By Jason Chlapek
Polk County experienced freezing temperatures Monday night and Tuesday morning.
For the first time in the fall season, temperatures in parts of Polk County were at 32 degrees Fahrenheit or below. The low for Polk County was 27 degrees in between Dallardsville and Livingston in the eastern portion of the county.
“This was our first freeze warning for the fall season,” Polk County Emergency Management Director Courtney Comstock said.
According to Comstock, a freeze warning is put in place when expectations of a freezing temperatures are projected. Much of the region was projected to have freezing temperatures Monday night and Tuesday morning, according to the Houston/Galveston Weather Forecast Office.
Livingston was projected to have a low of 29 Monday night, while Lufkin was projected for a low of 26.


Severe Summer Weather Awareness Week
WHEREAS, severe summer storms can cause damaging winds, hail, tornadoes, wildfires, flash flooding, hazardous materials releases and power outages, and have the potential to cause serious property damage, injury and death; and
WHEREAS, experience has demonstrated that a well informed and prepared public can better cope with and survive life threatening severe summer storms; and
WHEREAS, individuals, families, schools and businesses in North Dakota are encouraged to develop a disaster plan identifying protective actions to follow when severe weather strikes; and
WHEREAS, the National Weather Service and the North Dakota Department of Emergency Services are collaborating with local emergency managers, state, local and tribal officials, volunteer agencies and businesses to inform and educate the public on preparation for potential severe weather hazards and disasters this summer may bring; and
WHEREAS, North Dakotans are encouraged to become informed of available community programs and warning systems, including outdoor siren warnings, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration all-hazard radios, the emergency alert system, and other radio and television warning broadcasts, along with Community Emergency Response Team training and Storm Ready recognition for their communities.
NOW, THEREFORE, as Governor of the State of North Dakota, I do hereby proclaim April 30 - May 4, 2012, SEVERE SUMMER WEATHER AWARENESS WEEK in the state of North Dakota.


Greenfleet - Planting Trees for Carbon Offset
Greenfleet is a non-profit organization that has planted more than 8.7 million native trees in Australia to restore forests and offset carbon emissions. As their forests grow, the native trees capture carbon pollution from the atmosphere, provide vital habitat for native wildlife, and conserve biodiversity. Forests capture carbon dioxide that has already been released into the atmosphere, reducing the overall atmospheric concentrations. Greenfleet carbon offsets provide an opportunity for you to compensate for the emissions created by your own activities. Through Greenfleet's carbon offsets, you're directly funding native reforestation projects around Australia.


Two hurricane-hunting aircraft visited the Quonset State Airport (KOQU; North Kingstown, RI) yesterday:
- Lockheed WP-3D Orion (N42RC; c/n 285A-5622) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and
- Lockheed WC-130J Hercules (97-5304, c/n 382-5474) of 53rd WRS, 403rd Wing, AF Reserve.
The aircraft were part of NOAA’s “Hurricane Awareness Tour” aiming to “raise awareness of the impacts from tropical cyclones threats and the danger of being caught without a personal hurricane plan.” The Orion is one of two such aircraft operated by NOAA, based in Lakeland, Florida and equipped to do data collection to supplant data from ground-based radars as well as from satellites. Similarly, the Hercules collects weather data from storms and other adverse weather phenomena; this aircraft is based in Keesler AFB, Mississippi.


Learn what climate change is, and how it affects the planet
Climate Change poses an increasing threat to the stability of Earth’s systems. If we want to protect our planet from dangerous and unprecedented change, first we must understand the science behind climate change.
On this course you will explore this science, looking back across 4 billion years of Earth’s history to help you learn the difference between ‘natural’ from ‘human’ induced change; looking to the present to see how the impacts of climate change are already being felt; and finally looking to the future to see what it might hold for our planet.
You don’t need any prior knowledge of climate change, just an interest in science, nature and the environment.


Hurricane Rick was the fifth named storm and fourth hurricane to make landfall along the Pacific coast of Mexico in 2021. The seventeenth named system and the eighth hurricane of the 2021 Pacific hurricane season, Rick formed as a low pressure system and was quickly upgraded to a tropical depression on October 21. Late on October 22, the storm was designated as a tropical storm and was given the name Rick. A few hours later, on October 23, the storm was upgraded to a hurricane. Rick continued to intensify and reached peak intensity early on October 25, making landfall as a Category 2 hurricane at 10:00 UTC that morning.
Rick caused one confirmed fatality in Mexico, and caused over $10 million (2021 USD) in damages.
On October 18, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) started highlighting the chances of development of a low pressure area offshore the Pacific coast of Mexico. An area of disturbed weather became identifiable south of the coast of Guatemala and El Salvador on the next day. Shower and thunderstorm activity was initially scattered, and only gradual development was expected, although the NHC noted that the system would likely become a tropical depression by October 24. On the afternoon of October 21, a broad area of low pressure developed just south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Shower activity gradually became better organized, although an advanced scatterometer pass early on October 22 revealed that the system had not developed a closed wind circulation. However, a rapid increase in organization soon occurred, and following a Dvorak classification of T2.0/35 mph (55 km/h), the NHC upgraded the low pressure system into a tropical depression at 15:00 UTC on October 21.
At the time of genesis, the depression was moving briskly to the west under the influence of a ridge to its north. Situated within an environment of little vertical wind shear, high moisture, and of warm sea surface temperatures near 86 °F (30 °C), the depression was upgraded into a tropical storm that evening after an increase in curved band features and upper-level outflow in all directions. A central dense overcast subsequently developed, and microwave imagery indicated the development of an ring of deep convection, which is often a precursor to an eye, which prompted the NHC to re-assess the intensity of Rick at 70 mph (110 km/h) and forecast rapid deepening at 09:00 UTC on October 23. That afternoon, Rick attained hurricane status as the cyclone began to curve north-northwestward in response to a weakness in the ridge. An eye briefly became apparent in visible satellite imagery and following measurements from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft, the NHC set the intensity of the storm at 85 mph (140 km/h). During the next 18 to 24 hours, the hurricane exhibited little change in organization as it tracked north; the cause of this arrested development phase was 15 to 25 mph (30 to 35 km/h) of wind shear and an environment of less than 50% relative humidity. However, microwave imagery showed a 25 mi (35 km) wide closed eyewall had re-developed by the evening of October 23, a sign that Rick had resumed intensification. Based on wind measurements from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft, Rick was upgraded into a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale at 06:00 UTC on October 25. The storm also attained its peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h) at the same time along with a minimum barometric pressure of 977 mbar (28.9 inHg). At 10:00 UTC, Rick made landfall between Lázaro Cárdenas and Zihuatanejo while at its peak intensity. The system then rapidly weakened while it moved further inland, towards the mountainous terrain of Mexico. Early on October 26, Rick dissipated.


sexta-feira, 12 de fevereiro de 2016
Record ozone hole may open over Arctic in the spring
By Eric Hand
Antarctica isn't the only place with an ozone hole. Lingering atmospheric pollutants and frigid air have carved an unusually deep hole in Earth's protective ozone layer over the Arctic, and it threatens to get deeper this spring. Atmospheric scientists are analyzing data from weather balloons and satellites for clues to how the ozone will fare when sunlight—a third factor in ozone loss—returns to the Arctic. But they are already worrying about how extra ultraviolet light might affect humans and ecosystems below and wondering whether climate change will make such Arctic holes more common or severe. By next week, 25% of the Arctic ozone will be destroyed, scientists warn. But if the winds of the polar vortex persist in keeping the stratosphere cold for another month, ozone losses will become severe.


ISLAMABAD, May 19 (APP): Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) here Friday predicted light rain-thunderstorm with gusty winds is expected at a few places in Malakand, Hazara, Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, D I khan, D.G khan, Multan, Bahawalpur, Sahiwal, Lahore, Gujranwala divisions FATA, Kashmir and its adjoining hilly areas during next 24 hours.
Mainly hot and dry weather is expected in most parts of the country, the Met office said.
During last 24 hours, weather remained hot and dry in most parts of the country. The highest maximum temperature was recorded at Dadu, Sh. Benazirabad, Larkana 47°C, Jacobabad, Sukkur 46°C, R.Y.Khan, Rohri, Moenjodaro and Turbat 45°C.


FINAL NICE NYC DAY PRECEDES INCREASING CLOUDS
FINAL NICE NYC DAY PRECEDES INCREASING CLOUDS – Good morning everyone! We have on our hands one last pleasant day before clouds start rolling in tomorrow. We’ll have highs 60-65 again today, with light northerly winds, but switching to the east mid to late afternoon. The wind shift is the beginning process of a storm system that will be approaching the area starting tomorrow.
Clouds will be on the increase and we may see a shower or two late afternoon/evening tomorrow, highs in the upper 50’s to low 60’s. After that, a low pressure system will reach the coast and gather strength, giving us Nor’easter-like conditions Saturday through early Sunday morning. We could see 1-3″ of rain, especially in areas that see the heaviest of rain, a stiff ENE wind, and wind gusts to near 40 mph. I also wouldn’t rule out some minor coastal flooding at times of high tide since the timing is in close proximity to our full moon. Temps on Saturday will have a hard time getting near 60, and Sunday we might reach the low 60’s if the steady rain departs early and we see a few breaks of sun in between scattered showers.
In the long range, this system may have ruined the holiday weekend, but it will be the driving mechanism in getting things moving again. This will allow milder air to eventually work it’s way in over the course of a three day process. As of now, Monday is looking fair and breezy, with highs in the mid to upper 60’s. The sun breaks out for Tuesday, with highs near 70. Then on Wednesday, warm air really starts to make its way in, with sunny skies and highs 70-75. We will continue to keep a close eye on everything as we have to wait and see which days the maritime influence fights back, and what days the warm air wins out. Either way, it looks like warm air finally wins out in a big way for the last week of May, with highs potentially in the 70’s and 80’s.
Don’t be without Meteorologist Joe Cioffi’s weather app. It is really a meteorologist app because you get my forecasts and my analysis and not some automated computer generated forecast based on the GFS model. This is why your app forecast changes every 6 hours. It is model driven with no human input at all. It gives you an icon, a temperature and no insight whatsoever.
It is a complete weather app to suit your forecast needs. All the weather information you need is right on your phone. Android or I-phone, use it to keep track of all the latest weather information and forecasts. This weather app is also free of advertising so you don’t have to worry about security issues with your device. An accurate forecast and no worries that your device is being compromised.
Use it in conjunction with my website and my facebook and twitter and you have complete weather coverage of all the latest weather and the long range outlook. The website has been redone and upgraded. Its easy to use and everything is archived so you can see how well Joe does or doesn’t do when it comes to forecasts and outlooks.
Just click on the google play button or the apple store button on the sidebar for my app which is on My Weather Concierge. Download the app for free. Subscribe to my forecasts on an ad free environment for just 99 cents a month.
Get my forecasts in the palm of your hand for less than the cost of a cup of Joe!


