The harm and benefits of the keto diet, contraindications and possible health consequences
The ketogenic diet is currently at its peak, popularized by celebrities such as Kim Kardashian, Megan Fox, Riana and Matthew McConaughey. Before blindly believing in the PR of the next elixir of harmony, you need to figure out whether this method of being in good physical shape is so perfect, and what harm the keto diet can do to the body later.
In Search of the Perfect Diet
Until now, no such diet for weight loss has been found, in which there is a rapid burning of fat, there is no feeling of hunger, and the state of health is getting better and better every day. Every diet has its flaw, which is why there is someone describing the harm of another invented way to eat in order to lose weight.
So the ketogenic diet (in another way it is called a carbohydrate-free) has not only its supporters, but also opponents who are ready, on a scientific basis and the results of experimental research, to tell you why the keto diet is harmful and what to expect if you deprive the body of carbohydrate nutrition.
Ketosis is the basis of the popular diet
In a normal diet, carbohydrates are the main source of energy. After entering the body, as a result of several chemical reactions, they are converted into glucose, which is necessary for the functioning of the brain, central nervous system and other organs. The excess of the resulting glucose is placed in the glycogen depot. From there, it is removed as needed between meals. If these reserves are exhausted, then the energy is taken from the stored fats.
That is, in the normal state, carbohydrates are used by the body as a source of energy, and fats are stored. In the absence of carbohydrates, ketone bodies derived from fat cells are a backup source of nutrition.
In order for the body to enter such a state of metabolism, the amount of carbohydrates supplied with food for 3-4 days should not exceed 20 g per day. During this time, all glycogen stores will be depleted and the breakdown of fats will begin to obtain the necessary energy. That is, a process called ketosis will start.
The essence of the ketogenic diet is that the main source of energy in the body - carbohydrates is reduced to a minimum, and the alternative - the breakdown of fats increases. This method of nutrition was originally used to treat patients with epilepsy and diabetes mellitus.
Currently, it is often prescribed in complex therapy for cancer patients, patients with Parkenson's or Alzheimer's disease, for the treatment of acne, since an excess of fast carbohydrates is one of the causes of the spread of acne.
Doctors still consider ketogen to be more useful for health improvement than for weight loss. When carbohydrates are burned, many free radicals are formed that attack and damage cells. When using fats, radicals harmful to the body are released much less.
What is allowed and what is not?
To understand the essence of nutrition and to understand for yourself whether the keto diet is harmful to health or not, you need to get to know it better, find out the menu, diet, nutritional rules and contraindications.
The menu should be based on the main principle - the exclusion of carbohydrates from the diet. Therefore, you can eat any food you want. Only on one condition: that they do not contain any carbohydrates, whether fast or slow.
Also, when drawing up the menu, it is necessary to observe the main rule of any diet for weight loss: the number of incoming calories per day should be less than the amount consumed over the same period.
If these two main rules are observed, then you can expect results for weight loss, fats will begin to burn when ketosis occurs. All that remains is to draw up a keto diet menu, which, if possible, will take into account all the pros and cons.
Based on the basic principle of the ketogenic diet, you should exclude from the diet:
- all flour products - pasta, confectionery, baked goods;
- sweets - sweets, jams;
- any sweet drinks;
- vegetables with a high starch content - potatoes, corn, legumes;
- cereals - semolina, oatmeal, rice, and others.
It will be hard for those with a sweet tooth. But they must decide for themselves which is more important: the taste of chocolate candy and favorite strawberry jam or the feeling of a slim, beautiful body.
The keto diet includes all foods that do not contain carbohydrates, do not raise blood sugar levels, and prevent the body from stopping the fat burning process. This:
- meat, fish, seafood in any form;
- fresh and sour milk without fillers or sweeteners;
- eggs without limits;
- vegetable oils;
- green vegetables, lettuce;
- tomatoes, pumpkin, avocado;
- some nuts and berries of any kind;
- coffee, tea without sugar, unsweetened mineral water.
Milk should be limited in quantity as it contains milk sugar. Saturated fats in meat and dairy products should not exceed 13 g per day. And vegetable oil, avocados and nuts should be present in the diet every day. It is these products that are considered the basis in the famous Mediterranean diet. Considering that 1 medium-sized apple contains 20 g of sugar, you can allow half of the fruit to be eaten for an afternoon snack.
Looking at the list of what is allowed on the keto diet, you can create a menu. Below is an example of meals for 1 day. Already from it you can understand that the body will not wait for energy help from food.
- natural yogurt - 100 g;
- cottage cheese - 100 g;
- berries - 30 g;
- olive oil - 20 g;
- coffee - 200 ml.
- chicken fillet - 80 g;
- green beans - 100 g;
- vegetable oil - 25 g;
- tomatoes - 60 g;
- green tea - 200 ml.
- cheese - 20 g;
- avocado - 50 g;
- nuts - 20 g;
- mineral water - 200 ml.
- fish - 80 g;
- cabbage salad - 100 g;
- olive oil - 25 g.
Before bed, you can drink a glass of kefir or natural liquid yogurt. Ketogenic nutrition suppresses the production of the hormone ghrelin, which is responsible for feeling hungry. Therefore, a properly selected menu will allow you to spend time on a diet without an acute feeling of hunger and a constant desire for something to eat.
What rules need to be followed?
In order to prevent the dangers of the keto diet from causing great damage to the body, it is recommended to first prepare the body by gradually removing carbohydrates from your diet. First of all, you need to reduce the use of sweet and starchy foods. You should study which foods are fast carbohydrates, completely abandon them, cutting their diet by about 20% every day. In parallel, you should increase the amount of healthy fats.
After getting ready, you can switch to keto. At the beginning of the diet, the composition of the consumed food should be in a certain ratio of fats, proteins and carbohydrates: 60%, 30% and 10% of the daily calorie intake.
In order to start the process of breaking down fats, the level of glucose in the blood must drop to minimum values and hold out in this amount for 2 days. This alone will help the body start using fat as an energy source.
How is the adaptation of the organism going?
At the very beginning of ketogenics, due to a lack of insulin in the blood, unpleasant sensations may appear that not everyone can easily endure. You need to know about them in order to be ready and not afraid. This:
- bad breath;
- decreased physical activity.
These side effects are called the keto flu. To soften the body's response to dietary changes, it is recommended to drink plenty of water, as well as add potassium, magnesium and sodium supplements to your diet.
Several well-known diets are inherently ketogenic. For example, protein, low carbohydrate, no carbohydrate. In them, the main principle is to reduce the amount of consumed carbohydrates before the onset of ketosis.
Who is prohibited from the keto diet?
The state of ketosis is not entirely natural for the body. It is included in the work as a backup option only when there is no habitual diet, that is, if suddenly there is a hunger. As you know, hunger is not always useful, and for a certain category of people, it is even dangerous, since it does not provide the body with the elements it needs.
Especially careful should be those for whom the ketogenic diet has contraindications. And this:
- pregnant women;
- people with chronic liver and kidney diseases;
- having a disorder in the immune system;
- those who consume alcohol and use anabolic sports supplements.
In addition, this type of diet requires a lot of water to avoid toxicosis. And this may be unacceptable for some diseases.
What achievements can you achieve?
To understand if the keto diet is worth considering, you need to know about the pros and cons that it can lead to. In addition to losing 5 kg of weight per month and a feeling of lightness throughout the body, the plus is that you can remove the dependence on sweets and make a balanced diet for later life.
The benefits of starch-free vegetables will be appreciated. These are: asparagus, broccoli, spinach. These foods are rich in dietary fiber, which is beneficial for the intestines. They are low in calories and can be eaten in large quantities.
Why is the keto diet dangerous?
