The global chemical and petroleum industries have always had the challenge of disposing of chemical wastes, by-products, and residuals, but with traditional techniques such as deep well injection and incineration proving flawed, the need for disposal by legal, safe and economically effective means has never been greater. Increasingly, the need to produce without pollution is the preferred model for industry, and the strategy of waste minimization is seen as the best way forward. This is particularly relevant in the petrochemical and chemical industries, where large quantities of hazardous and toxic wastes are produced which can pose formidable disposal problems. Covering the essentials of treatment, recovery and disposal of waste, as well as the requirements for process design and engineering of equipment and facilities in the chemical and petroleum industries, this book includes chapters on: Wastewater Treatment Physical Unit Operations Chemical Treatment Biological Treatment Wastewater Treatment in Unconventional Oil and Gas Industries Wastewater Sewer Systems Sewage Treatment Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal Primarily aimed at researchers and advanced students in chemical, petroleum, and environmental fields as well as those in civil engineering, this book should also provide a unique reference for industry practitioners and anyone interested in chemical and petroleum waste treatment and disposal.
Explains the fundamental theory and mathematics of water and wastewater treatment processes By carefully explaining both the underlying theory and the underlying mathematics, this text enables readers to fully grasp the fundamentals of physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. Throughout the book, the authors use detailed examples to illustrate real-world challenges and their solutions, including step-by-step mathematical calculations. Each chapter ends with a set of problems that enable readers to put their knowledge into practice by developing and analyzing complex processes for the removal of soluble and particulate materials in order to ensure the safety of our water supplies. Designed to give readers a deep understanding of how water treatment processes actually work, Water Quality Engineering explores: Application of mass balances in continuous flow systems, enabling readers to understand and predict changes in water quality Processes for removing soluble contaminants from water, including treatment of municipal and industrial wastes Processes for removing particulate materials from water Membrane processes to remove both soluble and particulate materials Following the discussion of mass balances in continuous flow systems in the first part of the book, the authors explain and analyze water treatment processes in subsequent chapters by setting forth the relevant mass balance for the process, reactor geometry, and flow pattern under consideration. With its many examples and problem sets, Water Quality Engineering is recommended as a textbook for graduate courses in physical and chemical treatment processes for water and wastewater. By drawing together the most recent research findings and industry practices, this text is also recommended for professional environmental engineers in search of a contemporary perspective on water and wastewater treatment processes.
This monograph provides comprehensive coverage of technologies which integrate adsorption and biological processes in water and wastewater treatment. The authors provide both an introduction to the topic as well as a detailed discussion of theoretical and practical considerations. After a review of the basics involved in the chemistry, biology and technology of integrated adsorption and biological removal, they discuss the setup of pilot- and full-scale treatment facilities, covering powdered as well as granular activated carbon. They elucidate the factors that influence the successful operation of integrated systems. Their discussion on integrated systems expands from the effects of environmental to the removal of various pollutants, to regeneration of activated carbon, and to the analysis of such systems in mathematical terms. The authors conclude with a look at future needs for research and develoment. A truly valuable resource for environmental engineers, environmental and water chemists, as well as professionals working in water and wastewater treatment.
New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.
A comprehensive guide to sludge management, reuse, and disposal When wastewater is treated, reducing organic material to carbon dioxide, water, and bacterial cells—the cells are disposed of, producing a semisolid and nutrient-rich byproduct called sludge. The expansion in global population and industrial activity has turned the production of excess sludge into an international environmental challenge, with the ultimate disposal of excess sludge now one of the most expensive problems faced by wastewater facilities. Written by two leading environmental engineers, Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies offers a comprehensive look at cutting-edge techniques for reducing sludge production, converting sludge into a value-added material, recovering useful resources from sludge, and sludge incineration. Reflecting the impact of new stringent environmental legislation, this book offers a frank appraisal of how sludge can be realistically managed, covering key concerns and the latest tools: Fundamentals of biological processes for wastewater treatment, wastewater microbiology, and microbial metabolism, essential to understanding how sludge is produced Prediction of primary sludge and waste-activated sludge production, among the chief design and operational challenges of a wastewater treatment plant Technologies for sludge reduction, with a focus on reducing microbial growth yield as well as enhancing sludge disintegration The use of anerobic digestion of sewage sludge for biogas recovery, in terms of process fundamentals, design, and operation The use of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) system for the sustainable treatment of organic wastes and electrical energy recovery
Ensuring safe and plentiful supplies of potable water (both now and for future generations) and developing sustainable treatment processes for wastewater are among the world’s greatest engineering challenges. However, sustainability requires investment of money, time and knowledge. Some parts of the world are already working towards this goal but many nations have neither the political will nor the resources to tackle even basic provision and sanitation. Combining theory and practice from the developing and developed worlds with high- and low-tech, high- and low-cost solutions, this book discusses fundamental and advanced aspects of water engineering and includes: water resource issues including climate change, water scarcity, economic and financial aspects requirements for sustainable water systems fundamentals of treatment and process design industrial water use and wastewater treatment sustainable effluent disposal sustainable construction principles With integrated theory, design and operation specifications for each treatment process, this book addresses the extent to which various treatment methods work in theory as well as how cost effective they are in practice. It provides a nontechnical guide on how to recover and reuse water from effluent, which is suitable for those in water resource management, environmental planning, civil and chemical engineering.
Переходник Vention H380HDFA предназначен для преобразования разъема HDMI 19M в разъем HDMI 19F. Он имеет пропускную способность до 10,2 Гб/сек. Продукция компании Vention соответствует следующим сертификатам: RoHS, CE, FCC, TIA, ISO.Поддержка: HDMI v1.4Тип оболочки: ПВХМатериал проводника: чистая бескислородная медь
Применение: Внешний интерфейсный кабель для синхронизации, передачи данных, а также зарядке периферийных(мобильных) устройств и их компонентов с разъемом USB и USB micro B. Продукция соответствует следующим сертификатам: RoHS, CE, FCC, TIA, ISO


Natural product against plant stress.
HIDROSTRESS-40® is a neutral potassium carboxylate based product, very rich in natural betaine from “beta vulgaris”. This gives the product an osmoprotective synergic effect that prevents certain physiopathies related to osmotic imbalance and plant stress.
-Improving nutrient absorption from the roots.
-Increasing resistance to high or low temperatures and salinity. Browning of bananas in the cold.
-Reducing the splitting or cracking of fruit when these types of imbalances occur.
-Avoiding flower abortion at times of high abiotic stress.
-Improving and producing a more homogenous colouring of fruits.
DOSAGE AND DIRECTIONS
Primarily intended for foliar application on all crops.
Horticultural foliar dose: 3-5 litres/ha
Fruit and vine foliar dose: 4-8 litres/ha
Through irrigation: we recommend using CODIORGAN-GLB®


💡Ceradan® Hand Lotion Sanitiser is a high-performance hand lotion sanitiser that protects your hands against harmful germs and moisturises with ceramide-dominant essential skin lipids to maintain a healthy skin protective barrier. pH 5.5, hypoallergenic and free from colourant and fragrance. Suitable for all skin types, including eczema-prone, dry and sensitive skin.
Ceramide-dominant 3:1:1 essential skin lipids ratio to maintain the skin’s protective barrier.
Alcohol-based to eliminate up to 99.9% of germs (e.g. bacteria, viruses and fungi)
pH 5.5 helps to prevent pH spike and protects the skin’s natural lipids
All skin types
All age groups
How to Use:
Apply on palms, rub hands thoroughly till dry.
Net Weight: 50ml
Country of Origin: Singapore
Storage: For external use only, please store in a cool place at room temperature
Disclaimer: The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider.


Measuring your pH value
To stay healthy, the body uses a wide range of regulating systems. One of these is the acid-alkaline system, which is essential to good health. An acid-alkaline imbalance (acidification) can be measured (approximately) relatively easily in urine using pH test strips.
The first measurement is used as the zero measurement. You can then monitor the progress of your acidity level by taking a new measurement every two weeks.
Decide on a test day and drink only water after 8 pm the evening before the test. Measure the acidity of your urine three times on the test day. Use your morning urine, which is the first urine after 6 in the morning.
Immerse the pH test strip in your morning urine for one second. It is important to do the measurement as quickly as possible because the acidity level of the urine can be influenced by the reaction with carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air. Now compare the colours on the test strip with the colour chart on the box to determine your pH value.
To obtain a realistic idea of your acidity level, a minimum of three test days in a row is necessary. We recommend starting the test day by measuring your morning urine and then measuring again in the afternoon and early evening.
By recording the pH values measured, you can calculate your average daily values by adding up the three measurements and dividing this by three. After the three test days, you add up the three average daily values and divide this total by three. The result is the average pH value for the three consecutive test days.
Note that the pH value of morning urine is often the most acidic because the body processes more acid waste at night.
The result of the average pH value for the three consecutive test days can be interpreted as follows:
- Average pH value between 6.5 and 7.0 = No significant acidification
- Average pH value between 5.5 and 6.5 = Moderate acidification
- Average pH value between 4.5 and 5.5 = High degree of acidification