“Climate TRACE is a global non-profit coalition created to make meaningful climate action faster and easier by independently tracking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with unprecedented detail and speed. We harness satellite imagery and other forms of remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and collective data science expertise to track human-caused GHG emissions with unprecedented detail and speed. Climate TRACE’s emissions inventory is the world’s first comprehensive accounting of GHG emissions based primarily on direct, independent observation. Our innovative, open, and accessible approach relies on advances in technology to fill critical knowledge gaps for all decision makers that rely on the patchwork system of self-reporting that serves as the basis for most existing emissions inventories.
Climate TRACE emissions data is free and publicly available for download below. Each download package includes annual country-level emissions by sector and by greenhouse gas from 2015-2021, the applicable inventory of facility-level emissions, and facility-level ownership data where available.”


Bogs produce a potent greenhouse gas called methane. This gas is produced in the sediments of a bog by microbes called archaea. Some bacteria use methane as an energy source, but do not consume all of it before it reaches the surface. You may recognize methane as the major component of natural gas, which is of course flammable.
Alessandro Volta performed an experiment in 1776 where he showed that gas from disturbed decaying plant matter could start on fire. Much later, it was discovered that this methane was produced by microbes. Today scientists perform the Volta Experiment with a large funnel. Below is a demonstration video from Rutgers – just remember, don’t try this at home! (But if you think this looks like fun, maybe you should consider a career in science!)


Full Program »
Analysis on the Lightning Flash Activities Over Beijing Area Based on Beijing Lightning Network
The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of lightning activity in Beijing area were statistically analyzed by using the flash lightning data obtained by Beijing Lightning Location Network (BLNET) during 146 thunderstorms in 2015-17. The results showed that most of the 588,520 lightning flashes observed were cloud flashes (IC), which accounted for about 93.8% of the total lightning. Ground-flashes (CG) accounted for only a small fraction, accounting for only 16.2% of the total flashes. 11.7% of these CG flashes are positive flashes. The daily change in lightning activity is clearly a double-peak structure. The two peak periods are 14:00-22:00 (Beijing time, BST) and 23:00-the next day at 03:00. Through the analysis of the total lightning activity density, it is found that the lightning activity has inter-annual differences, but from the average of three years, there are several obvious high-value centers in the lightning activities in Beijing, mainly located in the northeast of Shunyi District, Beijing urban areas and the junction of Shunyi-Tongzhou-Beijing urban areas, the high value area of lightning density is closely related to dense population, heavy traffic and aerosol density.


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|Air Velocity:||0~30m/s||Air Temperature:||-10~45℃|
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Current / max / average wind speed reading.
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Threshold:0.1m/s, 0.3 km/h, 39 ft/min, 0.2 mph, 0.1 Knots.
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Item Size: 105 * 60 * 20mm


On September 5, 1997, Los Angeles set a city record for the most consecutive days without any rain: 198. Just last month, Seattle set a city record for having had rain every single day in January, except New Year’s Day.
These streaks highlight an important part of how we experience a place’s weather: it matters not just how hot it gets, or how much it rains, but also how long these kinds of weather stick around. Thus Mark Twain’s famous quote: “If you don’t like the weather in New England now, just wait a few minutes.”
Mathematically, one way to understand these patterns is through Markov chains, which are a fancy way of talking about the picture below. Suppose we live in Pleasantville, USA, and it’s sunny today. Tomorrow, there’s a 70% chance it will still be sunny, and a 30% chance it will rain. If it does rain tomorrow, then there’s a 40% chance it will rain again the day after that, and a 60% chance it will go back to being sunny. You can imagine your finger tracing out the weather pattern along the arrows.
Thinking of weather as a Markov chain gives us a lot of tools to understand its behavior. For example, we can calculate how often it will be sunny or rainy, and we can estimate how likely we are to have 198 days of sun in a row. Now—news flash!—the weather changes throughout the year, so we have to think about the probabilities in the diagram above as changing from day to day. Sunny streaks are more likely during the summer.
But if we allow for these changes, and we look at not just sun and rain but also clouds and snow, we can start to get an interesting picture of the weather in a place. The next section shows what happens when we use a statistical model to do this for the largest fifteen or so cities in the U.S. Try picking different cities in the drop-down menu and explore how their weather patterns differ.
[Jump to the second half] [Jump to the methodology section]
One way in which cities differ is in how much their weather changes throughout the year—how “squiggly” the weather mix diagram from above is, to be precise. The figure below tries to measure this. Most East Coast cities have a broadly similar mix of sun and rain throughout the year. In contrast, cities like Miami, San Francisco, and Seattle have more clearly defined sunny and rainy seasons. (This is somewhat related to this excellent article about the predictability of weather across the U.S.)
Other patterns are rather predictable. Ranking cities by the average length of their sunny streaks yields, predictably, cities in the South and West. Slightly less predictable is that Seattle’s sunny streaks are about as long as those of most cities in the Northeast and Midwest.
The patterns for rain are even less surprising: except for Seattle, San Francisco, and Miami, it rains for around 1.7 days at a time in most cities. Phoenix has the shortest average rainy streak, at just over 1.5 days.
And on the subject of rain, it’s informative to look at how the amount of rain a city gets corresponds to the number of rainy days it gets. While for most cities these go hand in hand, in Seattle, rainfall is spread out over a much larger number of days. While the city receives less rain than D.C., New York, and Houston, it has more rainy days—over 140, on average—than any other major city in the U.S. Does this fairly qualify it for the title of “Rainiest City”? You decide.
Fitting the Markov chains
Given the weather on a day, the Markovianness of the process means that the weather on the next day is drawn from a categorical distribution, with probabilities given by the corresponding column in the transition matrix. The Markov chains used here are time-inhomogeneous: the transition matrix changes from day to day. The transition matrix probabilities were assumed to vary in time along Gaussian radial-basis splines (taking into account the modular nature of dates around year boundaries), with six knots spaced evenly throughout the year.
The transition probabilities at each knot were given a Dirichlet(1) prior; this, combined with the categorical likelihood, allowed for a slight computational shortcut. Each year was broken up into 53 weeks (with the last week shorter than 7 days), and the number of transitions from each kind of weather to the other, across all the years of data, was counted. Then these counts were modelled from a multinomial distribution, with transition probabilities coming from the above splines.
Once the model was fit to each city’s data (using Stan), a transition matrix could be drawn for every week (or day, if desired) of the year, and this transition matrix could be solved for its steady-state distribution using its eigendecomposition. This yielded the weather mixture charts.
The diagonal of the estimated transition matrices represent the probability of staying in the same weather state from one day to the next. Averaging these probabilities across the four weather types (a weighted average, with weights proportional to the steady-state probabilities) yielded a composite probability of maintaining the current weather. Markovianness then implies that the number of days at a certain state follows a geometric distribution; the average streak length is then easily calculated as the reciprocal of the probability of a change in the weather.
Weather data came from NOAA’s database. A day was classified as cloudy if the sun shone for less than 30% of the day. Most cities’ weather stations had around 35 years where precipitation, snowfall, and cloud cover were measured every day.