The ketogenic diet involves a dramatic change in the way you eat. This means that the body will receive a certain amount of stress and may not react positively. The main harm of the ketone diet may not be due to the lack of carbohydrates. The brain is able to function normally on ketone bodies. The state of the body will be deplorably affected by a diet poor in vitamins and other important elements.
Before deciding to switch to this type of diet, you should be aware of the possible consequences. It is on them that opponents of the ketogenic diet focus. Here are the main cons of the keto diet:
- Being in ketosis causes high levels of methionine, glutamine, asparagine and other amino acids that cancer cells depend on. Consequently, the risk of developing cancer is increased.
- Increased consumption of animal fats leads to an increase in cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels, the formation of atherosclerosis and problems with the cardiovascular system.
- The exclusion of fruits and a large number of vegetables from the menu leads to the fact that a prolonged lack of fiber contributes to the appearance of constipation and disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. And the deficiency of essential vitamins and minerals negatively affects the general condition.
- The body loses the habit of processing carbohydrates and even a small intake of glucose can cause a sharp jump in blood sugar levels. This can trigger diabetes.
- With prolonged ketone nutrition (more than 1. 5 months), the level of ammonia in the blood rises, and this leads to general intoxication of the body and disruption of hormonal balance.
- There is an unpleasant odor of acetone from the mouth, body and urine.
- Weakness, dizziness appear, efficiency decreases, concentration of attention worsens. All this significantly reduces the quality of life both at work and at home.
Scientific studies have shown that, in addition to raising ammonia in the blood, the amount of bad cholesterol increases due to the increased consumption of animal fats. Since the amount of protein in the diet is small, muscular dystrophy gradually sets in, and kidney stones form.
It can be concluded that the keto diet is only suitable for completely healthy people without any health problems and confident that they can survive without carbohydrates for 6-8 weeks.
The Effects of the Keto Diet
In recent years, scientific organizations have conducted many controlled studies on which diet is most beneficial and which is harmful. This was done for the purpose of commercial offer to potential buyers of healthy food products.
Here's what the data has been collected and published on the health benefits of the keto diet:
- People who follow a low-carb diet have a shorter life expectancy than those who have unlimited slow carbs in their diet.
- Those who exclude vegetables and fruits from their diet are 32% more susceptible to various diseases compared to those who consume them in sufficient quantities.
- A comparison of low-carb versus low-fat diets in overweight people has shown that cutting fat on the menu is more effective than cutting carbs.
- Also compared the results of the keto diet with the results obtained from a diet high in slow carbohydrates at the same calorie content. A diet high in sugars has resulted in more weight loss than a ketogenic diet in the same amount of time.
This conclusion is not in favor of a low-carb keto diet. Apparently, a stressful state activates the body to overcome a negative situation and does not allow one to calmly part with an alternative source of nutrition.
The keto diet, especially long-term, is not suitable for people who need to be active or have daily physical activity. These people include athletes. In the absence of the required amount of carbohydrates, the muscles will not be able to perform strength exercises.
But athletes are very enthusiastic and motivated people who are used to getting their way. Therefore, they found a suitable solution to get the benefits of the keto diet and reduce the possible harm. They began to use the so-called interval or cyclic diet. She combines ketone and carbohydrate, alternating them day by day. From Monday to Thursday evening, the athlete eats ketone, then fills the body with calories using carbohydrate foods until Sunday. Eats on Sunday by reducing carbohydrates and introducing healthy fats into the diet. This type of diet allows you to burn fat and at the same time build muscle mass, making your muscles bumpy.
Doctors do not recommend sticking to the keto diet for long. In order not to harm the body, it is recommended to do 1 fasting day a week. On this day, the body can be fed with carbohydrates.
Is control mandatory?
Before starting a keto diet, you need to visit a doctor to decide with him whether this method of eating will bring harm or benefit to the body. To do this, it is necessary to donate blood and urine for a general analysis, biochemistry, for sugar and insulin content. Long-term ketogenic nutrition (more than 2 weeks) is required under medical supervision. And when unpleasant symptoms appear, you need to contact him for advice.
How to safely enter ketosis?
It has been proven that the state of ketosis, when the body is on carbohydrate starvation and begins to burn its own fat stores, is very beneficial. This state can be achieved without the use of a ketogenic diet. You just need to go on a water hunger strike for 3-4 days.
As a result, autophagy occurs in the body, and the cells begin to self-purify, stem cells are activated, and the immune system regenerates. Such short-term fasting must be carried out periodically in order to cleanse the body and its self-healing.
A long-term keto diet has many disadvantages, the consequences of which are far from being investigated. The mere fact that a carbohydrate-free state is unnatural for the body should make one think before going on such a diet.


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I have been going through Scripture to read about the various mentions of the fig tree and my what an amazing study it has been so far. The fig tree is mentioned in 54 different passages in the Bible. It is first mentioned in Genesis 3 when Adam and Eve sewed fig leaves together to cover themselves. It goes on being mentioned through Scripture even until Revelation 6:13 when it says “and the stars of the sky fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs when shaken by a great wind.”
Since God saw fit to place the fig tree in His Word 54 times I started to wonder why. I, probably like most people, know nothing about fig trees or how they are grown. My only thoughts are that it was a kind of fruit. However, I have found out that even in that opinion I am wrong. A fig is actually called an inflorescence which is —a cluster of many flowers and seeds contained inside a bulbous stem. These flowers are encased inside the shell of the fig so how does the fig grow?
Ironically what we consider the fruit only grows because of a death. Most figs are pollinated by a fig wasp which crawls inside of the bud of the fig tree and pollinates the flowers or what we see as the fruit. This wasp more often than not dies after completing this task. As it enters the tightly packed bud it often tears its wings off and later dies after spreading the pollen it has suffered to carry inside the bud. It is because of the wasp’s sacrifice that the fruit can bloom and grow.
So why the lesson on figs and wasps? I couldn’t help but see the parallel between the wasp who sacrifices to produce the fig and how we come to salvation because of Jesus’ sacrifice. He pushed into the very heart of darkness so that He could overcome death and sin. He suffered and paid the price for our lives. He then sent the Holy Spirit to help us grow and develop in our relationship with the Father just as the pollen distributed by the wasp helps the figs grow.
So as I continue this study about the fig tree I will be grateful that the first lesson He is teaching me is a reminder of all Jesus did to ensure that I could come into relationship with the Father.


Eating a healthy diet filled with plenty of vitamins and minerals is crucial for COVID recovery. Nourishing your body with nutrient-packed foods can support immune health and aid in the healing process. Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of essential nutrients that can help rebuild your immune system and promote overall wellness.
Hydration is also essential during recovery. Fluids such as broths, fresh juices, and electrolyte solutions can help maintain hydration levels and support the body’s healing process.
When it comes to specific foods for COVID recovery, focus on those that are rich in immune-boosting nutrients. Vitamin C, found in fruits like kiwis, berries, oranges, sweet potatoes, and peppers, can help support your immune system. Protein sources such as lean chicken, turkey, lentils, beans, and tofu are important for healing and immune support. Foods rich in vitamin D, like salmon, tuna, egg yolks, milk, and orange juice, can also contribute to overall immune health.
It’s important to note that processed foods, sugary snacks, and greasy/fatty foods should be avoided during the recovery period, as they can worsen symptoms and hinder the healing process.
- Eating a healthy diet is essential for COVID recovery.
- Fresh fruits and vegetables are the best sources of essential nutrients.
- Hydration is crucial, and fluids like broths and fresh juices can help maintain hydration levels.
- Foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin D, and protein are beneficial for healing and immune support.
- Avoid processed foods, sugary snacks, and greasy/fatty foods during recovery.
