Dr. Yijun Zhao
Director of the MS in Data Science (MSDS) Program
Computer and Information Sciences Department
Dr. Zhao’s research focuses on machine learning (ML) – an essential branch of Data Science. Data Science draws heavily from empirical exploration of data to solve complex problems. However, the world around us constantly challenges practitioners with new information and previously unhandled exceptions. As a result, applying theoretical, off-the-shelf ML models often fares poorly in practice. These models’ failures typically arise from data’s incompleteness, contamination with errors, or violation of underlying assumptions. In her research, Dr. Zhao and her team strive to approach real-life problems from new perspectives that make them amenable to ML methods and leverage experts’ domain knowledge. These new methods creatively exploit unique circumstances associated with a given task to establish a sound theoretical footing and allow for more effective learning. The resulting new approaches can often be extended to other domains with similar learning needs. In the course of her work, Dr. Zhao has established robust, long-term collaborations with prestigious research institutions, including Harvard Medical School, NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, and Fordham researchers at the CIS, Psychology, and Chemistry departments.
I am actively looking for motivated students to
work on applications of machine/deep learning in various domains, including
healthcare, education, finance, and economics.
If you would like to explore an area of research that is driving
innovations in every sector of our daily life, please contact me to discuss
Past and Current Projects
Fordham students are marked in red in the listed publications.
Predicting Disease Course of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the number one medical cause of neurological disability amongst young persons in the U.S., with an overall prevalence of 400,000. The majority of cases present with relapses involving neurological deficits such as vision blurring or loss, weakness, numbness, imbalance or cognitive deficits. In our research, we work closely with doctors from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) in Boston, Massachusetts to predict the disability level of MS patients at the fifth year mark using their first two year's longitudinal data. Our clinical data are collected as part of the CLIMB (Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women’s Hospital) study at BWH. The CLIMB study is a large-scale, long-term study of patients with MS. It is designed to investigate the course of the disease in the current era of treatment. The main goals of the study are to identify predictors of future disease course when patients are at the beginning of their illness and determine the effects of treatment on disease progression and accumulation of disability.
- Y. Zhao and T. Chitnis, "Dirichlet Mixture of Gaussian Processes with Split-kernel: An Application to Predicting Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis Patients," The International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2022   [PDF]
- Y. Zhao, T. Wang, R. Bove, B. Cree, R. Henry, H. Lokhande, M. Polgar-Turcsanyi, M. Anderson, R. Bakshi, H. Weiner, T. Chitnis, and SUMMIT Investigators. "Ensemble learning predicts multiple sclerosis disease course in the SUMMIT study," npj Digital Medicine, 2020   [Online]
- Y. Zhao, M. Berretta, T. Wang, and T. Chitnis, "A Temporal Model with Dynamic Imputation for Missing Target Values in Longitudinal Patient Data," IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 2020   [Online]
- Y. Zhao, B. Healy, D. Rotstein, C. Guttmann, R. Bakshi, H. Weiner, C. Brodley, and T. Chitnis "Exploration of Machine Learning Techniques in Predicting Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course," PLOS ONE, 2017   [PDF]
- Y. Zhao, T. Chitnis, B. Healy, J. Dy, and C. Brodley "Domain Induced Dirichlet Mixture of Gaussian Processes: An Application to Predicting Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients," The IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Series (ICDM), 2015   [PDF]
Y. Zhao, C. Brodley, T. Chitnis, and B. Healy, "Addressing Human Subjectivity via Transfer Learning: An Application to Predicting Disease Outcome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients," 2014 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, 2014   [PDF]
Deep Learning for Detecting and Reducing Motion Artifacts in Brain MRI Images
Modern neuroimaging is central to the assessment of patients with epilepsy. However, in-scanner head motion degrades the quality of brain MRI and thereby reduces the utility of MRI for the detection of clinically relevant neuroanatomical abnormalities. This research aims to address the motion artifacts associated with brain MRI scans using the recent advances in computer vision. Working closely with doctors and researchers from NYU Langone’s Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, we develop deep learning models for detecting and reducing motion artifacts in brain MRI Scans.
- S. Li, and Y. Zhao, "Addressing Motion Blurs in Brain MRI Scans Using Conditional Adversarial Networks and Simulated Curvilinear Motions," Journal of Imaging, 2022   [Online]
- H. Pardoe, S. Martin, Y. Zhao, A. George, H. Yuan, J. Zhou, W. Liu, and O. Devinsky, "Estimation of in-scanner head pose changes during structural MRI using a convolutional neural network trained on eye tracker video," Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2021   [Online]
- Y. Zhao, J. Ossowski, X. Wang, S. Li, O. Devinsky, S. Martin, and H. Pardoe, "Localized Motion Artifact Reduction on Brain MRI Using Deep Learning with Effective Data Augmentation Techniques," The International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2021   [Online]
Y. Zhao, B. Ahmed, T. Thesen, K. E. Blackmon, J. Dy, and C. Brodley "A Non-parametric Approach to Detect Epileptogeic Lesions using Restricted Boltzmann Machines," 22nd ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), 2016   [PDF]
B. Ahmed, T. Thesen, K. Blackmon, and Y. Zhao, O. Devinsky, R. Kuzniercky, C. Brodley, "HierarchicalConditional Random Fields for Outlier Detection: An Application to Detecting Epileptogenic Cortical Malformations," The 31st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2014   [PDF]
Machine Learning to Monitor and Predict Lupus Disease Course
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease associated with premature morbidity and
mortality. The clinical course is characterized by disease flares which can range from mild to life-threatening and can affect various organ systems. The objective of our research is to utilize EHR data and machine-learning methods to classify real-world SLE flares and to identify predictors of SLE flares. My team’s contributions in this area include exploiting machine learning methods to predict hospitalizations of SLE patients, and a personalized, patient-centered approach to optimizing lupus care.
- Y. Zhao, D. Smith, and A. Jorge, " Comparing Two Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Lupus Hospitalization Using Longitudinal Data," Scientific Reports, 2022   [Online]
- Y. Zhao, M. Qin, and A. Jorge, "A Calibrated Ensemble Algorithm to Address Data Heterogeneity in Machine Learning: An Application to Identify Severe SLE Flares in Lupus Patients," IEEE Access, 2022   [Online]
- A. Jorge , D. Smith, Z .Wu,T. Chowdhury, K. Costenbader, Y. Zhang, H.Choi, C. Feldan, and Y. Zhao "Exploration
of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hospitalizations," Lupus, 2022   [Online]
Hospital Readmissions Analysis
Reducing unnecessary admissions and readmissions to acute care facilities has been a focus of healthcare quality improvement efforts. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) estimated that in 2011, there were approximately 3.3 million adult 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions in the United States. Avoidable admissions and readmissions not only cause patients prolonged illness and pain, but also burden the healthcare system with unnecessary costs. HCUP estimated that in 2011, 30-day adult all-cause readmissions were associated with about $41.3 billion in hospital costs. In our research, we collaborate with researchers from University of Florida and apply the state of the art machine learning techniques to predict individual 30-day readmission probabilities of soon-to-be discharged inpatients. In addition, we examine trends in length of stay, hospital charges, and in-hospital mortality associated with different causes, as well as identified patient-level risk factors associated with 30-day readmissions.
- Y. Zhao, W. Wu, Y. Jin, S. Gu, H. Wu, J. Wang, X. Jiang, and H. Xiao, "Predicting 30-Day Hospital Readmissions for Patients with Diabetes," International Conference on Health Informatics (HIMS), 2019   [PDF]
Educational Data Mining
Dr. Zhao is a co-director (with Dr. Weiss and Dr. Leeds from CIS) of Fordham’s Educational Data Mining Laboratory. Our research utilizes data mining and other analytical techniques to learn about student academic performance and the educational process. Our studies include descriptive data mining related to the sequencing and the relationships between courses and predictive data mining that predicts instructor effectiveness, future student performance, and suitable disciplines for a student to major in. Additionally, we are developing predictive models and a free software tool to combat systematic racism, gender bias, and cultural bias in academic letters of recommendation (LOR). To this end, we will leverage natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning methods to identify the language in LORs that may be associated with bias. The software tool will aid the recommendation writer by highlighting potential instances of bias and suggesting alternatives.
- D. Leeds, C. Chen, Y. Zhao , F. Metla, J. Guest, and G. Weiss, "Generalize Sequential Pattern Mining of Undergraduate Courses," International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM), 2022   [pdf]
- Y. Zhao, B. Lackaye, J. Dy, and C. Brodley, "A Quantitative Machine Learning Approach to Master Students Admission for Professional Institutions," International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM), 2020   [PDF]
- Y. Zhao, Q. Xu, M. Chen, and G. Weiss "Predicting Student Performance in a Master’s Program in Data Science using Admissions Data," International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM), 2020   [PDF]
A Study of Ways of Coping, Stress, and School Adjustment for College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating loss of human life worldwide and extraordinary challenges to public health. University students have faced particular challenges during the pandemic. This research aims to leverage a proprietary dataset our team collected after the onset of the pandemic and develop machine learning models to predict college students’ ways of coping with stress, and school adjustment when facing unprecedented challenges. Because the COVID-19 outbreak was first reported in China, anti-Asian attitudes and rhetoric have increased exponentially both in the media and in daily life interactions. We further study racial/ethnic subgroups (i.e., Asian, non-Asian, and international) with customized predictive models and compare their coping strategies and stress levels.
Y. Zhao, Y. Ding, H. Chekerid, and Y. Wang, "Student Adaptation to College and Coping in Relation to Adjustment
During COVID-19: A Machine Learning Approach," Under Revision
Y. Zhao, Y. Ding, Y. Shen, S. Failing, and J. Hwang, "Different coping patterns among U.S. graduate and undergraduate students during COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022   [Online]
Y. Zhao, Y. Ding, Y. Shen, and W. Liu, "Gender Difference in Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioral Patterns Among University Students During COVID-19: A machine learning approach," Frontiers in Psychology, 2022   [Online]
Deep Learning for Statistical Arbitrage
This study explores the utility of deep learning (DL) approaches in statistical arbitrage under the “generalized pairs-trading” paradigm. Stock returns are regressed on a set of risk factors derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the long-short memory (LSTM) structure is employed to forecast directions of idiosyncratic residuals. Daily market-neutral trades are constructed based on the predicted signals. We compare the results to the influential relative value model by Avellaneda and Lee on the universe of S&P 500 stocks.
- Y. Zhao, S. Xu, and J. Ossowski, "Deep Learning Meets Statistical Arbitrage: An Application of Long Short-Term Memory Networks to Algorithmic Trading," Journal of Fiancial Data Science, 2022.   [Online]


