cotton cloth board, 9309 low dielectric loss cardboard Etc.), laminated wood insulation parts (compression rings, clips, round rods, screw nuts, pads, pallets, support frames, fasteners and other finished products in various shapes) and other insulating materials. It owns 32 sets of main production equipment including 8000 ton press, 6000 ton press, 5000 ton press, gluing machine, etc. After many years of hard work, the company has completed the original accumulation and the equipment renovation, and has newly developed the nation's largest board ( 4000mm × 2000mm, 3000mm × 1500mm, 2700mm × 2700mm ...), filling the domestic gap and setting a record for the large format of the insulation board. Its products have passed the national ISO quality management system certification and have the only large-scale all-metal detector in China. The products are applied to various power distribution systems and components such as transformers, switch cabinets, and motors. The company adheres to the credibility of the first, quality first, continues to work on the development of insulation materials products, consolidate the leading position in the market, and strive to provide users with the best service.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.vitaminworld.com/vitamin-c-hyaluronic-acid-0070040347.html?cgid=SHOPBYBRAND_WHITEEGRET", "date": "2017-11-21T19:34:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806422.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121185236-20171121205236-00738.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7080690264701843, "token_count": 372, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__8656164", "lang": "en", "text": "Vitamin C Hyaluronic Acid\nVitamin C Hyaluronic Acid contains over 72 ionic sea minerals to firm, exfoliate, brighten and protect skin. Formulated with Vitamin C and sea minerals to hydrate and firm the skin's surface and beautify the skin. Apply over face and neck in the morning before applying makeup. Apply in upward motion until cream is absorbed into the skin.\nGMO-free, paraben-free, gluten-free, sulfate-free, cruelty-free, and 100% vegan.\n2 oz. cream.\nManufactured by: White Egret\nDirections: Apply Vitamin C Hyaluronic Acid over face and neck in the morning before applying makeup. Apply in an upward circular motion until absorbed into the skin. Formulated with Vitamin C and sea minerals from ConcenTrace to hydrate and firm the skin's surface and beautify the skin.\nIngredients: Water (Aqua), Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (Vitamin C), Capric/Caprylic Triglyceride, Carthamus Tincotrius (Safflower) Oil, Cetyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Stearyl Alcohol, ConcenTrace Mineral Complex Blend, Xanthan Gum, Panthenol, Allantoin, Cetearyl Glucoside, Glyceryl Stearate, Glyceryl Stearate SE, Glyceryl Stearate Citrate, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E), Sodium Hyaluronate, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Retinyl Palmitate (Vitamin A) Potassium Sorbate, Caramel, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylexylglycerin, Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.vulcorp.com/", "date": "2017-04-25T00:49:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120001.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00037-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9417046904563904, "token_count": 118, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__202088618", "lang": "en", "text": "Vulcan Corporation: Rubber and Foam Products\nVulcan Corporation is a rubber and foam manufacturing facility housing 272,000 square feet of manufacturing space with a total mixing capacity exceeding 50,000,000 pounds annually. Located in Clarksville, Tennessee, we are committed to product quality, on-time delivery, superior customer service and competitive pricing. Follow the links on the left to learn more about what we can do to meet your rubber and foam product needs.\nVulcan's on-site research and testing laboratory is a U.S. Government approved rubber testing facility.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.genetrack.ca/estradiol/", "date": "2023-12-06T02:15:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100575.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206000253-20231206030253-00402.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.80863356590271, "token_count": 842, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__313702152", "lang": "en", "text": "Test ID: A858\nEstradiol (E2) is a hormone naturally produced in both genders, with much higher levels in females. Estradiol is essential for female reproductive health, and also plays important functions in the male reproductive system, skeletal system, skin health, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Abnormal estradiol levels can affect fertility, sex drive, muscle and bone mass, growth, and skin health.\nHow to order a test\nWhat is Included?\nMeasurement of estradiol levels by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.\n1 – 3 business days\nThe turnaround time is not guaranteed. The average turnaround time is 1 – 3 business days from the date that the sample arrives at the laboratory. Shipping time for the sample is not included. Additional time is required if the case requires confirmatory or reflex testing, or if the sample is insufficient, or if a recollection is required.\nAdditional Information and Resources\nFertility testing in females: Samples should be collected on the third day of the menstrual cycle (third day of menstruation) for optimum results.\nPreparation Before Specimen Collection\n50 μL in a microtainer\nMicrotainer (regular blood tube)\nThis test requires a blood sample from a finger prick. All supplies for sample collection are provided in the kit.\n- First wash and dry hands. Warm hands aid in blood collection.\n- Clean the finger prick site with the alcohol swab and allow to air dry.\n- Use the provided lancet to puncture the skin in one quick, continuous and deliberate stroke.\n- Wipe away the first drop of blood.\n- Massage hand and finger to increase blood flow to the puncture site. Angle arm and hand downwards to facilitate blood collection on the fingertip.\n- Drip blood into the microtainer tube.\n- Dispose of all sharps safely and return sample to the laboratory in the provided prepaid return shipping envelope.\nNOTES: Avoid squeezing or ‘milking’ the finger excessively. If more blood is required and blood flow stops, perform a second skin puncture on another finger. Do not touch the fingertip.\nMaintain specimen at temperatures between 2°C and 30°C during storage and transport.\nBlood samples can be refrigerated or kept at room temperature for up to 7 days.\nCauses for Rejection\n- Incorrect or incomplete patient identification\n- Incorrect specimen collection\n- Inappropriate storage and transport conditions\n- Incorrect specimen volume\nTo measure estradiol levels in a blood sample to aid in the investigation of fertility and hormonal changes around menopause, for the support of in vitro fertilization, and to aid in the investigation of hormone levels in males.\n- This report is not intended for use in medico-legal applications.\n- These results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical information.\n- Correct specimen collection and handling is required for optimal assay performance.\n- Assay interference may occur in specimens from individuals routinely exposed to animals or to animal serum products. Additional clinical or diagnostic information may be required for these specimens.\n- Estradiol results obtained from different assay methods cannot be used interchangeably in serial testing.\n- Estradiol levels fluctuate throughout each menstrual cycle in reproductive age females, so the timing of sample collection may influence the interpretation of the estradiol level.\nChemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Alinity i Estradiol assay)\nNormal menstruating females\n– Follicular phase: 20 – 350 pg/mL\n– Mid-cycle: 150 – 750 pg/mL\n– Luteal phase: 30 – 450 pg/mL\nPostmenopausal females: ≤ 20 pg/mL\nMales: 10 – 50 pg/mL\nThese reference ranges were obtained from Pagana KD, Pagana TJ, Pagana TN. Mosby’s Diagnostic & Laboratory Test Reference. 15th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier; 2021.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.energyglobe.info/awards/details/awdid/7667/", "date": "2018-03-23T04:49:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648178.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323044127-20180323064127-00243.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.953224241733551, "token_count": 269, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__53805983", "lang": "en", "text": "Submitted by: Subsea Industries\nImplemented country: Belgium\nTitle: Ecospeed coating for ship hulls\nEcospeed is an environmentally friendly, economically viable, non-toxic coating for ship hulls. Most ships in the world constantly leach poisons into the water from the paint that is applied to their hulls. This kills marine life and prevents it from attaching to the hull – so increasing the ship’s speed. However, it has untold consequences for the marine environment and as toxic paint quickly deteriorates it needs to be repainted every 2-5 years. Ecospeed is 100% environmentally friendly. The coating will last the lifetime of the vessel, around 25 years, and is guaranteed for 10. Repainting the ship’s hull every few years will be completely eliminated (and also prevent the toxic waste generated when old noxious paints are removed and new layers applied every few years). In addition, Ecospeed improves the ship’s hydrodynamic properties, which in turn cuts fuel consumption by up to 10% (and therefore also reduces CO2 and other atmospheric emissions). Furthermore, this coating provides a high level of corrosion protection and thus reduces expensive maintenance costs. Financial and ecological benefits go hand in hand making this a viable solution to a major problem in the shipping world.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://garterblue.com.au/what-is-the-difference-bicarb-soda-baking-powder/", "date": "2021-06-13T19:52:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487610841.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210613192529-20210613222529-00418.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9459620118141174, "token_count": 820, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__96892833", "lang": "en", "text": "What are they and can I substitute one for the other?\nYou will often see Bicarb soda as an ingredient in baked products and often bakers wonder if it is the same as Baking Powder, Bicarbonate of Soda or Baking Soda. Let me shed a bit more light on this to reduce the confusion.\nSo what is Bicarb Soda?\nIt is the shortened nick-name for Sodium Bicarbonate and is also commonly known as Baking Soda, Sodium Bicarb, Bicarb and Bicarbonate of Soda. It is not the same as Baking Powder – I will discuss this further in this post.\nIt is known as Food additive E500.\nBaking uses Bi Carb Soda:\nBi Carb Soda is widely used as a leavening agent when baking where it creates bubbles when it reacts with wet acidic ingredients. This causes the rising of cake, bread and pancake batters as carbon dioxide is released. The acidic ingredients that react with bicarb soda are lemon juice, vinegar, yoghurt, cream of tartar, cocoa, pumpkin, honey and buttermilk.\nBi carb soda also reacts to heat as a raising agent, producing carbon dioxide above 80°C (180°F) but when used in this way by itself, can create a soapy taste if too much is used and produce a yellow coloured product. Bi Carb soda creates a unique texture that cannot be achieved with baking powder so it has specific uses in certain types of recipes.\nAlways sift bicarb soda before adding to your recipe as it can difficult to measure exactly as it can become lumpy due to any exposure to moisture.\nSo what is Baking Powder?\nBaking Powder is also a raising agent for baking. It contains approx. 30% bicarb soda and is combined with acids, cream of tartar and cornflour, which activated with water acts as a raising agent without further liquid acids being added to the recipe.\nHow do I make my own or substitute:\n- Make your own Baking Powder – by mixing 2 parts cream of tartar with 1 part bicarb soda.\n- Substitute 2 -3 teaspoons of baking powder for 1 teaspoon of Bicarb soda in recipes.\nTIP: If you use this substitute for Baking Powder, it will activate as soon as it comes into contact with wet ingredients and will need to be mixed into your mixture immediately.\nHOW DO I STORE IT?\nStore both Bicarb Soda and Baking Powder in a dry, cool place. Bicarb can last for a very long time where as Baking powder last up to a year. Always check the use by dates on the containers before using.\nHOW TO TEST IF THEY ARE STILL GOOD TO USE?\nBicarb Soda – Mix a little with vinegar and if it bubbles it is still fresh enough to use. Do this carefully over the sink as it can cause quite a foaming reaction.\nBaking Powder – Mix with a little water. It will become foamy if fresh enough to use. Otherwise throw them out.\nOTHER USES for Bi Carb Soda:\nBicarb soda is often used to tenderize meats and can be added to crumbing for fried foods to enhance crispiness and reduce the crumbs from cimg away from the meat in the frier.\nI have used Bicarb soda for many years to clean and reduce musty smells as well as an emergency deodorant when I’ve run out or forgotten to use any.\nThere are so many other non cooking uses for bicarb soda such as unclogging drains, getting crayon marks off walls, scuff marks off floors, there are just too many to go through here. I will aim to do another post on those soon.\nSources for inspiration: Wikipedia; Best Recipes.com.au; realsimple.com; thespruceeats.com; ThoughtCo.com", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://nutrition10.com/2023/09/15/how-to-have-softer-towels-whiter-garments-and-better-smelling-vinegar/", "date": "2024-02-27T09:12:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474674.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227085429-20240227115429-00199.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.865809440612793, "token_count": 439, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__18748950", "lang": "en", "text": "The Amazing Benefits of Vinegar in Your Laundry:\nReviving Colors: Ever noticed how some clothes lose their vibrant look after a few washes? Vinegar dives deep into fabric fibers, removing the grime and making colors pop again.\nDetergent’s Best Friend: Just a 100 ml addition of vinegar can amplify your detergent’s cleaning prowess.\nMother Nature’s Fabric Softener: Avoid the chemicals in store-bought softeners. Pour a bit of vinegar in your washing machine’s fabric softener compartment for soft-as-a-cloud clothes. And no, your clothes won’t smell like salad; they’ll have a fresh, light scent instead.\nBanish Those Sweat Stains: Those pesky underarm stains on shirts? Vinegar’s acidity tackles them with ease. Soak affected garments in warm water with a glass of vinegar before a regular wash.\nGoodbye, Residue: That annoying detergent build-up in your clothes and machine? A 150 ml splash of vinegar during your wash cycle keeps it at bay.\nSmelly Clothes, No More: Vinegar acts as a natural deodorant for your garments, neutralizing unpleasant odors.\nTackling Tough Stains: For those challenging stains, let your clothes soak overnight in a warm water bath with 250 ml of white vinegar. Come morning, they’ll be ready for a regular wash and those stains? History!\nPet Lover’s Dream: Cuddling with pets is great until you’re covered in fur. Washing affected clothing with vinegar helps detach both lint and pet hair.\nPlush Towels: Ditch the store softeners for your towels; they’ll just make them stiff. Instead, let vinegar soften them up while adding a fresh scent.\nSo, next time laundry day rolls around, let vinegar be your secret weapon. Whether it’s making colors vibrant, softening fabrics, or tackling stains, this natural powerhouse has got you covered. Your clothes (and the environment) will thank you!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ancestorsdreamapothecary.com/products/cloves", "date": "2024-04-12T17:49:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816045.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412163227-20240412193227-00190.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9385785460472107, "token_count": 155, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__133269560", "lang": "en", "text": "Sale Sold out\nRegular price $2.35 USD\nRegular priceUnit price per\nClove is a spice obtained from the calyx of the undeveloped blossoms of a species of myrtle tree indigenous to the Indonesian Maluku Islands, also known as the Spice Islands. Along with cinnamon, nutmeg and other aromatic spices, clove is used to lend sweet and spicy flavor to various baked goods and beverages.\nAs a cosmetic ingredient, clove provides antiseptic and anti-inflammatory qualities due to the presence of a phenolic compound called eugenol. This compound is a common ingredient in many personal care products, including mouthwash, toothpaste and soap.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.appliancesforhome.us/pools-hot-tubs-supplies/technichlor-110-combo-spa-saltwater-system-chlorine-generator-high-purity-pool-salt-seaklear-phosphate-remover-and-leisure-time-renew-non-chlorine-shock.html", "date": "2021-05-16T13:12:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991269.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210516105746-20210516135746-00103.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8739873766899109, "token_count": 503, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__59310007", "lang": "en", "text": "The TechniChlor 110 has been specifically designed as a spa chlorine generator and takes into account the higher water temperature and smaller water volume. The TechniChlor is portable and an easy to use electronic chlorine generator that automatically sanitizes spa and hot tub water by converting skin softening saltwater into sanitizing chlorine. This eliminates the time and need to store and pour traditional liquid or tablet sanitizing products. There are no buttons, no moving parts, no separate control boxes or timers. Simply program each model to one of ten chlorine generation power levels based on spa size and usage. Product installation is simple and requires no equipment modification.\nSeaKlear Spa Phosphate Remover is an easy-to-use technology for clean and efficient phosphate removal. High phosphates in spas and hot tubs can interfere with the proper operation of chlorine and bromine generators.\nUse 1.5 pounds of pool salt per 100 gallons of spa water to achieve a 2000 ppm salt level. All ControlOMatic spa chlorine generators recommend a 1500 to 2000 PPM salt level, that is about 5.5% the salt that is in the ocean.\nThe Insta-TEST 4 pool and spa strip measures Free Chlorine, Bromine, Total Alkalinity, pH, and Total Hardness. This test strip is a dip-n-read strip with instant results. Each bottle includes 50 test strips packaged in a waterproof PopTop bottle with a hinged cap. The Insta-TEST 4 strip is ideal for spa owners who need the most critical tests for perfect water balance.\nRenew Spa Shock is a fast-dissolving granular non-chlorine shock treatment that works instantly, with only minutes of spa down time! Rids spa water of residual soaps, deodorants, natural oils and organic materials that can build up in spa water.\nAquaChek White strips will give you a specific reading of the salt level in your water, includes 10 tests.\nSpa and Hot Tub Chlorine Generator, Around The Clock Chlorine Production\n10 Levels of Chlorine Production built in, no external timers needed!\nSelf Cleaning Reverse Polarity Technology, Lowers spa and hot tub maintenance\nIncludes 8 Pounds high purity pool salt, enough for 600 Gallon Spa and AquaChek salt test strips\nIncludes Chlorine free shock, phosphate remover and Taylor Insta-Test 4 with 50 tests", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://coinreport.net/ambrosus-trek-therapeutics-partner/", "date": "2024-02-25T11:00:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474595.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225103506-20240225133506-00822.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9243899583816528, "token_count": 611, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__202837765", "lang": "en", "text": "Ambrosus, Trek Therapeutics partner to track quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing via blockchain-powered method\nAmbrosus, a Swiss-based blockchain ecosystem for global supply chains, and Trek Therapeutics, PBC (Trek), a US-based private, clinical stage public benefit corporation developing treatments for serious infections with the aim to make them affordable for global populations, announced in a joint press release CoinReport received a partnership under which Ambrosus will apply integrated sensors together with blockchain-based technology to pharmaceutical drug manufacturing in Trek’s clinical development program.\nUniting blockchain and high-tech sensors, and powered by smart contracts, Ambrosus is developing the world’s first publicly-verifiable, community-driven ecosystem to ensure the origins, safety and quality of vital products, such as food, medicine and commodities. Ambrosus will carry out pilot projects with Trek to monitor the integrity, safety and quality of all stages of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process.\n“Currently the pharmaceutical manufacturing process is highly regulated by pharmaceutical manufacturers and by regulatory authorities in an extremely labor-intensive and expensive manner,” said Trek co-founder and CEO Dr. Ann Kwong in the press release we received. “We hope to partner with Ambrosus to create a continuous monitoring and tracking system that will be less labor intensive, less expensive, and more transparent to all parties with a stake in quality pharmaceutical manufacturing. Our goal is to develop a system that is robust enough that Trek can submit data to support our manufacturing application for regulatory approval of our drugs from the FDA and EMA authorities.”\nShe added, “Additionally, patients currently have no way to ascertain the quality of the medicines they ingest. Trek believes it is important to be able to demonstrate to patients that while our drugs are affordable, they’re also of the highest quality.”\nAmbrosus co-founder and CEO Angel Versetti stated, “Following the successful implementation of the Ambrosus protocol in global food supply chains, we are delighted to now apply our blockchain protocol to help ensure the quality, safety and integrity of another vitally important product – pharmaceuticals.”\nThe pilot projects will involve Ambrosus’ protocol working to track and verify the whole manufacturing chain from the primary chemical starting materials through various stages of synthesis, purification and verification of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This will be followed by formulation of the API into drug product; packaging, labeling, storage and shipping to clinical trial sites.\n“Backed by a superb core team of developers, advisors, and researchers, Ambrosus’ protocol will provide the transparency necessary in our manufacturing process to help ensure the integrity of supply chains. With our commitment to providing affordable high quality medicine, we believe this partnership could revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry quality control of manufacturing at every stage from plant to patient,” Dr. Kwong said.\nMA Avenue/Central Square – Lyo (CC BY-SA 3.0)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://hempculture.com.au/products/langbenite", "date": "2020-04-06T14:05:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371637684.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406133533-20200406164033-00042.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9449000954627991, "token_count": 318, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__126823270", "lang": "en", "text": "Langbeinite is a fantastic addition to your nutrient teas, covering almost all soil cations when used in conjunction with our Oyster Shell Flour, as well as the perfect option to balance your soil mix if you are using heavy Nitrogen and Phosphorus amendments like guano and blood & bone.\nWhat is Langbeinite?\nLangbeinite is a naturally occurring crystalline mineral that contains three vital plant nutrients. It does not effect the acidity of the soil and is pH neutral.\nPotassium is essential for the development of flowering plants, as well as for increases in the plants ability to uptake and utilize CO2, which is critical during stages of growth.\nMagnesium is at the heart of every chlorophyll molecule, as well as vital for the shuttling of macronutrients around the plant with calcium. Plants often like a slow sustained source of magnesium and not large bursts (which can occur when using Cal-Mag solutions). Langbeinite is a great source of sustained magnesium release that won't cause lock out issues like dolomite can.\nSulfur is one of the most understated nutrients you need to be giving your plants. It aids in immune protection, enzyme synthesis, antioxidant generation and most importantly flavour and terpene production. The addition of extra sulfur through langbeinite is a perfect way to complement your garden from an already amazingly rounded product.\nLangbeinite has an approximate N-P-K-S-Mg value of 0-0-22-22-18.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://blog.wren.co/posts/what-does-global-warming-potential-tell-us-about-greenhouse-gases", "date": "2023-12-09T04:45:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209040008-20231209070008-00339.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9344825744628906, "token_count": 1483, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__298270652", "lang": "en", "text": "Perfluorotributylamine, or PFTBA for short, is the main ingredient in fake blood, and is also used in certain refrigerants. Humans have been synthesizing this material for decades, but it was only in 2013 that scientists discovered PFTBA was a greenhouse gas. And not just any greenhouse gas. It is 7,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide.\nThat means PFTBA has incredibly high \"global warming potential\"—the highest of any known compound. This simple measure helps us compare, pound for pound, different gases and how they contribute to global warming. Because so much of climate change policy uses this measure, it's an important concept to understand.\n📚 Jump to section:\nWhat is global warming potential?\nGlobal warming potential (GWP) is a measure of a gas's greenhouse effect. To understand GWP, then, you must first understand the greenhouse effect.\nThe earth is constantly emitting heat. Some escapes through the atmosphere into space. Some is absorbed by greenhouses gases, which re-broadcast the heat in all directions, thereby driving up the temperature on earth. (For a more complete explanation of the greenhouse effect, see our post on the topic.)\nGWP considers how much heat each gas absorbs, which helps us understand its effect on global warming.\nGlobal warming potential considers how much heat each gas absorbs. A gas's global warming potential is always expressed as a comparison to carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas.\nTo give one example, the GWP of methane (also known by its chemical formula, CH4) is, in certain circumstances, 86. That means a pound of CH4 can absorb 86 times more heat than a pound of CO2.\nBecause CO2 is the baseline, its GWP is always 1. While it is possible to be a greenhouse gas that is less powerful than carbon dioxide—to have a GWP less than 1—almost every other greenhouse gas is worse than CO2 on a pound for pound basis. Fortunately, powerful gases like PFTBA make up on a very, very tiny portion of the atmosphere.\nThe importance of time\nGases vary not just in terms of how much heat they absorb, but also how long they stay in the air. CO2 persists as long as 200 years. CH4, on the other hand, disappears from the atmosphere after just 12 years. This, too, affects how much a gas contributes to global warming: Once it drops out of the atmosphere, a gas is no longer trapping heat.\nIt will help to make this concrete. Say that right now we emit one ton of CO2 and one ton of CH4. Over the next twelve years, the CH4 will do a lot of damage—but then it will react with other materials, breaking down, and therefore no longer be present to absorb heat. Meanwhile, most of the CO2 is still up there, steadily contributing to warming.\nAfter 20 years, though the CH4 has disappeared, still in total it has absorbed 84 times more heat than the CO2. That means its GWP after 20 years (often expressed as GWP20) is 86. After a hundred years, the carbon dioxide has caught up slightly, though it is far from closing the gap. Methane's GWP over a 100-year time horizon (GWP100) is 34—that is, over that 100-year period, the ton of CH4 has absorbed 34 times more heat than the ton of CO2. It just did it all in the first 12 years!\nWhat is carbon-climate feedback?\nGWP gets even more complicated: as the temperature of the atmosphere changes, so too does each gas's effects.\nThis is due to the carbon cycle. The ocean is always removing some of the atmosphere's carbon, but as the world warms, the rate of removal decreases. This creates a feedback loop: more carbon means more heat, which means slower removal, which means more carbon sticks around, so there is more heat—and so on.\nEvery greenhouse gas adds to a feedback loop, which slows the rate of carbon removal. This, too, can be factored into GWP.\nOther greenhouse gases add to this feedback loop, too. More methane means more heat—and so methane also slows down carbon removal. This is called \"carbon-climate feedback.\" If you incorporate this effect into GWP, the numbers have to increase. You are accounting, basically, for the extra carbon that winds up staying the atmosphere due to your methane emission.\nWhat are the GWPs of various common greenhouse gases?\nThe table below shows the GWP of five major greenhouse gases: methane, nitrous oxide (also known as laughing gas), and three common refrigerants. We've chosen to show just GWP100, since this is the figure most frequently used when setting climate-change policies.\n\"Lifetime\" indicates how long each gas lasts in the atmosphere, measured in years. For each gas, we've first indicated the GWP without carbon-climate feedback. The second number, in red, includes carbon-climate feedback.\n|Greenhouse gases||Lifetime||GWP100||GWP100 (w/ cc feedback)|\nCalculating GWP requires some laboratory testing, and over time, with more studies, scientists refine the numbers. When it comes to policy, though, updates can be problematic: it's hard to update old laws each time a new number is calculated. For almost two decades beginning in 1997, despite scientific updates, the numbers included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's second assessment report remained the standard for United Nations policy. Those numbers were officially updated in 2013. Today, the UN uses the above numbers, which are included in the IPCC's latest report.\nWhat is carbon dioxide equivalent?\nThe point of GWP is to allow comparisons between gases. It allows us to determine how, say, 0.5 tons of CH4 compares to 10 tons of CO2.\nOften, though, we are interested in not comparing but reporting emissions—and GWP allows us to report various kinds of emissions with one single number. To do so, we have to convert all emissions to what's called \"carbon dioxide equivalent.\"\nOften shortened to CO2e (or sometimes CO2eq or CO2-e), carbon dioxide equivalent captures the overall impact of a group of gases, expressed in terms of how much CO2 would have the same impact. The calculations are simple: you just multiple the weight of each gas by its GWP.\nOnce more, let's make this concrete. If we wanted to quantify the total impact of 0.5 tons of CH4 and 10 tons of CO2, we first need to convert the methane into tons of CO2e:\nWe already know 10 tons of CO2 is 10 tons of CO2e, so now we just need to add the two:\nThis is one kind of calculation that goes on behind the scenes in our own carbon footprint calculator! We consider many sources of emissions, and roll them into one number that allows you to more clearly understand your overall impact.\nRead this next:\nHow does carbon capture work?\nJuly 13, 2020 · Climate knowledge", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://austroads.com.au/webinars-and-events/webinar-properties-of-general-purpose-cement-with-increased-percentages-of-limestone", "date": "2019-11-20T09:13:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670535.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20191120083921-20191120111921-00432.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9549124836921692, "token_count": 574, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__173434443", "lang": "en", "text": "Date: Tuesday, 15 October 2019\nLocation: Online, 12:30pm AEDT\nThis webinar will give you an overview of an Austroads project that investigated whether cements with elevated limestone content would perform satisfactorily in ambient-cured and precast concretes subjected to aggressive exposure conditions.\nThe project investigated whether the currently used Australian general-purpose (GP) cement which complies with AS 3972, and which may contain up to 7.5% limestone as a mineral addition, could be replaced with a cement proposed by the cement industry, which would contain 12% limestone, could be justified with respect to performance and durability.\nFollowing a literature review, the project compared the properties of concretes made with a GP cement, containing 2.9% limestone with those of corresponding concretes incorporating the cement with 12% limestone. Both plain cement concretes and concretes incorporating cement blended with fly ash and slag were tested. As the cement industry declined to provide the cements required for this research, two equivalent cements were imported from Canada, designated general use (GU) cement, with 2.9% limestone content, and general use limestone (GUL) cement, with 10% limestone content (increased to 12% in the laboratory).\nPhysical, mechanical, chemical and microstructural aspects of both concretes were examined.\nThe study concluded that it would be highly inadvisable to entirely replace the currently used Australian GP cements, made to comply with AS 3972:2010 with up to 7.5% limestone, with the cement proposed by the industry that would contain 12% limestone, without the option of cements of lower limestone content being readily available in the in the market to all users.\nJoin in a live Q&A with our expert panel to have your questions answered.\nPresented by Ahmad Shayan and Fred Andrews-Phaedonos\nDr Ahmad Shayan is the Director at Concrete Analytics Pty Ltd. He has 40 years of research and consulting experience, gained at CSIRO and ARRB, and has written over 200 published papers in the international scientific media, and 350 technical reports for clients. He previously chaired the Standards Australia Committee CE/12 for over 10 years. Ahmad’s areas of interest include concrete materials assessment and durability of concrete structures, for which he was awarded the prestigious Clunies Ross Medal in 2003. Ahmad was the author of the Austroads report.\nFred Andrews-Phaedonos is a Principal Engineer-Concrete Technology at Department of Transport, Victoria. He has over 40 years experience as a technical specialist in areas such as concrete technology, concrete durability and bridge construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and strengthening. Fred was the project manager of the Austroads project.\nNo charge but registration is essential.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ktul.com/news/nation-world/scientists-discover-molecular-velcro-guard-against-covid-coronavirus-health-immune-system-lrrc15-ace2-receptor", "date": "2023-03-28T20:20:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948871.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328201715-20230328231715-00029.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9598337411880493, "token_count": 759, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__24382835", "lang": "en", "text": "(TND) — Scientists have discovered a protein in the lungs that appears to be a natural defense against the virus that causes COVID-19.\nThey say this opens up new areas of research and the potential for new treatments.\nThe protein, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15, or LRRC15, binds the virus without passing on the infection, according to researchers at the University of Sydney.\nFor me, as an immunologist, the fact that there's this natural immune receptor that we didn't know about, that's lining our lungs and blocks and controls virus, that's crazy interesting,” study lead Professor Greg Neely said in a university news release.\nThe Australian researchers noted that work with the LRRC15 protein has also been taking place at Oxford, Brown and Yale.\nVirologist Paula Cannon, who was not involved with this research, says it holds exciting potential as a protection or treatment against COVID-19 and other lung infections.\n“What's interesting is these different studies that use different methods and are looking at different things are all coalescing on this molecule as being important,” said Cannon, with the Keck School of Medicine of USC. “So, when you see that, when you see different approaches coming up with the same answer, it lends credibility to the role of this molecule.”\nCOVID-19 latches onto a receptor to infect us. The docking molecule it latches onto is a protein called the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, or ACE2.\nLRRC15, meanwhile, seems to be behaving like a natural “receptor decoy,” Cannon said.\n“It binds to the spike protein. You remember the little red blobs? And when it's bound to the spike protein, it stops the spike protein being able to interact with its natural receptor ACE2,” she said.\nImportantly, LRRC15 is a dead-end interaction for the virus, she said.\nThis natural protective barrier can prevent other vulnerable cells from becoming infected.\nUniversity of Sydney researchers called it “molecular Velcro.”\nAnd LRRC15 can work both when it itself is on the surface of a cell, but more importantly, when it's kind of secreted, it's soluble, it's whizzing around in blood and mucous,” Cannon said. “It's there as the way to kind of catch the virus and inactivate it by putting these nonfunctional blocks or locks all over it.”\nThere’s another potentially important discovery, that LRRC15 could be used to suppress fibrosis, or the damaging scarring that can occur from serious lung infections.\nAnd researchers say there’s evidence that LRRC15 levels may relate to how severe a person’s COVID infection will be. They said the body’s LRRC15 levels seem to increase when a virus is introduced.\nThe higher the levels, the more effective a person appears to be at fighting off the virus.\nCannon said LRRC15 levels could potentially be used to screen people most at risk for severe infections.\nShe called the medical uses for the LRRC15 protein “blue sky thinking,” because the science is just emerging. But there are real possibilities to help people, she said.\n“There's a potential to develop it as a drug to protect us,” she said. “You could spray it in people's noses or with an inhaler if they're at risk of being infected, and you're giving them a molecule that is a natural antiviral defense.”", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dbid.ca/water-quality-reports/", "date": "2022-08-13T14:22:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571959.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813142020-20220813172020-00033.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9502419829368591, "token_count": 155, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__108517774", "lang": "en", "text": "The Deep Bay Improvement District (DBID) is fortunate to have an excellent source of ground water that does not require any treatment. The DBID is required, as part of the operating permit, to test water samples regularly. There are four sample sites, identified by Vancouver Island Health Authority (VIHA), and each of the four sites is sampled on a monthly basis. Samples are delivered to Parksville for testing by VIHA.\nSample results as well as the VIHA Water System Inspection reports are available from the VIHA website – http://www.healthspace.ca/viha\nDBID takes further samples from throughout the distribution system and sends these samples to an independent lab for additional chemical analysis. Results from our recent testings are available below.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.steviafirst.com/news/news_releases/2014/06/stevia-first-corp.-provides-scale-up-data-for-reb-a-production-from-enzyme-enhancement", "date": "2019-11-23T01:06:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496672313.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20191123005913-20191123034913-00018.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9277761578559875, "token_count": 1282, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__85789932", "lang": "en", "text": "Stevia First Corp. Provides Scale-Up Data for Reb A Production From Enzyme Enhancement\nJun 23, 2014\nSACRAMENTO, CA--Stevia First Corp. (OTCQB: STVF) (\"Stevia First\" or the \"Company\"), an agricultural biotechnology company based in California's Central Valley growing region and focused on the industrial scale production of stevia, the all-natural zero-calorie sweetener that is rapidly transforming the food and beverage industry, is pleased to disclose industrial scale-up data for its purified Rebaudioside A (\"Reb A\") alternative sweetener products derived from an enzyme enhancement process.\nIn 2013, Stevia First achieved success in converting low-grade stevia extract directly into highly purified stevia extract using an enzyme enhancement process. Stevia First has filed new intellectual property related to this process and has been working extensively towards commercialization and implementation at an industrial scale.\nUpon successful implementation, the Company intends to implement an annual minimum of 200 metric tons capacity for high purity Reb A through contract manufacturers or strategic partners. The process could enable Stevia First to directly convert low-grade stevia extract, which is commonly marketed for $40,000 per metric ton, into highly purified Reb A, which is often marketed for $100,000 per metric ton or more. The Company recently formed an alliance with Qualipride International in order to gain access to 1,500 metric tons of annual supply of low-grade stevia extract for use as starting material. For perspective on this capacity in the context of the stevia industry, Purecircle is a leading stevia supplier that disclosed as of 2013 a 2,800 metric ton capacity for highly purified stevia extract that could support annual sales of $250 to $300 million.\nStevia First's scale-up efforts to date have involved increasing reaction volumes by 25,000 times over initial laboratory conditions during production of food-grade stevia samples. The Company is now continuing to scale-up this process for pilot production and initial commercialization, with development to continue in mid-2014 directed at an initial production target of 400 kilograms per day of highly purified Reb A stevia extract. The Company estimates certain variable processing costs for initial production quantities to be less than $23,000 per ton, with additional costs related to enzyme production. Larger production runs could provide substantial economies of scale and greater margins. Stevia First is now reliably producing active Stevia enzymes at its facilities to be used within its enzyme enhancement process.\nDr. Brandon Zipp, Stevia First's Director of Research and Development, comments that, \"We're finishing what the plant started, converting the most abundant steviol glycoside, stevioside, into the valuable Rebaudioside A and beyond.\"\nStevia First's CEO, Robert Brooke, adds that, \"Since the 2003 discovery of this enzyme by our collaborator, this elegant approach to increasing global Reb A production has eluded the industry, but our team has employed its diverse experiences in handling Stevia UGT enzymes in a manner that has finally enabled a process that works. Discoveries in our lab made recently continue to set us apart, and position us ever closer to bringing our innovations to market.\"\nAbout Stevia First Corp. (OTCQB: STVF)\nStevia First Corp. is an agricultural biotechnology company that has developed expertise for the production of stevia using fermentation and for improvement of traditional stevia farming and processing methods. The Company is also applying breakthrough technologies in software and the life sciences to develop product applications far beyond stevia and the food and beverage industry. For more information visit: www.steviafirst.com.\nAbout the Stevia Industry\nThe market for all-natural, zero-calorie stevia sweeteners is expanding rapidly. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates stevia intake could eventually replace 20-30% of all dietary sweeteners. The total global sweetener market was estimated at $58.3 billion in 2010. For more information visit: www.steviafirst.com.\nNotice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements\nThis news release contains \"forward-looking statements\" as that term is defined in Section 27(a) of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements in this press release which are not purely historical are forward-looking statements and include any statements regarding beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions regarding the future. Such forward-looking statements include, among other things, projections of worldwide sales of stevia products, growth of stevia production and global markets. Actual results could differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements due to numerous factors. Such factors include, among others, the inherent uncertainties associated with new projects and development stage companies. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this news release, and we assume no obligation to update the forward-looking statements, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that any beliefs, plans, expectations and intentions contained in this press release are reasonable, there can be no assurance that any such beliefs, plans, expectations or intentions will prove to be accurate. Investors should consult all of the information set forth herein and should also refer to the risk factors disclosure outlined in our annual report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other periodic reports filed from time-to-time with the Securities and Exchange Commission.\nThis website contains historical and archived press releases, blogs and rekated reorts for Stevia First Corporation. The information in these releases, documents and articles is historical in nature, has not been updated, and is current only to the date indicated in each instance. This information may no longer be accurate and therefore you should not rely on the information contained in these documents. To the extent permitted by law, Stevia First Corporation and its employees, agents and consultants exclude all liability for any loss or damage arising from the use of, or reliance on, any such information, whether or not caused by any negligent act or omission.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://nierocks.areavoices.com/2014/04/01/happy-snow-day-a-look-at-a-snowflakes-six-sides/", "date": "2018-05-25T20:10:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867217.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525200131-20180525220131-00628.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9284787178039551, "token_count": 600, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__3128236", "lang": "en", "text": "Here’s a look at a snowflake’s six sides from Bill Marvel at The Dallas Morning News and McClatchy Tribune.\nNext time it snows, take a minute from sledding or skating or snowball fights to look closely at snowflakes. A dark piece of cloth, such as a wool mitten,and a magnifying glass will help.\nAlmost all snowflakes look like stars with six points,or flowers with six petals. But why six? Why not eight or five or for that matter, 20?\nFour hundred years ago, a scientist named Johannes Kepler thought he knew the answer, and he wrote to a friend about it. Each snowflake, Kepler wrote, starts with a round droplet of frozen water. So far, so good. If you arrange pennies on a table and pack them as closely as possible, you will find that each penny touches exactly six other pennies. No more, no less. Thus, Kepler said,if you pack round droplets of ice closely together, each will be surrounded by exactly six other round droplets.\nIn the same way, he announced,each snowflake begins with a six-sided cluster of ice droplets,and it grows from there. Sort of like a bee honeycomb. Good guess, but Kepler was wrong.\nScientists discovered the real reason several centuries later. Snowflakes are six-sided because of the way atoms stick together. Each molecule of water is made up of one big oxygen atom and two little hydrogen atoms. Think of two little cherries stuck to a big apple, like ears.\nThe hydrogen atoms will stick to the oxygen atom, but they will not stick to another hydrogen atom.\nAs the temperature falls below freezing, water molecules in the air start sticking to one another, forming ice. Like people shaking hands, each oxygen atom grabs one of the hydrogen atoms of another molecule.That molecule, in turn,grabs the hydrogen atom of yet another molecule,until six of the molecules link together in a tiny six-sided crystal called a hexagon.\nAs that ice crystal falls through the air,it bumps against other molecules of water that stick to the corners of the hexagon and freeze. Pretty soon, the original crystal starts to grow six long arms. Meanwhile, the arms start to grow branches. Repeat the process often enough — say,about 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times —and you get a snowflake just big enough to see.You could look at snowflakes all day during the thickest blizzard and never find two that perfectly match. You could look for the rest of your life ,in fact. That’s because, like people,each snowflake encounters different conditions as it goes through life — different air currents, different temperatures,different moisture — and so it forms differently. Like people, no two snowflakes are exactly alike.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.bishopfamilydental.net/2017/07/14/but-it-is-only-water/", "date": "2019-08-24T03:30:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027319470.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20190824020840-20190824042840-00163.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9547418355941772, "token_count": 201, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__57333529", "lang": "en", "text": "So you have removed soda out of your diet in order to be more healthy, but you still need the satisfaction of carbonation. Sparkling water has become a new “healthy” alternative for soda. That may be true for your overall health due to the no sugar factor, however carbonated water is also acidic because your mouth turns the carbon dioxide bubbles into carbonic acid. This is a problem because acid dissolves tooth enamel, which causes teeth to weaken and become more cavity-prone.\nSuggestion to help protect your teeth:\nDrink through a straw\nRinse with water after drinking to wash away acid\nWait at least 20 minutes before brushing to avoid scrubbing the acid into your enamel. Along with brushing, practice good dental habits including flossing and seeing your local Holladay City Cleaning Dentist to reduce your risk of cavities.\nBoth sparkling and flavored waters are not as acidic as sodas but with moderation you can still enjoy your favorite beverage.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://en.yuquitania.com/post/the-salt-in-the-yuquitania", "date": "2023-12-01T00:32:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100258.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130225634-20231201015634-00529.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9373340010643005, "token_count": 373, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__124121519", "lang": "en", "text": "Salt is a fundamental ingredient in the preparation of the Yuquitania. Formerly salt was obtained from different processes of plant material obtained in the jungle. According to Juan Álvaro Echeverri, in his essay \"La sal de monte\", he establishes that the stories of the Spanish chroniclers speak of a type of salt that was used by indigenous groups. “It is a salt made from the combustion of bark, buds and stems of certain plant species. This type of plant-based salts have been used by many peoples of the Americas and other continents and continue to be used to this day by various Amazonian groups. Several indigenous groups make this type of salt, as an essential mixture for tobacco ambil, among others, and for ritual, medicinal and culinary use (Echeverri, 2011)”. In other words, the salt was obtained from the leaves and fruits of certain vegetables reduced to ashes. The historical records of the colony show that, for example, in the Negro River, salt was obtained from a plant that grows on the rocks in the rapids of the rivers, also called cachiveras. Another way to obtain salt was through trade with sub-Andean groups, who had access to large deposits in the high jungle of that region and traded it with the Amazonian peoples for dried fish, feathers, honey, skins and wood.\nIf you want to know more about obtaining and using salt in the Amazon regions and indigenous peoples:\nLa sal de monte: un ensayo de ‘halofitogenografía’ uitoto, January 2001, In book: Imani mundo. Estudios en la Amazonia colombiana, Publisher: Unibiblos, Editors: Franky, Carlos E. and Zárate, Carlos G.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.tbg-i.com/ebl-eb-641581614-9v-600mah-6f22-rechargeable-li-ion-batteries-with-charger/", "date": "2022-05-26T20:30:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662625600.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526193923-20220526223923-00738.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8036849498748779, "token_count": 135, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__220618540", "lang": "en", "text": "EBL EB-641581614 9V 600mAh 6F22 Rechargeable Li-ion Batteries with Charger\nCatalogue Number: EB-641581614\n- High quality 4 packs 6F22 9V 600mAh li-ion rechargeable batteries.\n- Without memory effect, the batteries can be charged anytime.\n- The highly improved low self discharge makes it still maintain 75% of capacity after 3 years of non-use.\n- The pre-charged batteries can be recharged up to 1200 times.\n- Widely used in smoke alarms, professional audio and medical devices etc.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://healthchannel.hk/index.php?route=product/product&path=95_95&product_id=488", "date": "2018-05-26T17:45:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867841.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526170654-20180526190654-00542.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9053825736045837, "token_count": 651, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__5538227", "lang": "en", "text": "Redmond RealSalt Sea SPA Bath Salt is a natural mineral sea salt that comes from a sea bed dating back thousands of years. This prehistoric deposit has been tucked away, protected from modern-day pollution. We extract this salt from deep within the earth, and bring it to you in its pure, natural state–without any additives, chemicals, or heat processing. The result is an all natural sea salt, rich in trace minerals.\nIn Redmond RealSalt Sea SPA Bath Salt you will find an abundance of trace minerals that can help restore mineral-deficient bodies back to good health. Through osmosis, toxins are released from the body into the bath water, while trace minerals from the sea salt are absorbed through the skin.Benefits of Redmond Sea SPA Bath Salt\n* Relax * Detoxify * Remineralize * Rejuvenate * Energize\nRedmond Sea SPA Bath Salt is great for:\n- Soothing Stiff, Sore & Aching Muscles\n- Detoxification & Cleansing\n- Improving Circulation\n- Promoting Sound, Restful Sleep\n- Remineralizing the Body\nHow does Redmond Bath Salt promote better health?\nDue to the abundance of natural trace minerals in our salt, Redmond Bath Salt provides healing properties for the skin and body. Toxins are released from the body into the bath water through osmosis, while trace minerals from the sea salt are absorbed through the skin.\nAre there any additives in Redmond Bath Salt?\nAll of the minerals in Redmond Bath Salt are naturally occurring. Most bath salts on the market today have oils and fragrances added to them (which may cause allergic reactions) and often times leave an oily residue around the rim of the tub. Our bath salt, on the other hand, is so natural, you can eat it!\nHow to Use Redmond Sea SPA Bath Salt\nHow much Redmond Bath Salt should I use?\nUsing 1/2 a cup of Redmond Bath Salt per bath can effectively draw out toxins and help remineralize the body. Some spa experts suggest using up to two cups of natural mineral salt per bath and soaking for 30 minutes.\nCan I add my own essential oils to Redmond Bath Salt?\nWhat makes Redmond Bath Salt unique to many bath salts on the market today, is the fact that it is a natural, unrefined product with no additives. It is difficult to find additive-free bath salts that are naturally loaded with trace minerals. While very effective without essential oils, some choose to customize their Redmond Bath Salt by adding drops of their favorite essential oils to the bath water.\nWhy is there reddish sediment in my tub after using Redmond Bath Salt?\nIn our Redmond Bath Salts you will find more than 60 natural trace minerals. The residue left on the floor of the tub comes from these natural minerals of which can be washed safely down the drain.\nFor Maximum Effect\nThe salt concentration has to be at least the same as the one of your body fluids (approximately 1%) to activate the osmotic exchange ratio. The formula for a 1% solution is 1.28 ounces of salt per gallon of water.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://safejoint.net/?page_id=40", "date": "2017-12-11T18:41:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948513866.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20171211183649-20171211203649-00409.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8457233309745789, "token_count": 365, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__51695493", "lang": "en", "text": "The work in this WP will undertake the manufacture of metal/metal composite joints and in particular dissimilar aluminium alloys and aluminium/magnesium alloys.\nTask 3.1 – Manufacture of metal / metal joints using nanoparticle fillers\nThis task will undertake the manufacture of dissimilar metal joints through friction stir welding (FSW). The filler materials developed in WP1 will be used to produce the dissimilar metal welds.\nTask 3.2 – Ceramic coatings for corrosion protection of dissimilar metal welds\nOne of the major issues of dissimilar material joining is the corrosion behaviour at the joint interface. This task will investigate the incorporation of ceramic coats in the form of encrusted films applied onto the metal alloys prior to FSW for improved corrosion protection properties of the joined metals .\nThe ceramic coatings will be applied on the metal alloys via the dip coating process. Inorganic, organic or organically surface modified inorganic nanocontainers, nanotubes or nanoparticles will be incorporated into the ceramic coatings. All the nanocontainers and nanotubes will be loaded with organic or inorganic corrosion inhibitors.\nTask 3.3 – Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Layers for corrosion protection of dissimilar metal joints\nThe corrosion issue will also be addressed through FSW Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Layers Hybrid organic layers including nanocontainers loaded with corrosion inhibitors will be synthesized.\nTask 3.4 – Development of Non Destructive Evaluation technique for dissimilar metal joints\nThis task will undertake the development of reliable NDE techniques for the dissimilar metal joints. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes and corrosion inhibitors combined with the differing metallurgical morphology of the joined dissimilar metals presents a challenge to the NDE methodology to be implemented.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.moodyradio.org/stations/south-florida/community/community-calendar/2019/05/algae-bloom-remediation-workshop/", "date": "2023-12-01T10:10:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100286.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201084429-20231201114429-00258.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8745015263557434, "token_count": 209, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__81035626", "lang": "en", "text": "National Algae Association\n8:00am - 5:00pm\nBroward County Library Downtown - Auditorium\n100 S. Andrews Ave, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33301\nThe algae bloom situation is affecting tourism, fishing, real estate and local economies. While algae bloom research, testing and monitoring is ongoing within the State of Florida, collaboration and open communication is needed on fixing the continuous algae bloom and HAB problems. The National Algae Association is the first non-profit algae association to focus on research and commercial algae bloom technologies available in the US and throughout the world. NAA extends an invitation to all algae bloom stakeholders to attend the Algae Bloom Workshop, May 21-22, in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Join, collaborate and network with commercially-minded algae bloom researchers, remediation technology experts and equipment companies to discuss algae blooms and toxic blooms (HAB’s). Attendees will learn about the devastating algae bloom problems and potential commercial algae bloom remediation technologies that are scalable and economically viable.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://shopsante.ca/en/products/hd-muscle-intra-hd-400g-1", "date": "2024-02-24T17:10:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474541.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224144416-20240224174416-00079.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9007965326309204, "token_count": 167, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__134060300", "lang": "en", "text": "HD Muscle - Intra HD 400g\nINTRA-HD is an enhanced training product designed to improve muscle endurance and recovery, helping you to overcome your last performance and start your muscle recovery protocol. INTRA-HD's innovative formula combines key clinically validated ingredients in effective doses to give unparalleled results not found in other amino acid products on the market today. INTRA-HD contains ten grams of the nine essential amino acids, effectively providing your muscles with all the amino acids needed to maximize protein synthesis and improve muscle development and recovery.\nINTRA-HD further improves your results and takes you beyond muscle recovery by :\n- Increasing peak power and endurance\n- Limiting free radical damage to improve recovery\n- Promote efficient consumption of cellular oxygen\n- Reduce muscle pain and inflammation\n- Rehydrate and use electrolytes more efficiently", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://sylvia-pippen.com/cyanotype-uv-printing-on-cloth.htm", "date": "2024-02-22T19:55:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222193722-20240222223722-00031.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.936061680316925, "token_count": 4972, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__89451302", "lang": "en", "text": "The Cyanotype Process\nby Christopher James\nHere are some excerpts:\nCyanotype is an ultraviolet (UV) sensitive contact printing process that uses transparent, translucent, or opaque objects to make cyanotype photos on cloth or paper. The blue color of the cyanotype print is the result of the reaction of ferrous ions to the photo reduction of ferric ammonium citrate in combination with potassium ferricyanide. The cyanotype image is highly stable but can be degraded by something alkaline, such as sodium carbonate or perspiration. It will also fade, like most things, if exposed to strong direct sunlight over a period of time. Should you experience this fading, your image can generally be restored to its original blue intensity by storing it in a dark environment for a short time. Contrary to popular lore, the cyanotype print can be controlled in process to yield wonderful and technically exquisite images. The prints can also be toned in a wide variety of ways to provide alternatives to the color blue.\nThe Chemistry: There are two principal chemicals employed in the traditional cyanotype formula, and these are mixed together in equal parts to create a working sensitizing solution that will be applied to paper with a brush. They are: Part A, ferric ammonium citrate and Part B, potassium ferricyanide. Neither of these chemicals poses a serious health risk unless you are one of the very few people who may have an allergic reaction to the chemistry. Ferric ammonium citrate is often found in iron and vitamin supplements and Potassium ferricyanide is a stable compound that only becomes a risk if it is heated beyond 300°F\nThe cyanotype is a contact printing process like a photogram. As is the case with other non-silver processes, a cyanotype sensitized paper or cloth is exposed with sunlight or an ultraviolet (UV) light source and will require a negative(s) that is the same size as your intended print. I have had success with a wide assortment of negative types and can usually get a good-looking print by adjusting the way I work to fit the negative’s potential. This is one of the primary reasons that the process is such a great one to begin learning alternative techniques with, because success comes quickly to the rookie. I really do not have a specific general recommendation for a cyanotype negative. I’ve heard a lot of advice that recommends using a negative that would print well on a paper grade of 0 to 1 (indicating a fairly high-contrast negative density of about 1.5 to 1.7) and that this particular type will do well with using a standard A + B sensitizing formula. This is true, but the same success can come from negatives that do not specifically meet this recommendation. My best advice is to make a nice negative and learn the process with it. Paper and Fabric Surfaces Almost any type of paper or fabric can be used in the cyanotype process. Generally speaking, the best paper to use for a single image will be a quality hot or cold press paper like Arches Platine, Fabriano Artistico, Lana, Arches Acquarelle, Saunder’s Waterford, Somerset Book, and Crane’s Platinotype. These papers are neutral pH (in the middle of being acidic or alkaline) and already have a good sizing built into them during manufacturing. They are also specifically made to withstand the rigors of extended immersion times in liquids. Other paper options, some of them esoteric, that withstand the rigors of wet processing are those such as the 22˝230˝ Gampi Torinoko and Hahnemuhl etching paper that you can purchase by the roll. There are a wide variety of rice papers available at well-stocked art supply stores, and I recommend buying small pieces to test before committing to large amounts. One recommendation that I read about was a roll paper, 18˝250’, that was simply labeled Oriental Rice Paper for Sumi. The paper was tenaciously strong in water.\nA FEW WORDS ABOUT THE SUN Before we begin exploring all of the alternative processes that follow in the book I want to mention the sun as the best light source you can use for contact printing. Unless you are working in a cold and dark climate most of the year, in which case you might think about becoming a poet, the sun provides the most efficient and least expensive means of exposing your contact negatives in printing frames. However, serious or cold climate based alternative process printers swear by a UV exposure unit because they feel it provides a consistent and controllable light source year round. Why is sun best? It’s free, really bright, and nothing can come close to the good feeling you’ll have sitting around outdoors printing with your friends and family. Secondly, in the summer your exposure times are short and pleasant, and it is easy for you to monitor your progress. Outside, the light is bright enough to read the exposure of your edges and their density. Simply observing the changes will give you a lot of information because alternative process exposures are easily determined by this evaluation method. When you think that you are close to being done, it is a simple matter of picking up the frame and moving into a shaded area to check on the details of shadows and highlights. Of course there are variables with the sun that you will not find with a UV printer unit. The time of year, time of day, humidity level outside, and overall atmospheric conditions will all have something to do with your exposure. A misty and foggy day that makes you squint your eyes will often be an ideal one to print. Use the winter to enrich your life with other interests or make (see Appendices) or buy a UV exposure unit equipped with daylight tubes. Do not waste your time with filtered “black-light” tubes like the ones that make Jimi Hendrix posters come to life because they are very inefficient exposure sources. You may, however, successfully use an unfiltered UV tube.\nExposing the Cyanotype When your coated and sensitized paper or fabric is completely dry, place your negative in contact with the coated emulsion and double check to see that it will read correctly when it is completed. The negative that you use will work very well if it has an average negative density in the range of 1.4 to 1.6. Be aware that you will be losing a considerable amount of density in the wash and development stages, so it is important that your highlights are able to print. Next, load the negative and coated paper into your contact frame so that the negative is next to the glass of the contact printer and the coated paper is behind the negative. Be sure that the hinge part of the frame back straddles the negative/coated area so that you can undo one side of the frame during exposure if you wish to check on your progress without losing registration. The most common problem in cyanotype printing is underexposure, where the highlights and middle values wash out in the water development. It is not a question of whether they will wash out, but to what degree. Depending on your negative, you will have a short or a long exposure, with darker negatives obviously taking more time than lighter ones. In summer sunlight, a short exposure might last 1 to 3 minutes, and a long one up to a half an hour. It is generally a good idea to make a test print. There are several ways to test exposure time during the exposure. When I am teaching a workshop class how to make cyanotype murals in the sun, I often use the students as photogram objects on a sensitized bedsheet. During the exposure I periodically lift their fingers to check on the comparative densities. This allows me to see what the base emulsion is doing in adjacent comparison to the open exposure next to the student’s finger. Unless they are sweating a lot, this is a good method of calibration. In a contact printing frame, I often place a small opaque object on the glass so that it covers a separate swatch of emulsion that I had added to the bottom of the paper during coating. By quickly lifting the opaque object I can determine where the exposure is and how long I have before the processing begins. As you will discover, overexposing a cyanotype is a difficult thing to do. A test strip can be easily made by coating a piece of paper with the sensitizer, drying it completely, and placing a negative in contact with the emulsion. Put the sensitized paper and negative in your contact frame and lay a series of opaque strips over the coated test piece. These strips will be removed, one at a time, at predetermined intervals and then processed for the information. You can also use a transparent step wedge for this task, but I feel the negative’s information from the test is often more important than how many gradations you might achieve with it. When the test exposure is done, process it in tap water until the whites have cleared and there is no evidence of yellow in the wash water. Then quickly blow-dry the strip, and you’ll get a rough idea of approximately what the best exposure will be. Be aware that cyanotype print values will darken over a period of days as the print oxidizes. You can accelerate this oxidization by immersing the washed print in a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide. Cyanotype is a printing-out process, so you can examine your exposure as you go, providing you are using a hinged contact printing frame. I generally like to see, in a predevelopment examination of the exposure, highlight detail that is a great deal denser than I would be happy with in a finished print. Occasionally, I want my deepest shadow details to have a nearly solarized look (the density has begun to reverse itself and is transforming to a lighter, almost metallic-negative-gray). I also watch the outside-coated borders that have no negative covering them. Often the best cyanotypes will be realized when the outside borders have reversed themselves to a near silvergray. Another general piece of information is that thicker papers often take a bit longer to expose than do thinner papers. Always write down your exposure time on the paper so that you can evaluate your progress over the course of a printing sessionJudy Seigel has suggested a technique where the exposure is stopped halfway through the exposure and then resumed to completion after a wait of several minutes. She reports that this interrupted printing results in noticeably better shadow details and separation without losing highlight or D-max integrity. I haven’t tried this technique in a formal experiment yet, but Judy’s suggestions are always worthwhile, and this may be another good control option to use.\nDevelopment: Water or Acid\nTraditionally, the cyanotype is developed out in a water bath. This is the least complicated step possible and is the preferred development by most everyone who works with the process. The one shortcoming of water development may be a moderately limited tonal scale. An alternative development process, one that often produces a longer tonal scale, is the use of diluted acidic solutions such as distilled white vinegar or acetic acid. The nice part of this alternative is that the tonal range of values will be extended without having to lengthen the exposure. The downside is that by trading for a longer tonal scale you will often lose on the comparative highlight to shadow contrast in the print. You might think of an acid or vinegar development bath as one that turns the cyanotype into a soft graded paper. The simplest solution to begin experimenting with would be household white vinegar, which is generally the equivalent of a 5% concentration of acetic acid. White vinegar can be used straight from the bottle or diluted with water to give you more flexibility. In its pure state, it is worth about 2 to 4 levels on a step table. Here are a few signs to look for if you decide to use vinegar as a development option. ◆ White vinegar out of the bottle: A significant increase in the range of values (2 to 4 steps) but a relative decrease in the contrast. This might be a good formula for negatives that are hopelessly too high-key. A hydrogen peroxide “oxidation-hit” will have little effect on this straight vinegar developed print. ◆ Vinegar and water 1:1: Some of the image’s highlight crispness begins to return without a loss in the step table. Hydrogen peroxide has a negligible effect in deepening the blue in the print. ◆ Vinegar and water 1:3: A 2 to 3 step increase in midtone values, better highlight detail, and the hydrogen peroxide adds a little “intensification” to the blue. ◆ Vinegar and water 1:5: Still a pretty decent range in the additional steps and the highlights are better. Decent D-max (maximum density) equal to the other prints in the test sequence, and the hydrogen peroxide has a modest effect. Using Mike Ware’s New Cyanotype Process, explained later, the effects of vinegar development are less distinct. That fact is somewhat irrelevant if you are using Ware’s formula, which has a longer and similar tonal scale and a softer look to the overall image. Ware’s process does employ an acid development that has a softening impact on the contrast. Acid Post development Bath Another alternative in developing cyanotypes for additional tonal range is a technique of rinsing your water developed print in a mild acid bath following the development. Adding this acid bath step will often result in an intensification of the darker values while reducing the lighter ones. Traditional manuals, such as the Kodak Encyclopedia of Practical Photography, suggest a postdevelopment bath of 4 to 5 drops of hydrochloric acid per 1,000 ml of water for a few minutes. I have also heard of cyanotype artists who use weak solutions of citric acid, both chemical and natural, in this step. For fun, try squeezing a few lemons intoWashing and Oxidization After exposure and development, wash your developed cyanotype print in running water for 5 to 15 minutes or until the highlights have cleared to white. You should no longer see any yellow-green coloration in the water. Shorter washing times may leave ferric salts in the paper. Too long a washing time will cause both fading, through a pigmentation loss, and a decrease of highlight details in the print. If you need instant gratification, try this: After the first wash, remove the print from the water and add a splash of drugstore grade hydrogen peroxide to the water bath. Re-immerse the print and watch the blues go to an immediate and intense deep blue. This action causes the highlights to appear super white because of their relationship to the dark blues. This intensification “trick” is everyone’s favorite. Really, though, all that is happening is that you are accelerating the oxidization of the iron in the print that would happen naturally in a few days without this step. Don’t forget the wash stage after being thrilled a water bath and note the effect. You will likely see a bit of clearing and a marginal intensification of darker valueA 1% to 5% solution of oxalic acid can be used (1 to 5 grams of oxalic acid to 100 ml of water). This solution is particularly successful for spotting blue stains out of highlight areas. Take all necessary precautions when using oxalic acid because it is toxic. If your print is overexposed (which is pretty hard to do), mix up a solution of sodium carbonate, approximately a pinch to 1,000 ml of water, and immerse your image in it until it begins to fade. Watch for the first signs of yellow. Too strong a concentration or too long in the sodium carbonate solution will have a serious bleaching effect. If you feel you went too far with this, you can consult the toning section for techniques on where to go next. Tannic acid would be a likely option. If you opt to do nothing at all, save your overexposed cyanotype for a Blue-Van-Dyke print or a gum or simply throw it out and do a new one.\nToning the Cyanotype: There will be times when you simply do not want a blue image but still want to use the cyanotype technique due to its flexibility and simplicity. The following are some formulas for changing the color of cyanotypes once they have completed the final wash. In general, it is a good idea to overexpose your prints if you intend to tone them. Many of the following formulas utilize sodium carbonate or ammonia, which tend to radically reduce print density if the solutions are too strong.\nA word of encouragement—many times the formulas will not work as you want them to due to water types, contamination, time of year, etc. Take these formulas with a grain of salt (sorry, bad pun) and adapt them to your own aesthetic. Very often, during workshops, I will simply pour and sprinkle formulas together to reinforce the idea that the results from these toning suggestions are not set in stone, either alone or in combination with other toners. Besides, what have you got to lose? The process is simple, inexpensive, and accidents often become individual and unique techniques. There is the issue of permanence to consider. The cyanotype, in a pure Prussian-blue state and handled correctly, is permanent and one of the most stable alternative processes. The toning steps change the chemical composition of the cyanotype image, and it is occasionally questionable if all of these formulas can be described as “permanent” after the fact. I have found virtually no deterioration in the images I toned with tannic acid over 20 years ago. This is not the case with images done during group toning demonstrations, where inadequate washing times between steps are often the rule. It is a good idea to dry your cyanotype prints before to The Big Thrill Hydrogen peroxide (3% drugstore grade) added to water will seem to super “intensify” the blue in your cyanotypes. The actual effect is simply an accelerated oxidation of the iron. This intense blue will occur eventually, given time, in any well-processed cyanotype. Hydrogen peroxide can be used immediately after the yellow has been washed out of your print. Mix it casually and without fear, because this chemical is used to clean wounds and as a mouthwash. Removing Blue: Yellow Toning There are several chemicals that will alter the intensity of the blue in your cyanotypes. As mentioned, hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid, and sodium carbonate will all cause the blue to change, as well as solutions of chlorine bleach, sodium sulfate, sodium silicate, trisodium phosphate, and commercial laundry soaps. You may mix solutions of these chemicals and apply them selectively to remove areas of blue, and in some cases you can alter the entire color of the print or fabric in complete baths. For example, to make a yellow and white print, make a solution of trisodium phosphate in a ratio of 1 tablespoon to every quart of water. Dissolve the trisodium phosphate in hot water in a plastic tub or tray, and immerse the cyanotype in the solution until it fades to yellow. Rinse the print with running water for 30 minutes, or run the fabric through a cold wash cycle without soap. The resulting image will be permanent. Hang them and to let them oxidize for a day or so. This\nThe Basic Tea Toner Buy some basic and inexpensive household tea (tannic acid) and make a very strong solution in hot water. Immerse your print in it until you have the desired tonality. Using a solution of tea as a toner is a nice way to create a duotone image. The print’s highlights exhibit a pleasant tan color while the blue takes on a slightly warmer hue. If you don’t want any blue, just go through the yellow toning stage with trisodium phosphate and then move on to the tea toning. Using green and herbal teas without tannic acid in them does not work as well. Brown Toning #1 PART A 28 ml nondetergent, household strength ammonia added to 240 ml of water PART B 14 g tannic acid added and mixed well and added to 750 ml of water Tannic acid mixing takes a little patience because it does not dissolve readily in water. Break up the clumps and keep stirring until the chemical is in solution. Immerse the washed and wet print in Part A for a few minutes or until it becomes pale. Then rinse the print for several minutes and transfer it to Part B for the conversion to brown. In all of the toning formulas, too short a rinsing time between stages is the primary culprit in the discoloration of highlights and paper base white. Black Toning #1 Immerse the print in a solution of Dektol. The stronger the Dektol solution the more intense the goldenrod color that will present itself to you. When the blue is almost entirely bleached out and converted, rinse the print for several minutes in water and then immerse it in a solution of tannic acid mixed to 30 to 50 g per 1,000 ml of water. You should see a smokey black color within 5 minutes. Wash the toned print for 15 minutes. Eggplant/Red/Black Tones Use the black toning #1 procedure and after the final wash immerse the print in the strong Dektol solution again or in an ammonia bath solution consisting of 250 ml ammonia to 1,000 ml water. Black Toning #2 PART A 3 drops nitric acid* added to 1 liter water PART B 14 g sodium carbonate added to 160 ml water (5.3 oz) PART C 14 g gallic acid added to 160 ml water Begin by immersing your washed and wet print into Part A (nitric acid) for 2 minutes. Then rinse the print for several minutes, transfer it to Part B, and leave it in the solution until the image disappears and then reappears as a very light orange image. Then rinse the print for several minutes and transfer it into Part C, where the black tones should become evident. Finally, wash the print for at least 15 minutes. Blue/Gray Split Toning Allow the cyanotype to age for a day or two and then rewet the print. Mix a solution of 3 drops of nitric acid in 1,000 ml water and immerse your print in it for 2 minutes. Then wash the print for several minutes. Next, immerse the print in a weak (a pinch to 1,000 ml of water) sodium carbonate solution until a yellow split occurs, and then wash the print for several minutes. Mix up a solution of tannic acid of 25 g to 1,000 ml water and place your print in it until a blue/gray split appears. Finally, wash the print well for 15 to 20 minutes. Red Toning Follow the directions for the blue/gray toning. Immerse the print in a light sodium carbonate solution (a pinch to 1,000 ml of water) until red and then wash the print for\nEggplant Black #1 This is a very casual kitchen formula when you don’t have a gram scale. PART A 1 to 2 tsp sodium carbonate (very flexible) stirred into solution in 1 quart water Be aware of how much sodium carbonate you use in Part A. You may find that 1 to 2 tsp is far too strong a mix for your prints. If this is the case, then either make a new Part A with a pinch of sodium carbonate or add more water to the solution. PART B 4 to 10 Tbs tannic acid added and mixed really well into 1 quart water This tannic mix is much stronger than you may need to get the job done but I have found it works for me, so include it in this formula. If you find it is too strong for your prints then simply reduce the amount of tannic acid in the Part B formula.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://lsrworld.plasticsnews.com/article/20180223/LSRWORLD/302239999&template=printthis", "date": "2018-05-27T19:14:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794870082.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180527190420-20180527210420-00274.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.919711172580719, "token_count": 1610, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__114919697", "lang": "en", "text": "Düsseldorf, Germany — Medical molders need liquid silicone rubber materials that cure quickly and at lower temperatures. Dow Performance Silicones featured the novel, innovative elastomers at two recent presentations.\nStéphane Cornelis, responsible for medical application engineering and technical service at Dow Performance Silicones in Seneffe, Belgium, spoke Nov. 14 about development and benchmark evaluation of the new QP1-33XX series medical quality LSR.\nThe material, launched at the Compamed trade fair in Düsseldorf, cures well below 140° C, which enables molders to use thermally sensitive additives and to do two-component molding of LSR with thermoplastics with lower heat resistance than glass-fiber-reinforced nylon or polybutylene terephthlate, which are the plastics most frequently used for LSR/thermoplastic molding.\nStarting in 2016, Dow submitted QP1-3350 (Shore A50) to benchmarking tests on its Engel all-electric e-Max 100 liquid injection molding press. The machine, in Dow's Seneffe technical center, has 100 metric tons of clamping force.\nDow compared QP1-33XX with two standard LSR grades available at that time from two competing LSR producers, varying injection speed, holding pressure and mold temperature.\nIt also included its standard QP1-50 in the tests and another new Dow medical grade, QP1-250, a slow storage modulus and low “structure rebuild” Shore A50 LSR with its low dynamic viscosity rheology enabling easier flow for fast molding at lower injection pressure.\nCornelis observed “slow structure rebuild capability was demonstrated by fast constant rate metering without any delay after holding time.”\nDow showed the molded part of a respiratory mask at its Compamed booth, molded in QP1-250 by Sankt Augustin, Germany-based Intersurgical GmbH.\nThere was little difference between the materials in cure time at 180° C, but there was 15 seconds faster cure with QP1-3350 than the fastest curing of the competitors’ LSR at 120° C, which widened to a 133-second advantage at 100° C.\nAlthough QP1-3350 tear strength at 30 kN/m (without post-cure) was lower than 44 and 46 kN/m for QP1-50 and QP1-250, it was higher than the 21 and 25 kN/m values for the competitors’ LSRs. There was little difference in tensile strength values between the different LSRs.\nQP1-3350 post-molding compression set at 52 percent was slightly lower than competitors’ 60 to 62 percent values, but it was higher than the 39.1 percent for QP1-50. Post-cure tests were made at 200° C/4h and 200° C/8h, the latter showing significant differences, with QP1-3350 almost twice as high at 19 percent than competitors’ grades at 10 percent and much higher than the 6 percent value for QP1-250, while QP1-50 achieved 17 percent.\nBased on 180 mm x 130 mm x 2 mm test plaque molding, Cornelis pointed out that one of the competitor’s grades had been found to need 100 tonnes clamping force due to 608 bar injection pressure, but that QP1-3350 with 325 bar and QP1-250 with 365 bar (injection speed 50 cm3/s) could be molded on a 50 tonnes clamping force machine.\nCornelis supported this by showing a chart in which the new QP grades had lower injection pressure at a given injection speed. Overall, 44-second cycle time at 120 °C (560 bar) was faster for QP1-3350 than the 78 seconds needed for the above-mentioned competitor’s material (540 bar).\nSo aside from widening additive and thermoplastic co-molding options, there are productivity and cost benefits from QP1-3350 with a smaller molding machine and faster cycle time, Cornelis said. He said it is also easier to mold thick wall parts, such as optical lenses, faster with this new material.\nQP1-250, on the other hand, also offers particular advantages when producing LSR parts in molds with large numbers of mold cavities.\nIn a separate Dow Performance Silicones presentation at the Nov. 15 Compamed suppliers forum, Pennadam Sivanand, EMEA manager in Seneffe medical technology development, application engineering and technical service, talked about another new low-temperature and fast-cure Dow material, the QP1-5040 self-adhesive (SA) Shore A40 hardness medical-grade LSR.\nSivanand illustrated the material’s low-temperature cure by showing the same 100° C cure profile chart for QP1-3350 as Cornelis had done the previous day — the one with up to 133 seconds faster cure than competitors’ LSR grades.\nSivanand said medical industry OEMs seek biocompatible elastomer solutions that withstand disinfection requirements and can be molded with fast cycle times. He said attractiveness of the new SA LSR is due to ability to eliminate mechanical interlocking and primers, with the higher efficiency and faster molding cycle time resulting in cost reduction.\nDow chose to investigate QP1-5040 bond strength in two-component molding with Tritan copolyester from Capelle aan den Ijssel, Netherlands-based Eastman Chemical BV, a thermoplastic resin similar in cost to medical-grade polycarbonate, yet free of bisphenol A and with higher stress cracking resistance to aggressive chemicals. Sivanand also talked about Tritan’s high clarity and UV resistance.\nThe SA technology behind QP1-5040 is based on use of “well-known system D adhesion promoters” acting as coupling agents to establish bonded interfaces through “diffuse interphase interpenetrating networks,” Sivanand said. LSR/copolyester adhesive pull-off tests on compression molded plaques with co-polyesters with 66 psi (0.46 MPa) heat distortion temperatures (HDT) of 95° C, 100° C and 110° C showed pull-off force rising from 154 N/25 mm for one of two 95° C HDT grades to 183 N/25 mm for the 110° C HDT copolyester.\nCohesive failure, meaning extent of damage to the substrate with which the LSR was bonded, was understandably 0 percent for stainless steel, with large differences between PC grades (below 1 percent and 65 percent), yet highest at 95 percent with copolyester.\nTarget applications for the new SA-LSR/Tritan material combinations include respiratory care masks (as an alternative to more expensive transparent nylon and similar-cost PC substrates). Potential is also seen in medical components, devices, enclosures, wearable monitors and various molded-on gaskets and seals.\nAside from the presentations by Cornelis and Sivanand in the Compamed suppliers forum, Dow Medical global strategic marketing director Gary Lord held a short material science choices presentation in the Medica medical industry fair. Dow exhibited at both of the parallel shows.\nLord talked about how Dow contributes with its silicone materials to the “growing phenomenon of the internet of medical things.”\nDow Performance Silicones is a global business unit of DowDuPont Inc.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://scps.sumterschools.org/sys/content/newspost/78094aaff3444e1ba3e2cc0aecad80e9", "date": "2021-12-05T02:05:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363134.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20211205005314-20211205035314-00401.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9351889491081238, "token_count": 116, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__32326642", "lang": "en", "text": "PRE-K PUMPKIN EXPERIMENT\nSumter County Primary School Pre-K students in Mrs. Cynthia Reuda and Ms. Laquinitha Williams' class did a chemical reaction experiment by making a pumpkin volcano. Students learned that mixing the base, baking soda, and the acid, vinegar, produced a gas called carbon dioxide. Each student had the chance to add in dish soap or food coloring for the pumpkin volcano.\nPictured: Mrs. Cynthia Rueda with her class and Natalie Prince and Estefany Ardon Ramos pouring in dish soap", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://petcann.com.au/faqs/", "date": "2024-02-26T18:44:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474661.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226162136-20240226192136-00749.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9443649053573608, "token_count": 987, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__168398521", "lang": "en", "text": "Discover answers from our PetCann experts\nCannabidiol, commonly known as CBD, is the second most abundant phytocannabinoid that comes from the cannabis plant. It is characterised by very low toxicity and is non-psychoactive and non-addictive. CBD is a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and exerts therapeutic effects by interacting with multiple receptors in the body. It can be used to improve treatment outcomes for a wide variety of conditions in pets including chronic pain, osteoarthritis, epilepsy and anxiety.\nCannabidiol, CBD, works through its interactions with multiple body systems and particularly, through the relationship it has with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). Through these various mechanisms and interactions with various receptors, CBD may help reduce inflammation, pain and also exert anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and anti-nausea benefits.\nIn Australia, veterinarians can only legally prescribe medical cannabinoids for animals which satisfy the requirements for cannabidiol (CBD) formulations under Schedule 4 (this means the formulation contains 98% or more CBD and less than 2% of total other cannabinoids). In contrast, medicinal cannabis formulations available for humans are available with varying levels of CBD, THC (another phytocannabinoid with psychoactive properties) and other cannabinoids. Human medicinal cannabis products are often Schedule 8 and not allowed for pets.\nBecause of the size and species differences between pets and humans, the concentration and dosing of medicinal cannabis for pets will also vary significantly from human products. Human preparations have varying concentrations of the active molecules as well as other ingredients that most likely are unsuitable and potentially unsafe for pets.\nBoth THC and CBD are phytocannabinoids from the cannabis plant.\nTetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most commonly known compound from the cannabis plant and known for its psychoactive effects.\nCannabidiol (CBD) is the second most abundant part of the cannabis plant and is known best for its strong anti-inflammatory benefits. CBD is non-psychoactive, non-addictive and has a low level of toxicity.\nCBD preparations are becoming increasingly used by veterinarians to help treat and / or manage a range of diseases and signs in our pets. In Australia, vets can legally prescribe medical cannabinoids for animals which satisfy the requirements for CBD under Schedule 4 and must contain 98% or more CBD and less than 2% of total other cannabinoids.\nCBD, a phytocannabanoid derived from the cannabis plant, possesses various therapeutic benefits and can only be legally obtained with a prescription from your vet.\nHemp products are being increasingly marketed as healthy treats for both humans and pets. While hemp may provide health benefits, it doesn’t contain CBD oil or the therapeutic benefits attributable to CBD oil. Hemp seed oil is a good source of omegas and has health benefits of its own. Hemp seed oil is not the same as CBD oil and does not offer the same therapeutic benefits.\nMedical cannabis can be administered to pets orally (by mouth) or topically (direct to skin). Currently, PetCann provides oils, topicals, treats and chews for dogs and oils and topicals for cats. Your vet may prescribe a CBD isolate product (only contains CBD) or a CBD isolate:broadspectrum blend (that still contains >98%CBD).\nIf you have a pet other than a dog or cat that you think would benefit from CBD, please reach out to us.\nYes, your pet needs a prescription to obtain CBD products in Australia. In Australia, CBD oils that are 98% CBD and 2% or less other cannabinoids, are classed as a Schedule 4 substance. Veterinarians can legally prescribe medical cannabinoids for animals that satisfy the requirements for CBD under Schedule 4.\nIf you are a vet, please head over to our vet page to register.\nIn short, no. CBD is a non-psychoactive extract from the cannabis plant. If you are only giving pure CBD without THC, it will not make your pet feel high.\nThere’s an increasing amount of CBD products available online. The key thing to remember is that CBD and other medicinal cannabis products sold online in Australia are illegal. CBD products bought online with no prescription come with no guarantee of contents. They may be ineffective or worse still, toxic and dangerous; potentially containing an unknown blend of cannabinoids, contaminants including pesticides, microbial or even heavy metal contamination.\nPetCann supports pet parents throughout Australia by connecting them to local vets with an understanding of and access to cannabidiol medicines specifically formulated for pets.\nPetCann supports vets throughout Australia with education on and access to cannabidiol medicines for treating animals, with a simple prescription process and timely delivery.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.magcraft.com/electricity", "date": "2024-04-17T18:27:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817171.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417173445-20240417203445-00325.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9779713153839111, "token_count": 2144, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__125669074", "lang": "en", "text": "Your cart is empty!\nIt was discovered centuries ago that certain types of materials would mysteriously attract one another being rubbed together. For example: after rubbing a piece of silk against a piece of glass, the silk and glass would tend to stick together. Indeed, there was an attractive force that could be demonstrated even when the two materials were separated:\nGlass and silk aren't the only materials known to behave like this. Anyone who has ever brushed up against a latex balloon only to find that it tries to stick to them has experienced this same phenomenon. Paraffin wax and wool cloth are another pair of materials early experimenters recognized as manifesting attractive forces after being rubbed together:\nThis phenomenon became even more interesting when it was discovered that identical materials, after having been rubbed with their respective cloths, always repelled each other:\nIt was also noted that when a piece of glass rubbed with silk was exposed to a piece of wax rubbed with wool, the two materials would attract one another:\nFurthermore, it was found that any material demonstrating properties of attraction or repulsion after being rubbed could be classed into one of two distinct categories: attracted to glass and repelled by wax, or repelled by glass and attracted to wax. It was either one or the other: there were no materials found that would be attracted to or repelled by both glass and wax, or that reacted to one without reacting to the other.\nMore attention was directed toward the pieces of cloth used to do the rubbing. It was discovered that after rubbing two pieces of glass with two pieces of silk cloth, not only did the glass pieces repel each other, but so did the cloths. The same phenomenon held for the pieces of wool used to rub the wax:\nNow, this was really strange to witness. After all, none of these objects were visibly altered by the rubbing, yet they definitely behaved differently than before they were rubbed. Whatever change took place to make these materials attract or repel one another was invisible.\nSome experimenters speculated that invisible \"fluids\" were being transferred from one object to another during the process of rubbing, and that these \"fluids\" were able to effect a physical force over a distance. Charles Dufay was one the early experimenters who demonstrated that there were definitely two different types of changes wrought by rubbing certain pairs of objects together. The fact that there was more than one type of change manifested in these materials was evident by the fact that there were two types of forces produced: attraction and repulsion. The hypothetical fluid transfer became known as a charge.\nOne pioneering researcher, Benjamin Franklin, came to the conclusion that there was only one fluid exchanged between rubbed objects, and that the two different \"charges\" were nothing more than either an excess or a deficiency of that one fluid. After experimenting with wax and wool, Franklin suggested that the coarse wool removed some of this invisible fluid from the smooth wax, causing an excess of fluid on the wool and a deficiency of fluid on the wax. The resulting disparity in fluid content between the wool and wax would then cause an attractive force, as the fluid tried to regain its former balance between the two materials.\nPostulating the existence of a single \"fluid\" that was either gained or lost through rubbing accounted best for the observed behavior: that all these materials fell neatly into one of two categories when rubbed, and most importantly, that the two active materials rubbed against each other always fell into opposing categories as evidenced by their invariable attraction to one another. In other words, there was never a time where two materials rubbed against each other both became either positive or negative.\nFollowing Franklin's speculation of the wool rubbing something off of the wax, the type of charge that was associated with rubbed wax became known as \"negative\" (because it was supposed to have a deficiency of fluid) while the type of charge associated with the rubbing wool became known as \"positive\" (because it was supposed to have an excess of fluid). Little did he know that his innocent conjecture would cause much confusion for students of electricity in the future!\nPrecise measurements of electrical charge were carried out by the French physicist Charles Coulomb in the 1780's using a device called a torsional balance measuring the force generated between two electrically charged objects. The results of Coulomb's work led to the development of a unit of electrical charge named in his honor, the coulomb. If two \"point\" objects (hypothetical objects having no appreciable surface area) were equally charged to a measure of 1 coulomb, and placed 1 meter (approximately 1 yard) apart, they would generate a force of about 9 billion newtons (approximately 2 billion pounds), either attracting or repelling depending on the types of charges involved.\nIt discovered much later that this \"fluid\" was actually composed of extremely small bits of matter called electrons, so named in honor of the ancient Greek word for amber: another material exhibiting charged properties when rubbed with cloth. Experimentation has since revealed that all objects are composed of extremely small \"building-blocks\" known as atoms, and that these atoms are in turn composed of smaller components known as particles. The three fundamental particles comprising atoms are called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms are far too small to be seen, but if we could look at one, it might appear something like this:\nEven though each atom in a piece of material tends to hold together as a unit, there's actually a lot of empty space between the electrons and the cluster of protons and neutrons residing in the middle.\nThis crude model is that of the element carbon, with six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons. In any atom, the protons and neutrons are very tightly bound together, which is an important quality. The tightly-bound clump of protons and neutrons in the center of the atom is called the nucleus, and the number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its elemental identity: change the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, and you change the type of atom that it is. In fact, if you could remove three protons from the nucleus of an atom of lead, you will have achieved the old alchemists' dream of producing an atom of gold! The tight binding of protons in the nucleus is responsible for the stable identity of chemical elements, and the failure of alchemists to achieve their dream.\nNeutrons are much less influential on the chemical character and identity of an atom than protons, although they are just as hard to add to or remove from the nucleus, being so tightly bound. If neutrons are added or gained, the atom will still retain the same chemical identity, but its mass will change slightly and it may acquire strange nuclear properties such as radioactivity.\nHowever, electrons have significantly more freedom to move around in an atom than either protons or neutrons. In fact, they can be knocked out of their respective positions (even leaving the atom entirely!) by far less energy than what it takes to dislodge particles in the nucleus. If this happens, the atom still retains its chemical identity, but an important imbalance occurs. Electrons and protons are unique in the fact that they are attracted to one another over a distance. It is this attraction over distance which causes the attraction between rubbed objects, where electrons are moved away from their original atoms to reside around atoms of another object.\nElectrons tend to repel other electrons over a distance, as do protons with other protons. The only reason protons bind together in the nucleus of an atom is because of a much stronger force called the strong nuclear force which has effect only under very short distances. Because of this attraction/repulsion behavior between individual particles, electrons and protons are said to have opposite electric charges. That is, each electron has a negative charge, and each proton a positive charge. In equal numbers within an atom, they counteract each other's presence so that the net charge within the atom is zero. This is why the picture of a carbon atom had six electrons: to balance out the electric charge of the six protons in the nucleus. If electrons leave or extra electrons arrive, the atom's net electric charge will be imbalanced, leaving the atom \"charged\" as a whole, causing it to interact with charged particles and other charged atoms nearby. Neutrons are neither attracted to or repelled by electrons, protons, or even other neutrons, and are consequently categorized as having no charge at all.\nThe process of electrons arriving or leaving is exactly what happens when certain combinations of materials are rubbed together: electrons from the atoms of one material are forced by the rubbing to leave their respective atoms and transfer over to the atoms of the other material. In other words, electrons comprise the \"fluid\" hypothesized by Benjamin Franklin. The operational definition of a coulomb as the unit of electrical charge (in terms of force generated between point charges) was found to be equal to an excess or deficiency of about 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons. Or, stated in reverse terms, one electron has a charge of about 0.00000000000000000016 coulombs. Being that one electron is the smallest known carrier of electric charge, this last figure of charge for the electron is defined as the elementary charge.\nThe result of an imbalance of this \"fluid\" (electrons) between objects is called static electricity. It is called \"static\" because the displaced electrons tend to remain stationary after being moved from one material to another. In the case of wax and wool, it was determined through further experimentation that electrons in the wool actually transferred to the atoms in the wax, which is exactly opposite of Franklin's conjecture! In honor of Franklin's designation of the wax's charge being \"negative\" and the wool's charge being \"positive,\" electrons are said to have a \"negative\" charging influence. Thus, an object whose atoms have received a surplus of electrons is said to be negatively charged, while an object whose atoms are lacking electrons is said to be positively charged, as confusing as these designations may seem. By the time the true nature of electric \"fluid\" was discovered, Franklin's nomenclature of electric charge was too well established to be easily changed, and so it remains to this day.\nLessons In Electric Circuits copyright (C) 2000-2002 Tony R. Kuphaldt, under the terms and conditions of the Design Science License.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://melbournerapidhivtests.com.au/hiv-news/important-interactions-between-hiv-treatments-and-recreational-drugs/", "date": "2017-08-19T05:20:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105304.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819051034-20170819071034-00690.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9187654256820679, "token_count": 478, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__106569939", "lang": "en", "text": "If you are treated with any HIV drug, in particular ritonavir or cobicistat it’s vital you understand these can interact in a dangerous fashion with recreational drugs such as MDMA, Ketamine but also doctor prescribed medications such as Viagra or benzodiazapines such as Valium.\nAs reported at AidsMap:\nThe most important ‘take-home’ message of the review is that the two prescribed medications which are most likely to be involved in harmful interactions with recreational drugs are ritonavir (Norvir) and cobicistat (Tybost)…\nSeveral widely used recreational drugs are metabolised by either CYP2D6 or CYP3A4, the same liver enzymes which metabolise ritonavir and cobicistat. These are:\n- Crystal methamphetamine (crystal, tina, meth)\n- MDMA (ecstasy, X, mandy)\n- Mephedrone (miaw miaw, plant food, bath salts)\n- Ketamine (K, vitamin K, special K)\n- Erectile dysfunction drugs (Viagra, Cialis, Levitra)\n- Benzodiazepines (benzos, Valium, Xanax)\nThe authors judge the potential for interactions with the first three drugs listed to be ‘moderate’ and with the last three to be ‘high’. Although erectile dysfunction drugs and benzodiazepines may be safely prescribed by doctors, when they are obtained through informal channels, the authors say that much larger doses may be taken and there will be no monitoring of side effects.\nWith each party drug, an interaction with ritonavir and cobicistat may increase the intensity of the effect of the illicit drug, sometimes to unpleasant or dangerous levels.\nThere have been case reports of deaths in people using crystal meth and ritonavir, and in people using MDMA and ritonavir. Post-mortems showed that the level of the recreational drugs in these individuals’ blood was much higher than would normally be expected. There have been case reports of acute, serious side-effects in people using ketamine and ritonavir. The authors acknowledge that only a few of these cases have ever been documented.\nDr George Forgan-Smith", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.energuide.be/en/questions-answers/hydrogen-cars-a-promising-solution/2135/", "date": "2023-12-02T18:06:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100448.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202172159-20231202202159-00413.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9456786513328552, "token_count": 996, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__136090916", "lang": "en", "text": "Hydrogen is cheap and its combustion produces only water (no CO2). It produces 3 times as much energy as an equivalent quantity of petrol. So, why don’t all we drive on hydrogen?\nSimply because there is a flip side of the coin. Besides all these advantages, hydrogen has a series of disadvantages for running a car.\nHydrogen is the most abundant chemical component in the universe. Contrary to petrol, gas or coal, hydrogen cannot be found in its raw form in nature. It is not extracted by mining but manufactured by a chemical process.\nTo obtain hydrogen, two processes are possible:\nAt present, 4% of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made by electrolysis and 96% by chemical transformation of fossil fuels, mainly natural gas (48%).\nIf hydrogen were produced solely from renewable electricity, it would be the ideal fuel: unlike petrol, diesel and natural gas, its combustion with oxygen from the air produces only pure water, no CO2 and no particulates whatsoever. It is also non-toxic.\nHydrogen contains three times more energy per kilogram than petrol and can be used in different ways, which is not the case for all other fuels:\nHydrogen can be used to store excess electrical energy produced by renewable energy generation systems that depend on weather conditions:\nHydrogen is very useful in the chemical industry. Moreover, there is a European network of more than 900 km of hydrogen pipelines connecting the north of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and the German industrial basin of the Ruhr.\nHere are some more examples:\nOil companies and electricity producers also have projects related to hydrogen. And others are even thinking of reviving hydrogen-filled airships to replace aircraft in the transport of non-urgent goods.\nOn the automotive side, however, the offering remains very limited: Hyundai and Toyota are the only manufacturers to offer a model priced at around 65,000 to 80,000 euros. Mercedes, BMW and Honda also have hydrogen car projects in the pipeline.\nThe classic combustion engine which equips petrol cars is not suitable for using hydrogen. We have to use an electric motor powered by a fuel cell, which transforms hydrogen into electricity.\nThis process raises questions about efficiency as it involves 2 electrochemical processes. First, the up-front manufacturing of the hydrogen and second, the conversion into electricity. At best, the fuel cell has an efficiency of 40%, and therefore an energy loss of 60%.\nFurthermore, the fuel cell is very expensive (although some car manufacturers announce considerable price cuts) and is delicate and complex to operate. It also requires the use of precious metals, such as platinum, to manufacture it.\nHowever, fuel cells can be useful for heavier technologies such as the space industry.\nOne kilogramme of hydrogen releases as much energy as three litres of petrol. However, hydrogen is the smallest and lightest element in the universe, and its energy density (energy per unit of volume) is very low. That means we need to store a lot of it under high pressure (700 bar) to obtain the amount needed to operate a car.\nSpecifically, a tank filled with 60 l of hydrogen (i.e. 5kg) equals only 13 litres of petrol.\nPrice full fuel tank\n|Hydrogen car||15 €/kg||5 kg||€ 75||0,8 kg/100 km||625 km|\n|Petrol car||1,45 €/l||60 l||€ 87||5-6 l/100 km||1090 km|\nThis high-pressure tank presents an additional risk if the vehicle is in a crash, especially as hydrogen is very volatile and highly inflammable.\nAnother solution consists of liquefying the hydrogen to store it in large quantities in a suitable tank, but that consumes a lot of energy and raises efficiency questions once again.\nTo complete the picture, there are only a few hundred service stations in the world offering hydrogen (of which one is in Zaventem and another in Hal). Four more Belgian service stations are already planned. By 2020 the Benelux should count 8 hydrogen service stations in total. That means filling up is not easy!\nWith regard to mobility, hydrogen is one of the avenues being explored to replace petrol and combustion engines. While not everyone believes in the future of hydrogen for this particular use, everyone agrees that we will need multiple solutions to meet the energy challenge.\nIn the field of alternative vehicles, cars powered by natural gas are another very interesting concept and easier to implement technically. Just like the electric car. Take a look at our dossier to find out everything about electric and natural gas vehicles.\nAt the European level, the Hytrec project aims to develop the hydrogen pipeline network as an energy carrier across northern Europe, from Scotland to Denmark, Belgium and Germany.\nSubscribe to our newsletter and stay informed about energyfacts.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://avesis.erciyes.edu.tr/yayin/dc298ea0-77b5-4bac-8981-c44b2a896e7d/s-p-coupling-induced-unusual-open-shell-metal-clusters", "date": "2022-08-18T04:39:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00793.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9383973479270935, "token_count": 174, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__49669142", "lang": "en", "text": "Metal clusters featuring closed supershells or aromatic character usually exhibit remarkably enhanced stability in their cluster series. However, not all stable clusters are subject to these fundamental constraints. Here, by employing photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we present experimental and theoretical evidence on the existence of unexpectedly stable open-shell clusters, which are more stable than their closed-shell and aromatic counterparts. The stabilization of these open-shell Al-Mg clusters is proposed to originate from the S-P molecular orbital coupling, leading to highly stable species with increased HOMO-LUMO gaps, akin to s-p hybridization in an organic carbon atom that is beneficial to form stable species. Introduction of the coupling effect highlighted here not only shows the limitations of the conventional closed-shell model and aromaticity but also provides the possibility to design valuable building blocks.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://facilities.utsa.edu/announcements/scheduled-exhaust-fan-system-maintenance-at-the-fln-building/", "date": "2021-04-20T14:10:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039398307.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420122023-20210420152023-00603.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9204314351081848, "token_count": 113, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__174821421", "lang": "en", "text": "(March 31, 2021) – A routine preventive maintenance has been scheduled for the exhaust fan system at the Flawn Sciences Building (FLN). Work will begin on Monday, April 5 at 6 a.m. and end on Friday, April 9.\nThroughout the maintenance, fume hoods will not be available for use, and chemicals should not be stored inside them. All other systems such as building power, air conditioning, and exhaust will not be affected.\nFor additional information, contact the Facilities Service Center at (210) 458-4262.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.cerebellumcarnival.com/product/doughlab-bake/", "date": "2020-09-26T11:10:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400241093.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926102645-20200926132645-00158.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9504434466362, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__293490666", "lang": "en", "text": "This kitchen science kit is the newest take on the iconic easy-bake-oven. The DoughLab Bake and Learn will walk your child through how to work with yeast and make tasty loaves of bread. What’s even better is that you can do this activity from the comfort of your own kitchen. You’ll learn all about science while getting to reap the rewards of eating tasty bread at the end of the experiment.\nWith this kit, you’ll have enough supplies for over 5 different experiments (3 loaves of bread total, though) to learn about yeast and gluten. The kit includes 1 pound of high-protein flour, 7g dry yeast, three baking tins, 3 graduated mixing containers, inflatable gloves, wooden mixing sticks, measuring spoons, sugar and salt.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://artpostgallery.com/category/etchings/", "date": "2017-04-26T19:29:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121644.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00173-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9451335668563843, "token_count": 196, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__23055836", "lang": "en", "text": "In traditional pure etching, a metal (usually copper, zinc or steel) plate is covered with a waxy material that is resistant to acid. The artist then scratches off the material with a pointed etching needle where he or she wants a line to appear in the finished piece, so exposing the bare metal. The plate is then dipped in a bath of acid. The acid \"bites\" into the metal where it is exposed, leaving behind lines sunk into the plate. The remaining protective material is then cleaned off the plate. The plate is inked all over, and then the ink wiped off the surface, leaving only the ink in the etched lines. The plate is then put through a high-pressure printing press together with a sheet of paper. The paper picks up the ink from the etched lines, making a print. The process can be repeated many times. Prints can be printed on various kinds of paper to create specific effects and further enhanced with hand coloring.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.jobsinscience.com/jobs/details.asp?job=graduate-formulation-technician--5-1606", "date": "2019-04-19T20:52:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528058.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419201105-20190419223105-00480.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9589942097663879, "token_count": 179, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__117150200", "lang": "en", "text": "Contact one of our consultants\nGraduate Formulation Technician in Hampshire\nThe company help to optimise the development of products in the agrochemical and associated industries. They are located near Portsmouth and use formulation, analytical & testing equipment to develop & evaluate crop protection formulations.\nThey are looking for a Formulation Technician to work on a variety of challenging projects. You would be preparing and testing formulations using a wide range of techniques. They are a well-known company and offer great opportunities for learning and progression.\nThey are looking for a graduate with a 1st or 2:1 BSc or MSc degree in chemistry or similar. They would also consider non graduates, with a BTEC or HTEC in Chemistry, with at least 2 years of relevant experience.\nThey are offering a competitive salary, as well as flexible working hours, private health care and a stakeholder pension scheme.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://colospeed.uk/articles/how-do-aspirin-and-omega-3-fatty-acids-prevent-bowel-cancer-an-investigation-from-the-seafood-polyp-prevention-trial/", "date": "2024-02-21T01:03:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473360.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221002544-20240221032544-00770.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.963996410369873, "token_count": 230, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__172397362", "lang": "en", "text": "A paper from our STOP-ADENOMA study (which follows on from a completed clinical trial called seAFOod) has been published in the Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids journal.\nBelow is a summary of the paper (which can also be viewed online):\nSome researchers have suggested that substances called resolvins and lipoxins, which are derived from naturally-occurring fats in the body, might explain how aspirin and the omega-3 EPA reduce bowel cancer risk. In this study, we analysed blood and bowel wall samples from individuals who took part in the seAFOod trial, during which aspirin and EPA was prescribed for 12 months. We did not detect resolvin E or aspirin-triggered lipoxin in any of the samples that were tested. This is the longest study that tested for these substances. The results do not support the idea that resolvins or lipoxins are important for the anti-cancer activity of aspirin or EPA.\nFor more information on STOP-ADENOMA, please see the study page below.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://jack-joseph.com/pages/lab-grown-diamonds", "date": "2023-09-24T11:26:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506632.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924091344-20230924121344-00543.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.939474880695343, "token_count": 1356, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__86318674", "lang": "en", "text": "Lab Grown Diamonds\nHow Lab Grown Diamonds Are Made\nAs technology and scientific expertise progresses, humans have found ways to replicate the natural world. Whether it be growing foods that are bigger and more plentiful than in generations past or medicines that supplement deficiencies in our bodies, we have found ways to work past natural limitations. Diamonds are no different. The biggest positive in the differences between lab grown diamonds and mined diamonds are that lab grown diamonds improve on the difficulties faced when mining diamonds. Without having to deal with limited reserves and socioeconomic controversies, lab diamonds are able to provide consumers with the same product they desire with less of a negative impact.\nFrom Myth to Mastercraft\nSo how are they actually made? Lab grown diamonds, also referred to as man made diamonds or engineered diamonds, are formed by simulating the conditions that diamonds experience while naturally forming over billions of years.\nThe idea of conjuring diamonds at will has been a fantasy as old as time but Scientists have been trying to replicate diamonds since the late 18th Century. In 1797, it was discovered that diamonds are a form of pure carbon. Centuries would pass as scientists tried to produce their own diamonds by exposing carbon to high pressure and temperatures. It wouldn’t be until the mid 20th century, when scientists, such as Percy Bridgman and Tracy Hall would establish the methods we use today. In the decades since, laboratory diamond techniques have been mastered to a point where it is now financially viable to produce lab made diamonds for public consumption.\nThere are two methods that are most popular when it comes to creating diamonds in a laboratory. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and High Pressure High Temperature (HTHP). These practices originated from Bridgman and Hall’s studies and are now commonplace for lab grown diamond companies.\nBoth the CVD and HPHT methods utilize diamond seeds. Diamond seeds are small samples of mined diamonds used to start the diamond growing process. Usually a type IIA diamond seed is used as it provides a high quality starting point. These diamond seeds might be miniscule but they are just what is needed to kick off the chemical reaction necessary to form diamonds.\nChemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Diamonds\nCVD diamonds are formed when a diamond seed reacts to hydrocarbon gasses under low pressure microwaves. In normal circumstances this process would create a carbon byproduct like grafite. In the controlled environment of a CVD growth chamber the gas creates a plasma, whose molecules break apart at a high enough temperature and the carbon bonds with the diamond seed.\nInitially, CVD growth chambers could only process one diamond seed at a time but as technology has improved, so has the capabilities of CVD. The best lab grown diamond companies can take on dozens of diamond seeds at a time.\nHigh Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)\nHPHT diamonds are formed by providing pressure and high temperatures to a diamond seed and carbon. This strenuous process provides the tension needed to trigger the chemical reaction needed to form diamonds.\nThe HPHT process is a replication of the natural diamond growing process. Instead of having the natural pressures and temperatures beneath the earth form diamonds over billions of years, we are able to recreate that same conditions in a controlled environment; allows us to speed up the process.\nAnother positive of creating diamonds in a controlled environment such as a lab is that the diamonds cannot be contaminated and are as pure as can be. In nature, diamonds often have other chemicals entering the formation process, diluting the purity of the finished product. Laboratory grown diamonds can guarantee that they’ve been watched every step of the way, ensuring we provide the best lab created diamonds available.\nWhether using the CVD method or the HPHT method the outcome should be the same; a high quality diamond. Now that the formation process is over, the diamond goes through the same process of cleaning and shaping that a mined diamond would go through. Clearing away any ecess carbon and creating the clean cuts that make a diamond a true object of adoration. To the human eye a manufactured diamond and a mined diamond are identical.\nColors and Other Possibilities\nOne of the unique and great possibilities available with lab grown diamond is the amount of options for creating a special gem. As stated before, lab diamonds are formed in a controlled environment, adding color or increasing size is only a matter of demand. If you are looking for a fancy pink engagement ring lab grown diamonds are your way to go. Aside from the previously mentioned carbons, adding color pigment is an easy solution to providing new options in designer jewelry. Blue yellow and pink diamonds are popular options that show diamonds in a new light.\nThe other big opportunity in lab diamonds is the ability to provide sizes only imaginable for royalty. Increasing the ratio of the diamond growing process is the key to providing gems that would usually be impossible to afford. Of course there are limits when it comes to lab capabilities and consumer demand but if you’re looking to go big you’d be pressed to find a mined diamond of similar size.\nAt first it might seem strange that diamonds can be made in a lab but once you know how it actually works it's not actually so different. It’s less about finding a new way to acquire diamonds and more about replicating the earth’s natural methods and working from there. By simulating the same pressure and temperature that a natural diamond goes through we aren’t creating a near diamond we’re creating the real thing.\nThis centuries long process of trial and error has taught us that creating diamonds is less like witchcraft and more like growing any other natural produce. Diamond growing is a science that is always evolving. While we are able to create some truly extraordinary jewels at this moment, who knows what we might be capable of providing in the coming years?\nWhether it be a demand for jewelry or manufacturing needs the popularity of diamonds is here to stay. Regardless of if it’s for practicality or adornment, diamonds are an intrinsic mineral that we covet more than most but like any natural resource it is limited. Lab diamonds solve this issue allowing for more opportunities to be had. Especially when traditional diamond suppliers limit their supply or threaten scarcity through methods of questionable ethics.\nLab diamonds serve as an option that provides more opportunities, is less detrimental to the environment, and overall less costly. Getting a quality stone that offers more of what you are looking for with less boundaries restricted by inventory, price, or physical limitations.\nWith all the possibilities available, buying a diamond engagement ring should have a lot more options thanks to lab grown diamonds.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://grabpiece.com/products/super-ceramic-car-coating", "date": "2021-01-16T11:24:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506640.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116104719-20210116134719-00256.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8949658274650574, "token_count": 434, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__56207343", "lang": "en", "text": "Super Ceramic Car Coating\nOriginal Price $50.95\nCurrent Price $29.95\n- 100% colorless and transparent nanotech coating\n- Easy application - Apply at normal temperature and pressure. No need heating. Natural drying for 48 hours\n- Act as a barrier coating over the surface from any possible harm to your car or glass\n- It protects your car from aging, fading, weather and sunlight erosion, acid rain, industry powder, etc.\n- Anti-static, weather-resistant nano-coating that shines and protects your vehicle\n- Super-hydrophobic glass coating, h9 hardness\n- One application can last two years\n- The super durable high gloss finish will never crack, peel off or turn yellow.\n- Can be applied to Painted Surface, Rim, Lamp Cover, Plastic, Rubber, Metal surface, etc.\n- Non-toxic, harmless and environmentally friendly\n- Offers a deep, rich gloss with self-cleaning properties, making future washing of your vehicle, faster and easier\nHow to apply?\nPrepare the car with a deep wash to create the perfect surface to apply your Ceramic Car Coating!\n- Add a few drops of liquid to the cloth that is wrapped around the sponge.\n- Apply the liquid gently to the surface and spread it evenly.\n- Wipe the surface with a lint-free cloth.\n- Material: Polysiloxane and other Nanomaterials\n- Hardness: 9H hardness\n- Durability: 3-5 years\n- Coating Thickness: 30um\n- Gloss: Excellent high gloss effect, shiny as a mirror\n- Anti-corrosion: PH tolerance: PH2-12\n- Heat Resistance: Up to 760 degree\n- Consumption: 30ml\n- We ship Worldwide!\n- The product gets shipped out within 2-3 days of placing the order. There could be a slight delay in the delivery of shipments as we are experiencing a heavy rush due to the holiday season. Please allow for a maximum of 1-4 weeks for our product to deliver.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fun-backyard-activities.com/is-epoxy-resin-toxic-in-depth-report/", "date": "2023-12-11T05:32:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679103558.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211045204-20231211075204-00609.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9146108627319336, "token_count": 3316, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__190146709", "lang": "en", "text": "Do you plan to implement epoxy resin on a patio floor, renovate a kitchen countertop, or work on an outdoor pool? It’s incredible stuff with a gorgeous finished product. However, the toxicity of epoxy resin poses several small risks that might become a serious health problem if proper measures and safety equipment such as safety glasses and excellent ventilation are not taken.\nPeople have numerous concerns, and rightfully so since your lungs, skin, and overall health are essential. Is epoxy Resin toxic? The answer is not straightforward. Yes, but it’s near enough, so learn about all the hazards that high amounts of exposure can have and how to avoid them here.\nIs Epoxy Resin Toxic?\nPure Epoxy Resin is generally non-toxic to animals and humans. Furthermore, the risk of ingestion is relatively low too. However, using it for a long time without common sense and proper precautions might create health issues in the future. For instance, about 10% of individuals working with epoxy resin experience irritating contact dermatitis symptoms.\nNearly all of the primary components in epoxy resins are irritants and occupational allergens in varying degrees. Excessive or long-time use of epoxy resins and hardeners usually is dangerous.\nHowever, Epoxy is usually food safe once cured, provided it adheres to the FDA’s stringent guidelines. For an epoxy resin item to be food-safe, it must meet the FDA approval and the minimum basic standard for food non-interference. For example, it must not change the taste, smell, or composition of the food. Besides, it also must not have any toxic elements harmful to men.\nAccording to NIOSH, dealing with or being exposed to certain epoxy resins might lead to fertility issues, stillbirth, miscarriage, or babies suffering from birth abnormalities. Some epoxy products are skin sensitizers, which might cause eczema or contact dermatitis.\nReferring to findings released in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 15 participants out of 113 evaluated exhibited asthma symptoms after being exposed to liquid epoxy resins. Besides, according to the study, epoxy resins only induce asthma when it is fluid, not solid plastic.\nSide Effects of Epoxy Poisoning\nWell, epoxy resin poisoning causes a variety of symptoms. However, these signs and symptoms differ among individuals. The following are some of the most common side effects of epoxy poisoning:\n- Chemical Burns\n- Contact Dermatitis\n- Respiratory Irritation\n- Irritation of lungs, throat, and nose.\nIs Epoxy Harmful to Your Respiratory System and Lungs?\nWhen you mix the epoxy resin and curing agent, a reaction lasts until the Epoxy hardens. The combination creates adhesive vapours throughout this process. Breathing these vapours can cause discomfort and asthma, among other respiratory problems.\nOne can get respiratory problems and lung problems by sanding partly hardened epoxy resin. Sanding generates responsive dust particles, which is why it is the case. Allergies and discomfort result from these particles becoming lodged in the respiratory system.\nThe most common health effects of inhaling Epoxy are irritation and inflammation of the lungs, throats, and nose. Sensitization and asthma can develop due to repeated and high exposure levels to such gases.\nEpoxy resin fumes can be poisonous and harmful to your lungs. Difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest pain can be symptoms of exposure to such hazardous fumes. Furthermore, it can even damage your lungs or cause death in severe circumstances.\nBreathing very intense epoxy vapours may irritate and sensitize your respiratory system. Even tiny amounts of epoxy fumes can cause an allergic response if someone is allergic to Epoxy. Epoxy vapour volume increases at higher temperatures or in poorly ventilated areas.\nWhat to Do If You Inhale Vapors: Basic First Aid Procedures?\nWell, if you inhale vapours, the first thing you have to do is leave the place right away. Or, open all windows and doors to let the air pass. If you experience throat irritation only, try drinking milk or other cold fluids. Nonetheless, if you inhale any toxic vapours, you should seek immediate medical attention.\nIs Epoxy a Skin Irritant?\nGetting into contact with liquid epoxy resins may irritate your skin. These are most commonly absorbed through the skin. When it happens frequently enough, even minimal contact with the skin might result in long-term health issues. The skin might absorb hazardous epoxy components after repeated or prolonged exposure in rare situations.\nThe most prevalent adverse reactions of contact with epoxy resin are eczema or allergic dermatitis. Whenever the body overreacts to an allergen, this disease develops. Additionally, note that such ailment can develop after a single or multiple encounters.\nMore importantly, your immune response plays a role in developing this disorder. The intensity and frequency of your resin exposure also determine the severity of the side effect.\nAgain, allergy symptoms may result in breathing issues or inflamed skin. However, the most typical consequence is skin irritation. Itching, swelling, and red eyes are a few skin irritation symptoms.