2.6 Water Vapor in the Airbr /br /2.6.1 Moisture Parametersbr /br /Mixing ratio: w = m_v/m_d – typically g_H2O/kg_airbr /br /Example 2.7: What is the partial pressure of water vapor, with mixing ratio 5.5g/kg with total pressure 1026.8mb?br /br /e = (m_v/M_w)*p/(m_d/M_d + m_v/M_w) = w/(w+eps) *p = 9mbbr /br /Example 2.8: Calculate the virtual temperature at T=30^oC with w=20g/kgbr /br /T_v = T(eps+w)/(eps+w*eps) = T(1+ 0.61w) = 33.69^oCbr /br /Saturation vapor pressure – equilibrium state between evaporation and condensation if there is enough moisture. The partial pressure of the moisture in this situation is the saturation vapor pressure – depends only on temperature – increases rapidly with increasing tempbr / br /Saturation mixing ratio – the associated mixing ratio:br /br /w_s = rho_vs/rho_d = e_s/(R_vT)/[(p-e_s)/(R_dT)] = 0.622 e_s/(p-e_s) ~0.622 e_s/pbr /br /Dew point – the temperature that a sample of air must be cooled to at constant pressure to arrive at saturation.br /br /Example 2.9br /For air at 1000mb, 18^oC and w = 6g/kg, what is the relative humidity and dew point? Using Pseudo-adiabatic charts – can locate saturation mixing ratio for this point – w_s = 12.9g/kg – so RH = 46.5%. The dew point can be located by finding the temperature at this pressure for which 6g/kg is the saturation value – 6.4^oCbr /br /Lifting condensation level – the level to which a parcel must be lifted adiabatically so that the pressure and temperature drop to the point where the vapor in the parcel is at saturation.br /br /2.6.2 Saturated- and Pseudo-adiabatic processesbr /When lifted, a parcel’s temperature decreases at the dry lapse rate until condensation occurs – at the LCL. Further lifting results in condensation, releasing latent heat and reducing the rate of cooling. If all the condensates are carried by the parcel, the process is still adiabatic and reversible: saturated adiabatic. If the condensates fall out immediately, then the process is irreversible and pseudo-adiabatic. The amount fo heat carried by the condensates is usually small and the pseudo-adiabatic and saturated adiabatic lapse rates are essentially the same.br /br /2.6.3 The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate = consider a lifted parcel undergoing condensation in a saturated-adiabatic manner:br /br /dq = cpdT + gdzbr /br /the heat released by condensation is dq = -Ldw_sbr /br /thus, br /br /dT/dz = -(L/c_p) dw_s/dz – g/c_p = -(L/c_p)(dw_s/dT)(dT/dz) – g/c_pbr /br /so, br /br /Gamma_s == -dT/dz = Gamma_d/[1+(L/c_p)(dw_s/dT)]br /br /This depends upon temperature and pressure and is always less than Gamma_d as the second term in the denominator is always positive.br /br /Example 2.10br /A parcel is intially @ 15^oC, 1000mb and T_dew = 2^oC. What is it’s LCL, and the temperature at that level? If it is lifted a further 200mb, what is its final temperature and how much moisture is condensed out?br /br /Again, this is solved using a pseudo-adiabatic chart. The initial point is located, and the amount of moisture is located from the dew point ~4.4g/kg The intersection of the saturation line from the dew point and the dry adiabat from the actual point determines the LCL at 830mb As we lift further, we follow a saturated adiabat to 630mb, where the temperature of the parcel is -0.5^oC and the saturation mixing ratio is 1.8g/kg – thus 2.6 g/kg of moisture must have condensed during the ascent.br /br /2.6.4 Equivalent potential temperaturebr /br /theta_e = theta exp(Lw_s/c_pT)br /br /the potential temperature of the parcel if all the vapour within is condensed and all the latent heat released go to thermal energy of the dry air. This quantity is conserved in both dry- and saturated- adiabatic motions. br /br /2.6.5 Normand’s rulebr /On a pseudo-adiabatic chart, the LCL of an air parcel is found at the intersection of the potential temperature line which passes through the locus of the parcel and the the pseudo-adiabat that passes through the wet-bulb temperature of the parcel at the same pressure. br /br /2.6.6 Effects of irreversible condensation processesbr /If any of the products of condensation are allowed to fall out as precipitation, the latent heat gained by the parcel will remain when the now drier parcel returns to its original level. The Net effect is increase in T and theta, reduction in w but no change in theta_ebr /br /Example 2.11 – a parcel at 950mb has a temperature of 14^oC and a mixing ratio of 8g/kg. What is the wet-bulb temperature? The air parcel is lifted to 700mb and 70% of the condensate is lost before it returns to 950mb. what is the new temperature, potential temp, wet bulb temp, mixing ratio.br /br /Again, this is solved using the chart.


A Temperature & Humidity Sensor measures relative humidity and ambient air temperature. It captures readings about once every 15 minutes.
The sensor can:
- Detect conditions for mold and mildew (generally above 60% humidity)
- Detect freezing conditions which may lead to frozen pipes and water leaks
- Report temperatures from 32 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit (0 to 50 degrees Celsius)
- Keep your expensive wine collection in check
- Protect cigar humidors and pianos
You can use the sensor to detect conditions in your refrigerator or freezer, depending on the location and associated signal strength.
Use the sensor indoors, away from rain.


Some 14 people have been killed in a massive storm which brought destruction to the northern Philippines, a presidential adviser says.
Typhoon Mangkhut ripped through the Philippines’ main island of Luzon, and is now moving west towards China.
Almost all buildings in the city of Tuguegarao sustained some damage, a government official said, and communications were down in places.
The storm packed winds of 185km/h (115mph).
Four million people were in its path, and thousands were evacuated amid warnings of 6m (20ft) storm surges.
Francis Tolentio, a political adviser to President Rodrigo Duterte, said up to 14 people were killed as a result of the storm.
Two rescuers were killed trying to help people trapped in a landslide. Unverified reports say the body of a young girl was found in the Marikina river, which flows through Manila.
The evacuation centre in the coastal town of Aparri is also said to have been destroyed and phone networks are down.
The typhoon recalls memories of the deadliest storm on record in the Philippines – Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 – which killed more than 7,000. However, preparation and evacuation procedures have been improved since then.
- In pictures: Philippines braces for super typhoon
- How to survive a monster storm
- Hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones: What’s the difference?
What is the latest?
The typhoon made landfall at Baggao, in the north-east of the Philippines, at about 01:40 local time on Saturday (17:40 GMT on Friday).
After losing some of its wind speed over land, it was downgraded from a super typhoon and is now travelling with wind speeds equivalent to a category four hurricane.
The storm – known locally as Ompong – has a cloud diameter of about 900km and is heading west at about 30km/h.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) billed the storm as the strongest tropical cyclone the world has faced so far this year.
The Philippine Red Cross shared footage of rising flood waters and winds ripping through towns on Saturday morning.
The typhoon is forecast to pass near Hong Kong on Sunday afternoon.
Authorities there have urged residents to stay indoors when the storm approaches. Weather experts say it may be the strongest tropical storm to hit the territory in decades.
In nearby Macau, shops have been boarded up and residents have been sticking tape on their windows.
The typhoon is expected to weaken into a tropical depression by Tuesday.
How prepared was the Philippines?
Authorities in the Philippines have said they were better prepared for the storm than in previous years.
Warnings were issued in dozens of provinces. Travel by sea and air was restricted.
Flights were cancelled, schools shut and the army was on standby.
The heavy rains triggered 42 landslides, officials said.
- A guide to the world’s deadliest storms
- How windy is a hurricane?
- Reality Check: Are hurricanes getting worse?
“We are really frightened,” Delaila Pasion, who had fled her home, told AFP news agency. “They say it is so strong, we were too scared to remain.”
“During previous monsoon rains, half of our house was destroyed so I wanted to take my grandchildren to safety,” she told journalists.
The Philippines is routinely hit during the typhoon season.
In China, where the storm is predicted to hit late on Sunday or early on Monday, the authorities have raised storm alerts to “yellow”, which is the second level on the four-tier warning system.
High-speed rail services have been cancelled in parts of the south, local media report.
Is Hong Kong in danger?
Mangkhut may be classed as a super typhoon, again, by the time it passes, or hits, Hong Kong on Sunday.
At its current rate, forecasters say it could be the strongest typhoon they have seen since they started making records in the 1940s.
Residents have been preparing. Tape has been stuck to the windows, creating ominous X-shapes on the front of homes and offices, and some bamboo scaffolding also appears to have been taken down or secured as a precaution.
This is a place used to preparing for approaching storms but they know this one is big, says the BBC’s Robin Brant.
However, officials are taking no chances. They have asked people to stay indoors.
Antoine Li, a government official at an emergency centre in the village of Tai O on the western coast of Hong Kong’s Lantau island, said residents must not underestimate the storm.
“This typhoon will be very dangerous as it will arrive when everyone is sleeping and there is no way to leave. So we have called on residents to leave the village before it gets dark,” he told Reuters news agency.
A shop owner in the village said: “Everyone is scared of the typhoon this time, very scared”, and they are more worried about the elderly living in stilt houses, who insisted on staying.
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BREAUX BRIDGE, La. — Strong winds flipped a mobile home off its foundation Sunday in Louisiana, killing a mother and her 3-year-old daughter as a storm system with hurricane-force winds crawled across the Deep South, damaging homes and businesses.
Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards put the entire state on “high alert” and warned residents to stay off the roads. He urged people to keep their cellphones charged and close by so that they could get severe weather alerts throughout Sunday night and Monday morning.
“It is an extremely dangerous weather event,” he said.
Parts of Arkansas and Mississippi were also under a threat of tornadoes, but the bullseye was on Louisiana. The system brought unconfirmed tornadoes to the state as well as heavy thunderstorms, large hail and flash flooding.
In the rural community of Breaux Bridge, about 50 miles west of Baton Rouge, St. Martin Parish Sheriff’s Office spokeswoman Maj. Ginny Higgins told The Associated Press that a suspected tornado touched down soon after a warning was issued.
“Seconds later it hit,” Higgins said. “It hit the trailer, flipped it and tore its side off. There was a mother and daughter inside and both were killed.”
Higgins said 38-year-old Francine Gotch and 3-year-old Neville Alexander were pronounced dead at the scene. Witnesses told KLFY-TV that the father was out at the time and returned home to find the bodies amid the splintered debris.
The governor said powerful straight-line winds destroyed the mobile home. Typically after such damage, the National Weather Service will investigate and determine if the damage was caused by a tornado or straight-line winds.
Edwards held an afternoon press conference, carried live by CBS affiliate WAFB-TV.
“This is a severe weather event and it deserves all of our attention,” Edwards said.
“This is a state-wide weather event and it pertains to everyone in Louisiana and could be an all-night event until Monday mid-morning,” he said.
He urged everyone to stay on guard as the storm passes through the state. National Weather Service warned that it was a “particularly dangerous situation.”
The Storm Prediction Center has placed portions of the state in the “high risk” category for tornadoes which is rare for Louisiana, the governor’s office said in a statement. That area extends from western-central Louisiana to north Louisiana, and it means that there is a threat of EF-2 — or greater — tornadoes.
Damaging winds stronger than 75 mph, and large hail, are possible, the statement said. Significant tornado potential will spread across the lower Mississippi Valley into Sunday evening.
Much of the rest of the state is in the “moderate risk” to “enhanced risk” category, said the governor’s office. Excessive rainfall is also expected, with 3-6 inches or more falling in many areas by Monday morning.
“The threat doesn’t end today,” said National Weather Service meteorologist John Hart in Oklahoma. “There’s also a significant risk for tomorrow in Mississippi into southern Alabama and so on as the system keeps moving.”
Fire officials in the Texas village of Point Venture said several people witnessed an apparent funnel cloud there Sunday morning. Travis County Emergency Services District 1 Fire Chief Donnie Norman said there were several structures with severe damage.
“There was one home with pretty heavy damage. The roof was completely removed. There was one resident there at the time, but she received no major injuries,” Norman said.
A Texas state trooper reported seeing a suspected tornado touch down early Sunday morning near Center Point, Texas, about 55 miles northwest of San Antonio, Texas. National Weather Service meteorologist Yvette Benavides said there were no reports of major or structural damage.
The National Weather Service’s Storm Prediction Center said the storms are likely to cause significant wind damage near the Interstate 20 corridor in east Texas and Louisiana throughout the day and into Sunday night. The center said there is a risk of baseball-sized hail and tornadoes, including strong ones, in those areas.
In Dallas, about 40,000 basketball fans had to make new plans after incoming storms forced officials to cancel outdoor activities on Sunday.