Benefits Of Garcinia Cambogia
Garcinia Cambogia is a fruit that looks like a small-sized pumpkin and is native to Indonesia. The fruit’s rind contains high amounts of hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which is the main ingredient in Garcinia Cambogia supplements. A series of clinical studies have shown that HCA can block fat storage and, therefore, aid in weight loss, among other benefits. In fact, HCA is believed to be able to double the rate of weight loss even without dieting.
Here are the rest of the known benefits of Garcinia Cambogia.
It prevents the storage of fat by inhibiting the production of the enzyme citrate lyase that is used by the body to convert carbohydrates into their storage form – fat. That means that your body will use up most of the carbohydrates you consume and you’ll end up with a leaner body. If you perform exercise as well, you’ll build muscle and your body will be able to burn calories much faster – thanks to increased metabolic rate. The result of HCA and muscle growth is increased weight loss.
HCA has been shown to have appetite suppressant properties. This comes as a result of increased serotonin levels in the brain, a hormone that affects good mood. Low serotonin levels lead to low moods which cause many people to binge eat. However, people in good moods tend to be more health conscious with food choices and, therefore, you’ll be in better position to maintain a healthy weight.
The other benefit is that the Garcinia Cambogia extract is an all-natural product. While this may not seem like an advantage at first, you should know that a supplement that is 100% pure Garcinia Cambogia contains no additives that may reduce the extract’s effectiveness. In addition, there are no known side effects of a 100% pure Garcinia Cambogia, so you can safely use it without worrying about undesirable effects.
It’s highly effective. In addition to the series of clinical studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of Garcinia Cambogia, thousands of individual users have been raving about the supplement’s ‘miraculous’ effect on weight loss.
It is backed by scientific research. A number of clinical studies have been performed to verify the claims made about Garcinia Cambogia and almost all studies have proven that it has fat blocking properties that aid in weight loss. For this reason, many doctors have recommended it alongside an effective weight loss regiment and a healthy diet.
It is very affordable. Supplements containing Garcinia Cambogia extract are relatively affordable compared to many over-hyped and expensive formulas. That said, you should be on the lookout for inferior supplements manufactured in countries with lax controls on the manufacture of supplements.
These are the benefits of Garcinia Cambogia extract for weight loss. However, you should consult with your healthcare provider prior to using any supplements. Although there are no known side effects, you should stop taking the supplement if you experience any discomfort.


Sunday, June 23, 2013
Weight loss through Bariatric Surgery
Severely obese persons often cannot be helped with calorie-restricted diet and exercise even when supplemented with non-prescriptive weight loss drugs. Managing obesity can often be done with surgery which is considered the last resort of choice. This drastic solution is called bariatric surgery whose objective is to reduce stomach size and thereby reduce food intake.
The process involves either of two main procedures..
(1) Malabsorptive procedures: reducing stomach size while creating malabsorption by altering how the nourishment is achieved. This has become a rare procedure due to its inherent risks for inducing severe nutritional deficiency.
(2) Restrictive procedures: This involves simply reducing the size of the stomach and the most widely performed bariatric surgery among severely obese patients.
Who should undergo bariatric surgery?
As a last resort to weight loss, the U.S. National Institutes of Health suggests that obese people with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 suffering co-morbidities like diabetes or heart diseases, and those with BMI of 40 without diagnosed co-morbidities should strongly consider bariatric surgery. Recent medical research suggests that bariatric surgery could be most suitable for obese persons with a BMI of 35 to 40 without co-morbidities or a BMI of 30 to 35 diagnosed with co-morbidities.  In addition, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases has indicated that bariatric surgery is most suitable for women who are at lest 80 lbs overweight and men who are at least 100 lbs overweight.
Obese persons suffering co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea can be considered candidates for bariatric surgery. One who is seriously considering it should consult with his or her doctor for the surgical options and a full disclosure of its potential post-surgical complications.
How malabsorptive bariatric surgery works
Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD)
This is complex surgery where part of the stomach is resected to create a smaller pouch and where the distal part of the small intestine bypasses the jejunum and duodenum before being reconnected to the resected stomach pouch. BPD is now rarely performed mostly due to its high risk of complications such as gallstones and several nutritional deficiencies that, without supplementation, could lead to osteoporosis and anemia.
How restrictive bariatric surgery works
A smaller stomach pouch gets full faster, and a feeling of satiation sets in so you eat fewer food portions over a shorter period of time and you lose weight progressively. Restrictive bariatric surgery reduces the size of the stomach through laparoscopic tools is the most popular and often involves the following.
(1) Sleeve gastrectomy
The stomach is surgically reduced to around 15% of its former size and using surgical staples, or sutures or both, leaves the stomach looking like a banana-shaped tube and is irreversible. As the stomach size is reduced, the portion where hormones are produced to stimulate hunger (Ghrelin) is likewise removed and has been shows to be effecting moves patients with a BMI higher than 55. A majority of patients undergoing this surgical process can expect to lose about 30% to 50% of their excess body weight in 6 months to a year.
(2) Adjustable gastric banding
A silicone band that can be inflated with 4 to 12cc of saline solution is placed around the stomach. When inflated, it constricts the stomach to create a smaller stomach pouch at the top section, decreases the size of the passage between this pouch and the lower stomach and slows food passage between the two. Once food is digested in the upper stomach pouch, no further digestion takes place in the lower stomach and the digested simply passes to the intestines.
The resulting smaller stomach pouch holds about ½ to 1 cup of food while the entire stomach could hold 6 cups. As a reversible and adjustable process, you can expect a few visits back to the surgeon to adjust the band with the injection or suction of saline solution to achieve optimal constriction. The band is tightened or loosened so that hunger is best controlled but not too tight for digested food not to flow freely.
Obese people can expect to lose 33% to 50% of their excess weight after undergoing this procedure and can be achieved slower than with Gastric Bypass surgery over a 3-year period.  In addition, gastric banding can be reversed once the obesity is corrected or when the proper BMI is achieved, if the patient so desires. .
(3) Gastric Bypass Surgery
The most popular form of gastric bypass surgery is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass where a small stomach pouch is formed using a stapler device, and connected to the distal small intestine. The upper section of the small intestine is then re-connected to form a Y-shaped configuration. About 140,000 gastric bypass surgery has been done as of 2005 to make it the most widely used bariatric surgery. But its success has been largely due to the stringent post-surgery compliance to a prescribed diet and eating pattern.
Medical studies have shown that bariatric surgery can cause significant long-term weight loss efficacy, recovery from diabetes, improvement in cardiovascular risk factors, and halving statistical mortality rates reduced from 40% to 23%.  In addition, the more popular forms of bariatric surgery have been known to lose about 40% to 50% of unwanted weight. That's because the smaller stomach resulting from the surgery makes you feel full faster every meal and thus, decreases your food cravings and consumption.
Complications and side effects
Complications from any kind of surgery are high and barbaric surgery complications are common. A study of 2522 insurance claims showed that about 22% suffered initial complications while 40% suffered complications within 6 months of surgery. Some of the more common complications include:
-Diarrhea and bloating after meals (gastric dumping syndrome), requiring medication or smaller meals: 20%
-Leaks at the surgical site (12%),
-Incisional hernia (7%),
-Surgical wound Infections (6%)
Mortality rate among patients with no known co-morbidities is small at 0.2%. Most of complications have been observed to be common among patients aged over 40. However, they were significantly reduced when bariatric surgery is performed by seasoned doctors or surgeons.  A study on the end-point safety of bariatric surgery shows that mortality, serious complications, re-interventions and further hospitalization occurred in 1.0% of patients who underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, 4.8% in laparoscopic gastric bypass, and 7.8% in open gastric bypass.  Gastric banding procedure has shown the least complication rate. But as with any surgery, band gastric surgery carries the same risk of wound infections and minor bleeding which can often be treated with antibiotics.
If you are obese or overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher, undergoing restrictive bariatric surgical procedure is generally safe when performed by experienced surgeons or healthcare professionals specializing in the process. In February 2011, the FDA reduced the recommended BMI threshold to 30 for those considering the process. This opened up the surgical weight loss solution even to those with moderate obesity. If you are even moderately obese and have been going through diet and exercise regimens for years with little or no success, a bariatric surgery such as gastric banding or gastric bypass surgery can be your most effective and long lasting weight management solution.