What is mobile Airbrush Tanning?
Airbrush Tanning is one of the most beautiful and natural ways of tanning your body with out the harm of the sun. Your NKDTAN Technician will come to your house, work or even on location for special events. NKDTAN uses Norvell®, a state of the art Airbrush tanning system to apply your customized spray tan (three different levels of colour are available). You will be given the most natural looking UV free tan available. NKDTAN’s products are top of the line, the best quality tanning solutions on the market containing DHA that are safe and approved by the FDA.
NKDTAN’s tanning machine provides a fine mist, and an even flow to create an even tan every time, leaving your skin streak free!! Airbrush tan is a weightless body mist and is NOT as heavy as a spray tan!
How does an Airbrush tan work?
The ingredient that tans your skin is dihydroxyacetone (DHA). DHA is an ingredient derived from sugar cane and beets, which reacts with the amino acids in the skin.The action of DHA is limited to the upper layer of the skin and involves a reaction between DHA and skin proteins and oxygen that produces brown compounds. This process is similar to what occurs when you slice open an apple and the surface of the apple browns when it is exposed to the oxygen in the air. This reaction will continues to darken for up to 16-18 hours (depending on the individual).
The development of colour takes anywhere from 2 to 4 hours and the intensity of colour is dependent upon the DHA concentration in the product as well as each tanner’s individual skin characteristics. The colour developed by the DHA usually lasts 5 to 10 days and begins to fade as the top layer of the skin naturally exfoliates.
The Airbrush tan does not make your skin or your skin cells darker in pigmentation; the immediate colour you see when your tan is applied is a colour guide or cosmetic bronzer that helps me not miss any sections and allows you to instantly see your tan. When DHA is applied to the skin; a brown “tan” forms in about 4-6 hours and continues to darken for approximately 16-18 hours. The colour of your sunless tan is completely individual. Nothing is absolute when it comes to the variations of skin types, colouration, how long it will last or how dark you can get. Every skin type is different and this is the reason I use averages. The colour you achieve is a perfect blend of your natural skin tone along with the reaction of the DHA. The tan becomes water-resistant, however exposure to high levels of abrasive soaps, detergent filled body washes and the chlorine in swimming pools is discouraged. Exposure to such factors will expedite the natural process of exfoliation which takes on average 4-6 days.
How did sunless tanning start?
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) was first used as an active ingredient during research on the treatment of diabetics, some of whom tolerated DHA better than glucose. However, in 1957 the tanning properties of DHA were discovered in a children’s hospital. DHA was administered orally as a treatment for a childhood glycogen storage disease. However, some children were drooling and spitting up the mixture when the doctor noticed brown spots developing on the skin. The doctor experimented by rubbing the mixture on her own skin and she tanned as well. The first scientific papers on DHA were published in 1960. Since these studies, DHA’s physicochemical properties, tanning mechanics and skin tolerance have been further explored, resulting in an improved method of application, and a more uniform and natural-looking tan. DHA is not absorbed through the skin into the body and it has no known toxicity.
Is Airbrush Tanning safe?
Yes! DHA has been approved for cosmetic use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Canadian Health Ministry and most of the EU member nations. It is considered nontoxic and non-carcinogenic. DHA based Sunless tanning has been recommended by the Skin Cancer Organization, American Academy of Dermatology, Canadian Dermatology Association, The American Cancer Society and the American Medical Association.
DHA is restricted to external application only. DHA is not recommended for contact to areas of the body surface covered by mucous membrane such as lips, eyes and nostrils. If desired, proper eye, nose & mouth protection are available. Chap stick on the lips during your spray tan sessions is advised.
The Norvell® tanning solution has been extensively tested and is very safe and all skin types.
Should I wear a filtering mask when spraying?
Norvell® sunless solutions contain no known toxins or allergens. It is a food grade product that has no known detrimental effects on the body. However, as with ANY substance, repeated exposure to, or inhalation of, airborne matter may cause irritation or discomfort. It is recommended that people who will be using the product on a daily basis should wear some sort of air filtering mask to reduce contact.
How long does an Airbrush Tanning session take?
It takes approximately 10 minutes per person; 20 minutes for a “Double Dip”. Your Privé Tanning Technician Hollie, will take the time that we need to make sure your spray tan is perfect. So for Tanning Parties, please plan accordingly to accommodate all of your guests.
What are the benefits of getting an Airbrush tan applied professionally as opposed to DIY?
When you DIY it is not only hard to reach your back and the back of your legs, it is also hard to tell whether you have applied the lotion, cream or spray consistently. DIY options can be ok after many trials of turning orange from using products that react badly with your skin, getting streaky results and missing patches.
With a professional Airbrush tan, your NKDTAN Technician, Hollie will be able to evenly and quickly apply a solution that will work well with your skin.
What is the difference between a custom Airbrush tan & a Booth spray tan?
Booth spray tans and custom spray tans are the most popular ways to get a full body spray tan. Spray tan booths usually spray your entire body in about 3 minutes. This is a quick way to obtain a tan, but the results are usually far from flawless. Booth sprays tans distribute the same amount of solution to each area of the body so there is no customization. Typically faces end up too dark and legs are not dark enough. Tiny, freckled looking spots are usually visible after a booth spray as well. It is highly recommended that spending a little extra money on a custom spray tan because the results will be drastic. A custom Airbrush tan is the closest thing you can get to a flawless, natural-looking glow. Your Prive Tanning Technician, Hollie will customize each spray to your desire. Whether you are looking for a light, even looking, sun-kissed tone or want certain areas of your body darker than others to hide imperfections, Hollie will customize each area of your body to your liking. Every appointment will start with a full-body consultation.
Why not just use a regular tanning bed?
According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, tanning with UV light can lead to premature skin aging (wrinkles, lax skin, brown spots, and more), as well as skin cancer. Unlike Tanning beds, Airbrush tans are not in any way, harmful for your skin. Plus an Airbrush tan provides instant colour in the comfort of your own home! When applied correctly, your tan will not leave you red or peeling. Even stretch marks, cellulite, and bruises look much better after a spray tan!
Is Airbrush tanning messy?
No. A 7” x 4” x 4” spray tan tent and extraction fan will be set up in your home. The HVLP sprayer produces a very precise spray and any over spray is caught in the tent and extraction fan. There is a faint smell of almond and raspberries, and that is all.
Is it OK for people of any age to spray tan?
Yes it is. However, a signature is require and presence of the parent or guardian for those under 18. Also, it is required they are clothed in either swim trunks for males or bikini for females (or equivalent clothing).
How do I prepare for an Airbrush session?
For the maximum result, before your session, SHOWER and EXFOLIATE the skin. Your skin MUST be clean from all lotions, oils, perfumes, deodorants or any product on the skin that would create a barrier or cause the tan to develop unevenly and remove all jewellery. These items act as barriers and can even turn your tan green. For more details, please see my Pre and Post Tan section.
Can I wear deodorant, moisturizer or makeup before my Airbrush tan?
No. Many deodorants will stop spray tanning solution going through. Some others will turn the armpits green. Few moisturizers and makeup products can act as a barrier, not letting the full amount of the solution to attach itself to the skin.
When should I exfoliate?
You should exfoliate before every sunless session. Using a mild shower gel/exfoliant can be done one day prior to the session. You should allow at least 8 hours between body scrub use and the Airbrush tanning session. If you have extremely dry skin, or problem areas it is recommended using a salt scrub. If using salt scrub, this must be done 24-48 hours prior to the session, otherwise the oils within the salt scrub will effect the sunless results.
Should I wax or shave before or after I get an Airbrush tan?
Whether you shave or wax is completely up to you, both should be done before the application of the tan. Ideally shaving should be done at least 8 hours before and waxing at least the day before. When waxing ensure that all wax is removed otherwise the tan will stick to the wax and will appear very dark where the wax has not been removed.
You will be sprayed with the solution containing cosmetic bronzer so it is best to shave or wax one or two days before, as the bronzer gets into the newly created pores and can give you “spotty” look. Shaving after the application will take off some of your tan with the hair, so shave when you really need to and ensure that your blade is sharp.
Do I have to be naked?
You may wear whatever you feel comfortable in whether you wear nothing, underwear, a g-string or your swimming suit is completely up to you. Disposable thongs are available in which you can use if you would feel more comfortable. You may also want to take into account clothing that you will be wearing over the next few days. For example, if you are getting a tan for a special occasion and want to wear a bra during your tan session, then think about the style of dress you will be wearing. If you want to wear a strapless dress, you want to wear a strapless bra to avoid tan lines. Ensure any clothing that is worn immediately after the application of the tan is dark in colour to prevent the risk of staining it. After your tan wear loose preferably cotton clothing.
Will I see instant results?
Yes! You will receive an immediate, all natural looking tan that will continue to develop and become darker over the next 6 to 12 hours. The immediate colour you see when your tan is applied is a cosmetic bronzer. The cosmetic bronzer is a water-soluble colour that is immediately visible during the session and it will wash off during the first shower. The DHA bronze tan beneath. Ingredients used in sunless cosmetic bronzers are similar to those used in cosmetic foundations or bronzing powders. Some of the bronze colour may rub off on clothing or bed sheets but will come out in the wash. If you prefers darker initial results, a darker cosmetic effect can be made by adding Wonder Drops™ to the solution prior to the session.
How long does a spray tan take to dry?
Norvell® Solution should dry enough to re-dress in 8-12 minutes. This time can be reduced by “blow drying” the skin. Keep in mind the the tan needs to “set”, and the process will take about an hour. It is best to wear loose fitting clothes and flip flops after your session, to make sure nothing rubs off.
Will I be sticky after being sprayed?
It is normal for there to be a slight sticky feel immediately following the session. Norvell® solutions are formulated to be the fastest drying formula available. You should feel completely dry and non-tacky within 8-12 minutes following the application.
How many days will an Airbrush Tan last?
Skin naturally wants to shed its top layer on average every 7 days depending on the shape it’s in. The more hydrated and moisturized it is, the longer a tan will last. Typically a spray tan will last anywhere from 5-10 days. Exfoliating prior to a sunless tanning application and keeping skin moisturized afterwards are essential. Sunless tan-extending products with a light self-tanning bronzer, like Jergen’s Natural Glow, help hydrate skin and maintain even, natural-looking colour longer.
Will an Airbrush Tan come off on my clothes?
To minimize the chance of the cosmetic bronzer transferring to clothing, it is recommended that you wear loose-fitting, darker clothes after your spray session, ensure that you have the tan applied the day before you wear any light clothing and remember to shower twice to ensure the cosmetic bronzer has washed off. Try to refrain from physical exertion that could result in you sweating until you shower and wash off the cosmetic bronzer.
Will the Airbrush solution stain my hair?
Most people will not see any affect on the colour of their hair. If you have light blonde, gray or platinum hair you may see some discolouration from the cosmetic bronzers initially, however, this colour will wash out with the first shower after the session. If you prefer you can wear a hair cap, but it is not necessary.
How long should I wait after the Airbrush Tan before I shower?
Airbrush tanning solutions take about 16 hours to fully develop. You will receive the best results if you can avoid bathing until the day after their sunless session. If you must bathe, you should wait a minimum of 8 hours after the application. Showering any sooner will diminish the intensity of the tan.
If showering prior to the 16 hour post application recommendation, a simple rinse with water only, is best. Soap destroys DHA. Delayed bathing allows the DHA bronzer sufficient time to complete its reaction with the amino acids (proteins) within the skin.
Why is keeping skin moisturized essential to maintain great sunless results?
It is important to keep skin moisturized after sunless tanning as dry, flaky skin will slough off faster and colour will fade sooner. You basically want to slow down your body’s natural exfoliation process.
What about the after-odour often associated with sunless tanning?
Norvell® uses the newest technology in odour inhibitors to encapsulate the odour causing agents commonly associated with DHA products. They then blend the fragrance with DHA in a manor which allows the pleasant fragrance of raspberry and almonds to come through, eliminating the dreaded “sunless smell”.
How can I prevent patchy or uneven wear-off?
A daily application of a colour extending moisturizer will extend the look of the tan. This bronzing booster will also reduce the appearance of uneven wear and patchiness.
Gradual self tanning moisturizers like Jergens Natural Glow™ contain low levels of DHA bronzer to extend the look of any sunless tan.
Will I turn orange or have streaks?
Definitely NOT! All Norvell® Products have perfectly blended their solutions to give you that “just off the beach” look and will transition smoothly into the DHA colour that will later develop.
The “orange” colour, as it is sometime called, is the result of high pH levels within the skin. A professional spray tan with modern tanning agents avoids this, and streakiness is caused by improper application of home tanning creams and sprays – which is why you should always let a professional (like Hollie) apply your tan. Prior to your application, Hollie will spray you with Norvell® xLaTan™ pH Balancing prep spray to balance your skin’s pH levels. Privé guarantee a streak free and natural looking tan that you will never have to rub in or be bothered with. Make sure to exfoliate before your service and follow the instructions!
How long after Airbrush tanning should I wait to enjoy a pool/spa/ocean?
It is recommended to avoid these situations for the first 48 hours following your spray tan. Chlorinated pools & spas can increase the rate in which the skin exfoliates causing the tan to wear and fade.
Is it okay to get an Airbrush tan if pregnant or nursing?
Typically, it is safe to use tanning lotion while you are pregnant however do consult with your physician before your visit. The active ingredient Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a three-carbon sugar that is non-toxic and therefore is not harmful to you or your baby. DHA works by interacting with your dead skin cells to produce brown pigment called melanoidin. DHA does not go beyond this layer of cells and is not absorbed into the body. Skin is constantly shedding dead skin cells and renewing itself, and so the tan fades as this happens. But DHA is not approved for “atomized inhalation”. NKDTAN offers disposable masks and recommend you wear them.
Will an Airbrush tan cause freckles in people who usually freckle when tanning?
No. There is nothing in the tanning solution that will cause more freckles to break out. In fact, in most cases, freckles and blemishes will become less pronounced because the lighter skin areas will darken and reduce the colour differentiation between the blemishes and the rest of the skin.
Is an Airbrush tan safe for a diabetic person?
DHA is a chemical derived from glycerin and was first used in the treatment of diabetes, as some diabetics are better able to tolerate DHA than glucose in their treatment! So basically, yes you can have a sunless spray tan. I have received no feedback from any medical authority that would indicate a risk to a diabetic person, however, as you would before using any product on a diabetic person, I recommend each customer consult their physician before receiving an application.
Does the solution cause a change in the affected areas of someone with Vitiligo?
Yes. Norvell® sunless solution do work on the affected areas, however, it is important to remember the skin that is lighter “tans” and the unaffected skin areas also tan, therefore they will remain different colours. While both areas do achieve a sunless tan, they will appear “two toned” when finished. Norvell® colour is a blend of the natural skin colour and the sunless colour. Clients looking to darken only the lighter skin will need to take care and apply solution to these areas only, and may be best served with any of the retail self-tanning applications available from Norvell.
Will an Airbrush Tan protect me from UV sun rays?
No. Although your skin looks like it is well protected, Norvell® solutions do NOT contain any SPF. It is very important to remember to use a sunscreen with SPF to prevent sun damage.
Should I allow the skin to rest between Airbrush spray sessions?
It is recommended that after every 5 weeks of spray tanning, you allow your skin to rest for 10 days. This allows you to completely loose your tan periodically which eliminates patchiness or uneven areas of wear. These areas are caused by normal contact with clothing and other surfaces which cause additional exfoliation.
What are the ingredients?
Aloe Vera in Purified De-Mineralized Water, Dihyroxyacetone (Eco-Cert DHA), Ethanol, Erythrulose, Caffeine, Copper, Glycerine, Acacia Senegal Gum & Hydrolyzed Rhizobiam Gum (Skin Firming), Vitamin Complex (A, C & E), Propylene Glycol, Polysorbate 20, AstraCranTM(Cranberry Seed Extract), AquaxylITM, Panthenol (Vitamin B5), Sorbitol, Fragrance/Odor Control, Phenethyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Citric Acid, FD&C Red #40, Red #33, Green #5 and Yellow #5
Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis): This ingredient is an extract from the Aloe Vera plant. Aloe Vera has exceptional oxygenation (the ability to draw and hold oxygen to the skin) properties, making it very effective for cellular renewal. Having the same pH as human skin, it is also extremely soothing and protective.
Dihydroxyacetone (DHA): This skin browning effect is non-toxic, and similar to the Maillard reaction. It is more commonly seen in the food preparation industry, and was described in 1912 by Louis Camille Maillard. DHA reacts chemically with the amino acid groups, which are part of the protein containing keratin layer on the skin surface.
Various amino acids react differently to DHA, producing different tones of coloration from yellow to brown. The resulting pigments are called melanoidins. These are similar in coloration to melanin, the natural substance in the deeper skin layers which brown or “tan”, from exposure to UV rays.
Ethanol: Ethanol has widespread use as a solvent of substances intended for human contact or consumption, including scents, flavourings, colourings, and medicines. In chemistry, it is both an essential solvent and a feedstock for the synthesis of other products.
Erythrulose: It is a natural ketose obtained by bio-fermentation. When used in combination with Dihydroxyacetone (DHA), it leads to uniform tanning of the skin and provides longer lasting colour.
Caffeine: Caffeine is a heterocyclic organic compound that energizes the skin. Caffeine may help protect against skin cancer.
Copper: It is a necessity for tyrosinase activity. Facilitates melanin production. Copper has additional benefits to skin and hair, showing an enhanced ability to bind moisture to maintain a healthy appearance.
Glycerin: This humectant protects and seals moisture on the skin surface. It is widely used in products as a moisturizing agent.
Acacia Senegal Gum & Hydrolyzed Rhizobian Gum: Two natural, sustainable ingredients of vegetable origin and visible efficacy help impart a tactile tightening effect and lifted appearance.
Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate): A potent antioxidant and very effective free-radical scavenger, is especially beneficial for dry or damaged skin. Vitamin A helps prevent skin dryness and scaliness by hydrating and softening the skin, keeping it healthy, clear, and infection resistant. Known as “the skin vitamin”, it acts as a keratinization regulator, helping to improve the skin’s texture, firmness, and smoothness. It is used for anti-aging products due to is ability to stimulate new cell production, which is enhanced when combined with vitamin E. When Vitamin A is incorporated into skin care products at adequate levels, it will increase cell proliferation in the epidermis, stimulate fibroblasts to produce elastin and collagen, and induce new blood vessels to grow, all of which result in healthier and younger looking skin.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): An antioxidant vitamin that helps neutralize free radicals. It has been clinically shown to reverse photo-aging (wrinkles and age spots) and boost the skin’s collagen productions for smoother and firmer skin. In addition, Vitamin C inhibits UVA and UVB radiation-induced damage, also resulting in younger looking skin.
Vitamin E (Tocopheryl Acetate): An antioxidant that helps lipid per-oxidation in cells and tissues. It helps neutralize free radicals to prevent and diminish fine lines and wrinkles while it also softens skin and moisturizes from within. Some research shows that Vitamin E can help maintain the skin’s connective tissue, helping it stay smooth and elastic.
Propylene Glycol: It is an aliphatic alcohol that is used as a skin conditioning agent and humectant and is a solvent for preservatives (Parabens), essential oils, flavours, and fragrances.
Polysorbate 20: A versatile oil-in-water emulsifier, very water-soluble. It is excellent solubilizer for essential oils. It is also a viscosity modifier in shampoos, liquid soaps and conditioners.
AstraCranTm (Cranberry Seed Extract): Extract of the cranberry fruit. Natural components known as proanthocyanidins are responsible for this extract’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
AquaxylTm: Aquaxyl is an active ingredient responsible for moisturizing and restructuring your delicate skin. It improvement the skin’s overall moisture balance, with increased water content and reserve. Aquaxyl™ also builds a barrier to limit water loss. It will make your skin will look and feel smoother and more supple.
Panthenol (Vitamin B Complex): Panthenol is Pro-Vitamin B5, which is part of the B-complex group. It is essential in the synthesis of lipids and proteins. Panthenol is used as a deep-penetrating skin moisturizer.
Sorbitol: A sugar found in many berries. It is a humectant that leaves a silky velvety feeling to skin.
Fragrance (odor control): An aromatic blend employing essential oils of natural origin, of synthetic origin, or both.
Phenethyl alcohol: Phenethyl alcohol is an alcohol with a pleasant floral odour. It is therefore a common ingredient in flavours and perfumery.
Caprylyl Glycol: Skin-conditioning agent that may be plant-derived or synthetic.
Citric Acid (Vitamin C): Derived from citrus fruits. Natural astringent and antioxidant properties. Also used as a natural preservative and pH regulator.
FD&C Red #40: A certified Monoazo colorant, soluble in water and permitted for use in food, drug, and cosmetic products.
FD&C Red #33: A certified Monoazo colorant permitted for the use in drugs and cosmetics but not in foods. This ingredient is a colorant used to color finished formulas.
FD&C Yellow #5: This ingredient is a colorant used to colour finished formulas.