Nigerians will experience a partial or rather penumbra lunar eclipse around midnight today, and a total solar eclipse on Sunday.
According to The Guardian, the 2013 penumbral lunar eclipse will be visible as well throughout the Caribbean, Europe, Africa and Asia. A report from Discovery.com says: “For observers in Africa, Europe and western Asia, the eclipse will occur in the middle of the night when the moon is high overhead. The partial shading will be visible as the slight reddish dimming of the normally bright full moon”.
The partial eclipse would be visible in most parts of Nigeria between 10.53 p.m. today and 2.48 a.m. October 19, 2013. During the lunar eclipse today, part of the moon will skirt through only the outer edge of the earth’s shadow in what scientists call a penumbra lunar eclipse.
While on Sunday, most parts of northern Nigeria, including Kaduna, are expected to experience total solar eclipse unlike other parts of the country like Lagos, which will experience only partial solar eclipse.
The last time Nigeria experienced a total solar eclipse was on March 29, 2006.


To view the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, find a dark location away from city lights. This weekend, skywatchers will have the opportunity to witness the Orionid Meteor Shower, a dazzling display of shooting stars that originates from the debris left by Halley’s Comet.
To make the most of this celestial event, enthusiasts should locate a dark area far from the glare of city lights, ideally on higher ground for a better vantage point. The shower is expected to peak during the predawn hours on October 20th and 21st, with an estimated rate of 20 meteors per hour.
The shower gets its name from the constellation Orion, as the meteors appear to radiate from this direction in the sky. Arm yourself with patience and look up to the stars for a captivating experience this weekend.
Astronomy Basics For Stargazers
Understanding the Orionid Meteor Shower phenomenon is essential for astronomy enthusiasts who want to maximize their viewing experience this weekend. Meteor showers are celestial events that occur when the Earth passes through a trail of debris left behind by a comet or asteroid. The Orionids, specifically, are associated with Halley’s Comet, a periodic comet that orbits the sun every 76 years.
During the Orionid Meteor Shower, Earth’s atmosphere collides with the debris, causing the particles to burn up and create beautiful streaks of light across the sky. The best time to view the meteor shower is in the pre-dawn hours, as the radiant point (the spot where the meteors appear to originate from) lies in the constellation Orion.
To fully appreciate this phenomenon, find a location with minimal light pollution and give your eyes time to adjust to the darkness. Patience is key, as it may take around 20 minutes for your eyes to adapt and for you to start spotting meteors. Remember to dress warmly, bring a comfortable chair or blanket, and enjoy the awe-inspiring spectacle of nature.
Finding The Ideal Spot For Meteor Watching
When viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, it is crucial to find the perfect spot for optimal meteor gazing. One important factor to consider is the level of light pollution in your area. Evaluating the light pollution levels will help identify ideal locations for meteor viewing. Areas with minimal light pollution provide darker skies, enhancing visibility of the meteors. You can use online resources or mobile apps to access light pollution maps and determine areas with lower light pollution levels. Once you have identified potential locations, find spots with unobstructed views of the night sky to maximize your meteor watching experience. Look for open spaces away from city lights, tall buildings, and trees that may block your view. Remember to check the weather forecast and plan your outing accordingly, as clear skies contribute to better meteor visibility. So, prepare yourself for an incredible experience under the star-studded night sky.
Preparing For Meteor Observation
Gearing up for the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend? Here’s a quick guide on how to prepare for the best meteor observation experience:
|Gather essential supplies and equipment|
|Meteor observation requires minimal equipment, but there are a few essentials you’ll want to have on hand:|
Learn how to make yourself comfortable during the viewing by dressing appropriately for the weather conditions. Layer your clothing so you can adjust as needed. Bring pillows, cushions, or additional blankets to create a cozy setup. Avoid using bright lights and consider using a red flashlight or cover your flashlight with red cellophane to minimize light pollution and preserve your night vision.
Weather Forecast And Moon Phase
The Orionid Meteor Shower is set to peak this weekend, offering a spectacular display of shooting stars. However, to fully enjoy this celestial event, it’s important to consider the weather conditions and the moon phase.
|Check the weather forecast in your location to ensure clear skies. Cloud cover can hinder visibility, so it’s crucial to choose a night with minimal or no clouds. Websites and weather apps can provide accurate updates on cloud cover and atmospheric conditions.|
Another factor to consider is the moon phase. The brightness of the moon can affect the visibility of meteors. A full moon can create excessive light pollution, making it harder to spot the fainter meteor streaks. Ideally, aim to view the meteor shower during a moon phase with less moonlight interference, such as a crescent or quarter moon.
By checking the weather conditions and moon phase, you can maximize your chances of experiencing the Orionid Meteor Shower at its finest. Don’t forget to find a dark and open location away from city lights for optimal viewing. Happy stargazing!
Timing Your Meteor Experience
To view the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, it is essential to determine the peak nights. The shower typically takes place from mid-October to early November, with the peak occurring around October 21-22. During these nights, the number of meteors visible per hour can reach up to 20 or more under favorable conditions. To enhance your viewing experience, find a location away from city lights with a clear view of the sky.
For optimal viewing, aim to find a spot with an unobstructed view to the southeast. This direction is where the meteors will appear to radiate from, near the constellation Orion. The best time to observe the shower is after midnight until dawn, as the Earth rotates towards the direction of the shower during this time.
Remember to be patient while viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower, as it can take between 20-30 minutes for your eyes to adjust to the darkness. Avoid looking at any bright lights, including phone screens, as this can hinder your ability to see the faint meteors streaking across the sky.
Maximizing Meteor Spotting Techniques
When viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, it is important to understand the radiant point and its significance. The radiant point is the area in the sky from which the meteors appear to originate. In the case of the Orionid Meteor Shower, the radiant point is the constellation Orion. Knowing the radiant point allows the observer to focus their attention in the right direction and increase the chances of spotting meteors.
There are several techniques that can enhance the experience of observing meteors and meteor showers:
- Choose a dark location away from city lights: Light pollution can hinder meteor spotting, so find an area with minimal light disturbance.
- Watch during the peak hours: The best time to view the Orionid Meteor Shower is during the late night and early morning hours.
- Use a comfortable chair or blanket: Observing meteors can require prolonged periods of looking up, so ensure you are comfortable during the viewing session.
- Be patient: Meteors can appear sporadically, so it may take some time to spot them. Relax and give your eyes time to adjust to the darkness.
By applying these techniques, observers can maximize their chances of viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower and make the most of this celestial event.
Capturing The Cosmic Event
If you’re planning to view the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend and capture the cosmic event through astrophotography, there are a few tips that can help you make the most of your experience. Firstly, make sure you have the right camera settings and equipment. To capture the fast-moving meteors, set your camera to manual mode and use a wide-angle lens with a low aperture to capture as much of the night sky as possible. Use a sturdy tripod to keep your camera steady during long exposures.
Next, adjust your camera’s ISO settings to a high value, around 1600-3200, to capture the faint light of the meteors. You should also set a long exposure time, between 15-30 seconds, to capture multiple meteors in a single shot. Experiment with different exposure times to find the right balance for your specific shooting conditions.
In terms of equipment, consider using a remote shutter release or the camera’s built-in timer to minimize camera shake. Additionally, bring warm clothing and a comfortable chair to ensure a pleasant viewing experience as you wait for meteors to appear.
Sharing The Experience
Are you ready to witness the magical Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend? Share the experience with your friends and loved ones by organizing a meteor shower watch party. Invite fellow stargazers and astronomy enthusiasts to join you in awe-inspiring night sky observation. Create a memorable event by setting up telescopes, providing comfortable seating arrangements, and even arranging some delicious snacks. Encourage everyone to bring their own blankets and chairs for a cozy viewing experience. Before the shower starts, share interesting facts about the meteor shower and the Orionid constellation. Guide your guests on how to spot the meteors and explain the science behind this celestial phenomenon. Engage in conversations, swap stories, and marvel at the beauty of nature’s light show. Capturing photographs of the meteors can make the night even more memorable, so don’t forget to bring your camera along.
Safety Precautions During Meteor Watching
When viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, it is essential to take certain safety precautions to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. Protecting yourself from cold weather conditions is crucial during night-time observation. Wear several layers of warm clothing to keep yourself insulated, including a hat, gloves, and thick socks. Consider using hand and foot warmers to provide additional heat. It is also essential to have proper footwear to prevent slipping on wet surfaces or uneven terrain. Keep yourself hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids before and during the viewing. Additionally, use a flashlight with a red filter to preserve your night vision and minimize the risk of tripping or stumbling in the dark. By following these safety measures, you can fully immerse yourself in the beauty of the Orionid Meteor Shower without compromising your well-being.
Bonus Tip: Meteor Shower Etiquette
If you’re eager to witness the breathtaking Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend, it’s essential to adhere to proper meteor shower etiquette to ensure a respectful and enjoyable experience. Bear in mind the following guidelines:
- Avoid using disruptive lights, like flashlights or cell phone screens, as they can hinder everyone’s ability to appreciate the celestial display.
- Find a comfortable spot away from highly illuminated areas and light pollution to maximize your chances of spotting meteors.
- Consider bringing a reclining chair or blanket to lie back and comfortably observe the night sky without straining your neck or back.
- Be mindful of others by refraining from talking loudly or playing loud music. Silence and serenity contribute to a more immersive experience for everyone.
- Remember to dress warmly and bring bug spray if needed, as meteor viewing often takes place during the late hours when temperatures can drop and insects might be present.
Frequently Asked Questions Of How To View The Orionid Meteor Shower This Weekend
Where And When Can I See The Orionid Meteor Shower This Weekend?
The Orionid Meteor Shower can be seen all over the world, especially in areas with low light pollution. The best time to view it is after midnight until dawn on the 21st and 22nd of October.
How Many Meteors Can I Expect To See During The Orionid Meteor Shower?
On average, you can expect to see about 10 to 20 meteors per hour during the peak of the Orionid Meteor Shower. However, this number can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions and the presence of the moon.
How Should I Prepare For Viewing The Orionid Meteor Shower?
To prepare for viewing the Orionid Meteor Shower, find a location away from city lights with a clear view of the sky. Dress warmly, bring a blanket or chair for comfort, and give your eyes at least 30 minutes to adjust to the darkness.
Don’t forget to bring snacks and drinks for a more enjoyable experience.
Witnessing the magnificent Orionid Meteor Shower this weekend is an opportunity that shouldn’t be missed. By following simple tips for optimal viewing, such as finding a dark location away from city lights and being patient while scanning the sky, you can fully immerse yourself in this celestial spectacle.
Grab a blanket, gather your loved ones, and get ready to experience the awe-inspiring beauty of shooting stars painting the night sky. Don’t miss your chance to make unforgettable memories under the heavens.


