Depression Medications By M. Glaser, MD.
Depression treatment often, but not always,
includes medication. Talk therapy should always
be a part of medication treatment. In children, the
risks versus benefits of medication are not as clear
as in adults. So medication is not as often
prescribed for depressed children, but sometimes
it is needed and is helpful. Generally speaking,
most medications for depression are also first line
treatment for anxiety. The neuro-chemicals, and
nerve cells involved in depression and anxiety are
This report will describe when antidepressant
medications (abbreviated ADmeds) are required
for successful treatment of depression and list
how the ADmeds (antidepressant medications)
work and their side effects.
Antidepressant meds (ADmeds) treat depression,
anxiety, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive
disorder, chronic pain and fibromyalgia, migraine
head aches, and bed wetting.
Why bother treating depression?
Depression is a serious neurologic condition.
Depression is not healthy for the brain itself.
Depression and anxiety both lead to nerve cell
deterioration and eventual nerve cell death. This
means, the depressed or anxious brain shrinks or
atrophies as we say in the medical field. The
longer a person is depressed, or the more
episodes of depression a person has, the more the
brain shrinks. Additionally, the longer a person is
depressed, and the more episodes of depression a
person has, the harder the depression is to treat
and also there is less robust a recovery. Therefore,
a person should treat their depression sooner
rather than later, and prevent further episodes of
depression from occurring.
Reversing the depression leads to nerve cell re-
growth. That is why medication takes weeks to
work. The medication stimulates the nerve cells
to re-grow and reverse the depression. The
medication also seems to prevent nerve cell death,
thus preventing the return of depressive
What about the risk of suicide with antidepressant
There has been much in the news about suicide
being linked to ADmed treatment. This has lead to
less ADmeds being
prescribed to children. While the number of
prescriptions to children has gone down, the rate
of suicide attempts has gone up. This may or may
not be coincidence. My own clinical experience is
that as long as we guard against bipolar disorder
(manic depression), then the risk of suicide
worsening with ADmeds is very very very low. I
have yet to see this occur in all my years of
practice and training. ADmeds can worsen mania
in a bipolar patient, causing a loss of rational
thinking. Thus, one must screen for bipolar
disorder in all patients presenting with
depression. There is a much greater risk of suicide
in an untreated depressed patient than in one
treated with meds in my clinical opinion.
However, in children the benefits of medication
for depression are not clear cut and therefore
more rigid guidelines are used in deciding
whether or not to prescribe ADmeds for kids.
Who needs medication?
Any adult diagnosed with major depression can
benefit from ADmeds. Many adults and children
with depression can get well with talk therapy
alone. Here are the factors I have determined,
after review of the literature and my clinical
experience, that necessitate medication treatment.
1. More than one episode of major depression 2.
Strong family history of depression or anxiety or
panic or other serious psychiatric illness. 3.
Failure to get better after 3 months of talk therapy.
Each of these criteria indicate a need for
How long do I take antidepressant medications
ADmeds should be taken for at least one year or
longer. If multiple family members suffer from
depression, or if you have tried to stop taking
medication but symptoms of depression have
returned, than that is a sign that ADmeds will be
needed for many years, possibly life long. Some
people look at taking medications as a crutch and
are afraid that if they start taking ADmeds, then
they will become dependent on meds forever. I
look at this reasoning as similar to treatment of
high blood pressure. Some people with high
blood pressure can indeed cure their disease with
diet and exercise. Some people with depression
can cure their disease with talk therapy and life
style changes. If you can do that then fine, but if
you can't , and you let your symptoms become
chronic, then successful treatment with
medication will become less likely the longer you
wait to take medication. If you have had more
than one episode of depression, the odds are that
you will experience more episodes, and each
episode will become longer, more severe, and less
treatable. Therefore, taking ADmeds even after
symptoms have resolved is important at
preventing a recurrence. To prevent recurrence,
you may need to take ADmeds for a lifetime. Just
like someone with high blood pressure must take
medication to prevent strokes and heart disease.
People with high
blood pressure who take their meds do well,
people with major depression who take their meds
do well too.
How many medications will I need to take?
Most patients who need to see a psychiatrist to
treat their depression take more than one
medication to treat their depression. So if you
require 2 or 3 or 4 meds to treat your symptoms,
you are not alone.
What medications are used to treat depression?
The most common are the antidepressant
medications. These medications also treat anxiety
so are also called anxiolytics as well as
antidepressants. Other medications used to treat
depression are antipsychotics (abilify, zyprexa,
seroquel), lithium (used to treat bipolar disorder
also), synthetic thyroid hormone called cytomel or
levothyroxine, lamictal, testosterone, estrogen,
fish oils (omega 3,6,9), and folic acid.
Antidepressants are divided into the following
categories based on how they work.
Antidepressant meds (ADmeds) increase various
chemicals in the brain. These chemicals are called
neurotransmitters. They transmit a signal from
one neuron to the next neuron. A neuron is the
name of the cells that make up most of the brain.
Neurons are responsible for your thoughts,
feelings, and actions. The following mechanisms
of action are theories as to how the meds work, no
one really knows for sure 100%, but we have a
pretty good understanding of them. The
chemicals involved in depression are serotonin,
norepinephrine and epinephrine, and dopamine.
Other chemicals may also be involved that have
yet to be discovered. It seems, that ADmeds work
by increasing the amount of these chemicals
present in the brain in specific areas of the brain.
By increasing these chemicals, it stimulates the
nerve cells to grow. The growth of the neurons
(nerve cells) leads to decrease in depression.
Furthermore, the ADmeds seem to protect against
neuron loss or atrophy (shrinkage) of the brain.
The medications for depression take time to work.
We give the first dose 4 weeks before we assess
the need for an increase in strength. Then we
must wait 2 to 4 weeks on each dosage
adjustment if it is needed. ADmeds must be taken
every day, all year round for them to work except
for premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and seasonal
Taking medication is a serious decision not to be
taken lightly. Any medication can kill you, even
tylenol. One must weigh the pros and the cons
before starting any medication regimen. Side
effects from antidepressant meds (ADmeds) are
very very rare, but they can happen.
The most well known of ADmed categories is the
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI for
short. These meds include Prozac (fluoxetine),
Paxil (paroxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Celexa and
lexapro, and Luvox. These meds differ only
slightly from each other. Most of the differences
pertain to drug/drug interactions. So if you are on
multiple medications, one med may be better for
you than the other. Zoloft and Lexapro seem to
have the least interactions with other meds, while
Prozac and Luvox seem to have the most. SSRI
medications also work very well for obsessive
compulsive disorder but usually require higher
doses than for depression or anxiety. The
advantages of SSRI's is they are usually taken once
daily, and are very well tolerated, and have little
serious side effects. Side effects may include
small weight gain of 2-5 pounds over one year.
Some patients can experience daytime tiredness,
lack of enthusiasm (zombie effect), and difficulty
in achieving orgasm (cumming) during sex or
masturbation. Some men are prescribed Zoloft for
premature ejaculation. Prozac is the most studied
for children so it is considered first line for
pediatric depression. Prozac also stays in your
system the longest-3 to 5 days, and comes in a
weekly pill dosage form. Some drug companies
have developed long acting pills to replace the
generic form of their medications that have had
their patents expire. Generally speaking, long
acting versus short acting makes no difference as
long as you take the medication as prescribed.
Their may be slight differences in side effects but
no study, that I am aware of, convincingly proves
any benefit for the higher priced long acting
varieties. SSRI's generally are very safe for the
heart but if one has a pre-existing heart
condition, SSRIs can aggravate it. The heart
condition that is a factor in prescribing ADmeds is
called a cardiac conduction delay?. SSRI effects on
the heart are so small, that we generally do not
check the heart before prescribing these meds. A
very very very rare side effect of SSRI's is
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.
This causes a person to stop making urine. This is
a reversible side effect once the med is stopped.
The antidepressant I prefer to prescribe first is
Wellbutrin (buproprion). Wellbutrin comes in 3
forms: regular (three times a day), SR (twice a
day), and XL (once a day). All three are generic at
this time. Wellbutrin probably works by increasing
dopamine and serotonin in the brain. It helps
depression, and anxiety. Wellbutrin also helps
attention deficit disorder. So I particularly like it
for adults and children with combination of
depression and inattention problems. Wellbutrin
has the highest risk of causing a temporary
seizure. If one gets a seizure while on wellbutrin,
wellbutrin should be stopped. The seizure is not
permanent. Wellbutrin is thought to be the safest
of ADmeds as far as heart issues are concerned.
Wellbutrin also does not cause daytime tiredness,
nor weight gain, nor does it have sexual side
effects. Remeron is another antidepressant in its
own category. It works very well for depression
and insomnia, but causes severe weight gain.
The next category of antidepressants are the
combination serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake
inhibitors. This includes Cymbalta and Effexor.
Many studies show effexor to be superior for
treatment resistant depression and anxiety. All
antidepressants can increase blood pressure, but
effexor seems to do this more than the others.
The makers of cymbalta have a study that shows
that it does not increase weight nor have sexual
side effects, but that particular manufacturer has
medium credibility in my opinion for making extra
ordinary claims that do not prove to be true over
time. However, so far, the times I have prescribed
it, it has been well tolerated by my patients and
worked well. Effexor can cause a person to feel
hot and on edge more so than other
antidepressant meds. This may be due to its
slightly stronger action. Effexor can cause
tiredness, weight gain and delayed orgasm.
Another category is the tricyclic antidepressants.
This is the oldest and original category of
antidepressant meds. This category includes
about 8 different meds. They seem to work the
best but have serious side effects so are
prescribed as second line. Usually, these meds are
added to an SSRI or Wellbutrin if those meds only
partially work. The most common in this category
are Elavil (amitriptaline), imipramine,
clomiparamine, and anafranil. Anafanil is often
used for obsessive compulsive disorder.
Imipramine is often used for bedwetting in
children. These meds offer some help of attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder as well. These meds
tend to be very sedating so are taken at night and
help with sleep. They have anticholinergic side
effects. These side effects include constipation,
difficulty urinating (micturating), blurry vision, dry
eyes and mouth, and weight gain. One should not
take these meds if you have closed or narrow
angle glaucoma. This category of meds is highly
cardiotoxic. That means you must have a healthy
heart prior to taking these meds and a normal EKG
is required prior to starting these meds. An
overdose of this catagorie of meds will likely kill
you due to a heart attack. This category seems to
work the best for treatment of chronic pain,
migraine head aches, and fibromyalgia.
Trazadone is often used to treat insomnia.
The last category is the mono-amine oxidase
inhibitors (MAOI). Mono amine oxidase is an
enzyme in your body and brain that breaks down
serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. So by
inhibiting this enzyme, those chemicals are
increased in the brain. MAOI?s are the least
prescribed antidepressants because they are more
difficult to take. One must not take certain other
medications including some cold medications,
stimulants, and other antidepressants or a severe
increase in blood pressure could result, leading to
a stroke or heart attack. Some MAOIs require a
special diet that does not contain tyramine. Aged
meats and aged cheeses and chianti are
particularly high in tyramine.
Second line medication for depression include
lithium, abilify, and seroquel. They are described
in detail under bipolar disorder treatment. Thyroid
hormone supplements help depression even if you
have a normal thyroid. Thyroid hormone regulates
metabolism, body heat, and energy level in the
In conclusion, one does not have to suffer from
depression. Combination medication plus talk
therapy is very effective. One should not delay in
starting treatment. Often, more than one
medication is needed. Once the symptoms
resolve, do not stop taking the medications!
Mitchell L. Glaser, MD.