Teslin synthetic printing sheet is truly a unique material that looks, prints and fabricates like paper, but is durable like plastic film. A microporous structure makes Teslin sheet absorptive yet water-resistant, soft but strong, and highly printable and durable.
Teslin sheet is a dimensionally stable, highly filled, single layer, microporous film. It is polyolefin-based with 60% of its weight comprised of non-abrasive filler and 65% of its volume comprised of air. The porous, uncoated nature of Teslin sheet allows inks, adhesives, coatings and laminating films to penetrate into its structure to form strong anchor points with the substrate. Although fluid may penetrate, there is excellent holdout of pigment particles on the surface.
A wide range of printing and fabricating techniques are compatible with Teslin sheet. It can be printed or imaged with offset, monochrome laser, color laser, flexography, gravure, letterpress, intaglio, thermal transfer, ink jet, and screen-printing processes. A number of finishing techniques and fabricating methods can also be used with Teslin sheet, including perforating, punching, folding, sewing and grommeting, and foil stamping and embossing.
Teslin sheet is bright white-the same attractive appearance as other high quality, matte finish papers. Opacity is excellent, even at low weights and thicknesses.
What is Teslin synthetic printing sheet?
Teslin sheet is a white, porous, highly filled film that features unique characteristics printable, durable, waterproof, secure, breathable, and adaptable. Its microporous composition ensures high print definition and excellent holdout of pigment particles. If you have ever been apprehensive of printing on synthetic sheet, Teslin sheet is for you!
Why use Teslin sheet?
Teslin sheet offers users durability, printability and versatility. Teslin sheet forms tough, durable bonds with laminating films that are 600 percent stronger than coated papers or other synthetic stocks. Teslin sheet is water, chemical, abrasion, and tear-resistant, requiring no edge seal to be durable. And, bonds that were meant to last, create images that endure over time. Teslin sheet is extremely printable-producing rich, vivid, high quality graphics through both conventional printing methods and digital imaging.
How is Teslin sheet used?
Teslin sheet adaptability gives designers freedom never before possible with synthetics. It is ideal for:
Specialty and commercial printing
Wide format graphics
Menus and maps
Laminated security documents
Tags and Labels