Keeping your facial skin healthy is a significant part of the elegance regimen. A healthy and balanced skin needs nourishment from both inside and also outside. For internal nourishment, it is essential to have a healthy and balanced diet that consists of the correct amount of nutrient called for by the skin. On the surface, one ought to on a regular basis cleanse and also hydrate.
Our electric face mask machine
skin is rather revealed to extreme environments along with ageing can cause the body to take in much less. This is why outside nutrients in the form of lotions, creams, printer toners, products, scrubs, and also masks could assist. These frequently include active nutrients that are substantial to skin health and wellness. While many individuals utilize such items readily available in the market, it is a great practice to apply DIY or organic homemade treatments.
of fruits can be made into scrubs as well as masks that are unbelievably nourishing for the skin. And if you are worried about preparing these in the house, you can get the Meiigo Charm fruit mask machine. This device is secure and also hassle-free to utilize in your home and also your facial charm routine will become simpler as well as fun.
Features of the Meiigo Beauty Fruit Mask Equipment
Here is how the fruit mask device from Meiigo Elegance can be practical for cleansing the skin successfully at home:
This device supports both preparing of homemade masks and steaming the face. This adds to the comfort of the individual as they can get the device at a practical cost rather than seeking pricey specialist elegance therapies.
Fruit and Vegetable Masks
Nature has supplied us with multiple resources of nourishment for the skin. We can just find the vegetables and fruits in the residence kitchen area to prepare organic as well as healthy masks and scrubs for the face. The fruit mask device by Meiigo Charm can efficiently mix multiple fruits and vegetables as well as vegetables and fruits with each other for making effective homemade charm therapies.
If your face is prone to persistent blackheads and whiteheads, it can assist to chill out the pores prior to using the mask or scrub. Steaming the face skin is perfect for making it soft and also loosening up the debris inside for easy removal. Pores can also be made pliable if better absorption of various other charm products like lotions, oils, as well as moisturizers is called for.
One of the concerns people have with at-home skin cleaning makers is the trouble to preserve their hygiene. The fruit mask device from Meiigo Charm has an automated cleansing and water rinsing design. This makes it nearly effortless to cleanse the equipment once it has actually been made use of.
Why Use the Meiigo Elegance Fruit Mask Machine?
If you don't wish to utilize the chemical-rich items offered in the market or spend way too much money on organic therapies, after that using the at-home fruit mask equipment is most appropriate.
All you should know is what vegetables and fruits could cleanse and nourish the skin deeply and also how to prepare their masks. Rest will certainly be cared for by this outstanding maker.


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- What is the issue?
- What is this article intended to do?
- What is the University doing about it?
- What can you do to help?
- What can the supervisor do?
- What to do if you are approached about the scent product you are wearing
What is the issue?
There has been increasing awareness at the University that exposure to perfumes and other scented products can trigger serious health reactions in individuals with asthma, allergies, migraines, or chemical sensitivities.
Fragrances are found in a wide range of products. Common scented products include perfume, cologne, aftershave, deodorant, soap, shampoo, hairspray, bodyspray, makeup and powders. Examples of other products with added scents include air fresheners, fabric softeners, laundry detergents, cleaners, carpet deodorizers, facial tissues, and candles.
We generally think that it is a personal choice to use fragrances; however, fragrance chemicals are by their very nature shared. The chemicals vapourize into the air and are easily inhaled by those around us. Today’s scented products are made up of a complex mixture of chemicals, many of which are synthetic compounds derived from petroleum products. These fragrance chemicals, classified as volatile organic compounds, can contribute to indoor air quality problems and cause health problems.
Susceptible individuals can experience a variety of symptoms, including headache, sore throat, runny nose, sinus congestion, wheezing, shortness of breath, dizziness, anxiety, anger, nausea, fatigue, mental confusion and an inability to concentrate. Some of these fragrance chemicals are known to be skin sensitizers. Some are also respiratory tract irritants, and can trigger asthma and breathing difficulties. Asthmatics commonly cite fragrances as initiating or exacerbating their asthma. Fragrances are also implicated in vascular changes that can trigger migraines in susceptible individuals. Individuals with chemical sensitivities can experience symptoms at very low levels in the air, far below those known to cause harmful effects in the general population.
Although the mechanisms by which fragrance chemicals act to produce symptoms are not yet understood, the impact on all those affected can be quite severe, resulting in great difficulty in work and study activities.
What is this article intended to do?
Firstly, this information article is intended to increase the awareness within the University community about the potential impact of fragrance chemicals on the health, wellbeing, productivity and lifestyle of those affected.
Secondly, in order to protect those individuals with fragrance sensitivities and to possibly prevent others from developing such sensitivities, the University is asking for voluntary cooperation towards a scent-reduced environment. Faculty, staff, students and visitors are strongly encouraged to avoid or reduce the use of fragranced products, and to replace them with unscented alternatives.
We recognize that the issue is complex and controversial to some. We recognize the personal right of individuals to use scented products. We believe, however, that this must be balanced with the adverse health effects and extreme discomfort that can be suffered by fragrance-sensitive individuals.
This is not an issue about an individual disliking the smell of a particular perfume and getting what he/she wants in the workplace. This is not a ban on scented products. This is a request to voluntarily refrain from chemical-based scented products.
What is the University doing about it?
Recognizing that chemicals, including fragrance ’ chemicals, can negatively impact on indoor air quality, the University will strive to:
Promote the reduction of unnecessary use of chemicals, including fragrance chemicals.
Promote the use of environmentally-friendly and least harmful products in laboratories, cleaning materials, and building materials.
Target harmful chemicals and contaminants and implement controls to effectively prevent or minimize their release into the general air as a result of building, maintenance, custodial, research and teaching activities.
Support the best possible air quality practicably attainable, by means of proper ventilation, peak performance and proper maintenance of building mechanical ventilation systems, in keeping with the University’s Indoor Air Quality Standard.
Develop proper information and training to promote the above to the University community.
What can you do to help?
Be considerate of those who are sensitive to fragrance chemicals. Avoid using scented products; instead, use unscented alternatives.
If you do use scented products, use them sparingly. A general guideline for scented products is that the scent should not be detectable more than an arm’s length away from you. Do not apply scented products in a public area.
Be an informed customer. Read the product label. A product labelled as "fragrance-free" is likely to be free of fragrance chemicals. A product labelled as "scent-free" or "unscented" may mean that no fragrance chemicals have been added to the product, or it may be that a masking agent has been added to disguise the smell of some of the ingredients. These terms are not regulated, so use your nose or ask the store to check the product for fragrances.
Avoid using products (e.g. air fresheners or potpourris) that give off chemical-based scents in your work area.
Avoid using laundry products or cleaning agents that are scented. Air out drycleaned clothing before wearing.
What can you do if you are sensitive to fragrance chemicals?
If you feel you can do so comfortably, approach the scented individual and let him/her know how you react to fragrances. Be specific about the types of physical reactions you have (e.g. asthma attacks, migraines, shortness of breath). Talk to the individual in a cordial and respectful manner. Ask for their understanding and cooperation. Many people are unaware of the potential health effects of fragrance chemicals.
Inform your supervisor of your sensitivities, your symptoms, and the types of exposures that improve or worsen these symptoms. Ask your supervisor to assist in finding a solution to your situation. You may ask your supervisor to discuss this matter with the individual involved if you do not feel comfortable doing so, or if the individual has done nothing after you have advised him/her of your situation.
- Consult with your physician about your symptoms.
- Consult the resources listed in this brochure for further information or assistance.
If an individual in your work area is adversely affected by scented products:
- Listen to the person with respect and civility.
- Clarify the issue. Ask the individual to describe their health effects, the factors that make the problem better or worse, and the actions they are taking to deal with it.
- Investigate the issue and use good judgement and consideration to provide a fair, uniform and timely resolution.
- Discuss the issue with your staff in an open and non-threatening manner. Inform them of the health concerns that have arisen as a result of the use of scented products in the workplace. You may- choose to have this discussion with an individual or a group of employees, whichever is appropriate to the situation.
- Request your staffs cooperation and understanding to voluntarily avoid the use of scented products in the area. Discuss the benefits of a scent-free work area.
- Implement measures to reasonably accommodate those who are affected by scented products. Where employees are severely limited due to exposure to scented products, you may need to establish a fragrance-free zone. For meetings held in enclosed rooms, you may need to send out notices to attendees informing them of the scent-free nature of the meeting.
- Consult with the building engineer regarding the adequacy of ventilation in the area.
- Distribute this information and display the "We Share the Air" poster.
- Refer those issues which cannot be resolved locally to the Department Head, the Office of Environmental Health and Safety, the local joint health and safety committee and/or Human Resources.
What should you do if you’re approached about the scented product you’re wearing?
If an individual or your supervisor informs you that the fragranced products that you use or wear are a problem and requests that you avoid using them, you may feel puzzled, hurt, annoyed, defensive or even insulted by the request.
Understand that it is not about you as a person or about your choice of fragrance, but it is about the chemicals in the fragranced product. Do not discount the issue as ridiculous and unreasonable.
Discuss the issue openly. Ask questions about the health impact on the person, the types of symptoms experienced, the factors which make the person’s symptoms better or worse (e.g. fragrance type, amount used).
Empathize with the individual. Work with cooperation and understanding towards a satisfactory resolution.
Office of Environmental Health and Safety
215 Huron Street, 7th floor
214 College Street
Tel. (416) 978-8030
St. George Campus Accessibility Services
(Programs and Services for Students with a Disability)
Robarts Library, 130 St. George Street, 1st Floor
Tel. (416) 978-8060, TDD (416) 978-1902
Ontario Lung Association
Tel. (418) 922-9440
Fragranced Products Information Network