\nWell, when working with a hardener, chemical burns are uncommon. However, if you leave the combination on your skin for too long, it may lead to severe irritation and serious burns. It all begins with a bit of ache and discomfort. With time, the burn may leave a minor scar or discolouration on your skin.\nHowever, the damaged area and the concentration of the hardener will determine the severity of your burn or skin effects. So, remember to remove the epoxy resin from your skin as soon as possible.\nHow Long Do Epoxy Fumes Last?\nGenerally, epoxy fumes last about one to three days in an adequately ventilated area. However, the epoxy resin may linger in the environment for up to a week and emit a foul odour. If you don’t ventilate the room properly, the fumes will last longer.\nTill the Epoxy entirely dries, there could be a residual odour. Well, how long the smell and the fumes would last depends on several factors, including the coating thickness, moisture level, and temperature, to name a few.\nThe Epoxy will take far longer to set in a chilly, damp climate, possibly resulting in toxic fumes for so much more than three days. In areas that are not adequately ventilated, fumes generally take considerably longer to evaporate. Most epoxy coatings will cure entirely in 7 days under usual circumstances.\nHowever, you can use several ways for shortening the time it would take for the fumes to go away. For instance, you can ensure the room has appropriate airflow. Besides, you can open the doors and windows for natural circulation. Furthermore, you may also utilize air conditioning vents or exhaust fans for this purpose.\nIs There a Reason Why Epoxy Resin Is Harmful?\nThe chemical composition of epoxy products determines whether it is harmful or not. Epoxy resins contain various chemicals that connect and harden as they cure. Some goods, thankfully, have natural components, whereas others contain hazardous toxins.\nNon-toxic epoxy resin contains safe elements such as BPF and BPA. On the other hand, toxic resins include dangerous ingredients such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These chemicals, unlike BPA, are incredibly poisonous and might lead to long-term health issues.\nRegrettably, different manufacturers produce their goods in different ways. Furthermore, most firms do not list the components utilized in their epoxy resins. It makes determining whether or not their items include dangerous ingredients difficult. In sum, it’s difficult to tell whether an epoxy is toxic or not unless one identifies its composition.\nIs Epoxy Resin Toxic After Curing\nEpoxy resin is non-toxic after curing. It is when the resin is completely dried and solid. Since photopolymerization has happened already, and the plastic has become inert, dried or cured, Epoxy is not hazardous.\nTo begin with, it implies that the resin substance dries and hardens entirely, preventing any harmful toxins from leaking out. That makes it skin-friendly.\nSecond, because the whole reaction process of molecules is complete, there will be no more VOCs or fumes polluting the environment or irritating the skin. As a result, cured resins are safe to touch, use or walk on.\nIs Epoxy Resin Cancerous\nSome of the epoxy resin might be cancerous. For example, epichlorohydrin might be present in certain epoxy resins. It is a pollutant that has been linked to skin cancer among laboratory animals. Besides, epichlorohydrin can also develop cancer in humans. When searching for epoxy resin, ensure it is free and safe of contaminants like these.\nIs Epoxy Resin Harmful to the Environment in Any Way?\nEpoxy resin harms the environment. It generates hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), posing health risks. It is also extremely harmful to marine creatures, making it bad for the water.\nEpoxy resin is a potentially dangerous and poisonous substance for the environment. Epichlorohydrin, one of epoxy resin’s major components, is an insecticide and pesticide ingredient.\nIt can readily get airborne if you heat or utilize it in open-air locations, such as building sites, since it is volatile and tends to vaporize at room temperature. Epichlorohydrin evaporates into a gas, which mixes into the external environment. So, people breathe it without recognizing it, resulting in prolonged consumption. Thus, it can lead to various health problems, even cancer-related disorders such as leukemia!\nMoreover, epoxy resins are hazardous for humans and other living creatures. It is dangerous to plant habitats and aquatic life. So, overall, using epoxy resin and not disposing of it properly may have significant environmental consequences.\nDoes Epoxy Resin Smell?\nMost epoxy resins have a distinct odour. The degree of the scent is determined by the epoxy resin type and its brand. The smells vary from subtle and hardly detectable to intense, unpleasant, and noxious.\nWhen the resin cures, it involves chemical reactions, causing the Epoxy to dry. When dealing with Epoxy, the smell released by this reaction plus the solvents employed throughout the hardening process is what people smell.\nHowever, the smell levels of more expensive epoxy brands are not too strong would not last for a long time. On the other hand, low-quality epoxy resins smell very bad, and the odour doesn’t disappear quickly.\nEpoxy Safety Precautions Should be Taken\nOne must follow certain safety precautions while dealing with epoxy resins. Doing the work in a well-ventilated place, wearing gloves and safety goggles, etc., are some of the precautions you must take.\nSince epoxy resin might cause some health hazards, it is a must to stay cautious. When handling Epoxy, here are a few points to bear in mind:\n- Wear nitrile gloves, a plastic apron to protect your skin from toxic liquid epoxy resin.\n- Put on some safety goggles to protect your eyes.\n- Use a respirator mask if working with highly poisonous epoxy dust resin.\n- Start your work after ventilating the area properly.\n- Check the ingredients carefully before working with epoxy resin.\nBasic First Aid\nBarrier skin lotions can be used as an extra layer of defence while dealing with epoxy resins. If epoxy chemicals or combinations come into direct contact with the skin, wash it well with water and soap. You can also apply oil-based or citrus cleansers to the affected region. Remove epoxy leaks from your clothes using skin cleansers if feasible.\nWhy Epoxy Remains a Viable Option?\nEpoxy resins have the unique flexibility to cope with every application, one of their key advantages. And due to their eyecatching beauty, affordability, and longevity, they remain a viable option.\nEpoxy resins have both benefits and drawbacks that need to be considered. The following table lists some of their pros and cons:\n|High flexibility level.||The application process might be time-consuming.|\n|Suitable for multiple applications.||Generate toxic fumes.|\n|Highly durable.||Irritate the skin.|\nHowever, you can make many creative kinds of stuff using epoxy resins, and you can also polish Epoxy for a glossy shine. For example, you can make jewellery, decoration pieces, and so on. The beauty and flexibility of epoxy resin make it perfect for creative works.\nMoreover, epoxy resin is a good choice if you want to put up outside flooring. Their toughness makes it a good choice for outdoor pools and patios. Epoxy Resin has a lengthy lifespan due to its durability; this is an ideal sealant for covered patio floors, outdoor kitchen tabletops, and many other items.\nEnvironmentally Friendly Epoxy Substitutes\nConcrete and hard plasters can be a fantastic alternative to epoxy resins. Paraffin wax, Ecopoxy, metal, etc., are also environmentally friendly epoxy substitutes.\nAs I have mentioned earlier, epoxy resin is not an environment-friendly product. It is harmful to humans and other living beings. So, if you want to protect the environment, you must use other alternatives such as concrete, Ecopoxy, latex, alabaster, and so on.\nWhat May Be Substituted for Epoxy In This Case?\nYou can substitute Ecopoxy for Epoxy in this case. Ecopoxy is a biodegradable, organic epoxy resin designed exclusively for woodworking. Besides, you can also use hard plasters, paraffin wax, etc., as an alternative.\nEcopoxy works the same as epoxy resin, but it is not toxic to the environment. It is because it is made from plant sources. Thus, it does not have any harmful contaminants that might cause health problems for humans and other animals. So, Ecopoxy is no doubt the best substitute for epoxy resin.\nBy now, you’ve got your answer to the question, “Is epoxy resin toxic?” The answer is yes. Most epoxy resin contains harmful elements dangerous for humans and the environment. However, the key takeaway with the growing demand for epoxy resins, different companies have started to make eco-friendly epoxy resins! These might be a little costly but no doubt worth it.\nThanks for reading through. Hopefully, you’ve found this article helpful. Best regards!\nSources of Information\nCoatings, L. G. (2020, January 21). How do Epoxies Negatively Affect our Health? | Lifetime Green Coatings. Lifetimegreencoatings.Com. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://blog.lifetimegreencoatings.com/\nRichardson, H. (2021, October 12). Is Epoxy Resin Toxic? A Guide to Epoxy Resin Safety | AeroMarine. Aeromarine Products Inc. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://www.aeromarineproducts.com/epoxy-resin-safety-guide/\nArnold, J. (2021, September 14). The 4 Best Food Safe Epoxy Resins. Wood Epoxy World. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://woodepoxyworld.com/\nThe Journal of Allergy & The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. (2018, August 1). Unhardened epoxy chemicals can cause asthma. www.aaaai.org. Retrieved March 13, 2022, from https://www.aaaai.org/", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://appilitherapeutics.com/2017/04/11/appili-therapeutics-receives-funding-from-the-government-of-canada-to-support-development-of-new-antibiotic-to-treat-gram-negative-infections/", "date": "2023-12-10T16:56:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102612.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210155147-20231210185147-00066.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8781301379203796, "token_count": 609, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__221828385", "lang": "en", "text": "HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, April 11, 2017 – Appili Therapeutics Inc.(“Appili”), an anti-infective drug development company, announced today that it will be receiving an additional $400,000 from the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program (NRC-IRAP), bringing IRAP support for this project to a total of up to $759,000. This funding supports the development of ATI-1503, an antibiotic targeting drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobactor baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These superbugs cause potentially deadly infections, including pneumonia and blood infections.\n“Doctors are fast running out of treatment options and IRAP funding is an important part of our financial strategy for helping Appili develop a new antibiotic that can treat these deadly diseases,” said Kimberly Stephens, CFO of Appili Therapeutics.\nATI-1503 is a synthetic version of the naturally-occurring Negamycin antibiotic. Using IRAP funding, Appili’s expert drug development team will employ advanced X-ray crystallography to visualize the exact structure of ATI-1503 binding to the bacterial target. The crystal structure data is then used to systematically and precisely optimize the potency of ATI-1503 against these drug-resistant infections.\nKlebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobactor baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are Gram-negative bacteria with two cellular walls, making it hard for antibiotics to penetrate. ATI-1503 holds promise for treating these superbugs because it penetrates the double exterior membranes and attacks the protein generating machinery of Gram-negative bacteria.\nAdditionally, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobactor baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa thrive in hospitals and residential care facilities, infecting already vulnerable patients. Because these bacteria are resistant to most antibiotics, they are among the priority pathogens for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization because they pose the highest threat to human health.\nAccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United States over two million cases of drug-resistant infections are reported annually and, with limited treatment options, hospitalization costs for these drug-resistant infections exceed $20 billion a year.\nAbout Appili Therapeutics\nAppili is dedicated to identifying, acquiring and advancing novel therapeutics for infectious disease. The company has two anti-infective programs, ATI-1501 and ATI-1503, in its pipeline. ATI-1501 is a taste-masked treatment for anaerobic infections, including C. difficile. Appili’s second product, ATI-1503, is a novel antibiotic with broad potential to treat drug-resistant Gram-negative infections. For more information visit www.AppiliTherapeutics.com.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://camelliablack.com/blogs/article/the-influence-of-terroir-on-tea-flavor-profiles", "date": "2024-04-25T14:48:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297295329.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425130216-20240425160216-00036.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9116743803024292, "token_count": 426, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__32306201", "lang": "en", "text": "Just as with wine, the concept of terroir plays a crucial role in shaping the distinct flavors and characteristics of tea. Terroir encompasses the environmental factors—such as soil, climate, altitude, and weather conditions—that contribute to the unique taste profiles of tea leaves. Understanding the influence of terroir allows tea enthusiasts to appreciate the diversity and complexity present in their favorite brews.\nThe composition of the soil in which tea plants grow has a profound impact on the flavor of the leaves. Minerals and nutrients from the soil are absorbed by the roots, imparting specific taste elements to the tea. For example, volcanic soils may contribute to teas with a mineral-rich and robust profile.\nClimate and Altitude:\nThe interplay between climate and altitude is another critical factor. Teas grown at higher altitudes often experience cooler temperatures, resulting in slower leaf growth. This slower growth can intensify flavor compounds, yielding teas with more nuanced and complex taste profiles.\nWeather conditions, including rainfall and sunlight, also contribute to the terroir of tea. The timing and intensity of these elements can affect the rate of photosynthesis, altering the chemical composition of the leaves and influencing the tea's aroma, color, and taste.\nDifferent tea-producing regions worldwide have become renowned for specific flavor profiles attributed to their unique terroir. For instance, the Darjeeling region in India is celebrated for its muscatel notes in black tea, while Japanese green teas often exhibit a distinctive umami flavor influenced by the country's terroir.\nThe influence of terroir on tea flavor profiles is a testament to the intricate relationship between nature and the final product in your cup. By recognizing and appreciating the impact of soil, climate, altitude, and weather conditions, tea enthusiasts can deepen their understanding of the diverse and nuanced world of tea. Each sip becomes a journey through the landscapes where the tea leaves have flourished, unveiling the artistry of terroir in every infusion.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://sjziam.cas.cn/sourcedb_sjziam_cas/zw/lw/201904/t20190430_5286549.html", "date": "2019-09-21T13:00:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514574501.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190921125334-20190921151334-00432.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9442492127418518, "token_count": 413, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__23366698", "lang": "en", "text": "Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) plays an important role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Biochar has becoming a great of interest as a mean for carbon sequestration, resulting from its high content of carbon and long-term persistence in soil. Moreover, there is abundance of information about the effect of biochar on the turnover of soil organic carbon; however, up to date, no study has been done on the impact of biochar on soil inorganic carbon pool despite biochar contains inorganic carbon. This study was conducted in a long-term field condition to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha(-1)) on soil inorganic carbon content and composition in the soil profile (0-100 cm). Using stable delta C-13 isotope signatures, the SIC was distinguished into lithogenic and pedogenic inorganic carbon. The results showed that long-term biochar application, at 30, 60 and 90 t ha(-1), increased soil total inorganic carbon by 18.8, 42.4 and 62.3% and native soil inorganic carbon by 7.8, 20.2 and 28.3%, respectively, in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Biochar application at these rates also increased total inorganic carbon in the 20-40 cm soil layer by 13.4, 22.8 and 30.5%, respectively, but did not influence the total inorganic carbon content below the 40 cm soil depth. Moreover, as biochar application rate increased, delta C-13 of native soil inorganic carbon decreased, which indicated that pedogenic inorganic carbon was formed. Biochar application rates were positively related to the pedogenic inorganic carbon contents, however, it did not influence the lithogenic inorganic carbon contents. This is the first study about the effect of biochar application on native inorganic carbon content and its composition, which strengthens the understanding about the role of biochar in soil C sequestration.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.newmindnutrition.com/what-is-cbd-a-basic-guide/", "date": "2022-07-07T05:21:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104683683.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707033101-20220707063101-00591.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9592483043670654, "token_count": 1630, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__200336740", "lang": "en", "text": "Confused about what CBD is and if it’s legal? Get a registered dietitian’s take on this plant-based compound now on New Mind Nutrition.\nCannabidiol (CBD) is one of the many active compounds found in the cannabis plant, with another being tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).\nTHC is what most people think of when they think of cannabis as it’s responsible for the psychoactive properties — a.k.a getting high.\nCBD, on the other hand, has no psychoactive effects. In other words, consuming it won’t get you high.\nInstead, there are a bunch of proposed medicinal benefits of CBD, which we’ll touch on more below.\nBut before we do, there’s one important thing to clear up in order to understand what you’re buying and what’s legal when it comes to CBD: hemp vs. marjuana.\nPersonally, I think this is the most confusing part about learning more about CBD.\nThere are two main types of cannabis plants: sativa and indica.\nHemp plants only belong to the Cannabis sativa family and contain less than 0.3% of THC by weight (in the US).\nAs a result, hemp is usually grown for industrial uses (such as clothing, paper, rope, etc) and medicinal uses thanks to its CBD concentration.\nMarijuna plants can be either sativa or indica. These plants can contain up to 30% THC by weight as well as many other cannabinoids, including CBD.\nStill with me? Good, because it’s about to get a little confusing.\nCBD can come from either hemp or marjunana-labeled cannabis. You can tell which one it’s from as the label will say “hemp-derived” or “marijuna-derived.\nIt’s important to know which you’re getting as with hemp-derived contains less than 0.3% THC; whereas marijana-derived could potentially have higher amounts of THC.\nAs a result, marijuana-derived CBD oils may have psychoactive properties and could show up in a drug test depending on the product.\nSo, when buying CBD products, make sure that you know exactly what you’re getting so that there aren’t any surprises!\nWhile CBD is the same, regardless of whether it’s from a hemp or marjuana plant, the other compounds that could be present in the product may be different.\nAdditionally, there may be a benefit from having higher amounts of THC found in some marijana-deriverd CBD products.\nWhile more research is needed, it’s thought that THC and CBD may have synergistic effects and be more effective than CBD on its own for certain medical conditions.\nThis is also known as the entourage effect, which you can learn more about here.\nNow, this also doesn’t mean that all CBD oils are created equally.\nBefore buying, make sure to do your research to make sure you know not only how much THC and CBD is in the product, but also any heavy metals or other contaminants. We’ll touch on this in another post!\nAnother difference between hemp and marijuana-derived products is that one is federally legal and the other isn’t.\nThanks to the 2018 Farm Bill, hemp-derived CBD with less than 0.3% THC by weight (and any other hemp-based products) is now legal federally and considered as supplement — meaning it isn’t FDA regulated.\nHowever, before you run off to your local pharmacy or supplements store, you’ll want to make sure it’s also legal in your state and city. Texas, for example, does not allow the sale of products containing any level of THC as of the time of this post.\nMarjunana is still considered a Schedule I drug, and CBD derived from it (even if it contains less than 0.3% THC) is still Federally illegal. However, some states, like my home state of Colorado, have made marjunana (including marjuana-derived CBD) legal.\nNow, we’ll touch on the actual research behind each potential benefit of CBD in later posts, let’s quickly take a look at why there’s so much hype around this plant compound.\nBut first, it’s important to remember that while some of the research is promising, the actual amount of research is limited. While we could get into the politics of why that’s the case, it’s more fun to just skip on to the good stuff 😉\nSo what are the possible benefits? Taking CBD could help with the following conditions:\nAnd remember, CBD may help relieve the symptoms associated with these conditions, but it is not a cure.\nAgain, I’ll touch on most of these in their own posts, but if you have one of these conditions and are curious if CBD could help then it’s worth talking to a trusted medical professional.\nThere’s no “best” way for everyone, but there are pluses and minuses to different methods.\nIf you’re looking for a straight-forward answer, I’m afraid I have to disappoint.\nThere’s simply just not enough research right now to say what’s an effective dose. In fact, dosages used in research can vary from as little as 20 mg per day up to 1,500 mg per day.\nWhile a common rule of thumb is to just follow the recommended amounts on the product you purchase, I always stress starting with less and gradually increasing as your body gets used to it.\nNot feeling any benefit from the recommended dose? I strongly encourage you to talk with a trusted medical professional before upping your dose.\nThis is the section that finally convinced me to give CBD a try.\nAfter all, as I was dealing with anxiety, the last thing I needed was to be even more stressed, wondering if something awful was going to happen after taking a few drops (it’s amazing how imaginative a worried mind can be 😉 ).\nAgain, research is still ongoing. However, CBD is overall well-tolerated.\nStill, there have been some reported side effects including:\nAdditionally, women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid CBD as it’s unclear what effects it could have on the developing baby.\nFinally, CBD can interact with certain medications including:\nIf you take any of these, speak with a doctor first so that you can have your prescription adjusted as needed.\nUnfortunately, only you can answer this one. But here at New Mind Nutrition, my goal is to provide you with all the information you need to make an educated decision.\nHere are a few other articles to check out to help with the research process:\nIf you do decide to try CBD, be sure to check out my recipes page for healthy ways to infuse CBD into beverages, breakfasts, snacks, and desserts!\nThe information contained in this website is not intended to recommend the self-management of health problems or wellness. It is not intended to endorse or recommend any particular type of medical treatment. Should any reader have any healthcare-related questions, promptly call or consult your physician or healthcare provider. No information contained in this website should be used by any reader to disregard medical and/or health-related advice or provide a basis to delay a consultation with a physician or a qualified healthcare provider. The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Products discussed are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.\nThis site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bloombyzelda.com/prp-vs-prf-which-one-is-better-all-detailed-information-given/", "date": "2024-04-23T06:59:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818468.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423064231-20240423094231-00621.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9081933498382568, "token_count": 1567, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__27693560", "lang": "en", "text": "Natural Growth Factors vs. PRP: Which One is Better? All Detailed Information Given\nPRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments are remarkably similar substances used for similar reasons. However, there must be some difference between the two. This post discusses PRP vs. Natural Growth Factor Injections; which one is better for you?\nWe will cover the purposes of these two substances, their effects, what treatments use them, their side effects and potential risks, and more. Let’s get to it!\nPRP vs. Natural Growth Factor Injections: The Primary Differences\nFirst off, the main difference between PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections are their names, which stand for platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, respectively. What do these names mean?\nWhat is PRP?\nPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a substance found in the blood. It is responsible for making repairs on the body when injuries occur. The blood transports the PRP through the blood vessels, and the PRP reconstructs damaged tissues.\nPRP nurtures cells that can heal themselves and augments the healing processes of damaged tissues. Medical doctors inject high concentrations of PRP from a person’s bloodstream into damaged areas when injuries occur. However, the use of PRP extends beyond the medical world and into the aesthetics field.\nWhat is Natural Growth Factor Injections?\nPlatelet-rich fibrin (Natural Growth Factor Injections) is a derivative of platelet-rich plasma. Platelet-rich plasma contains platelets, fibrin, and white blood cells. Isolating the fibrin from PRP produces Natural Growth Factor Injections.\nNatural Growth Factor Injections contains high concentrations of fibrin, white blood cells, and stem cells that circulate in the bloodstream. It also helps repair damages and aids in increased collagen and elastin production – the two most important skin proteins. Additionally, Natural Growth Factor Injections releases growth factors over time once injected under the skin.\nLastly, Natural Growth Factor Injections becomes a gel upon 15 to 20 minutes of isolation, making it useful for cosmetic volume.\nDifferences in Effect\nThe differences in the effects of both PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections are not overly subtle. Natural Growth Factor Injections is considered the better substance in general because of the growth factors it releases over time, something that PRP does to a lesser degree. Natural Growth Factor Injections releases the growth factors over the span of ten days, making its tissue and cell rejuvenation properties far more effective.\nHowever, this does not make Natural Growth Factor Injections better in all respects.\nExtracting PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections\nThe extraordinary thing about PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments is that they minimize any potential risks because they take the substance right out of the patients. Because the substances are from your own body, the chances of any allergic or adverse reactions are essentially zero.\nThe injector takes a sample of the patient’s blood and puts it in a vial or container. Then, the container is placed in a centrifuge at 3000 rotations per minute for about 10 minutes. The centrifugal force will separate the different components of the blood – it will separate the PRP from the red blood cells and other blood elements.\nThe substance must be extracted from the PRP if you want the Natural Growth Factor Injections treatment.\nOnce extracted, the injector can proceed with the procedure. The injector will inject the PRP Vs. Natural Growth Factor Injections into the treatment area.\nWhat Treatments Use PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections\nSince their effects are highly similar, except that Natural Growth Factor Injections releases more growth factors in the long run, there is no PRP vs. Natural Growth Factor Injections when it comes to what treatments use them.\nBoth treatments are suitable for facial injections, scar treatment, and hair restoration procedures. Due to their capability to enhance collagen and elastin production, PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections can significantly enhance the quality and health of the skin. And due to their restorative and healing properties, they can even perform reparative operations to the cellular level.\nDue to their collagen and elastin enhancement properties, PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments are excellent for facial injections, especially for aging-prone areas like around the eyes, sides of the mouth, or forehead. They tighten the skin, improve skin texture, and lessen the severity of fine lines or wrinkles.\nBecause of their restorative properties (combined with the increased collagen), PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments are perfect for scar treatment. Scars are nothing more than irregular formations of collagen around the skin.\nWhen the skin gets injured severely, the body tries to repair the damage as fast as possible using collagen. The hurried repair makes the collagen form in an unorganized manner; instead of the basket-weave pattern it has on undamaged skin. Over time, the collagen proteins might try to organize themselves, but they can only soften the appearance of a scar.\nA PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatment allows the skin to correct scars more effectively. The combination of cell repairs and increased collagen is enough to do the job.\nLastly, again due to their restorative qualities, PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments can restore hair. If a person suffers from alopecia (the medical term for hair loss), their hair follicles suffer damage, making them unable to produce hair. The growth factors of PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections are powerful enough to restore hair follicles so that they can grow hair again.\nSide Effects and Potential Risks\nThe potential severe risks of PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections are incredibly minimal. The substances are derived from the bodies of the patients. Severe reactions to PRP and Natural Growth Factor Injections are highly unexpected.\nHowever, if the patient reacts adversely to PRP or Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments, they should let a physician know immediately.\nThe possible side effects of PRP or Natural Growth Factor Injections are slight pain, infection, and bleeding. These side effects are natural and expected of injection treatment. They should dissipate within some time after the treatment.\nIf the side effects last for days, you should let your doctor know immediately.\nWho to Call About PRP or Natural Growth Factor Injections Treatments?\nAs with any medical or aesthetic procedure, you should talk with a professional beforehand to know if you are suitable for the treatment. Bloom Aesthetics staffs one of the most experienced, highly-trained, and certified advanced registered nurse practitioners in Washington state. Zelda Swain, ARNP, can provide you with all the information you need about either PRP or Natural Growth Factor Injections treatments.\nFor more information about PRP vs. Natural Growth Factor Injections, talk to Bloom Aesthetics through phone at (509) 990-3054, email at email@example.com, or send us a message through our Contact Us page. Our location is at 16201 E. Indiana Ave.,Ste. 2260 Spokane Valley 99216 Spokane WA 99201-7003\nThe post Natural Growth Factors vs. PRP: Which One is Better? All Detailed Information Given appeared first on Bloom Aesthetics.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://lesacollection.us/blogs/news/the-art-of-crafting-leather-a-comprehensive-guide", "date": "2024-04-23T15:21:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818711.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423130552-20240423160552-00702.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9028958678245544, "token_count": 932, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__113432202", "lang": "en", "text": "Leather is a timeless material prized for its durability, beauty, and natural feel. From jackets and handbags to shoes and furniture, it graces our everyday lives in countless forms. But have you ever wondered how this versatile material is created? This blog post delves into the fascinating process of leather production, unveiling the steps that transform animal hides into the luxurious leather we know and love.\nThe Transformation: A Step-by-Step Look\nThe journey of leather begins with a raw hide, most commonly sourced from cows. However, hides from animals like sheep, goats, and pigs can also be used for leather production. Here's a breakdown of the key steps involved:\nFreshly removed hides are perishable and prone to decomposition. To prevent this, they undergo curing. This process typically involves applying a generous amount of salt or other drying techniques to draw out moisture and inhibit bacterial growth. The curing time can vary depending on the hide thickness and desired outcome.\nSoaking and Liming:\nOnce cured, the hides are rehydrated through soaking in large vats of water. This makes them pliable enough for further processing. Next comes liming, a crucial step that involves soaking the hides in a solution containing calcium hydroxide (lime). The lime helps loosen the hair and epidermis (outer layer) from the dermis, the inner layer of the hide that forms the foundation of leather.\nFleshing and Splitting:\nAfter liming, the hides undergo fleshing. This process removes any remaining meat, fat, and tissue clinging to the underside of the dermis. Thicker hides might be split into multiple layers using specialized machinery. This creates hides of varying thicknesses suitable for different leather applications.\nThis is the heart of the leather-making process, transforming the raw hide into a stable and usable material. Tanning halts the natural decomposition process and strengthens the protein structure (collagen) within the dermis. There are two main tanning methods\nThis traditional method utilizes natural tannins extracted from plants like tree bark or quebracho wood. The hides are soaked in tannin solutions over extended periods, resulting in a slow and eco-friendly tanning process. Vegetable-tanned leather is known for its natural look, strength, and develops a beautiful patina with age.\nThis more modern method uses chromium salts to achieve a faster tanning process. Chrome tanning takes significantly less time than vegetable tanning and results in a softer, more water-resistant leather with a more uniform appearance. However, it is considered less environmentally friendly due to the use of chromium.\nNeutralization and Fatliquoring:\nAfter tanning, the leather might still have residual tanning agents or lime. A neutralization process removes these chemicals to achieve a consistent pH level. Next comes fatliquoring, where natural or synthetic oils are added back into the leather. This restores suppleness and improves the leather's workability for further processing.\nDrying and Staking:\nThe leather is then stretched on frames and dried in controlled temperature environments to achieve a consistent thickness and texture. Staking machines might be used to further soften the leather and achieve a desired grain texture. The grain refers to the natural surface variations on the leather, which can be smooth, pebbled, or embossed with various patterns.\nThe final stage involves applying various finishing treatments depending on the desired outcome for the leather. This might include:\nDyeing: Leather can be dyed a wide range of colors using pigments or dyes.\nBuffing and Polishing:\nBuffing creates a smooth, even surface, while polishing enhances the leather's shine.\nA protective coating might be applied to enhance water resistance or stain repellency.\nConclusion: A Material Steeped in Tradition and Innovation\nThe transformation of a raw hide into finished leather is a fascinating testament to human ingenuity. Over centuries, the techniques used in leather production have evolved, but the core principles remain the same. Today, tanneries combine traditional methods with modern advancements to produce high-quality leather that caters to a wide range of applications. Understanding this process allows us to appreciate the craftsmanship behind leather goods and the value they hold. So, the next time you admire a leather jacket or experience the comfort of a leather couch, remember the remarkable journey that brought this timeless material to life.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://bluecoastgroup.ca/", "date": "2017-02-20T22:33:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170613.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00375-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9373102784156799, "token_count": 267, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__106707226", "lang": "en", "text": "Blue Coast provides bankable metallurgical laboratory testwork services. Our 10,000 sq. ft. laboratory facility, located in Parksville, BC specialises in precious and base metals metallurgical flowsheet development, evaluating a wide range of processes and technologies including grinding, froth flotation, gravity concentration at scales from micro-testing to full continuous pilot plant. In addition Blue Coast has extensive capability in cyanidation, including heap leach amenability testwork. Our experienced team of metallurgists, technicians and support staff provide a high quality, customer focused and dependable testwork service. Our in house, captive analytical laboratory employs both wet chemistry and fire assay to allow us to provide rapid assay turnaround to advance projects quickly and efficiently. Our clients range from Junior to Major mining companies predominantly focused in the base and precious metals sectors.\nComplementing our laboratory testwork services, Blue Coast boasts a team of experienced Consulting Metallurgists that add value to our client’s projects during the testwork phase as well as providing testwork support, NI 43-101 technical report writing and consulting services. This consulting team averages over 18 years’ experience in the industry, within both the project development and production environments. This includes more than 400 flowsheet development projects and operational assignments on a wide variety of ore types.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2004/12/008794.php", "date": "2019-03-18T21:56:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201707.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190318211849-20190318233849-00443.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9726565480232239, "token_count": 188, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__96483318", "lang": "en", "text": "An Austrian doctor said today that Ukrainian presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko was poisoned with dioxin:\nDioxin poisoning caused the mysterious illness of Ukrainian presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko, a doctor said Saturday, adding that the poison could have been put in his soup.\nYushchcenko was in satisfactory condition and his dioxin levels have returned to normal, Dr. Michael Zimpfer, director of Vienna’s private Rudolfinerhaus clinic, said at a news conference.\n“There is no doubt about the fact that Mr. Yushchenko’s disease has been caused by a case of poisoning by dioxin,” Zimpfer said.\nDr. Zimpfer said further that tests showed Yushchenko’s body had 1,000 times the normal concentration of dioxin, and the chemical was administered orally. I wonder who could have done it?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://cleanairmakemore.com/our-air/", "date": "2015-05-28T05:46:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929256.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00069-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9348746538162231, "token_count": 1160, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-22__0__12221706", "lang": "en", "text": "Facts About Air Pollution\nTo reduce air pollution, it helps to understand what it is and where it comes from. Here are some facts about air pollution and its most common types in Maricopa County.\nWhat is ozone? Ozone is a colorless gas made up of three oxygen atoms (or O3). This gas is a powerful chemical that causes damage to rubber, plastics, and vegetation. It also irritates people’s eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory system when they are exposed to it. Permanent lung damage also occurs.\nStratospheric ozone forms high in the atmosphere (six to 30 miles above the Earth) when intense sunlight causes oxygen molecules (O2) to break up and re-form as ozone molecules (O3). Popularly called “good ozone,” it shields people, trees, crops, property, and microorganisms from the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet light (UV-B radiation) because it adsorbs UV radiation before it can get to the earth’s surface (this radiation causes sunburns and skin cancer).\nGround-level ozone is often called “bad ozone.” This pollutant forms at ground level when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) chemically react under the influence of heat and sunlight. Examples of VOCs are vapors of gasoline, alcohol, paint thinner, and many solvents. The sources of the NOx and VOCs are motor vehicles, industrial operations such as paint shops, manufacturing, and energy production. Some VOCs even come from vegetation. Because of the nature of its formation, ozone is also known as photochemical smog. It is a pollutant of great concern because it harms people when they are exposed to it. Although it is invisible, it causes eye, nose, throat and lung irritation along with permanent lung damage (scarring and decreased lung function) as we breathe it in.\nOne of the unfortunate facts about air pollution is that ground-level ozone is a man-made phenomenon. It would not be a problem for humankind if there were only natural sources emitting VOCs (plants) and NOx (wildfires) because very little ozone would form at ground-level. However, man-made emissions have resulted in ground-level ozone becoming the most wide-spread air quality problem in the United States. It is most severe in the summer months when there is plenty of heat and sunlight to cook trapped pollutants into ground-level ozone.\nWhat Are They?\nParticulate pollution (PM-10 and PM-2.5) is made up of tiny particles of solid or liquid droplets containing smoke, dust, ash and condensed vapors introduced into the air through natural and man-made causes. It occurs year-round, but is dominant during winter months. Smaller than a human hair, it passes through the throat and nose and enters the lungs, and can lead to health problems.\nOne Serious Pollutant\nMaricopa County and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have designated six criteria pollutants, Particulate matter being the Valley’s toughest to battle. Here they are:\nParticulate matter: very small solid or liquid droplets such as dust, dirt, soot or smoke from wood-burning fires.\nOzone: a colorless and mostly odorless gas that is a natural and beneficial component of the upper atmosphere. At ground level, ozone is a respiratory irritant that forms from a photochemical reaction from sunlight reacting with fumes from fuel, paint, cleaners, tailpipes and vegetation. Ozone pollution is typically worse in summer.\n- Carbon Monoxide: a colorless, odorless gas that results primarily from combustion in cars and trucks.\n- Nitrogen Dioxide: a reddish brown gas formed as a byproduct of fuel combustion.\n- Sulfur Dioxide: a colorless gas with a pungent odor produced from the smelting of copper oxide ore, and also from burning sulfur-containing gasoline and diesel fuel.\n- Lead: once a gasoline additive which resulted in high lead air pollution levels, this element is no longer found in gasoline within the United States.\nThe Maricopa County Air Quality Department monitors for these criteria pollutants. Its Air Monitoring Division offers enhanced data from the monitoring network including:\n- Real-time updates for PM-10\n- Hourly updates for remaining criteria pollutants\n- Real-time meteorology\n- National Weather Service radar\n- Satellite imagery\n- Air Quality Index ratings\nThe “Quick and Dirty”\n- In the warmer months, ozone pollution is the most severe because the heat and sunlight combine with trapped pollutants such as fumes from fuel, paint, tailpipes and vegetation to form ground-level ozone. Not surprisingly, the months of April through September make up our Valley’s longer-than-normal “ozone season.”\n- The Environmental Protection Agency introduced new ozone standards in March 2008. These new ozone standards are more demanding than ever and are continuously being updated by the EPA. That’s why we need the help of all Maricopa County residents to take action and help make our air healthier to breathe.\n- Everyone feels the effects of high levels of ozone in the air. Children, the elderly, and people with heart disease, lung disease and asthma are especially at risk, but even healthy adults are likely to have problems.\n- How ozone pollution affects you.\n- What Maricopa County is doing about ozone pollution.\n- What you can do to make a difference about ozone pollution?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://mercysfancy.com/blog/en/tag/pate-de-metal/", "date": "2018-02-21T22:53:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813818.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221222354-20180222002354-00638.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9587495923042297, "token_count": 1373, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__18675718", "lang": "en", "text": "After a long time spent researching, wondering, and hesitating, I have finally tried working with metal clay.\nFrom what I had found on the internet, the best known metal clay is silver clay. As I love silver jewellery but have no skill whatsoever in metal working, this is a great alternative.\nThe concept is simple: around the 1990s, some smart Japanese people came up with a way of recycling the precious metals dust created in the making of electronic components. Adding water and a specific binder to the dust, they obtained a paste very much like polymer clay or play-doh… only it’s still metal.\nYou can then model an object, leave it to dry then fire it at very high temperature. The binder burns and the water evaporates, leaving only the pure, now solid, metal. That is to say, making stuff in copper, bronze or silver is now possible for anyone!\nSometimes I really like living in this century.\nWhat can I say? I’m cheap.\nOn the downside, silver metal clay is outrageously expensive. 25 g of clay cost almost 60 €, plus there is an important investment to make into the material.\nIf that wasn’t enough, all precious metals are strictly controlled in France. I couldn’t sell silver jewellery without going through a long and painful administrative process that I am not even sure would succeed.\nAnd lastly, silver clay, once fired, is very pure: it’s 999 silver. That way, there is no need for a special oven: a blowtorch or a gas cooker are enough, unlike copper or bronze. It makes silver clay easier to fire, but this is utterly absurd in terms of professional jewellery making. Silver is a soft metal. What you buy in a jewellery shop is usually 925 silver, which means 925 ‰ silver mixed with 75 ‰ copper to make it more resistant. Selling jewellery that might easily break is not my idea of being professional.\nHence my hesitation: I needed to be sure I would enjoy the possibilities enough to justify overcoming all these obstacles. I found out later that there was many other metals available in clay form, which solved the selling problem. So I decided to start there!\nAt my initiative, three of my friends and I signed up for a beginners workshop with Météor Clay, a French small business I can’t recommend enough. Farida, the business owner, came to my flat with all the required material and introduced us to metal clay: either copper, steel, or several types of bronze. She is a sweet lady whose business is crazily upstanding. Their general goal is to offer good material for a very reasonable price, and they stand by it even if it means their profit is lessened.\nI won’t tell all the details of the workshop as it would take too long (it lasted from 10 a.m. till at least 6 p.m.), but I’ll highlight the best parts. The quality of my pictures is not the best, unfortunately, as we were inside during a cloudy sunday.\nI tried my hand at copper as I am hopelessly in love with this metal.\nMétéor’s clays come in powder: the binder is already mixed in, all you have to do is add water. That way, you can preserve it indefinitely. Once you’ve made the wet clay, you can keep it in the refrigerator, but it won’t last more than a few weeks.\nIn many ways, this is similar to cooking. You make a dough, give it a shape, then bake it!\nJust as, I assume, polymer clay, it is easy to stamp textures and shapes on it, and cut, roll, or model it. As long as the firing temperature is the same, you can also mix metals. Clays can be mixed or ‘glued’ to one another. For example, you could make a flat copper surface and put white bronze parts on it. Or you can try something close to mokume gane. Or you could make 925 silver (doesn’t solve the selling problem, though).\nThe possibilities are huge, to say the least.\nOnce you are done playing with the dough, you leave it to dry.\nOnce dry, the clay has hardened but is still fragile and will break if you are not gentle. This is when you can sand, engrave, and make holes to set them on a finding later. Once fired, you won’t be able to alter it much aside from polishing it or, on the contrary, patinate it. Therefore, your piece has to be as finished as possible.\nMétéor also created their own high-temperature oven and sell it for 100 €. It’s basic but you actually don’t need anything more sophisticated. Apart from theirs, this type of oven starts with the Prometheus, for more than 500 €. It is not specifically designed for firing metal clays, so it takes longer and uses more energy than necessary. I might buy one eventually if I end up dabbling with enamels, glass and the likes, but that budget is unreasonable for me right now.\nApart from silver, the metal clay pieces must be fired in active carbon. You put them in a stainless steel container, covered in carbon, into the oven and plug it. You leave it for the relevant time depending on the metal.\nI am amazed at how simple it is. Of course, you need to be very careful and wear protections when using it: you are firing metal up to 900° C. You can see by the bright orange colour how hot it is.\nOnce the time is up, you can leave the pieces to cool inside the oven. But it’s best to take them out of the oven after only a few minutes: you will later obtain a shinier finish that way.\nThe stainless steel is bright red when out of the oven… There should definitely be gloves on this picture (it’s not my hand).\nAs soon as they are fired, the pieces make a beautiful metal sound when you put them down, even if they still look like dry clay! Very satisfying.\nLooks like jewellery\nAfter some polishing, it shines! All that is left to do is set them on hooks and clasps. That, I am familiar with.\nAt the end of the workshop, we each left with our creations and several tubes of metal powder. I bought an oven and can’t wait to try again!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.downeydevening.com/amalgam-removal/", "date": "2017-09-26T03:33:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818694719.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926032806-20170926052806-00494.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9206247329711914, "token_count": 444, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__43559532", "lang": "en", "text": "D. Clayton Devening, Jr., DDS - Dental Amalgam Removal Procedures:\nThere is a lot of information and controversy about the use of mercury in dentistry. You, as the patient, need to be the judge of what you think is important to you. It does appear that some people are very much affected by mercury while others seem unaffected in any obvious way. If you wish to have your mercury fillings replaced by non-mercury materials, we implement a system of dental procedures to protect you from further mercury exposure during the removal of amalgam fillings.\nPatient Preparation for Amalgam Removal:\nPatients that have experienced sensitivity to certain materials should have a Dental Materials Biocompatability Test prior to the removal of their amalgam fillings.\nDental Procedures for Patient Protection during Amalgam Removal:\nD. Clayton Devening, Jr., DDS adheres to the following method for amalgam removal, based on the Dr. Hal Huggins protocol. We will provide our patients with the following support during the procedure:\nmeasurement of electrical charges for sequential removal of mercury fillings\nplacement of a dam around the tooth to isolate it from the body & then sealing the dam so that no mercury seeps under the dam\nprovide a dedicated source of air to the patient\nuse of a high volume air filter to eliminate mercury vapor from the air , for your protection as well as ours\nuse of high volume oral evacuation, with lots of water to capture the amalgam material as it is removed\nsection amalgams and remove in as large pieces as possible\n- remove and properly dispose of dam and mercury after amalgam removal\nuse of nutritional, herbal and homeopathic therapies for mercury detoxification\nDr. Devening is a member of the Holistic Dental Association, International Association of Mercury Free Dentist, and DAMS .\nFor more information on dental amalgam removal: Contact the Dental Welllness Institute, International Academy of Oral Medicine & Toxicology , Mercury Safe Dentistry at www.mercuryfreenow.com and Dr. Hal Huggins Applied Healing", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://mysteriousworld.us/tiny-robots-may-save-earth-from-radioactive-waste/", "date": "2020-09-24T20:40:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400220495.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200924194925-20200924224925-00054.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8978977203369141, "token_count": 323, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__104804127", "lang": "en", "text": "Scientists developed microrobots that remove radioactive uranium in simulated wastewater, mimicking the wastewater generated by nuclear power plants.\nThese tiny, self-propelling robots may offer a gleam of hope into removing the radioactive isotopes from both the wastewater and the environment, should a spill happen. The new study appears in ACS Nano.\nIndustrial accidents, like the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear plant failures, have detrimental consequences for the environment and for humanity as a whole.\nScientists have been working on coming up with ways to capture and remove radioactive materials from water, but encountered many limitations.\nThe most effective recent technique involves using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are compounds capable of trapping particular substances.\nResearchers wanted to add a micromotor to a MOF called ZIF-8 to see if it can help with the cleanup of radioactive waste.\nZIF-8 is shaped like a rod and has a diameter of 1/15 the width of a human hair. Researchers added iron atoms and iron oxide nanoparticles to both stabilize and magnetize the structure. Platinum nanoparticles at one end of each ZIF-8 rod converted hydrogen peroxide in the water into oxygen bubbles, thus propelling the tiny robots.\nAs a result, the microrobots recovered 96% of the uranium they were cleaning up in an hour. At the end, the research team collected the rods with a magnet and stripped off the uranium, thus allowing the microbots to be reused.\nThe hope is that someday, microbots can be the answer to radioactive waste management, the team said.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://biosylx.com/portfolio/acacia/", "date": "2024-02-22T17:46:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00758.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9105749130249023, "token_count": 870, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__202795842", "lang": "en", "text": "Gum Acacia or more commonly referred to as Gum Arabic is a plant-derived fiber. It is simpler to think of it as being an edible “glue” and natural thickening agent and binder that assists in holding ingredients together.\nBeing water soluble makes it easy to use it in different applications. Its gluten-free and usually non-GMO properties make it a well-tolerated ingredient when used in small quantities.\nThe bark of the branches is meticulously tapped by harvesters, producing a pale white orange fluid – Gum Arabic. This flows out naturally in the form of thick frothy spherical lumps and speedily solidifies under the sun and air exposure. Our factories oversee the sorting, cleaning, kibbling and storing of the gum, in addition to running QC laboratory, application and functional tests. They also dispose of a mechanical powdering line.\nBiosylx has two ISO22000 certified affiliated factories set up in the heart of the Gum Belt.\nThe first is located in the city of El Obeid, a province in the North of Kordofan. This region is considered to be the heart of the Gum Belt where Gum Arabic is grown and collected.\nThe second factory is located close to the capital Khartoum. We also have established facilities and partnerships in other countries within the Gum Belt.\nWe carry the following grades, but other grades are available on request:\n|Biogum HPS: Handpicked Cleaned Lumps (Hashab – Acacia senegal)\n|Biogum HC: Cleaned & Sifted Kordofan Type (Hashab – Acacia senegal)\n|Biogum H08: Kibbled & Sifted Kordofan Type (Hashab – Acacia senegal)\n|Biogum HP: Mechanical Powder < 250μm (Hashab – Acacia senegal)\n|Biogum TC: Cleaned (Talha – Acacia seyal)\n|Biogum TP: Mechanical Powder < 250μm (Talha – Acacia seyal)\nNo grade is particularly better than the other, but rather, better suited to its functionality. All grades have full traceability.\nMost recently, Biosylx has ventured into South Sudan, where we now have a central warehouse in Juba. There, we are able to collect Gum Acacia from various producing areas, starting from the Upper Nile region, and extending west, all the way to Northern and Western Bahr Al Ghazal.\n|Acts as a vegetal texturizing and coating agent in gum drops or medication confectionery, boiled candies or pastilles.\n|Improves textures, brings thickness and acts as an anti-crystallisation agent.\n|In association with polyols, acacia gum is extremely efficient as a sugar-free coating and emulsifying agent.\n|Gum Acacia as a polysaccharide and a resin-like substance stabilises colour, helps reduce astringency, softens tannins and gives a rounder mouthfeel.\n|It lowers the risk of the formation of potassium bi-tartrate crystals, helps with the microbiological stability of wine, and prevents the formation of the colloidal complexes of metals from occurring.\n|Can be used to improve the perlage of sparkling wines.\nFlavour Encapsulation & Emulsions\nOne of its uses is to create a natural envelope for flavour encapsulation, adapted to encapsulate liposoluble substances. It also contributes to the stabilizing of water-based oil emulsions. These functionalities enable many food formulations to benefit from its film forming and protective carrier effects.\n|Gum Acacia as a prebiotic fibre boosts gut populations of specific non-digestible bacteria (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli bacteria).\n|Note: Prebiotics are defined as substances that provide a beneficial physiological effect on the host by selectively stimulating the favourable growth or activity of a limited number of indigenous bacteria, benefits which are reported to include improving bone health, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, boosting immunity, enhancing satiety and aiding weight management.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://dartmoordeli.co.uk/products/natural-candle-orange-and-clove", "date": "2022-05-26T04:05:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662601401.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220526035036-20220526065036-00004.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8896444439888, "token_count": 281, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__243568628", "lang": "en", "text": "Natural Candle - Orange and Clove\nThe Dartmoor Soap Company's natural candles are created using their special in-house blend of soy and coconut waxes, scented with 100% pure aromatherapy essential oils, filling your room with a subtle natural scent.\nThe Dartmoor Soap Co. natural candles are hand-poured into reusable glass jars in their studio near Okehampton using a bespoke blend of soy and vegetable waxes, scented with 100% pure essential oils. Each are presented in a beautiful white box.\nAll our natural wax candles are vegan-friendly and free from palm oil and plastic.\nWhy use vegetable waxes…\n- Vegetable wax candles generally burn longer than paraffin candles and throw the scent further.\n- Paraffin is a refined gasoline by-product containing several carcinogen (cancer-causing) compounds, considered toxic by various environmental agencies. When burnt, its soot particles so small, they can potentially penetrate deep into the lung.\n- Vegetable wax, unlike paraffin wax, is 100% biodegradable.\n- Vegetable wax can be easily cleaned with soap and water while paraffin wax spills are very difficult to remove.\n- Paraffin wax candles leave black residues on containers and walls, giving an indication of their harmful contents.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.topcookery.com/how-to-make-brown-eggs-white/", "date": "2024-04-15T02:16:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816939.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415014252-20240415044252-00898.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9255011081695557, "token_count": 1040, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__50379801", "lang": "en", "text": "To make brown eggs white, immerse them in a solution of water and vinegar, then heat and remove the foam as it boils. Wipe the eggs with a sponge and rinse them in water, being careful not to break the shell.\nThis method lightens the eggs by cooking them in vinegar, which thins the shell. However, it’s important to note that the color of chicken eggs is determined by the hen’s genetics and cannot be permanently changed. The trick described here only lightens the shell temporarily.\n1. Natural Methods To Whiten Brown Eggs\nTo naturally whiten brown eggs, you can try soaking them in a mixture of vinegar and water. Another method is using whipped cream and food coloring to achieve a lighter color. Additionally, you can dye the eggs with onion skins for a natural and unique effect.\nSoaking the eggs in a vinegar and water mixture is a simple process – just place the eggs in a bowl, cover them with the mixture, and let them sit for a while. Using whipped cream and food coloring involves covering the eggs with whipped cream and then adding drops of food coloring to create the desired shade.\nDying eggs with onion skins requires boiling the eggs with the skins, resulting in a beautiful, earthy color. These natural methods are a great way to transform brown eggs into white eggs for various purposes.\n2. Easy Home Method To Whiten Eggs\nTo easily whiten brown eggs at home, start by placing the eggs in a bowl filled with water and vinegar. Then, heat the mixture until foam begins to form. Once it starts boiling, reduce the heat and remove the foam.\nNext, use a sponge to wipe the eggs and rinse them with water. Be careful not to break the eggs, as their shells may be thinner due to the vinegar. Finally, compare the white eggs with the original brown ones to see the transformation.\nThis method is a simple and effective way to make brown eggs white using vinegar and water.\n3. Common Misconceptions About Egg Color\nCommon misconceptions about egg color are often rooted in the belief that feather color affects eggshell color. However, understanding the genetics behind egg color reveals that this is not the case. It is a common misunderstanding that white hens lay white eggs.\nIn reality, the color of the hen’s feathers has no impact on the color of the eggs they lay. Exploring the science, we find that eggshell color is determined genetically, and white hens can lay eggs of various colors depending on their genetic makeup.\nWhile chickens with lighter earlobes and white feathers tend to produce white eggs, those with colored feathers and darker earlobes may produce eggs of different colors. Therefore, if you’re looking to make brown eggs white, it’s essential to understand the genetics behind egg color rather than relying on misconceptions about feather color.\nFrequently Asked Questions Of How To Make Brown Eggs White?\nHow Do You Lighten Brown Eggs With Vinegar?\nTo lighten brown eggs with vinegar, follow these simple steps: 1. Place the eggs in a bowl and cover them with water and vinegar. 2. Heat the mixture on low heat until it starts to boil, removing any foam that forms.\n3. Wipe the eggs with a sponge and rinse them in water. 4. Be careful not to break the eggs, as the shells will be thinner from cooking in vinegar. This method will help lighten the color of brown eggs.\nDo You Bleach Eggs To Make Them White?\nNo, eggs are not bleached to make them white. The color of the eggs is determined by the genetics of the hen.\nHow Do You Make Chicken Eggs White?\nTo make chicken eggs white, you cannot change their color as it is determined by the hen’s genetics.\nCan Brown Egg Layers Lay White Eggs?\nYes, brown egg layers can lay white eggs. The color of the chicken’s feathers does not affect the color of the eggs they produce.\nTo summarize, there are several methods to make brown eggs white for Easter or any occasion. Using ingredients already available at home like onion skins, red beet, or hibiscus tea can naturally dye brown eggs and give them a vibrant color.\nAdditionally, using whipped cream and food coloring can create unique and fun patterns on the eggs. However, if you want the eggs to be pure white, you can try a simple trick of boiling them in water and vinegar. This process will make the shell thinner and, as a result, the eggs will appear white.\nIt is important to handle the eggs with care to prevent them from breaking while rinsing. Remember, the color of a bird’s feathers has no relation to the eggshell color. Lastly, using white vinegar can also help strip the color from brown eggshells, providing a bright and vibrant result.\nWith these tips and tricks, you can transform your brown eggs into beautiful, white creations for any occasion, particularly Easter.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://news.curtin.edu.au/media-releases/research-suggests-how-jurassic-ichthyosaurs-adapted-to-low-oxygen-levels/", "date": "2022-09-28T05:50:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335124.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928051515-20220928081515-00228.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9432505965232849, "token_count": 693, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__176166493", "lang": "en", "text": "The presence of well-preserved biological material found in an Early Jurassic ichthyosaur vertebra suggests that fossils preserved through carbonate concretion could play a major role in understanding the biology of extinct species, as well as evolution, according to Curtin University research published in Scientific Reports.\nAn interdisciplinary research team led by organic geochemist John Curtin Distinguished Professor Kliti Grice, as part of an Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery Outstanding Research Award Fellowship, analysed a 182.7 million year old vertebra from an ichthyosaur – a large, prehistoric lung-breathing marine reptile, resembling the modern-day dolphin.\nProfessor Grice explained that the sample, which was collected from a cement quarry in Germany, was fossilised in a way that preserved cholesterol, red blood cells and collagen fibres.\n“A carbonate concretion encapsulated the Early Jurassic period vertebra, forming a tight seal that helped protect its tissue and cellular remains from full decomposition,” Professor Grice said.\nCarbonate concretions are most commonly associated with organic matter-rich mudstones, such as black shales, and are formed under highly anoxic (low oxygen) conditions.\nProfessor Grice and Chloe Plet, a PhD researcher at Curtin University, assessed the trabecular and cortical bones of the vertebra, where they discovered the presence of fossilised soft tissue.\n“During our analyses of the sample, we discovered red blood cell structures that were up to five times smaller than those reported in most modern organisms,” Professor Grice said.\nThis discovery led the researchers to propose the small size of these blood cell structures was related to the ichthyosaurs evolutionary adaptation to environmental conditions.\n“Ichthyosaurs evolved during a time when atmospheric oxygen levels were continuously low over a period of 70 million years,” Ms Plet said.\n“We propose that small red blood cells were favourably produced by the species to provide efficient oxygen transport and diffusion. For example, modern-day mammals living at elevated altitudes with lower oxygen levels make small and abundant red blood cells.”\nProfessor Grice continued to explain that similar, small-sized red blood cells had been reported previously in 70 million year old dinosaur bones – creatures that would have also adapted to low oxygen levels during evolution.\n“This research suggests that not only could carbonate concretions play a major role in the investigation of the palaeobiology of extinct species, but also an understanding of the evolutionary adaptation of life under different paleoenvironmental conditions,” Professor Grice said.\nThe full research paper, Palaeobiology of red and white blood cell-like structures, collagen and cholesterol in an ichthyosaur bone, has been published by Scientific Reports and can be found as open access at DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-13873-4\nThis project was supported by an Australian Research Council (ARC) grant.\nThe vertebra sample analysed by Professor Grice and Ms Plet was recovered from the Posidonia Shale Konservat Fossil Lagerstätte in south-west Germany, with research co-author Professor Lorenz Schwark from University of Kiel, who is also an Adjunct Professor at Curtin University.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://thegoodgrocer.ca/products/nature-clean-multi-surface-spray-cleaner-lime-tea-tree-740ml", "date": "2021-12-06T15:30:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363301.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206133552-20211206163552-00545.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7661599516868591, "token_count": 194, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__150687931", "lang": "en", "text": "Nature Clean® Multi-Surface Spray Cleaner has a unique West Indian Lime and Australian Tea Tree formula that will leave your home clean and smelling fresh! This spray removes tough grease, grime, sticky residues and scum without the use of petroleum solvents, alcohol ethoxylates, potentially dangerous sulfates (SLES), synthetic perfumes, dyes and animal by-products. This product is biodegradable and not tested on animals.\nNo Ethoxylated Alcohols, No Petroleum Solvents, No Potentially Dangerous Sulphates (SLES), No Dyes, No Synthetic Perfumes\nIngredients: Aqua/Water/Eau, Decyl Glucoside, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Silicate, Tetrasodium Iminodisuccinate, Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree) Leaf Oil, Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Oil", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bugclinic.com/products/contrac-blox-18-lbs", "date": "2023-12-11T15:04:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679515260.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211143258-20231211173258-00487.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8531414270401001, "token_count": 152, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__257034625", "lang": "en", "text": "Contrac Blox - 18 Lbs\nNot for Sale to: CA\nSafety: Always use a tamper-resistant bait station to keep pets and children away.\nCONTRAC BLOX is specially formulated with an optimal blend of food-grade ingredients and a small amount of paraffin Highly palatable, yet weatherable, CONTRAC works well in wet and dry conditions. Single-feeding anticoagulant rodenticide containing the active ingredient, Bromadiolone.\nApplication: Recommend changing bait out every 40-60 days.\nPet safe: Contrac is LESS toxic to non-target animals in both primary and secondary poisoning situations than other single-feeding baits. The antidote, Vitamin K1, is readily available.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://jrenhep.com/index.php/jrenhep/article/view/49", "date": "2020-03-30T09:29:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370496901.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330085157-20200330115157-00460.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9221321940422058, "token_count": 180, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__80012866", "lang": "en", "text": "Main Article Content\nhepatic lipogenesis, hydroxy pyridine, MK-8245, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1, SCD1\nStearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a microsomal enzyme that controls fatty acid metabolism and is highly expressed in hepatocytes. SCD1 may play a key role in liver development and hepatic lipid homeostasis through promoting monounsaturated protein acylation and converting lipotoxic saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids. Imbalanced activity of SCD1 has been implicated in fatty liver induction, inflammation and stress. In this review, the role of SCD1 in hepatic development, function and pathogenesis is discussed. Additionally, emerging novel therapeutic agents targeting SCD1 for the treatment of liver disorders are presented.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.engineeringcredits.com/2018/09/05/scientists-find-new-behavior-of-water/", "date": "2021-11-28T11:17:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358520.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20211128103924-20211128133924-00194.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9423635601997375, "token_count": 353, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__100363635", "lang": "en", "text": "Scientists Find New Behavior of Water\nThe current state of the art theoretical models and computer simulations have predicted a fundamental asymmetry in the mechanisms by which water transports the protons from H2O, (H+) and (OH-). For nearly a century, it was thought that the mechanisms were mirror images of each other. Identical in all ways except the direction the bonds move. New research has discovered that this line of thinking is not true.\nThis asymmetrical movement has been extremely difficult to capture because scientists only get a glimpse of the predicted asymmetry. However, a team of researchers from New York University has devised a novel experiment for nailing down this movement. The experiment involves cooling down water to the maximum density temperature of 39 degrees. This is the temperature that asymmetry is expected to be the strongest. Using nuclear magnetic resonance to show the difference in the lifetimes of the two ions, the asymmetry became glaringly clear.\n“The study of water’s molecular properties is of intense interest due to its central role in enabling physiological processes and its ubiquitous nature,” says Jerschow, the corresponding author of this study. “The new finding is quite surprising and may enable a deeper understanding of water’s properties as well as its role as a fluid in many of nature’s phenomena.”\nWith the theory now proven scientists can use this information to design new materials for clean energy applications. Further research will also be done using this new information to discover enzyme function in the body and to better understand how living organisms can thrive in harsh conditions, including sub-freezing temperatures. This remarkable property of water makes it a critical component of life, without this characteristic life itself would not be possible.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://protochips.shop/products/shadow-mask-package", "date": "2023-06-01T13:23:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647810.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601110845-20230601140845-00065.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8706904649734497, "token_count": 381, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__228470701", "lang": "en", "text": "The Protochips shadow mask enables precise, reproducible deposition of your sample to a targeted location. The shadow mask is compatible with all Poseidon, Atmosphere, and Fusion E-chips* and works with most physical vapor deposition methods (sputtering, e-beam evaporation, thermal evaporation) and drop casting. Using the shadow mask as part of your sample prep routine will aid with:\n- Prevention of accidental E-chip shorting that occurs from sample spread\n- Concentrating more sample in the viewing area to ensure there is plenty present for analysis\n- Keeping spacers on closed-cell E-chips clean to prevent leaks\nThe shadow mask package contains: shadow mask plate with lid, sample pack of mask E-chips (10 total mask E-chips), set of 10 blank E-chips to fill unused pockets in the plate (to prevent sample build-up in the pockets).\nThe sample pack of mask E-chips comes with to mask designs: a square opening and a narrow opening. While either one can be used for many applications, the square opening is recommended for use with Fusion heating and Atmosphere heating E-chips, and the narrow opening is recommended for use with Poseidon E-chips and Fusion electrical E-chips.\n- Shadow Mask plate and lid are made of PEEK\n- Max temperature recommendation for the plate and lid: 100C\n- Size of mask plate and lid: (70 L x 35 W x 12 H) mm\n- Vacuum compatible\n- Mask E-chips openings: Square - 120 x 120 µm | Narrow - 120 µm x 240 µm\n*The FIB-optimized E-chip is not to be used with the Shadow Mask. Please use the FIB stub with this E-chip instead.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://glenjackson.faculty.wvu.edu/presentations", "date": "2017-09-23T12:37:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689661.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923123156-20170923143156-00548.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7356634736061096, "token_count": 2258, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__50781227", "lang": "en", "text": "Invited presentations (non-conference)\nWest Virginia Law Review Symposium, Morgantown, WV\nNorth Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC\nUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, SC\nUS FDA, College Park, MD\nRoads Scholar Academy, Naples, FL\nDuquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA\nGeorgetown University, Washington, DC, Sept 2014\nSociety for Applied Spectroscopy (SAS) Speaker Tour, John Carroll University, Cleveland, OH\nPurdue University, West Lafayette, IN\nIndiana University, Bloomington, IN\nAppalachia State University, Boone, NC\nBennett Careers for Chemists Program, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV\nNSF Workshop of Strengthening Forensic Science Through Connections with Analytical\nSciences, Arlington, VA\nDepartment of Chemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL\nAlumni College, Ohio University, Athens, OH\nDepartment of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH\nDepartment of Chemistry, Otterbein University, Westerville, OH\nMFRC Forensic Education Forum, Indianapolis, IN\nDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State U., Kent, OH\nDepartment of Chemistry, U. Akron, Akron, OH\nPittsburgh Mass Spectrometry Discussion Group, Pittsburgh, PA\nPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richmond, WA\nFDA Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH\nDepartment of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI\nTruman State University, Kirksville, MO\nOxford Roundtable on Criminal Law and Justice, Oxford University, Oxford, England\nDepartment of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX\nDepartment of Chemistry, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA\nDepartment of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV\nOhio Academy of Science, Dayton, OH\nNIH, Bathesda, MD\nInvited conference presentations\nF. M. Fernandez and G. P. Jackson, “ Forensic Mass Spectrometry: #TellMeSomethingIDontKnow” Opening Tutorial at the 64th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, San Antonio, TX, June 2016\nG. P. Jackson, “The Future of Forensic Instrumental Methods of Analysis” at the 68th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, Las Vegas, NV, Feb 2016\nW. D. Hoffmann, B. Lv, G. P. Jackson, “Isobaric drug analysis using direct analysis in real time (DART) and hydrogen/deuterium exchange” ACS Meeting, Boston, MA, Aug 2015\nG. P. Jackson, K. I. Konstantynova, M. V. P de Matos, R. Mohr,”Forensic Attribution using Stable Isotopes: Hairs to Humans and Insects to Carrion” Pittsburgh Conference, New Orleans, LA, Mar 2015\nG. P. Jackson “Linking Insects to Humans and Hair to Human Phenotypes using Stable Isotopes” ASMS Sanibel Conference on Security and Forensic Applications of Mass Spectrometry, Clearwater Beach, FL, Jan 2015\nG. P. Jackson, R. Mohr, K. I. Konstantynova “Forensic Attribution using Stable Isotopes: Hairs to Humans and Insects to Carrion” SciX Conference, Reno, NV, Oct 2014\nG. P. Jackson “Metastable Atom Activated Dissociation: Status and Outlook” ASMS Sanibel Conference on Ion Activation: Fundamentals, Applications, and New Frontiers, Clearwater Beach, FL, Jan 2014\nG. P. Jackson, Y. An, K. I. Konstantynova “Biometrics from the Stable Isotope Analysis\nof Amino Acids in Human Hair” FACSS Innovation Award Session, SciX Conference,\nMilwaukee, WI, Oct\nG. P. Jackson, F. Jin, W. D. Hoffman, G. F. Verbeck “Development of a Loeb-Eiber\nMass Filter for Portable Mass Spectrometry” 9th Harsh Environment Mass Spectrometry\nWorkshop (HEMS), St. Pete Beach, FL, Sept\nG. P. Jackson, Y. An, K. Konstantynova “Biometrics from the delta13C Values of Amino Acids in Human Hair” FIRMS Conference, Montreal, Canada, Sept 2013\nG. P. Jackson, R. E. Deimler, T. Razunguzwa, B. Reschke and M. Powell “Direct Analysis of Forensic Samples by Laser Ablation Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LAESI-MS/MS)” SciX 2012, 39th FACSS Conference, Kansas City, MO, Oct 2012\nG. P. Jackson “Development of a Portable Loeb-Eiber Mass Spectrometer” 38th Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Reno, NV, Oct 2011\nG. P. Jackson, B. Deimler, S. L. Cook, C. M. Zimmernmann, R. Hoffman “Comparison of CID, ETD, and Metastable Atom-Activated Dissociation (MAD) of Phosphorylated Tau Peptides” Central Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS), Indianapolis, IN, Jun 2011\nG. P. Jackson “Metastable Atom-Activated Dissociation of Glycopeptides, Nitrosylated Peptides and Non-Peptidic Analytes” 38th Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Raleigh, NC, Oct 2010\nS. L. Cook, G. P. Jackson “Metastable-Atom Activated Dissociation (MAD) within a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (QIT-MS)” 7th Uppsala Conference on Electron Capture and Transfer Dissociation, Nara, Japan, Dec 2009\nG. P. Jackson “Quantitative Assessment of the Growth in Forensic Science Degree Programs in the US” 18th Triennial Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, New Orleans, LA, Jul 2008\nG. P. Jackson “A Faster Method of Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Fast or Complex GC and LC Separations” 34th Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Memphis, TN, Oct 2007\nG. P. Jackson, O. L. Collin, C. Zimmermann, Ü. A. Laskay, M. Beier “Fast Gas Chromatography With Quadrupole Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry Applied to the Detection of Explosives” 33rd Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Orlando, Fl, Oct 2006\nO. L. Collin, G. P. Jackson “Analysis of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters by Fast Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry” 33rd Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference, Orlando, Fl, Oct 2006\nG. P. Jackson “Metastable-Activated Dissociation Mass Spectrometry for the Structural Determination of Proteins” University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Mar 2005\nG. P. Jackson “Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry: Instrumentation and Applications” Upper Ohio Valley Section of the American Chemical Society, Marietta College, Marietta, OH, Feb 2005\nMore than 100 authored and co-authoroed presentations (oral and poster).\n2015 FORENSIC & INVESTIGATIVE SCIENCE OUTREACH, MORGANTOWN, WV\nForensic Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Workshop. Taught a three-day workshop to 17 practicing forensic professionals.\n2015 LAS VEGAS METROPOLITAN CRIME LABORATORY, LAS VEGAS, NV\nTaught a 3-day Forensic GC/MS course with EI Spectral Interpretation to ~17 practicing forensic professionals.\n2014 HOUSTON FORENSIC SCIENCE CENTER, HOUSTON, TX\nTaught a two-day Forensic GC/MS Workshop to ~23 practicing forensic professionals.\n2014 FORENSIC & INVESTIGATIVE SCIENCE OUTREACH, MORGANTOWN, WV\nForensic Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Workshop. Taught a three-day workshop to ~18 practicing forensic professionals.\n2013 WEBINAR SERIES ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE FOR THE LEGAL PROFESSIONAL, MORGANTOWN, WV\nTaught a live webinar on The Use of Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Science, including real-time question and answer session to more than 120 registrants.\n2011 CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR FORENSIC PROFESSIONALS PROGRAM, JACKSON HOLE, WY\nMass Spectrometry Workshop: Drug and Trace. Taught a two-day workshop to 25 practicing forensic professionals. Uncertainty of Measurements Workshop. Taught two ½-day workshops to a total of ~30 practicing forensic professionals.\n2010 CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR FORENSIC PROFESSIONALS PROGRAM, BOSTON, MA\nWorkshop 1: Mass Spectrometry: Drug and Trace. Taught a two-day workshop to 25 practicing forensic professionals. Mass Spectrometry\nWorkshop 2: Mass Spectrometry: HPLC for Toxicology. Taught a one-day workshop to 25 practicing forensic professionals.\n2009 INDIANA STATE POLICE, LABORATORY DIVISION, INDIANAPOLIS, IN\nMass Spectrometry Interpretation Workshop. Taught a three-day workshop to a total of 25 practicing forensic professionals in trace and drug units.\n2009 CEDAR CREST COLLEGE CONTINUING EDUCATION PROGRAM, ALLENTOWN, PA\nForensic Mass Spectrometry Workshop. (NIJ-funded). Taught a three-day workshop to 27 practicing forensic professionals.\n2009 CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR FORENSIC PROFESSIONALS PROGRAM, LAS VEGAS, NV\nForensic Mass Spectrometry Workshop. (NIJ/FSI Funded). Taught a two-day workshop to 25 practicing forensic professionals.\n2007 CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR FORENSIC PROFESSIONALS PROGRAM, ORLANDO, FL\nForensic Applications of Mass Spectrometry Workshop. (NIJ/FSI Funded). Taught two workshops to a total of 40 practicing forensic professionals.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.vynova-group.com/press-releases/launch-renewable-chlor-alkali", "date": "2024-02-21T02:46:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473360.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221002544-20240221032544-00440.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9057571887969971, "token_count": 788, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__180835124", "lang": "en", "text": "Vynova has started commercialisation of ISCC PLUS-certified renewable caustic soda, which is manufactured using renewable energy sources. Vynova’s renewable caustic soda has a significantly lower carbon footprint than conventionally produced caustic soda and will help customers across a variety of industries to manufacture more sustainable products.\nFor the production of its renewable caustic soda, Vynova uses electricity generated from renewable energy input like wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal or water (including hydrothermal sources, waves and tides) in its membrane electrolysis process. The renewability of the electricity is proven via renewable energy Guarantees of Origin (GOs), renewable power purchase agreements (PPAs) or via a direct connection to the processing unit producing the renewable electricity.\nMass balance approach\nVynova’s renewable caustic soda is certified under the ISCC PLUS framework according to a mass balance concept using a proportional approach. ISCC is a globally applicable sustainability certification system. The ISCC PLUS certification scheme requires strict traceability and is verified by independent third-party auditors. Vynova is the first company worldwide to obtain the ISCC PLUS certification for renewable caustic soda. Vynova’s renewable caustic soda will be produced at its membrane electrolysis plant in Tessenderlo, Belgium.\n“This product launch is another important step in improving the sustainability performance of our products in the chlor-alkali chain. Using the mass balance approach, we can now attribute a renewable energy share across all the products coming from our Tessenderlo electrolysis unit. Caustic soda is primarily used as a process chemical and our renewable caustic soda will help our customers across a wide range of industries to achieve their sustainability goals,” comments Peter Oosterveer, Vynova Vice President Caustic Soda Business.\nSame product quality and specifications\nThe renewable caustic soda meets the same rigorous product quality and specifications as Vynova’s conventionally produced caustic soda. Customers will be able to process it with their existing equipment, under identical process conditions.\nVynova’s renewable caustic soda will be marketed under the VynoEcoSolutions brand, Vynova’s portfolio of circular and renewable products, which also includes the company’s bio- and circular-attributed PVC ranges.\nThe membrane electrolysis unit at Vynova's site in Tessenderlo, Belgium.\nVynova's renewable caustic soda is manufactured using electricity generated from renewable energy input.\nDownload a series of press images\nVynova is a leading European PVC and chlor-alkali company. Our products play a key role in manufacturing numerous industrial products and consumer goods that improve our quality of life. With production sites in five countries and 1,250 committed employees, we generate annual sales of 1 billion euros.\nEstablished in 2015, Vynova is the chlor-vinyls platform of the International Chemical Investors Group (ICIG). Our product offering comprises multiple grades of suspension PVC (S-PVC), KOH and other potassium derivatives, caustic soda (NaOH) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).\nFor more information, visit www.vynova-group.com.\nISCC is a globally applicable sustainability certification system and covers all sustainable feedstocks, including agricultural and forestry biomass, circular materials and renewables. With currently over 4,000 valid certificates in more than 100 countries, ISCC is among the world’s largest certification systems. It has been developed through an open multi-stakeholder process and is governed by an association with more than 150 members, including research institutes and NGOs.\nGroup Communication Manager Vynova Group\nPhone: +32 479 32 34 99", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://arc-refuellers.be/temperature-jet-fuel-burn/", "date": "2024-02-26T10:41:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474659.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226094435-20240226124435-00098.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8916870355606079, "token_count": 2317, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__155696943", "lang": "en", "text": "Every time we witness the awe-inspiring sight of jets soaring through the sky, we can’t help but wonder about the incredible power that propels them forward. The secret lies in the remarkable properties of jet fuel burn and the intricate combustion process that takes place within a jet engine.\nIn this article, we will delve deep into the science behind jet fuel burn, uncovering its components, properties, and the factors that affect its performance. Fasten your seatbelts and prepare for an illuminating journey through the world of jet fuel.\nUnderstanding Jet Fuel’s Composition and Characteristics\nAviation turbine fuel (ATF), commonly known as Jet fuel, is a highly refined, combustible liquid that is specially designed to be used in aircraft engines. The fuel is primarily composed of a variety of complex hydrocarbon compounds that are derived from crude oil and natural gas. These compounds include paraffins, cycloparaffins or naphthenes, aromatics, and olefins, with proportions varying depending on the source of the fuel and the refining process used.\n- How to Choose the Right Aviation Fuel Solution for Your Aircraft?\n- Aircraft Refueling Hazards & Minimum Safe Distance\nThe production of Jet fuel involves meticulous formulation to meet the stringent requirements of aviation, ensuring optimal performance, safety, and reliability during flights.\nSeveral key components influence the properties of jet fuel:\n- Combustion Quality: Determines the efficiency of fuel burn, impacting power output and emissions.\n- Energy Content: The amount of heat released per unit mass of fuel, directly affecting engine performance and range.\n- Volatility: The tendency to evaporate, influencing ignition and atomization within the engine.\n- Lubricity: Important for reducing wear and tear on engine components.\n- Stability: Resistance to degradation during storage and use.\nComparing Jet A and Jet A-1\nJet A and Jet A-1 are two commonly used jet fuels known for their high efficiency and effectiveness in powering turbo aircraft engines. Both fuels have flash points above 38 °C (100 °F) and autoignition temperatures reaching up to a staggering 210 °C (410 °F). These properties make them highly efficient jet fuels, enabling them to power turbo aircraft engines effectively.\nThe Combustion Chamber: Where the Magic Happens\nJet fuel consists primarily of hydrocarbon molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. These hydrocarbons release energy when they undergo combustion, which powers the aircraft. The long-chain hydrocarbons in jet fuel provide a high energy density, allowing for efficient fuel consumption and prolonged flight durations.\n- Aircraft Ground Refueling Procedures: A Comprehensive Guide\n- Exploring the Electric Aircraft Refueling Vehicles\nThe combustion chamber of a jet engine is where the magic happens. It is the space where the jet fuel reacts with oxygen to produce an incredible amount of energy, propelling the aircraft forward. The combustion process can be broken down into several stages:\n- Intake: Air is pressurized in the engine’s compressor, increasing its pressure several times over atmospheric pressure.\n- Atomization: Nozzles spray the fuel into a fine mist, maximizing its surface area for efficient mixing with air.\n- Vaporization: The intense heat within the chamber converts the atomized fuel into vapor, creating a combustible mixture.\n- Ignition: The high pressure and heat cause the fuel-air mixture to ignite spontaneously, releasing a surge of energy in the form of hot, expanding gases.\n- Expansion and Thrust: The hot gases blast through the turbine blades, rotating the engine’s compressor and generating thrust.\n- Exhaust: The remaining gases exit through the nozzle, propelling the aircraft forward.\nThis combustion process, known as “jet” or “turbo-jet” combustion, utilizes higher pressures and combusts faster with greater efficiency, resulting in reduced pollutant production.\nThe Net Heat of Combustion: Powering Jet Engines\nThe net heat of combustion is a crucial parameter that directly affects the efficiency and performance of jet engines. It refers to the quantity of heat released by the combustion of a unit quantity of fuel with oxygen. The net heat of combustion influences the economics of engine performance, as a reduction in heat energy would result in increased fuel consumption and decreased range.\nJet fuels are carefully formulated to have high net heat of combustion values, ensuring efficient energy release during combustion and maximizing the power output of the engine. By selecting the composition and properties of jet fuels meticulously, manufacturers strive to achieve the ideal balance between energy content and fuel consumption.\nFlammability and Ignition Characteristics of Jet Fuel\nUnderstanding the flammability and ignition characteristics of jet fuel is crucial for ensuring safe operations. Jet fuels must possess specific properties to support the combustion process and maintain stable ignition.\nFlash Point: A Measure of Flammability\nThe flash point is the lowest temperature at which a fuel vapor can ignite when exposed to an open flame or spark. Jet fuels, such as Jet A and Jet A-1, have flash points above 38 degrees Celsius (100 degrees Fahrenheit), making them less volatile and safer to handle. The flash point serves as a reference for determining safe handling and storage practices, as dictated by local regulations and insurance requirements.\nFlammability Limits Versus Altitude\nSelf-sustained combustion occurs within specific ranges of fuel vapor-to-air ratios, influenced by temperature and pressure. The flammability limits vary with altitude, as changes in temperature and pressure affect the composition of the fuel-air mixture. Understanding these limits is crucial for maintaining safe operating conditions throughout different altitudes.\nMinimum Spark Ignition Energy\nThe minimum energy needed for a spark to ignite a hydrocarbon fuel/air mixture is 0.20 mJ. The ideal conditions are a rich mixture near the stoichiometric point, glass flanged metal electrodes with a gap of 0.4 cm. Any deviation from ideal conditions increases the energy requirement for ignition. Different fuel/air mixtures, electrode geometry, or gap distance will affect the energy needed. Fuel in mist or spray form requires more energy for ignition than vapor. Higher oxygen concentration decreases ignition energy. The ignition energy needed for fuel sprays depends on temperature, fuel volatility, nozzle configuration, and fuel pressure.\nUnveiling the Effects of External Factors on Jet Fuel Burn\nThe successful combustion of jet fuel is influenced by various external factors that must be taken into consideration. Weather conditions, altitude, and humidity levels can affect the efficiency and performance of the fuel-burning process.\nExtreme temperatures and high-altitude conditions can pose challenges to the combustion process. The lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes necessitate adjustments to the air-fuel mixture to maintain proper combustion. Moreover, changes in ambient temperature can impact the viscosity of the fuel, affecting its flow rate and combustion characteristics.\nPressure Levels Required for Jet Fuel Combustion\nJet fuel needs to be pressurized for optimal combustion. At ground level, 3-5 atmospheres are required, while higher altitudes may require up to 7-8 atmospheres. Higher pressures lead to improved combustion efficiency and lower emissions. Fuel composition and characteristics determine the specific pressure requirements.\nThe humidity of jet fuel affects its combustion performance. Too much moisture can cause incomplete combustion and more emissions, while too little can result in inefficient fuel distribution. Modern jet engines have advanced humidifiers and dehumidifiers to maintain optimal humidity levels, which reduces emissions and lowers fuel consumption costs.\nTemperatures at Which the Jet Fuel Burn\nThe combustion of jet fuel is a process that is significantly influenced by temperature. The ignition of jet fuels typically occurs within the temperature range of 300 to 400 degrees Celsius, although the precise parameters may vary depending on the specific additives used in the production process. If the temperature falls below this range, the fuel may not ignite, and combustion efficiency may be compromised due to increased viscosity. Conversely, if the temperature exceeds this range, there may be an upsurge in emissions such as CO and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC).\nIt is imperative to focus on optimizing the temperature range for jet fuel burning to reduce emissions and maximize efficiency. Various techniques such as fuel pre-heating and fuel temperature control systems can be implemented to maintain the most appropriate combustion conditions.\nMaximum Flame Temperature\nWhen burning hydrocarbons in pure oxygen, the maximum flame temperature can be precisely determined. Carbon can reach 3200°C, while hydrogen can reach 2750°C. However, when air is used instead of pure oxygen, the maximum flame temperature decreases by two-thirds. Burning in air requires heating three times as many molecules as burning in pure oxygen, resulting in only a 1/3rd rise in temperature. Burning hydrocarbons in the air can increase temperature by 1000°C, but reaching the maximum temperature is complex with a diffuse flame.\nDebunking Jet Fuel Myths\nJet fuel has been the subject of numerous misconceptions and myths over the years. Let’s debunk some of the most common misunderstandings surrounding jet fuel:\nMyth: Jet Fuel Melts Steel Beams\nOne persistent myth is the belief that jet fuel can melt steel beams. However, this claim is not supported by scientific evidence. Steel melts at a temperature of 2,750 degrees Fahrenheit, while jet fuel burn at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit. While jet fuel can cause structures to catch fire and potentially weaken them, it does not reach temperatures high enough to melt steel.\nMyth: Jet Fuel is Just Kerosene\nWhile jet fuel and kerosene share some similarities, they are not the same. Jet fuel is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds derived from crude oil and natural gas. Kerosene, on the other hand, is primarily refined from petroleum. The flash point and other properties of kerosene may differ from those of jet fuel, making it unsuitable for use in aircraft.\nSafety Considerations for Handling and Storing Jet Fuel\nJet fuel is a highly regulated and tightly controlled substance due to its critical role in aviation. Minor changes in fuel properties, cleanliness, or contaminant levels can have significant and unexpected effects on engine performance. Therefore, stringent specifications and handling procedures are in place to ensure utmost safety and reliability.\nOne crucial safety consideration when dealing with jet fuel is its flash point, the temperature at which the fuel vapor ignites. To minimize the risk of accidental fuel explosions during handling and storage, jet fuel should have a high flash point. Additionally, jet fuel must exhibit thermal stability, especially when subjected to temperature extremes encountered during flight.\nHandling and storing jet fuel requires meticulous care due to its highly flammable and potentially hazardous nature. From transportation to storage facilities, strict safety protocols must be followed to minimize the risk of accidents or fuel contamination.\nThe science behind jet fuel burn is a complex yet fascinating subject. Understanding the properties, combustion process, and safety considerations of jet fuel is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of aircraft. By adhering to stringent regulations and implementing proper handling and storage practices, the aviation industry ensures that jet fuel is used safely and efficiently in aircraft engines. The power and reliability of jet engines are a testament to the remarkable properties of jet fuel and the meticulous engineering that goes into its combustion process.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.daham.org/basil/leedswww/ftir/ftir_principle.htm", "date": "2017-07-24T08:45:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424770.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724082331-20170724102331-00574.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9107874631881714, "token_count": 1303, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__142877695", "lang": "en", "text": "Principles of Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy\nThe application of traditional infrared spectroscopy to low concentration measurements, such as ambient air measurements, is limited by several factors. First is the significant presence of water vapour, CO 2 and methane, which strongly absorb in many regions of the infrared (IR) spectrum. Consequently, the spectral regions that can easily be used to search for pollutants are limited to 760-1300cm -1 , 2000-2230 cm -1 , and 2390-3000 cm -1 . Another problem is that the sensitivity is not enough to detect very small concentrations in the sub-ppm level. Finally, spectral analysis was difficult since subtraction of background spectra had to be carried out manually.\nThe development of Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR) in the early 1970s provided a quantum leap in infrared analytical capabilities for monitoring trace pollutants in ambient air. This technique offered a number of advantages over conventional infrared systems, including sensitivity, speed and improved data processing.\nThe basic components of an FTIR are shown schematically in Figure 1 . The infrared source emits a broad band of different wavelength of infrared radiation. The IR source used in the Temet GASMET FTIR CR-series is a SiC ceramic at a temperature of 1550 K. The IR radiation goes through an interferometer that modulates the infrared radiation. The interferometer performs an optical inverse Fourier transform on the entering IR radiation. The modulated IR beam passes through the gas sample where it is absorbed to various extents at different wavelengths by the various molecules present. Finally the intensity of the IR beam is detected by a detector, which is a liquid-nitrogen cooled MCT (Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride) detector in the case of the Temet GASMET FTIR CR-series. The detected signal is digitised and Fourier transformed by the computer to get the IR spectrum of the sample gas.\nFigure 1: Basic components of FTIR\nThe unique part of an FTIR spectrometer is the interferometer. A Michelson type plane mirror interferometer is displayed in Figure 2 . Infrared radiation from the source is collected and collimated (made parallel) before it strikes the beamsplitter. The beamsplitter ideally transmits one half of the radiation, and reflects the other half. Both transmitted and reflected beams strike mirrors, which reflect the two beams back to the beamsplitter. Thus, one half of the infrared radiation that finally goes to the sample gas has first been reflected from the beamsplitter to the moving mirror, and then back to the beamsplitter. The other half of the infrared radiation going to the sample has first gone through the beamsplitter and then reflected from the fixed mirror back to the beamsplitter. When these two optical paths are reunited, interference occurs at the beamsplitter because of the optical path difference caused by the scanning of the moving mirror.\nFigure 2: Michelson interferometer\nThe optical path length difference between the two optical paths of a Michelson interferometer is two times the displacement of the moving mirror. The interference signal measured by the detector as a function of the optical path length difference is called the interferogram. A typical interferogram produced by the interferometer is shown in Figure 3 . The graph shows the intensity of the infrared radiation as a function of the displacement of the moving mirror. At the peak position, the optical path length is exactly the same for the radiation that comes from the moving mirror as it is for the radiation that comes from the fixed mirror.\nFigure 3: A typical interferogram\nThe spectrum can be computed from the interferogram by performing a Fourier transform. The Fourier transform is performed by the same computer that ultimately performs the quantitative analysis of the spectrum.\nThe degree of absorption of infrared radiation at each wavelength is quantitatively related to the number of absorbing molecules in the sample gas. Since there is a linear relationship between the absorbance and the number of absorbing molecules, multicomponent quantitative analysis of gas mixtures is feasible.\nTo perform multicomponent analysis we start with the sample spectrum. In addition, we need reference spectra of all the gas components that may exist in the sample, if these components are to be analysed. A reference spectrum is a spectrum of one single gas component of specific concentration. In multicomponent analysis we try to combine these reference spectra with appropriate multipliers in order to get a spectrum that is as close as possible to the sample spectrum. If we succeed in forming a spectrum similar to the sample spectrum, we get the concentration of each gas component in the sample gas using the multipliers of the reference spectra, provided that we know the concentrations of the reference gases.\nFor example, suppose we have a sample spectrum and reference spectra like those shown in Figure 4 . In this case, we know that the sample gas consists of gases Reference 1 and Reference 2. We have the reference spectra available and we know that these reference spectra represent concentrations of 10 ppm and 8 ppm respectively. To find out the concentration of each component in the sample gas, we try to form the measured sample spectrum using a linear combination of the reference spectra. We find out that if we multiply the spectrum Reference 1 by 5 and the spectrum Reference 2 by 2, and combine these two spectra, we get a spectrum that is similar to the sample spectrum. Accordingly, the sample gas contains reference gas 1 at five times the amount in the reference spectrum 1, and reference gas 2 at two times the amount in the reference spectrum 2. The analysis indicates that the sample indeed consists of these two reference gases. The concentration of the reference gas 1 in the sample is found to be 50 ppm, and the concentration of the reference gas 2 in the sample is 16 ppm.\nFigure 4: An example of spectra for multicomponent analysis\nThis multicomponent ability of FTIR means that theoretically, any spectrum obtained with the FTIR can be reprocessed at a future date to determine the concentration of any newly calibrated gases. Therefore it is worth saving the spectra obtained from FTIR since they potentially contain so much information about the sample gas.\nMore information from the manufacturer's website can be found here where you can download a pdf document all about the theory of FTIR spectroscopy.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.sporomex.co.uk/applications/cosmetics", "date": "2024-04-21T21:45:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817819.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421194551-20240421224551-00725.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9297791719436646, "token_count": 417, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__171821404", "lang": "en", "text": "Cosmetics and Personal Care\nHere the two important factors tend to be the anti-oxidant protection provided by the exine shell coupled with the ability of the finger or thumb or other pressure to release an encapsulated liquid from the exines onto such as fabric or the skin. The exine shells are a natural replacement for the plastic beads that have for many years been used in cosmetic, personal care and laundry products.\nThe encapsulated active ingredient may be applied to the skin in a cosmetic formulation and release from the exine shells onto the skin over a period of time achieved by continued rubbing. The encapsulated active ingredient in a cosmetic, personal care or laundry formulation may also be sprayed onto fabric or other surface and release achieved by pressure. However, depending on the encapsulation process a continuous diffusion from the exines (that act as a reservoir) can be achieved.\nThe encapsulated ingredients form a dry powder, which can be added to a cream or lotion. Several different powders can be used in a single product so for example, sun screen, sun tan and an aroma could be present in a sun lotion. The colour of the powder can be varied from chocolate-brown to light cream depending upon the application for which it is required.\nWhere the active ingredient is volatile a co-encapsulating substance is required to block the pores in the exine shell or to form an inner or outer protective layer. In order to obtain effective release on application however, this substance must be easily broken or able to be pushed out. One possibility is cocoa butter which can easily be applied as a liquid during the filling procedure. It then becomes solid at ambient temperatures, but melts again when put on the skin. Rubbing will release both the cocoa butter and the active ingredients it is helping to contain.\nWe have licensed our exine shell technology to a multi-national cosmetic ingredients company for use in the decorative cosmetics market. A variety of cosmetic formulations have been manufactured and cosmetic products incorporating our exine microcapsule technology were placed on the market late 2012.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://onepotwellness.com/crispy-air-fried-chicken-wings/", "date": "2023-11-28T14:44:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099514.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128115347-20231128145347-00158.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8775998950004578, "token_count": 1728, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__135543643", "lang": "en", "text": "If you're obsessed with your air fryer like I am, you'll love making crispy chicken wings in the air fryer.\nAir fryers have changed the way that I cook. They are a healthier alternative to frying and make things like crispy chicken wings possible without the excess oil.\nIn this recipe, we'll show you how to make irresistibly crunchy air fryer chicken wings using a salt brine and baking powder.\nWhy you'll love this recipe\nYou'll want to save this one for your next superbowl party.\nHow to Make Crispy Chicken Wings\nWhat are the secrets to achieving crispy skin chicken wings in the air fryer?\nUsing a salt brine is an essential first step in this air fryer chicken wings recipe.\nThe overnight salt brine works by infusing the chicken wings with moisture and seasoning, resulting in a juicier and more flavorful end product.\nIf you don't have time for an overnight soak, aim for at least 2 hours.\nWhen the chicken is immersed in the saltwater mixture, the salt molecules penetrate the meat, breaking down its protein structure and allowing the wings to retain more water during the cooking process.\nThis moisture retention not only prevents the chicken from drying out but also enables the flavors of the brine to be absorbed deeply into the meat. As a result, the chicken wings become thoroughly seasoned from the inside out.\nIncorporating baking powder into the seasoning mixture is another important aspect of this air fryer chicken wings recipe that contributes to the chicken wings' exceptional crispiness.\nIt is important to use baking powder, not baking soda for this.\nBaking powder is a leavening agent that contains both an acid and a base. When exposed to heat, it produces carbon dioxide gas, causing the wings' surface to puff up and create a light, airy texture.\nThis reaction occurs during the air frying process, helping to create a delicate and crispy crust on the chicken wings.\nAdditionally, the alkaline properties of baking powder promote browning, resulting in a beautifully golden and crunchy chicken wing.\nHow much baking powder for crispy wings?\nFor every pound of chicken wings that you're cooking, you should use 1-2 tablespoons of baking powder.\nTwo different temperatures\nCooking the chicken wings on a lower heat first before cranking up the temperature to a higher heat is a secret technique to achieving exceptionally crispy wings.\nStarting at a lower temperature allows the chicken skin to render its fat slowly, resulting in a tender and moist interior.\nAs the fat renders, it also helps to create a perfect base for the desired crispiness.\nAfter this initial cooking phase, increasing the heat to 400°F (200°C) or higher for the final cooking stage rapidly crisps up the chicken skin, giving it that irresistible crunch.\nThe combination of the low-and-slow rendering followed by the high-temperature crisping ensures that the chicken wings retain their juiciness while achieving a delectable golden-brown and crispy exterior.\nCan I use frozen chicken wings?\nFor the best results, it's recommended to use fresh or thawed chicken wings. Frozen wings may not absorb the seasoning and brine as well.\nCan I use other seasonings?\nAbsolutely! Feel free to experiment with different seasonings to suit your taste preferences. You can also add herbs, lemon zest, or other spices for more variety.\nGarlic Parmesan Wings\nAfter air frying, toss the wings in a mixture of 1 tablespoon melted butter, 1 tablespoon minced garlic, ½ cup grated Parmesan cheese, and chopped parsley for a rich and indulgent treat.\nCajun Spice Wings\nCoat the wings with a blend of 1tsp Cajun seasoning, ½ teaspoon paprika, ½ teaspoon garlic powder, and ½ teaspoon onion powder for a bold and spicy Cajun-inspired flavor.\nCreate a mix of dried herbs with 1 teaspoon each of thyme, rosemary, oregano, and basil to sprinkle over the wings for a burst of aromatic and earthy flavors.\nSmoky Chipotle Wings\nCombine 1 teaspoon chipotle chili powder, 1 teaspoon smoked paprika, ½ teaspoon cumin, and a pinch of cayenne for smoky and spicy wings.\nWhat happens if you use baking soda instead of baking powder on wings?\nUsing baking soda instead of baking powder on wings can result in a significantly different outcome.\nBaking soda is a stronger leavening agent than baking powder, which means it will create more air bubbles and cause the wings to rise more during cooking.\nHowever, using baking soda alone can also lead to an unpleasant bitter taste in the wings.\nCan I use cornstarch for crispy chicken wings?\nYes, when used on chicken wings, cornstarch can add a unique crispiness to the outer layer of the wings.\nTo use cornstarch on chicken wings, you can toss the wings in a mixture of cornstarch and your desired seasonings before cooking them in the air fryer. The cornstarch creates a light and crunchy coating on the wings, enhancing their overall texture.\nHow long do I brine the wings?\nBrine the wings for at least 1 hour or up to 4 hours for the best flavor and texture.\nCan I reuse the brine?\nNo, it's best to discard the brine after use due to potential contamination from the raw chicken.\nThe Crispiest Air Fryer Chicken Wings\nFor the Salt Brine:\n- 2 pounds approx. 907g of chicken wings\n- 4 cups 960ml of water\n- ¼ cup 60g of kosher salt\nFor the Seasoning:\n- 1 teaspoon 5g of garlic powder\n- 1 teaspoon 5g of smoked paprika\n- 1 teaspoon 5g of onion powder\n- ½ teaspoon 2.5g of cumin\n- ½ teaspoon 2.5g of cayenne pepper (adjust according to spice preference)\n- ½ teaspoon 2.5g of black pepper\n- 1 tablespoon 15g of baking powder\nStep 1: Prepare the Salt Brine\n- In a large bowl, combine 4 cups of water and ¼ cup of kosher salt, stirring until the salt dissolves completely.\n- Add the chicken wings to the saltwater mixture, ensuring they are fully submerged.\n- Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to 4 hours. For even juicier wings, you can brine them overnight.\nStep 2: Season the Chicken Wings\n- Remove the chicken wings from the brine and pat them dry with paper towels.\n- In a separate bowl, mix the garlic powder, paprika, cayenne pepper, black pepper, and baking powder to create the seasoning mixture.\n- Toss the dry chicken wings in the seasoning mixture until each wing is evenly coated.\nStep 3: Air fry\n- Preheat your air fryer to 250°F (120°C) for about 5 minutes.\n- Lightly grease the air fryer basket with cooking spray or brush with a small amount of oil to prevent sticking.\n- Place the seasoned chicken wings in a single layer in the air fryer basket, ensuring they are not overcrowded. You may need to cook them in batches.\n- Cook the chicken wings at 250°F (120°C) for 20 minutes.\n- Increase the temperature to 400°F (200°C).\n- Cook for an additional 15-20 minutes, flipping them halfway through to ensure even cooking and browning.\n- For extra crispiness, you can cook the wings for an additional 2-3 minutes, but be careful not to overcook.\nStep 4: Serve and Enjoy!\n- Once the chicken wings are cooked to perfection, remove them from the air fryer and let them cool for a minute or two.\n- Serve the hot and crispy air fryer chicken wings with your favorite dipping sauce or alongside some fresh veggies for a delightful meal.\nThe combination of the salt brine, flavorful seasoning, and the magic of baking powder creates chicken wings that are crispy on the outside and tender on the inside.\nThis air fryer chicken wing recipe is a healthier and equally tasty alternative to traditional fried chicken wings.\nIf you're looking for other easy and healthy dinners, check out these recipes.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mandingold.com/mineral.html", "date": "2022-08-13T07:15:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00428.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9250426292419434, "token_count": 248, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__181790373", "lang": "en", "text": "Pervasive gold mineralisation ranging from 1g/t to 10g/t occurs along FZ over a strike length ranging\nfrom few meters to a km..\nGold mineralisation occurs in all of the four major rock types (greywacke,\ndiorite and quartz-feldspar porphyry), and is spatially associated with a complex alteration pattern.\nAlteration assemblages identified to date include calcsilicate, potassic, chlorite–calcite and carbonate and\npoint to a mesothermal origin for gold mineralisation\nGold is associated with both arsenic and antimony\ndominated sulphide assemblages including arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, stibnite and gudmundite.\nPrimary gold is extremely fine grained, dominantly less than 15 microns, with rare grains approaching 50 microns\nThe grains of gold from primary deposits are worn down and transported to sink to the bottom of creeks\nand lineaments as alluvial gold\nThe deposit has been intensely weathered and mainly exploited soft oxide\nore since start up with the current known oxide reserves expected to be mined out by 2016.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ameps.net/what-is-eps/", "date": "2024-03-01T23:43:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475711.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301225031-20240302015031-00613.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9377309083938599, "token_count": 1195, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__193332926", "lang": "en", "text": "Polystyrene is one of the most widely used kinds of plastic. It is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, it melts if heated and becomes solid again when cool.\nPolystyrene is most commonly found in three forms. Rigid Polystyrene (PS), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) and Extruded Polystyrene (XPS).\nRigid polystyrene has many applications including disposable cutlery, cd cases, video/casette casings, components for plastic model toys as well as some margarine and yoghurt containers. Extruded polystyrene foam has good insulating properties making it important as a non-structural construction material. XPS is sold under the trademark Styrofoam by Dow Chemical, however this term is often used informally for other foamed polystyrene products.\nHow to produce foam?\nExpandable Polystyrene / EPS:\nThis is PS Foam that uses Pentane gas (C5H12) as the blowing agent. During the material production process called “Polymerisation” the polystyrene resin granules impregnated with the blowing agent. EPS production processes begin in the pre-expansion process where the EPS bead will expand by the heat of steam usually 50 times in volume. The next step in the process is moulding process where expanded foam bead will be heated again with steam then they expand further until they fuse together, forming as foam products.\n- Shape moulding machine that produce various shapes of foam products according to the molds such as icebox, helmet and packaging foam.\n- Block moulding machine that produce block foam and sheet foam Expanded EPS foam bead contains 98% air per volume, only 2% is plastic. This make EPS foam very light weight, has low thermal conductivity because air is the best insulation, high compressive strength and excellent shock absorption. These properties make EPS to be ideal material for packaging and construction.\nPolystyrene Paper (PSP):\nThis is a PS Foam which is produced by extruding process as another plastic. Production process start when put polystyrene resin pellets into the extruder that heated by electric. Foaming process occur at the end of extruder where the blowing agent, butane (C4H10) gas react with the melt plastic then become foam. The melted polystyrene foam is then extended as sheet then rolled as paper roll, that is why it is commonly known as “Polystyrene Paper”. The polystyrene foam sheet or polystyrene paper can be produced as many shape according to the mould by thermal forming process such as food tray, cups, bow, and food box.\nThere’s no any CFC’s in PS foam\nBoth EPS and PSP contain 95 -98 % air another 2-5% is polystyrene which is pure hydrocarbon. CFC’s is Chlorofluorocarbons which is totally different in its chemical structure from polystyrene. CFC’s has very low blowing point and uneasy to be maintained in EPS beads. Therefore, EPS Foam never use CFC’s at any stage of its production. The blowing agent used since EPS Foam was first introduced in 1952 by BASF is Pentane gas which, does not contain any chlorine atoms as CFC’s. PSP Foam in the beginning used CFC’s as blowing agent. In the past two decades CFC’s are gradually phased out from plastics and refrigerator industries. PSP moulders in Thailand already use Butane (C4H10) as the blowing agent since the last 15 years. Butane gas is the gas that we use at home for cooking. The blowing agents that use in producing PS Foam are Pentane and Butane, which are pure hydrocarbon as polystyrene. They belong to the same chemical family, the paraffin series as methane, ethane, and propane gas.\nHow to manage the EPS foam waste\nApart from recycling by melting and compacting, there are many ways to manage the EPS waste as the followings:\n- Crush in to small particle and mix with soil. Foam waste will improve ventilation in the soil, organic substances in the soil will become easier the humus.\n- Mixing the crushed bead with cement to reduce the weight and increase insulation properties.\n- Combustion at 1000 C with sufficient air supplies in to generate heat. Burning EPS require no any additional fuel, in fact EPS can replace the fuel normally required for combustion, l kg of EPS saves 1 kg = 1.2 – 1.4 Litre of fuel oil.\nThe Recycling of PS:\nSince both EPS and PSP Foam are made of Polystyrene, which is thermoplastic, so that it will become again a polystyrene plastic when recycled. AMEPS members recycle both EPS and PSP Foam by first crushing into small particle then melting or compacting it. Melting can be done by heated roller, disk or screw extruders, where the regrind scraps is heated usually by electrical power for some time above the melting temperature. Compacting can be done by rotary compactors where pressure and frictional force create heat below melting temperature to soften the regrind scraps for only few seconds. This method also called “agglomeration”.\nMagic EPS Recycling OVEN\nImproved paddle for mixing\nPavement made from PS waste foot\nCatwalk, Board, Synthetic timber plank\nEasy Ways To Recycle EPS\nFeeding of waste EPS\nSetting of temperature 160c\nRemoval of mould from the machine", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://chemistryannauniv.com/about.php", "date": "2022-07-01T14:55:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103941562.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701125452-20220701155452-00788.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9625586867332458, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__145918717", "lang": "en", "text": "The department of Chemistry located at College of Engineering, Guindy campus of Anna University, Chennai provides an outstanding environment for studies in Chemistry, is among the most research active departments in Anna University.\nOne of our key objectives is to create good quality human resource. It was established in the year 1975 to pursue teaching, research, consultancy and impart training programmes in different fields of Chemistry.\nSince its inception the Department offers core courses in chemistry like M.Sc (Applied Chemistry) and Ph.D programs. In addition, Applied Chemistry courses for the various B.E. / B. Tech. programs are being offered by the Department. M. Phil. (Chemistry) program was started in 1980 and M. Tech. (Polymer Science and Engineering), as an inter-disciplinary program, in 1995.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://stainless-steel-washers.dyifo.com/18-8-washers-explained-in-online-resource/", "date": "2023-02-01T03:24:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499899.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230201013650-20230201043650-00190.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9295626282691956, "token_count": 403, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__179980719", "lang": "en", "text": "Dyifo continues to expand its online information resources for parts buyers at construction companies and manufacturers. Dyifo’s latest publication explains the characteristics and uses of 18/8 stainless steel washers.\nThe resource page includes a video produced by Superior Washer & Gasket Corp. and a written discussion about the best applications for 18/8 stainless steel washers. Common questions about the washer’s food safety and how they compare to other stainless steel washers are also addressed in the content.\n18/8 stainless steel washers appeal to manufacturers and builders who need an attractive metal fastener assembly resistant to corrosion under normal conditions. Manufacturers stamp these washers from an 18/8 stainless steel alloy that contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This material can be polished to a bright metallic sheen. It resists rusting, staining, or tarnishing.\nThis alloy is largely similar to 304 stainless steel. Both are food safe, but 304 stainless steel can encompass both 18/8 and 18/10 stainless steel alloys. An 18/10 alloy has 2% more nickel.\nLoad distribution on fasteners assemblies represents the primary function of washers. Washers balance fastener tension and protect the materials being joined from damage by the bolt or screw pressing into a surface. Washers also guard against over tightening while still producing a secure connection.\nIn addition to flat washers, 18/8 stainless steel offers the same benefits when used to make lock washers, slotted washers, and other spaces. ASTM specifications for A240 and A240M can be applied to 18/8 stainless steel washers.\nOverall, 18/8 stainless steel washers are a common type of washer sold by many suppliers. Parts purchasers in need of specialty washers, large quantities, or many sizes often choose to work directly with a stamping manufacturer. Resources published by Dyifo allow buyers to research products and connect with fastener manufacturers.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bamford.co.uk/product/moisturising-cream/", "date": "2018-06-25T03:43:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867424.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625033646-20180625053646-00539.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7260005474090576, "token_count": 575, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__106168270", "lang": "en", "text": "There aren't any products in your bag yet\nExtra-rich for very dry or dehydrated skin. Our intensely hydrating cream is enriched with strawberry seed oil to deeply nourish. Safflower and cotton thistle extracts aid repair. Can also be used as an overnight cream.\n98% natural ingredientsSee more\nSafflower extract – ability to rejuvenate dry skin due to high levels of oleic acid. Contains vitamins a, b1, b2, b5, b6 and e.\nStrawberry Seed Oil – Containing essential fatty acids which boost skin lipid content and protect cell membrane integrity, restoring moisture levels. Rich in gamma-tocopherol, it provides antioxidant advantages, protecting from free radicals and environmental stress.\nCotton thistle flower extract – stimulates epidermal reconstruction, repairing damaged skin.\nFull ingredients list:\nAqua (water), oleyl alcohol , glycerin, argania spinosa (argan) kernel oil*, butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter*, squalane, cetearyl olivate, cetearyl alcohol, myristyl myristate, helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil, sorbitan olivate, alcohol, benzyl alcohol, fragaria ananassa (strawberry) seed oil, sodium benzoate, parfum (fragrance), anthemis nobilis (camomile) flower oil, cananga odorata (ylang ylang) flower oil, citrus limon (lemon) leaf/peel/stem oil, pelargonium graveolens (geranium) flower/leaf/stem extract, ribes nigrum (black currant) bud extract, rosa centifolia (rose) flower extract, sodium citrate, safflower oil/palm oil aminopropanediol esters, xanthan gum, salicylic acid, tocopherol, aloe barbadensis (aloe vera) leaf juice powder*, sodium hyaluronate, ethyl ferulate, onopordum acanthium (cotton thistle) flower/leaf/stem extract, polyglyceryl5 trioleate, sorbic acid, rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract, disodium uridine phosphate, limonene, geraniol, citronellol.\n* organically grown ingredient\n“Life at Daylesford follows the natural flow of the seasons. A favourite time is early summer when the first strawberries are deliciously ripe. Strawberry seed oil is intensely moisturising, making it perfect for daily skincare.”\nPlease select your gift wrapping at the checkout.\nShare this product", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.afterhoursautoparts.com/ammex-binpf49100-nitrilepowderfreeblacktextured-xxl-100pack.aspx", "date": "2021-07-30T04:04:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153931.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730025356-20210730055356-00498.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9572522640228271, "token_count": 160, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__57051432", "lang": "en", "text": "This is the GloveWorks Black Nitrile, a premium Industrial Grade disposable nitrile glove that is 30% thicker than standard nitrile gloves for added durability, so that each pair of gloves lasts longer while you're working. GloveWorks Black Nitrile gloves feature excellent protection against common chemicals, like carburetor cleaner, and many other specialty chemicals, such as iodine and butane, that you may encounter on the job. The glove holds up to brake fluid and, even after being dipped in gasoline, stays true to form. Work environments are always changing, and in wet or dry conditions you're going to need a strong grip. That's why GloveWorks Black Nitrile gloves are micro-roughened on the palm and textured on the fingertips.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.dinerosinfin.com/who-else-wants-converio-theme/", "date": "2020-08-05T08:39:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735916.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20200805065524-20200805095524-00078.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8567125797271729, "token_count": 383, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__176139552", "lang": "en", "text": "We are taking the lead in the world’s water ionizer industry through stringent quality management and efforts to provide our customers with the best alkaline water ionizer.\nWe are committed to the advancement of and educating the world about water ionizer technology. Enjoy all the benefits of drinking alkaline ionized water for an ion-balanced body.\n• Produces Strong Antioxidant Water Typically Exceeding -500mV\n• Features Platinum-coated Titanium Electrodes\n• 7 Stage Filter Cartridge with electronic integrated filter recognition\n• Innovative reverse polarity self cleaning system\n• Auto change color LCD panel\n• Built-in water control valve\n• Unique fold-down, rotating dispenser\n• State of the art self-diagnostic system\n• Voice supported alerts\n• Easy to Install\n• Antioxidants are considered beneficial because they slow the chemical process of oxidation or aging.\n• These electrodes are made of the finest quality materials in the world which means a lifetime of reliability and worry free maintenance.\n• Provides twice the peace of mind by eliminating harmful impurities while keeping beneficial minerals required to produce alkaline water which neutralizes acidity in your body.\n• Allows for continuous, uninterrupted production of ionized water. Eliminates waste and prevents scaling thereby extending life span of electrodes.\n• At a glance, allows user to confirm pH level, filter life, water temperature, inflow rate, and all important diagnostics.\n• Allow for the most precise adjustment of water inflow to maximize pH results.\n• Stunning design also reduces overall footprint of unit and consumes less space.\n• Unit shuts off automatically when water inflow is too low or water temperature is too high, preventing internal damage to the unit.\n• Indicates which setting or process is occurring in a pleasant voice.\n• No plumbers required. Takes minutes to install.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.lookfantastic.cz/brands/keracare.list", "date": "2021-05-08T04:34:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988837.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508031423-20210508061423-00494.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9051179885864258, "token_count": 271, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__114732448", "lang": "en", "text": "The KeraCare® Conditioning Haircare System is packed with high performing conditioners which help to protect, strengthen and leaves your hair looking and feeling healthy without sacrificing the health and strength of your hair or scalp.\nTreat dry, flaky, itchy scalp and hair with the KeraCare® Dry and Itchy System Each product contains active moisturisers which help preserve the scalp’s natural moisture balance.\nSpecifically formulated for naturally curly, non-relaxed hair textures. A carefully selected mixture of Shea Butter, Cocoa Butter, Alma and Shikakai, in each product to infuse moisture and shine.\nA versatile thermal protection system for naturally curly hair that detangles and helps straighten hair for easy manageability.\nFormulated by renowned Master chemist, Dr Ali N. Syed, who is widely thought of as the world’s leading authority on textured hair.\nWhen Dr Ali N. Syed created the KeraCare® Haircare brand he had one vision which was to create the most technologically advanced conditioning haircare products for women with African descent hair to celebrate their rich and unique beauty using the finest natural ingredients.\nThe KeraCare® Conditioning Haircare System * is widely used and loved by stylists and consumers in over 44 countries.\n*not tested on animals.