Ammonia has been widely used as a fertilizer and refrigerant, but its potential as a means of energy storage is only now beginning to be fully explored. The low cost of ammonia and the ease with which it can be produced make it an attractive option for large-scale energy storage.
One of the main challenges in using ammonia as an energy storage medium is finding suitable materials for its production and storage. However, recent advancements in materials science have opened up new possibilities in this field.
Advanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise in the production of ammonia. MOFs are highly porous materials that can be tailored to selectively capture and release gas molecules. This makes them ideal for the production of ammonia, as they can capture nitrogen and hydrogen gases and then catalyze their reaction to produce ammonia.
Another potential use of MOFs is in the storage of ammonia. The porous structure of MOFs allows for the easy adsorption of ammonia molecules, and their high surface area provides a large storage capacity. This makes MOFs an attractive option for the storage of ammonia for energy applications.
In addition to advanced materials, advanced reactors are also being developed for the production and storage of ammonia. One example is the use of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) for the production of hydrogen, which can then be combined with nitrogen to produce ammonia. SOECs are highly efficient and can operate at high temperatures, making them well-suited for the production of hydrogen.
Another type of reactor that is being developed for ammonia storage is the adsorption reactor. This type of reactor uses a solid adsorbent material to adsorb ammonia, which can then be released when needed for energy applications. Adsorption reactors offer several advantages over traditional liquid storage methods, including a higher energy density and reduced safety risks.
In addition to these advancements in materials and reactors, research is also being conducted on the use of ammonia as a fuel for power generation. Ammonia has a higher energy density than other renewable energy sources such as hydrogen and is easier to transport and store. Ammonia can be burned in conventional power plants, making it a promising option for the transition to a low-carbon energy system.
In conclusion, ammonia has great potential as an energy storage medium, and recent advancements in materials and reactors are paving the way for its widespread use. Advanced materials such as MOFs and advanced reactors such as SOECs and adsorption reactors offer new possibilities for the production and storage of ammonia. With further research and development, ammonia could play a major role in the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon energy system.


Toxicants & Fumigants
Toxicant–substance used to poison a problem animal, typically through ingestion.
Fumigant–gas used to poison a nuisance animal as it breathes.
General Use Pesticides (GUP) may be purchased over-the-counter.
Restricted Use Pesticides (RUP) require a pesticide applicator’s license to purchase and use.
Secondary poisoning-Injury to an organism that ate the animal that was poisoned originally.
Facts about Pesticides
- No one can guarantee where a poisoned animal will die.
- No pesticide can be called “SAFE”. You can only use pesticides more safely or less safely.
- Most negative incidents with toxicants and fumigants occur because the applicator failed to follow the instructions on the label.
1. Phosphine Gas
- Phostoxin– Degesch America
- Fumigation Management Plan (FMP) is required when using this product.
2. Charcoal-Potassium Nitrate
Used as a rodent fumigant in burrows, carbon (charcoal) formulated with several other pesticide active ingredients (sodium and potassium nitrates and sulfur), is used in pyrotechnic fumigant gas cartridge products. When a cartridge is ignited and placed in a pest burrow, it produces carbon monoxide and other gases that kill target pests.
Toxicants in Rodenticides
|First Generation||Active Ingredient||Feeding|
|Active Ingredient||Feeding||Mode of Action|
|Bromethalin||Single Feed||Interferes with the animal’s nervous system|
|Cholecalciferol||Single Feed||Causes internal bleeding and kidney injury by increasing calcium levels to a lethal level|
|Zinc Phosphide||Single Feed||Blocks cells from making energy, and the cells die|
Bait Station Use— Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln


"Dish the Dirt"
Live for Tomorrow (LFT) dish liquid “Dish the Dirt” tackles grease-laden dishes. 2x concentrated, this is a plant and mineral based, natural & non-toxic dish liquid. We’re all about the pump. No drippy squeeze bottle mess. Directly into the sink or onto a sponge – 1 little pump goes a long way. Our Unscented formula is perfect for baby bottles and accessories too!
- Phosphate Free
- Safe for septic systems
To Use: Pump until you get a steady stream.
To Wash: Squirt detergent onto cleaning applicator and use. For best results, use with warm water.
These suds are for your sink. Not for use in Auto Dishwasher machines.
Ingredients: Purified Water; Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate/Disodium 2-Sulfolaurate, Lauramine Oxide, Caprylyl/Myristyl Glucoside (Plant based cleaning agent); Glycerine (Foam stabilizer); Sodium Chloride (Thickener); Sodium Carbonate (Water conditioner); Potassium Sorbate (Food grade preservative); Citric Acid (Natural pH modifier); Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Chloride/Sodium Carbonate (Mineral based cleaning agent)


Jackson Research Group
Bioinorganic & Bio-inspired Chemistry
Roughly a third of all enzymes require metals to perform their biological functions. Plants use a manganese enzyme to transform water into oxygen. Our bodies use iron enzymes to transport oxygen, break down toxic molecules, and perform a host of other functions.
The Jackson Lab’s research helps to understand the details of these bioinorganic reactions. Our lab also uses these biological processes to develop environmentally-friendly, bio-inspired reactions that could be useful to the chemical industry.
Nature uses metalloenzymes containing Mn, Fe, or Cu and oxidants such as molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to carry out remarkable oxidative transformations that are both vital for life and fascinating from a fundamental perspective. Such reactions also serve as inspiration for synthetic chemists, as catalytic processes that utilize earth-abundant metals are less expensive and more environmentally benign than conventional process that employ precious-metals. Our research focuses on using synthetic model complexes to understand the chemical reactions that are critical to the function of both metalloenzymes and earth-abundant metal catalysts. These reactions include activation of dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide and the cleavage of C-H and O-H bonds by high- and mid-valent metal-oxygen species. To achieve these goals, the Jackson lab uses a combination of i) synthetic and kinetic methods to generate and characterize the reactivity patterns of metal ion complexes, ii) detailed spectroscopic characterization of transition-metal species, and iii) computational chemistry. These combined efforts allow us to identify geometric and electronic properties of transition-metal complexes that influence chemical reactivity.
Spectroscopic methods used in our research include electronic absorption (UV-vis), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies. We also employ NMR methods to probe the solution structures of paramagnetic complexes. These tools are particularly powerful when used in conjunction with computational methods, as they permit the characterization of the geometric and electronic structures of fleeting intermediates too unstable to be characterized using standard crystallographic methods. Our lab also used kinetic studies to probe the reaction mechanisms of our complexes. By applying this three-pronged approach to bio-inspired transition-metal complexes, we gain detailed insight into how nature uses molecular oxygen and earth-abundant metals to oxidize substrates and apply this knowledge to develop transition metal complexes that can perform green oxidation reactions.
The Jackson lab has on-going collaborations with a variety of labs, where we bring our expertise in spectroscopic and computational methods to learn about the electronic structure and chemical reactivity of transition-metal complexes.
Josh Telser (Roosevelt University, Chicago): A variety of projects with Prof. Telser have focused on using unique spectroscopic methods and electronic structure computations to understand optical and magnetic properties of coordination complexes. Representative Publication
Dong Wang (University of Montana): Our collaboration with Prof. Wang’s lab is focused on the electronic structure and reactivity of Co complexes in unusually high oxidation states. While rare, high-valent Co complexes are presumed intermediates in a variety of Co catalysts. Representative Publication
Elodie Anxolabéhère-Mallart (Université Paris, Diderot): Our long-standing collaboration with Prof. Anxolabéhère-Mallart has entailed using electrochemical methods in the Anxolabéhère-Mallart to investigate the reactions of Mn(II) complexes with electrochemically-generated superoxide. These methods have permitted new understanding of the oxidation-reduction reactions of peroxomanganese(III) complexes. Such complexes are important intermediates in manganese enzymes and synthetic oxidation catalysts. Representative Publication
Carole Duboc (Univ. Grenoble Alpes): Our recent collaboration with Prof. Duboc’s lab is aimed at developing new transition-metal complexes that react with molecular oxygen.