These days, it seems like everyone from Justin Bieber, to Cirque du Soleil, to the president of the United States is using social media in some way, for good or for ill. In fact, according to SocialMediaToday, there were 2.8 billion active social media users worldwide as of January 2017. Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter are the most popular platforms. So how has the dramatic rise of social media over the past five years impacted healthcare, both positively and negatively? Are providers, medical distributors, surgical suppliers and more embracing social media?
Social media seems to have affected the healthcare sector just as much as any other business sector. In fact, several of the largest healthcare companies in the U.S. regularly use social media, including UnitedHealth Group, CVS, and AmerisourceBergen.
Though rarely used for diagnostic purposes, these platforms do allow doctors to more easily share and compare information, trends, results, and more. Responsible use of social media can improve physician-patient interactions and provide assistance with appointments and referrals. If they think outside the box, doctors can help motivate patients to live a healthier lifestyle. Platforms such as Twitter and YouTube are helpful in providing accurate information—how many patients might be interested in information regarding vaccines or other hotly debated topics?
Organizations from hospitals to distributors can use social media to communicate in time of crisis on topics like operational and ER status and product availability. For example, medical specialties distributors could use social media platforms to keep customers updated on a potential product shortage, or the availability of specific supplies important to our customers such as surgical sutures and other wound care products.


Do you remember studying dentistry and wondering what it was going to be like in the real world? There are students at Melbourne Dental School right now with exactly the same questions. Can you help them?
We are currently seeking 15 alumni to participate in the Melbourne Dental School Mentoring Program pilot. Five oral health practitioners and ten dentists currently operating in a general dentist practice will be selected for this pilot. It will be a great opportunity to enhance your coaching and leadership skills and connect with the next generation of graduates. Please read the information below and submit your application by 11:59pm on Friday 24th February 2017:
- What might I expect to gain from joining the mentoring program?
- Develop a fresh perspective on your career
- Extend your professional network
- Help to shape the future of your profession and community
- Connect with the next generation of graduates
- Support your mentee to identify and achieve their career goals and develop in confidence
- Participation in workshops contribute to CPD hours
- Reconnect or develop closer links with the University of Melbourne, ranked #1 in Australia
- What are the attributes of a good mentor?
A mentor is someone who is:
- Willing and eager to listen
- Enthusiastic and yet honest
- Open to learning and self-reflection
- Happy to share experiences, both positive and negative
- Supports and listens rather than coaching or lecturing
- What is required of a mentor?
To be eligible to become a mentor you need to:
- Have graduated as either a dentist or an Oral Health Therapist from the Melbourne Dental School
- Be currently working clinically in dental profession (either public and/or private) and preferably in a general dental environment as opposed to specialist practice
- Commit to at least monthly face-to-face meetings with your mentee between April and October 2017
- Attend two training/networking sessions, one at the start and the other at the completion of the program (for which CPD credits will be available)
- Demonstrate professional and ethical conduct
- Contact us


Exfoliate once a week. Slough off those dead skin cells using a natural, gentle exfoliant like almond meal and honey. Almonds are rich in skin-friendly vitamins like A, B1, B2, B6 and E. When almonds are ground into meal, they also retain a lot of the natural oils. Mix two tablespoons of almond meal with one tablespoon of honey. Smooth onto your skin and leave for 5 or 10 minutes. Then rub it in thoroughly, and wash off gently. Do this once a week for smooth, vibrant skin.
- porcelaintips posted this


H.B.Sc. University of Toronto
M.A. Simon Fraser University
Social, Academic/Career and Generalized Anxiety
Depression and Dysthymia
Stress and Overwhelm
Identity and Esteem Concerns
Adolescent Self Harm
Through therapy, I match attuned connection and care, a range of adaptive counselling strategies, and best practices from developmental psychology and neuroscience, to wherever you are in your healing process. From there I will help you figure out what works best for you as we support your next steps for growth and change.
My counselling integrates skills and approaches from Trauma Informed Practice, Dialectical Behavioural Therapy, Sensorimotor Psychotherapy, Mindfulness, Positive Psychology, holistic wellness principles, and my enthusiasm for life and learning. The therapeutic modalities I work with are evidence based, and backed by an understanding of human growth and development, with researched efficacy across many client bases and mental health concerns. My training and experience in these therapeutic tools, combined with your self-understanding and innate self-leadership capacity, will help us cultivate new, strength based insights and strategies for you to grow through even your most persistent and painful struggles.
I completed my Bachelor of Science in Psychology and Literature, with a focus on neuroscience and development at the University of Toronto. I hold a Masters in Counselling Psychology from Simon Fraser University. I have research and counselling expertise on youth self-harm recovery, which was the focus of my Masters Thesis.
I am a Registered Clinical Counsellor (RCC #16175) with the B.C. Association of Clinical Counsellors and am a Certified TeleMental Health Provider (postgrad). I have completed additional trainings in Developmental Trauma Treatment with CTRC (Complex Trauma Resources Centre) and Sensorimotor Psychotherapy with Janina Fisher at PESI. I hold a continuing education certification in Addiction Care and Treatment from UBC’s eCPD Faculty of Medicine.
I am a lifelong learner, and am committed to offering the most up to date basis of practice, grounded in research and skillful training for my clients. My upcoming trainings include Re-wiring the Traumatized Brain with Bessel Van der Kolk at NICABM and Foundations of Narrative Therapy with the Vancouver School for Narrative Therapy.
I have nearly half decade of professional experience, and have successfully treated upwards of 300 clients at this point in my career. I have worked with individuals and groups with both high-risk concerns as well as clients looking to manage moderate mental health concerns for more successful daily living. I’m experienced in both brief-intentional and long-term counselling approaches, grounded in clinical and community work and training across British Columbia. In addition to my e-counselling services, I currently work for a community counselling agency in B.C.’s Lower Mainland, and provide low barrier mental health and substance use counselling to youth, families and adults from many diasporas and walks of life.


Serial sections of liver were cut on the cryostat and collected on Superfrost/Plus coated slides (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh PA) and processed for immunocytochemistry for albumin, biotin, F 4/80, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or the endothelial cell marker CD-34. Slides with tissue sections were rinsed in Tris buffer three times and blocked for 1 hour in 3% normal goat serum (InVitrogen, Carlsbad CA) (for albumin, F4/80, CD-34) or 3% normal rabbit serum (for biotin). Each primary antibody was tested parametrically, in dilutions of Tris buffer in blocking solution, to determine the optimal antibody concentration to be used. The albumin antibody (Bethyl Labs; Montgomery TX) labeled with FITC was used at 1:500; the biotin antibody (Abcam; Cambridge MA) labeled with FITC was used at 1:500; the macrophage (Kupffer cell) antibody F/4/80 (Serotec, Raleigh NC) was used at 1:1000; the GFAP antibody (Dako; Carpinteria CA) was used at 1:3000; and the CD-34 antibody (Vector Labs) was used at 1:100. Sections were exposed to primary antibodies at room temperature and in the dark, overnight (16–18hr). The following day, slides were rinsed in Tris buffer three times. The sections for F4/80 then were incubated for 2 hours with either Alexa 488 or Alexa 546 goat anti-rat IgG at 1:1000 (Invitrogen; Carlsbad CA), sections for GFAP were incubated with either Alexa 488 or Alexa 546 goat anti-rabbit, at 1:1000 and sections for CD-34 were incubated with Alexa 488 goat anti-mouse at 1:1000. Following incubation, slides were rinsed with Tris buffer and coverslipped with Vectashield anti-fade fluorescent mounting medium with DAPI; DAPI served as a fluorescent (ultraviolet – UV) stain for cell nuclei.
Four groups of NOD and db/db mice were studied: non-diabetic, diabetic with normal emptying, diabetic with delayed gastric emptying, and diabetic with delayed gastric emptying reversed by the HO1 inducer hemin. Whole-mount samples from stomach were labeled in triplicate with antisera against F4/80, HO1, and CD206 and macrophages were quantified in stacked confocal images. Markers for macrophage subtypes were measured by quantitative PCR.
For immunofluorescence staining of adipose tissues, epididymal adipose tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, after which epididymal fat was removed and minced into small pieces (~2 to 3 mm). The tissue pieces were boiled in 10 mM citrate buffer for 15 min and treated with 0.3% Triton X-100 in Tris-buffered saline (TBS; 150 mM NaCl and 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)) for 10 min. Then, the tissue pieces were blocked with TBS containing 10% normal goat serum for 1 h at room temperature. In some experiments, Hoechst 33342 (Dojindo) and BODIPY (Molecular Probes) were added to the blocking solution. The tissue pieces were incubated with a primary antibody overnight at 4°C and then washed and probed with Alexa-conjugated secondary reagents. For immunofluorescence staining of pancreas, paraffin sections of pancreas were deparaffinized and rehydrated. The sections were boiled in 10 mM citrate buffer for 15 min and treated with 0.3% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 min. Then, the sections were blocked with TBS containing 10% normal goat serum for 1 h at room temperature. Thereafter, sections were incubated with blocking solution containing primary antibodies and Hoechst 33342 overnight at 4°C. Finally, the sections were washed and probed with Alexa-conjugated secondary reagents. Fluorescent images were taken with an A1 confocal microscope configured with a Ti-E inverted microscope (Nikon). The number of crown-like structures (CLS) was determined by counting the total number of CLS in a 1 mm2 visual field.