Frequently Asked Questions – Summer
- What is the average temperature in Tromsø during the summer?
The average temperature in June, July and August is around 12 degrees Celsius. We may get temperatures of over 20 degrees Celcius, but then the next day it may be 8 degrees Celsius. The weather changes very rapidly.
- What kind of clothes do you need in summer/autumn in Tromsø?
We recommend good outdoor shoes and clothes for outdoor activities. Always bring extra (rain) clothes if you go up into the mountains or out to sea. Remember that the weather can change from good to bad within the hour. Check the weather forecast (Yr.no) before you go out, but still always be prepared for bad weather.
- What does: ‘midnight sun period’ mean?
During the period from 18th of May until 25th of July the upper edge of the sun stays above the horizon at sea level at midnight. This is known as the midnight sun. In some places with mountains close by to the north, the sun may set behind these, so in order to see the midnight sun you should make sure you have a relatively free line of sight towards the west and north.


ACUS01 KWNS 191944
SPC AC 191943
Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0243 PM CDT Mon Apr 19 2021
Valid 192000Z - 201200Z
...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
THE CENTRAL FLORIDA PENINSULA...
Isolated severe thunderstorms remain possible through early tomorrow
morning across parts of the central and southern Florida Peninsula.
Minor changes have been made to the Day 1 Outlook. The northeast
extent of the Marginal across the central FL Peninsula was trimmed,
and severe probabilities across the Mid Atlantic were removed given
convective overturning of earlier storms. Thunder probabilities were
also removed from the Hudson Valley into New England as relatively
shallower convection, driven by boundary-layer mixing, has struggled
to support lightning flashes during peak heating. Otherwise, the
rest of the forecast remains on track, with a gradual increase in
thunderstorms and corresponding risk of severe hail, a damaging
gust, or brief tornado expected across the west-central FL peninsula
.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1133 AM CDT Mon Apr 19 2021/
...Central/southern Florida Peninsula...
A corridor of convection continues to focus along a convectively
reinforced boundary across the south-central Peninsula/Lake
Okeechobee vicinity at midday. Destabilization through the afternoon
will likely be maximized to the south of the lingering midday
convection (where low/mid-level winds trend weaker), although some
measure of air mass recovery could occur a bit north into more of
the central Peninsula in closer proximity to the synoptic front.
Additional cloud breaks/heating may allow for some renewed
development/reinvigoration of storms this afternoon with a couple of
downbursts and/or marginally severe hail a possibility.
A lull in deep convection is expected this evening into the
overnight as low-level winds become quite weak and convergence
wanes. However, in response to the upstream shortwave trough
approaching the northwest Gulf of Mexico, extensive convection is
anticipated to form late tonight across the eastern Gulf. Some of
this convection may reach the west-central/southwest Florida
Peninsula early Tuesday with some increase in severe risk.
...Eastern North Carolina/far southeast Virginia...
Ahead of a low-amplitude shortwave trough crossing the Appalachians,
a modestly moist (around 60F surface dewpoints) and weakly unstable
warm sector resides across the region at midday in advance of a weak
front/surface trough. Thunderstorms will continue to develop across
the region through early afternoon before the warm sector shifts
offshore by late afternoon (likely by 21Z/5pm EDT). As low-level
lapse rates further steepen early this afternoon, instability may be
sufficient in the presence of long/semi-straight hodographs (atop a
near-surface easterly component) to allow for some strong/locally
severe thunderstorms capable of hail and/or wind gusts.


"Any reasonable read of Mr. Stephen’s first piece identifies some very important arguments that the climate activists have failed to address. The unrealistic confidence the climate activists have placed in their models even though those models are barely able to hindcast, let alone forecast. The growing divide between what climate scientists are saying about climate change and what the climate activists claim they are saying. Most importantly the growing disconnect between what the scientists are saying about the risks of climate change and public sentiment about the topic. The Climatariat was not pleased."


Planned air pollution research fiscal year 2009-2010 september 2009 i the statements and conclusions in this paper are not necessarily those of the california air resources board the mention of commercial products, their source. Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in india from across harvard university engaged in research, teaching the air pollution data cover about 140 cities. Indoor air pollution research paper write a report that can cover the indoor air pollution, under the development of the epa's new voluntary guidance document, healthy indoor environment protocols for home energy upgrades. Research paper: water pollution this is a long research paper about water pollution it isn't about my project, it is just related to it you don't have to read all of it.
Environment term papers (paper 2101) on air pollution: in 1948, the industrial town of donora, pennsylvania suffered 28 deaths because of the thick smog air pollution is an ecological problem having to do term paper 2101. Pollution research is one of the leading enviromental journals in world and is widely subscribed in india and abroad by institutions and individuals in industry, research and govt departments. Free college essay air pollution air pollution air pollution is a general term for a variety of substances and gases in our air that pose. Phd thesis on genomes air pollution research paper homework help hotline phone number how to write essay my village. Science essays online air pollution research paper custom homework on books dissertation proposal defense meeting. Discussion papers are research materials circulated by their exposure to indoor air pollution from the combustion of solid fuels has been implicated, with varying degrees of evidence, as a causal agent of of disease and mortality.
Airports are some of the largest sources of air pollution in the united states we demonstrate that daily airport runway congestion contributes significantly to local pollution levels and contemporaneous health of residents living nearby and downwind from airports our research design exploits the. Sacramento - governor edmund g brown jr announced july 21st that steve cliff, associate professional researcher iii at the air quality research center and the institute of transportation studies at uc davis since 2011, has been appointed assistant director of sustainability at the california. Atmospheric pollution research (apr) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution papers should present. Air pollution and health discussion paper by the energy and resources institute karnika palwa (research associate, teri) reviewer meena sehgal (fellow, teri) sumit sharma (fellow recommends policy measures to reduce the health impact from air pollution the focus of the paper is 2.
Atmospheric pollution research (apr) is an international journal designed for the publication of articles on air pollution papers should present novel experimental results, theory and modeling of air pollution on local, regional, or global scales.
Disclaimer: free essays on environment posted on this site were donated by anonymous users and are provided for informational use only the free environment research paper (air pollution essay) presented on this page should not be viewed as a sample of our on-line writing service. Air pollution research papers - entrust your projects to the most talented writers proofreading and proofediting aid from best specialists all sorts of writing services & research papers. View air pollution research papers on academiaedu for free. Management research and practice volume 4, issue 3 / september 2012 issn impacts so the paper deals with the study of air pollution caused by the automobiles in the city of bangalore a study on air pollution by automobiles in bangalore city. Bj homework helper air pollution research paper chih yao chang dissertation homework help forums. Here are a few argumentative essay topics on air pollution that are going to prove helpful in a long term perspective one freelance limited - custom writing service that provides online custom written papers, such as term papers, research papers, thesis papers.


Wednesday is expected to see rain and thunderstorms in the center of the country, the weekend is expected to be dry and hot.
Israel can look forward to its first dry weekend in over three weeks.
Wednesday's forecast however will see heavy rains during the day in the center and south of the country. The morning will be cloudy with light showers beginning towards mid day that by nightfall will turn to heavy rain with a chance of thunderstorms and hail.
Due to the rains there is the possibility of flooding in the central region and flash-flooding in the south.
Thursday's forecast calls for a light rain in the north and along the coastal area. Later on in the day the weather will stabilize and the rain is expected to cease.
Warm weather will be coming for the weekend, bringing a rise in temperature and dryness.
Expected temperatures for Israel on Wednesday are 15° C in the Golan, in the northern mountains 12° C, in Nazareth 15° C, Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) 18° C, Haifa 17° C, Tel Aviv and coastal plain 17° C, Ariel 12° C, Jerusalem 11° C, Be'er Sheva 16° C, southern mountains 12° C, Dead Sea area 20° C, Eilat 21° C.


