This weekend, my goal was to get the vegetable garden in shape for planting. It is still too early to plant anything (growing season begins April 15th-ish in TN), but preparing the soil is key for the success of a good crop. Over the past couple of weekends I got out there and pulled every single weed, making sure there were no roots left in the soil. This may seem counter intuitive when much of it will be dug up anyway, but I believe starting with a clean slate is the way to go. Robins were scurrying back and forth on the soil near where I was weeding, having the time of their lives, snatching up the worms that came to the surface. Occasionally the bird would abruptly stop, tilt it's head toward the ground, and peck victoriously at a substantially juicy one. I love seeing worms in the garden, a sure sign the soil is in good health. A very exciting development is that the asparagus is starting to peek out of the ground!
Once everything was weeded, I went over the beds with a rake to break up the soil and ready it for a good sprinkling of lime. The lime acts as a neutralizer since most vegetable plants prefer growing conditions that tend toward alkaline. After that, I added 25 bags of compost with manure. I've done this every year since I started the garden and I believe it's the way to go. Since the soil here in TN is clay, just adding compost will only aid in texture, but not necessarily nutrients. I'm not a huge fan of synthetic fertilizers and chemicals, so the manure is an excellent natural fertilizer. I also add coffee grounds, egg shells, and other organic matter throughout the season, which is especially beneficial for the tomatoes which need calcium.
This year for the first time I am not going to till. Last year I was overwhelmed by the amount of weeds. I absolutely could not keep them under control and I want to see if not tilling will help with weed control since old dormant seeds will not be brought to the surface. Also, this method of growing is supposed to help with water retention.
Eventually, I'll be buying a couple bales of straw to completely cover the soil before planting. This is a really effective way of keeping weeds at bay, retaining moisture, and adding nitrogen to the soil.
The flower beds were cleaned of leaves and debris, and the perennial bed is ready to go.
Spring bulbs are starting to pop up everywhere, which is a cheerful and lovely reminder that after the misery of winter, beauty shall prevail.
List of tasks accomplished in the month of March:
- Trimming of flowering trees (purple leaf plums)
- Pruning of all shrubs like holly, rose of sharon, heavenly bamboo, etc.
- Prune apple trees
- Clean all garden beds of dead leaves and debris
- Trim roses and treat with dormant oil or Bayer before leaves start to sprout
- Trim lyriope, prune butterfly bushes, and remove dead leaves from daylily plants
- Move perennials that need to be split or relocated
- Prepare vegetable garden by weeding, liming, and adding soil amendments
- Start basil seeds indoors
- Add mulch around tree bases and touch up areas in the flower beds that need an extra layer
- Thin out bamboo by cutting new shoots and removing dead ones


Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection of the gums surrounding your teeth. Gum disease is one of the top reasons for tooth loss in adults, and because it is virtually pain-free, many patients do not know they have the disease. During each regular checkup, your dentist will check for signs of periodontal disease by measuring the space between your teeth and gums.
What causes gum disease?
Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque (a sticky form of bacteria that forms on the teeth). If the plaque is not removed (by flossing, brushing, and regular dental checkups), it will continue to build up and create toxins that can damage the gums. Periodontal disease forms just below the gum line and creates small pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. Periodontal disease has two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
- Gingivitis — This is the early stage of gum disease, when the gums become red and swollen, and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is treatable and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing and flossing.
- Periodontitis — If left untreated, gingivitis will advance into periodontitis, and the gums and bone that support the teeth will become seriously and irreversibly damaged. Gums infected with periodontitis can cause teeth to become loose, fall out, or be removed by a dentist.
Certain factors can increase a patient's risk of developing periodontal disease, including:
- Smoking or using chewing tobacco
- Certain types of medication such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
- Bridges that no longer fit properly
- Crooked teeth
- Old fillings
While it is possible to have periodontal disease and not know it, some symptoms can include:
- Gums that bleed easily
- Red, swollen, tender gums
- Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
- Persistent bad breath or bad taste
- Pus between your teeth and gums
- Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
- Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
- Any change in the fit of partial dentures
Treating Gum Disease
Treatments for gum disease can vary depending on the severity of each individual case. Typical treatments include:
- Non-surgical treatments such as at-home periodontal trays, and scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
- Periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
- Dental implants
Preventing Gum Disease
Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are important for maintaining your health and the health of your smile. You don't have to lose teeth to periodontal disease, and by practicing good oral hygiene at home, you can significantly reduce your chances of ever getting gum disease. Remember to brush regularly, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits to help keep your smile healthy.
Gum Disease and Overall Health
Advanced, untreated gum disease degrades the tissues and bone structures surrounding the teeth and very often causes tooth loss. But the effects of gum disease can be felt well beyond the mouth and jaw. Research links gum disease to a variety of systemic conditions that affect overall health, including heart disease, diabetes and osteoporosis. We refer to this as the mouth-body connection.
In some cases gum disease can cause problems in other parts of the body, while in other instances conditions seemingly unrelated to the mouth can contribute to the development or advancement of gum disease.
It's important to let us and your general dentist know about any illnesses or conditions you are experiencing. An awareness of difficulties outside your mouth can help us treat certain problems related to your teeth and gums. In turn, we may be able to identify diseases affecting other areas of your body based on the symptoms we observe inside your mouth. Following is a list of conditions known to be related to gum disease.
If you have diabetes, it is especially important to take good care of your teeth and gums, as gum disease and diabetes can affect each other adversely. Diabetes can disrupt the immune system's ability to fight infection, making diabetics more susceptible to gum disease, which is essentially an infection of the tissue surrounding the teeth. And advanced gum disease can boost the level of blood sugar in the body, further complicating diabetes.
Heart Disease and Stroke
The American Academy of Periodontology cites research indicating that people with gum disease are nearly twice as likely to suffer from coronary artery (heart) disease as those without gum disease. Currently the actual link between the two diseases is not entirely clear, though some scientists believe that bacteria from the mouth travels through the blood stream to affect the arteries in the heart. Other research points to a link between gum disease and stroke, with one study finding higher instances of oral infection in a group of stroke survivors than in a control group.
In a normal body, bone growth slows over time, and due to age and other circumstances, bone density decreases. But in people with osteoporosis, bones are weakened to the point that they are fragile enough to fracture easily and frequently. Although we most commonly hear of hip or back fractures, all bones are affected, including the jaw. A jaw with decreased bone density can't support the teeth as well as a healthy jaw, which leaves those suffering from both gum disease and osteoporosis with a heightened risk of tooth loss. If you think you might be at risk for osteoporosis, talk to your doctor about having a bone density test. If this condition is identified early enough, treatment can help.
Research indicates that bacteria from the mouth — including those present in someone suffering from gum disease — can be inhaled down into the lungs, leading to respiratory diseases such as pneumonia. Smoking is a primary cause of respiratory diseases and it is also a risk factor in gum disease. Quitting smoking can improve your health in myriad ways. Please get in touch with us or your general dentist if you are looking for help with kicking the habit.
During pregnancy and other phases of increased hormone levels (puberty, menstrual cycle, menopause) the risk of oral health problems is higher than normal, due to increased gum sensitivity. Some studies have linked gum disease to low birth weight and premature labor. If you are planning to become pregnant, be sure to assess your oral health first and begin treatment if you have gingivitis or periodontitis.


Robin Wall Kimmerer:
In the old times, our elders say, the trees talked to each other. They’d stand in their own council and craft a plan. But scientists decided long ago that plants were deaf and mute, locked in isolation without communication. The possibility of conversation was summarily dismissed. Science pretends to be purely rational, completely neutral, a system of knowledge-making in which the observation is independent of the observer. And yet the conclusion was drawn that plants cannot communicate because they lack the mechanisms that animals use to speak. . . . But pollen has been carried reliably on the wind for eons, communicated by males to receptive females to make . . . nuts. If the wind can be trusted with that fecund responsibility, why not with messages?
There is now compelling evidence that our elders were right—the trees are talking to one another. They communicate via pheromones, hormonelike compounds that are wafted on the breeze, laden with meaning. Scientists have identified specific compounds that one tree will release when it is under the stress of insect attack—gypsy moths gorging on its leaves or bark beetles under its skin. The tree sends out a distress call: “Hey, you guys over there? I’m under attack here. You might want to raise the drawbridge and arm yourselves for what is coming your way.” The downwind trees catch the drift, sensing those few molecules of alarm, the whiff of danger. This gives them time to manufacture defensive chemicals. . . . The individual benefits, and so does the entire grove. Trees appear to be talking about mutual defense. . . . There is so much we cannot yet understand with our limited human capacity. Tree conversations are still far above our heads.
Some studies of mast fruiting have suggested that the mechanism for synchrony comes not through the air, but underground.  The trees in a forest are often interconnected by subterranean networks of mycorrhizae, fungal strands that inhabit tree roots. The mycorrhizal symbiosis enables the fungus to forage for mineral nutrients in the soil and deliver them to the tree in exchange for carbohydrates. The mycorrhizae may form fungal bridges between individual trees, so that all the trees in a forest are connected. These fungal networks appear to redistribute the wealth of carbohydrates from tree to tree. A kind of Robin Hood, they take from the rich and give to the poor so that all the trees arrive at the same carbon surplus at the same time. They weave a web of reciprocity, of giving and taking. In this way, the trees all act as one because the fungi have connected them. Through unity, survival. All flourishing is mutual.
Fr. Richard Rohr, Center for Action & Contemplation:
‘For too long science and faith fell into the “sin of certainty,” each claiming Truth only for themselves and ignoring the beautifully symbiotic relationship that exists between them. Scientists like Robin Wall Kimmerer are an essential part of the Great Turning, dissolving the artificial binaries that have walled them off from one another. May we all have minds and hearts open enough to integrate the wisdom of our spiritual elders.’
Are trees social beings? In this international bestseller, forester and author Peter Wohlleben convincingly makes the case that, yes, the forest is a social network. He draws on groundbreaking scientific discoveries to describe how trees are like human families: tree parents live together with their children, communicate with them, support them as they grow, share nutrients with those who are sick or struggling, and even warn each other of impending dangers. Wohlleben also shares his deep love of woods and forests, explaining the amazing processes of life, death, and regeneration he has observed in his woodland.
After learning about the complex life of trees, a walk in the woods will never be the same again.