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://nisshinkagaku.com/en/activities/oem_about.php", "date": "2024-04-14T14:17:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414130604-20240414160604-00863.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9371739625930786, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__174286896", "lang": "en", "text": "We are engaged in a wide range of manufacturing operations from general aerosol sprays covering cosmetics, quasi drugs and household and industrial items to liquid fillings centered on hair and skin care products. Our factories are equipped with numerous mixing and filling facilities, allowing for the construction of multiple production lines. This lets us flexibly handle everything from single-item orders to entire product lines with services that cover both small quantities of diverse items to large-scale mass production. We also offer comprehensive support, from formulation development and container proposals to regulatory filings and more. If you are interested in learning more, please contact us any time for details.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.trovercoats.com/product/dog-hair-day-aloe-vera-nettle-shampoo", "date": "2023-09-22T19:18:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00491.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8682622909545898, "token_count": 301, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__189024538", "lang": "en", "text": "In each bottle of Dog Hair Day shampoo you get:\n- 97% naturally derived ingredients – no Parabens and no harsh chemicals. All the ingredients used in Dog Hair Day shampoos are selected for their quality. A pH balanced shampoo to suit your dog’s skin, which differs from that of a human.\n- None of the ingredients or finished products are tested on animals. We have been awarded the Leaping Bunny Award by Cruelty Free International and have received accreditation by Naturewatch Foundation and The Ethical Shopping Guide.\n- We believe in being totally transparent about what goes into our shampoos. All our ingredients are listed on the bottles and on our website.\n- Also the shampoos are tested to human cosmetic standards.\nEvery Dog Deserves a Dog Hair Day\nDog Hair Day Aloe Vera & Nettle Shampoo Ingredients List:\nAqua, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Coco-Sulfate, Glycerin, Coco-Glucoside, Sodium Chloride, Polysorbate 80, Citrus Nobilis Peel Oil, Boswellia Carterii Oil, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Urtica Dioica Leaf Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Benzyl Alcohol, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, Citric Acid, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate, Limonene.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://travellingpagan.wordpress.com/2016/08/", "date": "2018-04-24T06:46:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946565.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424061343-20180424081343-00009.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9360181093215942, "token_count": 810, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__145859433", "lang": "en", "text": "An infusion is a form of water based potion, similar to a tea, and best suited for immediate ingestion of delicate ingredients such leaves or petals. To make a magical infusion: pour boiling water over your ingredients in goblet and leave to infuse for 5-10 minutes, stirring frequently. Strain before drinking if necessary. The leaves in an infusion need to steep longer than your average herbal tea, to allow enough time to release their phytochemicals, which are the active ingredients of the potion.\nA decoction is another water based potion designed for immediate ingestion. However, it is a more concentrated brew than an infusion and is usually reserved for tougher ingredients such as roots or bark – where prolonged stewing is needed to release the phytochemicals. A decoction can also be reduced, which is to say, it can be made more concentrated by prolonged simmering which evaporates the water. To make a decoction: simmer your ingredients in water in a cauldron over low heat for 10-30 minutes; then strain. Reduce if necessary with further simmering over a low heat.\nA tincture is an alcohol based potion. It fulfills the same function as an infusion or decoction but with the added advantage that it will keep for up to a year. A tincture is suitable for both delicate leaves and tougher materials such as bark as the alcohol releases the chemicals very effectively and in a similar way to the prolonged simmering of a decoction. To make a tincture: steep your ingredients in vodka or another spirit for a week. This allows time for the alcohol to release the active elements in your plant materials. After a week, strain off the liquid into a vial and store for up to a year. Administer sparingly, a tablespoon at a time.\nA vinegar fulfils the same purpose as a tincture except that vinegar is used instead of alcohol. Prepare your vinegar in the same manner as a tincture and store for up to a year. A vinegar is useful in the case of alcohol intolerance or where the herb used is particularly bitter as the vinegar will mask it to a great extent.\nA syrup is the most palatable form of potion. Here magical ingredients are preserved in a sugar solution. A syrup is another potion that will keep for up to a year. It is best suited for occasional use at it is very sweet and could cause tooth decay if taken regularly. A syrup can be taken by the spoonful or alternatively diluter in water in a similar manner to a fruit squash. To make a syrup: first make an infusion or decoction of your ingredients and reduce if necessary. Strain and add sugar to the potion, stirring frequently, until the brew won’t dissolve any more sugar and resembles a syrup. Store in an airtight bottle in a cool, dark place.\nA poultice is a wad of chopped plant material that is held in place directly over a wound by a bandage. To prepare a poultice: chop your fresh herb and apply directly to a wound or infection. Hold in place over the wound with a bandage. If using chopped dried herbs rehydrate them with some water first. If the herb is tough and hard to handle, try adding some vinegar diluter in water to your poultice.\nFomentations or compresses are cloths that have been dipped in an herbal solution – such as an infusion, decoction, or a tincture – and then are applied to a wound. To prepare a fomentation: first create the required infusion, decoction, or tincture. Then dip your cloth into the liquid, quite liberally, and apply. It is important to use a very clean cloth to prevent the spread of infection.\nA salve is very similar to a lotion or a cream. Magical ingredients are mixed in base of oils or fats for external application to the skin.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.usm.edu/chemistry-biochemistry/faculty/angela-o-bedenbaugh", "date": "2017-04-29T17:39:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123549.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00363-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7385029792785645, "token_count": 265, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__258848998", "lang": "en", "text": "Angela O. Bedenbaugh\nResearch Associate Professor (Retired)\nB.S. Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin\nPh.D. Physical-Organic Chemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia\n- Angela O. Bedenbaugh, John H. Bedenbaugh, James D. Adkins, and W. A. Bergin, \"Lithium-Methylamine Reduction. I. Reduction of Furan, 2-Methylfuran, and Furfuryl Alcohol,\" J. Org. Chem., 35, 543 (1970).\n- Angela O. Bedenbaugh, John H. Bedenbaugh, W. A. Bergin, and James D. Adkins, \"Synthesis of Aldehydes and Secondary Amines from Carboxylic Acids via Imines,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 92, 5774 (1970).\n- James D. Adkins, Angela O. Bedenbaugh, John H. Bedenbaugh, and W. A. Bergin, \"Conversion of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids to N-Methyl- and N-Ethylaldimines,\" U. S. Patent, 3,819,704 (1974).", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.links4.co.uk/product/xtm50-performance-cpu-gpu-thermal-paste-kit-5g-ct-9010002-ww/", "date": "2021-01-24T01:44:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703544403.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124013637-20210124043637-00783.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7485876679420471, "token_count": 384, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__179949036", "lang": "en", "text": "CORSAIR XTM50 High Performance Thermal Paste is the most complete solution to help lower your PC component temperatures. XTM50’s premium zinc oxide-based compound efficiently transfers heat from your PCs hottest components, lowering temperatures compared to common thermal paste. Non-conductive and easy to apply, XTM50 ensures your PC stays cool under pressure.\nEnthusiast CPU Thermal Compound: Premium Zinc Oxide based thermal compound for optimal thermal performance.\nCools your CPU and GPU: Install new, or replace existing, thermal compound on your CPU and GPU to improve heat transfer and lower temperatures.\nImproved CPU Cooling: Ultra-low thermal impedance lowers CPU temperatures vs common thermal paste.\nInstallation Made Easy: An included application stencil and spreader take the guesswork out of applying XTM50 to your CPU cooler.\nFilling the Gap: XTM50’s low-viscosity allows it to easily fill microscopic abrasions and channels for peak thermal transfer.\nLong Service Life: XTM50’s high-stability liquid compound lasts for years with no drying, cracking or change in consistency.\nKeep it Clean: Includes a specially formulated cleaning solution and lint-free wipes to help remove existing compounds without leaving unwanted residue.\nSafe For You And Your PC: Non-conductive, non-toxic and contains zero volatile compounds.\n– Type: XTM50 High Performance Thermal Paste\n– Weight: 5g\n– Thermal Conductivity: 5.0 W/mk\n– Thermal Impedance: 0.009°C -in/w\n– Viscosity: 2300K cPs\n-Specific Gravity: 2.7g/cm\n– 1x 5 gram CORSAIR XTM50 High Performance Thermal Paste\n– 1x Applicator kit (Thermal paste stencil and applicator)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.tysonfoods.com/news/viewpoints/packaging", "date": "2024-04-20T13:53:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00131.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9297375679016113, "token_count": 328, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__171699274", "lang": "en", "text": "Tyson Foods does not manufacture, distribute, or supply product packaging or packaging components. We do, however, work with our food packaging suppliers to ensure product packaging used for Tyson Foods’ products comply with all applicable laws and meets stringent quality, safety, and durability requirements. Packaging used for Tyson Foods’ products must, at a minimum, meet packaging requirements established in regulations and guidelines from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We also require suppliers of food contact packaging to be certified against and comply with the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) guidelines for food contact packaging.\nIn sourcing product packaging or packaging components for food products, Tyson Foods is guided by the recommended packaging metrics and definitions set forth by the Sustainable Packaging Coalition (SPC) and the Global Packaging Project. We have also worked with our suppliers to eliminate packaging and packaging components from our supply chain known to contain chlorinated fluorocarbons, phthalates, heavy metals (i.e., lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium), Bisphenol-A (BPA), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as additives, components in the packaging’s formulation, or for a continued presence in the final package to provide a specific characteristic, appearance, or quality. Further, we continuously work with suppliers to ensure compliance with emerging state laws on packaging components, including restrictions on substances and requirements for recyclability and compostability.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://writingresearchpapers.net/recycling-catalytic-converters-promotes-a-clean-environment/", "date": "2017-09-24T06:33:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689897.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170924062956-20170924082956-00675.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9220961332321167, "token_count": 351, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__160975499", "lang": "en", "text": "Platinum is a valuable metal contained within a catalytic converter that may be extracted when the converter is no longer functioning. Converter Guy delivers the highest values for scrap converters. Click here for a free quote for the value of your scrap converter.\nA significant portion of platinum supplied to world markets is used in the production of catalytic converters for the sole purpose of regulating emissions to improve air quality. Due to this benefit, the demand for platinum has expanded beyond catalytic converter manufacturing to the possibility of other car parts producing emissions. These rising demands have contributed to the increase in platinum prices, therefore, making scrap catalytic converters all the more attractive for recycling!\nCatalytic converters are used to filter harmful emissions within a converter. There are approximately 3 to 7 grams of platinum in a standard catalytic converter. Platinum continues to be one of the rarest, most sought-after precious metals. Found and mined primarily in South Africa and Russia, about eight tons of ore is mined to produce just one ounce of platinum! Beyond its undeniable allure in jewelry production, it has significant implications for industrial usages as well. This metal is used in products ranging from fuel cells to computer hard drives and LCDs. Platinum’s usefulness lies in the fact that it is corrosion-proof and has a very high melting point. Also, it is highly conductive.\nAll catalytic converters manufactured for automobiles contain platinum. Typically, some import auto models have larger catalytic converters, which in turn, contain more significant amounts of platinum. If you have a scrap converter, contact Converter Guy for the best price for recycling your scrap converter. You will be helping the environment as well as putting some cash in your pocket.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://store-hml7iwqa3w.mybigcommerce.com/epi-2-0-by-vital-labs", "date": "2024-04-15T17:06:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817002.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415142720-20240415172720-00821.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9250788688659668, "token_count": 1862, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__110161375", "lang": "en", "text": "Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy\nVital Alchemy presents Epi 2.0, one of the most potent non hormonal anabolic agents available today!\nEpi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy\nAnabolic Invasion is upon us!\nTechnological advancements are pushing the limits of what's naturally possible! Not just slightly pushing, but massively pushing, resulting in the development of a new anabolic agent!\nThe Anabolic Alchemy collection welcomes its newest member Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy - A Strong Supplement Shop Exclusive and Game-Changing Lean Bulking Anabolic Agent!\nWhat makes Epi 2.0 a Game-Changer?\nIt utilizes a recent advance in anabolic research, a non-hormonal agent that vastly increases lean mass, muscle hardness, and muscle endurance. The new ingredient is called Epicatechin (Epi).\nBut leave it to the innovators at Vital Alchemy to keep on advancing the technology, they didn't just settle for packaging one of the most effective lean muscle gainers available today, they studied it and made it even better.\nBrand new advances in pharmaceutical research, discovered after the development of standard Epicatechin allowed Vital Alchemy to greatly improve the ingredients effectiveness, making it up to 3 times more potent than plain Epicatechin!\nThese advances not only allowed Vital Alchemy to increase the ingredients potency, it also allowed them to almost double the amount of time it stays active in your body to promote maximum muscle growth!\nAs if a 3X increase in potency wasn't enough they took that ingredient and increased its value with a larger dose that is up to 225% more product than competing products.\nThe end result is Epi 2.0, a new product that allows you to cheat your genetics!\nHow does it do that?\nBy reducing a natural growth factor protein called Myostatin, which is a protein that exists in your body to genetically limit your muscle growth. Epi reduces Myostatin by boosting another protein called Follistatin. Follistatin is a blocker of Myostatin, so the more Follistatin you have, the less Myostatin you will have; and a recent study showed that Epi was able to boost Follistatin levels by up to 250%, ripping down the restrictions of muscle growth!\nTaking down those restrictions supports:\n- Increases in Lean Mass\n- Increases in Strength\n- Increases in Muscle Hardness\n- Increases in Muscle Endurance\n- Increases in Muscle Recovery\n- Decreases in Body Fat\n- Increases in Muscle Pumps\n- Increases in Protein Synthesis\nTake down those restrictions and fuse it with technological advancements, and you have entered a new paradigm for muscle growth!\nWhile the competition is still trying to figure out how to get their version of Epi 1.0 to work, Vital Alchemy brings to you Epi 2.0 - The most effective and potent Epicatechin supplement available today.\nWhy Is Epi 2.0 So Much More Effective Than the Competition?\nVital Alchemy carefully analyzed Epicatechin, and the unfortunate truth was that when people were taking it, their body was deactivating and barely absorbing majority of it, limiting its effectiveness.\nThe compound that helps you push past your own genetic potential, wasn't even coming close to meeting its own potential.\nThe problem was the way your body metabolized the compound. Once in your system, the enzyme that metabolizes Epi would attach a sulfur atom to it - this is what causes the deactivation of the compound. Those same enzymes are also highly present in your skin, so Vital Alchemy had to immediately rule out a version of the product that you would rub on your skin (transdermal), as that would make the ingredient even less effective.\nVital Alchemy then discovered the answer to this problem.\nThe answer lies with an ingredient called Quercetin: an ingredient that inhibits this process, preventing the compound from being deactivated.\nIn fact, it prevents the deactivation so well, that it is almost doubles the amount of time the compound remains active (half-life) in your system.\nVital Alchemy went and upped the ante by adding in a massively strong, selective absorption promoter to the formula called Sodium Caprate. An ingredient that temporarily loosens the barriers between your intestines and blood stream selectively allowing compounds like Epi in, and allowing you to get the maximum amount of Epi absorbed!\nThis combination of ingredients increases the potency of Epi by up to 300%.\nTo top it all off, Epi 2.0 packs a hardcore dose of Epicatechin providing you with up to 225% more product per serving for maximum muscle growth!\nThere's no question about it, Epi 2.0 is the most potent product of its kind.\nBuild Lean Hard Muscle with Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy! Get it Now!\nAdditional Benefits of Epi 2.0:\n- All Natural Formula\n- Works in Addition to Your Testosterone\n- Helps Improve Energy\n- Can be Used by Both Men and Women\n- Can be Used for up to 12 weeks at a Time\n- No On Cycle Support or PCT Needed\nKey Ingredients of Epi 2.0:\nEpicatechin: Epicatechin is a flavanol found in certain plants such as green tea and cocoa; and is a powerful antioxidant that helps decrease Myostatin. Myostatin is the greatest single catabolic limiting factor of muscle growth. This natural growth factor protein exists in our bodies and works to regulate and limit muscle growth in a genetically predetermined pattern. Myostatin actually suppresses muscle growth! Epicatechin works to decrease Myostatin which helps to reduce these limiting factors, promoting muscle development beyond your genetic potential.\nQuercetin: A flavanol commonly found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains primarily used to support normal respiratory health, cardiovascular health, and balanced blood pressure. In the case of Epicatechin, Quercetin inhibits the enzyme class known as “sulfotransferases” from binding to Epicatechin and attaching a sulfur atom to it, preventing its deactivation.\nSodium Caprate: Sodium Caprate is a salt of capric acid and is an absorption promoter, increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly permeable compounds across the gut wall. Sodium Caprate temporarily dilates tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium allowing small molecules to pass through into the bloodstream.\nSuggested Usage of Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy\nWith Epi 2.0 you will be taking a total of 4 capsules daily. Take 2 capsules in the morning with food, and 2 capsules roughly 6 hours later with food. Ideally, take one of the doses pre-workout.\nFor optimal results, cycle Epi 2.0 for 8-12 weeks (2-3 bottles).\nSuggested Add Ons:\nBio-Gro by iSatori: Bio-Gro contains Bio-Active peptides which helps increase your body's protein turnover rate. The more protein your body can synthesize, the more muscle you can build.\nEradicate by Blackstone Labs: Adding and an estrogen control agent will help to decrease body fat and raise your natural testosterone levels - helping to increase lean mass and serving as a strong recomp agent.\nDAA Max by Vital Labs: The #1 rated testosterone booster, D-Aspartic acid is a safe, natural way to effectively raise the body's natural testosterone levels. Increased testosterone levels lead to increased energy levels, increased strength, lean muscle mass gains, increased fat burning, and elevated sex drive.\nGet the Most Effective Epicatechin Supplement and Build Lean Hard Muscle with Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy! Get it Now!WARNING: Not for use of persons under the age of 18. Do not use if you are currently breast feeding, pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Keep out of reach of children. Consult your doctor prior to use if you have any medical conditions or if you are taking any other medications. Discontinue use immediately if you experience rapid heartbeat, dizziness, vomiting or other similar symptoms.\n**These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult your doctor before beginning any diet, supplement, or exercise regimen.\nSupplement Facts Panel\nEpi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy Ingredients\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Individual results may vary.\nRead Customer Reviews about their first-hand experience with Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy\nStrong Supplement Shop encourages you to read reviews below from other Customers and hear their real world experience with this supplement in and out of the Gym. Reasearch is important but we also value the testimonials of individual results who actually used Epi 2.0 by Vital Alchemy and can describe how the supplement felt. *Individual results may vary", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.wickfreescentedcandles.co.uk/clothesline-scentsy.html", "date": "2022-07-06T16:19:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104675818.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220706151618-20220706181618-00245.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8938944339752197, "token_count": 685, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__218463640", "lang": "en", "text": "Clothesline Scentsy. This strong, fresh Scentsy fragrance is one of our top sellers. Clothesline Scentsy is available in a range of gorgeous products including Scentsy bars, pods, car bars, scent paks and our loved laundry range. Crisp greens, orange flower, creamy violet and even a hint of white wicker basket will let you savor the scent of just-washed laundry — dried naturally in the fresh air anytime you please.\nIf you love clean, strong and fresh fragrances you are guaranteed to love our Clothesline Scentsy scent!\nThe easiest way to buy Scentsy products in our Clothesline scent is to visit my Scentsy shop online, use the search bar to enter 'Clothesline', all products available for purchase in that scent will come up.\nOur Clothesline Scentsy Scentsy Candle Bar is made of high-quality paraffin wax for long-lasting fragrance, Scentsy Bars are composed of eight break-apart cubes designed to use with any Scentsy Warmer. As the cubes melt, they fill your space with our exclusive scents, inspiring imagination and memories. Safe to use with no wick, flame, smoke or soot. Made in Idaho, USA. Net wt 2.6 oz. Each Scentsy Candle bar offers 8 cubes of luxury fragrance for you to break off and warm in your warmer to provide you with a luxury safe scented experience. When you warm our Clothesline Scentsy candle wax bar in your warmer, the scent lingers through your whole home, giving off an amazing freshly washed laundry scent.\nIt's hardly surprising our Clothesline Scent made it into our laundry range as it has become so popular.\nIf you have not tried our laundry range yet, you don't know what you are missing!\nEnzyme the grime with Clothesline Scentsy Laundry Liquid! A powerful 6-enzyme formula attacks difficult stains while penetrating cleaning agents lift away dirt. Leaves laundry remarkably clean as it enlivens your clothes, linens and towels with signature Scentsy fragrance. 591 mL (50 medium loads).\nCrisp greens, orange flower, creamy violet and even a hint of white wicker basket will let you savor the scent of just-washed laundry — dried naturally in the fresh air anytime you please.\n• Cleaning power comparable to leading laundry brands.\n• A powerful blend of six enzymes targets hard-to-remove stains. (tried and tested this is great for removing stains pre wash!)\n• Surfactants lift away dirt and grime.\n• Scentsy’s signature long-lasting fragrances enliven your clothes, linens and towels.\n• Highly efficient and ultra-concentrated formula works well in hot or cold water.\n• Free of dyes and colouring agents; will not stain laundry.\nClothesline Laundry Liquid is best used with our Clothesline Washer whiffs for extra freshness to have your laundry and clothing smelling amazing!\nClothesline Washer Whiffs by Scentsy are scent granules to give clothes, towels, and blankets a fragrance boost with just one scoop! Add to your washer drum. 453 g", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://windsor-eyelashes.com/spray-tan/", "date": "2022-11-27T19:42:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127173917-20221127203917-00688.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9272553324699402, "token_count": 407, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__210063781", "lang": "en", "text": "Get your summer glow without the sun damage. We now offer natural looking spray tans featuring Sjolie spray tanning products.\nDo you want the summer glow of a tan but not the sun damage or time consuming laying out in the sun? Do you have a special occasion such as a wedding or modelling photo shoot to get ready for and want a natural looking, healthy tan in 4-8 hours? Our spray tans can give you a healthy, natural looking, tanned glow in no time at all that will last up to 10 days. You will lose approximately 10% of your tan every time you shower. We also offer spray tan add ons such as coconut scent, tan accelerator and sparkles. View our services page for our spray tan prices. Call to book your spray tan appointment today.\nWhy we only use Sjolie Spray Tan Solutions\nNaturally Derived – Our entire spray tan solution product line is made of naturally derived ingredients certified vegan by PETA Foundation. We stand by our products and in our commitment to making the safest and most ethical solution in the spray tanning industry.\nMade Fresh – Our direct partnership with ingredient farmers allow us to send our blending experts their ingredients at peak freshness, with minimal time in transit, and at a better value than they can find anywhere else. These direct partnerships provide our agriculturalists with guaranteed demand for their harvest, allowing them to better plan their crop rotations to grow specialty ingredients just for our spray tanning products, and improving their livelihoods in the process.\nHow safe are our products? Our entire spray tan solution product line is Paraben free, erythrulose free and fragrance-free. Do not risk using other spray tan solution that use erythrulose which is a tetrose carbohydrate with the chemical formula of one ketone group and so is part of the ketose family. It is not currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a self-tanning agent.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://chenhanghuanbao.en.alibaba.com/company_profile.html?spm=a2700.icbuShop.88.28.392c1a5dSqvKBL", "date": "2020-04-06T21:29:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371660550.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406200320-20200406230820-00419.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9546219706535339, "token_count": 268, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__150599814", "lang": "en", "text": "Cangzhou Chenhang Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise integrating scientific research, design, production, maintenance and sales. With its professional level and mature technology in the field of environmental protection, it is rapidly rising. It is our constant pursuit to rely on science and technology for development and continuously provide users with satisfactory high-tech products.On the basis of fully introducing and absorbing foreign advanced technology, our company has successfully developed a series of products, such as environmental protection purification equipment, dust treatment equipment, waste gas treatment equipment, etc., and has been widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, welding, pharmaceutical, garbage treatment, spraying and many other fields. With the first-class product quality and exquisite technical service, it has received unanimous praise from users.Cangzhou Chenhang Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd. pursues the policy of \"aggressive, realistic, rigorous and united\". It constantly develops and innovates. It takes technology as its core, quality as its life, and users as its God. It wholeheartedly provides you with the most cost-effective environmental protection products, high-quality waste gas and dust engineering design, transformation and meticulous. After-sale service. The company has a professional design team, production team, can be customized according to customer requirements. Welcome to consult.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.kamagra4europe.to/en/what-are-generic-drugs", "date": "2022-12-06T01:30:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711064.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205232822-20221206022822-00810.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9483014941215515, "token_count": 340, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__214366952", "lang": "en", "text": "Generic drugs are substitutes for expensive tablets to treat erectile dysfunction. You certainly have noticed this \"generic boom\" and asked why generics are also cheap. Companies producing expensive Viagra, Cialis, Levitra and Spedra had to invest in the development of active substances.\nThey have been asking for money back from you already for several years in the form of a high price for popular color pills. Pharmaceutical companies generating generic drugs do not have to invest in active substances. Due to expiration of the patent, they can use the active substances that have already been developed. This offers you the ability to address erectile dysfunction with tablets with the same content - at a lower price.\nGeneric drugs contain an active drug substance that is the same as in the reference drug. The generic drug is a bioequivalent (the time course of blood levels in the original and its equivalence is the same), consistent with effectiveness, safety and quality standards. Generic drugs are approved on the basis of the same standards; they may vary in the content of inactive substances (dyes, sugar) and in the visual design. Are you suffering from erectile dysfunction? Address it immediately, without an unnecessarily high investment.\nGeneric drugs are considerably cheaper than their original variants. The companies producing them are not obliged to perform lengthy and especially costly toxicological and clinical studies that have been conducted in the development of the active ingredients in the original. By saving development costs, generic companies can provide alternative tablet replacements at much more suitable prices, with the same clinical effect.\nForget about erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and address these issues with tablets that may cost you four times the price of generic drugs.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.oxfordni.com/applications/single-molecule-fret", "date": "2018-10-20T07:00:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512592.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020055317-20181020080817-00387.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9226601719856262, "token_count": 504, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__158789107", "lang": "en", "text": "The Nanoimager is the world’s first commercial solution for wide-field single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) studies. FRET is a non-radiative energy transfer between two fluorophores that reports on their intermolecular distance. It operates on the 2-10 nm range. In smFRET studies a ‘donor’ fluorophore is excited by a laser, and depending on their proximity, transfers energy to a second ‘acceptor’ fluorophore. The excited acceptor then emits this energy as fluorescence. The donor and acceptor can be attached to the same or to separate molecules, and the energy transfer signature reports on the separation of the dyes. Any changes to this separation are detected as they happen, with millisecond resolution in time.\nsmFRET can measure intramolecular distances in a single protein or nucleic acid, or the specific interaction between subunits in a protein complex, in real time. Applications might include the effect of drugs on the conformational dynamics of enzyme binding sites, or the study of protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases. smFRET can be used to infer binding constants, reaction pathways and dwell time distributions at the stochastic single-molecule level, not obscured by ensemble averaging as in techniques such as fluorimetry or calorimetry.\nThe image at the top shows raw single-molecule data from a DNA Holliday junctions experiment. Holliday junctions are involved in homologous recombination and lead to genetic variation. In this experiment, individual Holliday junctions were labeled at two sites, and in the presence of magnesium ions they stochastically and dynamically changed conformation, leading to a change in the separation of the two fluorophores. This dynamic transition was detected by smFRET, and the FRET traces and associated intensity traces were plotted in real time using the Nanoimager software suite.\nKey features of the Nanoimager that highlight its suitability for smFRET include:\nALEX extends the potential of smFRET for understanding single molecules. The impact of photophysics and photobleaching on the fluorescence signal from a single molecule becomes fully characterized and decoupled from the FRET measurement. The stoichiometry and labeling properties of individual complexes or molecules are reported, allowing reaction kinetics to be determined even the absence of a FRET signal.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://m.detergentindia.com/levender-floor-cleaner-500-ml-7988226.html", "date": "2023-09-30T16:38:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510697.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930145921-20230930175921-00689.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8786320090293884, "token_count": 184, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__67968732", "lang": "en", "text": "Unique and specially formulated Sindhu Super Clean Floor cleaner is safe to use on all floorings like vinyl, epoxy, ceramics , marble, formica and wooden floors. The solution is PH neutral which makes it safe for the user and the surface cleaning effectively and leaving a fresh lavender fragrance. It also protects from fading and gives a shining appearance to the floor.\nHow to Use\nAdd the solution in water\nDip and squeeze mop and then clean floors for excellent results.\nCash Against Delivery (CAD), Letter of Credit (L/C), Letter of Credit at Sight (Sight L/C), Cash Advance (CA), Cash in Advance (CID)\n1 Per Week\nFree samples are available\nAustralia, North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Central America, Asia, Western Europe", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.lucida-ds.com/the-skin-s-key-antioxidant", "date": "2024-02-23T14:56:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474412.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223121413-20240223151413-00056.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9239115118980408, "token_count": 910, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__134447894", "lang": "en", "text": "L-Glutathione, The Skin’s Key Antioxidant: A Synopsis\nSource: Theodore Hersh, MD, MACG\nProfessor of Medicine, Emeritus, Emory University\nNo Copyright Infringement Intended\nTo retaliate against invaders, countries set up armies and other defensive measures. To retaliate against toxic chemicals called free radicals, the body has a well-developed antioxidant system.\nThe prime antioxidant is L-glutathione, known as GSH by the scientific community and this summary will introduce you to this remarkable molecule.\nWhat are free radicals? Free radicals are created during a cell’s normal metabolism, but countless more are produced from many other sources including inflammatory reactions and infectious conditions, environmental pollutants in the air we breathe, the tobacco we smoke and smoke inhaled from other smokers, as well as from chewing tobacco.\nFree radicals are also created from exposure to ultraviolet sunlight, artificial radiation, and radio therapy. These free radicals alter DNA, causing mutations that lead to cancers. Free radicals may cause premature cell death and are contributors to premature aging and more than 50 diseases including cardiovascular disease, bronchitis and emphysema, cancer of the skin, mouth, throat, esophagus and lung, immune disorders, arthritis, neurological disorders, AIDS and Alzheimer’s disease, to name but a few.\nWhat are antioxidants? Antioxidants scavenge and neutralize oxygen and other free radicals species to a less toxic or non-toxic compound. While the human body has built-in antixidant mechanisms to suppress uncontrolled free radicals, which may lead to cellular damage, these mechanisms may fail due to a combination of overwhelming production of free radicals or a depletion of critical compounds used by the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. An overabundance of free radicals in the body can lead to a condition known as “oxidative stress”, which causes cell death.\nWhat is L-glutathione? L-glutathione (GSH), the body’s prime antioxidant is composed of three amino acids, glycine, cysteine and glutamine. Glutathione is synthesized mainy in the liver and can be transported from the blood to most of the body’s cells. Glutathione plays a critical role in the aging process and in preventing the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation to the skin, a phenomenon known as photoaging. It helps the fight against wrinkles. The oxygen and other free radicals generated in the skin by the sun’s rays or by artificial lights as in tanning booths, also increase the skin’s damage and the risk of developing skin cancers, including malignant melanomas. GSH and its synergistic antioxidants in skin help protect against photoaging and lessen the occurrence of these malignancies. Sun protection with clothing, hats, sun glasses and sunscreens are paramount defenses. Cosmetics with antioxidants help restore the skin’s own defenses and combat free radicals generated by ultraviolet radiation.\nGSH levels inside the cells must be maintained in order to have healthy cells and a strong defense system. Cells die without adequate levels of glutathione. However, to provide its beneficial effect, GSH must work synergistically with the other cellular and tissue antioxidants including selenium and vitamins C and E. Much of glutathione is supplied from the diet, either as intact GSH or its component amino acids, particularly cysteine, from fruits, vegetables, liver, meats, fowl and fish. GSH protects against inhaled or ingested environmental pollutants and chemicals both in the respiratory tract and in the small intestine. GSH helps protect our lungs and also helps regulate immunologic function in the white blood cells called lymphocytes. Low GSH levels in lymphocytes allow easier replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus. Thus, the importance of maintaining GSH and its synergistic antioxidant partners.\nMuch is certain: GSH is the prime antioxidant in our body’s cells and fluids, and it works in concert with the other antioxidants to prevent or protect us from oxidative stress. GSH levels are decreased in the elderly, the sun lover, the tanning enthusiast, the smoker, the alcohol imbiber, the fatty foods glutton, among others. In this era of preventive medicine, L-glutathione plays a significant role in helping to maintain health and probably even youth!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bermudagas.com/safety-information/", "date": "2024-03-03T21:19:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476399.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303210414-20240304000414-00463.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9330567717552185, "token_count": 499, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__130268844", "lang": "en", "text": "It’s important to know how to turn your propane tank valves on and off as needed. On most Bermuda Gas valves, the hand wheel is turned clockwise several turns until tight to turn it off.\nWhile propane is odorless when it is created, an additional chemical is added to the gas in order to give it its recognizable scent. Familiarize yourself with this distinct smell in order to quickly identify a leak should one occur.\nIf there is a leak or another emergency, be sure to shut off the gas completely and call Bermuda emergency services on 298-6114.\nWater is damaging! The internal safety mechanism of your appliances can be affected by water and cause them to malfunction. If this is the case, call us at 295-3111, to have our technicians replace them immediately.\nSafety for your gas ranges\nCheck the color of the flame. If it is blue, your gas range is operating as it should. If the flame is yellow the air inlets may be clogged, or the burners may need adjusting.\nDo not cover the bottom of your oven with foil – it can restrict air circulation.\nAlways use your grill outdoors, in a well-ventilated area.\nAlways follow all of the manufacturer’s instructions and keep written materials and manuals in a safe, accessible place.\nMake sure the grill burner controls are turned off and keep the cylinder valve closed and disconnected when not in use.\nMake sure the gas grill is shut off and cool to the touch before covering your grill after use.\nStore cylinders upright at all times (in transport, storage and in use) and outdoors away from dryer and furnace vents or other sources of heat.\nAfter filling, take your cylinder home immediately. Keep the cylinder upright and your car ventilated. Do not leave the cylinder in your car.\nBefore lighting your propane gas grill burner, check all connections for tightness.\nNever use matches or lighters to check for leaks!\nIf there is a significant release of gas or a fire, call the Bermuda Fire Service immediately and move all people and pets away from the unit.\nDo not store the cylinder indoors or in an enclosed area.\nKeep appliances such as heaters and fire-logs clean! Lint and dirt need to be regularly removed to ensure safe and secure operation of your heating appliances.\nBermuda Gas is a Bermuda-based carrier of propane gas products…", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.indianachieversstory.com/asima-chatterjee-first-women-scientist-of-india/", "date": "2024-02-23T05:37:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474361.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223053503-20240223083503-00510.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9766658544540405, "token_count": 723, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__54377176", "lang": "en", "text": "Asima Chatterjee (née Mookerjee) was born on 23 September 1917 in Bengal. She was an Indian organic chemist and an astounding scientist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine. Her most notable work includes research on vinca alkaloids, the development of anti-epileptic drugs, and the development of anti-malarial drugs.\nAsima Chatterjee was the eldest of the two children of a medical doctor Indra Narayan Mukherjee and his wife, Kamala Devi. She grew up in Calcutta in a middle-class family. Her father was very interested in botany and Chatterjee shared in his interest. She graduated with honours in chemistry from the Scottish Church College of the University of Calcutta in 1936. Asima Chatterjee received a master’s degree (1938) and a doctoral degree (1944) in organic chemistry from the University of Calcutta. She was the first Indian woman to earn a doctorate in science. Her doctoral research focused on the chemistry of plant products and synthetic organic chemistry.\nShe joined the Lady Brabourne College of the University of Calcutta and founded the department of chemistry there. In the year 1954, Asima Chatterjee joined the University College of Science of the University of Calcutta, as a reader in pure chemistry.\nAsima Chatterjee has made many great achievements and contributions to science. She initiated a chemical investigation of alkaloids in Rauwolfia canescens, which is commonly known as the be still tree or devil-pepper. Growing as a bush or small tree. Investigated the chemistry of almost all principal types of indole alkaloids. She carried out synthetic studies on several complex indoles, quinoline and isoquinoline alkaloids. Developed procedures for the preparation of beta-phenylethanolamines in connection with alkaloid synthesis. Introduced the use of periodic acid as a reagent for the detection and location of both terminal and exocyclic double bonds in organic compounds. And has made many such contributions.\nAsima Chatterjee received many awards and recognitions in her life. She was a Premchand Roychand Scholar of the University of Calcutta. She was Khaira Professor of Chemistry from the year 1962 to 1982, one of the most prestigious and coveted chairs of the University of Calcutta. In the year 1972, she was appointed as the Honorary Coordinator of the Special Assistance Program to intensify teaching and research in natural product chemistry, sanctioned by the Indian University Grants Commission(UGC). She was elected a Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy in New Delhi. In the year 1961, she received the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in chemical science, becoming the first female who received this award. In the year 1975, she was granted the prestigious Padma Bhushan and became the first female scientist to be elected as the General President of the Indian Science Congress Association. She was granted the D. Sc. (honoris causa) degree by several universities.\nShe was nominated by the President of India as a Member of the Rajya Sabha.\nAsima Chatterjee proved to be a great inspiration. She contributed her knowledge for the betterment of society. When women in society were rarely encouraged for their career, she made her name in the field of science and became the first women scientist. She made India proud in the field of organic chemistry.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.kimptonacoustics.co.uk/category/uncategorised/", "date": "2024-02-25T02:49:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474573.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225003942-20240225033942-00225.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9624481201171875, "token_count": 590, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__114719215", "lang": "en", "text": "The Kimpton Acoustic Team have just completed the installation of a series of Acoustic Barriers within a large Bitumen production plant in the UK. The acoustic barriers were designed to reduce reflective noise from the machinery used in the production process and shield workers within the plant from potentially unsafe noise levels.\nThe acoustic barriers that you can see below in place have been designed to be removable for access to the workings of the machinery for servicing. They also needed to allow\nIt’s a potentially challenging problem, but one that was overcome with a well planned and executed design solution.\nPrior to the installation, the machinery was contained within skids, but offered no noise shielding. Increasingly machine noise reduction within production environments is something the Kimpton Acoustic Team are addressing under The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 (Noise Regulations 2005) which require employers to prevent or reduce risks to health and safety of their employees, from exposure to noise at work.\nBitumen has been used in the UK construction industry, since it was first used as a pavement material in around 1836. Since those early days, its uses have been extended to the roofing industry in many forms and for sealing and insulating applications elsewhere.\nIn the UK market, bitumen is predominantly produced through fractional distillation of crude oil. This is known as Refined Bitumen. In other markets, similar to tar, Crude Bitumen can be found occurring in nature within areas such as the ill named La Brea Tar Pits in LA or various Oil Sands found in the likes of Alberta, Canada.\nWithin the fractional distillation process, lighter fuels such as LPG and Petrol are removed at lower temperatures, leaving the heavier Bitumen to make up around 3-4% of the final product. During this process, it needs to be brought up to around 300 degrees Centigrade or more to separate the Bitumen product. The final Bitumen product as we know it is produced after one further distillation process within a vacuum distillation column.\nYou can see the full refining process in this diagram.\nBitumen is surprisingly one of the more environmentally friendly bi products of Petrol and Gas production. Not because it isn’t full of nasty carbon material, but by the fact that it isn’t burnt and therefore doesn’t produce any CO2 emissions. It’s also readily recyclable. Worldwide, as much as 70% of Bitumen is recycled.\nUnless it is kept at a temperature above 150 degrees Centigrade it forms into a solid wax like substance that is completely waterproof. It’s this property that has made it so useful in road construction.\nSo for us, it’s another step in our efforts to create safer, quieter industrial work environments. If you have a noise issue at work, the Kimpton Acoustic Team have a noise reduction solution.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://meaningfulmag.wordpress.com/2013/01/18/pulling-fuel-out-of-thin-air/", "date": "2018-06-25T00:27:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867304.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624234721-20180625014721-00110.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.955322802066803, "token_count": 214, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__144897297", "lang": "en", "text": "“We’ve taken carbon dioxide from air and hydrogen from water and turned these elements into petrol,” said Air Fuel Synthesis Chief Executive Peter Harrison. The process of separation involves combining the air with sodium hydroxide and passing it through an electrolyzer. A similar method is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The CO2 and hydrogen are then synthesized to make methanol, and eventually petrol.\nSound suspiciously too good to be true? There are problems. Namely with production scale and efficiency.\nHowever history repeatedly shows us that when the problem is a question of scale, innovation eventually finds the solution. The route from Kitty Hawk to the Concord was anything but direct, but commercial supersonic flights (and space tourism) are the direct descendants of the first flight.\nWe are looking forward to keeping an eye on this firm and their competition, which will also likely materialize out of thin air as well. And most important: how political dynamics will shift when the dependence of energy is no longer a regional issue.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://homecarewholesale.com/blogs/news/enhancing-home-health-with-ozone-technology-an-in-depth-look-at-recent-research", "date": "2024-04-15T05:43:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816942.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415045222-20240415075222-00794.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9022175669670105, "token_count": 638, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__118522509", "lang": "en", "text": "No Products in the Cart\nIn recent years, the importance of maintaining a clean and healthy living environment has become increasingly evident. The ongoing global pandemic has heightened our awareness of the need to eliminate harmful pathogens and chemical substances from our surroundings. One promising technology that has gained attention is ozone generation, which has been shown to effectively eliminate various pollutants and promote a healthier lifestyle. In this blog post, we will explore a recent scientific study published on PubMed and discuss how ozone generators, such as the one offered by Home Care Wholesale, can contribute to a cleaner and safer living environment.\nLinking the Research: The study in question, titled \"Assessment of Ozone as a Potential Tool for Indoor Chemicals Elimination,\" was published on PubMed, a reputable database for scientific publications. The study investigates the effectiveness of ozone in removing chemical substances from indoor environments. You can find the study by following this link: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37356308/]. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of using ozone generators to create a healthier living space.\nUnderstanding the Study: The research study delves into the impact of ozone on the elimination of chemical substances. It demonstrates that ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent, can break down and neutralize a wide range of chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, and other pollutants commonly found in indoor environments. This breakthrough research highlights the potential of ozone generators to improve air and water quality, ultimately contributing to a healthier life for individuals and families.\nIntroducing Home Care Wholesale's Ozone Generator: Home Care Wholesale recognizes the importance of providing individuals with access to effective tools for maintaining a healthy living environment. Their ozone generator, available at [https://homecarewholesale.com/collections/sanitizer-cleanser/products/ozone-generator-ozone-air-purifier-ozone-water-purifier?variant=32054841180254], offers a convenient solution for eliminating harmful substances from the air and water. By leveraging the power of ozone, their product can effectively neutralize odors, kill bacteria and viruses, and eliminate various chemical pollutants.\nBenefits of Ozone Generation: Ozone generators provide numerous benefits that can significantly improve the quality of your living space:\nConclusion: Maintaining a clean and healthy living environment is paramount to our overall well-being. The recent study discussed in this blog post emphasizes the potential of ozone generation in eliminating harmful chemical substances from indoor spaces. By utilizing ozone generators, such as the one offered by Home Care Wholesale, individuals can significantly enhance air and water quality while reducing exposure to hazardous pollutants. Visit [https://homecarewholesale.com/collections/sanitizer-cleanser/products/ozone-generator-ozone-air-purifier-ozone-water-purifier?variant=32054841180254] to learn more about how ozone technology can bring you one step closer to a healthier and safer life.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.savageservices.com/industries/chemical-processing/", "date": "2020-09-18T06:51:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400187354.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918061627-20200918091627-00380.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8880666494369507, "token_count": 184, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__42419285", "lang": "en", "text": "Savage understands chemical and petrochemical Customers. We have extensive experience handling plastics, corrosives, dilutions, flammables, combustibles, and many other dry and liquid bulk chemicals. We also handle a variety of unrefined, refined, and spent petrochemical products; plus olefins, aromatics, and synthetic gas mixtures.\nSavage is one of the most experienced chemical and petrochemical handlers in the country. We safely load or transload hundreds of thousands of railcars of chemical and petrochemical products annually. For example, we load or unload 40,000 railcars of polymers each year, and have broad polymer handling experience that includes:\n- Managing warehouses\n- Intermediate bulk container handling\n- Receiving, managing, and inserting additives into the chemical process\n- Loading 1-ton and half-ton super sacks\n- Loading 25-ton containers", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://timinvermont.com/fitness/fatmusle.htm", "date": "2023-04-01T19:32:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950247.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401191131-20230401221131-00674.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9473839998245239, "token_count": 1834, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__36049671", "lang": "en", "text": "Following is an article written by Tom McCullough MEd., MSS which appeared in National Bodybuilding and Fitness Magazine\nMany of us are under the false impression that it is possible to cut body fat while gaining muscle. Is this possible or is this just another gym myth? To arrive at an answer to this question, we need to know exactly what happens to cause fat to be mobilized from it's storage place in the adipose tissue.\nThe large stores of triglyceride within adipose tissue or fat are mobilized at relatively slow rates, even during exercise. In this process, exercise or a negative energy balance caused by caloric restriction, stimulates an enzyme hormone sensitive lipase, to dissolve the lipid or triglyceride molecule into three molecules of unbound or free fatty acids (FFA) and one glycerol molecule. This process of breaking down triglycerides is known as lipolysis. The glycerol released from this reaction is water soluble and diffuses freely into the blood. It's rate of appearance in the blood provides a direct measure of the amount of triglyceride hydrolyzed in the body.\nThe primary factor thought to be responsible for the stimulation of adipose tissue lipolysis during exercise or a negative energy balance is the increasing plasma concentration of epinephrine, which activates beta receptors in adipocytes (Arner et al. , 1990). Of course exercise greatly affects the mobilization of FFA in to the blood stream. During prolonged sub maximal exercise FFA oxidation is about 10 fold from a resting state and reesterification of FFA is also decreased.\nWhat happens when the intensity of the exercise is increased ->70& VO2 max-? Sure the oxidation rate of FFA increased but lactate production also increases. Lactate decreases the FFA mobilization rate and increases FFA reesterification rate. Carbohydrates then become an increasingly important source of fuel. However, during prolonged sub maximal exercise blood lactate levels are very low, thus not affecting FFA mobilization significantly. Thus, carbohydrates are used much less as a fuel and oxidated fats become the most abundant source of energy.\nWhen we cut the calories so as to create a negative energy balance are we still able to build muscle? Well, to answer this we must next understand that if our body does not have enough calories to meet the demands of exercise and basal metabolism it must start breaking down stores. Of course, as we have seen, fat stores are broken down to meet these energy demands. However, the body is not selective in its needs, it also breaks down protein and carbohydrate stores. During this period of negative energy, the body's insulin production also is much lower. Thus, the body releases glucagon and other glucocorticoids such as cortisol. These catabolic hormones quickly go to work by breaking down the whole body tissue and converting it into usable energy. So obviously, low insulin levels and high glucagon levels for long periods of time are not very conductive to building muscle. Thus, the longer we are in a negative energy balance, the more our body degrades protein to meet energy needs.\nMost of us are also mislead by the 'gym myth' that says by increasing dietary protein during a negative energy period, you will stop this protein degradation from ever taking place. Is this myth true? Our body has a choice of three places to get these reserves of amino acids needed for energy: 1) dietary protein; 2) tissue free amino acid pools; and 3) endogenous tissue protein (muscle). Unfortunately dietary protein is a relatively minor source of amino acids even when consumed in large amounts. So eating more protein when dropping weight will not slow this degradation process significantly.\nThe free amino acid pool is next best source of amino acids. However, it is also used quickly in a negative energy balance as it is only estimated to supply less than 1% of the metabolically active amino acids. The largest, most abundant supply of amino acids is from the endogenous protein breakdown. This simply means that the majority of the amino acid broken down for energy, due to a negative energy balance, comes from the breakdown of muscle.\nBy increasing the dietary protein intake, we may minimize the loss of lean tissue, but not completely stop it. However, it is widely accepted that the larger the energy deficit the more the body must utilize its stores of energy. So slow weight loses are perhaps the best. We lose much less muscle that way.\nWhat are the causes of protein degradation? Of course, as described, the decreased energy state of the cell due to either a negative energy balance created by caloric restriction or a negative energy balance created by exercise is the most obvious cause. Also the rise in glucocorticoids, reduced dietary protein, and the decreased infusion of leucine cause higher rates of protein degradation.\nOnce again, it is obvious that calories are most important. So will doing resistance exercise while cutting body fat stop lean body mass loses? NO! Exercise decreases protein synthesis and it also increases protein degradation. Exercise also stimulates growth hormone production as well as other anabolic hormones which combined with calories (ie. amino acids) result in stimulation of protein synthesis and a decrease in protein degradation. However, if there is not enough energy to the cell, as in enough calories, protein synthesis is slowed or stopped and degradation rates are increased. So exercise might well help to protect or slow degradation, by causing increases in synthesis afterwards. However, it doesn't stop degradation in periods of negative energy, because rates of protein synthesis are very dependent on caloric intake and, once again, energy to the cell.\nWhat about eating these new low carbohydrate diets? Newsholme, E.A., et al. (1983), as well as many others, reported that decreased availability of total carbohydrate sources, also result in a decrease in FFA oxidation. Low carbohydrate availability impairs high rates of aerobic energy production because the shift to fats as the predominant fuel leads to either a reduction in the rate of acetyl-CoA units or an inability to maintain an adequate level of Krebs cycle intermediates. Not only is FFA oxidation reduced, but it seems that plasma FFA mobilization is remarkably sensitive to even small increases in plasma insulin (Jensen et al., 1989), and it seems that lipolysis is influenced for a long time after eating carbohydrate (Montain et al., 1991).\nDiets that are lower in carbohydrate or that contain carbohydrates that cause less insulin secretion (low glycemic foods), probably still elicit enough of an insulin response to reduce plasma FFA mobilization. Therefore, any commercially available product or diet that claims to increase FFA mobilization and oxidation would have to almost totally eliminate the insulin response to the carbohydrate in their product, which seems unlikely. At any rate, any increased FFA mobilization would certainly not seem to be of any value for untrained people because their mobilization of FFA normally exceeds the ability of the muscles to oxidize FFA.\nSo is it possible to gain mass while cutting fat and losing weight? No! If you want to lose body fat you are going to have to face the fact that you will lose some muscle in the process. It is possible to lose fat and minimize muscle loses by increasing dietary protein consumption and by avoiding severe negative energy balances through either exercise or caloric restriction or the combination of the two. So slow weight loses (~1lb/wk) are best. Another way to minimize protein loses is by increasing protein synthesis by taking advantage of induced post-exercise insulin rebound. Within two hours post-exercise there is a time frame where protein synthesis can be greatly stimulated. The consumption of simple carbohydrates and amino acids during this time period increases the body's insulin production and forces nutrients (amino acids) in to the cell at a much quicker rate. So take advantage of this time!\nWhat can we do to increase FFA oxidation? Well, sub-maximal aerobic exercise seems to be the best method. This intensity causes the rise in the hormones epinephrine, norepinephrine, and growth hormone inhibit the release of insulin from the pancreas. This hormonal environment enhances liver glucose output and promotes greater fat utilization.\nIn summary, it's the caloric deficit resulting from the exercise session that best helps promote body fat loss. A gradual loss of body fat comes from burning more calories during exercise than you take in at the table, not from some special dietary ratio. Since aerobic training already creates a metabolic environment advantageous for fat metabolism, the best way to increase the body's fat-burning proficiency is to start doing exercise . Keep pumping the weight! But expect to lose some muscle in the process.\nElite powerlifter Tom McCullough MEd.,MSS of Excel Sport Nutrition, Inc., specializes in strength and conditioning for sport, sport nutrition, weight loss, and personal fitness, and is a consultant for the International Sport Sciences Association, a national certification agency for strength coaches and personal trainers, and also works as a full-time physical education instructor and football coach. Info: firstname.lastname@example.org", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.miamibeachlaserandaesthetics.com/products/alastin-skincare/", "date": "2019-09-15T20:20:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572289.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915195146-20190915221146-00517.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8787030577659607, "token_count": 269, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__126526120", "lang": "en", "text": "ALASTIN Skincare® formulates products with TriHex Technology, a proprietary blend of active peptides and botanicals specifically engineered to work with the skin to clear out old collagen and elastin proteins that have been damaged by sun exposure and aging, while supporting the skin’s natural ability to produce new collagen and elastin.\nRestorative Eye Treatment with TriHex Technology®\nDelivers unique benefits to the delicate eye area which are essential for a rejuvenated appearance.\n- Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles around the eye\n- Diminishes the appearance of puffiness around the eye\n- Helps improve appearance of skin firmness around the eye\n- Promotes even skin tone and helps reduce appearance of dark circles\nHydraTint Pro Mineral Broad Spectrum Sunscreen SPF 36\nA lightweight, all physical, broad-spectrum sunscreen that provides powerful daily protection from damaging UVA/UVB rays. The formulation is rich in antioxidants that shield against pollution- induced damage and improve skin hydration, while adding a natural hint of tint, compatible with all skin types.\n- All physical, lightweight formulation\n- Broad Spectrum UVA/UVB sun protection\n- Environmental pollution protection\n- Universal tint enhances most skin tones\n- Oil-Free, PABA free", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dentalreview.news/practice-management/2528-continu-from-nuview-the-all-in-one-solution", "date": "2018-06-19T18:03:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863109.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619173519-20180619193519-00242.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9285848736763, "token_count": 249, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__186394688", "lang": "en", "text": "For a surface decontamination solution that thoroughly cleans surfaces as well as delivering fast, effective and long lasting disinfection, choose the Continu 2 in 1 Cleaner and Disinfectant from Nuview.\nHTM 01-05 states that, “If there is obvious blood contamination, the presence of protein will compromise the efficacy of alcohol based wipes,” so using the Continu 2 in 1 Cleaner and Disinfectant, which is alcohol free, minimises this risk.\nFurthermore, because the Continu 2 in 1 solution is water-based, it delivers a non-corrosive cleaning and disinfection process that is gentle on surfaces or equipment.\nThe products are both HTM 01-05 compliant and CE marked under the Medical Devices Directive. They have also been proven to combat Bacteria, Fungi and Viruses in independent EN testing, providing reassurance that the solution meets all relevant standards.\nTo provide the best choice for your Practice, the 2 in 1 solution is available either as a 750ml trigger spray or in the form of impregnated wipes with a refill option.\nTo find out more about the surface Cleaner and Disinfectant that does it all, contact Nuview.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://aabcchemdry.com/services/pet-odor-removal", "date": "2024-02-29T10:49:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474808.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229103115-20240229133115-00279.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9023223519325256, "token_count": 662, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__6108496", "lang": "en", "text": "Pet Urine and Odor Removal in DFW\nWe love our pets and we know you do, too! At A-abc Chem-Dry, we are proud to offer Dallas & Fort Worth's most effective process to handle pet accidents. Our Pet Urine Removal Treatment (P.U.R.T.) doesn't use perfumes to mask the smell, like some other products and services do. We eliminate the odor at the source, by exploding the urine crystals that cause the odors, so the smell is gone for good.\nWhy A-abc Chem-Dry Pet Odor Removal Services?\nAbout Our Pet Carpet Cleaning and Odor Removal Service\nOur revolutionary pet carpet cleaning process is called Pet Urine Removal Treatment (P.U.R.T.®). It attacks odors at their source - deep in carpet fibers. Other methods can’t do this and typically only mask odors with perfumes. P.U.R.T. causes a chemical reaction that destroys the urine crystals and eliminates the odors for good.\nProven Cleaning for Pet Stains and Urine Odors\nAn independent laboratory conducted multiple tests of our Pet Urine Removal Treatment to determine its impact on pet urine odors.\nIn tests against the most common odor sources found in cat and dog urine, the study determined that P.U.R.T. removes an average of 99.9% of pet urine odors from carpets*.\nThese results definitively show that our P.U.R.T. process is much more efficient than store-bought cleaners and processes used by other pet carpet cleaning services.\nEliminate Pet Urine Odors\nDealing with pet accidents that you see is difficult, but what about those you may not be aware of until the smell hits? Our trained technicians use a special UV light to detect all pet urine accidents in your house, even those you might not have noticed.\nIf not treated properly when they happen, pet urine can soak your carpet fibers, backing, padding, and even the subfloor. As the urine dries, the liquid will evaporate, but the urine crystals left behind will become even more concentrated and pungent.\nSimple cleaning and DIY methods won’t be able to remove this odor. The Chem-Dry P.U.R.T. process attacks these odors at the source, causing a chemical reaction that breaks down all of the odor-causing matter in the 24 to 36 hours following application. P.U.R.T. is a pet odor cleaning method you can count on!\nWe offer our P.U.R.T. service to everyone in our area. Our professionally trained technicians will take care to inspect your home, identify any issues you may have, and provide a free, no-obligation quote.\nContact us today!\nSchedule a Free P.U.R.T. Home Inspection Today!\nContact us to schedule a free, in-home inspection for our P.U.R.T. process. We'll conduct a detailed review of your home, provide you with a no-obligation quote and begin the cleaning process at your convenience.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.isecoeco.org/3rd-water-research-conference-call-for-abstracts/", "date": "2023-02-03T03:47:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500042.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203024018-20230203054018-00668.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9109362363815308, "token_count": 318, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__221849057", "lang": "en", "text": "3rd Water Research Conference\n11-14 January 2015, Shenzhen, China\nThe 3rd Water Research Conference aims to present results of state-of-the-art exploration in water/wastewater treatment and discuss conceptually novel ideas that are necessary to develop well-tuned energy- and resource-efficient treatment technologies designed to remove a wide range of known and emerging pollutants and/or to recover increasingly limited and valuable resources like chemicals, nutrients, energy and water itself.\nAs such, the conference will provide a unique opportunity for the presentation of results of cutting-edge exploratory activities, associated technological applications and, most importantly, extensive exchange of ideas that will ultimately lead to a shared understanding of most promising and critically important directions of future research concerned with the improvement of water quality and the recovery of resources on local and global scales.\nThe program will be particularly focused on water treatment approaches that utilise highly efficient processes, for instance those of catalytic nature or involving interfacial interactions and other microscopic level controls of transformation of pollutants in engineered systems. Specific challenges on recovering resources from water/wastewater, especially water reuse, nutrient/energy/chemicals recovery will be addressed.\nCall for Abstracts\nSubmit abstracts by 1 August 2014\nAbstracts for oral and poster presentations are invited on the conference topics and should be submitted using the online abstract submission system.\nThe conference will address two main topics:\n- Catalytic processes and new materials and technologies in water/wastewater treatment\n- Water reuse and product recovery from water/wastewater treatment", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.primeserviceprovider.com/stretching-the-boundaries-the-role-of-pe-in-revolutionizing-flexible-packaging-solutions.html", "date": "2024-04-24T02:53:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818999.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424014618-20240424044618-00652.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9160973429679871, "token_count": 716, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__107766919", "lang": "en", "text": "The versatility and innovation in the packaging industry have taken a significant leap forward with the advent of polyethylene (PE) in creating flexible packaging solutions. As the demand for durable, lightweight, and cost-effective packaging continues to grow, PE flexible packaging stands out for its remarkable ability to meet these needs while also offering enhanced sustainability benefits.\nUnwrapping PE: A Material of Choice\nThe Essentials of PE Flexible Packaging\nPolyethylene’s unique properties make it an ideal candidate for flexible packaging. Known for its strength, flexibility, and adaptability, PE can be tailored to various thicknesses and densities, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. From food packaging to medical supplies, PE flexible packaging offers protection and convenience, all while reducing material use and transportation costs due to its lightweight nature.\nSustainability and PE: A Greener Future\nPE’s role in sustainable packaging solutions is increasingly recognized. Its lower carbon footprint compared to traditional packaging materials, coupled with its recyclability, positions PE as a frontrunner in the push towards more environmentally friendly packaging options. Efforts to enhance PE recycling processes further underscore the material’s commitment to sustainability.\nThe Innovation Spectrum: PE’s Versatility Unleashed\nAdvancements in Barrier Technologies\nInnovation in PE-based materials includes the development of high-barrier films that effectively protect against moisture, oxygen, and other external elements. These advancements extend the shelf life of products, particularly in the food and beverage sector, thereby reducing waste and enhancing consumer satisfaction.\nCustomization and Design Flexibility\nPE flexible packaging offers unmatched design flexibility, allowing for customization in shapes, sizes, and functionalities. This adaptability not only meets specific product requirements but also provides opportunities for branding and consumer engagement through eye-catching and informative packaging designs.\nEnhancing User Experience\nConvenience and Usability\nThe convenience of PE flexible packaging, evidenced in features like resealability and easy-open mechanisms, significantly enhances the user experience. This focus on functionality ensures that packaging is not just protective but also user-friendly, addressing consumers’ needs for convenience and efficiency.\nSafety and Compliance\nPE materials are manufactured with safety and compliance at the forefront, particularly for applications in food packaging and pharmaceuticals. Meeting strict regulatory standards, PE ensures that products are safely protected, maintaining their integrity from production to consumption.\nThe Future Is Flexible\nPioneering Biodegradable and Bio-based PE\nResearch and development efforts are increasingly directed towards producing biodegradable and bio-based PE alternatives. These innovations aim to retain the material’s beneficial properties while improving its environmental footprint, signaling a promising direction for the future of flexible packaging.\nThe Circular Economy and PE\nThe integration of PE into the circular economy is facilitated through initiatives that promote recycling and reuse. By designing for recyclability and supporting infrastructure improvements, the packaging industry is working towards a model where PE flexible packaging not only serves immediate packaging needs but also contributes to long-term sustainability goals.\nEmbracing PE in flexible packaging solutions represents a significant step forward in balancing functionality with environmental responsibility. As innovations continue to unfold, the focus on sustainability, consumer satisfaction, and regulatory compliance ensures that PE remains at the forefront of the packaging industry’s evolution. The transformative impact of PE on flexible packaging is clear, offering a glimpse into a future where packaging solutions are not just about protection and presentation but also about contributing positively to our planet’s well-being.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.ccr1978.cn/date/2019/11", "date": "2020-08-09T20:35:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738573.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809192123-20200809222123-00209.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8999377489089966, "token_count": 1446, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__189007365", "lang": "en", "text": "Pay attention to the poisonous serum of Chinese patent medicine\nIt is generally believed that Chinese patent medicines have fewer side effects, are safe to take, and sometimes they are not taken according to the doctor’s advice. This practice is extremely detrimental to health.\nSome proprietary Chinese medicines contain potent and toxic ingredients, and some contain western medicine ingredients.\nThese Chinese medicines have certain damage to the human body, and accidentally may cause adverse reactions or drug-induced diseases.\nFor example, a proprietary Chinese medicine for treating diabetes contains glibenclamide; a cough-relieving Chinese medicine contains ephedrine, ammonium chloride, and clenbuterol; the digestive system contains atropine, procaine, and sucralfate.Etc.; Chinese medicine for depressurization contains hydrochlorothiazide, clonidine hydrochloride and the like.\nAlthough the content of western medicine contained in proprietary Chinese medicines is generally reduced, if the patient exceeds the dosage, the risk will be greatly increased, and even serious cases may be life-threatening.\nWhen using proprietary Chinese medicines, the efficacy of single-flavor Chinese medicine or western medicine is more reliable, and it is generally recommended to avoid mixing medicine.\nIf the drug must be mixed, the drug composition should be clarified and the risk of repeated drug use should occur.\nIn general, good safety is one of the advantages of proprietary Chinese medicines.\nThe Chinese medicinal materials used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicines are mostly natural medicines, but they are still toxic substitutes. It can be said that there is no non-toxic alternative to proprietary Chinese medicines.\n“Shen Nong tastes the herb, and encounters seventy poisons in one day.” In the process of searching for and identifying food, ancient people accidentally ate some poisonous herbs. After the toxic reaction, they cured some diseases, so they found out.traditional Chinese medicine.\nToxicity is a basic attribute of traditional Chinese medicine, but toxicity is not equal to poison. The key is how to apply it correctly.\nIn order to avoid the occurrence of toxic side effects, the first thing to do is to comply with the drug certificate.\nIn the ancient book “Medical Statement”: “Where a doctor uses medicine, it must be certified first, and the certification must be examined first.\nThe trial is clear, the certification is true; the certification is true, and the medicine is used.\n“The diagnosis is unknown, the drug certificate does not match, the “heat syndrome” uses “hot medicine”, the “cold certificate” uses “cold medicine”, which is tantamount to refueling on the fire and aggravating the condition.\nMust understand the main ingredients of Chinese patent medicines, usage, dosage, compatibility and so on.\nThe book “Poisonous Chinese Herbal Medicine” records 487 kinds of toxic Chinese herbal medicines, among which 22 kinds of extremely poisonous drugs with a lethal dose of less than 1 gram, the therapeutic amount is close to the amount of poisoning, and 50 kinds of large poisons which can cause serious consequences are used excessively.\nThere are 28 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines used in the Regulations on the Administration of Toxic Drugs for Medical Use issued by the State Council.\nFor example, a proprietary Chinese medicine containing Chinese herbal medicine, Huang Yaozi, has obvious hepatotoxicity. Excessive or long-term application can cause liver damage; Chinese patent medicines containing Mutong, Guangfang, and Aristolochia have obvious aristolochic acid.Nephrotoxicity, improper use can lead to kidney damage; Chinese medicines containing glutinous rice, improper use can lead to heart damage and arrhythmia; Chinese medicine containing Strychnos, excessive use can cause nervous system damage.\nExternal proprietary Chinese medicines generally avoid oral administration.\nSometimes in order to improve the curative effect, a variety of proprietary Chinese medicines may be used in combination, and it is possible to reuse some of them, and the conversion dose is increased. If it is a toxic medicine or a medicinal medicinal taste, toxic anisotropy is likely to occur.\nIt is also possible that there is a contraindication between different proprietary Chinese medicines, such as Fuzi Lizhong Pill and Jinshang Shenqi Pill, because both Chinese patent medicines contain aconite (the main ingredient aconitine), which may cause toxic side effects.\nFor example, if a proprietary Chinese medicine containing aconite is used in combination with a Chinese patent medicine containing Fritillaria and Pinellia to treat cough, there will be incompatibility contraindications (“18 anti-Chinese wolfberry, anti-Pinus, Fritillaria”).\nFinally, we must pay attention to “the disease is only a stop”, can not be taken for a long time.\nSome Chinese medicines are less toxic, but they can be used for long-term use to accumulate poisoning.\nIn order to avoid the side effects of proprietary Chinese medicines, doctors should not only fully grasp the basic knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine’s taste, function, usage and dosage, toxicity, compatibility and other aspects, but also be familiar with the modern pharmacological knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine and understand the main ingredients of each traditional Chinese medicine., metabolism in the body, side effects and so on.\nAs a patient, you should not buy medicines without permission. You must purchase medicines under the guidance of a doctor.\nRemember to take taboo diet taboos that are usually called taboos.\nIn the ancient literature, Changshan Boss, Shouwu, Dihuang Boss, garlic, radish, peppermint, jealous vinegar, honey and raw onions are recorded.\nThis means that when taking a proprietary Chinese medicine containing the above Chinese herbal medicines, it is not allowed to eat certain foods.\nIn addition, during the medication, should not eat cold, not easy to digest and irritating food.\nPregnancy contraindications Some Chinese medicines have a damaging effect on the fetus. According to the different degrees of damage to the damage, the medicine can be divided into two categories.\nMost of the traditional Chinese medicines containing high concentrations of toxicity or medicinal properties, such as musk scent, scorpion, scorpion, croton, etc.; most of the cautions contain some blood circulation, diarrhea and stagnation drugs, such as peach kernel,Safflower, rhubarb, medlar, aconite, dried ginger, etc.\nAbsolutely absolutely impossible to use, discretion should be used as appropriate, but should be avoided to prevent accidents.\nAlso pay attention to the special contraindications commonly found in drug instructions, such as Chinese patent medicine containing ephedra, glaucoma supplement, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, prostatic hypertrophy patients with caution.\nCompound Wuji Capsules stipulates that “the use of dampness and other evidence is used with caution”.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fryface.com/taxonomy/term/1593", "date": "2019-02-21T20:21:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247508363.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221193026-20190221215026-00069.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.967402994632721, "token_count": 135, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__108796789", "lang": "en", "text": "Lanolin is an ointment like material isolated from sheep wool. Actually, it is produced by the sebaceous gland of the sheep. Lanolin can be seperated into a liquid oil or a solid wax form. If heated, a mixture of organic lanolin acids and lanolin alcohols can be produced.\nThese lanolin derivatives are frequently found in skincare products as they impart a smooth soft feel to the skin and act as conditioning agents in hair products. They are lubricants. In addition, lanolin helps the water and oil phases of skincare products to blend. So they also act as emulsifiers.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ecomineral.cz/en/about/", "date": "2024-03-02T06:52:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475757.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302052634-20240302082634-00513.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9118295907974243, "token_count": 250, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__119298467", "lang": "en", "text": "Dear business partners,\nWelcome to the webpages of Ecomineral, a company established as an outcome of your long-term cooperation with the Italian company Kerakoll.\nKerakoll develops original systems and products based on actual market demand for environmentally friendly construction materials in its GreenLab futuristic research centre. Kerakoll’s production program offers a unique range of products focused on improving the health conditions and the quality of life.\nKerakoll’s products we deliver to the Czech market are environmentally friendly and gentle to the processors’ and users’ health, and delivery significant economic benefits of up to 40% in energy savings, increase in the value of properties, etc.\nWith more than 25 years of experience in the field and owing to our long-term and close cooperation with Kerakoll – the world leader in solutions for GreenBuilding, we offer the best of the world’s production of hygienic products free of chemical additions. A satisfied customer is our sole aim. This is why we decided to supply premium quality materials and systems focusing on health, economic benefits, affordability and design to the market.\nPavel Jarolím – Company Executive of Ecomineral", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.sensor-technology.com.br/thermocouplesensors", "date": "2021-06-24T06:42:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488551052.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624045834-20210624075834-00250.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8883833289146423, "token_count": 818, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__164255431", "lang": "en", "text": "Sensor Technology is a key supplier of materials for the production of temperature sensors using noble metal thermocouples.\nOur technical team is available to support our customers with wire specifications and thermocouple types according to the needs of each application.\nIn addition to the most commonly used wire diameters in the market, Sensor Technology also supplies other diameters on demand, which are more suitable for each application.\nThe thermocouple type temperature sensors consist of two different wires (different metals and/or alloys) which, joined at one of their ends, produce an electric voltage. This electric voltage is directly related to the temperature, that is, at each temperature variation at the junction of one of the extremities, the electric voltage will present a proportional variation, thus making its measurement possible.\nFor there to be electrical voltage and therefore measurement, the joining of two metals of known properties should occur in the following way:\nOne of the two ends of the two distinct joined wires are inserted into the environment to be measured (measurement junction or \"hot joint\"), while the other two ends are inserted into an environment with a known and controlled temperature (reference junction or \"cold joint\").\nThermocouples are divided into two groups:\n- Basic Thermocouples (T,J,E,K): They are so called the thermocouples of greater general use in industry, because the wires are relatively low cost and its application admits a higher error limit.\n- Noble thermocouples (S,R,B): They are those in which the pairs of wires are made up of a pair of noble metal wires such as platinum and rhodium. They are expensive and require high sensitivity receiving instruments, but present a very high accuracy, given the homogeneity and purity of the wires.\nSensor Technology is specialized in solutions for Noble Thermocouples, being able to provide products with the most diverse applications and specifications.\nTypes of thermocouples and their characteristics\nAlloy: (+) Platinum 90% Rhodium 10% / (-) Platinum 100%\n• Temperature range: 0°C to 1480°C.\n• Electromotive Force (FEM) produced: 0 to 15.336mV.\n• Average thermoelectric power: 1.04mV / 100°C.\nApplication: oxidizing or inert atmospheres. Not indicated for vacuum applications and atmospheres with metallic vapors. Also used as a standard in the calibration of other thermocouples.\n- Alloy: (+) Platinum 87% Rhodium 13% / (-) Platinum 100%\n• Usage range: 0 to 1480°C.\n• Electromotive Force (FEM) produced: 0 to 17.163mV.\n• Average thermoelectric power: 1.16mV / 100°C.\nApplication: oxidizing or inert atmospheres. Not indicated for applications in vacuum and atmospheres with metallic vapors.\n- Alloy: (+) Platinum 70% Rhodium 30% / (-) Platinum 94% Rhodium 6%\n• Usage range: 870 to 1705°C.\n• Electromotive Force (FEM) produced: 3.708 to 12.485mV.\n• Average thermoelectric power: 1.05mV / 100°C.\nApplication: Oxidizing or inert atmospheres. Not indicated for applications in vacuum and atmospheres with metallic vapors. Type of thermocouple more stable and robust than the \"S\" and \"R\" types at high temperatures.\nThe quality policy of Sensor Technology aims to increase its participation in the world market of platinum temperature sensors, offering the best solutions in care and products, through:\nprompt service to its customers;\nthe continuous generation of profit to its shareholders;\nreduction of costs;\ncontinuous improvement of their processes;\nthe use of raw materials from qualified suppliers;\nrecognition and development of its employees.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ihealthmama.com/fulvic-acid-benefits-side-effects/", "date": "2024-04-20T14:24:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00283.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9313381314277649, "token_count": 1503, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__94632387", "lang": "en", "text": "What is Fulvic Acid?\nFulvic acid is an acid that occur naturally and is found in humus, a decomposed material on the surface of the earth. It is difficult to obtain fulvic acid from a healthy diet1, 3.\nFulvic acid acts as a vehicle that transports vitamins and other nutrients to their right places in the body. One molecule of fulvic acid is capable of carrying at least 60 minerals and traces the elements to their cells.\nHealth Benefits of Fulvic Acid\nFulvic acid can offer numerous health benefits such as1, 2, 4, 5:\nIt protects and repairs damaged skin\nThere is evidence that fulvic acid can protect your skin and cure wounds or itching caused by insect bites and rashes linked with microorganisms. Studies have also shown that fulvic acid is able to relieve symptoms of eczema.\nEczema is a term that describes medical conditions that cause your skin to become inflamed. Atopic eczema is one of the common forms of eczema. Atopic are diseases that are inherited and can develop other allergic conditions such as asthma. The symptoms of eczema include itchiness in the skin and rashes. The rash can form on your hands, feet and at the backside of the knees.\nFulvic acid has been used for a long time to treat skin rashes from spider bites, viral infection and athlete foot. Fulvic acid boosts your body’s immunity against infections.\nIt boosts energy level\nFulvic acid has trace minerals, electrolytes and vital nutrients that help people improve their energy levels. Many studies have documented that fulvic aid helps energize the body’s biological process; it assists the body cells remain active when constrained by stress, unhealthy diet and oxidative damage. An electrolyte dissolves in water and is used to conduct electrical currents hence assisting cells to function when they are damaged.\nFulvic acid supplements and its derivatives have been found to improve physiological energy.\nIt helps reduce damage to free radicals\nEvery individual has free radicals in the body which help fight pathogen, control hormones and supply energy in the body. Excess radicals in the body can be dangerous since they accelerate aging process. Damage to free radicals result from our exposure to environmental pollutants, consuming insufficient nutrients, smoking and exposure to excess ultraviolet radiations. Another cause is consuming processed foods that have chemicals that may damage the free radicals.\nFulvic acid has antioxidant properties that help to neutralize the effects of free radicals. The acid also helps to detoxify the body of harmful substances that promote aging. These toxic substances include the following: radioactive wastes, heavy metals and chemicals used in agricultural activities. Fulvic acid assists to increase the life of the cells and make them more permeable by supplying them with electrolytes.\nIt enhances detoxification\nFulvic acid is useful in digestion and boosts energy due its detoxifying abilities. Fulvic acid is able to bind and break down harmful substances such as metals that enter the body through water, food, air pollution and medications.\nIn the environment, fulvic acid is found in ocean, lakes, streams, rivers, soil and rocks. Fulvic acid form complexes with ions found in the environment which creates firm colloid binds that help filter water and detoxify toxic substances.\nFulvic acid has phenolates and carboxylate which make it act like natural chelators. This implies that it will form natural chemical complexes that are capable of controlling availability of metals ions such as copper, calcium, iron, and magnesium in the environment and human body.\nSeveral studies have shown that fulvic acid have ion selective electrodes that can attract heavy metals and help filter soil and water. They do this by binding to metals such as copper and iron.\nIt supports Cognitive health\nFulvic acid contains nutraceutical and antioxidant properties that can help prevent cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that damages your memory and other vital mental functions. In this disease, your brain cells degenerate and eventually die.\nNormally brain cells rely on internal support and transport system to move nutrients and other vital materials all over their additional structures. The transport system needs a protein called tau to perform this function properly.\nIn case of Alzheimer’s disease, tau protein threads entwine into unusual tangles in the brain cells. This leads to the failure of the transport system which causes reduction and death of brain cells. Damage to free radicals which supply energy and fight pathogens in the body can also cause cognitive disorders.\nThe use of fulvic acid can reduce the length of tau proteins fibrils and their morphology and halt Alzheimer’s disease from progressing.\nIt enhances digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body\nHaving sufficient electrolytes and trace minerals are vital in proper metabolic function, assimilation of nutrients and the health digestion. Fulvic acid contains organisms although in fewer doses that promote improvement in the population of good bacteria in your digestive system. This helps lower digestion problems like constipation.\nTaking fulvic acid supplements helps to reinstate your body’s pH. This prevents an acidic environment from being formed in the body which enables fulvic acid to prevent illness from developing and enhances immunity against harmful bacteria, virus and fungus.\nFulvic acid transports nutrients and minerals to the cells and facilitates their absorption by making the cells more permeable. It also relieves inflammation in your digestion system making it easy for nutrients to be absorbed.\nFulvic acid can be taken in the following ways1, 2:\nFulvic acid come as liquid extracts and you are supposed to take around 12 drops at a time with 16-20 ounces of filtered water. Avoid using fulvic acid with chlorinated or tap water because chlorine reacts with fulvic acid and may cause health complications.\nWhen you are using fulvic acid, take it at the time you are eating since it helps counteract and detoxify harmful substances such as pesticides found in food. You can take one before meals or one hour after so as to boost detoxification ability.\nThere are numerous fulvic acid supplements available but the most known is shilajit. It has been used for a long time and many research studies recommend it.\nStudies have shown that fulvic acid is not harmful to many people. It can cause side effects when you take too much of it. There is no research done to demonstrate its effects in pregnant women. Avoid fulvic acid if you are pregnant and breastfeeding.\nPeople with immune disorders such as arthritis or multiple sclerosis should not use fulvic acid unless under the supervision of a qualified health professional.\n- Fulvic acid. https://draxe.com/fulvic-acid/\n- Fulvic acid. Available at https://www.victoriahealth.com/editorial/fulvic-acid-the-elixir-of-life", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.staticjam.com/blogs/in-the-press/staticjams-key-anti-frizz-ingredients", "date": "2024-02-22T23:38:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473871.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222225655-20240223015655-00588.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9288274645805359, "token_count": 671, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__175045932", "lang": "en", "text": "In a world where ingredients are now at the forefront of our minds. At Static Jam, we are committed to crafting products that go beyond the surface, rooted in a deep understanding of the science behind hair health and frizz-free perfection. Let's take a look, ingredient by ingredient.\nWheat Protein Wonders\nWheat protein, a key ingredient in Static Jam's formulations, is loved for its ability to strengthen hair strands. Comprising amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, wheat protein works to repair damaged hair, restoring its natural strength and vitality. It forms a protective barrier around the hair shaft, reducing moisture loss and imparting a lasting shine. By nourishing the hair from within, wheat protein ensures that each strand is fortified, resilient, and free from the frizz that often accompanies weakened dehydrated hair.\nVegetable Keratin: The Natural Elixir\nStatic Jam's infusion of vegetable keratin takes inspiration from nature's own remedy for hair repair and protection. Derived from plant sources, this natural elixir mimics the structure of human hair keratin, ensuring compatibility and absorption. Vegetable keratin works wonders by filling in gaps and fissures along the hair shaft, smoothing the cuticle and preventing frizz-inducing factors from penetrating. The result is a silky, sleek finish that withstands the challenges posed by environmental stressors, leaving hair not only repaired but also shielded against future damage.\nCleansing Agents: A Sulphate-Free Symphony\nStatic Jam's decision to not include sulfates from its formulations allows for the balance required for effective cleansing without compromising hair health. Sulfates, commonly found in many shampoos, are powerful detergents that can strip the hair of its natural oils, leading to dryness and frizz. By opting for a sulfate-free approach, Static Jam ensures a symphony of cleanliness that gently removes impurities while preserving the hair's essential oils. This balance allows for a thorough cleanse without the harsh aftermath, leaving hair clean, moisturised, and naturally frizz-resistant.\npH Balancing Act: Harmonizing Your Hair\nMaintaining the optimal pH balance is crucial to Static Jam's frizz-free formula. The pH scale measures acidity or alkalinity, and the natural pH of hair is slightly acidic. Traditional hair care products can disrupt this balance, leading to frizz and dullness. Static Jam's commitment to pH balancing ensures that its products maintain the hair's natural acidity, sealing the cuticle and preventing moisture loss. This harmonious approach not only fights frizz but also promotes a healthy scalp environment, laying the foundation for consistently sleek and manageable hair.\nEssential Ingredients for Frizz-Free Success\nStatic Jam's pledge to be sulfate and paraben-free is grounded in the recognition of the potential harm these additives can inflict on hair health. Sulfates are known for their harsh cleansing power. Parabens, commonly used as preservatives, have been associated with potential health concerns. By removing these additives, Static Jam ensures that its products prioritize the long-term health and resilience of the hair, promoting a frizz-free texture that is nurtured rather than compromised.\nShop these key ingredients that are good for you and your scalp, here.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://catalog.century.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=9&coid=16151", "date": "2024-02-22T10:18:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473738.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222093910-20240222123910-00618.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8259478211402893, "token_count": 1114, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__12911666", "lang": "en", "text": "CHEM 1041 - Principles of Chemistry I Credits: 5\nHours/Week: Lecture 5 Lab 3\nCourse Description: This is the first course in a two-course introduction to chemistry. Students will investigate the basic concepts of chemistry, including atomic theory and structure, chemical nomenclature, chemical equations and stoichiometry, electron configuration and periodicity, chemical bonding, molecular structure, enthalpy changes associated with chemical reactions, the behavior of gases, and an introduction to organic chemistry. Quantitative laboratory experiments emphasize observation, organization of data, and analysis of data. This course is intended for students who need a course in general chemistry to fulfill a requirement for a variety of majors such as: chemistry, medicine, biology, nursing, dentistry, physical therapy and liberal arts.\n3 Natural Science\nPrerequisite(s): Course placement into MATH 1061 or above, or completion of MATH 0070 with a grade of C or higher. Course placement into college-level English and Reading OR completion of ENGL 0950 with a grade of C or higher OR completion of RDNG 0940 with a grade of C or higher and qualifying English Placement Exam OR completion of RDNG 0950 with a grade of C or higher and ENGL 0090 with a grade of C or higher OR completion of ESOL 0051 with a grade of C or higher and ESOL 0052 with a grade of C or higher.\n- Matter and Measurement\n- Atomic Structure\n- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure\n- Chemical Equations and Stoichiometry\n- Electron Configuration and Periodicity\n- Inorganic Nomenclature\n- Introduction to Organic Chemistry\n- Reactions in Aqueous Solution\nAt the end of this course students will be able to:\n- determine the number of significant digits in a number, and round measured and calculated results to the appropriate number of significant digits.\n- apply dimensional analysis with proper attention to units and significant figures.\n- describe and apply the scientific method.\n- name or provide formulas for molecular and ionic compounds, including those with polyatomic ions.\n- describe electrons, protons, and neutrons, and the general structure of the atom.\n- define isotope and determine the atomic number, mass number, and number of neutrons for a specified isotope.\n- identify the atomic number and atomic mass for any element, given a periodic table.\n- calculate the average atomic mass of an element from isotopic abundances and masses.\n- correlate wavelength, frequency, and energy of light with electron energy level transitions in an atom using the Bohr model.\n- apply the wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle to describe properties of electrons.\n- apply the results of the Schrödinger model of the atom to assign quantum numbers to electrons and write electron configurations of multi-electron atoms and ions.\n- identify valence and core electrons, and predict trends in atomic size, ionization energy, electron affinity, and charges on main-group ions.\n- use Avogadro’s number to calculate the number of particles.\n- balance chemical equations and perform stoichiometry calculations, including limiting reagent and percent yield calculations.\n- determine the empirical formula of an unknown compound from percent mass data.\n- use molarity in calculations involving solutions, including dilution and titration calculations.\n- identify insoluble ionic compounds, strong and weak acids and bases, and oxidizing and reducing agents in precipitation, acid-base neutralization, and oxidation-reduction reactions.\n- write molecular, total, and net ionic equations for precipitation and acid-base reactions.\n- explain and write a formula for the First Law of Thermodynamics.\n- determine the amount of heat associated with reacting a specified mass of reactant for a reaction with a given enthalpy change.\n- use heat capacity or specific heat to relate the amount of heat associated with a temperature change for a substance.\n- use Hess’s Law or enthalpies of formation to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction.\n- describe bonding in pure covalent, polar covalent, and ionic compounds.\n- draw Lewis structures for compounds including resonance, formal charge, and exceptions to the octet rule.\n- use VSEPR theory and Valence Bond Theory to predict molecular shape, polarity, and bonding.\n- explain the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases.\n- use the ideal gas law and the combined gas law in calculations.\n- apply Dalton’s Law to determine the mole fraction, partial pressures, and total pressure of a gas mixture.\n- use chemicals and basic laboratory equipment safely and with proper technique.\n- record observations and analyze the results of experiments.\nCompetency 1 (1-6)\n03. 01. Demonstrate understanding of scientific theories.\n03. 02. Formulate and test hypotheses by performing laboratory, simulation, or field experiments in at least two of the natural science disciplines. One of these experimental components should develop, in greater depth, students’ laboratory experience in the collection of data, its statistical and graphical analysis, and an appreciation of its sources of error and uncertainty. 03. 03. Communicate their experimental findings, analyses, and interpretations both orally and in writing.\nCourses and Registration\nAdd to Portfolio (opens a new window)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://sprucegenerator.com/generator-fuel-stabilizer/", "date": "2023-01-31T15:58:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499888.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131154832-20230131184832-00506.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8987178206443787, "token_count": 1692, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__277289121", "lang": "en", "text": "Have you ever had issues starting your generator after extended months of storage? If you haven’t, you may have added a fuel stabilizer or were very lucky. For most generator owners, a month of storage without a fuel stabilizer means keeping the generator free of all the fuel, and still, there might be issues caused by the small traces left.\nIf you have never heard of a fuel stabilizer or use it but don’t know what it is or how it works, this post is for you. Its content describes everything you need to know about the formulated liquid.\nWhat’s a Generator Fuel Stabilizer?\nA fuel stabilizer is a formulated solution designed to provide a protective layer that sits on the fuel inside the fuel tank or storage can. It’s made primarily using petroleum products to bond with gasoline molecules to prevent evaporation and degradation. Some brands come with additives that help prevent corrosion and water build-up.\nWhy Use a Generator Fuel Stabilizer?\nGasoline is a mixture of many chemicals, hydrocarbons, and other additives. These chemicals make it volatile. Its volatility makes it break down over time when exposed to moisture and oxygen.\nWhen the oxygen in the air comes into contact with gasoline, the metals start to oxidize. What you will be left with is gummy stuff with a nasty smell, what we call stale fuel.\nWhat’s more, ethanol, one of the blended additives in gasoline, is hygroscopic. It can accumulate up to 49 percent water saturation. If that happens, it results in phase separation. The ethanol-water solution sinks to the bottom, thereby creating two layers.\nWhen you start the engine, the water-ethanol mix layer is what the engine will pull first. It’s disastrous to the generator engine as it will cause it to run poorly, translating to inadequate power production.\nWhat’s more, if the water-ethanol mix sat in the fuel tank for an extended period, it can corrode the fuel tank from the inside out, forcing you into a costly replacement.\nEven if you store your generator with a fuel tank full, oxidation will still occur. It’s even worse today as modern gasoline contains a high percentage of ethanol. That means more water attraction which will accelerate the fuel breakdown.\nHigh-quality ethanol-free gasoline can stay stable almost indefinitely with proper storage. The same can happen with high-quality gasoline stored in airtight containers in controlled humidity and temperature.\nHowever, since both these options are costly and only feasible in commercial applications, your gasoline is bound to go ‘bad’ at some point.\nHow long does it take for fuel to go ‘bad’? Gasoline stays stable for at most 30 days. From here, it starts to degrade from oxidation. At some point, the fuel starts to varnish, and it’s left untreated. That’s when it starts to gum up and clog any openings in the generator fuel system.\nThat’s where the generator fuel stabilizer comes in – with a fuel stabilizer; the fuel is protected from the oxygen that oxidizes it to make it stale. The chemical adds a layer of protection to prevent vanishing and inhibit ethanol from pulling water from the atmosphere.\nWhat Does a Generator Fuel Stabilizer Do?\nAs I mentioned in the section above, a fuel stabilizer prevents gasoline oxidation and breakdown. It bonds with the fuel molecules, coating and protecting them from oxygen exposure. That means there will be no more gumming or fuel evaporation.\nWhile doing so, it also creates a protective layer on ethanol, the hygroscopic additive, preventing it from attracting water from the atmosphere.\nBy doing so, it eliminates the need to drain the generator fuel before storage. It also ensures you enjoy the convenience of an easy generator start next time you need the emergency power.\nUnderstand that you cannot reverse stale gas. You cannot add a fuel stabilizer to turn ‘bad’ fuel into ‘good’ fuel. However, you can extend your gasoline’s shelf life when you add it at the beginning of the storage.\nHigh-quality fuel stabilizers can keep your fuel fresh for even three years. However, it’s a must you store it properly.\nWhen Should You Use a Generator Fuel Stabilizer?\nA fuel stabilizer is mainly used when you’re not using or running your generator. If you plan to store your generator for more than a couple of days, you need a fuel stabilizer to protect the fuel and the generator fuel line.\nAnd since generators are mainly used for emergency power, most people find themselves using the generator a handful of times in a year or season. That means, at a time point, the generator will stay in storage for months.\nIf you still want to preserve the fuel in the fuel tank or in a storage container to stay ready for the next disaster, it’d be best to treat it with a fuel stabilizer.\nUsually, I advise generator owners to add a fuel stabilizer if they will store the generator for more than two weeks.\nIt’s okay to leave fuel in the generator for a couple of days when you’ve added a fuel stabilizer. If the storage might extend to more than a month, mix the fuel with the solution and drain every drop of the fuel in the fuel line to an ideal fuel storage container.\nHow Much Generator Fuel Stabilizer Should You Use?\nTypically, the fuel stabilizer will come with instructions written on a sticker on its back or with a manual.\nThe instructions will have the amount of the solution you should add to a specific gasoline quantity. You don’t need much for a generator.\nFor example, you need one ounce (30mL) STA-BIL® Storage Fuel Stabilizer for 2½ gallons (9.5L) gasoline.\nHow Do You Add Generator Fuel Stabilizer\nAdding a fuel stabilizer to a generator is upfront and straightforward. Here are the steps to follow:\nWhen Storing the Generator with Fuel for Short Time:\nStep 1: With the generator engine off and cool, shake the generator gently to check the level of fuel in your fuel tank if yours has no fuel gauge. Before adding the fuel, you want to make sure the tank is almost empty.\nStep 2: Add the right amount of your ideal properly formulated fuel stabilizer into the fuel tank. If you don’t have a preferred brand, you can go for an STA-BIL® Storage Fuel Stabilizer. Read the manufacturer’s instructions for the dosage. Add clean gasoline to almost full and wipe any spills.\nStep 3: Start the generator engine and run it for 10-15 minutes. This is to allow the treated fuel to travel through the carburetor and engine. It will help prevent gummy deposits and thus increasing the chances for easy after-storage generator starting.\nWhen Storing the Generator without Fuel for a Long Haul:\nStep 1: If your plans don’t include using the generator in the next 30 days, drain every drop of gasoline in the generator.\nStart by setting the fuel valve to the OFF position and allow the generator to run out of fuel. Disconnect the fuel valve pipe and drain the fuel in the tank into a storage container.\nPlease do the same with the carburetor by opening the drain crew or bold on its bottom. Use the generator manual to locate it.\nStep 2: Once the generator is empty and all the fuel is in a proper fuel-storage container, add the right amount of the Fuel Stabilizer, seal the cap and shake it to give it a nice mix.\nCan Stabilizer cause a generator to produce smoke?\nWhen you add a fuel stabilizer, it pulls water from the fuel. If there were some water at the fuel tank bottom, you would get a light white smoke. If it’s more than that, you may have a bigger problem. Check out my post on generator smoke. It should give you all the answers you may have about a generator producing smoke.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.oldworldapothecary.com/articlesyntheticingredients.html", "date": "2018-01-20T12:51:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889617.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120122736-20180120142736-00601.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9459514617919922, "token_count": 2627, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__257146365", "lang": "en", "text": "What's in YOUR product?\nWhat you don't know could be hurting you. If you are using body products that are widely available in most department, drug, and grocery stores, chances are they contain at least one-but more likely several-ingredients that can potentially harm you. Even most of the so-called \"natural\" body care products out there contain at least one synthetic ingredient. What's the big deal? Well, those of us who seek out natural body care products do so because we are concerned about our health and about adding additional toxins to our bodies that are constantly exposed to various environmental pollutants daily. And it is difficult to find true, 100% completely natural body care products. You have to be a diligent label reader to filter through everything that is out there. To help you on this quest, I've assembled a list of synthetic ingredients commonly found in most body care products, and why they should be avoided.\n1. Methyl, Propyl, Butyl and Ethyl Parabens: Probably the most common synthetic ingredients found even in so-called \"natural\" products are these chemicals broadly referred to as \"parabens\". Considered \"food grade\" preservatives, they are also unfortunately found in products we consume. They are typically used as preservatives to inhibit the growth of microbes and to extend the shelf life of products. Parabens are known to cause various allergic reactions and skin irritations and rashes, especially with prolonged or repeated exposure.\n2. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: Also known as Sodium laurel sulfate or SLS. This synthetic substance can be found in almost any kind of industrial cleaning agent, and is widely used in products like shampoo, toothpaste, and mouth rinses as a foaming and cleansing agent, because it produces the foamy, bubbly texture we have come to expect of these products. It causes irritation on contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, and can cause allergic reactions. Tests on lab animals indicate that long-term exposure may cause mutagenic effects. SLS is rapidly absorbed and retained in the eyes, brain, heart, and liver, which may result in harmful long-term effects. Some pseudo-natural products containing this substance try to mislead the consumer with the phrase \"derived from coconut\", but don't be fooled.\n3. Propylene Glycol (PG), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Butylene Glycol (BG), & Thylene Glycol (EG): PG, PEG, BG and EG are all petroleum derivatives that act as solvents, surfactants, and wetting agents. They can easily penetrate the skin, and are noted to inhibit skin cell growth and damage cell membranes in human tests. In fact, PG penetrates the skin so quickly that the EPA warns factory workers to avoid skin contact to prevent brain, liver, and kidney abnormalities. Propylene Glycol is what is used to carry the \"active\" ingredients in transdermal patches into the body. Propylene Glycol is used in anti-freeze, brake fluid, de-icer, paints, floor wax, laundry detergents, and tobacco, in addition to cosmetics, toothpaste, shampoos, deodorants, lotions, processed food, and many personal care products. It is known to cause eye, skin, and gastro-intestinal irritations, allergic reactions and rashes, nausea, headache, vomiting, and central nervous system depression. It also causes dry skin, which is ironic since it is commonly used as a humectant (to help retain moisture). Other side effects in animals exposed to PG include heart arrhythmia, stunted growth, decreased blood pressure, and even death. Butylene Glycol is now being used to replace PG in some personal care products, even though it is the only one of the glycols that has not been able to get on the FDA's GRAS List (Generally Recognized As Safe).\n4. Petrolatum and Mineral Oil: Mineral oil is a derivative of crude oil and petrolatum is mineral oil jelly. Both are used industrially as lubricants. They are also widely used in lotions, creams, and other body care products. Mineral oil actually smothers the skin. It forms an oily film on the skin to lock in moisture, but traps in toxins and wastes, and clogs pores. It hinders normal skin respiration by keeping oxygen out, so it is actually drying to the skin. It can promote acne and skin photosensitivity, and slows down normal cell development, resulting in premature aging of the skin. Products that contain mineral oil and petrolatum actually create the very conditions they are intended to treat.\n5. Imidazolidinyl Urea and Diazolidinyl Urea: These are the second most commonly used preservatives next to parabens. They have long been recognized as a primary cause of skin irritations. In addition, they release formaldehyde, a toxic chemical, at very low temperatures (just over 10°). Neither one is particularly good at inhibiting the growth of fungus, so they need to be combined with other preservatives, which just adds to the potential toxic load in a product.\n6. DEA (Diethanolamine) MEA (Monoethanolamine) & TEA (Triethanolamine): Some alias names: Cocamide DEA or MEA, DEA-Cetyl phosphate, DEA Oleth-3 phosphate, Myristamide DEA, Stearamide MEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide MEA, Oleamide DEA, TEA-Lauryl Sulfate. These chemicals and related ingredients are emulsifiers and foaming agents, widely used in a variety of cosmetic products, particularly bubble bath, bodywash, shampoo, soap and facial cleansers. Ethanolamines are eye and skin irritants. DEA is easily absorbed through the skin, and accumulates in body organs, even the brain. Animal tests show it causes damage to the liver, kidney, brain, spinal cord, bone marrow, and skin. Contact with the eyes can cause impaired vision. In 1998, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) did a research study showing a link between cancer in lab animals and DEA and certain DEA - related ingredients, when applied topically.\n7. Butylated hydroxianisole (BHA) & Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT): BHA and BHT are preservatives very commonly used not only in cosmetics and personal care products, but in food products. BHA is absorbed through the skin and stored in body tissues. BHT is harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through skin. It causes eye and skin irritation, and is irritating to mucous membranes & upper respiratory tract. Effects may vary from mild irritation to severe destruction of tissue.\n8. Phthalates: Phthalates are chemicals commonly found in cosmetic and personal care products; especially nail polish, perfumes, hair sprays, and lotions, as well as in clothes, household cleaners and deodorizers, baby toys, shower curtains, insect repellants, toothbrushes, food packaging, aspirin, medical tubing and fluid bags, gum, candy, biodegradable tampon injectors, and prescription medications. Both the CDC and NIOSH have been conducting ongoing studies for the past 5 years to evaluate the potentially hazardous effects of phthalates. Phthalates are regulated as toxic substances under environmental laws that limit their discharge into air, land, and water, but there are NO limitations on the amount of phthalates used in consumer products. Health effects of phthalates include damage to the liver and kidneys, birth defects, decreased sperm counts, testicular cancer, early puberty onset in girls, early breast development in girls and boys, and other reproductive disorders. Phthalates are also suspected to contribute to reduced fertility in males.\n9. Synthetic Colors: Synthetic colors are used to make products more attractive, not more functional. They are usually listed on the label as FD&C or D&C, along with a color and number. (e.g. FD&C Yellow No. 5). Synthetic colors are typically derived from petroleum or coal, and are found in a wide variety of food products and pet foods, as well as in drugs, cosmetics, and personal care products. Most do not fade during processing and storing, giving them an advantage over natural coloring agents. In 1960, the Delaney anti-cancer clause was added to the FDA's FD & C Act, which prohibits marketing any color additive the agency has found to cause cancer in animals or humans, regardless of amount. Yet it has been proven in many animal lab tests that high doses of most synthetic dyes approved by the FDA are capable of causing various adverse reactions, including cancer. Regulators have faced a dilemma because technological advances have enabled scientists to identify smaller and smaller concentrations of a substance and conduct more sensitive toxicological tests. Are such tiny amounts a health threat? Scientists have yet to answer this question, and these synthetic dyes remain in many of the products we use daily. The FDA even says on its consumer website: \"You may, however, want to avoid consuming huge quantities of any one color additive. Good sense is the best policy. As with many other food ingredients, don't overuse any one product. Practice everything in moderation.\" That is all well and good, but since most synthetic colors can potentially cause some sort of adverse reaction, even if we avoid heavy consumption of one, we are likely consuming others, which adds to the toxic load overall. It's best to simply avoid synthetic colors altogether.\n10. Synthetic Fragrances: Fragrance chemicals are compounds that volatilize, or vaporize into the air - that's why we can smell them. They are added to products to give them a scent or to mask the odor of other ingredients. The volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) emitted by fragrance products can contribute to poor indoor air quality and are associated with a variety of adverse health effects. Exposure to fragrance chemicals can cause headaches, eye, nose, and throat irritation, rashes, hyperpigmentation of the skin, nausea, vomiting, coughing, forgetfulness, loss of coordination, dizziness, and other respiratory and/or neurotoxic symptoms. Many fragrance ingredients are respiratory irritants and sensitizers, which can trigger asthma attacks and aggravate sinus conditions. Fragrance chemicals are the number one cause of allergic reactions to cosmetics -- not only to the primary users, but also to those who breathe in the chemicals as secondhand users. Phthalates in fragrances are known to disrupt hormones and are linked in animal studies to reproductive impairments. Typically these chemicals are identified by the word \"Fragrance\" on the label. If you see it listed, don't buy it!\nShocking, isn't it? You are probably wondering where this information comes from. Well, it is publicly available, folks. I found all of the information to compile this list online. Some of the greatest resources I found are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's). All manufacturers of hazardous chemicals in the USA are required to file MSDS's by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). An MSDS \"contains written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical as prescribed by law,\" including information \"needed to insure the safety and health of the user at all stages of [the chemical's] manufacture, storage, use, and disposal.\" There are several sites online where you can look up an MSDS (I used this one http://www.setonresourcecenter.com/MSDS/index.htm). Just enter the chemical name into the search and browse the results. The adverse affects are listed on the MSDS under: \"Health Hazards Data\". I also found information on the sites of the CDC (Centers for Disease Control), FDA (Food & Drug Administration), NTP (National Toxicology Program) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, which is a division of the CDC).\nThe bottom line: if you want truly natural products, you have to do your homework, read labels, and make careful choices. You will likely find that it is quite difficult to find a product that does not contain at least one of the ingredients listed above. That is why I make and sell many of my own products, and for those that I can't make myself, I shop for products empowered with the knowledge of what to avoid. Even if you have to settle for a product that contains only one of the above ingredients, it's better than one that contains many or all of them! Be diligent, be informed, and be well!\n©2004 Old World Apothecary www.oldworldapothecary.com", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.soc.ku.dk/ansatte/VIP/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Fassay-validation-for-vilanterol-and-its-metabolites-in-human-urine-with-application-for-doping-control-analysis(24fbfc18-0448-427a-987d-05400f57c261).html", "date": "2023-12-08T22:16:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100779.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208212357-20231209002357-00842.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8672515749931335, "token_count": 535, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__48983903", "lang": "en", "text": "Assay validation for vilanterol and its metabolites in human urine with application for doping control analysis\nResearch output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review\nFinal published version, 1.16 MB, PDF document\nA bioanalytical method for detecting the ultra-long-acting beta2-agonist (U-LABA), inhaled vilanterol and its metabolites, GSK932009 and GW630200, in urine was developed to potentially monitor permitted therapeutic versus prohibited supratherapeutic use in sport. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has established urinary concentration thresholds for beta2-agonists salbutamol and formoterol. Therapeutic use of vilanterol (25 μg once-daily) was recently permitted by WADA, however, there is no established decision limit for adverse analytical findings due to insufficient urine concentration data. In this study, we validated an assay to detect vilanterol in urine collected from four healthy male and female athletes 0 - 72 h who received inhaled corticosteroid fluticasone furoate/U-LABA vilanterol (800/100 μg) combination, four times the normal therapeutic dose. After administration, subjects performed one hour of bike ergometer exercise. The experiment was conducted again after repeat dosing for one week. Our method utilised liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and was validated over urine concentrations of 5 - 5000 pg/mL (vilanterol), and 50 - 50,000 pg/mL (GSK932009 and GW630200). Plasma samples were analysed for vilanterol, using a previously validated assay. The C max for urine vilanterol, GSK932009 and GW630200 were 9.5, 10.4 and 0.17 ng/mL, for single dosing, and 18.6, 19.5, and 0.20 ng/mL, for repeat dosing. Urine samples from four volunteers using the final validated method are reported, demonstrating this assay has sensitivity to detect vilanterol or GSK932009 in urine for ≥ 72 hours post single or repeat dosing with 800/100 μg fluticasone furoate/vilanterol whereas GW630200 was quantifiable ≤ 4 hours post-dose.\n|Journal||Drug Testing and Analysis|\n|Publication status||Published - 2023|\nThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.\n- Faculty of Science - Vilanterol, Beta2-agonist, WADA, Doping, Assay validation", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://vapeciti.com/products/strawberry-sours-ice-100-ml-kilo-sour-series", "date": "2020-10-22T18:25:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107880014.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20201022170349-20201022200349-00408.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.869231104850769, "token_count": 183, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__188582951", "lang": "en", "text": "Strawberry Sours Ice 100 ml - Kilo Sour Series\nStrawberry Sours Ice: Kilo Strawberry Sours Ice is a refreshing icy rendition of the original Strawberry Sours with the same blend of sweet and sour candied strawberries, with a hint of menthol added. Released as part of the Kilo Sour Series, Strawberry Sours Ice delivers the notes of the sourness of the candy, followed by the sweetness of the strawberries and then a hint of menthol to create a refreshingly well rounded vaping experience. Kilo Strawberry Sours Ice comes in a 100 ml plastic bottle and in three different nicotine strengths: 0 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg for your desired nicotine satisfaction. It has a nice Vegetable Glycerin (VG) to Propylene Glycol (PG) base of 70% to 30%, which allows the cloud chasers to produce those flavorful puffy clouds.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wweebb.ru/rb-sr-dating-example/", "date": "2020-10-31T05:02:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107912807.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20201031032847-20201031062847-00008.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9306485056877136, "token_count": 3403, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__125665915", "lang": "en", "text": "The rubidium-strontium dating method is a radiometric dating technique used by scientists to determine the age of rocks and minerals from the quantities they contain of specific isotopes of rubidium 87 Rb and strontium 87 Sr, 86 Sr. Development of this process was aided by German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann , who later went on to discover nuclear fission in December The utility of the rubidium — strontium isotope system results from the fact that 87 Rb one of two naturally occurring isotopes of rubidium decays to 87 Sr with a half-life of In addition, Rb is a highly incompatible element that, during partial melting of the mantle, prefers to join the magmatic melt rather than remain in mantle minerals. As a result, Rb is enriched in crustal rocks. The radiogenic daughter, 87 Sr, is produced in this decay process and was produced in rounds of stellar nucleosynthesis predating the creation of the Solar System. During fractional crystallization , Sr tends to become concentrated in plagioclase , leaving Rb in the liquid phase. Highest ratios 10 or higher occur in pegmatites.\nThere are two stable isotopes of carbon: 12 C and 13 C, and one naturally occurring radionuclide: 14 C. The half life of 14 C is only 5, years, which is orders of magnitude shorter than the age of the Earth. Therefore, no primordial radiocarbon remains and all 14 C is cosmogenic see Section 8 for related methods. The main production mechanism is through secondary cosmic ray neutron reactions with 14 N in the stratosphere: 7 14 N n,p 6 14 C.\nAny newly formed 14 C rapidly mixes with the rest of the atmosphere creating a spatially uniform carbon composition, which is incorporated into plants and the animals that eat them. Prior to the industrial revolution, a gram of fresh organic carbon underwent\nPrior to the best and most accepted age of the Earth was that We can measure the present ratios of (87Sr/86Sr)t and (87Rb/86Sr)t with.\nThe radioactive decay of rubidium 87 Rb to strontium 87 Sr was the first widely used dating system that utilized the isochron method. Because rubidium is concentrated in crustal rocks, the continents have a much higher abundance of the daughter isotope strontium compared with the stable isotopes. A ratio for average continental crust of about 0. This difference may appear small, but, considering that modern instruments can make the determination to a few parts in 70,, it is quite significant.\nDissolved strontium in the oceans today has a value of 0. Thus, if well-dated, unaltered fossil shells containing strontium from ancient seawater are analyzed, changes in this ratio with time can be observed and applied in reverse to estimate the time when fossils of unknown age were deposited. The rubidium—strontium pair is ideally suited for the isochron dating of igneous rocks. As a liquid rock cools, first one mineral and then another achieves saturation and precipitates, each extracting specific elements in the process.\nGeochemistry of Radioactive Isotopes\nMathematical Content : Exponential and logarithmic functions, algebraic operations, graphs. Certain natural phenomena or processes, such as Earth’s year-long solar orbit, and the resulting annual climatic variations that govern the growth of tree rings, can be used as “natural clocks. If we can find and date a rock that we know has been around since the Earth formed, we can measure the age of the Earth. Can we find in rocks a natural clock that has been operating since they formed?\nDebunking the creationist radioactive dating argument. The argon age determination of the mineral can be confirmed by measuring the loss of potassium. their ratios to strontium Rb/Sr and Sr87/Sr We measure the amounts.\nThe chapter targeted the geochemistry of radioactive isotopes dealing with multidisciplinary topics and focusing on geochronology and tracer studies. The most common subjects are presented to include the basic principles of radioactive isotopes. The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves known as radioactive decay that causes the energy loss from the parent nuclide converting it to daughter nuclide [ 1 ].\nThis chapter has been authorized based mainly on published reference focusing on some basic properties and principles of radiation and how to use this phenomenon for the estimation the absolute geological age depending on the isotope half-life and provides brief summary of only a very few examples of dating applications. Geochronology and tracer studies are two principle applications of geochemistry of radiogenic isotope. Geochronology goes to estimate the absolute time based on the radioactive rate decay from the beginning of decay to its daughter by knowing how much nuclides have decayed.