Do lawn leaf bags come in different sizes?
Yes, our lawn leaf bags are available in various sizes to accommodate different amounts of yard waste. You can choose the size that best suits your needs, whether you have a small yard or a larger outdoor space.
Are lawn leaf bags reusable?
While some lawn leaf bags are designed for single-use, there are reusable options available in the market. These reusable bags are typically made from durable materials and can withstand multiple seasons of use. Look for specifically labeled reusable lawn leaf bags if you prefer an environmentally-friendly and cost-effective choice.
Can lawn leaf bags handle wet leaves?
Yes, our lawn leaf bags are designed to handle wet leaves and other damp yard waste. The materials used are water-resistant and prevent moisture from seeping through, keeping the bag and its contents secure. You can confidently use these bags even during rainy seasons or after watering your garden.
How do I close and seal the lawn leaf bags?
Our lawn leaf bags feature easy-to-use closures that allow you to seal the bags securely. Once you have filled the bag with yard waste, simply gather the top edges and twist them tightly. Some bags also come with built-in ties or drawstrings for added convenience. Ensure the closure is tight to prevent any contents from spilling or leaking.
Are lawn leaf bags suitable for other outdoor cleanup tasks?
Absolutely! While lawn leaf bags are commonly used for collecting leaves and grass clippings, they are versatile enough to handle other outdoor cleanup tasks. You can use these bags for disposing of branches, twigs, and other garden debris. Additionally, they can be handy for organizing and transporting bulky items during outdoor events or camping trips.
Do lawn leaf bags have reinforced handles for easy carrying?
Yes, our lawn leaf bags are equipped with reinforced handles that provide a comfortable grip. These handles are designed to withstand the weight of the filled bag and make it easier to carry the yard waste to the designated disposal area. Say goodbye to flimsy bags with unreliable handles!
Can I use lawn leaf bags for indoor storage?
While lawn leaf bags are primarily designed for outdoor use, they can also serve as temporary storage solutions indoors. Whether you need to pack away seasonal clothing, kids' toys, or household items, these bags offer a spacious and affordable option. However, for long-term storage or delicate items, we recommend using dedicated storage containers.
Are there eco-friendly options for lawn leaf bags?
Yes, we have a range of eco-friendly lawn leaf bags that are made from biodegradable materials. These bags are designed to break down naturally over time, reducing their impact on the environment. By choosing eco-friendly options, you can contribute to sustainable waste management practices and minimize your carbon footprint.


Rare 5 acre building lot. Prior row crop ground with views and water rights. Quiet country living yet close to I84. Pressurized irrigation included. Building permit available. Limited CC&Rs and no HOA, no dues. Shared irrigation and road maintenance agreements in place. Note final address will be Edenbrook Ln, not Goodson Rd.
The data on this website relating to real estate for sale comes in part from the IDX Program of the Mountain Central Association of REALTORS.
All information is believed accurate but not guaranteed. The properties displayed may not be all of the properties available through the IDX Program. Any use of this site other than by potential buyers or sellers is strictly prohibited.


Soil Health Principles
Plant Diversity can be achieved in multiple ways. A producer can add a cover crop to their rotation, they can inter seed cover crops into their cash crop. Plant diversity boost a plants immune system so that it can fight off harmful parasitic fungi and also increases a plants drought tolerance. This is accomplished because plants of different species share micronutrients with one another. Plants of the same species will not share micronutrients with one another.
Why not? Who doesn’t love cattle? Adding livestock to a system helps to improve any regenerative system. When properly manage, cattle can get armor on the soil by eating your cover crop reside or cash crop reside. Once the material has passed through their gut and place back on the ground their manure provides beneficial microbes and fertilizer to your system.
Continual Living Root(Living Roots As Long As Possible)
Keeping living plant roots in the ground year-round is the biggest challenge in a dry environment. This principle is in place because roots build soil structure through the secretion of exudates. Exudates bind soil particles together to form aggreges and aggreges build soil. Aggreges also allow for more water filtration allowing a producer to capture more moister in rain events. Living roots are important but it is also important to follow the 6th soil health principle of Know Your Context. It is the fall and it is too dry for a farmer to get a cover crop to germinate after corn, you might want to wait until the spring to get a cover crop established. We have had a challenge with wind erosion when trying to plant when it is too dry.
Leaving armor on the soil is one of the most important soil health principles to follow. This is accomplished by leaving reside from a cash crop or cover crop rather than, bailing the residue for hay, over grazing it or tilling/ working the reside into the ground. Leaving soil armor reduces water and wind erosion, Keeps the soil moister in the ground during hot summer days and decreases water evaporation. The reside also provides protection for earthworms.
Tillage is extremely destructive to the health of the soil. Tillage destroys fungal life, eliminates aggregate stability and decimates the habitat for earthworms, protozoa, nematodes, microarthropods and other beneficial microbial life. Incorporating no-till to minimize the disturbance within the soil ecosystem is the best way to start building up the life within our farm ground.
Know Your Context
The newest of all soil health principles might be just be my favorite. A farmer must know his climate, soils and goal for his farming operation and apply the first 5 soil health principles to the best of his ability. If you search soil health principles you will find that other people have different takes on the first 5 I listed. No farm is the same and applying the principles will look a little different in each environment.


About six months ago we decided to plant every seed we had from fruits and vegetables, along with plants from the local Farmers Market. We decided to grow our first garden together once we realized how great we feel after eating only organic fruits and vegetables. We also planted our organic garden out of curiosity. We live in Florida so the climate is perfect for our new outdoors project. So we did our research and found ways to germinate the seeds, feed, and graft the trees to promote rapid flowering. We found that manure was a great way to get our garden growing. Witnessing new life rooting from the seeds of the fruits and vegetables is a treasure. We strive to reap all the benefits from plant based foods. The garden is our sanctuary, our place of relaxation, growth and living enzymes! Sometimes we will excercise our bodies by the garden to breathe its eager vitality. Although we grew many seeds unfortunately some did not root, however many did! Including; pineapple tops, papaya seed, date seed, lemon seed, sunflower seed, avocado seed, coconut, mint and milkweed and patiently waiting to see some escarole, kale, jackfruit, mamey, lychee and apple trees.


On April 18th, SJWTX implemented Stage 1 Watering Restrictions for all customers in Comal and Blanco counties. Landscape irrigation with a sprinkler or irrigation system will be limited to one day per week. Watering variances will not be approved during Stage 1 or any other declared drought stage.
As weather conditions are forecasted to be drier than average through the summer months, we expect to move into progressive stages early this summer.
To learn more about Drought Contingency, click on the service area you live in:


10 Reasons To Go Organic
- Organic products meet stringent national standards. The “Organic Canada” label assures the public that products have been grown and handled using strict methods and guidelines.
- Reduction of chemicals! Many herbicides and insecticides commonly used in agriculture have been shown to be endocrine disruptors, carcinogens or have a negative effect on a child’s development. The choice of certified organic products is a way to reduce exposure to chemical residues. This is even more true with synthetic ingredients found in conventional cosmetics.
- Organic farms take water seriously. Organic farmers must manage their land and lives around bodies of water very carefully and are subject to annual inspections. The absence of synthetic fertilizers and persistent toxic chemicals makes organic agriculture more conducive to protecting our precious water supplies.
- Organic farmers work in harmony with nature. Organic farming contributes to the formation of healthy ecosystems and biodiversity, both on and around organic farms and more importantly for promoting sustainability and ecological balance.
- Biological methods reduce pollution and energy loss. More energy is needed to produce synthetic fertilizers from fossil fuels than to grow and harvest crops or transport food. Canadian studies show that organic farming practices can use as little as half of the energy required for other farming methods and help sequester carbon back into the soil.
- Protecting the health of farmers and children. Farmers exposed to pesticides are much more likely to suffer from cancer than non-farmers or organic farmers. Children are more exposed than adults when they ingest pesticide residues in food. The choice of organic products reduces the exposure for children and farmers.
- Organic Farmers Contribute to Healthy Soil. Soil is the very foundation of the food chain. Organic agriculture focuses on sustainable practices that promote healthy soil microbiology and prevent erosion leaving fertile soil that will feed future generations.
- Organic farming is good for rural Canada. The Census for Agriculture has shown that organic farming families, on average, are more successful in harvesting than the typical Canadian farm and on average employ more people.
- Organic producers strive to preserve genetic diversity. The loss of a wide variety of species (biodiversity) is one of the most important concerns of our time. Fortunately, for decades, many organic farmers have been collecting and preserving seeds and cultivating heritage varieties and breeding rare livestock breeds.
- Organic is the only standard for non-genetically modified products enforced by the Government of Canada. Organic standards prohibit the use of GMOs in seeds, feed and feed ingredients as well as processed organic products. If you are concerned about GMOs, think before you eat: think Organic Canada!
The ECOCERT®, COSMÉBIO and COSMOS standards that we follow in body care and cosmetics at Druide® Laboratories go even further than in agriculture, since all transformation processes are evaluated, as well as, all added ingredients, such as natural preservatives or natural stabilizers. No petroleum products are allowed and there is no testing on animals for ingredients or finished products. Two annual audits are done on-site and with all our suppliers for ingredients and packaging.


CONDUCTIVITY METERS AND WHY YOU NEED TO CALIBRATE
29 September 2019
An EC (Electronic Conductivity) Meter is a device used to measure the electrical conductivity of a solution. Small labs use these types of meters to help solve problems in the agricultural sector that concern the productivity of a soil.
Calibrating Conductivity meters is important to ensure their abilities to measure how well solutions conduct electricity and remain accurate. You should calibrate the instrument each time it is used in order to get accurate readings at all times.
How to Calibrate:
Calibration of these meters require the use of a solution that has a known conductivity to adjust the meter so as to read that known conductivity when testing that solution. Metal containers will affect the conductivity of the solution, so it is important to always use a plastic container when checking and calibrating the conductivity meter.
The calibration process of conductivity meters does require a keen and clean procedure to ensure the device is set to make accurate measurements. Contamination of the standard solution can cause its conductivity to vary away from the known.
Conductivity of solutions also depends on other variables such as temperature, and such factors have to be considered correctly when calibrating a particular meter. Electronic calibration should be conducted by well-trained people, to handle such solutions and done in appropriate lab environments.
For more than 30 years, Scientific Instrument Center has served businesses. We provide thorough, honest, and dependable services specializing in scientific equipment maintenance and scientific equipment calibrations.
To inquire about our services, you may contact us or give us a call at (614) 771-4700.
We are here to answer any questions you may have.