Raynaud's PhenomenonView All Arthritis Types
Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition resulting from poor circulation in the extremities (i.e., fingers and toes). In a person with Raynaud's phenomenon, when his or her skin is exposed to cold or the person becomes emotionally upset, the blood vessels under the skin tighten and the blood flow slows. This is called vasospasm. Hands and feet have fewer large blood vessels and, therefore, when a vasospasm occurs, it is harder for the blood to keep flowing and these areas may turn blue because less oxygen is reaching the skin. The skin will also feel cold because less blood is reaching the skin to keep it warm. While attacks of vasospasm may last from minutes to hours, only rarely do they cause severe tissue damage.
Raynaud's phenomenon is named after the French doctor Maurice Raynaud, who first described the condition in the mid-1800s. The condition is also known as Raynaud's syndrome or Raynaud's disease.View All Arthritis Types


SoulSpace Yoga Community has two Clearlight Far Infrared Saunas available for use.
WHAT EXACTLY IS INFRARED?
Infrared rays are one of the types of light that our powerful sun provides. Among other benefits, infrared rays permeate the skin deeply, dissolve harmful substances accumulated in the body, vitalize cells and boost metabolism.
“Far” infrared — widely considered the most beneficial type of infrared — is the warm energy in humans, animals and plants that is also emitted from sunlight. The intensity of far infrared produced by the human body constantly fluctuates. When the intensity is high, we feel healthy and are able to overcome ailments. When the far infrared begins to decline, we are subject to disease and illness, and tend to age more quickly. When far-infrared waves are applied to water molecules, which comprise 70 percent of our body, these molecules begin to vibrate. This vibration aids in the eventual breakdown of the water molecules, causing encapsulated gases and other potentially toxic materials to be released. Far infrared waves soak into the body for a deep heating action that allows the body’s sweat glands to activate. Sweat glands are one of the main avenues of elimination through the largest organ of the body, our skin.
As with any health-related program, please consult your medical doctor to learn if far infrared is an appropriate healing tool for you.
WHAT IS INCLUDED?
Your sauna session comes with 1 complimentary, large bath towel. If you would like additional towels, please bring your own, or, you may rent one for $3.00
Cancellation policy: Please cancel within 24 hours or you will be charged the full amount.


Contains plant extracts traditionally used for respiratory and immune system wellbeing.
Respiratory health benefits: - Contains thyme, echinacea, common sundew, hedge mustard and eucalyptus, which have been traditionally used to support respiratory wellbeing. Inmune system benefits: - Contains vitamin C, which contributes to the normal function of the immune system. - Contains echinacea, thyme and common sundew, which have been traditionally used to support the immune system.
- Take 10 ml two to three times a day. - Population groups at risk: seek professional advice. - Shake before use. - Food supplements are not intended to replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. - Do not exceed the recommended daily intake. - Store in a cool dry place. Keep out of young children's reach.
- Dietary supplement. - Risk population groups: consult your professional. - Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied, balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle. - Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Keep out of reach of young children. - Store in a cool, dry place.


How to Make Food Waste into Animal Feed?
Food waste can be made into animal feed through biological treatment. The biological treatment process independently developed by our company can reach the harmless discharge standard after treatment.
The basic requirements for making food waste into animal feed are to realize disinfection and sterilization, meet the feed hygiene standard, retain nutrition to the greatest extent, improve the feed value of food waste and eliminate or reduce the impact of adverse factors. At present, the domestic food waste feed recycling technology is mainly a biological and physical method. Biological methods use microbial cells to ferment food waste, and use microbial growth, regeneration and metabolism to accumulate useful cells, enzymes and intermediates that are dried to produce proteins. The physical method is to directly dehydrate, dry and disinfect the food residue, and then grind it into feed.
Treatment of Food Waste into Animal Feed:
1. biological treatment of feed preparation. The principle is to add cultivated strains to kitchen waste and store them in sealed containers. Strains grow and kill pathogens as feed.
2. feed made after high-temperature sterilization. Its principle is to kill the virus and grind it into animal feed by using the principle of high-temperature disinfection. A more mature way to treat food waste is to use a comprehensive set of granulation technology, extrusion drying technology and other methods. The concentration of bacteria in extruded feed was much lower than that in other samples.
How to make food waste into animal feed?
After years of efforts, our company has carried out system optimization, impurity separation / removal, temperature control homogenization, coagulation separation, solid-liquid / oil-water separation, microbial fermentation, indirect drying and three kinds of waste treatment. We have developed our own process technology and independently developed an equipment suitable for large-scale treatment of kitchen residues to produce composite biological protein raw materials. The sorting system is mechanized, which is more than 8 times faster than manual sorting, and the labor intensity is reduced by more than 80%.
The food waste is poured into the pretreatment system of the food waste treatment equipment by the food waste bucket elevator. After the food waste is crushed and pressed, the water content of the food waste is controlled at about 50%. Then the materials are automatically put into the local resource treatment equipment of the food waste. After the materials are added, a special bacterial agent is added. The equipment can operate automatically for 24 hours according to the preset operating parameters. After 24-hour continuous treatment, 90% of the food waste is metabolized into steam and bio heat energy, and 10% of the animal feed is discharged.