Why Eating Well is Important for COVID Recovery
A healthy diet is crucial for supporting recovery from COVID-19. It provides the body with essential nutrients, energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals that are necessary for healing and restoring overall health. By consuming a well-balanced diet, individuals can help rebuild muscles, maintain a strong immune system, and increase energy levels, all of which aid in the recovery process.
During COVID recovery, it is important to keep track of weight and recognize signs of weight loss, as maintaining muscle strength is key to promoting healing. Opting for whole foods, without added sugar, salt, and saturated fat, is the best way to ensure an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals. These whole foods, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains, provide a wide range of essential nutrients that support immune function and overall well-being.
A healthy diet for COVID recovery should be focused on nourishing the body with foods that are rich in essential nutrients. This includes incorporating a variety of fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidants and vitamin C, which can help boost the immune system. Protein-rich foods like lean meats, poultry, fish, legumes, and tofu are important for rebuilding damaged tissues and supporting the body’s healing process.
It is not uncommon for individuals recovering from COVID to experience alterations in taste or smell. Despite these changes, it is important to eat when the appetite is at its best. Even if the taste of certain foods may be different, consuming a nutrient-dense diet remains crucial for recovery. A balanced diet that includes a variety of flavors and textures can help stimulate appetite and improve the eating experience.
“A healthy diet post-COVID is essential for providing the body with the necessary nutrients it needs to recover, heal, and regain strength.”
Furthermore, staying hydrated is essential during COVID recovery. Adequate fluid intake, including water and other hydrating drinks, helps maintain hydration levels, supports digestion, and aids in overall healing. Hydration is particularly important when experiencing symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Throughout the recovery process, it is crucial to listen to your body’s needs and make adjustments to your diet accordingly. Consulting with a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian can provide individualized guidance and support in optimizing nutrition during COVID recovery.
Best Foods for COVID Recovery
To support your immune system and aid in post-COVID recovery, it is important to include nutrient-rich foods in your diet. Here are some of the top foods that can boost your immune system and help you recover faster:
- Fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C: Kiwis, berries, oranges, sweet potatoes, and peppers are excellent sources of vitamin C, which enhances immune function and promotes healing.
- Protein sources for healing and immune support: Include lean chicken, turkey, lentils, beans, and tofu in your meals to provide essential amino acids for tissue repair and strengthen your immune system.
- Foods with vitamin D for overall immune health: Salmon, tuna, egg yolks, milk, and orange juice are great sources of vitamin D, which plays a crucial role in immune function.
Additionally, make sure to maintain proper hydration by drinking water, broths, fresh juices, and electrolyte solutions to replenish fluids lost during recovery.
Remember, a well-balanced diet that includes these immune-boosting foods can help speed up your recovery process and support overall wellness.
Managing Nausea and Altered Sense of Taste
Nausea and altered sense of taste are common symptoms experienced by COVID patients. These symptoms can make it challenging to find pleasure in food and maintain a healthy diet. However, there are strategies and remedies that can help manage these symptoms and support the recovery process.
One natural remedy for nausea is ginger. Ginger tea or ginger candy can be soothing and help alleviate feelings of queasiness. Mint tea is another option that can have a calming effect on the stomach. Additionally, acupressure, which involves applying pressure to specific points on the body, may provide relief from nausea.
When faced with an altered sense of taste, it is important to continue consuming nutrient-rich foods to support the body’s healing process. Despite the challenge of enjoying meals without the full perception of taste, maintaining good nutrition is crucial for recovery. Taking care of yourself through proper nutrition and rest can also contribute to the return of your sense of smell and taste.
Experimenting with different flavors and smells may help stimulate your appetite and improve the overall eating experience. Finding foods that smell good to you can enhance your desire to eat, even if taste is affected. Although it may be frustrating, it is important to remain patient and continue exploring various food options.
Loss of Appetite and COVID Recovery
Loss of appetite is a common symptom of COVID. When experiencing a lack of appetite, it is important to find ways to nourish the body and ensure adequate nutrition for recovery. Here are some guidelines and food options that can help:
- Stick with bland foods: The BRAT diet, which consists of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can be helpful for individuals with a loss of appetite. These foods are easy to digest and can provide essential nutrients without overwhelming the taste buds.
- Consider individual preferences: Some individuals may find comfort in dry and salty foods, while others may prefer cool, sweet, and refreshing options. Pay attention to personal preferences and include foods that are most appealing to the individual.
- Try ginger: Ginger has been used for centuries to manage nausea and improve appetite. Ginger tea or ginger candy can help stimulate the digestive system and increase appetite.
- Eat small, frequent meals: Instead of trying to consume large meals, opt for smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This can help prevent overwhelming the digestive system and make eating more manageable.
- Focus on nourishing liquids: In addition to solid foods, incorporating nourishing liquids can provide essential nutrients and hydration. Soups, smoothies, and protein-rich drinks can be good options.
- Incorporate protein-rich foods: Protein is important for healing and recovery. Include protein-rich foods such as lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and legumes in the diet to support nutritional needs.
Remember that everyone’s experience with loss of appetite can vary, so it may be necessary to experiment with different foods and approaches to find what works best for each individual. Consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance and support in managing nutrition during the recovery process.
Coping with Loss of Taste
One of the devastating symptoms of COVID is the loss of taste. It can make mealtime frustrating and challenging, but there are ways to cope with this frustrating symptom and still enjoy food.
Adding acidity and spices to foods can help stimulate taste buds. Try incorporating ingredients like lemon juice, vinegar, or hot sauce into your dishes to enhance their flavor. The tanginess and heat can help bring out subtle tastes that you may still be able to detect.
Another trick is to make water more appealing by adding a squeeze of lemon juice or a few fresh mint leaves. The refreshing taste and aroma can make it more enjoyable to drink and help keep you hydrated.
Experimenting with flavors and trying new things can also promote your appetite and enjoyment of food. Don’t be afraid to get creative in the kitchen and get adventurous with your recipes. You might discover new favorite flavors and textures that you wouldn’t have tried otherwise.
Remember, taste and smell are closely linked, so finding foods with strong aromas can also enhance your eating experience. Opt for dishes with aromatic ingredients like garlic, onions, herbs, and spices. The enticing smells can stimulate your appetite and make your meals more satisfying.
“Adding acidity and spices to foods can help stimulate taste buds. Try incorporating ingredients like lemon juice, vinegar, or hot sauce into your dishes to enhance their flavor.”
Although losing your sense of taste can be disheartening, it’s essential to continue nourishing your body during COVID recovery. By implementing these strategies to enhance the flavors of your meals, you can still find pleasure and satisfaction in your food.
Foods to Avoid During COVID Recovery
During the recovery process from COVID-19, it is crucial to be mindful of the foods you consume. Certain foods can worsen symptoms and hinder the healing process. By avoiding unhealthy options and making wise dietary choices, you can aid in your recovery and promote overall well-being.
Avoid Greasy, Fried, and Fatty Foods
Greasy, fried, and fatty foods should be avoided during COVID recovery. These foods can be difficult to digest and may exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms commonly experienced during illness. Instead, opt for healthier cooking methods such as steaming, baking, or grilling to reduce the intake of unhealthy fats.
Minimize Foods with Added Sugars and Processed Ingredients
Foods with added sugars and highly processed ingredients should be kept to a minimum. These foods offer little nutritional value and can contribute to inflammation in the body, potentially slowing down the recovery process. It is best to choose whole, natural foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Avoid Alcohol and Caffeine
Alcohol and caffeine should be minimized during COVID recovery. Both substances can interfere with sleep patterns and dehydrate the body. Adequate rest and hydration are essential for recovery, so it is important to prioritize these factors during this time.
Choose Real Food Over Supplements
While supplements can be beneficial in some cases, it is best to obtain essential nutrients from real food sources whenever possible. There are numerous claims surrounding supplements, but it is important to approach them with caution and consult with a healthcare professional for guidance.