\nTracer application relies on the variation in ratio of the radiogenic daughter isotope to other isotopes of the element. The purpose of authoring this chapter is to help those who are interested in this field and to provide what is useful and brief in a simplified way away from the complexity. The radioactive decay a phenomenon of natural and artificial means loss of energy that results in an atom named the parent nuclide converting it to an atom of a different type, called the daughter nuclide.\nThe 14 C is a parent, emits radiation and transforms to a 14 N representing a daughter [ 2 ].\nClocks in the Rocks\nGeosphere ; 14 4 : — The Sesia zone in the Italian Western Alps is a piece of continental crust that has been subducted to eclogite-facies conditions and records a complex metamorphic history. The exact timing of events and the significance of geochronological information are debated due to the interplay of tectonic, metamorphic, and metasomatic processes. Our study focuses on the shear zone at the contact between two major lithological units of the Sesia zone, the eclogitic micaschists and the gneiss minuti.\nMetasedimentary rocks of the eclogitic micaschists unit contain phengite with step-like zoning in major element chemistry as evidence for petrologic disequilibrium. The eclogitic micaschists also show systematic Sr isotope disequilibria among different phengite populations, so that minimum ages of relict assemblage crystallization can be differentiated from the timing of late increments of deformation.\nture of the event dated by radiogenic isotope geochemistry, and a meaning difficult to obtain good Rb/Sr ages on mafic3 and ultramafic rocks.\nRb-Sr age of the Shergotty achondrite and implications for metamorphic resetting of isochron ages. The age of the Shergotty achondrite is determined by Rb-Sr isotope analysis and the metamorphic resetting of isochron ages, which is presumed to have occurred during a shock event in the history of the meteorite, is discussed. Different apparent ages obtained by the K-Ar and Sm-Nd methods are interpreted in terms of a model which quantifies the degree of resetting of internal isochron ages by low temperature solid state diffusion.\nOn the basis of these considerations, it is concluded that Shergotty crystallized from a melt million years ago, was shock heated to to C after its parent body was involved in a collision million years ago, and was first exposed to cosmic rays two million years ago. Resetting of RbSr ages of volcanic rocks by low-grade burial metamorphism.\nWe report a nine-point RbSr whole-rock isochron age of 70?? The same rocks have also been dated by the UThPb method on zircon, giving a crystallization age of ?? The data demonstrate that whole-rock RbSr ages of volcanic rocks, even lava flows with SiO2 content as low as 57 wt. The rocks range in composition from rhyodacite tuffs to andesite lavas. The complete breakdown of all major minerals that contain Rb and Sr resulted in an alteration mineral assemblage consisting of phengite, albite, secondary quartz, and minor amounts of chlorite and epidote.\nPhengite is the K-bearing product of the breakdown of biotite and K-feldspar. Pressure during low-grade metamorphism of the volcanic rocks, estimated from phengite composition to have been in the range of 4 to 6 kbar, points to thrust-related burial as the main cause of resetting. Consequently, such reset isochrons may date large-scale events such as regional thrusting and metamorphism.\nAlkali Metal Dating, Rb-Sr Dating Model: Radioactive Dating, Part 4\nDifferent lithologies impure marble, eclogite and granitic orthogneiss sampled from a restricted area of the coesite-bearing Brossasco—Isasca Unit Dora Maira Massif have been investigated to examine the behaviour of 40 Ar— 39 Ar and Rb—Sr systems in phengites developed under ultrahigh-pressure UHP metamorphism. Mineralogical and petrological data indicate that zoned phengites record distinct segments of the P — T path: prograde, peak to early retrograde in the marble, peak to early retrograde in the eclogite, and late retrograde in the orthogneiss.\nBesides major element zoning, ion microprobe analysis of phengite in the marble also reveals a pronounced zoning of trace elements including Rb and Sr. These data confirm previous reports on excess Ar and, more significantly, highlight that phengite acted as a closed system in the different lithologies and that chemical exchange, not volume diffusion, was the main factor controlling the rate of Ar transport.\nAlthough this time interval matches Ar ages from the same sample, Rb—Sr data from phengite are not entirely consistent with the whole dataset.\nPetrology Tulane University Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Radiometric Dating Prior to the best and most accepted age of the Earth was that proposed by Lord Kelvin based on the amount of time necessary for the Earth to cool to its present temperature from a completely liquid state. Although we now recognize lots of problems with that calculation, the age of 25 my was accepted by most physicists, but considered too short by most geologists.\nThen, in , radioactivity was discovered. Recognition that radioactive decay of atoms occurs in the Earth was important in two respects: It provided another source of heat, not considered by Kelvin, which would mean that the cooling time would have to be much longer. It provided a means by which the age of the Earth could be determined independently. Principles of Radiometric Dating. Radioactive decay is described in terms of the probability that a constituent particle of the nucleus of an atom will escape through the potential Energy barrier which bonds them to the nucleus.\nThe energies involved are so large, and the nucleus is so small that physical conditions in the Earth i.\nThe Rb-Sr beta-decay dating system is one of the most attractive tools in geochronology, as Rb is sufficiently abundant in common K-bearing minerals like biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar. This allows dating of a wide variety of rocks e. However, this advantage was to date negatively counteracted by the lack of a suitable in-situ technique, as beta decay systems by nature have isobaric interferences of the daughter isotope by their respective parent isotope.\nA reaction cell sandwiched between two quadrupoles within an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer ICP-MS allows exactly this, the online chemical separation of two different elements. Coupled to a laser ablation LA system, in-situ Rb-Sr dating is therefore possible if a suitable reaction gas within the reaction cell can be found that separates Sr from Rb.\nmicaschist MK, illustrating the locations where minerals for dating the eclogite-facies assemblage (prefix “E”) by Rb-Sr were separated.\nRadiometric dating is a means of determining the “age” of a mineral specimen by determining the relative amounts present of certain radioactive elements. By “age” we mean the elapsed time from when the mineral specimen was formed. Radioactive elements “decay” that is, change into other elements by “half lives. The formula for the fraction remaining is one-half raised to the power given by the number of years divided by the half-life in other words raised to a power equal to the number of half-lives.\nIf we knew the fraction of a radioactive element still remaining in a mineral, it would be a simple matter to calculate its age by the formula. To determine the fraction still remaining, we must know both the amount now present and also the amount present when the mineral was formed.\nIn this article I shall introduce the Rb-Sr dating method, and explain how it works; in the process the reader should learn to appreciate the general reasoning behind the isochron method. There are three isotopes used in Rb-Sr dating. It produces the stable daughter isotope 87 Sr strontium by beta minus decay. The third isotope we need to consider is 86 Sr, which is stable and is not radiogenic , meaning that in any closed system the quantity of 86 Sr will remain the same.\nRubidium-Strontium Dating Rubidium (87Rb) decays to strontium (87Sr) and because the half-life is so long, it is used by geologists to find the age of very old.\nContinue to access RSC content when you are not at your institution. Follow our step-by-step guide. In situ dating of K-rich minerals, e. With a more efficient reactive transfer, it should be possible to obtain similar results with a smaller laser spot size, hence gaining higher spatial resolution. Our tests show that both N 2 O and SF 6 form interfering reaction products, e. This facilitates the dating of micas by the K—Ca isotopic system; we present the first in situ K—Ca age determination.\nIf you are not the author of this article and you wish to reproduce material from it in a third party non-RSC publication you must formally request permission using Copyright Clearance Center. Go to our Instructions for using Copyright Clearance Center page for details. Authors contributing to RSC publications journal articles, books or book chapters do not need to formally request permission to reproduce material contained in this article provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material.\nCanadian Journal of Earth Sciences\nAll publications more feeds BibTeX file. Aliquots of a homogenized whole rock are called whole-rock samples. Whole-rock isochrons especially those of metamorphic rocks may be disturbed. This study summarizes current knowledge on relevant problems. Magmatic processes generally produce initial isotopic homogeneity.\npletely recrystallized. A sample of undeformed tonalite yields a Rb-Sr biotite age land using Rb-Sr biotite and whole-rock dating. The main reason for this.\nRubidium has two isotopes 85 Rb When a mineral crystallizes, it will usually incorporate both rubidium and strontium ions and the ratio of Rb to Sr will vary depending on the mineral involved. Using these proportions it is possible to identify the amount of radiogenic 87 Sr present. Originally the above proportions were assumed, but today it is more usual to plot 87 Sr: 86 Sr against 87 Rb: 86 Sr to produce a straight-line isochron from which the age of the mineral can be determined.\nWhen using the 87 Rb: 86 Sr method it is customary to use whole-rock samples in the analysis, because although 87 Sr may leak from one mineral to adjacent minerals over time it usually remains in the system. The method has particularly been applied to ancient metamorphic rocks. August 11, Retrieved August 11, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://complete-skin-co-laser-and-cosmetic-clinic.myshopify.com/products/refining-moisturiser", "date": "2020-08-09T22:48:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738595.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809222112-20200810012112-00141.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8487126231193542, "token_count": 379, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__31438705", "lang": "en", "text": "Refining Moisturiser 50ml\nA matte-finish moisturiser that targets the underlying causes of enlarged pores while also hydrating and nourishing skin. Botanical extract, red clover, alongside mandelic acid provide all-day shine control and a flawlessly smooth complexion. Lightweight yet intensely hydrating, skin feels replenished, supple and perfectly smooth. Refining Moisturiser has an invigorating and fresh scent; awakening the senses with a fusion of mint and lavender.\nSynthetic Colour Free | Artificial Fragrance Free | Paraben Free | Phthalate Free | Cruelty Free| Vegan Friendly\nRed Clover Extract – An exceptional botanical pore minimiser, red clover extract reduces sebum production, enhances cellular turnover and acts as a natural astringent to minimise the appearance of pores.\nL-Mandelic Acid – A softly exfoliating AHA with BHA power, chirally correct mandelic acid is able to work both on the surface of the skin and within pores for a deep but gentle exfoliation.\nGlycerin – Glycerin gets to work as a natural humectant, trapping water within the skin to leave it quenched and comfortable.\nHyaluronic Acid – With a unique ability to attract and retain more than 1,000 times its own weight in water, hyaluronic acid draws moisture from the surrounding atmosphere into the skin, leaving the complexion both nourished and supple.\nMoisture Magnets –Medik8’s signature hydrators bind to skin cells and grab onto water to lock moisture in tight where it is needed the most.\nAfter cleansing in the morning and evening, blend a small amount of Refining Moisturiser across the face, neck and décolletage.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://newdrugs.com/Nicotine-Pharmacokinetics.html", "date": "2021-07-31T07:16:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154053.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210731043043-20210731073043-00628.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9125431180000305, "token_count": 781, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__52365826", "lang": "en", "text": "When smoked in cigarettes and inhaled, nicotine is quickly absorbed in the lungs, with the freebase largely suspended on tiny tar particles. Inhaled nicotine reaches the brain within eight seconds, almost as quickly as an intravenous injection (Figure 7.6). Tobacco in oral products is more basic (has a high pH) and is better absorbed via the mouth than cigarette smoke, which is more acidic. Cigarettes contain 1–2% nicotine or approximately 10–20 mg of nicotine each. Most of the nicotine in inhaled smoke is absorbed in the lungs; much less is absorbed through the mouth. Dependent cigarette smokers tend to titrate their intake over time within the confines of the rapid rise and fall associated with each cigarette, but they average approximately 1 mg of delivered nicotine per cigarette (Figure 7.7). Dependent smokers will maintain relatively stable blood nicotine levels over the course of their waking hours (Figure 7.8). Plasma nicotine levels range from 4–6 ng/ml for pipe smoking to 20–50 ng/ml for cigarette smoking. Tobacco smokers can accumulate substantial levels of carboxyhemoglobin (7–10%) produced by 12 h of tobacco exposure (Figure 7.8). These carboxyhemoglobin levels produced by exposure to carbon monoxide are sufficient to meet and exceed the Environmental Protection Agency occupational threshold limit of 50 ppm of carbon monoxide (which produces 5% carboxyhemoglobin). For example, in both males and females with an average cigarette consumption of 36 and 32 cigarettes per day, respectively, who had smoked 21 and 18 cigarettes, respectively, by the time of sampling, venous blood nicotine levels were approximately 32 ng/ml, and average carboxyhemoglobin levels were 8% (Table 7.2). Nicotine can also be passively absorbed, and non-smokers who live with a 40-cigarette-per-day smoker will achieve levels of urinary cotinine (a nicotine metabolite) that are equivalent to smoking approximately three cigarettes. The minimal acute fatal dose of oral nicotine appears to be about 65 mg, but some individuals have ingested much larger quantities and recovered.\nFigure 7.6 Blood concentrations of nicotine in subjects who smoked cigarettes for 9 min (1.33 cigarettes), used oral snuff (2.5 g), used chewing tobacco (mean 7.0 g), or chewed nicotine gum (two 2 mg pieces). Shaded bars indicate the period of exposure to tobacco or nicotine gum. These data show that smoking cigarettes produces the most rapid rise in blood nicotine levels. Notice also, however, that oral snuff, chewing tobacco, and nicotine gum also have relatively rapid absorption, more than one sees with the oral administration of other drugs. This is attributable to the more basic pH in these preparations. [Taken with permission from Benowitz NL. Drug therapy: pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, (319), 1318–1330.]\nAbout 80–90% of nicotine is metabolized in the liver, and nicotine and its metabolites, mainly cotinine and nicotine-1’-N-oxide, are excreted in the urine. Approximately 4% of nicotine is converted to nicotine N-oxide, which is largely excreted in urine without further metabolism. Approximately 70% of nicotine is metabolized to cotinine, which is then further metabolized (Figure 7.9). The half-life of nicotine is about 2 h after inhalation or parenteral administration, and the half-life of cotinine is 19 h. The metabolite cotinine has been shown to have psychoactive effects. Intravenously administered cotinine (30 mg) produced blood cotinine levels similar to those of smoking (378 mg/ml) and significantly decreased tobacco withdrawal symptoms in abstinent cigarette smokers.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://robinsonespinal.com/molecular-mixology-service-a-scientific-culinary-journey-in-london/", "date": "2023-11-28T20:30:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099942.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128183116-20231128213116-00006.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8762813806533813, "token_count": 732, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__275841009", "lang": "en", "text": "London’s culinary scene is renowned for its innovation and diversity, and within this dynamic landscape, molecular mixology stands out as a captivating fusion of science and art. This avant-garde approach to crafting cocktails has transformed the traditional bar experience into a scientific culinary journey. Here’s why molecular mixology service in London is celebrated as a fascinating exploration of flavor, texture, and presentation:\nScientific Precision: At its core, molecular mixology relies on scientific principles to manipulate the physical and chemical properties of cocktail ingredients. Bartenders use laboratory techniques and equipment like liquid nitrogen, vacuum chambers, and syringes to create cocktails with distinctive textures, temperatures, and flavors.\nVisual Theater: Molecular cocktails are visually Cocktail service in Brighton captivating creations. Guests are treated to an immersive spectacle as they witness cocktails that bubble, smoke, or change color before their eyes. This visual theater enhances the overall drinking experience, making it a multisensory delight.\nCreative Flair: London’s molecular mixologists are true artists. They push the boundaries of creativity by experimenting with unusual ingredients, textures, and flavor combinations. The result is a menu of cocktails that challenge conventional expectations, enticing patrons to embark on a culinary journey of exploration.\nCustomization: Molecular mixology service in London places a strong emphasis on personalization. Bartenders engage with patrons to understand their flavor preferences and dietary restrictions, crafting bespoke cocktails that cater to individual tastes. Each drink becomes a unique reflection of the patron’s palate.\nTexture Play: Texture is a defining feature of molecular cocktails. From velvety foams to suspended pearls and gel-like spheres, these textural elements add depth and intrigue to each drink, transforming the act of sipping into a tactile experience.\nInteractive Engagement: Ordering a molecular cocktail is akin to embarking on a scientific adventure. Patrons often have the opportunity to observe the preparation process, interact with the bartender, and even participate in the creation of their cocktails, creating a sense of engagement and connection.\nPairing Menus: Many molecular mixology bars in London offer curated pairing menus that harmonize cocktails with complementary dishes. This gastronomic exploration takes patrons on a journey where flavors and textures intertwine, enhancing the overall dining experience.\nEducational Insights: For those curious about the science behind molecular mixology, some bars in London offer workshops, classes, or tasting sessions. These educational opportunities provide a deeper understanding of the techniques and principles that underpin the craft.\nReservations and Exclusive Experiences: Due to the meticulous preparation involved, molecular mixology bars often require reservations. Exclusive tasting sessions and curated experiences may also be available, allowing patrons to explore a carefully selected array of molecular creations.\nSustainability: Many establishments specializing in molecular mixology in London prioritize sustainability. They source local and seasonal ingredients, minimize waste, and adopt eco-friendly practices to align with the city’s growing emphasis on sustainable dining and drinking experiences.\nIn conclusion, molecular mixology service in London represents an enthralling fusion of science and culinary artistry. It’s a journey that transforms cocktails into immersive and memorable experiences, challenging the boundaries of what a libation can be. Whether you’re a cocktail connoisseur, a lover of innovative cuisine, or simply someone seeking an unforgettable night out, London’s molecular mixology service invites you to embark on a scientific culinary journey that will stimulate your senses and redefine your appreciation of cocktails. Cheers to the captivating world of molecular mixology in London!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://elstsc.info/sagwell-zvi-powder-exhibited-at-remtec-summit-2019/", "date": "2023-12-09T06:16:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209040008-20231209070008-00315.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9379419088363647, "token_count": 376, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__78527619", "lang": "en", "text": "RemTEC Summit 2019 takes place on February 26 to 28 local time, at the Colorado convention center in Denver, USA. Ms. Ren, the environmental technical specialist, and Ms. Zhang, the oversea sales of SAGWELL, attended the summit with Spherical Porous Iron Powder, UIF, Ni/Fe bimetal and other environmental remediation metal powder products.\nDuring the three-day exhibition, dozens of customers came to ask for samples, including 16 soil remediation companies, 9 on-site technical service companies, 5 water treatment companies and 3 scientific research institutions.\nAs can be seen from the customer’s sample selection, our company’s ultra-fine iron powder UIF has a broad application prospect in the field of environmental remediation in the United States.\nOur Fe/Ni bimetal has also received a lot of attention due to its high catalytic activity. A company focusing on drinking water purification and sewage treatment expressed great interest in bimetal in sewage treatment, and couldn’t wait to carry out the activity experiment at that time.\nDuring the three-day exhibition, nearly 50KG of all kinds of our ultrafine metal powder sample has been sent. The patient and professional answers of our technical person have brought about more than ten potential customers. The follow-up work of sample testing is well underway.\nAbout RemTEC Summit The RemTEC Summit delivers a truly unique platform focused on advancing the environmental science and remediation industry. It is the place where you can hear essential sources of information on technology, application and policy affecting contaminated site restoration field from the world’s leading experts within the academic, regulatory and environmental-consulting communities. Unlike most environmental conferences, RemTEC is focused on cost-effective site management and closure – not just theory and research.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://scienceeducationacademy.com/sea-fall-session-2012/", "date": "2023-03-31T10:10:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949598.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331082653-20230331112653-00042.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9221055507659912, "token_count": 201, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__196906770", "lang": "en", "text": "13 Oct SEA Fall Session 2012\nPosted at 00:00h in Uncategorized 0 Comments\nWe are excited that the 2012 Fall Session will kick off on October 13th! We have a lot of fun projects lined up for this session:\nGRADE 2: Air and Weather\n- Students will learn about the relationship between temperature and weather, properties of air, and how clouds are formed.\nGRADE 3: Rocks and Minerals\n- Students will learn about the properties that determine the difference between rocks and minerals and will discover household items that are made from minerals.\nGRADE 4: Landforms\n- Students will learn about land mapping, the water cycle, stream modeling, and erosion.\nGRADE 5: Chemistry\n- Students will learn about atomic structure, balancing chemical equations, and endothermic and exothermic reactions.\nStay tuned for updates and fun educational resources!\n– Science Education Academy\nSorry, the comment form is closed at this time.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://louvretecusa.com/ProductInfo/Surface-Finishes.html", "date": "2019-10-23T00:02:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987826436.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022232751-20191023020251-00515.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9040787220001221, "token_count": 334, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__18242836", "lang": "en", "text": "LouvreTec’s all aluminum range of opening roofs, sun louvers and shutters are available in three types of finishes.\nPowdercoating is the most readily available and commonly used coating system.\nToday’s new generation of UV resistant finishes are available in a wide range of warrantable standard, metallic and pearlescent colors.\nWarranties range from 5 years to 15 years depending on the specifications and requirements of the installation.\nPowdercoating offers a large color choice, color consistency, protection to the aluminum and easy maintenance. Washing twice yearly with a soft brush and mild detergent is all that is recommended.\nThis unique European designed powder coating system offers a number of fine timber grain finishes.\nAnodising is a tried and proven electromechanical process that produces a smooth hard wearing oxide coating on the aluminum. Thicker coatings of films offer greater corrosion resistance.\nAnodising typically has a deep metallic lustre, the most popular color option being matt natural or silver anodised finish.\nIt is proven as a very durable finish, of which the lifetime is dependent on the density, thickness and seal quality of the anodic film.\nWith regular cleaning, typically clean water with a mild detergent, anodised material will retain its original integrity for no less than 10 years.\nClick here to contact your nearest authorised LouvreTec dealer for additional information, color charts and recommendations.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://blog.ilcapohabits.com/2008/05/potential-risks-of-antioxidants.html", "date": "2017-11-20T00:09:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805881.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119234824-20171120014824-00364.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9274956583976746, "token_count": 134, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__38957265", "lang": "en", "text": "It is believed that different types of antioxidants, when consumed in appropriate amounts, work together to fight free radicals. However, consuming too much or too little of a particular type of antioxidant may inhibit the benefits of other antioxidants.\nAt high levels, some antioxidants such as Carotenoids may be dangerous to a person’s health. Some experts believe that high doses of antioxidant supplements may promote oxidation. Others believe that high doses kill too many free radicals, inhibiting the ability of some to attack harmful bacteria or cancer cells. In addition, there is insufficient research to determine what, if any, long-term effects may occur as the result of taking these supplements.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://nfusemagnesium.com/", "date": "2021-03-05T16:47:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178373095.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210305152710-20210305182710-00322.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8452084064483643, "token_count": 165, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__136192217", "lang": "en", "text": "Made in USA\nThe Real Deal\nThe first and only magnesium deodorant to control odor and deliver a healthy dose of magnesium. Clean. Proven. Patented.\nThe Clear Solution\nFor those who want a stick, we’ve got one that goes on clear and stays clear + as always, we deliver a dose of magnesium for your health. Patent pending.\nSpa in a Bottle\nTreat yourself to the softest skin you’ve ever had (we promise) and a healthy dose of magnesium to calm the body & mind. Patent Pending.\nOur mission is to create products that use magnesium to solve everyday personal care problems and optimize absorption of this critical nutrient.\nWe pledge to use only safe healthy ingredients that you can feel good about putting on yourself and your family.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.wqdisposablefoodpackaging.com/news/polylactic-acid-69313.html", "date": "2023-05-30T14:27:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645810.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530131531-20230530161531-00666.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9383453130722046, "token_count": 615, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__180596967", "lang": "en", "text": "November 11, 2019\nPLA stands for polylactic acid and is a resin made from corn starch. PLA is used to make clear compostable containers and PLA lining is used in cups and containers as an impermeable liner. PLA is biodegradable, and fully compostable. It uses 65 percent less energy to produce than conventional oil-based plastics and generates 68 percent fewer greenhouse gasses and contains no toxins.\nPLA is used as a feedstock material in desktop fused filament fabrication 3D printers (e.g. RepRap). PLA-printed solids can be encased in plaster-like moulding materials, then burned out in a furnace, so that the resulting void can be filled with molten metal. This is known as \"lost PLA casting\", a type of investment casting.\nPLA can degrade into innocuous lactic acid, so it is used as medical implants in the form of anchors, screws, plates, pins, rods, and as a mesh. Depending on the exact type used, it breaks down inside the body within 6 months to 2 years. This gradual degradation is desirable for a support structure, because it gradually transfers the load to the body (e.g. the bone) as that area heals. The strength characteristics of PLA and PLLA implants are well documented.\nPLA can also be used as a decomposable packaging material, either cast, injection-molded, or spun. Cups and bags have been made from this material. In the form of a film, it shrinks upon heating, allowing it to be used in shrink tunnels. It is useful for producing loose-fill packaging, compost bags, food packaging, and disposable tableware. In the form of fibers and nonwoven fabrics, PLA also has many potential uses, for example as upholstery, disposable garments, awnings, feminine hygiene products, and diapers. Thanks to its bio-compatibility and biodegradability, PLA has also found ample interest as a polymeric scaffold for drug delivery purposes.\nRacemic and regular PLLA has a low glass transition temperature, which is undesirable. A stereocomplex of PDLA and PLLA has a higher glass transition temperatures, lending it more mechanical strength. It has a wide range of applications, such as woven shirts (ironability), microwavable trays, hot-fill applications and even engineering plastics (in this case, the stereocomplex is blended with a rubber-like polymer such as ABS). Such blends also have good form stability and visual transparency, making them useful for low-end packaging applications. Pure poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), on the other hand, is the main ingredient in Sculptra, a long-lasting facial volume enhancer, primarily used for treating lipoatrophy of cheeks. Progress in biotechnology has resulted in the development of commercial production of the D enantiomer form, something that was not possible until recently.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.osenc.com/product/osenc-custom-industrial-permanent-speaker-magnets-for-motor/", "date": "2019-04-22T10:58:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578551739.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190422095521-20190422121521-00187.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.909430205821991, "token_count": 242, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__15093034", "lang": "en", "text": "Alnico magnets, composed of primarily aluminum, nickel, and cobalt, were developed in the 1940’s. This class of magnet remains a preferred material because of it’s excellent temperature stability, high magnetic flux density, and resistance to corrosion. Alnico magnets are manufactured through a casting or sintering process. The casting process allows for the magnet to be manufactured into intricate and complex shapes, which are not possible with other magnetic materials.\nAlnico Magnets Overview\nAlnico magnetic material is an alloy of aluminum-nickel-cobalt which possesses an excellent temperature stability and high residual induction. However, its low coercive force limits its applications in many cases. Casting and sintering are two major processes used to manufacture the Alnico magnets.\nExcellent temperature stability\nStrong corrosion resistance\nThe maximum working temperature is up to 500°c\nHigh density and magnetic properties\nShorter production lead time\nTemperature factor of Br is the smallest among all the permanent magnets\nCast Alnico magnets can be produced in relatively complex shapes\nTooling for cast Alnico magnets is relatively low, since sand molds are generally used for the casting process.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://insmed.com/management-team/walter-perkins-ph-d/", "date": "2020-11-26T01:33:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141185851.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126001926-20201126031926-00427.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9664461016654968, "token_count": 217, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__178565558", "lang": "en", "text": "Walter joined Insmed in December 2010 in connection with the business combination between Insmed and Transave. Prior to this, Walter joined Transave in 2002 and served as Chief Technology Officer. Walter has over 25 years’ experience utilizing nanoparticle drug delivery systems for multiple routes of administration including inhalation and has authored 80 scientific publications and U.S. patent applications. Prior to Transave, Walter spent 15 years with The Liposome Company (later a part of Elan Drug Delivery), where he was involved in the design of several lipid-based drug delivery systems, including an artificial lung surfactant formulation, and helped in the characterization, development, and launch of the company’s two commercial products Abelcet® and Myocet®. As part of Elan’s Drug Delivery Division, Walter played a lead role in the implementation of liposome technology in both inter-divisional projects and corporate partnerships. Walter received his bachelor and doctoral degrees in Biophysical Chemistry from the University of Virginia, where he studied liposomes as model membrane systems.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.lab-science.eu/en/network-members/cleantech99/", "date": "2022-10-02T20:11:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337339.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002181356-20221002211356-00285.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8854178190231323, "token_count": 575, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__164629966", "lang": "en", "text": "CleanTech99 is specialised in decontamination, bio-decontamination and high-level disinfection solutions for clean rooms and related controlled atmosphere environments.\nCleanTech99 provides its customers with protocols and equipment that enable them to meet their health requirements optimally through recurrent or more specific interventions (clearances or crisis management).\nCleanTech99’s HyperDryMist® solution was nominated for the Prix Galien 2017 – Scientific rigour, excellence, innovation.\nCleanTech99 has made it its mission to bring innovation to disinfection processes through solutions based on nebulisation..\nFields of expertise :\n- Industry and services,\n- Health institutions (infections and nosocomial diseases in particular),\nHigh level disinfection: the HyperDryMist® solution\nThe solution based on the HyperDryMist® product from 99 Technologies, for which CleanTech99 is the exclusive distributor in France, means you can intervene whenever microbial burden control is needed:\n- Micro-nebulisation of a solution of H2O2 combined with a set of co-formulants (IP),\n- Fully automated disinfection and bio-decontamination process,\n- Disinfection of surfaces, environment and equipment,\n- High level disinfection: preventive cycles up to decontamination > 6-log,\n- System comprising a micro-nebuliser (apparatus generating micro-nebulisation) and a patented disinfectant solution (nebulised biocidal agent).\nDeployment of the HyperDryMist® decontamination solution goes through 3 steps:\n- Test in Vivo in Vitro,\n- Health and ultra-cleanliness (UP) validation,\n- Compliance (AFNOR NF T72 281, USP, EN and P4 Lab) and traceability.\nThe HyperDryMist® solution offered by CleanTech99:\n- eradicates very high levels of contamination,\n- is extremely flexible: decontamination from 2 to 6 logs,\n- offers maintenance disinfection cycles validated in the laboratory,\n- suitable for high level invasion: non-contact disinfection of inaccessible points by manual disinfection,\n- is extremely easy to use,\n- is safe for materials and equipment, very low levels of residues, dry surfaces left after treatment,\n- is transportable, extremely mobile in production plants,\n- has broad spectrum efficiency, tested according to EN standards,\n- is scalable, to disinfect larger surfaces,\n- ensures a high level of safety (disinfectant classified as irritant but non-toxic),\n- shows good profitability.\nWebsite : www.cleantech99.com\nWould you like more information?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.dornbirn-gfc.com/en/sponsors/platin-sponsors/lenzing-ag", "date": "2023-05-28T08:58:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643663.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528083025-20230528113025-00023.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9112425446510315, "token_count": 126, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__211104983", "lang": "en", "text": "The Lenzing GroupINNOVATIVE BY NATURE\nAs a global company in the field of high-performance materials Lenzing transforms CO2 and sunlight into highly functional, emotional and aesthetic products - botanical cellulose fibers with which we supply the global textile and nonwovens industry.\nThe Lenzing Group is the only manufacturer worldwide that produces all three generations of cellulose fibers from wood.\nOur success is based on our consistent customer orientation together with our leadership in innovation, technology and quality. We are committed to the principles of sustainable management and very high environmental standards.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bpharmaceuticals.com/Testosterone_enanthate_10ml_250mg.php", "date": "2024-02-22T10:28:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473738.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222093910-20240222123910-00261.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9100431203842163, "token_count": 219, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__171357007", "lang": "en", "text": "Testosterone enanthate 10ml 250mg\nMolecular Formula: C19H28O2 Molecular Weight: 288.42442 g/mol Testosterone is responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and for the maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics. The drug can affect the growth of the prostate, testis, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum and also is important for body growth. Even though testosterone is an androgenic hormone, it does posses anabolic properties. Its use has been shown to promote protein synthesis and a positive nitrogen balance in the presence of a rich calorie diet. Testosterone also has the ability to cause a mild increase in the production of red blood cells by stimulating the synthesis of EPO from the kidney. This results in an increase in the red blood cells and hence an increase in the oxygen carrying capacity. When testosterone is taken for prolonged periods, it inhibits the release of Gonadotropins from the pituitary gland through a negative feedback mechanism. At large doses, it can even inhibit spermatogenesis.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.littlebupbup.com/product-page/childs-farm-bubble-bath-organic-tangerine", "date": "2021-08-01T19:19:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154219.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801190212-20210801220212-00446.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8399068713188171, "token_count": 368, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__37436115", "lang": "en", "text": "Childs Farm Baby Bedtime Bubbles Organic Tangerine Oil 250ml\nGorgeous smelling Childs Farm bubble bath, will leave your little one clean, moisturised and their skin snuggly soft. Made with organic tangerine oil, you are guaranteed happy skin and fun bath times!\nSuitable for newborn babies upwards. Dermatologist and paediatrician approved, as it's suitable for sensitive skin and safe for people who may be prone to eczema.\nChilds Farm bubble bath, organic tangerine 250ml is registered with The Vegan Society and certified by Cruelty Free International!\nAqua (Water), Sodium Coco-Sulfate,Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Decyl Glucoside, Benzyl Alcohol, Coco-Glucoside, Glycerin, Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid, Parfum (Fragrance), Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate, Limonene, Sucrose Laurate, Lauryl Glucoside, Dehydroacetic Acid, Alcohol, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Peel Oil*, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Citrate, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Sorbic Acid (* Denotes Certified Organic Ingredient). Please check the label before using this product as we may make small ingredient changes\nAdd a generous slug to warm running water and relax or play in fragrant bubbles. If product gets in eyes, rinse well with water. External use only. If irritation occurs wash with copious amounts of water. If irritation continues, stop use. Always patch test. We recommend that you carry out a patch test 24 hours before using any product for the first time.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.graystonecreations.com/water_treatments.shtml", "date": "2014-09-22T18:12:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657137145.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011217-00323-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8850831389427185, "token_count": 701, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-41", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-41__0__190245690", "lang": "en", "text": "|Pond Liner & Underlayment|\n|Pond Kits & Pond |\nFree Waterfall Kits\n|Waterfall Spillways & Pond Free Waterfall Supplies|\n|Pond Installation |\n|Biological Filters &|\n|Pond Care & Maintenance|\n|Aerating Fountains & Fountain Nozzles|\n|Pond Care Water Treatment Products|\n|Lawn and Garden Treatment Products|\n|Large Pond and Lake Management|\n|Fish Care Fish Food|\n|Garden, Pond Decor |\n|Fountain Pumps & Supplies|\n|Garden Fountain Kits and Supplies|\n|Fountain Making Supplies|\n|Viaaqua Pump Replacement Parts|\n|Fountain Building & Consultation|\nOn 11-11 HGTV featured the American Pond Kit on their \"Don't Sweat It\" edition. Across America viewers were able to see the ease of installation and the beauty of a backyard pond using the American Pond system. Thanks America and Thank You HGTV!\nCarbon, when used in an aquarium application, is a form of chemical filtration that is capable of doing a multitude of things. It helps remove odors, discoloration, medications, organics and inorganics from the water by allowing those particles to bond or become trapped by the pores in the carbon. It also helps water clarity by polishing the water, more so then a fine filter pad. The finest of filter pads still have larger pores then carbon, rendering carbon a powerful tool in removing particles at the microscopic level. BUT, be sure to use a filter pad to prevent the carbon from prematurely gunking up.\nTrapping the particles in the pores is called absorption; just like a sponge, it provides a porous surface area for particles to get ‘stuck’ in. One may ask, “If it’s like a sponge, can’t I just rinse it?” There is another process called adsorption; notice a “d” instead of the “b.” This process actually chemically bonds particulates, therefore trapping them in the chemical makeup of your carbon. Particulates that are adsorbedcannot be removed by any conventional standards. Think of it like baking a cake; all of the ingredients are separately added and the outcome is drastically different then a bowl of eggs, milk and other cake batter ingredients. Now think if you wanted to back track while making a cake; you would have to go to a science lab and chemically extract each ingredient and even then, that may not be possible as the protein in the milk may have bonded with the egg whites, and so on. So once your water smells or is becoming discolored; it’s time for new carbon. No matter how much you rinse your carbon, it is effectively useless for chemical filtration once all of the pores are clogged.\nInvesting in a high quality activated carbon will help ensure that your filtration system is performing at its best by providing an ample amount of pores for particles to stick or bond to. Replacing your carbon monthly or when your water begins to yellow or smell, will ensure that your water is healthy. Having trouble telling what color your water is? Try pouring a cup full of water into a clean toilet. Does the toilet water change color? If so, time for new carbon!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.davinciskinclinic.com.au/product-page/brow-tint-rescue-kit", "date": "2020-07-06T07:58:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890157.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706073443-20200706103443-00017.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8436844348907471, "token_count": 673, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__77277781", "lang": "en", "text": "Brow Tint Rescue Kit\nBrow Code Tint Shades:\nAll shades of Brow Code Brow Tint can be mixed together to create a variation of colours:\n• Natural Brown – Very dark and well concealing brown\n• Light Brown – Ideal when applied on light blonde to light brown hair\nYour kit includes enough tint for two to three applications, 2 application brushes, Bodyography Brow pencil in Taupe or Brown to fill in and guiide your application, cotton buds, wipes and a voucher for 50% off a Brow Shape and Tint when we reopen\nPlease ensure you test patch prior to use.\nALLERGIES: There are a small number of individuals who show an allergic reaction to hair colors. In very rare cases this reaction may be severe. In order to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction it is important to carry out a skin sensitivity test. This skin sensitivity test must be carried out 48 hours before each application to ascertain if there is an allergy or sensitivity against the product or if such has emerged since the last application. In exceptional cases irritations can occur only after 72 hours. If you know that hypersensitivity could be on hand, leave the mixture for 72 hours on the skin. Instructions: Mix 1cm of Brow Code Tint with 1 cm of Oxidant 3% liquid or crème . Apply a small amount to a small area on the inner bend of the elbow or behind the ear. Allow to dry and leave uncovered for 48 to 72 hours, then clean thoroughly. If any irritation occurs during this time do not carry out the treatment.\nTint: Aqua, Cetearyl Alcohol, p-Phenylenediamine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Resorcinol, m-Aminiphenol, Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate, p-Aminiphenol, CI77499, CI 77491, CI 77492\nCream Oxidant3% 10vol: Aqua, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ethanol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Sodium Lauryl Supphate, Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate, Phosphoric Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, Disodium Phosphate\nBefore Brow Tinting:\n1. Remove all eye makeup before tinting the eyebrows using our latest technology in Micellar Eye Makeup Remover\n2. In order to achieve the optimum tinting results, the eyebrows should be dry and free of all oils and sebum as this can create a barrier against all Brow Code Tints and it will not adhere to the surface layer of the skin or the hair.\nPreparation of tint:\nImmediately before tinting mix equal parts of Brow Tint and Cream or Liquid Oxidant into a creamy paste using the enclosed application stick. The mixing ratio is 1:1 / equal parts (Generally 4 drops of Cream or Liquid Oxidant is enough to make an even paste)\n1. When the customer has closed the eyes, apply the tint to the eyebrows using the application stick until they are completely covered in tint.\n2. Ensure the tint is directly placed in the shape you are wanting to achieve as it can slightly stain the skin.\n3. Application times vary depending on customer, desired intensity and results achieved between 5 – 12min", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://rareearthsnorway.com/our-project/european-raw-material-alliance", "date": "2024-04-18T10:39:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817206.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418093630-20240418123630-00292.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8692594170570374, "token_count": 112, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__153990969", "lang": "en", "text": "European Raw Material Alliance\nPrioritized by European Raw Materials Alliance\nRare Earths Norway is proud to announce that ERMA – the European Raw Materials Alliance – endorsed us in 2022. https://erma.eu\nERMA is part of the EU-funded European Institute of Innovation and Technology – Raw Materials – EIT RM. https://eitrawmaterials.eu\nThe endorsement recognizes the importance of the Fen REE deposit, which probably is the largest REE resource in Europe, and its significance for the industrial transition from fossil to renewable technologies.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://cbdispeace.com/product/medoil-sleeping-cbd-pills/", "date": "2023-12-10T16:43:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102612.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210155147-20231210185147-00297.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8584097027778625, "token_count": 377, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__109896377", "lang": "en", "text": "Medterra’s Dissolvable Sleep Tablets combine 25mg of CBD with 10mg of melatonin to provide a restful night’s sleep. Our sleep tablets allow the option of using CBD for sleep by allowing the user to place the tablet under the tongue before bedtime and allowing it to dissolve before swallowing. Each tablet is conveniently scored to allow the user to consume half (1/2) of the sleep tablet if they are sensitive to melatonin. Our sleep tablets contain natural spearmint flavoring.\nTablets per Bottle: 30\n0% THC | NON-GMO | MADE IN USA | NO PESTICIDES | LABORATORY TESTED\nGrown and extracted from the USA, our quality CBD is fully compliant under the Kentucky Department of Agricultural Industrial Hemp Pilot Program. Our CBD products are legal and shipped to all 50 states and internationally. All of our CBD products contain 0% THC, guaranteed. Our whole plant CO2 extraction allows us to draw the CBD from the plant material and filter out unnatural substances, maximizing pure CBD concentration. Each and every product that leaves the facility is third-party tested to ensure consistency and quality.\nWe stand by our 30 day money back guarantee if you are unsatisfied with our product.\nOrders placed Monday – Friday will be shipped within 1-2 business days.\nActive Ingredients: 99%+ CBD Isolate, Melatonin\nInactive Ingredients: Avocado Oil Powder, Spearmint, Stevia, D-Mannitol, Xylitol, MCC, Crospovidone, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Anhydrous, Magnesium Stearate, Silica Dioxide\n- Dissolves Quickly\n- Pesticide Free and Non-GMO\n- Take before bedtime\n- Zero THC Guaranteed", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://legacytc.mx/en/destilerias/", "date": "2024-02-22T14:11:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473819.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222125841-20240222155841-00054.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9363828301429749, "token_count": 143, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__72971771", "lang": "en", "text": "All of us who are involved in fermentation have considered taking our activity to the next level: distilling. At Legacy we have designed the right systems for proper and safe distillation of spirits. We can manufacture the equipment for your distillery as you need it, for the volume you require.\nWe have created alliances with the best copper producers from Michoacán to deliver hybrid distillation systems that combine the strength and durability of stainless steel with the malleability, aesthetics and functionality of copper caps, coils and condensers to give you the perfect distillation process.\nWe can manufacture equipment for distilling: mezcal and tequila, whiskey, vodka and gin, and other distillates.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://completesupplements.co.uk/Antarctic-Krill-Oil-Gel-Capsules", "date": "2021-07-30T19:24:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153980.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730185206-20210730215206-00137.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9133196473121643, "token_count": 196, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__58015338", "lang": "en", "text": "A pure source of omega 3 and astaxanthin\nAntarctic Krill Oil (Euphausia superba) is a pure and natural source of high concentration omega 3 oil, the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin, as well as high levels of phospholipids - a fundamental component of human cell membranes.\nKrill oil is used for the same reasons as cod liver oil, flax oil and other omega 3 fatty acids, but is often favoured because it doesn't cause fishy burps or an after-taste - a common side effect of fish oil.\nThe fact that it contains astaxanthin is also unique. The ultimate antioxidant - researchers have found that it may be more powerful than vitamin E, beta-carotene and lutein. It can also enhance the action of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E and C.\n60 capsules (500mg): A pure source of Omega 3 and astaxanthin", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://artesianpools.com/tag/pool-maintenance/", "date": "2024-04-16T16:11:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817103.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416155952-20240416185952-00386.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8918588161468506, "token_count": 794, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__48854806", "lang": "en", "text": "Hey there, fellow pool enthusiast! Maintaining your pool water chemistry is the key to enjoying those sparkling, crystal-clear waters all summer. Don’t worry; with a bit of knowledge and some regular care, you can keep your pool looking inviting and refreshing. Let’s dive into some essential pool water chemistry tips!\n1. Test Your Water Regularly\nThe first rule of thumb is to know what you’re dealing with. Invest in a good quality pool water testing kit. You’ll want to check your water’s pH, chlorine, alkalinity, and calcium hardness levels.\n2. pH Balance\npH measures how acidic or basic your pool water is on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. To keep it comfortable for swimming and to protect your equipment, aim for a pH level between 7.4 and 7.6. If it’s too high, add pH minus; if it’s too low, add pH plus.\n3. Chlorine Levels\nChlorine is your pool’s best friend. It sanitizes the water and keeps it safe. Aim for a chlorine level between 1 and 3 ppm (parts per million). Use chlorine tablets, liquid, or granules to adjust as needed.\n4. Total Alkalinity (TA)\nAlkalinity is a buffer for pH levels. Ideally, keep your TA between 80 and 120 ppm. If it’s too low, use an alkalinity increaser; if it is too high, use pH minus.\n5. Calcium Hardness\nTo protect your pool’s structure and equipment, maintain between 200 and 400 ppm calcium hardness levels. Adjust it as needed with a calcium hardness increaser or a dilution method.\n6. Shock Your Pool\nRegularly shocking your pool with a non-chlorine or chlorine shock treatment helps kill bacteria and break down organic contaminants. Follow the product instructions, especially after heavy pool usage or heavy rainfall.\n7. Circulation and Filtration\nEnsure your pool’s pump and filter work correctly. Proper circulation and filtration help distribute chemicals evenly and remove debris. Clean your filter regularly to ensure optimal performance.\n8. Skimming and Cleaning\nRemove debris like leaves, insects, and dirt from the surface with a skimmer. Vacuum your pool regularly to keep it free from algae and other contaminants affecting water chemistry.\n9. Sunscreen and Swim Gear\nAsk your swimmers to rinse off sunscreen and other products before jumping in. These substances can throw off your pool’s water chemistry.\n10. Keep Records\nCreate a pool water log to track your testing results, chemical additions, and maintenance activities. It’ll help you spot trends and anticipate when adjustments are needed.\nA Clean Pool Means More Fun\nMaintaining proper pool water chemistry is an ongoing process, not a one-time fix. Regularly testing and adjusting your pool water will ensure it stays clear, safe, and ready for a refreshing dip whenever desired. Happy swimming, and enjoy those crystal-clear waters!\nAre you ready to turn your backyard into a personal oasis of relaxation and luxury? Look no further than Artesian Pools! We specialize in crafting custom-built pools that meet and exceed your expectations. Imagine the joy of having a beautifully designed pool, tailored to your unique style and preferences, right in your backyard. With Artesian Pools, you’re not just getting a pool; you’re getting an experience that will enhance your lifestyle and create lasting memories.Contact Artesian Pools today, and let’s start the journey to transform your backyard into a stunning retreat that you, your family, and your friends will cherish for years to come. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to make", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://alchemistcoffeecompany.com/about/packaging/", "date": "2019-11-20T16:33:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670597.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20191120162215-20191120190215-00107.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9558253884315491, "token_count": 575, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__97299165", "lang": "en", "text": "Our brewed coffee is carefully stored in kegs with detailed labeling in the spirit of transparency and quality assurance.\nWhat goes onto our labels?\nOnce picked, coffee cherries are processed in one of two ways. The oldest way, also known as the “natural” or “dry” method, is to allow the cherry to dry in the sun. The fruit ferments and imparts upon the bean unpredictable flavors, which can result in exciting fruitiness in each cup. Although the dry method can lead to a more dynamic taste, it can be unpredictable and inconsistent; in some instances, the fruit rots, leading to beans poor in quality. The second method is the “washed” or “wet” method, which involves soaking the cherries in stainless steel vats for a period of time, allowing them to ferment briefly before they are sent through a wet mill. This removes the fruit before it has a chance to impart significant flavor on the bean, resulting in greater consistency and a “cleaner,” more elegant flavor profile.\nTotal Dissolved Fluids (TDS)\nTDS essentially tells us how strong the coffee is. A regular cup of coffee is composed primarily of water (in addition to anything present in the water during the brewing process) as well as approximately 1.3% to 1.5% coffee bean solubles, such as caffeine. For comparison, an espresso has a high concentration of coffee solubles, reaching generally 7% to 12.5%. Alchemist Draft Coffee has a TDS of 1.45 – right around the upper end of a strong cup of coffee, but not strong enough to give you a headache or to make you dizzy unlike some cold brews.\nMost coffee we drink comes from the species “Coffea Arabica,” and within that species are many varietals which affect the flavor of the cup, such as Bourbon, Typica and Geisha. This is comparable to wine in that all vines are of the species “Vitis Vinifera” which contains varietals such as Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.\nThis number signifies the percentage of each individual coffee bean which has dissolved into the water. 32% of a coffee bean is soluble in water, but the “sweet spot” for the grinder we use at Alchemist is between 20% and 22% for the “Antithesis Blend” and 21% to 24% for our single origin offerings. This “Goldilocks Zone” of extraction produces a brew with a good balance of acidity, aromatics, tannins and sweetness. The coffee is carefully brewed to include all elements that make coffee taste good while avoiding the compounds which induce bitter, sour or astringent flavors.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.pennpress.org/9780812233360/inventing-polymer-science/", "date": "2023-01-27T05:13:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494936.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127033656-20230127063656-00498.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8951679468154907, "token_count": 349, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__220749667", "lang": "en", "text": "Inventing Polymer Science\nStaudinger, Carothers, and the Emergence of Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania Press Anniversary Collection Anniversary Collection\nIt would be difficult to overestimate the importance of polymer science to life in the twentieth century. Developments in polymer chemistry and engineering have led not only to the creation of a variety of substances such as synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, and plastic but also to discoveries about proteins, DNA, and other biological compounds that have revolutionized western medicine. For these reasons, the history of the discipline tells an important story about how both our material and intellectual worlds have come to be as they are.\nYasu Furukawa explores that history by tracing the emergence of macromolecular chemistry, the true beginning of modern polymer science. It is a lively book, given human interest through its focus on the work of two of the central figures in the development of macromolecular chemistry, Hermann Staudinger and Wallace Carothers. In Inventing Polymer Science, Furukawa examines the origins and development of the scientific work of Staudinger and Carothers, illuminates their different styles in research and professional activities, and contrasts the peculiar institutional and social milieux in which they pursued their goals.\n1. Background, 1800-1920\n2. Staudinger and the Macromolecule\n3. Carothers and the Art of Macromolecular Synthesis\n4. Triumph and Struggles of Two Giants\n5. Restoration of the Physicalist Approach\n6. The Legacy of Staudinger and Carothers\nList of Abbreviations", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://red-bag.com/pcc/doc/pipeclass/buildingpc.html", "date": "2017-03-01T20:24:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174276.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00158-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9073238968849182, "token_count": 225, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__161762554", "lang": "en", "text": "The selection of pipe components is mostly determined by the properties of the process fluid. The chemical substance, the pressure and temperature determine the required resistance and strength of the material. Also some external factors such as wind loads can have an influence on the design of the piping and indirectly on the selection of the pipe components.\nThe pipe class is a toolbox for the pipe designer with the approved components for specific process conditions. With these components the designer can build the pipe line.\nThe piping engineer can commence with building the pipe classes when the process (and utility) design is completed. The process design will include the tentative line sizing and the material choice for the pipe systems.The piping engineer will consider the corrosion allowances and tolerance necessary for the overall plant lifecycle.\nThe PCC program allows the piping engineer to select the pipe components based on the information stated above. Easy edit windows make updates of the pipe specification efficient. Copy and paste facilities provide additonal flexibility when building new pipe classes. All the pipe classes are organized in projects, each project can be considered as a complete pipe specification for the respective plant or unit.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://tipstechnews.com/u-s-navy-wants-to-weaponize-slime-to-stop-enemy-ships/", "date": "2020-07-09T00:59:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897844.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709002952-20200709032952-00325.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9548001289367676, "token_count": 562, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__83501014", "lang": "en", "text": "Whether it’s autonomous ships with no crew or ultra-strong underwater glue inspired by mussels, the U.S. Navy has some pretty intriguing research projects. Their latest? Weaponized slime, capable of being fired at enemy vessels to stop them in their tracks.\nThe synthetic slime is being created by a team of researchers at Utah State University, who have been awarded a 15-month Navy contract to carry out the work. It is based on the slime of a real, eel-like creature called a hagfish, which defends itself against would-be attackers by using a jet of slime to fill predators’ mouths and gills with goo. This slime swells up by a factor of several thousand when it comes into contact with sea water.\n“We are attempting to create hagfish thread keratins synthetically,” Justin Jones, an assistant professor in the Department of Biology at Utah State University, told Digital Trends. “Hagfish thread keratins, in their native form, rival spider silk in their mechanical properties. The problem is that farming hagfish for these threads is likely impossible. That necessitates producing the individual proteins that comprise the thread keratin using another host system. We have chosen to produce the proteins in E. coli due to our group’s experience, the economics of scaling the process, as well as the robust amount of protein produced in this system.”\nOnce the slime proteins have been manufactured using modified E. coli bacteria, they will then have to be formed into fibers. For this, the team will rely on their previous experience “wet spinning” spider silk proteins to develop a method for re-creating the hagfish thread keratin fibers. The goal is to create a synthetic fiber comparable to its native counterpart.\nAt present, the U.S. Navy stops boats — such as those it suspects contain smugglers — by firing a plastic rope with a pneumatic launcher, designed to tangle in the boat’s propeller. The hope is that this new method could prove to be safer, more effective, and less likely to injure the occupants of the other vessel.\nBefore you start getting concerned about the possible polluting effects of firing massive amount of slime into the water like an oil spill — yes, they’ve thought of that, too.\n“Hagfish thread keratins are comprised of protein and protein alone,” Jones continued. “Therefore they do not contribute to plastic waste problems in the world’s waterways. With mechanical properties that outperform some petroleum-based polymers, they are an ideal biomaterial to use to deploy in order to stop maritime vessels without causing further pollution.”", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.imebapalma.com/lucky-lips-de-clinica-imeba/?lang=en", "date": "2023-03-24T16:41:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945287.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324144746-20230324174746-00582.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.925011932849884, "token_count": 730, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__244888119", "lang": "en", "text": "AUGMENTATION / CONTOURING OF THE LIPS\nThrough the filling technique or augmentation of the lip volume, full and attractive lips can be achieved, being able to obtain very natural results.\nFilling substances for the lips\nThere are various products to use as a filling substance in a lip augmentation treatment.\nThere are two great classifications:\n- Permanent materials\n- Resorbable materials (disappear after a certain time)\nFor lip augmentation, we don’t use synthetic permanent materials (silicone, polyalkylamide, polyacrylamide) due to a high percentage of the side effects being hard to solve. Within the resorbable products we preferably use hyaluronic acid since up to date it’s been proven to be the one with the least undesired effects, practically none. This is due to an easy application and very good results.\nHyaluronic acid has one disadvantage, it is not permanent, but thanks to the rest of advantages it has become the most used substance by doctors when performing a lip augmentation.\nThe augmentation of the lip volume on a person with fine lips achieves a more youthful aesthetic aspect, there is no need to get to an excessive volume. We all have in mind famous people who got an unreasonably big lip augmentation, but if the amounts injected are moderate, results that are very natural can be achieved.\nThe lip augmentation technique\nFirst anaesthesia is applied to the lips through a local anaesthesia of the nerves that are responsible for the sensitivity of the upper and the lower lip. Once the lips are under anaesthesia, the filling substance is injected with a very fine needle, normally hyaluronic acid. The manufacturers produce hyaluronic acids designed especially for the lips that show different properties than the ones used for filling other body areas.\nThere are several brands of hyaluronic acid on the market: Teosyal®, Juvederm®, Restylane®, Hydryalix®, etc. All of them have specific products for filling the lips with small differences between each of them, but they all show an evidence-based quality and security.\n¿And after the lip augmentation?\nAfter the treatment of lip augmentation it’s normal for a certain inflammation to appear, that’s why the lips will be a bit thicker than what they are supposed to be. After 2 or 3 days the final volume is reached due to the inflammation almost being gone. However, it’s wise to wait around 14 days before assessing the result and determining the need of a retouch to correct asymmetries or in case we want even more volume for the lips.\nThe effect of the volume augmentation of the lips usually lasts, on average, around 1 year. This means that if we want to keep the volume, we need to perform new sessions every year. Nevertheless, the majority of doctors think that it’s much more preferable this way than risking aftermaths like deformities, bumps, inflammations and other reactions of rejection or intolerance that are caused by the use of permanent products. It has been observed that on successive sessions, a lower volume of hyaluronic acid is needed, or what’s the same, the effect lasts longer. It has been observed that on the successive sessions, less volume of hyaluronic acid is needed, or what’s the same, the effect lasts longer.\nPrice: 295€ / 1 vial\n345€ / 1 vial Juvederm", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.philasun.com/beauty/good-synthetic-hair/", "date": "2022-12-06T10:48:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711077.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206092907-20221206122907-00665.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9432567954063416, "token_count": 466, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__89290014", "lang": "en", "text": "BLACK PR WIRE\nCHELMSFORD, Mass.–Whether they bought it or grew it, no one wants to imagine their hair on fire. FRX Polymers developed a flame retardant that can be mixed into synthetic material so it would be less likely to burn if the unimaginable were to happen. They named the flame retardant Nofia. Nofia can be used in many applications including hair fibers in wigs and weaves (hair extensions).\nFRX CEO, Marc Lebel says, “Nofia is a phosphorus-based polymeric flame retardant additive with a most favorable toxicological profile, and unlike competitive liquid and powder-based flame retardants that both tend to migrate out of the plastic over time, Nofia, when it is mixed with the host plastic stays locked in and will not migrate out.”\nTo inform users of synthetic hair about this key ingredient in some synthetic hair fibers, FRX is launching a campaign to highlight the positive aspects of Nofia. Their PR agency, YourPRcompany.com (YPRC), has created a fictional character and named her Tracee A. Jackson, PhD. The edutainment campaign will highlight Nofia in hair fibers and other materials. Tracee Jackson, PhD is a successful, smart, fly girl with a doctorate degree in polymer science and is the CEO of an emerging company that just happens to also be named “FRX Polymers!”\nJ. Abra Degbor, Principal of YPRC, in discussing the character, says “Dr. Jackson is a strong, stylish and sophisticated role model, driven in business to improve the safety of the additives in plastics in general, but in hair fibers initially.” Degbor added, “We intend to encourage positive life themes around education and acquiring the best that life has to offer, while incorporating relevant messages about Nofia flame retardant.”\nThe campaign launched on February 17, 2015 the week leading up to the 2015 Mid-Winter Bronner Bros. International Beauty Show.\nSubscribe to learn more about the work FRX is doing in flame retardant technology through “The Life and Times of Tracee Jackson, PhD” at www.whatisgoodhair.com.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://analytical-separationtechniques.euroscicon.com/2018/ocm/dr-vakhtang-barbakadze-tbilisi-state-medical-university-georgia", "date": "2022-01-27T14:08:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305266.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220127133107-20220127163107-00402.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7781710028648376, "token_count": 186, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__115209657", "lang": "en", "text": "Organizing Committee Member\nHead of Department of Plant Bioploymers, Senior Research Scientist.\nTbilisi State Medical University.\nGraduated from Georgian Polytechnical Institute, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Tbilisi, Georgia. 1974-1978 - Post-graduate student. Zelinsky Instiute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 1978 - Ph.D. (candidate of chemical sciences), Zelinsky Instiute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 1999 - D.Sci. (doctor of biological sciences), Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tbilisi, Georgia.\nChemistry and Biological activity of Natural Products; Plant Polysaccharides; Plant Macromolecules; Pharmacology; Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Compounds.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.huolongguowaijiao.com/services/cleaning-for-oxygen-service/", "date": "2023-06-02T14:42:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648695.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602140602-20230602170602-00773.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9240389466285706, "token_count": 166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__66162335", "lang": "en", "text": "Why Cleaning for Oxygen Service Is Needed\nCleaning for Oxygen Service, sometimes referred to as Oxygen Cleaning, is a method of cleaning contaminants and particulates from process equipment, fittings and piping intended to transport gases or liquids. This service is typically used in the compressed gas, aerospace, military and other high-purity industries in which contiminant-free processing is required.\nOxygen cleaning helps prevent explosions and fires by removing combustible contaminants such as particles, chemicals and residues that contain hydrocarbons that can cause a fire or an explosion in certain environments. Examples of combustible substances include oils, paper, fiber, dust, waste, dirt and sand. Eliminating these materials also reduces friction, which improves performance, extends the life of the part and decreases the potential for combustion.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://kyaserv.com.ar/web/analizador-de-humedad-radwag-pmc/", "date": "2019-08-17T11:00:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027312128.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817102624-20190817124624-00031.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7856967449188232, "token_count": 228, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__200063903", "lang": "en", "text": "Moisture analyzers are measuring devices specially designed for determination of moisture content of relatively small samples of various materials.\nMoisture analyzer PMC enables:\n•easy access due to backlit LCD display\n•drying profile (standard, mild, step, rapid).\n•finish mode (manual, humidity stabilization, automatic, time defined).\n•GLP/GMP printouts and reports\n•standard and non-standard applications\n•optimization of work due to halogen lamps mode\nMaximal capacity of moisture analyzer series PMC ranges from 50 g /1 mg to 210 g/1 mg. Moisture content is measured with accuracy 0,01% (0,001% for samples up to 1,5g). Maximal drying temperature equals 160°C (an extra cost option is moisture analyzer for drying with temperature 250°C).\nEach moisture analyzer is equipped with aluminum weighing pan with dimensions ø 90mm.\nWith a moisture analyzer and a special set it is possible to test permeablitity of water vapour through samples of different materials.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://entertainment.livinglifestyle.club/whats-hot/what-are-the-chemicals-involved-in-the-la-porte-dow-plant-leak-we-asked-an-expert-houston-public-media/", "date": "2021-07-29T09:27:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153854.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20210729074313-20210729104313-00182.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9442791938781738, "token_count": 807, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__190211826", "lang": "en", "text": "On Wednesday, a chemical leak on the Dow Chemical Co. Bayport plant brought about La Porte metropolis officers to evacuate the encircling space, when an over-pressurized tank vented a dangerous chemical known as hydroxyethyl acrylate, or HEA, into the air.\nTo be taught extra in regards to the chemical concerned within the leak — and chemical compounds in surrounding vans and services — Houston Public Media vitality reporter Kyra Buckley spoke with College of Houston chemical engineering professor and Chief Vitality Officer Ramanan Krishnamoorti.\nThis interview has been edited for size and readability.\nWhat are you able to inform me about hydroxyethyl acrylate, or HEA? What is the concern locally?\nSo primarily, in massive quantities, it may influence folks’s respiratory, it may irritate eyes. However long run challenges — similar to carcinogenic or toxicological impacts — are a lot decrease than different sorts of natural molecules. Fortuitously, it’s one thing that’s bought a excessive diploma of attraction for water, so it tends to be washed away comparatively simply in comparison with many different natural compounds.\nWe perceive that they discovered the leak in a tanker truck, and so they’re monitoring to see if the temperature goes up or down in that truck. Why does that matter?\nWhen this materials begins to hitch collectively, these reactions are extremely exothermic — they launch a whole lot of warmth. If that course of begins and progresses, then you possibly can have an explosive response, and this factor can react violently and explode.\nThe truck that the leak got here from is parked subsequent to 2 different tanker vans. One has the identical chemical in it. The opposite one, we perceive, has a chemical known as methyl methacrylate. Are you able to inform me extra about that and if there are considerations about that chemical compound?\nIt’s a compound that’s utilized in Plexiglas. It tends to be, once more, one thing that may irritate folks’s eyes, it may have an effect on your your air passages — however clearly not any important poisonous, toxicological or carcinogenic impacts. Like HEA, methyl methacrylate has the identical tendency of making an explosive response. If it will get extraordinarily sizzling throughout the tanker — greater than 200 levels — then it could possibly be a problem. However underneath most traditional circumstances, it’s unlikely to be a difficulty. They need to try to discover methods to maneuver the opposite vans out of the way in which, as a result of when you get an explosion, issues are uncontrolled and also you don’t know the place you’re going to have the following problem.\nWhat questions would you could have when you bought to take a seat down with a Dow official?\nTo try to determine what the foundation explanation for this accident was. What steps can you set in place that might stop such leaks from occurring sooner or later? And the way do you handle inventories? Is it a good suggestion to have these a number of vans of the identical compound in shut proximity?\nIs such a chemical leak widespread?\nThe protection file of the business — and truly broadly throughout the nation — the protection of chemical compounds being transported has improved. However I feel again 20-to-30 years in the past, this stuff used to occur much more steadily, so definitely issues have improved. However we’ve bought to search out higher methods to handle this, as a result of finally, each time considered one of these leaks occur, there’s much less and fewer religion within the business having the ability to handle what they’re doing, and handle the challenges of transferring very hazardous supplies across the nation.\nSubscribe to At present in Houston\nFill out the shape under to subscribe our new every day editorial e-newsletter from the HPM Newsroom.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://microbiology.biology.upatras.gr/en/protocols/112-determination-of-lipase-activity.html", "date": "2021-06-25T12:45:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487630175.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210625115905-20210625145905-00138.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.936553955078125, "token_count": 234, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__148998064", "lang": "en", "text": "Lipase acts on triacylglycerols and releases fatty acids. Determination of its activity is calculated by titration of free fatty acids.\n- A buffer solution containing Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 50 mM, pH=7, is prepared.\n- Next an olive oil emulsion (40 ml of olive oil are added to 60 ml of gum arabic – emulsifier solution 5%, w/v) is prepared and the mixture is homogenized in laboratory homogenizer.\n- The substrate of the enzyme is composed of 50 ml of olive oil emulsion in 45 ml of buffer solution.\nDetermination of enzymatic activity\n- 0.5 ml of crude enzyme solution is added into 9.5 ml of substrate.\n- The mixture is incubated in a shaker for 1 h at T=28 °C\n- This is followed by titration of the mixture with NaOH solution 50 mM until pH=9\nA unit of activity of lipase is the quantity of the enzyme that releases 1μmole of fatty acids in 1 h at T=28 °C.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://faculty.pku.edu.cn/maoyoudong/zh_CN/lwcg/9715/content/9457.htm", "date": "2024-03-04T08:32:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476432.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304065639-20240304095639-00491.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7988956570625305, "token_count": 490, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__424146", "lang": "en", "text": "Asymmetric Structures and Conformational Plasticity of the Uncleaved Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer\n发表刊物： J. Virol.\n摘要： The functional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)3] is produced by cleavage of a conformationally flexible gp160 precursor. gp160 cleavage or the binding of BMS-806, an entry inhibitor, stabilizes the pretriggered, \"closed\" (state 1) conformation recognized by rarely elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies. Poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs) elicited at high titers during natural infection recognize more \"open\" Env conformations (states 2 and 3) induced by binding the receptor, CD4. We found that BMS-806 treatment and cross-linking decreased the exposure of pNAb epitopes on cell surface gp160; however, after detergent solubilization, cross-linked and BMS-806-treated gp160 sampled non-state-1 conformations that could be recognized by pNAbs. Cryo-electron microscopy of the purified BMS-806-bound gp160 revealed two hitherto unknown asymmetric trimer conformations, providing insights into the allosteric coupling between trimer opening and structural variation in the gp41 HR1N region. The individual protomer structures in the asymmetric gp160 trimers resemble those of other genetically modified or antibody-bound cleaved HIV-1 Env trimers, which have been suggested to assume state-2-like conformations. Asymmetry of the uncleaved Env potentially exposes surfaces of the trimer to pNAbs. To evaluate the effect of stabilizing a state-1-like conformation of the membrane Env precursor, we treated cells expressing wild-type HIV-1 Env with BMS-806. BMS-806 treatment decreased both gp160 cleavage and the addition of complex glycans, implying that gp160 conformational flexibility contributes to the efficiency of these processes. Selective pressure to maintain flexibility in the precursor of functional Env allows the uncleaved Env to sample asymmetric conformations that potentially skew host antibody responses toward pNAbs.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.eazycolours.co.uk/product-page/castor-oil", "date": "2020-07-11T09:06:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655924908.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711064158-20200711094158-00489.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8594379425048828, "token_count": 127, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__220197618", "lang": "en", "text": "This 100% pure and natural oil is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Castor, Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae.\nThis clear, viscous liquid is colourless-pale straw in appearance, and has a slight, characteristic odour.\nFor use in cosmetic products and aromatherapy applications.\nINCI: Ricinus Communis Seed Oil\nContains none of the 26 allergens designated by the EU in European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1233/2009.\nDoes not contain material restricted/prohibited by IFRA and therefore does not require an IFRA statement.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://clearlybalanceddays.com/product/150mg-topical-salve-w-menthol-1-7oz/", "date": "2021-01-16T17:28:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506832.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116165621-20210116195621-00050.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8950890898704529, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__169971797", "lang": "en", "text": "150mg CBD Topical Salve w/Menthol\nNutrient-rich topical formula infused with cooling menthol and 150 mg of CBD.\n• Easy application to target specific areas\n• Absorbs quickly – no oily residue!\n• Broad spectrum, phytocannabinoid rich hemp oil\n• Third party lab tested for potency and quality: zero THC, solvents, pesticides, heavy metals\n• No unnecessary additives\nThis nutrient-rich topical formula is infused with cooling menthol and 150 mg of CBD. The topical application allows you to target specific areas, and the natural ingredients absorb quickly into the skin, leaving no oily residue. We use only the highest quality, phytocannabinoid rich hemp oil, which is sent for third-party testing by our suppliers, and then again by us to ensure potency and quality – our products are guaranteed to contain ZERO solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, or THC. As with all of our products, our salves are formulated using no unnecessary additives – each ingredient is chosen for its contribution to your overall wellness.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://familytacomadentist.com/blog/", "date": "2018-08-17T18:45:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221212768.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817182657-20180817202657-00547.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9392493963241577, "token_count": 490, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__65353658", "lang": "en", "text": "We all know that there are a variety of organic products on the market, ranging from foods to dish soaps to cleaning agents to toothpastes. However, most people don’t really know what organic means, what ingredients are left out of organic products, how they differ from the regular product, and what benefits they can have. So, when it comes to choosing between regular and organic toothpaste, we’ll give you the scoop so you can make a well-informed decision about which toothpaste is right for you and your family!\nWhat Is Organic Toothpaste?\nAccording to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, organic means that a product is, “relating to or derived from living matter.” So an organic toothpaste is made with all-natural ingredients. These ingredients often include mint (a natural breath freshener), spearmint and peppermint oil, which both have antibacterial properties, and a variety of herbs. While regular toothpaste is safe and American Dental Association (ADA) approved, some people choose organic toothpaste because they prefer natural, holistic products that don’t have any manufactured chemicals in them.\nRegular toothpaste contains sodium lauryl sulfate and saccharin. Sodium lauryl sulfate is what makes the toothpaste foam and is known for being a skin irritant for some people. Saccharin is a chemical used to create the sweet flavor of toothpaste, which organic toothpastes can achieve without a man-made ingredient.\nDoes Organic Toothpaste Work?\nIt’s important to note that toothbrushes are actually what do most of the teeth cleaning and toothpaste is for freshening your breath and eliminating bacteria—which organic toothpaste can easily do. If you choose to use organic toothpaste, you’ll still get the same effect as regular toothpaste, so you won’t have to worry about bacteria lingering on your teeth and causing cavities or getting too close to someone when you speak because of bad breath!\nAsk Us for Recommendations!\nWhether you’re looking for a new toothpaste for your family or yourself, it’s important to weigh your options and do some research on which one is right for you. If you have any questions about organic toothpaste, contact our office and one of our knowledgeable team members will be happy to discuss your questions.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://drsarahdavies.co.uk/tests", "date": "2022-08-15T07:45:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00647.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.89077228307724, "token_count": 1645, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__88612442", "lang": "en", "text": "Access to advanced functional testing and interpretation from an experienced Functional Medicine Doctor is one of the real strengths of our clinic. Dr Sarah is an expert in the interpretation of Organic Acids and has lectured for Genova Diagnostics on this topic. Our advanced nutritional and metabolic panels can give real insight into the root causes of chronic illness and allow us to accurately track progress and create bespoke treatment plans.\nDr Sarah is also trained in nutritional Genomics through Lifecode Gx. Understanding genomic causes for dysfunction is often helpful in complex or difficult cases. However, we do not offer genomic interpretation without organic acid screening as we feel it is important to look at the current metabolism alongside underlying genetic predisposition to make informed treatment decisions in this complex and emerging area of medicine.\nHome phlebotomy (UK-based): Arrange to have your bloods taken in advance of your appointment in the comfort of your own home or office. Our partner MSS provide phlebotomy services via a UK-wide network of nurses. Other providers may be recommended in some circumstances.\nAppointments can be cancelled up to 48 hours in advance with no charge. Cancellation with less than 48 hours’ notice or a failure to attend attracts the full fee – £75\nPura are our preferred UK supplier of standard blood tests for our new patient health screens and follow up testing. Offering excellent value and a wide range of laboratory testing, Pura screening panels are offered to all of our new patients.\nPURA kits are stocked in the clinic – if you require delivery to your home then there is an additional fee for P&P (£5). Patients using MSS Remote phlebotomy will not need kits sending out.\nNew Patient Health Screen from PURA – £245: Our New Patient screen is offered to all new patients and is a comprehensive standard panel including:\n- Full blood count, Kidney Function and Liver function\n- Functional Lipid profile\n- Fasting insulin and HbA1c (sensitive diabetes screen)\n- High Sensitivity CRP (sensitive inflammation screen)\n- Active B12 and Total B12, Folate, Advanced iron profile, Vitamin D\n- Coeliac Disease screen\n- Advanced Thyroid profile with Reverse T3\nStandard Thyroid Panel – £55\nThyroid Advanced profile with Reverse T3 – £95\nVitamins and iron – £75\nThyroid with Reverse T3 and Haematinics – £145\nThyroid with Reverse T3 and Haematinics and Vitamin D – £152\nWe have access to all of Genova’s extensive functional testing panels but list those most commonly used in clinic below. The following kits are available in stock in clinic or may be posted directly to your address:\nMetabolomix + Test £285: Urine Organic and amino acids including biomarkers for:\n- Protein digestion and absorption,\n- Yeast and bacterial dysbiosis,\n- Intracellular B Vitamins,\n- Inflammatory markers.\nNutrEval Test £495 (requires centrifugation of blood): Incorporates the Urine results of the Metabolomix test (above), plus\n- Fatty acid evaluation\n- Vitamin D\n- CoEnzyme Q10\n- Minerals and Heavy Metals panels\n- Optional Genomic screening for MTHFR, COMT, TNF-a and APOE (after discussion with Dr Sarah). Additional fee payable for these.\nGI Effects £290 – Comprehensive stool analysis. This test offers valuable insight into digestive function, intestinal inflammation, and the intestinal microbiome.\nLactulose Hydrogen and Methane Breath test (SIBO analysis) £125 – A breath test which captures exhaled hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) gases following patient ingestion of a lactulose solution to evaluate bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine.\nNutrient and Toxic Elements Profile £145 – Evaluates recent toxic element exposure and assesses nutrient mineral status.\nONE Day Hormone Check £240 – A salivary hormone test that evaluates unbound, bioavailable hormone levels over 24 hours. Specimens are examined for levels of estradiol, estrone, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, DHEA, and melatonin.\nMethylation Panel £240 – An innovative test designed to offer insight into the critical biochemical methylation pathway. This includes plasma methylation and genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methylation defects have been associated with many clinical conditions including cancer, autism, ADHD, neural tube defects, cognitive decline, depression, cardiovascular disease, and schizophrenia.\nHomocysteine £55 – Used to assess ‘methylation’ capacity – may be used to monitor therapy in those with previous high levels. High homocysteine levels can contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and dementia.\nWe hold and account with Regenerus and the following tests may be advised for you:\nHair Toxic and Essential Elements £75 – An inexpensive and valuable screen for physiological excess, deficiency or maldistribution of elements. As protein is synthesised in the hair follicle, elements are permanently incorporated into the hair and represent a temporal record of element metabolism and toxic exposure.\nMercury Tri Test £352 – The Mercury Tri Test provides insights into the magnitude and source of mercury exposure and if any additional detoxification support is needed. It is the only clinical test to use speciation analysis to separat methyl mercury (MeHg) from inorganic mercury (Hgll). Both hair and urine values are individually correlated with blood measurements to give an index of excretion.\nLifecode provide both DNA screening and analysis for existing genomic data (such as 23&Me). These useful panels can be used alongside functional testing to determine underlying Genomic contribution to metabolic problems and can help us to target problems with more certainty. Please note, we do not read 23&Me raw data or long genomic datasets as this is simply too time consuming for the clinic. A selection of our most frequently used genomic panels are below. These can be ordered directly from Lifecode:\nDNA Test Kit £99 – This is to collect a sample of cheek cells from which DNA is extracted and analysed.\nMethylation Report £150 – Common genetic variants (SNPs) can impact our natural ability to methylate and thus result in increased susceptibility to chronic health conditions including heart disease, depression, diabetes, chronic fatigue, autoimmune disease, poor foetal development and premature ageing.\nDetoxification Report £150 – The Detoxification report focuses on the key genes and variants involved in regulating Phase I, II and III liver detoxification pathways including those involved in the metabolism of caffeine, alcohol, hormones, neurotransmitters, pesticides and various common pharmaceutical drugs.\nAPOE Report £150 – The E4 form of the APOE gene has been associated with disorders of lipid metabolism (increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels) and increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative conditions such Alzheimer’s disease. Having the APOE 4 version of the gene is one of many risk factors and does not mean you will get any disease associated with it.\nAs well as the labs detailed above, we also work with specialist screens from:\n- MELISA(specialists in metals allergy testing based in Germany).\n- Armin Laboratories (specialists in Lyme Disease and Viral infection screening).\n- Biolab (UK based Functional testing lab offering a wide range of screens).\n- TDL (UK based Private lab with extensive traditional testing which may not be accessible elsewhere).\n- Thriva (Online postal testing open to the public and specialists. Good for patients who wish to track their test results without the input of a clinic or specialist).", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.footlocker.com/category/shoes/adidas/pureboost.html", "date": "2022-09-28T09:56:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335190.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928082743-20220928112743-00164.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.904521107673645, "token_count": 108, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__112105446", "lang": "en", "text": "Showing 1 - 10 of 10 results\nAll About Boost\nFor decades, EVA foam was the industry standard for performance running midsoles. In 2013, though, EVA was flipped on its head by a new player in the industry: adidas Boost technology. Using thermoplastic polyurethane particles that are expanded to form tiny pockets of air, the result is an insanely durable, flexible, and, above all, responsive midsole material that provides unmatched energy return with every stride.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.mville.edu/undergraduate/academics/majors/chemistry/lab-safety.html", "date": "2014-11-29T08:38:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931014329.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155654-00232-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8586090803146362, "token_count": 927, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-49__0__79926347", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemistry laboratories can be hazardous\nif the rules are not followed.\nLearn and observe the safety and laboratory rules!\n- Clothing must cover the body from shoulders down to toes.\nNO shorts, skirts, or cropped pants\nNO tank tops or low-cut tops\nNO bare midriffs\nNO sandals, open-toed shoes, or ballet flats\n- Eye protection is required for all personnel, students, and any visitors present in the lab. You must wear safety glasses/goggles at all times when you are in the lab, even if you are not performing an experiment. Please notify your lab instructor if you wear contact lenses.\n- Long hair and loose clothing must be confined.\n- Gloves are available for your use when needed and must be removed before leaving lab. Do not handle personal items, such as pens, eyeglasses, etc. with the gloves on.\n- Never work alone in the lab.\n- Never perform unauthorized experiments.\n- If you are ever in doubt about equipment use or procedures, ask the instructor.\n- Keep all aisles and workbenches clear of clutter and obstructions.\n- Do not bring food or drinks into the laboratory.\n- Eating, drinking, smoking, taking medicine, and applying cosmetics is forbidden while in the lab.\n- Never pipet liquids by mouth.\n- Notify your instructor in the event of accident, illness, injury, or fire, no matter how minor.\n- Do not attempt to clean up chemical spills on your own; notify your instructor immediately.\n- Be sure to clean the balance after each use.\n- Report broken thermometers and mercury spills to your instructor or a lab assistant.\n- Notify your instructor or a lab assistant if your glassware is cracked or chipped.\n- Make sure that all gas, water, and electrical devices are turned off and that your work area is clean before leaving the laboratory each day.\n- Return all reagents and equipment to their proper place.\n- Wash your hands thoroughly before leaving the laboratory.\n- Know important safety numbers - Campus Safety ext. 888; Health Center ext. 5245; Local Ambulance/Fire/Police 911.\n- Be familiar with the location and operation of the eyewash stations, safety showers, fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and exits.\n- Avoid direct contact with any chemical. Keep chemicals off your hands, face, and clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling any chemical. If chemicals come in contact with skin or clothes, ask for help and flush the contaminated area with copious quantities of water for 15 minutes.\n- If chemicals come in contact with your eyes, ask for help and flush your eyes at the eye wash station for 15 minutes.\n- Never smell, inhale, or taste a hazardous chemical.\n- In case of a fire, evacuate the lab.\n- Read the label before using a chemical. It is also a good idea to consult the manufacturer's or supplier's Safety Data Sheet (SDS). You can access a chemical's SDS online - http://hazard.com/msds/index.php. SDS are also stored in the Chemistry stockroom (BR 118) and with campus safety in Spellman Hall.\n- Emergency response equipment is available in the chemistry stockroom (BR 118), but should only be used by qualified personnel.\n- Recap all reagent bottles immediately after use.\n- Keep all bottles of flammable, poisonous, and corrosive materials closed. Use these materials in the fume hood and with adequate traps.\n- Many organic solvents are highly flammable. Check with your instructor before lighting any flames.\n- Be sure to dispose of waste in its proper place:\n- Broken glass ONLY in appropriately labeled containers.\n- Trash ONLY in trash barrels.\n- Syringes ONLY in *sharps* containers.\n- Solid and liquid waste in properly labeled Hazardous Waste containers. If no such labeled container exists, alert your instructor.\n- Keep waste containers capped when not in use. \"In use\" means that someone is in the act of placing waste into the container.\n- Report problems with the waste containers immediately (overfilling, bad odors, bubbling, smoking, leaking, lack of appropriate labels, etc.)\n- Never pour hazardous chemicals down a sink's drain.\nPlease contact Dr. Christopher Pappas, the campus Director of Laboratory Safety, with any questions or concerns.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.thewinestophawaii.com/twsblogs/corkey-trivia-022008/", "date": "2015-03-28T22:10:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297831.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00092-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9703271389007568, "token_count": 906, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-14__0__155424841", "lang": "en", "text": "Who would have thought that at one time our aluminum beer can could have been worth its weight in gold. Aluminum was only discovered in 1825 despite the fact that aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust.\nIt is very rare in its free form and in the 1800s it was considered a precious metal. At one time, it was as scarce as silver. In the 1800s aluminum jewelry sold for the same price as platinum jewelry. A lump of aluminum occupied a place of honor next to the crown jewels at the Paris Exposition of 1855. In 1884, the aluminum cap that was made for the Washington Monument was exhibited in the window of a Fifth Avenue jeweler, in New York City. Napoleon III entertained guests at his dining table with a set of aluminum forks. In 1852 aluminum sold for $545 a pound. Today it sells for about a dollar a pound.\nHow did this drastic drop in price come to be? In the spring of 1883, Prof. Frank Jewett of Oberlin College in Ohio said to the students in his chemistry class, “If any of you can extract aluminum in commercial quantities,” he said with a smile, “You are sure of a fortune.” A skinny young student, by the name of Charles Martin Hall, sitting in one of the front rows nudged the guy sitting next to him and whispered, “I’m going after that metal!” Three years later, on February 23, 1886, he figured out the commercial process we use today. Two months later Paul Heroult, in Gentilly, France figured out the same process independently. Thus was created the Hall-Heroult process. Charles Hall immediately patented his invention and in 1888 teamed up with financier Alfred E. Hunt to start the Pittsburgh Reduction Company known today as the Aluminum Company of America(ALCOA). By 1914, Charles Hall had brought the cost of aluminum down to 18 cents a pound, so it was no longer considered a precious metal.\nAluminum is produced from bauxite ore which is named after the French village of Les Baux where it was first discovered. An electrolytic process is used in which electricity is passed through a liquid solution causing the aluminum to precipitate out of the solution. The amount of electricity used to create one pound of aluminum would keep a forty watt lamp lit continuously for twelve and a half days. So it takes a substantial amount of energy to make aluminum from rocks. Making cans from bauxite ore(rock) uses 229 BTUs of energy while making cans from recycled aluminum uses only 8 BTUs of energy. The aluminum can recycling process saves 95% of the energy needed to produce aluminum from rocks. So using recycled aluminum is really energy efficient. Today, the average aluminum can contains about 40% recycled aluminum.\nAluminum beer cans have several advantages over steel beer cans. They weigh less than half as much as steel cans; so a six pack of aluminum cans is noticeably lighter than a six pack of steel cans. Aluminum allows the beer to chill faster(a definite plus). Aluminum cans are way more resistant to rust than almost all other industrial metals. They accept flashy colors directly on its surface, so no need for the glued-on paper label which eventually slides off in your cooler and makes the water gummy. Aluminum is one of the most recyclable materials around. Recycled aluminum is very ecologically friendly, very “green”. (That’s one of the reasons why Maui Brewing Company [which you can find at The Wine Stop] uses aluminum cans). And most impressive of all, it is easier to crush, in one bare hand, an aluminum beer can rather than a steel one. All you need is an empty can. I think I’ll start working on that. Cheers!\nCertified Sommelier, General Manager, President Liane was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. She graduated from the Kamehameha Schools in 1977, and worked in the bookkeeping department of Villa Roma, a women’s retail clothing store owned by her mother Audrey Fu, before flying off to college in New York City. She was a physics major at New York University (NYU). In her first semester, she attended a concert that was interpreted for the deaf. She became fascinated by the idea of communication through movement which for her was kind of like hula on steroids.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://crohnsend.com/gutsmart/tag/cbd/", "date": "2016-06-24T23:42:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783391634.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154951-00166-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9426349997520447, "token_count": 697, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-26__0__102951815", "lang": "en", "text": "Posts tagged CBD\nIf you’re suffering from inflammation of the gut, it’s not the THC you want, it’s the CBD.\nThe scientific literature now brims with potential uses for cannabis that extend beyond its well-known abilities to fend off nausea and block pain in people with cancer and AIDS. Cannabis derivatives may combat multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory conditions, the new research finds. Cannabis may even kill cancerous tumors.\nWithin two decades, other researchers had developed synthetic THC to use in pill form.\nThe secrets of how THC worked in the body lay hidden until the late 1980s, when researchers working with rats found that the compound binds to a protein that pops up on the surface of nerve cells. Further tests showed that THC also hooks up with another protein found elsewhere in the body. These receptor proteins were dubbed CB1 and CB2.\nA bigger revelation came in 1992: Mammals make their own compound that binds to, and switches on, the CB1 receptor. Scientists named the compound anandamide. Researchers soon found its counterpart that binds mainly to the CB2 receptor, calling that one 2AG, for 2-arachidonyl glycerol. The body routinely makes these compounds, called endocannabinoids, and sends them into action as needed.\n“THC just mimics the effects of these compounds in our bodies,” Mechoulam says. Although the receptors are abundant, anandamide and 2AG are short-acting compounds, so their effects are fleeting.\nFrom a biological standpoint, smoking pot to get high is like starting up a semitruck just to listen to the radio. There’s a lot more going on.\nMore than a dozen medical trials in the past decade have shown that treatments containing THC (and some that combine THC with another derivative called cannabidiol, or CBD)\nCBD, the same cannabis component that proved beneficial alongside THC for MS, may also work on other hard-to-treat diseases. Tests on cell cultures and lab animals have revealed that CBD fights inflammation and mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC.\nCrohn’s disease, which can lead to chronic pain, diarrhea and ulcerations, could be a fitting target for CBD. In Crohn’s disease, inflammatory proteins damage the intestinal lining, causing leaks that allow bacteria in the gut to spread where they shouldn’t. This spread leads to a vicious cycle that can trigger more inflammation.\nKaren Wright, a pharmacologist at Lancaster University in England, and her colleagues have found that CBD inhibits this inflammation and can reverse the microscopic intestinal leakiness in lab tests of human cells.\nThe results bolster earlier findings by Wright’s team showing that cannabinoids could improve wound healing in intestinal cells.\nCBD’s anti-inflammatory effect may work, at least in some cases, through its antioxidant properties — the ability to soak up highly reactive molecules called free radicals, which cause cell damage.\n“CBD has essentially been bred out of North American black market drug strains,” Russo says. People growing cannabis for its recreational qualities have preferred plants high in THC, so people lighting up for medical purposes, whether to boost appetite in AIDS patients or alleviate cancer pain, may be missing a valuable cannabis component.Read more at www.sciencenews.org", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://resources.houstonplasticproducts.com/blog/thermoset-vs-thermoplastic-which-resin-is-right-for-you", "date": "2024-04-12T10:41:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296815919.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412101354-20240412131354-00293.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9143026471138, "token_count": 687, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__34856320", "lang": "en", "text": "HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT RESIN\nWe’ve said it before, materials matter. Selecting the best resin for your plastic manufacturing project is critical, especially when your finished components are meant to withstand extreme heat, pressure, or other harsh conditions. So how do you know which type of resin is appropriate for your application? Join us for thermoset vs thermoplastic: a comprehensive examination of the distinctions between resins. Gain valuable insights into their respective properties and applications, empowering you to make informed decisions for your projects.\nThermoset vs Thermoplastic: What’s the Difference?\nThermosets and thermoplastics are two separate classes of plastic materials that differ in their properties, product applications, and the methods used to manufacture them.\nA thermoset is any plastic material that cures once it’s hardened by heat. Thermosets are usually stored in liquid form, but once they’re hardened/cured, they can’t be reshaped (even under extreme heat).\nA thermoplastic is any plastic material with a relatively low melting point that becomes molten when heated and solid when cooled. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics are generally stored in pellet form. The curing process is fully reversible so that they can be re-melted and re-molded after cooling. Thermoplastic materials are generally more cost-effective, as they’re produced in larger volumes and are easier to process.\nChoosing the Right Resin for a Range of Applications\nThermosets are appropriate for high-performance applications where strength, impact resistance, and heat resistance are critical. They’re ideal for electronic, automotive, chemical processing, and other potentially harsh applications. You’re unlikely to find single-use products made with thermoset resins. They are usually produced using reaction injection molding or resin transfer molding instead of standard injection molding methods.\nOn the other hand, thermoplastics are perfect for injection molding. Thermoplastic resins like polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are highly versatile and appropriate for a wide range of medical, industrial, consumer, and energy industry applications. While thermoplastics are not as heat-resistant as thermosets, they are still thermally stable, durable, and high-impact-resistant.\nRecyclability and Sustainability\nThere is a winner in the thermoset vs thermoplastic sustainability battle. Thermosets can’t be recycled, but thermoplastics can. Thermoplastics are currently the more environmentally-friendly manufacturing choice because they produce fewer toxic fumes than thermosets and can be re-melted and re-shaped with little to no impact on material properties. However, chemists at MIT have recently developed a way to modify thermoset plastics that allows them to be more easily broken down.\nAt Houston Plastic Products, we have nearly 60 years of experience manufacturing injection-molded parts for more than 15 industries. We’re happy to collaborate with you to find the best resin and the optimal design for your end-to-end plastics manufacturing needs. Contact us today so we can start molding your vision.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.vikingcompletions.com/copy-of-copy-of-copy-of-sub-page1", "date": "2018-01-23T17:53:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084892059.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123171440-20180123191440-00197.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9179677963256836, "token_count": 169, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__183423981", "lang": "en", "text": "Our range of in-house designed chemical injection valves allow the injection of chemicals at any point in the tubing string while overcoming the pressure and temperature effects of the well. The injection mandrel is installed as an integral part of the tubing with the dual check valve assembly, connected to the injection line, is mounted on the outside of the mandrel. The check valve cartridge incorporates a dual valve system (for redundancy) and a burst disc to protect the valves while running in hole.\nChemical injection valves have been designed and supplied to cover tubing ranges from 2-3/8” top 7” with pressures up to 15,000 psi and temperatures up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit, and injection points into the production/injection tubing or the annulus. A wide range of material is available to suit reservoir conditions, including extremely sour environments.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://kacexpress.com/understanding-the-impact-of-refrigerant-type-on-ac-efficiency/", "date": "2024-04-21T07:32:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421071342-20240421101342-00611.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9067630767822266, "token_count": 927, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__152353630", "lang": "en", "text": "Where temperatures often soar beyond comfort, an efficiently running air conditioning system is not just a luxury but a necessity. However, many homeowners overlook a critical component that directly impacts AC efficiency: the type of refrigerant used. In this comprehensive guide brought to you by KAC Express, we delve deep into the significance of refrigerant types and their implications on your AC’s performance, energy consumption, environmental impact, and your overall comfort. Whether you’re considering AC repair in Spring, TX, understanding refrigerants is paramount.\nRefrigerants are the lifeblood of air conditioning systems, responsible for absorbing heat from indoor air and releasing it outside. Over the years, different types of refrigerants have been used in AC units, each with its unique properties and environmental impacts.\nIn the past, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were commonly used as refrigerants due to their excellent thermodynamic properties. However, these compounds were found to be detrimental to the ozone layer and were phased out under the Montreal Protocol.\nTransition to HFCs:\nHydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emerged as the primary alternative to CFCs and HCFCs. While HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they are potent greenhouse gases with high global warming potential (GWP). Common HFCs used in AC systems include R-410A and R-134a.\nThe Rise of Low-GWP Refrigerants:\nIn recent years, concerns about climate change have led to efforts to phase out HFCs in favor of low-GWP alternatives. These alternatives, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrocarbons, offer similar or better performance than HFCs with significantly lower environmental impact.\nImpact on AC Efficiency: The choice of refrigerant has a profound impact on the efficiency of an air conditioning system. Here’s how different refrigerants influence AC performance:\n- Energy Efficiency: The thermodynamic properties of refrigerants determine their energy efficiency. Refrigerants with higher latent heat of vaporization and lower boiling points can absorb more heat per unit of volume, leading to improved cooling efficiency.\n- Coefficient of Performance (COP): COP is a measure of the cooling output of an AC system relative to the energy input. Refrigerants with higher COP values allow for more efficient cooling, resulting in lower energy consumption and operating costs.\n- System Design and Compatibility: The choice of refrigerant also affects the design and components of the AC system. Some refrigerants may require modifications to the compressor, condenser, and other components to ensure optimal performance and compatibility.\n- Environmental Impact: Perhaps the most significant consideration in refrigerant selection is its environmental impact. While HFCs have been widely used in the past, their high GWP makes them unsustainable in the long run. Low-GWP refrigerants offer a more environmentally friendly alternative without compromising performance.\nChoosing the Right Refrigerant for Your AC:\n- Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the refrigerant you choose complies with current regulations and environmental standards. As regulations evolve, it’s essential to future-proof your AC system by opting for low-GWP refrigerants.\n- Performance and Efficiency: Evaluate the thermodynamic properties and performance characteristics of different refrigerants to determine which one best suits your cooling needs. Look for refrigerants with high energy efficiency and COP values to minimize operating costs.\n- Long-Term Sustainability: Consider the long-term sustainability of the refrigerant in terms of its environmental impact and availability. Low-GWP alternatives offer a more sustainable solution that aligns with global efforts to combat climate change.\n- Manufacturer Recommendations: Consult with HVAC professionals or manufacturers like KAC Express to understand their recommendations for refrigerant selection. They can provide valuable insights based on their experience and expertise in the field.\nConclusion: In the quest for optimal AC efficiency, the choice of refrigerant plays a pivotal role. By understanding the impact of different refrigerants on performance, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability, you can make informed decisions that maximize comfort while minimizing costs and environmental footprint. At KAC Express, we’re committed to helping our customers in Spring, TX, achieve peak AC performance with sustainable refrigerant solutions. Contact us today to learn more about our AC repair and maintenance services tailored to your needs.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://avocato.tech/2021/06/09/new-shipping-material-can-replace-polystyrene-peanuts-with-compressed-popcorn/", "date": "2021-06-24T03:35:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488550571.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624015641-20210624045641-00217.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9442868232727051, "token_count": 525, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__21187120", "lang": "en", "text": "In a stroke of scientific genius, a German researcher enjoying a box of popcorn in a dark movie theater realized that the overpriced, butter-soaked concession had the exact same size and consistency as Styrofoam packing peanuts.\nConsidering the polystyrene-based latter takes centuries to break down into yet smaller bits of harmful microplastic, and requires fossil fuel extraction to manufacture, Alireza Kharazipour thought it was worth experimenting with puffed corn kernels as a replacement for them.\nPolystyrene is one of the most enduring synthetic materials humans have developed. It has enabled packaging to take on very precise forms and provides excellent packing safety for fragile electronics on the move while costing pennies to manufacture. However, along with being among the least biodegradable plastics, many recycling facilities don’t even have the capabilities for processing it.\nTaking corn waste products produced from making corn flakes, then filling them with steam creates what Kharazipour and his team at Gottingen University call “granulated popcorn.”\n“The products are very light because popcorn granules are filled with air like honeycombs,” Kharazipour tells Fast Company. “When grain maize expands into popcorn, the volume increases by 15% to 20%.”\nThe popcorn packing can be made from any type of corn, and is completely biodegradable. Large pieces can be compressed into shapes to hold different products, and can be easily sawed into pieces, either for cutting into precise shapes, or for shredding at the end of its life.\nAround 3 million tons of polystyrene, (which is a lot considering it’s 95% air) are produced in the U.S. every year, mostly for things like takeaway drink and meal containers. The brilliance of Kharazipour’s idea has landed him an exclusive licensing agreement with a medium-sized grain and cereal company in Europe called Nordgetreide for manufacturing various popcorn packing products.\nStefan Schult, Managing Director of Nordgetreide, states: “Each and every day we pollute our Earth with an ever increasing amount of plastic waste that will be a burden on our eco-system for thousands of years. Our popcorn packaging is a great sustainable alternative to polystyrene which is derived from petroleum.” That’s hopeful news indeed.\nSHARE the Good Green News With Friends on Social Media…\n#Shipping #Material #Replace #Polystyrene #Peanuts #Compressed #Popcorn", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.lucinebiotech.com/turkey-tryptophan-and-testosterone/", "date": "2017-06-29T02:00:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323842.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629015021-20170629035021-00329.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9357644319534302, "token_count": 453, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__93542666", "lang": "en", "text": "I wanted a little alliteration for the title of this week’s blog post and so turkey and tryptophan were naturals. Little did I know, testosterone was associated with this Thanksgiving Day tradition.\nWe all know about the Turkey-tryptophan connection. Turkey contains high levels of the amino acid, tryptophan, the precursor for serotonin, and melatonin, the sleep hormone. Many have speculated that by ingesting high quantities of turkey on Thanksgiving, we increase our serotonin levels and hence, our ability to relax. It is more likely, however, that we increase our sleepiness quotient by increasing melatonin. Or as others suggest, perhaps we just eat too many carbs and throw our bodies in insulin overload, which then elicits sleep.\nUnbeknownst to me, prior to writing this article was the connection between turkey and testosterone. Eating turkey, especially one that is organically grown, increases testosterone concentrations. There is a feedback loop, however. Too much tryptophan decreases testosterone, at least in male rats.\nInterestingly, diets high in estrone (the estrogen precursor to estradiol), not only do not show the same benefits of post-turkey day increased tryptophan and serotonin, there is marked decrease in niacin levels (vitamin B3). Naturally higher circulating concentrations of estrone in women may be what predisposes us to vitamin B deficiencies and whole host of other conditions.\nPerhaps even more interesting, eating non-organic turkey appears to decrease testosterone and increases the concentration of circulating estrogens (further slanting our odds of vitamin B deficiency). Researchers and organic food advocates suggests the increased estrone and estradiol concentrations observed in those who eat commercially grown poultry are linked to the many hormone supplements used by today’s food producers. Though evidence is limited, given the overwhelming use of endocrine disruptors throughout our food chain, this association is certainly plausible and merits additional investigation.\nAs we approach Thanksgiving, food for thought: how food affects hormone health. If any of our followers in the blogosphere have an interest and expertise in the connection between food and hormones, we would welcome your blog posts.\nHappy Thanksgiving Lucine Women.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.lazyaholeranch.com/product/cherry-blossom-soap/", "date": "2022-05-16T05:13:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662509990.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516041337-20220516071337-00292.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.929194450378418, "token_count": 332, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__266905862", "lang": "en", "text": "I love Cherry Blossom Soap!\nThis delightful floral fragrance always makes me think of spring. I like to keep a bar of cherry blossom soap in the shower shortly after the start of the year to remind me that spring isn’t too much further away. In Japan, there is a tradition to picnic underneath the cherry blossom trees. Many poets have written about sitting under the trees in the moonlight with cascades of cherry blossom petals raining down around them. I don’t know about you, but that sounds like a lovely evening!\nWhat’s in Cherry Blossom Soap?\nIngredients are as follows:\n- Olive Oil Pomace/Rice Bran Oil blend\n- Palm Oil\n- Coconut Oil\n- Avocado Oil\n- Palm Kernel Oil Flakes\n- Cherry Blossom Fragrance Oil\n- sodium hydroxide for the chemical reaction to make soap\nWe recommend that you use a draining soap dish with any handmade soap. Because a draining soap dish will give your bar of soap the opportunity to dry out between uses. This way you bar of soap will last much longer. Have you ever noticed that the bar of soap sitting in the puddle of water in your shower has become soft and mushy? When you’re soap is sitting in water, it is slowly dissolving.\nLooking for more?\nIf you like Cherry Blossom Soap, you might want to try our Orange Blossom Soap as well!\nYou can also follow us on Instagram and Facebook!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.phladvisor.com/question/how-to-clean-computer-screen/", "date": "2019-04-23T10:03:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578596571.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423094921-20190423120921-00378.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8994643092155457, "token_count": 285, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__165771057", "lang": "en", "text": "If you are looking around on how to clean a computer screen, you can use a homemade cleaning agent other than purchasing a cleaning solution. It is easy to make and is very effective. What you will need are clean distilled water (avoid tap water as they contain a lot of minerals which can damage the screen which may cause computer screen getting discolored) and white vinegar.\nBefore you begin, wipe the computer with a clean dry cloth to remove the dust particles from the screen.\nStart by adding a 50% white vinegar and 50% distilled water mixture.\nClean computer screen using that solution.\nIf you find that the cleaning agent is not strong enough you may add more white vinegar to the solution.\nNOTE: Things to remember while cleaning the computer screen.\n- Make sure the monitor or the computer is POWERED OFF before you clean.\n- Avoid directly applying the solution to the screen such as using a spray, wet the cloth with the solution and clean the screen.\n- Do not use any liquid on the computer screen.\n- Do not use hard cloth.\n- Do not use any object or your fingernails to remove stubborn stains on the screen.\n- Always use a soft, lint-free cloth (do not use paper towels, Dishtowels or Facial tissues)\n- Use a solution of distilled water and mild soap if required to remove stubborn stains.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://qualityfoils.com/faqs.php", "date": "2018-02-22T10:33:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814101.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222101209-20180222121209-00522.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9044030904769897, "token_count": 3143, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__108977847", "lang": "en", "text": "Introduction to Stainless Steel\nWhat is Stainless Steel?\nStainless steel is a generic term for a group of corrosion resistant steels containing minimum of 10.5% of chromium. Varying additions of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium and other elements may be present. The mechanical properties and behaviour in service of the various types depends upon their composition, and hence careful selection of the most appropriate type is vital to success in any application.\nTypes of Stainless Steel\nThere are five basic categories of stainless steel – Austenitic, Ferritic, Duplex, Martensitic and Precipitation Hardening. The austenitic grades are non-magnetic and in addition to chromium, typically at the 18% level, contain nickel (which improves fabrication and corrosion resistance) and are the most widely used group of stainless steels. The ferritic grades are magnetic, have a low carbon content and contain chromium as the main element, typically at the 13% and 17% levels. Duplex stainless steels have a mixed ferritic/austenitic structure. Chromium content varies from 18-28% and nickel from 4.5-8%. Duplex grades find application particularly where chlorides are present. The martensitic grades are magnetic containing typically 12% chromium and a moderate carbon content; are hardenable by quenching and tempering like plain carbon steels and find application mainly in cutlery manufacture, aerospace and general engineering. Precipitation hardening steels have chromium content at 17% typically with additions of nickel, copper and niobium. Precipitation hardening stainless steels have a minimum of 17% chromium and contain other elements that can provide strengthening through a precipitation hardening mechanism. They are capable of achieving very high strengths with proof stresses ranging in the 1000 - 1500 Mpa range depending on the type and the actual heat treatment.\nAustenitic and ferritic grades account for approximately of stainless steel applications.\nAll stainless steels have a high resistance to corrosion. This remarkable resistance to attack is due to the naturally occurring chromium-rich oxide film present on the surface of the steel. Although extremely thin, this invisible, inert film is tightly adherent to the metal and extremely protective in a wide range of corrosion media. The film is rapidly self-repairing in the presence of oxygen and damage by abrasion, cutting or machining is instantaneously repaired.\nIn general the corrosion resistance of stainless steels improves as the chromium content increases. The addition of nickel raises corrosion resistance making these steels suitable for more aggressive conditions. The addition of molybdenum to the austenitic, terrific and duplex grades improves pitting corrosion resistance and produces the most resistant grades in these categories.\nThe lower alloyed ferritics are limited to mildly corrosive environment, often being used in less demanding applications.\nSuperior corrosion resistance and ease of cleaning results in widespread use of austenitic stainless steels in food and beverage equipment. Austenitic grades are also highly resistant to the wide range of rural and industrial atmospheres, resulting in extensive use in architectural and structural applications. Resistance to attack by acids, alkalis and other chemicals, has led to a wide use in the chemical and process plant industries.\nBoth ferritic and austenitic stainless steels are often found in household products.\nMaintenance will usually involve simple cleaning methods to provide a clean, bright, attractive finish and lone service life.\nSelection of the correct grade and finish is very important to obtain the corrosion resistance required. Aggressive corrosive media can necessitate the use of one of the more highly alloyed stainless steel grades.\nThe ferritic stainless steels can be welded in thin sections, but advice should be sought in welding practices. The austenitic and duplex stainless steels are readily welded by the full variety of welding techniques. Welding practices that incorporate high heat input and slow cooling rates, particularly on thick sections; can impair corrosion resistance adjacent to welds. To overcome this titanium stabilised grades and low carbon (L) grades have been developed. Brazing and soldering can be carried out successfully with light sections.\nThere is a wide range of stainless steels with other attractive properties to complement their corrosion resistance? the austenitic steels provide an example, Most austenitic grades have excellent formability and impact strength. The common grades can be used up to around 600°C or slightly higher if scaling resistance is the only consideration. More highly alloyed grades can raise this temperature appreciably with many furnaces using higher chromium and nickel grades up to 1100°C. They perform well at cryogenic temperatures, retaining excellent ductility and impact properties. Cold working and forming processes considerably increase the strength and hardness of austenitic grades, a property exploited in springs and structural components. The addition of nitrogen to austenitic and duplex grades increases strength and hardness which are retained after welding or heat treatment. Selection of the correct grade is thus important to give the best combination of properties for the application.\nStainless steel grades have designations derived from various sources. “18/8” or “l8/10” for instance is a non-technical description often seen describing grade 304 or its equivalents.\na. AISI three digit designations such as 304 or 316 are now the most widely used system, being adopted, sometimes with minor variations by Standards bodies. Japan, Britain and Australia. They are also used in ASTM specifications which tend to be used, or at le understood in almost every country. The system proven durable, but inadequate to cope with new alloys. Extra letters designate alloy variants, such as 304L, 316LN or 310S.\nb. UNS numbers address the inadequacies of the AI system. One letter (\"S\" for wrought stainless steels, for cast) plus five digits based on the AISI numb Grade 304 is UNS S30400, 304L is S30403 and 304H is S30409. Grade 904L is officially classified as a nickel based alloy hence designated UNS N08904.\nc. European designations originated as German Werkstoff Numbers (eg 1.4301 for Grade 304) or DIN grade designations leg X5CrNi 189 for 304). Similar descriptive designations were used in other European countries. These are now incorporated in “Euronorm” specifications which replace national specification throughout the European Union.\nd. Proprietary designations have often been given alloys by their original manufacturer. Standard designations are later added when alloys are widely accepted, but the proprietary designations often persist. Examples are \"253 MA\" which is an Avesta Sheffi trademark (UNS equivalent is S30815) and \"SAF2304” (which is a Sandvik trademark (UNS equivalent S32304).\ne. Cast alloys are often loosely referred to by equivalent wrought designations, but a cast \"304\" has different composition and properties. The section on Castings gives further details.\nAlloying Elements in Stainless Steel\nStainless steel is a steel to which a minimum 10.5% chromium and other alloying elements are added. The addition of different elements influences the mechanical, physical and corrosion resistant properties of stainless steel. Listed below is a summary of the effects of the most important alloying elements.\nIn most stainless steels carbon (C) is kept to low levels, typically 0.05% C, or 0.03% C in the low carbon \"L\" grades and other stainless steels used for fabricated components in thicker sections. However, in martensitic stainless steels C is the alloying element added, in amounts varying from 0.15% - 1.2% C, to render these steels heat treatable by quenching and tempering to develop high strength and hardness levels.\nA minimum of 10.5% Chromium (Cr) is needed in stainless steel, at which level a continuous, stable and inert (passive) chromium oxide film forms on the surface, producing resistance to corrosion, both wet (aqueous) and dry (gaseous). Higher levels of Cr (up to about 26% Cr) further increase corrosion resistance.\nNickel (Ni), if added to stainless in sufficient quantity, develops a fully austenitic crystal structure, hence austenitic stainless steels, as typified by grade 304 (18% Cr 8% Ni). Lower levels of Ni, insufficient to develop a fully austenitic crystal structure, can result in a duplex (mixed) crystal structure of ferrite and austenite (found in duplex stainless steels).