Summer CSA Half Share
Family of two (Pick up every week)
Pick up days: Sunday (9AM-5PM), Tuesday (9AM-6PM), Thursday (9AM-6PM)
Fair Weather Growers Responsibility: Harvest produce that meets our high quality standard. Have shares packed and ready for pick-up on the designated days and time. Write and post Weekly Newsletter. We are a vegetable grower. Your box will be primarily vegetables. Fruits will be added only when available from local growers and feasible
Members Responsibility: Pick up their share on designated day and within allowed timeframe. If you can’t pick up send a friend, family member, or coworker to pick it up. Read the Weekly Newsletter, will be email to the above email this is the primary way we communicate with all of our members; there is some very important information in it. Understand that your payment entitles you to a weekly share of produce and also the risk involved in agriculture. (Such as weather and crop failure). Understand that as a member of the CSA I share in that risk and accept unforeseen outcomes.


The Colombian Sugarcane decaf process is unique in its ability to retain exceptional flavour while using natural extraction methods. This process uses solvent produced from fermenting locally grown sugarcane.
The delicate process of decaffeination begins by steaming the green coffee to remove the silver skins and increase porosity. They then soak them in the solvent which extracts the caffeine. The cup retains sweetness and the original character of the beans. Due to being processed at origin it also reduces the carbon footprint over other decaffeination processes. This coffee is also part of our flagship sustainability program.


Science on Tap - Growing Local Food: Small-scale farming in a big farm state
Speaker: Dr. Brandi Janssen (Director, Iowa’s Center for Agricultural Safety and Health; Clinical Assistant Professor, Occupational and Environmental Health)
In Iowa, agriculture looms large. The state is the number one producer of corn, soybeans, and hogs and, most years, eggs. Iowa’s Big Ag reputation has put the state in the epicenter of some of the most hotly contested debates about farming and the future of food production. But Iowa is also home to a robust network of smaller scale farms that supply ever-expanding statewide and regional food markets. The rhetorical tendency to pit conventional and alternative agriculture against each other becomes complicated when those two systems co-exist in rural neighborhoods. This talk considers the ways that local and global food systems overlap in Iowa, and how their interactions can contribute to a healthier local food system.
Thursday, November 9, 2017 at 5:30pm to 6:30pm
Hancher Auditorium, Stanley Cafe
141 Park Road, Iowa City, IA 52242


The SDMRK is a flagship institute under Indian Council of Agricultural Research to provide engineering solutions for overall prosperity and sustainability of farming systems. The mandate is fulfilled by providing national and international leadership by means of independent and coordinated research through the network of research centers established all over the country that results in developing commodity and location specific technologies needed by farmers and manufacturers. Transfer of agricultural engineering technology and education are also important activities of the institute. The efforts have resulted in about 250 technologies including research prototypes, processes, software and protocols besides many publications in the form of research papers, popular articles, technical bulletins, books etc. The activities of the institute are conducted through five research divisions, one Centre of excellence, four All India Coordinated Research Projects and Two Consortia Research Platforms. Besides, one arm of the institute located at Coimbatore also contributes to research and extension activities. The institute has adequate laboratory facilities and excellent infrastructure for support of all its endeavors – 93-hectare land, prototype fabrication workshops, state of the art library, guesthouses, hostels, auditorium and around 350 qualified and trained personnel. The developed technologies are transferred through licensing to private and public sector enterprises. Linkages with different institutes, international, central and state government agencies, NGOs, and industries also provide impetus to the spread of technologies. Testing of agricultural machinery, one of the major activities of the institute also helps to liaise with the agricultural machinery manufacturers.


Plot & Land
€ Sale by Tender
CALL +357 22 45 55 45
The plot is situated in the area of Mavridia of Kalo Chorio village in Limassol District, with easy access to the Limassol - Agros road. It has a total area of 7,693 m² and falls within the Agricultural Panning Zone Γ3.
(Reg. no. 4739, Sheet/Plan 47/40, Plot no. 331)


In the vast world of rice varieties, one grain stands out with an unrivalled aroma, slender shape, and exquisite taste – Basmati rice. Known as the “queen of fragrance,” Basmati has earned its royal status in the culinary realm for its unique qualities that set it apart from other rice varieties, rightfully establishing it as the best long grain rice in India. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the exceptional characteristics that make Basmati the best rice for daily use and the undisputed choice for discerning palates.
The Basmati Legacy
Originating from the foothills of the Himalayas, Basmati rice has a rich history that dates back centuries. The name “Basmati” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Vasmati,” meaning fragrant or aromatic. The unique geography and climate of the Himalayan region contribute to the distinct aroma and flavour of the best long grain rice in India.
Best Rice for Daily Use
When it comes to choosing the best rice for daily use, Basmati rice effortlessly claims the throne. Its long grains and fluffy texture make it a versatile staple that complements a wide array of dishes. Whether you’re preparing biryanis, pilafs, or simple steamed rice, Basmati adds a touch of sophistication to every meal.
The Charminar Rozana Experience: A Case Study
Charminar Rozana Rice, a trusted name in the world of Basmati, is known for its commitment to delivering the finest grains to households across India. Sourced from the heartland of Basmati cultivation, Charminar Rozana Rice undergoes rigorous quality checks to ensure that only the best grains make it to your kitchen.
What sets Charminar Rozana Rice apart is its ability to consistently provide long, slender grains that cook to perfection, offering a delightful texture and an irresistible aroma. This makes it the best long-grain rice in India, catering to the culinary preferences of those who demand nothing but the finest.
Are guests coming over? Well, fret not, as something like Charminar Rozana Basmati is well-placed to take care of all your culinary requirements there are.
The Aroma of Basmati
One of the most captivating features of Basmati rice is its enchanting aroma. The grains release a distinct fragrance during cooking, filling the kitchen with an inviting scent that heightens the anticipation of the meal to come. This natural fragrance is attributed to the specific compounds present in Basmati rice, creating an unparalleled sensory experience.
Not only does the aroma add a sensory dimension to the dining experience, but it also indicates the quality and authenticity of the Basmati rice. The best rice is not just about taste and texture; it’s about engaging all the senses, and Basmati excels in this aspect.
Cooking with Basmati
The cooking process plays a crucial role in bringing out the best in Basmati rice. To ensure that you enjoy the full spectrum of its flavours and aromas, it’s essential to follow a few key steps.
Firstly, rinse the rice thoroughly to remove excess starch, which can make the grains sticky. Soaking the rice for about 30 minutes before cooking helps achieve the perfect fluffiness. Use the absorption method, allowing the rice to absorb the water gradually, resulting in light, separate grains.
For an extra touch of indulgence, consider adding a cinnamon stick, cardamom pods, or a bay leaf to the cooking water. These aromatic additions enhance the overall flavour profile of the Basmati rice, turning a simple side dish into a culinary masterpiece.
Health Benefits of Basmati Rice
Beyond its culinary allure, Basmati rice also offers health benefits that make it a wholesome choice for daily consumption. Basmati rice has a lower glycemic index compared to many other rice varieties, making it a preferred option for those mindful of their blood sugar levels.
Additionally, Basmati rice is naturally gluten-free, making it suitable for individuals with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease. The long-grain rice is also a good source of complex carbohydrates, providing sustained energy without causing rapid spikes in blood sugar.
Basmati rice contains essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fibre. These contribute to overall well-being and make it a nutritious foundation for a balanced diet. By choosing Basmati rice, you not only indulge your taste buds but also nourish your body with a wholesome grain.
Basmati in Global Cuisine
While Basmati rice has deep roots in Indian cuisine, its popularity has transcended borders, becoming a staple in global kitchens. Renowned chefs and home cooks alike appreciate the versatility of Basmati, using it as a canvas to create diverse dishes that cater to a variety of palates.
From Mediterranean pilafs to Mexican rice bowls, Basmati adapts seamlessly to different culinary traditions, adding its signature fragrance and texture to each creation. The global embrace of Basmati attests to its universal appeal and the cultural bridge it forms through the shared love of exceptional food.
Sustainability and Basmati Farming
As the demand for Basmati rice continues to rise, it’s crucial to address the sustainability of its cultivation. Basmati rice is primarily grown in the fertile plains of the Himalayan region, where responsible farming practices are essential to preserve the ecosystem.
Many Basmati producers, including Charminar Rozana Rice, are committed to sustainable and eco-friendly farming methods. These practices not only ensure the long-term viability of Basmati cultivation but also contribute to the well-being of the local communities and the environment.
Basmati rice, with its regal aroma, long grains, and exceptional taste, stands as the epitome of premium rice varieties. When searching for the best rice for daily use, Basmati emerges as the undisputed choice for those who appreciate the finer things in culinary life. Elevate your meals, indulge your senses, and savour the royal experience that Basmati rice brings to your table – a grain fit for kings and queens, now available for you.