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Depression has been recorded since antiquity. Everybody feels ‘blue’, ‘sad’ or ‘upset’ at times or at some stage in his or her life. Transitory feelings of sadness or discouragement are perfectly normal, especially during particularly difficult times in a person’s life. A person who cannot get over these feelings may suffer from an illness called depression. In modern medicine it is well recognized that depression is an illness caused by an imbalance of neurochemicals in the brain.
How to tell when you are depressed
You can determine whether you are depressed, and also measure the severity of the depression by completing this Questionnaire.
Depression is a serious illness (a medical condition) and should not be confused with other mood conditions such as ordinary grief, burnout or disappointment. The two major indications of a major depression are either:
- Feeling sad, blue, down in the dumps that lasts two weeks or more;
- Diminished interest in pleasurable activities, including sex;
If any of the above important symptoms are present, also look for:
- Significant weight loss or gain;
- Sleeplessness or excessive sleeping;
- Slowed body movements or thoughts;
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt;
- Impaired concentration, indecision or forgetfulness; and / or
- Thoughts of death or suicide.
If you have either one of the first two symptoms, coupled with any four of the last seven, it means that you probably have a major depression. When the symptoms last for at least two weeks or if they include thoughts of suicide you should consult your doctor immediately.
What Causes Depression?
With our current medical knowledge we must assume that no single cause gives rise to depression. In some cases environmental stress, personal circumstances and life events (psychosocial cause) can give rise to a depressive episode. These events may be death of a loved one, physical illness, financial hardship, retirement and retrenchment. Genetic research also supports the theory that there are family links in depression. Ultimately depression has a neurochemical cause which forms the basis of modern medical management.
Treatment for Depression
Depression is one of the most easily treated emotional disorders today. More than 80 % of depressive patients should recover within a few weeks thanks to a variety of effective treatments that have become available.
Antidepressants are highly effective treatments. The choice of an antidepressant can be made from one of several classes of antidepressants. The most commonly used first line treatment for depression is the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s). Older classes of antidepressants are the Tricyclic Antidepressants and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors. Several new classes of antidepressants have been launched in recent years. Electroconvulsive or ‘shock’ therapy (ECT) is considered by many to be a very effective treatment for severe depression. It is used as a last line of treatment when all the other options were not successful.
What can you expect when treated with an antidepressant?
This is a graphic representation of the phases during treatment.
- The onset of action of all antidepressants is slow and you can expect at least two weeks of taking the antidepressant medication before you would start feeling better.
- A full response would only be felt after 6 to 8 weeks.
- It might be necessary for your doctor to adjust the dose of the medication upwards, or even change the medication to another class should you not have an adequate response.
- The duration of treatment should be at least 6 months to a year. Some patients might even have to stay on a maintenance dose of medication for a longer time, in some cases even for life.
- Never stop or change the dose of your medication without consulting your doctor. The patient must be committed to treatment and follow-up with his or her doctor at regular intervals.
- Antidepressants do not have any addictive properties.
- Maintenance is probably the most important facet in successful long-term treatment of depression – This can only be done by monitoring the outcome (Results) of treatment of depression on a regular basis.
Even if medication is working, the value of psychotherapy is important. Therapy is useful during or after medication to repair other problems associated with depression. Psychotherapy involves the verbal interaction between a trained professional (usually a psychologist) and a patient with emotional or behavioural problems. The therapist applies techniques based on established psychological principles to help the patient gain insights about him or herself and thus change his or her maladaptive thoughts, feelings and behaviour. Several forms of this ‘talk treatment’ have proven useful in helping the depressed person. Today it is well recognized that Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is most effective in dealing with patients with depression.
It is also important that depressed patients take responsibility for their own well being and develop a lifestyle that enhances this well being. The way you live your life, take care of yourself, and feel about yourself affects mood instability and depression. A concerted effort to alleviate stress in your life will go a long way to stabilize your mood. Making positive changes in your lifestyle and changing negative thought patterns to positive ones will also enhance overall well being. Take stock of your life, look at your lifestyle, build positive self-esteem and self-confidence, develop new ways of thinking, use relaxation techniques, change your diet, get regular exercise and join support groups.
How can family and friends help?
The willingness to listen to the negative thoughts and emotions of the depressed person is very important. Family and friends should be able to talk about and recognize feelings of such a person. (The following articles can be used as guidelines in understanding and developing these skills. Emosionele Inteligensie en Aktief Luister ). Family and friends should also be willing to find out more about depression, to learn the symptoms, and to help with treatment. Depression affects functioning, personality, attitude and perspective. People should know what to expect during the early stages of depression and over the long term. Relationships and lives will most probably be disrupted. An afrikaans article is available called ” Hoe om depressielyers te verstaan en te ondersteun “.
Depression usually means a loss of self-esteem or self-confidence. By maintaining as normal a relationship as possible, talking through unwarranted negative thinking, encouraging efforts to improve, and acknowledging that the person is suffering from an illness will improve the depressed person’s self-worth. Telling him “pull your-self together” will only worsen the situation, so do not use this, thinking it is a form of encouragement.
Understanding, care and respect will go a long way in giving the depressed person hope that his condition will eventually improve and his life return to normal.
Never ignore remarks about suicide or death. Report them to the treating doctor.
Self-help books can also be a valuable source of information. Consult your local bookstore or ask for “The Depression Workbook” by Mary Copeland (New Harbinger Publications).
If you have any more questions regarding Depression consult your Doctor.
The Depression and Anxiety Support Group, Johannesburg branch can be reached at Depression and Anxiety Group. Trained counsellors will be able to provide you with counselling and further information and booklets on Depression and Anxiety. They can also put you in touch with a branch in your area.


Organic Avocado Replenishing Cream (15gr)
A sumptuous aromatherapeutic night or rich day cream with nature's finest contribution to smoothing out lines and promoting skin regeneration.
Recommended by Brand New You:
"The lovely nutrients in Organic Avocado Replenishing Cream are great for hydrating the skin while we sleep … worth it for the lovely soft feeling when you wake."
"I always use it around my eyes before bedtime - it prevents dark rings in the morning!" C. H.
We make the Avocado Cream with:
· Organic cold-pressed avocado & olive oils (rich in protein and antioxidant vitamins - partic. vitamin E)
· Organic shea butter (moisturising)
· Biodynamic nettle herb (restorative)
· Relaxing, regenerative essential oils including frankincense, bergamot and lavender.
Suitable for Vegans.
aloe vera juice*, filtered water, cold-pressed avocado oil*, extra virgin olive oil*, shea butter*, rosemary extract*, nettle extract*, cetearyl alcohol (plant origin), cetearyl glucoside (plant origin), levulinic acid & sodium levulinate & glycerine (plant origin), lavender essential oil*, xanthan gum (plant origin), lichen extract, orange essential oil*, frankincense essential oil, bergamot essential oil*, ylang ylang essential oil*, limonene* & linalool* (in the essential oils).
*Organically grown/produced (min. 95% of product)
Product is Soil Association Certified.
We use recyclable packaging that was manufactured in the UK and Western Europe. It has not been air freighted to us.