Why Pre and Post-Workout Meals are Important – 2023 Guide
Pre and post-workout meals play a crucial role in optimizing athletic performance, supporting muscle growth, and enhancing recovery. These meals are designed to provide the necessary fuel and nutrients to maximize the benefits of exercise. In this guide, we will discuss in detail why pre and post-workout meals are important, highlighting their key benefits and offering practical recommendations.
I. Pre-Workout Meals: Fueling Performance
A. Enhancing Energy Levels:
Pre-workout meals are essential for enhancing energy levels, providing the necessary fuel to sustain physical activity during workouts. Here are a few key points related to enhancing energy levels through pre-workout meals:
Consuming carbohydrates before a workout is crucial as they serve as the primary source of energy for the body. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. When you exercise, your body uses these glycogen stores to fuel your workout. Including carbohydrates in your pre-workout meal ensures that you have sufficient glycogen reserves to support your energy needs during exercise.
Intense physical activity can deplete your glycogen stores. By consuming carbohydrates before a workout, you replenish these stores, allowing you to perform at a higher intensity and for a longer duration. This is particularly important for endurance exercises or high-intensity workouts.
It is recommended to consume complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, as they provide a steady release of energy. Avoid high-sugar foods or refined carbohydrates, as they may lead to rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels.
B. Optimizing Exercise Performance:
While carbohydrates are the primary fuel source, including a moderate amount of protein in your pre-workout meal can have benefits for exercise performance. Protein helps support muscle protein synthesis, which is the process of building and repairing muscle tissue. By consuming protein before a workout, you provide the necessary amino acids to help prevent muscle breakdown and support muscle recovery.
Proper hydration is essential for optimal exercise performance. Dehydration can negatively impact your energy levels, focus, and overall performance. Including fluids as part of your pre-workout meal or hydrating adequately before exercise ensures that you start your workout in a hydrated state.
Keep in mind that the timing of your pre-workout meal is important. Consuming a meal too close to your workout may cause discomfort or interfere with digestion. Aim to eat a pre-workout meal containing carbohydrates and protein approximately 1 to 3 hours before your exercise session. This timeframe allows for proper digestion and ensures that the nutrients from your meal are readily available as energy during your workout.
II. Post-Workout Meals: Recovery and Muscle Growth
A. Muscle Repair and Recovery:
Post-workout meals play a vital role in muscle repair and recovery after intense physical activity. Here are some key points related to muscle repair and recovery through post-workout meals:
Consuming an adequate amount of protein after a workout is crucial for muscle repair and recovery. During exercise, muscles undergo stress and small tears occur in muscle fibers. Protein provides the necessary amino acids, which are the building blocks for repairing and rebuilding these damaged muscle fibers. Adequate protein intake post-workout supports muscle protein synthesis, the process by which muscles adapt and grow stronger.
Leucine is an essential amino acid that plays a significant role in muscle protein synthesis. Including foods that are rich in leucine, such as lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and plant-based sources like soybeans and lentils, in your post-workout meal can help stimulate muscle protein synthesis and promote efficient muscle recovery.
B. Glycogen Replenishment:
During exercise, your body uses glycogen stores for energy. Consuming carbohydrates after a workout helps replenish these glycogen stores more rapidly. Adequate glycogen replenishment promotes faster recovery, replenishes energy stores, and prepares your body for subsequent workouts. Including carbohydrates in your post-workout meal is particularly important after endurance exercises or high-intensity workouts.
Consuming carbohydrates post-workout triggers an insulin response in the body. Insulin helps shuttle nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, into the muscle cells, promoting muscle repair and growth. This insulin response is more efficient and effective immediately after a workout when the muscles are more insulin-sensitive.
C. Reduced Muscle Soreness:
Post-workout meals rich in antioxidants can help reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle soreness. Intense exercise can lead to the production of free radicals, which can cause cellular damage and contribute to muscle soreness. Including foods high in antioxidants, such as berries, leafy greens, nuts, and seeds, in your post-workout meal can help counteract these effects and support recovery.
Omega-3 fatty acids:
Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can aid in reducing post-workout inflammation and muscle soreness. Including sources of omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish (salmon, mackerel), walnuts, chia seeds, and flaxseeds, in your post-workout meal can help promote recovery and alleviate muscle soreness.
It is recommended to consume a post-workout meal or snack within 30 to 60 minutes after exercise. This timeframe allows for optimal nutrient uptake and utilization by the muscles. Including a combination of protein and carbohydrates in your post-workout meal is beneficial for muscle repair, glycogen replenishment, and overall recovery.
III. Practical Recommendations for Pre and Post-Workout Meals:
Timing plays a crucial role in optimizing the benefits of pre and post-workout meals. Here are some practical recommendations regarding the timing of these meals:
Aim to consume a meal or snack containing carbohydrates and protein 1 to 3 hours before your workout.
This timeframe allows for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients, ensuring that you have sufficient energy during your exercise session.
If you have a larger meal, allow for a longer digestion period closer to the 3-hour mark. For smaller snacks, a shorter timeframe of closer to 1 hour may be sufficient.
Experiment with different timing options to find what works best for your body and allows you to exercise comfortably without experiencing digestive discomfort.
Consume a post-workout meal or snack within 30 to 60 minutes after completing your exercise session.
This window is referred to as the “anabolic window” when the body is primed to absorb nutrients and optimize recovery.
Eating promptly after your workout helps replenish glycogen stores, initiates muscle repair and protein synthesis, and supports overall recovery.
If a full meal isn’t feasible immediately after your workout, have a smaller snack with a combination of protein and carbohydrates to kickstart the recovery process. Then, follow up with a complete meal within a couple of hours.
B. Macronutrient Composition:
Include a balanced meal or snack that contains both carbohydrates and a moderate amount of protein.
Carbohydrates provide the primary source of energy, while protein supports muscle protein synthesis and prevents muscle breakdown.
Opt for complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables for sustained energy release, and avoid high-sugar or refined carbohydrates that can lead to energy crashes.
Examples of pre-workout meals or snacks include a chicken and quinoa salad, Greek yogurt with fruits, or a peanut butter and banana sandwich on whole-grain bread.
Focus on a post-workout meal or snack that provides both protein and carbohydrates to maximize recovery and muscle growth.
Protein is essential for muscle repair, while carbohydrates replenish glycogen stores and support nutrient uptake.
Opt for lean sources of protein such as chicken, fish, tofu, or legumes, paired with carbohydrates like sweet potatoes, brown rice, or whole-grain bread.
Including a variety of vegetables in your post-workout meal adds essential nutrients and antioxidants to aid in recovery.
Ensure proper hydration before starting your exercise session.
Drink water or other hydrating beverages in the hours leading up to your workout.
Staying hydrated helps maintain fluid balance, supports optimal performance, and prevents dehydration during exercise.
Rehydrate with fluids after your workout to replenish the water and electrolytes lost through sweat.
Water is generally sufficient for rehydration in most cases, but for intense or prolonged workouts, consider electrolyte-rich beverages or sports drinks.
Monitor your hydration status and drink enough fluids to quench your thirst and restore hydration levels.
Pre and post-workout meals are crucial for fueling performance, optimizing exercise, supporting muscle growth, and facilitating recovery. By understanding the importance of these meals and implementing practical recommendations, individuals can enhance their athletic endeavors and achieve their fitness goals more effectively. Remember, consulting with a registered dietitian or nutritionist can provide personalized guidance based on specific needs and fitness levels.


Utilizing superior imaging know-how, Mayo Clinic scientists have offered an unprecedented understanding of the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complicated, which is commonly mutated in sufferers with breast or ovarian most cancers. Their paper, printed in Nature, identifies features of how BRCA1-BARD1 features, supporting future translational analysis, most cancers prevention efforts and drug improvement.
“BRCA1-BARD1 is essential for DNA restore. It has direct relevance to most cancers as a result of lots of of mutations within the BRCA1 and BARD1 genes have been recognized in most cancers sufferers,” says Georges Mer, Ph.D., a Mayo Clinic structural biologist and biochemist who’s the lead writer of the paper. “However nobody is aware of if these mutations, or variants of unknown significance, are cancer-predisposing or not as a result of we have no idea whether or not the variants are positioned in a area of BRCA1-BARD1 that’s essential for perform. Now as a result of we are able to see how BRCA1-BARD1 works, we’ve a good suggestion of what areas of BRCA1-BARD1 are essential for perform.”
In a cell, the complicated of DNA and histone proteins are complexed into what’s referred to as chromatin, and packaged into bundles referred to as nucleosomes. DNA harm response proteins must entry chromatin to restore broken DNA. BRCA1-BARD1 contributes to fixing damaged DNA strands, which helps within the upkeep and survival of cells. However additionally it is a perform that would presumably be blocked or inactivated if this can be a technique a most cancers cell makes use of to outlive chemotherapy.
Cryo-electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
“We used two strategies―cryo-electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy―to grasp at near-atomic decision how BRCA1-BARD1 associates with the nucleosome, the repeating unit of chromatin, and the way BRCA1-BARD1 modifies chromatin,” explains Dr. Mer.
In cryo-electron microscopy, purified BRCA1-BARD1 sure to nucleosomes, collectively known as macromolecules, are flash-frozen then imaged utilizing an electron microscope. The macromolecules are oriented in varied methods throughout the pattern so a pc program evaluates all of the orientation information to create a 3D construction. Dr. Mer and his group additionally examined BRCA1-BARD1 nucleosome complexes with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which makes use of a powerful magnet to probe the relative positions of atoms inside macromolecules. Utilizing these imaging instruments, the scientists may visualize BRCA1-BARD1 in motion and uncover a brand new perform of the complicated.
“We confirmed how BRCA1-BARD1 attaches ubiquitin to the nucleosome, however we additionally decided that BRCA1-BARD1 acknowledges ubiquitin already connected to the nucleosome, which serves as a sign for damaged DNA,” says Dr. Mer. “We found an sudden cross-talk by which ubiquitin recognition by BRCA1-BARD1 enhances its ubiquitin attachment exercise, and this helps us higher perceive how BRCA1-BARD1 performs its perform.”
The researchers created a video from the cryo-electron microscopy information to indicate the place the protein complicated interacts with the nucleosome.
From discovery science to affected person care
Dr. Mer and his group count on that high-resolution photos of BRCA1-BARD1 may also help information affected person care and future therapy of most cancers in two methods: classifying variants of unknown significance and directing drug improvement with extra accuracy.
“With these 3D constructions, we should always be capable of convert a number of variants of unknown significance to seemingly cancer-predisposing variants,” says Dr. Mer. “This work can also be anticipated to have an effect on drug improvement in the long run as a result of the 3D constructions of BRCA1-BARD1 in complicated with the nucleosome we generated might assist in the design of small molecules that would, for instance, inactivate BRCA1-BARD1.”
Along with Dr. Mer, different authors on the paper are Qi Hu, Ph.D.; Maria Victoria Botuyan, Ph.D.; Debiao Zhao, Ph.D.; Gaofeng Cui, Ph.D.; and Elie Mer. This analysis was funded by the Nationwide Institutes of Well being, Mayo Clinic Most cancers Heart, Mayo Clinic Heart for Biomedical Discovery, and the Ovarian Most cancers Analysis Alliance, and was made doable by means of cryo-electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance instrumentation on the Pacific Northwest Heart for Cryo-EM and Mayo Clinic, respectively.
Analysis explains the function of the gene BRCA1 in DNA restore
Qi Hu et al, Mechanisms of BRCA1–BARD1 nucleosome recognition and ubiquitylation, Nature (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03716-8
Advancing breast, ovarian most cancers analysis with cryo-electron microscopy (2021, July 28)
retrieved 28 July 2021
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How AI leverages DNA to fuel modern medicine
Few areas in science benefit as much from advancements in processing power as genomics. From a computational standpoint, the amount of time and resources needed to fully sequence even a simple organism's DNA is immense, and that's just half the job: for that sequencing to be useful, scientists need to analyze its massive outputs of data and apply a variety of math techniques to properly map their work into practical information.
But while brute-force data processing is still of major relevance in the field, those CPU advancements also allow for a smarter approach, and one that the discipline welcomes wholeheartedly: AI-powered DNA sequencing.
With the correct AI algorithms, researchers not only enjoy faster processing times but more precise ones. Needless to say, in the last few years, machine learning has enabled this deeply interdisciplinary field to advance by leaps and bounds. And at every turn, a healthcare revolution follows in the wake.
AI has been used to accomplish a variety of clinical genomics tasks, including variant calling and annotation, variant impact prediction, phenotype-to-genotype mapping, and more. Let's have a look at the main applications of AI in the field, how genomics analysis is impacted by it, and the ways it affects us directly.
The major uses of AI in genomics
Drug discovery & screening
A drug is, fundamentally, a chemical product that interacts with the body's own chemistry aiming to positively alter it. For that to happen, however, pharmaceuticals need a comprehensive understanding of our biological processes.
By vastly expanding our knowledge to the inner workings of human bodies on a molecular scale, a pharmacogenomic AI makes for more efficient drug research and discovery, while also making clinical trials more predictable, and thus, safer.
Predictive genetic testing & diagnostics
While some diseases like flu or malaria are caused by external factors, many others are in some way hard-coded into our genes. Through genomics, predisposition for those hereditary conditions (for instance, some cancers) can be discovered well before symptoms appear and treated accordingly — and, in the near future, even "edited out" of our systems.
In cases where the disease isn't preventable or treatable before symptoms arise, a clearer picture of the patient still makes for a more effective diagnosis. Rare syndromes, often genetic, that for decades have eluded doctors become more manageable when correctly identified.
While genetic testing is usually done by specialized healthcare providers, at-home testing has been picking up steam for the past few years. Ancestry tests, for example, can be safely and reliably ordered by mail and executed directly by the consumer.
The same principle applies to AI-powered genomics: instead of your genealogy tree, a small sample of your DNA can now provide you with thorough results about your genetic traits, predispositions, and general health.
Personalized treatment is perhaps where genomics shines the brightest. Since every genome is unique, mapping an individual's genetic code allows for the ultimate customization in combating illnesses.
When paired with the aforementioned drug discovery, genomics can provide tailor-made treatment for a patient's condition. Cancers can be sequenced, analyzed, and tackled with personalized care fueled by advanced AI technology, thereby drastically improving healing odds.
All in all, genomics' possible applications in medicine are as vast as medicine itself. For an in-depth look, we've handpicked some breakthrough methods currently being pioneered by innovative companies, some of which we've had the pleasure to partner with.
Key players and major innovators
Recursion Pharma: Drug discovery
This American drug manufacturer, boasting over a dozen VC companies as partners, combines AI technology and chemistry research to create frameworks enabling personally crafted drugs.
By prioritizing data, their AI technology and drug development coexist in the same hierarchy as two parts of a whole, automating much of the drug screening process and enabling continuous and adaptable machine learning over many iterations.
Ezra: Cancer diagnosis
The startup, which raised $18M in its Series A, has a straightforward purpose — to detect cancer as early as possible. It is a known fact that early diagnosis is the best prevention against the disease, and Ezra's solution (and main product) comes as a single session, full-body MRI scan able to detect up to 13 types of cancer.
Behind the screening, however, is a complex myriad of AI technologies to facilitate the radiologists' work. Their AI technology focuses on imagery, improving the efficiency of diagnosis through machine recognition of visual patterns in tumors.
Gauss Surgical: Blood tests
Gauss Surgical specializes in the prevention of maternal mortality by monitoring blood loss during delivery and postpartum. Traditionally, hemorrhage protocols are checked and followed through human-eye estimations of how much blood has been lost, a system too prone to errors.
Gauss's platform, the AI-powered Triton app, instead reads blood levels in real time by visually recognizing blood properties through an iPhone camera, resulting in a 300% increase in hemorrhage detection.
Pexxi: Tailored contraception
The one-size-fits-all approach of contraceptive pills can be maddening for many women, who often end up finding theirs by trial and error, all while dealing with a plethora of — and in some cases, unavoidable — side effects.
UK-based Pexxi bypasses this by individually analyzing their clients' hormones and genetic background, which can be done via at-home test kits. After recommending the ideal match, the company keeps monitoring how the body reacts to the pill through stress, energy, body mass, skin quality, and mental health levels.
Genomic Prediction: Predictive genetic testing
The world's leading clinical laboratory, Genomic Prediction supports parents seeking in vitro fertilization by testing the embryos' genome to improve the procedure's success rate and reduce the risk of potential diseases.
Vention's partner for over two years, we have developed a robust network of web platforms aimed at enhancing the storage and analysis of their genetic data, alongside solutions to manage requests from and reports to their clients.
What does the future bring?
It might take some time before AI-powered genomics become as immediate and personal as insulin monitors, yet it's easy to forget that same sequencing that took the Human Genome Project 13 years and billions of dollars to execute in the 90s can be done nowadays in less than a day and cost a fraction of a smartphone.
Nonetheless, genomics, and the power brought to it by AI development, is an outstanding example of the uncanny progress made possible by technology. From small quality-of-life improvements to treatments — and potential cures — for conditions we’ve struggled with since the dawn of time, the possibilities are as boundless as these machines' capacity to learn.
And that is a reassuring prospect indeed.