Table of Contents
The Farm is still high on energy as we all wrap things up so we can escape to the lake for a few days before my sister and family head back to their home in Virginia. On the agenda this week was freezing (preserving) sweet corn for my sister, mom, grandma, and myself! The corn was at its peak.
There are many different ways to freeze sweet corn but we think we have perfected the process to a fine science. Since preserving corn is a bit of a mess, once you start, you may as well do as much as you can, especially if you have plenty of help. It’s no secret that many hands make for light work.
We start by harvesting the corn, usually in the early hours of the day for cooler weather, and immediately husk the corn and take off as much of the silk as possible. You do not want to leave corn in the husk for too long or many of the sweet flavors will be absorbed into the cob. Cut off any abrasions or bad spots on the corn. If you are not used to handling sweet corn, there are two easy ways to tell if the corn is ready. If the kernels are dented, the corn is over-ready. On the other hand, if your fingernail pokes the kernel and the juice releases quickly, it is at its prime time to eat and preserve.
After cleaning, always wash the corn and remove any more silk that may be on the corn. During this time, large pots of water should be brought to a boil so you can start cooking the corn as soon as it is cleaned. Place the corn in boiling water and bring back to a boil for five minutes.
Remove the corn from the cooker and cool immediately in ice water. This cooling process will take a while; you want the center of the cob to be cold before you start cutting off the corn or it will not keep well in the freezer during the year. Make sure to have a lot of ice ready to use.
Once cold, start cutting off the corn. We have found no easier way to remove the corn from the cob than by using the old-fashioned method of cutting with a sharp knife. It may take you a few ears to feel how deep to cut, but you will learn quickly.
Place the cut corn in freezer bags or reusable boxes. Label and freeze!
I have found that one five-gallon bucket of unhusked corn will yield close to seven pints of corn for the freezer. This corn will be the envy of anyone you share it with. It is immeasurably superior to the store-bought variety and is absolutely delicious!


Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is a flower fertilizer that contains all the essential nutrients that flowers need to thrive.
It is a water-soluble powder that can be mixed with water and applied to flowers to promote healthy growth and strong blooms.
The product is specially formulated to provide a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with other micronutrients such as iron and magnesium.
One of the main benefits of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is that it is easy to use.
Simply mix the powder with water according to the instructions on the packaging and apply it to your flowers.
The product is suitable for use on a wide variety of plants, including flowers, vegetables, fruits, and herbs.
Another benefit of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is that it is highly effective.
The balanced formula ensures that your plants receive all the nutrients they need to grow strong and healthy.
The product also helps to promote flower growth and overall health.
In addition to promoting healthy growth, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau also helps to improve the quality of blooms.
The product contains high levels of phosphorus, which is essential for flower development.
Regular use of Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau can help to promote larger, brighter, and longer-lasting blooms.
Overall, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a high-quality plant fertilizer.
The product is easy to use, highly effective, and suitable for use on a wide variety of plants.
Whether you are a seasoned gardener or just starting out, Flower Food Fleur ‘Eau can help you to achieve beautiful, healthy, and vibrant plants.


This is a Bachmann HO Harvest Express. Streaking through the golden wheat fields of central Canada is the Harvest Express. As it hauls colorful hoppers bursting with grain, its powerful EMD GP40 engine ensures a bountiful harvest is swiftly delivered across the vast Canadian landscape.
- EMD GP40 diesel locomotive with operating headlight and all-wheel drive
- Three Canadian 4-bay cylindrical grain hoppers
- Body-mounted E-Z Mate® couplers
- 47″ x 38″ oval of snap-fit E-Z Track® including 12 pieces of curved track, 1 piece of straight track, and 1 plug-in terminal Rerailer
- Power pack and speed controller
- Illustrated instruction manual
Shipping Weight: 9.5lbs
Scale: HO 1:87
This product was added to our catalog on November 5, 2021
There are no reviews yet.


Summertime means delicious fresh fruits and vegetables, and July means cherries. Since starting my graduate thesis in tart cherry breeding, I have developed an adoration for cherry production, and if you love cherries, Michigan is the right place to be. Within the United States, Michigan produces around 75% of the nation’s tart cherries and Washington, Oregon, and California collectively produce 90% of the sweet cherries.
The Cherry Family Tree
Cherries belong to the Rosaceae family which originated in Eastern Europe. Other members of this family are peaches, strawberries, plums, apricots, apples, pears, raspberries, almonds, roses, and others. Within the Rosaceae family, cherries belong to the Prunus genus. The two cherry species that we grow for fruit are sweet cherries (Prunus avium) and tart/sour cherries (Prunus cerasus). Sweet cherries are a progenitor species of tart cherries: in the ancient past, sweet cherries hybridized with another species, ground cherry, to produce what we know today as tart cherry. Cherries were brought to North America by Europeans and are now grown across the continent, particularly in areas like the Great Lakes and the Northwest United States where the effects of climate extremes are reduced by the surrounding topography.
So what’s the difference between sweet and tart cherries?
The major difference, of course, is that one is sweet and the other sour, but there are several other differences in both physical characteristics and production practices. Let’s start with the different characteristics. Commercially available sweet cherries are typically large, dark purple colored, and firm. You may recognize names like ‘Bing’, ‘Regina’, and ‘Sweetheart’. Sweet cherries can also be lighter yellow with a red blush, like the popular cultivar ‘Rainier’. There are fewer commercially grown tart cherry cultivars, with the most common being ‘Montmorency’, which is smaller and soft with red skin and light flesh. Another tart cherry cultivar you may recognize is ‘Balaton’ which is dark purple in color. ‘Balaton’ is grown on a small percentage of the total tart cherry acreage and is more commonly found in farmer’s markets and you-pick locations than in grocery stores. ‘Balaton’ has a charming origin story and was brought to the U.S. by my advising professor Dr. Amy Iezzoni, read more about its history here.
Sweet and tart cherries are both grown in monoculture over many acres of orchards and require similar growing conditions. Even though the two species are closely related they do differ in some cultural practices. One example of this is the use of fungicides to control the fungal disease Cherry Leaf Spot, which defoliates trees and is devastating to growers. Tart cherries are more susceptible to Cherry Leaf Spot than sweet cherries, and therefore
require more frequent fungicide sprays.
Because my thesis is regarding different host-tree responses to Cherry Leaf Spot and breeding tart cherries for resistance to it, I will save these details for another post. Nonetheless, there are slightly different cultural inputs for sweet and tart cherries. The biggest difference, however, is the end use of these two cherry species and how this changes the way they are harvested and the ideal traits for each.
Sweet cherries are sold to consumers in the fresh market, while tart cherries are usually sold frozen and dried or as a component of baked goods, juices, and jams. Because sweet cherries are eaten fresh, they are picked and transported around the country shortly after harvest. This is why it is difficult to find sweet cherries out of season. Consumers prefer sweet cherries with the stem still attached, therefore all sweet cherries are hand-picked in order to keep the stems, which cannot be accomplished with a mechanical harvester. For fresh eating, it is preferred that the cherries be large in size and firm. Size appeals to consumers and increases grower profits while firmness allows the fruit to be transported long distances with less damage.
Oppositely, tart cherries tend to be processed just after harvest and are eaten as an ingredient in other food products. They are typically soft and therefore difficult to transport as a fresh product. About two weeks prior to harvest, tart cherries are sprayed with a plant growth regulator, Ethephon, which loosens the stems from the fruit. This allows the cherries to be more easily harvested with mechanical shakers that grasp the trunk of the tree and shake the fruits from the branches, catching them on a tarp (*see links to videos below). Once collected on the tarp, a conveyor belt moves the fruit into a large square bin of cold water. This cold water helps to preserve the quality of the soft fruit. These bins are then taken to a platform, or cooling pad, where cold water is continuously pumped throughout the bins until they can be transported to a nearby processing plant that same day. At the processing plant, the pits will be removed and the cherries will eventually be made into products like canned pie filling, dried cherries, frozen cherries, jam, and juice. Because tart cherries are harvested using mechanical shakers, fruit can only be harvested from trees that are at least 6 years old: any younger and the trunk may break. This is a big restriction to tart cherry growers, as cherries can flower and produce fruit when they are 3 years old. To address this issue, alternative methods, such as the use of precocious dwarfing rootstocks and over-the-row harvesting systems, are being explored for both young orchards and high-density plantings.
Tart Cherry Breeding Goals
As mentioned in previous posts, plant breeders tend to target specific traits depending on the crop, environment, and needs of growers. As far as tart cherry breeding goes, Michigan State University is home to the only tart breeding program in the United States, led by Dr. Amy Iezzoni. As a student in this program, I have been lucky enough to see firsthand the progress made in improving tart cherry traits and the impact this work has on growers. So what are the traits being targeted in tart cherry breeding? You may have been able to guess a few from the above descriptions of various fruit traits and production practices.
When it comes to fruit traits we are looking for larger and firmer fruits that have both red skin and red flesh, and detach easily from the stems for harvest purposes. Because consumers associate red color with cherries, it is the color preferred by processors. The current major cultivar ‘Montmorency’ has red skin but nearly clear flesh, so red food dyes are often added to cherry products; however, fruit with naturally red flesh would eliminate this use of added dyes. For processing, it is best if the fruits are round so that they sit appropriately in the pitting equipment, and firm enough that they do not break apart when the pit is poked out. It is also essential for the pit to be round so that it is not chipped by the machinery, freestone so that it easily detaches from the flesh of the fruit, and small enough so that it doesn’t take up too much of the fruit size but large enough that it is not missed by the pitting equipment. In addition to fruit traits we are breeding for increased fruit yields, resistance to Cherry Leaf Spot, and late bloom time. Later bloom time reduces the risk of yield losses caused by flower death in the occurrence of Spring frosts.
Progress in breeding for these traits has been hastened through the use of genetic markers which provide information to be used in designing breeding crosses and selecting individuals. To learn more about how this technology is being used in breeding Rosaceous crops like cherries, visit these links for the RosBREED Project and Dr. Iezzoni’s Program and look for a future Cultivate Curiosity post on genetic markers in breeding.
This summer, enjoy fresh sweet cherries while they are in season and keep an eye out for any local fresh markets with tart cherries! The rest of the year, enjoy tart cherries in pies, jams, juices, as well as dried and frozen. To learn more about tart cherry’s admirable qualities and to get some creative cherry recipes visit choosecherries.com.