Koa Organics Magnesium Oil with Lavender (100ml)
For Relaxation, Calm and Muscle Recovery
How to use it
Use Koa Organics Magnesium Oil with Lavender as a soothing spray balm for stiff and tight muscles, and abdominal discomfort.
Spray directly onto the skin (avoiding creases in joints) and rub in.
- up to 20 - 30 times per day for an adult
- up to 5 - 6 times per day for children
- water down for infants.
For external use only. Read label, use as directed.
Why buy it
- 100% natural, no added chemicals
- Contains magnesium chloride
- Contains lavender essential oil
- Uses organic ingredients
What's in it
Ingredients: Magnesium chloride, water, lavender essential oil


If crops could feel envy, it’d be for legumes. Bean plants have a superpower. Or more accurately, they share one. They’ve developed symbiotic relationships with bacteria that process atmospheric nitrogen into a form that’s usable for those plants—an essential element for building their tissues, photosynthesizing, and generally staying healthy. This is known as nitrogen fixation. If you look at a legume’s roots, you’ll see nodules that provide these nitrogen-fixing microbes with a home and food.
Other crops—cereals like wheat, rice, and corn—don’t have such a deep symbiotic relationship, so farmers have to use large amounts of fertilizer to get the plants the nitrogen they need. This is very expensive. And fertilizer production is not great for the environment. It’s not easy to turn atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen that plants can absorb on their own. “It takes a lot of energy and really high pressures and high temperatures,” says University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign plant biologist Angela Kent. “Bacteria do this at ambient temperatures and pressures, so they’re pretty special. While energy has been cheap, it’s been easy for us to overuse nitrogen fertilizers.”
Even worse, once it’s on fields, fertilizer spews nitrous oxide, which is 300 times as potent a greenhouse gas as carbon dioxide. Runoff from fields also pollutes water bodies, leading to toxic algal blooms. This is a particularly bad problem in the Midwest, where fertilizer empties into the Mississippi River and flows into the Gulf of Mexico, fueling massive blooms every summer. When those algae die, they suck the oxygen out of the water, killing any sea creatures unfortunate enough to be in the area and creating a notorious aquatic dead zone that can grow to be the size of New Jersey. Climate change is only exacerbating the problem, since warmer waters hold less oxygen to begin with.
Given all that nastiness, scientists have long been on a quest to reduce agriculture’s dependence on fertilizers by giving cereal crops their own nitrogen-fixing powers. And with the rise of gene-editing technology over the past few decades, that quest has been making progress. Last month, in the Plant Biotechnology Journal, researchers described a breakthrough with rice, engineering the plant to produce more compounds that encourage the growth of biofilms, which provide a cozy home for nitrogen-fixing bacteria, much like legumes provide nodules for their partner microbes.
“People for the last 30, 40 years have been trying to make cereals behave like legumes,” says Eduardo Blumwald, a plant biologist at the University of California, Davis who coauthored the new paper. “Evolution in that sense is very cruel. You cannot do in the lab what took millions and millions of years.”
So what’s with the evolutionary cruelty? Why can some plants—like, say aquatic ferns—fix nitrogen while others can’t?
It’s not that other species don’t get nitrogen at all. Cereal grasses use nitrogen that’s already in the soil—it comes from animal manure, as well as all the life churning in the dirt. (Lots of different bacterial groups process atmospheric nitrogen, not just the legumes’ symbionts.)


Nuytco’s second generation oxygen analyzer is microprocessor-based to ensure consistent calibration. Developed specifically for use in Nuytco submersibles and the Exosuit, the NEWTROX O2 Analyzer features: push and hold digital calibration (5 seconds); long operation on 9V alkaline battery (<600 hours); audible ‘beep’ for on, off and calibration complete; low battery indicator; large backlit display; cell check on power up (‘CELL BAD’ displayed when cell is nearing end of life); field-replaceable O2 cell (City Technology Divecel 3); rugged, water-resistant case, milled from aluminum and hard-anodized.
- 2.57" x 3.94" x 1.59"
- 9V Alkaline (<600hrs)
- Low battery indicator
- City Technology Divecel 3
- Cell-check on power-up
- 'CELL BAD' displayed when cell is nearing end of life
- Audible 'beep' for on, off and calibration complete
- Push and hold digital calibration (5 seconds)
- water-resistant, milled from aluminum and hard-anodized


A new drug company called BNS Ophthalmics (BNSO) – formed through a partnership of Israeli nanotechnology drug discovery and development company BioNanoSim and Greek pharmaceutical company Rafarm — will leverage nanotechnology to develop novel treatments for serious eye conditions.
Cofounded by Prof. Simon Benita and Yissum, the tech-transfer company of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, BNS’s first product under development is BNSO-1.
This nano formulation will allow the potent anti-inflammatory drug Tacrolimus – an unstable, water-insoluble drug that cannot permeate the cornea – to be applied in the eyes for treating a wide range of eye conditions.
BNSO is to initiate a phase I/IIA clinical study of BNSO-1 later this year in chronic anterior uveitis patients. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted orphan drug designation for this indication. If clinical results are positive, the company could be approved for an accelerated regulatory approval track.
Image - Courtesy of BNSO


Ensuring broad access to clean water is key to a healthy, thriving community. The Institute of Water and Environment’s Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) has been monitoring and improving water quality in the Florida Keys and across South Florida since 1995 through the Center’s Water Quality Monitoring Network (WQMN).
Most recently, Dr. Henry Briceño was awarded a grant of $425,000 to continue this effort into 2020. Over the last 25 years the Network has included sampling from Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, the Florida Keys and even Bermuda.
“This monitoring requires quite the team-work,” says Briceño when asked about the process of sampling.
All materials must be meticulously organized and labeled by senior laboratory technician, Sandro Stumpf and Marine Operations Technician, Breege Boyer before any of the 112 stations are sampled in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The water samples are then handed off to Pete Lorenzo – lab manager – and his technicians at the CAChE Nutrient Analysis Core Facility for examination. Finally, the data is ready for Boyer and Briceño to examine and evaluate.
In the newest installment of the project, Alejandro Torres, a CREST CAChE Computer Science student, and Dr. Leonardo Bobadilla are working to develop a water quality forecasting model for the Florida Keys using the existing Water Quality database.
This $425,000 grant is part of a now more than $1.7 million project funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the last three years, and allows the team of scientists to continue the decades-long project to help keep our Florida waters healthy for years to come.
Written By: Emma Odenweller


Our offered UPVC Reducer Brass Tee is extensively demanded in chemical, residential water supply, petrochemical, oil, gas and various other industries for pipe fitting applications to connect pipes by reducing their diameters. Our company is renowned as a reliable manufacturer and supplier of brass tee. We make use of superior UPVC and brass in manufacturing this product range as per the ASTM D-2467 (SCH-80) quality standards. UPVC Reducer Brass Tee can be availed to our prominent clients in various sizes, thicknesses and diameters (1/2" to 2") as per their industrial requirements.
Standard: as per ASTM D-2467(SCH-80)
Product: Reducer Brass Tee
Range: 1/2" to 2"


These LiFePO4 batteries weigh less than half of their Lead Acid counterparts. They may look fairly similar to lead acid batteries, but internally they’re a totally different, next generation concept. They’re actually made up of regular 18650 LiFePO4 cells, which are in mass production for many portable devices. An internal battery management system (BMS) ensures all cells are uniformly charged and discharged, as well as providing short circuit, over current, and reverse polarity protection. This provides you with a higher degree of protection than a traditional lead acid battery which is unprotected, and can discharge rapidly under short circuit conditions, causing fire and damage. The internal BMS will also limit discharge and manage cut-off voltage, to further protect the internal cells.