Listen to Your Body
During the recovery process, it is important to listen to your body and make note of how certain foods affect you. Every individual’s experience with COVID-19 may vary, so it is crucial to pay attention to any symptoms or reactions. By identifying foods that exacerbate symptoms, you can make informed choices that support your successful recovery.
Remember that a balanced and nutritious diet plays a vital role in your overall well-being. By avoiding unhealthy foods, you can aid in your recovery from COVID-19 and improve your chances of a speedy and successful healing process.
Consider Taking Vitamin or Mineral Supplements
If you are unable to eat enough food or are not able to consume all the recommended food groups, you may consider taking a multivitamin and mineral supplement. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before taking any supplements. Some vitamins and minerals can be dangerous if taken in large amounts, and it is best to get nutrients from real food sources whenever possible.
Supplements can be beneficial in providing the essential vitamins and minerals that your body needs to support COVID recovery. They can help fill any nutrient gaps and ensure that you are getting an adequate intake of important nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc.
When to Consider Supplements:
- If your appetite is reduced and you are unable to consume enough food to meet your nutritional needs.
- If you have specific dietary restrictions or preferences that may limit your intake of certain nutrients.
- If you have a medical condition that affects nutrient absorption, such as malabsorption disorders.
- If you are a vegetarian or vegan and may have difficulty obtaining certain nutrients from plant-based sources.
Remember, supplements should not replace a well-balanced diet. It’s important to continue consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods as your primary source of vitamins and minerals. Consultation with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can help determine if supplements are necessary and provide guidance on choosing the right ones for your individual needs.
“Supplements should be used to complement a healthy diet, not replace it.”
The Role of Real Food:
While supplements can provide additional support, it is important to prioritize real food sources whenever possible. Whole foods contain a wide range of beneficial compounds and nutrients that work together synergistically to support immune health and overall well-being.
Real food sources offer the advantage of providing other essential components like fiber, antioxidants, and phytochemicals that are not present in supplements. These compounds play a crucial role in the body’s immune response and may have additional health benefits beyond just meeting basic nutritional needs.
Importance of Hydration and Fluid Intake
Staying well-hydrated is essential during COVID recovery. Hydration helps support the healing process and maintain overall health. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day to stay hydrated and replenish lost fluids.
Water is the best choice for hydration and should be consumed regularly. It helps to cleanse the body, aids in digestion, and maintains optimal function of body organs. Other hydrating drinks such as herbal teas, electrolyte solutions, and broths can also provide valuable hydration during the recovery period.
For individuals who may struggle to meet their nutritional needs, milk-based drinks or milk alternatives can be consumed to ensure adequate fluid intake. These options not only provide hydration but also deliver additional nutrients like protein, which are crucial for recovery.
When consuming fluids, it is advisable to take them in between meals rather than alongside solid food. This allows for optimal digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food consumed.
Thickened Supplements for Swallowing Difficulties
For individuals experiencing swallowing difficulties, thickened supplements may be a safer and more manageable option. These supplements are designed to assist with swallowing and can help ensure proper hydration and nutritional intake during the recovery process.
“Staying well-hydrated is essential during COVID recovery. Adequate fluid intake is crucial for maintaining hydration levels and supporting the healing process.” – Dr. Emily Johnson, Nutrition Specialist
Credit: Source: seowriting.ai
- Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal teas, and broths, to stay hydrated.
- Consider milk-based drinks or milk alternatives for additional hydration and nutrients.
- Consume fluids between meals to optimize digestion.
- Thickened supplements may be beneficial for individuals with swallowing difficulties.
Guidelines for Overall Health and Nutrition
To support your recovery and regain strength after COVID, it is crucial to prioritize a well-rounded and nutritious diet. Incorporating a variety of healthy foods into your daily meals can provide essential nutrients and promote overall health. Here are some guidelines for maintaining a healthy eating plan post-COVID:
Adequate Intake of Fruits and Vegetables
Include plenty of fruits and vegetables in your diet as they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support immune health and aid in recovery. Aim for at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day, choosing a variety of colors to ensure a diverse nutrient intake.
Protein-rich Foods for Healing and Immune Support
Ensure your diet includes an adequate amount of protein to support healing and immune function. Opt for lean sources of protein such as poultry, fish, beans, lentils, and tofu. These foods provide essential amino acids necessary for tissue repair and recovery.
Whole-grain Foods for Sustained Energy
Integrate whole-grain foods into your meals to maintain steady energy levels throughout the day. Choose options like whole wheat bread, brown rice, quinoa, and oats. These foods are rich in fiber and provide essential nutrients for optimal health.
Making Water the Drink of Choice
Hydration is essential for recovery, so make water your primary beverage. Aim to drink at least 8 cups of water per day. Proper hydration helps maintain body functions, aids digestion, and supports nutrient absorption.
“Eating a variety of healthy foods is crucial post-COVID to provide the body with essential nutrients for recovery and overall well-being.” – Dr. Samantha Smith, Registered Dietitian
Following these guidelines can help you optimize your nutrition and support your overall health during the recovery period. It is also beneficial to seek guidance from a registered dietitian for personalized advice tailored to your specific needs and goals. Remember, healthy eating is a vital component of your journey towards a successful recovery.
Nourishing your body with a healthy diet is crucial for COVID recovery. Choosing nutrient-rich foods that provide adequate hydration, protein, vitamins, and minerals can support the healing process and strengthen your immune system. During the recovery period, listen to your body, experiment with different foods, and find what works best for you.
Consulting with healthcare professionals and registered dietitians can provide personalized support and guidance in optimizing your nutrition for a successful recovery. They can help create a tailored plan that takes into account your specific needs and preferences to ensure you are getting the right nutrients.
Remember, recovery is a journey, and each person’s experience is unique. By nourishing your body with the right foods and seeking professional guidance, you can maximize your chances of bouncing back stronger and regaining your health.
What are the best foods for COVID recovery?
The best foods for COVID recovery include fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C, protein sources like lean chicken and lentils, foods with vitamin D such as salmon and milk, and fluids like water and fresh juices.
Why is eating well important for COVID recovery?
Eating a healthy diet post-COVID provides the body with essential nutrients, supports immune health, aids in healing, and provides energy for the recovery process.
How can I manage nausea and altered sense of taste during COVID recovery?
Natural remedies such as ginger tea, mint tea, and acupressure can help manage nausea. Adding acidity and spices to foods can help stimulate taste buds and improve the eating experience.
What should I eat if I have a loss of appetite during COVID recovery?
If you have a loss of appetite, it is recommended to stick with bland foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet). Some individuals find comfort in dry and salty foods, while others prefer cool, sweet, and refreshing foods.
How can I cope with the loss of taste during COVID recovery?
Adding acidity and spices to foods, experimenting with flavors and smells, and trying new things can help stimulate taste buds. Finding foods that smell enticing and have strong aromas may also improve the eating experience.
What foods should I avoid during COVID recovery?
It is best to avoid greasy, fried, fatty foods, processed foods, foods with added sugars, alcohol, and caffeine as they can worsen symptoms and delay healing.
Should I consider taking vitamin or mineral supplements during COVID recovery?
If you are unable to eat enough food or consume all recommended food groups, you may consider taking a multivitamin and mineral supplement. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian before taking any supplements.
How important is hydration and fluid intake during COVID recovery?
Staying well-hydrated is essential during COVID recovery. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, including water, broths, and other hydrating drinks.
What are some guidelines for overall health and nutrition during COVID recovery?
It is important to eat a variety of healthy foods every day, including plenty of vegetables and fruits, protein-rich foods, and whole-grain foods. Making water the drink of choice is also recommended. Consulting a registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance and support.
What are the key takeaways for COVID recovery nutrition?