Cowpea aphids are shiny black with white and black legs. They inject a powerful toxin into the plant while feeding and, when their numbers are high, this can stunt or even kill plants. While feeding, this aphid produces a considerable amount of honeydew upon which sooty mold can grow. Icipe research investigates the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticide and also the use of parasitic wasps.
P.O. Box 30772-00100 Nairobi, Kenya


An innovative kitchen composter made from recycled plastics that you can use even if you do not have a garden.
Simple Composting at Home
Bokashi Organko is a sophisticated and practical composter for organic waste disposal which eliminates inconveniences with collecting organic waste. Waste decay is the most frequent reason for unpleasant odor. The use of bran with beneficial micro-organisms ensures the fermentation process occurs properly and thus prevents decay. As a result, fermented organic waste is an excellent basis for first-rate compost.
Without Unpleasant Odour
Bokashi Organko has an airtight container that prevents the inflow of the air. This and the use of the bran with effective microorganisms that we put on the bio-waste we ensure that during the whole process the food does not rot, but ferment. During the whole fermentation process, there is no unpleasant odor of rotting even when opening the container.
Effective Bran and Tap
Bokashi bran consists of bran meal, molasses, and useful micro-organisms. The presence of natural micro-organisms in the Bokashi bran initiates the fermentation process and prevents decay. Fermentation liquid produced in the process can be used as an excellent fertilizer for plants or as a natural drain cleaner.
For your Lush Garden
A lush garden like never before! Finally, a garden full of plants, flowers and vegetables, and a fridge, full of home-made and healthy food. Try Bokashi composting and find a natural way for a more sustainable zero-waste lifestyle.
For your Sustainable Lifestyle
Give your lifestyle a more sustainable but simple solution - Bokashi Organko 1. This kitchen composter made from recycled plastics will get you a completely natural fertilizer for your plants and an organic drain cleaner.
About this item
Beginner set: the set contains everything you need for both beginners and already enthusiastic users.
Effective microorganisms: due to the effects of micro-organisms in the EM scattering, waste does not rot. Vitamins, minerals and minerals are retained.
First-class foundation for compost: during the fermentation process, some pesticides and other environmentally harmful substances are decomposed. The resulting blend provides a first-class foundation for the compost.
Set contents: 1 x composter, 1 x EM spreading 1 kg, accessories (1 x smoother, 1 x colander, 1 x measuring unit for scattering, 1 x drip container), 1 x user manual (English language not guaranteed).
Dimensions: 38 x 27 x 32 cm (H x W x D), volume - 16 litres, material - recycled, environmentally friendly materials, made in the EU.
Colour Olive green
Brand Skaza Exceeding Expectations.
Capacity 16 litres
Item dimensions L x W x H 32 x 27 x 38 centimetres
Item weight 1 Kilograms


May 29, 2018
At Nature’s Gold, our number one priority has always been to produce high standard products with elite natural ingredients. Manuka Honey
is a featured ingredient in all of our products, and we are always researching initiatives to ensure the Manuka Honey in our products is the best quality around. In March 2018, Nature’s Gold helped to incorporate the Australian Farming Together/ABC Honey co-op initiative, which allows beekeepers to share in the profits from the entire chain of the hive to the consumer. Beginning with production right up to the end user, beekeepers benefit.
Forming a co-op and undertaking a joint venture with Nature’s Gold
has helped apiarists invest in technology to create the highest standards of Australian honey for the world to enjoy.
By collaborating with ABC Honey and Nature’s Gold, the co-op has been able to create a stand-alone packing house, and install a sophisticated honey aeration plant to secure a major supply contract. The co-op also offers packing services to all members of the co-operative under their own labels. The co-op is also preparing to introduce mobile extraction units for the honey, which creates a natural process for preventing raw honey from crystalizing. Aeration plants are used extensively overseas, but are an Australian-first.
Working collaboratively allows beekeepers to save money, potentially make more money, and ensure their honey stays at a high-standard from the hive all the way to the end customer, whether those customers are local or overseas.
“Co-operatives are the building blocks of all great economic activity, they formalize loose partnerships and make them work for the benefit of all the members,” - Richard Symes Cooperative Co-founder.
This exciting new collaboration for Nature’s Gold means that we can ensure we maintain healthy relationships with the elite beekeepers across Australia, whose quality standards are only the best.
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Our natural and ecological substrate suits perfectly for soil and soilless cultivation of every plant species. It consists of naturally selected fractions of soft brown coal, that can successfully be used to improve the overall quality of soils, including light soils. Brown coal (lignite), as a rich source of humic substances (humic, humin acids and their salts), plays a key role in maintaining fertility of soils and providing plants with mineral compounds. It ameliorates physical, physico-chemical and biological properties of soils.
Humic substances regulate the concentration of soil solution through sorption and release of the elements into solution. They also effectively protect soil environment and the ecosystem from effects of heavy metals contamination.
is a natural and ecological plant nourishing formula, created from the rich in humic acids Polish leonardite mineraloids, located directly above lignite deposits. It contains concentrated humins, fulvic and humic acids, conducive to the formation of humus in the soil, which is the main source of nutrients for plants. Carbohumic improves the structure, increase the abundance of soils and stimulate their microbiological activity.
Carbohumic is much more effective than the commonly used manure and compost, which quickly mineralize and do not allow to create the proper amount of humus. Scientific research has proved that field crops, in which Carbohumic was applied in combination with Carbomat substrate, were characterized by a higher yield, and the plants retained all nutritional properties.
CarboHort Sp. z o.o.
Ul. Jeżynowa 1
62-002 Suchy Las
+ 48 506 383 715;
+ 48 506 066 663;
+48 506 066 663


When you think of nontraditional farming methods or agricultural engineering, you may picture greenhouse-type configurations of Bluetooth-enabled seed beds. You might also see stacked shipping containers filled with row after row of greens, herbs, and vegetables.
Indeed, today’s farming is quite different from the farming of just a generation or two ago. But in many cases, agriculture conglomerates have purchased independent farms to create megasize industrial farms that are good for one thing: churning out lots of food. Sure, it feeds the beast of modern food supply, but at the current pace of production, these megafarms won’t be capable of keeping up with the population of the future—and they certainly don’t appeal to consumers who worry about the impact of their food choices on the environment.
The grow-your-own food movement is fueled in large part by these consumers’ demands. The ultimate answer to easing your own food fears is to be your own farmer, but traditional farming methods don’t suit a modern, urban life. This void of farming alternatives has inspired engineering startups, empowered by accessible design tools such as Autodesk Fusion 360, to create smarter, more efficient farming models. Here are three examples of farming alternatives using agricultural engineering to change the way the world gets its food.
Most grocery-store foods are lackluster versions of the beautiful, vibrant produce farmers grow. That’s because the produce is often picked early and forced to sustain a long transport—in some cases traveling thousands of miles or across oceans—from the farm to the store. By the time you get the produce home, you may have a mere 48 hours before it is wilting or rotting.
That reality is what drove agrilution to create the plantCube. “We are not just another startup building another DIY home-growing device,” says Maximilian Loessl, agrilution’s cofounder and CEO. “The concept of agrilution at its target is much bigger. We are creating a home-growing ecosystem where the best, freshest, healthiest, and tastiest greens are the focal point.”
One key way agrilution enables DIY growers’ success is by using the power of modern technology to make growing as seamless—and as painless—as possible. “The agrilution ecosystem consists of a fully automated home growing device, the plantCube, and an app to remote-monitor and control what’s growing in the plantCube, to connect with other users, and to buy new refill varieties,” Loessl says.
The plantCube is roughly the size of a dishwasher. The climate-controlled device can replicate conditions of any country, so if you are keen on growing special produce for Japanese or Chinese cuisine, you could do so, say, from your house in coastal Georgia or the highest elevations of the Rockies. But the greatest power of technologies like plantCube is its impact—or rather its lack of impact—on the resources that are already vulnerable because of standard farming methods.
“The sustainability advantages of vertical farming technology are vast,” Loessl says. “We use zero pesticides and only 2 percent of the water used in conventional agriculture, only 40 percent of the fertilizer, 50 percent of the space, and zero arable land is needed. But the greatest impact our products make is to reconnect people with what they eat and how plants grow. Growing your own food makes you more aware of what and how you eat and buy.”
Bright Agrotech’s ZipFarms
In the realm of vertical farming, Bright Agrotech is taking to the skies, literally. Its ZipGrow towers, which leverage true vertical-plane farming, can line the sides of buildings or fill vacant lots while still producing more food than conventional farming methods could yield in the same plot of land.
ZipFarms rely on hydroponic growing. “Hydroponics is great in a few different ways,” says Bright Agrotech CEO Nate Storey. “One, it is very lightweight. It removes a lot of the complications of working with soils. It allows us to concentrate production in a way that minimizes the use of fossil fuels and machinery, and it’s formulated, so we know exactly what’s in it, and we know exactly how it will impact plant growth, and we know exactly what kind of nutrition value of that plant will be, because everything is highly standardized.”
This soilless growth allows for high-density production in unlikely places, and it allows farmers to crop up anywhere. “It’s way more accessible than having to go out and find 50 or 60 acres that you can buy or lease to farm,” Storey says. “Ninety-eight percent of the population lives in cities now, and 2 percent live in rural areas. If we really want to grow food close to the source, then we’re growing in developed areas where land is really expensive. We have to figure out a way to grow with much, much higher density. You can’t stack fields on top of each other, but you can grow hydroponically in superdense configurations.”
From mom-and-pop growers to restaurant-scale projects, Bright Agrotech has seen a dramatic increase in interest and use of its products in the past three years. Customers are planting the seeds for big change—starting with basil, mint, kale, watercress, and other leafy greens.
“The best kind of herbs and greens are the ones that are not bred for transportation,” Storey says. “What that means is, if you can grow those closer to the market, you can grow them more efficiently, get them to the customer, and get the customer a much higher-quality product.”
Livin Farms’ Hive
The same eco-friendly food movement that has given way to home farming, vertical farms, and kelp gardens has also spurred the creation of a bug-farming device. That’s right: Livin Farms, a company based in the UK and Hong Kong, has developed a product, called Hive, that helps you seed, grow, and harvest bugs.
“Edible insects, such as mealworms, that you can grow inside your Hive are sustainable to raise, they need very little water and energy and can be raised on food that is in no competition with human food,” says Katharina Unger, founder and CEO of Livin Farms.
Unger knows this is unsure territory. “We are excited that the Hive really does make people rethink how and what they eat,” Unger says. “It’s a cultural and a paradigm shift that comes with edible insects becoming part of the Western diet. But it’s a healthy and sustainable one. We love to be at the forefront of a movement that really does get people to make a conscious choice.”
These three examples of agricultural engineering are the tip of the green iceberg—and where they grow, so grow many more like them. Traditional farming will likely be antiquated within a few generations, and in its place will be brilliant solutions for modernized food production. After all, the collective mind-set is moving from one that simply demands food to one that questions every aspect of that food: Where did it come from? Who grew it? What was its impact on the environment? There’s no better way to answer those questions than to know the farmer personally—or, rather, to be the farmer yourself.