↪ Visit the Living Symphonies website
is a landscape sound installation that grows in the same way as a forest ecosystem. Portraying the thriving activity of the forest's wildlife, plants and atmospheric conditions, it creates an ever-changing symphony heard amongst the forest itself.
Since 2014 I have worked directly with composer James Bulley
and programmer Daniel Jones
on their ongoing artwork Living Symphonies
, as it has toured across six forests throughout the U.K.
My main responsibilities have included: recording sessions with musicians; highly-detailed editing of audio assets; design of generative music systems; spatial mixing across 24 speakers; installation of speakers and audio hardware within the forests; testing and debugging of custom audio software; photo and video documentation; and leading installation volunteers.
"Working with ecologists and wildlife experts, the artists develop a detailed map of the flora and fauna that inhabit the forest site. Each species is depicted by a unique set of musical motifs that portray its changing behaviours over the day and night, coming to life as the species awakens, and moving, developing and interacting just as the organism it represents. Dozens of these motifs can be heard at any moment, mapped across the real space of the forest and heard back through a three-dimensional speaker system."
"Living Symphonies toured four of England's forests in 2014, co-produced by Forestry Commission England and Sound And Music, and with support from Arts Council England. In Summer 2019, Living Symphonies was exhibited in Epping Forest, London as part of the Borough of Culture and National Park City festival. Living Symphonies was exhibited at Compton Verney April–July 2023."


Latin Name: Oncorhynchus kisutch
Status: Endangered and threatened
Population: Both the Asian and North American sides of the North Pacific Ocean
Diet: Plankton and insects in freshwater and small fish in the ocean
Weight: Average weight is 40 pounds (can grow up to 120 pounds)
Length: 3 feet
About the Chinook Salmon
Like other salmon species, Chinook salmon return to the rivers and streams of their birth to mate but spend most of their adult life in ocean habitats. They spend between 3 months and two years in freshwater habitats and 2-4 years in marine environments.
After hatching from their eggs, juvenile Chinook salmon have dark bands on their sides, also known as parr marks, that help camouflage them in stream environments. As the salmon mature and prepare to migrate downstream, their skin becomes dark on their backs and light on their underbellies to help them confuse ocean predators.
Chinook salmon are often called “king salmon” because they are the largest species of salmon.
How you can help this species
Conservation PROJECTS WITH
Chinook Salmon HABITATS
The Pacific Forest Trust is dedicated to preserving natural habitats and forest systems where animals can thrive. Explore some of our conservation projects and easements in and around the Chinook salmon habitat.