Nourishing the body with a healthy diet that includes nutrient-rich foods is essential for COVID recovery. Adequate hydration, protein, vitamins, and minerals support the healing process and boost the immune system.


Zucchini – Hydrates your Skin:
Water flushes out harmful toxins from your body and is very beneficial for your skin. Zucchini, with high water content, helps in hydrating your skin.
Zucchini – Helps in the formation of Collagen:
Collagen is necessary for healthy skin and the healing of wounds. Collagen requires the amino acid cholin for its formation, which in turn requires manganese for its production. Zucchini is rich in manganese. So consuming zucchini is very beneficial for the formation of collagen.


Microdacyn Wound Care 120ml (please note a freight charge applies)
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Microdacyn is a patented Super Oxidised Solution (SOS) for superior wound healing first approved by the FDA in 2005.
The unique SOS technology creates a triple mode of action that significantly reduces time to wound healing, including severe wounds such as Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU), Venous Ulcers and Burns. The powerful antimicrobial effect replicates one of the body’s own defence mechanisms against pathogens.
Microdacyn destroys bacteria (including drug resistant bacteria (‘super bugs’), viruses, fungi and spores in a matter of seconds. While the pH neutral, non-cytotoxic solution leaves human cells completely unharmed.


Sapphire Utility Solutions Plant Trees to Improve the Local Environment
At Sapphire Utility Solutions, we are committed to environmental sustainability. We believe that trees play an important role in improving the environment, and that they can help to reduce pollution, improve air quality, and provide a habitat for wildlife.
That’s why we’re proud to announce that we’ve teamed up with Bristol County Council to plant trees in the local area.The trees, which were planted in collaboration with Bristol Learning City and Trees for Streets.
The trees that were planted are Silver Birch trees and Cherry trees. Silver Birch trees are known for their beautiful white bark and their ability to grow in a variety of conditions. Cherry trees are known for their beautiful flowers, which bloom in the spring.
We’re committed to caring for the environment, and we believe that trees are an important part of a sustainable future. We’re proud to be working with Bristol County Council to improve the local environment, and we hope that our efforts will make a positive impact.
Here are some statistics about the environment that we believe are important to share:
- • Deforestation accounts for 12% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
- • Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps to mitigate climate change.
- • Trees provide a habitat for wildlife and help to improve air quality.
- • Trees can also help to reduce flooding and improve water quality.


Flora & Fauna
Thistledown is managed in a way that promotes habitat and biodiversity. We have been a wildlife receptor site since 2006 and in that time we’ve re-homed thousands of slow worms as well as many snakes and newts. Despite being numerous, you aren’t likely to spot slow worms, and you’ll be very lucky if you see a grass snake! You can often find newts by visiting the ponds at night and shining a torch around the shallows. Chances are that you’ll see smooth, palmate or great crested newts, or maybe all three!
We mow parts of the fields to create pitching areas for tents. Around this we leave swathes of long grass and wildflowers, which are excellent habitat and promote biodiversity. You are likely to see numerous butterfly species such as skippers, red admirals, gatekeepers, white letter hairstreaks and many more. If you are fortunate then you may see glow worms in early summer. During adulthood, the females only live for a couple of weeks, and each night they climb up a blade of grass in search of a mate. The males are attracted by the females’ luminescence; they do not glow themselves. The wide range of moths and beetles means that we also have 14 of the 18 species of bats resident in the UK. The most important of these are the greater and lesser horseshoe, which have declined in numbers in recent years due to loss of habitat. Their prey – moths and beetles – prefer old pastureland, the range of which has decreased in recent years due to intensive farming and pesticide use. For our farm animals we use worming products that do not remain active in the dung, so that the fields can support a greater range of invertebrates. Woodchester Mansion (within walking distance) has cameras set up in the roosts so that you can watch the bats.
You are likely to see roe deer, and perhaps muntjac deer. The former are native and often seen along woodland margins in pairs, particularly around dawn and dusk. Deforestation and overhunting led to near extinction around 1800, but populations remained in Scotland and Victorian breeding programmes meant that numbers quickly recovered and they are now widespread. The latter were introduced from China in the early 20th Century and spread very rapidly. They are now one of our most numerous deer species, though due to their size and nature they can be hard to spot. Whilst you might not see them you may well hear them: they make a distinctive barking noise.
Woodchester Park has a very high badger population and has been studied by researchers for over 25 years. We have a couple of large setts on the farm boundary, and you may see badgers from dusk onwards if you sit quietly near woodland edges and the wind is blowing from the trees towards you (rather than carrying your scent towards the badgers). We suggest that you keep foodstuffs off the ground overnight as badgers will find any scraps!
There are lots of birds to look out for onsite. We have pheasants that patrol the camping area, and although they are not tame they will come quite close to humans so do ensure that all dogs are kept on leads. There are many buzzards in the area, which are large brown birds with white markings and black wingtips. They have a short, flatly curved tail and make a distinctive screeching sound. In the last few years we’ve seen increasing numbers of red kites. They have a red-brown body and can be easily identified by their forked tail. Recently we’ve occasionally heard a nightjar, which makes a very distinctive ‘churring’ sound. We have tawny, little and barn owls on the land. Although tawny owls are thought to be the most numerous and very vocal on autumn evenings, you are more likely to spot little owls as they are more active during the day. We usually spot barn owls when driving along Tinkley Lane at night: they can be seen flying low over the road whilst hunting. There are many small bird species and in the lower parts of the pastures, especially the northeastern corner of the 2nd Pasture, you are likely to experience a very loud dawn chorus.
The lower pastures have never been ploughed, even during the World Wars, because of the fuller’s earth which is constantly moving. This means that we have a wide range of well-established flora on the farm – over 150 species in the lower fields alone.
Approximately 10 acres of the farm is woodland. You’ll find ash, beech, oak, hazel, crab apple, blackthorn (sloe), hawthorn, elderflower, willow and larch. We also have wych elm and english elm. The largest english elm on the farm has a trunk circumference of around 50cm. As the trees become larger they are more susceptible to Dutch Elm Disease as the beetles are more attracted to the greater quantities of flowers. Over the last five years we’ve planted approximately 1000 deciduous trees. These are nearly all native species, and recently we’ve started trying to replant with species other than ash – although it does very well on these soils we are trying to mitigate any losses from ash dieback.
In the spring we have a good display of bluebells amongst the beech and larch on the northern edge of the 3rd Pasture, especially in the north east corner. Throughout the woodland you’ll also find wood anemones, celandine and wild garlic. The latter’s leaves and flowers make a nice garlicky addition to salads, and are particularly good when used to make wild garlic pesto with either pine nuts or hazelnuts. In the pastures you’ll find cowslips, spotted orchids and lady’s smock. Also look out for yellow rattle, a parasitic plant whose yellow flowers develop into rattle like seed pods. It is very important in meadows as it restricts grass growth and allows more flower species to take root.
What to look for in the spring
- Bees and bumblebees
- Bluebells and other woodland flowers
- Wild garlic
- Blackthorn blossom in early spring
- Elm blossom
- Find and identify animal tracks
- Listen to the late spring dawn chorus
- Young lambs in the paddocks
What to look out for in the Summer
- Swallows arriving in early summer
- Butterflies and moths
- Young roe deer
- Wildflowers and grasses
- Buzzards soaring on thermals
- Elderflower blossom in early June
- Use a torch to find newts in the ponds
- Slow worms and grass snakes
What to look out for in the Autumn
- Changing leaves
- Blackberries, elderberries and sloes
- Stargazing and meteorite showers
- Hazelnuts, acorns and beechnuts
- Listen for and spot owls


Venus Flytraps (Dionaea Muscipula)
Long fiber sphagnum moss and carnivorous plant soil (peat, perlite and sand) is the potting medium used for Venus Flytraps.