H1N1 flu cases up sharply in Venezuela
Posted on 2013-06-13 00:13:24
CARACAS: The number of H1N1 swine flu cases rose sharply in Venezuela during the last week of May, the health ministry said Wednesday, refusing to disclose whether any deaths have been linked to the outbreak.
Health Minister Isabel Iturria, explaining why deaths would not be reported, blamed "political or economic interests" for creating alarm over the outbreak.
The ministry said there were 414 new cases of H1N1 in the week from May 26 to June 1, pushing the total number of cases from 724 to 1,138.
The virus was detected for the first time in Venezuela in 2009.
The current outbreak has surpassed one in 2011 that resulted in 900 cases and eight deaths.
Venezuela has been fiercely polarized since Nicolas Maduro was declared the winner of a disputed election in April to replace his mentor, the late leftist leader Hugo Chavez. The centrist opposition has contested the results.comments powered by Disqus
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Similarities Between Sativa and Indica
While Sativa and Indica strains exhibit distinct characteristics and effects, there are some commonalities:
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Choosing the Right Strain
When deciding between Sativa and Indica, consider your desired effects and cultivation environment. Sativa is ideal for those seeking an energetic boost and have ample outdoor space, while Indica is better suited for relaxation and indoor growing.
In this article, we’ve explored the nuances of Sativa and Indica strains, shedding light on their differences and similarities. Armed with this knowledge, you can confidently select the cannabis strain that aligns with your needs and preferences. Remember that the world of cannabis is vast, and there’s a strain tailored just for you, whether it’s the invigorating Sativa or the soothing Indica.


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We are writing to request your support of an event that we are participating in again this year-Relay For Life. Relay For Life is a unique and fun way to raise money and awareness for the American Cancer Society’s mission to eliminate cancer.
Because cancer has affected everyone in one-way or another, we have decided to participate in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life of Perry County. We are asking you to support us in this effort by making a donation to the American Cancer Society.
Our team is walking in the overnight Relay For Life taking place in Pinckneyville at the Fairgrounds on Friday, July 8, 6 pm through Saturday, July 9, 6 am. Hundreds of people will be joining in this event that makes a difference in the fight against cancer. You are invited to attend. Relay For Life is an event for the entire community and a celebration of the progress being made in the fight against cancer.
A special part of the Relay For Life is the Luminaria Ceremony which will take place at dusk on Friday, July 8. Candles will be lit to honor cancer survivors and those who have lost their battle with cancer. We have enclosed a luminaria form if you would like to honor a loved one(s). Luminaria are purchased for a minimum of $10.
Our team’s goal is to raise money for cancer research, education, advocacy and patient services. By making a check payable to the American Cancer Society and sending it to us, together we can make a difference. If you have additional questions about Relay For Life, please call us at 618-357-8242 or email us at email@example.com.
Thank you in advance for your support! If you have cancer related questions, or if you would like to be a part of this exciting nationwide event, call your American Cancer Society National Cancer Information Center, day or night, at 1-800-ACS-2345.
The Deacons-the Team-Ted & Cathy Cunningham, Jim & Sharon Higgerson, Louise Schweizer, Wilma Templeton, Herb & Tirzah Chapman, Barb Collier, Tirzah Schlenticky, Cheryl Schneider, Marvin Graff, Sandy Kiehna, Dave Baranowski, Virginia Richart, Carol Heisner, Eleanor Cunningham, Julie and Donnie Wilder.
If you would like to donate just write a check to ACS and send it to us at 3811 State Route 13/127, Pinckneyville, IL 62274 or just bring it to church.