Semi-Dry Cider - 5.5% ABV
The newest in our Storm Cider series, Hurricane Teddy semi-dry cider.
On September 23, 2020, Hurricane Teddy hit Nova Scotia as a post-tropical storm. While it wasn’t nearly as destructive as predicted, a few unlucky apple farms in the Annapolis Valley lost nearly all their apples. This cider was made from those salvaged apples.
Bright and bubbly. Smooth and well balanced with notes of fresh apple, white cranberry and kiwi. Delicate aromas of pear and green apple.
With the storm cider series, we help our local fruit growers by taking what would have been a lost crop and turning it into a premium, one of a kind product.


The scorching heat last Saturday morning didn’t discourage visitors from attending the Bi-Annual Secret Garden Tour, sponsored by the Sea Cliff Beautification Committee. Since 1997, committee members have identified “hidden retreats” in the village that residents can explore in a self-guided walking tour.
“This is a big year for Beautification because it’s our 60th anniversary,” said Gwynne Lennon, a member of the Garden Tour committee. “There are nine stops, including six private gardens, and we try to keep the gardens secret until the day of the tour.”
The event celebrates “home-grown horticulture” in Sea Cliff and flaunts the “floral ambitions” of some of the village’s residents. Among this year’s stops were a micro farm, a garden vista with water views and elaborate perennial shade gardens.
“People will be able to see beautiful suburban gardens, a smaller garden based on a French landscape design, and one stop which is very creative is the micro-garden,” Lennon said. “The family sells veggies throughout the season in their front yard.”
Donna and Peter Kianka have nurtured a micro-farm since 1989, when they moved to the village. What began as a few modest plantings along the north end of their property has blossomed into small “maze” that fills the backyard, abundant with herbs, fruits and vegetables. This is the first year their home was featured on the tour.
“We put it off for a couple of years because it’s a little bit of a maze, but we had faith that people would be able to navigate it,” said Donna, who is an herbalist by avocation.
Her husband’s interest in farming grew out of spending summers on his grandparents’ 90-acre farm in New Jersey. He called sharing his expertise with fellow plant-lovers “fun.”
“I like answering their questions and running into people who also like to garden, and they give me some ideas, too,” Peter said. “We had one guy come earlier, and we were sharing advice regarding irrigation systems and whatnot.”
The micro-farm boasts more than a dozen raised beds bursting with vegetables like tomatoes, onions, peppers, corn, beans, carrots, cucumbers, garlic, squash and eggplants. Lining the beds are vibrant marigolds, which act as a natural insecticide, true to the Kiankas’ tradition of organic farming.
“We would like to see more people growing their own herbs, avoiding all those pesticides, and we’d like to see more of an interest in vegetable gardening,” Donna said. “I think it’s better for your health, and it renews the spirit to be out cultivating and nurturing plants.”
Just across from Pirie Park, on Summit Avenue, Nancy Gordon, another first-time exhibitor, greets guests visiting her clifftop garden, which blends stone, metal, wood and greenery into one tranquil scene. She said her green thumb was only recently realized, when she saw the opportunity to transform the eroding cliffside of her new home into a planter’s paradise. It took over 10 years to complete, which included the building of tiered retaining walls.
“I’ve always loved the garden tour, and it’s been a lot of fun being a host,” Gordon said. “We’ve been working very hard the last three or four years to restore the backyard.”
Hydrangeas, roses and boxwoods border the stone stairwell at the top of the cliff. Taking a closer look in between the stones, one can see a cultivation of Irish moss, sedum and other succulents flourishing in the cracks. Farther down on the patio, surrounded by shade plants, visitors are offered panoramic views of the waterways below.
“In my last house, I didn’t have the spots that I have here [to garden], so this is really fun for me, but the lead-up to it is really the most fun,” Gordon said. “I like the idea of it being a secret.”
Down a shady, winding road, self-proclaimed anglophile Posey Heisig, who has been designing gardens for 30 years, gives tour-takers detailed descriptions of her own secret garden, which emulates the ethereal landscapes of southwestern France, a beloved destination she and her family used to visit every summer.
“The French designers of the 17th century weren’t out of their minds,” Heisig said, explaining the garden’s layout. “There was a reason they built the châteaus [on top of hillside] and the gardens down [below].”
The result is a cascade of roses, peonies and hydrangeas into Heisig’s backyard, which is dotted with upcycled antiques — think refurbished doors and wrought-iron benches. Two lines of manicured bushes cut a walkway through the middle of the space to Heisig’s back porch. At the center of it all stands a marble fountain, burbling with glee. On the side of the house, handmade mosaics crafted from shards of old tea sets provide a pop of color.
“I don’t like what’s going on in the world today, so I make my own world here — this is my little paradise,” Heisig said.
This is the third year Heisig has put her immaculate gardens, which span three lots, on display. She enjoys the visitors, especially those with green thumbs. “I think gardening people are the nicest people in the world,” she said.
Check out next week's edition of the Herald Gazette for more photos from the tour.


My mom-in-law is known for her soul-satisfying Southern cooking. If I lived closer to her, I’d gain a lot of weight but probably be less stressed thanks to all those endorphins she brings to the table. She also has some fascinating stories from her childhood growing up on a farm in the Tennessee countryside during the 1940s and 50s. She’s seen the advent of electricity, indoor plumbing, and automobiles. She’s picked cotton by hand. I had to get all these stories down on paper to save for generations, and why not save those recipes, too.
Last summer I published her book of stories and recipes, also photos of food, farm, and even farm crops since most kids these days have no idea what okra flowers or purple-hull pea pods look like. I’m glad my own kids have helped harvest the crops from my in-laws’ current big vegetable gardens. Stooping in the heat and buzzing insects to pull potatoes out of the dirt and snapping a giant pile of green beans to ready them for canning are meaningful life experiences in my books. Don’t take for granted where your food comes from, and appreciate those farm laborers.
I had the book printed for family only through Lulu.com since I only needed about 20 copies. Lulu did a fine job on the color interior! I scanned old photos, including some faded b&w ones, at 300 dpi and used high-resolution digital photos taken with my decent-quality Nikon Coolpix. Lulu’s color printing is not meant to make glossy, pro-photography, coffee-table style books or color-illustrated children’s books, but is just fine for family books with smaller size photos or art. The price was right, too. The 36-page paperback, 8.5” x 11” size, was about $18 each. Can’t beat that for color printing. I uploaded a photo taken in my in-laws’ kitchen for the cover and used a free Lulu cover template. Note from my last post, Far-reaching Effects of Family Stories, that Theresa had trouble with Lulu’s printing of her b&w photos. I’ve never had trouble with that before, but that’s something to take into consideration – and always get a print proof copy to head off any problems.
We are thrilled to have Grandma’s cool stories and those recipes saved. Even if we never make some of those rich recipes, they are of historical and cultural interest. Food was a big part of farm life. Homemade boiled custard, mmm. Farming sure has changed over the years. If you’ve got farm stories in your family, write them down to save. Even if you don’t have Grandma’s recipes, you can still write about the food. Tell what you do know and let the younger generations taste it in their hearts and minds.
PS: I enjoyed Carol Bodensteiner’s memoir of farm life back in the day, Growing Up Country: Memoir of an Iowa Farm Girl.