\nMolybdenum (Mo) enhances the properties of the passive surface film, and renders stainless steels which contain it more corrosion resistant, particularly to pitting in chloride environments. The higher the Mo content the more aggressive the corrosive conditions that can be handled (eg grade 316 with 2% Mo and grade S31254 with 6% Mo).\nTitanium (Ti) is added to produce stabilised grades such as 321. Titanium is a strong carbide former and preferentially forms Ti carbides obstructing the formation of Cr carbides. This activity prevents intergranular corrosion occurring in the region adjacent to welds.\nManganese (Mn) like Ni promotes the formation of an austenitic crystal structure. In the 200 series austenitic stainless steels Mn is used to partially replace Ni. Min is also increased to slightly higher levels than normal in the free machining grades of stainless steel to which sulphur (S) or selenium (Se) have been added.\nSulphur (S) is normally kept to very low levels, typically 0.03% maximum, but in practice much lower. If increased to around 0.2% S (as in grade 303) the machinability, of the steel is improved, but the fabricational, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties are impaired.\nNiobium & Tantalum\nNiobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta) are stabilising elements with effects similar to Ti. Grades incorporating Nb and Ta are seldom used, the Ti stabilised grades being preferred. However, Nb is used for the manufacture of welding consumables (grade 347 in both electrodes and i1ler wire), as Ti tends to be lost in transfer across the arc.\nNitrogen (N) promotes an austenitic crystal structure, and is used to complement Ni in the \"N\" grades of austenitic stainless steels. The yield strength of such grades at subzero temperatures is vastly improved. N is also used in duplex stainless steels (eg S31803) to increase the austenitic fraction of the crystal structure. improving weldability.\nSilicon (Si) is added to improve the scaling resistance of austenitc heat resistant stainless steels (such as 314 and S30815). In castings higher Si content increases the fluidity of the molten metal improving the \"castability\" and high Si GMAW (MIG) welding wire is usual as the Si promotes washing and wetting behaviour.\nUseful Facts About Stainless Steel\nConditions Which Favour Use of Stainless Steel\nKey Considerations in Working Stainless Steels\n- Corrosive Environments\n- Very low (cryogenic) temperatures — prevents brittleness\n- High temperatures — prevents scale maintains strength\n- High strength vs mass\n- Hygienic conditions required — easy cleanability\n- Aesthetic appearance — no rust, thus no paint necessary\n- No contamination — prevents catalytic reactions\n- Discharge slideability from hoppers\n- Wet abrasion resistance\n- Non-magnetic properties of austenitic grades\n- Know the material: this improves decision making, avoids problems and saves costs.\n- Know the grade of material: Connect material selection is vital risk taking is costly.\n- Know the design: Good design ensures savings for fabricator and user.\n- Know surface finishes: Good finishes perform wall look good and promote sales.\n- Know your supplier\n- Apply good housekeeping: Good housekeeping saves rectification costs.\n- Apply accurate identification: Lost identity can prove costly.\n- Apply production planning: Planning saves costs and promotes quality\nAll stainless steels have a much lower conductivity than that of carbon (mild) steel (plain chromium grades approximately ¼). This must be borne in mind for any operation which involves high temperature, e.g. effects during welding (control of heat input), longer times required for heating to attain a uniform temperature for hot working.\nPlain chromium grades have an expansion coefficient similar to carbon (mild) steels, but that of the austenitic grades is about one and a half times higher. The combination of high expansion and low thermal conductivity means that precautions must be taken to avoid adverse effects, e.g. during welding use low heat input dissipate heat by use of copper backing bars and use adequate jigging. This factor must also be considered in components which use a mixture of materials, e.g. a heat exchanger with a mild steel shell and austenitic grade tubes.\nStainless steels rely on a very thin surface passive film for their corrosion resistance. It is vital to maintain and preserve the integrity of the passive film.\n- Avoid mechanical damage and contamination.\n- Repair any affected areas (e.g. high temperature scale adjacent to a weld, mechanically damaged or ground areas, contaminated areas), by passivation only or by both pickling and passivation\n- Ensure a constant and sufficient availability of oxygen at the surface of the stainless steel\nStainless steels have a tendency to gall, pick-up or seize. To avoid this take precautions such as:\nStainless Steel — High Quality, but NOT indestructible\n- For surfaces experiencing relative motion - minimise the load, ensure no heat build up, keep free of grit or contaminants, use lubricants or surface coatings.\n- On threaded components the threads must have a high degree of surface finish, components should have an intermediate to free fit. avoid over?torque and contamination of the threads.\nDO store away from carbon steels.\nDO use storage racks and handling equipment protected by: plastic, dry timber, felt, etc., which will not mark the surface of the steel or permit contact with carbon steel.\nDO handle with care and avoid damage to the product’s shape.\nDO use clean gloves\nWHEN supplied on product, keep the protective plastic or strippable coating intact as long as possible?it helps prevent damage in the period between delivery and final installation.\nDON'T allow contact with carbon or other steels, especially use of tools or equipment used on carbon steel.\nDON'T walk on the steel.\nDON'T scratch the steel.\nDON'T allow contact with foreign substances, e.g. fingerprints, oil, grease.\nDON'T expose protective coatings, when applied to the steel, to direct sunlight unless special UV resistant marks are on the coating.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://alternative.tips/app/chemdraw/", "date": "2023-09-23T01:09:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00670.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9070916771888733, "token_count": 423, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__96480422", "lang": "en", "text": "What is ChemDraw?\nChemDraw is a powerful software tool that allows scientists and researchers to communicate complex chemical structures, biological pathways, and models using a natural language approach. It is widely used in the field of chemistry and related disciplines to create accurate and visually appealing representations of molecules and reactions.\nCreating Chemical Structures\nWith ChemDraw, users can easily draw chemical structures by simply clicking and dragging atoms and bonds onto the canvas. The software provides a wide range of tools and features to ensure accuracy and precision in creating these structures. Users can choose from a vast library of chemical templates, atoms, and bonds, making it easy to represent even the most complex molecules.\nVisualizing Biological Pathways\nChemDraw goes beyond just chemical structures and allows users to visualize and represent biological pathways. This feature is particularly useful in fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology, where understanding the interactions between molecules and pathways is crucial. Users can easily create diagrams and models that depict the flow of information and molecules within a biological system.\nModeling and Simulating Reactions\nAnother powerful aspect of ChemDraw is its ability to model and simulate chemical reactions. Users can input the reactants and conditions, and the software will generate a step-by-step representation of the reaction process. This feature is invaluable in predicting the outcome of reactions and understanding the underlying mechanisms.\nCollaboration and Sharing\nChemDraw also offers collaboration and sharing capabilities, allowing researchers to work together on projects and easily share their work with others. Users can export their drawings and models in various formats, making it compatible with other software and platforms. This promotes seamless collaboration and enhances the exchange of ideas and findings within the scientific community.\nIn summary, ChemDraw is a versatile and essential tool for scientists and researchers in the field of chemistry. Its ability to communicate complex chemical structures, visualize biological pathways, and model reactions makes it an invaluable asset in various scientific disciplines. By providing an intuitive and user-friendly interface, ChemDraw empowers scientists to effectively convey their ideas and findings, ultimately advancing the understanding and knowledge in the field of chemistry.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.clevelandseniors.com/health/dermaadc4.htm", "date": "2024-02-26T18:23:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474661.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226162136-20240226192136-00489.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.925308346748352, "token_count": 882, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__88666860", "lang": "en", "text": "Q. Can I use the sunscreen I bought last summer, or do I need to purchase a new bottle each year? Does it lose strength?\nA. Unless indicated by an expiration date, the FDA requires that all sunscreens be stable and at their original strength for at least three years.\nWhile you can use the sunscreen that you bought last summer, keep in mind that if you are using the appropriate amount, a bottle of sunscreen should not last you very long.\nApproximately one ounce of sunscreen, enough to fill a shot glass, is considered the amount needed to cover the exposed areas of the body properly.\nQ. What is the difference between UVA and UVB light wavelengths and will a sunscreen protect me from both?\nA. Sunlight consists of two types of harmful rays - UVA rays and UVB rays.\nThe UVB rays are the sun's burning rays (which are blocked by window glass) and are the primary cause of sunburn and skin cancer.\nUVA rays (which pass through window glass) penetrate deeper into the dermis, or base layer of the skin. They also contribute to sunburns and skin cancer.\nBoth UVA and UVB rays can cause suppression of the immune system which helps to protect you against the development and spread of skin cancer.\nSince PABA and PABA esters only protect against UVB light, check for a broad-spectrum sunscreen that also screens UVA rays.\nIngredients like benzophenones, oxybenzone, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and avobenzone (Parsol 1789), extend the coverage beyond the UVB range and into the UVA range, helping to make sunscreens broad-spectrum.\nQ. What is an SPF?\nA. SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor.\nSunscreens are rated or classified by the strength of their SPF. The SPF numbers on the packaging can range from as low as 2 to greater than 50. These numbers refer to the product's ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays.\nThe sunscreen SPF rating is calculated by comparing the amount of time needed to produce a sunburn on sunscreen protected skin to the amount of time needed to cause a sunburn on unprotected skin.\nFor example, if a sunscreen is rated SPF 2 and a fair-skinned person who would normally turn red after ten minutes of exposure in the sun uses it, it would take twenty minutes of exposure for the skin to turn red.\nA sunscreen with an SPF of 15 would allow that person to multiply that initial burning time by 15, which means it would take 15 times longer to burn, or 150 minutes.\nDermatologists strongly recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or greater year-round for all skin types.\nQ. Does SPF 30 have twice as much sun protection as SPF 15?\nA. SPF protection does not actually increase proportionately with a designated SPF number.\nIn higher SPFs, such as an SPF of 30, 97 percent of sunburning rays are absorbed, while an SPF of 15 indicates 93 percent absorption and an SPF of 2 equals 50 percent absorption.\nRecent research suggests that high SPF sunscreens are an appropriate choice for very sun sensitive individuals (skin types I and II). One study determined that skin protected by an SPF 15 sunscreen and then exposed to 15 times the minimum dose of sunlight normally required to cause redness produced 2.5 times the number of sunburn cells seen in SPF 30 protected skin with the same dose of sunlight.\nThese results suggest that prevention of redness does not necessarily mean prevention of all sun-induced damage. More research is currently underway on the protective effects of sunscreens on different skin types.\nQ. Does the SPF tell how well a sunscreen protects against UVA or UVB rays?\nA. The SPF number on sunscreens only reflects the product's screening ability for UVB rays.\nAt present, there is no FDA-approved rating system that identifies UVA protection. Scientists are working to create a standardized testing system to measure UVA protection.\nBack to Top of Page\nSunscreen - Part 3\nBack to Dermatology", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.raoils.com/products/radiance-pink-mask", "date": "2020-01-25T18:12:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251678287.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125161753-20200125190753-00255.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8665748834609985, "token_count": 262, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__136465870", "lang": "en", "text": "radiance clay mask\nA powerful detoxing pink clay mask with pure rosehip extract and antioxidant green tea to exfoliate and regenerate, leaving the skin silky smooth and with a beautiful healthy glow. The delicate clay has firming and toning elements that improve the overall texture of the skin providing lasting hydration.\nRosehips is recognised as having one of the highest concentrations of vitamin-C (ascorbic acid), with up to 60 times the vitamin-C of citrus fruit. You might feel a little tingle sensation due to the high amount of vitamin-C.\nFor maximum effect, leave the facemask on for 15 minutes and finish by wetting your hands and exfoliating the skin with the mask. Rinse off with warm water, ideally in the shower.\nPerfect for skin in need of some extra love and care.\nIngredients: Kaolin (australian pink clay) powder, Rosa canina (rosehip,rose rubignosa) extract, Camellia sinensis (green tea) extract. Contains essential fatty acids and minerals, vitamins A- C and E.\nAgainst animal testing.\nKeep away from children.\nNot for internal use.\nUse within 36 months after opening.\nLovingly blended by hand in Iceland.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://vaftech.com.au/uncategorized/thermal-compounds-explained-master/", "date": "2023-12-06T10:13:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00641.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9594978094100952, "token_count": 1056, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__180886427", "lang": "en", "text": "Confused about thermal compounds? There are many variants, but we only use Artic’s compounds, with Arctic Silver 5 being our preferred choice. However, AS5’s little brother, Ceramique, is a cheaper alternative with similar performance. The difference in performance is explained in this Overclockers post by an Arctic guru:\nIf we were to send 100 of you AS5 and Ceramique, I would expect that 65 to 75 would get the lowest temps with AS5 and 25 to 35 would get the lowest temps with Ceramique.\nThe contact areas of every CPU and heatsink are different. Some are flat, some are concave to one extent or another, and some are convex to one extent or another. Some surfaces are very smooth, others are slightly irregular and some are rough. The pressure applied to the thermal interface joint varies from heatsink to heatsink both in total and in evenness across the surface.\nAll these variables affect how well a certain thermal compound works on a given CPU and heatsink. There is much more to the real-world performance of a thermal interface than the bulk thermal conductivity of the compound. How well the compound wets or comes into intimate contact with the mating surfaces is also very important. If Compound A has twice the thermal conductivity of Compound B, but Compound B wets 90% of the mating surfaces while Compound A only wets 40%, Compound B with its lower thermal conductivity, but better wetting, will perform better if the bond line thickness is the same.\nAnd that is the third compound factor affecting real-world performance; bond line thickness. How well is the compound able to squeeze out of the gap and allow as much physical contact as possible between the CPU and heatsink. If a compound spaces the heatsink away from the CPU, the performance could be worse than a compound with lower conductivity and less wetting that forms a much thinner bond line.\nWith regard to AS5 and Ceramique, AS5 has much higher thermal conductivity, but Ceramique is a bit better at surface wetting and forming a minimum bond line. Which combination of compound factors is most critical in your system depends on the characteristics of the interface gap noted above. Are the mating surfaces smooth or rough? Are they flat, concave or convex? How much pressure is there on the interface and is the pressure even?\nIf one of you were to bring your system to our lab, we could develop a compound that would work better on it than any of our retail compounds. But since that compound would be tweaked for the specific characteristics of your CPU to heatsink interface, it will probably perform much worse for some other systems where the thermal joint has different characteristics.\nOur retail products have to perform well on the widest range of systems. On a scale of 1 to 100, it is much better to have a product perform in the 70 to 85 range on almost every system than that to have one that performs at the 95 range on some systems, but in the 35 range on others.\nThis is why you will continue to see posts where Ceramique performs better than AS5. On some systems it will. But on more systems, the AS5 will perform better. If Ceramique performs better than AS5 on your system then keep using Ceramique. Just be aware that the rankings may well change should you use a different heatsink or different CPU.\nAlso keep in mind that the break-in on AS5 is much longer than with Ceramique and the temperature drop can be more dramatic. I have seen systems where Ceramique was better after a week, but by six weeks, AS5 passed it and gave lower temperatures. Most of thermal compound break-in can be traced back to surface wetting and bond line thickness, the two factors where Ceramique has some advantage over AS5 right out of the gate. Since the silver particles in AS5 are much heavier than the fillers in Ceramique, it takes more time and more thermal cycling for AS5 to fully flaunt its superior thermal conductivity.\nAfter saying all of this, I want to mention that Ceramique should never beat AS5 by the 6C noted in the first post of this thread. Since both the idle temperature and full-load temperature both dropped by at least 5C, I suspect that this new board is measuring temperatures about 4C to 5C lower than the old board. Since the rise in temperature across a thermal joint is proportional to the power, the difference between the compounds would be less at idle than it is at full load if all you were seeing was the compound change. If JudgeDredd had changed compounds without changing the motherboard, he probably would have seen no change at idle and 1C at load or possibly 1C at idle and 2C at load.\nArctic Silver, Inc.\nSourced from – http://www.overclockers.com/forums/showthread.php/385314-Artic-Ceramique-6C-less-under-load?p=3677469#post3677469", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://tavvakitchen.com/collections/stainless-steel-containers/products/tavva-earth", "date": "2024-04-24T22:27:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00732.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9210858345031738, "token_count": 1035, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__58852290", "lang": "en", "text": "Are these containers lined with Tritan?\nNo, the Tavva containers are made from uncoated 18/8 food grade stainless steel and are plastic-free. Since stainless steel is non-reactive, containers made from this material don’t leak and don’t have to be lined. Also, the silicone lid is plastic free and very flexible.\nIs the silicone lid 100% food grade and totally without any toxic fillers?\nTavva containers are 100% plastic-free, crafted from high-quality, food-grade stainless steel topped with food-grade silicone lids. Because it does not contain plastic, our product is free of all estrogen-mimicking chemicals, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), phthalates, and bisphenol-S (BPS).\nAre the lids easy to open for kids?\nYes, they’re very flexible silicone.\nCan you use these to freeze food?\nIf you do use them in the freezer, make sure you don’t fill them up to the top, especially when you put liquids in. We all know that liquids expand when they freeze and how an aluminum can will swell up in the freezer. You don’t want that to happen to your nice stainless container, so we recommend leaving about an inch of space for expansion. Also, be careful when taking it out because skin will freeze to frozen metal and that's no fun.\nHow do I wash my stainless steel food containers?\nWith hot soapy water and detergent - or in the dishwasher! Do not use bleach, harsh chemicals, abrasive cleansers or pads. With proper care and cleaning, your stainless steel lunchboxes may be used for years and years to come.\nDoes stainless steel corrode or stain?\nStainless steel is a material that is used extensively in the kitchen due to its general resilience against things like heat and corrosion, along with a pretty good level of stain resistance.\nUsually, the chromium within stainless steel reacts to oxygen in the air and forms a protective film, preventing problems like rust and reducing the risk of permanent marks. With gentle care and regular cleaning, stainless steel will often last for many years and resist developing rust or stains!\nHowever, while stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion, it's not completely impervious.\nIf it’s treated with harsh chemicals, like bleach, or its surface is coated with grease or dirt and not regularly cleaned, the stainless steel is more vulnerable to corrosion and wear. Regular gentle cleaning is required to preserve the appearance and integrity of its surface. In fact, stainless steel actually thrives with frequent cleaning, and, unlike some other materials, it is impossible to \"wear out\" stainless steel by excessive cleaning.\nCleaning Tips & Tricks for Stainless Steel\n- Wash by hand or in the dishwasher with detergent will clean stainless steel safely and thoroughly. Follow with a hot water rinse.\n- To remove food stuck to your container:\n- Soak the container in warm soapy water and then clean with hot soapy sponge.\n- For more stubborn cases, a Nylon non-abrasive pad with detergent should be adequate for dealing with most deposits.\n- Another gentle but tough approach to removing deposits and stains is to use a baking soda paste. Simply mix a tablespoon of soda with a little water into a thick paste. Coat the problem area and leave for half an hour. Then rub with a damp cloth, rinse and dry.\n- Please note: Water with a high mineral content tends to leave water spots, so in this case, it is recommended you wipe the surface completely dry with a clean, dry cloth.\nNo Bleach... and Other No-nos\n- Bleach will stain and damage stainless steel, do not use cleaning sprays or solutions that contain bleach.\n- Never use steel wool or steel brushes. They will scratch the surface of your stainless steel and make it more susceptible to rusting and staining.\n- Abrasive cleaners will scratch the surface and should always be avoided.\n- Dirty water and cleaning solutions can leave a residue that can stain and damage the surface, so don’t forget to rinse and dry.\n- Long-term exposure to table salt and salt and vinegar mixes can damage stainless steel.\n- In order to reduce chance of staining, do not allow the following acidic food items to remain on stainless steel surfaces for hours: ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, lemon juice, vinegar, salt, and salad dressing.\nAre the silicone lids dishwasher safe?\nThe silicone lids used in our collection are dishwasher safe. They can also be hand washed. Avoid harsh chemicals like bleach.\nIn case of food odors, wash the lids with a paste made from baking soda and water. Simply mix a tablespoon of soda with a little water into a thick paste. Coat the problem area and leave for half an hour. Then rub with a damp cloth, rinse and dry.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.designforminc.com/uab-chemistry", "date": "2024-02-26T21:21:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474663.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226194006-20240226224006-00042.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.930243968963623, "token_count": 185, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__210471588", "lang": "en", "text": "UAB 3RD FLOOR\nThe Designform team began the project with a comprehensive program validation that led to the complete demolition and re-design of the existing undergraduate chemistry labs.\nThe 22,631-square-foot project includes General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biological, Analytical / Physical teaching laboratories with support space and a Computational Chemistry lab. The design team worked closely with the department’s faculty and administration to incorporate the latest teaching and research methodologies as well as new equipment into the design.\nCommon areas are designed to facilitate student interaction and offer views into the labs for visitors and prospective students. During construction, the mechanical system was re-designed to connect to the UAB campus chilled water system while maintaining an active system for the first and second floors.\nOther systems modifications included fume hoods, acid waste, new laboratory casework, ambient lighting and audio / visual equipment.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://exstax.com/products/all-products/", "date": "2023-09-24T19:50:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924191454-20230924221454-00713.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8763642311096191, "token_count": 243, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__202287108", "lang": "en", "text": "All STAX cartridges are safe, effective, and consistently dosed cannabis products that DO NOT contain artificial flavors or cutting agents of any kind. (including vitamin E acetate). We exclusively use our proprietary and patent-pending STAK’D technology that is 3rd party tested and verified free of heavy metals, ensuring the highest quality components for maximum compatibility with all our products.\nOur Live Rosin is a solventless full-spectrum concentrate derived from freshly frozen whole plant cannabis. The end result provides consumers with the experience of the full aroma and flavor offered from high quality cannabis plants.\nOur Live Resin concentrates are derived from the highest quality whole plant cannabis that is meticulously harvested and immediately frozen before extraction. This ensures maximum terpene and cannabinoid retention and is unrivaled in taste, potency and effect.\nRequest EXSTAX at Your Local Dispensary!\nKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS 21 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER. MEDICAL CANNABIS IS FOR USE BY CERTIFIED PATIENTS ONLY.\n© 2022 EXSTAX LLC. All Rights Reserved. | Terms & Conditions", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.nudiejeans.com/sustainability/chemicals/", "date": "2020-06-07T00:55:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348521325.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606222233-20200607012233-00267.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.95895916223526, "token_count": 569, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__173646830", "lang": "en", "text": "Our challenge is to reduce the use of harmful chemicals and to increase the use of better chemicals.\nWe recognize that chemicals are needed in the production of textiles, but our challenge is to reduce the use of harmful chemicals and to increase the use of better chemicals. This is a big challenge, but in 2018 we have taken steps in the right direction.\nWe only work with suppliers with approved wastewater systems, as chemicals released with waste water are a large source of chemical pollution. Nudie Jeans requires all of its suppliers, whether production is outside or within Europe, to comply with European legislation and regulations on chemicals. All Nudie Jeans suppliers must sign and follow our code of conduct including our Restricted Substance List (RSL). Our RSL is based on the European chemical legislation REACH, but with stricter limitations for many of the listed chemicals.\nNudie Jeans’ RSL is in line with the best practices within the textile industry and legislation in our production countries outside the EU. Each season, we conduct random chemical testing to check that the requirements of the RSL are upheld for our production. The Chemical Policy and RSL form our basic requirements, and we continuously communicate with our suppliers about the chemicals used, as well as the handling and storage of the chemicals. It is high important for the suppliers to provide their employees with the right personal protective equipment (PPE), and also to offer training to increase awareness and knowledge of how to use PPE correctly and why it is important.\nWe only work with suppliers with approved wastewater systems, as chemicals released with waste water are a large source of chemical pollution.\nWater and Energy\nTextile and garment manufacturing is an energy intensive industry. Nudie Jeans’ energy impact, as the seller and indirect producer, reaches all the way to the growing of the raw material throughout the chain of production through the end of life of the garment. Our ability to influence the impact differs depending on the stage of production or user phase, and we acknowledge that our business creates the largest part of its energy consumption outside of our own organization. So far, we have not yet had the possibility to collect energy or water consumption data from our full production chain. We are working with engaged suppliers that value sustainability and invest in energy and water saving technologies.\nOne example is the Save Blue concept developed by our main fabric supplier Bossa where around 55% of water is saved during the dyeing process. Another good example is our Indian supplier Armstrong Knitting Mill, which covers 100% of their energy with wind and solar power, and more and more suppliers in our supply chain are switching to renewable energy sources. We follow all our suppliers’ developments with interest and aspire to gather more precise data for both energy and water consumption for our production in the coming years.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://midnightsunbrewing.com/beers/big-school-words/", "date": "2024-04-15T03:40:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816939.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415014252-20240415044252-00354.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8795442581176758, "token_count": 273, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__44843558", "lang": "en", "text": "Malt: Two Row, Flaked Oats, Flaked Wheat, White Wheat, Malted Oats, Dextrin Malt\nHops: Mosaic, Motueka, Simcoe, Cascade, Saaz\nABV: 7% ABV\nBiotransformation! Thiolized! Big School Words! This new hazy IPA is full of big flavors and aromatics! Starting in the mash tun, we mash hopped with Cascade and Saaz hops. This technique is called mash hopping and when applied in the brewing process, helps convert thiol precursors into a form that makes it possible for fermentation to generate rich, tropical aromas. We then added in Simcoe and Motueka hops to the whirlpool, to maximize aromatics and minimize bitterness. Fermenting with Omega Yeast Cosmic Punch Ale, this strain aides in generating thiols through biotransformation, releasing tropical aromas. Biotransformation of hops is a process by which yeast change less desirable hop compounds into more desirable bold flavors and aromas. Thiols are highly impactful aroma compounds that evoke grapefruit, passion fruit, and guava. Once fermentation was rocking, we did two dry hop additions of Mosaic, Simcoe, and Motueka hops, further adding juicy, tropcial aromatics.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dermandlaser.com/blog/why-opt-for-minerals-instead/", "date": "2018-05-23T05:23:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865450.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523043959-20180523063959-00060.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9440931081771851, "token_count": 374, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__162221559", "lang": "en", "text": "Why opt for minerals instead?\n- You can test this at home: True, 100% mineral makeup will also sit on top of water. Grab a glass of water, tap a small amount of your makeup in and see if it starts to sink.\n4. Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide are two main components in mineral makeup. You’ve heard us mention these two before as they are also two of the most effective physical blockers for sun protection. As a third added bonus (1. sunscreen, 2. makeup coverage), zinc is an antioxidant which helps protect your skin from free radical damage, and titanium dioxide has a high light refractive property – higher than that of a diamond – which helps bolster a luminous, glowing skin tone.\nIn general, mineral makeup is really taking you back to the basics. With it’s history dating back to ancient times (Cleopatra didn’t have liquid eye liner, she opted for kohl instead!), advances in formulation and the refining of minerals has helped set mineral lines above many conventional brands. With the added benefits of antioxidants and sunscreen, mineral makeup can work as an extension of your skin care regimen as well.\nNow we don’t want you to think all non-mineral makeup lines are the enemy and you should stay away from them – that is far from the case! Our goal is to make sure you have all the facts when you visit the makeup counter so you can make an informed decision. If you are considering mineral makeup, we do caution you check the ingredients as not all mineral makeup lines are 100% mineral based. Still not sure if your choice is 100% mineral? Ask a sample and try the water test at home.\nDo you have a favorite mineral makeup line? Join the discussion on our Facebook page to tell us your experiences and favorite tips!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.youmagnificentbastards.com/2014/02/resin-casting-bases.html", "date": "2017-04-28T19:57:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123048.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00642-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9604111909866333, "token_count": 1588, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__237083028", "lang": "en", "text": "I recently ventured into resin casting some bases for my new High Elf army and many asked if I would document the process. So keep reading past the break and we'll dive right into it!\nFirst off, let's talk about safety. I didn't read up and educate myself before getting started. As such I exposed myself to the fumes the resin gives off when curing.\nThis shit is poison.\nWait not that kind of Poison.\nPlease, Please, Please read the label and all of the warnings BEFORE you start with these products. Know what you are getting into and how you could be affecting the people in your house.\nWork in a well ventilated space\nWear a Respirator at a minimum\nWear rubber gloves at a minimum\nAfter doing some research some of these guys wear full suits when casting. There are all types of resin though and some are far nastier than the type of stuff you would be using.\nOne warning I read from a forum that scared the bajesus out of me which I confirmed via some government documentation I found online.\nthe dangerous compound in polyurethane resin is called isocyanate. it is colorless odorless and extremely hazardous. it can be absorbed by breathing it in and also through contact with the skin.\nIt will not kill you and the danger is not an acute one. it is a cumulative effect. When it is absorbed it gets into your blood and stays their - it NEVER goes away. continued exposure increases the amount in your system. it has no ill effect until it reaches a critical mass in your system ( different for everyone. When you notice its effects its too late - nothing can be done. The effects usually manifest as symptoms similar to pneumonia I believe. This is known as 'sensitivity' and when it manifests it results in an intolerance to polyurethane plastics. You cannot be in their vicinity without manifesting symptoms to which their is no remedy. There is a lot of polyurethane & polyurethane blends in our lives. Sensitivity makes life extremely difficult.\nYou can not be too careful. You have been warned.\nThere is a reason the guys who make and sell resin cast bases charge what they do. And this is it. They are handling toxic product. The process isn't even remotely hard but it is dangerous. As such, once this project is completed I won't be doing any more resin casting. It's just not worth the risk and other people live in my gaming space - adversely affecting them in any way would just about kill me.\nSorry all - had to be done. Now back to our regularly scheduled programming.\nStep 1 - Create the originals\nI created bases using - MDF bases, cork, stamped sculpey, green stuff, and sand. I did superglue my sand to the base (I always do). This may be important though because I noticed on the de-molding that the mold took a few pieces of the vine and sand anyway. White glue may not be enough to keep your materials on your bases. Just means more work cleaning out the mold. I made 10 infantry bases and 6 Cav bases to supply my army.\nStep 2 - Prepare the originals for molding\nYou will want to ensure you are working on a level surface. I first arranged the bases in a manner that looked appropriate. You want them close together with smallish gaps in between to reduce mold material waste. Once I was happy with the arrangement I put a little superglue on each of the corners of the underside of the base. I glued them to a clean piece of Sheet Styrene I got at my local train store. You can also find this stuff online. Popular brand names are Plastruct / Evergreen. Basically any smooth, flat surface would work that you don't care too much about. (*Probably a bad idea to do this on the dining room table bro!!!)\nI then created a lego frame (don't tell my kid I used his legos plz) to create a retaining wall for the molding material. I did not superglue the lego frame to the styrene. Once it was located in the proper position I secured it in place with blue tac and then used the hot glue gun to run a bead of glue around the outside perimeter where it meets the styrene. I did not want to ruin the legos (and I did not!!).\nStep 3 - Make the Mold\nThe next step is to mix the molding material and pour it in. This is a two-part molding material. I used what I had on hand (from a starter kit) which is a product from Smooth-On. They have a ton of online resources and youtube videos as well. We used something called OOMO also for casting the minions. I really like this stuff as you don't need to mess with release agents at any stage of the process.\nMix it up and pour it in. I did a thin coat and used some small glue applicators I have on hand to push it into all the recesses and then poured the rest. You want to ensure you are a good bit over your highest point. I had used the lego to help me figure out how high I had to pour. I then let it cure a good 12 hours. (My work surface is not level - something I didn't realize til after the cast).\nStep 4 - De-molding\nAfter letting it cure for 12 hours I came down to de-mold. I first removed the lego frame. Then I slowly peeled back 1 corner of the mold. Ya have to kind of finagle it and it really is only something you can feel but it is really obvious. Take your time. Go slow. Once you have all the originals out I went to work trimming the edges of the mold and cleaning out any sand / vines the mold \"swallowed\".\nStep 5 - Casting\nNow with the mold created I set about to create my first bases. Again using what came in my starter kit I followed the directions on the box and mixed up the 2 part resin material.\nAfter you mix up the resin, slowly pour it into the mold. I did my best to try and fill each base to create level bottoms but it was nigh impossible. It didn't help that my mold was not level since my work surface is not level! LOL! After pouring you need something to help you remove any air bubbles from each individual pocket. The more detail the more little hiding spots for bubbles. I used these which are quite honestly one of my new favorite hobby tools.\nLet the resin cure. It takes about 10-15 minutes. Looks pretty cool while it is happening too!\nStep 6 - Remove the casts\nThe next step is simply to remove the cast pieces from the molds. They often need trimmed and most likely the bottoms will need sanded to get them level. Please note - sanding / drilling / cutting resin creates resin dust which is as harmful to your health as is inhaling the fumes the resin creates while curing. Please take adequate precautions!!! Wear a mask. I plan to wet-sand my bases underwater to minimize dust. I will be wearing rubber gloves, long sleeves and a respirator.\nStep 7 - Profit\nI was very happy with the level of detail captured. You can see the sand grains and the HE jewel I added to the base is an exact replica of that part.\nIn 3 hours time I was able to cast my mold 8 times creating 80 infantry bases and 8 cav bases!!!\nGood luck to you if you choose to head down this path. Please note all the safety precautions. It's just not worth doing any harm to yourself.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.dubib.com/news/30384_gpca-announces-the-establishment-of-a-memorandum-of-understanding-with-the-society-of-plastics-engineers", "date": "2013-05-24T01:37:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00087-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9385507106781006, "token_count": 578, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__65872463", "lang": "en", "text": "GPCA announces the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding with the Society of Plastics Engineers\nKuwait, June 12, 2012: The Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemical Association (GPCA) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) to launch an industry and community education campaign to improve understanding of the plastics sector.\nThe MoU was signed in Dubai by Dr. Abdulwahab Al-Sadoun, Secretary General of the GPCA, and SPE President Jim Griffing.\nThe cooperation is aimed at highlighting the socio-economic benefits of the plastics industry and achieving a wider understanding of the plastics industry more generally.\n“The GPCA and SPE believe in the importance of plastics and their positive contribution to society, which includes job creation and skills development across the Arabian Gulf Region,” said Dr. Abdulwahab Al-Sadoun. “The region’s most important export is oil and gas, and by bolstering the plastics industry through training and knowledge transfer, we will maximize the value of this crucial export.”\nVarious initiatives will see the two organizations reach out to local communities to highlight the opportunities the plastics industry offers, as well as the Gulf’s emergence as a global hub for the plastics sector. With the Middle East industry seeing 8.5 per cent annual growth, conditions are right for the local plastics industry to experience further rapid development, Dr. Al-Sadoun said.\nThe educational campaign will also challenge common misperceptions of plastics, in particular those relating to its environmental impact.\n“Many plastics are completely recyclable with a much lower carbon footprint than other products widely considered more sustainable. Yet low awareness of the environmental performance of plastics is proving a barrier to acceptance,” said Dr. Al-Sadoun.\nUtilizing the GPCA’s extensive Middle Eastern network, the two organizations will share information and best practices with plastics companies to help develop the region as a knowledge centre. SPE will also work with the GPCA to stage technical conferences and workshops in support of local plastics convertors and processors.\n“The Gulf region has a strong and growing plastics industry. As the largest network in the Plastics world, SPE is excited to be working with GPCA to provide world class plastics awareness, education and conferencing support. We are convinced that the broadening of SPE's network with and for GPCA's plastics companies, will not only enhance further growth in the GULF region, but will be to the benefit of our complete industry. For this important milestone, our President Mr Jim Griffing came over to Dubai to sign and ratify this co-operation.” said Wim De Vos, Chief Executive Officer of the SPE.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://1970boss302.blogspot.com/2014/01/removing-surface-rust-tip-on-exposing.html", "date": "2019-01-19T14:47:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583668324.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190119135934-20190119161934-00345.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9474682211875916, "token_count": 1280, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__22585255", "lang": "en", "text": "In this update, I have set out to remove most of the lighter surface rust with my angle grinder fitted with a surface conditioning disc. These open-weave nylon abrasive discs make quick work or removing light rust and surface imperfections without damaging the parent metal. Fortunately, the vast majority of the surface rust was easily removed in this way, but it also revealed a few concerns where the heavier rust deposits were.\nClose inspection after cleaning up the visible rust revealed an area of tiny pits (and a few slightly larger ones) that appeared to have cleaned up. However, experience has taught me that surface conditioning discs do not clean rust from pits very well and in all likelihood, there was plenty of microscopic rust (a.k.a. micro-rust) still living at the bottom of these tiny pits. The problem is if you can’t see the rust, how do you eliminate it?To many, the quick and easy answer is to haul out the sand blasting rig and assault the panel with high-velocity abrasive to remove this miniscule rust residue at the expense of all of the good metal around the areas. Unfortunately, this is analogous to driving finishing nails with a sledge hammer. It’s kinda the right idea, but the execution is never what you really had in mind. However, the most effective solution to address this problem is actually simpler and cheaper than you might think. Stay with me now……\nAs I have outlined many times in previous blog entries, I use a phosphoric acid Prep & Etch solution to treat and preserve all of the bare metal that is exposed while I work. This serves many useful purposes, not the least of which is keeping flash rust in check and arresting the progression of existing rust by converting it to black ferric phosphate (FePO4) until it can be properly dealt with. The problem here is that once the exposed surface of the rust is converted, the conversion reaction stops and the underlying rust, while essentially arrested and sealed, is still there.But hold on a minute and let’s think about this. If we have taken our time to prepare a nice, clean, bare steel panel by removing all traces of original paint, brushing the visible rust off the surface with a surface conditioning abrasive, sanding the surfaces smooth, and finally applying a light coat of phosphoric acid prep to preserve the panel, what more can be done to positively identify micro-rust and how do we eliminate it effectively without tearing up a perfectly viable panel?\nThe answer is almost ridiculously simple. Remember how the phosphoric acid converts the rust it contacts into a black inert byproduct (ferric phosphate)? Well why not use this very reactive characteristic as a chemical “indicator” of every spot on the clean panel that retains rust? In other words, the black byproduct has now become a very effective and relatively high-contrast “developer” that will highlight every spot where micro-rust remains. So, by using a phosphoric acid prep solution on your clean steel panel, you will have created a virtual “road map” of sorts that clearly shows you all of the areas that will require addition cleaning methods to remove the remaining rust.Now that the “secret” of exposing the remaining micro-rust areas has been identified, the process of removal can begin. This is where the process becomes a bit of a throwback to the popular sand blasting method but on a much smaller scale. Since blasting is so effective at removing rust and other surface coatings, I have come to love a product from Zendex called the Speed Blaster along with their add-on accessory the Hot Spot abrasive recovery fixture. Essentially, this combination creates a small, virtually dust-free miniature sand blasting apparatus that will blast small, dime-sized circles of metal with high precision and effectiveness and it only requires a few minutes to master. By using this tool to blast each and every black “freckle” indicated by the phosphoric acid solution, I can very methodically remove even the tiniest traces of rust from pits that are almost invisible to the naked eye. And the beautiful part is the method of checking progress is to simply reapply the phosphoric acid solution to the freshly blasted area and look to see if the black spots reappear. If any black traces remain, I simply fire the Speed Blaster back up and repeat the process until all traces of micro-rust have been eliminated.\nOnce the job is complete, I treat the entire panel one final time with a phosphoric acid wash applied by hand, allowed to sit for a few minutes to etch the metal surface evenly, and then wipe off the residue with clean cloths and quickly hit the entire surface with compressed air to drive off the moisture as quickly as possible. At this point, the panel is preserved and can be worked extensively in preparation for dent removal, fabrication work, metal finishing, and structural and cosmetic filler work. Yep, that’s where we are heading next!\n|Using a surface conditioning disc on my angle grinder, I was able to remove most of the surface rust spots that were exposed once the quarter panel was completely stripped to bare metal.|\n|Looking closely, you will see the phosphoric acid has turned the micro-rust black and it shows up quite easily against the shiny bare metal.|\n|Now that the micro-rust can be easily seen, I can confidently remove it. a bonus is that the phosphoric acid will continue to perform its \"indicator\" role for as long as necessary until I am able to remove ALL of the hidden rust.|\n|A quick run over the entire panel with an 80 grit disc in the DA sander polishes up the metal surface nicely and adds contrast to the areas that we have treated with phosphoric.|\n|Here is a close-up of the spots blasted with the Speed Blaster tool.|\n|Here is a shot of the quarter after I have blasted all of the spots that showed the black ferric phosphate coating left on the surface of the hidden rust by the phosphoric acid.|\n|A final treatment with phosphoric acid Prep & Etch and the panel was ready for formal bodywork without the worry of having missed any hidden rust.|", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.co-bealarmed.co.uk/2014/09/co-be-alarmed-releases-a-guide-to-stay-safe-from-carbon-monoxide-poisoning/", "date": "2020-04-08T14:34:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371818008.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408135412-20200408165912-00305.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9563811421394348, "token_count": 252, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__125679128", "lang": "en", "text": "CO – Be Alarmed has published a booklet giving advice on how to stay safe from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The information about CO includes, instruction on how to fit an alarm and spot the signs as well as instructions on what to do in an emergency. Jude Sellmeyer, a nurse who suffered from CO poisoning, also features in the guide and discusses her experience.\nCO is a deadly gas that cannot be seen, smelt or tasted. It can be produced by faulty fuel burning appliances and can only be detected by a CO alarm. Nausea, headaches and dizziness are just some of the symptoms caused by CO. High doses of the gas can cause permanent brain damage and even death.\nLawrence Slade, spokesman for CO – Be Alarmed, said:\n“Many people don’t know just how dangerous it is and how hard it is to detect. This is why CO – Be Alarmed work hard to educate and raise awareness. This booklet is just the latest example. We want people to pass this information on to their friends, family and co-workers and spread the word about CO. Carbon monoxide really is the silent killer.”\nFollow the campaign on twitter @COBeAlarmed", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://3dbindery.net/", "date": "2024-04-20T16:17:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817670.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420153103-20240420183103-00538.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9374918937683105, "token_count": 654, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__104552296", "lang": "en", "text": "PROUDLY SERVING ALL PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS!\nConveniently located in Central Florida.\nStarted in 1995, 3d Bindery has become a successful trade bindery, producing everything from soft cover books, to magazines, catalogs, yearbooks and other publications.\nAs technology and demands have changed, so has 3d Bindery’s outlook on the binding industry. With customers always looking for quicker turnaround and a better quality product, 3d Bindery relies on Muller Martini’s Pantera PUR Perfect Binder to meet those demands.\nPerfect binding is available in quantities from a single book to hundreds of thousands. We utilize both PUR adhesive and standard EVA glue.\nElement bindery options include Plastic Coil, Twin Loop Wire, GBC Comb and Velobind.\nphone: 407.831.2463 (BIND)\ntoll free: 877.484.7333\nPerfect binding utilizes two types of glue: Polyurethane Reactive (PUR) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Both are very successful forms of adhesive in perfect binding. The difference in the two is that PUR is the most durable available, offering flexibility for all types of applications including catalogues, manuals, etc.\nOne of the main concerns with conventional EVA binding is it’s stability in extreme temperatures. PUR adhesive sets quickly when it cools from the melt form to a solid, and at that point has reasonable strength. However, the adhesive will continue to develop strength due to a chemical reaction that occurs between the polyurethane and environmental moisture. Once cure is complete (generally in 18-24 hours), the bond is far superior to ordinary hot melts - by 2.5 times the strength. Due to the cross-linking provided by the moisture reaction, PUR hot melts are highly resistant to re-melting in extreme summer months and cold cracking in harsh winter months.\nPUR also uses a smaller amount of glue, and can bind materials that may not have been previously attempted. PUR does not require knocking-out spine ink, coatings and varnishes. Another major advantage of PUR glue is its flexibility once it has fully cured. It is able to withstand heavy usage in demanding conditions.\nSome of the benefits of EVA include a faster curing time, ease of operation, cleanup processes are easy when compared to PUR, and is more effective on thread sewn books, as the glue allows greater penetration into the folded sections.\nWhich is best? - probably needs to be replaced with the question - Which is most suitable? The decision to use one over the other is very much job specific and would involve numerous considerations – substrate used, thickness of book, or intended use of product.\nFor those that have not had the experience of seeing PUR binding in action,\nplease contact us for demonstration!\nPlease take a moment to review our attached information.\nForms must be downloaded to computer first to submit.\n2702 Pemberton Dr, Apopka, Florida 32703, United States\n07:00 am – 04:00 pm", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://winnebagoalumni.com/winnebago-industries-completes-acquisition-of-lithionics-battery/", "date": "2024-04-17T19:57:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817171.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417173445-20240417203445-00424.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9326744675636292, "token_count": 200, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__117215224", "lang": "en", "text": "Just over a month ago, we announced our intent to acquire Lithionics Battery, a premier lithium-ion battery solutions provider, to accelerate our innovation in diverse battery solutions and advance our overall electrical ecosystem, creating more opportunities for our RV and marine products to capitalize on consumer preferences for fully immersive, outdoor experiences.\nI am excited to share that Winnebago Industries has finalized our acquisition of Lithionics Battery, and the transaction is now closed.\nFollowing years of close partnership, we are pleased to welcome the talented Lithionics team to the Winnebago Industries family. We look forward to working together to expand the use of Lithionics’ efficient energy solutions within our own portfolio, as well as supporting Lithionics in growing relationships with its existing customers and exploring new market applications for its premier battery solutions.\nPlease join me in officially welcoming Lithionics to our portfolio of industry-leading brands and congratulations to all our team members who worked to make this transaction successful.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://coatable.com/products/rust-base", "date": "2024-03-04T03:40:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476413.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304033910-20240304063910-00042.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8146520256996155, "token_count": 3687, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__198055623", "lang": "en", "text": "RUST BASE is a high-performance rust encapsulation coating that protects metal surfaces from corrosion. RUST BASE seals iron, steel, and most other metals and can be applied directly over rust and firmly bonded paint. RUST BASE also provides superior protection for concrete, wood and fiberglass. RUST BASE is abrasion, chip, chemical and UV resistant. Use RUST BASE as a primer for other Coatable products or as a single coating system.\nRUST BASE does not require pre-treatments like other coating, and permanently stops corrosion by encapsulating a metal surface. Rust Base hardens like a rock to take on incredible abuse. Rust Base is the last corrosion coating you will ever use.\n- True surface tolerant coating, with no need for pre-treatments.\n- Apply directly over non treated rust.\n- Single component formulation.\n- Fast cure, atmospheric humidity accelerates curing.\n- High solids content, made with Aluminum.\n- Incredible adhesion to minimally prepared surfaces.\n- Excellent wetting characteristics to penetrate and encapsulate all surfaces.\n- Permanent non-porous barrier, provides long term corrosion protection.\n- Mold & mildew resistant.\n- Superior abrasion & chemical resistance.\n- Withstands temperatures up to 325F.\n- Easy to apply, brush roll or spray.\n- Primer, mid-coat, top-coat all in one.\n- Excellent flow and self-leveling.\nNote: The secret to RUST BASE performance is due to the high aluminum content which provides game changing corrosion protection, but limits RUST BASE to a single metallic silver color. For this reason, STOP HEAT & NOVA SHINE are available as topcoats if color or additional color is required.\nPopular Application Areas:\n|chassis – truck bed – trunks – axles – floor pans – fenders – engine - floor pans – wheel wells\n|Engine Rooms – Hulls – masts – bilges – heat exchangers – metal decks – chain lockers – pumps fuel tanks – boat trailers\n|I beams – structural steel – pipes – sealing concrete – air conditioners – fiberglass – rebar – gas & fuel tanks – exterior coating for all rusted metal\n|Farm & Household\n|hand rails – support beams – lawn equipment – farm equipment – garage floors – pipe work – appliances – lead based paint encapsulation\nRust Base Spread Rate:\n- A single quart will cover 25 ft2 with 2 coats\n- A single 1 gallon will cover 100 ft2 with 2 coats\n- A single 5 gallon will cover 500 ft2 with 2 coats\nHow fast does RUST BASE cure?\nWhile micro climate and direct sunlight play a part in the final curing times, Refer to chart below for an estimate.\n|90 F / 32 C\n|70 F / 21 C\n|50F / 10 C\nSURFACE PREPARATION:All surfaces must be completely dry and free of loose rust, loose paint, visible moisture, dirt, mildew, oil, wax, chlorides, and any other contaminants that may affect adhesion or performance prior to applying RUST BASE. Remove loose rust, paint and mil scale by hammering, scraping, sanding or wire brushing. Surfaces with firmly bonded paint should be roughed up with 100-150 grit sandpaper to ensure there is no shine left. Please note: If any existing paint or coating is not firmly bonded, the existing paint or coating may fail and the surface will require the re application of RUST BASE. While RUST BASE Coatings DO NOT contain lead, other oil based paints may contain lead. WARNING If you sand, scrape or abrade old paint, you may release lead dust. LEAD IS TOXIC, & CAN CAUSE BRAIN DAMAGE. PREGNANT WOMEN & CHILDREN SHOULD AVOID LEAD DUST EXPOSURE. To minimize lead exposure, wear a NIOSH- approved respirator. To control lead dust, clean up using a HEPA vacuum and a wet mop. For any questions, contact the National Lead Information Hotline at 1-800-424-LEAD or log on to www.epa.gov/lead.\nAPPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: Do not shake the container. Stir thoroughly, until coating is a silver color. Do not create a vortex when mixing. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Ideal application temperature is between 50F (10C) and 90F (32C) humidity below 90% to ensure proper drying. Do not apply to surfaces that exceed 150F (65C). RUST BASE may be applied by brush, roller, or spray equipment. Test a small area for proper adhesion. RUST BASE works best when pressed firmly against a substrate. Apply RUST BASE evenly without build up. A minimum of 2 coats of RUST BASE must be applied to achieve a minimum dft (dry film thickness) of 6 mils. A minimum dft of 12 mils is recommended for heavy industrial or marine use. Typical areas where stripe coats must be applied include welds, corners, edges and heavily pitted areas. Average drying time is between 2 to 6 hours. RUST BASE cures faster on humid days and slower on a dry days. Note: The above drying times are only estimates, actual drying times can vary significantly based on relative humidity, dry film thickness, wind, direct sunlight, temperature, and other factors. Previous coats of RUST BASE should be dry to the touch with no transfer of coating to a gloved finger before applying additional coats of RUST BASE or another topcoat. For optimum inter-coat adhesion apply the next coat as soon as the previous coat is touch to dry. If more than 12 hours have passed, wait at least 24 hours then rough up the surface with 150 grit before applying additional coats. RUST BASE is a metallic silver in color and does not require a topcoat. If a color other than metallic silver is desired, Coatable offers a variety of top coats. If using another brand top coat, it is recommended to first check for compatibility and follow the manufacturers recommendations. A small surface area should be tested for adhesion and compatibility. Top coats must be applied within 12 hours of the final coat of RUST BASE. Indefinite submersion requires an epoxy topcoat. Remember to limit the time the container is left open. Only pour what you need and then close the container to minimize air entry and avoid skinning. A thin plastic bag may be placed between the lid and the container. For more detailed instructions, please refer to the Technical Data Sheet and Application Instructions which are available online at www.coatable.com. Cure time varies based on relative humidity and temperature of the surface; approximately 80% in 4 hours; fully cured in 72 hours.\nCLEAN UP: Remove any uncured coating by wiping a surface with solvent. Follow solvent manufacturers directions. Freshly cured product is removed with sandpaper or wire brush. RUST BASE is a permanent coating and once fully cured cannot be removed without abrasive action. Gloves and safety glasses are always required during set up, application, and clean up. If spraying, keep solvent ready to clean equipment before any brake and conclusion of job. Do not leave RUST BASE in the hose or sprayer. DO NOT THIN OR ADD ANY OTHER PRODUCT TO RUST BASE.\nSPREAD RATE: On non-textured flat surfaces, each coat of RUST BASE covers approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon (18.5 sq. mtr/gallon) at 8 mils wet / 4 mils dry (200 micron wet / 100 micron dry). Clean white flat metal requires 1 coat (4 mils DFT), rusted metal requires 2 coats (8 mils DFT), heavy industrial and marine requires 3 coats (12 mils DFT).\nSEE SDS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.\nKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.\nFOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY.\nQuestions and Answers\nWhy Does RUST BASE only come in a single silver metallic silver color?\nThe same non leafing aluminum metallics that give RUST BASE unparalleled corrosion protection limits it to a single metallic silver color.\nDoes RUST BASE require a primer or topcoat?\nNo, RUST BASE is a complete coating system in a single product. RUST BASE is self-priming and can be used as the primer, intermediate and topcoat. You do have the option of top-coating RUST BASE with STOP HEAT to block solar heat, or NOVA SHINE for a specific color.\nHow do I calculate spread rate for RUST BASE?\nOn non-textured flat surfaces, each coat of RUST BASE covers approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon (18.5 sq. mtr/gallon) at 8 mils wet / 4 mils dry (200 micron wet / 100 micron dry). Clean white flat metal requires 1 coat (4 mils DFT), rusted metal requires 2 coats (8 mils DFT), heavy industrial and marine requires 3 coats (12 mils DFT), or two coats of RUST BASE and a top-coat of STOP HEAT or NOVA SHINE (12+ mils DFT).\nDoes RUST BASE require a pretreatment before applying directly to rusted surfaces?\nNo unlike other direct to rust coatings, RUST BASE does not require a pre-treatment. The only requirement is that the surface be clean from dirt, oil and debris and be applied on a dry surface.\nCan I apply multiple coats in a single day to save time?\nYes, that is one the main advantages of using RUST BASE. Accelerated curing in the presence of atmospheric humidity. The higher the humidity the faster the curing. Anything above 40% humidity and you can do three coats in a single day if you start in the morning time.\nWhat if I am interrupted, and cannot apply all the coats in a single day?\nIf you have full sunlight and high humidity above (80%), then you must sand the surface of RUST BASE after 12 hours of curing before you can applying another coat of RUST BASE.\nIf you have partial shade/sun with humidity up to 75%, then you have up to 24 hours to topcoat another coat of RUST BASE before requiring a light sanding of the surface.\nIf you are apply STOP HEAT or NOVA SHINE, there is no time limit. Just make sure the surface is clean when top coating.\nHow fast does RUST BASE cure?\nWhile micro climate and direct sunlight play a part in the final curing times, Refer to chart below for an estimate.\nTemperature (F) 90 F / 32 C 70 F / 21 C 50F / 10 C Relative Humidity 90% 1 hr 1.5 hr 2-3 hr 80% 1 hr 1.5 hr 2-3 hr 60% 1.5 hr 2 hr 3-4 hr 40% 1-2 hr 2-4 hr 6-8 hr 30% 2-3 hr 3-6 hr 10-14 hr 20% 6 hr 8-10 hr 12-16 hr 10% 12 hr 12-18 hr 18-24 hr\nWhat kind of sprayer can you use to apply RUST BASE? Can it be applied by brush and roller?\nSolvent Grade Brush, Roller (1/4 nap roller), Airless or Conventional sprayer.\nIf I am applying Stop Heat over RUST BASE, are there any over coat window time constraints?\nNo you can paint as soon as it touch dry/tack free or up to 30 days later. The surface just needs to be clean and dry.\nWhat is the maximum operating temperature of RUST BASE?\nCan RUST BASE take abrasion resistance?\nYes, RUST BASE is designed to take on incredible abrasion resistance like anchor chains dragging across a deck, or a tipper truck hauling gravel and rocks.\nCan you apply RUST BASE to clean white metal?\nYes, on clean white metal, apply RUST BASE at 4 mils DFT (Dry Film Thickness) @ 200 ft2 per gallon\nCan RUST BASE be applied over existing paint?\nYes, however make sure the paint is firmly bonded paint. Use a wire brush to remove any lose flaking paint. The best is a combination of paint and rust, because RUST BASE will create an anchor profile to the existing rust and securing itself the rusted surface.\nCan RUST BASE be applied to concrete?\nYes, RUST BASE is an excellent sealer for aging concrete. RUST BASE bridges hairline cracks and hardens to over 6,000 psi in one month, and over 8,000 psi in two months of curing. Do not apply RUST BASE on new concrete until it has cured for over one month.\nDoes RUST BASE require thinning with lacquer thinner?\nDo not thin with lacquer thinner. We do not recommend thinning RUST BASE, but if you must thin use Xylene or any aromatic solvent.\nCan RUST BASE be applied in cold weather?\nYes, it will take longer to dry. Do not topcoat until the coating film is firm and hard. This may take up to 36 hours in climates like Denver Colorado in the spring time.\nWhat if rains, after applying RUST BASE?\nIf the temperature is low, a light rain will not affect RUST BASE.\nIf temperature is high, and it rains within 4-5 hours after you have finished applying RUST BASE or before the coating film is dry, it may wash off the RUST BASE and compromise the performance.\nWhat type of chemicals can RUST BASE resist?\nBelow is the list of chemicals and solvents based upon 8 months of immersion at room temperature.\nDistilled Water: No Failure Gasoline No Failure Diesel No Failure 10% Sulfuric Acid: No Failure 10% Acetic Acid: Small Blisters After 10 Days 10% Fannie Acid: Small Blisters After 8 Days 25% Lactic Acid: No Failure 10% Citric Acid: No Failure Tannic Acid: No Failure Linseed-Oil Fatty Acid: No Failure 20% Soda Solution: No Failure 10% Salt Solution: No Failure 30% Sugar Solution: No Failure 10% Caustic Potash: No Failure 10% Ammonia: Small Blisters After 20 Days 3% Free Chlorine Solution: No Failure 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: No Failure: No Failure Premium Grade Gasoline: No Failure Methylene Chloride: Destroyed After 1 Day Ethyl Acetate: No Failure Acetone: Softens After 10 Days\nCan RUST BASE be applied over fresh organic zinc rich primers?\nNo, RUST BASE will react and bubble with fresh coat of zinc rich primers. If the zinc is older than 6 months, do a small patch test to ensure there is no reaction. If the zinc rich primer is top coated, with another non zinc coating, then you can topcoat over the topcoat without any issues.\nWhat happens if you overcoat RUST BASE with itself too soon?\nYou may get solvent entrapment/solvent pop. This happens when the solvent is trying to evaporate and gets trapped in the coating film forming very small bubbles. These are not pin holes and will not affect the performance of the coating but may cause an aesthetic issue. To solve, apply a light sand over the surface and re apply a thin coat over affected areas. Ref to overcoat chart to allow for enough time for curing based on humidity and ambient temperature.\nHow do you prevent the lid and the can from sealing shut once you open the can to pour out RUST BASE, and then want to close the lid?\nApply a piece of plastic between the lid and can to ensure you can easily open the can again. Firmly close the lid to ensure no air gets into the can.\nIs RUST BASE flammable? What is the VOC content?\nYes, RUST BASE is flammable. (See Technical Data Sheet and SDS) RUST BASE has 380 grams per liter for the regular version, and below 95 grams per liter for the low VOC version.\nHow is RUST BASE different from other direct to rust coatings?\nRUST BASE uses low molecular weight solvents that penetrate to the pores of the metal. It has low surface tension for deep penetration and encapsulation of the metal surface, thus significantly slowing the electro chemical reaction by robbing the metal surface of oxygen. Non leafing aluminum metallics provide both barrier and galvanic protection, for long term corrosion protection.\nCan RUST BASE be indefinitely submerged?\nNo, unless you topcoat with an approved submergible topcoat. Ask us for details on what type of coating to use if you will be indefinitely submerging RUST BASE. Splash zone is completely fine.\nWhat if I get RUST BASE on my skin?\nDo not use water, wipe off with solvent (xylene or paint thinner), then wash with soap and water.\nWhat type of personnel protection should I use when applying RUST BASE?\nUse appropriate PPE including NIOSH approved respirator, safety glasses and gloves when applying RUST BASE.\nHow long should I keep indoor area ventilated after applying RUST BASE?\nUp to 7 days\nHow many sets of brushes or rollers do I need for my application?\nDue to the rapid curing and hardening you will not be able to clean brushes or rollers for multiple uses/coats. Therefore you will need a separate solvent grade brush/roller for each RUST BASE coat. If you are doing three coats you will need three separate brushes or rollers.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/freezing-point-depression-boiling-point-elevation.htm", "date": "2015-04-21T14:36:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246642037.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045722-00222-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9255180358886719, "token_count": 2253, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__38631505", "lang": "en", "text": "The effects of solutes\nWhat happens if, instead of having pure\nliquid water, we put some salt or sugar in the water? In other words, what\nif our liquid phase is a solution? This makes the liquid state less\norganised, because the sugar molecules or salt ions are free to move about\nalmost randomly. So the liquid water molecules are more disordered (less\nregimented) in a solution. The ice and the steam remain unaffected,\nhowever: sugar and salt hardly dissolve at all in ice, nor do they\nevaporate near 100°C.\nHow does this affect the trade-off between the molecular energy and the\nmolecular order? The gain in disorder on evaporation is now less, because\nthe liquid water in solution is more disordered. The energy effect is\nhardly changed, so the energy effect now dominates over a slightly larger\nrange: the molecules of water in solution have to have slightly more\nenergy (a slightly higher temperature) in order for the two effects to be\nin balance. So the boiling temperature is higher for a solution.\nConversely, when we look at melting, the disorder effect is greater for\na solution: on melting into a solution, water molecules go from the high\norder of crystalline ice into an even more disordered state than pure\nliquid. So the disorder effect can dominate even at lower temperatures. So\nthe freezing temperature is lower for a solution.\nI mentioned the equilibrium freezing and boiling temperatures above. Time to explain. Imagine ice floating in pure water at 0°C. If we add a little heat, some ice melts. Remove a little heat and some water freezes. We call this the equilibrium freezing temperature: 0°C for water. However, when one cools reasonably pure water, it usually cools several degrees below 0°C – we say it supercools by several degrees – before the first ice crystal appears. That ice crystal then expands rapidly, giving up latent heat, which warms the nearby water back to about 0°C. More about supercooling and super heating below.\nAn aqueous solution has a higher boiling point and a lower freezing\npoint than does pure water.\nIf the solution is not too concentrated,\nthese two effects are approximately independent of what the dissolved\nsubstance is: a sugar molecule has much the same effect as a salt ion. So,\nprovided you remember to count each ion separately, the effect of\nconcentration on boiling point elevation or freezing point depression is\nmuch the same for all small solutes in water. (Macromolecules such as\npolymers behave differently because they have lots of neighbouring solvent\nmolecules, and so affect the solvent much more than simple solutes.)\nAntifreeze. So, you might expect that the antifreeze in a\nradiator not only stops it freezing, but also helps stop it from boiling.\nHowever, the real situation is more complicated: antifreeze has the\ndisadvantage that it is not quite as good as water at transporting heat.\nEthylene glycol is one antifreeze. Salt is used to melt snow and ice on\nroads in cold countries, but it is not used in radiators because it is\ncorrosive and crystallises readily. Sugar is not used in some\napplications, because concentrated sugar solutions are viscous, and\nbecause they support bugs. However, many organisms use sugars and other\nsmall organic molecules as antifreeze. See cryobiology.\nAn interesting observation: The concentration of solutes in blood is less than that in sea water, so the equilibrium freezing temperature of blood is usually higher than that of sea water. Consequently, some Arctic and Antarctic fish live at temperatures below the equilibrium freezing temperature of normal blood. The bio-antifreeze in their blood is a protein that works in a way different from the anti-freeze used in car radiators: the antifreeze protein binds to freezing nuclei and so permits the blood to remain supercooled.\nThe effect of pressure\nNotice that above I've included the proviso\n\"at atmospheric pressure\" a few times. The reason why the pressure is\nimportant is that, in the vapour phase, a given amount of a substance\noccupies a much larger volume than it does as a liquid. Some of the energy\nrequired to vapourise it goes towards 'pushing the air out of the way' to\nmake room for the amount evaporated. (The amount of work done is the\nproduct of the pressure P and the change in volume ΔV. Technically, there\nis a PΔV term in the latent heat.) So, at low pressure, it is easier to\nform the vapour phase and so the boiling point is lower. The dependence of\nthe transition temperature on pressure is the Clausius-Clapeyron effect.\n(Again, being a bit technical, we note that this effect involves energy -\nthe work done in displacing air - whereas the solute effect involves\nentropy - the disordering of the liquid phase.)\nWater expands a lot when it boils: one kilogram of water is one litre\nof liquid water, but it becomes about 1700 litres of steam at atmospheric\npressure. This means that even modest increases in altitude can measurably\nreduce the boiling temperature. Some people complain that this affects\ncooking and even the taste of tea at altitude.\nIt is also true that pressure changes the melting temperature. However,\nbecause the volume occupied by a kilogram of liquid is not much different\nfrom that occupied by a kilogram of solid, this effect is very small\nunless the pressures are very large. For most substances, the freezing\npoint rises, though only very slightly, with increased pressure.\nWater is one of the very rare substances that expands upon freezing\n(which is why ice floats). Consequently, its melting temperature falls very slightly if pressure is increased.\nIt is sometimes said that freezing point depression\nwith pressure explains the low friction under an ice-skate. On its own, this story is not convincing. The Clausius-Clapeyron effect appears not large\nenough to make a noticeable difference. However, the skate story is so\nwidely believed (outside of thermodynamics classes, anyway) that it's\nworth being quantitative. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation says that the\nratio of the change in pressure times the change in specific volume to\nthe latent heat of the phase change equals the ratio of the change in\ntransition temperature to the (absolute) melting or boiling temperature.\n(It's often written as dP/dT = L/T*Δv, an equation that we might have\nguessed from dimensional considerations.)\nThe weight of the skater is say 1 kN. I'm not a skater, but let me guess at a lower bound for the skate-ice contact area of say 100 mm2. (Say 200 mm long by 0.5 mm wide: skaters, is this reasonable?) So, with this value, the pressure is increased by\n(very roughly) 10 MPa. A kg of water (one litre) freezes to give\nabout 1.1 litre of ice, so the change in specific volume is about\n10-4 m3kg-1. The latent heat of\nfusion of ice is 330 kJ.kg-1. So the proportional change\nin temperature is\n(10 MPa)(10-4 m3kg-1)/(330 kJ.kg-1),\nwhich is 0.3%. Multiply this by the melting temperature of ice (273 K)\nand we get an upper bound to the temperature change of around 1 K = 1 °C. So, with\nthese values, the calculation shows that the pressure of an ice skate\ncan reduce themelting temperature of ice by more than\n1 °C. So, if this were the cause of the slipperiness, ice\nskating would be possible only at temperatures only one or a few degrees\nbelow freezing. From observation, it is possible to ice skate on ice at\nmuch lower temperatures than this. Unless we could argue that the area\nof contact of a skate is as small as 10 mm2, this effect\ncannot explain why ice is slippery under a skate. On the other hand, it\nis easy to explain that the surface of ice is at least a little\nslippery. At the surface of ice, water molecules are only hydrogen\nbonded to their neighbours on one side. Consequently, their energy is\nnot as low as in bulk ice. So, at equilibrium, they must have a higher\nentropy. So ice must have a thin water layer on the surface, whose\nthickness woud be expected to increase at temperatures close to melting.\nThe comparable calculation for boiling point change is a bit more\ncomplicated. The latent heat in this case is larger\n(2.3 MJ-1) but the change in specific volume is much\nlarger (typically a few times\n10-2 m3kg-1). So changes in\naltitude can change the boiling temperature, and going up a mountain can\nreduce it by as much as several degrees.\nWhen are the boiling temperature and freezing temperature\nequal? What happens then?\nFor all substances, as we lower pressure, the boiling\ntemperature falls much more rapidly than does the freezing temperature.\n(For water, the freezing temperature rises slightly at low pressure.)\nHence the obvious question: Are the boiling temperature and freezing\ntemperature ever equal?\nThe answer is yes. At the low pressure of 611 Pa (only 0.006 times\natmospheric pressure), pure water boils at 0.01 °C, and it also\nfreezes at 0.01 °C. The combination of conditions (P, T) =\n(611 Pa, 0.01 °C) is called the triple point of\nwater because, at this pressure and temperature ice, liquid water and\nsteam can coexist in equilibrium. This point is used to define our scale\nof temperature: by definition, the triple point of water occurs at\n273.16 K, where K is the kelvin. 273.16 K = 0.01 °C\n* This explains why, above, I wrote that liquid water only exists if\nthe pressure is high enough. At pressures below 611 Pa, there are\nonly two phases, and ice sublimes to form steam directly, without passing\nthrough a liquid phase. (In this context, the reverse of 'to sublime' is\nnot, as one might have hoped, 'to ridicule'. At low pressures, steam\ncondenses to form ice.)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.magna-ndt.com/category/aqueous-cleaners/", "date": "2019-11-13T19:43:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496667333.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20191113191653-20191113215653-00125.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8927450776100159, "token_count": 410, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__93295042", "lang": "en", "text": "Daraclean® 200 is a low-foaming high-alkaline cleaner for heavy-duty use on most metals, and it is not aggressive on brass, copper and titanium alloys. It is designed for immersion, spray, and ultrasonic applications.\nA foaming, all-purpose neutral cleaning solution meant for a broad spectrum of soils, Daraclean® 212 is formulated with a blend of surfactants, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors, and is safe to use on most metals, while being non-aggressive with aluminum and titanium alloys.\nDaraclean® 235 is a low-foaming, neutral cleaning solution for general use on a broad spectrum of soils and safe to use on most metals, non-aggressive on aluminum, brass, copper, titanium and zinc alloys.\nDaraclean® 236 is a low-foaming, all-purpose neutral cleaner for a wide range of soils and safe to use on most metals and removes tarnish from brass, bronze, and copper alloys.\nA low-foaming, all-purpose alkaline cleaning solution, Daraclean® 282 is an excellent cleaner for a broad spectrum of soils. Daraclean 282 has excellent soil-rejecting properties and suspends soils until they settle and can be removed by filtering or skimming, extending the life of the cleaner much further than emulsion-type solutions.\nDaraclean® 282GF is a high performance cleaner for a broad spectrum of soils. A low-foaming all-purpose glycol-free alkaline cleaning solution with a unique blend of surfactants and corrosion inhibitors, it meets or exceeds the specifications for most aerospace applications for aqueous and alkaline cleaners.\nDaraclean® 283 is a low-foaming, powerful alkaline cleaning solution formulated for use on a broad spectrum of soils, composed of surfactants, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors. It is safe to use on most metals and is non-aggressive towards titanium alloys.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://hickory.com/story/lead-oxide-makes-it-crystal-how-does-that-work/2050940", "date": "2017-07-22T10:45:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423992.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722102800-20170722122800-00699.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9428862929344177, "token_count": 555, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__238092107", "lang": "en", "text": "Glass is formed when sand, caustic soda or potash and lime are exposed to high temperatures. Glass is produced in nature under the right conditions. Ancient man used bits of natural glass in artwork and for decoration. Archeologists found Egyptian glass beads that date back to 2500 BC. It took more than a thousand years to learn how to make glass.\nGlass molding, where chips of glass are melted and formed into shapes, did not occur until about 150 BC. Glass-making developed over the centuries as glass-blowers experimented with techniques and additives. In the 15th century, glass-blowers used lead oxide to create a colorless glass that looked like rock crystal. The glass-making industry continues to improve glass quality and expand its uses. Today, glass in all shapes and sizes is used in the home, in industry and to celebrate special events and contributions with crystal awards and trophies.\nHOW GLASS IS MADE\nAll glass begins as a mixture of silica from fine sand, a caustic ingredient such as sodium bicarbonate or potash and lime. Additives such as lead oxide (lead crystal), iron chromate (green color) or cobalt (blue color) can be added before melting. This mixture is melted in a furnace at 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit for as long as 24 hours. The melted glass, which is a thick hot liquid, is then cooled to a working temperature. Once it can be worked, the glass is blown, rolled or pressed into its desired shape. Finally the glass pieces are placed into a cooling oven to complete the process.\nThe addition of lead oxide lowers the temperature and thickness of the melted glass. This makes the melted glass easier to work. Lead oxide also produces a more brilliant glass product. Glass-blowers can produce beautiful decorative pieces more easily. Lead crystal is used for crystal awards, sculptures, chandeliers and other elegant home décor.\nYou can tell the difference between lead crystal and cut glass. Lead crystal is generally heavier than glass of the same size and shape. Lead crystal is transparent and will remain clear in the light, whereas glass may be tinged green or yellow. Lead crystal will produce a pinging sound when lightly tapped; standard cut glass does not have this property.\nCARING FOR YOUR LEAD CRYSTAL\nThe addition of lead oxide makes the melted glass softer and easier to mold into crystal awards and decorative pieces. Lead oxide also makes the finished product softer. Accumulated dust can be abrasive and scratch the surface of the crystal. It is important to clean your crystal with a mild detergent and lint free cloth. Leaded crystal awards and keepsakes can be enjoyed for many years with a proper maintenance.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.arejuvenationspa.com/extras/pumpkin-enzyme-hand-treatment-longmount/", "date": "2017-12-15T15:54:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948575124.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215153355-20171215175355-00548.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9149826765060425, "token_count": 104, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__24277611", "lang": "en", "text": "Pumpkin Enzyme Hand Treatment\nThis deliciously aromatic treatment gently exfoliates the hands to reveal smoother, healthier skin! Containing natural pumpkin and multi-fruit complex, this solution contains powerful enzymes that act as alpha hydroxy acids to rid the skin of dull, dry cells leaving skin looking smoother and younger due to increasing the rate of cell renewal. The added benefit of over 100 nutrients help reverse the signs of aging. Add this yummy service to any skin care treatment, or enjoy it as a standalone!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://feedenzymes.com/individual_enzymes.php", "date": "2022-10-02T06:31:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337287.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002052710-20221002082710-00334.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9184926152229309, "token_count": 943, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__189958811", "lang": "en", "text": "Phytase offered by Lumis is an intrinsically thermo-stable new generation E.coli Phytase, which is stable at wide pH conditions in the animal’s digestive system. It helps in releasing optimum phosphorus that leads to reduced feed cost through lower use of inorganic phosphorus while promising increased animal performance. It helps in releasing energy, entrapped calcium and other minerals that otherwise are unavailable for absorption. It also increases the utilization of proteins, amino acids, starches and lipids. Phytase from Lumis is compatible with animals own endogenous enzymes and also complements the use of externally added enzymes.\nLumis Lipase breaks down fats in majority of feed ingredients thereby improving animal digestion and subsequent utilization of fat. Lipase is useful in all oil based raw materials like vegetable oil, tallow, animal based oil etc.\nLumis Biotech offers a novel blend of multiple Amylases that works at wide pH condition and is highly thermo-stable. It increases starch digestibility of plant based raw materials releasing glucose which can be easily absorbed by the animals digestive system. It provides more available energy and essential nutrients while improving the animal performance. It is effective against different starches and starches with higher amylose contents. It thus helps in providing flexibility in using cost effective starch based raw materials.\nLumis offers a unique combination of multiple proteases from various sources ensuring maximized and improved digestion of proteins and amino acids across various protein substrates. The multiple protease product is thermo-stable and works over wider pH conditions.\nThese multiple proteases have endo and exo peptidase activities which allows broader selection of protein substrates including unconventional and economical / low quality protein sources, thus decreasing the cost. It helps in reducing nitrogen through faeces leading to a cleaner environment. Protease offered by Lumis is compatible with the animals own digestive enzymes and also exogenous enzymes.\nGalactosidase offered by Lumis helps in removing flatulence (gas) producing compounds in diets such as soyabean thereby improving the nutrient digestibility and growth performance.\nPectinase offered by Lumis gives the best result in diets containing legumes like soya, beans and peas. The usage of Pectinase in feed production reduces the feed viscosity increasing nutrient release and absorption either by hydrolysis of non-biodegradable fibres or by liberating nutrients blocked by these fibres.\nCellulase offered by Lumis, degrades cellulose fibers thereby reducing water holding capacity leading to improved feed intake and animal growth. Cellulose fibers in cereals and legumes can be digested properly making it available as energy.\nβ - Glucanase\nBeta Glucanase offered by Lumis helps in digesting and breaking down the beta-glucans and complex carbohydrates in the plant cell walls especially in high fibre ingredients such as barley and other grains like wheat, rye, triticale etc. leading to increased energy release from the feed ingredients.\nLumis offers a highly heat stable Beta-Mannanase which helps to improve growth performance by efficiently breaking mannans in diets such as Soya, Guar, Palm, Copra, DDGS, etc. It enhances the performance of disease challenged broilers and improves egg weight and production in layers. It also increases the insulin secretion and improves energy metabolism in swine leading to uniformity in the animal body weight.\nLumis offers a unique combination of multiple Xylanases from different microbial sources. This product is highly thermo-stable and pH stable. The combination of Xylanase targets both soluble and insoluble part of the arabinoxylan fraction of plant based raw materials. This effectively leads to reduced viscosity and higher digestion of NSPs and release of entrapped nutrients like starch and proteins. Overall it improves growth performance and feed efficiency.\nThe Xylanase offered by Lumis which has significant levels of essential side activities like Cellulase, Beta-Glucanase, Mannanase and Galactosidase. All these side activities work in synergy with the multiple Xylanases improving the nutrient digestibility thereby enhancing the growth performance of the animal. The multiple Xylanase product is multi-species efficient and can be used at all stages of Poultry and Swine diets and is compatible with endogenous and other exogenous enzymes that may be added externally.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://pamujiatmowiyono.blogspot.com/2010/02/formation-evaluation-gamma-ray.html", "date": "2018-04-20T16:08:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944479.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420155332-20180420175332-00574.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.657634437084198, "token_count": 3156, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__212944043", "lang": "en", "text": "The formation evaluation gamma ray log is a record of the variation with depth of the natural radioactivity of earth materials in a wellbore. Measurement of natural emission of gamma rays in oil and gas wells are useful because shales and sandstones typically have different gamma ray levels. Shales and clays are responsible for most natural radioactivity, so gamma ray log often is a good indicator of such rocks. In addition, the log is also used for correlation between wells, for depth correlation between open and cased holes, and for depth correlation between logging runs.\nNatural radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of the atoms of certain isotopes into other isotopes. If the resultant isotope is not stable, it will undergo further decay until finally a stable isotope is formed. The decay process usually accompanied by emission of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Natural gamma ray radiation is one form of spontaneous radiation emitted by unstable nuclei. Gamma (γ) radiation may be considered either as an electromagnetic wave similar to visible light or X-rays, or as a particle of photon. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations emitted from an atomic nucleus during radioactive decay, with the wavelength in the range of 10-9 to 10-11cm\n Natural radioactivity in rocks\nFig1: Gamma-ray Spectra\nIsotopes naturally found on earth are usually those which are stable or which have a decay time larger than, or at least a significant fraction of the age of the earth (about 5 x 109 years). Isotopes with shorter halflifes mainly exist as decay products from longer lived isotopes, and, as in C14, from irradiation of the upper atmosphere.\nRadioisotopes with a sufficiently long halflife, and whose decay produces an appreciable amount of gamma rays are:\n- Potassium 40K with half life of 1.3 x 109 years, which emits 0 α, 1 β, and 1 γ-ray\n- Thorium 232Th with half life of 1.4 x 1010 years, which emits 7 α, 5 β, and numerous γ-ray with different energies\n- Uranium 238U with half-life of 4.4 x 109 years, which emits 8 α, 6 β, and numerous γ-ray with different energies\nEach of these elements emits gamma-rays with distinctive energy. Figure 1 shows the energies of emitted gamma-ray from the three main isotopes. Potassium 40 decays directly to stable argon 40 with the emission of 1.46 MeV gamma-ray. Uranium 238 and thorium 232 decay sequentially through a long sequence of various isotopes until a final stable isotope. The spectrum of the gamma-rays emitted by these two isotopes consists of gamma-ray of many different energies and form a complete spectra. The peak of thorium series can be found at 2.62 MeV and the Uranium series at 1.76 MeV.\nThe most common sources of natural gamma rays are potassium, thorium, and uranium. These elements are found in feldspars (ie. granites, feldspathic), volcanic and igneous rocks, sands containing volcanic ash, and clays.\nGamma-ray measurement has the following applications:\n- Well to well correlation: gamma-ray log fluctuates with changes in formation mineralogy. As such, gamma-ray logs from different wells within the same field or region can be very useful for correlation purposes, because similar formation will show similar features.\n- Logging runs correlation: Gamma-ray tools is typically run in every logging tools runs in a well. Being a common measurement, logging data can be put on depth with each other by correlating the gamma-ray feature of each run.\n- Quantitative evaluation of shaliness: Since natural radioactive elements tend to have greater concentration in shales than in other sedimentary lithologies, the total gamma ray measurement is frequently used to derive a shale volume (Ellis-1987, Rider-1996). This method however, is only likely to be use in a simple sandstone-shale formation, and is subject to error when radioactive elements are present in the sand.\nGamma-ray detected by Gamma-ray detector in an oil or gas wells, is not only a function of radioactivity of the formations, but also other factors as follows:\n- Borehole Fluid: the influence of borehole fluid depends on its volume (ie hole size), the position of the tool, its density, and composition. KCl in mud, for example, will invade permeable sections, with the net result of increase in gamma ray activity.\n- Tubing, Casing, etc: Their effect depend on the thickness, density, and nature of the materials (eg. steel, aluminum). All steel reduces the gamma-ray level, but can be corrected once the density and thickness of the casing, cement sheath and borehole fluid are known.\n- Cement: Its impact is determined by the type of cement, additives, density and thickness\n- Bed Thickness: Gamma-ray reading will not reflect the true value in a bed whose thickness is less than the diameter of the sphere of investigation. In a series of thin beds, the log reading will be a volume average of the contributions within the sphere.\nIn addition, all radioactive phenomena are random in nature. Count rates vary about a mean value, and counts must be accumulated over a period of time and averaged in order to obtain a reasonable estimate of the mean. The longer the averaged period and the higher the count rate, the estimate of mean will be more precise.\nSample of corrections required for different gamma-ray tools are available from Schlumberger.\n Measurement technique\nOlder gamma-ray detectors use the Geiger-Mueller counter principle, but have been mostly replaced thallium-doped sodium-iodide (NaI) scintillation detector, which has a higher efficiency. NaI detectors are usually composed of a NaI crystal coupled with a photomultiplier. When gamma ray from formation enters the crystal, it undergoes successive collisions with the atoms of the crystal, resulting in a short flashes of light when the gamma-ray is absorbed. The light is detected by the photomultiplier, which converts the energy into an electric pulse with amplitude proportional to the gamma-ray energy. The number of electric pulses is recorded in counts per seconds (CPS). The higher the gamma-ray count rate, the larger the clay content and vice versa.\nPrimary calibration of gamma-ray tool is the test pit at the University of Houston. The artificial formation simulate about twice the radioactivity of a shale, which generates 200 API units of gamma radiation. The detector crystal is affected by hydration and its response changes with time. Consequently, a secondary and a field calibration is achieved with a portable jig carrying a small radioactive source.\nSaturday, January 31, 2009\nGamma Ray Log adalah metoda untuk mengukur radiasi sinar gamma yang dihasilkan oleh unsur-unsur radioaktif yang terdapat dalam lapisan batuan di sepanjang lubang bor.\nUnsur radioaktif yang terdapat dalam lapisan batuan tersebut diantaranya Uranium, Thorium, Potassium, Radium, dll.\nUnsur radioaktif umumnya banyak terdapat dalam shale dan sedikit sekali terdapat dalam sandstone, limestone, dolomite, coal, gypsum, dll. Oleh karena itu shale akan memberikan response gamma ray yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan batuan yang lainnya.\nJika kita berekerja di sebuah cekungan dengan lingkungan pengendapan fluvio-deltaic atau channel system dimana biasanya sistem perlapisannya terdiri dari sandstone atau shale (sand-shale interbeds), maka log gamma ray ini akan sangat membantu didalam evaluasi formasi (Formation Evaluation- FE).\nSeperti halnya logging yang lainnya, pengukuran gamma ray log dilakukan dengan menurunkan instrument gamma ray log kedalam lubang bor dan merekam radiasi sinar gamma untuk setiap interval tertentu. Biasanya interval perekaman gamma ray (baca: resolusi vertikal) sebesar 0.5 feet.\nDikarenakan sinar gamma dapat menembus logam dan semen, maka logging gamma ray dapat dilakukan pada lubang bor yang telah dipasang casing ataupun telah dilakukan cementing. Walaupun terjadi atenuasi sinar gamma karena casing dan semen, akan tetapi energinya masih cukup kuat untuk mengukur sifat radiasi gamma pada formasi batuan disampingnya.\nSeperti yang disebutkan diatas bahwa gammar ray log mengukur radiasi gamma yang dihasilkan oleh unsur-unsur radio aktif seperti Uranium, Thorium, Potassium dan Radium. Dengan demikian besaran gamma ray log yang terdapat didalam rekaman merupakan jumlah total dari radiasi yang dihasilkan oleh semua unsur radioaktif yang ada di dalam batuan. Untuk memisahkan jenis-jenis bahan radioaktif yang berpengaruh pada bacaan gamma ray dilakukan gamma ray spectroscopy. Karena pada hakikatnya besarnya energy dan intensitas setiap material radioaktif tersebut berbeda-beda.\nSpectroscopy ini penting dilakukan ketika kita berhadapan dengan batuan non-shale yang memungkinkan untuk memiliki unsur radioaktif, seperti mineralisasi uranium pada sandstone, potassium feldsfar atau uranium yang mungkin terdapat pada coal dan dolomite.\nGamma ray log memiliki satuan API (American Petroleum Institute), dimana tipikal kisaran API biasanya berkisar antara 0 s/d 150. Walaupun terdapat juga suatu kasus dengan nilai gamma ray sampai 200 API untuk jenis organic rich shale.\nGambar dibawah ini menunjukkan contoh interpretasi lapisan batuan untuk mendiskriminasi sandstone dari shale dengan menggunakan log gamma ray.\nDikarenakan log gamma ray memiliki kapabilitas untuk mengukur derajat kandungan shale di dalam lapisan batuan, maka didalam industri migas gamma ray log kerap kali digunakan untuk memprediksi besaran volume shale atau dikenal dengan Vshale dengan formulasi:\nGamma ray log memiliki kegunaan lain diantaranya untuk melakukan well to well correlation dan penentuan Sequence Boundary (SB), yakni dengan mengidentifikasi Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) sebagai spike dengan nilai gamma ray yang tinggi. Well to well correlation ini biasanya dilakukan dengan melibatkan log-log yang lainnya seperti sonic, density, porositas, dll.\nAgus Abdullah, PhD9:17 PM\nGamma ray logging\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n(Redirected from Gamma Ray Logging)\nExample gamma ray log. Blue and black lines indicate the measured gamma rays. Sand section of interest is located at bottom of log where the log moves to the left.\nGamma ray logging is a method of measuring naturally occurring gamma radiation to characterize the rock or sediment in a borehole. It is sometimes used in mineral exploration and water-well drilling, but most commonly for formation evaluation in oil and gas well drilling. Different types of rock emit different amounts and different spectra of natural gamma radiation. In particular, shales usually emit more gamma rays than other sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, gypsum, salt, coal, dolomite, or limestone because radioactive potassium is a common component in their clay content, and because the cation exchange capacity of clay causes them to adsorb uranium and thorium. This difference in radioactivity between shales and sandstones/carbonate rocks allows the gamma tool to distinguish between shales and non-shales.\nThe gamma ray log, like other types of well logging, is done by lowering an instrument down the hole and recording gamma radiation at each depth. In the United States, the device most commonly records measurements at 1/2-foot intervals. Gamma radiation is usually recorded in API units, a measurement originated by the petroleum industry. Gamma logs are affected by the diameter of the borehole and the properties of the fluid filling the borehole, but because gamma logs are most often used in a qualitative way, corrections are usually not necessary.\nThree elements and their decay chains are responsible for the radiation emitted by rock: potassium, thorium and uranium. Shales often contain potassium as part of their clay content, and tend to absorb uranium and thorium as well. A common gamma-ray log records the total radiation, and cannot distinguish between the radioactive elements, while a spectral gamma ray log (see below) can.\nAn advantage of the gamma log over some other types of well logs is that it works through the steel and cement walls of cased boreholes. Although concrete and steel absorb some of the gamma radiation, enough travels through the steel and cement to allow qualitative determinations.\nSometimes non-shales also have elevated levels of gamma radiation. Sandstone can contain uranium mineralization, potassium feldspar, clay filling, or rock fragments that cause it to have higher-than usual gamma readings. Coal and dolomite may contain absorbed uranium. Evaporite deposits may contain potassium minerals such as carnallite. When this is the case, spectral gamma ray logging can be done to identify these anomalies.\n Spectral logging\nThe characteristic gamma ray line that is associated with each component:\n- Potassium : Gamma ray energy 1.46 MeV\n- Thorium series: Gamma ray energy 2.62 MeV\n- Uranium-Radium series: Gamma ray energy 1.76 MeV\n Use in mineral exploration\nRetrieved from \"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray_logging\"", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.scifeon.com/about", "date": "2019-11-15T10:13:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668618.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115093159-20191115121159-00385.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.942244827747345, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__58109698", "lang": "en", "text": "We provide scientists with better informatics.\nWe founded Scifeon™ in the spring of 2016, because we wanted computers to be much better at helping scientists in their research.\nInstead of wasting precious time on manual data processing, or losing valuable research data in countless and convoluted Excel files, or struggling with insufficient support for laboratory automation, we want to give scientists better informatics by providing them with the next generation of research data management software.\nIn short, we want scientists to have a better, more flexible, adaptable and agile informatics support that can take them and their research to the next level.\nWe are a Danish company that delivers software to laboratories and research organizations in the pharma- and biotech industries, as well as in CROs and academia.\nWe have pharmaceutical research backgrounds and have experience from both software development and laboratory research.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.sabaterhnos.com/en/products/avocado-oil-soap", "date": "2023-03-27T09:39:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948620.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327092225-20230327122225-00506.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8950698375701904, "token_count": 318, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__122075624", "lang": "en", "text": "AVOCADO OIL SOAP 110gr.\nOur natural solid soap with avocado oil is as creamy and appetizing as the fruit itself.\nRich in vitamins and antioxidants, avocado oil is a great skin protector. It helps prevent and neutralize premature aging, promotes regeneration, and protects and soothes the skin against exposure to external agents such as sun, wind, or cold.\nIt moisturizes, nourishes, and softens our skin while strengthening it and giving it elasticity. An ideal cocktail of protection and rejuvenation.\nRecommendations for use and storage:\nThis solid soap is suitable for the care of dry, dehydrated, damaged, and mature skin. It can be used on both face and body.\nGently massage the avocado soap under the water until lathering and lather as desired. Keep it in a soap dish with a drain to allow the soap to dry between uses. It will last much longer.\nIngredients: Sodium Olivate; Sodium Cocoate; Aqua; Glycerin; Persea Gratissima Oil; Parfum; Sodium Chloride; Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate; Butylphenyl Methylpropional; Citronellol; Geraniol; Hexyl Cinnamal; Limonene; Yellow CI 11680; Blau CI 74160.\nAll our soaps are made from vegetable oils, are vegan, biodegradable, and cruelty-free.\n* Due to the artisan elaboration, our soaps can present variations in their tones.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://novawes.co.za/nw-silica-gels/", "date": "2024-02-26T14:53:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474660.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226130305-20240226160305-00595.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8788090944290161, "token_count": 330, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__21258118", "lang": "en", "text": "Novawes are specialist suppliers of a wide range of quality products to the pharmaceutical, hygiene, food and beverage industries. We now offer a range of Silica Gel Sachets for industrial applications.\nSilica gel is a commonly used desiccant that adsorbs and holds water vapour. Little packets of silica gel are found in all sorts of products. In leather products and foods like beef or pork sausage, the lack of moisture can limit the growth of mold and reduce spoilage. In electronics and camera equipment it prevents condensation, which might damage the electronics. In a bottle of vitamins, condensation could speed up the decomposition of the chemicals and ruin the pills or capsules. Today, you will find little silica gel packets in anything that would be affected by excess moisture or condensation.\n- Dehydration process\n- Moisture absorption from a sealed vessel\n- Catalyst carrier\n- Breather transformer process\n- Air- conditioning\n- Hearing aids\n- Industrial gas drying (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, etc.)\n- Purification of industrial natural gases\n- Dehydrated food storage\n- Electronic materials packaging\n- Leather products packaging\n- Pharmaceuticals bottles, tablets & capsules packaging\n- Prevent moisture, spoilage, mold and mildew\nGet Competitive Supplier Rates\nContact us for a quotation.\nNovawes pre-packed silica gel in permeable sachets have a high moisture adsorbing capacity and are compact, durable, non-dusting and disposable. Available in a variety of sorbent blends and sachet sizes to meet specific packaging needs.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.koscoheritage.com/air-cleaners/", "date": "2019-06-16T13:20:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998238.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616122738-20190616144738-00022.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9153276681900024, "token_count": 144, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__214317050", "lang": "en", "text": "KoscoHeritage installs quality air cleaners from Honeywell\nthat can remove up to 99% of airborne pollutants.\nIn years past, asthmatics and allergy suffers were the customers most concerned with the need for removing pollutants from the air. Today, more and more knowledgeable consumers understand the necessity for air cleaning technology. As homes become more airtight and energy efficient they retain common household pollutants like smoke, aerosol sprays, cleaners and other chemicals as well as dust, dirt and pollen. Quality air cleaners from Honeywell can remove up to 99% of airborne pollutants to improve comfort, keep homes cleaner and create a healthier home environment.\nUltraviolet Air Treatment System\nWhole-House Air Cleaners", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://maritimemarketing.co.za/product-category/ancillaries/motan/", "date": "2022-06-26T23:23:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103322581.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626222503-20220627012503-00073.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9297541975975037, "token_count": 202, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__183378445", "lang": "en", "text": "MOTAN-COLORTRONIC are a leading global manufacturer of peripheral units, systems for plastics manufacturers, processors and for the chemicals industry. Drawing on their unique expertise, covering materials handling from end to end, they develop solutions for specific, specialist applications. From injection and blow moulding, to extrusion, compounding and in-line systems through to chemical processes.\nThe merger of MOTAN, COLORTRONIC-SYSTEMS and COLORTRONIC has created a company with a range of skills and capabilities that perfectly complement each other – spanning the entire process chain for plastics manufacturing and processing and for the chemicals industry. This knowledge is based on over 65 years of experience.\nCreative thinking: the basis for developing solutions for specialist applications\nAn integrated network: the ability to develop and implement flexible solutions on time – and to deliver them to customers via a global sales and service network\nModular solutions: the basis for customer-specific solutions that are tailored to meet your needs", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.renefris.com/products/anti-frizz-cleanser", "date": "2022-05-23T05:18:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662555558.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523041156-20220523071156-00540.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.777498185634613, "token_count": 408, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__244990788", "lang": "en", "text": "- In a word, impressive\n- Silky, glossy, humidity-proof hair.\n- Alive with movement.\n- Contours are precise and well-defined.\n- Long-lasting shine, regardless of climate.\nMassage thoroughly into wet hair and scalp. Rinse and follow with René Fris Anti-Frizz Conditioner.\n- Additional information\nKnown in its native Norway as Highland Gold, the scarce and precious Cloudberry extract is combined with the nourishing extracts of Rhodiola root and Birch as well as ultra-moisturizing D-Panthenol to create the optimal scalp environment for fabulously healthy hair that is fresh, vibrant and remarkably radiant.\nA whisper-soft signature scent. Crisp, citrusy notes of Lime, Tangerine and Lavender open up into a floral heart of Jasmine and Lilac with hints of warm Sandalwood and Vanilla.\nSilicone-free. Sulfate-free. Paraben-free. MEA-free. DEA-free. No animal testing. Safe for color-treated hair.\n(8.5 fl oz) (250ml)\nWater, Sodium C1 4-16 Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Cocamide DIPA, Polyquaternium-10, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Tetrasodium EDTA, Fragrance, Citric Acid, Rhodiola Rosea Extract, Panthenol, Glycerin, Rubus Chamaemorus Fruit Extract, Betula Alba Bark Extract, Propylene Glycol (and) Diazolidinyl Urea (and) Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://news.watercloudsolutions.com/news/310638/global-organic-face-care-ingredients-market-is-estimated-to-register-cagr-of-4-85-by-2024/", "date": "2020-08-10T10:31:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738674.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810102345-20200810132345-00261.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9129981398582458, "token_count": 834, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__29782236", "lang": "en", "text": "The global market for organic face care ingredients is estimated to be valued at USD 1,650.5 million, with a CAGR of 4.85% from 2019 to 2024 (forecast period). The study provides a brief overview of the COVID-19 analysis on the global organic face care ingredients market to provide the latest insight into the emerging market dynamics. The report includes estimates, review, discussion of emerging developments in the sector, market growth, market share forecasts, and key market players.\nFace care ingredients are the raw materials used in the manufacture of face care products. Ingredients can be synthesized chemicals or naturally produced substances. Organic face care ingredients are produced mainly without the use of any chemical compounds. The various categories of organic ingredients used in the manufacture of face ingredients are surfactants, emollients, active ingredients, sugar polymers, and preservatives.\nGet a FREE Sample Copy of Report: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/1562\nThe global market for face care has seen significant growth over the last few years. Market growth is boosted mainly by the release of new face care products, including skin-whitening creams, anti-aging creams, and many more. In addition, the rising geriatric population across the globe, along with an increasing consumer desire to look younger, is expected to increase the demand for anti-aging creams, which, in effect, will fuel the growth of face care ingredients market.\nThe need for organic face care is growing in the broader field due to increasing consumer awareness about synthetic compounds’ detrimental effects. Therefore, the manufacturers of facial care products are emphasizing in the organic ingredients to introduce organic face care products.\nThe global organic face care ingredients market has been segmented based on product type and application.\nBased on product type, the global market for organic face care ingredients has been classified into surfactants, emollients, active ingredients, preservatives, sugar polymers and others.\nBased on application, the global market for organic face care ingredients has been classified into face wash skin-whitening creams, anti-aging creams, cleansing wipes, and others.\nThe global market for organic face care ingredients has been analyzed for four key regions—North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world.\nEurope is estimated to hold the largest market for organic face care ingredients, both in value and volume. The growth of the market for organic face care ingredients is related to a variety of factors. The production of face care products is remarkably high in the European region due to the strong demand for face care products. Consumers in Europe are compelled towards natural products in order to avoid skin allergies, which could lead to excessive use of synthetic ingredients. In addition, Europe is expected to account for the substantial market share of the dominant market share of the organic face care ingredients market. Among the European countries, Germany and France have a significant market share due to the high production facility for face care products.\nAccess Full Report: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/organic-face-care-ingredients-1562\nNorth America contributed 32% of the global market share of organic face care ingredients in 2018. It is anticipated to see a modest growth rate during the forecast period.\nThe Asia Pacific region is estimated to see significant growth during the forecast period 2019-2024.\nSome of the significant participants operating in the global organic face care ingredients market are Akzo Nobel N.V. (Netherlands), BASF SE (Germany), SILAB (France), Clariant AG (Switzerland), Ashland, Inc. (US), The Agrana Group (Austria), Croda International PLC (UK), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), Lubrizol Corporation (US), GatteFosse SAS (France), Galaxy Surfactants Ltd. (India), Cargill, Incorporated (US), Solvay S.A. (Belgium), Symrise AG (Germany), Lucas Meyer Cosmetics (US)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://demos.wazoefu.co.tz/", "date": "2023-12-02T01:55:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100309.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202010506-20231202040506-00811.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9343810081481934, "token_count": 181, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__52200703", "lang": "en", "text": "Solar Nitro Chemicals Limited was incorporated on January 9th, 2008 as a limited company under the Tanzania Companies Act 2002. It serves as a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Limited (SIIL), the largest manufacturer and exporter of explosives in India. The formation of SNCL is driven by the objective of manufacturing and selling explosives and related products to meet the local mining demands in Tanzania. The establishment of Solar Nitro Chemicals Ltd. was facilitated by Solar Industries Africa Ltd. and Ortin Investment Ltd., who played a key role in setting up the business operations, including the manufacture and supply of industrial (commercial) explosives, trading in ammonium nitrate, packaged explosives, and explosives accessories.\nOur areas of expertise\nSafety and regulatory compliance\nMolecular Explosive Manufacturing\nWater Based Explosive & Precursor\nManufacturing both bulk and packaged\nManufacturing Bulk Explosive, Delivery Systems & Equipment Manufacturing", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.universalfire-ufec.com/fire-extinguishers", "date": "2017-11-20T04:05:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805911.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120032907-20171120052907-00607.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.901024580001831, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__5496204", "lang": "en", "text": "K-Guard® Kitchen-Class Fire Extinguishers\nOur available Ansul K-Guard fire extinguishers contain an Ansulex® liquid fire suppressant to knock down flames, forming a vapor-securing blanket, and cooling grease and surround surfaces. They are listed by UL and ULC for Class K fires.\nK-Guard extinguishers are ideal for applications that include restaurants, convenience stores, food courts, cafeterias, and other areas that utilize cooking greases/oils.\nRed Line® Wheeled Fire Extinguishers\nAnsul Red Line wheeled fire extinguishers are designed to protect high fire risk areas where there is potential for large fires to ignite. They are a heavy-duty solution with greater extinguishing agent capabilities than typical portable extinguishers, while remaining fully operable by a single person because of their high mobility.\nWheeled fire extinguishers are available with dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, and special dry powders. Typical applications include airports, loading docks, steel mills, paint spray booths, offshore platforms, heavy manufacturing, and more.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://beanblahblah.goat.me/6hhp9v8n", "date": "2020-01-26T01:44:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251684146.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200126013015-20200126043015-00269.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9442172646522522, "token_count": 681, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__37027655", "lang": "en", "text": "We've talked about the good tempered chocolate on past week. This week it's time to share the in dept explanation of the untempered chocolate by Chef Jon Hogan an experienced British chocolate maker/chocolatier who've been in the industry for a long time to share insights from his direct experience.\nYou may of seen or had a bar of chocolate that you left in the fridge or out in the sun and noticed it has changed, either being very crumbly /dusty and or streaky/patchy white in colour. The chocolate is still absolutely fine i.e it hasn't gone off or anything, its just in a different 'state of being'. It will taste fine but as the chocolate is in it's untempered state the cocoa butters are now separated and not coating all of the particles evenly within. Being in it's untemepred state as a consequence the melting points have changed so it will not melt evenly across your tongue therefore our taste receptors will not be able to detect the complexities of the flavor notes within the tasting profiles.\nIf the chocolate isn't in perfect temper and with the right crystal formed Beta 5, it will make a drastic change in formation and here we are going to explain chocolate in its two different states of being /untempepred, so called \"Sugar Bloom\" and \"Fat Bloom\".\nSugar Bloom is the migration of sugar crystals to the surface due to the chocolate being exposed to water/moisture and or cold temperatures. Due to the nature of the chocolate and being sensitive to temperatures and fluctuation if exposed to either of these, the following will take place consequentially and sequentially condensation will appear on the surface of the chocolate which causes the sugar to absorb the moisture and dissolve. When the sugar evaporates the sugar forms large crystals migration to surface leaves a glittering finishes then after a while turns very dull matt and pale at the surface.\nFat Bloom is the most common occurring bloom with a gracious pleasant to the eye displays at the surface. This is the separation of the fat crystal structure within the untempered chocolate. As we know, chocolate is made up of 6 different crystals that all form at different melting and solidifying temperature points. 'Fat Bloom' will occur if the chocolate becomes too hot exceeding the temperature of 28c it results in an irregularity of cocoa butter fat crystals being free and and un-linked from one another in its untempered state. The formation of crystals are ever changing and moving separating from one another resulting in the beautiful pieces of art that said are crafted by nature and the \"theobromine god\". When the chocolate is untempered but cold enough to set it will set in an un-crystallised state and form cocoa Fat Bloom at the surface. Each and every time will be completely unique!\nWhen is in its tempered state and the beta 5 crystal has formed they all set in one line with the correct crystal growth being beta 5 crystal and crystallize together setting with a mirror like high shine and good snap.\nResulting with a delicious melt in the mouth experience with many flavor compounds and tasting notes tantalize us.\nEvery step in the chocolate making process is critical. It is important to keep the working environment at the correct working temperature to avoid the above Bloom defects to keep the product retaining its tempered structure and finish.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.cnhs.org.uk/conversazione/seasonal-nathistfest-2020/small-scale-charcoal-making/", "date": "2023-12-01T02:40:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201021234-20231201051234-00552.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9363976716995239, "token_count": 573, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__64096565", "lang": "en", "text": "Richard Dowsett shows how charcoal can be made on a small-scale without any fancy equipment.\nThis exhibit shows the method I have developed to make charcoal for drawing. Any wood can be used to make charcoal but I have found willow to be the blackest; hazel gives a brownish tint and elder bluish. The smallest scale that I have found practical is a treacle tin, but sweet or biscuit tins produce a good quantity.\nSelect straight twigs and cut to length omitting knots and any badly bent sections. It makes life easier if the raw material is the same or similar thickness as this makes baking more consistent.\nFor younger children I use thicker twigs and under-bake so there is something positive to hold.\nAfter filling the tin (you can keep different species separate by partitions of paper, which survives as wafer thin charcoal sheets) put the perforated lid on and place on an established fire with good embers. It is absolutely essential that there are enough holes in the lid to accommodate the expanding gas and for volatiles to escape without exploding the tin.\nThe photo below shows a tightly packed kiln with segregated charcoal sticks. Willow, ash, elder and hazel are present. Note the holes in the lid to let the expanding and combustible gases out\nIt is easy to underestimate the heat in the tin when cooked and in the charcoal once cooking is completed. A tin that is cool enough to handle will almost certainly have an interior hot enough to spontaneously combust the charcoal when the lid is removed. Keep a bucket of water close.\nDue to the lack of oxygen the wood cannot burn but the gases will ignite once they mix with oxygen. Once this “birthday cake effect” is over and all smoke has gone, the hot tin can be lifted off the fire using tongs and dowsed until the temperature in the middle of the tin is low enough.\nThis stage is crucial: if there is too much residual heat, the sticks will oxidise and catch fire. The safest way is probably to submerge the whole tin under water or to swamp the charcoal sticks. The art is to use enough water to quench but such that it is evaporated to leave dry sticks. Otherwise the tin and contents can be cooked to drive off the water before setting light to them.\nA blackened biscuit tin containing charcoal. Water has been added to cool it down.\nThe charcoal is now ready for use.\nThe tedious part is stacking a tin so do not underestimate the time needed. The willow can be stripped but it is not essential. Allow 45 -60 mins for the baking, dependant on the fire you are using. Do not skimp on the cooling/dowsing stage.\nKeep the process safe and have fun.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://furniturevilla.com.au/product/currie-sit-stand-chrome-base-drafting-office-chair/", "date": "2022-05-28T07:10:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663013003.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528062047-20220528092047-00785.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9010892510414124, "token_count": 190, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__55954259", "lang": "en", "text": "The CURRIE Sit Stand Stool with AFRDI-Certified Polished Chrome Base is made from polyurethane (PU) which is resistant to most chemicals, making it suitable for medical and laboratory settings. It features a sturdy black PU seat for a modern look. The versatility of this chair ranges from lab practitioners to students in the food and science technology space.\n- Durable 5 Star Chrome Base with hard-tyred black castors\n- Durable and Chemical-Resistant PU Seat\n- Standard Handwheel Footring\n- Adjustable seat height\n- Recommended Weight Capacity: 90kg\n- Overall Height: 510-650 mm\n- Care Instructions: Wipe down with a clean damp cloth\n- Assembly Required: Yes\n- Product Warranty: 3 Years\n- Note from Local Manufacturer: Some components must be imported from overseas as they cannot be manufactured here in Australia.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://plumbingheating.org/example-post-2/", "date": "2017-09-25T11:18:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818691476.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925111643-20170925131643-00299.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9550290107727051, "token_count": 496, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__24489132", "lang": "en", "text": "Are store bought drain cleaners any good?\nSo you’re stuck with a clogged drain:\nChemical drain cleaners are very effective in fixing a typical hair-and-grease or toilet paper clog problem and are readily available in most stores, in solid or liquid form.\nWell, before you head out to the store to buy a drain cleaner, it might be wise to learn about the effects of these products before you apply them:\nToxicity and damage: Store bought drain cleaners are potentially very damaging to your plumbing system. These solutions rely on harsh chemicals in order to dissolve the obstruction. Drain cleaners contain unhealthy materials like acid, caustic and basic solvents, and often poisons such as bleach, lye, peroxides, potash and nitrates.\nAs a result of their chemical nature, these products are almost guaranteed to do some degree of damage to most pipes. Metal based plumbing systems can suffer because of the corrosive nature of these products, PVC pipes can be warped by the heat that is generated from the chemical reaction.\nEffectiveness: Chemical drain cleaners tend to be very effective indeed. So effective (read: corrosive), that once a small area of the clog is dissolved, the rest of the solution tends to just flow past the rest of the problem area. Meaning that a large part of the obstruction is not treated and thus remains there.\nAlso, while drain cleaners are effective at clearing organic matter close to the drain opening, they are less useful at getting rid of solid obstructions and clogs located further down the drain pipe.\nSafety risks: Drain cleaners are among the most hazardous publicly available household products. Because of their chemical nature, these products can be extremely hazardous to your health. You risk serious injuries if the solution comes into contact with your eyes, skin, lungs, and also clothing and various household materials such as wood, paint and aluminum. There is also a risk of explosion if the solution comes into contact with other chemical products that might possibly have been previously used in your pipes.\nAll in all, if you have a clogged drain, don’t make a beeline for the store just yet. Try to exhaust all your other options before you consider using store bought solutions. If a plunger doesn’t help, then see if you can open the drain and try cleaning it out by hand , if you have the budget, call in a professional service.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.cosmeceuticalsinternational.com/product/anti-blemish-lotion/", "date": "2023-12-04T06:26:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100525.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204052342-20231204082342-00240.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.861164927482605, "token_count": 161, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__164463649", "lang": "en", "text": "This lotion may be applied daily to “break-outs”. It is formulated with 10% Benzoyl Peroxide, 5% Sulphur, fruit acids and vitamin E to give quick, lasting results. This formula has been proven to kill the P-Acnes germ. Benefits: Visible results in just days, Penetrates deep (into the source areas), Reduces blackheads, Dries up pimples and pustules, Heals blemishes quickly, Controls excessive oil, For face, shoulders and back, Pharmaceutical grade ingredients, Natural Barbadensis Aloe Vera.\nApplication: Apply a small amount with a Q-tip to affected areas 1-2 times a day. Discontinue if irritation occurs. AVOID EYE AREA.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.nowhys.com/Which-Plastic-Is-Good-For-Water-Bottles-id48973677.html", "date": "2024-04-13T08:55:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413083102-20240413113102-00268.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9444515705108643, "token_count": 843, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__58272986", "lang": "en", "text": "Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-04-13 Origin: Site\nIn hot summer, whether it is outdoors or at home, a lightweight plastic sports water bottle is more popular with consumers. So there’s no wonder that they’re such big business in the water bottle market. Most sports water bottles are made of plastic. Compared with other materials, plastic products have the advantages of low cost and strong plasticity. Due to the strong market demand, plastic has become the second-largest material for water bottles in our factory. Plastics have different properties and are therefore also used to make different types of sports water bottles. This article will introduce the characteristics of several plastic materials commonly used in our factory in detail.\n1. PP (Polypropylene)\nPP is food-grade plastic, BPA-free, and FDA/LFGB tested. High impact resistance, temperature resistance up to 100°C, dishwasher and microwave oven safe. But it is restricted in some countries that ban plastic. Compared with other plastic, PP products have poor permeability, and the surface will have a matte feeling. Therefore, its price is also relatively low than others. It can be used to make sports bottles, plastic coffee tumblers, lunch boxes, injection-molded lids, accessories, etc.\nTritan is BPA-free and FDA/LFGB tested. It is the safest and healthiest plastic material at present, and it is also the designated material for baby bottles in Europe and America. It is the most used material in the BPA-free bottles exported by our company, and the price is also the most expensive among plastic materials. It is easy to process and can be processed by various methods such as injection molding, blow molding, injection stretch blowing, etc. Generally speaking, molds that can be normally produced with PC can be produced with Tritan without modification. Tritan material is widely used in various space cups, sports bottles, children’s bottles, coffee bottles, transparent accessories, etc.\nBoth Tritan and SK are made of high-temperature-resistant plastic with high safety. Its overall performance is close to Tritan, and its price is lower than Tritan. It is often used in low-end temperature-resistant plastic bottles. The highest standard SK material can also pass the FDA/LFGB test, with a temperature resistance of 100°C.\n4. Petg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)\nPETG is a low-temperature material. Obviously, PETG is not heat-resistant, and the heat distortion temperature is 65-70 °C. PETG has the same permeability as Tritan and is often used in sports water bottles for cold water. Due to the extrusion blow molding process, the thickness of this bottle will be relatively thin, about 0.5mm (the thickness of conventional sports bottles is about 1.2-1.5mm), so the resistance to falling is poor.\nAS is a medium-grade material, and the unit price of the material is low. It has excellent light transmittance and blue background, but its impact resistance is poor and easy to scratch. And can not withstand high temperatures, the maximum temperature resistance is 80℃. AS material is often used in single/double-layer straw cups, coffee cups, cold drink cups, tea infusers, accessories, etc.\nThe following table lists 9 common plastic materials and compares them in terms of appearance, drop resistance, heat resistance, and safety and so on.\nConclusion: Tritan is the first choice for plastic bottles, especially children’s water bottles must be made of tritan to ensure that they have passed various American and European standards. The lids and plastic tumblers are mainly made of PP material. Moreover, the seasonal cold drink bottles are generally made of AS material, and the popular motivational gallon bottles in recent years are usually made of PETG.