Background and Symptoms
Huntington’s disorder (HD) is an inherited condition of the brain that affects 2.71 individuals per 100,000 worldwide, varying by region and an individual’s lineage, making it a very rare disorder (Pringsheim et al., 2012). It stops parts of the brain from working normally over time due to damage to and death of neurones, making it a neurodegenerative disorder. This results in psychological symptoms such as cognitive decline (memory and learning difficulties), behavioural impairment (e.g., mood disorders), and physical symptoms of motor impairment such as chorea (uncontrollable jerky movements), dysphagia (swallowing difficulties), speaking impairment, sluggish movements, and breathing problems. These symptoms gradually worsen over an individual’s lifetime until they’re fatal, with median survival being 24 years from diagnosis and 35 years from symptom onset, and mean age at death being 58 years (Rodrigues et al., 2017).
HD, much like Alzheimer’s, is a disorder that causes dementia, which is characterised by an impaired cognitive ability to concentrate, remember, and make everyday decisions (CDC, 2019). HD and Alzheimer’s also have similar mechanisms of disease, meaning that a better understanding of HD’s pathology could potentially lead to advancements in the research of Alzheimer's and other dementia-causing disorders with similar mechanisms. Alzheimer’s affects over 850,000 people in the UK alone and is predicted to double by 2040. Unlike HD, 99% of cases are caused by aging instead of inherited genetic risk factors (Alzheimer’s Society, 2020; Alzheimer’s Society, No Date; Tanzi, 2012). Therefore, any advancements in the study of HD that lead to advancements in Alzheimer’s research will impact a significantly larger population than only those with HD.
HD is autosomal-dominant, meaning it is caused by a mutation in a non-sex chromosome gene that has a 50% chance of being passed on if one parent has the mutated gene. The mutation is in the HTT gene that codes for the protein huntingtin (Figure 1). Specifically, it occurs in the CAG repeats of the gene, which consists of a cytosine-adenine-guanine repetitive DNA sequence that codes for a polyglutamine amino acid sequence, with glutamine being the corresponding amino acid for these triplet bases. This mutation causes an expansion of these repeats, leading to the production of abnormal, misfolded huntingtin protein (Nopoulos, 2016) (Figure 2).
Figure 1. Structure of Native Huntingtin Protein Produced by X-Ray Diffraction. The protein used was produced from the genome of Homo sapiens. The three domains of the cyclic homotrimer protein are coloured green, orange, and purple respectively (Kim et al., 2009).
Figure 2. Diagram Showing the Differences in the CAG Repeat Region Between a Healthy and Disease-Causing HTT Gene. The yellow boxes show parts of the CAG repeat region and its expansion in the disease-causing HTT gene (labelled “Huntington’s Disease Gene”). Normal and misfolded / disease-causing proteins are portrayed by yellow (non-repeated) and red (repeated) circles which represent individual glutamine molecules. Arrows show how each “CAG” codes for a single glutamine molecule (NIST, 2011).
The accumulation of these mutant huntingtin (mHTT) proteins leads to a breakdown in regular motor function, cognition, and behaviour (Pagan, Torres-Yaghi and Altshuler, 2017). The mHTT proteins were found to play a key role in mitochondrial dysfunction and the impairment of the electron transport chain, which is a key component of metabolism and energy production in cells. This leads to higher oxidative stress and the release of reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, which ultimately damages cellular machinery and destroys neurones (Liu et al., 2017). It was also found that larger mHTT proteins – with significantly longer polyglutamine sequences – may undergo cleavage and produce shorter protein fragments due to structural breakdown. This leads to the aggregation of these protein fragments to form inclusion bodies in the nuclei (Figure 3), which will disrupt neural activity once reaching neurotoxic levels, eventually leading to cell death (Rubinsztein and Carmichael, 2003).
Figure 3. Diagram Showing the Misfolding and Subsequent Aggregation of Mutant Huntingtin Fragments to Form an Inclusion Body (de Pril, 2011).
The disruption of neural activity, and later cell death, leads to the expression of the hallmark symptoms of HD. Late-stage HD can require full-time nursing care because of the severity of these symptoms, which onset most commonly around the age of 40 – though they can rarely start even earlier or later (NHS, 2022).
Prevalence and Inheritance
HD’s prevalence can be higher or lower for a given population depending on the lineage of the population in question. For example, in Europe, North America, and Australia, the overall prevalence is 5.70 per 100,000, with Europe alone having ~10 per 100,000. In Asia, the overall prevalence is 0.40 per 100,000 (Pringsheim et al., 2012). Not only does this portray the rarity of HD, but it also shows how genetic disorders can have significantly different prevalence rates around the world because of a region’s population’s lineage.
Although there has been an increase in prevalence rates worldwide, for example, a 15-20% increase per decade in studies in Australia, North America, and Western Europe (Rawlins et al., 2016), this increase cannot be attributed solely to any increase in incidence. Factors such as better diagnostic screening, public willingness to get tested, and more funding play major roles in the reported increase in prevalence (Wexler et al., 2016). Another factor to note for recent prevalence and incidence rates is that HD does not receive equal attention across the world. Some countries, such as those in the UK, for example, have the funding and research power needed to produce modern diagnostic and treatment techniques. Some countries, such as those attributed to being third-world countries, may not have the same funding and research power, which means large numbers of patients are missed for diagnosis and treatment.
In terms of incidence rates, in Europe, North America, and Australia, incidence rates ranged from 0.11 to 0.8 per 100,000 per year. In Asia, incidence rates ranged from 0.046 to 0.16 per 100,000 per year. According to one study’s examination of these incidence rates, no trends towards a decrease or increase in incidence over time were observed, meaning incidence has largely remained the same but prevalence has increased (Pringsheim et al., 2012). Interestingly, another study (Roos, 2010) only examined incidence in 45- to 64-year-olds and revealed an incidence rate of 0.8 per 100,000 per year (Mercy et al., 2008). This relatively high incidence rate could be explained by the fact that symptoms often develop between the ages of 30 and 50, so any symptoms that have developed enough to be noticed and attributed to HD may be spotted in the study’s range of 45- to 64-year-olds, leading to a diagnosis and an increased incidence rate for this age range. However, this study was only conducted in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, so this incidence rate may not represent 45- to 64-year-olds in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia as accurately.
As mentioned previously, due to HD being a dominant genetic disorder, if one parent has the disorder, then their children have a 50% chance of having the mHTT gene (Walker, 2007). However, there are certain thresholds associated with the number of CAG repeats that influence the inheritance of HD - if the HTT gene contains ≤26 CAG repeats, it is considered normal, but if it contains ≥40, it is considered to be associated with HD, and the individual will likely have the disorder (Myers, 2004). Furthermore, if the gene contains over 28 CAG repeats, it may not be associated with HD but instead could pose a risk to future offspring. This is because CAG repeats over 28 become increasingly more unstable with length, leading to further expansion. This means that, while both parents may not have an HTT gene of abnormal length if one parent has an HTT gene with over 28 CAG repeats, their children may still have a chance of acquiring an mHTT gene, and by extension, HD (Walker, 2007). This increasing length through generations leads to earlier age onset due to larger quantities of neurotoxic polyglutamine being produced, increasing the disease’s severity. This is known as genetic anticipation (Dayalu and Albin, 2015).
Diagnosis and Treatment
Because HD is monogenetic – meaning it is caused by a single faulty gene – diagnosis is relatively straightforward. The diagnostic test consists of a blood test that, when analysed, allows for the quantity of CAG repeats in each HTT allele to be determined (Myers, 2004). This means the test can determine the probability of developing HD in the future because a result of ≥40 implies a 100% risk, 36-39 implies a 60-70% risk, 27-35 implies a 0% personal risk - with risk to offspring acquiring the mHTT gene - and ≤26 implies a 0% risk (de Die-Smulders et al., 2013). Individuals in the UK who wish to get the test, such as after finding out one of their parents has HD and wish to know their probability of developing HD, can visit a regional genetics clinic once they have arranged the appointment with their GP. Patients who are awaiting testing at a clinic usually have a few counselling sessions to discuss testing implications and any concerns before deciding to follow through on testing. Follow-up counselling and support are also offered once a patient receives their test results (Huntington’s Disease Association, No Date). Prenatal testing also exists to predict the foetus’s risk of developing HD, however, this can lead to an ethical dilemma around the act of testing and knowing, as well as the possibility of selective abortion (Spurdle et al., 1991). Other potential options for individuals with HD who want children include pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, which is a form of IVF where the zygote is genetically tested for HD prior to implantation, egg or sperm donations, adoption, or conceiving naturally without any testing, although this would require accepting the risk of the child inheriting HD (Huntington’s Disease Association, No Date).
When a diagnosis is given to a patient, potential treatments will be discussed. These treatments are not aimed at curing, as a cure has not yet been discovered, but are instead aimed at regulating symptoms. These consist of nutrition management to counter weight loss due to dysphagia, thickening agents for liquids to make them easier and safer to swallow, and reminders from carers to eat slowly to prevent choking (Walker, 2007). As for medications, tetrabenazine is used to treat chorea. It does this by lowering dopamine levels, which reduces nerve cell communication and ultimately chorea. Consequently, the lowered dopamine levels are reflected in an increased risk of suicidal ideations, although tetrabenazine is not the only factor behind this increased risk (FDA, 2008).
There are a wide variety of research studies taking place to combat HD. In 2020 alone, there were 200 clinical trials based on potential therapies and biomarkers (Clinicaltrials.gov, 2020). Some research studies are actively looking into reducing the levels of mHTT protein by looking for ways to increase the rate at which cells dispose of it. These studies have shown that mHTT levels can be reduced through the application of autophagy-inducing factors, both natural and artificial (Djajadikerta et al., 2020). Autophagy is the cells’ processes of recycling old and damaged cellular parts, such as mHTT and its fragments (Klionsky, 2008). Other studies have demonstrated that gene silencing is a potential route as it takes advantage of the fact that HD is monogenic. They aim to reduce the production of mHTT protein by application of ASOs – antisense oligosaccharides – which bind to mHTT mRNA and prevent its transcription, effectively reducing the protein concentrations and halting its neurodegenerative effects. (Munoz-Sanjuan and Bates, 2011). Another study investigated the potential application of stem-cell therapy for the regeneration of damaged neurons by transplanting stem cells into afflicted regions of the brain (Clelland, Barker and Watts, 2008).
A novel staging system for HD was also created in a similar way to how cancer is staged from 0 up to 4. Huntington’s Disease Integrated Staging System (HD-ISS) was made with the intention of assisting clinical trials target the earliest stages of HD, and is based on biological, functional, and clinical characteristics of HD. It is also the first staging system ever created for a genetic neurological disorder (Tabrizi et al., 2022).
A recent study discovered that autophagy is impaired in people with HD, leading to a build-up of biochemical waste in affected neurones, eventually causing cell death. Using a technique developed by the researchers, they were able to reprogram adult skin cells from someone symptomatic with HD into medium spiny neurones using specific signalling molecules. It was necessary to use adult skin cells as stem cells would only be useful for studying a cell’s early developmental state, whereas HD is most commonly symptomatic in adulthood. The HD-afflicted medium spiny neurones were observed producing chemicals that set off a cascade of events, including autophagy impairment. The researchers also identified a chemical, ‘G2’, using high throughput screening of a database of autophagy enhancers, added this to the neurones, and observed how G2 enhanced autophagy and prevented cell death (Oh et al., 2022).
A research study investigating the drug pridopidine as an HD treatment has also shown promise. The drug helps to encourage the production of a neuroprotective protein known as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which is found at reduced levels in people with HD. The protein has been described as a preventative in mHTT-induced cell death and also leads to a reduction in the HD-impairment of cellular processes. A PET imaging study was used to study the drug’s occupation of the brain receptor ‘S1R’ and showed that it occupied 90% of them. These results were used to support the testing of the drug’s appropriate dose in the trial (Huntington Study Group, 2022; Reilmann et al., 2021).
In conclusion, Huntington’s disorder is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene leading to defective huntingtin protein that produces neurotoxic fragments of polyglutamine. This neurotoxicity leads to the expression of nerve-related psychological and physical symptoms due to neural damage in the brain. It is a relatively rare disorder with 10 in 100,000 Europeans being afflicted, despite being autosomal-dominant. It is diagnosed through a blood test that determines CAG repeat quantities in alleles to determine susceptibility. It is treated through a mix of therapies, dietary and habit changes, and medication. Current research aims to combat this disorder through gene silencing, neural regeneration, and autophagic-induction. Research within the last year has led to the creation of a novel staging system to help with trialling more effective treatments, the discovery of Huntington’s disorder impairing autophagy processes, and the clinical trialling of a new and promising drug.
Alzheimer’s Society. (2020). ‘Alzheimer’s Society’s view on demography’. Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-us/policy-and-influencing/what-we-think/demography#:~:text=Research%20conducted%20shows%20that%2C%20in,the%20current%20rate%20of%20prevalence (Accessed 04 June 2023).
Alzheimer’s Society. (No Date). ‘Is dementia hereditary?’ Available at: https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/risk-factors-and-prevention/is-dementia-hereditary (Accessed 04 June 2023).
Balogun, B., Sutherland, N. and Powell, T. (2022). ‘Huntington’s disease’. Number CDP 2022/0191. Available at: https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CDP-2022-0191/CDP-2022-0191.pdf (Accessed 26 May 2023).
CDC. (2019). ‘About Dementia’. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias . Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/aging/dementia/index.html#:~:text=Dementia%20is%20not%20a%20specific,a%20part%20of%20normal%20aging (Accessed 04 June 2023).
Clelland, C.D., Barker, R.A. and Watts, C. (2008). ‘Cell therapy in Huntington disease’. Neurosurgical Focus , 24(3-4), p.E9.
Clinicaltrials.gov. (2020). ‘Search of: Huntington Disease - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov’. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Huntington+Disease&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist= (Accessed 10 February 2022).
Dayalu, P. and Albin, R.L. (2015). ‘Huntington Disease’. Neurologic Clinics , 33(1), pp.101–114.
de Die-Smulders, C.E.M., de Wert, G.M.W.R., Liebaers, I., Tibben, A. and Evers-Kiebooms, G. (2013). ‘Reproductive options for prospective parents in families with Huntington’s disease: clinical, psychological and ethical reflections’. Human Reproduction Update , 19(3), pp.304–315.
Djajadikerta, A., Keshri, S., Pavel, M., Prestil, R., Ryan, L. and Rubinsztein, D.C. (2020). ‘Autophagy Induction as a Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases’. Journal of Molecular Biology , 432(8), pp.2799–2821.
FDA (2008). ‘FDA Approves First Drug for Treatment of Chorea in Huntington’s Disease’. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20080821020643/https:/www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2008/NEW01874.html (Accessed 10 February 2022).
Frank, S. (2013). ‘Treatment of Huntington’s Disease’. Neurotherapeutics , 11(1), pp.153–160.
Huntington Study Group (2022). ‘PRidopidine Outcome On Function in Huntington Disease (PROOF-HD)’. Available at: https://huntingtonstudygroup.org/proof-hd/ (Accessed 05 June 2023).
Huntington’s Disease Association. (No Date). ‘Genetic testing’. Available at: https://www.hda.org.uk/information-and-support/getting-help/genetic-testing/ (Accessed 05 June 2023).
Huntington’s Disease Association. (No Date). ‘Starting a family’. Available at: https://www.hda.org.uk/information-and-support/getting-help/starting-a-family/ (Accessed 05 June 2023).
Kim, M.W., Chelliah, Y., Kim, S.W., Otwinowski, Z. and Bezprozvanny, I. (2009). ‘Secondary Structure of Huntingtin Amino-Terminal Region’. Structure , 17(9), pp.1205–1212.
Klionsky, D.J. (2008). ‘Autophagy revisited: A conversation with Christian de Duve’. Autophagy , vol 4, pp.740-743.
Liu, Z., Zhou, T., Ziegler, A.C., Dimitrion, P. and Zuo, L. (2017). ‘Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications’. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity , pp.1–11.
Mercy, L., Hodges, J.R., Dawson, K.S., Barker, R.A. and Brayne, C. (2008). ‘Incidence of early-onset dementias in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom’. Neurology , 71(19), pp.1496–1499.
Munoz-Sanjuan, I. and Bates, G.P. (2011). ‘The importance of integrating basic and clinical research toward the development of new therapies for Huntington disease’. Journal of Clinical Investigation , 121(2), pp.476–483.
Myers, R.H. (2004). ‘Huntington’s disease genetics’. NeuroRX , 1(2), pp.255–262.
NHS (2022). ‘Symptoms - Huntington’s disease’. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/huntingtons-disease/ (Accessed 10 February 2022).
NIHR (2022). ‘NIHR Annual Report 2020/2021’. Available at: https://www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/about-us/our-contribution-to-research/research-performance/Final-NIHR-Annual-report%2020_21.pdf (Accessed 26 May 2023).
NIST. (2011). ‘New NIST SRM Helps Improve Diagnosis of Huntington’s Disease’. Available at: https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2011/04/new-nist-srm-helps-improve-diagnosis-huntingtons-disease (Accessed 27 May 2023).
Nopoulos, P. (2016). ‘Huntington disease: a single-gene degenerative disorder of the striatum’. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , 18(1), pp.91–98.
Oh, Y.M., Lee, S.W., Kim, W.K., Chen, S., Church, V.A., Cates, K., Li, T., Zhang, B., Dolle, R.E., Dahiya, S., Pak, S.C., Silverman, G.A., Perlmutter, D.H. and Yoo, A.S. (2022). ‘Age-related Huntington’s disease progression modeled in directly reprogrammed patient-derived striatal neurons highlights impaired autophagy’. nature neuroscience , 25(11), pp.1420–1433.
Pagan, F., Torres-Yaghi, Y. and Altshuler, M. (2017). ‘The diagnosis and natural history of Huntington disease’. Handbook of clinical neurology , pp.63–67.
Pril, R. (2011). ‘The ubiquitin proteasome system in Huntington disease: impairment of the proteolytic machinery aggravates huntingtin aggregation and toxicity’. Protection.
Pringsheim, T., Wiltshire, K., Day, L., Dykeman, J., Steeves, T. and Jette, N. (2012). ‘The incidence and prevalence of Huntington’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis’. Mov Disord , 27(9), pp.1083–1091.
Rawlins, M.D., Wexler, N.S., Wexler, A.R., Tabrizi, S.J., Douglas, I., Evans, S.J.W. and Smeeth, L. (2016). ‘The Prevalence of Huntington’s Disease’. Neuroepidemiology , 46(2), pp.144–153.
Reilmann, R., Rosser, A., Kostyk, S., Geva, M., McGarry, A., Cohen, Y., Gershoni-Emek, N., Mehra, M., Olanow, C.W., Kieburtz, K., Hayden, M.R. and Feigin, A. (2021). ‘F41 The proof-hd phase 3 study: pridopidine’s outcome on function in huntington disease (PROOF)’. Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry , 92(1).
Rodrigues, F.B., Abreu, D., Damásio, J., Gonçalves, N., Correia-Guedes, L., Coelho, M., Ferreira, J.J. and REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network (2017). ‘Survival, Mortality, Causes and Places of Death in a European Huntington’s Disease Prospective Cohort’. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice , 4(5), pp.737–742.
Roos, R.A.C. (2010). ‘Huntington’s disease: a clinical review’. Orphanet J Rare Dis , 5(1), pp.40.
Rubinsztein, D.C. and Carmichael, J. (2003). ‘Huntington’s disease: molecular basis of neurodegeneration’. Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , 5(20), pp.1–21.
Spurdle, A., Kromberg, J., Rosendorff, J. and Jenkins, T. (1991). ‘Prenatal diagnosis for huntington’s disease: A molecular and psychological study’. Prenat Diagn , 11(3), pp.177–185.
Tabrizi, S.J., Schobel, S., Gantman, E.C., Mansbach, A., Borowsky, B., Konstantinova, P., Mestre, T.A., Panagoulias, J., Ross, C.A., Zauderer, M., Mullin, A.P., Romero, K., Sivakumaran, S., Turner, E.C., Long, J.D., Sampaio, C. and the Huntington's Disease Regulatory Science Consortium (2022). ‘A biological classification of Huntington’s disease: the Integrated Staging System’. Neurology , 21(7), pp.632–644.
Tanzi, R.E. (2012). ‘The Genetics of Alzheimer Disease’. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine , 2(10), pp.a006296–a006296.
Walker, F.O. (2007). ‘Huntington’s disease’. The Lancet , 369(9557), pp.218–228.
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© Luke David Wheeler. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY).