The definition of a filter bag is very straightforward. A filter bag is a fabric “bag” that filters the air passing through your dust collection system, preventing particulate matter and emissions from entering the environment. These products are essential in reducing your plant’s environmental impact and keeping you compliant with environmental regulations. This piece will outline how a baghouse works and what some of the most common materials used for filter bags are.
How Does a Filter Bag Work?
Inside pulse-jet baghouses, individual bags cover metal cages that maintain their shape and structure. Dirty air enters the chamber from the side of the baghouse and passes through the filter bags. The bags prevent any solid debris and detritus from moving through while allowing the clean air to move up through the bag and exit the baghouse at the top. Debris falls off the bags to the bottom of the baghouse, where it is collected and disposed of.
During operation, dirt cakes up on the outside of the filter bags and is cleaned off using compressed air. Short bursts of compressed air blow through the bags, freeing accumulated dirt where it falls into the collection area at the bottom. Over time, the particulate buildup is too much for the pulse jets to shake free and the bag becomes blinded, meaning it no longer operates optimally and should be replaced.
Types of Filter Bags
The different types of filter bag materials affect the performance and characteristics of the bags, from maximum operating temperature to abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, reaction to moisture, and more. Here are some commonly used filter bag materials and their related properties.
Polypropylene is a standard filter bag material because of its excellent abrasion resistance. Additionally, polypropylene filters are well-suited to moist air filtering and have excellent resistance to alkalis and acids. However, the biggest shortcoming of polypropylene bags is that they have a low maximum operating temperature of around 170 degrees Fahrenheit (77 degrees Celsius), limiting the range of applications they are well-suited for.
Acrylic filter bags have some pros and cons related to the first material on our list. First, acrylic bags have a maximum operating temperature of around 265°F (130°C), making them better suited for high-temperature applications. However, that increase in temperature is a trade-off for a slight decrease in abrasion resistance and chemical compatibility.
Aramid, short for aromatic polyamide, is a class of strong, heat-resistant synthetic fibers. Most people would recognize Aramid by the brand name Kevlar®. Filter bags made from this material are very abrasion resistant and can operate at consistent temperatures around 400°F (204°C).
Fiberglass is a material that can withstand high temperatures, operating around 500°F (260°C), almost triple the operating temperature of polypropylene filter bags. This heat resistance widely expands the applications for fiberglass bags. Unfortunately, fiberglass is not very durable and has a lower resistance to abrasion than other entries on this list. Additionally, fiberglass does not work particularly well with alkalis or acids. Chemical-resistant finishes can increase fiberglass filter bag performance but also increase the cost.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known by the brand name TeflonTM, is a synthetic polymer that can increase the performance of filter bags. A PTFE membrane on the exterior of felt or needled polyester bags offers additional performance benefits. The surface of the PTFE membrane has microscopic holes that allow air to pass through. Some PTFE filter bags can reach a high of 99.999% efficiency.
PTFE has a very low coefficient of friction, meaning it can decrease the amount of caking on the bag’s exterior, reducing the frequency of cleaning required. In addition, the compressed air used during cleaning causes wear and tear on the bags, so reducing the cleaning frequency increases the lifetime of the filter bag. This property makes this type of bag great for applications that have sticky or tacky dust.
It’s no shock that a premium price tag goes hand-in-hand with the premium performance of PTFE filter bags. At Baghouse America, we believe in improving the quality of the air we breathe and forging lasting, authentic relationships with our customers. To that end, we include PTFE filter bags with the setup of any new baghouse system at no additional cost.
We love to talk shop – let’s set up a time to chat about filter bags and baghouses and how our team can help you get the most from your system. We understand that each client is unique and needs unique solutions to their filtration challenges.
We are leading the way to zero emissions, and we would love to help your company reach its emission targets and help everyone breathe easier.


Trying to make heads or tails of the word and the subject of "hypereutectic" is no easy matter. Our article on piston alloys covers the subject of how Primary Silicon is Formed, and our article on Heat Treat,relates how the alloy strength is increased with the T6 Heat Treatment. This page is intended to give you a visual idea of what the 390 alloy looks like under a microscope.
The dark particles distributed throughout this photo (fig. 1), are primary silicon. These particles form when the silicon in the metal exceeds 12%. Primary silicon particles represent 4 - 6% of the total piston.The key to the successful use of the 390 alloy is to keep the particles small and well distributed. This is accomplished with modern foundry practice and mold design. The largest particles in the photographs, (fig. 1 and fig. 3), are about four ten thousandths of an inch in length and are so hard diamond tooling is required to machine the alloy.
The gray mottled area in the photo, (fig. 1), is base metal alloy that makes up the balance of the piston. The silicon in the base metal is dissolved with aluminum to form a 12% silicon/aluminum solution. This base metal is eutectic, (u-tec-tic), aluminum, (fig. 2)..
The bottom line is that the structure of 390 alloy gives superior wear resistance, 15% less thermal expansion and increased thermal barrier properties. KB Performance Pistons are designed around our hypereutectic alloy. The characteristics of the 390 alloy, combined with modern permanent mold process, gives design freedom for a superior product, the KB Performance Pistons from United Engine & Machine Company.


Green Armour Technologies of WNY, a Snyder-based company specializing in air and water purification systems for residential and commercial use, green laundry products and nutraceuticals for a healthier lifestyle, will offer a free 360 Degree Health & Wellness Seminar on Thursday, June 14. All attendees will receive a free FreshAir Focus (while supplies last), a unique plug-in product that naturally removes airborne contaminants and allergens while also freshening the air.
The seminar will take place from 6:30 to 8:15 p.m. June 14 in the Hampton Inn and Suites Buffalo Airport, 133 Buell Ave. (off Genesee Street), Cheektowaga. Attendees will learn about FreshAir, LivingWater, LaundryPure and Essentials for Life products.
“When we think about being exposed to toxic chemicals, we often think of huge smokestacks spewing black smoke and garbage-laden beaches. We don’t usually think of our homes and offices,” said Brian Ellsworth, owner of Green Armour Technologies. “The truth is that the average American spends nearly 90 percent of their time indoors these days. The air in the average home contains over 63 synthetic toxins, mold, bacteria, viruses and fumes from off-gassing paint, furniture and building materials. The water coming from our taps contains many dangerous chemicals, compounds and metals as well. The products that we use to clean our homes and offices and the personal care products that we put on our skin contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Come and learn how you can easily protect yourself and your family from these health-damaging environmental toxins!”
Space at the health seminar is limited! To reserve your place, please contact Ellsworth at (716) 881-2345 or firstname.lastname@example.org.
To learn more about Green Armour Technologies of WNY, please visit greentechwny.com or follow the company on Facebook at www.facebook.com/Green-Armour-Technologies-of-WNY-441391392720079/. To view a brief video about the ActivePure technology used in FreshAir products, please visit www.activepurepro.com.


Btk – Bacterial Insecticide Fact Sheet Actual name -
- Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki or Btk
- Biological pesticide, a type of pesticide derived from natural materials such as plants or bacteria. Bt is a naturally occurring soil bacteria.
- Gypsy moth caterpillars must eat Btk for it to be effictive because it interferes with the digestion system. The active ingredient is a crystal protein toxin formed by the bacteria. The alkaline gut and enzimes that only caterpillars have activate the toxin that kills the cells lining, stopping the caterpillar from feeding and dies withing 2 to 5 days. This alkaline condition is not present in the stomachs of humans,birds, or fish and other animals.
- Btk is cultured using water and nutrients such as sugars and starches, in a fermenting process similar to brewing beer. The final product contains almost all water, the leftover growth medium, carbohydrates, inert ingredients that are approved as food additives, and the active ingredient.
- Different strains of Bt affect different insects. Btk has no effect on humans, pets birds, fish, livestock, honey bees or other wildlife. Btk is so specific to only certain moth and butterflies that is is an approved control product for use by certified organic garners.
- As with the application of any control product, people, pets or domestic animals with known respiratory ailments or other health concerns my wish to avoid exposure by staying indoors during the spray operation and until the Btk product is dry (usually a few hours).
- The Btk applied in a spray does not multiply or accumulate in the environment.
- 1/2 Gallon per Acre
- After all caterpillars have hatched.
- Most effective when caterpillars are young and have a gut lining thin enough for the Btk toxin to punch holes in it. Once the larvae have gotten larger than 5/8-inch long, they are rather difficult to kill.
- Mid—to late –May or early June
- Breaks down in sunlight within seven days
- Highly effective: nearly 80% mortality of gypsy moth caterpillars in treated areas
- Highly effective with high gypsy moth caterpillar populations
- Readily available
- Known to be toxic to feeding caterpillars of moths and butterflies and is safe to humans, birds, fish, pets, beneficial insects and other non-target organisms
Foray 48B Product Label
Foray 48B is OMRI Listed
Foray 48B Safety Data Sheet


HUSKEY 350 SILICONE GREASE is a non-hardening and non-carbonizing silicone lubricant with excellent dielectric properties, plus both physical and thermal stability. It is insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acids and caustics, vegetable and mineral oils, glycol, and glycerine. It is excellent for applications that require temperature and mechanical stability which include fire extinguishers, water faucet valves, water softener valves, lock mechanisms, flow meter bearings, electrical assemblies, and terminals, etc.
HUSKEY 350 SILICONE GREASE
Crescent M Halal


Piglou lilac glitter is a water-based nail polish from Nailmatic that has been especially formulated for children! The paint works like magic- It’s easy to apply and disappears with warm soapy water or in the bath. It’s phthalate-free, formaldehyde-free, toluene-free and fragrance-free.
- Does not stain
- Dermatologically tested
- Design co-created with OMY
- Made in France
- Ingredients: AQUA (WATER), SODIUM STYRENE/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER, PPG-3 METHYL ETHER, SYNTHETIC FLUORPHLOGOPITE, PHENOXYETHANOL, DISILOXANE, SODIUM BICARBONATE, HECTORITE, SODIUM DEHYDROACETATE, PEG-12 DIMETHICONE, PROPYLENE GLYCOL, PPG-2 METHYL ETHER, PEG-150/DECYL ALCOHOL/SMDI COPOLYMER, POTASSIUM SULFATE, ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, PEG-40 CASTOR OIL, T-BUTYL ALCOHOL, STYRENE/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER, ISOOCTANOL, BENTONITE, PPG-30 BUTYL ETHER, AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL, SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE, TOCOPHEROL, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 77007 (ULTRAMARINE), CI 73360 (RED 30 LAKE), TIN OXIDE.