How to Get Rid of Itchy Scalp with Dread Locks
Updated: Aug 14, 2021
After creating dreadlocks done, it's prime time to start paying more attention to your hair roots and scalp. A dry and itchy scalp can be due to a lack of attention to your scalp. The dreads themselves don't make your head itch but there are several reasons that people with new dreads experience itchiness.
Healthy, happy, mature dreads should not itch. If your dreads itch it is probably due to a dry scalp, build up on the scalp, washing the scalp with the wrong soap, not washing enough, or washing the scalp too many times.
In this blog, I’m going to share the best home remedies that are designed specifically to ease an itchy scalp caused by dreadlocks.
#1 – Peppermint Hydrolysis (Hydrosol) spray
It’s always preferred to use peppermint hydrolysis spray than peppermint oil. Peppermint hydrolysis spray is better than peppermint oil because it helps to reduce Itch quicker comparatively.
Peppermint has stimulant properties. Spray it on your scalp once or twice a day to reduce itch and to stimulate hair growth by revitalizing the hair follicles. It can be stored in the fridge, as cold also provide relief to the itchy scalp.
#2 - Spray with Lavender Oil
Lavender oil is extremely effective for hair and itchy scalp treatment especially to take care of newly created dreads locks.
It not only calms down the itchy scalp but also helps hair growth, increases hair follicles as well as soothes dry scalp. Lavender Oil will give your scalp and hair a healthy treat since it has antibacterial properties and kills fungus.
Its anti-bacterial property leaves your dreads protected against many forms of scalp irritants. This medicinal oil nourishes and moisturizes both scalp and dreadlocks.
#3 - Use Tea Tree Essential Oil
Tea Tree essential oil is a great way to care for your dreadlocks! Very easy to use, just add water in the spray bottle and 4-6 drops of tea tree oil and you are ready to rock your dreads with a few splashes in the roots.
You and your hair will feel new and refreshed again. Tea tree essential oil has a warm, fresh and spicy aroma. I personally use it and supply it as well.
#4 – Dreadlocks Deep Cleaning with baking soda and apple cider vinegar
To get rid of Itchy scalp with dreadlocks it’s vital to deep clean your dreads. For this, you need to wash your dreads using baking soda with shampoo. After that, it is vital to rinse with apple cider vinegar because it brings your scalp back to a normal PH.
Apple cider vinegar also kills bacteria and fungus, softens the locks, and stimulates hair growth. It makes itchy down and also nourishes the scalp.
In fact, apple cider vinegar is the best idea overall if you have caked residue and can't get rid of it otherwise. The vinegar is acidic in nature and will dissolve the build-up without hurting your dreads.
#5 – Use DIY exfoliating scrub
Exfoliating the scalp is another technique you can use to remove flakes easily and remove the itch. Your scalp is an extension of your face and should be treated with the same care. It is very important to remove build-up off of the scalp in a way that is gentle and maintains the
Put This paste on Scalp, Massage It. And then Wash it out with shampoo and use apple soda vinegar to rinse
Mix ingredients in a small bowl well before applying. Apply the paste on your scalp and Massage it very well into scalp in circular motions for several minutes. Rinse it without shampoo, also rinse with apple soda vinegar and style as usual.
#6 – Keep Scalp Dry
Try to keep the scalp as dry as possible to maintain healthy dreads. If you live in a humid area make sure to wash you scalp once a week.
If you wash your dreadlocks more than twice a week, try to reduce that frequency gradually to once per week. Washing too frequently, especially with a harsh shampoo, may strip your scalp of too many oils and lead to a dry, itchy scalp with dreadlocks.
#7 - Massage your scalp
When you do massage, it stimulates your scalp you are unknowingly removing old skin cells that keep the scalp skin healthy and prominently, a nice head massage increases blood circulation to your scalp. Healthy blood flow to your scalp means a healthy well-nourished scalp.
Most people with dreads experience Itchy Scalp at some point. So, you shouldn’t feel like you’re fighting this battle alone! I hope you’ve learned a lot from this blog, apply my best recommendations to reduce your Itchy Dreads & Dandruff issues.
Wash the dreadlocks a lot more, take time to get more maintenance, but don’t compromise with scalp health and itch. A good Journey is more important. If you have any questions or recommendations of your own, feel free to leave a comment below.


Most people living in Estonia enjoy state-provided healthcare, free of charge, and equally available to everybody. State health insurance is available for all employees, students, and unemployed people who have registered for it. This includes children, pregnant women and parents of small children. It gets even better, though: All children under 19 have free dental care, as well. Estonia provides all that is necessary to take care of your health, and to find a specialized healthcare provider to analyze and treat your health concerns.
Foreigners can have free healthcare, as well, if they are registered in the employment register, or are registered as unemployed. Your address needs to be registered in Estonia, and you must have an Estonian ID code, as well. Emergency care is free for everyone.


No. While Ovatel can help determine when you are fertile, it should never be used as birth control. No ovulation kit or BBT can do that. Sperm can live up to 5 days in the female reproductive tract. Estrogen peaks approximately 24-48 hours prior to ovulation, when ferning occurs. If you have intercourse the days prior to ferning, you can get pregnant. Ovatel does not protect you against STDs – Sexually Transmitted Diseases.


Mycophenolate Mofetil (CellCept) and Mycophenolate Sodium (Myfortic)
Mycophenolate Mofetil (CellCept) and Mycophenolate Sodium (Myfortic) are immunosuppressant drugs (drugs that reduce the strength of the body’s immune system) used in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Mycophenolate was originally used in the management of patients with organ transplants but is now recommended in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases.
Mycophenolate has been used to treat people with lupus (especially those with symptoms of kidney disease), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), vasculitis, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, inflammatory eye disease (such as uveitis [iritis] and scleritis), and some other kidney and skin disorders.
How to Take It
Mycophenolate is taken in the form of a pill. In adults, it is typically taken twice daily for a total dose of 2–3 grams (2,000–3,000 mg) per day. The dose may be reduced in people with underlying kidney problems. The dose for children is usually lower than two grams a day. Caregivers administering mycophenolate should wear gloves when handling it due to concerns about pregnancy risks and effects on the immune system.
The most common side effects of mycophenolate are nausea, upset stomach, and stomach pain. Taking mycophenolate with food often helps prevent these side effects. Other possible side effects include headaches, dizziness, difficulty sleeping, tremor, or rash. Prolonged use of mycophenolate may increase the risk of some cancers such as lymphomas and skin cancers. While taking mycophenolate, regular laboratory monitoring is required to monitor blood counts and liver function. Mycophenolate can lower the ability of your immune system to fight infections. If you develop symptoms of an infection while using this medication, you should stop it and contact your rheumatology provider.
Tell Your Rheumatology Provider
Notify your rheumatology provider if you have symptoms of an infection (such as fever or cough), diarrhea, or allergic reactions. You should also inform your rheumatology provider if you bruise or bleed easily, if you experience persistent or bloody diarrhea, or have shortness of breath. Mycophenolate usage should be stopped if there are signs of infection.
Mycophenolate has been associated with birth defects and pregnancy loss. If you are pregnant or considering pregnancy, let your rheumatology provider know before starting this medication. Women should discuss birth control with their primary care physicians or gynecologists. Breastfeeding should be avoided while taking this medication because the drug can enter breast milk.
While taking mycophenolate, be sure to talk with your rheumatology provider before receiving any vaccines or undergoing any surgeries. Live vaccines should be avoided, and you should discuss updating your vaccinations prior to starting mycophenolate.
Updated April 2023 by Nina Washington, MD, MPH, and reviewed by the American College of Rheumatology Committee on Communications and Marketing. This information is provided for general education only.
Individuals should consult a qualified health care provider for professional medical advice, diagnosis and treatment of a medical or health condition.


Hey, how's it going?
In light of certain global events, the desire to become healthy has become more prominent.
As someone with an extremely weak immune system, I have been especially sure to stay on top of my health during this time and I thought I'd share how. Though a strong immune system won’t make you immune from everything, it certainly proves to be preventative and can help speed up your recovery when you do get sick.
Here is my daily immune strengthening routine, I hope you can take a thing or two from it!
Vitamin C // This is a great immune system booster. I take a high quality Vitamin C everyday for maximum health benefits and absorption.
Probiotics // Probiotics are healthy bacteria. They are very important for your gut health and certainly aid in keeping you healthy overall. They are great to take when you're taking oil of oregano and garlic tablets in order to ensure you still have a good amount of healthy bacteria in your body. I take them at least two hours apart from garlic tablets and oil of oregano because you don't wanna go killing all that good probiotic bacteria.
Immune Support // I have an awesome little travel sized immune support + zinc spray. It is designed to quickly deliver immune-building ingredients such as zinc, colostrum, echinacea, reishi mushroom, bilberry, and blueberry.
AM Daily Essentials: My morning daily essential vitamins come in a super convenient package. It contains a morning and an evening pack.
For breakfast every morning I drink a shake. In a nut shell, the chief function of my "shake is to serve as a nutritious meal replacement. With a proper balance of protein, good fats, and low-glycemic carbohydrates, along with a full spectrum of vitamins and minerals, this shake takes all of the guesswork out of proper weight management and muscle maintenance". It is basically a multi-vitamin that tastes like a milkshake. It is very pure and has been proven to help boost the immune system.
Another great thing about this breakfast is that it's delivered right to your door step! I often drink these shakes for lunch as well.
Especially during times like this, I am sure to add a scoop of immune booster to my morning shake. Made from a combination of Wellmune® beta-glucan, reishi, poria, and maitake mushrooms, Immune Shake Booster uses scientifically backed immune-health-supporting compounds to help prime, strengthen, and balance the immune system for better overall health.*
Oil of Oregano // Oil of oregano is incredible for when you can feel yourself getting sick. It will kill a lot of that bad bacteria. When travelling, I often bring it in capsule form to make it easier to transport.
Garlic Tablets // These are good to take every day or when you feel a bug coming on. They will help strengthen your immune system and have natural anti-bacterial properties. Garlic tablets and oil of oregano should be taken a couple hours apart from your probiotics.
PM Daily Essentials: My evening daily essential vitamins come in a super convenient package. It contains a morning pack and evening pack.
There you go, my daily immune strengthening routine! Ever since I decided to take control of my own health everything changed. I have so much energy, I feel fantastic more often than not and I've never felt happier and more confident.
Thanks for taking the time to read this, have a great day and stay safe!