I have been frequently photographing clouds on the southern coast of the Fleurieu Peninsula during the winter of 2022 influenced by the gallery of cloud photos of The Cloud Appreciation Society. So it was great to come across another photographer with an interest in clouds. Vicky Dennison has a more sophisticated, conceptual and systematic approach to clouds than my casual, off the cuff snapshots.
There is a gallery of her series of cloud photos on Light Paths.
There is much food for thought in this series of clouds as a radically, dynamic object caught in a process of perpetual transfiguration. A cloud can be understood as being in a perpetual drift away from itself.
Dennison’s cloud photography is more sophisticated and systematic than the snapshot approach because it ranges far and wide across the state and explores the different cloud formations in the different seasons and territories. An Australian reference point is Greg Wayn’s black and white Clouds published in 2014.
Broader and more historical reference points in the art world are Constable’s Cloud Studies, John Ruskin’s writings on clouds in which he highlighted the effects of human industrial activity on the atmosphere over the cities and natural landscapes, Alfred Stieglitz’s Equivalents, and Gerhard Lang’s Cloud Walks. These reference points provide a rich history of artistic approaches to clouds that is worthwhile exploring as indicated by this article that connects Ruskin’s storm clouds, the new climate and Victorian aesthetics with the present.


Dehumidification system with freecooling function
Thermodynamic dehumidifier with freecooling function
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING is a thermodynamic dehumidification system designed to meet the temperature and humidity requirements for greenhouse cultivation.
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING uses thermodynamic technology to dehumidify the air in the greenhouse. This technology extracts humidity from the air and condenses it, creating a more favourable environment for plant growth.
DEMET’AIR FREECOOLING has a freecooling function that allows the greenhouse to be cooled on hot days by using outside air. Often greenhouses are much warmer than the outside, reaching a difference of 5, 10 or even 15°C. The temperature remains too high for the crop even with ventilation via vents. To solve this problem, the freecooling function is used to draw in fresh air from outside and blow it into the greenhouse via the dehumidifier fan. The parameters for activating this function are defined in the controller, such as the maximum temperature in the greenhouse, the minimum temperature outside and the outdoor humidity. Compared to adiabatic cooling, this system is simpler and more economical.


In 2021, North America witnessed severe heatwaves and searing wildfires in British Columbia, California, and other parts of the west. Lytton, BC recorded a Canadian record high temperature of 49.6˚C on June 30th, before being completely destroyed by wildfire on June 31st. In Ontario, a record-breaking 120 mm of rainfall fell within 48 hours in London in September 2021, causing intense flooding. Collectively, all these events present local evidence of a planet in the grip of weather extremes fueled by rising carbon emissions.
The Canadian Institute for Climate Choices in their Tip of the Iceberg report (2020) found that the combined losses per weather-related disaster soared in just four decades by 1250% – from an average of $8.3 million per event in the 1970s to an average of $112 million between 2010–2019.
As part of the Paris Agreement on climate change, countries committed to keeping global warming well below 2˚C above pre-industrial levels while trying to limit the temperature increase to 1.5˚C. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) examined the difference in impacts between a 1.5˚C and 2˚C temperature increase. Their findings suggest that the world will face severe climate impacts even with 1.5˚C of warming, and the impacts will worsen significantly with a 2˚C rise.
The IPCC Special Report found that at 2˚C warming, countries like Canada will see an increase in heavy rainfall events compared to 1.5˚C warming. More Canadian municipalities will get impacted by flooding and increased runoff. Recent costs of extreme precipitation and related events for Ontario’s municipalities include – in July 2021, severe thunderstorms and a resultant tornado destroyed 150 homes leading to $75 million in insured damages in Barrie, Ontario. A May 2018 wind and rainstorm in Hamilton & the GTA resulted in losses of over $500m. These events are likely going to multiply if the temperature rises by 2˚C.
At Earth’s mid-latitudes, the hottest days will be up to 3˚C hotter at 1.5˚C global warming and up to 4˚C warmer at 2˚C warming. Eastern North America will face some of the warmest extreme temperatures. The soaring temperatures seen in British Columbia in the summer of 2021 indicate that huge temperature spikes can occur where they are least expected. This single event led to more than 560 deaths. At warming above 1.5˚C, residents of twice as many cities are likely to become heat stressed, potentially leading to extreme heat exhaustion and death.
A 2°C increase could also lead to expansion and shifts in the geographic range of vector-borne diseases. The number of people infected with vector-borne diseases is projected to increase. For example, rising temperatures in Canada have led to a range expansion of ticks carrying Lyme disease. In Ontario, 1003 cases of Lyme disease were reported in 2017, which is three times higher than the annual average of 313 cases from 2012 to 2016.
Besides these, there are numerous impacts associated with the rising temperatures that are difficult to quantify including a rise in concentrations of ground-level ozone impacting the health of people, mental health impacts on people due to weather-related disasters, changing precipitation conditions making homes uninhabitable, threatening drinking water supplies and increasing food insecurity to name a few.
Municipalities have influence over roughly 50% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. Despite constrained resources, now, more than ever, municipalities are working towards stronger climate actions. To limit their greenhouse gas emissions, the City of Edmonton was the first in Canada to create a 135 Mt carbon budget and more municipalities are following the lead. Across Canada, municipalities are adopting Green Development Standards to create cleaner, more cost-effective, and energy-efficient communities in the future. Climate change inclusion needs to occur within various municipal plans for well-rounded decision-making. Sharing successes and lessons learnt with their peers will help municipalities take collaborative and strong climate action.
By, Devanshi Kukadia, Research and Communications Manager


Large industrial ceiling fans can effectively reduce the temperature of the factory warehouse, but can they reduce air humidity?
Air humidity is a concept that expresses the water vapor content and degree of humidity in the air. In some warehouse workshops such as food, tobacco, textiles, medicinal materials, chemical products, steel hardware, etc., there are certain requirements for the humidity in the air. If the humidity is too high, it may cause dampness, mildew, corrosion, and deterioration of the stored items. The indoor air standard released by the state indicates that the comfortable humidity of the human body is 40%-80% relative humidity in summer and 30%-60% in winter. Therefore, if the relative humidity in the air is too high, it will also affect the working conditions of factories and warehouses. Physical comfort affects work efficiency. Therefore, no matter from the perspective of cargo storage or personnel operation, the workshop warehouse needs to control the air humidity.
The airflow formed by the huge blades of a large industrial ceiling fan is pushed from top to bottom to the ground in a conical shape and flows horizontally to the ground. After encountering side barriers or horizontal airflow from adjacent fans, it is pushed upward to the roof. Quickly exchange with outdoor fresh air through doors, windows, or roof fans, which reduces the retention of indoor moisture, can effectively reduce indoor air humidity, and can relatively adjust the indoor air humidity by adjusting the speed of industrial large ceiling fans, regardless of whether the workshop or warehouse is right There are humidity requirements for cargo storage or personnel operations, and large industrial ceiling fans can meet the function of reducing humidity.


| < August >
|Normal Max/ High Temperature
|Min/ Low Temperature
|Number of Wet Days (probability of rain on a day)
|Average Sunlight per day
|Average Daylight per day
|Sunny (Cloudy) Daylight Hours
|Sun altitude at solar noon on the 21st day.
- The average temperature in Buenos Aires in August is quite mild at 12.3 °C (54.14 °F).
- Afternoons can be very mild with average high temperatures reaching 17.1 °C (62.8 °F).
- Overnight temperatures are generally a little cool with an average low of 8.3 °C (46.9 °F).
- In August the average daily temperature range/ variation is 8.8 °C (15.8 °F).
- The weather in August is marginally dry with intermittent rain. Only 69.8mm (2.7in) of fluid falls during an average of 8 days.
- The heavens above Buenos Aires are reasonably fine having on average a moderate 6:00 of dazzling sunlight per day.
- The shortest day is 10:24 long and the longest day is 11:22 long with an average length of 10:52.
- There are approximately 4:43 per day when bright sunshine is absent due to cloud, haze or the sun being too low on the horizon to register.
- It is sunny approximately 55.9% of daylight hours and cloudy 44.1% of daylight hours.
Check the distance to and compare the Buenos Aires August averages with somewhere beginning with:
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | All
Weather Trend Graph for August in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Navigate to August Weather in Locations Surrounding Buenos Aires:
- Paso De Los Toros, Uruguay - 268.5 kms (166.8 miles) NE
- Mercedes, Uruguay - 153.1 kms (95.2 miles) NNE
- Colonia, Uruguay - 67.3 kms (41.8 miles) ENE
- Aeroparque B. Aires, Argentina - 6.4 kms (4 miles) ENE
- Carrasco, Uruguay - 227.6 kms (141.5 miles) E
- Montevideo, Uruguay - 210.8 kms (131 miles) E
- Prado, Uruguay - 210.4 kms (130.7 miles) E
- La Plata, Argentina - 68.2 kms (42.4 miles) SE
- Punta Del Este, Uruguay - 321.4 kms (199.7 miles) E
- Punta Indio, Argentina - 139.8 kms (86.9 miles) SE
- Dolores, Argentina - 207.9 kms (129.2 miles) SSE


Freezing precipitation and snow is expected on Thursday and extremely low temperatures and wind chills are forecasted through the weekend. The City of Carterville has been taking steps this week to prepare for the incoming weather, including insulating vulnerable water valves and meters and strategically pre-treating intersections on snow routes. Because of the rain expected before the snow, full pre-treatment of all streets will cause a loss of road salt from rain water washing the salt down the storm drains.
We ask that residents avoid unnecessary travel during the precipitation and over the next three days. In the event of an issue with water/sewer or roads outside of City Hall’s normal hours of operation, please call the Carterville Fire Department’s non-emergency line at 618-985-8060. If there is an emergency, please call 911.
Although our Street Department plans to keep all roads clear, the possibility of black ice before the snow and single digit temperatures will create many challenges. The City will be focused on making designated snow routes passable first, then working outward into neighborhoods. Attached below is a link to the map of Carterville Snow Routes. Please be safe during the coming days and Happy Holidays!