Keeping chickens has been such an enormous pleasure. There’s something very relaxing about them, their movements, the noises they make, their behaviour … it’s a much more pleasurable experience than I’d expected. And of course, fresh eggs every day.
We’d been thinking about getting chickens for a couple of years. Our garden is a reasonable size, but not huge (about 30 metres long), so we had to think about how we’d fit them in. After a lot of research and a chicken keeping course at Mantel Farm in Catsfield, we finally succumbed last September. We bought three: Marge (a Light Sussex, the white one); Phyllis (a Cuckoo Maran, the speckled one); and Hilda, (a Skyline, the brown one). They quickly established a pecking order: Marge at the top, although she’s the most placid and doesn’t mind being picked up, and Hilda at the bottom, she’s the least placid and hates being picked up. The names come from Jo’s three great aunts – long dead now, but she thinks they would have approved. We did wonder what the cats would make of them, but after being a little alarmed at first, they’ve quickly accepted them as part of the family.
Their house and enclosed run came from ‘Buttercup Farm’, an online retailer – expensive, but very solid and completely fox proof. The chicken house part is 1.8m x 1.2m, the attached covered run is 2.4m x 1.2m. It did need a bit of modification though to block up the eaves (installing a covered air vent instead) and fitting a door jamb. The house wasn’t designed for coastal environments where the rain falls horizontally. We tried a number of different feeds, but eventually settled on Marriage’s Organic layers’ pellets, which they seem to like best. We also give them ‘treats’ made up a mixture of dried maize and mealworms. Treats are how you get chickens to co-operate – once they learn the sound of a shaken treat box, they’ll go anywhere you want them to. We also give them a tin of tuna occasionally – they love tuna, and it provides lots of protein. But overall, chickens seem to eat more or less anything: worms, snails, woodlice, spiders, grass, weeds, courgettes, cabbage, and indeed your favourite plants if you let them. On this diet, they lay about an egg a day each – a bit less in the depths of winter. Hilda, the Skyline, lays blue eggs. The other two lay brown eggs.
The floor of the enclosed run (which is just earth) is covered with a 100cm or so layer of hardwood chips, which are cheap and work well, giving the chickens something to scratch around in. The coop part is quite large, and has allowed us to use a ‘deep litter’ system. You don’t hear much of deep litter chicken management nowadays. It used to be popular, but was abandoned in favour of more ‘hygienic’ methods. But I wanted to try it as it’s how my Dad used to keep chickens, in the garage in Chobham at the house where we lived until I was five years old (we didn’t have a car then). ‘Deep litter’ was something I heard every day, and was quite probably one of my first words.
The idea with deep litter is that you turn the floor of the chickens’ indoor housing into a sort of compost heap. That requires a bit of modification to the housing. I asked for the pop-hole (where the chicken pop out) to be raised six inches above the floor when I ordered the housing, and I had to put a board across the bottom of the door opening. You put in a deep layer of bedding, and allow the chickens to scratch around in it, mixing their droppings in. A natural decomposition process starts, with an ecosystem established in the litter, from microorganisms up to predatory arthropods, and indeed the chickens themselves. The advantage of deep litter is that you don’t have to clean it out for months; the disadvantage is that it has to be quite carefully managed to make sure the process works as it should, maintaining the right kind of decomposition of the droppings and the right microflora in the bedding.
I used hemp bedding, which is very absorbent and stops the litter getting too damp. If the moisture content gets too high, the droppings will decompose producing ammonia, which is toxic. I put in a 150cm layer, and rake it over once a week, using a cultivator hoe to make sure air remains in contact with the droppings and hemp bedding throughout. It’s been there for six months now, and there’s no sign of any ammonia odours, it still smells as sweet as when I put it in. I was thinking it would need changing after six months, but I’m going to leave it longer now. The chickens like it, scratching around in it and picking out insects that are now in the bedding helping the decomposition process. It’s also still quite dry, which seems to be more to do with the extraordinary absorbing properties of the chopped hemp. Using the deep litter system, the rest of the weekly clean-out (cleaning the nest boxes, washing their perches, refilling their oyster shell and grit, generally tidying up) takes about half an hour.
When we’re out in the garden (or in the summerhouse, which is close to the chickens) we let them out into a larger, uncovered run. It’s not fox proof, but is fairly robust – we’ve used chicken fencing from Omlet, an online supplier – pricey, but good quality and easy to move around. Throughout the winter, they roamed our vegetable patch (with our winter kale and spring cabbage carefully enclosed in a cage), which worked really well, they scratched it over, fertilised it, and got rid of all the weeds. Now they’ve moved on to their summer quarters, part of the lawn and our ‘wild area’.
So it’s been an enjoyable experience. Marge, Hilda and Phyllis are part of the family. They provide us with eggs and endless, calming entertainment. If you’re thinking about chicken keeping, I can recommend it. And if you’re not thinking about it, and you’ve got the space, do consider it!


Our Healing Center
Our healing center and ecolodge is located about a 2 hour drive from Tena and Misahualli deep into the Amazon rainforest. Ever since its creation many years ago, it has been a place where people from around the world and from all walks of life have been welcomed to experience our culture and learn the healing ways of the forest.
Our farming is deeply rooted in permaculture and ancient Kichwa cultivation methods. Our fields are located within the forest and utilize its natural biodiversity. You are welcome to join us in our daily efforts and explore how crops are raised in the rainforest. The most important crop is yuca, a nutritional, delicious root harvested throughout the year for the well being of the family and all our guests.