During the exercises your muscles Crazy Bulk breakdown and heal or repair when you rest. It is at this time when they grow and increase in size. This is why one should ensure they have enough time to sleep.
Third, what kind of people and clients do you want to serve. You may not have a clear idea right now, and that is ok, but keep this question in mind as you pursue your career and work with clients. A great tip is to follow your passions, Crazy Bulk whether it's Body Building, power lifting, a team sport, a certain group of people, or even gardening, sailing, or skiing. Connecting with people you are passionate about, (their goals, their personalities, their abilities, their demographic, their activities, etc.) is one of the keys to being very successful and making work feel like fun and not a boring job!
The sad part is most people are performing this exercise in order to make their waist smaller. In reality, a muscle won't get smaller when you work it. It will get stronger and tighter but it won't shrink. This exercise works the obliques, quadratus lumborum and spinal erectors on one side. Below are a few options that wouldn't sacrifice the knee and still accomplish the same goal. Keep Crazy Bulk in mind the obliques are designed to rotate you. They are large fan shaped muscles. Resist rotation and your obliques will work big time.
There are no bad effects normally expected for women through body-building when done properly. And of course, there are good reasons why women choose to body build. Two among the reasons are as follows.
By the time a child is a year old he will be eating three meals a day, with a mid-morning and afternoon drink. Good food habits are started in childhood and if children are not given crisps sweets Body Building and biscuits between meals they will not develop a craving for them. Sweets and chocolate should be kept as a rare treat for a child - they only provide 'empty calories' and cause obesity and tooth decay.
As with any other process it Body Building takes a little understanding and a few rules to truly get the results that most hard gainers are looking for. Take a minute to look over the next few pointers to better understand them.
The gym you select has to take safety issues very seriously. The most important thing in bodybuilding is ensuring that you are safe and away from any thing which can result to gym injuries. As such a bodybuilder Crazy Bulk should ensure the gym they select has adequate safety rules otherwise they will end up with gym injuries. Gym injuries are very detrimental to bodybuilding progress and in fact many body builders have quit bodybuilding as a result of gym injuries. Gym injures are not a joke because if they are too intense you will have no option but Crazy Bulk to quit bodybuilding.
Because it is such a popular supplement, a lot of people want a part of the market. Do not get distracted by inferior supplements, if you want reliable and complete results. Trust GenF20 or Sytropin. If you do get distracted by all of the competition out there, and do not use the best HGH brands in the right fashion, then you could very well take a chance of wasting money and valuable time on ineffective HGH products.


Lake District Pamper Packages
It’s Time to Unwind (Opening Mid November 2015)
In the Garden spa at the Manor. Our philosophy is simple; from the moment you arrive we want you to enjoy feeling totally relaxed and indulged. Whether you are spending a couple of hours, a day or a Spa break with us, you are escaping the everyday and entering a world of calm and wellbeing.
Just like you our treatment menu is unique, with most treatments being suitable for both men and women, our carefully selected product houses now include Elemis, OPI, Lava Shells and Perron Rigot.
In addition to our extensive choice of Day Spa packages and treatments, the Aqua Thermal journey, comprising of several different heat experiences and hydrotherapy pool, will take you on an unforgettable sensory journey and will be the most relaxing few hours you will possibly ever spend.
Thank you for considering our Spa, your health and wellbeing is extremely important to us and our team of therapists. We are passionate about what we do and during your time with us, we are committed to ensuring your investment in yourself is all the more worthwhile.
The successful combination of natural active ingredients with cutting edge technology has enabled Elemis to bring to the market some of the most influential anti-ageing products and professional spa-therapists the beauty industry has ever seen. Led by its award-winning efficacy trialled anti-ageing and Skincare range, Elemis’ formulations are designed to dynamically treat the skin with powerful results. The carefully crafted relationship between natural ingredients and scientific advances allows Elemis to create multi-active formulations to ensure maximum therapeutic activity.
The heart of every product is founded in Elemis’ unique spa-therapy menu. These treatments are the cornerstone of Elemis’ lifestyle concept and have been created to respect the skin and body’s complex physiology. Offering an unparalleled experience, unique massage sequences and power-boosting facials, combined with the most potent actives available, ensures that dramatic, visible results are achieved.
Transport yourself to the warm beaches of the Tropics with this revolutionary massage. Using heated Tiger Clam Shells from the
The recycled shells are handpicked according to size and structural integrity, they are smooth in texture and are heated easily staying warm for over an hour. Gliding over your skin under the expert control of your therapist you can feel the stress and strain of everyday life just melt away with each warm soothing pass.
OPI is best known for its nail lacquer, a brilliant, chip-resistant, professional formula available in over 240 fashion-forward colours. Selling more than 100 million bottles worldwide every year, OPI nail lacquer is setting the industry standard as the most successful professional brand, earning recognition across the globe and respect from magazine editors, celebrities and salon professionals.
Strong, beautiful, nails are everyone’s dream - a dream that can become reality with the complete range of OPI Nail Treatments, endorsed by salons worldwide every day. Have beautiful nails at your fingertips with OPI's award winning range of nail treatments - products that are renowned for results, time after time.
Perron Rigot is a French manufacturer of depilatory waxes used by beauty practitioners the world over. With 30 years of innovation and more than 20 patents behind them, Perron Rigot's ground-breaking formulas have revolutionised the face of hair removal for therapists and clients alike.
With an uncompromising commitment to excellence, Perron Rigot waxes and accessories represent the finest quality in depilatory care for discerning salons, spas and technicians.


Rapid HCG urine test for early detection of pregnancy
+SENSO TEST is a highly sensitive, reliable and fast hCG urine test for early detection of pregnancy. This test is based on determining the presence of hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin) in a urine specimen. Under normal conditions, hCG is synthesized only by the placenta, if fertilization (pregnancy) has occurred. High sensitivity +SENSO TEST detects pregnancy within only 7 days, after conception has occurred.
+SENSO TEST available as tape or plate.
+SENSO TEST detects hCG in concentration as low as 25 mIU / ml, while most other tests detect hCG in concentration as low as 50 mIU / ml
+SENSO TEST is:
• RELIABLE – Results accuracy is > 99.5%
• HIGH SENSITIVE – Pregnancy can be determined as early as 7 days after conception
• FAST – Results are visible in just 1 minute
• +Senso test contains a pipette and a urine sampling container
TEST IS INTENDED FOR SELF-TESTING AT HOME
• This test can be done at any time during the day, but the first morning urine gives the most reliable results.
• A urine specimen can be collected in a container that is provided in each box of +Senso test.
• Using a pipette (packed in the foil), take a urine specimen from the container, then simply apply 4 drops of urine to the marked (reaction) place on the test cassette or, if you use a test strip, immerse it in the urine container, reaching marked lines.
• Depending on the concentration of hCG in the urine, result could be visible after only 40 seconds.
• To avoid false results, wait 5 minutes.
• Be sure to read instructions for use contained in the package, before use of the test.
Look for +SENSO TEST at the nearest pharmacy.