Hach 2100 Series Laboratory Turbidimeters are engineered to provide superior accuracy and sensitivity in any application. The 2100AN is equipped with a stable halogen-filled tungsten filament lamp to meet the reporting requirements of EPA Method 180.1. This model is ideal for testing higher ranges of turbidity up to 10,000 NTU. Additional absorbance, transmittance, and color measurement modes make the 2100AN the most flexible of any Hach benchtop turbidimeter.
Ratio technology provides highly accurate results
One keystroke initiates ratio measurement and activates an array of detectors in addition to the 90-degree nephelometric detector. Ratio measurement corrects for color interference, enhances calibration stability, and allows the measurement of turbidity at levels greater than 1000 NTU.
Interchangeable color filters provide ultimate flexibility
A variety of filter module assemblies are available to select the wavelength of light used for measuring samples. The instrument is supplied with an EPA filter assembly for turbidity measurement and a 455 nm filter assembly for use in APHA Pt-Co color measurement. Additional filter assemblies, including an 860 nm option for ISO 7027 compliance, are available as optional accessories for custom applications.
Optional cell adapters of the 2100AN Turbidimeter allow measurement of smaller sample volumes
Measure samples as small as 2.5 mL with Hach bencthop turbidimeters. Use the Application Specific Calibration ability of the instrument to provide direct reading of results with 12, 13, 16, or 19 mm sample vials. Small diameter sample cells are useful when only a small quantity of sample is available, the sample to be measured is ampuled and cannot be opened, or the sample is too turbid to be measured with the standard sample cell without dilution.
Built-in printer provides a record of calibration and measurement data
On-board printer saves bench space. Print interval feature automatically prints a displayed reading at selected print intervals.
Air purge prevents condensation in the sample chamber of the 2100AN
Measure cold and hot samples. A built-in connection is provided to purge the sample compartment with dry air to prevent light scattering caused by condensation.


Pharmacological properties pharmacodynamics. Mechanism of action. Sildenafil is an oral medication that is intended for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. During sexual arousal, the drug renews reduced erectile function by increasing blood flow to the penis. The physiological mechanism of penile erection consists in the release of nitric oxide (NO) in the cavernous body during sexual stimulation.
The released nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase, which stimulates an increase in the level of cGMP, which, in turn, causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the cavernous body, contributing to increased blood flow. Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) in the cavernous body, where PDE-5 is responsible for the breakdown of cGMP. The effects of sildenafil on erection are peripheral in nature. Sildenafil does not have a direct relaxing effect on the isolated human cavernous body, but it powerfully enhances the relaxing effect of NO on this tissue. When the NO/cGMP metabolic pathway is activated, which occurs during sexual stimulation, sildenafil inhibition of PDE-5 leads to an increase in cGMP levels in the cavernous body. Thus, in order for sildenafil to cause the necessary pharmacological effect, sexual arousal is necessary. Influence on pharmacodynamics. In vitro studies have demonstrated the selectivity of the effect of sildenafil on PDE-5, which takes an active part in the erection process. The effect of sildenafil on PDE-5 is more powerful than on other known PDEs.
This effect is 10 times more powerful than the effect on PDE-6, which takes part in the processes of phototransformation in the retina. When using the maximum recommended doses, the selectivity of sildenafil to PDE-5 is 80 times higher than its selectivity to PDE-1, 700 times higher than to PDE-2, PDE-3, PDE-4, PDE-7, PDE-8, PDE-9, PDE-10 and PDE-11. In particular, the selectivity of sildenafil to PDE-5 is 4000 times higher than its selectivity to PDE-3 — cGMP-specific isoform of PDE, which participates in the regulation of heart contractions. Pharmacokinetics Absorption. Sildenafil is rapidly absorbed.
Cmax of the drug in blood plasma is reached for 30-120 minutes (with a median of 60 minutes) after its oral administration on an empty stomach. The average absolute bioavailability after oral administration is 41% (with a range of values of 25-63%). In the recommended dose range (25-100 mg), the AUC and Cmax values of sildenafil after oral administration increase proportionally to the dose. When using sildenafil during meals, the degree of absorption decreases with an average lengthening of Tmax to 60 minutes and an average decrease in Cmax by 29%. Distribution. The average equilibrium volume of distribution (Vd) is 105 liters, which indicates the distribution of the drug in the tissues of the body. After a single oral administration of sildenafil at a dose of 100 mg, the average Cmax of sildenafil is about 440 ng / ml (the coefficient of variation is 40%). Since the binding of sildenafil and its main N-desmethyl metabolite to plasma proteins reaches 96%, the average Cmax of free sildenafil reaches 18 ng/ml (38 nmol). The degree of binding to plasma proteins does not depend on the total concentrations of sildenafil. In healthy volunteers who used sildenafil once at a dose of 100 mg, after 90 minutes, < 0.0002% (on average — 188 ng) of the applied dose was determined in the ejaculate. Biotransformation.
Sildenafil metabolism is carried out mainly with the participation of microsomal liver isoenzymes CYP 3A4 (main pathway) and CYP 2C9 (secondary pathway). The main circulating metabolite is formed by N-demethylation of sildenafil. The selectivity of the metabolite with respect to PDE-5 is comparable to the selectivity of sildenafil, and the activity of the metabolite with respect to PDE-5 is approximately 50% of the activity of the starting substance. The concentrations of this metabolite in blood plasma are approximately 40% of the concentrations of sildenafil in blood plasma. The N-demethylated metabolite undergoes further metabolism, and the T-half is approximately 4 hours. Elimination.
The total clearance of sildenafil is 41 l/h, predestining a Half-life of 3-5 hours. Both after oral and after intravenous administration, the excretion of sildenafil in the form of metabolites is carried out mainly with feces (about 80% of the administered oral dose) and to a lesser extent with urine (about 13% of the administered oral dose). Pharmacokinetics in special groups of patients Elderly patients. In healthy elderly volunteers (aged ≥65 years) there was a decrease in the clearance of sildenafil, which predetermined an increase in plasma concentrations of sildenafil and its active N-demethylated metabolite by approximately 90% compared with the corresponding concentrations in healthy young volunteers (18-45 years). Due to age differences in binding to plasma proteins, the corresponding increase in the plasma concentration of free sildenafil was about 40%.
Kidney failure. In volunteers with mild to moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance — 30-80 ml / min), the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil remained unchanged after its single oral administration at a dose of 50 mg. The average AUC and Cmax of the N-demethylated metabolite increased by 126 and 73%, respectively, compared with such indicators in volunteers of the same age without impaired renal function. However, due to the high interindividual variability, these differences were not statistically significant. In volunteers with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min), sildenafil clearance decreased, which led to average increases in AUC and Cmax by 100 and 88%, respectively, compared with volunteers of the same age without renal impairment. In addition, the AUC and Cmax values of the N-demethylated metabolite were significantly increased by 200 and 79%, respectively. Liver failure. In volunteers with mild and moderate cirrhosis of the liver (classes A and B according to the Child-Pugh classification), the clearance of sildenafil decreased, which led to an increase in AUC (84%) and Cmax (47%) compared with volunteers of the same age without liver dysfunction.
The pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in patients with severe hepatic impairment has not been studied. Indications Viagra The drug Viagra is recommended for men with erectile dysfunction, which is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain an erection of the penis necessary for successful sexual intercourse. Sexual arousal is necessary for the effective action of the drug Viagra. The use of Viagra Viagra. The drug is intended for oral administration. Viagra ODT. The drug is administered orally. The drug should be used immediately after the tablet has been removed from the blister. The tablet should be put on the tongue, wait for its disintegration, and then swallow. The drug can be taken with or without water. If it is necessary to apply a dose of 100 mg, the second tablet should be taken only after the complete disintegration of the first tablet. It is recommended to use the drug on an empty stomach, since when using the drug simultaneously with fatty foods, there is a significant delay in absorption compared to using tablets on an empty stomach. Viagra and Viagra ODT. Adults. The recommended dose for adults is 50 mg, which is taken as needed approximately 1 hour before sexual intercourse.
Considering the efficacy and tolerability, the dose can be increased to 100 mg or reduced to 25 mg. The maximum recommended dose is 100 mg. The frequency of use of the maximum recommended dose of the drug is 1 time per day. When using the drug Viagra during a meal, the effect of the drug may occur later than when it is used on an empty stomach. If it is necessary to apply a dose of 25 mg, it is recommended to use sildenafil, film-coated tablets of 25 mg. Elderly patients. The need for dose adjustment in elderly patients (≥65 years) absent. Patients with renal insufficiency. In patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 30-80 ml/min), the recommended dose is the same as indicated above in the "Adults" section. Since sildenafil clearance is reduced in patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <30 ml / min), the use of the drug should begin with a dose of 25 mg. Depending on the efficacy and tolerability of the drug, the dose can be increased to 50 and 100 mg.
Patients with hepatic insufficiency. Since sildenafil clearance is reduced in patients with hepatic insufficiency, for example, with cirrhosis, the use of the drug should begin with a dose of 25 mg. Depending on the efficacy and tolerability of the drug, the dose can be increased to 50 and 100 mg. Patients using other types of treatment. If patients simultaneously use CYP 3A4 inhibitors (see INTERACTIONS), the possibility of using an initial dose of 25 mg should be considered . In order to minimize the risk of orthostatic hypotension, the condition of patients using alpha-adrenergic blockers should be stabilized before the use of sildenafil. The possibility of using an initial dose of sildenafil 25 mg should also be considered .
Contraindications hypersensitivity to the active substance or any other component of the drug. Simultaneous use with NO donors (such as amyl nitrite) or nitrates in any form is contraindicated, since it is known that sildenafil affects the pathways of NO/cGMP metabolism and potentiates the hypotensive effect of nitrates. Simultaneous use of PDE-5 inhibitors (including sildenafil) it is contraindicated with guanylate cyclase stimulants, such as riociguate, since it can cause symptomatic hypotension (see INTERACTIONS).