The front has pushed well south of our area leading to good rainfall this morning across the Hill Country and the Houston area. We are left with much cooler temperatures with around a twenty degree drop in highs from yesterday, high near 53. Partly sunny with a breezy northeast wind 15-20mph.
TONIGHT: A upper level low will push east across New Mexico bringing good lift across our area. We don't have a lot of moisture, but enough to get some light precipitation. With freezing/ near freezing morning temperatures, light snow with little to no accumulation expected. Also, some light showers when temperatures aren't freezing into Saturday morning.
WEEKEND: It stays cloudy and cold Saturday with the high only warming to the low 40s. The chance for any precipitation will begin clearing from west to east. Rain amounts staying light with some locations a tenth of an inch. Clouds begin to clear early Sunday, then sunny but cool again. Northerly wind increases 15-25mph for another breezy day.
NEXT WEEK: Temperatures will climb and drop through the week with the warmest day Tuesday. Morning temperatures below freezing and frigid Monday morning. Wind speeds increase again with the next front to drop us back to the 40s Wednesday.
-Meteorologist Bobby Johnston


At the beginning of July, whilst we still had a summer, I took a trip up to Craigmeade on the Lomond Hills, in Fife. For the map of this location, click here.
It seems crazy it was only a month ago, Autumn seems to have arrived very early this year just a few days after I took these photos.
The beginning of the morning was completely cloudless, but by 10 am wisps of clouds had started to develop on the tops of the Lomond Hills.
By mid morning, I was able to watch the clouds developing over the top of Falkland Hill, one of the high points on the Lomond Hills.
By late morning the clouds had begun to develop in earnest, as the warmer air pushed the moist air higher over the hills.
Between the thicker cloud there was some wonderful high level cirrus clouds. these clouds consist almost totally of small ice crystals due to the altitude at which they form. The lower fluffier clouds (nimbostratus) consist of small droplets of water, and generate rain, something we have seen plenty of this summer.
On my walk back up the valley, heading towards the Craigmeade car park, I noticed how you could now make out the line of the North fife Hills, from the band of nimbostratus cloud in the distance.
Coming up soon, the flowers and insects that I saw on this brief walk.
If you have any questions or would like to comment on this or any other post, please feel free to use the comment section below.


A Breath of Fresh Air: Examining Air Pollution in the European Union
The amount of air pollution in the EU has not yet reached desirable levels, but is still contributing to worsened air conditions and causing serious diseases. The EU has created several targeted actions to actively reduce pollution, including aligning EU standards with recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and set common standards across the EU: The Ambient Air Quality Directives (Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC).
Air quality in Europe has been a major concern for the European Union (EU) in recent years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 90% of the world’s population breathes polluted air, and this has serious consequences for human health. In Europe, poor air quality is responsible for over 400,000 premature deaths each year, making it a leading cause of preventable death in the region.
To address this issue, the EU has implemented a number of measures in recent years to improve air quality. One of the key initiatives has been the adoption of the National Emissions Ceiling Directive, which sets limits on the levels of certain pollutants that can be emitted in each member state. The directive aims to reduce levels of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the air, as these pollutants have been linked to a range of health problems, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature death.
In addition to this, the EU has also established a number of other initiatives to improve air quality. For example, the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) program initiated in 2001, aims to reduce air pollution by promoting the use of cleaner technologies and fuels, and by encouraging the development of sustainable transport systems. The EU also supports the development of green infrastructure, such as green roofs, green walls, and urban green spaces, which can help to reduce air pollution by absorbing and filtering pollutants from the air.
Despite these efforts, there are still significant challenges to improving air quality in Europe. One major obstacle is the continued use of fossil fuels, which are a major source of air pollution. The EU is working to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, but this transition will take time and will require significant investment in cleaner technologies and infrastructure.
Another challenge is the growing trend of urbanization in Europe, which is leading to increased traffic and congestion in cities. This can result in higher levels of air pollution, particularly from vehicles, which are a major source of NOx and PM. To address this, the EU is promoting the development of low-emission transport systems, such as electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as encouraging the use of public transport and active modes of travel, such as walking and cycling.
In conclusion, air quality in Europe is a major concern, with poor air quality responsible for over 400,000 premature deaths each year. The EU has implemented a number of measures in recent years to improve air quality, including the National Emissions Ceiling Directive and the Clean Air for Europe program. However, there are still significant challenges to improving air quality, including the continued use of fossil fuels and the growth of urbanization. To address these challenges, the EU will need to continue to invest in cleaner technologies and infrastructure and promote sustainable transport solutions.
Where does Circular Economy fit in this equation?
Firstly, a Circular Economy aims to reduce waste and maximize the use of resources by design, which can help to reduce the environmental impact of production and consumption. This can include the use of renewable resources and the implementation of closed-loop systems, where waste is recycled or reused instead of being discarded. By reducing the demand for raw materials and the amount of waste generated, a circular economy can help to reduce the pollution associated with resource extraction and disposal.
Second, a Circular Economy can also promote the use of cleaner technologies and processes. For example, the reuse of materials can reduce the need for energy-intensive production processes, which can result in lower greenhouse gas emissions and improved air quality. In addition, a circular economy can encourage the adoption of more efficient and cleaner technologies, such as renewable energy sources, which can further reduce pollution and improve air quality.
Third, a Circular Economy can also help to reduce the environmental impacts of transportation, which is a major source of air pollution in Europe. For example, a circular economy can promote the use of sustainable transport systems, such as electric and hybrid vehicles, which emit fewer pollutants than traditional internal combustion engines. In addition, a circular economy can also encourage the use of public transport and active modes of travel, such as walking and cycling, which can help to reduce congestion and improve air quality in urban areas.
Overall, a transition to a Circular Economy can have a number of positive effects on air quality, including the reduction of waste and resource use, the adoption of cleaner technologies and processes, and the promotion of sustainable transport solutions.
In conclusion, the European Union (EU) has implemented a number of measures to address the major concern of poor air quality in the region, which is responsible for over 400,000 premature deaths each year. These measures include the National Emissions Ceiling Directive and the Clean Air for Europe program, as well as efforts to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote sustainable transport solutions. The adoption of a Circular Economy approach can also play a role in improving air quality by reducing waste and resource consumption, promoting the use of cleaner technologies and processes, and encouraging the development of green infrastructure. However, significant challenges remain in addressing the issue of air quality in Europe, including the continued reliance on fossil fuels and the impact of urbanization. It will be important for the EU to continue to prioritize and invest in initiatives that address these challenges and work towards improving the air quality in the region.
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Monsoon Update: Delayed Arrival Predicted, Kerala to Witness Rainfall by June 5th
The much-awaited southwest monsoon is predicted to arrive in Kerala later than usual this year, bringing unfavorable news for farmers across the country. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted that the start of the southwest monsoon in the southern state will be postponed by four days. Typically, the monsoon makes its first appearance in Kerala around June 1st, marking the official commencement of the rainy season in India. Last year, in 2022, the monsoon reached Kerala on May 29th, while in 2021, it arrived on June 1st.
Despite the delay, meteorological experts suggest that the monsoon is likely to remain within normal parameters this year. The IMD's earlier announcement indicated that the Long Period Average (LPA) rainfall is expected to be around 96%. When rainfall falls between 90% and 95% of the LPA, it is considered below normal. If
the rainfall ranges from 96% to 104% of the LPA, it is deemed normal. Rainfall between 104% and 110% of the LPA is classified as above normal, while above 110% is considered excess rainfall, and below 90% is categorized as deficient rainfall.
The timely arrival and adequate distribution of monsoon rainfall are crucial for India's agriculture sector, as approximately 70% of the country's rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon season. The availability of water from monsoon rains is a lifeline for 70% to 80% of farmers who depend on irrigation for their crops. Consequently, their crop yields are significantly influenced by the performance of the monsoon, be it good or bad. A poor monsoon can exacerbate inflationary pressures, further burdening the farmers.
In addition to its impact on agriculture, the monsoon also plays a vital role in overall food grain production.
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If the rainfall remains normal, the country can expect to maintain a healthy food grain production level. This forecast brings hope for relief from rising prices and potential stability in food supplies. The sowing of summer crops usually begins around June 1st, coinciding with the arrival of the monsoon in India. The sowing process continues until August. Hence, the timely and adequate monsoon rainfall is vital for a successful agricultural season.
It is essential to note that the official declaration of monsoon onset is made based on specific criteria. The announcement is made when at least 8 out of 14 designated stations in Kerala, Lakshadweep, and Karnataka report a minimum of 2.5 millimeters of rainfall for two consecutive days. This criterion ensures a comprehensive assessment of the monsoon's progress and widespread impact in the region.
Stay informed and prepared for the
delayed monsoon this year. Keep track of the latest weather updates from the IMD and local meteorological authorities. By staying updated, farmers can plan their agricultural activities accordingly, making the best use of available resources and minimizing potential risks.
In conclusion, while the southwest monsoon is anticipated to arrive later than usual in Kerala, the overall outlook suggests a normal monsoon with expected rainfall within the Long Period Average range. This news brings optimism for farmers and the general public, as it signals the possibility of adequate food grain production and potential relief from inflationary pressures. By closely monitoring the monsoon's progress and adjusting farming practices accordingly, farmers can optimize their yields and contribute to the nation's agricultural stability.
Remember to stay connected to reliable sources for accurate and up-to-date information on the monsoon's progress and its impact on various regions.