Back to Cystic fibrosis. There’s no cure for cystic fibrosis, but a range of treatments can help control the symptoms, prevent or reduce complications, and make the condition easier to live with. Regular appointments to monitor the condition are needed and a care plan will be set up based on the person’s needs. People with cystic fibrosis are treated by a team of healthcare professionals. Sometimes the condition will require treatment in hospital. People with cystic fibrosis may need to take different medicines to treat and prevent lung problems.
Anytime an illness is fictionally represented in the media, there are bigger conversations that need to be had. So, it was not surprising that the release of “Five Feet Apart,” a love story centering on two young people living with cystic fibrosis, caused a quite a stir. Cystic fibrosis is an illness that is not often portrayed in television or film. This genetic disease causes thicker than normal mucus to form in the lungs, pancreas and other organs.
People with cystic fibrosis have mucus that is thick and sticky, so it can block airways, making it hard to breathe and increasing the possibility of serious infection.
Informational. An Introduction to Cystic Fibrosis: For Patients & Families dating apply to people with CF as apply to people without CF. Nobody should be.
Cystic fibrosis CF is one of the most common and serious genetic diseases in America. CF affects the respiratory lungs , pancreatic, and gastrointestinal GI systems. It can also affect the sinuses, liver, spleen, and reproduction. It is a chronic disease that currently has no cure. In the ‘s, CF was a fatal disease of early childhood. Today, thanks to advances in medical care, children can expect a much longer lifespan.
Dating can feel like a wasteland of hookups, insincerity, miscommunication, and ghosting. Instead, I was going to be genuine to myself. This would require a lot of self-growth in realizing and acting on what I valued most. I ended up continuing to go on dates, but I no longer put up with the BS. I was myself, unwavering and candid, and CF is a crucial part in my genuine self.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common and serious genetic diseases in America. Lung transplants may extend the life of a CF patient, but they are not a cure for CF. Arrange a play date for the sibling, who may be feeling left out.
I think many of us with cystic fibrosis CF have built up emotional walls around ourselves. These walls are built from the stones of fear and uncertainty, about being different, being unattractive, being unwanted. These walls make it difficult and usually impossible for those wanting to get close to us to break down. But everyone, every single person, has their own battles they face. Though the battles of someone with CF are great, it is our perspective that determines the effects they can have on our relationships with others — in this context, on our relationships with potential partners.
Perspective, the viewpoint from which we approach a situation, can either be in a positive or negative light. Possibilities to have a wonderful time. Possibilities to build a connection with someone. I believe once we accept ourselves for the way our bodies are and have been created, we convey authenticity about ourselves.
I actually had no idea what CF was, so straight to the Google machine I went! Armed with a wealth of definitions and abbreviations, I was absolutely none the wiser. Sasha and I had already spoken a few times and were getting on really well. I was looking forward to our date, so I stopped trying to figure out the condition and just went with it.
During the night later, the conversation seemed to naturally steer towards CF.
Because people with cystic fibrosis can all have different kinds of bacteria in their bodies, not staying six feet apart may put other people with.
For people with cystic fibrosis CF , cross-infection poses serious health risks – people with CF grow bugs in their lungs which are usually harmless to people who don’t have the condition, but can be easily transmitted from one person with CF to another and be very harmful. Find out more. Meetings and conferences are places where cross-infection could occur, so even at cystic fibrosis-related events, or events organised by the Cystic Fibrosis Trust, there should only be one person with CF in attendance at a time.
We offer internet forums and platforms to enable people with CF to interact safely, and we live stream events wherever possible. Did you know that we live stream our yearly UK Cystic Fibrosis Conference for people who can’t attend in person?
The thick, sticky mucus that builds up in our lungs functions like silly puddy. As a result, people with CF harbor dangerous bacteria in their lungs and these bacteria are contagious only to other people with CF or compromised immune systems. The good news is CF is not at all contagious or dangerous to healthy people. The bad news is the cross infection risks mean people with CF are advised not to be within 6 feet of one another. For me, this is one of the hardest things about CF.
CF and Tay Sachs are tied as the most fatal Jewish genetic diseases.
Living my life with cystic fibrosis, and then sharing that life publicly through social media, has brought many questions into my inbox over the.
Another great Saturday with the girlfriend! This time at the Greek Festival! What may not have seemed like huge moments for me, have turned out to be pretty important steps for her. My illness not something I ever like to hide, and I always include my very supportive friends in my care. It makes things a lot easier for me when they should be getting tougher.
So with that being said, here is a list of some of the good, bad and ugly firsts that people have to go through when it comes to dating someone with CF. Treatments are an essential every day part of my life. It probably seems like a crazy experience to the casual onlooker who has never seen it. Let me have my dark humor! Chemistry in a box! Some of our CF meds, whether inhaled or IV, have to be reconstituted by the patient. It involves alcohol swabs, syringes, needles and steady hands.
I consider this to be one of my hidden skills… you know, basic nursing, pharmacist, whatever. The digestive issues that come along with CF are no laughing matter.
Background: Cystic fibrosis CF is the most common inherited disease in Caucasians, affecting around 10, individuals in the UK today. Prognosis has improved considerably over recent decades with ongoing improvements in treatment and care. Providing up-to-date survival predictions is important for patients, clinicians and health services planning.
Methods: Flexible parametric survival modelling of UK CF Registry data from to , capturing deaths in 10, individuals. Survival curves were estimated from birth; conditional on reaching older ages; and projected under different assumptions concerning future mortality trends, using baseline characteristics of sex, CFTR genotype zero, one, two copies of Fdel and age at diagnosis.
Findings: Male sex was associated with better survival, as was older age at diagnosis, but only in Fdel non-homozygotes.
People with cystic fibrosis can get sick from germs that don’t usually sure that you’re up-to-date on all of your recommended vaccinations.
Current treatments for cystic fibrosis are not suitable for all patients and have a limited effect on this life-threatening disease. But new advances in the field promise to overcome these hurdles. The cause of cystic fibrosis is very straightforward. Its treatment, however, is not. People diagnosed with cystic fibrosis have a mutation in a gene called CFTR. This gene encodes a protein that is responsible for transporting chloride to the surface of cells.
Without chloride to attract water, the mucus that surrounds the cells in many organs becomes thick and sticky. The main organ affected is the lungs, where the mucus clogs airways and makes them prone to infection and inflammation. The function of the pancreas, liver and bowel is also affected — a single mutation ends up damaging the whole body.
Cystic fibrosis CF is a genetic disease passed down from parents to a child that can affect many different organs in the body. More than 30, people are living with CF in the United States. Cystic fibrosis affects a chloride channel in the body. People with CF make mucus that is extra thick and sticky. It also causes problems with digestion processing food that is eaten.
CF is a genetic disease.
Two infections that are particularly threatening for cystic fibrosis patients can be resistant to antibiotics— Pseudomonas aeruginosa and.
A dedicated, knowledgeable CF Foundation Compass case manager is ready to work with you one-on-one. Sign up for our emails. Skip to Main Content Skip to Footer. CFF Homepage. About Us News Blog Chapters. Germs and CF Medical patients show that feet with CF are at particular risk of spreading certain germs than others with the disease. Lowering the Risk of Cross Infection. Follow Us On.
Cystic Fibrosis CF is a multisystem disease of abnormal chloride transport leading to viscous secretions that arrest organ function. Early therapy, including mucociliary clearance can arrest disease progression. We present a case of CF diagnosed in a year-old female in whom the disease rapidly progresses leading to double lung transplantation.
A year-old female with history of chronic sinusitis, “bronchiectasis”, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy presented to our clinic for evaluation of Cystic Fibrosis. She has had a long history of recurrent pulmonary infections, chronic cough, and hemoptysis, requiring multiple admissions for IV antibiotics.
For up-to-date information and guidelines, please visit the CDC Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease (passed down from parents to a child) that can they should not meet or talk with other patients with CF in-person.
Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. This study will examine the experience of disclosing a cystic fibrosis CF diagnosis to a dating partner. CF has implications for potential life partners issues of fertility, decreased life span and an increasing need for medical management with age that may make disclosure particularly sensitive. An understanding of the disclosure process may provide insight into ways health care practitioners can support their patients during this process.
People between 21 and 35 years of age with CF who have been in at least one dating relationship may be eligible for this study. Participants are interviewed by telephone about their experiences living with cystic fibrosis and telling dating partners about their diagnosis. The interview includes questions about:.
From ages 17 to 24, I was with a wonderful person. It was us against the destructive titan, cystic fibrosis. We fought side by side, not against each other. Our relationship seemed untouchable, except by the trial of me getting better, healthier. The dependency was suddenly unnecessary, and so our roles in the relationship shifted. Ironically, we agree that breaking up was the best thing that could have happened to our relationship.
The North American Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry has reported is known to date about pregnancy in CF and offered suggestions for optimising.
CF Community Blog. Relationships can be tough no matter what. But I have found that when you have cystic fibrosis, relationships require these three elements. By Chelsea Spruance. Living my life with cystic fibrosis, and then sharing that life publicly through social media, has brought many questions into my inbox over the years.
But there is one question that always stands out: How has my relationship withstood the tests of CF? Nick, my partner of three years, and I have been through plenty of tests, CF being only one of them. From meeting in Thailand , to long-distance dating over three time zones, to moving — and we can’t forget all the things that come with normal relationships mixed in — it’s safe to say it has been an adventure.
When people ask how we make it work, many expect a response including some Harry Potter love potion, fairy godmother, or possibly a genie in a bottle. I hate to contradict the theory of magic, but it involves none of those things. I believe there are three nonmagical elements that make our relationship work:.