Insect repellents work by either blocking the cues that identify the wearer as a potential blood meal or providing an odour that overrides that of the your natural scent. There are a wide range
of repellents available, broadly categorized as either synthetic or botanical in nature.
The most effective and widely used repellent internationally is DEET (diethyltoluamide). Developed by the United States Army in the 1950s, DEET is now used by many millions
of people around the world and is available in a wide range of application formulations (e.g. roll-ons, lotions, aerosols, pump-sprays and wipes) and concentrations.
Generally, repellents containing less than 10% DEET will offer up to two hours’ protection from mosquitoes. Repellents that contain up to 80% DEET are more suitable for long periods of exposure to mosquitoes in areas of endemic vector-borne disease.
Picaridin is another widely available active ingredient found in commercial insect repellents in Australia. This product was developed more recently, is generally thought to have a more pleasant scent than DEET and has lower toxicity to humans (making it more appropriate for use on children). Scientific studies have shown that this product is equally effective at
preventing insect bites as DEET.
There are a large number of plants whose essential oils or extracts may provide protection against biting insects. The most common products come from strongly aromatic plants, such as eucalyptus or teatree, and commercial products often contain a blend of extracts. Many scientific studies have compared botanical and synthetic repellents and, although botanical products may provide some protection, products such as DEET and picaridin provide substantially greater and longer term protection, even at low concentrations. Some natural products offer protection for only a few minutes, leaving users unprotected and exposed to disease-carrying vectors.
However, research on repellents with botanical-based active ingredients is continuing and these products may be useful under some circumstances.
Coils, sticks and other gadgets
Burning plant material to repel biting insects has been used by many cultures for thousands of years. Today, the tradition continues in the form of mosquito coils and sticks. The mosquito coil is the most popular form of personal protection from biting insects over the past 100 years. These devices are made of materials impregnated with insecticide (e.g. synthetic pyrethroids, such as allethrin) that burn slowly (some coils burn for up to eight hours) and may provide up to 80% protection. Some formulations are also available with botanical active ingredients, but these
are generally less effective. Coils are cheap to produce and easy to operate, although the smoke produced may present a health risk when used indoors. There is also a number of electronic units available (for both indoor and outdoor use) that release insecticides from slow-release mats or liquids. These units can be very effective, as the pyrethroids kill mosquitoes rather than
simply repelling them.
A wide range of products claim to repel biting insects in formulations other than topical repellents. Products containing synthetic or botanical active ingredients can include patches and wrist bands that claim to provide a degree of protection. However, scientific studies have shown that these products offer substantially less protection than topical repellents.
All repellents used in Australia, whether synthetic or botanical, must by law be registered with the APVMA and the approval number must be listed on the label. There is often a perception that synthetic repellents, such as DEET, are unsafe. However, despite the widespread use of DEET-based products internationally, there are very few cases of adverse reactions. Most of these cases involve serious misuse, most commonly applying too much of the product (especially on young children), eating it or exposing the eyes to the product. Botanical-based products can
also cause irritation. The risk of an adverse reaction from using a repellent is very low and failing to use repellents in some locations will almost certainly result in insect bites and the real possibility of acquiring an infectious disease. Regardless of the active ingredient, all repellents should be applied according to the instructions on the label.


Oncology Main Article
Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise
The mission of Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise is to leverage our world-class, innovative science and push beyond traditional thinking in order to create meaningful treatments for patients with cancer. We are dedicated to transforming science into value for patients, and this sense of obligation informs everything we do.
World-Class Science Organization
The Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise is committed to becoming a world-class science organization. Our team’s exceptional scientific attitude results in outstanding medicinal chemistry, antibody engineering and discovery biology.
Dynamic and Sustainable R&D Engine
The oncology portfolio of Daiichi Sankyo is powered by our research engines:
- Biologics, medicinal chemistry, modality, and other research laboratories in Japan
- Plexxikon Inc. – our small molecule structure-guided R&D center in Berkeley, California
“3 and Alpha” R&D Strategy
Anchored by our DXd antibody drug conjugate (ADC) technology, our obligation is to harness the power of true innovation to discover and develop innovative first-in-class and best-in-class treatments that transform the standard of care for patients with cancer.
Enhanced Capabilities Through Collaboration
To complement and expand our premier cadre of internal scientists, we are collaborating with leading academic and business partners to leverage cutting-edge science in new treatment modalities, disease biology, diagnostics and pipeline prioritization.
To learn more about Daiichi Sankyo Cancer Enterprise, click here.


I wrote the bulk of this post on January 5th, when I actually made the soap, but I wanted to wait until I knew whether or not the stuff was worth a toss before I went and gave out the recipe. I finally used a bar of it a few nights ago and it works just fine and dandy. No weird smell, no slime. Doesn’t lather as much as I’d hoped, but it got my hands nice and clean. Next time I should use more lye. (For the record, those are Matt’s meaty mitts in the pictures, not mine!)
I have always wanted to make soap – but I have always been terrified of lye. A lifetime of reading books and articles on home soap making, with their dire warnings, and about a hundred viewings of Fight Club put a terror of chemical burns in my brain.
Well, consider that fear conquered. With enough vinegar you can kill anything, and apparently having two and a half gallons on hand will kill one’s fear of sodium hydroxide. As Matt has said many a time: “People have been making soap for millennia. It can’t be that hard.”
I found some very simple, straightforward, and well-researched instructions on a website called Preparedness1.com and followed the instructions, using my thrice-filtered used canola cooking oil, filtered tap water, and lye. There were no poison gas clouds, no burning flesh, no scorch marks on my kitchen, and I didn’t cry. (I will admit to doing the panic dance once or twice, very briefly.)
I recommend reading the “Homemade Soap” page on Preparedness1.com, but here’s the rundown of what I did:
- Weigh the fat you want to use. I found 2 pounds to be about the amount I felt comfortable sloshing around.
- Consult the handy Lye to Fat Ratio Table on Preparedness1.com to determine how much water and lye you will need to saponify (essentially, to “soapify”) your fat.
- Pour your lye slowly into your water in non-metallic and sturdy container. Not the other way around! I’ve heard some scary stories about what happens if you put water into lye instead of the other way around. It will rapidly heat up and give off stinky steam you don’t want to breathe. Stir (with a wooden or plastic spoon) until it’s clear and let it cool to about 85ºF.
- Heat your oil to about the same temperature, in a non-reactive container. The only metal you can use is stainless steel.
- Slowly drizzle the water/lye mixture into the oil, while stirring.
- Stir, stir, stir. Everyone recommends a stick blender for this part because it can shorten your stirring time from an hour to a few minutes depending on your ingredients. I used a stick blender and it took about half an hour for my ingredients to reach the mystical “trace” stage. (Fats and oils that are liquid at room temperature take longer to saponify than those that are hard at room temperature.) At this point your mixture is the consistency of soft-set pudding and when you pull the spoon out the liquid that sheets off of it leaves a trace on the surface before it is reabsorbed. Add whatever smelly stuff you want now.
- Pour into non-reactive molds and put them out of the way for a few days.
- No one ever explains how to clean up the large and hazardous mess you’re left with at this point! No one! No one, that is, but me. Common sense told me to wipe everything down with vinegar, which neutralizes the lye – and I do mean everything, even stuff you’re putting it he garbage can, so that it doesn’t go nuclear and eat through the bottom of the can. That done, cleanup was no more thrilling than any other sinkful of dishes or splattered cooktop.
- It takes anywhere from one to five days for saponification to be truly complete. When your soap feels nice and hard it is fully saponified and you can unmold it and, if necessary, cut it into bars. Leave the soap alone for another two weeks minimum, to cure (that is, for all the water to evaporate so that the soap doesn’t turn back to mush when you try to use it). Many soapmakers recommend curing for 4-6 weeks before using your soap on your body.
Before adding the lye my oil smelled like oil. Nothing exciting, nothing rancid, no food odors. After saponification there was the faintest whiff of hashbrowns, so I added just a few drops of essential oil to take the edge off. After curing I couldn’t smell either hashbrowns or essential oil.
This solves a rag and bone dilemma for us: what to do with all that used cooking oil? It’s nowhere near enough to bother with making biodiesel but I can’t fathom tossing it. Now we can reuse it!
The pigs were slaughtered on Saturday so we should be getting the fresh (non-smoked) cuts back in a few days. Like last year, I asked to keep the lard. We didn’t much of a kick out of cooking with lard, but I have heard it makes some spanky soap!


Price: ₹ 832.00
(as of Feb 08,2023 13:03:40 UTC – Details)
Chemistry is often considered to be a tough subject for students all over the world. Many get lost in the intricacies of balancing an equation and finding an element on the periodic table. Inorganic chemistry is particularly difficult for students as it involves a lot of elements and the theoretical information can be overwhelming for many students. To overcome all these problems, one should consider Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D. Lee
Concise Inorganic Chemistry
Concise Inorganic Chemistry is ideal for all those students who are looking to study Inorganic chemistry in much more detail and understand the basics of each and every concept thoroughly. It is not just a collection of theoretical text; rather information given in the book is backed by proper reasoning or experiments. Full effort has been made to keep the language as simple as possible, so that it can be of use to all. This book is designed in such a way that it caters to all the questions that a student may have from inorganic chemistry. The book is divided into six parts so that the readers find it easy to locate their answers. Special attention has been given to the different blocks of the periodic table, so there are parts such as s-block, p-block and other bocks as well, hydrogen and other topics. It is continuously updated keeping in mind the latest changes in syllabus and any addition that has been made recently in the syllabus is reflected in this 5th edition. It is an ideal book for students preparing for competitive examinations.
About the Author
the book has been compiled and written by J.D. Lee and has been published by Oxford Publications. J.D. Lee is one of the most famous academicians for inorganic chemistry in the world and has been in this field for decades now. His thorough understanding of the subject makes this book a one stop solution for all the questions related to Inorganic Chemistry.
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Hardware Shop of Abinsk Electric Steel Works tested a membrane complex for acid recovering. The innovation was developed jointly with chemists from the Kuban State University.
The complex is based on a hybrid membrane technology for processing acid-containing waste. After being put into operation, it will solve the problem of acid waste treatment, reduce the cost of purchasing materials for the production of hardware products. In addition, the innovation will significantly reduce the environmental burden on the environment.
The second testing stage is to be performed this year. It includes pilot testing of a modernized sulfuric and hydrochloric acid recovery unit, as well as the manufacture and commissioning of the plant to filter acids from stearate lubricant. The said innovative technology will be replicated throughout Russia as soon as the testing is completed.