Use peat that has no fertilizer/mineral additives in it, mixed with rinsed sand and rinsed perlite. Our carnivorous soil mix is roughly 1 parts peat: 1 part sand: 2 part perlite.
The only water to use is Distilled water, Reverse Osmosis or Rain water.
DO NOT use tap water, well water, spring water, drinking water or anything with any additives (I.e. Minerals or electrolytes, etc.), always check labels. These will kill your plant. The rule is generally, if you can test your water below 50ppm it is permissible. Our plants never remain in anything above 20ppm. Our Reverse Osmosis system water ranges 1-3ppm for comparison and the average tap water in the USA seems to be 200 ppm or higher in many areas.
Use a non-porous, food grade bowl that is no higher than your pot as your water tray, or
No clay or terracotta.
Keep water tray filled about 1/3 way up (if being kept outside) the pot with distilled water. (If you are in a high heat area, you can fill 1/2 height due to the daily evaporation). Depending on your specific environment, adjust this as needed.
Fill 1\4 of the way up if being kept indoors. Although you can allow the DISH to run out before refilling, NEVER ALLOW THE PLANT AND SUBSTRATE TO GO DRY.. THEY DRY,THEY DIE.
In the winter months outdoors less water is needed as less evaporation takes place.
Venus Flytraps are actually originally native only to North and South Carolina, USA. So when caring for the plants, it's easiest to remember they are actually open air bog plants from the sunny Carolinas.
Flytraps love sun and enjoy longer days of direct sun, 8+ hours per day. They NEED a very minimum of 6 hours of unfiltered sunlight per day (on window ledge there should be no screen, no shading trees, no blinds, no tinted windows). Remember the East facing windows are best through summer, and South through winter, NEVER grow your Flytrap in a NORTH side window. That being said, outdoor growing is HIGHLY recommended whenever possible. For some this means all seasons except the worst of winter.
Here in South Carolina, Venus Flytraps native area, in the peak summer months, they will endure a UV index of 11 or more regularly and high temperatures. During periods where temperatures are regularly 90°F or more and a higher UV index, such as our latitude and lower, a 40% shade cloth or equivalent can be used and is suggested.
To Feed Or Not to Feed?
You may feed your plant 1 live insect per week per whole plant if you are keeping it indoors. If you do not feed it at all, it will not die, it will grow more slowly. They are great at catching their own food if outdoors, so no need to feed.
Each season Venus Flytraps make different shaped leaves/traps. Peak sized and looking traps for the season depending on environment is usually June or July (for example June for us in SC, July for our MI friends).
If your Flytraps have a leaf and trap or two blackening, don't worry, this is normal. Normally don't pick the black leaves off until they can be easily removed with no resistance (unless you see mildew/mold/disease etc). The plant is re-absorbing the nutrients from the "dying" leaf/trap. As long as there's new healthy leaves with traps emerging from the center, there is nothing to worry about.
Venus Flytraps shed more leaves and traps than usual in early fall. When they go dormant in late fall / early winter they will shed almost all of their leaves and traps. Some cultivars will also show various colors through fall.
*No we don't suggest terrariums, as again, Flytraps are open air bog plants from the Carolinas.
Every winter Venus Flytraps need to go dormant based on the sun's photo-period. If you grow your Flytraps outdoors and you get more than a light frost where you live (20°F or below for more than about a week is too much), put it inside and keep it within 1 inch of a sunny windowsill for the winter, if you are able. Do not put it back outside until the last frost is over. In their native zone in winter for example, there's only about 15 or so nights of frost per year, rarely going below 30°F and the temp is normally back up to 60°F or 70°F by noon.
If you live in an area with only light frosts such as this, you can leave your Flytraps outside year round.
When Flytraps go dormant their fall leaves dry up, most leaves/heads turn black and they grow small leaves/heads (or none at all) for the winter. During this time they put energy into growing their rhizome. They are supposed to die down every winter. Some will look very rough. They will regrow every spring bigger and better, usually creating small "baby" divisions of themselves into more small plants, as well as flower. We suggest cutting the flower at the base if you want the plant to spend its energy on producing more traps. Or enjoy the flowers! When flowering ends, any that pollinated will produce shiny black tear drop shaped seeds. Some time after, the plant will normally resume spending its energy on creating more traps again. Peak sized and looking traps for the season depending on environment is usually June or July (for example June for us in SC, July for our MI friends).
King Sundew (Drosera Regia)
Sun: Sunny windowsills in direct sunlight, minimum 5+ hours. Also can be grown in a greenhouse, or outdoors within the temperatures of 35°-85°F. They enjoy a drop of 10°-20°F at night and in our estimated favored temperatures for these Kings is 55-60°F night to 70°-75°F day. Though photoperiod will still determine growth habits.
Water: Distilled, reverse osmosis, or rain water. Tray watering method
Temperature: temperatures seem best in the range 40°- 85°F
Dormancy: none needed
Soil: We use a mix of 1 parts peat, 2 parts perlite, 1 part sand. Or long fiber sphagnum moss with perlite. Rinsed tree fern pieces can be added.
Do not add Fertilizers or minerals
Sundews - Cape, Threadleaf, Forked, etc (Capensis, Drosera Intermedia, Filiformis, Binata/Multifida)
Sun: Outside growing preferred. Sunny windowsills in direct sunlight, minimum 6+ hours. Filiformis varieties require 8+ hours of direct sunlight. Also can be grown in a greenhouse.
Water: Distilled, reverse osmosis, or rain water. Tray watering method
Temperature: temperatures best in range 35°- 90°F
Dormancy: Intermedia and filiformis will go dormant in winter by making a hibernaculum . Capillaris will tolerate South Carolina winters but will not make a hibernaculum. Capensis, binata and multifida will not survive frosts and should be taken inside.
Soil: We use a mix of 1 part peat, 2 parts perlite, 1 part sand.
2 parts peat
1 part silica sand
1 part perlite
Temperatures: 40° - 90° F
Sun : Full to Part sun, some shade.
Water: water tray method, keep soil wet by having the tray's water level half the height of pot, using distilled, reverse osmosis or rain water.
North American Pitcher Plants (Sarracenia)
Substrate: we use 2 parts peat, 1 part sand, 1 part perlite.Temperature: 25° - 90°
They can take a brief freeze and a brief heat spike but will otherwise need protection from the elements.
For cold below 25° you can move to a garage or other protected area.
You can also mulch around your Sarracenia. Mulching the bog garden with at least 4" of mulch and providing insulation that way, depending on the severity of the winters in some environments with less frost may be sufficient to protect your plants.
For heat, sun shades can help.
Sun: full sun. Minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight.
They may burn a little around the edges where the nectar is, this is normal and nothing to worry about. Outdoors is the preferred place to grow Sarracenia as their light requirements are very high.
Water: They must always be sitting in water, generally water level is quarter to half of the height of the pot. The water tray must be re-filled after it runs out, the plant substrate should NEVER GO DRY.
Distilled, reverse osmosis or rain water only.


As someone who has spent years in the field of reproductive health, I understand the mix of hope and uncertainty that comes with the IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) process. Whether you’re going through this journey for the first time or have been down this road before, recognizing the early signs of pregnancy can be both crucial and challenging.
In this guide, I want to talk about the symptoms that many experience post-IUI. My goal is to provide you with a clear and supportive resource, helping you to navigate this significant phase with greater confidence and understanding
1. Missed Period
The most tell-tale sign of pregnancy, whether natural or following IUI, is a missed period. Typically, if you’re on a regular menstrual cycle, a delayed period can be an early indication of pregnancy. It’s important to note that stress or hormonal imbalances can also cause a missed period, so it’s not an absolute confirmation of pregnancy.