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.bonefix.org/post/kth-develops-new-antibacterial-hydrogel-for-protection-against-surgical-site-infections", "date": "2024-04-21T14:51:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00756.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.914363443851471, "token_count": 372, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__59390483", "lang": "en", "text": "All surgeries carry a risk of bacterial infection. These surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a serious health risk to patients as they can result in increased physiological stress, prolonged hospitalization and an increased chance of morbidity. This is why the BoneFix project will include an antibacterial hydrogel, which will be applied as a top coating over the fixation patch, to protect the patient from surgical site infections. The research team at KTH have recently completed the formulation of this hydrogel, which includes cationically charged dendritic-linear-dendritic polymers. The high concentration of cationic charges on these polymers allows them to kill bacteria by disrupting their negatively charged cell membranes. Importantly, this mode of antibacterial action does not require the use of antibiotics; therefore, the use of these polymers will not contribute to the growing threat of emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria strains.\nIn addition to cationic charges, the dendritic-linear-dendritic polymers contain allyl functional groups, allowing for their curing with thiol crosslinking polymers through thiol-ene coupling chemistry. The hydrogel solution is simply applied to the top of the fixation patch and cured with the same high-energy visible light emitting lamp that is used to cure the fixation patch and bone scaffold hydrogel technologies of BoneFix. The use of thiol-ene coupling chemistry to cure all three of the BoneFix domains will allow surgeons to efficiently and simply make bone restoration patches without needing to master multiple curing techniques.\nThe team at KTH looks forward to demonstrating the antibacterial hydrogel together with the other BoneFix domains on various bone fractures later in the project. KTH and the consortium partner Biomedical Bonding AB are also developing prototype product kits for the delivery and application of the hydrogel.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://systemtek.co.uk/2017/10/philips-headphones-model-shk-2000bl00-product-recall/", "date": "2020-11-30T11:54:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00627.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9077779054641724, "token_count": 130, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__45771159", "lang": "en", "text": "The plastic material of the ear cups contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including chrysene (measured value: up to 12.7 mg/kg) and benz(a)anthracene (measured value 6.7 mg/kg). These PAHs are carcinogenic. A person could be exposed if the product comes into direct and prolonged or repetitive contact with the skin.\nThe product does not comply with the REACH Regulation.\nMeasures ordered by public authorities (to: Retailer): Other\nIf you have these it is recommended you stop using them, and return them if possible.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.fbg.be/106281", "date": "2022-05-28T22:17:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00662.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9241548776626587, "token_count": 167, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__87688499", "lang": "en", "text": "ICL produces, supplies and inspects heat-resistant gaskets, seals and insulation material.\nThe core of ICL’s business activities comprises the manufacture of heat-resistant gaskets in all possible thicknesses and qualities. In many cases, Kerasil 325® plays an important role. This is a high-temperature-resistant material based on fibre paper and silicones. Apart from Kerasil 325®, other base materials are used such as safe materials, vermiculite, stainless steel foil, graphite, rubber, felt, etc.\nCustomers are leading companies in fields that include appliance manufacturing and the steel industry. Manufacturers of central heating boilers, heaters, gas cookers and air heating equipment form a particularly important group of buyers..\nICL is active worldwide.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://teethswhitening.com/is-this-molecule-the-future-of-caries-treatment/", "date": "2020-02-18T01:29:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143455.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217235417-20200218025417-00328.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8779773116111755, "token_count": 121, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__41385990", "lang": "en", "text": "Dentists have been drilling and filling for decades, but what if one molecule could end this practice for good? Scientists have created a peptide with antimicrobial and remineralizing properties to help prevent and maybe even reverse tooth decay.\nRead more on DrBicuspid.com\nTitle: Is this molecule the future of caries treatment?\nSourced From: www.drbicuspid.com/redirect/redirect.aspx?itemid=325846&wf=33\nPublished Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 07:00:00 GMT", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://floridatennisnews.com/2019/02/which-protein-shake-is-the-best-whey-casein-genus-or-soy/", "date": "2019-10-15T15:19:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986659097.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015131723-20191015155223-00109.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9602470993995667, "token_count": 1439, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__66371920", "lang": "en", "text": "Protein is a necessary building block for muscle tissue. In actual fact the human muscle cell is made up for largely simple protein fragments called amino acids. Amino acids are molecules which can be arranged to make varied types of protein molecules. Protein is a generic time period that means an arrangement of those amino acids, certain together. The body could make any form of protein it needs out of amino acids, nevertheless it needs a strong pool in which to gather the necessary amino acid fragments. Proteins from the diet provide the body with these essential and non-essential amino acids, which are broken down within the stomach and then rearranged at a cellular level to create proteins needed for mobile and muscle growth.\nAll protein is not the same however. Each protein type has its personal amino acid make up and quality. Meaning, that completely different quantities of the 22 amino acids make up every protein type. This is necessary because the standard of the protein largely is dependent upon its amino acid make up. High quality proteins like Whey, Egg, Casein and Genus protein are perfect for the bodybuilder while different varieties similar to Soy and Collagen are largely shunned by the bodybuilding group because of their poor amino acid profile.\nHow much protein a bodybuilder needs relies on the quantity of activity and if the bodybuilder is taking supplements that may benefit from additional protein like the assorted “andro” products on the market. Supplements like andro will assist pace up protein synthesis which would require even more protein than typical when understanding heavily.\nThis of course is why individuals call “andro” the king of all supplements. Still, if andro is the king, then protein makes up the subjects. You can’t build muscle with out it. Protein is the single most necessary facet of supplementing for the bodybuilder. Choosing a high high quality protein is of the utmost significance as is getting enough protein in the diet.\nEven probably the most novice bodybuilder ought to be taking in roughly 3/4 of a gram of protein per pound of body Weight Gainer. This means a median male should take in about 120g per day. Protein within the eating regimen can come from quite a lot of sources like meat, fish, eggs and beans.\nMeats like, chicken, beef and pork comprise about 7-10 grams of protein per ounce. The leaner the meat, the more the protein content. Eggs comprise about 6g of protein per egg, which means you’d need to eat a 5 egg breakfast to get 30g of protein in your diet. A typical 8oz flank steak with 7g of protein will net you about 56g of protein and a 6oz chicken breast offers you 42g of protein. Consuming a food regimen like this every day will give the novice bodybuilder about 120g of protein per day.\nIf you’re seeking to supercharge your beneficial properties and are following a strict workout program, then it would be best to get more like one hundred seventy-190g of protein in the food plan per day. Additionally, in case you are taking a supplement like andro, which puts your body into a hyper growth state, then that magic number will be as high as 250g of protein per day to hit your peak muscle building requirements. With numbers like this, a regular weight loss program is not going to work. Most people just do not wish to eat 10 eggs for breakfast, 2 steaks at lunch and three chicken breasts for dinner. That is why they turn to protein supplements within the form of a protein shake.\nProtein shakes are available a wide variety of flavors, making them a much more take pleasure inable than in years past. There are types of shakes available on the market: MRP and Protein Shakes. MRP is a “meal replacement” which accommodates fats and usually a carbohydrate source. I don’t find these to be good at all because they use awful carbohydrates like maltodextrin. Protein shakes often have less than 5g of carbohydrate per serving and anyplace from 20-25g of protein per scoop. This makes getting the almost 200g of protein per day for an advanced bodybuilder much easier. The shakes are often tasty and are far more convenient than other protein sources like meat or eggs.\nThere are various forms of protein in a normal shake however there are really 5 primary types of protein you’ll find bodybuilders using. They each have their advantages and disadvantages although some are better than others.\nWhey protein concentrate, from milk, is probably the most extensively used protein source. It’s high in the branched chain amino acids which are essential for building muscle and probably the key factor in why whey protein is so good at building mass. Whey is the standard by which all other protein is judged. Some whey solely products can comprise an excessive amount of lactose although, making it very hard to digest and inflicting uncomfortable bloating.\nCasein is one other protein from milk. The casein claim to fame is that it takes longer to digest in the stomach. This is good for a night time protein, since it’s going to feed the muscle throughout a protracted sleep. Casein has been shown to be slightly inferior to whey in its muscle building ability.\nEgg protein is the usual by which all other protein is judged. Egg protein is very costly, which makes getting a hundred% pure egg protein powerful to find. It is vitally easy to digest and has a very good bio-availability but its amino acid profile isn’t as impressive as whey.\nGenus protein is from the yellow pea, making it a vegetable based protein. It is far completely different from most protein sources because it is highest in Glutaine and Arginine, making it an important protein to stack with whey. Genus protein is the best to digest and has a really low fat content, making it the most effective proteins to use in a mix with whey. It tastes great and is a really high quality protein.\nSoy protein will not be an entire protein and most bodybuilders keep away from it due to the estrogenic flavones in soybeans. These estrogenic hormonal agents can act like estrogen in the body. Estrogen is the female hormone and reduces muscle density and makes you fat.\nHemp protein is so lousy tasting that I can not stomach ingesting enough to know whether it is good at building muscle. If in case you have an iron gut and you do not thoughts consuming something that tastes like pond water combined with backyard soil, go for it.\nThe actually best protein shake I really feel is a combination of Genus protein and Whey protein. These give a a lot better digestibility factor than straight whey and in addition perfectly balance each other in amino acids that matter to the bodybuilder. Whey incorporates high amounts of branched chain amino acids and Genus protein comprises high quantities of Glutamine and Arginine. Mixing these two makes for a killer combination.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://taskacarp.com/products/evolve-shurelink-100-spliceable-fluorocarbon-leader-braid", "date": "2018-12-19T08:42:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376831715.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219065932-20181219091932-00105.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9179854989051819, "token_count": 179, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__145358639", "lang": "en", "text": "The Evolve is a leader material, which is made by individual fluorocarbon strands that are woven together. The material has been through a revolutionary manufacturing process of braiding together single strands of fluorocarbon, making it easy to splice and giving it some truly unique properties. The process has resulted in it being incredibly supple, heavy, and highly abrasion resistant. Unlike any other braided leader material, the Evolve leader can stretch up to 25% - making it very forgiving whilst playing fish under the rod tip and reducing hook pulls. Available in Weedy Green and Camou Brown, and both 10M and 20M Spools.\nWeedy Green 10 Meters - TAS1767\nWeedy Green 20 Meters - TAS1725\nCamou Brown 10 Meters - TAS1768\nCamou Brown 20 Meters - TAS1726", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.lacledegas.com/about/news/article/133/", "date": "2017-02-20T15:34:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170569.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00230-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9109761714935303, "token_count": 377, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__60383341", "lang": "en", "text": "Media Line: if you're a member of the media and would like to speak with us regarding a news story, please call us at 314-342-3300.\nOctober 30, 2014\nST. LOUIS (October 30, 2014) – When setting back the clock this weekend, take the extra time to change the batteries in your carbon monoxide detector. While many detectors plug into the wall, most have a battery backup. When carbon monoxide builds in an enclosed space, the results can be life threatening. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless, invisible gas so it can be difficult to know when it is present.\n“Laclede Gas responds to every call of carbon monoxide but this time of the year, we see these calls spike as customers turn on their furnaces. While properly working gas appliances are safe, your first line of defense against carbon monoxide is early detection including annual appliance inspections and working CO detectors,” said Tim Goodson, director of safety for Laclede Gas. “Change the batteries and test the detector now using the manufacturer’s instructions.”\nDon’t have a CO detector? Now is the time to get one. Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete burning of fuel. These fuel sources are often used in the winter including furnaces, portable generators, stoves, lanterns, gas ranges, vehicles or burning charcoal or wood.\nKnow the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning:\nIf you have these symptoms, go outside to fresh air and call your local fire department immediately.\nEasy Tips to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:\nFor more safety tips visit, LacledeGas.com/safety.\nLaclede Gas Media Line\nCopyright © echo date('Y'); ?> Laclede Gas Company All rights reserved.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://lifeunlocked.eu/blogs/news/unveiling-the-mystery-of-nad-the-key-to-cellular-renewal-and-longevity", "date": "2024-04-14T03:47:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00235.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9218972325325012, "token_count": 896, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__86874191", "lang": "en", "text": "Imagine a molecule that holds the key to unlocking our bodies' remarkable ability to repair, rejuvenate, and potentially extend our lifespan. That molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a vital player in cellular processes that govern our health and well-being.\nWhat is NAD?\nNAD, a coenzyme, acts like a helper molecule for enzymes, the tiny workers that carry out countless tasks in our cells. Its name reflects its two components: nicotinamide, derived from vitamin B3, and adenine dinucleotide, a common building block in cells.\nNAD's Crucial Roles in Cellular Processes\nNAD plays a central role in various cellular processes that are essential for life:\n- DNA Repair: NAD is a key player in repairing damaged DNA, protecting our cells from the harmful effects of free radicals and mutations that can lead to aging and disease.\n- Metabolism: NAD is crucial for converting food into energy, providing the fuel our cells need for various functions.\n- Cellular Communication: NAD facilitates communication between cells, ensuring they can coordinate their activities and maintain healthy functioning.\n- Hormonal Regulation: NAD influences the production and function of hormones, which play a vital role in regulating our metabolism, stress response, and other bodily processes.\nHow NAD Levels Affect Longevity\nAs we age, NAD levels in our bodies naturally decline. This decline can impair cellular function, leading to an increased risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and heart disease.\nThe Impact of Fasting on NAD Levels\nFasting, a dietary practice that involves abstaining from food for a period, has been shown to have a significant impact on NAD levels. Studies have demonstrated that fasting triggers a process called autophagy, which involves the cellular recycling of damaged components. This process can lead to an increase in NAD levels, promoting cellular repair and rejuvenation.\nDelving into Autophagy: The Cellular Recycling Process\nAutophagy, a Greek term meaning \"self-eating,\" is a natural cellular process that involves the breakdown and recycling of damaged or dysfunctional components within cells. This process plays a crucial role in removing cellular waste, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and promoting longevity.\nDuring autophagy, cells engulf and digest damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and other cellular debris. This process helps to prevent the accumulation of these harmful substances, which can contribute to aging and disease. Autophagy also plays a role in cellular renewal and regeneration, allowing cells to replace damaged components and maintain their youthful vigor.\nFasting and Autophagy: A Synergistic Relationship\nFasting has been shown to induce autophagy, leading to increased NAD levels and cellular rejuvenation. During fasting, the body shifts its energy source from glucose derived from food to ketone bodies produced from stored fat. This metabolic switch stimulates the production of autophagy proteins, initiating the cellular recycling process.\nAutophagy also plays a role in protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress, a process that generates harmful free radicals that can damage DNA and proteins. By promoting autophagy, fasting helps to counteract the effects of oxidative stress, further enhancing NAD levels and promoting cellular health.\nAutophagy and Longevity: A Promising Link\nThe activation of autophagy through fasting and other interventions is a promising strategy for promoting longevity. By supporting cellular repair and renewal, autophagy may help to prevent age-related diseases and extend our healthy lifespan.\nAs research continues to explore the mechanisms of autophagy and its relationship to NAD, we may uncover more ways to harness this process to enhance our overall well-being and unlock the true potential of human longevity.\nThe Connection Between NAD and Longevity\nThe maintenance of healthy NAD levels is crucial for longevity. By enhancing NAD production, fasting may potentially extend our lifespan by protecting our cells from damage and promoting cellular regeneration.\nConclusion: NAD and the Quest for Longevity\nNAD is a fascinating molecule with profound implications for our health and longevity. By understanding its role in cellular processes and exploring strategies to maintain or boost NAD levels, we may be able to unlock new avenues for maintaining youthfulness and extending our healthy lifespan. As research continues to unravel the mysteries of NAD, we may one day harness its power to live longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://powerfulcleaningllc.com/protecting-the-environment-with-eco-friendly-cleaning/", "date": "2019-11-21T01:03:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670643.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121000300-20191121024300-00113.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9370699524879456, "token_count": 458, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__125841474", "lang": "en", "text": "World over as economies grow and companies strengthen in numbers, the demand of maintaining a clean workspace too also grows. Powerful Cleaning LLC understands and is prepared to meet today’s corporate and residential cleaning demands.\nWith this growing demand, the production and consumption of cleaning solvents and chemicals have tripled. Manufacturers of such cleaning products restored to quicker ways of developing such cleaning products by turning to chemicals that require less preparation and procurement.\nHowever, the scientific world soon discovered that the wastage resulting from such cleaning products is proving to be a great harm for us & our environment.\nChemicals being used to clean offices & homes were being dumped into our oceans and buried deep within our earth. Both of which lay waste to our natural resources.\nProfessional Cleaning LLC has taken special care and training our staff to head to warnings by the scientific community and the warnings of planet Earth. We have ensured that we use only “Green” chemicals that have been manufactured and will be disposed in a manner that will not harm our eco-system in any way.\nWe combine eco-friendly cleaning products, equipment, procedures & training necessary to provide our clients with a clean, healthy & productive environment.\nWe partner with you to create a customized green cleaning program to meet your specific cleaning requirements.\nThis Green Cleaning Program begs the service provider (us) consider the cleaning solutions, products & equipment used in the cleaning of your office or residential space including: paper products, vacuum cleaners, floor machines, carpet extractors, entryway mats, etc.\nOur Green Cleaning Program Includes:\n- Facility specific green cleaning program created specifically for your facility which ensures our staff have sufficient time and work in a systemized manner to achieve a consistently excellent clean.\n- Non-toxic, biodegradable certified cleaning products to minimize the impact on human health and the environment.\n- HEPA filter vacuum cleaners and floor equipment that decrease dust, lower noise emissions, energy usage, and cleaning solution waste, improving the working environment for all of your employees.\n- Dedicated Recycling programs.\n- Color coded microfiber cleaning products to eliminate any risk of cross infection.\n- Post-Consumer recycled paper/sanitary products & Green cleaning training programs", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.gatewayoaksdental.com/for-patients/oral-health-topics/decay-prevention/", "date": "2024-02-21T17:05:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473524.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221170215-20240221200215-00689.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9451178312301636, "token_count": 296, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__159642381", "lang": "en", "text": "You can take steps to prevent tooth decay. One great way to prevent tooth decay is to receive topical fluoride treatments to help strengthen your teeth. Fluoride treatments can be administered during normal visits to Gateway Oaks Dental. This fluoride treatment is quick and painless, taking just a few minutes. There is minimal inconvenience, and the fluoride treatment is comfortable and easy. Professional fluoride is available in the form of a gel, foam, or varnish.\nYour drinking water supply may also contain fluoride that promotes healthy teeth, and many foods contain fluoride as well. Your dentist can help determine the level of fluoride in your drinking water, and we can supply fluoride supplements if necessary. Our dentists also recommend that you use fluoridated toothpaste for extra protection.\nFluoride is a naturally found mineral that helps to protect your teeth from decay by rebuilding and remineralizing the enamel layer of the tooth as it is attacked and broken down throughout the day by acids, bacteria, sugars, and foods. By maintaining a good supply of fluoride in your diet, water intake, and toothpaste, you can help to prevent cavities and tooth decay. You can also receive fluoride through mouthwashes and other supplements.\nFor more information on the benefits of fluoride in Sacramento, California, and to learn how you can prevent decay, we invite you to contact us today at 916-649-0249 and schedule an appointment with Dr. Hoang Truong.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.zipwall.com/engineering360-ieee-the-importance-of-containment-in-soda-blasting/", "date": "2023-09-30T12:02:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00087.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9269235730171204, "token_count": 354, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__80887092", "lang": "en", "text": "Engineering360 – IEEE – The Importance of Containment in Soda Blasting Jun 2018\nIEEE Global Specs mentions ZipWall® barriers as a type of containment enclosures for portable blasting. Excerpts:\n“Abrasive blasting is a widely used method for removing surface contaminants, encompassing a variety of abrasive blast media — from highly abrasive (e.g., garnet) to moderately abrasive (e.g., crushed glass) to mildly abrasive (e.g., baking soda). Because all types of blasting involve forcibly propelling media under high pressure against whatever surface (substrate) is being cleaned, all types of blasting create some level of airborne particulate dust — and, as a result, the need for some level of containment during the blasting process.”\n“The most important consideration with regard to particulate dust is its level of toxicity, which depends upon three interdependent factors: the substrate being blasted, the contaminants being removed and the type of blast media used. Substrates such as concrete and sandstone masonry, for instance, are partially comprised of toxic materials; the more abrasive the blast media, the more toxic substrate is forced into the air in the form of dust during blasting. The same holds true for the toxic contaminants being removed, such as paint chips and many types of coatings.”\n“Portable blasting: Portable blasting is made possible by a piece of equipment known as a blast pot … enclosures such as vinyl tarps, heat-shrinkable plastic sheets, reusable fabric ZipWall® products and others can be built around the work area to provide containment.”\nRead the full article on insights.globalspec.com.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://woodenhillcoffee.co.uk/product/swiss-water-decaf-filter-mexico/", "date": "2024-04-13T22:40:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816853.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413211215-20240414001215-00135.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9228218793869019, "token_count": 324, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__189982332", "lang": "en", "text": "Swiss Water Decaf Filter MEXICO\n£7.75 – £27.00\nA Chemical free decaf coffee from Mexico…\nGrown in the Pluma Hidalgo sub-region, home to it’s own variety, Pluma.\nPluma farming has shifted primarily into the hands of smallholders who provide the care and attention these plants have needed out of sheer necessity of their own farms survival. With their perseverance has come great reward: beautiful, high-grown coffees with dynamic and captivating flavour profiles.\nRegion: Costa and Sierra Sur\nAltitude: 1500-2200 MASL\nProcess: Tradition pulping and washing\nCaffeine Removal: Swiss Water Process\nTasting Notes: Caramel, Dark Chocolate, Guava, Marzipan\nTo prepare the beans for caffeine removal, they are cleaned and hydrated with pure, local water, the beans are then introduced to an internally developed Green Coffee Extract (GCE), and caffeine removal begins. Caffeine ventures out on its own, away from the coffee beans into the GCE until the ratio of soluble compounds in the GCE to the compounds in the coffee reach the point of equilibrium. Caffeine and GCE flow continuously through carbon filters until all the caffeine is trapped and separated from the GCE, which is refreshed so that it can be used again and again to remove more caffeine. The process is monitored for around 10 hours and caffeine levels checked as well as time, and gauge temperature controls, until the coffee is 99.9% caffeine free.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://steroidsofficial.com/anvarol/", "date": "2018-01-18T15:30:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887423.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118151122-20180118171122-00545.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9240167737007141, "token_count": 3091, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__48123802", "lang": "en", "text": "Anvarol over Anavar!\nAnavar also known as Oxandrolone hormone is one of the most popular oral anabolic steroid with significant benefits in therapeutic aspect, performance enhancement and body fat cutting. Anavar is essentially a dihydrotestosterone hormone that has been structurally altered. Similar to every other anabolic steroid Anavar poses various threats to your body, including, Androgenic, cardiovascular, Testosterone and hepatoxic threats.\nDue to these threats posed by Anavar to your health, like other anabolic steroids FDA has issued a ban on direct usage of Anavar.\nAnvarol by Crazybulk, on the other hand uses a very fine blend of 100% natural ingredients to duplicate the benefits of Anavar without leaving you with any sorts of health risk. Anvarol retains all benefits in terms of therapeutic usage, performance enhancement and body fat cutting. The completely natural and herbal ingredients used in Anvarol makes it absolutely side effects free and certainly legal. Anvarol is manufactured in FDA approved facilities, making it free from any sorts of ban and readily available without any prescription.\nThe reasons why you should avoid Anavar needs to be brought into focus before any further discussion. It is only when you have known the damages of Anavar, will you be able to appreciate and value the existence of Anvarol.\nAdverse Side Effects:\nCardiovascular: Cardiovascular troubles are the most prominent and disturbing side effects of extensive Anavar usage. Anavar critically tampers with the cholesterol levels of your body. Oxandrolone hormone reduces HDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL cholesterol levels by almost 50% and 30% respectively, leaving you at the risk of heart diseases, high blood pressure and heart attacks.\nHepatoxicity: Anavar is very difficult on your liver. A potential toxic threat is what it is. Extensive usage of Anavar will significantly increase your liver enzyme values. Liver damage is a very common issue that comes alongwith the administration of Anavar into your body.\nIssues encompassing Testosterone levels: Anavar will suppress the natural production of testosterone in your body. Though the steroid provides free testosterone on its own, still a reduced levels of testosterone production will bring about certain difficulties, including shrinkage of testicles, loss of libido, loss of bone density, fatigue, decreased sperm count and erectile dysfunction.\nLess severe side effects:\n- Loss of hair\n- Virilization in women\n- Kidney damage\n- Behavioral changes and anger issues\n- Body swelling\n- Skin problems\nAnvarol: A potent and natural alternative to Anavar\nFor long you have been tempted by the finely defined vascularity, a lean cut physique with a hard and enduring muscular look and a punch of strength to spearhead your workout sessions with ease. But never have you been able to achieve any of it. Well could but you had to use anabolic steroids for it, and you have always been wary of the threats posed by these anabolic steroids.\nWell friend, your wait is at its end, because now you have the option to Anvarol, all you have to do, is simply choose it. Anvarol is in line to Crazybulk's series of natural mimic steroid supplements. Anvarol like other products by crazybulk finely mimics the effects of Anavar ( it's no coincidence that the product spells so similar to Anavar) minus the side effects, to present you with a safer alternative.\nAnvarol packs in several benefits into a single capsule by using a fine blend of 100% natural ingredients. Each ingredient strives to replicate a particular benefit of Anavar. Potent and natural attributes of these ingredients make them astonishingly free of side effects. You simply get the best, minus the worst of Anavar.\nThese natural ingredients used are generally herbal ingredients or common medicinal ingredients which have plenty of other beneficial traits as well. Hence, Anvarol and other products by Crazybulk not only mimics the benefits of their counterpart anabolic steroids but also promote a general well being of your body and mind.\nSide effects are a question afar. Anvarol and the other products by crazybulk will not only deliver you bodybuilding benefits but heal your body at rudimentary levels.\nAnvarol retains the impact and effectiveness\nUsing natural ingredients doesn't make Anvarol any less impressive. As far as bodybuilding benefits are concerned they are still every bit powerful and effective.\nAnvarol is a champion supplement for cutting, it also works pretty well for strength packing and performance enhancing and decent in off-season bulking. Anvarol with its benefits is every bit effective to its anabolic counterpart Anavar.\nAnvarol promotes a speedy fat burning by not just enhanced metabolism but by promoting direct lipolysis . It increases RBC count to conjure a speedy recovery and muscle durability, it yields a higher level of free testosterone in your body to simulate an anabolic atmosphere where the benefits of other supplements will be enhanced as well.\nThe therapeutic advantages of Anvarol are truly noteworthy, it increases bone density to structure healthy and strong bones and aid relief to joint pains. Anvarol will trigger growth hormone in general.\nThough muscle gaining and bulking effects are not very significant but as it mimics an anabolic steroid it has the basic trait of nitrogen retention which will promote an efficient growth of muscle mass and speedy recovery. Though the effects won't be as fast and steep as few other crazybulk bulking supplements, but will gain more with it than without it.\nThe muscle gained is mainly lean muscle tissue, and suppression of glucocorticoid hormones will avoid muscle wasting as well. Hence the muscle gained with Anvarol is very slow gain but a quality gain and long lasting.\nAnvarol will improve your cardiovascular endurance as well which is a huge bonus when it comes to performance enhancement and hence will be enjoyed by many athletes. Anvarol will have a significant punch to your strength gain, rate of recovery and muscle endurance\n- Premium cutting, superior strength and enhanced performance\n- Abundance power and strength\n- Cremate internal and under the skin Fat\n- Safeguard lean muscle tissues while cutting\n- Rich with muscle hardness and density\n- Greater bone density\n- Improved cardiovascular health\n- Upgraded vascularity\n- Safe and Legal\n- 100% natural ingredients\n- No side effects\n- No needles\n- No prescription required\n- Buy 2 and Get 1 free\n- Fast results within 30 days\n- Free world wide delivery\n|Ingredients||Substance||Benefits||Other notable applications|\n|Soy Protein Isolate||An isolated protein form of soybeans. It is the complete protein rich in essential amino acids||Promotes muscle growth and repair. Improved overall muscle health.||Improves bone health, Reduces the risk of bone cancer, Increases nutrient efficiency, Keeps cholesterol levels in check, Reduces risk of colon, breast and prostate cancer, Reduces risk of osteoporosis, speedy muscle recovery, Reduces muscle inflammation,|\n|Whey Protein Concentrate||A byproduct of cheese production||Muscle tissue growth, repair and maintenance.||Energy and strength boost.|\n|BCAA||Branched Chain Amino Acids.||Increase protein synthesis, Promote fat loss,||Hormone balance during intense training, Strength building, Increased endurance and decreased fatigue, Reduce chances of diabetes, Increase longevity of muscles, Treat liver disorders.|\n|Wild Yam Root||\nA plant originally grown in North and Central America and commonly known as \"Yam\" and \"colic Root\" is the forefather of DHEA.\n|Increases production of testosterone and estrogen. A higer rate of testosterone productions lubricates your muscle building efforts and nurtures an efficient fat burning.||It was used as a medicinal herb by the Mayans and Aztecs. Is very effective in relieving spasm of involuntary muscles. Also effective in cases of Osteoporosis, Menstrual pains, Rheumatoid arthritis.|\n|ATP||Adenosine Triphosphate known as the energy currency of the cell. The storehouse of energy. ATP in human biology is root level of energy production. This is a molecule which stores and utilizes energy at the very rudimentary level of your being.||An energy reservoir for your body.||Will help to reduce fatigue|\nThe ingredients are so beautifully handpicked that they not only excel in replicating the benefits of Anavar without its side effects but also improves you general health by safeguarding many other aspects of your body.\nFor an instance Anavar has a very severe effect on cholesterol levels, putting you in the high blood pressure zone. Anvarol on the other hand not only eliminates this side effects but with the inclusion of Soy Protein Isolate as one of its ingredient helps to balance your cholesterol levels and keep your blood pressure within normal limits.\nFurther, Hepatoxic Anavar is a threat to your liver. Anvarol however with its natural ingredients is smooth and easy on your liver. Anvarol is not only liver-friendly but also with essential BCAAs acting as its active ingredients, it will improve your liver health and treat a wide range of liver disorders.\nA Therapeutic Agent: It is very beneficial in post surgery and post disease treatment weight gain. Anvarol will increase your bone density and pose relief to joint pains and treat corticosteroids and osteoporosis. Anvarol pulls up the level of growth hormone promoting your general health. Being a therapeutic brilliance Anvarol can treat a plenty of other health disorders like, hepatitis, Chronic fatigue syndrome, colon, breast and prostate cancer, muscle inflammation, diabetes, liver disorders, Rheumatoid arthritis and Menstrual cramps.\nSuperior Fat burner: Each ingredient of Anvarol adds a fat burning effect to the capsule, creating a direct lipolysis like effect. Anvarol will also reduce thyroid-binding globulin, as well as increase thyroxine-binding prealbumin to further enhance this benefit.\nIncreased nitrogen retention: A huge chunk of your muscle mass contains nitrogen, hence retaining greater deal of nitrogen will keep you more anabolic like, preserve the quality of your muscle for a greater duration and trigger a fast recovery of your muscle tissues.\nNo aromatization: Aromatizing has a very deadly effect on muscles. Muscle loss through burning of muscle by aromatization is often a huge issue with other anabolic steroids. Anvarol on the other had cuts short on aromatization, leading to longer perseverance of muscles through a completely toned down level of muscle burning.\nIncreased protein synthesis: A better protein synthesis means an effective breaking down of proteins into its simpler forms, resulting into a speedy muscle growth, muscle gain and muscle recovery.\nHigh metabolism rate: This will help you burn your fat more effectively. Your stored fat gets burned down into energy, consequently you get leaner muscles by burning down of fat and an energy boost for a heavy weight training through conversion of fat to energy. A high metabolism rate also allows you to maintain a high calorie diet, whilst maintaining a constant gain yet low fat levels.\nIncreased R.B.C count: With a larger count of oxygen in your blood, your blood vessels will be running with oxygen rich blood 24 / 7. Blood vessels running through your muscles carrying oxygen rich blood will keep your muscles well nourished and make them stronger. This will help you sustain an intense workout session and render you considerable less fatigued post workout. A higher count of RBC will increase the oxidation rate in your blood as well, which will mean an energy power up.\nGreater Bone density: Strong and healthy bones are the essentials to a strong and healthy body. Dense and enduring bones will help you power lift and sustain a rigorous workout regime. Finally your bone structure determines the shape of your physique, it is one these bones that muscles grow to add the final touch to your physique. A scrawny bones structure will never hold up to deliver a physique that will be considered aesthetically perfect. Hence a well maintained bone structure will deliver you with the physique that every bodybuilder aspires to have.\nReduced water retention: This is another issue with many other anabolic steroids. Anvarol reduces water retention to prevent you from bloating. excessive water retention adds false weight to your body. Water retention gives you a bulking which is not by healthy muscle tissue growth but by unnatural bloating. Hence, the purity of your mass gain remains high with a reduced water retention.\nA controlled production of glucocorticoid hormones: : The hormones have an affinity to promote fat gain and destroy muscles. These hormones are also known as stress hormones, as they promote a mental well-being; consequent to which the production of these hormones remain to be a must for your body. Anvarol however, keeps a control on the production of these hormones, by never allowing an abundant production. This particular trait of Anvarol is very beneficial during the bulking phase, as you will be allowed to have a high calorie diet without the fear of fat gain and muscle burn. This trait of Anvarol compliments the trait of high metabolism very effectively.\nA performance enhancer: With its therapeutic benefits, increased RBC count, a superior nitrogen retention and high levels of free testosterone will provide you strong and enduring muscles, high strength and stamina and accelerated energy. Anvarol your upgrade the quality of your performance.\nCost effective: Comes at only $54.99 per bottle, that will last you a month. And for every 2nd product the 3rd one being absolutely free. Anvarol is extremely cost efficient and way cheaper to its anabolic counterpart Anavar.\nEasy to use: No injection, No needles. Crazybulk has packed in the benefits of Anavar into optimum simplicity - A singular capsule!\nSafe and natural: With 100% natural ingredients Anvarol is completely safe and renders you with no side effects whatsoever.\nLegal and No prescriptions required: Anvarol has all natural ingredients and no banned ingredients. Hence, it is totally legal and is readily available to you even without prescriptions.\nFree worldwide Delivery\nRapid results within 30 days\nHow to Use\n- 3 capsules Per day\n- 30 capsules per bottle\n- 3 capsules with water approx. 15 minutes after your workout\n- Use minimum for 2 months, further extend with 1.5 weeks off.\nAnvarol the champion legal supplement for mass cutting and fat burning with the added therapeutic and performance enhancement benefits Completely Safe & Natural. 100% legal.\nNo needles. No prescription. Free worldwide delivery. Buy 2 and get 1 free!\n@ only $54.99\nCompletely Safe & Natural. 100% legal. No needles. No prescription. Free worldwide delivery. Buy 2 and get 1 free!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.diversityinsteam.com/2019/09/mexican-scientist-biodegradable-straw-cactus/", "date": "2019-11-14T17:00:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668529.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114154802-20191114182802-00037.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9531775712966919, "token_count": 455, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__100537335", "lang": "en", "text": "Researchers from the University of Valle de Atemajac in Zapopan, Mexico have created a biodegradable plastic from the juice of the prickly pear cactus.\nThe new material begins to break down after sitting in the soil for a month and when left in water, it breaks down in a matter of days. Plus, it doesn’t require crude oil like traditional plastics.\n“There were some publications that spoke of different materials with which biodegradable plastics could be made, including some plants,” Sandra Pascoe Ortiz, the research professor who developed the material, told Forbes.\n“In this case the nopal cactus has certain chemical characteristics with which I thought it could be feasible to obtain a polymer, that if it was combined with some other substances, all of them natural, a non-toxic biodegradable plastic would be obtained. The process is a mixture of compounds whose base is the nopal. It’s totally non-toxic, all the materials we use could be ingested both by animals or humans and they wouldn’t cause any harm.”\nThis means that even if any of this material made its way into the ocean, it will safely dissolve. It’s estimated that between 1.15 million to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. Last month, divers found a plastic KFC bag from the 1970s during an ocean clean-up off the waters off Bulcock Beach in Queensland, Australia and earlier this year, during a dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench – the deepest point in the ocean – a plastic bag was found.\nAccording to Ortiz, the project was born in a science Fair of the Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering, in the chemistry class with industrial engineering students of the career. They began to make some attempts to obtain a plastic using cactus as raw material.\n“From that I decided to start a research project in a formal way. Currently in the project collaborate researchers from the University of Guadalajara in conjunction with the University of Valle de Atemajac.”\nContinue on to Forbes to read the complete article.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.bjpcn.com/browse/have-you-heard/item/2224-nitric-oxide-system-shows-promise-in-healing-diabetic-foot-ulcers.html", "date": "2021-09-26T01:34:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057787.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925232725-20210926022725-00426.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.912406861782074, "token_count": 673, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__210022183", "lang": "en", "text": "Nitric oxide system shows promise in healing diabetic foot ulcers\nA new wound care system using nitric oxide has been shown to heal diabetic foot ulcers faster and more effectively than standard care in UK treatment centres.\nThe principal investigator of the study Professor Michael Edmonds (King College Hospital, London) said, “Diabetic foot ulcers are notoriously hard to heal, and are the leading cause of diabetes-related amputations in the UK. Our findings provide an essential step forward in developing solutions for the effective management of these chronic wounds.”\nThe role of nitric oxide in ulcer healing involves three recognised elements:\n- Vascular – nitric oxide influences the widening of blood vessels (vasodilatation) and stimulates the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis)\n- Inflammatory – nitric oxide influences the body’s immune response\n- Antimicrobial – nitric oxide demonstrates potent, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity\nThe new system EDX110 (Edixomed) provides a protective and cushioning layer that absorbs fluid while providing a moist environment and generating nitric oxide. EDX110 core technology provides sustained-release nitric oxide that can be delivered as a dressing, liquid, gel or inhaled spray, which has potential application in a variety of conditions and public health challenges, such as antimicrobial resistance.\nResults from the pivotal clinical study, conducted in major UK treatment centres on 148 diabetic foot ulcers, showed that in 12 weeks, EDX110 reduced ulcer size by almost double the amount standard-of-care achieved (89% vs 47%). The new treatment also increased the number of completely healed ulcers by more than 50% (49% vs 30%), nearly doubled the complete healing of infected ulcers (45% vs 23%) and significantly reduced hospitalisations and serious adverse events related to the ulcer, compared with standard-of-care at 12 weeks. EDX110 is not yet an approved product.\nThe discovery that nitric oxide gas could play such an important role in the human body led to three scientists being awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1998. The pioneering work demonstrated that the normal function of nitric oxide is to control blood flow in the small vessels in the skin and prevent the skin from being infected with dangerous organisms. Nitric oxide is also generated whenever the skin is injured or damaged and plays a crucial part in the normal skin healing process. However, in certain conditions, such as diabetes, the normal production of nitric oxide can be put at risk. The result is a chronic, poorly healing wound that is prone to infection. Replenishing the missing nitric oxide in such a way as to mimic the skin’s natural production has been a huge challenge to researchers.\nEdmonds M et al. Multicenter, randomized controlled, observer‐blinded study of a nitric oxide generating treatment in foot ulcers of patients with diabetes – ProNOx1 study. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2018. doi:10.1111/wrr.12630.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617058\nEdixomed website and ProNox1 study https://www.edixomed.com/pronox1-study-2/", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://micforg.co.jp/en/ref_rohse.html", "date": "2023-12-07T05:05:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00766.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9092317223548889, "token_count": 516, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__223080403", "lang": "en", "text": "The European Parliament has approved the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive (2011/65/EC). This Directive limits the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronics products sold in Europe after 08 June 2011. The RoHS Directive states that the targeted materials shall no longer be contained in electronic products above certain limits unless there is an exemption provided in the rule.\nAlpha hereby declares that all standard products which will be shipped from 18 Nov. 2016 are RoHS compliant based on the current Directive 2015/863/EU of 31 March 2015. Alpha will disclose all environmental information related to our products and provide our continuing customer support regarding this issue.\nFrom the following link, you can download the certificate of compliance.\nAccording to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH), Alpha will make every effort to monitor the latest list of SVHC candidates from the ECHA and update our database accordingly based on the information available from our materials suppliers/vendors.\nFrom the following link, you can download the Reach SVHC Declaration that confirm the product(s) do(es) not contain the Reach SVHC substances in a concentration above 0.1% by weight.\nProposition 65 is a California law officially known as the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, approved by California voters in 1986. The purpose of Proposition 65 warning is to ensure that people are informed about exposure to such chemicals by the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or the other reproductive harm.\nALPHA reviews our suppliers’ certifications, content declarations, and confidentially disclosed chemicals and materials information. Based on foregoing information, ALPHA has determined to the best of its knowledge and belief that certain ALPHA products, HEAT SINK AND RELATED SUB-COMPONENTS, may contain one or more of chemicals on the Prop 65 List.\nALPHA products, HEAT SINK AND RELATED SUB-COMPONENTS, should be used within chassis that normally people do not reach. ALPHA products are not intended to cause user exposure to any contained substances, nor are they intended to be released or discharged during normal product use.\nTo our knowledge, ALPHA products are within the “no significant risk” range, and not harmful when normally used. As a result, ALPHA has opted to provide a general warning of known chemical presence. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.\n© 2007-2022 Alpha Novatech, Inc.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fresholi-bites.blogspot.com/2009/02/floral-wax.html", "date": "2022-10-06T17:31:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337853.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006155805-20221006185805-00665.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9294300079345703, "token_count": 689, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__156494309", "lang": "en", "text": "With their divine rich, deep aromas, floral waxes are an indulgent ingredient to add to soaps, lotions, creams, massage bars, solid perfumes, candles and anything else you can think of where aromatic depth & longevity is desired.\nA floral wax is a product of the production of absolutes and while their scent is much softer than the absolute, they have wonderfully well rounded aromas that tend to linger. By adding up to 10% to your products will create new aromatic elements and fusions of some of the richest and most exotic scents at a fraction of the cost of the absolute. Not only will these beautiful waxes add scent but they also lend a subtle degree of hardness to the products they are added\nThe Following Floral Waxes Are Now In Stock At Fresholi...\nJasmine Grandaflorum Wax: A soft, mid-brown wax with a melting point of around 50-60 degrees C. Jasmine is one of the most prized perfumers ingredients, the grandiflorum is often favoured due to its round aroma. It has a rich, deeply sweet, floral aroma with undertones that are rather tea like. It has a great tenacity in blends and blends well with just about everything.\nRose Wax: A medium hard wax with a yellow/green colour. It has a melting point of around 60 degrees C. Like jasmine, rose is an important perfume component and this intensely sweet, rich, floral aroma has distinctive rose characteristics.\nOrange Flower Wax: (Neroli) A medium hard, brown wax with a that has a fresh top note with warm, sweet floral undertones. A delicate yet rich aroma that would add depth to fragrance blends.\nI found a really simple way of making use of the exotic aromas of floral (or fruit peel) waxes, at a fraction of the cost if you were to use the absolute. This makes a great stand alone after bath/shower oil or for really dry skin (gorgeous aroma)\n44% Apricot kernel oil\n6% Floral wax of choice (I used rose)\n- Add the jojoba and the apricot oil to a dark glass bottle (I used an amber glass bottle)\n- Place in a saucepan of boiling hot water (I turned the heat on low)\n- When the oils are nice and hot, add in the floral wax and put the lid on the bottle\n- Place back in the hot water for a minute then take out the bottle and shake\n- Continue to do this heat/shake until all of the wax has completely melted\n- Then it is good to go!\nYou could change the ratio of the floral wax to a much higher % and you can use different oils if you like then use this fragrant oil to add to creams after they have been emulsified and cooled (just make sure that whatever % you intend to add in at the end - usually a max of 10% - you deduct this from your oil phase. Also, if you are adding in essential oils, please ensure you account for the essentail oils present in the wax (that is roughly just less than half the total weight of the wax).\nFloral Waxes now available from www.fresholi.com", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://reactor.reed.edu/about.html", "date": "2022-08-16T00:06:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00645.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9207499027252197, "token_count": 1840, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__134140925", "lang": "en", "text": "About the Reactor\nThe Reed Research Reactor was established in 1968 and is the only reactor operated primarily by undergraduates. At any given time, there are approximately 40 students licensed to operate the Reed reactor. In addition to operating the reactor, many students serve as senior staff and in supervisory positions.\nMuch of the work performed at the Reed reactor is in collaboration with external research groups. We are certified by the State of Oregon to perform radiation meter calibrations.\nSee our reactor FAQ for more information.\nUses and Facilities\n- Reactor Uses\n- Reactor Irradiation Facilities\n- Neutron Activation Analysis\nThe Reed College Reactor Facility has been used for research and educational projects in the Portland area since its establishment in 1968. These programs have been an important part of the educational picture of the region.\nThe Reed College Reactor is a TRIGA Mark I reactor at the bottom of a 25-foot-deep tank. It uses zirconium hydride/uranium hydride fuel elements in a circular grid array. The uranium fuel is enriched to 20 percent uranium-235. The reactor is surrounded by a graphite ring which minimizes neutron leakage by reflecting neutrons back into the core.\nThe reactor can operate at any power up to the license ceiling of 250 kW. This makes it possible to provide a defined neutron flux as required for some experiments. The power level is usually maintained for periods ranging from a few minutes up to eight hours. Continued or repeated operation over several days is possible for longer irradiations.\nThe Reed Reactor Facility is primarily used for instruction, research, and analysis, especially trace-element analysis. Since the initial startup, the reactor, in addition to providing student research opportunities, has worked to educate the surrounding community on the principles of nuclear engineering and energy.\nThe reactor and associated facilities are used to some extent in chemistry and physics courses, but they are mostly used for research projects. The reactor is operated almost entirely by undergraduate students who are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This allows them to conduct their own research and to be hired by the facility to conduct irradiations for educational organizations, private research organizations, and for industrial applications. A one year non-credit seminar is open to all interested students to prepare them for the licensing examination. Students and faculty from other institutions are also welcome to attend the seminar.\nThe facility provides tours and labs for middle school, high school and college classes as well as other special groups in the Portland area. The facility is also available to advanced classes and other special programs such as the Talented And Gifted (TAG) student program of the Portland Public Schools and the Mathematics, Engineering and Science Achievement (MESA) program which provides special experiences for minorities and disadvantaged middle and high school students.\nResearch at the Reed Reactor has centered around quantitative neutron activation analysis for trace-element concentrations using a multi-channel analyzer and an intrinsic germanium gamma-ray spectrometer. A major research area for students using the reactor is the determination of trace-element concentrations in biological and environmental samples. More examples are included in the section on neutron activation analysis.\nThe reactor facility is available as a neutron source for industrial applications. The most frequent use in the past has been for quality control and purity testing in manufacturing and electronics industries, and for environmental monitoring of industrial effluents.\nPNEUMATIC TRANSFER SYSTEM\nThe pneumatic transfer system consists of an irradiation chamber in the outer ring of the core. Samples are loaded into a terminus in the radiochemistry lab, and then transferred to the in-core irradiation position using differential air pressure. After a predetermined amount of time, the sample is transferred back to the receiving terminus, where it can be retrieved for analysis. The transfer time from the core to the terminal is about seven seconds, making this method of irradiating samples particularly useful for experiments involving radioisotopes with short half-lives. The flux in the core terminal is approximately 5 x 1012 n/cm2·s when the reactor is at full power.\nROTATING SPECIMEN RACK FACILITY\nThe rotating specimen rack (\"lazy susan\") is located in between the reactor core and the graphite reflector which surrounds the core. The rack consists of a circular array of 40 tubular receptacles. Each receptacle can accommodate two TRIGA-type irradiation tubes, so that up to 40 separate samples may be irradiated at any one time. Vials holding 1.5 ml to 8 ml are routinely used in this system. Depending upon its geometry, larger samples could be irradiated by joining two vials. Samples are loaded in the specimen rack prior to the startup of the reactor and removed after shut down. The rack automatically rotates during irradiation to ensure each sample receives the same neutron flux. The average thermal neutron flux in the rotating rack position is approximately 1.7 x 1012 n/cm2·s with a cadmium ratio of 6.0 at full power.\nThe specimen rack can also be used for shut down irradiation in order to minimize neutron dose. The shutdown gamma flux in the specimen rack is approximately 3 R/min.\nThe central thimble, which is a water-filled irradiation chamber about 3 cm in diameter, provides the highest available neutron flux, about 1 x 1013 n/cm2·s. However, it holds only one specially positioned irradiation container containing a cavity 7.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. The chamber fits into a fuel-element position within the core itself. Use of the chamber as an irradiation facility necessitates special arrangements.\nFlux Foil Insertion Holes\nFoil-insertion holes, 0.798 cm in diameter, are drilled at various positions through the grid plates. These holes allow inserting special holders containing flux wires into the core to obtain neutron flux maps of the core.\nNear core in-pool irradiation facilities can be arranged for larger samples if required by the experimenter. Neutron fluxes will be lower than in the lazy susan and will depend on the sample location.\n|Rotary specimen rack||2 x 1012|\n|Pneumatic transfer system||5 x 1012|\n|Central thimble||1 x 1013|\n|In-core||2 x 1013|\n|In-pool||<1 x 1012|\nNUCLEAR SCIENCE LABORATORY\nIn addition to the reactor itself, the radiochemistry laboratory is available for experiments involving radioactive materials. Equipment can measure simple and complex half-lives by both periodic counting and multi-scaling, verify the inverse square law, and measure the attenuation of radiation in shielding materials. Equipment for more complex measurements using sodium iodide crystals, intrinsic germanium gamma spectrometry, beta spectrometry, and alpha spectrometry can be performed. Sample preparation facilities are also available.\nNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a very important tool for trace element detection. NAA yields abundance data for many elements by measuring the characteristic gamma-ray energies of radioactive nuclides. It can be performed as a non-destructive examination. NAA can achieve sensitivity several orders of magnitude greater than other commonly used analytical methods, down to tenths of a part per billion for many elements. The sample may be in any form: solid, liquid, or gas.\nThe principle of NAA consists of irradiating a sample with neutrons in a nuclear reactor thereby producing specific radionuclides. After the irradiation, the characteristic gamma rays emitted by the radionuclides are quantitatively measured by suitable radiation detectors yielding a gamma-ray spectrum. The number of detected gamma rays of a particular energy is directly proportional to the disintegration rate of the specific radionuclide, which in turn is directly proportional to the amount of its parent isotope in the sample. Data reduction of gamma-ray spectra by means of a computer yields the concentrations of the parent elements in the samples. Accuracies for quantitative measurements of trace and rare elements are generally in the range of ±1 to 10 percent depending on the concentration of the particular trace element and the background from other radioactivities induced in the sample.\nNAA has been used at the Reed Reactor Facility in the fields of geology (rock sample analysis), anthropology (tracing trade routes by elemental fingerprinting of sources), medicine (detection of selenium concentrations in the internal organs of rats), archeology (age dating), chemistry (identification of contaminants), biology (trace element analysis), forensics (matching powder to guns), computers (silicon wafer analysis), and environmental science (testing for elements in factory air filters).", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://thevalleyvoice.org/webb-telescope-captures-carbon-dioxide-on-exoplanet/", "date": "2022-09-25T07:37:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334515.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925070216-20220925100216-00157.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9319582581520081, "token_count": 760, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__48822403", "lang": "en", "text": "“Carbon dioxide molecules are sensitive traces of the story of planet formation,” Mike Line, an associate professor in Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration, said in the press release. Line is a member of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science team, which conducted the study.\nThe team did the carbon dioxide observation using the telescope’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph — one of Webb’s four scientific instruments — to observe WASP-39b’s atmosphere. Their research is part of the Early Release Science Program, an initiative designed to provide data from the telescope to the exoplanet research community as quickly as possible, guiding further scientific research and discovery.\nThe latter finding has been accepted for publication in the journal Nature.\n“By measuring this carbon dioxide feature, we can determine how much solid versus how much gaseous material was used to form this gas giant planet,” Line added. “Over the next decade, JWST will take this measurement for a variety of planets, providing insight into the details of how planets form and the uniqueness of our own solar system.”\nA new era in exoplanet research\nIn the captured spectrum of the planet’s atmosphere, the researchers saw a small mound between 4.1 and 4.6 microns — a “clear signal of carbon dioxide,” said team leader Natalie Batalha, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California. in Santa Cruz, in the release. (A micron is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter.)\n“Depending on the atmosphere’s composition, thickness and cloudiness, it absorbs some colors of light more than others — making the planet appear larger,” said team member Munazza Alam, a postdoctoral researcher in the Earth & Planets Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “We can analyze these tiny differences in the size of the planet to reveal the chemical composition of the atmosphere.”\nAccessing this part of the light spectrum — which the Webb telescope makes possible — is crucial for measuring the abundance of gases such as methane and water, as well as carbon dioxide, which are believed to exist in many exoplanets, according to NASA. Because individual gases absorb different combinations of colors, researchers can “examine small differences in the brightness of transmitted light across a spectrum of wavelengths to determine exactly what makes up an atmosphere,” according to NASA.\nPreviously, NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer telescopes detected water vapor, sodium and potassium in the planet’s atmosphere. “Previous observations of this planet with Hubble and Spitzer had given us tantalizing hints that carbon dioxide might be present,” Batalha said. “The data from JWST showed an unequivocal carbon dioxide signature that was so prominent it almost screamed at us.”\n“As soon as the data showed up on my screen, the massive carbon dioxide feature grabbed me,” team member Zafar Rustamkulov, a graduate student in the Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, said in a news release. “It was a special moment, crossing an important threshold in exoplanet science,” he added.\nThe mass of WASP-39b, discovered in 2011, is roughly equal to Saturn’s and about a quarter that of Jupiter, while its diameter is 1.3 times that of Jupiter. Because the exoplanet orbits very close to its star, it completes one circuit in just over four Earth days.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.immould.com/product-category/automobile/", "date": "2023-06-10T03:12:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656963.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610030340-20230610060340-00263.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9377095103263855, "token_count": 168, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__111869603", "lang": "en", "text": "Plastic materials are ideal for some automotive parts like those found in vehicle interiors and car exteriors. They are smooth, user-friendly, and can be made to be sleek and stylish. In terms of functionality, the incorporation of plastic parts reduces the weight of automobiles because they are lighter than metal. It is also possible to bond them with other materials where firmer structures are required.\nAt FOW Mould, we use premium durable types of plastic to injection mold automotive parts. They include ABS, polypropylene, polyurethane, nylon, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and polyethylene. Polypropylene car parts include cable insulations and polypropylene car bumpers while polyurethane is used to make suspension bushings and seat support. Our ABS plastic automotive parts are also popular in the industry.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.accessoriesng.com/sigma-most-wanted-brush-set/", "date": "2017-05-24T02:24:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607731.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170524020456-20170524040456-00576.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9115676283836365, "token_count": 151, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-22__0__178553810", "lang": "en", "text": "Sigmax® Fibers - Sigma Beauty's exclusive thermoplastic engineering polymer developed to evenly apply cream and powder products onto the skin for a high definition effect. Features premium filaments engineered for outstanding softness, heat and chemical resistance, mechanical strength and high durability. Sigmax® fibers are antibacterial and hypoallergenic.\nSigmaTech® Fibers - Sigma Beauty's exclusive selection of high performance synthetic fibers engineered to outperform traditional animal hair. Features technologically advanced filaments with specialized tips developed to hold and deliver cream and powder products without any absorption into the bristles. Built to last, SigmaTech® fibers are antibacterial, hypoallergenic, and will maintain their original shape and color even after multiple washes.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://momentumacpro.com/finding-ac-leak-uv-leak-testing-in-tampa/", "date": "2024-04-24T06:26:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00719.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9401648640632629, "token_count": 501, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__5098057", "lang": "en", "text": "If you’ve noticed your AC is not working sufficiently, maybe even blowing hot air, it might be time to recharge your system. Momentum AC Services Inc. is specialist in air conditioning maintenance, and we can help you with your AC repair needs. To begin with, AC leak testing should always be done by professionals, for while you can purchase AC UV dye for testing your own system at Walmart or repair stores, remember that an AC refrigerant leak involves Freon, which is a toxic substance if ingested, and should be carefully handled, especially around children or pets. If you are using AC leak dye to attempt AC leak testing on your own, remember to carefully follow the instructions for the use and disposal of materials.\nUsing AC dye for leak testing\nMomentum AC Services Inc. professionals have been conducting AC leak testing for years, and we know how it is properly done. If you suspect that you have an AC refrigerant leak in your unit, there are several steps we will take to determine where the leak is in the system. The AC leak dye works by entering the system to break down the Freon refrigerant. This dye is reflective to UV light, and thus when a black light is shined into the system, the UV dye for AC illuminates the areas where leaks are occurring. Once the leak is identified, it can be repaired using a sealant.\nHow long the dye stays in the system\nNaturally, there might be concerns about the safety of AC UV dye in a system that circulates air you will be breathing. Please note that UV dye for AC can actually remain in the system indefinitely without concern towards damage of the components or health safety to the building occupants. Most leak detection dyes have a shelf life of around five years. If you have concerns about this aspect of leak detection, please discuss them with the ac technician. We are happy to answer your questions.\nRecharging the Freon\nOnce your unit has been repaired of all leaks, likely it will be necessary to recharge the unit with the Freon refrigerant, bringing it up to pre-leak levels. The AC leak dye used by the technician might also end up dissolving what refrigerant is left in the system, requiring topping off. One can purchase refrigerant with Freon dye mixed in to allow for monitoring the system for further leaks. Freon is typically colorless and odorless, though it might take on a yellow tint with dye as a component.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.mineraglan.ca/en/what-we-do/our-business/Pages/concentrate-production.aspx", "date": "2021-01-21T21:44:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703527850.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210121194330-20210121224330-00793.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9423279762268066, "token_count": 191, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__95742986", "lang": "en", "text": "The ore extracted from our mines is crushed, ground and processed on site to produce a nickel-copper concentrate. Approximately 1.5 million tonnes of ore is treated yearly at the concentrator resulting in approximately 40,000 tonnes of nickel-in-concentrate annually.\nThe nickel concentrate is trucked 100 km to the Deception Bay seaport facilities, where it is kept in a dome warehouse until shipped to Quebec City via the 27,000-metric tonne capacity ice breaker (MV Arctic). Upon arrival, the concentrate takes a train to Glencore's smelter in Sudbury. After this 950 km journey to Northern Ontario, Raglan Mine's concentrate is melted and cast into matte, which is sent back to Québec City via rail, then shipped to Glencore's refinery in the coastal city of Kristiansand, Norway, where the unwrought mineral is turned into pure metals before being sold around the world.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://skinnyskis.com/water-purification-filtration/", "date": "2019-02-16T16:14:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247480622.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216145907-20190216171907-00348.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9294033050537109, "token_count": 1078, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__90508111", "lang": "en", "text": "Recreating in the backcountry requires water. You can carry water with you, but after a certain point, that can become heavy and inconvenient. Traditionally, iodine tablets and water pumps have been the go-to methods for purifying water out in the wild. While these are still around, there are several new products, and updates to the venerable classics, that are light, easy to use, and affordable.\nWhile Iodine is the best known chemical treatment method; it tastes bad. Chlorine dioxide tablets or drops still have a little bit of chemical taste, it’s nowhere near as bad as iodine. It’s also very effective at killing bacteria.\nAquamira drops are a favorite of mine. A package of Aquamira is two bottles of solution; mix 8 drops of each in the mixing cap, wait 5 minutes, add to a liter of water, and wait 15 minutes before drinking. Aquatics are similar; drop a tablet in a 2 liters of untreated water, and wait 30 minutes. Aquatics are effective against giardia, bacteria, and viruses. Both of these methods are inexpensive, light and easy to use. Even if you prefer another method, having one of these in your emergency kit as a backup is a good idea.\nFilters are another tried and true method. They filter out particles, and organisms of a certain size, but do nothing to the taste of the water. The Katadyn Hiker and Hiker Pro pump filters are great options for this. The Hiker Pro has a .2 micron filter, which removes bacteria, cysts, and sediment. It produces about a liter of filtered water per minute, and will filter up to 300 gallons of water before the replaceable filter will need to be replaced. The Hiker Pro weighs about 11 oz. It’s not ultralight, but it’s great for camping in larger groups, canoe and kayak camping, and in places where the water has sediment and particles in it.\nOunce counting backpackers and thru-hikers will look for something lighter than the Hiker Pro. The Sawyer Mini is a filter that the fast and light, weight-conscious crowd will want to look into. It weighs 2 oz, and removes 99.99999% of all bacteria, such as salmonella, cholera, leptospirosis, and E.coli; it removes 99.9999% of all protozoa, such as giardia and cryptosporidium. It comes with a soft bag to gather water, just dip in the creek, screw the filter on, and squeeze water through the filter into a clean water bottle. You can also, drink straight through the filter like a straw, but truth be told, you have to suck pretty hard to get water through. Squeezing is a better option. It also comes with a syringe to flush out the filter if it gets clogged with sediment. The Mini is a pretty cool filter, it’s super light, and inexpensive. I like mine. If you cut the handle off your toothbrush, this might be your filter.\nAnother addition to the light filter category is the Katadyn BeFree filtration bottle. It’s a .6L soft bottle with a filter on the mouthpiece. It filters out 99.9999% of bacteria, and 99.9% of protozoa, and the filter will last for up to 1000 liters. It weighs 2 oz, and packs down to a very small size, perfect for trail runners. It only takes a few seconds to unscrew the top, fill it up, and keep going.\nA departure from the usual methods of purification is the Steripen. It uses ultraviolet light to kill over 99.9% of bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Just submerge the lamp, stir, and drink. We currently carry two versions of the Steripen, the Adventurer Opti, and the Ultra. The Adventurer Opti runs on two CR123 batteries, which will provide 50 1 liter treatments before needing replacement. The Steripen Ultra has a rechargeable battery. Just plug in with a USB cable and let it charge. The Ultra will treat 50 liters on a full charge. Steripens are great for use in the backcountry where water is generally clean, and no filtering is required. They’re also awesome for international travel. Just pull it out, zap your water, and drink without worry!\nAll of these products produce safe, drinkable water, so how does one choose? I’ve tried most of these products, and think they’re all pretty good. But depending on the application, I’ll prefer one over the other. On a budget? Try the Aquatabs, Aquamira, or the Sawyer Mini. Going ultralight? Look at the Katadyn BeFree, Aquatabs, Aquamira, or the Sawyer Mini. Family camping trips? The Katadyn Hiker and Hiker Pro are fast, safe, and easy enough for kids to use. Traveling the globe? The Steripen will keep you safe in the canyon or cantina.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.3dhub.com.cy/shop/3d-printers/intamsys-funmat-ht/", "date": "2018-07-17T19:06:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589892.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717183929-20180717203929-00409.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7102605700492859, "token_count": 466, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__241780504", "lang": "en", "text": "The Funmat (Functional Materials) HT by Intamsys is a true multimaterial 3D printer capable of handling standard plastics including PLA and ABS as well as advanced technical polymers including PEEK, PEI and PPSU.\nTo achieve this the Funmat combines a 450°C hot-end with a patent-pending heated chamber capable of maintaining 90°C, and a 160°C heated bed. The printer comes with two easily changeable extruders: one for high temperature materials and one for low temperature.\nThere are also two glass beds provided, we recommend using PEI sheets for printing high temperature materials and BuildTak for low temperature materials. The printer has a range of advanced features including filament runout detection and an optional camera.\nTechnical materials: Print in PEEK, PEI, PPSU, PC and many more technical materials.\nControlled Environment: Fully enclosed heated build chamber and internal filament compartment.\nSwappable Extruder: Low temperature and high temperature extruder are easily changed in under 5 minutes and extend the filament capabilities of the printer.\n|Printing Technology||Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)|\n|Build Platform||Aluminum Plate + Borosilicate Glass|\n|Supported File Types||STL, OBJ|\n|Supported Filaments||Peek, ULTEM, PLA, ABS, Nylon(PA), Carbon Fiber, TPU, PC|\n|Build Plate Temperature||100°C ~150°C/212°F~302°F|\n|Operating Ambient Temperature||10°C to 35°C(50°F to 95°F)|\n|Nonoperating Temperature||0°C to 32°C (32°F to 90°F)|\n|Position Accuracy||X/Y12.5μm Z:1.25μm|\n|Build Plate Leveling||Manual|\n|Feeder Type||Geared Feeder|\n|File Transfer||SD card, USB|\n|Output||DC 24V, 25A|\n|Supported OS||Windows/Linux/Mac OS|\n|System||Open filament system|\n|Warranty||12 Month (excl. Extruder )|", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.concept-one.co.uk/e-ion-system-a-feel-good-atmosphere", "date": "2021-10-25T00:39:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587608.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20211024235512-20211025025512-00685.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9063318967819214, "token_count": 291, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__118167582", "lang": "en", "text": "E.ION System, a feel good atmosphere\nFalmec has developed a unique technology which, through the bipolar controlled ionisation, allows to recreate in the kitchen the air ions that not only eliminate 95% of the unpleasant odours in a natural way, but also restore the optimal ionic balance, with considerable benefits to our physical and psychological well-being.\nThanks to the bipolar controlled ionisation, E.ion® System cooker hoods release ions similar to those present in the atmosphere into your kitchen and effectively neutralize odours, irritants and pollutants such as bacteria, viruses, mites, pollens, spores, dust, noxious fumes or exhaust gases. Ions also have a positive effect on the mind and the body, resulting in improved mood and concentration.\nThe ions in the atmosphere are produced by natural phenomena such as lightning, waterfalls and sea waves. The E.ion® System technology applies a bipolar electric field to the air flow to achieve the same result. Bipolar controlled ionisation does not involve diffusion of ozone in the domestic environment and can be used to cleanse and sanitise the air. Unpleasant odours are reduced from 70% to 95%, as shown by the tests carried out pursuant to the UNI 13725:2004 standard at the universities of Udine and Milan. The efficiency of the E.ion® System cooker hoods is further enhanced by the Carbon.Zeo combined filter.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.ketogenic-diet-resource.com/toxins-in-food.html", "date": "2024-02-28T01:32:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474690.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228012542-20240228042542-00503.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9383997917175293, "token_count": 2297, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__93700246", "lang": "en", "text": "Ketogenic diets limit products which contain many of the toxins in food discussed below. In particular, wheat, nightshade vegetables and beans contain toxic lectins, compounds which are also insulin mimics in the body. Insulin resistance is at the heart of many of the issues that ketogenic diets fix. It makes me wonder if some of the benefits of a ketogenic diet are rooted in the removal of lectins and other toxic foods from a person's diet. It also makes me wonder about people who don't do as well as some on a ketogenic diet. Are they still reacting to toxins in foods they haven't yet discovered and avoided?\nOn this page, I discuss natural, plant-made chemical toxins. Some of these can be neutralized through proper food preparation techniques (soaking, fermenting or cooking the food), but others are poisonous in any form. Here’s a list of some natural food toxins.\nAflatoxins are produced by the Aspergillus flavus fungus. This fungus can contaminate foods such as grain, nuts and legumes such as peanuts. Aflatoxin-producing members of Aspergillus are common and widespread in nature. They can contaminate grain before harvest or during storage. Aspergillus lives in soil, decaying vegetation, hay, and rancid grains and nuts. Crops which are frequently infected include:\nThe toxin can also be found in the milk of animals which are fed contaminated feed. Virtually all sources of commercial peanut butter contain minute quantities of aflatoxin, but it is usually far below the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommended safe level for toxins in food.\nThese toxins are carcinogenic and can affect the immune system and cause epigenetic alterations.\nErgot is a toxin produced when the Claviceps purpurea mold infects rye and other grains. In medieval times, outbreaks of the disease “ergotism” were common and known as St. Anthony’s fire. The name was in reference the severe burning sensations in the limbs caused by vasoconstriction of blood vessels in response to the toxins in foods affected. The vasoconstriction sometimes resulted in gangrene and loss of limbs due to severely restricted blood circulation. The neurological symptoms of an ergot infection included hallucinations and irrational behavior, convulsions, and death. More recent research has shown that ergot and other mycotoxins can affect the gut biome negatively.\nGoitrogens are a class of toxins in food which suppress the function of the thyroid gland by interfering with iodine uptake. Long term exposure can cause an enlargement of the thyroid (goiter). Foods containing these substances include soybeans (and soybean products such as tofu), pine nuts, peanuts, millet, strawberries, pears, peaches, spinach, bamboo shoots, radishes, horseradish, and vegetables in the genus Brassica (bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, canola, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard greens, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, rutabagas, and turnips.)\nLectins are protein compounds which are found in small amounts in many foods. These protein toxins in food cause red blood cells to clot (hemagglutination) and in fact, they are used to type blood, as there are specific carbohydrates to which various lectins bind. (I assume this is the premise which supports the \"blood type\" diet).\nHumans cannot break down these proteins in the stomach and they are also able to bind to various carbohydrates on the cells of our gut walls. This binding changes and damages gut cells, and causes the gut wall to \"leak\" these proteins into circulation which then predisposes us to autoimmune reactions. In addition, these proteins can cause cellular overgrowth (mitogenesis) and inflammatory autoimmune system reactions.\nConsuming lectin-containing foods (especially if they are raw or undercooked) can be lethal. Cooking neutralizes some lectins to some extent, but this depends on altitude. People living at high altitudes, where water boils well below 212 degrees should cook lectin containing foods in pressure cookers to avoid lectin poisoning. But in particular, wheat gluten and some bean lectins are not destroyed by cooking of any kind.\nLectin are found in:\nNote that the lethal toxin ricin is made from castor beans, which contain large quantities of a particularly deadly lectin. Raw black beans contain enough lectins to kill rats in one week.\nMore importantly, lectins are insulin mimics. This paper discusses the ability of wheat lectins to bind to insulin receptors on your cells, enabling the transport of glucose into the cell, much like insulin does. The import of this is that even vegetables and nuts, which are staples in a low carb diet, can stall weight loss if they contain active lectins which mimic insulin. This article discusses the health effects of wheat lectin consumption in more detail.\nDr. Steven Gundry has written an easy-to-read book called the Plant Paradox which has more information on lectins. There is a companion cookbook on this subject as well.\nAnother good but more technical resource is Pusztai's Plant Lectins textbook.\nOpioid peptides are proteins which effect the brain and mood. In my opinion, food intolerances are rooted in the gut damage caused by wheat gluten. The damage to the gut then allows for reactions to dairy products and other food proteins that can get through a damaged gut wall.\nFood-based opioids peptides are a problem if they get through the gut lining. They can alter how a person deals with pain, how one breathes (i.e., asthma), gut performance and mood. Common opioid proteins include casomorphin (A-1 beta-casein in cow milk) and various compounds in wheat. Surprisingly, spinach contains an opioid called rubiscolin, which researchers have found improves learning performance in mice. Go figure.\nAn additional note on the health differences in dairy products from cows with either the A1 and A2 genetic variant: It has been shown in research that the A1 beta-casein in milk from A1 variant cows is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes. Something to remember when weighing whether the toxins in food (milk) are good or bad.\nPhytates and phytic acid are compounds found in many foods, but especially soybeans, whole wheat and rye. In the human gut, phytic acid acts as an anti-nutrient. Phytic acid reduces the absorption of valuable minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc by binding the minerals into an insoluble salt.\nRelatively high concentrations of phytic acid occur in the following foods: whole grain cereal foods (wheat, rye, rice, oats), nuts and seeds, soybeans, other types of beans, potatoes, artichokes, blackberries, broccoli, carrots, figs, green beans and strawberries. Soaking or sprouting the grain will neutralize much of the phytic acid, except in soybeans, which must be cooked for more than 10 hours at very high temperatures to remove the anti-nutrients.\nPsoralens are toxins in food products such as celery, parsley and parsnips. These compounds sensitize the skin to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, and as such are said to be photocarcinogenic. They are not destroyed by normal cooking procedures (boiling or microwave); thus humans are exposed to appreciable levels of psoralens through the consumption of celery, parsnips and other psoralen-containing foodstuffs. Psoralens are used to treat pigment disorders of the skin and other skin diseases such as psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers.\nSalicylate or salicylic acid is a chemical that plants manufacture as a method of defense. These substances help plants fight organisms that would cause it to sicken and rot. In people who are sensitive to salicylates, ingesting foods high in these toxins can cause respiratory issues such as asthma and sinusitis. They can also irritate the lining of the nose, and cause skin and gut irritation. Irritable bowel syndrome is strongly linked to high salicylate consumption. Some people get migraines, heart palpitations, and there is evidence to suggest salicylates contribute to hyperactivity in children. Foods high in salicylates include berries, mushrooms, olives, coconut, tomatoes, almonds, curry powder, tea, peppers and zucchini. There's a nice resource here on these toxins in food with comprehensive food lists. And another good resource here.\nSolanines are toxic alkaloids found in high concentrations in the green patches on and just under potato skins and eyes. They are also found in tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant. (Note these foods are also high in lectins.)\nSolanine has both fungicidal and pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses. The human body converts solanines into a poison called solanidine. Solanine poisoning is primarily displayed by gastrointestinal and neurological disorders. Symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, burning of the throat, heart arrhythmia, headache and dizziness. Hallucinations, loss of sensation, paralysis, fever, jaundice, dilated pupils and hypothermia have been reported in more severe cases. Experts say that a hundred grams of raw potatoes contain between 2 and 13 milligrams of solanine.\nExperts believe that doses of 200 milligrams of solanine eaten at one sitting may cause problems. Symptoms can be gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting) or neurological (apathy, drowsiness, mental confusion, shortness of breath, weak and rapid pulse).\nYou can avoid solanine and another similar toxin called chaconine by avoiding green potatoes. Exposure to light or stress (or even aging) causes a potato to synthesize a green pigment called chlorophyll. Light, stress, and aging also cause the potato to produce chaconine and solanine. The appearance of chlorophyll is a warning that something is wrong with the potato. You should also avoid eating potato peels. About 30% to 80% of the toxins in food potatoes are in the peels. Fortunately, these compounds are not well absorbed by the gastrointestinal system and are soon eliminated in the feces.\nTrypsin inhibitors include toxins in food that reduce the availability of trypsin, an enzyme essential to protein digestion and metabolism for humans and animals. They are found in abundance in soybeans, and in lesser amounts in raw egg whites and lima beans.\nAll of my books are available in electronic PDF, and now in paperback on Amazon!\nBuy paperbook on\nBuy paperback on Amazon\nBuy the e-Book via Paypal\nBuy paperback on\nBuy paperback on Amazon\nBuy the e-Book via Paypal\nBuy paperback on\nBuy paperback on Amazon\nBuy the e-Book via PayPal", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://apessay.net/what-are-some-innovative-technologies-being-developed-for-waste-treatment-and-disposal.html", "date": "2024-02-21T18:25:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473524.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221170215-20240221200215-00699.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8883209824562073, "token_count": 880, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192665715", "lang": "en", "text": "Waste management is an important issue faced by many countries and cities around the world. As populations grow and consumption increases, the amount of waste generated also rises significantly. Traditional waste treatment and disposal methods can cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Therefore, researchers and companies are working on developing innovative technologies that offer more sustainable solutions. Some of the most promising new waste treatment and disposal technologies include:\nPlasma gasification- Plasma gasification is an emerging thermal waste treatment technology that uses plasma torch powered by electricity to gasify solid waste at extremely high temperatures reaching over 2000°C. At such high temperatures, molecular bonds in waste break down and syngas is produced. This syngas can then be used to generate electricity. Plasma gasification efficiently converts over 95% of waste into syngas with minimal emissions and residues. It is a versatile technology that can handle almost any type of municipal solid waste or hazardous waste. Several companies are building and testing large-scale plasma gasification plants.\nBiofuel from waste- Another technology aimed at resource recovery from waste is the production of biofuels like renewable natural gas or renewable diesel. Anaerobic digestion and thermal conversion processes are used to break down organic waste into biogas which can then be upgraded into transportation fuels. Companies like Agilyx, Fulcrum BioEnergy, and SC Johnson are pioneering technologies to convert post-recycled municipal solid waste, food waste, agricultural waste etc into drop-in biofuels. Integrating existing waste management infrastructure with biofuel production facilities allows generating renewable energy from waste.\nConversion to hydrogen- Waste-to-hydrogen is an emerging approach focused on producing hydrogen gas through the gasification of municipal solid waste or sewage sludge. The syngas obtained can be further processed to produce hydrogen through techniques like steam methane reforming. Hydrogen produced can be used as a zero-emission fuel in transportation and industrial sectors. Companies like EnviTec Biogas are developing large systems to generate hydrogen alongside electricity through thermal conversion of organic waste streams.\nAdvanced recycling for plastics- Due to the difficulty and costs involved in traditional mechanical recycling of plastic waste, less than 10% of plastic waste globally gets recycled. New chemical recycling technologies aim to improve this. Companies like Eastman, Vadxx, Synata Bio, and Agilyx are developing advanced recycling processes using techniques like depolymerization, methanolysis and hydrolysis to break plastics down to their basic molecular building blocks which can then be used to produce virgin quality plastic resins and polymers. By allowing recycled content to directly substitute fossil feedstocks in new plastic production, advanced recycling could significantly boost plastic recycling rates.\nDigital waste management- Leveraging technologies like IoT sensors, RFID tags, computer vision etc allows implementation of smart waste management solutions. Connected waste bins can detect fill levels and optimize collection routes to improve efficiency. Landfill gas and leachate levels can be digitally monitored. Advanced analytics helps identify waste generation patterns, forecast demand and optimally route trucks. Some cities are piloting digital platforms that allow citizens to book and track waste collection services while generating insights to guide future infrastructure needs. As waste infrastructure shifts towards automation and remote monitoring, digital connectivity opens new frontiers.\nBiological technologies- Researchers are also exploring biological and microbiological solutions for sustainable waste management. Methods are being studied to use waste-eating microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to aid in composting and accelerate the natural decomposition of organic materials. Biotechnologies also offer pathways for converting agricultural, forestry and food waste into higher-value bioproducts like bioplastics, solvents, animal feed ingredients, using techniques like fermentation. Advances in synthetic biology and microbial engineering fuels the development of such biological conversion processes.\nWhile these technologies are still under research and development or pilot-stage adoption, they represent promising new directions that can augment today’s waste management infrastructure and allow maximum resource recovery from waste. By diverting organic materials to production of renewable fuels and chemicals, and employing chemical and biological techniques for advanced recycling of plastics, cities of future may significantly reduce the burden on landfills whilst minimizing environmental impact of waste. Integrating digital connectivity can enable optimized operations and planning. Emerging technologies thus provide a pathway for transition towards more sustainable and circular models of waste management.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://atlasinfiniti.com/blog/what-all-you-need-to-know-about-flame-resistant-clothing", "date": "2024-03-04T12:15:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476442.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304101406-20240304131406-00318.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9503879547119141, "token_count": 819, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__128773915", "lang": "en", "text": "What are the situations when you need flame resistant clothing? Well, there are several work conditions where they are useful.\nNormal fabrics are flammable and hence, not suitable in these work conditions. From the point of ignition, they burn away with an increasing rate of flame spread. More importantly, they will keep on burning even if the source of ignition is removed. Either you have to extinguish the fire, or it will stop burning when all inflammable material is consumed.\nPopularly called FR clothing, it is a category of garments and fabrics that prevent the spread of fire away from the immediate area of burning.\nThe clothing resists ignition and get extinguished as soon as the source of fire is removed.\nRemember, flame-resistant clothing is not fireproof clothing. Hence, do not expect protection from burn injuries in the immediate periphery of ignition by wearing flame-resistant clothes.\nThen what do they do?\nFlame-resistant clothing is made from nonflammable stuff that has a chemical structure that resists the flames naturally. It may catch fire, but the rate of burning is slow. Most of the time, it extinguishes automatically. The most important function is to prevent the spread of fire.\nWhen clothing is made from chemically treated material that has self-extinguishing properties, then it is called flame-retardant clothing.\nThese fabrics undergo chemical treatment to get some of the properties of flame-resistant fabric. It burns slow and extinguishes automatically. Any type of fabric can be made flame-retardant.\nFire resistant clothing offers high protection against fire. These clothes do not catch fire under normal oxygen levels.\nIt is made by blending oxidized fibers that carbonizes and expands when burn. It expands and eliminates oxygen content within the fabric.\nFire resistant clothing offers higher TPP index or Therma Protective Performance Index.\nTPP is a measure to assess the thermal performance of fabric when it is exposed to radiant or convective heat. It is the number of seconds required to suffer second-degree burns from exposure to a source of thermal energy.\nThese two terms are frequently discussed when people talk about flame resistant coveralls. What does it mean?\nPrimary protection means that the clothing is designed to wear during activities where the wearer is exposed constantly to flames, molten substances, and radiant heat. An example is a firefighter who is always exposed to extreme conditions and needs maximum protection.\nSecondary protection means the wearer is not exposed to the hazard constantly, but intermittently.\nAtlas Infiniti is the one and only place where you get ae wide range of heat resistant clothing, flame- and fire-resistant uniforms, and fireproof clothes. Each item is made from industry-standard material and it is quality tested.\nIn every country, authorities lay down rules and regulations to keep the workforce safe while working in hazardous conditions. Virtually, every work condition is different. However, the safety parameters need to be formulated in the framework defined by the regulating bodies.\nYou have to contact the concerned officials to find out the specific information. It required more research into the work environment and industry.\nSince you are the owner of the company, it is your sole responsibility to provide safety gear. Remember, there is always a temptation to avoid the use of safety gears up to a certain extent.\nIt is both from the employer’s as well as the employee’s side. For example, a chemical plant does not keep reserves to buy fireproof jackets because there has not been a single incident of fire hazard in the past three decades.\nSimilarly, there could be a situation where people working near a furnace do not wear heat resistant clothing because they find it ‘too clumsy and uncomfortable”.\nHowever, it is not at all a healthy situation. Accidents can happen anytime, without any warning. Hence, preventive measures are mandatory.\nThe rules may seem taxing or unreasonable, but they are there for some good intentions. The correct approach is to follow the rules and stay safe.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://emotivity.my/glossary/vasopressin/", "date": "2020-10-28T15:02:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107898577.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028132718-20201028162718-00150.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8430629968643188, "token_count": 106, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__179133311", "lang": "en", "text": "Also known as antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin is a potent endogenous hormone which is responsible for regulating plasma osmolality and volume. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain to control circadian rhythm, thermoregulation, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone release (ACTH).\nSharman, A., & Low, J. (2008). Vasopressin and its role in critical care. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain, 8(4), 134-137.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://spaceanddefense.io/nasa-awards-contracts-for-acquisition-of-liquid-hydrogen/", "date": "2023-05-28T19:12:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644506.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528182446-20230528212446-00639.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9317685961723328, "token_count": 274, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__217303874", "lang": "en", "text": "NASA has announced it has awarded contracts to Air Products and Chemicals Inc. of Allentown, Pennsylvania, and Linde Inc. of Danbury, Connecticut, to supply up to approximately 15 million pounds of liquid hydrogen for use at facilities across the agency.\nThe indefinite delivery requirements contracts include multiple firm-fixed price delivery orders with maximum values of approximately $57.3 million for Air Products and Chemicals and approximately $29.1 million for Linde. Each contract begins Dec. 1 and consists of a two-year base period followed by an option period that, if exercised, would extend the contract to Nov. 30, 2025.\nUnder these contracts, Air Products and Chemicals will supply up to about 13.1 million pounds of liquid hydrogen to NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and Stennis Space Center in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, while Linde will deliver up to approximately 1.89 million pounds of the commodity to the agency’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland and Armstrong Test Facility in Sandusky, Ohio, as well as NASA’s Kennedy Space Center (including Cape Canaveral Space Force Station) in Florida.\nNASA uses liquid hydrogen, combined with liquid oxygen, as fuel in cryogenic rocket engines, and the commodity’s unique properties support the development of aeronautics.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://iss.jaxa.jp/utiliz/surp/ar/Semiconductor/html/2000/objectives2000.html", "date": "2023-12-07T04:25:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00411.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9304144978523254, "token_count": 641, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__67627524", "lang": "en", "text": "Background and Objectives of the Research\nNASDA has recently established the Space Utilization Research Program (SURP) for performing team research in collaboration with researchers outside NASDA. The role of SURP in microgravity science is to perform systematic research for demonstrating the potential of microgravity utilization by producing benchmark results and to promote microgravity utilization in future. Growth of high quality semiconductor crystals is one of several research themes that were selected for this purpose.\nControl of solute transport rate at the growth interface is the most important issue to grow compositionally homogeneous crystals. We aim at inventing a new growth method to control solute concentration and concentration gradient at the growth interface for growing homogeneous mixed crystals. The benefit of microgravity in crystal growth is improvement of controllability of solute transport by the suppression of thermal and solutal convections in fluids. Study on growth mechanism can also become much easier in microgravity by the suppression of convection. Therefore, we utilize this advantage of microgravity in crystal growth. We selected In0.3Ga0.7As as a target material because In0.3Ga0.7As is promising as a substrate of laser diodes for 1.3 mm wavelength but large homogeneous single crystals have never been grown on the ground.\nWhen we review past crystal growth experiments in space, very little satisfactory results have been obtained in spite of many attempts to grow homogeneous crystals. The reason may be due to insufficient considerations to the effects of residual acceleration and g-jitter on the melt behavior which could have prevented the purely diffusion-controlled mass and heat transport during crystal growth. An example is a Pb1-xSnxTe crystal growth experiment in the FMPT mission. The compositional profile was not uniform and suggested partial mixing of a melt during crystal growth. This result agreed well with the result of computer simulation on fluid flow in a melt; residual gravity on the order of 10-4 g causes convective flow whose velocity exceeds PbTe-SnTe interdiffusion rate.\nWe, therefore, proposed the graded solute concentration method as a new crystal growth method in which solute concentration decrease at the growth interface due to residual acceleration and g-jitter is compensated by preinstalled solute concentration gradient in a feed. The method has been developed by introducing a technique of partial melting method for further improving compositional homogeneity of grown crystals. We have succeeded in growing homogeneous InxGa1-xAs crystals (with x = 0.2 - 0.33 and fluctuation less than 竺0.02) having single crystal region of about 20 mm in length and we named the newly invented method ﾅﾕhe traveling liquidus-zone method・after the principle of the growth method.\nIn 2000 fiscal year, we developed the traveling liquidus-zone method experimentally and theoretically for obtaining larger size crystals and for elucidating mechanism of the homogeneous crystal growth and we applied to the 1st International Announcement of Opportunity for microgravity experiments aboard the International Space Station. In this booklet, we report results of our activities in the last year.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://sqdayijidian.com/en/News/industrynews/76.html", "date": "2020-11-30T07:55:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141211510.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130065516-20201130095516-00081.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9476661086082458, "token_count": 670, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__4482460", "lang": "en", "text": "The topic of waste plastics on the biological and marine environment of birds, fish, etc. has always been the focus of global media debate. Many environmental organizations are fiercely resisting plastics, calling for the replacement of plastic packaging with paper or other packaging. .\nMr. Thomas De Quincy, CEO of Coca-Cola, defended the use of plastic bottle packaging: “Plastics are not without advantages. Modern food and beverage containers help reduce food spoilage and waste, and they limit the spread of disease. Can help save lives.\"\nThe birth of plastics is less than a hundred years old and has penetrated into all aspects of our lives, bringing us great convenience. It is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, industry, construction, packaging, defense and cutting-edge industries, and people's daily life. Especially in our daily life, plastics are used more widely, such as plastic sandals, slippers, raincoats, handbags, children's toys, toothbrushes, soap boxes, thermos and so on. At present, it has also been widely used in various household appliances such as televisions, tape recorders, electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, and the like.\nThe danger of discarded plastics to birds, fish and the sea is a human problem, not a problem with the plastic itself. Waste plastics are not useless waste in nature, but resources that are placed in the wrong place at the wrong time are mismatched treasures. From a time perspective, today's waste plastics may become tomorrow's resources; from a spatial perspective, most waste Plastics have the chemical and physical properties required for industrial raw materials, and an environmental waste can often be another raw material.\nWhat we need to do more is to deal with waste plastic better, instead of discarding it or resolutely resisting it!\nHow to deal with waste plastics, under the premise of safety and environmental protection, through the advanced environmental protection technology and equipment to turn it into a treasure, is an effective way to deal with waste plastics.\nIn recent years, the scale of environmental protection equipment manufacturing has expanded rapidly, the development model has been continuously innovated, the service field has been continuously expanded, and the technical level has been greatly improved. Shangqiu Dayi Technology Co., Ltd., a leading company in the pyrolysis industry, independently develops environmentally-friendly continuous waste plastic pyrolysis technology equipment to realize the recycling and harmless treatment of waste plastics, and produce energy products such as fuel oil, natural gas and solid fuel. The equipment has won the National Science and Technology Progress Award for its excellent safety, environmental protection, energy-saving and high-performance performance, and long-term continuous and stable operation. The equipment is exported to Germany, Hungary, Brazil, Estonia, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Iraq, Taiwan and other worlds. Multiple countries and regions.\nNowadays, what we need to do more is to focus on science and technology, rather than demonizing this new material, which is less than a hundred years old. We should strive to publicize the resource attributes of waste plastics, rely on advanced environmental protection technology equipment to recycle and use waste plastics, turn waste plastic into products or convert them into secondary materials for reuse, and vigorously promote the development of green recycling and low carbon!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://blogs.eciems.com/nanomechanical-devices-based-on-quantum-levitation/", "date": "2018-02-24T14:12:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891815812.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180224132508-20180224152508-00264.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8626644611358643, "token_count": 195, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__64123705", "lang": "en", "text": "ScienceDaily (2009-01-07) — Magicians have long created the illusion of levitating objects in the air. Now researchers have actually levitated an object, suspending it without the need for external support. Working at the molecular level, the researchers relied on the tendency of certain combinations of molecules to repel each other at close contact, effectively suspending one surface above another by a microscopic distance. Researchers have measured, for the first time, a repulsive quantum mechanical force that could be harnessed and tailored for a wide range of new nanotechnology applications.\nRelated articles by Zemanta\n- A Third Revolution in DNA Nanotechnology (metamodern.com)\n- Researchers enlist DNA to bring carbon nanotubes’ promise closer to reality (scienceblog.com)\n- A DNA Origami Box (metamodern.com)\n- DNA Nanotech Gains a Third Dimension (wired.com)\nCopyright 2017 ECI Networks", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fwmdocks.com/about/environmental-standards/", "date": "2023-03-20T12:56:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943483.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320114206-20230320144206-00658.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9315282106399536, "token_count": 366, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__276227178", "lang": "en", "text": "In today’s world, we all have an ever-increasing responsibility to take care of the environment. The dock systems we manufacture and sell are purpose-built to be an eco-friendly alternative to traditional wood dock systems, which can release harmful substances into their natural surroundings.\nOur modular dock systems are crafted from components and materials that are completely harmless to the environment and can be recycled when their intended use is finished.\nSee additional information on materials, specs, components below.\nManufactured with NRA-235 high-performance, general-purpose, UV-stabilized, rotational molding grade resins; these resins offer a balance of toughness, rigidity, stress crack resistance and low-temperature impact performance\nResin conforms to FDA regulations (21 CFR 177.1520) regarding the use of polyethylene in food contact articles\nSuitable for processing by an approved recycling facility; or can be disposed of at any U.S. government-approved waste disposal facility\nNot listed by the EPA as a hazardous waste, nor is it formulated to contain materials that are listed as hazardous wastes\nDoes not exhibit the hazardous characteristics of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity, and is not formulated with contaminants as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)\nEZ-Dock requires no foam filling\nUses no wood products, which could be treated with copper, chromium or arsenic; products that contain CCA can no longer be placed where they are directly in contact with water\nPatented connection coupler (partially funded by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency) is engineered to be an environmentally friendly product; coupler is made from 90% pre- and/or post-consumer waste recycled rubber", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.sssi.in/blog/general/water-is-life-10-interesting-facts-about-water/", "date": "2023-10-01T12:14:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510888.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001105617-20231001135617-00562.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9686120748519897, "token_count": 1164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__112056116", "lang": "en", "text": "We all know water is life. Our body is also consisting of 70% water in it. All the life on earth is alive because of water. Water, the element necessary for the existence of life on Earth, was not discovered by scientists. However, modern-day research is focused on using this component to determine whether or not there is life on distant worlds.\nResearchers make incremental progress toward their goal of learning more about water with each passing day.\nIt is common knowledge that we would perish in the absence of water. However, did you know that a man can go without water for fewer than seven days before dying? This is only one of the numerous well-known facts that can be found regarding water.\nThere are various interesting facts about water. The purpose of this article is to make you aware of the significance of water by providing you with some water facts appropriate for children, as well as answering the question, \"Where does water originate from?\" You will gain a deeper understanding of water and its significance with the assistance of the material presented here.\nThere aren't many many characteristics that are shared by all forms of life on Earth, but one of them is the requirement for water. It is present in all living organisms, regardless of their habitat, be it the deepest part of the ocean or the driest part of the desert. On Earth, life couldn't exist without water.\nThe oceans encompass 71 percent of the surface of our globe and contain an astounding 96.5 percent of the water that exists on Earth. And at any given time, approximately 0.001 percent of it is suspended in the air above us in the atmosphere. If all of that water dropped to the ground as rain at once, the entire world would receive approximately 25 millimetres of precipitation.\nOnly 3.5 percent of the water on Earth may be considered fresh, which means that it contains only trace amounts of salt. Lakes, rivers, and streams make up the majority of the freshwater on Earth; however, glaciers and groundwater are also important sources. It is estimated that glaciers and ice sheets hold more than 68 percent of the world's freshwater supply. In addition, the groundwater accounts for another 30 percent.\nApproximately one cup of salt can be found in the water of one gallon of typical ocean. But it does differ. For example, the Atlantic Ocean contains a higher concentration of salt than the Pacific Ocean. There is a little lake in Antarctica known as Don Juan Pond that contains some of the saltiest water on the planet.\nOne single drop of ocean water can be home to a plethora of different organisms and processes. It is highly possible that it will include millions (yes, millions!) of different types of bacteria and viruses. In addition to this, it might also contain fish eggs, young crabs, plankton, or even worm larvae.\nThere was water present in the rocky stuff that eventually created Earth. On the other hand, this most likely does not account for all of the water that exists today. Ice and water make up the majority of comets. It's probable that comets brought Earth frequent shipments of water when they passed by. Although it would take a large number of comets to completely fill the ocean, it is possible that comets played a significant role in the process.\nAtoms tend to move closer to one another during the formation of solids, which results in the formation of something denser. Because of this, the majority of solids sink when placed in water. However, frozen water, sometimes known as ice, has a lower density than liquid water. This occurs quite rarely. When water freezes, the molecules of water arrange themselves into rings. Because of all the empty space, ice has a lower density. Because of this, it can float. This is wonderful because, when ice floats on top of a body of water, it allows the water underneath it to continue to be liquid. If the ice melted, the oceans as we know them may become completely frozen!\nA newborn contains approximately 78 percent water by weight. The average adult is between 55 and 60 percent water. Water plays a role in virtually every physiological process that occurs in our bodies. It is an essential component of the blood that is responsible for carrying nutrients to each and every one of our cells. For the purpose of getting rid of wastes, we put it to use. It assists in maintaining a temperature that is normal for our bodies. Our brain and spinal cord are protected from the effects of shock by its presence. We are tremendously dependent on water.\nWater possesses an intriguing quality all on its own. It has a \"sticky\" quality to it. It has a strong desire to adhere to itself as well as other objects. Because of this, water droplets tend to be spherical. Not all liquids do that. This \"stickiness\" aids in the movement of water from the roots of plants to the uppermost leaves of those plants. Water molecules climb the plant's xylem, which is made up of very thin straws, by clinging to both each other and the xylem's walls as they go.\nThe three forms of water that can exist in our world are ice, which is solid, water, which is liquid, and water vapour, which is gas. That is pretty uncommon, to say the least. Although any substance can exist in one of these three states, the majority of substances only do so when subjected to temperatures that are extremely high or low.\nStudents when they study science and geography subjects they learn about various topic related to water and other component of environment. Online tuition classes also help students in developing their understanding. Science Online Tuition classes helps students to complete assignments related to water and geology and geography.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://classicplating.com/index.html", "date": "2021-02-26T21:46:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178357984.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20210226205107-20210226235107-00465.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9171773195266724, "token_count": 123, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__58070244", "lang": "en", "text": "Classic Plating, Inc. has specialized in plating and metal finishing services since 1985. We have the technical knowledge and hands-on experience to conquer your plating challenges. We provide 3-5 day turnaround on electroless nickel and tin plating services, rush service is also available. Our full line of services includes electroless nickel, electroless nickel PTFE co-deposit, bright nickel electroplating, bright acid tin electroplating, satin tri-chrome electroplating and cabinet blasting with various media. We also provide assistance in selecting the proper surface treatment and coating for your application.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://blog.westminster.ac.uk/difference/why-is-august-1st-rna-day/", "date": "2023-11-29T04:36:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100056.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129041834-20231129071834-00342.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9585248231887817, "token_count": 1308, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__152122033", "lang": "en", "text": "It seems like everyone’s heard of DNA. Cartoons of double helix, the ‘recipe for life’, the place where our genetic code is written down, are a cliché image of science. Over the last two-and-a-half years, we’ve all become familiar with a new acronym; the world has heard a lot about RNA (ribonucleic acid) as both the carrier of genetic information in the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the life-saving ingredient of several vaccines against it. This is the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the diverse roles of RNA in biology. In fact, every year on 1st August, people like me celebrate this wonderful molecule (#RNAday !!) – why did we pick that date? And what is it about RNA that provokes such interest?\nTo appreciate the importance of RNA, there are two things you really need to know about it: the first is that, like DNA, it can carry genetic information; the second is that, like proteins, it can form 3D shapes that give rise to other functions, from speeding up chemical reactions (catalysis) to interacting with other biomolecules to form molecular machines. These overlapping functions, along with other evidence, have led scientists to propose RNA as a key player in the initial organisation of messy chemistry into early life, a hypothesis known as RNA World. The hypothesis is that RNA can catalyse its own replication to propagate genetic information, a process that is subject to selective pressures, with more stable or faster replicating molecules out-competing others. This may have been one of the first steps in organising chemical compounds into “biological” molecules and ultimately to what we recognise as living entities.\nIn modern cells, genetic information is contained and propagated in DNA and most catalysis is performed by proteins. RNA is the link between these molecules: DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into proteins – a process known in molecular biology as the Central Dogma. Translation (otherwise known as protein synthesis) itself involves three types of RNA.\n- Messenger RNA is a copy of the DNA recipe for a protein, like photocopying just the page you need from a recipe book rather than taking the entire book home from the library to your kitchen.\n- The molecular machine that reads the messenger RNA and assembles the protein is called a ribosome. This is the ‘kitchen’ where new proteins are produced. It is composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins – but it is the RNA in the ribosome that catalyses the formation of new chemical bonds to build a protein.\n- Transfer RNA is the link between messenger RNA and proteins – like the chef, it delivers the building blocks of proteins (amino acids) to the ribosome and aligns them in the correct sequence on the messenger RNA.\nIn addition to the recipe for the protein, messenger RNA encodes other instructions: a sequence directing the ribosome to bind in a specific place, sequences that specify the start and the end of the protein coding region and sequences that affect modification of the messenger RNA molecule itself. The start signal is composed of three of the building blocks of RNA (nucleotides), adenine, uracil and guanine, which are commonly referred to by their initials, A, U and G. Put together in this order, these three nucleotides form a ‘codon’ that instructs the ribosome to start building the protein using the amino acid methionine. Thus, AUG represents the instruction ‘start translation’ and so 1st AUGust has become associated with celebrating RNA’s most well-known roles in protein synthesis.\nThis century further roles of RNA have been identified and many have been exploited for use in medicine and biotechnology. Besides being used for RNA vaccines for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic, perhaps the most famous of these is CRISPR, for which the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was awarded.\nViruses infect cells by injecting them with their DNA or RNA, and forcing the cell to produce protein to make more viruses for release. In an example of the ongoing evolutionary arms race, bacteria have developed an RNA-based immune system that directs ‘molecular scissors’ to cut out their own DNA introduced during viral infection, preventing the virus from further replicating. Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier developed these RNA guides and molecular scissors to be able to edit DNA in other types of cells. Because the editing technology is highly selective in terms of the sequences of DNA and RNA involved, editing is precise, and the risk of off-target modifications is very low. The potential for safely editing genes in a huge variety of situations, from improving crop production, generating plastic-eating microorganisms, or use in medicine to repair genes associated with disease is therefore huge. My research specifically focuses on tuberculosis (TB), which before covid-19 was the leading cause of death from infectious disease. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which employs some unusual modifications to the process of translation and also possesses an internal RNA self-destruct button. I’m hopeful that my research into understanding these processes will lead to new targets for TB therapeutics.\nWhile more people have heard of DNA than RNA, you’ve got to admit that RNA is much more interesting. Sure, DNA is the code for life, but RNA is likely how that code evolved as well as being the de-coder, the machinery that makes it work and the factory worker running the machines all at once. That’s why this 1st August I’ll be celebrating RNA, so feel free to join in (science-themed baking or other crafts are particularly encouraged)!\nDr Beth Sawyer is a Lecturer in Biochemistry in the School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, where her research focuses on understanding fundamental biochemical processes in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium has an unusual lifecycle and can remain dormant in granulomas in the lungs for decades, before causing symptomatic disease. To better understand the processes of bacterial hibernation and reactivation, increased appreciation of the subtle differences in fundamental life processes between M. tuberculosis and other ‘model’ bacteria is vital.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://renodentalassociates.com/2019/01/25/the-rise-of-activated-charcoal-toothpaste/", "date": "2024-02-21T05:45:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473370.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221034447-20240221064447-00108.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9396339058876038, "token_count": 622, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__146366668", "lang": "en", "text": "As you may have heard, charcoal is coming on the rise in many beauty and health trends. Whether you are smearing it, brushing it, or eating it, activated charcoal is everywhere to be seen. It is known to absorb bad toxins and seems to clear up acne-prone skin. So there is no debate about why it is such a popular trend. But as we use it all over our body, the real question has been: Is Activated Charcoal Toothpaste healthy to use on our teeth?\nWhat Is Activated Charcoal?\nDon’t be deceived into thinking people are taking charcoal off the grill for their beauty habits. Activated Charcoal undergoes a unique process for it to be deemed safe to use in face-masks, vitamins, and toothpaste. You can use many different materials to get activated charcoal. Such materials can be coconut shells, bone char, olive pits, coal, and sawdust. These materials are then milled into a fine black powder. To get the powder to activate, they would process it with high heat.\nActivated charcoal develops more internal spaces/ pores. These pores are able to trap toxins and chemicals, which is where the health benefit comes from. Once it is activated, Charcoal is known to have a negative charge, which attracts toxins and gases with a positive charge. It’s able to be carried out of the body through excretions because it cannot be absorbed by the body.\nIs it good for you?\nIn theory, Charcoal is very beneficial for toxin removal. However, there hasn’t been much research towards its whitening abilities. Although there have been many videos and reviews about the black paste, scientific research still hasn’t come out. If you still want to try out activated charcoal toothpaste, make sure the abrasiveness of the toothpaste isn’t high. Brushing with very abrasive toothpaste can wear down your enamel. Since we can’t regrow or replenish the enamel, wearing it down can be detrimental to our oral health. The RDA (Relative Dentin Abrasivity) suggests that your whitening toothpaste is below 200.\nWe will go to great lengths to get that perfect smile. If you decided to be a part of this trend, try smearing the toothpaste onto your teeth. This way you won’t endanger your enamel and will still see the results! Another suggestion to take into consideration is to always consult with your dental professional when using new products. Everyone’s teeth are different, so make sure you are benefitting your own oral health. For best results that are safe and practiced, get your teeth whitened professionally by a dentist.\nIf you are unsure about using Charcoal toothpaste, check out Reno Dental Associates other options for teeth whitening. We use safe whitening procedures and tools that give you the best possible results for whiter, healthier teeth. You can also contact us with any questions regarding your teeth whitening curiosities.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://llsnutrition.org/breaking-down-food-fads-the-alkaline-diet/", "date": "2023-12-01T00:35:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100258.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130225634-20231201015634-00348.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9090169072151184, "token_count": 1476, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__34249044", "lang": "en", "text": "While browsing the grocery store or scrolling online, you may have seen water or foods labeled as “alkaline.” These products often claim you need alkaline water and foods for peak performance. More recently, these products and their supporters have also claimed that alkaline water and foods fight cancer. The “alkaline diet” has grown in popularity in online conversations about cancer and nutrition. Is the alkaline diet really effective at fighting cancer? Do you really need alkaline water to stay healthy? Let’s explore.\nWhat is the alkaline diet?\nThe alkaline diet is sometimes also called the acid-alkaline diet, alkaline acid diet, or acid ash diet. Supporters of the alkaline diet claim that when the body’s environment becomes “acidic,” the risk for cancer increases. This claim came from a finding that cancer cells in laboratory animals and cell studies live in an acidic (low pH) environment. This led to the assumption that eating foods that are alkaline (high pH) will stop cancer growth by creating a high pH environment in the body. Supporters call this “alkalizing the body.” The theory that what you eat can alter the acidity or alkalinity (the pH level) of your blood is the basis of the alkaline diet. However, this is an unproven claim in humans. The findings only apply to cells in lab experiments.\nThe Acid Alkaline Association (AAA)’s version of this diet recommends eating 80% alkaline foods (most vegetables and fruits) and 20% acid-producing foods (meats, poultry, dairy, eggs, coffee, whole grains, beans, sugar, and alcohol). Foods are categorized based on their effect on the body, especially the potential renal acidity load (PRAL). Certain fruits, vegetables, and seeds are emphasized. Processed foods are largely avoided. In addition to classifying foods by their pH, the AAA promotes 10 levels of the alkaline diet with more restrictions as the levels progress, including avoiding certain food combinations.\nDoes the alkaline diet actually change pH levels in the body?\nYou cannot change the pH of your blood by changing the foods that you eat or the combinations of the foods that you eat. The primary claim of the alkaline diet is not true.\nScientific evidence tells us that the human body has a powerful system to keep the blood pH levels in a tight range, pH 7.35 to 7.45, which is a neutral pH. The kidneys and respiratory system work around the clock to maintain a safe pH level in the blood. If the pH of blood changes quickly, it is life threatening. Your food choices have little to no effect on the pH of your blood. Some alkaline diet plans recommend checking your urine pH often. Urine pH has no relationship to your blood pH or cancer risk.\nSome acids in the body actually work to benefit us in many ways. How? Many areas of our body must be acidic to work correctly, like the acidic levels in our stomach for proper digestion.\nIs the alkaline diet safe for all cancer patients?\nSome patients find the strict rules of the alkaline diet, such as only eating specific foods together, to be stressful. As a patient progresses through the advanced levels of the alkaline diet, consuming adequate calories may become difficult because of increasing restrictions. One version of the alkaline diet recommends 64 ounces of water daily which may not be appropriate for all cancer patients. The restrictive nature of the alkaline diet can also put patients at risk for nutrient deficiencies from not consuming enough dietary protein, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, iron, and calcium by limiting beef, poultry, eggs and dairy foods.\nDoes the alkaline diet offer any benefits?\nThe alkaline diet’s emphasis on increasing fruits and vegetables and avoiding processed foods, sugar, and alcohol is a good thing. Studies of plant-based diets show that meals full of plants, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and less animal protein reduce the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes.\nThe basic recommendations of the alkaline diet—eating a plant-based menu and eating multiple meals throughout the day—do offer benefits. Eating multiple times throughout the day may also help people feel less hungry and more energized since they have a regular source of fuel.\nWhat’s the bottom line?\nYour overall pattern of eating is more important than a single food in managing cancer or risk of cancer. There are no large, well-designed clinical trials that prove an acidic (lower) pH blood level in humans increases cancer risk. Cancer cells create an acidic environment. The acidic environment does not create the cancer. There is also no scientific evidence that proves the claim that maintaining an alkaline pH in the blood reduces cancer cell growth, cures cancer, or prevents cancer recurrence.\nSome acids in the body actually benefit us by adding in digestion, for example. Acids are vital for health and immunity like the amino acids that are the building blocks of dietary protein and healthy fatty acids for your heart. Enjoying a variety of foods, especially fruits and vegetables, provides many health benefits. Focus less on the alkalinity and acidity of foods, and focus more on colorful, plant-based meals.\nRemember, the alkaline diet is NOT a substitute for cancer treatments such as a chemotherapy, radiation or surgery.\nAlways talk to your healthcare team before making any changes to your diet or lifestyle.\n O’Brien, S et al: “Diets, Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements for Cancer Prevention and Survival,” Oncology for Clinical Practice, Chapter 8, page 62-65, 2013, Oncology Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.\n Leech, Joe. (2017, June 9). “The Alkaline Diet: An Evidence-Based Review.” Healthline. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/the-alkaline-diet-myth#section1.\n The American Institute for Cancer Research. “Alkaline diets.” Retrieved from http://www.aicr.org/patients-survivors/healthy-or-harmful/alkaline-diets.html?_ga=2.250217038.992419478.1533654035-1668668041.1493149900.\n Cunningham, Eleese. (2009). “What Impact Does pH Have on Food and Nutrition?” Journal of American Dietetic Assoication, 109(10), 1816. Retrieved from https://jandonline.org/article/S0002-8223%2809%2901521-1/abstract.\n Foroutan, Robin. (2016, April 28). “Alkaline Diet: Does pH Affect Health and Wellness?” Food & Nutrition. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Retrieved from https://foodandnutrition.org/may-june-2016/alkaline-diet-ph-affect-health-wellness/.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.rockbreakingsolutions.com/nonex", "date": "2021-03-06T23:35:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178375529.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210306223236-20210307013236-00335.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9357873797416687, "token_count": 223, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__209049949", "lang": "en", "text": "What is NoneX?\nNoneX technology is based on a non-detonating chemical compound. The chemical is enclosed in a cartridge that reacts very quickly when triggered, producing an elevated volume of non-noxious gas, primarily composed of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.\nWhen the NoneX cartridge is hermetically closed in a hole, the gas creates pressure on the sides of the hole and produces a breakage of the rock or cement. Such breakage is often called breakaway.\nThe NoneX cartridge uses a patented technology that increases the transfer of energy to the inside of the rock or cement to enhance the effectiveness of the breakage.\nNonex cartridges are classified as 1.4s and are safe to transport by air or road, greatly reducing transport cost and issues.\nWaterproof NoneX Cartridges. The NoneX cartridges are waterproof and can be used in humid holes or in situations such as working in dams, giving effective breakage while minimising time and cost factors. The Nonex cartridge range is an integated cartridge and does not require auxilliry cartridges to increase it capabilities.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://bbtooinc.com/bebe-folie", "date": "2018-05-23T01:03:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865023.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523004548-20180523024548-00634.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8990623354911804, "token_count": 170, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__111677301", "lang": "en", "text": "Perfect even cooling mats, to help baby stay comfortable in hot weather!\nCooling Gel Mats come in three styles to fit stroller, crib or pram! Waterproof and no need for refrigeration, these fabulous cooling gel mats have an easy to clean antibacterial, mold-proof, durable, cotton polyester surface. Bebe Folie cools for 3-4 hours and is light weight, portable and great for travel.\nBebe Folie Gel Mats are made of macro-molecules that prevent leakage outside the mat. This 5th generation of high-tech Cooling Gel is made from 80% water, which allows a better dissipation of heat. The Gel polymer absorbs heat from the baby’s body into the cooling gel and exchanges the heat into the air through high-efficient conductivity of the gel.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.heididcosmetics.com/products/satin-finish-foundation", "date": "2017-04-30T14:48:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125654.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00441-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7398794293403625, "token_count": 252, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__162928139", "lang": "en", "text": "SATIN FINISH FOUNDATION\nPro Tip: Shake & pump a small amount into your palm. Start by warming in your hands and with your fingers or sponge, apply in the center of your face and blend outwards. Adjust the coverage you need by adding another pump as you go, a little goes a long way.\nBenefits: Water based, Oil-Free, Sunscreen\nIngredients: Water, cyclomethicone, titanium dioxide, butylenes glycol, trimethylsiloxysilcate, vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disteardimonium hectorite, cyclopentasiloxane, propylene carbonate, silica, sodium chloride, sorbitan sesquioleate, polymethylmethacrylate, magnesium stearate, lauryl peg/ppg-18/18 methicone, sodium hyaluronate, methylparaben, propylparaben, diazolindiyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, fragrance, iron oxides (CI77491, CI77492, CI77499)\nWeight: 40mL/1.41fl oz\nMADE IN PRC", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://homeworksnc.com/particulate-testing/", "date": "2024-04-14T01:59:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00854.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8922039866447449, "token_count": 273, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__22559865", "lang": "en", "text": "Total Particle Analysis\nThe Total Particle Analysis involves microscopic examination of particles collected from the air or surfaces, excluding mold.\nThese particles include fiberglass and cellulose fibers from insulation, silicates, soot, dust mites, insect parts, pet dander, pollen, and wood dust. They may trigger allergic reactions or cause respiratory, eye, and skin irritation. Sometimes, skin and respiratory issues are not solely due to mold; other particles like dander, gypsum, talc, mineral salts, and soot can lead to excessive dust accumulation in homes.\nProper and consistent cleaning is essential to manage these dust types, as they significantly impact our daily lives.\nSilicate dusts, cement dust, gypsum powder, and other particles also pose risks to respiratory health. Renovation projects within homes can elevate nuisance dust levels, and even wood dust can cause skin irritation and rashes. Remember, maintaining a dust-free environment contributes to our overall well-being.\nUnderstanding Allergy-Causing Nuisance Dusts.\nNot all allergy like symptoms stem from mold growth. Our health can be impacted by various materials and biological matter in our environment, affecting both our breathing and skin daily. Homeworks Environmental specializes in collecting air and surface samples to evaluate for several of these nuisance dusts.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://en.vaicacao.com/blogs/notizie/proprieta-e-benefici-del-cacao-puro-non-polvere-di-cacao", "date": "2021-04-21T17:46:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039546945.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421161025-20210421191025-00618.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6677222847938538, "token_count": 1015, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__155709868", "lang": "en", "text": "Properties and benefits of pure cacao (not cocoa powder)\nCOCOA : A FOOD CONSIDERED SACRED BY THE ANCIENT MESOAMERICAN PEOPLES FOR ITS MANY BENEFITS ON MIND AND BODY\nIn questo post evidenzierò le principali azioni del cacao nel nostro corpo. Parliamo però di cacao puro, senza zuccheri aggiunti, ovvero di fave di cacao (in nibs o macinate - come il nostro ceremonial cacao).\nSOURCE OF PRECIOUS ANTIOXIDANTS, PERFORMS ANTI-AGING ACTION IN A NATURAL WAY\nScientific studies carried out by the University of Seoul in South Korea show that COCOA beans contain antioxidants: 30 times more than green tea and red wine, confirming it among the foods with the most antioxidant power. (Source: American Chemical Society http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf0344385 ). Other studies are showing (yet to be confirmed) that epicatechins are able to increase liposis and therefore burn fat, placing it among the anti-obesity foods. Cocoa contains antioxidants known as flavonoids, among which kaempferol quercetin and isoramnetine.\nIT WOULD HELP CONCENTRATION AND MEMORY\nCocoa would help memory and concentration: the phosphorus contained in cocoa is believed to be useful in intellectual fatigue, as well as caffeine and theobromine which stimulate brain activity.\nFONTE NATURALE DI MINERALI, VITAMINE, PROTEINE E FIBRE\nContains significant amounts of minerals such as magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, manganese and iron. Magnesium helps calcium fix itself in the bones; the zinc it is the most present mineral, after iron, in all tissues and, associated with the B vitamins of which cocoa is rich, intervenes in the digestive processes, stimulates the immune system.\nPotassium contributes to the vital functions of our body. Useful in regulating muscle contractility, reducing water retention and coordinating nerve transmission. Recent studies have also shown how important potassium can be in prevent and reduce blood pressure.\nThe content of magnesium lo rende benefico in caso di crampi e ipertensione muscolare. È anche indicato nel periodo pre-mestruale per ridurre i dolori al ventre. Indicato anche in caso di affaticamento intellettuale, o dopo una giornata stressante. Cocoa is recommended for those suffering from anemia and vegans, due to its iron and vegetable protein content. Allied food for those who practice sports, but also for those who need a boost during work healthy energy, without increasing blood sugar. It also contains B vitamins (B2, B3, B5, B6) E, J, K, and large amounts of fiber.\nHELPS TO FIGHT STRESS AND IMPROVE MOOD TONE\nIt is a precursor of fundamental neurotransmitters such as: serotonin, endorphin, anandamide and phenylethylamine.\nSerotonin is the hormone of good mood, which is why cacao improves mood and promotes positive thoughts. When we eat cocoa our body feels like falling in love and this gives us a positive spirit.\nContains \"tryptophan\" essential amino acid that humans do not produce. In addition it is necessary to introduce it with the power supply. The role of tryptophan is to synthesize serotonin.\nRECOMMENDED DAILY DOSES and CONTRAINDICATIONS\nDovuto al contenuto di teobromina, sostanza eccitante del cacao simile alla caffeina, è meglio scegliere di consumarlo durante il giorno (15 grammi) e non durante i pasti notturni. Sebbene non tutti abbiamo le stesse necessità o risposte fisiologiche a ciò che mangiamo, questo consiglio può essere utile per chi soffre di insonnia. Consulta sempre il/la tuo/a nutrizionista.\nPregnant women e persone affette da gravi patologie cardiache, dovrebbero consultare il/la proprio medico/a.\n* It is always advisable to have a varied diet, drink plenty of water and play sports. In no case should VAICACAO be a substitute for a varied diet or taken as a substitute for medicines.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://cookingiceandfire.com/does-hexclad-have-teflon/", "date": "2024-02-28T19:45:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474744.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228175828-20240228205828-00526.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9003350734710693, "token_count": 1605, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__61258010", "lang": "en", "text": "As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases\nDoes Hexclad Have Teflon? Hexclad cookware does not contain traditional Teflon (PTFE). Their pans feature a hybrid design with a non-stick ceramic layer.\nHexclad has revolutionized modern cookware with its unique hybrid technology. Combining durable stainless steel with a ceramic non-stick surface, they promise a high-performance cooking experience that makes them stand out in a crowded market.\nConsumers seeking a balance between non-stick convenience and long-lasting quality find Hexclad appealing.\nThis cookware is designed to withstand metal utensils and is oven-safe, offering versatility for chefs at all skill levels.\nWith its distinctive hexagonal pattern, the brand has managed to make a name for itself among home cooks and professional chefs alike, who are looking for an alternative to traditional non-stick pans without turning to Teflon-coated options.\nDoes Hexclad Have Teflon Coating\nHexClad cookware utilizes a relatively unique hybrid technology that combines stainless steel with a non-stick surface. The coating found on HexClad pans is not identical to traditional Teflon (PTFE) coatings.\nWhile Teflon is a brand name for a particular type of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), HexClad’s coating is reinforced with ceramic and diamond dust layers to enhance durability.\nThis innovative approach aims to provide the ease of non-stick cooking without the concerns associated with Teflon coatings, such as potential deterioration at high temperatures.\nIt’s important for consumers to recognize that even though HexClad may not have “Teflon” per se, it does contain PTFE to achieve its non-stick properties.\nDespite common misconceptions, PTFE itself is not inherently harmful if used under recommended conditions, and HexClad ensures that its products are PTFE-safe and free from PFOA, which is another chemical of concern in the production of some non-stick coatings.\nUnpacking The Hexclad Design\nHexClad cookware’s patented layering approach is designed to provide a unique blend of durability and performance. Their technology comprises a laser-etched hexagon design that is layered over stainless steel and aluminum for superior heat distribution.\nAt the heart of the debate is whether HexClad implements Teflon, a brand name for PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene), in their non-stick coating.\nTo address concerns about health and safety, it’s crucial to acknowledge that HexClad assures PFOA-free materials; PFOA is a chemical formerly used to manufacture PTFE and has raised health concerns.\nThe design of HexClad’s cookware aims to provide a non-stick surface without the potential risks associated with conventional non-stick coatings.\nThis strategy impacts cooking efficiency by allowing for even heat distribution and the use of less oil, which benefits those seeking healthier cooking methods.\nNon-stick Technology In Hexclad Pans\nThe non-stick surface of HexClad pans stands out from traditional non-stick cookware by incorporating a unique blend of ceramic and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene).\nUnlike ordinary Teflon-coated pans, HexClad utilizes a hybrid technology that combines stainless steel with diamond dust and PTFE to create a durable, high-performance cooking surface.\nThe result is a pan that promises to be scratch-resistant and safe for use with metal utensils.\nTraditional non-stick cookware, often referred to simply as Teflon pans, typically have a coating solely made from PTFE which can be prone to scratching and may degrade over time at high temperatures.\nHexClad’s innovative approach, on the other hand, provides excellent heat distribution and longevity, without sacrificing the ease of clean-up and low-fat cooking benefits that come with a non-stick surface.\n|Ceramic with PTFE, Stainless Steel\n|Scratch-resistant, metal utensil safe\n|Prone to scratching, not for use with metal utensils\n|High heat tolerance\n|Can degrade at high temperatures\nThe Safety Profile Of Hexclad Surfaces\nUnderstanding the safety of HexClad cooking surfaces involves knowing what they’re comprised of. HexClad cookware features a patented design that claims to be PTFE-free, which means their products should not contain Teflon.\nTeflon, known for its non-stick properties, contains Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a compound that raises health concerns when overheated.\nThe company prides itself on compliance with strict health and safety certifications, insisting that its unique hybrid technology, which combines stainless steel with a nonstick surface, maintains health standards.\nCooking enthusiasts are therefore provided with a blend of durability and safe cooking performance.\nHexClad cookware is designed to be heat-tolerant, enduring temperatures up to 500 degrees Fahrenheit.\nThis high level of heat resistance suggests that their materials are chemically stable even when exposed to high cooking temperatures.\nSuch attributes serve to ease concerns about the potential for chemical breakdown and emission of harmful substances.\nInnovations In Non-stick Cookware\nThe cookware industry constantly evolves with newer materials and technologies that enhance both durability and convenience for users.\nAmong these innovations, HexClad has emerged as a notable brand that is often associated with this technological shift.\nMany kitchen enthusiasts wonder about the materials used in HexClad cookware, especially concerning Teflon, a traditionally popular non-stick coating.\nHexClad’s cookware blends stainless steel with a distinctive diamond-dust finish and a layer of non-stick material. Their proprietary design provides the resilience of stainless steel and the easy-cleaning benefits of non-stick surfaces.\nNotably, HexClad does not rely on PFOA, a compound commonly associated with traditional Teflon products.\nThey boast of a PTFE-based non-stick surface that is free from the past concerns linked to Teflon coatings, offering a safer and innovative solution in non-stick cookware technology.\nFrequently Asked Questions Of Does Hexclad Have Teflon\nDoes Hexclad Have Harmful Chemicals?\nHexClad cookware is free from harmful chemicals, including PFOA, ensuring safe cooking experiences.\nDoes Hexclad Have Ptfe In It?\nYes, HexClad cookware contains PTFE in its non-stick coating for enhanced performance and easy food release.\nIs There A Lawsuit Against Hexclad?\nAs of my knowledge cutoff in early 2023, there is no widely reported lawsuit against HexClad, the cookware brand known for its hybrid technology and non-stick pans.\nAlways you should check the latest sources for the most current information.\nIs Ptfe Coating Safe To Use?\nPTFE coating, commonly known as Teflon, is generally safe for cooking at recommended temperatures.\nIt becomes potentially harmful if heated above 570°F (300°C), releasing toxic fumes. Use PTFE-coated cookware with caution to maintain safety.\nWrapping up, Hexclad’s innovative cookware design merges stainless steel’s durability with nonstick convenience.\nWhile its composition avoids traditional Teflon, the hybrid design still promises easy cooking and cleaning.\nAs you refine your kitchen arsenal, knowing Hexclad’s materials helps make an informed choice for health-conscious, culinary excellence.\nAs an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.coffee-statistics.com/how-to-make-coffee-less-acidic/", "date": "2021-10-19T05:59:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585242.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019043325-20211019073325-00716.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9486544728279114, "token_count": 1125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__65624882", "lang": "en", "text": "Coffee is a great drink. It’s hugely popular, and it gives many people the extra boost they need to get going in the morning, no matter where they are, even travelling or camping. There’s pretty much a coffee drink out there for everyone. Unless you suffer from acid reflux or heartburn. Since coffee contains acids, it can wreak havoc on those people who suffer from these conditions. But there is hope! If you’ve wondered how to make coffee less acidic, then keep reading for solutions.\nThe way we measure acidity is by the pH scale. It runs from 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic. Coffee falls at a 5, which is pretty high, though not as high as some fruit juices or even some sodas. The issue with coffee is that the caffeine in the coffee combined with the acidity raises the acid content of your stomach, creating heartburn.\nBut coffee is naturally acidic, and that’s what gives the tart, bright jolt that many coffee drinkers love. Not to mention, the natural acids contain the health-boosting antioxidants that can make some drinks a healthy choice. Which is why it can be so disappointing for those people who can’t handle the acidity that coffee dishes out.\nThere are some options, though, for those people who want their coffee but not the acidity. Some coffee brands do have low acid coffee. These come about in a few ways: if the waxy outer shell of the bean is removed before it is roasted, it can help reduce the acidity level. And roasting some beans slower, at a lower temperature, and even interrupting the roasting process are all ways that low acid coffee can be created.\nUnfortunately, these methods do have downsides.\nIf you’re someone who desperately wants the pleasing scent of fresh coffee in the morning, then perhaps a low acid coffee isn’t for you. You don’t need to do any specific tricks to lower the acidity and simply can go for a dark roast coffee. That’s because the darker the roast of the beans, the less acid they contain. This is why darker roasts tend to be more bitter while lighter roasts are brighter. It’s the acidity that causes that brightness. If you’re looking for an easier way to get less acidic coffee, try a darker roast and see if it’s enough to give you relief. But if you’re someone who prefers a medium or lighter roast, this may not be a great option for you or your palate.\nAnother fun fact about coffee beans is that where they’re grown, matters. Just like grapes used to make wine, the values and flavors of coffee beans vary depending on the location they’re grown, the soil, the weather and temperature, and growing conditions.\nOne of the most interesting facts about coffee beans grown at lower elevations is that they naturally contain less acid.\nHow you prepare your coffee can have a big difference in the acidity level of your coffee as well. The longer you brew your coffee, the more time it has for the acid to extract into the drink, so if you’re suffering, try reducing the brewing time of your coffee and see if it helps.\nGrind size of the beans can make a difference, too, though there are some arguments about this. Some people say that a fine grind allows more acids to accumulate, making for higher acidity, but others say the opposite is true: that a coarse grind slows down the rate of coffee extraction, which means more acidity. Either way, if you suffer from too much acidity or sourness, try changing the grind of your beans to coarser or finer and see if it makes a difference for you and your stomach.\nBut if none of the above methods make a difference for you, there are some other tips and tricks you can try to help reduce the acid content of your coffee. Specifically, there are things you can add to your coffee when brewing or when drinking. Things you can add to your grounds when brewing to lower the acidity can include:\nIf you’ve been wondering how to brew coffee to make it less acidic, well, one of the other methods you could rely on is cold brewing instead of the usual drip coffee brewing. Cold brewing involves using a coarse grind and letting it sit in a jar with water in your refrigerator overnight, or for at least 12 hours. Cold brewing, since it uses cold water, creates a drink that is less bitter and more rounded, and also up to 70% less acidic.\nBut it’s important to know that while cold brewing may be the solution for many people needing less acidic coffee, cold-brewed coffee also has fewer antioxidants, and therefore less of a health boost than hot brewed coffee has. By the way, you may take a look at some great cold brew coffee makers which make the process of brewing much easier.\nHopefully, your questions about how to make the coffee taste less acidic have been answered. While high acid coffee may wreak havoc on some drinkers’ digestive systems, there are a lot of tricks and options you can try to see if it makes a difference for you. Whether you choose a darker roast, include additives to your beverage, or even try cold brewing, there’s probably something in this list that will let you enjoy your coffee without worrying about the burn of reflux.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.austria-scitech-china.at/news/austrian-delegation-on-advanced-materials-successfully-visited-china/", "date": "2020-05-29T20:08:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347406365.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529183529-20200529213529-00229.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9173657298088074, "token_count": 440, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__74710198", "lang": "en", "text": "Intensive exchange with Chinese scientists and entrepreneurs in different cities\nPhoto: Roundtable in TIPCCAS\nPhoto: Visit to the Shanghai University\nA delegation with 18 Austrian experts on advanced materials from excellent Austrian universities and representatives from Austrian companies successfully visited China from 11-16 November 2018. The visit was organized by the Office of Science and Technology of the Austrian Embassy in Beijing (OSTA) in collaboration with Advantage Austria, the Austrian Chamber of Commerce and led by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT). The main purpose of the delegation visit was identifying additional potential cooperation partners and preparing for the upcoming joint calls: the fifth joint call between the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) and the fourth joint call between FFG and the Shanghai University.\nDuring the visit, Sino-Austrian Roundtables on Advanced Materials, lab visits and individual science to science and business to business meetings were arranged with Chinese researchers from different renowned CAS institutes: the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science (IMRCAS) in Shenyang, the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (TIPCCAS) in Beijing, the Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology of the Chinese Academy of Science (CNITECH) in Ningbo, the Shanghai University and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS) as well as numerous Chinese companies.\nThe visit offered an excellent opportunity for the Austrian participants to exchange information with their potential cooperation partners, to gain deeper insights into their research areas and to get closer contact with each other.\n- Austrian Ministry of Science and Technology (BMVIT)\n- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)\n- Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)\n- Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Science (IMRCAS)\n- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS (TIPCCAS)\n- Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CNITECH)\n- Shanghai University\n- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SICCAS)", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.jaffa.co.uk/the-fruit-honest-sicilian-reds/", "date": "2020-07-10T05:28:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655906214.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710050953-20200710080953-00349.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9581586122512817, "token_count": 112, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__36568645", "lang": "en", "text": "Although these may look like ordinary oranges from the outside, they are altogether a much more exquisite fruit, and for a good reason too.\nAll oranges contain carotene- that’s what makes them orange. Jaffa Reds contain high concentrations of a pigment called anthocyanin, which causes the flesh to develop its characteristic maroon colour when the fruit grows with low temperatures during the night.\nJaffa Reds are grown in both Sicily and Spain.\nLook out for:\nJaffa Reds in store from January to March.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.hometownroofingcontractors.com/blog/the-ultimate-guide-to-copper-roofing", "date": "2020-12-04T19:48:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141743438.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204193220-20201204223220-00132.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9259195923805237, "token_count": 1415, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__201319268", "lang": "en", "text": "In this guide, we'll discuss...\nCopper is not only beautiful in appearance, but it’s also durable.\nA properly installed copper roof will likely be the last roof ever installed on the building. Copper holds up well to weathering, UV exposure, humid and dry climates, rainfall, wind, and hail.\nIn addition, one of the most appealing aspects of copper roofing is its weathering properties. It turns from the traditional shiny copper color to a blue-green tint referred to as \"patina.\" It can take more than 25 years in some geographic locations for the patina to fully develop. Patina is actually a thin layer of copper sulfate that forms over the roofing material when exposed to weather and air pollutants. A perfect example of how this process works is the Statue of Liberty.\nThe layer of patina that forms on copper roofing protects the copper from corrosion. Because of this all-natural protectant, there’s no need to apply any sort of protective coating or enamel to copper roofs. It’s a great benefit of this type of roofing.\nIt’s also not unusual to notice small undulations—known as oil canning—on the surface of copper roofing. The manufacturing process and inherited properties of the metal are the cause of oil canning. The oil canning issue will eventually go away as the patina finish conceals the imperfections.\nCopper is used in the roofing industry for ornamental work and as a complete roofing solution. It's an exceptionally malleable metal that bends and molds to various shapes with relative ease.\nCopper used in roofing applications is available in several levels of hardness. Soft copper is ideal for ornamental work, while much harder cold-rolled copper is used for roofing panels and shingles.\nCopper roofing is an ideal choice for highlighting a decorative focal point of the roof. Roofing contractors are able to pre-fabricate the ornamental copper piece in-house or on-site. The roofer can pound the copper into virtually any shape.\nLEARN MORE: The Homeowner's Complete Metal Roofing Guide\nRoofing panels composed of metal materials, such as copper, are often referred to as standing seam roofing. These are primarily pre-formed or field formed pans, typically between 14 - 18 inches wide. However, dimensions vary based on the size and angle of your roof.\nThese panels can be installed a number of different ways, depending on the dimensions of your roof and copper panels.\nCommon installation techniques include:\n- Gable Rake\n- Typical Standing Seam\n- Transverse Seams\n- Standing Seam at Hip\nAn experienced metal roofing contractor should be familiar with these standard practices. They should be knowledgeable and happy to explain the process and details regarding your particular panels and roof.\nCopper flashing is sold in coils ranging from .001 to .0216 inch. The thinnest copper flashing won’t serve as waterproofing for your property, as it’s primarily used in crafting. Thicker gauges require tin snips to cut but are commonly used for roofing applications.\nIn addition to its durability, copper flashing is popular because over time, the color will changes from bright and shiny to darkish green. This patina gives your property a sign of character.\nStanding seam copper roofs are a popular choice for steep and low-slope roofs because they offer superior water shedding properties. The copper panels are soldered together at the seams, making them strong and watertight.\nCopper roofing installation is a skilled trade best left to roofing professionals with experience installing copper roofing. This is especially true for ornamental installs, such as domes or irregularly shaped roof structures.\nCopper is an architectural roofing material rather than structural, meaning there must be solid decking or closely-spaced battens installed to support the copper panels or shingles. Since typical fasteners and flashing are susceptible to corrosion and discoloration, roofers use copper fasteners and flashing when working with copper roofing.\nFIND OUT MORE: Metal Roofing Installation\nThe cost of copper roofing is higher than most other types of roofing, such as asphalt shingles, tile, and steel roofing. However, copper roofs have been shown to last for more than a century, so it’s probably the last roof you'll ever buy for the building.\nOn average, the typical cost of a 2,500 sq. ft. copper roof is $44,144. Prices fluctuate depending on your location, the size and complexity of your roof, whether the old roofing material needs to be removed, the grade of material, and more.\nThere are a variety of finishes available for copper roofing, although copper is one of the few roofing materials that requires no protective finish at all.\nIt can take 5 to 15 years (or longer in some cases) for the desired blue-green patina color to take full effect. Certain chemicals can help accelerate this process, like ammonium chloride.\nThere’s no exact science to this acceleration process, and the geographic location greatly influences how well—if at all—the chemicals succeed at accelerating the patina process. Since it’s not an exact science and can actually hinder the quality of the patina finish, naturally-weathered patinas are often preferred.\nIf you prefer the natural, shiny look of copper, special coatings are available to protect the metal from developing the patina look. There are also waxes and oils available that helps prevent water from contacting the surface of the copper, inhibiting the weathering process to take place. These coatings must be reapplied periodically to prevent weathering of the copper.\nSeveral copper roofing manufacturers are producing chemically-treated copper roofing products that come straight from the factory with a patina finish. Because these pre-patinated roofing systems are relatively new to the industry,real-worldd longevity, and quality testing is limited. At this point, natural weathering is the best option—you just have to be patient!\nHiring a qualified and experienced copper roofing contractor isn’t always easy considering it’s such a skilled trade. Hometown Roofing makes it easier by prescreening each and every roofing contractor so you can find a licensed and insured roofer that specializes in metal, and specifically copper, roofing.\nRead our verified customer reviews of local roofing contractors to better help you decide on a quality contractor with a good standing in the community. You can also learn more about metal roofing by visiting our Metal Roofing FAQ page. A quality installation is the key to ensuring your copper roofing project withstands the test of time, so choosing the right roofing company is a top priority.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://o2sensorreplacement.com/what-is-an-o2-sensor-a-comprehensive-guide/", "date": "2024-02-29T05:09:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474784.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229035411-20240229065411-00528.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.932563304901123, "token_count": 2837, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__128790901", "lang": "en", "text": "Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the unsung hero of your vehicle’s emission system: the Oxygen (O2) sensor. This essential component may not be as widely talked about as the engine or transmission, but it plays a pivotal role in your car’s performance and environmental footprint. In the following sections, we’ll delve into the nitty-gritty of what an O2 sensor is, unravel the complexities of how it functions, and explain why it’s a crucial element for your car’s well-being. From recognizing the tell-tale signs that hint at a faulty O2 sensor to guiding you through the steps of replacing it, this post is designed to enlighten both car enthusiasts and everyday drivers. So buckle up as we embark on this journey to better understand the O2 sensor and ensure that your vehicle continues to run smoothly and efficiently.\nWhat is an O2 sensor?\nAn O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor or lambda sensor, is a critical component in the exhaust system of modern vehicles. Its primary role is to monitor the level of oxygen within the exhaust gases that are released from the engine. By doing so, it provides essential data to the vehicle’s Engine Control Unit (ECU), allowing it to adjust the air-fuel mixture for optimal combustion and efficiency.\nThe importance of an O2 sensor extends beyond mere fuel efficiency; it also plays a pivotal role in reducing harmful emissions. By ensuring that the fuel is burned properly within the engine, the sensor helps to minimize the release of noxious gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into the environment. Thus, it is not only a guardian of the vehicle’s health but also a proponent of environmental conservation.\nWithout a properly functioning O2 sensor, vehicles may experience a range of issues, including impaired performance, increased fuel consumption, and elevated emissions levels. This sensor has become a mainstay in emission control systems, particularly with the advent of stricter environmental regulations. Therefore, ensuring that the O2 sensor is in good working condition is vital to vehicle maintenance and operational integrity.\nTo grasp the significance of an O2 sensor in your vehicle, one must also understand its integration within the complex network of automotive systems. It’s not just about measuring oxygen levels; it’s about enabling real-time adjustments and achieving a balance that satisfies both power demands and environmental considerations. Through its constant vigilance, the O2 sensor embraces the role of a sentinel, tasked with the vital mission of optimizing vehicle performance while curtailing its ecological footprint.\nHow does an O2 sensor work?\nAn O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor, plays a pivotal role in ensuring that your vehicle’s engine runs efficiently and complies with emissions regulations. Located in the exhaust system, it is responsible for measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases as they exit the engine. Understanding how an O2 sensor works is essential for diagnosing issues that might affect the engine’s performance or the environment.\nAt the core of the O2 sensor operation is a zirconia ceramic bulb, which is coated on both sides with a thin layer of platinum. When heated to a certain temperature, this ceramic bulb enables the O2 sensor to generate a voltage based on the oxygen level differences in the exhaust and the outside air. This voltage signal is sent to the vehicle’s engine control unit (ECU), which interprets the signal and adjusts the air-to-fuel ratio entering the combustion chambers, aiming for what is known as the stoichiometric ratio (the ideal mix for complete combustion).\nDuring the combustion process, if the air-to-fuel mixture is perfectly balanced, the O2 sensor will detect an optimum level of oxygen in the exhaust and produce a voltage around 0.45 volts. Should the mixture become too rich, meaning more fuel than necessary, the sensor’s output will drop below this threshold as oxygen content decreases. Conversely, a lean mixture, with too much air, increases the oxygen content and the voltage signal correspondingly. The ECU uses these fluctuations to constantly fine-tune the engine’s operation, often multiple times per second.\nLastly, it is vital for the O2 sensor to reach an adequate operating temperature, typically between 300 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit, to function correctly. Many modern sensors are equipped with an internal heater that helps reach this temperature quickly, which is particularly important during cold starts, ensuring that the engine’s emissions and performance are optimized from the moment you turn the key. Understanding the nuances of how an O2 sensor works aids in recognizing when this component may be failing and requires attention.\nWhy is an O2 sensor important for your vehicle?\nThe O2 sensor, formally known as the oxygen sensor, is a critical component in modern vehicles, playing an essential role in the engine’s emission control system. By accurately measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, the O2 sensor allows the engine’s control unit to adjust the air-fuel mixture to the optimum level, ensuring that the engine runs efficiently. This balance is vital not only for performance but also for the environment, as it helps to reduce harmful exhaust emissions.\nA well-functioning O2 sensor can significantly improve your vehicle’s fuel efficiency. When oxygen levels in the exhaust are properly monitored and the combustion process is optimized, it prevents the engine from running too rich (excess fuel) or too lean (insufficient fuel). This precise control enables maximum fuel economy, saving you money at the pump and ensuring you get the most out of each gallon of gasoline you purchase. In this context, the sensor is an investment not only in your vehicle’s health but also in the cost-effectiveness of its operation.\nAside from economic considerations, the importance of an operational O2 sensor extends to environmental compliance. Vehicles are subjected to various emissions tests, and without a properly functioning sensor, your vehicle may release pollutants that exceed the legal limits imposed by environmental regulations. This could lead not only to fines but also to the vehicle failing mandatory inspections. Keeping the O2 sensor in good working condition is therefore also a matter of legal responsibility and contributes to the effort to reduce the automotive carbon footprint.\nIn the event of a faulty O2 sensor, a vehicle may experience a suite of issues—ranging from suboptimal performance, such as rough idling and misfiring, to critical problems that could lead to costly repairs if unaddressed. By ensuring that the O2 sensor is functioning correctly, you protect the engine from potential damage and prevent added stress on other components, such as the catalytic converter, which can be expensive to replace. In essence, the O2 sensor is a guardian of your vehicle’s health and longevity.\nCommon signs of a faulty O2 sensor\nWhen your vehicle’s O2 sensor, also known as the oxygen sensor, starts to fail, it can cause various issues that affect your car’s performance and efficiency. One of the first signs of a faulty sensor is often a significant decrease in fuel economy. This occurs because the O2 sensor is responsible for calculating the correct air-to-fuel ratio, and when it malfunctions, your vehicle may burn more fuel than necessary, leading to wasted gas and more frequent trips to the fuel station.\nAnother common symptom is the dreaded check engine light. In many cases, when an O2 sensor is not working properly, it will trigger the check engine light on the dashboard. This is because the sensor’s readings are outside of the expected range, and the vehicle’s computer triggers a fault code that illuminates the warning light. However, since many other issues can also cause the check engine light to turn on, it is important to have your vehicle scanned for diagnostic trouble codes to confirm if the O2 sensor is the culprit.\nA failing O2 sensor can also lead to rough idling or a rough running engine. This is due to incorrect air-to-fuel mixtures resulting from the inaccurate sensor data, which can cause the engine to hesitate or stumble during operation. The result of this can be felt as a general lack of power or performance, as the vehicle struggles to maintain a smooth operation, especially noticeable when accelerating from a stop or during driving at consistent speeds.\nLastly, if your vehicle begins emitting black smoke from the exhaust or has a stronger than usual sulfur or rotten egg smell, a defective O2 sensor may be at fault. This happens when the fuel mixture is too rich (meaning there’s too much fuel and not enough oxygen), leading to incomplete combustion and the production of excessive unburnt fuel and sulfur contaminants in the exhaust gases. It’s important to address these signs promptly as a malfunctioning O2 sensor not only affects performance and efficiency but can also cause damage to other components, such as the catalytic converter, leading to more costly repairs.\nHow to replace an O2 sensor in your car\nReplacing the O2 sensor in your car is a critical maintenance task that ensures optimal engine performance and efficiency. The O2 sensor, also known as the oxygen sensor, plays a vital role in regulating the air-to-fuel ratio in your vehicle’s engine. While it may seem like a daunting task, with the right tools and a bit of patience, you can successfully replace the O2 sensor and keep your vehicle running smoothly.\nBefore attempting to replace the O2 sensor, you must first locate it. Typically, the sensor is found in the exhaust system, either before (upstream) or after (downstream) the catalytic converter. Ensuring you have ample space to work, safely elevate and support your vehicle using jack stands if necessary. Moreover, when handling the sensor, be mindful that the exhaust system could be extremely hot if you have driven the car recently.\nOnce you have located and allowed the O2 sensor to cool down, disconnect the sensor’s electrical connector. Employing an O2 sensor socket or a suitable wrench, carefully unscrew the old sensor. Often, it may require extra effort due to corrosion or threading challenges. Exercise caution and patience to avoid damage to the exhaust threads. Upon removal of the old sensor, compare it with the new one to ensure the correct type has been purchased, particularly in terms of the connector design and thread size.\nInstallation of the new O2 sensor is essentially the reverse of the removal process. Apply anti-seize compound to the threads of the new sensor if it is not pre-applied, but avoid getting any on the sensor element itself. Screw the new sensor into place and tighten it to the manufacturer’s specified torque, reconnect the electrical connector, and start your car to check for any error codes related to the O2 sensor. If all is well, you have successfully replaced the O2 sensor, which should lead to improved vehicle performance and potentially better fuel economy.\nFrequently Asked Questions\nWhat exactly is an O2 sensor as described in your guide?\nAn O2 sensor, also known as an oxygen sensor, is a device located in the exhaust system of a vehicle that monitors the oxygen levels in the exhaust gases. It provides real-time data to the vehicle’s computer, which then adjusts the fuel-air mixture to ensure optimal performance and emissions control.\nCan you elaborate on how an O2 sensor functions according to your article?\nThe O2 sensor works by producing a voltage once it heats up to a certain temperature. This voltage is directly proportional to the amount of oxygen present in the exhaust compared to the ambient air. The vehicle’s computer uses this voltage to determine if the fuel mixture is rich (less oxygen) or lean (more oxygen) and adjusts the fuel injection accordingly for efficient combustion.\nWhy is maintaining a properly functioning O2 sensor crucial for a vehicle?\nMaintaining a properly functioning O2 sensor is critical for several reasons. It ensures that the engine runs at peak efficiency, reduces harmful emissions, and can prevent premature engine wear or failure. A faulty sensor can lead to decreased fuel economy, increased emissions, and potential damage to other components, such as the catalytic converter.\nWhat are some common indicators of a malfunctioning O2 sensor that drivers should be aware of?\nCommon signs of a faulty O2 sensor include a check engine light, poor gas mileage, rough engine idle, a decrease in power or acceleration, and sometimes even a rotten egg smell from the exhaust, which indicates a fuel mixture that’s too rich.\nIf a reader’s car requires an O2 sensor replacement, can they find a step-by-step guide in your article?\nWhile the article provides an overview of the importance of the O2 sensor, it does not include a complete step-by-step guide for replacing one. It’s generally recommended that a professional mechanic handle the replacement due to the technical nature of the task and the need for proper diagnostic equipment.\nHow long can car owners expect their O2 sensors to last before they need a replacement?\nO2 sensors typically have a lifespan of about 60,000 to 100,000 miles; however, this can vary based on driving conditions, vehicle maintenance, and the quality of the sensor itself. It’s a good practice to check the vehicle’s manual for the manufacturer’s recommended replacement intervals.\nCan problems with an O2 sensor impact the vehicle’s emissions testing outcomes?\nYes, issues with an O2 sensor can significantly affect emissions testing, often causing a vehicle to fail the test. The sensor plays a key role in controlling the emissions, and if it’s not functioning correctly, the vehicle can release excessive amounts of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://hempseedbodycare.com/product/waterslide/", "date": "2020-02-17T12:49:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875142323.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217115308-20200217145308-00541.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7270215153694153, "token_count": 155, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__108339309", "lang": "en", "text": "Even though it’s water-based, there’s no sticky, goopy mess like other water-based personal moisturizers. That’s because there is no glycerin in it. WaterSlide rejuvenates itself when it comes into contact with moisture, whether it be your own lubrication or saliva, so you don’t need to reapply it.\nWater slide is free of: Petroleum, Parabens, Phthalates, and Glycerin.\nWater, Propanediol, Chondrus Crispus (Carrageenan), Citric Acid\nNot Tested on Animals\nNo THC/Drug Free\nMade in the USA\nFree of Artificial Dyes\nFree of Propylene Glycol", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://arbor.bio/founders/david-walt", "date": "2019-11-12T04:24:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664567.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112024224-20191112052224-00293.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9421077370643616, "token_count": 255, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__117397282", "lang": "en", "text": "David is Professor in the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, and is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. David is the Scientific Founder of Illumina Inc. and Quanterix Corp and has co-founded several other life sciences startups.\nDavid has published over 300 peer-reviewed papers and has over 75 issued US patents. He has received numerous national and international awards and honors for his fundamental and applied work in the field of optical microwell arrays and single molecules including the American Chemical Society Kathryn C. Hach Award for Entrepreneurial Success, Ralph Adams Award in Bioanalytical Chemistry, the American Chemical Society Gustavus John Esselen Award, Analytical Chemistry Spectrochemical Analysis Award, the Pittsburgh Analytical Chemistry Award, and the ACS National Award for Creative Invention. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, and a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors. He received a BS in Chemistry from the University of Michigan and a PhD in Chemical Biology from SUNY at Stony Brook, and did postdoctoral studies at MIT.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.hotpaella.com/Departments/Spanish-Food/Vinegar.aspx", "date": "2017-04-30T12:53:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125532.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00342-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9778622388839722, "token_count": 151, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__97120738", "lang": "en", "text": "Aged sherry and Rioja wine vinegars\nFor as long as wine has been made in Jerez, vinegar has been a by-product. In a sherry Bodega vinegar was seen as a failure, especially if too many of the butts turned. However from about the 1950s things started to change. Sherry vinegar is now even protected and is one of only three vinegars in the word with Denomination of Origin.\nWith advances in science sherry vinegar is no longer a mysterious and spontaneous occurrence and now the best vinegars are deliberately made, often by topping up butts already containing vinegar with sherry. The alcohol quietly converts into acid, which can take months, even years, in the cool bodegas.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://aussiebattery.com/cr1620-battery-equivalents-and-specifications/", "date": "2024-04-24T21:50:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00473.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9248861074447632, "token_count": 1513, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__127717398", "lang": "en", "text": "CR1620 Battery Equivalents and Specifications Guide\nA CR1620 lithium non-rechargeable button battery is commonly found in car keys, watches, remote controls, toys, micro-LED flashlights, CMOS and motherboard batteries, and similar items. Most major battery brands manufacture the CR1620 battery, so finding a replacement should not be a challenge.\nThere is, however, some confusion among users due to the different labeling used by manufacturers. Read below for full equivalent CR1620 batteries.\nSpecifications and features of CR1620 batteries\nCR1620 batteries are small and easy to carry around. These button/coin cells feature physical dimensions of (DxH) 16mm x 2mm (~0.62992 inches), hold a nominal voltage at 3 volts, but cutoff drops down to only 2 before dying out completely with no services left for your device–unless you can find another CR-series battery!\nThe CR1620 battery is typically discharged at a rate of 0.1 mA, with a maximum discharge rate of 1.0 mA – these values vary slightly between manufacturers. As a result of higher discharge rates, however, the battery’s actual capacity decreases.\nThere are various types of CR1620 manganese-dioxide lithium batteries, varying in self-discharge rate from 1-2% per year to 1% or less depending on the model, making these batteries suitable as a memory battery in various devices. Increasing the battery temperature, however, increases the self-discharge rate.\nBatteries with the dimensions 16 x 2 mm and CR1620 (IEC standard) are commonly known as CR1620 and 5009L, while other labels exist as well, such as ECR1620, DL1620, VCR1620, etc. Even so, most manufacturers apply CR1620 labels as well.\nCR1620 Battery Specifications\n|Coin Manganese Dioxide Lithium Batteries\n|Standard Discharge Current\n|Operating Temperature Range\n|-30℃ to 70℃\nThe benefits of LITHIUM COIN CR1620\n- Mercury is not added\n- Three-voltage power supply\n- Temperature range (-30°C to +60°C):\n- It has a very low self-discharge rate and up to a 10 year shelf life\n- We offer a full range of products for a wide variety of uses\nPower supply that is ultra-compact:\nLithium batteries are the future. Why replace something that is still working properly when you can just upgrade with one of these babies? They’re tiny, powerful and very convenient!\nThe LITHIUM COIN CR1620 has proven to be a reliable alternative for appliances in which conventional batteries aren’t suitable. They can be used for calculators, digital watches, laser pens, car keys, fitness appliances, memory backups, and medical devices such as clinical thermometers and tensiometers.\nSelf-discharge is extremely low:\nPanasonic lithium coin CR1620 batteries hold 90% of their original charge even after 10 years because they are chemically very stable. Lithium and manganese dioxide are responsible for the chemical stability. All operating temperatures were verified in low-load discharge conditions for long-term discharge.\nHigh reliability and safety:\nPanasonic has repeatedly tested the performance and safety of its Lithium Coin CR1620. Temperature and other environmental factors were also taken into consideration. In addition to short-term accelerated tests, our battery performance has been corroborated by an abundance of long-term accelerated tests. What was the result? For their high level of safety and reliability, Panasonic batteries have been approved under the UL safety standards in the United States.\nBatteries: BR1620 versus LiR1620 versus ML1620 versus CR1620\nIt is very uncommon to find BR1620, LiR1620, or ML1620 batteries in everyday life.It features a slightly higher capacity and lower drain current than the CR1620, but also has a significantly lower discharge rate and a wider temperature range than the BR1620 battery. Battery BR1620’s nominal voltage is between 2.8 and 3.0 volts, and the cutoff voltage is between 2.25 and 2.0 volts, depending on the exact chemistry.\nLiR1620 batteries are rechargeable lithium batteries that have a lower capacity than CR1620 batteries, but they can be recharged multiple times. The LiR1620 battery’s nominal voltage ranges from 3.6-3.7 volts, and some devices designed for CR1620 batteries may not support the use of the LiR1620 battery. Approximately 5% of the LiR1620 battery’s capacity is lost each month due to self-discharge.\nThere is a rechargeable lithium manganese dioxide battery, called the ML1620, which has a 3.0 volt nominal voltage. It can be used rather than the CR1620. However, since the battery has a lower capacity and a higher self-discharge rate, it is rarely used.\nA CR1620 battery is the best choice if you are looking for a coin battery that measures 16.0 x 2.0 mm.\nCR1616 vs CR1620\nIt has the same diameter of 16.0 mm, but it differs in height, as well as they have different drain currents and other features: The CR1616 and CR1620 are both non-rechargeable manganese-oxide lithium batteries:\n- Battery: CR1616, 16.0 x 1.6 mm, 50-55 mAh,\n- Battery type CR1620: 16.0 x 2.0 mm, 65-80 mAh.\nDespite the fact that most battery compartments that can accept CR1620 batteries are also capable of accepting CR1616 batteries, CR1616 batteries are not recommended since they have a lower capacity and have more small drain/pulse current limitations that might result in malfunctions.\nIssues with CR1620:\nIn the same way as other small, shiny objects (including other button/coin cell batteries), CR1620 batteries can be swallowed by children and pets. That’s why these batteries are packaged in ‘pet-safe’ and ‘kid-safe’ packages.\nWhile CR1620 batteries do not contain mercury, cadmium, lead, or any other toxic heavy metals or pollutants, swallowing them can harm internal organs and cause chemical burns.\nContact your nearest emergency center (or doctor) immediately after swallowing a CR1620 battery (or any battery that is similar). Explain what happened and follow their instructions.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://tacomaweekly.com/daily-mash-up/initial-test-of-tacoma-well-showed-high-level-of-contamination-limited-number-of-people-exposed/", "date": "2020-02-23T01:47:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145742.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223001555-20200223031555-00543.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9753136038780212, "token_count": 400, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__90789072", "lang": "en", "text": "Tacoma Water, in response to national and regional concerns, recently conducted voluntary testing for man-made chemicals, known as PFAS, at individual wells in its water system. A first test at Well 10C showed PFAS levels that exceeded the EPA Health Advisory Level of 70 parts per trillion; a second test at that well showed levels that were below the EPA Health Advisory Level.\nThe only people who may have received water with potentially elevated PFAS levels were those who went to the well at 7440 S. Cedar St. in Tacoma and filled their own containers. The closed well served as a source of unfluoridated water. Prior to the well’s closure, water from that well had been available to anyone at no cost via a spigot on the well building. Meter history indicates about 100 gallons of water per day were collected from that well. While there is no legal requirement to provide unfluoridated water, Tacoma Water provides an alternative location for unfluoridated water at 1614 99th St. E in the Midland area. Testing on that well showed PFAS levels far below the EPA Health Advisory Level.\nBased on the results of the first test, Tacoma Water is notifying customers and have closed the well for additional testing and maintenance.\nNo PFAS were detected in water from the Green River, which serves all Tacoma Water customers with the vast majority of their drinking water. Test results since 2015, when PFAS testing began, indicate that Tacoma Water customers have only received water with PFAS levels significantly below the federal standard of 70 parts per trillion at their homes and businesses.\nTacoma Water notified and is working with the Washington State Department of Health and Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department to share information with the public about the higher PFAS level at Well 10C.\nPeople with questions about water quality can email WaterQuality@cityoftacoma.org or call our Water Quality team at 253-502-8207.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://anti-aging-4-u.com/2015/07/15/a-patients-guide-to-dental-implant-titanium-posts-and-the-osseointegration-process/", "date": "2020-02-25T12:20:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146066.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225110721-20200225140721-00300.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9585645794868469, "token_count": 622, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__92984533", "lang": "en", "text": "If you are considering replacing your missing teeth with dental implants, then it is important for you to understand why titanium is the metal of choice for dental implant anchor posts. Unlike other metals, titanium has a unique ability to allow bone cells to attach to it, in a process known as osseointegration. Titanium is also a very safe metal to use in the human body for a variety of different reasons discussed below.\nDental Titanium Basics\nNaturally occurring titanium is a very strong metal that is resistant to damage and is not rejected by the human body in the same way that other metals can be. Titanium is non-toxic to people and has been safely used for many years in artificial joints and orthopedic hardware. For these reasons, dental professionals use titanium and titanium alloys in a wide variety of dental applications, including the permanently installed anchor posts for dental implants.\nTitanium Alloy Basics\nIn order to produce a lower-cost workable material, titanium metal is often mixed with other metals in a process known as alloying. Titanium for dental use is often mixed with the metals vanadium and aluminum, both of which are also safe for use in the human body. The resulting titanium alloy is safe for your body and has a unique characteristic known as osseointegration.\nTitanium Alloys and the Osseointegration Process\nIn addition to their strength and non-toxic characteristics, titanium alloys are used in dentistry and medicine because of their ability to osseointegrate within bone cells. Osseointegration is a medical term that refers to the unique ability of bone cells to grow and attach to the foreign metal parts. Other dental-safe metals do not have this ability, so they are not preferable for use in dental implant posts. If other dental-safe metals were used for dental implant anchors, then they would not adhere as well as your jaw bone grows around them, and they would require replacement more frequently as they eventually wiggled their way loose.\nNow that you understand the process of osseointegration and why titanium metal is chosen to make dental implant anchor posts, you can feel secure that the metal used in your dental implant posts is safe and will last a long time after osseointegrating into your natural bone. If you have additional questions about dental implants, then you should contact a cosmetic dentist, like those at Ahwatukee Foothills Dental, for a consultation appointment.\nWhile it's true that aging and illness used to go in hand, today's medical advancements now mean we don't have to settle for that eventuality anymore. I'm already considering the aging process although I'm still middle aged because I intend to enjoy my later years with the best health possible. Living well and aging gracefully aren't just about maintaining your appearance, but also feeling as good as you can as you get older. I'm sharing what I discover in my personal quest with everyone here on this convenient website so we can all join together to cross into the golden years with our health intact.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://atchen.me/research/2019/04/28/thermo-xcalibur-inclusion-list.html", "date": "2023-03-27T20:30:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00198.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8631532192230225, "token_count": 2696, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__200488035", "lang": "en", "text": "Targeted DDA in XCalibur\nTable of Contents\n- Building the List\n- Running the Experiment\nRunning data-dependent acquisiton (DDA) mass spectrometry experiments in targeting mode is very powerful and desirable if you are trying to get around the bias towards more intense ions inherent in the data-dependent algorithm. For single cell proteomics methods (SCoPE-MS, mPOP) especially, where short methods and long injection times yield at most 10K MS/MS events per experiment, we may need targeting in order to analyze low-abundance pathways of interest.\nOf course SRM/PRM methods are more sensitive, but they’re more limited in the number of proteins analyzed – targeted DDA is a nice middle ground to get what we want and a lot of it too.\nMaxQuant.Live (link to manuscript) is a great alternative to targeted DDA in Xcalibur, but it does require some extra set-up and tuning. Targeting in Xcalibur is less powerful, but may be more convenient for some users.\nConventional DDA performs a survey scan (MS1 scan) on all ions passing through our MS, and then selects the N most intense ions (“Top N”) to analyze sequentially. It only will select an ion if it is not on an exclusion list and if it passes the AGC Min threshold. The algorithm will then accumulate the ion in an ion trap until either 1) the accumulation time hits the maximum injection time (IT) or 2) the number of ions hits the AGC Max threshold. Only then will the collected ions be released into the mass analyzer.\nWhen we put DDA into targeting mode, we give it a list of ions to look at. Instead of picking the N most intense ions after a survey scan, it will pick the N most intense ions that are also on the provided list of ions. These ions still have to pass the AGC Min threshold and the accumulation procedure is the same for non-targeted DDA.\nBuilding the List\nGetting the Data\nIn order to tell the instrument to target ions, we must first identify them. You can build a targeting list from previous runs, but if these previous runs were run on conventional non-targeted DDA methods then we will be passing the instrument a list of the most abundant ions – defeating the purpose of running targeted DDA in the first place.\nWe want to analyze and sequence as many ions as we can, especially low-abundnce peptides that would normally be ignored by Top N DDA. We also want to match LC-MS/MS conditions as best as possible to the eventual targeted run, so fractionating or running a super-long gradient is not optimal.\nTo achieve this, we can:\n1) Run the sample of interest a few times back-to-back, but before each run add the IDs from the previous run to an exclusion list. While the first run will select only the most abundant ions, each successive run will select less and less abundant ions. Generating an exclusion list is almost the same process as generating the inclusion list, which is explained below.\n2) Run a bulkier sample with instrument settings tuned to maximize IDs at the expense of quantification quality. For low-abundance TMT sets, for example, this could mean decreasing the max injection time and tuning the NCE to maximize identifications instead of to maximize the number of TMT reporter ions (normally: 33 NCE → 28 NCE)\nGenerating the List\nAll we have to provide the MS with for targeted DDA is 1) the target m/z, 2) the retention time window, and 3) the target ion’s charge. These are all fields that we can find from search results, such as from the evidence.txt output from a MaxQuant search. Reformatting your data is then as simple as a short script or copy/pasting columns in Excel.\nOur lab uses MaxQuant, but since many of our experiments are TMT-tagged, and since MaxQuant does not calculate masses and m/z correctly for TMT-labelled peptides, we have to calculate the mass on our own. I wrote a script to do this and a few other useful things, such as simple retention time alignment. You can find it here: https://gist.github.com/atc3/84c35bc900f746fa21a558e278efc67c\nRunning the Experiment\nIn XCalibur, open the Methods Editor and go to the tab for your mass spec. At the top of the MS method, click on “Global Lists”:\nFrom here you can specify inclusion and exclusion lists, among others. Click on “Inclusion List” to edit the method’s inclusion list.\nA dialog box should pop up with an excel-like editable table.\nIf you don’t want to enter in values manually, you can import a .csv (such as the one generated with my script linked above)\nTo turn inclusion on, simply set the “inclusion” parameter to on in the method properties sidebar.\nOne other important behavior is what the instrument should do when it can’t find anything on the inclusion list. Should it do nothing? Or go for other peaks anyways? To expose this option first switch into advanced user mode, in the method properties sidebar:\nThen at the bottom you can choose your desired behavior.\nThanks to Ed Emmott for help & knowledge.\nInclusion List Format\nDetails taken from a QE-Plus software manual and the XCalibur help pages.\nMass [m/z]: Enter the mass-to-charge-ratio of the inclusion mass into the field (with a maximum of five decimals). NOTICE: If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor.\nFormula [M]: Use this field to describe the structure of the active compound. In addition to chemical formulas, you can enter amino acid sequences (one letter code) and peptide sequences (if they are structural terminated by H2O). The different ways of definition are called formula types. You can either enter the formula directly or use the Mass Calculator. To display this editor, click the down arrow in this field.\nIf more than one formula type for your input is possible, the Method Editor chooses the type with the highest priority (chemical formula > peptides > amino acids). Peptide sequences are marked by the prefix “p:” (for example, p: MRFA with m/z = 524.26496), amino acids by the prefix “aa:” (for example, aa: MRFA with m/z = 506.25440). Enter a prefix directly with the formula to ensure that the right type is applied.\nPay attention to the following restrictions:\n• When you enter a valid formula, the Method Editor will set the default values for charge state (1) and Species (+H/-H). Then it will display an automatically calculated value in the Mass [m/z] field.\n• When you enter a formula that the Method Editor cannot interpret, the Mass [m/z] field will stay empty. When you save the method, the Method Editor will warn you that the method is not in the shape to be executed (due to the missing m/z value). When you reopen the method, the Method Editor will display exactly the formula that was entered.\n• When you enter a formula, The Method Editor requires a value for the charge state to calculate an m/z value. You can, however, save the method without specifying a charge state for the entry. When you save the method, the Method Editor will warn you that the method is not in the shape to be executed (due to the missing charge state). When you reopen the method, the Method Editor will display exactly the formula that was entered.\n• Entries of compounds with calculated m/z values outside the measurement specifications of the mass spectrometer (m/z=50–6000) can be saved in an instrument method. The instrument software, however, will ignore these entries when it executes the method.\n• When you change the m/z value that was calculated for the given set of formula, species and charge state, the Method Editor will clear the formula and species definition. The charge state will be preserved.\n• When you change the polarity for a set of calculated m/z, formula, species and charge state, the Method Editor will clear the Mass [m/z] field if the species definition is not valid for this polarity. You then need to change the species definition.\nSpecies: Use this text field to define adducts or modifications of the active compound that are expected to be formed. The default value is +H for positive polarity and –H for negative polarity. The Method Editor will then recalculate the value in the Mass [m/z] field, if possible.\nThe Species field can be used in two ways:\n• Click the down arrow to display a list of predefined adducts for each polarity:\n- +H, +Na, +K, +NH4 for positive polarity\n- -H, +Cl, +OH, +HCOO for negative polarity\n- an empty entry to express adducts (for example, radical cations) for both polarities.\nThe corresponding set will be displayed depending on the selected polarity.\nSelecting an adduct (A) will result in the strict behavior of applying one unit A to the compound and using “+H” or “-H” adduct depending on the charge state and active polarity.\n“+K” = [M + K+ + (z-1)H+]z+; for example, MRFA, +K, CS=2, positive pol. = [M + K++ H+]2+\nEnter the modifications of the compound by using squared brackets and at least M as representation of the basic compound (for example, [M + Na + K] or [2M + Na]). The predefined adducts can be entered, too. This definition is used without additional auto dependencies, like adding protons.\nNOTICE: If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, the Species field is automatically filled when you exit the editor.\nCS [z]: Use this spin box to enter the charge state of the ion to be fragmented. The valid range is 1–25. The required collision energy for fragmenting an ion depends on its charge state. The higher the charge state, the lower the required collision energy. If this field is left blank, any charge state will be accepted, even unassigned.\nNOTICE If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor.\nPolarity: Use this list box to toggle between positive ion and negative ion polarity. During a scan, the mass spectrometer uses only the inclusion masses with a polarity that matches the active ion mode.\nNOTICE If you use the Mass Calculator to edit the Formula field, this field is automatically updated when you exit the editor\nStart [min]: Enter the start of the time window (in minutes) that corresponds to the mass in this row. Alternatively, you can enter a time in seconds (by appending the letter s) or in hours (by appending the letter h). The software automatically converts your input into minutes.\nEnd [min]: Enter the end of the time window in minutes. Alternatively, you can enter a time in seconds (by appending the letter s) or in hours (by appending the letter h). The software automatically converts your input into minutes.\n(N)CE: Use the spin box to enter a potential gradient in the HCD cell used to fragment ions. The default collision energy is 35 eV. In the list box, specify whether absolute collision energy CE [eV] is used or normalized collision energy NCE is used. The valid range is 10 to 200 eV for CE or 10 to 200 for NCE. In the list, the software adds the prefix “ce:” to collision energy values (for example, ce:35).\nA high collision energy value results in more energy deposition (which generally leads to more fragmentation). A low collision energy value results in less energy deposition (which generally leads to less fragmentation).\nMSX ID: Enter the number of the multiplexed scan event in which the inclusion mass was analyzed.\nComment: Enter a comment for the inclusion mass into the field (for example, the compound name). This field is optional.\n← Back to home", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.epicbeautyboutique.com/products/reuzel-pliable-hold-fibre-pomade-holiday-set", "date": "2023-09-22T18:53:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00292.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7861445546150208, "token_count": 538, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__213980982", "lang": "en", "text": "Reuzel Fiber Pomade creates hours of textured definition with a firm but pliable hold and a low shine finish. This product works best on shorter, medium to thick hair and is particularly effective on medium to thicker hair types. Add Reuzel Fiber Pomade to your hair to create texture and increase volume for a bedhead, disheveled look.\nPLIABLE HOLD • NATURAL FINISH • WATER SOLUBLE\nTHE BREAK DOWN:\n- Water Based Formula\n- Strong Pliable Hold\n- Natural Finish\n- Controls Even The Curliest, Thickest, Most Unruly Hair Out There\n- Keeps Hair In Place And Looking Great All Day\n- Use More Product For Increased Hold\nTHE GET DOWN:\nRub a small amount evenly between your palms before working into the hair. Distribute evenly through aggressively towel dried or blow-dried hair and style as desired. Use more product for increased hold, style and texture. This water-soluble formula is easy to wash out of hair after a day’s use.\nLonger hair or shorter hair, this product is perfect for any hair type. Made for the gentleman or the female who is looking for a more malleable, movable product, offering texture and volume with a natural, low shine finish.\nREUZEL FIBER POMADE INGREDIENTS:\nWater (Aqua), Lanolin Wax, Maltodextrin/VP Copolymer, Cetearyl Alcohol, PEG-8 Beeswax, Ceteareth-25, Glycerin, Tribehenin, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Fragrance (Parfum), Tridecyl Trimellitate, Dipentaerythrityl Hexacaprylate/Hexacaprate, Neopentyl Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate, Tridecyl Stearate, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol, Sorbic Acid, Aminomethyl Propanol, Carbomer, Sodium Anisate, PEG-45m, Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Extract, Urtica Dioica (Nettle) Leaf Extract, Equisetum Arvense (Horsetail Root) Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Hydrolyzed Quinoa, Tocopherol Acetate, Benzyl Benzoate, Limonene", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.xzadl.com/en/product/191.html", "date": "2024-04-17T08:38:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817146.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417075330-20240417105330-00502.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8683960437774658, "token_count": 222, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__159930960", "lang": "en", "text": "In view of the complex and changeable chemical waste water, the collection tank adopts the grid allocation method to stabilize the water quality and quantity.\nFor different types of chemical wastewater, targeted high-efficiency physical and chemical pretreatment is used to remove or reduce characteristic pollutants, decrease the impact of toxic substances on subsequent systems and improve the stability of the system.\nEfficient air flotation equipment is adopted to further remove suspended particles and colloidal pollutants.\nAdjustment of homogenization can further ensure the stability of wastewater and supplement the elements required by the biochemical system.\nThe inlet water distributor at the bottom of the high-efficiency anaerobic tower can evenly distribute water, and the reasonable rising velocity can effectively suspend the granular sludge and remove COD (chemical oxygen demand) from the wastewater.\nChemical waste water has high salt content, and salt-tolerant bacteria are added to the activated sludge in the aerobic tank to acclimate and improve the salt tolerance of the biochemical system.\nActivated sludge method combined with membrane treatment process can realize wastewater reuse.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.kalayaemuestate.com/catalog_i2229503.html?catId=114247", "date": "2013-05-23T12:51:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703317384/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112157-00067-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.907588005065918, "token_count": 552, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__15392387", "lang": "en", "text": "100% Natural Emu Products\n|Purple Emu - Derma 50 - .5 oz|\n[ enlarge ]\nDerma 50 is a unique wound and burn care cream is a sterile product that is safe for open wounds and burns as well as bedsores and diaper rash. Derma 50 is an all-natural formulation combined with the remarkable transdermal effects of emu oil that carries it deep into the skin's layers to speed healing. Derma 50 will not clog pores, reduces scarring, stimulates the skin's immune system, and works as a mild local anesthetic and an anti-inflammatory.\nUse Derma 50 two to three times daily to significantly hasten healing processes and enhance the quality of life for those with skin afflictions.\nTHE UNIQUE PROPERTIES OF EMU OIL (50%)\nPenetration enhanced for topical skin products\nRapid skin cell rejuvenation\nSignificant scar reduction\nDoes not clog pores\nStimulates skin immune system\nPromotes faster healing due to rapid absorption\nand OTHER NATURAL DERMA 50 INGREDIENTS\nZINC OXIDE has been used for many years in the treatment of literally hundreds of skin disorders. It contains a mild astringent and antiseptic action as well as an anti-fungal agent and is an effective preservative. Zinc is an essential mineral for healthy skin and Zinc oxide is made from zinc ore that is mined from the earth and purified for use in many skin treatments.\nSULPHUR is a very effective germicide and fungicide that is used for many skin disorders. Will also kill bacteria on or in the skin.\nTEA TREE OIL contains broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities, with perfect penetrating properties and low incidence of skin and irritation sensitivity.\nSALICYLIC ACID is derived from the bark of the American Aspen tree and acts as a transdermal agent through the tough layer of the skin.\nCAMPHOR produces a mild local anesthetic action.\nCHAMOMILE is a softening agent for the skin.\nMENTHOL a small amount is used to help relieve itching.\nALOE VERA is used for fast acting pain relief.\nEUCALYPTUS OIL is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and also stimulates skin metabolism.\nVITAMIN E is an excellent antioxidant.\nIngredients: Emu Oil, Water, Zinc Oxide, Tea Tree Oil, Salicylic Acid, Camphor, Camomile, Menthol, Aloe Vera, Eucalyptus and Vitamin E", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.pestfreeliving.ca/2017/06/24/ticks-causing-humans-to-become-allergic-to-meat/", "date": "2024-04-14T12:00:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414095752-20240414125752-00845.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9411284327507019, "token_count": 269, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__157688791", "lang": "en", "text": "This story published on JUNE 21, 2017 by National Geographic highlights the increased risk of Tick bites in summer months as we are likely to visit outdoor natural spaces.\nBite of a Lone Star Tick\nThis tick has a Texas-shaped marking on its back and when it bites and feeds off a cow or similar animal, it can ingest Alpha-Gal molecules in it’s blood meal.\nAnd when, next, it bites a human, it can transfer these Alpha-Gal molecules into human blood stream causing human immune system to start keeping watch against it by creating Alpha-Gal antibodies. It changes human immune system posture towards this substance, which is present in most mammal meat. The Alpha-Gal sugar molecule is also present in some medications that use gelatins as stabilizers.\nThe illness manifests when humans experience reaction to eating meat!\nThis reaction is delayed as there it takes time for the meat ingestion to digestion pathway. It could be several minutes to hours when patients begin to experience hives, shortness of breath, vomiting, and diarrhea. So it may take a few such episodes to occur before people realize what ails them.\nRepeated exposure to Tick bites can result in greater sensitivity.\nIf people are exposed to multiple bites, they may develop greater sensitivity to the ingestion of Alpha-Gal containing substances.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.igib.res.in/?q=Sarika", "date": "2017-04-29T21:31:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123590.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00489-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8832389712333679, "token_count": 175, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__22790595", "lang": "en", "text": "Structural Biology Of Membrane Proteins\nSarika Chaudhary focuses on elucidating the mechanisms of membrane protein functions by performing structural and biochemical investigations via X-ray crystallography.\nShe aims to elucidate the:\n- Molecular mechanism(s) of efflux pump transportation causing multi-drug resistance (MDR)\n- Molecular determinants for substrate specificity\n- Molecular mechanisms that govern targeting of membrane proteins to appropriate destinations, proper folding and insertion\nShe has a strong research emphasis on structural biology of membrane proteins. Her group focuses on the molecular and mechanistic characterization of transporters across the lipidic membrane, which present unique targets for pharmacological interventions. On a routine basis, structural, biochemical and biophysical investigations are carried out for the study of membrane proteins associated with several diseases, with a goal of developing novel therapeutics.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://dual-teq.com/portfolio-item/mineralwood/", "date": "2021-08-04T14:44:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00611.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9613913893699646, "token_count": 185, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__249470044", "lang": "en", "text": "Though the individual fibers conduct heat very well, when pressed into rolls and sheets, their ability to partition air makes them excellent insulators and sound absorbers. Though not immune to the effects of a sufficiently hot fire, the fire resistance of fiberglass, stone wool, and ceramic fibers makes them common building materials when passive fire protection is required, being used as spray fireproofing, in stud cavities in drywall assemblies and as packing materials in firestops.\nOther uses are in resin bonded panels, as filler in compounds for gaskets, in brake pads, in plastics in the automotive industry, as a filtering medium, and as a growth medium in hydroponics.\nMineral fibers are produced in the same way, without binder. The fiber as such is used as a raw material for its reinforcing purposes in various applications, such as friction materials, gaskets, plastics, and coatings.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.usmayors.org/the-conference/business-council/mayors-business-council-profile/?category=0014N00003Pu0ZDQAZ", "date": "2024-04-17T12:39:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817153.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417110701-20240417140701-00351.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9383020997047424, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__82945610", "lang": "en", "text": "American Chemistry CouncilDescription\nThe American Chemistry Council (ACC) represents more than 190 companies engaged in the business of chemistry - an innovative, economic growth engine that is helping to solve the biggest challenges facing our country and the world. Our members are the leading companies engaged in all aspects of the business of chemistry, from the largest corporations to the smallest, and everything in between. They are the people and companies creating the groundbreaking products that are improving the world all around us by making it healthier, safer, more sustainable and more productive.\nLearn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/about-acc", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://richloomcontract.com/care/", "date": "2021-11-28T09:25:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358480.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20211128073830-20211128103830-00225.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8613672852516174, "token_count": 516, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__93775375", "lang": "en", "text": "Cleaning Code \"W\" - refers to fabrics that are man-made, e.g. nylon, herculon, acetate, olefin, and polyester. Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning is recommended using the foam from a water-based cleaning agent (mild soap or upholstery cleaner).\nCleaning Code \"S\" - refers to fabrics made from organic material, e.g. cotton, rayon, linen, wool, and silk. Also include in this category: denim, velour, brocade, tapestry, damask, acrylic, and plaid. Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning is recommended using a mild, water-free solvent, or dry-cleaning product.\nCleaning Code\"W/S\" - Cleaning Instructions: Spot cleaning using either of the above.\nCleaning Code\"X\" - Cleaning Instructions: Fabrics should be cleaned only by vacuuming or light brushing. Water or solvent-based cleaning agents should NOT be used.\nIf it is Fortress Indoor/Outdoor Performance Fabric...\nFor Normal Stains:\nRemove any loose dirt. Prepare a mixture of cold to lukewarm water (do not exceed 100° F) and mild soap. Rub in mixture with a soft brush and allow the mixture to thoroughly soak into the fabric. Rinse well with water and air dry. Do not machine dry.\nFor Stubborn Stains:\nRemove as much surface dirt as possible. Soak fabric for 1 hour in a mixture of 1 gallon cold water, 1/2 cup bleach, and 1/2 cup mild soap. Rub in mixture with a soft brush and rinse thoroughly with cold to lukewarm water and air-dry. Never use water over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Do not machine dry. Detergents can be used on Fortress Performance Indoor/Outdoor without harm; it may however remove some of the water and stain resistant properties. If this is important to you, a simple spraying of a post cure fluorocarbon will restore these properties. Please follow the instructions on the package. These sprays can be obtained through a dry cleaning supply store or stores that sell marine related products.\nFor more information on cleaning, please contact your sales representative\nPasses Cold Crack\nSoft & Comfortable\nU/V Fade Resistant\nWater & Stain Resistant", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.wellnesscentercasanova.it/en/spa/spa-light", "date": "2023-12-05T08:08:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100550.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205073336-20231205103336-00571.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8992339372634888, "token_count": 234, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__246174853", "lang": "en", "text": "Live the unique experience of Water Circuit, hydrotherapy circuit in salt water with natural micro-components. The trace elements dissolved are: chlorine, sodium, and sulfate. The osmotic effect determined by the saline solution on the skin eliminates toxins from subcutaneous tissue, allowing for better oxygenation.\nFurthermore, the presence of potassium chloride has a slight diuretic effect, therefore, promoting the elimination of excess fluid, with a consequent decrease in swelling of the lower limbs. Tissue affected by microcirculation problems, as occurs with cellulite, leads to considerable benefits. The water temperature positively influences cellular exchanges and chemical reactions, especially the lysis of adipose tissue. Skin becomes smoother and softer to the touch, due to the osmotic effect of the salt.\nThe circuit includes:\n- Large pool of Sodium Chloride water at 32°C./34°C. with 18 air-water jets, Geysers, Falls, and Whirlpool.\n- Whirlpool bath at 34°C. with water jets and Watsu\n- Finnish Sauna at 80°C.\n- Foot Spa Circuit", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.futtermedicus.com/good-to-know/support-for-joint-problems", "date": "2023-12-01T07:16:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100276.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201053039-20231201083039-00860.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9008198976516724, "token_count": 458, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__132200328", "lang": "en", "text": "What can we do when the joy of movement is limited, for example in old age, because walking and standing up is no longer possible without pain?\nThere are various natural preparations that can be given to support joint function. However, there are no scientifically conclusive study results on this. You should therefore test such a supplement for 6-8 weeks.\nOmega-3 fatty acids:\nThe omega-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are essential for dogs. These fatty acids are involved in the formation of hormone-like substances which, among other things, play a role in the metabolism of inflammation. EPA and DHA are found in abundance in fish and omega-3 oils and in concentrated form in salmon oil capsules. Increased intake (2 to 3 times the requirement) is recommended to support joint function.\nGlycosaminoglycans, or GAGs for short, are linear acidic polysaccharides consisting of repeating binary sugars. Along with elastic fibres and collagen fibres, GAGs are important building blocks of articular cartilage. They are characterised by their ability to bind a large amount of water. The bound water forms a flexible and dynamic structure that allows the cartilage to react like a sponge and have a shock-absorbing effect.\nDepending on the composition of the sugar units, a distinction is made between four main groups:\n- Chondroitin sulphate -> important for cartilage function.\n- Hyaluronic acid -> main component of joint fluid\n- Keratan sulphate\n- Heparin/heparan sulphate\nChondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid are particularly important for joint function.\nNatural products such as green-lipped mussel extract or glucosamine contain plenty of GAGs and can therefore support your dog with joint problems.\nCollagen, which is contained in gelatine, can also have a regenerative effect on cartilage and is therefore used for arthrosis, overloading of joints and problems in the musculoskeletal system.\nimage credits: © Giel Bildwelten - Bild-Nr. 055574", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.canatu.com/products/", "date": "2013-05-20T04:27:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698289937/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095809-00037-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9058724641799927, "token_count": 337, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__191794834", "lang": "en", "text": "Custom films and sensors for flexible and formable touch devices\nLatest News at Canatu\nCanatu's products are based on a proprietary platform technology involving unique carbon nanomaterials and novel Roll-to-Roll production methods for their synthesis and patterned deposition.\nCanatu produces and sells custom films and sensors for flexible and formable touch screens, displays, and touch sensitive surfaces. Canatu's products address the following drivers in today’s electronics industry:\n- Differentiation via new design and functionality\n- Cost saving\n- Protecting the environment\nCanatu's products enable exciting touch features on flexible and 3D shaped devices with a simple device structure that results in thin form factor and clear costs benefits. Canatu helps replacing the currently widely used transparent conductive material Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) which contains the toxic and increasingly scarce rare earth metal, indium.\nCanatu sells its touch sensors directly to touch module vendors and display manufacturers for on-cell integration. The touch sensor typically consists of a plastic substrate (e.g. PET) with one or more patterned Carbon NanoBud® transparent conductor layers and auxiliary film layers such as patterned metallic conductor traces. Touch modules with cover glass, mechanics, controller IC, and electronics on the flexible circuit board are manufactured and sold by Canatu's touch module customers. Canatu's sensors are typically designed to meet custom specifications by Original Equipment Manufacturers and Canatu's direct customers.\nToday, Canatu's sensors are produced on flexible plastic substrate such as PET. These sensors are delivered in sheet or roll form. Canatu is currently developing processes for producing sensors on glass substrates.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://airedaleyarns.co.uk/index.php/kits/hot-water-complete-dye-kit-for-animal-yarns-gift-bag-soft-british-wool-roving-yarn.html", "date": "2020-07-14T15:20:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897168.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714145953-20200714175953-00237.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8712003231048584, "token_count": 404, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__236010580", "lang": "en", "text": "WHAT IS IT?\nThis Acid Starter Dye Kit includes everything to get you started on the exciting journey that is dyeing. Acid Milling dyes are hot water dyes and are just what you need to dye animal or protein based yarns, fibres, fabrics and even feathers.\nThe kit contains full instructions, 25g each of 6 full intermixable Easifix All in One acid milling dyes, shade creator, pipettes, disposable gloves and 200g of pure wool so you can start straightaway.\nPresented in a cute rustic jute bag to create a lovely gift for a budding beginner dyer.\nWHAT'S IT FOR?\nDye an incredible 1kg – 5kg of yarn or fabric depending on the strength of colour you require.\nMix the dyes to create a complete rainbow of shades and dye solid colours or play around with space-dyeing to make your own totally unique colour combinations.\nHot water dyes such as Acid Milling dyes are for dyeing protein fibres which originate from animals, so use on wool, silk, mohair, alpaca, cashmere, angora, fur, feathers and even nylon.\nThe yarn in this kit is a pure British wool pencil roving style yarn which is lovely and soft, but treat it gently so it doesn’t felt when you are stirring. As it's super chunky it's perfect for quick and easy hats, scarves and cowls.\nWHY SHOULD I BUY IT?\nRather than shop bought colours mix your own unique colour palette for one-off combinations.\n|Search Key||Acid Dye Kit|\n|Main Fibre Content||Mixed Blend|\n|Skill Level||Beginner. Everything you need to get starting with dyeing.|\n|Other Requirements||A kitchen, hob and pans, lots of space and time!|\n|Washing Instructions||Gentle Hand Wash|", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.planetnails.com.au/15ml-cupcake-lastik-one-coat-colour-soak-off-uv-le", "date": "2024-02-26T11:10:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474659.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226094435-20240226124435-00376.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.867850661277771, "token_count": 338, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__5699248", "lang": "en", "text": "15ml - CUPCAKE LASTIK - One Coat Colour - Soak Off UV/Led Gel\n15ml CUPCAKE Lastik One Coat Colour Gel\nLastik One Coat Colour is a highly pigmented coloured flexible rubber base gel. This product is best applied in thin coats.\n*Provides intense one coat colour that never lifts, chips or peels.\n*Provides intense durability with great adhesion.\n*Can be used under ACRYLIC/HARD GEL/ICONIC as a base coat for clients struggling with lifting\n*Cures with a tacky layer\n*Dual Cure formula: LED (90sec), UV (3min)\nCan be used as a coloured rubber base coat under nail enhancements, as a strengthening colour coat over enhancements, or can be applied in thin coats for a long-lasting gel polish manicure.\nFor best results we recommend curing for 90 sec in the PN Speciality Dual Cure lamp. Being a highly pigmented gel, you may find that it may need to be cured a little bit longer. The age/make of your lamp may affect cure times. If you’re not using the PN Speciality Dual Cure Lamp, you may have to cure this product for up to 3mins per layer.\nThis is a coloured gel and not a gel polish- the viscosity is similar to gel. The viscosity of this product can be affected by ambient temperature- if it is cold the product will be thicker and if it is warm the product will be thinner. This product applies easier when it is warm as it needs to be applied in thin coats.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://backreaction.blogspot.com/2007/12/phase-diagram-of-water.html?m=1", "date": "2021-06-19T22:25:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487649731.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210619203250-20210619233250-00448.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9261986017227173, "token_count": 1339, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__34185852", "lang": "en", "text": "Matter comes in different forms, we learn at school: solid, liquid, and as gas. December days in Canada give us plenty of occasions to experience these different forms of matter - phases, as they are called in physics and chemistry - in the case of water: ice and snow, the both annoying and beautiful appearances of solid water, the liquid form in rain and fog, and if the Sun succeeds to disperse the fog, tiny water droplets have evaporated, and the water has been transformed into invisible gas.\nIce melts at a temperature of 0°C (or 273.15 Kelvin), and water boils at 100°C (or 373.15 Kelvin). However, to be precise, these melting and boiling temperatures are not fixed - they depend on the ambient pressure. On top of a mountain, say the Puy de Dôme, air pressure is lower than in the lowlands, and as consequence, water boils at temperatures below 100°C.\nTo get a better overview how the occurrence of the different phases of water - solid ice, liquid water, gaseous vapour - depends on temperature and pressure, it's a good idea to plot in a diagram the transition lines between the different phases as a function of these two parameters. Such a diagram is called a phase diagram. And a simplified version of the phase diagram of water looks like this:\nThe x-axis of the diagram shows the temperature T in units of Kelvin (K). Keep in mind that 0°C = 273.15 K and 100°C = 373.15 K - both temperatures are marked by the grey vertical lines. The y-axis shows the pressure p in units of Megapascal (MPa), where 0.1 MPa = 1000 hPa = 1000 mbar and the standard atmospheric pressure is 1013 mbar. Since pressure covers a huge range of values from the very small to the very large, a convenient way to represent this is the usage of a logarithmic scale. Thus, the phase diagram manages to represent pressure from 1/100.000 of ambient pressure to 1 million times ambient pressure. Ambient pressure is marked by the horizontal grey line.\nThe blue line in the diagram is the melting line - it separates ice from liquid water - and the light-blue line the boiling line, which divides liquid and gaseous water. The green line is the so-called sublimation line, across which ice transforms directly to the gaseous states, without the intermediate step of liquid water. All three lines meet at one point (marked by the black dot) which is called the triple point - at this value of temperature and pressure, all three forms of water can coexist. At sufficiently high pressure, water solidifies even at temperatures well above room temperature: these transitions to different sorts of ice (distinct by the respective crystal structures) are shown as the red and orange line. Trying to understand these different phases of ice is a topic still under investigation, both by experiment and by theory.\nOne feature of the diagram might seem strange at first sight: The boiling line separating liquid and gaseous water ends at one point. This is a very generic feature of all liquid matter: At high enough pressure, the distinction between liquid and gas gets lost - essentially, the difference in density between gas and liquid becomes zero, and the latent heat of condensation/evaporation vanishes. The end point of the boiling line, marked by the grey dot, is called the critical point. If temperature and pressure can be chosen such that the fluid is very close to the critical point, it will develop bubbles of gas containing small droplets of liquid containing small bubbles of gas... and as a result of bubbles and droplets of many different sizes, covering the range of wavelengths of visible light, the system becomes opaque. This quite spectacular effect is called critical opalescence.\nBut of course, we can also recover our mundane everyday experience with water in the diagram: If we increase temperature at constant ambient pressure, following the horizontal grey line, we cross the blue melting line at 0°C, and the light-blue boiling line at 100°C - that's the melting of ice and the boiling of water as we know it. And we see that if ambient pressure is reduced, for example during stormy weather or on top of a mountain, the crossing of the horizontal line and the boiling line shifts to lower temperature: Water will boil at temperatures below 100°C. At a height of 2000 m above sea level, for example, water boils at about 94°C - things to keep in mind if boiling an egg on a mountain.\nIf you look closely, you can note that the blue melting line is slightly inclined, meaning that with increasing pressure, the melting temperature drops slightly. This effect is often invoked as an explanation for the low friction of skates on ice: The pressure applied by the weight of the skater reduces the melting temperature of ice, causing a thin film of liquid water, on which the blade of the skate glides nearly without friction, or so goes the story. This, however, is not the whole truth: the small, pressure-induced reduction of the melting temperature is not sufficient to produce this effect. While it's correct that the reduction of friction is caused by a slippery film of water on the surface of the ice, this film is created by complicated mechanisms whose details are still under debate.\nSo, an elementary plot such as the phase diagram of water can still hide some surprises and riddles for us.\nPhase diagram data via www.chemicalogic.com. Source for the sublimation and melting lines: W. Wagner, A. Saul, A. Pruß: International Equations for the Pressure along the Melting and along the Sublimation Curve for Ordinary Water Substance, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, No 3 (1994) 515 (PDF file from NIST). Source for the saturation line: IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS-IF97).\nYou can find much more about the phase diagram of water - and about the properties of water in general - at Water Structure and Science by Martin Chaplin.\nThe physics behind the slickness of ice has been discussed by Robert Rosenberg in Why Is Ice Slippery?, Physics Today, December 2005, pages 50-55 (doi 10.1063/1.2169444, subscription required).\nThis post is part of our 2007 advent calendar A Plottl A Day.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://ethosonline.co/cannabis-vs-hemp/", "date": "2020-11-24T18:19:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141176922.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124170142-20201124200142-00318.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9669405817985535, "token_count": 543, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__97167927", "lang": "en", "text": "Different Plant Origins\nBoth hemp oil and medical cannabis oil come from a species of plant called cannabis sativa. Humans have farmed cannabis sativa for thousands of years1. Early civilizations selectively bred plants with certain traits, and, over time, this produced a number of distinct strains within the species.\nStrong, tall plants were grown to make food and textiles; today this strain is known as hemp. Flowering plants with psychoactive properties were grown for recreational and medical purposes; this strain is commonly referred to as medical cannabis, marijuana or simply cannabis.\nHemp oil is made from hemp plants which have a high fibre content and very low concentrations of pharmacologically active compounds (cannabinoids). Medical cannabis oil comes from cannabis plants with large, cannabinoid-containing flowers, but very little fibre2.\nSeeds vs. Flowers\nIn addition to being sourced from different strains of cannabis sativa, hemp oil and medical cannabis oil are made from different parts of the plant. Hemp oil comes from the seeds of the hemp plant, similarly to almond, flaxseed or sunflower oil, whereas medical cannabis oil is most commonly made from the flowering head of the cannabis plant. Medical cannabis oil can also be produced from cannabis leaves and stems, however the flowering head contains the highest concentration of cannabinoids2.\nIn most countries, growing hemp is restricted to plants with less than 0.2% THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound in cannabis4. Moreover, research has shown that the seeds from which hemp oil is produced contain no cannabinoids at all3. Therefore, hemp oil is not useful for medical purposes and does not cause psychoactive effects.\nHowever, hemp oil does have nutritional benefits. It is made up of more than 80% polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in hemp oil is considered optimal for health5.\nOn the other hand, medical cannabis oil contains high concentrations of pharmaceutically active cannabinoids. Cannabis plants contain approximately 400 chemical compounds, 60 of which are cannabinoids6. THC and CBD (cannabidiol) are the most abundant cannabinoids; the exact proportions present in the oil will depend on the variety of plant from which it was extracted.\nOne exception of note is CBD oil derived from hemp plants. This is generally produced in countries where growth of medical cannabis is restricted, but CBD is not legally controlled. As other parts of the hemp plant such as leaves and stems can contain small amounts of the non-psychoactive cannabinoid CBD (cannabidiol), these may be used to create a pharmaceutically active oil referred to as hemp oil or simply CBD oil.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://mydiagnostics.in/products/covid-19-antibody-gt-cmia-and-clia-from-thyrocare", "date": "2021-11-30T05:49:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358953.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130050047-20211130080047-00496.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9316437244415283, "token_count": 1087, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__194644351", "lang": "en", "text": "COVID-19 Antibody IgG & Total - CMIA and CLIA from Thyrocare\nSample Type: Blood (Home Collection)\nPrescription Required: No\nFasting Required: No\nReporting Time: 24 hours\nThyrocare COVID-19 Antibody Test is ICMR approved and accurate method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in your blood.\nTest contains -\n- COVID Antibody IgG - Using CMIA Method\n- COVID Antibody Total - Using CLIA Method\nCoronavirus antibody tests look for the presence antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 illness. Antibodies are produced by the body's immune system during COVID-19 and start to become detectable around 7 days after symptoms start and increase over time.\nCOVID-19 Antibody Test meaning\nCOVID-19 antibody test identifies if a person was covid positive in the past, and has developed antibodies against it. This antibody test is recommended for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients exposed to coronavirus positive or suspected cases.\nCMIA and CLIA test meaning\nChemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer (CLIA) and Chemiluminescent Magnetic Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) are highly sensitive serological testing techniques for coronavirus detection.\nWhat does positive result means\nA positive result means that IgG antibodies to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in your blood has been detected that it is highly likely that you have been infected with coronavirus in the past\nWhat does negative result means\nThis means that it is very unlikely that you have been infected with the virus in the past. However, you may get a negative result if you took the test too soon i.e. before antibodies have reached detectable levels.\n|Total Antibody||IgG Antibody||Interpretation|\nExposed & Antibody developed\nAntibody not yet developed, May or may not be exposed.\nRepeat after one month\nAntibody Levels over a period of infection\nPLEASE NOTE : This is not a confirmatory RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 to detect the presence of Virus\nFor Confirmatory test click here\n- Antibodies are made by our immune system in response to a threat, such as a specific virus or bacteria to help fight infections.\n- Antibodies develop after a few days or weeks in response to the infection, and an antibody test detects the presence of antibodies to the specific virus.\n- Covid-19 antibody test looks for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 illness.\n- The COVID 19 total antibody test will collect your blood sample at home to check for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies.\n- This test is approved by the ICMR Lab\n- Those individuals who think they may have had COVID-19.\n- Those who have been infected with the COVID-19 virus have developed specific antibodies to the COVID-19 virus which might provide protection from getting infected with the virus again.\n- To check whether your immune system has responded to coronavirus infection in the past.\n- No fasting is required\n- There should be no change in clinical practice or use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by responders who test positive for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody or as a precautionary measure.\n- No prescription is required.\nCan covid 19 testing be done at home?\nYes, the COVID-19 antibody test can be done at the convenience of your home.\nCan covid 19 testing be done through blood work?\nYes. Collection of blood samples for Covid Testing have produced accurate results and are considered to be an alternative to swab tests.\nDoes covid 19 testing detect antibodies ?\nYes. The antibody testing for COVID-19 shall detect the presence of antibodies in your blood. However, the results shall only convey if you had an infection in the past, and if you have the chances of being infected again.\nHow are covid 19 testing done?\nCovid 19 testing can be done by 3 ways :\nMolecular tests: Also known as Viral testing, they are conducted by nasal or throat swab or using saliva in very few cases. It is considered to be very highly accurate and detects the presence of coronavirus infection currently.\nAntigen Test: Known as Rapid Diagnostic Tests, conducted only by nasal or throat swab.\nThe test diagnoses active coronavirus infection. Positive results are very accurate, however, negative results have to be rechecked with molecular testing.\nAntibody Test: Also known as Serological Test, conducted by blood draw or finger prick. The test diagnoses if you had been infected with the coronavirus in the past.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://glassandaluminum.ca/faqs-commercial-glass-solutions/", "date": "2024-03-01T13:22:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00555.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9380425214767456, "token_count": 671, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__197089839", "lang": "en", "text": "As industry leaders in the commercial glass and aluminum sectors, we possess the knowledge, expertise, and innovative thinking required to meet your every need.\nHeat Strengthened Glass\nGlass can be strengthened through thermal tempering, where the glass is heated and then rapidly cooled to create compressive stress on the surface, or through chemical strengthening, where the glass is immersed in a molten salt bath and exchanged with larger ions to increase its strength.\nHeat-strengthened glass has improved fire resistance compared to annealed glass, but it is not as fire-resistant as fully tempered or laminated glass.\nOne way to identify tempered glass is to look for small, square-shaped marks called “temper spots” on the surface of the glass.\nTempered glass is very durable and can withstand significant impacts without breaking.\nThe purpose of insulating glass is to improve energy efficiency by reducing heat transfer through windows and helping to maintain a more consistent indoor temperature.\nThe life expectancy of insulating glass can vary depending on factors such as quality of materials and installation, but a well-maintained insulated glass unit can last 20 years or more.\nLow E Glass\nLow-E glass helps to reduce heat transfer and improve energy efficiency by reflecting heat back into the room during winter and blocking heat from entering during summer.\nLow-E grade glass refers to glass that has a low-emissivity coating applied to it, which helps to enhance its energy-saving properties.\nFire ratings for glass are determined based on the duration of time that the glass can withstand exposure to fire. The most common fire ratings for glass include 20 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. These ratings indicate the amount of time the glass can maintain its integrity and prevent the spread of fire.\nThe cost of fire-rated glass can vary depending on several factors, including the type of fire rating, size, thickness, and any additional features or customization. It is best to consult with suppliers or contractors to obtain accurate pricing information based on specific project requirements.\nMonolithic glass is a single pane of glass, while IGU (Insulated Glass Unit) consists of two or more panes of glass separated by a spacer.\nMonolithic glass can range in thickness from 2mm to 25mm or more, depending on the application.\nSpandrel glass is opaque and typically has a ceramic frit coating to conceal the building’s structural elements and building systems.\nSpandrel glass provides thermal insulation, sound insulation, and UV protection. It also adds aesthetic appeal to a building by creating a uniform appearance.\nThe lifespan of laminated glass can vary depending on various factors, but it is generally expected to last for at least 20-30 years.\nThe thickness of laminated glass can vary depending on the intended use, but it is generally recommended to use a minimum thickness of 6 mm for safety and security.\nPoint Supported Glass\nA point-supported glass system, also known as a spider glass system, is a type of curtain wall system that uses small stainless-steel fittings to hold glass panels in place.\nIt works through mechanical fasteners or fittings that directly connect the glass panels to the building’s structure, allowing load transfer and stability.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.genxsoft.info/technology/do-you-know-scientists-use-iron-to-turn-carbon-dioxide-into-jet-fuel/6118/", "date": "2022-05-28T23:11:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00088.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9455409049987793, "token_count": 265, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__159988460", "lang": "en", "text": "Carbon dioxide (CO2) is of course the same greenhouse gas flooding Earth’s atmosphere via the exhaust of jet engines and nearly anything else that burns fossil fuels. So, if this new chemical reaction can successfully turn CO2 into fuel for airplanes it could help reduce the carbon footprint of the aviation industry, which currently accounts for 12 percent of all global transportation carbon emissions.\nIt is noted that researchers have tried to turn CO2 into fuel in the past but that the chemical reactions that emerged from these efforts required rare and expensive catalysts such as cobalt. By contrast, the strength of this new technique is in large part due to its use of a relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain iron-based powder.\nThe iron catalyst allows the carbon atoms in the CO2 molecules to detach from oxygen and form bonds with the hydrogen atoms inside the reactor. These new hydrogen-carbon molecules, called hydrocarbons, are the same molecules that make up jet fuel. Meanwhile, most of the remaining oxygen atoms also hitch themselves to hydrogen atoms to become water.\nAccording to the researchers, their process could open the door to carbon-neutral air travel, because burning jet fuel made in this way would release the same amount of carbon dioxide used to manufacture the fuel.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://dev.ordergn.com/category/blog/", "date": "2019-10-15T23:45:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986660829.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015231925-20191016015425-00060.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9470160007476807, "token_count": 1401, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__83829153", "lang": "en", "text": "There is a heated debate regarding terminology and differences between cannabis oil extracts. Rick Simpson Oil (RSO), whole plant medicine, and Full Extract Cannabis Oil (FECO); what is the difference and how can you benefit from using one over the other?\nLet’s get one thing straight, FECO can always be RSO, but RSO is not always FECO. To understand this we need to first understand how RSO and FECO are made, what their applications are, and their key differences.\nWhat are full extract cannabis oils?\nTo keep it as simple as possible, FECO products are the concentrated compounds of the cannabis plant. The cannabis flower and sometimes the leaves are used to make the oil extracts to allow patients to receive the maximum benefits from the entire cannabis plant.\nHow is cannabis oil made?\nEach producer of cannabis oil has a different technique and extraction method. Depending on the extraction method, consistency in appearance and contents will vary. This is why the debate can get heated surrounding the names given to each cannabis oil.\nCannabis oil is made using a solvent to separate the plant matter from the cannabis or plant resin to create a hyper-concentration of cannabinoids. Depending on the solvent and strain used, and extraction method, you will produce a different product with varying degrees of cannabinoid and terpenoid potency.\nHow do cannabis oils work?\nBecause cannabis oils are made as a whole plant medicine they work naturally with the body’s endocannabinoid system. Cannabis oils work by saturating the endocannabinoid system with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, among others, to promote homeostasis in the body.\nCannabis oils, unlike other cannabis concentrates, are taken orally (usually from a syringe) which makes them more bioavailable. What does that mean? Bioavailability is important when medicating with cannabis because it determines how much of the medicinal matter is getting absorbed, entering circulation directly after being introduced into the body, and able to have an active effect.\nWhy is RSO different from FECO\nThe traditional method of extracting the cannabis oil from the plant matter, as outlined by Rick Simpson, strips the oil of all of its terpenes while FECO products keep all cannabinoid and terpenoid properties. This is primarily due to the solvent used during extraction. If you follow Rick Simpson’s at home extraction methods, which we do not recommend for safety reasons, you won’t be getting a FECO product. Instead, you could be getting a product that includes residue and traces of the solvents.\nWhy should you care that all of the plant’s qualities remain intact? Contrary to what Rick Simpson believes, terpenes play a big role in how the plant interacts with your biochemistry and aids in amplifying the cannabis plant’s therapeutic value. Terpenes not only give the cannabis the aroma’s we experience but depending on the concentration of certain terpenes, your cannabis will make you feel very differently.\nTerpenes: What Are They & Why We Love Them\nTerpenes are the essential oil compounds that exist in all plant matter, making them non-exclusive to cannabis, but they play a big part in how we use medical cannabis. In the cannabis plant, terpenes are produced in the same glands that produce THC and CBD and make up part of the flower’s sticky resin. They are what give plants their aromatic diversity and why certain strains have such unique scent profiles that we have come to identify with. Each terpenoid is also attributed to the effects we love in every cannabis strain.\nMore cannabis doctors and nurses are looking to terpene profiles to incorporate into what they recommend to their patients to alleviate ailments. Like cannabinoids (THC and CBD), terpenes bind to receptors in the brain and produce a variety of effects. However, when combined with other other compounds, terpene effects may change in their presence. We call this the entourage effect which makes medicine more effective; not only in potency but in its ability to target specific pain points on patients. For example, the piney aroma we love from Jack Herer is caused by the presence of pinene. Pinene is the reason why Jack wakes you up and keeps you alert while its medicinal benefits are the key to treating inflammation and pain.\nExtraction and Choice of Solvents\nTo make a FECO product, you have to choose a solvent that will help retain as many of the terpenoids, flavonoids, and cannabinoids as possible. Rick Simpson’s method calls for isopropyl alcohol, naphtha or petroleum ether which destroys all of the natural terpenes. Not to mention those solvents are considered harmful, are flammable, and in some cases can be neurotoxic. These solvents are also considered cancer hazards in their material safety data sheets (MSDS). Many producers that opt to go this route sometimes add terpenes to the extracted product, but because of the solvent used, only limited beneficial scent molecules.\nA quality full extract cannabis oil (FECO) is typically produced with food-grade ethanol. This solvent has been proven to retain the most terpenoid and cannabinoid profiles.\nWhy is FECO considered RSO?\nRick Simpson Oil is a cannabis oil that was dubbed RSO because it was developed by Rick Simpson and users followed his methodology of medicating dosage and production. That simple. Because of the variations of how people produce it, including strain and solvent used, the color will vary making it hard to rule out anything as RSO. However, most people identify RSO with a black tar-like substance, but color can vary from a transparent amber color to the black tar everyone knows.\nFECO is just a full extract alternative to traditional RSO. Same use with more potential because of the fact that the cannabinoid and terpenoid profiles remain intact.\nRick Simpson Oil & Full Extract Cannabis Oil: Which One is Better?\nEveryone’s biochemistry is different, so we can’t fairly rule out anything. FECO will give you a whole plant effectiveness, but some may not take well to the specific strains used or terpene content within the medicine. Some may not like the taste of FECO as keeping the terpenes retains the earthy flavor of cannabis, so one may turn to a traditional RSO.\nThe best way to medicate is by consulting a cannabis nurse or doctor so that they can guide you in which products are best suited for you. Consuming products that are lab tested for potency and terpene profile is also a good way to tailor your medicine. Without lab tests, you won’t know what is truly in your medicine.\nTry Our RSO & FECO Products\nView Our Full Menu", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=5816", "date": "2013-05-21T18:48:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700438490/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516103358-00051-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.924217700958252, "token_count": 374, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__204542095", "lang": "en", "text": "Dow Microbial Control (Buffalo Grove, Ill.), a business group of The Dow Chemical Company, announced the launch of BIOBANTM 200 Antimicrobial, a low-VOC paint-film fungicide.\nThe product is designed for the protection of paint films against attack from molds and mildew, and also offers biocidal activity against bacteria and algae, the company says. The technology also is reported to provide broad-spectrum biocidal activity and can be used in exterior and interior applications.\nThe active ingredient in the product is 4, 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, the company says.\nPrimarily formulated for use in water-based systems, the product can also be used in solvent-based systems depending on its compatibility with the final product and its packaging, the company says.\n“BIOBAN 200 is the result of high-class formulation development and extensive performance testing,” said Claudinei Fava, senior technical service specialist, Dow Microbial Control.\n“The formulation is based on the well-proven dispersion technology and patented active stabilization of ROCIMA™ 200 with negligible VOC contribution to the paint formulations (per analytical test methods currently used),” Fava said. “Therefore, BIOBAN 200 Antimicrobial is a good component for new generations of low-VOC, aqueous coatings.”\nCelso Magri, global strategic marketing manager, paint and coatings, for Dow Microbial Control, said development of the product represents the company’s response to “evolving market needs, as well as the most stringent requirements in quality and regulatory compliance.”\nMore information: Dow Microbial Control.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://floodproofmum.blogspot.com/2014/04/a-z-simple-living-c-cleaning.html", "date": "2019-02-20T09:26:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494694.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220085318-20190220111318-00121.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9647705554962158, "token_count": 596, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__46017828", "lang": "en", "text": "If you are wanting to start your own simple living journey then the best place to start is by making your own cleaning products. I started with laundry liquid first, and once I was sure it would be just as effective as the store bought ones, I then experimented further. Basically any product that you buy from the supermarket to clean with, you can make at home yourself for a fraction of the price. My last batch of ten litres of laundry liquid cost just $3 to make and has lasted me for six months. It has no nasty chemicals and does an amazing job of cleaning the kids clothes....it also does not irritate my sensitive skin like some laundry liquids have done in the past, and my daughter's dermatitis is now non-existent.\nI use the recipe from Down to Earth and thought I would include it in this post so you can see how easy it is to make!\n1 cup of Lux soap flakes\n1/2 cup washing soda\n1/2 cup borax\n1 1/2 litres of water\nAdd the above ingredients to a medium sized saucepan and heat, stirring, until all ingredients are dissolved.\nAdd 8 litres of water to a 10 litre bucket, pour in the hot soapy mixture and stir. The mixture will thicken into a gel as it cools, and you then place it into plastic containers for storage.\nHow easy is that? I bought the ingredients and it was a while before I got around to making it, so I kept my laundry liquid bottles to re-use, and for the rest I stored it in empty water bottles. You do need to give the liquid a shake before using as the mixture does separate, so leave some room in the top of the bottle to allow for this.\nOnce you have made this laundry liquid you can use it as a base for so many other cleaners. I use a watered down version with a few drops of eucalyptus oil as a spray for my benchtops. There are also home-made cleaners you can make using vinegar or bicarb soda as a base ingredient to clean anything from showers, toilets, floors, dishwashers etc. I made a few and did a road test of the cleaners on this post Homemade Cleaners Road Test.\nI have also experimented with making homemade soap. It turned out okay, and is totally natural, but I found the oils quite expensive to buy...and we don't use alot of soap. My family prefer the shower gels, so I buy organic homemade soap from the markets and turn it into Home-made Shower Gel instead. I am still avoiding the chemicals, saving money (cost about 20% of store-bought product), and am adding to that reduction in my carbon footprint.\nSo, there are no hard and fast rules. You do what works for you...and experiment as you go along. Do you make any of your own cleaning products?", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.gettystewart.com/canning-tomatoes-safely-whats-the-issue/", "date": "2023-05-30T17:16:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646076.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530163210-20230530193210-00663.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9156498312950134, "token_count": 1085, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__4509838", "lang": "en", "text": "The Safety Issues around Canning Tomatoes and Tomato Products\nI stopped in at CTV Morning Live to chat about how to can tomatoes safely. This article provides a little more info on why canning tomatoes is a little more tricky than other fruits.\nTomatoes are Borderline between High Acid and Low Acid\nThe issue with canning tomatoes is that the level of acid in tomatoes varies with a pH range of 4.4 to 4.9. Even though they may taste acidic to us, tomatoes are less acidic than most fruit, for example apples range in pH 3.2 to 4.0.\nRemember high acid=low pH and that only high acid foods with a pH of 4.6 or lower can be safely water bath canned. That means a lot of tomatoes can’t just be canned as is. We need to add acid to safely can tomatoes.\nA tomato’s acid level changes as it grows and may differ from one year to another due to growing conditions. In other words, there’s really no way for us home canners to know what the acid level of our tomatoes is at the time of processing. But that’s okay, we can accommodate for this uncertainty by adding lemon juice, vinegar or citric acid (a powdered product you can get at the pharmacy) to our tomatoes. By doing so, we know for certain that the pH will be where it needs to be.\nAdd 2 Tbsp lemon juice to each Quart jar when canning tomatoes.\nI’ve never tried citric acid, but I’ve read that it leaves little or no taste to the final product. If you don’t want to change the flavor profile of your canned tomatoes, this is an ideal solution.\nI prefer the taste of lemon juice over vinegar, so that is what I have always used. When it comes to canning, use commercial lemon juice as opposed to fresh squeezed lemon juice. Again, because of varying growing and storage conditions, knowing the exact acidity of a lemon is difficult at home. To be sure you’re getting the right level of acidity, it’s best to use commercial lemon juice.\nOne of the most dangerous pathogens and one we want to avoid in home canning is Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that causes botulism and it can be fatal (read more here). This bacteria thrives in high moisture, low acid, low salt and low oxygen environments. Canned tomatoes, tomato products, meat, soups, stews, fish, beans and other low acid foods provide the ideal environment for botulism spores. Only by processing foods according to current tested, recommended practices can we ensure that every can is safe.\nThe threat is real! Not every can that is processed using old, traditional methods may lead to botulism or food poisoning – but the risk is there and it’s very real. It is impossible to tell if Clostridium Botulinum is present, so ALL low acid foods must be processed safely. Even frozen vegetables can have Clostridium botulinum present as was the case in a recent botulism outbreak after improperly canning frozen commercial peas 2018 Botulism from canning frozen peas. In the 2018 pea incident, 3 ladies ended up in hospital and had to be intubated to enable them to breath, luckily they recovered. Sadly a 2015 church potluck in Ohio is evidence that home canned goods processed incorrectly can cause tragedy. Ohio Church Potluck Botulism Outbreak turns fatal.\nHow to avoid Clostridium Botulinum in Home Canned Goods\n– heat process low acid veggies, meats and other canned goods in a pressure canner where temperatures can get to the required 240°F/116°C and process it for the recommended time. Again, it’s important to follow the recommended times provided by tested recipes from a trusted source like the National Centre for Home Food Preservation\nCanned tomatoes are a great addition to any pantry and by following current practices, you can rest easy knowing you’ve done your best to ensure a safe and delicious product.\nWant to learn more? How about a preserving workshop with Getty? Call today as fall dates are booking quickly. Getty Stewart is an engaging speaker and writer providing tasty recipes, time-saving tips, and helpful kitchen ideas to make home cooking easy and enjoyable. She is a Professional Home Economist, author of Manitoba’s best-selling Prairie Fruit Cookbook, Founder of Fruit Share, mom and veggie gardener.\nDo i need to to add acid when making hot sauce with tomatoes from the garden? Also what about when making marinara sauce?\nIf you plan to can any kind of tomato product using the hot water bath technique (versus pressure canning) then YES, you need to add acid. The exact quantities will vary depending on the other ingredients in your recipe. Your safest route is to follow a recipe that’s been tested by a credible source like the National Centre for Home Food Preservation (http://nchfp.uga.edu/) or Bernardin (http://www.bernardin.ca/). Better safe than sorry!", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.science.uottawa.ca/eih/ch1/ch1.htm", "date": "2014-09-19T01:45:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657129431.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011209-00044-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.87503582239151, "token_count": 6305, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-41", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-41__0__42571343", "lang": "en", "text": "Groundwater moving through the geosphere appears to be a simple enough process, yet a groundwater realm of cryptic underground rivers and channels has remained in our culture since early historic times, sustained by water diviners and rural myths. Surface waters seem easier to understand, their intricacies more apparent because we can see them flow and follow them to their source. But to quench your thirst, they must first be flocculated, sedimented, filtered, limed, chlorinated and often chilled, provided industrial effluents have not already damaged the supply. For groundwaters, the geosphere provides these treatments naturally. Groundwater represents more than 50 times the freshwater resource that surface waters do, yet in North America groundwater is used for less than half of freshwater needs; in Central Europe, groundwater is the dominant source for drinking water.\nThe dawn of hydrogeology as a science began with Darcys early experimenting with the plumbing for the fountains of Dijon. Today, the over-exploitation and contamination of this resource has moved groundwater research to the forefront of the geosciences. Nonetheless, like the diviners of historic times, hydrogeologists still wrestle with the questions of groundwater provenance, its renewability and the subsurface processes affecting its quality. These questions become increasingly relevant as we continue to test the limits of groundwater resource sustainability.\nEnvironmental isotopes now routinely contribute to such investigations,\ncomplementing geochemistry and physical hydrogeology. Meteoric processes,\nfor instance, modify the stable isotopic composition of water, and so the\nrecharge waters in a particular environment will have a characteristic\nisotopic signature. This signature then serves as a natural tracer for\nthe provenance of groundwater. On the other hand, radioisotopes decay,\nproviding us with a measure of circulation time, and thus groundwater renewability.