Alfalfa contains health building properties. It helps assimilate protein, calcium and other nutrients. It is beneficial for all ailments because of its vitality and nutrient properties. And the contents are also balanced for complete absorption. Alfalfa contains chlorophyll. It is a body cleanser, infection fighter and natural deodorizer. It breaks down poisonous carbon dioxide and it is the richest land source of trace minerals. It is a very good spring tonic, it eliminates retained water, and relieves urinary and bowel problems. It helps in treating recuperative cases of narcotic and alcohol addiction. The enzymes help to neutralize cancer in the system.
Alfalfa contains a very rich supply of vitamins A, K, and D. It is also high in calcium and contains phosphorus, iron, potassium and eight essential enzymes. It is rich in trace minerals.
Aloe Vera is known as the first aid plant. It cleans, soothes and heals. It also contains antibiotic properties. It shouldn't be taken as a laxative during pregnancy. It contains properties which promotes the removal of dead skin and stimulates the normal growth of living cells, and which can stop pain and reduce the chance of infection and scarring while helping the healing process.
This is one plant every household should have. It is one of the easiest plants to grow indoors. It is valuable to burning, itching, minor cuts and first and second degree thermal burns. The fresh juice from the leaves heals wounds by preventing or drawing out infections. Aloe Vera helps to heal internal tissues damaged by radiation exposure, such as x-rays and radiation.
Aloe Vera contains-calcium, potassium, sodium, manganese, magnesium, iron, lecithin, and zinc.
Bee Pollen is high in aspartic acid, an amino acid that is able to stimulate the glands to promote a feeling of physical rejuvenation. It promotes youthful feeling, builds resistance to diseases, helps to boost healing powers and provides the body with energy.
Studies have found that it has a healing effect where there is pernicious anemia and disturbances of the intestinal system such as colitis, and chronic constipation. Bee Pollen slows down the aging process, for it has helped the emotional well-being of aging people. It also helps the hormonal system. Bee Pollen mixed with honey is used in Russia for treating hypertension, nervous and endocrine system complaints. It normalizes the activity of the intestines (in cases of colitis or chronic constipation), it improves the appetite, and increases fitness for work. Some people could be allergic to Bee Pollen and caution should be used if itching, dizziness, or difficulty in swallowing occurs after taking it. Always start out with small doses.
Bee Pollen contains 35% protein, about half of which is in the form of free amino acids, which are essential to life and can be immediately assimilated by the body. It is high in B-complex vitamins, and also vitamins A, C, D, and E. It is said to contain every substance needed to maintain life. It is called a complete food. Bee Pollen also contains Lecithin.
Blessed Thistle has a long history as a digestive and general tonic. It is useful for headaches in menopause problems. It is an excellent tonic for stomach and heart, aids circulation and helps all liver problems. It increases mothers' milk, and strengthens the memory by bringing oxygen to the brain. It helps control fevers, helps with cramps and other female problems, and also helps in balancing hormones. The Quinault Indians used the whole plant, steeped to create a birth-control medicine. It also has been used for treating internal cancer
Blessed Thistle contains the B-complex vitamin, manganese, calcium, iron phosphorus, and potassium.
CAPSICUM OR CAYENNE
Capsicum is said to be unequalled for warding off diseases and equalizing blood circulation. It is called a "Supreme and harmless internal disinfectant." It increases the heart action but not the blood pressure. It is said to prevent strokes and heart attacks. It is used for hemorrhaging external and internal.
Capsicum increases the power of all other herbs, helps in digestion when taken with meals and promotes all the secreting organs. It is a natural stimulant for diarrhea and dysentery,
This herb is a very important one when you want quick action for the flu and colds for its stimulating action.
It has the ability to rebuild tissue in the stomach and heals stomach and intestinal ulcers. It is known as the purest and best stimulant in the herb kingdom. It is said to be a catalyst, carrying all other herbs quickly to the part of the body where it is most needed, and increases their effectiveness.
Capsicum is high in Vitamins A, C, iron and calcium. It has Vitamin G, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sulphur. It has some B-complex, and is rich in Potassium.
Cascara Sagrada is a bark rich in hormone-like oils which promote peristaltic action in the intestinal canal. It is one of the best herbs to use for chronic constipation and is said to not be habit-forming. It increases the secretions of the stomach, liver, and pancreas and exerts a remarkable action in torpor of the colon in constipation.
It has been effective to the gall ducts, and in helping the body rid itself of gallstones.
Cascara is very valuable whenever there are hemorrhoids because of poor bowel function.
It helps in painless evacuations and, after extended usage, the bowels will function naturally and regularly from its tonic effects. It also has a stimulating tonic effect to all nerves that it comes in contact with. It is very cleansing to the colon and helps rebuild its functions.
Cascara Sagrada contains B-Complex, calcium, potassium, manganese, traces of tin, lead, strontium and aluminum.
Catnip has been called nature's "Alka-Seltzer." The Indians used it for infant colic, but it also has a sedative effect on the nervous system. It is useful for many ailments: for all cases of fevers for its actin in inducing sleep and in producing perspiration without increasing heat in the body. In children it is said to speedily overcome convulsions. It is also good for restlessness and colic and as a pain killer, especially for small children and infants. It has been known to help prevent a cold when drinking a warm infusion when you notice the first symptom. It helps in fatigue and improves circulation. It is said to help to prevent miscarriages and premature births. It helps in aches and pain due to flu and upset stomach and diarrhea associated with flu.
Catnip is high in vitamins A and C, and the B-complex vitamin. It contains magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, and has a trace of sulphur.
Chaparral has the ability to cleanse deep into the muscles and tissue walls. It is a potent healer to the urethral tract and to lymphatics, tones up the system and rebuilds the tissues. Medical science believes that the process by which chaparral supports the system works by inhibiting the unwanted rapid growth, via the vital respiratory process throughout the whole system. It is a strong antioxidant, anti-tumor agent, pain-killer, and antiseptic. It is one of the best herbal antibiotics. Chaparral has been said to be able to take the residue of LSD out of the system, thereby helping eliminate recurrences.
Chaparral is high in protein, potassium, and sodium. It also contains silicon, tin, aluminum, sulphur, chlorine, and barium.
Dandelion benefits the function of the liver. It has the ability to clear obstructions and stimulates the liver to detoxify poisons. It should be considered a valuable survival food. It contains all the nutritive salts that are required for the body to purify the blood. It promotes a healthy circulation, strengthens weak arteries, cleanses skim blemishes and restores the gastric balance in patients who have suffered from severe vomiting.
The juice of the broken stem can be applied to warts and allowed to dry. If used daily for two or three days, it will dry up the warts. It is also useful for corns, acne and blisters.
A diet of this herb (green) improves the enamel of the teeth.
Dandelion is a natural source of protein. It is rich in vitamin A. It is an excellent source of vitamin B., C, and E. It is rich in potassium, calcium and sodium. It contains some phosphorus and iron, as well as some nickel, cobalt, tin, copper, and zinc.
Echinacea stimulates the immune response, increasing the body's ability to resist infections, especially the production of white blood cells. It improves lymphatic filtration and drainage, and it helps remove toxins from the blood. It is considered one of the best blood cleansers and is called the King of the Blood Purifiers. It is said to be good for enlargement and weakness of the prostate gland. It is a natural antibiotic. It has been used with Chickweed to help in weight loss.
It contains vitamins A, E, and C, iron, iodine, copper, sulphur, and potassium.
Eyebright aids in stimulating the liver to clean the blood and relieve the conditions that effect the clarity of vision and thought. It is useful for inflammations because of its cooling and detoxifying properties. It has antiseptic properties that fight infections of the eyes. It has traditionally been used as a remedy for eye problems, such as failing vision, eye inflammation, conjunctivitis ulcers and even eye strain. Eyebright will strengthen all parts of the eye and provide an elasticity to the nerves and optic devices responsible for sight.
It is extremely rich in vitamins A and C. It contains B complex, vitamin D, and some vitamin E. It also contains iron, silicon, a trace of iodine, copper, and zinc.
Garlic is nature's antibiotic. The properties of garlic have the ability of stimulating cell growth and activity. It has a rejuvenative effect on all body functions. It is a health building and disease preventative herb and dissolves cholesterol in the bloodstream. Garlic stimulates the lymphatic system to throw off waste materials. Garlic stimulates the lymphatic system to throw off waste materials. Garlic opens up the blood vessels and reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients. It contains antibiotics that are effective against bacteria which may be resistant to other antibiotics. It is called Russian penicillin. Garlic does not destroy the body's normal flora.
This herb contains vitamins A and C. It also contains selenium, which is closely related to vitamin E in biological activity. It contains sulphur, calcium, manganese, copper, and a lot of vitamin B1. Garlic also contains some iron and it is high in potassium and zinc.
In the Orient Ginseng is called the King of the Herbs. It stimulates the entire body energy to overcome stress, fatigue, and weakness. It is especially stimulating for mental fatigue. It stimulates and improves the brain cells. Ginseng has a very beneficial effect on the heart and circulation. It is used to normalize blood pressure, reduce blood cholesterol and prevent arteriosclerosis. It is used as a preventive tonic in China. It is claimed to slow down the aging process. It is considered a cure all herb. It acts as an antidote to various types of drugs and toxic chemicals, and is said to protect the body against radiation. It is said to improve vision and hearing activity, improve working ability, and help to check irritability to give one more poise and composure.
Ginseng contains vitamins A and E. It also contains thiamine, riboflavin, B12m, niacin, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, silicon, potassium, manganese, magnesium, sulphur, and tin.
Golden Seal has been recommended as a way of boosting a sluggish glandular system and promoting youthful hormone harmony. The action of the herb goes directly into the bloodstream and helps regulate the liver functions. It has a natural antibiotic ability to stop infection and kill poisons in the body. It should not be used by pregnant women. Golden Seal can be used for many illnesses not listed.
Golden Seal is valuable for all catarrhal conditions either in the nasal area, bronchial tubes, throat, intestines, stomach and bladder. It has the ability to heal mucous membranes anywhere in the body. It ranks high as one of the best general medicinal aids in the herbal kingdom. When taken with other herbs it increases the tonic properties for whatever ailment is being treated. If a person has low blood sugar, substitute myrrh instead of Goldenseal.
This herb contains vitamins A and C. It also contains vitamin B-complex, E, F, calcium, copper, potassium, lots of phosphorus, manganese, iron, zinc and sodium.
Hawthorn is very effective for relieving insomnia. A poultice of leaves (crushed) or fruit has strong drawing powers and has been used in England for centuries in the treatment of embedded thorns, splinters, felons and whitlows. The fruits are used for nervousness and also in preventing miscarriage. It has been known for centuries as a treatment of heart disease. Regular use strengthens the heart muscles. It has been used in preventing arteriosclerosis and in helping conditions like rapid and feeble heart action, heart valve defects, enlarged heart, angina pectoris and difficult breathing owing to ineffective heart action and lack of oxygen in the blood. Some herbalists recommend Hawthorn to use against diseases before actual symptoms are manifest.
This herb is high in Vitamins C and B-complex. It contains sodium, silicon, phosphorus, and some iron, zinc, sulphur, nickel, tin, aluminum and beryllium.
Hops is recognized for its remarkable sedative powers. It is known as one of the best nervines in the herb kingdom. It is strong but safe to use. Culpepper says, "It opens obstructions of the liver and spleen, cleanses the blood, loosens the belly, cleanses the veins from gravel and provokes urine." Hops contains appetizing and tonic properties as well as sedative properties and acts as a nervine in overcoming insomnia. It acts as a stimulant to the glands and muscles of the stomach and at the same time calms the hyperexcitability to the gastric nerves. It has a relaxing influence upon the liver and gall duct and is also a laxative to the bowels. Its main uses are to alleviate nervous tension and promote restful sleep.
Hops is rich in the vitamin B-complex. It contains magnesium, zinc, copper, traces of iodine, manganese, iron, sodium, lead, fluorine, and chlorine.
Hyssop is used in lung ailments. It is good for fevers to help produce sweating. Research has found that the mold that produces penicillin grows on hyssop leaves, and therefore helps the healing process. It contains essential hormone oil to build resistance to infectious diseases. Hyssop is usually mixed with other herbs for the best results. The leaves can be applied on wounds to help infections and help aid in healing. It has been used for poor digestion, breast and lung problems, cough from colds and nose and throat infections. It is useful for mucus congestion in the intestines.
Kelp is a good promoter of glandular health. It controls the thyroid and regulates the metabolism which helps digest food. Kelp has the reputation of speeding up the burning of excess calories by controlling the body's metabolism and is helpful in the nourishment of the body with its ability to stimulate metabolism. It contains all of the minerals considered vital to health. It even contains a small amount of lecithin. Kelp has a beneficial effect on many disorders of the body. It is called a sustainer to the nervous system and the brain, helping the brain to function normally. It is essential during pregnancy.
Kelp contains nearly 30 minerals. It is rich iodine, calcium, sulphur and silicon. It also contains phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, copper, zinc and manganese. It has a small amount of barium, boron, chronium, lithium, nickel, silver, titanium, vanadium, aluminum, strontium, bismuth, chlorine, cobalt, gallium, tin and zirconium. Kelp is rich in B-complex vitamins. It contains vitamin A, C, E and G. It also contains anti-sterility vitamin S, and it has anti-hemorrhage vitamin K.
Mullein is called a natural wonder herb with narcotic properties, without being habit forming or poisonous. Mullein is a great pain killer and helps induce sleep. It has a calming effect on all inflamed and irritated nerves. This is why it works so well in controlling coughs, cramps and spasms. It has the ability to loosen mucus and move it out of the body. It is valuable for all lung problems because it nourishes as well as strengthens. The crushed flowers have been used to remove warts. The tea has been used for dropsy, sinusitis, and swollen joints. The hot tea helps when applied to mumps, tumors, sore throat, and tonsillitis.
Mullein is high in iron, magnesium, potassium and sulphur. It contains A, D, and B-complex.
Parsley should be used as a preventative herb. It is so nutritious that it increases resistance to infections and diseases. The roots or leaves are very good for all liver and spleen problems when jaundice and venereal diseases are present. Fresh juice has helped in conjunctivitis and blepharitis an inflammation of the eyelid. It has a tonic effect on the entire urinary system. It has been used as a cancer preventative. Parsley should not be used during pregnancy, it could bring on labor pains. It will dry up mother's milk after birth.
Parsley is high in vitamin B and potassium. It is said to contain a substance in which cancerous cells cannot multiply. It is rich in iron, chlorophyll, and vitamins A and C. Parsley increases iron content in the blood. It contains some sodium, copper, thiamine and riboflavin. It also contains some silicon, sulphur, calcium and cobalt.
Psyllium is considered an excellent colon and intestine cleanser. It lubricates as well as heals the intestines and colon. It does not irritate the mucous membranes of the intestines but strengthens the tissues and restores tone. It is said to be very good for auto-intoxication, which can cause many diseases, by cleansing the intestines and removing the toxins.
Rose Hips helps play an important role in treatment where vitamins A, E, and C and Rutin are needed. This herb is very nourishing to the skin. It contains natural fruit sugar. A Swiss herbalist, Father Kunzle, recommends the use of Rose Hips to help expel kidney stones. It helps prevent infections and also helps when infections develop.
Rose Hips is very high in vitamin B-complex and is very rich in vitamins A, E, and Rutin. It also contains vitamin D, and P. It is high in organic iron and calcium. It has some sodium, potassium, sulphur, silica, and niacin.
Rosemary is a strong stimulant especially of the circulatory system and pelvic region. It is considered a proven heart tonic which is not a drastic drug. It is a treatment for high blood pressure. It is used externally for wounds of all kinds including bites and stings. It is excellent for all womens' ailments. It helps regulate menses, and should be thought of when there are pains from the uterus followed by hemorrhage. It is a good tonic for the reproductive organs. Rosemary tea will help relieve hysterical depression and is very good for headaches caused by nerves as it is stimulating to the nervous system. It has been considered to be one of the most powerful remedies to strengthen the nervous system. In colds or flu, Rosemary can be taken in tea when there is restlessness, nervousness, and insomnia. Rosemary, sage, and vervain in equal parts makes an antiseptic drink for fevers. It has been known for preventing premature baldness and being a stimulant for increased activity of "hair-bulbs."
It contains vitamins A and C. It is high in calcium. It contains iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and zinc.
St. Johnswort is very helpful for obstructions of phelgm in the chest and lungs. It has been known in cases of bronchitis to eliminate all signs of the condition. It is excellent for internal bleeding. The seeds steeped in boiling water expel congealed blood form the stomach caused by bruises, falls, or bursting veins. It is useful in healing wounds, and excellent for dirty, septic wounds and has been used in cases of putrid leg ulcers when nothing else would heal. It helps in depression and mild pain in the stomach, intestines and gall bladder. It is effective in headaches with excitability, hysteria, neuralgia, especially such symptoms occurring at the menopause, such as brain-lag, or heavy feeling in the head, or with throbbing on the top of the head. St Johnswort is useful in swellings, neglected cuts, abscesses, boils and bad insect stings.
Sarsaparilla is a valuable herb used in glandular balance formulas. Its stimulating properties are noted for increasing the metabolic rate.
It contains an important male hormone known as testosterone which is an important hair-growing hormone.
It also contains progesterone, another valuable hormone which is normally produced by the ovaries in the female.
It increases circulation to rheumatic joints. It stimulates breathing ion problems of congestion.
Sarsaparilla contains vitamin B-complex, vitamins A, C and D. It also contains iron, manganese, sodium, silicon, sulphur, copper, zinc, and iodine.
Scullcap is said to be stimulating to the nerves as quinnine without harmful side-effects. It is called a food for the nerves, supporting and strengthening them as it gives immediate relief of all chronic and acute diseases stemming from nervous affections and debility.
Scullcap is said to be one of the herbs used traditionally to cure infertility. It is also said to regulate undue sexual desires. Scullcap mixed with Pennyroyal has been used successfully as a female remedy for cramps and severe pain caused by suppressed menstruation due to colds.
Scullcap is high in calcium, potassium, and magnesium. It also contains vitamins C, E, iron and zinc.
Valerian is a strong nervine and is very helpful for insomnia. It contains an essential oil and alkaloids which combine to produce calming sedative effect. It can be used as a tranquillizer but leaves one feeling refreshed rather than sluggish. It is known as a safe non-narcotic herbal sedative and has been recommended in anxiety states.
Valerian is commonly used with other herbs for nervous tension. It is also useful in pain-relieving remedies for it's relaxing properties for muscle spasms.
Valerian is usually recommended for short-term use. Prolonged or excessive use can mental depression in some people. It is usually not recommended for small children.
Valerian is rich in magnesium, potassium, copper, some lead and zinc.By Louise Tenney