Naturally anti-bacterial Tea Tree helps prevent and treat spots without over-drying the skin.
Natural anti-oxidants in Witch Hazel soothe skin and tighten pores.
Blemish-fighting Salicylic Acid helps prevent pore blockages (blackheads) and evens out the skin tone.
Rapid Action Spot Zapping Gel
T-Zone Rapid Action Spot Zapping Gel rapidly targets, prevents and calms spots and blemishes. This cooling and quick-drying gel combines naturally anti-bacterial Tea Tree and Witch Hazel with skin clearing Salicylic Acid to help promote great looking skin.
- Offers fast targeted action
- Helps combat the causes of spots and blackheads
- Promotes healthy looking skin


Workplace wellness is a mounting concern, especially given increased workloads and stress levels. As we prioritize our well-being, leveraging technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), can be a game-changer. Discover six AI tools designed to improve your wellbeing and work-life balance.
The rising need for workplace wellness
Employee wellbeing is high on the agenda, according to a recent Deloitte and Workplace Intelligence study. Employees are increasingly prioritizing their physical, financial, and mental health. But here's the rub: While this focus on wellness is commendable, there's a disconnect. With workweeks stretching longer and stress levels rocketing, finding the time to address wellbeing is a challenge.
AI: Your ally in achieving wellbeing
As the old saying goes, there's an app for that! Indeed, AI platforms are stepping in to bridge the gap between our wellness goals and our bustling work lives. These tools, designed to help you achieve work-life balance, can make it easier to maintain a daily focus on your health. The assistance they offer doesn't end when Mental Health Awareness Month does. These tools are here to support you year-round, allowing you a more comfortable journey towards sustained wellbeing.
Meet your AI wellness companions
Allow me to introduce you to your new wellbeing buddies. These six AI tools might just be the productivity boost and wellness guide you need. There's Reclaim.ai, which aids in scheduling and optimizing productivity; Headspace, your guide to meditation and focus music; Welltory, which uses AI to analyze stress levels; Todoist, to manage tasks effectively; Breathhh, that suggests mental health exercises at opportune moments; and finally, MealMind, an AI-powered meal-planner. Each has its unique strengths, and together, they could revolutionize the way you approach wellbeing at work.
Before you jump headfirst into the world of AI wellbeing tools, let's talk about the fine print. Some people advocate for AI chatbots as companions to process emotions. While this sounds futuristic and cool, it's crucial to approach with caution. These chatbots can potentially lead to unhealthy habits or provide biased and potentially harmful advice. As with any tool, it's essential to understand the pros and cons, and to use it wisely.
The world of AI is speeding ahead at warp factor 9, and there's more out there than we can keep pace with. But don't let that daunt you. Start small, perhaps with one or two of the tools we've discussed. As you begin to experience the benefits—less burnout, increased productivity, and renewed energy—you may find yourself wanting to explore more. After all, the future of workplace wellness is here, and it's powered by AI.


The earlier you quit smoking, the more you’re likely to benefit.
But it’s never too late – because quitting will improve your health whatever your age and no matter how long you have smoked.
Better physical health
Every time you smoke a cigarette, your body is flooded with thousands of chemicals, many of which are poisonous.
The day you stop, your body starts clearing itself of all those nasty toxins and the repair process begins.
You’ll notice some benefits within days or weeks:
- your senses of taste and smell improve
- you start to breathe more easily
- you have more energy
Other benefits will follow, including:
- better blood circulation to your heart and muscles, which will make physical activity easier
- improved lung function, leading to reductions in any cough, wheezing or other breathing problems
Reduced risks of smoking-related diseases
Your longer-term risks of cancer, lung disease, heart disease and stroke will be significantly reduced, and:
- after 1 year, risk of heart attack halves compared to a smoker’s
- after 10 years, risk of death from lung cancer falls to half that of a smoker
- after 15 years, risk of heart attack falls to the same as someone who has never smoked
You will also be less likely to develop type 2 diabetes, bone disease including osteoporosis, eye disease and dementia.
Better mental health
You may think that smoking supports your mental wellbeing, and helps you to relax, deal with stress and anxiety, and cope with life’s difficulties.
In fact, the opposite is true. Stopping smoking boosts mental health and wellbeing.
Evidence shows that after the withdrawal stage of quitting, people have reduced anxiety, depression and stress.
People who have quit also have increased positive mood compared with people who continue to smoke.
Better for your family and friends
For some people, a big reason for stopping smoking is to be there for their family and friends.
If you have stopped smoking and are physically and mentally healthy, you’re more likely to be able to support your loved ones – and be a part of their life in the future.
Also, becoming a smoke-free role model means your children are much less likely to take up smoking.


When should I keep my child home from school?
Consider keeping your child home if they:
- Have a fever of 100.1 degrees or higher
- Have been vomiting
- Have symptoms preventing them from participating in school such as:
- Excessive tiredness or lack of appetite
- Productive coughing or sneezing, inability to consistently cover cough/sneeze
- Headache, body aches, earache
- Sore throat
Keep your child home until their fever has been gone for 24 hours without the use of fever reducing medication. Colds can be contagious for at least 48 hours. Although your child's presence in school is important, returning to school too soon may slow the recovery process and expose others unnecessarily to illness.
Do I need to notify school personnel if my child will be absent?
Yes. Please report any absences using the following:
Attendance Phone Numbers:
- Bethlehem Elementary School - (203) 266-7506 x1
- Mitchell Elementary School - (203) 263-4314 x1
- Woodbury Middle School - (203) 263-4306 x1
- Nonnewaug High School - (203) 263-2186 x1
If your child's attendance pattern is affecting school performance, you may be contacted to discuss a plan to ensure maximum school attendance while addressing your child's individual health needs.
What do I do if my child needs medication during the school day?
An "Authorization for the Administration of Medicine" (doctor's order) is required for any medication that is to be given at any Region 14 school. This includes prescribed and over the counter medications, Advil, Tylenol, eye drops, cough drops, hydrocortisone creams, sunscreen, etc. The form must be signed by your medical provider (Physician, Physicians Assistant, APRN, Dentist, or Optometrist licensed to prescribe medication in accordance with state law. Please note that orders cannot be accepted from a Naturopathic Doctor). The "Authorization for the Administration of Medicine" form is available in the main office and health office or you can download and print it from the Health Forms tab above.
Can I send in medication to school with my child?
Medication cannot be sent to school with a child (for example lactaid tablets, vitamins). It must be delivered to the school nurse by an adult. Medication must be delivered in the original container/packaging. Prescription medication must have a current and complete prescription label from the packing pharmacy. An "Authorization for the Administration of Medicine" form must be completed and signed by the prescribing physician.
What do I do if my child has an injury or illness and cannot participate in Physical Education (Gym) or Recess activities?
It is expected that students will arrive at school available to learn and ready to participate fully in all activities within the school day. If your child has an injury or illness that prevents full participation, communication from your medical provider is required specifying activities that must be modified or avoided. For a child to be excused from physical education due to illness or injury a physician's order is required.
Will my child need a physical exam yearly?
A physical exam is required before the start of kindergarten, or if your child is entering school in Connecticut for the first time. The entry physical must have been done within one year prior to your child's starting school date. An annual physical is not required, but one may be requested if your child has medical issues that require school planning. If your child should receive any immunizations, please forward the update to the school nurse. The "Health Assessment Record (entry to grades K-12)" form is available in the main office and health office or you can download and print it from the Health Forms tab above.
Can you talk to my child's doctor directly about his/her health or school matters?
School nurses can contact your medical provider directly to discuss required school immunizations, questions regarding active medication orders, and questions related to your child's physical exam. Any other communication will require a parent or guardian's written permission. The "Permssion to Release Records Form" form is available in the main office and health office or you can download and print it from the Health Forms tab above.
Are Health Screenings Performed each year?
Screenings are performed according to the following schedule:
- Vision & Hearing: K, 1, 3, 4, 5
- Postural: Grades 5 & 7 for females, Grades 8 or 9 for males
A parent and/or teacher may request a re-screening at any time during the academic year. If a student has failed a screening a individual referral will be sent home.


In 2020, a beacon of hope was lit for children battling cancer with the initiation of the $6 million Children’s Health Cancer Initiative. Over the course of three years, this groundbreaking initiative has not only reached its ambitious goal but has also played a pivotal role in strengthening the Jimmy Everest Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders. The generous contributions from esteemed donors, including Keaton’s Kindness Foundation, Officials vs. Cancer, Cancer Sucks, MidFirst Bank, CMN Hospitals national partners, Drew Neville Charity Classic, Stanton L. Young Family Foundation, Friends of Jimmy Everest Center, and countless community donors across Oklahoma, have been instrumental in driving the initiative’s success.
The $6 million Children’s Health Cancer Initiative has a specific and impactful purpose – to support the research efforts of three new cancer research endowed Chairholders. These Chairs, named after inspiring figures, include the CHF Tripp Lewallen Research Chair, the CHF Bobby Murcer Research Chair, and the CHF Inasmuch Foundation Research Chair. These positions are critical for advancing groundbreaking research and ensuring a sustainable future for pediatric cancer treatment.
Beyond the financial contributions of major organizations, the success of the initiative is a testament to the power of community unity. The support from local donors across the state of Oklahoma has been invaluable, highlighting the collective commitment to improving the lives of children facing cancer.


Today we had another exploration in the practice of mindfulness. Marga Odahowski, Director of Studies at the International Residence College and faculty member at UVA, returned to Morven for Block B to lead a second mindful session with our new group of students. They learned simple breathing exercises and how to do a “full body check” to become more aware of each part of the body. The group also experienced mindful eating with the raisin exercise – slowly tasting and chewing a raisin to appreciate every aspect of a single morsel of nutritious food.
After Marga’s morning session, both classes jumped into work, powering through the day with only a few short breaks. The afternoon segment of the Farmers’ Market class featured guest speaker Stacy Miller, the Executive Director of the Farmers Market Coalition. Stacy has worked on every end of farmers’ markets and provided invaluable insight on the challenges that markets face.
The Food and Nutrition class had a very different agenda. They headed out to the Kitchen Garden to do preliminary research. Each student will study the same set of plants every other day for signs of plant deterioration from pests. The Kitchen Garden uses only organic pesticides and sparingly so – it’ll be interesting to see what the class’s research shows.