We are providing ACCESS in any emergency:
ADvanced & Critical Care
Emergency Services Specialists
The ACCESS network delivers advanced pre-hospital care to the most seriously injured or ill patients.
We perform state-of-the-art and potentially life-saving procedures to enhance emergency medical care outside the hospital. By providing intervention as quickly as possible after an incident, we aim to give patients the best chance of survival, and best quality of life.
The most common incidents we attend include patients in cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, road traffic collisions, penetrating trauma, falls from height and other life-threatening conditions.
Our equipment is designed to bring advanced pre-hospital care straight to the roadside.
Vital signs monitoring (ECG, SpO², etCO², blood pressure, temperature)
Lab parameters (blood glucose levels, Troponin-I)
General and difficult airway management
Pediatric respiratory support equipment
Advanced cardiac therapy (cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing)
Emergency and advanced pharmaceutical intervention
Our response teams are crewed by proficient clinicians to deliver excellent pre-hospital care in an emergency and continuous intensive care therapy for inter-facilty transfers.
Our critical care teams are highly skilled and hold years of experience when time is of the essence.
Advanced medical procedures are being carried out following standardized checklists to ensure a maximum of quality and safety at all times.
In case of a medical emergency, please always call your local EMS/ambulance dispatch center immediately.
A critical care team can be activated according to emergency protocols when appropriate.
Europe: ✆ 112
USA and Canada: ✆ 911
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Taiwan, South Corea and Japan: ✆ 119
China: ✆ 120
For general enquiries, feel free to get in touch with us via e-mail:
ACCESS critical care teams are currently in operation in Europe and Asia.