17 Alexandra Centre, Rail Mill Way, Parkgate, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, S62 6JE
Are you looking to buy new fish for your home? Whether you have an aquarium for tropical fish or a garden pond for coldwater fish, we have an amazing range of species for you to add to your collection.
You can visit our pet shop in Rotherham for an excellent selection of tropical fish and cold water fish you can choose from - we have hundreds of species available.
Aquarium Fish - tropical or coldwater
Pond Fish - coldwater fish
Hundreds of beautiful species available
Our staff are fish experts and can help you with any questions you may have, whether it's what species live well together, what products are most suitable or simply how to get started.


The King's Gold Medal - or Kongens Gullmedalje - is awarded to outstanding young researchers for scientific work assessed at the University of Oslo. Bjerke received the prize for her PhD thesis "Quantifying cellular parameters across the murine brain: New practices for integrating and analyzing neuroscience data using 3D brain atlases". The 3D atlases, tools, and workflows demonstrated in the thesis are developed through the Human Brain Project and available via the EBRAINS infrastructure.
“It is a great honour to receive the King’s Gold Medal for my PhD thesis” says Bjerke. “I see it as a recognition that the work I have done has contributed meaningfully to the field and that standards and workflows for more open procedures are being seen as important.”
Ingvild E. Berke is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Neural Systems at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo. Her research focuses on the use of neuroinformatics and digital atlasing to monitor normal development in the mouse brain. She is also a data curation scientist in the EBRAINS Data and Knowledge services.
Photos © UiO/Jarli&Jordan


The Follow-on African Consortium for Tenofovir Studies (FACTS) is a newly-created South African research consortium established to conduct clinical studies to determine whether tenofovir gel is safe and effective at protecting women from HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV-2). 2013
The FACTS Consortium will be conducting two HIV prevention studies. FACTS 001, which is underway, is a large-scale placebo-controlled study designed to test the safety and effectiveness of vaginal tenofovir gel used before and after sex to protect women against HIV infection and also against HSV-2, a virus that causes genital herpes. The study will enrol a minimum of 2,200 HIV-negative women and is aimed at confirming and expanding the groundbreaking findings of the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel trial. FACTS 002 is an adolescent safety study designed to test the safety and acceptability of tenofovir gel in 16 and 17-year-old South African young women.
If the FACTS studies confirm that tenofovir gel is effective, these combined data could contribute to the licensure of the first vaginal microbicide product and subsequently provide women with a powerful new women-controlled HIV prevention method.
“The South African government’s support for FACTS demonstrates a new era of collaboration between researchers and government with the common vision of preventing HIV infections in women.”
– Professor Helen Rees, Director of the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute


In case you’ve ever checked out a video of a whale within the wild, you already know that these majestic creatures are one thing particular. Whenever you see a whale or a dolphin swimming by means of their pure atmosphere, you get the sensation that you just’re watching one thing unbelievable and exquisite. You would possibly even have puzzled if learning these wonderful creatures could be one thing that you’d take pleasure in as a profession. If that sounds acquainted to you, marine biology camps could be the proper means so that you can additional your curiosity and see if that is one thing that you just really need to pursue once you determine through which course you need to take your profession. Listed below are a number of of the advantages of such a chance:
Immersing Your self in Their World One of many greatest components of marine biology is learning aquatic organisms in their very own habitat. As a lot of North America is landlocked, many individuals in each america and Canada develop up with their solely experiences with whales and different aquatic organisms coming both in zoos or in science class. Though each of these experiences are worthwhile components of an schooling, they merely do not examine to really seeing fish, amphibians, and aquatic mammals work together in their very own atmosphere. Animals thrive of their pure habitats, and the possibility to see them up shut is one thing particular. There’s simply nothing like watching a college of dolphins or a humpback whale within the ocean, and making observations about them and their world is a good way to study rather a lot in a brief time frame. Gaining Unforgettable Expertise Whether or not or not you select to pursue marine biology as a profession, an expertise at a camp will likely be one thing that you’ll always remember. Whenever you spend a number of days on a ship with different like-minded folks, you are certain to develop a number of friendships that can final for a few years or perhaps a lifetime. Irrespective of the place your life takes you, you’ll all the time share that have with the buddies you may make on the boat, and you will all the time keep in mind the sensation of attending to study oceanic creatures in a hands-on atmosphere, one thing only a few folks ever get the possibility to do throughout their lifetimes. Whether or not you are trying to spark your curiosity in marine biology or acquire firsthand expertise in one thing that has all the time appealed to you, attending marine biology camps is a good way to realize your objective. In case you’re searching for a really distinctive expertise, it could possibly be a good way to spend your subsequent summer time.


Sea ice is an integral component of the Arctic and Subarctic coastal environments. It is dynamic and its extent, thickness and distribution varies between seasons and years. It also varies in type and form, which are determined by the different physical and environmental conditions that cause it to form.
For Inuit, sea ice is critical infrastructure and is a central part of culture, community and livelihood.
Sea ice types include newly formed ice (weakly frozen ice crystals), nilas ice (less than 10 cm thick), young ice (10-30 cm thick), first-year ice (more than 30 cm thick) and old ice (ice that survived a full season, including melt). Sea ice forms can vary from small pancake ice (less than 3 m) to much larger ice floes (more than 20 m). Sea ice is usually classified as either pack (drift) ice or fast ice. Pack ice is generally made up of floes greater than 20 metres. It is dynamic and moves with currents and winds. Fast ice is attached to the shoreline, shoals or grounded icebergs and is relatively stable. Within sea ice there are areas of open water, called leads or polynyas, which are kept open by currents, tides and winds. These areas of open water are critical to the sea ice and ocean ecosystems.
Sea ice is more than just frozen water. During formation, pockets of brine form within the ice, providing habitat for bacteria and algae. These ecological communities remain relatively dormant during the darkness of winter, but when spring arrives with more available light and warmer temperatures, the ice ecosystem becomes much more active. Bacteria populations increase and the ice algae begin to grow, especially at the bottom of the ice where there is a steady supply of important nutrients. As the ice continues to warm and begins to melt, the brine pockets within the sea ice begin to connect, forming brine channels. This results in structural changes in the ice and in an export of brine, bacteria and algae to the sea water below, providing food and nutrients to the ocean ecosystem.
For Inuit, sea ice is critical infrastructure and is a central part of culture, community and livelihood. Ice is an extension of the Land — its existence is imperative for Inuit to travel and access crucial areas, as well as being a platform to the ocean and its resources. Sea ice connects Inuit, allowing for travel between communities and the four Inuit regions that make up Inuit Nunangat. The ice also allows Inuit to access harvesting areas (both on land and water) at different times of the year, depending on the seasonal patterns of the species and the condition of the sea ice. Furthermore, sea ice connects Inuit to historical and culturally significant areas, including cabins, seasonal camps, traplines and harvesting areas.
The connection between Inuit and sea ice is inherent, healthy and strong. Inuit have extensive knowledge about the different types and forms of ice, how ice changes in relation to environmental factors and what changes happen during the different seasons of the year. This knowledge has been passed on for generations and is imperative to Inuit use and occupancy of sea ice. Relying on this knowledge allows Inuit to safely access areas of importance, to travel to other communities and to harvest food and resources as needed, even during the times of sea ice formation and breakup. In Inuktut, the importance of ice is highlighted by the dozens of different words that exist to define things such as sea ice form, type, location and age.
The cycle of the sea ice formation, breakup and melt greatly affects the weather patterns and climate in the North. Reduced sea ice means more open ocean, more moisture in the air and warmer temperatures. It also means that once predictable seasonal weather patterns are now shifting and becoming unpredictable. Recent changes in the northern climate have led to increasingly dangerous sea ice and snow conditions, causing hunting areas and traditional travel routes to become inaccessible. The relationship between Inuit, environment and health is connected, and any change in the environment directly impacts Inuit health, including mental health, and well-being. Furthermore, the changes to sea ice do not just affect access to crucial areas, but they also affect the ecosystem dynamics of many different species of importance for Inuit, including those animals in the air, on the land and in the water.
Inuit have implemented a variety of community-based monitoring programs to better understand the changing sea ice across the North. These programs are initiatives that provide opportunities for Inuit to measure and observe changes in sea ice and to understand these changes in the context of their communities and region. To better monitor the changes in sea ice in the North over long periods of time, Inuit are collecting baseline data on their surroundings. This ensures local residents are involved in research and monitoring, and that specific areas of concern are being addressed by the people who live there.
Sea ice conditions are rapidly changing throughout the North, and Inuit are using their knowledge, in conjunction with modern technologies, to adapt and continue to use the sea ice as they have for generations.
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Sevin Insect Killer Ready to Use kills over 500 listed insects on vegetables, fruits, flowers, ornamentals, lawns and around the home perimeter. Spray thoroughly on all surfaces of plants to control nuisance pests such as ants, fleas, ticks, spiders, Japanese beetles, aphids, cabbage worms and outdoor roaches. Use throughout the growing season to kill insects with short pre-harvest intervals for edibles. Best of all, it is fast acting and protects for up to 3 months.
* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Home Depot to confirm actual price & availability.


Retinal degeneration, a condition that affects the delicate tissue at the back of the eye responsible for vision, is a cause of concern for millions of people worldwide. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of retinal degeneration, including its causes, symptoms, and diagnosis. In addition, we will explore the various treatment options available, from promising approaches to current research. Finally, we will delve into the challenges faced by individuals living with retinal degeneration, offering coping strategies, support systems, and lifestyle adjustments. Whether you are seeking information for yourself or a loved one, this article will serve as a valuable resource in navigating the complex world of retinal degeneration.
1. "Understanding Retinal Degeneration: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis"
Retinal degeneration is a chronic and progressive condition that affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. This condition can lead to a gradual loss of vision, impacting an individual’s daily life and overall quality of life. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of retinal degeneration is crucial for early detection and effective management of the condition.
The causes of retinal degeneration can vary depending on the specific type of degenerative disorder. Inherited genetic mutations are often responsible for conditions like retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, and Leber congenital amaurosis. These genetic mutations affect the structure and function of the retina, leading to its progressive deterioration. Other factors such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy, and certain medications can also contribute to retinal degeneration.
Symptoms of retinal degeneration can differ depending on the specific type and stage of the condition. Common signs include blurred or distorted vision, difficulty seeing in low light or at night (night blindness), reduced peripheral vision, and the presence of blind spots or dark areas in the visual field. Some individuals may also experience a gradual loss of central vision, which can significantly impact tasks such as reading, driving, and recognizing faces.
Diagnosing retinal degeneration typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist or a retina specialist. The doctor will evaluate the patient’s medical history, conduct a visual acuity test, and perform various diagnostic procedures. These may include dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and electroretinography (ERG). These tests help assess the structure and function of the retina, determine the presence and severity of degeneration, and identify the underlying cause.
Early diagnosis of retinal degeneration is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and managing the condition effectively. While there is currently no known cure for most retinal degenerative disorders, several
2. "Exploring Treatment Options for Retinal Degeneration: Promising Approaches and Current Research"
Retinal degeneration, a group of disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of the retina, is a significant cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide. While this condition currently lacks a cure, researchers and healthcare professionals are actively exploring various treatment options to slow down its progression and improve patients’ quality of life.
One promising approach in the treatment of retinal degeneration is gene therapy. This innovative technique aims to correct genetic mutations that contribute to the development of retinal diseases. By delivering healthy copies of the defective genes into the affected cells, gene therapy holds the potential to halt or even reverse retinal degeneration. Several clinical trials have shown promising results in restoring vision in patients with specific forms of inherited retinal degeneration, such as Leber congenital amaurosis and retinitis pigmentosa.
Another avenue of treatment being explored is stem cell therapy. Stem cells have the remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types, including retinal cells. Researchers are investigating the potential of transplanting stem cells into the retina to replace damaged or lost cells, thereby restoring visual function. Although this approach is still in the experimental stage, early studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in animal models and some clinical trials.
In recent years, researchers have also been focusing on developing neuroprotective therapies for retinal degeneration. These treatments aim to protect the remaining retinal cells from further damage and degeneration. Various molecules and compounds, such as growth factors and antioxidants, are being studied for their potential to prevent cell death and promote cell survival in the retina. While neuroprotective therapies have shown promising results in preclinical studies, their effectiveness in humans is yet to be fully established.
Additionally, advancements in retinal prosthetics, such as retinal implants and bionic eyes, offer hope for individuals with severe retinal degeneration. These devices work by bypassing the damaged retinal cells and directly stimulating the remaining healthy cells or the optic nerve. Although these technologies are still evolving, they have already shown promising results in restoring partial
3. "Living with Retinal Degeneration: Coping Strategies, Support Systems, and Lifestyle Adjustments"
Living with Retinal Degeneration: Coping Strategies, Support Systems, and Lifestyle Adjustments
Being diagnosed with retinal degeneration can be a life-altering experience. This progressive condition affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye, leading to a gradual loss of vision. While there may be no cure for retinal degeneration at present, there are various coping strategies, support systems, and lifestyle adjustments that can help individuals adapt and maintain their quality of life.
One of the most important aspects of living with retinal degeneration is maintaining a positive mindset. Accepting the diagnosis and understanding its implications is crucial for emotional well-being. Seeking support from loved ones, joining support groups, and connecting with others who share similar experiences can be immensely helpful in coping with the challenges that come with retinal degeneration.
Educating oneself about the condition is another vital step towards managing retinal degeneration effectively. Understanding the different types of retinal degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), or Stargardt disease, can provide insights into the specific symptoms, progression, and available treatments. This knowledge empowers individuals to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions.
Adapting to changes in vision is a significant aspect of living with retinal degeneration. Visual aids and assistive technologies can greatly enhance independence and daily functioning. Devices such as magnifiers, telescopic lenses, electronic readers, and text-to-speech software can help individuals with retinal degeneration read, write, and perform various activities. Additionally, making adjustments to the home environment by installing proper lighting, using contrast-enhancing techniques, and minimizing potential hazards can improve safety and navigation.
Another crucial aspect of living with retinal degeneration is seeking professional assistance. Regular visits to an ophthalmologist or a low vision specialist are essential for monitoring the progression of the condition, discussing treatment options, and receiving necessary support. Depending on the