I was born in 1946, several years after the drought on the Great Plains of the US broke. Rain started falling again in 1939, putting the end of the “Dust Bowl” in sight. I had heard of the Great Depression era Dust Bowl that started in 1930 all my life. But I just connected the “dust” with how DRY the land was, where folks couldn’t grow crops. I knew that wind often blew the dust around, but I pictured in my mind’s eye just some swirls of dust.
It was only a few years ago that, for the first time, I saw a pic with one of these monster “rolling” dust clouds, as shown above, enveloping buildings and whole towns and cities. They could be more than a mile high, and up to 200 miles wide! It would be just like a mountain range rolling toward you! I was dumbfounded. To realize that they ravaged much of the country, sometimes all the way from just east of the Rockies to the East Coast, is mind-boggling. To realize that the conditions that ultimately led to them were in large measure “man-caused” is even more mind-boggling. I had always thought that the whole “Dust Bowl era” was just a “freak of nature.”
From Wiki article, Dust Bowl:
The Dust Bowl, or the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands in the 1930s. The phenomenon was caused by severe drought combined with a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion.
Extensive deep plowing of the virgin topsoil of the Great Plains in the preceding decade had displaced the natural deep-rooted grasses that normally kept the soil in place and trapped moisture even during periods of drought and high winds. Rapid mechanization of farm implements, especially small gasoline tractors and widespread use of the combine harvester, were significant in the decisions to convert arid grassland (much of which received no more than 10 inches (250 mm) of precipitation per year) to cultivated cropland.
During the drought of the 1930s, without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away with the prevailing winds. At times, the clouds blackened the sky, reaching all the way to East Coast cities such as New York City and Washington, D.C.. These immense dust storms – given names such as “black blizzards” and “black rollers” – often reduced visibility to a few feet (a meter) or less.
… beginning on May 9, 1934, a strong, two-day dust storm removed massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst such storms of the Dust Bowl. The dust clouds blew all the way to Chicago, where they deposited 12 million pounds of dust. Two days later, the same storm reached cities in the east, such as Buffalo, Boston, Cleveland, New York City, and Washington, D.C. That winter (1934–1935), red snow fell on New England.
FromWiki article, Black Sunday:
Black Sunday refers to a particularly severe dust storm that took place on April 14, 1935, as part of the Dust Bowl. It was one of the worst dust storms in American history and it caused immense economic and agricultural damage.
…Musicians and songwriters began to reflect the Dust Bowl and the events of the 1930s in their music. Woody Guthrie, a singer/songwriter from Oklahoma, wrote a variety of songs documenting his experiences living during the era of dust storms. One of his songs, “Great Dust Storm”, describes the events of Black Sunday. An excerpt of the lyrics follows:
On the 14th day of April of 1935,
There struck the worst of dust storms that ever filled the sky.
You could see that dust storm comin’, the cloud looked deathlike black,
And through our mighty nation, it left a dreadful track.
From Oklahoma City to the Arizona line,
Dakota and Nebraska to the lazy Rio Grande,
It fell across our city like a curtain of black rolled down,
We thought it was our judgement, we thought it was our doom.
Ken Burns did a major series on the Dust Bowl that first aired on PBS in 2012. It is now available for viewing on Youtube. Check out the five minute trailer for the series below, that has a number of film clips of what it was like during one of these storms, and some short interviews with survivors. If you find it of interest and would like to see the whole series, just type “Ken Burns dust bowl” in the search engine on Youtube.com


‘Amphan’ likely to cross Bangladesh coast between Tuesday and Wednesday
The severe cyclonic storm ‘Amphan’ may cross Bangladesh coast, between Khulna-Chattogram, between Tuesday late night and Wednesday evening.
The storm moved northwards and now lies over the west central Bay and adjoining south Bay, according to the latest special weather bulletin of Bangladesh Meteorological Department.
It was centred, at 6:00am today, about 1,150km south-southwest of Chattogram Port, 1,090km south-southwest of Cox’s Bazar Port, 1070km south-southwest of Mongla Port and 1,050km south-southwest of Payra port, the bulletin said.
It is likely to intensify further and move in a north-northwesterly direction and then re-curve north-northeast wards, it said.
Maximum sustained wind speed within 74km of the storm centre is about 110kph rising to 130kph in gusts/squalls.
Sea will remain very high near the cyclone centre, the bulletin said.
Maritime ports of Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar, Mongla and Payra have been advised to keep hoisted local warning signal no. four (r) four.
All fishing boats and trawlers over north Bay and deep sea have been advised to remain close to the coast and proceed with caution till further notice, so that they can take shelter within a short notice.
They are also advised not to venture into the deep sea.
Meanwhile, India Meteorological Department said cyclone Amphan has intensified into an extremely severe storm overnight and is likely to strengthen further to become a super cyclone.
The storm is likely to “further intensify” over the next six hours, it said, adding that the cyclone is “very likely to move north-northeastwards and move fast across northwest Bay and cross West Bengal — Bangladesh coasts between Digha (West Bengal) and Hatiya Islands (Bangladesh) during the afternoon or evening of May 20 (Wednesday).”


The department does research related to forests and climate. More specifically, the department develops competence on the role of forests in the climate system and the effect of climate changes on forests. Further, we focus on the role of forest management, both in climate change mitigation and adaptation contexts. The department has a responsibility to communicate this knowledge to private and public forest management, and to the general public as a foundation for the low emission society.
Department of Forest and Climate has a special responsibility to develop methods to quantify the effect of forestry and other land use on the climate system, working together with the Norwegian Environment Agency on the Norwegian national greenhouse gas inventory under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol. The Climate Centrer has the responsibility for the inventory of the LULUCF-sector (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry), including developing and improving methods and models used to estimate emissions of greenhouse gases from forestry and other land-use.


20. Aurora Borealis and Australis – North and South Hemispheres
The closer you get to the north or south poles, the more likely you may be lucky enough to see the beautiful ethereal glows of an aurora lit sky. The phenomenon is the aurora borealis or Northern Lights in the northern hemisphere. In the southern hemisphere, it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. How does it happen? Particles electrically charged by the sun enter the atmosphere. The result is a multi-colored magical night sky!


Rochester NBC affiliate, WHEC reports chunks of ice fell from the Powers Building and others downtown and Rochester Police responded to several accidents Wednesday morning due to slick road conditions.
“You might look down because you’re worried about slipping on the ice but when you look up, you may wonder when an icicle is going to fall. This time of year is dangerous for anyone outside on the roads and sidewalks in northern cities like Rochester,” car accident lawyer Ross Cellino said.
Just 32 miles outside Rochester, Route 63 was shut down due tractor-trailer crashes in the Genesee County town of Bethany.
The National Weather Service reported a wintry mix of drizzling rain and snow flurries in Western New York at the time of these accidents, making roads extremely icy.
“We get many calls this time of year because of the melting snow and refreezing ice,” Cellino said. “Studies have shown the best thing to do is stay inside.”
Forecasters expect the temperatures to drop into the teens and low twenties heading into the weekend but by Monday, temperatures could hit 40 degrees. With over 90 inches of snow for the season, Rochester has a long melt down ahead.


Partly cloudy with a slight chance of thunderstorms. High 76F. Winds ESE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 30%. Locally heavy rainfall possible..
Thunderstorms likely. Storms may contain strong gusty winds. Low 66F. Winds SE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 90%.
Updated: August 24, 2019 @ 10:35 am


A class 1 cyclone warning is in force in Mauritius.
The weather station of Vacoas has issued a first cyclone bulletin at 4:15 pm this Saturday, February 4, 2017.”The tropical depression that was evolving in the northern neighborhood of Mauritius intensified into a moderate tropical storm this afternoon and was named Carlos by the Mauritius Meteorological Service,” said the weather station.At 4 pm, moderate tropical storm Carlos was centered in latitude 16.5 degrees South and longitude 56.6 degrees East, at a distance of 410 kilometers almost north of Mauritius.Carlos moves in a south-southeast direction at about 10 km / h. On this trajectory, the moderate tropical storm is approaching Mauritius and represents a potential threat to the island, explains the Vacoas station in a statement.The station of Vacoas asks the public to take all the preliminary precautions.”The weather will remain cloudy overcast with scattered showers. The showers will be moderate to severe at times accompanied by thunderstorms especially in the north and on the central plateau. There will be accumulations of water and floods in rivers and other rivers. The public is advised not to venture into these high-risk areas. Pockets of fog will be present reducing visibility. The road users are asked to be very careful, “warns the station of Vacoas.Gusts of the order of 60 km / h are expected. The sea will become large with northern waves. Sea excursions are strongly discouraged. The next cyclone bulletin will be issued at 10 pm on Saturday.


Emergency respiratory care visits increase among older Medicare beneficiaries in the days surrounding a thunderstorm, according to a new study from Harvard Medical School.
Investigators collected county-level atmospheric and lightning data for the contiguous United States from 1999 through 2012. The data were analyzed alongside insurance claims and comorbidity data from Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries older than age 65.
Their analysis showed that visits to an emergency department for respiratory problems were highest among older adults when storm-related temperature and particulate matter concentrations rose. In a population of about 38 million older Americans, this accounted for 52,000 additional respiratory emergency department visits during the 14-year study period — all in the three or more days surrounding major storms, they estimated.
The link between storms and respiratory distress was particularly notable among people with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In fact, previous studies have shown an association between common chronic respiratory conditions and rising temperatures and particulate matter concentrations in the Medicare population, reported Anupam B. Jena, M.D., Ph.D., of Harvard, and colleagues from the University of Oregon and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
“[This] may contribute to strain on the healthcare system as storm activity increases with rising global temperatures,” the researchers concluded.
The study results were published online Monday in a JAMA Internal Medicine research letter.