However, if your period is consistently regular, a delay of even a few days can be significant. To be sure, consider taking a home pregnancy test or consult your healthcare provider for a more definitive answer.
2. Breast Changes
Post-IUI, you might notice your breasts feeling tender, swollen, or even slightly painful. These changes are due to hormonal shifts in your body preparing for a potential pregnancy. These sensations are often more pronounced than the discomfort you might experience before a menstrual period.
Some women also observe changes in the color and size of their areolas (the area around the nipples). It’s not uncommon for these breast changes to be among the first signs noticed by women after an IUI procedure.
Feeling unusually tired? Early pregnancy can significantly increase fatigue levels. This fatigue is caused by high levels of the hormone progesterone, which is vital for maintaining pregnancy. This kind of tiredness is often described as feeling drained or exhausted without a clear cause, such as strenuous activity or lack of sleep.
Interestingly, this overwhelming sense of fatigue can sometimes be one of the earliest indicators of pregnancy, even before a missed period, as detailed in our comprehensive guide on early pregnancy signs.
Additionally, the body’s increased need for nutrients and energy to support a growing embryo can contribute to feelings of fatigue. It’s essential to listen to your body and allow yourself extra rest if you’re experiencing this symptom after an IUI.
4. Nausea and Vomiting
Often glamorized as ‘morning sickness,’ nausea and vomiting can occur at any time of the day during early pregnancy. This symptom varies widely among individuals. In addition to hormonal changes, factors like stress and fatigue can exacerbate these symptoms.
It’s important to stay hydrated and, if necessary, consult with a healthcare provider for safe anti-nausea strategies. Some women find relief through specific dietary changes, such as eating small, frequent meals.
5. Heightened Sense of Smell
Many women report a heightened sense of smell as an early sign of pregnancy. This increased sensitivity can sometimes lead to nausea or aversion to certain foods and smells. It’s believed that this heightened sense is nature’s way of helping expectant mothers avoid foods that could be harmful during pregnancy.
However, it can be challenging, especially if strong or unpleasant odors are part of your daily environment. Finding ways to minimize exposure to strong smells can be helpful in managing this symptom.
6. Frequent Urination
If you find yourself making more frequent trips to the bathroom, this could be a sign of pregnancy. The growing uterus puts pressure on the bladder, leading to increased urination. This symptom is often more pronounced during the first and third trimesters.
Drinking enough water is important, but reducing caffeine intake can also help as caffeine is a diuretic. If frequent urination is accompanied by pain or discomfort, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider to rule out infections.
7. Mood Swings
Pregnancy hormones can also affect your mood, leading to sudden emotional changes. Feeling unusually weepy or irritable? This might be a sign of early pregnancy. These mood swings are a result of the hormonal rollercoaster your body goes through and can be compounded by stress or fatigue.
It’s important for expectant mothers to seek support and communicate their feelings. Engaging in stress-reducing activities, like mild exercise or meditation, can also be beneficial in managing mood swings.
Can IUI increase the likelihood of experiencing certain pregnancy symptoms?
No, IUI does not inherently increase the likelihood of specific pregnancy symptoms. The symptoms experienced are primarily due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy itself, not the method of conception.
How soon after IUI can pregnancy symptoms begin?
Pregnancy symptoms can start as early as a few days after implantation, which usually happens about 6-12 days after the IUI procedure. However, this can vary significantly among individuals.
Is it normal to experience no symptoms after an IUI?
Yes, it’s completely normal for some women not to experience any early pregnancy symptoms. Every individual’s body reacts differently, and the absence of symptoms does not necessarily indicate an unsuccessful IUI.
Can the medications used in IUI cause symptoms similar to pregnancy?
Yes, fertility medications used during the IUI process can sometimes cause symptoms similar to those of early pregnancy, such as breast tenderness or bloating. This is due to the hormones in these medications.
Should I take a home pregnancy test after IUI, and when?
It’s advisable to wait at least two weeks after the IUI procedure before taking a home pregnancy test. Testing too early can lead to false negatives, as it takes time for pregnancy hormones to build up to detectable levels.
Are pregnancy symptoms after IUI a reliable indicator of a successful procedure?
While pregnancy symptoms can be an indicator, they are not a reliable method of confirming a successful IUI. The only way to confirm pregnancy is through a blood test or a home pregnancy test after the appropriate waiting period.
While each of these signs can be indicative of pregnancy, it’s important to remember that every individual’s experience is unique. Not all will experience these symptoms, and their presence or absence is not a definitive confirmation of pregnancy.
The only sure way to confirm is through a pregnancy test and consultation with your healthcare provider. I hope this guide has helped you and remember that you’re not alone in this journey, there are resources and communities available to support you every step of the way.


Saturday, October 4, 2014 8:42 am
A 36-year-old Swede has become the world’s first woman to give birth after receiving a womb transplant, medical journal The Lancet said on Saturday, describing the event as a breakthrough for infertile women.
The healthy baby boy was born last month, it said. Both mother and infant are doing well.
Weighing 1.775 kilos (3.9 pounds), the baby was born by Caesarean section at 31 weeks after the mother developed pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy condition, the journal said.
The woman had a genetic condition called Rokitansky syndrome which meant she was born without a womb, although her ovaries were intact.
The surgeons said the exploit smashes through the last major barrier of female infertility — the absence of a uterus as a result of heredity or surgical removal for medical reasons.
“Absolute uterine factor infertility is the only major type of female infertility that is still viewed as untreatable,” they said in a paper published by the British journal.
The replacement organ came from a 61-year-old woman, a close family friend who had been through menopause seven years earlier. The organ was transplanted in a 10-hour operation last year.
The recipient underwent in-vitro fertilisation, in which eggs were harvested from her ovaries and fertilised using sperm from her partner, and then cryogenically preserved.
A year after the transplant, a single early-stage embryo was inserted into the transplanted womb. A pregnancy test three weeks later was positive.
The womb encountered a brief episode of rejection, but this was successfully tackled by increasing a dose of corticosteroid drugs to suppress the immune system.
– A decade of research –
“Our success is based on more than 10 years of intensive animal research and surgical training by our team and opens up the possibility of treating many young females worldwide that suffer from uterine infertility,” the Lancet quoted Professor Matts Braennstroem of the University of Gothenburg, who led the operation, as saying.
“What is more, we have demonstrated the feasibility of live-donor uterus transplantation, even from a post-menopausal donor.”
Rokitansky syndrome — Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuester-Hauser syndrome to give it its full name — affects approximately one in 4,500 newborn girls, previous research has found.
The options open to women with this disorder, or who have had a hysterectomy, are adoption or having a baby through a surrogate mother.
But surrogacy is not allowed in many countries because of ethical, legal or religious reasons.
The unnamed Swede was one of nine who received a uterus from live donors under Braennstroem’s programme.
Two of them had to undergo hysterectomy within a few months, either because the womb became infected or blood flow to it became clotted, the paper said.
The other seven women began menstruation during the first two to three months, and the transplanted organs remained viable during the first year after the operation.
Two other transplant attempts have been reported elsewhere, but neither resulted in a live birth.
The first, carried out in Saudi Arabia in 2000, ended in failure after three months when the uterus became necrotic and had to removed.
The second, carried out in Turkey in 2011, entailed a uterus that was transplanted from a deceased donor, resulting in pregnancies that miscarried within six weeks.


Somalogic’s SOMAscan Assay allows for the simultaneous detection of 1,300 human proteins using SOMAmer (Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer) protein-binding reagents. The assay is capable of detecting proteins in μM to fM concentrations by using dilutions of highly specific SOMAmers that bind to their cognate proteins. Bound SOMAmers are then quantified using a custom DNA microarray. A more technical overview of the assay can be found here.