Kristen is a licensed acupuncturist and herbalist in the state of North Carolina and she is certified in Oriental Medicine by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). She completed her Master’s in Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine at Daoist Traditions College of Chinese Medical Arts where she had extensive training in both Classical and Traditional Chinese Medicine. She has treated a wide variety of health complaints and has a special interest in chronic pain syndromes and autoimmune disorders.
Kristen has traveled extensively and was living in South Korea in the early 1990’s when she had her first acupuncture treatment and fell in love with Chinese Medicine. Since then, she has pursued careers and volunteer opportunities in which she can be of service to others. She worked as an Immigration Specialist for a local non-profit agency, volunteered as a Spanish-speaking doula for the Buncombe County Health Department, taught English as a second language in the U.S. and abroad, and served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Eritrea, Africa.
In her free time, Kristen enjoys spending time with her teenage son, taking long walks, and giving community presentations on the numerous health benefits of acupuncture and Chinese herbs.


The Level 2 course is aimed at those wishing to obtain a first level qualification in care. Care Training Consortium will provide all assessment and internal verification. Please contact the course provider for further details of course content. Course Summary - The qualification consists of six units, four mandatory and two optional, chosen to be most suitable to each participant's work environment. Mandatory Units H5NA 04 Support effective communication H5NB 04 Support the health and safety of yourself and individuals H5L5 04 Develop your own knowledge and practice H5NC 04 Support the safeguarding of individuals This award will take between 6-9 months to complete and is a work based qualification
Aimed at people already working in the care industry.
Work based training
29th Jan 2021 to 29th Jan 2022
Cost: £800.00 (ex. VAT)
The Care Training Consoirtum
First Floor Office, Franklin Steel Building
Dumfries Enterprise Park


This is a recipe I have adapted and share regularly with clients. It Is low in glycaemic index with the source of sugars from fruits and agave nectar.It can be an ideal snack for you to carry, and has a content of protein and fibre in addition to the superfood ,spirulina.You can use them as a pre-workout snack or if you have a sweet tooth at 4pm. Flaxseeds from the family of lignans, have wonderful properties, supporting a healthy digestive tract and providing support to the endocrine system. They are not only high in ALA, a form of omega 3 fatty acids giving them anti-inflammatory properties but are also high in anti-oxidants, thus help to protect against health conditions(such high cholesterol levels, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer)
1 cup of rolled oats
4 tablespoons of chopped medjool dates
1/4 cup of flaxseeds
1 teaspoon of spirulina powder (Organic burst)
1/2 cup of almond butter (Meridian)
2 teaspoons of melted coconut oil (allowed to cool down before adding to the mixture)
1 tablespoon of agave nectar
Combine the dates, almond butter, agave nectar and coconut oil in a food processor and pulse until the dates are fully chopped and everything is combined.
In a bowl, mix together oats, flax seeds, spirulina. Then add your date mixture and stir well until fully combined.
Roll into balls.Place the balls in an airtight container and store in the fridge or freezer.


We give your eyes the care and protection they need.
Our eyes are our most important sensory organ and give us unique moments every day. That’s why the health of your eyes is particularly important to us. We demand a lot of our sensitive organs of sight every day: Eighty percent of adults experience eye stress. Daily stresses such as working at a computer, air conditioning or dry heated air can promote the occurrence of severe symptoms of dry eye and even damage our sight in the long term. It is therefore important to protect ourselves from the consequences of insufficient lubrication on the surface of the eye even when we’re young. The HYLO® family of eye drops ensures intensive lubrication and can help protect our eyes from the symptoms of dry eye longer. Give your eyes the care and protection they need – show us the twinkle in your eye!
There are many reasons for eye stress.
Sources of eye stress are as diverse and individual as our modern lifestyles. Whether it’s working at a computer, wearing contact lenses, working in air conditioned offices or frequent travelling: we regularly strain our eyes, often without noticing it is happening. We only notice the daily strain on our eyes when we get burning, red or tired eyes – symptoms typical of the common condition “dry eye”.
The “digital eye disease”
Spending a lot of time looking at screens often causes the eyes to dry out. People blink significantly less when working at a computer or looking at their smart phones than they do when doing other activities. This leads to a decreased distribution of the tear film across the surface of the eye. A study by the American organisation “The Vision Council”(1) in October 2014 showed the impact that working on a laptop, tablet or smart phone actually has on the eyes. As part of the study, nearly 10,000 Americans were asked about their digital media consumption. Findings: “Digital eye disease”, which causes symptoms such as dry, red and painful eyes, affects the younger generation in particular. Eighty-four percent of millennials (those born between 1981 and 1996) have a smartphone, and 68 percent suffer from digital eye disease. A total of 37.4 percent of these “digital natives” use at least one digital device for more than nine hours a day, and they often even use several at the same time. Patients also include children, because they spend an average of three hours a day on a computer, mobile phone or tablet(1).
The products in the HYLO® family are Germany’s market leaders for combatting dry eye.(2) This product family contains a diverse range of eye lubricants and therefore offers the right product for day and night, from drops that revive tired eyes to those that hydrate to those that provide treatment, no matter how extensive the problem.
The advantages of the lubricating eye drops by HYLO® include:
- High viscosity thanks to long-chain hyaluronic acid
- Free from preservatives and phosphates
- Germ-free and easy to dispense thanks to the patented COMOD® system
- Compatible with hard and soft contact lenses
- Very economical with at least 300 drops
The HYLO® product family offers effective lubrication, excellent tolerability and practical handling – in other words, carefully coordinated eye lubrication products. Give your eyes the care and protection they need.
(1) The Vision Council (2015): 2015 Digital Eye Strain Report
(2) IH-Galaxy; APO-Channel-Monitor DMIQ; S01K1: MAT 2020.12 total sales (retail)


Urban air pollution has been linked to various human health considerations, including cardiopulmonary diseases. Communities who suffer from poor air quality often rely on experts to identify pollution sources due to the lack of accessible tools. Taking this into account, we developed Smell Pittsburgh, a system that enables community members to report odors and track where these odors are frequently concentrated. All smell report data are publicly accessible online. These reports are also sent to the local health department and visualized on a map along with air quality data from monitoring stations. This visualization provides a comprehensive overview of the local pollution landscape. Additionally, with these reports and air quality data, we developed a model to predict upcoming smell events and send push notifications to inform communities. Our evaluation of this system demonstrates that engaging residents in documenting their experiences with pollution odors can help identify local air pollution patterns, and can empower communities to advocate for better air quality.
For more information, please visit http://smellpgh.org/


What is a neurodevelopmental evaluation?
A neurodevelopmental evaluation gives information about how a child is learning, growing, and developing over time. The goal of the evaluation is to assess all aspects of your child’s development including language, cognition, motor and social skills. During the evaluation, tests to assess these developmental skills are performed, as well as both neurological and physical examinations. Other testing such as brain imaging, genetic tests and other laboratory tests are frequently recommended to understand if there is a specific cause for the developmental differences. All of these results will help your doctor understand your child’s developmental profile and make personalized and specific recommendations for treatment, therapy and education.


Forget milk – TEA could be the secret to strong bones: Three cups a day lowers the risk of fractures by 30%
• The effect so big that tea may become a major part of fracture-prevention diet• It’s thought that plant chemicals called flavonoids strengthen the bones • This is by speeding building of new bone cells while slowing down the erosion of existing ones
The International Osteoporosis Foundation estimates more than 200 million people worldwide have the disease. In the US and Europe, almost 30 percent of postmenopausal women have osteoporosis. And at least 40 percent of these women and up to 30 percent of men will suffer a fracture in their lifetime as a result. Researchers from Flinders University, South Australia, tracked the health of almost 1,200 elderly women for ten years.
The volunteers, who had an average age of 80 at the start of the study, were regularly quizzed about their diet, with a particular emphasis on how much tea they drank. During the decade, the women suffered 288 breaks, including 129 hip fractures. However, those who drank at least three cups of tea a day were almost a third less likely to break a bone over the decade than those who rarely or never consumed the stuff. Importantly, the result stood when other factors linked to weakened bones, such as smoking and not exercising, were factored in. It is thought that plant chemicals called flavonoids strengthen the bones by speeding the building of new bone cells while slowing down the erosion of existing ones.
+2This is likely to be particularly important in old age, where the bone tends to wear down quicker than it can be replaced. Found in fruit and vegetables, flavonoids are also good for cardiac health and it is known that a healthy heart is good for the bones. Coffee also contains flavonoids, however, tea was by far the biggest source of the compounds in the women studied, the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition reports.Dr. Tim Bond, of the industry-funded Tea Advisory Panel, said: ‘This is good news for older tea drinkers in particular.‘Older women are at increased risk of fracture which often leads to hospitalization and nursing home stays at substantial cost.‘Consumption of three or more cups of tea each day is a pleasant activity and according to the findings from this study helps to maintain the bone health among older women.’Sarah Leyland, of the National Osteoporosis Society, said other research had suggested drinking tea might help to prevent fractures.She added: ‘It isn’t clear whether this is because tea contains flavonoids, plant-based compounds, or fluoride or something else.‘However in general, it’s a well-balanced diet with adequate calcium, protein and plenty of fruit and vegetables that will provide the nutrients your bones need.’
By FIONA MACRAE SCIENCE EDITOR FOR THE DAILY MAIL