\nEnvironmental isotopes provide, however, much more than indications of\ngroundwater provenance and age. Looking at isotopes in water, solutes and\nsolids tells us about groundwater quality, geochemical evolution, recharge\nprocesses, rock-water interaction, the origin of salinity and contaminant\nprocesses. Lets start with the basics.\nThe nuclear structure of a nuclide (an isotope-specific atom) is classically defined by its number of protons (Z) which defines the element, and the number of neutrons (N) which defines the isotope of that element. For a given nuclide, the sum of protons and neutrons gives the atomic weight (A), expressed by the notation . For example, most oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, giving a nuclide with 16 atomic mass units () while about 0.2% of oxygen has 10 neutrons (). In reality, the mass of a nuclide is slightly less than the combined mass of its neutrons and protons. The \"missing\" mass is expressed as the nuclear binding energy (according to Einsteins mass-energy relationship E = mc2), which represents the amount of energy required to break the nucleus into its constituent nucleons. Conventional notation for a nuclide uses only the elemental symbol and atomic weight (e.g. 18O or 34S).\nWhereas the number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary, the range is\nlimited by the degree of instability created by having too many or too\nfew neutrons. Unstable isotopes or radioactive nuclides have a certain\nprobability of decay. Stable isotopes, on the other hand, do not spontaneously\ndisintegrate by any known mode of decay. To date, some 270 stable nuclides\nand over 1700 radionuclides have been identified. For the light elements\n(Z up to 20) the greatest stability occurs with a Z:N ratio close to 1,\nand increases towards 1.5 for heavy elements. In a chart arranged according\nto Z and N (Fig. 1-1), the stable isotopes of the elements form a stable\nvalley from hydrogen to uranium. Departures from this stable valley produce\nradionuclides of decreasing stability (shorter half-lifes). Oxygen, for\nexample, has eleven isotopes (12O to 22O) although\nonly the median isotopes, 16O, 17O and 18O,\nare stable (Fig 1-2). The others are radioactive with half-lives varying\nfrom 122 seconds to less than a femtosecond (10-15 s).\nFig. 1-1 Plot of Z vs. N for nuclides up to tin (Z=50) showing the \"stable\" valley of the nuclides. The Z : N ratio is 1 for the light nuclides and increases towards 1.5 for the heavier nuclides. Increases or decreases in N for given element produces increasingly unstable isotopes (decreasing T½).\nThe distribution of stable isotopes reflects the structure of the nucleus. Like electron orbits, the most stable nuclei have filled neutron and/or proton shells. Those nuclides with a \"magic number\" (2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126) of neutrons and/or protons are the most common (e.g. = 99.99986% of all helium; = 99.76% of all oxygen; or = 96.9% of all calcium) whereas others have lower abundances (e.g. = 19.9% of all boron). As the nuclear binding energy occurs between nucleon pairs (protons or neutrons), stable nuclides with even numbers for N and Z, dominate. Thus, 161 of the known stable nuclides have an even N and Z while only 4 have an odd values for N and Z. There are 105 with either an odd N or Z.\nAlthough all elements present in hydrogeological systems have a number of isotopes, only a few are of practical importance to us. The environmental isotopes are the naturally occurring isotopes of elements found in abundance in our environment: H, C, N, O and S. These are principal elements of hydrological, geological and biological systems. The stable isotopes of these element serve as tracers of water, carbon, nutrient and solute cycling. They are also light elements. As a consequence, the relative mass differences between their isotopes are large, imparting measurable fractionations during physical and chemical reactions. For example, 2H has 100% more mass than its sister isotope 1H, whereas the two stable isotopes of bromine (81Br and 79Br) have a mass difference of only 2.5%. Radioactive environmental isotopes are also important in hydrogeology. From their decay we have a measure of time and so environmental radionuclides such as 14C and 3H can be used to estimate the age or circulation of groundwater.\nThe family of environmental isotopes is growing as new methods allow the routine analysis of additional isotopes. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis has brought 36Cl into mainstream isotope hydrogeology. Refinements in solid source mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) allows high precision measurement of the isotopes of trace elements such as U, Th, Li and B. The major stable environmental isotopes used in hydrogeology are presented in Table 1-1.\nEnvironmental isotopes are now used to trace not only groundwater provenance, but also recharge processes, subsurface processes, geochemical reactions and reaction rates. Their importance in studies of biogeochemical cycles and soil-water-atmosphere processes is increasingly being recognized, and new applications in contaminant hydrogeology are being made.\nTable 1-1 The stable environmental isotopes\n|Isotope||Ratio||% natural abundance||Reference (abundance ratio)||Commonly measured phases|\n|2H||2H/1H||0.015||VSMOW (1.5575 · 104)||H2O, CH2O, CH4, H2, OH minerals|\n|3He||3He/4He||0.000138||Atmospheric He (1.3 · 106)||He in water or gas, crustal fluids. basalt|\n|6Li||6Li/7Li||7.5||L-SVEC (8.32 · 102)||Saline waters, rocks|\n|11B||11B/10B||80.1||NBS 951 (4.04362)||Saline waters, clays, borate, rocks|\n|13C||13C/12C||1.11||VPDB (1.1237 · 102)||CO2, carbonate, DIC, CH4, organics|\n|15N||15N/14N||0.366||AIR N2 (3.677·103)||N2, NH4+, NO3, N-organics|\n|18O||18O/16O||0.204||VSMOW (2.0052 · 103) VPDB (2.0672 · 103)||H2O, CH2O, CO2, sulphates, NO3, carbonates, silicates, OH minerals|\n|34S||34S/32S||4.21||CDT (4.5005 · 102)||Sulphates, sulphides, H2S, S-organics|\n|37Cl||37Cl/35Cl||24.23||SMOC (0.324)||Saline waters, rocks, evaporites, solvents|\n|81Br||81Br/79Br||49.31||SMOB||Developmental for saline waters|\n|87Sr||87Sr/86Sr||87Sr = 7.0 86Sr = 9.86||Absolute ratio measured||Water, carbonates, sulphates, feldspar|\nThe variations in numbers of neutrons in an element provides for the\ndifferent masses (atomic weights) of the element and the molecules of which\nthey may be a part. For example, heavy water, 2H216O,\nhas a mass of 20 compared to normal water, 1H216O,\nwhich has a mass of 18. Molecules with differences in mass have different\nreaction rates. This leads to the isotope partitioning or fractionation\ndescribed by Urey (1947).\nStable environmental isotopes are measured as the ratio of the two most\nabundant isotopes of a given element. For oxygen it is the ratio of 18O,\nwith a terrestrial abundance of 0.204%, to common 16O which\nrepresents 99.796 of terrestrial oxygen. Thus the 18O/16O\nratio is about 0.00204. Fractionation processes will of course modify this\nratio slightly for any given compound containing oxygen, but these variations\nare seen only at the fifth or sixth decimal place.\nMeasuring an absolute isotope ratio or abundance is not easily done\nand requires some rather sophisticated mass spectrometric equipment. Further,\nmeasuring this ratio on a routine basis would lead to tremendous problems\nin comparing data sets from different laboratories. However, we are mainly\ninterested in comparing the variations in stable isotope concentrations\nrather than actual abundance, and so a simpler approach is used. Rather\nthan measuring a true ratio, an apparent ratio can easily be measured by\ngas source mass spectrometry. The apparent ratio differs from the true\nratio due to operational variations (machine error, or m) and will not\nbe constant between machines or laboratories or even different days for\nthe same machine. However, by measuring a known reference on the same machine\nat the same time, we can compare our sample to the reference. Isotopic\nconcentrations are then expressed as the difference between the measured\nratios of the sample and reference over the measured ratio of the reference.\nMathematically, the error (m) between the apparent and true ratios is cancelled.\nThis is expressed using the delta (d) notation:\nThe range of oxidation states of carbon makes it a fundamental element of the biosphere and hydrosphere. Carbon-13 traces carbon sources and reactions for a multitude of inter-reacting organic and inorganic species. The paleotemperature scale developed in the early 1950s using the 18O/16O ratio in marine carbonates adopted PDB as the international reference material (Urey et al., 1951). PDB was the internal calcite structure (rostrum) from a fossil Belemnitella americana from the Cretaceous Pee Dee Formation in South Carolina. In 1957, Craig formally introduced PDB as the standard for both 13C and 18O in carbonate minerals. It has subsequently been adopted as the 13C standard for all carbon compounds, including CO2, dissolved inorganic carbon species (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), cellulose and other fixed-C solids (CH2O), organic liquids, methane and other hydrocarbons. However, VSMOW is the standard for measurements of 2H or 18O in organic molecules (e.g. CH4, CH2O etc.).\nBefore the limited PDB supply was exhausted, Friedman et al. (1982)\nused it to calibrate a crushed slab of white marble of unknown origin,\ndesignated as NBS-19:\nd13CNBS-19 = +1.95\nThe measurement of isotopes in carbonate minerals is done on CO2\ngas that is normally produced by acidification, a method developed by McCrea\n(1950). Carbon dioxide is produced from carbonate minerals by reaction\nwith 100% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at 25°C (Urey\net al., 1951). The conversion of calcite to CO2 follows the\n|CaCO3 - Calcite||25||10.20|\n|CaCO3 - Aragonite||25||10.29|\n|CaMg(CO3)2 - Dolomite||25||11.03|\n|CaMg(CO3)2 - Dolomite||25||11.712|\n|SrCO3 - Strontianite||25||10.43|\n|BaCO3 - Witherite||25||10.91|\n|FeCO3 - Siderite||25||10.11753|\n|FeCO3 - Siderite||50||10.10753|\n|MgCO3 - Magnesite||50||11.53|\n2 Rosenbaum and Sheppard, 1986 .\n3 Carothers et al., 1988.\nBoth VPDB and VSMOW are recognized international standards for 18O.\nWhile waters are exclusively referenced to VSMOW, carbonates can refer\nto either. VPDB was originally introduced for paleoclimatic studies, where\nthe 18O content of carbonate was used as a paleotemperature\nscale. However, the use of carbonate isotopes has gone far beyond this\nfield, and in water-carbonate studies it is common to express d18O\ndata for carbonate against the VSMOW scale. Conversion is also necessary\nwhen deriving information about the d18O\ncontent of the water in which a carbonate has formed. The conversion chart\nin Fig. 1-3 or the following equations can be used (Coplen et al., 1983):\nd18OVPDB = 0.97002\n· d18OVSMOW 29.98\nFig. 1-3 Conversion chart for 18O between VSMOW and VPDB, with fractionation factors for 25°C. The bold line equates values on the VPDB scale to values on the VSMOW scale according to the two reciprocal equations: d 18OVSMOW=1.03091 · d 18OVPDB + 30.91 , and d 18OVPDB=0.97002 · d 18OVSMOW 29.98 .\nIn 1947, Alfred Nier developed the first dual-inlet, double-collector gas-source mass spectrometer. The double collector allowed the simultaneous measurement of two isotopes and the dual inlet allowed ratio measurement on both a sample and a standard by alternating between inlets. Gas source mass spectrometry has since become the measurement technique of preference for isotope ratios of most of the light elements (e.g. H, C, N, O and S) because of its relative simplicity and because the use of international standards allows comparison of data bases from different laboratories. A host of preparation methods have been developed and improved to convert different sample compounds to an appropriate gas including CO2, SO2, H2 and N2.\nA heated tungsten-coated iridium (thoria) filament inside the source block cavity ionizes a laminar stream of gas entering the ultra-high vacuum source (Fig. 1-4). The gas molecules are stripped of one electron, producing positive ions (e.g. CO2+) which are then accelerated through a voltage gradient and focused into the flight tube upon exiting the source. The ionization efficiency varies between 0.01 and 0.1% for different instruments. The ion beam bends as it passes through the field of a magnet installed over the flight tube. Here, the beam separates into a spectrum of masses according to the isotopes present. Each mass beam continues to the ion detectors where preset faraday cup collectors measure each ion current. By collecting two or three ion beams simultaneously, the ion currents can be expressed as mass ratios. For example, CO2 would contribute three principal peaks at mass 44 (12C16O2), mass 45 (13C16O2 or 12C17O16O) and mass 46 (12C16O18O). A dual-inlet system allows the mass spectrometer to alternately measure ratios in the sample and a working or laboratory standard. Thus, the extreme fractionation imparted during ionization in the source is resolved. The early mass spectrometers suffered from drifting electronics, which precluded accurate abundance measurements. These instabilities have since been overcome with solid-state and fibre optic signal transfer systems.\nFig. 1-4 Schematic of a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), showing both continuous flow and dual inlets. The continuous flow inlet here is shown with a sample combustion and gas chromatograph configuration. Capillary tubes ensure laminar, non-fractionating gas flow. Example shows mass range of CO2 gas, and includes the short radius flight tube for H2 found on many designs. Other mass ranges (for SO2 and N2) are attained by either additional fixed-position faraday collectors or by adjusting the beam. For manufacturers details, see <http://beluga.uvm.edu/geowww/isogeochem.htm>.\nQuadrupole mass spectrometers employ a method of isotope separation and measurement that offers economies in size and cost, but lack the precision of a Nier-type instrument. However, the portability of quadrupole mass spectrometry allowed the Viking mission to perform isotope analyses of Martian soil and atmosphere.\nThe direction of gas source mass spectrometry is now towards continuous flow systems where the sample and standard gases are carried into the mass spectrometer source in a stream of helium gas (Fig. 1-4). In this way, pulse injections of sample gas can be analysed, reducing volume constraints and sample size. Measurement in the nano-mole (109 moles of gas) size range is now possible, opening a host of research possibilities. These systems also greatly increase sample through-put when configured with automated sample preparation systems. In particular, an elemental analyzer on the front end of a continuous flow mass spectrometer allows the analysis of solid, liquid, and mixed matrix samples which can be combusted and the gases separated on a chromatographic column. Helium carries the sample through the column and into the mass spectrometer. Continuous flow mass spectrometers configured with a laser ablation sampling system provide researchers with a tool for micro-analysis of sulphides and carbonates, with a spatial resolution in the order of 10 to 50 mm.\nThe radioisotopes routinely employed in hydrogeology include tritium and carbon-14. Measurement of chlorine-36 is becoming increasingly available to non-specialists, while the use of other radioisotopes like argon-39 and the krypton (85Kr and 81Kr) is restricted to a limited number of research laboratories due to complications in sampling, analysis and interpretation. For the noble gases, huge volumes of water must be vacuum extracted in the field for analysis in low-level counters. Details on these radionuclides are given in Table 1-4. Sampling methods are covered in detail in Chapter 10.\nTable 1-4 The environmental radioisotopes\n|Principal Sources||Commonly measured phases|\n|3H||12.43||b||Cosmogenic, weapons testing||H2O, CH2O|\n|14C||5730||b||Cosmogenic, weapons testing, nuclear reactors||DIC, DOC, CO2 CaCO3, CH2O|\n|36Cl||301,000||b||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Cl, surface Cl-salts|\n|39Ar||269||b||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Ar|\n|85Kr||10.72||b||Nuclear fuel processing||Kr|\n|81Kr||210,000||ec||Cosmogenic and subsurface||Kr|\n|129I||1.6 · 107 yr||b||Cosmogenic, subsurface, nuclear reactors||I and I in organics|\n|222Rn||3.8 days||a||Daughter of 226Ra in 238U decay series||Rn gas|\n|226Ra||1600||a||Daughter of 230Th in 238U decay series||Ra2+, carbonate, clays|\n|230Th||75,400||a||Daughter of 234U in 238U decay series||Carbonate, organics|\n|234U||246,000||a||Daughter of 234Pa in 238U decay series||UO22+, carbonate, organics|\n|238U||4.47·109||a||Primordial||UO22+, carbonate, organics|\na - alpha emission.\nec - electron capture.\nTritium, 3H, is a short-lived isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.43 years. It attracted considerable interest during the era of thermonuclear bomb testing. Dr. R. Brown with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) was the first to begin monitoring 3H fallout from atmospheric weapons tests. His data for Ottawa precipitation begins in 1952 and documents the dramatic increases in atmospheric 3H produced during the ensuing two decades of hydrogen bomb testing.\nSmall but measurable amounts of tritium are also produced naturally in the stratosphere by cosmic radiation on 14N. Both natural and anthropogenic tritium enter the hydrological cycle via precipitation. Its presence in groundwater provides evidence for active recharge. As it is part of the water molecule, it is the only direct water dating method available.\nTritium has also gained importance in the medical field to tag compounds in biological reactions, although the concentrations used here exceed environmental concentrations by several orders of magnitude. Environmental concerns limit the use of artificial 3H as a tracer in hydrological studies.\nTritium concentrations are expressed as absolute concentrations, using tritium units (TU) and so no reference standard is required. One TU corresponds to one 3H atom per 1018 atoms of hydrogen. For 1 litre of water, its radioactivity is equivalent to 0.12 Bq (1 Becquerel = 1 disintegration/second), or 3.2 pCi/l (1 pCi is 1012 Curies and a Curie is the radioactivity of 1 gram of 226Ra; 1 Curie = 3.7·1010 Bq). Groundwaters today seldom have more than 50 TU and are typically in the <1 to 10 TU range.\nTritium is measured by counting b decay events in a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). A 10 mL sample aliquot is mixed with the scintillation compound that releases a photon when struck by a b particle. Photomultiplier tubes in the counter convert the photons to electrical pulses that are counted over a several-hour period. Results are calculated by comparing the count to those of calibrated standards and blanks. Increased precision is gained through concentration by electrolytic enrichment of 3H in the water before counting, or by conversion to propane (C3H8) for gas proportional counting. Direct liquid-scintillation counting carries a precision of ±7 TU, whereas with enrichment and LSC this is improved to better than ±0.8 TU. With propane synthesis, a precision of ±0.1 TU can be obtained.\nAlthough it was shown early this century that stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen existed, it was not until much later that their abundance and variation in the hydrosphere were investigated. Friedman, in 1953, first noted that in precipitation a change in concentration of H218O was accompanied by a change in 2HHO. In 1961, Craig published his landmark finding that these two isotopes are partitioned by meteorological processes in a rather predictable fashion. Subsequent work has shown how isotopes are partitioned through other systems, such as 13C in the carbon cycle.\nHow are environmental isotopes partitioned? Thermodynamic fractionation is a fundamental process. Here we will explore the details of isotope fractionation, using 18O and 2H in the hydrological cycle as an example. Fractionation of 13C, 34S, 15N and other isotopes will be discussed in other chapters.\nIsotope fractionation occurs in any thermodynamic reaction due to differences\nin the rates of reaction for different molecular species. The result is\na disproportionate concentration of one isotope over the other on one side\nof the reaction. It is expressed by the fractionation factor a\nwhich is the ratio of the isotope ratios for the reactant and product:\n1. What is the relative enrichment or depletion of VSMOW, in d\nnotation, relative to the average terrestrial abundance of 18O\ngiven in Table 1-1? What about VPDB?\n= 17.1 vs. terrestrial abundance\nCalculating RVPDB: determine VPDB on the VSMOW scale\nd18O = 1.03091 · d18OVPDB + 30.91 = 30.91 VSMOW (for 0 VPDB)\n= 13.3 enriched over the terrestrial abundance.\nAccordingly, 103lna18Ocalcite-water = 30.4\nFrom the table at the front of the book, 103lna18Ocalcitewater = 30.4 at a temperature of about 15.5°C. Considering that the bottom temperatures in Cretaceous seas are not well known, this seems pretty close to isotopic equilibrium.\nSLAP = 55.5 VSMOW, therefore:\n10Be ® 10B\nH2Ol « H2Ov 103lna2Hl-v = 75.6 @ 25°C; 22.3 @ 100°C (evaporation)\n18O: H2O - CO2(g)\nCaCO3 + H2O + CO2 [CO32, HCO3, H2CO3, CO2] Ca2+ + HCO3\n103lna18OCaCO3H2O = 28.4 @ 25°C; 17.1 @ 100°C (rapid precipitation of calcite)\n13C: CO2(g) CaCO3\nCO2(g) + H2O + CaCO3 « [Ca2+, CO32, HCO3, H2CO3, CO2(aq), CO2(g)] « Ca2+ + 2HCO3\n103lna18OCaCO3CO2 = 10.4 @ 25°C; 3.4 @ 100°C (rapid degasing of CO2)\n34S: reduction of sulphate to sulphide\nCH4 + SO42 ® [sulphite + other intermediary S species] ® HCO3 + HS + H2O\n103lna18OSO4HS = 72.7 @ 25°C; 49.9 @ 100°C (rapid degasing of CO2)\nBiologically mediated reaction, and equilibrium fractionation is never attained at low T. Biological fractionation generally varies between 20 and 30.\n18O: H2Oice - H2Ovapour\nH2Oi « H2Ov 103lna18Oi-v = 14.7 @ 0°C (sublimation a surface reaction with little to no fractionation)\na2HH2 = 1.2055 - greatest fractionation\na3He/4He = 1.1371\na13CCO2 = 1.0044\n|2H||18O or 13C||2H||18O or 13C|\n|Isotope separation dX - dY||45||18||228||122|\n|Deviation dX - dref. (dref. = 0)||32||12||45||18|\n8. Isotope fractionation effects are expressed as a-values\nand isotope abundances are given as permil differences from a reference\n(d-value). Establish the relationship between\na and d in the form\nof a simple equation.\nd2HH2 = 754 VSMOW", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.manukahoney.co.uk/info/research.html", "date": "2022-06-29T09:37:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103626162.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629084939-20220629114939-00767.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.904431939125061, "token_count": 3179, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__128316847", "lang": "en", "text": "Researching the health benefits of Manuka Honey\n\"One particular honey with extraordinary healing properties\"\nThe biochemist Professor Peter Molan of the honey research unit at the University of Waikato in New Zealand identified one particular type of honey with extraordinary healing qualities. He was able to show that honey made from the flowers of the Manuka bush, a native of New Zealand, has antibacterial properties over and above those of other honeys.\nHe said: \"In all honeys, there is - to different levels - hydrogen peroxide produced from an enzyme that bees add to the nectar. In Manuka honey, and its close relative which grows in Australia called Jellybush, there's something else besides the hydrogen peroxide. And nothing like that has ever been found anywhere else in the world.\"\nThat 'something else' has proved very hard to identify. Even now, after more than twenty years of research, Peter Molan admits he still has no idea exactly what it is. But he has given it a name: the 'Unique Manuka Factor', or 'UMF', and he has found a way to measure its antibacterial efficacy by comparing UMF® Manuka honey with a standard antiseptic (carbolic, or phenol) in its ability to fight bacteria. The results are astonishing.\nHe said: \"We know it has a very broad spectrum of action; it works on bacteria, fungi and protozoa. We haven't found anything it doesn't work on among infectious organisms.\" \"In fact,\" he says, \"UMF Manuka honey can even tackle antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria\" - a growing problem for hospitals around the world.\" \"Staphylococcus aureas is the most common wound-infecting species of bacteria and that's the bacterium most sensitive to honey that we've found. That includes the antibiotic resistant strains such as MRSA which is just as sensitive to honey as any other staphylococcus aureas.\"\nClinical trials at the Waikato Hospital have shown that even out of the lab, UMF® Manuka honey has amazing healing properties.\nCancer specialist Dr Glenys Round has also found honey to be an effective treatment. She said that they have been using honey to treat fungating wounds where the cancer has broken through the skin and that the results in that situation have been excellent. Most recently, she has had success in using honey dressings on patients with wounds or ulcers resulting from radiation therapy. She said, \"Most of those patients in the past had tried various other conventional treatments without much success and that is the reason why, at least initially, honey was tried.\"\nJulie Betts added that most patients seemed happy to try the honey treatment and that they didn't have a problem with it at all. She said, \"Humans in general have a fondness, I think, for natural remedies, so people are quite happy to use them. I think the problem we encounter is when people don't understand how it works. They think that sourcing any honey will achieve the same outcome, and that's not always true.\"\nStory from BBC NEWS:http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/health/3787867.stmPublished: 2004/06/08 23:15:47 GMT© BBC 2012\nThere are Two Types of Manuka Honey\n- Ordinary Manuka Honey: contains hydrogen peroxide antibacterial properties like all other honeys\n- UMF® (Unique Manuka Factor) Manuka Honey: contains hydrogen peroxide plus its own natural antibacterial properties. This unique, additional activity gives it the special antibacterial healing potency.\nUMF® is the registered trademark of the Active Manuka Honey Association (AMHA). The UMF rating is the number on the label. The higher the number, the greater the UMF test result and corresponding antimicrobial, therapeutic and healing qualities.\nThe minimum qualification for using the name UMF® and to be suitable for therapeutic use is a UMF® 10 rating.\nThere are 4 UMF® ratings to indicate the antibacterial potency of Manuka honey:\n- UMF® 0 to UMF® 4 - not detectable\n- UMF® 5 to UMF® 9 - maintenance level only (not recommended for therapeutic uses)\n- UMF® 10 to UMF® 15 - useful therapeutic levels endorsed by the Honey Research Unit at The University of Waikato\n- UMF® 16+ - superior strength with very high antibacterial levels\nRating the Antibacterial Activity of Manuka Honey\nFrom a paper by Professor Peter Molan - Honey Research Unit, University of Waikato\nThe unique type of antibacterial activity that is present in Manuka honey, distinct from the antibacterial activity due to hydrogen peroxide that is common to all honeys, was discovered in research at the University of Waikato in 1982. This discovery was first published in an MSc thesis which is held in the university library (K.M. Russell, 1983, The antibacterial properties of honey), and subsequently in a journal (Molan, P.C. and Russell, K.M. 1988), Non-peroxide antibacterial activity in some New Zealand honeys, Journal of Apicultural Research 27, 62-67).\nThe variation that occurs in the level of this unique activity in Manuka honey was reported in a subsequent publication (Allen, K.L., Molan, P.C. and Reid, G.M., 1991, A survey of the antibacterial activity of some New Zealand honeys, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 43, 817-822) where it was noted that:\n\"The present survey has shown not all samples said to be Manuka honey can be relied upon to provide this antibacterial activity.\"\nIt was from this came the term \"Active Manuka Honey\". The term was used in a fact sheet put out by the New Zealand Honey Food & Ingredient Advisory Service in 1998, which said:\n\"All of the patients in the trials who were taking the special active Manuka honey, as opposed to those patients taking ordinary inactive Manuka honey, had a marked improvement in their symptoms.\"\nIt also said:\n\"Research at the University of Waikato showed that some New Zealand Manuka honey (and it is important to emphasize \"some\", not all New Zealand Manuka honey) has a unique antibacterial activity. Laboratory trials showed that this Active Manuka honey is effective in killing Helicobacter pylori.\"\nBecause of increasing publicity about active manuka honey through news media reports on the research being carried out at the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato, the public demand for this special honey increased. But it also brought out people seeking to gain financially by \"passing off\" to the public so-called manuka honey which did not have the unique antibacterial activity.\nIn 1997 I was asked by TRADENZ (the predecessor to New Zealand Trade and Enterprise) to help with the setting up of an Industry Group for the producers of the genuine active manuka honey, and to advise on how best the producers of the genuine active manuka honey, and consumers, could be protected from those selling manuka honey without the unique type of activity yet implying that it was the same thing.\nUnfortunately the recommendations I made have not provided the answer to the problem. For instance, in the UK it is said that much of the manuka honey on sale does not have measurable levels of the non-peroxide antibacterial activity that is unique to manuka honey. Similarly there is honey on sale in New Zealand where the rating of activity on it is not a rating of the unique type of activity as measured by the assay described in Allen et al. (1991). There are also people selling manuka honey with the activity claimed to be the unique non-peroxide activity \"assayed by the method developed by Dr. Molan\" but there are beekeepers saying that different results from different laboratories are obtained for the same honey. There have also been many complaints that poor repeatability in results is seen when the same honey is sent repeatedly to the same laboratory.\nConsequently there is a need for a method for assaying and certifying the unique non-peroxide antibacterial activity of manuka honey that is accurate, highly reliable, independent of competing companies, open to anyone meeting set standards, and in which consumers can have confidence.\"\nProfessor Peter Molan's paper later concluded:\n\"This certification by the University of Waikato is expected to be readily recognised as trustworthy by consumers because there has been so much exposure of the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato in the news media. I have been filmed in 19 TV documentaries on manuka honey, contributed information for seven others, filmed about manuka honey for 20 TV news programmes, interviewed for 14 radio news programmes, and have been interviewed in 38 other radio programmes. I have also been interviewed about manuka honey for 111 newspapers and 137 magazines, books and news websites. Most of these TV, radio and print media have been overseas.\nDiscussion with buyers for companies in the health food trade overseas has indicated ready acceptance of the certification system because of the reputation of the Honey Research Unit and the recognition of the expertise of this group in the measurement of the antibacterial activity of honey.\nBecause the new proprietary assay of activity will give the same results when run in any laboratory, it will be possible to license overseas laboratories to operate the service and thus allow the university to certify honey exported in bulk and packed overseas, as long as the requirement is met of assays being done on labelled retail packs. This will give beekeepers more options for marketing the honey they produce, and at the same time hopefully encourage reputable packing companies overseas to sell genuine Active Manuka Honey. The university will also make the proprietary assay available to regulatory authorities overseas so that they can easily check if manuka honey on sale in their countries genuinely does have the activity claimed.\"\nOther Research Articles Available\n1. Honey-Based Dressings and Wound Care: An Option for Care in the United States Pieper, Barbara. Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing: January/February 2009 - Volume 36 - Issue 1 - p 60-66.\n2. Jon Morgan (5 March 2009). \"Money from honey - a family affair\" stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/business/farming/1999278/Money-from-honey-a-family-affair. Dominion Post en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Post.\n3. The factors responsible for the varying levels of UMF® in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/2655/thesis.pdf?=2. Jonathan McD C Stephens. Doctorate thesis. 2006.\n4. Julie Biuso, Sizzle: Sensational Barbecue Food, Monterey, Cal.: Julie Biuso Publications, 2008, p. 154\n5. Crescent Dragonwagon, Passionate Vegetarian, New York: Workman Publishing Co., 2002, p. 958\n6. Lusby, PE; Coombes, A, Wilkinson, JM (2002 Nov). \"Honey: a potent agent for wound healing?\". Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing: official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society / WOCN 29 (6): 295-300. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1067/mjw.2002.129073 dx.doi.org/10.1067%2Fmjw.2002.129073. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_sequenceId12439453entifier ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12439453.\n7. Jull, AB; Rodgers, A, Walker, N (2008 Oct 8). \"Honey as a topical treatment for wounds.\". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (4): CD005083. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/14651858.CD005083.pub2 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD005083.pub2. en.wikipePMIDdia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 18843679 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843679.\n8. Majtan, J; Klaudiny, J, Bohova, J, Kohutova, L, Dzurova, M, Sediva, M, Bartosova, M, Majtan, V (2012 Feb 17). \"Methylglyoxal-induced modifications of significant honeybee proteinous components in manuka honey: Possible therapeutic implications.\". Fitoterapia 83 (4): 671-7. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.002 dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fitote.2012.02.002. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 22366273 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22366273.\n9. Kilty, SJ; Duval, M, Chan, FT, Ferris, W, Slinger, R (2011 Sep-Oct). \"Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms.\". International forum of allergy & rhinology 1 (5): 348-50. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/alr.20073 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Falr.20073. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 22287464 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287464.\n10. Mavric, E; Wittmann, S, Barth, G, Henle, T (2008 Apr). \"Identification and quantification of methylglyoxal as the dominant antibacterial constituent of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honeys from New Zealand.\". Molecular nutrition & food research 52 (4): 483-9. doi en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier:10.1002/mnfr.200700282 dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.200700282. PMID en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier 18210383 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18210383.\n11. Eekhof, JA; Van Wijk, B, Knuistingh Neven, A, van der Wouden, JC (2012 Apr 18). \"Interventions for ingrowing toenails.\".", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.emcsupplies.com.my/index.php?route=product/product&search=nitto&product_id=343", "date": "2022-08-18T14:13:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00689.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7605352401733398, "token_count": 235, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__133957832", "lang": "en", "text": "Adhesive tape coated with single surface silicone adhesive on Fluoroplastic Film.\nNot only as a heat resistant tape but also to be used for various applications as follows. (Size Available: Width 50 mm, 150 mm)\n- Heat resistant electrical insulation (for Class H electrical insulation)\n- Coating for crimping part of heat sealing\n- Friction control and furtherance in sliding sections\n- Insulation coating of bounding, etc.\n|Width||50, 150 mm|\n|Tensile strength||55 N/19mm|\n|Adhesive strength||5.6 N/19mm|\n|Rewinding force||4.4 N/19mm|\n|Breakdown voltage||8 kV|\n|Temperature range||-60 ~ 200 °C|\nNitto NITOFLON No. 903UL\n- Brand: Nitto Denko\n- Product Code: Nitto 903UL\n- Availability: 2-3 Days", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://nutrition-atlas.nin.res.in/nutritionatlas/ironguide.php", "date": "2023-12-05T15:55:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00274.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9296544194221497, "token_count": 196, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__53928612", "lang": "en", "text": "Iron (Fe)is a trace mineral found in every living cell in our bodies. Iron is a primary component of hemoglobin, myoglobin and Cytochromes. Iron exerts its functions through the compounds in which it is present. Hemoglobin and myoglobin are required for the transport of O2 , CO2 and storage of O2 respectively. Cytochromes and certain non-heme proteins are necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain. Cytochrome containing enzymes are responsible for detoxification of endogenous metabolites, drugs and toxins. Iron is mainly absorbed in the stomach and duodenum. In normal people, about 10% of dietary iron is usually absorbed. Dietary iron has two main forms: heme and nonheme. Plants and iron-fortified foods contain nonheme iron only, whereas meat, seafood, and poultry contain both heme and nonheme iron. Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.itrafrica.com/lubricants.html", "date": "2023-03-23T08:10:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945030.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323065609-20230323095609-00184.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.908832848072052, "token_count": 478, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__174449580", "lang": "en", "text": "Lubricants and Greases for a Wide Range of Earthmoving Equipment.\nSuppliers of quality lubricants including heavy-duty engine oils, automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic oils and grease\nITR has a range of quality lubricants that deliver superior engine protection and performance, for machines used in construction, industrial and marine sectors. ITR lubricants are formulated with highly refined base oils, extreme pressure agents, anti-wear and anti-corrosive resistance additives for smooth operation.\nITR transmission fluid is designed for lubrication of torque converters, transmission gear in heavy equipment’s. It performs high standard to meet the wide range of lubrication requirements in transmission systems.\nITR Premium Quality Engine Oil is designed for Construction Equipment’s, heavy and light duty trucks and all diesel engine equipment. This is designed to provide superior soot dispersancy, engine cleanliness and reduced oil consumption.\nITR gear Oil is formulated with highly refined base oils, extreme pressure agents, anti-wear and anti-corrosive resistance additives for smooth operation. It is recommended for manual transmissions, differentials, final drive axis and gear boxes in Earth movers, trucks, buses, cars and tractors.\nITR Hydraulic Oil possess superior demulsibility, thermal stability, oxidation stability and excellent filterability. It maintains a thin film of oil under light and heavy loads. Recommended for use in compressors, machine tools, hydraulic systems, circulation systems and a wide variety of equipment’s.\nIt is used to minimize wear by providing lubricant coverage along the wearing parts. ITR can provide both Calcium based & Lithium based grease. ITR Grease is an ideal product for lubrication of flexible joints & work equipment points on Heavy equipment’s.\nCoolant is used by vehicles for heat transfer. ITR Antifreeze coolant is able to withstand the adverse temperature conditions and also efficient in preventing scale & corrosion of Engine cooling system.\nIt is a heavy duty Synthetic brake and hydraulic clutch release fluid. It is suitable for all conventional drum and disc brake system.\nDownload our Product Brochures:\nMake a free web page with Mobirise", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.sportscardigest.com/porsche-classic-motor-oil-introduced/", "date": "2018-06-24T06:49:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866888.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624063553-20180624083553-00580.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9092910885810852, "token_count": 276, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__151448205", "lang": "en", "text": "Porsche Cars North America, Inc. is launching its own engine oil for air-cooled flat-four and flat-six Porsche engines. In collaboration with the Porsche Development Center in Weissach, Germany, the new Porsche Classic Motor Oil has been developed by the Porsche Classic experts to meet the lubrication requirements of all Porsche air-cooled engines. The sports car manufacturer made the transition to liquid-cooled engines in the 911 model line in 1998.\nPorsche Classic Motor Oil comes in two different versions:\n- 20W-50 for all 356, 914, and 911 models up to the 2.7-liter G-model\n- 10W-60 for flat-six engines of 3.0 liters and larger\nAccording to Porsche Cars North America, Inc., the Porsche Classic Motor Oil offers the following benefits:\n- Specially developed for Porsche air-cooled engines\n- Tested in the lab and on the road by Porsche AG\n- Compatibility with the alloys and sealing materials used in the air-cooled engines\n- Excellent high temperature resilience and shear stability\n- Optimum protection against wear and corrosion provided by zinc and phosphorus\n- Engineered by Porsche\nPorsche Classic Motor Oil is available now exclusively through authorized Porsche dealers. For more information, visit Porsche Classic Motor Oil.\n[Source: Porsche NA]", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://home-owner-buff.com/chemicals-found-in-popular-lip-balm-by/", "date": "2023-03-28T05:52:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948765.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328042424-20230328072424-00313.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9231470227241516, "token_count": 1354, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__12089651", "lang": "en", "text": "Chapped lips happen to the best of us, especially when we approach a change in the weather or when your lips become dried out. The precise reason your lips become chapped can vary; however, wind, sun, cold air, medication, or just plain lip smacking can all be the cause. When chapped lips hit, most of us reach for a trusted product… lip balm.\nWhether we use Blistex, Burt’s Bees, Chapstick, or a tube of Nivea, we are all looking for the same form of relief. Did you know that many of the lip balm manufacturers use ingredients that are not eco-friendly and may even be harmful to you? If not, consider this, most manufacturers instruct you to not apply their product on cracked lips. Why do you think this is?\nLook At One of the Most Popular Lip Balms (Blistex).\nBlistex manufactures an assortment of lip balms. Many of those products include artificial flavoring, so for comparison, we’ll stick with their basic medicated product. Each tube contains over 20 ingredients. Just a few of these ingredients are:\n- Phenol: While considered toxic, phenol is used in a wide range of application that also includes disinfectants, mouthwashes, and throat lozenges according to the CDC.\n- Saccharin: Artificial sweetener.\n- Parabens: A preservative that receives a tremendous amount of negative press. While many sources will claim parabens act as a carcinogen, there are an equal number of peer reviewed studies expressing that the chemicals did not have an effect.\n- Fragrance: The description is protected by law, but contains potential phthalates.\n- Oxybenzone: A natural sunscreen found in many plants. Many sources claim this chemical is a carcinogen; however, the CDC reports there are no known ill health issues tied to the chemical. Additionally, WebMD interviewed Dr. Kate Puttgen, a pediatric physician at John Hopkins Children’s Center. Dr. Puttgen is one of several physicians that wholly support the use of products including Oxybenzone along with many of her peers. You will need to determine for yourself what your comfort is.\n- Mineral oil, Parrafin, and Petrolatum: Petroleum products designed to seal moisture in the skin.\nMoisturizing ingredients such as beeswax and lanolin are included in most of the Blistex products to help moisturize while the skin heals.\nUsing Blistex products bring relief because it includes ingredients that deal with the discomfort while disinfecting and killing anything that may be on the surface of your skin. At the same time, this lip balm is providing a protective layer to seal moisture in the skin and prevent any additional loss.\nReview of a Proclaimed Eco-Friendly Lip Balm (Burt’s Bees).\nYou can see right away that there is a difference in the ingredients used:\n- Beeswax: natural wax used in place of petroleum products.\n- Coconut Oil: Provides emollient properties to the skin.\n- Sunflower Seed Oil: Aids in retaining moisture in skin.\n- Peppermint Oil: Provides anti-inflammation and eases respiratory problems.\n- Lanolin: A natural skin moisturizer.\n- Tocopherol: Vitamin E extract – acts as a natural preservative.\n- Rosemary Leaf Extract: Provides antimicrobial properties.\n- Soybean Oil: A natural moisturizer that includes amino acids, protein, vitamins.\n- Canola Oil: made from crushed rapeseeds (a form of mustard plant). The biggest concern with this product is that over 90% of canola oil is produced from GMOs created in the last 20-years, so the long-term effects are unknown.\n- Limonene: Natural product in the rind of citrus and used for fragrance and flavoring.\nAs you can see, the ingredients in this lip balm are more likely to come from a kitchen than a chemist’s lab.,\nOur Choice for Eco-Friendly Lip Balm (Big Dipper Wax Works).\nOur favorite lip balm comes from a company in Seattle called Big Dipper Wax Works. Their product is made with beeswax, moisturizing Cocoa Butter, vitamin E, along with natural oils from coconut and apricot. They include several products with flavors made from essential oils (if you really have to have the flavoring).They don’t pay us to tell people about them; we do it because we are big fans of their natural beeswax products!\nBest Way to Avoid Chapped Lips?\n- Use beeswax based products versus petroleum.\n- Get plenty of Vitamin A – this will help keep skin cells fresh.\n- Increase your water intake.\n- Vitamin B-3: Helps lips stay moist.\n- Vitamin B-12: Helps heal chapped lips.\n- Zinc: Aids your immune system.\n- Use a humidifier.\n- Use antibiotic ointment instead of lip balm if lips are already chapped or skin is damaged.\n- Avoid flavored lip balm – they cause you to lick your lips more frequently and actually exacerbate the problem.\nLip Balm Conclusions.\nStudy after study demonstrates that normal usage of these products is not likely to cause cancer, so stories selling that headline tend to pray on fears. Here’s a dose of reality; however. Your body is taking in these toxins through not only the use of products like Blistex and the 150 competitors; but the ingredients are also included in everyday cosmetics, lotions, body washes, and shampoos. Exposure from lip balm alone is not going to give you cancer; however, your risks may increase as you compound your exposure to all the other personal care products you use.\nAvoid any product that includes artificial flavors or colors. Your body just doesn’t need them and many lip balms like to offer that luxurious cherry flavor to keep you using their product.\nPetroleum products will provide a best seal to allow the skin to heal. If you are not comfortable with that (and we understand why), then go with a beeswax product like you find in Burt’s Bees or our favorite the natural beeswax product from Big Dipper Wax Works. If you do use a petroleum-based product, be sure to use it for a limited amount of time as they can cause irritation problems with prolonged use.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://tj.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113&Itemid=648", "date": "2017-04-26T13:52:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121355.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00531-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8777207136154175, "token_count": 905, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__247305895", "lang": "en", "text": "Implant Sciences Corporation (IMSC:OTCBB) develops and commercializes explosives trace detection (ETD) solutions for transportation, critical infrastructure, and ports and borders security, as well as force protection and emergency response.\nFounded in 1984, Implant Sciences has a rich history of developing leading technologies in several markets including: ion implantation services for the semiconductor industry; brachytherapy seeds for prostate cancer treatment; and sophisticated coatings to reduce wear on orthopedic joint replacements.\nBy the end of 2008, as part of the company’s restructuring towards a single business focus, the medical and semiconductor businesses and associated assets were fully divested. The company today is a pure play in global Security, Safety, and Defense (SS&D) markets. The Company's patented technology, used in its flagship product, the Quantum Sniffer™ QS-H150 handheld explosives trace detector, is in use throughout the world. IMSC successfully introduced its first handheld explosive trace detection product in 2003 and has sold more than 1,100 ETD systems, generating over $25 million in revenues. The company is developing products addressing new markets in excess of $2 billion.\nImplant Science Products\nPortable Hand-held Explosives Trace Detector Quantum Sniffer Technology The Quantum Sniffer QS-H150 is a hand-held explosives detector that rapidly detects and identifies trace amounts of a wide variety of military, commercial, and homemade explosives (HMEs). Its innovative design provides operational advantages that make it highly effective in real world detection situations— advantages proven time and again in customer evaluations. The QS-H150 employs a patented heated vortex collector for the simultaneous detection of explosives particulates and vapors, with or without contact and in real-time. It also includes a patented non-radioactive ionization source and a low maintenance, contamination resistant design.\nFeatures & Benefits\n- Automatic, continuous self-calibration:\n- Adjusts automatically to changes in environment\n- No calibration traps\n- No verification traps\n- No dopant\n- Choice of sampling modes:\n- Simultaneous vapor and non-contact particle detection\n- Wipe sampling\n- No reconfiguration required to switch modes\n- Detects and identifies military, commercial, and homemade explosives (HMEs) within seconds\n- Detected substances displayed on built-in screen\n- Ultra-fast clear-down means the QS-H150 is ready for the next sample in seconds\n- One handed operation\n- Low maintenance design delivers low total cost of ownership\n- Non-radioactive ion source eliminates licensing, inspection, transport, and end-of life issues\nDesktop Explosives & Drugs\n• Simultaneously detects explosives & drugs in seconds\n• Automatic internal calibration\n• Easy-to-use touch-screen\n• Non-radioactive ion source\n• Push-button maintenance\n• Rapid clear-down\n• Low total cost of ownership\nImplant Sciences’ Technology\nThe Quantum Sniffer QS-B220 provides fast, accurate detection of trace amounts of a wide variety of military, commercial, homemade explosives, as well as drugs, with unsurpassed ease of use and minimal maintenance requirements. Incorporating Implant Sciences’ patented non-radioactive Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) technology, the QS‑B220 brings new levels of performance and convenience to desktop trace detection users.\nLower Total Cost of Ownership\nOperation and maintenance expenses are extremely low with the QS-B220. Routine maintenance consists of care and cleaning using common supplies and desiccant replacement as required. No radioactive material is used in the QS-B220, so there are no associated certification, licensing, inspection, testing, transportation, or decommissioning costs.\nAccurate and Efficient\nThe Quantum Sniffer performs real-time detection with rapid clear-down. When detection occurs, the QS-B220 provides audio and visual alarm indications, including substance identification, on the integrated high-resolution color touch-screen. Authorized users can also access spectrogram display and analysis, administrative, and diagnostic tools through the easy-to-use interface. Automatic internal calibration prevents errors that could result from an uncalibrated instrument. The QS-B220 monitors its environment and senses changes that would affect its analysis. No user intervention or calibration consumables required", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://birkv.melko-teh.ru/carbon-14-dating-debate-405.html", "date": "2018-04-21T13:20:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945222.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421125711-20180421145711-00219.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9460349082946777, "token_count": 279, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__106949426", "lang": "en", "text": "Carbon 14 dating debate\nConstants and Change There are other limitations in carbon dating too.\nFor example, with a few exceptions, the technique can only be applied to once-living items such as bone, leather, wood, and cloth—not, say, rocks or metal.\nFor example, if a sample emits radiation indicating the presence of 10 carbon-14 atoms and we know from its mass that it originally must have contained 20, that means the plant or animal from which the sample was taken died about 5,730 years ago.\nSo I did a bit of research to fill in the gaps in my understanding, and not surprisingly I found the details to be quite interesting.\nWhen an organism dies, it stops acquiring new carbon-14 atoms.\nGiven that the ratio of carbon-14 atoms to carbon-12 atoms in a living thing is a constant, one can determine the number of each in a sample of organic matter (using sensitive equipment to detect the amount of radiation remaining), and then do a little bit of math to determine how long it’s been since the organism expired.\nMore importantly, though, the accuracy of carbon dating rests on several crucial assumptions.\nFor one thing, the rate of carbon-14 production in the atmosphere (and thus the level of cosmic ray activity) must have been pretty much constant for the past several dozen millennia.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://archipet.blogspot.com/2012/02/challenging-misperceptions-around-clean_29.html", "date": "2018-05-20T15:38:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794863626.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180520151124-20180520171124-00545.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.951533854007721, "token_count": 867, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__114169181", "lang": "en", "text": "Mercury Falling (apologies to Sting)\nYou may have read Emma's incisive comment on my previous post, questioning the relevance of US mercury emissions from power generation to the safety of CFLs here in Britain. I agree! The objective of my post was to put the case that the climate change resulting from (global) greenhouse gas emissions is a much greater threat to our safety than the trace amounts of mercury present in compact fluorescent lamps. However, I used American data that didn't answer the question of how CFLs contribute to mercury pollution in Britain.\nTo put this right, I have examined the mercury emissions arising here in Britain from the Government's Carbon Emissions Reductions Target (CERT) programme, that funded the free distribution and subsidised retail sale of CFLs. Rightly or wrongly, I am excluding any mining and manufacturing emissions of mercury in the production of these bulbs, since that took place outside the UK.\nCompact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) of up to 20 watts contain under 5 milligrams (mg) of mercury, the metal vapour that emits ultra-violet light when the bulb is running. This U-V light excites the white phosphor coating inside the tubes of the CFL, causing the phosphor to fluoresce, and that's how fluorescent lighting works, in a nutshell! The typical quantity of mercury in a modern CFL is around 4mg mercury, commonly described as \"enough to cover the writing tip of a biro\".\nUp to 350 million compact fluorescent lamps were distributed under CERT between 2008 and 2010, containing around 1.4 Tonnes of mercury in total. Each is expected to last up to 10 years and to be recycled appropriately at end of life - in which case there is no mercury leakage from CFLs. In practice, some of these lamps break and many are thrown in the bin when they stop working, releasing their trace of mercury to the environment.\nTo estimate the release of mercury from these 350 million CFLs, I have assumed that (1) 10% of them fail each year, for 10 years, giving an average working life of 5 years, and (2) HALF these CFLs are broken or binned, rather than being recycled properly. In this case, 17.5 million of those CFLs supplied under CERT will be broken each year, for 10 years, releasing around 70 kg of mercury a year to the environment.\nHow does this compare with other sources of mercury emissions here in the UK? The 2009 National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory shows that 7.35 Tonnes of mercury were reported to be released in that year. Some of the sources were: 3.9 T from manufacturing and chemical industries, 1.5 T from cremation and clinical waste incineration, 1.3 Tonnes from power generation and 360kg from landfill.\nSo the amount of mercury released each year from the CFLs distributed under CERT represents just under one percent of the total annual emissions of this toxic metal in Britain. We are all exposed to this pollution, principally through our diets - because mercury enters the foodchain - and particularly if we eat the top marine predators like tuna and swordfish. But the quantities we ingest are minuscule and the risk they present to most of us is, frankly, trivial in comparison with the certain dangers of manmade climate change for us and our descendants.\nWe live in a 4-bedroom detached house. Shockingly, it has around 120 bulbs installed! I first surveyed the energy use of lighting in our home five years ago, when we had 34 energy-saving CFLs and 92 incandescent lights - including halogen lamps. We now have about 80 CFLs fitted and have replaced almost all the remaining incandescent bulbs with clean, bright LED lighting. Our electricity usage has halved over the same period, largely through fitting energy-efficient appliances including lighting.\nI also have a small, medical thermometer containing mercury, that we used to put in our babies' mouths when they were unwell. The thermometer contains 2 - 3 times as much mercury as all the CFLs in my house. I am sad to say that climate change is a far greater threat to my grown-up babies' wellbeing than that thermometer ever was.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.naturallyperfect.com/naturally-perfect-aqua-soluble-iodine-32b.html", "date": "2024-02-29T09:20:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474795.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229071243-20240229101243-00514.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9404006600379944, "token_count": 504, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__25594022", "lang": "en", "text": "A Critical Dietary Component*\nAqua-Soluble iodine is a critical dietary component for those looking to promote total body health. Naturally Perfect’s Aqua-Soluble Iodine has been recognized by many health food stores and nutritionally-aware doctors, and is well known for:\n- Supporting physical and mental development*\n- Supporting optimal thyroid health*\n- Assisting in the production of hormones to help promote metabolism*\n- Helping to restore the electrical balance of your body*\nIodine Depletion in the U.S.\nLike many other trace minerals, iodine once had a natural system to supply and replenish the soil of the earth. Wind carried iodine over the earth from the ocean, and rain deposited the iodine, along with other trace minerals, into the soil. From the soil, they were absorbed by plants, providing nourishment to the animals that ate these plants. Iodine was ultimately transferred to humans, whose diet included both plants and animal products.\nHowever, the amount of iodine in the diet varied depending upon how much iodine was absorbed by the soil. By the early 1900s, wind-borne iodine was depleted by the time it reached the mid-United States. This region became known as the Goiter Belt, and the lack of iodine forced the U.S. government to promote iodine as an essential nutrient to be added to milk and, eventually, salt.\nWhy Our Aqua-Soluble Iodine Avoids Certain Iodides\nIodized salt can only accomplish so much, and certain iodides are not well tolerated by everyone. An excess of potassium or sodium iodide can potentially create heart palpitations, skin rashes, stomach disturbances, and other toxic reactions. Too much potassium or sodium iodide may depress the thyroid and upset the body's delicate electrical balance.\nNaturally Perfect’s Aqua-Soluble Iodine is made from nontoxic iodine ammonium iodide and vegetarian glycerin, and is easily absorbed and assimilated into the body.\n1 fl. oz. or approximately 610 drops\nAqua-Soluble Iodine Suggested Use\nMix 1 drops in 1 ounces of water. Take 1 to 3 times a day or as directed by your health care professional.\n|Servings per container\n|Amount Per Serving\n|* Daily Value (DV) Not Established\nVegetable glycerine, Iodine and Ammonium iodide.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://fasken.azureedge.net/en/faskeninstitute/2021/11/innovation-transport-lourd", "date": "2022-08-17T13:29:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00635.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9132554531097412, "token_count": 314, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__184255589", "lang": "en", "text": "According to results of a recent survey undertaken by Hydrogène Québec and Innovitech, the integration of hydrogen in the heavy haul industry is one of five priority sectors in Québec. This industry trend towards hydrogen as a new type of energy is expanding, as is evidenced by the recent alliance between Cummins and Air Products in producing a new generation of heavy duty trucks powered by hydrogen.\nTo learn more about this recent partnership, the potential of hydrogen use in the heavy haul industry and assistance provided in Québec for those interested in this new type of energy, we invite you to a webinar entitled “Innovation in the Heavy Transportation Sector” on November 2, 2021, presented by Fasken, InnovÉÉ and Hydrogène Québec.\nThis webinar will be hosted by André Turmel, partner and co-leader of the Global Energy Group at Fasken, and presents the following panelists: Marie Lapointe, Executive Director at Hydrogène Québec; Thierry St-Cyr, General Manager at InnovÉÉ; Eric Guter, Vice President at Hydrogen for Mobility Solutions at Air Products; and Mark Jamieson, Senior Director of New Business Development – Electrification at Cummins.\n8:30 a.m.: Opening remarks\n8:35 a.m.: Brief presentation by panelists and joint panel\n9:40 a.m.: Questions from attendees\n9:55 a.m.: Closing remarks\nRegister for this event today.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://cohpro.com/product/dirko-sealing-compound-70ml-2/", "date": "2023-03-29T17:09:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949009.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329151629-20230329181629-00623.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9214556217193604, "token_count": 185, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__285045644", "lang": "en", "text": "Sealant – Elring / Dirko / 70ml\nUniversal sealing compound\nPlease fill in the information along with your question below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.\nThis sealing compound was developed especially to seal oil pans and housing covers.\nDirko Special Silicone (beige) is particularly well suited for sealing surfaces, gaps and cracks on components that are subjected to deformation in operation.\nIn contrast to other silicone sealing compounds, this compound is significantly harder after the vulcanization/curing time.\nThanks to this unique characteristic, the sealant does not tear off the component, even when subjected to heavy dynamic stress.\nOur Part No.\nD1 764 04 A2\n£4.14 (Inc VAT)\n3 in stock", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.tsavoritegreengarnet.com/rhodium-plating", "date": "2019-04-26T10:38:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578765115.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20190426093516-20190426115516-00428.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9221813082695007, "token_count": 128, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__32358952", "lang": "en", "text": "What is Rhodium?\nOf the platinum group metals and the most expensive metal in the world, rhodium is the most widely used material when tarnish prevention is of the highest priority.\nAmong rhodium's desirable properties is it's brilliant white color, high reflectivity, and resistance to incidental surface abrasion. It can be used as a final anti-tarnish finish over silver or nickel items to eliminate short term discoloration as silver typically is found to do. It is especially effective for necklaces and chains where contact with natural oils from the skin can quickly dull most non-gold jewelry items.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://agabeautyboutique.com/product/sesderma-c-vit-liposomal-serum-30ml", "date": "2022-01-18T07:54:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320300805.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220118062411-20220118092411-00364.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8424737453460693, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__10301168", "lang": "en", "text": "Clarify your complexion with the Sesderma C-VIT Liposomal Serum. Supercharged by a saturated dose of Vitamin C, this serum revitalises the complexion, delivering essential nourishment to lacklustre skin. Most importantly, the vitamin enhances your skin’s natural regeneration process, helping to combat signs of ageing by blurring the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Also a powerful antioxidant, this multipurpose vitamin strives to repair and protect your skin, strengthening its natural barrier against harmful environmental aggressors. Specially formulated with nanotechnology, the serum deeply penetrates the pores, providing maximum effectiveness. Working in harmony, this blend revitalises and brightens the skin, restoring elasticity while leaving skin soft and smooth. Transform your skin from dull and dry to plump and radiant with this daily dose of Vitamin C.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://angelusnews.com/local/california/la-county-residents-sue-over-pesticide-company/", "date": "2024-02-22T18:44:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222161802-20240222191802-00418.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9200177192687988, "token_count": 484, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__100161865", "lang": "en", "text": "A pesticide used on rice, sugar cane and grain crops sparked an outcry when it was linked to cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and celiac disease.\nLast month, several Los Angeles county residents filed a class action lawsuit against the Monsanto Corporation alleging that the chemical company is guilty of falsely advertising the product. The plaintiffs are demanding a jury trial.\nThe chemical referenced in the lawsuit is glyphosate, the active ingredient found in the pesticide Roundup. The Monsanto website says the pesticide only “targets an enzyme found in plants but not in people or pets.” The filers call this assertion “blatantly false.”\nGlyphosate targets the enzyme EPSP synthase, which the opponents say is indisputably found in humans — “over one hundred trillion bacteria that produce the targeted enzyme, EPSP synthase, can be found in people,” the plaintiffs state.\n“When we eat crops sprayed with glyphosate, we ingest glyphosate, and detectable qualities accumulate in our tissues,” the plaintiffs write, adding, “Glyphosate has been detected in urine, blood, even breast milk — and 75 percent of rainwater samples.”\nThe gut bacteria affected by the pesticide is responsible for healthy digestion, metabolism and immune system function. “Inability to produce the enzyme spells death for both backyard weeds and gut bacteria.”\nIn crops, glyphosate absorbs directly through the plant leaves, stems, and roots, while “detectable qualities accumulate in plant tissues.\n“Glyphosate works by inhibiting weeds from producing EPSP synthase — and once rendered unable to produce this enzyme — weeds cannot uptake minerals, nor can they make proteins from amino acids, and weeds then starve to death.”\nCrops come into contact with glyphosate a second time when farmers, anxious to accelerate the ripening process, use small amounts of the chemical just before harvest time “to partially starve the crops, which mimics the ‘ripening’ process,” according to documentation submitted to the courts.\nIn March, the World Health Organization declared glyphosate a Group 2A carcinogen. Almost immediately afterwards, The American Cancer Society listed the chemical under the same category.\nTo become a member of the class action lawsuit, residents of California may contact T. Matthew Phillips at [email protected].", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://livingwatershospital.org/service/laboratory-investigation/", "date": "2018-10-22T12:26:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515041.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022113301-20181022134801-00100.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.863144040107727, "token_count": 309, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__69026111", "lang": "en", "text": "At our Laboratory, we are committed to providing laboratory services of optimum quality. We are a full-service laboratory with state-of-the art equipment and reagents as well as well-trained professionals to facilitate proper clinical diagnosis. Our quality control and assessment methods are rigorous and meticulous as we aim to bring our patients world-class clinical laboratory services.\nSome of the Laboratory investigations the hospital is able to conduct include;\n- Biochemistry (Blood Chemistry) like Cholesterol Total, Creatinine Serum, Blood Glucose Fasting and others\n- ROUTINE HORMONAL ASSAY like Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone(LH) and others\n- PROFILES & PACKAGES like Lipid Profile, Liver/Renal Function Test and others\n- HAEMATOLOGY like Full Blood Count(FBC), Blood Grouping & RH Typing and others\n- CLINICAL PATHOLOGHY like Urine complete anaylysis, Semen Analysis, Pregnancy Test and others\n- MICROBILOGY like Grahm Stain-Sputum, AFB Stain- Urine Spot,Giemsa Stain and others\n- CULTURE like Culture Urine, Sterility Checking and others\n- SEROLOGY like Widal, VDRL, HBsAG-RAPID, HCV and others\n- FLUID ANALYSIS, STONE ANALYSIS, INFECTIOUS DISEASES and MANY OTHERS.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.essentialenergy.com.au/content/natural-gas-safety", "date": "2013-12-13T20:14:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164989606/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134949-00030-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9235994815826416, "token_count": 490, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__24788800", "lang": "en", "text": "Natural Gas Safety\nNatural gas is predominantly methane - an odourless, colourless gas that does not become a liquid at normal temperatures. For safety reasons, an odour is added to the gas before it enters your home so that a person with a normal sense of smell can easily detect if any gas is escaping from appliances or piping.\nDownload our Natural Gas Safety brochure\nIf you have a gas leak:\nAbout your gas meter and regulator\n- If you suspect that there is a gas leak on any part of the gas installation then the gas supply should be turned off at the isolating valve, which is a ball valve that is closed when the handle is at right angles to the pipework.\n- If you are unable to turn the gas off at the isolating valve or if, for example, the leak is on the house pipes then the valve at the inlet to the gas meter should be closed.\n- Never use a naked flame to test for a gas leak and remove all sources of ignition. Do not switch on a light or use a mobile phone.\n- In extreme cases, when the gas smell is very strong it may be necessary for you to evacuate the premises, leaving the door and/or windows open to allow the gas to disperse.\n- All leaks should be reported to Essential Energy (or your natural gas retailer if you are not in the Essential Energy area) on 13 20 80.\nYour gas meter measures the quantity of gas delivered and has a regulator to ensure that gas is received at the right pressure for safe and efficient use. Do not damage or adjust the gas meter or regulator in any way. Any defect in the gas meter should be reported to your natural gas retailer immediately.\nTake care to ensure that all gas pipework is not damaged, subjected to any pressure or impact which may deform or pierce it.\nOnly appliances designed to burn natural gas can be connected to the natural gas network. Approved appliances feature an Australian Gas Association badge.\nConnection to the gas mains, as well as the installation of natural gas appliances and equipment, must be done by a gas fitter or gas plumber licensed to the Australian Gas Association standard.\nEssential Energy Emergency Contact\nIf you are experiencing an electricity or natural gas emergency in your home or vicinity, please call our dedicated emergency number on\n13 20 80\n- 24 hours a day, seven days a week.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.franciscapayne.com/En/Index/pageView/catid/79.html", "date": "2024-04-14T07:08:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816875.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414064633-20240414094633-00302.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8553307056427002, "token_count": 419, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__81525849", "lang": "en", "text": "Conch brand fiber cement board, namely autoclaved non-asbestos cellulose fiber cement slab（Cellulose Fiber Cement Sheets,Autoclaved，English abbreviation ACA）, is a green energy-saving board produced by imported virgin pulp fiber, Portland cement, high silica quartz sand, etc. through automated high-tech.The maximum size of the product can reach 1220*4880mm. It is a new type of construction and decoration material that integrates energy saving, environmental protection, fire and flame retardant, good weather resistance and convenient construction.It is widely used in exterior wall insulation decoration, interior wall decoration protection, wall material lining board, ceiling, floor slab, billboard, cabin partition, fire board, furniture partition and post-processing fields such as painting, perforation, embossing, etc.\nThe cement and siliceous material in the raw materials of Conch fiber cement board are autoclaved together, which is no longer a traditional cement board. It inherits the waterproof and anti-corrosion advantages of cement, and overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary cement products that are easy to dry and shrink.At the same time, the board does not contain harmful substances such as asbestos, which is a new type of building material with excellent performance and wide application.\nExcellent product performance makes fiber cement board suitable for many fields such as architectural decoration：External wall insulation decoration system, partition wall (fire protection, sound insulation, etc.) system, ceiling system, floor system, roof system, wall material (board) lining system, real stone paint, UV transfer, sculpture and other subsequent processing fields.\nAnhui Conch Venture New Energy-saving Building Material Co.,Ltd\nBozhou Conch Venture New Energy-saving Building Material Co.,Ltd", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.weightlossmeans.com/weight-loss-without-exercise/how-to-lose-weight-naturally-without-exercise-green-coffee/", "date": "2019-03-21T00:11:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202474.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320230554-20190321012554-00134.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9550586342811584, "token_count": 1347, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__56884244", "lang": "en", "text": "Stay fit, stay healthy and enjoy life. This is the mantra that we all have been brought up with. But how many of us, in today’s times really are able to stay fit and healthy? Everybody knows that in order to be fit and healthy we need to maintain a disciplined lifestyle which includes healthy food, regular exercise, proper sleep etc. But given our busy schedules it is next to impossible to regulate our lifestyles. This results in obesity as we do not burn the calories that we intake. But neither we have time to do regular exercise nor we have adequate knowledge on how to lose weight naturally without exercise.\nObesity in turn leads to multiple other problems like Diabetes, coronary disease, kidney and liver problems, sleep disorders, stress, anxiety, depression to name a few. Hence the trick lies in maintaining our body weight. It is absolutely essential that we wake up to the ill effects of being overweight and take necessary steps to prevent weight gain or lose the extra weight we have already gained ASAP.\nMost of the people do not have time to do exercise. So, the question is, how to lose weight naturally without exercise? While we are well aware of the benefits of healthy food, a well-balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, etc, that ensures we get all the essential nutrients, there are certain foods that have a slight edge over the others and are highly recommended by nutritionists and doctors all over the world. This is because of their anti-oxidant properties that help to curb obesity.\nWhat exactly are anti-oxidants? To know that first we must know what oxidants are. Oxygen, which is essential for all living beings for respiration, can both be a blessing and a curse. The simple act of breathing in oxygen, among humans, results in the formation of molecules which are highly reactive. These are known Free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive and seek to react with other molecules and make the affected molecule a free radical itself. Therefore, a chain reaction starts. Reaction of free radicals with other molecules in the body results in oxidative damage that can cause a wide range of illnesses and diseases like heart diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurological disorder, hypertension and many others. Therefore, neutralization of free radicals is necessary.\nHence we need antioxidants in our bodies to combat the Free radicals. Our bodies naturally produce anti-oxidants to neutralize the Free radicals thereby rendering them harmless to the cells. Antioxidants work at the cellular level benefiting various organs and contributing to our good health. Unfortunately, the anti-oxidants produced in our bodies are not enough to neutralize the free radicals. Hence the need for constant supply of external sources of anti-oxidants through our daily diets. If we know the anti-oxidant generating foods and vegetables and plan our diets accordingly we will be able to find answer to the question how to lose weight naturally without exercise. Also, Green Coffee, Apple Cider Vinegar, etc have been found to be extremely useful in weight loss and prevention of many diseases.\nVegetables like spinach, broccoli, kale, carrots, fruits like pineapples, strawberries, blueberries, grapes, green tea, green coffee beans, sunflower seeds, kidney beans, soya beans, fish like tuna, salmon, mackerel etc are known for their anti-oxidant properties.\nBut one food that answers the question how to lose weight naturally without exercise and has become a rage in the past few years is the Green coffee bean extract. It is touted as a revolutionary break through. Green coffee became famous in 2012 when it was called ‘a magic potion for weight loss’ by Dr. Oz.\nGreen coffee beans are beans that are not roasted. In its pure form the caffeine content is low. Green coffee contains a substance known as Chlorogenic Acid extracted from the rind of the beans which is Mother Nature’s answer to weight loss. According to a very famous study in the Journal of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) in its right concentration causes significant weight loss, lowers food intake and weight gain and tackles other health issues too.\nCGA, with its antioxidant properties, is believed to have an effect on post meal blood sugar levels, boosts metabolism, cuts down on your carb absorption and blocks build up and accumulation of fat all of which aid in weight loss. It also manages stress hormones called cortisols, which helps you to manage your belly fat. As CGA stops making fat, it also stops the production of LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides. The presence of serotonin helps you to sleep better and enhances your mood.\nAccording to a study published in the ‘Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry’ in July 2004, CGA anti-oxidants in green coffee beans could actually stop the growth of four kinds of cancer cells, thus preventing cancer. Research also says that taking supplements of green coffee bean extracts with over 45% of CGA helps lower blood glucose levels along with numerous other benefits.\nGreen coffee bean powder need not be consumed as a hot drink only. Food writer and enthusiast Priyadarshini Nandy suggests, “A good way to enjoy the young flavour of the green bean extract is by making a version of virgin mojito out of it. Crushed ice, juice of half a lime, few sprigs of mint, cane or palm sugar and some of the green coffee extract-all roughly muddled together makes for an excellent daytime drink. And for gym rats, a fresh smoothie to start your day is always a good idea. To make it vegan use something like almond milk, add brewed green coffee, banana, some dates, maybe even a bit unsweetened cocoa powder and a few ice cubes and blend it on high speed. It can give your system a happy boost of energy .” This answers how to lose weight naturally without exercise. However, you will have to be consistent in your effort to lose weight. A sincere and consistent approach will bring success.\nSo if you really want that hourglass figure and want to get a healthy glow on your face that comes from within then go get your green coffee today. Stay fit and enjoy life. Find green coffee at highly discounted rate. Click here.\nSince breakfast as a whole has a very significant role in controlling weight, a separate post titled ‘best weight loss breakfast ideas for Fitness‘ has been published here.\nTo know about weight loss through exercises read our post on easiest weight loss exercises-15 tips.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.futuretrucking.co.za/fuchs-introduces-titan-cargo-maxx-sae-10w-40/", "date": "2022-08-10T21:21:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00485.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8961013555526733, "token_count": 393, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__34716942", "lang": "en", "text": "Fuchs Lubricants Premium Maxx Performance engine oil now includes Fuchs XTL-Technology, specially developed for vehicles with modern exhaust after-treatment systems and turbochargers. It provides ageing stability and improved fuel-economy over the entire drain-interval due to oxidation stability.\n“The improvement in fuel economy over the drain-interval is based on Fuchs XTL technology compared with quality engine oils of the same SAE viscosity grade. It prevents deposits in engines and turbochargers and produces up to 27% lower oil consumption due to XTL while offering longer drain-intervals,” says Fatima Moolla, Product Manager Automotive, Fuchs Lubricants SA.\n“Titan Cargo Maxx 10W-40 low-SAPS guarantees optimum protection for modern diesel particulate filters and catalysts. Due to minimum evaporation loss, oil consumption and turbocharger deposits are significantly reduced.”\n“The new XTL technology offers maximum performance over the entire temperature range and ensures good cold-start properties even at very low temperatures, exceeding conventional UHDP lubricants in versatility and performance.”\n“Because of the extensive performance profile, Titan Cargo Maxx 10W-40 is also suitable for older vehicles. It fulfills all the latest ACEA Ex Specifications in combination with API CJ-4. In addition, the oil is miscible and compatible with conventional branded engine oils,” she says.\n“The oil also provides excellent wear protection even under high operation conditions, covers a wide application profile and is suited to mixed fleets.”\nIt displays high neutralisation behaviour against sour burning residues in combination with the latest Low-SAPS technology and fulfills all latest ACEA Ex specifications (ACEA E9/E7/E6/E4) in combination with API CJ-4 due to the excellent properties of XTL.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://shop.theskinlab.ie/products/elastine-30ml", "date": "2022-05-17T13:23:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662517485.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517130706-20220517160706-00389.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8019593954086304, "token_count": 198, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__298405721", "lang": "en", "text": "Biologique Recherche Line Correcting Serum 30ml\nPlease Login To Purchase\nDeveloped as a powerful anti-wrinkle treatment, Elastine serum stimulates the synthesis of elastin, the protein responsible for the elasticity of skin tissue. It helps smooth out fine lines and wrinkles, and prevent new ones from forming. Skin becomes visibly smoother and tightened.\nHOW TO USE\n- If using for specific areas such as under the eyes, apply 3 drops to the palm.\n- Use the ring finger to apply to the area.\n- Can be used on forehead lines and lips too.\n- Smoothing platform: Marine exopolysaccharide from the Iroise Sea, Hyaluronic acid (low molecular weight)\n- Plumping platform: Elastin fragment, Complex of matrikines\n- Mature skin\nSize Available: 30ml", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://rvtechlibrary.com/engine/coolants.php", "date": "2023-12-10T13:25:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00365.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9417405128479004, "token_count": 2072, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__63760536", "lang": "en", "text": "Library Contents Search the Library RV Tech Library Help Page Site Map About Us Tiffin RV Network TRVN Classifieds Campground Reviews Photo Gallery TRVN Store\nAppliances Batteries Boondocking/Dry Camping Chassis Clubs & Forums Electrical Electronics Engines Exterior Maintenance Generators Heating & Air Conditioning Interior Maintenance Misc Items Operating Tips Plumbing Red Bay Safety & Health Storage Supplier Contacts Tires and Wheel Rims Towing Transmissions Weighing\nCoolants for Diesel Engines\nOne of the most asked questions by RV owners is \"What kind of anti-freeze must I use in my engine?\" In the automotive world this is a fairly easy question to answer. If it's an older vehicle use the \"green stuff\" and if it's newer, use the \"pink stuff\". Except diesel engines have greater cooling requirements than gasoline engines so we need to better understand what these needs are and what types of coolants exist.\nThe original green stuff is Ethylene Glycol anti-freeze, the stuff that's been used for years. Mixing it 50/50 with water will give freeze protection down to -42° and will raise the boiling point to 265° F. Additives will be found in these coolants to inhibit corrosion and lubricate water pump shafts and seals. While the coolant will generally retain it's freeze protection and raised boiling point, these additives will eventually wear out. When this happens, excessive wear on the water pump will occur, you'll see more mineral deposits clogging the radiator core, and corrosion will speed up. For this reason it's recommended to change your coolant every other year under normal driving conditions. Because Ethylene Glycol is highly toxic, a trend has been to use Propylene Glycol in it's place. PG is less toxic if ingested but it's coolant protection will be identical to EG. As a rule PG coolant isn't widely used because it costs more and the only benefit is that it isn't toxic, like EG coolant.\nThe pink stuff was introduced by GM in the late 90s and called Dexcool. This was a \"maintenance free\" coolant purported to have a 5 year lifetime. It was quickly adopted by other manufacturers and is widely available - know as ELC, or Extended Life Coolant.\nSo, what's the difference? The majority of modern coolants is identical, whether the traditional coolant or the Extended Life Coolant (ELC). The boiling and freeze points will remain identical in either. The biggest difference is found in the corrosion inhibitor additives. These additives are a small percentage of the coolant but they play a crucial role in maintaining your cooling system. Traditional coolant uses non-organic corrosion inhibitors, such as silicates, phosphates, and borates. The ELC coolant removes these and replaces them with organic salts. These inhibitors have a greater life span than the traditional inhibitors. That's why the 2 year life expectancy jumps up to 5 years with ELC coolants. Even though the coolants themselves are compatible, the additives are not. Because the chemistry is so different, it's not advisable to mix the two coolants. The additives will not get along all that well and your corrosion protection will suffer. It's best to flush the old coolant out before replacing with the new ELC. In an emergency, coolants can be mixed but be sure to have the system properly serviced when time permits. Some manufacturers have specific requirements so not all ELC coolants are universally accepted by every manufacturer. It's best to look for the \"Global\" ELC coolants because they will be more compatible across vehicle brands.\nWhat about diesel engines? Heavy duty engines, such as diesel engines, require a heavy duty version of coolant. There are three basic types of coolants - automotive, heavy duty, and universal. The biggest difference between automotive and heavy duty coolants is how much aluminum corrosion protection they provide. This is controlled by adding silicates to automotive coolants while a coolant designed for heavy duty applications is low-silicate. A universal coolant will contain enough silicate for automotive use but keep it low enough to allow it to be used in heavy duty applications as well. However, if a low silicate coolant is used in heavy duty applications, Supplemental Coolant Additives (SCAs) need to be added to the mix to provide adequate protection. This is especially important to reduce cavitation in diesel engines.\nCavitation is an important consideration in diesel engines. In order to improve heat transfer, many diesel engines use wet sleeve cylinder liners. This means that the coolant directly contacts the outside of the cylinder liner. These liners tend to vibrate under heavy duty operation. This vibration creates air bubbles that implode against the outer surface of the liner. This process is called cavitation and these bubbles can cause pitting and pin holing that can destroy the cylinder liner. That's why heavy duty coolants require a special nitrite inhibitors, defoamers, and buffers. These additives can be found in a separate container or they may be incorporated into the coolant, in which case it is known as Pre-formulated coolants. The SCA also help to reduce scale deposits in the system and aid in cooling improving heat transfer from the metal parts of the engine.\nCheck your SCA levels every 6 months or 25,000 miles (whichever comes first) to ensure that they are within tolerance. SCA test strips are available from Fleetguard filters, Freightliner dealers, or any other source of truck service or filer sales. If you are not using pre-formulated coolant then you will have to add the proper amount of SCAs at the initial fill. However, these SCAs will deplete over time and you will need to replenish them. If you have a coolant filter, it will be precharged with SCAs. The filter will help to maintain these levels but it won't bring up a \"flat\" system without getting an initial dose at fill up time. Regardless of the method of SCA distribution, pre-formulated, manually added, or SCA filter added, they will eventually wear out over time. Once they are gone you will suffer cylinder liner pitting, scaling, and corrosion.\nPre-formulated Coolant is a great aid to maintaining your cooling system. Two of the most popular coolants are Fleet Charge and various products by Fleetguard, which meet all of the requirements of diesel engine manufacturers. Fleet Charge and the Fleetguard coolants are pre-formulated coolants. It's an Ethylene Glycol based ELC coolant that is a universal coolant and will work in any application. It's SCA additives are reduced variability. In other words the SCAs won't wear out as fast as a non formulated coolant. If you need to add more coolant it is important to use more preformulated coolant in order to maintain the proper levels of SCAs. Either way, you will want to check those SCA levels on a regular basis. You can get them either pre-mixed, with deionized water or as pure coolant which you will need to mix with distilled water.\nProper maintenance of your cooling system's coolant will yield big benefits toward keeping your engine running nice and cool. Regular checking of SCA levels is an important point. Keeping your antifreeze to water ratio at 50/50 will result in the best balance between freeze protection and additive retention. Plus, using distilled water will reduce the amount of mineral in your cooling system. While tap water can be used, it varies greatly in mineral content and that's where a large part of your corrosion and blockage comes from. Also, if you use water that is highly softened, the salt will do a number on your coolant's additives. Stick with distilled water and you'll have less trouble later.\nAddendum of 11/20/06:\nSpartan chassis are being shipped with Final Charge Pre-formulated Coolant. Final Charge is a heavy duty coolant that works in any heavy duty engine. The biggest difference between Final Charge and other pre-formulated coolants is that Final Charge uses organic acid technology (OAT) to derive it's protection. This means that there are no phosphates, borates, nitrates, or silicates in Final Charge. You DO NOT add any SCAs nor do you have to check your SCA levels every 6 months. The coolant is designed for 600,000 miles or 6 years before it needs replacing but you do have to add a Final Charge Extender at 300,00 miles or 3 years. Final charge does not require coolant filters, inhibitors, or SCA additives not does it require monitoring. This appears to be the ideal coolant for an RV. If you have a recent Spartan chassis you should see a decal by the coolant surge tank advising that your unit is filled with Final Charge and warning you to not add any SCAs to the system. Final Charge is approved for Cat, Cummins, MB, or any other diesel engine. If you have trouble finding Final Charge you can also use Fleetguard's OAT coolant, which is compatible with Final Charge. That coolant is Fleetguard's ES Compleat OAT, which was formerly called Optimax. It is identical to Final Charge in that it lasts for 600,000 miles as long as the extender is added at 300,000 miles or 3 years. Generally ES Compleat OAT is more readily available at truck service centers.\nSubmitted by Mark Quasius - 2/21/06\nClick Your browser's \"Back\" button to return to the previous page\nAbsolutely No Affiliation exists between this group and Tiffin Motor Homes Inc or the Allegro Club. This website neither endorses or discourages the use or purchase of a Tiffin product. All references, suggestions, comments, etc. contained herein are the opinions/experiences of the posters and not those of Tiffin Motor Homes Inc. or the website administrators.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://buvef.usn-projects.ru/radiocarbon-14-dating-procedure-246.html", "date": "2021-05-08T01:29:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988831.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508001259-20210508031259-00332.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9522026181221008, "token_count": 406, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__112886506", "lang": "en", "text": "Age determinations can also be obtained from carbonate deposits such as calcite, dissolved carbon dioxide, and carbonates in ocean, lake, and groundwater sources.Cosmic rays enter the earth's atmosphere in large numbers every day and when one collides with an atom in the atmosphere, it can create a secondary cosmic ray in the form of an energetic neutron.\nThe method was developed by Willard Libby in the late 1940s and soon became a standard tool for archaeologists.\nLibby received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1960.\nThe radiocarbon method was developed by a team of scientists led by the late Professor Willard F.\nLibby of the University of Chicago in immediate post-WW2 years.\nThe radiocarbon dating method is based on the fact that radiocarbon is constantly being created in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric nitrogen.\nThe resulting radiocarbon combines with atmospheric oxygen to form radioactive carbon dioxide, which is incorporated into plants by photosynthesis; animals then acquire in a sample from a dead plant or animal such as a piece of wood or a fragment of bone provides information that can be used to calculate when the animal or plant died.\nCarbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 ± 40 years— during the succeeding 5,730 years.\nBecause carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon.\nRadiocarbon decays slowly in a living organism, and the amount lost is continually replenished as long as the organism takes in air or food.\nOnce the organism dies, however, it ceases to absorb carbon-14, so that the amount of the radiocarbon in its tissues steadily decreases.\nAs you learned in the previous page, carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 to find the approximate age of certain objects that are 40,000 years old or younger.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.melboscrapmetal.com.au/we-buy/pvc-cables-and-wires/", "date": "2023-12-10T21:03:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102637.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210190744-20231210220744-00358.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.914580225944519, "token_count": 301, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__280640503", "lang": "en", "text": "Easy Collection and Recycling of PVC Cables & Wires Scrap\nPVC is known for its exceptional properties like insulation and sheathing, and so it is widely used in various industries. However, scrap PVC cables and wire can be detrimental to your health. Moreover, it can even cause substantial damage to the environment.\nContact Melbo Scrap Metal to collect and recycle the scrap. We are specialists in sorting and recycling PVC cables and wire scrap. Being an Australian-owned company, we follow the environmental guidelines to recycle the scrap.\nSince most PVC cables and wire contain a considerable amount of copper, it is considered valuable and fetches reasonable prices in the recycling market.\nWhy Recycle PVC Cables and Wires?\nAs the PVC cables and wires contain a high amount of copper, recycling them becomes essential to prevent excessive mining of copper and further damaging the environment. Besides, PVC compound is manufactured using fossil oil, and so recycling ensures the preservation of natural resources.\nWe recycle PVC cable and wire scrap:\n- Household Cables\n- Copper, Lead, and Aluminium Cables\n- PVC Bright Cables\n- Bus Looms\n- Tinned Cables\n- Low and High-Grade Cables\n- Ethernet (Cat 5) Cable\n- Coaxial Cable\n- Wires from Electrical Appliance\n- Heavy-duty Cable – Twin and Earth\nPlease note: Generally, the price of scrap metals depends on factors like weight and purity.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.victoryroadfarm.com/products/refresh-hand-body-lotion", "date": "2023-05-28T15:38:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644309.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528150639-20230528180639-00294.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.716248095035553, "token_count": 543, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__163716848", "lang": "en", "text": "Scented and enhanced with an exclusive blend of pure essential oils of Lemongrass, Sage, Vetiver, Lavendin, Pine Needle, Atlas Cedar, Jasmine and Cardamom, REFRESH Hand + Body Lotion offers a clean, slightly spicy, invigorating aromatherapy experience through carefully selected plant-based ingredients and the luxurious feel of genuine essential oils.\nREFRESH lotion spreads easily and absorbs fast, providing nourishment in abundance. It soothes dry, sensitive skin and adds plenty of moisture to keep the skin supple, healthy and youthful. A unique formulation of Soy, Jojoba, Coconut and Palm extracts in combination with pure essential oils restores skin's natural balance for radiant health.\n- Pure Plant-Based Ingredients, Cruelty Free\n- No Petroleum Products, Parabens, Synthetic Fragrances, Parfums, Botanical Parfums, Artificial Colors, Formaldehyde or Sodium Lauryl Sulfate.\n- Now available in 8 oz. and 12 oz. recyclable bottles.\n- One of Jim's favorites! This is a great lotion for all to enjoy.\n- Use with REFRESH Hand + Body Wash and/or REFRESH Shower Bombs for an even more enhanced aromatherapy experience.\nIngredients: Water (Aqua), Aloe barbadensis Leaf Juice, Vegetable Glycerin, Stearic Acid, Myristyl Myristate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Glyceryl Stearate, Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba) Seed Oil, Butyrospermum parkii (Shea) Butter, Cetyl Alcohol, Cymbopogon flexuous (Lemongrass) Oil, Salvia officinalis (Sage) Oil, Vetiveria zizaniodes (Vetiver) Oil, Lavendula burnati (Lavendin) Oil, Pinus palustris (Pine Needle) Oil, Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Cedar) Oil, Jasminum sambac (Jasmine) Oil, Eliteria cardamomum (Cardamom) Oil, Carbomer, Calendula officinalis Flower Oil, Phenoxyethanol, Passiflora edulis (Passion Fruit) Seed Oil, Oryza sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Euterpe oleracea (Acai Palm) Fruit Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.trinityguardion.com/trinity/", "date": "2013-05-24T21:18:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705069221/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115109-00074-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9009833931922913, "token_count": 354, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__120227885", "lang": "en", "text": "|.Features | Laundering|\nThe Trinity Bed Protection System is a launderable antimicrobial cover, designed to make bed surfaces cleaner for every person every time. This cleanliness is delivered in two ways:\nThe first layer of protection: LAUNDERABILITY\nThe Trinity Bed Protection System is constructed to be laundered to the CDC standard. This process of mechanical action, dilution, heat and chlorine eliminates 99.99% of microorganisms, while high-heat drying helps kill off residual bacteria and spores.\nThe second layer of protection: ANTIMICROBIAL\nThe face of the fabric contains silver ions encapsulated in ceramic carriers built into a polymer matrix to deliver an antimicrobial effect. Unlike previous silver ion applications that become ineffective after laundering, the silver ions remain intact and effective throughout regular washings in commercial laundries. The intent of the silver is reduce bio- burden while the patient is on the surface however the cover is intended to be laundered after each patient is discharged. The antimicrobial feature of the Trinity Bed Protection System removes 99.99% of bacteria from the surfaces it covers – including both the mattress AND the bed deck.\nThe Trinity Bed Protection System is available in numerous designs to fit almost all makes and models of hospital beds and stretcher. And because the launderable system eliminates blood and Betadine® stains, it makes even the oldest beds have a fresh, clean appearance. See detailed features of The Trinity Bed Protection System here>>\nProtect your assets, fight infection-causing microorganisms and return rooms to a state of renewed cleanliness, all without exposing patients to potentially harmful residual chemicals – as your medical representative about The Trinity Bed Protection System, or contact us here to learn more.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130824/GJNEWS_01/130829606/-1/FOSNEWS0101&template=DoverRegion", "date": "2015-01-31T19:00:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120928902.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124173528-00177-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8829082250595093, "token_count": 323, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__25638452", "lang": "en", "text": "Hazardous waste collection set for Sept. 21\nDOVER — A Household Hazardous Waste Collection Day will take place for the communities of Dover, Rollinsford, Lee, and Madbury on Saturday, Sept. 21, from 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m.\nAccording to the Environmental Protection Agency, reducing and recycling household hazardous waste helps conserve resources and energy that would have otherwise been needed in the production of more products. Proper disposal also aids in preventing pollution that could harm human health and the environment.\nCollections will be held at the Dover Community Services Garage on 271 Mast Road and proof of residency is required. The collection is for residents only, not businesses.\nThe following hazardous household chemicals will be collected for safe disposal: bathroom cleaner, disinfectants, furniture and metal polish, mothballs, oven cleaner, photo chemicals, rug cleaner, wood strippers, brush cleaner, corrosives, paint/stain/finish (lead and oil-based), rust preventive, solvents, thinner/turpentine, wood preservatives, acids, car waxes/polish, creosote, driveway sealers/tar, flea powder, gasoline, radiator flush, roofing tar, fertilizer with pesticides, fungicides, insect spray, lighter fluid, pest strips/traps, pesticides, poisons, and pool chemicals.\nThe following items are prohibited: Empty containers, new or used antifreeze or oil, latex paints, explosives, and asbestos.\nFor more information call Dover Community Service at (603) 516-6073.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://catela.com.au/product/bracelet/", "date": "2022-08-11T22:56:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00531.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8892524242401123, "token_count": 143, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__52670872", "lang": "en", "text": "Tadelakt is an ancient craft tradition originating from Morocco. This exquisite decorative finish allows you to create stone, marble like finishes for walls, bathrooms, furniture, sculptures, art pieces, basins, bathtubs and showers. Tadelakt’s key feature is its seamless finish. This is achieved by compressing the lime plaster, then polishing it with a river stone. A black olive soap is then applied, causing a natural chemical reaction with the lime plaster. This creates a layer of calcium stearate and produces a very hydrophobic waterproof surface. Tadelakt is 100%. natural eco-friendly, breathable material, that creates an earthly calming ambiance.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://probeauty.co.za/cosmetic%20drone.htm", "date": "2018-05-24T13:39:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866326.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524131721-20180524151721-00019.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8815723657608032, "token_count": 398, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__64574395", "lang": "en", "text": "ENTRANCE POLICY: Professional Beauty is reserved for trade and professional visitors only. Due to the professional nature of the event, babies and children under 16 cannot be admitted.\nThe era of cosmetic drones is here02 May 2018Premium Greek skincare brand, Juliette Armand, is utilising cosmetic drones in its anti-ageing and body products to deliver active ingredients to specific skin cells.Say the experts at Juliette Armand: “Our cosmetic drone technology uses ligands to act as navigators to lead the drone capsule to target cells and bind to their receptors. This results in the penetration of the active components into the epidermis.” They note that three types of skin cells are targeted – fibroblasts (for anti-ageing), skin neurons (for a botox-like effect) and adipocytes (for body slimming). In terms of the encapsulation of the active ingredients, Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-50 is targeted at fibroblasts, Cu-Palmitoyl Heptapeptide-14 at the fibroblasts of the eye area, Palmitoyl heptapeptide-52 at skin neurons and Coccoloba uvifera fruit extract at adipocytes. “Thus, polymers (i.e. the polymer base of the active ingredients) penetrate the epidermis easily due to their small size (i.e. 220nm) and then the navigators / ligands choose the target cells. Navigators are linked to targets and the polymers penetrate the target cells via endocytosis. Once the polymers penetrate, they break down and release the active ingredients,” explains the Juliette Armand team.Some of the brand’s products that utilise cosmetic drone technology are Chronos Hydra Correct Cream; Opsis Eye Cream; Thavma Hydra Lifting Cream; and Schema Body Sculpt Total Tech.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2005/10/another_nobel_for_caltech.php", "date": "2021-11-29T21:11:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358842.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20211129194957-20211129224957-00349.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9614335298538208, "token_count": 137, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__67039304", "lang": "en", "text": "Organic chemist Robert Grubbs won the 2005 Nobel Prize in chemistry this morning, sharing the prize with another American and a French researcher. Says Caltech:\nGrubbs and this year's other two winners were cited specifically \"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis.\" Metathesis is an organic reaction in which chemists selectively strip out certain atoms in a compound and replace them with atoms that were previously part of another compound. The end result is a custom-built molecule that has specialized properties, such as better drugs for the treatment of disease, or better electrical conducting properties for specialized plastics.\nThat's Nobel number thirty-two for Caltech.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.praterindustries.com/industries-served/chemical-processing/", "date": "2023-12-03T10:28:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100499.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203094028-20231203124028-00009.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.914128303527832, "token_count": 553, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__277293650", "lang": "en", "text": "Prater Industries provides chemical processing equipment and systems for companies around the world to create customized manufacturing solutions, including chemical manufacturing. Prater offers some of the highest quality chemical processing equipment in the industry, capable of withstanding the most toxic of chemicals. Our customers consist of leading companies within the chemical industry, including BASF, Borden Chemical, DOW, and DuPont. We work to assist them in maintaining and increasing their efficiency and productivity by streamlining their processes. We do this by incorporating specialized chemical processing equipment into their manufacturing systems, providing a variety of customized solutions that offer manufacturers unparalleled reliability and durability.\nIndustries Prater serves that utilize chemical manufacturing processes include:\n- Recreation industry (including golf clubs, playground apparatus, exercise equipment, ski poles, etc.)\n- Oil and gas industry (including piping, pipelines, valves, gas pumps, etc.)\n- Motor vehicle industry (including filters, motorcycles, door handles, windshield wipers, steering wheels, suspension systems, radiators, braking systems, luggage racks, mirror brackets, vehicle chassis, etc.)\n- Lawn and garden equipment fabrication industry (including lawnmowers, snowblowers, barbecue grills, garden tools, wheelbarrows, patio furniture, shovels, etc.)\n- HVAC industry (including heaters and heating systems, air conditioners, ventilation ducts, etc.)\n- Healthcare industry (including medical devices, wheelchairs, surgical instruments, etc.)\n- Electronics industry (including motor housings, connectors, lighting fixtures, computers, telecommunications equipment, transformers, etc.)\n- Construction industry (including cranes, earth-moving equipment, forklifts, etc.)\n- Architectural industry (including components for facades, bathroom fixtures, metal doors, signage, structural steel, mailboxes, windows, shutters, etc.)\n- Appliance industry (including refrigerators, gas and electric ranges, microwave ovens, dishwashers, water heaters, washing machines, dishwashers, etc.)\n- Agricultural industry (including grain and feed storage systems, tractors, trailers, plows, etc.)\nMany other products utilize chemical manufacturing to increase the durability and lifespan of their products, such as fire extinguishers, water pipelines, satellite dishes, and fire hydrants.\nChemical Processing Equipment\nPrater works within our customers’ budgets while also ensuring our equipment meets their needs. Our chemical processing equipment is used globally by companies both small and large.\nPrater Industries solutions for chemical processing include:\n- Classification & Separation\n- Feeding/Metering/Rotary Airlocks\n- Particle Size Reduction\n- System Design & Integration\n- Toll Processing\nOur chemical processing equipment includes:", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.outdoor-spirit.co.uk/waterproof-fabrics", "date": "2021-10-16T06:20:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323583423.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016043926-20211016073926-00394.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.932956337928772, "token_count": 300, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__291938379", "lang": "en", "text": "Get Dr Martens boots from Dumfries' No.1 Outdoor Shop\nEveryone should have \"waterproofs\" for wet outdoor conditions and we now expect modern waterproof outdoor clothing to be \"breathable\". Waterproof breathability can be achieved during garment manufacture in one of two ways:\nA polyurethane coating is applied to the fabric. This will allow water vapour to be transmitted through the molecular chain to the outside edge where external water, such as rain, is repelled. This is referred to as a \"hydrophilic\" coated fabric.\nHydrophilic means that the coated side of the fabric draws water through the coating. Hydrophilic = water-loving.\nSome hydrophilic-coated fabrics are also fluorocarbon proofed to enable water droplets to bead on the outside edge, and then literally run off. This will prevent the fabric from \"wetting out\".\nIf a garment wets-out, it will appear as though the water is soaking or saturating the fabric.This can block the path of escaping water vapour.Fluorocarbon is known as \"hydrophobic\", or water-hating.\n2. Waterproof membranes\nGore-Tex is the most widely used and globally recognised breathable, waterproof membrane.\nHowever this doesn't suit all types of outdoor clothing so there are waterproofing agents that can be applied to garments to give them or help maintain waterproofing and breathability.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://www.atrium-uk.com/training/health-and-safety/bsc-level-2-principles-of-coshh/", "date": "2023-09-23T21:39:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506528.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923194908-20230923224908-00132.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9304807782173157, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__74847355", "lang": "en", "text": "What you need to know\nThis one day course (typically 09:00 – 16:00) is designed for all employees who use substances that may be hazardous to health at work. It introduces students to substances, the risks and controls available. It also outlines what to expect from a control of substances hazardous to health (COSHH) assessment. The qualification will prepare employees to contribute to the safer use and storage of hazardous substances in their workplaces.\nAssessment is done by a multiple choice test paper.\nThe course covers the following topics:\n- Definition and types of substances hazardous to health in the workplace\n- Health effects of hazardous substances and their causes\n- COSHH assessments and control options\n- Responsibilities imposed by the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://en.mbiotechnology.com/technology", "date": "2024-04-15T09:15:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816954.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415080257-20240415110257-00612.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9130762815475464, "token_count": 961, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__198305439", "lang": "en", "text": "Our Core Technologies\nWe discovered glycolipid-antigens specific to the mycoplasma membrane, and have succeeded in the synthesis of antibodies at a commercial scale.\nM Bio Technology holds international patents for this core technology (substance patents and vaccine manufacturing patents)\nDiscovery of an antigen specific to the membrane structure of mycoplasma bacteria\nSince mycoplasma are the smallest of bacteria, it has not been possible to identify a specific antigen on its cell membrane. However, building on more than 30 years of research, we have finally discovered glycolipid-antigens that are specific to mycoplasma membranes.\nWe succeeded in structural analysis and chemical synthesis of the antibody\nWith extensive research and joint projects, we fully identified the structure of the glycolipid-antibodies and have succeeded in optimizing the chemical synthesis of antibodies for high quality large-scale productions.\nThis novel discovery alters the prospective path to diagnosis (MID Prism), therapeutics and prevention (including vaccine development) for Mycoplasma Infections Diseases.\n[Key Publications - see also publication]\nAbout Our Portfolio\nDiscovery of glycolipid-antigens specific to the mycoplasma membrane, and successful chemical synthesis of the antibody at a commercial scale.\nMID Prism (Diagnosis)\n\"Mycoplasma lipid antigen\" was originally discovered by M Bio Technology and successfully synthesized. We have already established an antigen-antibody test method to measure IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody titers individually.\nThe diagnostic method based on the antigen-antibody reaction (ELISA method) of mycoplasma has been established for a long time, but its sensitivity has never been high. This is because the antigen used in the test kit uses cell membranes and peptides extracted from natural mycoplasma. The test is composed of a « non-uniform material system » and the test accuracy is limited. After 30 years of research, M Bio Technology has successfully identified and chemically synthesized a mycoplasma-specific lipid antigen (glocolipid-antigen) and patented it. The \"mycoplasma lipid antigen antibody test\" that we have developed is chemically synthesized. It uses high fidelity antigens guaranteeing extremely high uniformity and reproducibility. Although limited to Japan, this diagnostic method has already been used at designated institutions. This method can measure the presence or absence of two types of mycoplasma infection, mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma fermentas .\nWe have established vaccine technology using \"mycoplasma pseudoparticles\", which are chemically synthesized with the exact same antigen as the natural mycoplasma lipid antigen\nFor the first time in the world, we are developing a new concept vaccine that has high therapeutic and preventive effects on mycoplasma infection which has been tested for safety. Mycoplasma mimic particles, which are chemically synthesized glycolipid antigens (glycolipid-antigen) present on the cell membrane, are administered into the body to promote an immune reaction and produce antibodies. In addition to this prophylactic process of obtaining immunity against infectious diseases, immuno-therapy-like applications that induce monoclonal antibodies to be used as therapeutic agents in bioreactors are being developed together with pharmaceutical companies. M Bio Technology holds a series of patents for identification of chemically identified glycolipid antigens, chemical synthesis, and production of simulated mycoplasma particles. In addition to joint development, M Bio Technology is also negotiating license out.\nWe have also succeeded in producing a monoclonal antibody specific to mycoplasma by further developing the MID vaccine technology. We are continuing to develop the world's first antibody drug for mycoplasma.\nWe are developing the basic technology to obtain a large amount of monoclonal antibody by introducing artificially synthesized \"mycoplasma mimicking particles\" into a bioreactor. We have already completed the production of antibodies for mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma fermentas , and characterized the antibody production mechanism. In the future, we will carry out joint development and clinical trials with pharmaceutical companies with the aim of having the world's first antibody drug for mycoplasma infection approved.\nAbout Our Portfolio\nCEO presentation on BIO-Europe Spring Digital", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://wandafulherbs.com/product/topical-soothing-cream-1000mg/", "date": "2020-10-26T03:15:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107890273.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026031408-20201026061408-00350.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8545987010002136, "token_count": 966, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__35369122", "lang": "en", "text": "No upcoming events\nAdd Sea Moss To Your Mornings!\nInfused with Organic coconut oil, argan oil, shea butter, full-spectrum hemp extract and 10+ botanicals.\nOur Natural Body Cream absorbs on contact leaving skin feeling soft, smooth and hydrated.\n- Leaves skin feeling smooth never greasy\n- Multiple cannabinoids\n- Naturally soothing ingredient profile\n- May lessen skin inflammation\n- Keeps skin hydrated and moisturized\n- May increase antioxidant activity and reduce free radical damage\n- May support skin healing and protection\n- May reduce signs of aging (wrinkles, lines, scars, damage)\n- May improve skin health and appearance\nCANNABINOID PROFILE: Full Spectrum\nEndocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors are present in our skin cells. Dysregulation of the ECS is thought to be associated with a variety of dermatological disorders.CBD also has potent antioxidant effects, which means it can neutralize the free radicals that cause oxidative stress and contribute to the aging process. Research has also shown that CBD has anti-microbial effects.\nKEY INGREDIENT PROFILE:\nCocos Nucifera oil or coconut oil is rich in fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins that actively fight the free radicals that cause cellular damage. Fatty acid content is in its hydrogenated form. Cocus Nucifera Extract is widely used in natural skincare and beauty products because when topically applied coconut has a moisturizing effect and prevents water loss. Research and anecdotal evidence show coconut oil may have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that help soothe inflammation.\nArgan oil is the oil expressed from the kernels of the argan tree. When used in cosmetics and personal care products, Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil functions as skin-conditioning agents. An oil rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin E and other vital nutrients. It nourishes and protects elasticity and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.\nShea Butter has been used by the indigenous peoples of West Africa to not only restore, soothe and protect their skin but also to treat inflammation, rashes, dermatitis, and irritated skin thanks to its excellent healing properties. Studies of shea butter enriched triterpene esters indicate potential epidermal protection and revitalization of the skin.\n*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.\nCool Relief Roll-On 1000mg$66.49Add to cart\nOriginal Hemp Cool Relief CBD Roll-On can be used any time of day – whether you want to soothe aching muscles after a morning workout, ease body discomfit during a long workday, or get targeted relief before bed – we know our Cool Relief roll-on is the perfect solution to getting you back to the comfortable, active life you want. Infused with Full Spectrum Hemp Extract, Menthol Crystals, Capsicum, Organic Aloe Leaf Juice & 20 Natural Botanicals. Robust Full Spectrum Cannabinoid Profile Great for Daily Use Non-Psychoactive USA Grown and Manufactured 3rd Party Tested 2018 Farm Bill Compliant Vegan Gluten-Free Paraben-Free Ingredients:Organic Aloe Leaf Juice*, Meadowfoam Seed Oil, Menthol Crystals*, Capsicum Fruit Oleoresin*, White Camphor Bark oil*, Sweet Basil Leaf oil*, Black Pepper Oil, Roman Chamomile Flower Oil, Full Spectrum Hemp Extract*, Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol*, German Chamomile Flower Oil, Cinnamon Leaf Oil*, Cintronella Oil*, Eucalyptus Leaf Oil, Helichrysum Flower Oil*, Ginger root oil, Pink Grapefruit peel oil, Juniper Berry Oil, Lemongrass oil, Peppermint Oil, Pine Needle Oil, Ravensara Oil, Rosemary Leaf Oil, Spearmint Oil, Wild Oregano Oil, Glycerin, Witch Hazel Water, Organic Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Triethanolamine, Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended …\nSign up for Consultations\nCall to schedule (770)-696-6930\nWe offer virtual and in-person consults to assist you in coming up with an individualized protocol to meet your health goals.\n60 Minutes Health Assessment\nOnline 24 hours\nOn all order over $35\nRibbon Cutting Ceremony\nBest in store experience since covid started\nWanda listened to my issues without judgement and made me feel good.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://derkleinesalon.at/products/pure-nailpolish-ami", "date": "2020-01-25T05:37:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251669967.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125041318-20200125070318-00271.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.843627393245697, "token_count": 312, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__92626586", "lang": "en", "text": "PURE Nailpolish Ami\nBio-based nail polish.\nContaining 84% plant-sourced natural ingredients and enriched with starflower oil and plant keratin, Ami is eco-friendly and nail-friendly. What’s more, this polish boasts an intense raspberry colour and a 100% vegan formula. You and Ami will be BFFs!\nThis nail polish keeps it green with its eco-friendly, 10-free formula containing 84% bio-based ingredients. Smooth coverage, glossy shine and up to five days of colour - providing you let it dry fully before putting your jacket on! Au revoir petrochemical solvents and bonjour plant-based replacements! Nailmatic's PURE color range uses solvents derived from renewable, natural origin raw materials such as potato, maize, cotton and wheat. In addition to this, the PURE color range is also free from paraben, toluene, dibutyl phthalate, formaldehyde, xylene, styrene, camphor, resin of formaldehyde, benzophenone-1 and nanoparticles. Vegan-friendly and cruelty-free. Made with pride in France.\nContent: 8 ml / 0.27 fl. oz.\nColor: Raspberry Pink\nSoon in stock again!\nPreis inkl. MwSt., zuzügl. Versand\nPrice incl. VAT, plus delivery\nis back-ordered. We will ship it separately in 10 to 15 days.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://sugarwars.org/product/b-fresh-inc-cinnamon-gum-100-gum/", "date": "2018-01-20T15:22:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889660.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120142458-20180120162458-00564.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9240906834602356, "token_count": 372, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__217611512", "lang": "en", "text": "B-FRESH Gum and Mints dramatically revolutionize the breath-freshener market. Breath fresheners that are available to the consumer today are basically designed to mask the odor of bad breath by covering the problem with a strong flavor. B-FRESH Products naturally alter the pH levels in your mouth so that bacteria that cause tooth decay, plaque and bad breath are eliminated. B-FRESH Products contain no sugar, salt or preservatives. The patented formula combining zylitol, calcium and B-12 vitamins enables B-FRESH to out perform any breath product on the market today. The Cool Taste of Xylitol Xylitol has a negative heat solution and this causes a very pleasant cooling effect when it dissolves in the mouth. This gives xylitol a taste edge over sugar and other polyol sweeteners. The effect is particularly well illustrated in B-FRESH gum & mints. Naturally Sweet Xylitol is a naturally-occurring sugar substitutes. It is found in many fruits and vegetables and is even produced by the human body itself. Commercially, Xylitol is made from xylan rich hemi-cellulose sources such as birch and other hardwoods. Xylitol is the sweetest of all bulk sugar substitutes. It is just as sweet as sucrose, tastes as good and has no after-taste. Xylitol has 40% less calories than sugar and for this reason, a caloric value of 2.4 kcal/g is accepted for nutritional labeling in the EU and the US.\nNaturally eliminates bacteria causing tooth decay, plaque and bad breath\nTasty cinnamon flavor without sugar, salt or preservatives\nVegan, Gluten Free, GMO Free and Soy Free\nSweetened with 100% Xylitol\nExcellent Source of Water Soluble Calcium", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://smallandwild.com/pages/ingredients-information", "date": "2023-10-03T23:44:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511284.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003224357-20231004014357-00676.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6693890690803528, "token_count": 140, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__79505926", "lang": "en", "text": "Magnesium Sulphate (Epsom) Salt, Maris Sal (Dead Sea and Himalayan) Salts, Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride (Fractionated Coconut Oil), Anthemis Nobilis (Camomile) Flower Oil, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Oil, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Linalool, Geraniol, Limonene, Citronellol\nStore in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight and keep out of reach of children. If any irritation occurs discontinue use. Do not consume. Suitable for use from 3yrs old.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://www.leapzipblog.com/blog/read/394744/research-report-explores-the-global-coating-additives-market-size%2C-status-and-forecast-2018-to-2027/", "date": "2019-10-21T19:52:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987787444.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20191021194506-20191021222006-00513.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.936147153377533, "token_count": 845, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__63646150", "lang": "en", "text": "August 29, 2019 by Steve Blade\nThe Fact.MR report on coating additives market is aimed at helping readers with a complete understanding of coating additives market and the application areas of coating additives, with useful conclusions about every application area of coating additives market. Fact.MR analysis on coating additives market is an amalgamation of both secondary and primary techniques, offering information on both historical as well as futuristic growth prospects of coating additives market. The data collected in both the research phases for coating additives market have been closely analyzed and included with cent percent credibility for fuelling viable business expansion in coating additives market.\nThe Fact.MR research study on coating additives market provides ground-breaking insights on the coating additives market, which equips the readers with the ability to make fact-based decisions to expand in coating additives market. The report on coating additives market elaborates on the growth prospects, untapped opportunities, and overarching trends pushing transformations in the coating additives market. The report on coating additives market presents unmatched and unbiased information on the coating additives market landscape, which helps the readers with investment-making ideas.\nRequest Free Sample Report Here: https://www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=2427\nChapter 1 – Coating Additives Market Executive Summary\nChapter 2 – Coating Additives Market Overview\nChapter 3 - Coating Additives Market Associated Indicators Assessment\nChapter 4- Coating Additives Market Demand Supply Outlook\nCoating Additives Market Remains a Consolidated Landscape\nThe report also indicates that innovative products such as multifunctional additives, silicone based additives, and green coating additives are expected to witness a spike in demand, giving a major boost to the overall growth of coating additives market. According to the research study, product developments and technological innovations remain the key facets boosting the bottom lines of companies operating in the market space. Moreover, moderate pricing and diverse product portfolio are anticipated to be the major factors driving the industry over the foreseeable future.\nAccording to the Fact.MR study, the coating additives market remains a consolidated landscape and portrays the reign of leading players with strong product portfolios. The tier 1 players in the coating additives market have been identified to hold approximately 45-50% revenue share and remain highly focused on go-to market strategies aimed for reaching out to the customer segments in a much more efficient manner.\nDemand for Rheology Additives Proliferates, Need for Enhancing Properties of Formulation-based Products Providing a Fillip\nRheology modifiers are used across multiple industries, notably cosmetics and paints. They are widely used for scaling up system viscosity – and thereby ameliorating crucial aspects such as storage stability and film thicknesses.\nThe demand for rheology additives is witnessing a spike as manufacturers focus on making quality upgrades, such as making fluids less prone to dripping, upgrading their textural profiles, and extending their shelf life.\nFlow behavior remains one of the most important and highly-valued features in case of coating compositions, which is immensely taken care of by the rheology additives. With flow behavior of coating compositions having deep-rooted influences on their application and film formation, the demand for rheology additives is foreseen to rev up by a notable margin.\nCoating Additives Market- Additional Questions Answered\nThe research study on coating additives market answers addresses vital questions related to the coating additives market scenario, aiding market players of coating additives to frame appropriate business strategies to build a stronger presence in the coating additives market. Apart from addressing all the vital concepts instrumental for determining the growth potential of coating additives market, some of the additional questions answered in the coating additives market report include-\nHave Any Query?? Ask Our Industry Expert:\nFact.MR is a fast-growing market research firm that offers the most comprehensive suite of syndicated and customized market research reports. We believe transformative intelligence can educate and inspire businesses to make smarter decisions. We know the limitations of the one-size-fits-all approach; that's why we publish multi-industry global, regional, and country-specific research reports.\n11140 Rockville Pike\nRockville, MD 20852", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "https://dhabroad.com/natural-products/klean-hand-sanitizer-crisp-lavender/", "date": "2020-11-01T01:34:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107922746.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20201101001251-20201101031251-00108.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9043667316436768, "token_count": 457, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__208732717", "lang": "en", "text": "Klean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender\nKlean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender is a natural, antiseptic sanitizer infused with essential oils to protect your skin, not dry it out.\nThis hand sanitizer use no toxic ingredient and leaves your hands feeling soft and moisturized. The Crisp Lavender scent is a customer favorite and is gentle enough for the entire family to use throughout the day.\n- Fights 99.9% of common germs\n- Shields hands from germ-based infection\n- Formulated with essential oils and Vitamin E\n- Sulfate Free\n- Paraben Free\n- Cruelty Free\nAlthough Klean + manufactured hand sanitizer long before the recent pandemic, their recent batches are also formulated to fight COVID-19, with government approved ingredients.\nKlean + Hand Sanitizer Ingredients\nKlean + Hand Sanitizer Crisp Lavender uses food grade pure ethanol. Though this is four times the cost, it makes sure that your hand sanitizer doesn’t have any hidden toxins that may be found in non-pure ethanol. In conclusion, you can be sure that Klean + is better for your hands and better for your family.\n- 67% Food Grade Ethyl Alcohol\n- Aqua (water)\n- Lavender Oil\n- Eucalyptus Oil\n- Rosemary Oil\n- Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride\n- Vegetable Glycerine\nKlean + essential oils are of the best quality due to strict processing and using high quality ingredients. Every bottle of sanitizer goes to support local sustainable jobs in the USA and Vietnam.\nKlean + have a passion about healthy living. Above all, they set out to create natural antiseptic hand sanitizers that smell great, have therapeutic properties due to therapy grade essential oils and are moisturizing enough for repetitive daily use.\nShop more Healthy Options for Total Health\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated these statements. These following products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.\nThis page contains affiliate links. See the full advertising disclosure here.", "domain": "chemistry"}
{"url": "http://trisoplast.nl/", "date": "2017-04-23T17:50:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118740.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00205-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8749467134475708, "token_count": 227, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__218036019", "lang": "en", "text": "Trisoplast: the innovative mineral barrier for environmental protection and waterproofing\nThe understanding and need for environmental protection plays an increasingly important role world-wide. Effective sealing systems with high lifetime expectations are required to protect our ground water, air and soil.\nTrisoplast ® is a patented mineral barrier consisting of a mixture of sand and a special bentonite clay - polymer component. It is used to build\nrobust isolation layers with an extremely low permeability. These layers have\nsealing properties like the highest quality of clay, shear strength like sand, a\nchewing-gum like flexibility and the high durability of its mainly natural\nmineral components improved by modern polymer technology. In addition to being\nused for normal water insulating purposes, the flexible Trisoplast mineral\nbarrier is used for a wide range of applications to prevent contaminated water\nfrom entering the environment.\nTrisoplast is mainly used in 4 different segments:\n- Landfills, Remediation and Mining\n- Infrastructure and Construction\nSupplying the best mineral barrier in the world, all over the world", "domain": "chemistry"}