WELLNESS | WOMEN | WHOLENESS
Metabolism plays a crucial role in healthy aging. Just like a car engine generates both movement and exhaust, our bodies, in the process of creating and using energy, produce free radicals, which can lead to oxidative damage and aging of cells. Antioxidants from fruits and vegetables help combat free radicals, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet.
A healthy metabolism at the cellular level provides ample energy to our organ systems, but unhealthy lifestyle choices can lead to a loss of function over time. Science recommends focusing on a nutrient-rich diet, regular exercise, and quality sleep to maintain optimal health and wellness, as these aspects are interconnected and beneficial for various areas of well-being.
The dōTERRA® MetaPWR™ system can help you optimize your metabolism, curb cravings, shed excess weight, and have more stamina throughout your day. It can also help to slow biological aging and extend your health-span. dōTERRA® MetaPWR™ is not a single product. It’s an entire SYSTEM designed to help you optimize your metabolic health. These products combined with healthy lifestyle choices, are a powerful key for unlocking your personal wellness.
MetaPWR™ Metabolic Assist features mulberry leaf extract which has been shown to reduce post-meal blood sugar spikes by 42% when taken with your meal. When you take MetaPWR™ Metabolic Assist before a meal, the mulberry leaf extract helps your body to metabolize what you just ate more slowly.* Of course, MetaPWR Assist is designed to be paired with a healthy, whole-food approach to eating.
MetaPWR™ Metabolic Blend combines powerful essential oils known to promote a healthy metabolism when ingested.
dōTERRA® MetaPWR™ Advantage provides nine types of collagen tripeptides from sustainable marine sources, infused with dōTERRA® CPTG® essential oils. We are truly emphasizing the whole-body role of collagen.
The key ingredients in MetaPWR™ Advantage give your cells what they need to combat cellular deterioration. The result is slower biological aging; firmer, more elastic skin; improved cognitive function; more lean muscle and connective tissue.
Whether you want to transform your life or are just looking for a wellness tune-up, the 30-Day Metabolic Support Course can take your wellness to the next level. This course takes you through 30 days of simple, step-by-step lessons and daily challenges focused on nutrition, digestion, movement, and metabolism. The only products you’ll need to complete the challenge are the doTERRA Lifelong Vitality Pack® (LLV) and the MetaPWR Metabolic System.


The Misereor-funded pilot project “Promoting Ethnoveterinary Medicine for Sustainable Animal Husbandry Practices in Northern Ghana” (Ethnovet Project) started in October 2019 and continued until May 2023. It sought to improve the health and productivity of livestock kept by male and female small-scale farmers through increased recognition and use of ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) as a complementary and integral part of veterinary services in northern Ghana. It looked at both traditional practices and innovations in EVM and involved joint research by farmers and scientists.
The project was carried out in four districts in northern Ghana by the Prolinnova–Ghana host organisation ACDEP in partnership with the Animal Research Institute of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, the Veterinary Services Department of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture, the Central Veterinary Laboratory Pong-Tamale, the Center for Plant Medicine Research and the Animal Science Department of the University for Development Studies in Tamale. The Swiss Public and Tropical Health Institute backstopped the local project-implementation team.
In this 30-page end-of-project report, the Ethnovet Project coordinator Foster Awuni describes the context, the stakeholders involved, the activities carried out and outputs generated, the challenges addressed, the extent to which project objectives were achieved, and the lessons learnt for a follow-on EVM project. The report draws upon the project monitoring and evaluation system, self-evaluation by project stakeholders and an external evaluation of the project in late 2022.


Following the first-ever fetal heart intervention in Vietnam, a healthy baby boy weighing 2.9 kg was joyously delivered at Tu Du Hospital after 37 weeks of pregnancy. The cesarean section performed by BS.CK2 Tran Ngoc Hai, Director of Tu Du Hospital, revealed that the baby cried loudly and did not require respiratory support, exceeding initial expectations.
On January 30, the neonatal resuscitation teams of Tu Du Hospital and Children’s Hospital 1 collaborated to assess the baby’s health immediately after birth. Despite expectations of potential respiratory support, the baby cried robustly, demonstrating good health. An ultrasound performed in the operating room confirmed adequate blood flow through the previously narrowed area of the baby’s heart.
Dr. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, Deputy Director of Children’s Hospital 1, expressed motivation to continue fetal interventions upon witnessing the emotional moment of the pregnant woman holding her healthy baby during skin-to-skin contact.
The baby will undergo evaluations and heart condition assessments at Children’s Hospital 1, with a congenital heart disease treatment plan to follow.
This landmark achievement marks one of the first two fetal heart interventions in Vietnam, conducted collaboratively by medical professionals from Children’s Hospital 1 and Tu Du Hospital. The second pregnant woman, more than 31 weeks pregnant, has shown positive development in the fetus and cardiovascular condition without worsening. She has been discharged for regular follow-up examinations.
While fetal intervention presents impressive results, it involves potential risks during and after surgery, such as hemopericardium, slow heart rate leading to cardiac arrest, premature labor, and premature rupture of membranes. Nevertheless, the technique prevents the serious progression of heart issues, leveraging the fetus’s self-repairing stem cells to increase the likelihood of a healthy birth.
Tang Chi Thuong, Director of the Department of Health in Ho Chi Minh City, commended the technique of fetal cardiac catheterization as a daring endeavor, acknowledging the need for precise expertise and coordination between hospitals. This groundbreaking technique has been nominated for the 2023 Vietnam Medical Achievement Award.
Minister of Health Dao Hong Lan expressed delight in a letter to the medical staff of the two hospitals, emphasizing the complexity and high expertise required for such interventions. She hopes that the success of these interventions will position Vietnam as a reliable destination for fetal congenital heart interventions on the global medical map.


The Rare Iberian Lynx
The exquisite rare Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is the most endangered wild cat species on earth. This critically endangered species once roamed freely among the olive groves and the cork oak forests of Portugal and Spain. If the lynx goes extinct it will be the first feline since the saber tooth tiger to suffer that fate! The latest report is that there are now 309 living in the wild up from 94 reported in 2002. Breeding and conservation efforts are being implemented in Portugal and Spain to revive the Iberian Lynx. Why invest in saving a dying species? For us it is about remembering our own wild nature, and the delicate balance of life. The word lynx comes from the Greek “to shine” due perhaps to their beautiful shining golden eyes. As our unique products are rare, we have chosen this beautiful creature as our emblem.
Artwork by Roberto Ribeira for Rare Lynx
The Lynx Society: Founders of Modern Natural Science
Rare Lynx also pays tribute to the 17th century Academy of Linceans (Lynx-eyed), considered the first founders of modern natural history, Galileo being their most famous member. The Linceans, inspired by the keen eye, stealth, and mysterious nature of the lynx, were devoted to recording their intensive observations of the inner and outer nature of plants, animals and minerals, of the New and Old World, utilizing Galileo’s new instrument, the microscope, through gloriously detailed meticulous drawings.