Hi, I’m Jonnique Adjmul, Licensed Mental Health Counselor (FL), Licensed Professional Counselor (VA), and the founder of Humble Reflections Counseling, LLC. I believe that every individual has the potential for positive outcomes to occur more frequently in their lives, and that’s what I work toward every day at Humble Reflections Counseling in Tampa, FL. At times, people can get bogged down by what I like to call “daily clutter,” and it can be helpful to have the help of an objective person who listens and helps you make sense of it all. On the other side of it, you feel renewed and ready to take life head-on. Don’t delay your happiness any longer; take the leap and get counseling now!
We work with adults who are experiencing extreme sadness and anxiety to help them find relief, and healthier ways to manage their symptoms. We see clients struggle with complicated grief and traumatic stress, and we help them to work through these experiences and find their way out of the darkness. Couples come to us to gain healthy communication, conflict resolution, and to bring the love back into the relationship. If you are finding it hard to adjust to life transitions and situational stressors, you can learn skills to improve your ability to adapt and cope in a healthy way. You can expect a mindful approach in our sessions, and that may include techniques from acceptance and commitment therapy, choice theory, solution-focused brief therapy, and hypnotherapy.
I am a former shark who graduated from Nova Southeastern University with a Master of Science degree in Mental Health Counseling, is currently licensed with the states of Florida & Virginia, is certified with the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), and is certified in hypnotherapy.
We offer convenient online video counseling sessions so you can stress less, and focus more on the life you want to create. Our sessions can be conducted individually, as a couple, or as a group. Online Video Counseling sessions are private, secure, and conveniently available to clients living in the states of Florida & Virginia, USA; as well as other countries including: Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, Israel, France, Ireland, Greece, Sweden, & Costa Rica.
We are committed to creating a warm, peaceful, and comfortable environment for you to safely explore the parts of yourself that you want to grow and nurture, while discarding behaviors and beliefs that cause distress in your life. Our motto is to “Reflect a life you admire.” Let’s discuss your troubles and explore effective solutions towards a positive change. Connect with me today!
Click here to schedule an appointment so we can learn more about each other, and see how we can help you on your journey to creating a life you admire.


SterloMax x Fresh Filter 6 Layer Anti-Pollution Reusable Outdoor Mesh Masks. Pack of 12
Making the new normal more comfortable, bringing you these SterloMax fresh filter masks for utmost comfort and support during these pandemic times. Featuring a unique six-layered filter system, the masks protect from everything harmful without affecting the ability to breathe. These reusable and lightweight masks provide proper coverage and fabrics allows comfortable breathing. With Anti-pollution and Anti-Dust protection, these masks provide minimal eyewear fogging. Made from breathable mesh fabric, these masks can be washed and reused up to 30 times. How to Use: Wash hands properly before using. Wash after everyday use. Store in a dry place away from sunlight. Do not share mask. Change mask in case of breathing difficulties. Discard after maximum 30 washes.
- 6 layer filteration system. Set of 12 comes in colours: 4 Black, 4 Light Blue & 4 light Grey masks
- Anti-pollution, anti-dust 6 layer melt fabric protection
- Wide coverage to protect more area of face. Universal uni-sex fit. Adjustable head-band
- Minimal eye wear fogging. Reusable, lightweight, extra comfort and splash resistant
- Washable and reusable, for upto 30 times


Advice | Foam Rolling
Have you ever asked yourself what Foam rolling is all about?
Why people would choose to do something that just looks painful?
Read on and you’ll be ordering yours before the day’s out.
The foam roller is just one tool that you can use to aid “self-massage” and it’s not just for super fit athletes. Massage is beneficial to everyone.
Lifestyle, diet, stress, repetitive actions, over-training and day to day life habits, such as sitting at a desk, driving, lifting children, cleaning, they can all contribute to poor posture, muscular imbalance and often over time repetitive injury.
So basically, unless you have been able to avoid work and live the perfect life in perfect balance, an introduction to the foam roller could be just the bit of TLC your body needs.
In a nutshell using a foam roller regularly will assist with preventing injury in the long term by helping you warm up your muscles and mobilise your joints.
A greater “range of movement” (ROM) for key joints such as hips, shoulders, knees and ankles means that you can move more freely more efficiently.
There are many benefits to using a foam roller…. Self-massage promotes increased blood flow, carrying important nutrients to our working muscles such as oxygen and glycogen, and flushing out build-up of lactic acid, to aid muscle repair and reduce DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness) for those that are physically active.
So, the next time you go out for a run or do a workout in the gym your muscles feel lesser after effects from previous training sessions and you are ready to go again!
If you want to improve in any sport, taking time to give your body the rest and care it needs, should be an important part of any training program.
Prior to working out - Foam roll to raise your core temperature, increase mobility and help activate your muscles.
Warm up with dynamic stretches (stretches with movement) not holding position for too long. Work on ROM in each joint you will use during your workout.
Post workout - Static stretching will help to reduce muscle tension, increase flexibility and ROM also. Hold stretches and use a foam roller to help reduce the chances of post workout tension and soreness caused by the repetition of your workout.
If you don’t have the time to foam roller before and after each session, make sure that you find a time that you can.
Use your foam roller in-between seeing your massage therapist, although it’s a fantastic piece of kit it’s no long-term substitute for a sports massage if one is needed for very active individuals.
How to use a foam roller and get it right.
Changing your bodies position helps you foam roll almost every major muscle.
Apply moderate pressure, you may feel uncomfortable at times – it should not be unbearable however.
Roll slowly, when you find a tender spot roll back and forward over that area until the tension releases.
Don’t roll over the joint, the aim is to help free up and warm up he soft tissue.
After foam rolling you should feel as if your muscles have been warmed up and prepared.
You may feel some mild muscle soreness after rolling the next day if you are new to it.
Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, eating well balanced and nutritious meals and getting a good amount of sleep will help flush your system and recover muscles effectively ready for your next training session.
For more informative assessments of your bodies mechanics and muscular balances book yourself a movement screening with us. Starting at £20 for a 90 minute screening designed to help you to understand your strengths and weaknesses and where you can improve your ROM to maximise your training potential and minimise injury!


StanoGen 10 (Stanozolol = Winstrol) is a product to take for a dry cycle. This product turns fat into muscles. Box of 50 tablets, 10mg / tablet. With this product you will get:
An impressive strength gain.
Very lean and defined muscles.
This product is one of the least harmful products with Primobolan (Be careful to take liver protection).
As part of a dry weight gain this product combines with Dianabol .
You can also combine this product with injectable steroids such as Parabolan, Masteron, Boldenone, Nandrolone, or Testosterone .
This product is the best oral steroids for a dry. In the case of a dryer, this product combines with a Testosterone to avoid losing too much muscle mass, and Primobolan.
This product is also excellent for losing weight; in that case, combine it with Cytomel or Clenbuterol.
2-8 tablets (20-80mg) daily.
This product should be taken for a minimum of 8 weeks and a maximum of 12 weeks.


Uttarakhand: An aerial view of Dehradun during the 2020 lockdown.  |  Photo Credit: PTI
Dehradun: Uttarakhand on Saturday reported 1,560 coronavirus cases, recording the highest single-day spike in infection cases in the state since May 29 last year when 1,687 people had tested positive.
Meanwhile, no death was reported in the state, which till now has reported 7,423 fatalities. So far, 3,49,472 cases have been reported in the state.
Dehradun district reported the highest 537 cases, followed by Nainital (404), Haridwar (303), Pithoragarh (82), Almora (52) and Champawat (46), the Covid control room here said.
Uttarakhand had reported 814 cases of Covid-19 on Friday.
On the sudden jump in Covid cases, social activist Anoop Nautiyal said, “I appeal to Govt of #Uttarakhand and Health Dept to immediately increase the no. of Covid tests.”
“We are only doing 15,000 odd tests on a daily basis. This is far lower than the target of 25,000 that was set by the authorities. In fact, this target needs revision after the big spike in cases in state,” he said.