Many people opt for gardening as a hobby, and why not, it is one of the most relaxing and comforting things in life. However, your lawn requires extra care, and sometimes you’ll find yourself in need of helpful tools to aid you with the process. One of such necessary and beneficial tools is a backpack sprayer.
You might stay frustrated with outgrown weeds consuming your beautiful flower beds, and irregular grass patches may have driven you to your breaking point. If you want to ease your gardening struggles, a good-quality backpack sprayer can be the perfect solution to most of your lawn problems. In this article, we’ll inform and help you with choosing the best backpack sprayer for your needs. Let us dive right into it.
Comparison of 10 Best Backpack Sprayers in 2020
|Chapin Commercial Backpack Sprayer||
|Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer||
|Field King Max Backpack Sprayer||
|Roundup Heavy Duty Backpack Sprayer||
|M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer||
|Scotts Professional Sprayer||
|Hudson Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer||
|Solo High-Performance Backpack Sprayer||
|Petra Backpack Sprayer||
|VIVOSUN Sujer Backpack Sprayer||
Top 10 Best Backpack Sprayer Reviews in 2020
Here are the product reviews for the best type of backpack sprayers you can get your hands on today.
1. Chapin Tree and Turf Pro Commercial Backpack Sprayer
Chapin 61900 Turf Pro Commercial Backpack Sprayer is a top-rated backpack sprayer that features a four-gallon tank with a wide opening at the top for convenient refilling. The opening measures around five inches and the tank has a translucent design to make it easier for the user to check the current level inside the container. Most notably, this sprayer works with most conventional pesticides, fertilizers, and other gardening chemicals.
Chapin 61900 Backpack Sprayer has a few safety and comfort features for the users that might help you during your gardening endeavors. First, it has a unique three-stage filtration system that combines with the built-in filter to offer a complete and efficient spray. You can remove, clean, and replace the in-tank filter whenever needed. Second, the turn-off assembly of this tank has a cushioned grip, consists of three variable nozzles, and has an analog pressure gauge to check current pressure.
Lastly, the straps of this tank have a padded design for prolonged work without hurting your shoulders. This backpack sprayer operates at 40-60 PSI and has a flow rate of 0.4 – 0.5 GPM. The packaging includes a detailed instruction manual, and manufacturers provide in-house customer support for this product.
2. Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer
Field King Professional 190328 Pump Backpack Sprayer is a handy gardening tool that comes with a no-leak design to prevent chemicals from getting in contact with your skin, especially on your back. It has a four-gallon tank, and the internal piston provides an optimum pressure of around 150 PSI. Manufacturers of this product claim to provide 65% higher pressure than regular best backpack sprayers so you can access hard-to-reach areas with multiple pattern designs.
Field King Professional Backpack Sprayer has a durable design to last through tough gardening and spraying work. It requires minimum maintenance, and you can repair it without the use of any tools. It features a 21-inch poly wand with optimum quality vacuum seals that you can use with wettable powders or compatible liquids. Additionally, the internal brass components ensure a premium shut-off and operation of the product. It also features a four nozzle system that includes an adjustable brass nozzle, two flat fan nozzles, and a foaming nozzle.
More importantly, this product also accepts TeeJet nozzles for user convenience. This top-rated backpack sprayer has a unique one-way valve to prevent spillage in case of tank inversion. It comes with a threaded bolt for secure attachment and integrated carry handle for on-the-go wand storage. Lastly, this backpack garden sprayer has a filtration basket to filter out any debris while refilling the tank.
3. Field King Max Backpack Sprayer
Field King Max Backpack Sprayer is a professional-grade backpack sprayer to spray herbicides, pesticides, or chemicals in lawns, backyards, and grassy patches. It has a no-leak pump design that is much safer to use as it prevents spillage of harmful substances onto your skin. The pump provides a powerful spray pressure of up to 150 PSI and a spray radius of up to 30 feet.
Field King Max has a built-in agitator that features internal paddles and effective pump action to keep the liquids mixed. It also includes high-quality Viton seals for optimum resistance to rust and chemicals. Additionally, this backpack sprayer offers a unique shut off feature for a superior grip, and you can lock the trigger for continuous spray. As a better alternative to cotter pins, Field King Max offers a secure handle that works on the threaded bolt principle.
Furthermore, it can keep a constant pressure of 25 PSI using an in-built regulator and includes four different nozzles for different spray patterns. Lastly, this premium backpack sprayer features a comfortable, padded harness with full back support and a wide waist belt. It also has a chest cinch strap, so you stay comfortable during long hours of work.
4. Roundup Heavy Duty Backpack Sprayer
Roundup 190314 Backpack Sprayer is one of the best heavy-duty back sprayers in the market that comes with a four-gallon tank capacity to meet the standard gardening needs. You can use this sprayer to eradicate weeds or pests, spray herbicides over flower-beds, and for cleaning decks.
Roundup Backpack Sprayer has several user-friendly design features that can aid you during your gardening endeavors. Foremost, it has a premium-quality poly-wand that includes Viton seals for high-quality grip and shut-off. You can lock the switch for continuous spraying, and the inline filter is removable as per user needs. Additionally, this backpack sprayer has a built-in carry handle for safe placement and storage for the wand. You can also adjust the straps and waist-belt to fit your body structure better.
Lastly, this best backpack sprayer comes with three different types of nozzles for versatile operation for most of your gardening needs. The first nozzle is poly adjustable, the second one is a high volume fan, and the third is a low-volume fan. Notably, this sprayer also accepts TeeJet nozzles.
5. M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer
M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer is one of the best battery powered backpack sprayer that features a no-pump design and an elongated running time of six to eight hours on a maximum charge. You can fully recharge the 8Ah acid battery in under eight hours using the factory-provided charger. The manufacturers of this product claim to provide four times better battery life than regular lithium-ion batteries. This backpack sprayer also provides the user with variable pressure settings, and you can cycle it between 20 to 60psi.
M4 MY4SONS Backpack Sprayer includes a stainless steel wand and an acid bleach wand to variable user needs. You can lock the included plastic squeeze handle for the efficient operation of the device. This backpack also features a wide top with a lid and a screen filter, so it is easier to refill the tank while preventing any debris from falling inside the chemical solution. Furthermore, you can choose from several available nozzles to adjust the spray for your current needs. The nozzles include cone, fan tip, fog, and many more brass and plastic spray designs.
This battery backpack sprayer has many helpful design features for handy user experience such as thick shoulder pads, compartments for organizing your wands and accessories, quick-replace battery, anti-leak lid, and a strain-relief hose. It comes with included battery and charger, and manufacturers provide you with a one-year limited warranty against any faulty parts.
6. Scotts Professional Sprayer
Scotts 190567 Pump Zero Technology Sprayer is a battery-powered backpack sprayer that features a two-gallon tank. It operates on lithium-ion batteries, and a single charge can spray up to 12 tanks for prolonged and unhindered usage.
Scotts Pump Zero Sprayer has a high-quality shut-off that provides a comfortable and firm grip while operating the device. The lock-on feature allows you to spray continuously, and you can easily clean the inline filter, so your sprayers work optimally. Additionally, this sprayer has a sturdy, non-leak construction that includes a 21-inch poly wand with premium Viton seals to resist chemicals and corrosion. To cater to user safety, a pressure release valve is attached to the device to release internal pressure before opening the lid.
Furthermore, the teardrop-shaped tank allows more stability for the user and comes with an included safe storage for the nozzle. The nozzle of the sprayer is interchangeable between three settings i.e., fan spray, stream spray, and cone spray. This sprayer has a limited warranty of three years, and you can claim free replacement parts during the warranty period.
7. Hudson Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer
Hudson 13194 Commercial Bak-Pak Sprayer is a professional-grade backpack sprayer with a tank capacity of four gallons. It features an extra-large opening at the top of the tank for easy refill and to prevent spills. The attached PVC sprayer-style hose measures 48-inches in length and is beneficial in accessing hard to reach areas. It also features an extra-long fiberglass wand that measures about 20-inches in length.
Hudson Bak-Pak Sprayer has four different nozzle spray settings and a powerful piston pump for versatile and efficient operation. You can choose from right or left-handed pump action to better suit your preference. It also features a large, premium shut-off valve that is equipped with a standard lock-on switch for continuous spray.
Furthermore, this commercial best backpack sprayer comes with high-quality straps that provide chemical resistance against any harmful chemicals. Manufacturers offer a one-year limited warranty against any faulty equipment or defective parts.
8. Solo High Performance Backpack Sprayer
Solo 475-B Diaphragm Pump Backpack Sprayer is one the best backpack lawn sprayer that features a unique bleach resistant pump assembly. This sprayer is effectively capable of handling strong solutions such as disinfectants, bleach, fertilizers, and anti-weed formulas. More importantly, this sprayer works with wet-able powders without blocking the spray with residue particles. You can increase the pressure of the spray to up to 60 psi.
Solo Backpack Sprayer works on the diaphragm pump principle, and the diaphragm has a Tivilon construction to provide efficient resistance from harmful or reactive chemicals. You can also interchange the pump handle to adjust it according to your preferred hand. The 48-inch hose provides an elongated reach, so you don’t have to bend too much. Additionally, this sprayer provides its users with four different nozzle spray settings i.e., adjustable, fan spray, hollow cone, and jet stream nozzles. Lastly, it also supports TeeJet nozzles on the go.
9. Petra Powered Backpack Sprayer
Petra Powered Backpack Sprayer is a unique commercial backpack sprayer that includes a custom-fitted cart for better portability and transportation. The cart features an attached wand holder and a rack for the hose extension. The included commercial hose measures around 100 feet in length so the user has easy access to hard to reach areas. It also has an extra four-feet hose that can easily connect to the tank to replace the longer tube.
Petra Backpack sprayer has a no-pump design and operates on a 12Ah lead-acid battery that provides four times better battery efficiency than regular batteries. A single charge of the battery can last about six to hours or can allow you to spray up to 200-gallons of chemical solution. You can recharge the battery using the included AC charger that fully juices up the battery in about eight hours.
This backpack sprayer comes with a stainless steel wand as well as an acid bleach wand to meet most of your spraying needs. It has a steel valve and a plastic valve with a locking mechanism, where both valves have quick-connect adapters. Additionally, the mouth of this sprayer has a wide design and a screen filter to keep out debris and avoid contamination. You can use multiple nozzle attachments with this device, and manufacturers provide a one-year limited warranty for any defective parts.
10. VIVOSUN Sujer Backpack Sprayer
VIVOSUN Backpack Sprayer is a multifunctional manual pump sprayer that has an accommodating design for indoor as well as outdoor usage. It features a four-gallon tank with a wide opening that you can easily refill without wasting any chemical solution. Most importantly, this unique sprayer is made out of polypropylene material that is resistant to harsh chemicals and keeps the tank sealed to avoid leakage or spills.
Unlike most backpack sprayers, VIVOSUN best Backpack Sprayer has a translucent tank so the user can check the current level of the solution without having to open the container. It features four different types of nozzles and five spray modes for specific gardening needs. Additionally, the rocker of this sprayer is removable, and you can adjust it as right-handed or left-handed operation.
Furthermore, this sprayer allows you to choose between a pump or continuous spraying by using an easy-to-use lock switch. The straps of VIVOSUN Backpack Sprayers have a padded design for extra comfort, especially in longer working hours. Manufacturers provide a one-year warranty for the product, and customer service is available for confused or concerned users.
Choosing an efficient best backpack sprayer out of so many available options can be tricky, and you ought to have detailed information of the products before making a purchase. Our researchers picked out the best ones for you, so it is easier for you to make the best buy. Here are the essential factors we kept in mind while selecting the products for this list.
Factors You Need to Consider to End Up With the Best Purchase
Most backpack sprayers work on a pump-action mechanism that requires manual effort to spray the liquid onto lawn patches and weeds. These types of sprayers demand more effort and time from the user and have no electrical or battery components. However, there are motorized sprayers in the market that operate on battery power to save time and effort. Such sprayers have a no-pump design, are relatively expensive, and require recharge once the battery drains out.
Safety and Convenience:
With the involvement of harmful chemicals in the spraying process, it is elementary for the user to come across injuries due to skin exposure to those chemicals. Hence, the best backpack sprayers have a no-leak design, and the tank has a tight seal to prevent spills or leakage.
Similarly, during long hours of work, you will need a sprayer that aids and supports your body posture with additional components such as a high-quality harness, easy shut-off, etc. Well-padded straps and a firm-grip handle are also crucial so you can avoid any hand or shoulder injuries.
Durability and Support:
You’d want to invest in a backpack sprayer that has durable construction and can efficiently operate through the desired work output. Similarly, it should be sturdy, easy to use, and must have maintenance and replacement parts. We advise you to choose a product from a reputable and renowned brand so you can avail of customer support or warranty in case of defective parts.
Frequently Asked Questions
To further aid you with the purchase process, we are listing some FAQs about the best backpack sprayer down below:
What is a Backpack Sprayer?
A backpack sprayer is a spraying apparatus that consists of a tank, nozzle, and a hose for multiple or customized usage. Through this device, you can spray chemicals, herbicides, insecticides, etc. over your lawn to restrict or eradicate unwanted plant growth. You can also use it as a water sprinkler or a fire extinguisher.
How Many Types of Backpack Sprayers Can I Purchase?
Typically, there are two types of backpack sprayers; motorized and manual. Manual sprayers work on the pump mechanism and require continuous pumping to operate and spray. Alternatively, the motorized sprayers have built-in batteries and work without manual pumping effort.
Are Backpack Sprayers Safe to Use?
Usage of backpack sprayers has many involved hazards, such as chemical burns, fatigue, etc. But if you follow the instruction manual carefully and only invest in safety equipment, it is safe to use the sprayers as much as you desire.
To wrap things up, backpack sprayers are handy, convenient tools that can help you maintain your lawn or garden and get rid of the unwanted growth of weeds and herbs. Also, the fact that they are incredibly easy to use and do not require continuous power except for occasional battery charge makes them an essential part of your gardening toolkit. However, you do need to be careful about leaks and spills, so your skin is never exposed to the damaging chemicals. So it is wise to invest in a no-leak tank with high-quality construction so you can stay safe.
We hope that this buying guide will help and guide you towards a better choice. A thorough study of this article may result in an optimum purchase of the best backpack sprayer that’ll be worth your money and prove to be a helpful companion on your gardening adventures.


Dr. Teresa Mellish
In 1970, Dr. Teresa Mellish and her new husband Ken decided to embark upon a life-changing adventure by taking on Cuso International volunteer placements halfway around the world. Teresa taught Agricultural Economics at Kolej Pertanian Malaysia, while Ken conducted livestock nutrition research with the Malaysian Agricultural Research Development Institute (MARDI).
Through volunteering, Teresa experienced different agricultural practices and connected with staff and students from the Kampongs. She developed a new perspective on how agriculture development works, as well as the benefits it brings to the host country and to Canadian volunteers.
Teresa and Ken appreciated that volunteering allowed them to work and travel together. “We always wanted to see the world,” remembers Teresa. During their placement, Teresa and Ken explored Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Burma, Afghanistan and Iran.
Upon returning to Canada, Teresa had an extensive career with the Prince Edward Island government, where she supported effective agricultural practices.
In 1980, Teresa helped found Farmers Helping Farmers (FHF), an award-wining not-for-profit organization that partners with farming families in Kenya on practical projects to support sustainable subsistence farming.
In 2011, Teresa received an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Prince Edward Island for her contributions to sustainable international development.
Now retired, Teresa remains active with FHF, as well as the Dutch Warmblood horse breeding farm she shares with Ken, the couple’s children and grandchildren.