If you are like me and watch tons of documentaries, it is very likely that you would have come across an inspiring film by Joe Cross called “Fat, Sick & Nearly Dead”. This film chronicles Joe’s personal mission to regain his health after realizing his life was on a downward spiral. Joe was 100 pounds overweight, loaded up on steroids and suffering from a debilitating autoimmune disease. Having no success with conventional medicine, Joe turned to the only option left, the body’s ability to heal itself. Joe decided to drink Mean Green Juice as made a 3,000 mile journey across America for a period of 60 days. I will leave the ending for yours to discover…
This film inspired me to take immediate action by researching for the best juicers and places to buy fresh produce.
Best Juicers – Upon extensive research online and in-person at many department stores, the one conclusion I made was that Breville Juicers always came on top. I found that Breville Juicers were solidly built both mechanically and aesthetically. Also, they are easy to clean, which you will definitely appreciate if you are juicing daily. I purchased Breville Juice Fountain Compact, which I thought had a good combination of power, features, good price point. Whole Apples? No problem with its 700 watts motor!
Now that we have laid the foundation with both what inspired me and buying my first juicer, let’s focus on the Juice.
Here is a picture of my countertop:
As you can see most (except the ginger and lemon) are all green. Why green? Green fruits and vegetables contain lots of antioxidants; vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which keeps your body protect itself from bacterial and viral infections, cancers, diseases, and common illnesses. Green leafy vegetables contain the most vitamins and nutrients.
Key guideline for green juice is 60% dark green leafy vegetables and 40% other vegetables/fruits. Unless you are doing a juice cleanse, drinking up to 4 x 16-20 ounce drinks per day, I started by drinking 1 liter (approx. 33.81 ounce) per day first thing in the morning. Since you get the most nutrients drinking right after juicing, if at all possible, try to drink within first 20 minutes of juicing. If you plan on making a full days worth, keep it in a tightly sealed container in the refrigerator.
Mean Green Juice Recipe (Official):
1 – Cucumber
4 – Celery Stalks
2 – Green Apples
6 to 8 – Kale (Australian Tuscan Cabbage)
1/2 – Lemon
1 teaspoon – Ginger
1. Wash wash wash your produce well
2. Peel the lemon
3. Juice starting with soft leafy plants first. Here is the order that I follow: Ginger, Kale, Celery, Cucumber, Lemon, and lastly Green Apples.
4. Pour in glass or in sealed container
Here is the Trailer Video for Fat, Sick & Nearly Dead
Why you need to keep immune system health?
Immune system is very important in the body. The function of the same is to protect and prevent body from diseases. It’s what makes people to be fit and healthy all the time. This system is powerful because it detects if a person is suffering from worms or viruses. There are people who are wondering ways and what they can do to ensure that immune system is fine and in good condition all the time. Boost Immune System Naturally with Fruits and Vegetables and you will not experience unhealthy problems such as diseases or illness. This is the only way to be free from all these.
If immune system is in good condition, what it does is to improve and increase white cells which are helpful in the body. If a big boost is done on the same as well, it helps in eliminating all dead things in the body which makes the body to be weak and not active. After the elimination the body will appear and seem healthy with a lot of energy and very active. These are some of the reasons why people need to watch out what they eat and know how to take care of themselves so as to be healthy all the times and free from sicknesses.
In order to maintain a good immune system in the body, a person should ensure to have and eat a good healthy diet. This means that a person should take good foods which will make the body strong and beneficial to it as well. If you are taking food, ensure that you take a lot of vegetable in all foods since they are very powerful in the body and vegetables are known better to fighting diseases and virus. This is good because it means that a person will not be sick all the time since they are taking and eating right food.
Oranges, grapefruits, strawberries are some of the fruits which you should be putting more attention to since they will boost immune in the body. Vegetables such as spinach, kales, sweet potatoes, cauliflower and many others are what you need to be talking most of the time since they will help your body in a high rate. If you are one of the people who have always been weak, these are some of the things which you should be taking and they are free from sugar and you will be happy for your body.
Boost Immune System Naturally with Fruits and Vegetables and for sure you will see how your body will improve and you will not have to be getting sick all the time. All natural foods which are rich either with vitamin A, C, E B-6 and zinc are what you need to put more consideration while you shopping or preparing foods. As long as your body is healthy and you have nothing or sickness worrying you, you will always be happy and that’s why you need to take this seriously. Everyone wishes for a healthy life and body and it’s what you should be doing.
How juice can assist in reducing weight
Overweight is something which many people don’t like. This is because other end up hating themselves and not appreciating how they really look. Others have negative thought they are not beautiful. Men and women try their best not to gain weight since there are major consequences of the same such as high blood pressure and obesity as well. If you are one of those people who are unable to perform their daily chores right simply because of heavy weight, you need to do something so as to have normal weight which will give less problems. All you need to do is to Lose Weight by Juicing a lot.
Juice is known to replace either breakfast or a meal. If you are not happy with your weight and you have tried many things and still not change of decreasing, take a lot of juice. For those people who are not aware, juice makes a person to lose appetite of food. This is what you need to be taking every day and with time you will be able to testify of the difference. This is how juice is powerful when it comes to reducing and decreasing weight since it prevents a person from taking a lot of food.
There are people who want to know exactly the kind and type of juices which assist in making a person lose weight. All juices which are prepared out of spinach, carrots, cabbages, celery and cucumber, they are very powerful when it comes to making a person to have a fit and healthy body. If you want to have a healthy normal weight, this is what you need to be blending at home. Take juices twice a day or three times and you will be surprised because you will start reducing weight.
All people who are really committed in reducing weight they should make a step by making sure they have a powerful blender which will not fail them when making juice. Make sure all of the juices which you make use of apples and strawberries as well as kiwi. They are very preferred since they have a high fiber in them which helps in fighting fats in the body and lowering cholesterol which assists in reducing weight. With all these possible, you will not have to doubt yourself reducing weight since that’s exactly what is going to happen and you will achieve a normal weight as you have always wanted to have.
Lose Weight by Juicing is what many people are going for since they have realized how powerful it has become. It’s good sometimes for a person to drink one glass of juice 30 minutes before taking any food both lunch and dinner. Again a person can choose not to take any food at all during lunch time and replace with 2 glasses of juice. By following these procedures, you will be able to say how worth the effort of making juice on daily basis is worthy while. These are what will speed up your body into losing weight.
Not many people have an idea that watermelon fruit can make a really good and tasty juicy. This juice is best if taken during summer seasons because it has antioxidant which prevents cancer and kidneys stones in the body. Here you need to cut watermelon into pieces and juicer them. Put in a glass and add small amount of honey rather than sugar and stir. The outcome of the juice is very smooth and it will give a very good freshening taste. This is one of the main Healthy Juice Recipes for Summer which you need to be looking out to prepare and for sure it has a lot of healthy benefits than you can imagine.
Lemon juice is something else which you need to prepare during summer. This is because it’s known better to curing and preventing throat infections and also it makes a person to gain a healthy and smooth skin. The juice gives vitamin see and that’s why you need to prepare at home. Take lemons and mix with ginger and some kales juicer them in a blender. Wait till it’s smooth and fine and take it. This is one of the juices you should go for since it’s very beneficial in the body.
Mixed berry is another juice which is liked by many people during summer season. It’s liked because it does not need many processes to be ready and it does not take time but seconds or few minutes. The procedure is to take, I cup of vanilla yogurt, 1 banana, cup blueberries, strawberries and orange juice. You need to juicer all of these together and produce a very wonderful juice which will make your summer days good and very cooling not forgetting you will have a lot to benefit from your body.
Banana Honey juice is what many haven’t heard about not even tasting. If you want to surprise your family with very sweet juice, make this one in particular and they will keep asking for more and more. To prepare this juice you need a ripe banana, lemon juice 1 spoon, honey like 2 spoons, milk and raisins. These are the ingredients and the procedure is just mixing all the contents together in a blender till to a fine paste and smooth. After, you can serve your family and you can choose to sprinkle cinnamon powder on the top of the juice. Here they will be very happy and that’s why you need to try.
Healthy Juice Recipes for Summer is what you should be looking and seeking for so that you can enjoy preparing all kinds and types of juices. Take time and learn all the recipes of different ingredients and how to mix them so as to have a good mixture and come up with a tasty juice. Learning makes a person to know what they didn’t know before and become expert of preparing juices and on what occasions. If you have never prepared a juice before, this is a chance for you to learn and you will become a better person.
In the winter, the most common problem people have is being healthy. The temperature varies greatly in the nighttime from daytime and we get sick with the flu no matter how well you take care of ourselves.
Nature gave us an ally to help us get over this unpleasant situation – fruits. So there are things right in your kitchen that can help you get better.
When you get sick with the flu, between a lot of bed rest and drinking a large cup of hot tea or milk, go into your kitchen and look for some of this common fruits that will help you get better. Here are the Five Fruits to Keep the Cold Away:
1) Citrus fruits like oranges are well known to have a lot of vitamin C that helps with the symptoms and will make you feel less tired. They also have a lot of juice so they will help you keep hydrated which is very important or, you might want to drink lemonade from fresh lemons. So keep away from soda you buy at the supermarket and go for Lemonade you can sweeten with honey. Drink it at room temperature and it will help you with the flu symptoms from a sore throat to tiredness and pain in your body.
2) Bananas are another fruit you can make you feel better. It is well known that the banana contains substances that fight against tiredness thanks to the vitamin B6 they contain. So if you feel tired and your body hurts from the cold this fruit might just do the trick.
3) Apples have a large amount of vitamins and minerals that will help your body feel and be stronger against bacteria and viruses. You can make fresh juice out of them or just eat them raw. Apples will help you breathe better so even if your flu is gone you should become used to eating them every day.
4) Cherries have vitamin C that help with fighting bacteria they also help you sleep better. So eat them if you have a cold because nothing is better than a good rested body to fight with your condition.
5) Grapes are considered to be the antibiotics nature gave us to fight bacteria and cure the flu. Because of their vitamins and active substances they help your body be stronger and those who eat them feel better sooner.
For the flu or a minor cold don’t run to the pharmacy just yet. Your own kitchen might be the solution to feeling better and improving your symptoms.


Experience a luxurious and restful night’s sleep with our high-quality 1000 pocket sprung mattress. The mattress is expertly designed to provide optimal support and comfort, making it the perfect choice for those with back or joint pain.
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Our 1000 pocket sprung mattress is handmade with care and attention to detail, ensuring the highest level of quality and durability. With its expert design and premium materials, you can be sure of a restful and rejuvenating night’s sleep every time.
Overall, if you’re looking for a high-quality mattress that provides optimal support and comfort for back or joint pain, our 1000 pocket sprung mattress is the perfect choice. Its individually wrapped pocket springs, plush filling, and breathable fabric cover make it a top-quality and comfortable option for a restful night’s sleep.