Summer is here and it’s mango season in South Florida! Sprouts Farmers Market shared some healthy hints with our team on how to pick, cut, and store mangoes. Enjoy!
How to pick a ripe mango:
- Pick the very best mango by ensuring it has a sweet, aromatic scent and a slight give when squeezed.
- Depending on the variety, a mango’s color doesn’t always determine ripeness! The best way to know when it’s ready to enjoy is by the firmness and sweet aroma.
How to cut a mango:
- Mangoes have an oblong seed running through the center that’s about 1/4-inch in width. Make your first slices alongside the center seed, creating two halves.
- Gently make vertical slices in each half, being careful not to pierce the skin on the other side.
- Once both halves have vertical slices, cut the flesh in a grid-like pattern, making small squares without slicing through the skin on the other side.
- At this point, you can use a spoon to gently scoop between the flesh and the skin to pop out the cubes or you can use your hands to push the skin from underneath the flesh, creating a hedgehog-like effect. If your mango is ripe enough, you may be able to salvage a bit from the seed. Use a small paring knife alongside the seed and the skin to remove a little more goodness!
How to store a mango:
- Once you have sliced or diced your mangos, you can use them right away or store them in an airtight container in the refrigerator for about five days.
- They also freeze extremely well and make a delicious addition to smoothies or can be used as ice cubes in your favorite mocktail!
To find a Sprouts Farmers Market near you, visit Sprouts.com.
Copyright 2022 WFLX. All rights reserved.


Bring your plants to an explosive finish.
CLIMAX contains the essential elements required to get your plants over the finish line. CLIMAX will increase essential oil production, improve nutrient uptake and force your plants to finish evenly and on schedule.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
Add to reservoir at 2-4ml per litre for 5-7 days 2 weeks before harvest.
After using CLIMAX flush plants for 7 days with a quarter strength base nutrient solution.
CLIMAX - 250ml - £17.95
CLIMAX - 1 Litre - £34.95
CLIMAX - 5 Litre - £99.95
COMPLETE COMPOUND FERTILIZER WITH TRACE ELEMENTS
0.0-9.9-7.0 (2.6 magnesium, 2.5 sulphur)
Total Nitrogen - 0.0%
Phosphorous Pentoxide - 9.9%
Phosphorous Pentoxide soluble in water - 9.9%
Potassium Oxide - 7.0%
Potassium Oxide soluble in water - 7.0%


I have been craving Virginia peanuts for many days now, and if I bring them into l’etoile – they do not last long at all. Of course I love out culinary heritage here in Charlottesville and the rest of the state, but the peanut named after our commonwealth are hard to beat.
The peanut plant probably originated in Brazil or Peru, although no fossil records exist to prove this. But for as long as people have been making pottery in South America (3,500 years or so) they have been making jars shaped like peanuts and decorated with peanuts. Graves of ancient Incas found along the dry western coast of South America often contain jars filled with peanuts and left with the dead to provide food in the afterlife.
Peanuts were grown as far north as Mexico by the time the Spanish began their exploration of the New World. The explorers took peanuts back to Spain, where they are still grown. From Spain, traders and explorers took peanuts to Africa and Asia. In Africa the plant became common in the western tropical region. The peanut was regarded by many Africans as one of several plants possessing a soul.
When Africans were brought to North America as slaves, peanuts came with them. Slaves planted peanuts throughout the southern United States (the word goober comes from the Congo name for peanuts – nguba). In the 1700’s, peanuts, then called groundnuts or ground peas, were studied by botanists and regarded as an excellent food for pigs. Records show that peanuts were grown commercially in South Carolina around 1800 and used for oil, food and a substitute for cocoa. However, until 1900 peanuts were not extensively grown, partially because they were regarded as food for the poor, and because growing and harvesting were slow and difficult until labor-saving equipment was invented around the turn of the century.
The first notable increase in U.S. peanut consumption came in 1860 with the outbreak of the Civil War. Northern soldiers, as well as Southern, used the peanut as a food. During the last half of the 19th century, peanuts were eaten as a snack, sold freshly roasted by street vendors and at baseball games and circuses. While peanut production rose during this time, peanuts were harvested by hand which left stems and trash in the peanuts. Thus, poor quality and lack of uniformity kept down the demand for peanuts.
In the U.S., peanuts are used in candies, cakes, cookies, and other sweets. They are also enjoyed roasted and salted. Peanut butter is one of the most popular peanut-based foods in the U.S., and for four hundred years, recipes for peanut soup have been present in the South, Virginia in particular. In some southern portions of the U.S., peanuts are boiled for several hours until soft and moist. Peanuts are also deep fried, shell and all.
Around 1900, equipment was invented for planting, cultivating, harvesting and picking peanuts from the plants, and for shelling and cleaning the kernels. With these mechanical aids, peanuts rapidly came into demand for oil, roasted and salted nuts, peanut butter and candy. George Washington Carver began his research into peanuts in 1903 at Tuskeegee Institute. Research that would lead him to discover improvements in horticulture and the development of more than 300 uses for peanuts (including shoe polish and shaving cream).
Peanuts have many uses. They can be eaten raw, used in recipes, made into solvents and oils, used in make-up, medicines, textile materials, peanut butter, as well as many other uses. Popular confections made from peanuts include salted peanuts, peanut butter (sandwiches, peanut candy bars, peanut butter cookies, and cups), peanut brittle, and shelled nuts (plain/roasted). Salted peanuts are usually roasted in oil and packed in retail-size plastic bags or hermetically sealed cans. Dry roasted salted peanuts are also marketed in significant quantities. Peanuts are often a major ingredient in mixed nuts because of their inexpensiveness compared to Brazil nuts, cashews, walnuts, and so on. Although peanut butter has been a tradition on camping trips and the like because of its high protein content and the fact that it resists spoiling for long periods of time, the primary use of peanut butter is in the home, but large quantities are also used in the commercial manufacture of sandwiches, candy, and bakery products. Boiled peanuts are a preparation of raw, unshelled green peanuts boiled in brine and often eaten as a snack. More recently, fried peanut recipes have emerged – allowing both shell and nut to be eaten. Peanuts are also used in a wide variety of other areas, such as cosmetics, nitroglycerin, plastics, dyes and paints.
The talented botanist recognized the value of the peanut as a cash crop and proposed that peanuts be planted as a rotation crop in the Southeast cotton-growing areas where the boll weevil insect threatened the regions’ agricultural base. Farmers listened and the face of southern farming was changed forever. For his work in promoting its cultivation and consumption, Carver is considered the father of the peanut industry.
Peanut production rose rapidly during and after World Wars I and II as a result of the peanut’s popularity with Allied forces, and as a result of the post-war baby boom.
Today, peanuts contribute over four billion dollars to the U.S. economy each year.


Big, well-balanced flavors of cherry, spices and summer savory lead to a lengthy finish with silky tannins.
Our Syrah is grown at our Five Sisters Estate Vineyard located just to the west of the winery, perched on a small, 18-acre hillside that offers commanding views of the Carneros wetlands. It is ideally situated for growing world-class cool climate Syrah. The grapes receive cooling benefits from morning fog and afternoon breezes from the nearby Pacific Ocean and San Pablo Bay. During the mid-day, temperatures warm up providing the grapes with excellent exposure. This unique terroir creates a very long growing season. The rugged hillside is meticulously tended by hand (and sheep) and yields spectacular fruit year after year.
Our Los Carneros Syrah grapes were handpicked, destemmed without being crushed, and pumped to our fermentors. The must began to ferment with natural yeast within 48 hours of crushing. The wine was pumped-over three times a day to maximize fruit and color extraction. Fermentation was kept at moderately warm temperature and the must was pressed shortly after the wine had gone dry to achieve the desired amount of tannin and extract. The wine was racked once and then moved on to French oak with a medium-dark toast level for aging.


Mechanical weed control
Mechanical weed control used in three ways.
1st Cutting off the plant. When doing this, it is important to cut the plant below the growing point. Which is the point on the plant where it grows out of. If you cut the plant above the growing point the plant will continue to grow and expand.
2nd Pulling up plants by the roots. It is the most time-consuming method when you have to do this by hand.
3rd Cover the plants so that no light reaches them. All plants require sunlight to grow.
Thermal weed control
The fastest method is by quickly heating the weeds using a weed brurner. It's important to understand you should not actively burn the weeds away (do not start a fire that you can't control) but just sweep the flame over the weeds. The fluid in the cells expands when heated and burst the cell walls. The plant can no longer take up fluid and nutrients and dies. Some weeds die immediately after treatment, while others survive. These weeds require repeated treatment. Do not give up - be patient.


Some biomass energy crops make sense environmentally and economically. For example, poplar trees are farmed sustainably to yield energy harvests every 3 to 6 years. Poplar requires less water and other inputs than crops such as corn. After harvest, the tree re-sprouts from the same root stalk, a very efficient way to produce biomass.
Especially on marginal lands, energy crops that are not deemed invasive and do not require water may be an economical and a productive use of the ground to produce biofuel feedstock for torrefaction.


Sweet Chestnut / Castanea Sativa
Origin: Auvergne, France
The Sweet Chestnut is an ancient tree originally from minor Asia. Evidence indicates that it has been cultivated by man even far before Christ because of its many uses. The fruit being the most known part of the tree, the leaves also possesses valuable qualities.
Use and advices:
Infuse 1-2 tablespoons of dried leaves per teacup and let them steep in 70-80ºC water for about 8 minutes before enjoying. We always recommend drinking herbal infusions in slow sips.
1-3 cups / day
- Within normal consumption there are no known contraindications.
Sweet Chestnut leaves are harvested in the spring since it’s the young leaves that are the most interesting to collect. Harvest on a dry and warm day, and always in clean areas. As with all wild harvesting, make certain of your identification of the tree prior to collecting and consuming.
The availability of the plants that we propose can vary during the year, as nature itself changes with the season, and our stock. If you require large quantities, please contact us in advance.


Here's my 25 week belly! It feels like it has grown a lot in the past week. The weather here's been great -- 60's and sunny -- so we've been really active: bike riding, walking everywhere, chasing after the kids we babysit outside, and going on picnics in the park. It's been great! The nice weather also means we get to start gardening. We have a plot for veggies right in our apartment complex, and we just started breaking up the soil today for planting a few spring plants.