The MohanLab has been trained and certified as a Somalogic SOMAscan deployment site that is able to run human serum/plasma, cell lysate, and tissue homogenate. We are also able to run human urine and CSF as well as non-human plasma and serum. Our recommended sample handling and processing instructions can be found here. Discounted pricing is offered to academic collaborators. For inquiries and pricing please email email@example.com.


Douglas Shire is a premium destination located within Tropical North Queensland, Australia. Renowned for its natural beauty and rich biodiversity, it is the only place in the world where two natural World Heritage listed areas meet – the Daintree rainforests of the Wet Tropics and the Great Barrier Reef.
Douglas Shire is a place of spectacular beauty. The area encompasses world-class landscape features, including pristine rainforests and beaches, and a diversity of cultural, economic and environmental values. The destination is highly valued by the Traditional Owners of the land, including the Eastern Kuku Yalanji to the north and Yirrganydji to the south; as well as the Douglas Communities and visitors to the area.
The Wet Tropics bioregion has some of the oldest continuously surviving tropical rainforests on earth. It provides an important record of the ecological and evolutionary processes that has shaped the flora and fauna of Australia over the past 415 million years. The Great Barrier Reef contains the world’s largest collection of coral reefs, with 400 types of coral and is home to the endangered dugong and large green turtle.
Douglas Shire’s vision is to become the world’s leading tropical visitor destination, delivering world class sustainable tourism experiences. The destination’s brand incorporates elements of natural, aspirational, tropical, laid back and untamed experiences. Destination experiences are focused on sustainable interactions with nature where visitors are encouraged to travel green and step lightly, helping us to conserve our pristine environment for the enjoyment of generations to come.


It is 5.30am in southern Belarus. A pink moon hangs over flat fields tinged with frost, and as we arrive at the checkpoint on the edge of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, five hours’ drive south of the capital, Minsk, a dawn chorus of cranes and hoopoes is in full swing.
This may seem an unlikely place to come wildlife watching, but I’m here with the first eco-tour of the Palieski state radioecological reserve (as the Belarusian section of the zone is called).
It was in April 1986 that probably the world’s worst nuclear accident happened, just over the border in northern Ukraine – a dramatisation of the disaster is currently showing on Sky Atlantic. Chernobyl town was evacuated and the exclusion zone today covers 2,600 sq km in Ukraine and 2,100 sq km in Belarus.
Ukraine turned its part of the zone into a tourist attraction several years ago – 50,000 people visited the nuclear reactor and ghost town of Pripyat last year, and it has even hosted a rave. But Belarus didn’t open its Palieski reserve to visitors until last December.
The Ukrainian site is now popular for its eerie ghost town and reactor ruins, but on this side of the border it’s all about the wilderness, and our tour will be a nature-watching trip like no other. The reserve claims to be Europe’s largest experiment in rewilding, and the unlikely beneficiaries of nuclear disaster have been the wolves, bison and bears that now roam the depopulated landscape, and the 231 (of the country’s 334) bird species that can also be found here.
After an initial hitch with our paperwork (few things are bureaucracy-free in Belarus, though new relaxed visa requirements mean Brits are now spared a trip to the embassy near Kensington Gardens), we meet our guide Valery Yurko, a spry ornithologist. Our visit is limited to seven hours, and I am keen to see as much as possible.
We start in the museum – which has some memorably bad taxidermy – before setting off to try to spot the real things. Elk are the most common mammal here, and it doesn’t take us long to see a young male standing with legs half-buried in a patch of swamp.
As we continue along a forest track that was once the main road to the Ukrainian capital Kiev, Yurko says there’s a 50-50 chance we’ll see a wolf. There are around a hundred of these carnivores in the park and as hunting is banned here, the animals are slowly losing their fear of humans.
We stop at a Soviet observation tower in the middle of the reserve. The pylon-like structure, 30 metres tall, would be a personal hell for vertigo sufferers, with its bent metal rungs and tiny platform of sun-cracked boards. The climb tests my usually reliable head for heights, but is worth the effort.
From the top we can see the hulking metal sarcophagus covering the blown reactor at Chernobyl, and get a panoramic view over the villages of the exclusion zone, which are now all but swallowed by vegetation.
The previous day I’d visited one of the reserve’s abandoned settlements, Droniki. When the village’s 232 inhabitants were evacuated, they didn’t have long to pack, and the floors of the wooden houses are still scattered with shoes, cigarette boxes and children’s jotters dated April 1986. It’s a poignant sight: nature may be benefiting, but that came at great cost for the people evacuated from the zone (nearly 350,000 in total), and the millions who have fallen sick or are considered to be “contaminated” by the accident.
The greatest writer on Chernobyl, investigative journalist and Nobel prize-winner Svetlana Alexievich, wrote in her 1997 book, Chernobyl Prayer, that she was “recording the future”. Among Droniki’s crumbling walls and sagging roofs, collapsed fences and barns filled with a mouldering harvest – and in the wider reserve – we see a flash forward to a world without people.
We see the familiar creatures of town and farmland dwindling, and animals long since pushed to the wild edges of Europe taking their place: the sparrows, rooks and white storks are giving way to white-tailed eagles, lynx and wolves.
And the radiation? Yurko tells me the level I am exposed to during this visit is less than I’d get on a transatlantic flight – but what about the animals that live and feed here?
It is a contested issue among scientists. Some research has found troubling signs of fallout-related disease and mutation, but another study recorded large populations of mammals in the zone. We don’t yet have the full picture, according to Viktar Fenchuk, project manager for the Wilderness Conservation Program in Belarus, and one of the country’s most senior conservationists. The reserve “could be an ecological ‘trap’, where animals move in […] and then develop health problems,” he tells me. “But the evidence so far is that on a population level, the effect of radiation is not visible.”
Our driver is looking pointedly at his watch. Wolves have eluded us, and we’ve only seen the hoof prints of wild Przewalski’s horses and the distant throbbing sound of a black grouse courtship, known as “lekking” (to see the birds up close, you apparently need to be in position by 4am). But we do spy one of the park’s rarest birds, the greater spotted eagle. These raptors are particularly shy of humans, and the Palieski reserve is the only place in Belarus where their numbers are rising.
Valery Dombrovskiy, a world expert on the species, has silvering hair and the beatific look of someone in love with his work. Joining our group, he explains that these scrubby fields are not the eagles’ typical habitat; they usually favour marshland.
“But,” he says, “I’m starting to wonder if it’s the other way round, and they adapted to wet areas to avoid people.”
We spot an eagle high above the plain, performing a display flight (advertising its ownership of a territory) as we watch through binoculars. It swoops and soars, then, seemingly for sheer joy, tucks its wings into a “stoop” to drop like a falling star into the blue. It’s a final moment of awe: my seven hours are up.
• The trip was provided by APB-Birdlife Belarus, which runs eco-tours all over the country. A two-day tour to the Chernobyl “accidental wildlife sanctuary”, including two seven-hour visits, guide, meals, transfer from Minsk and accommodation in Chojnicki town, costs £470pp, based on a group of four


Thirty Four Year 12 Biology students from Jerudong International School (JIS) recently entered the Intermediate Biology Olympiad held by UK Biology Competitions (UKBC). This organisation works closely with the Royal Society of Biology and the University of Warwick to bring Biology competitions to students all over the world. The competition typically receives around 9,000 participants from over 550 schools worldwide.
Questions in the competition were set on topics which students are likely to have covered in their first year of the A Level Biology course. Additional questions required the students to use their problem solving skills and understanding of core principles of Biology in general.
Out of thirty four students, Mohamed Bassim Isa achieved Gold, 6 students Beverly Liaw, Elmeeza Yasrinal Eddy, Gabriel Chan, Jayden Ang, Josh Lindsay and Patricia Sim achieved Silver and Ye Htet Oo won the Bronze Award. In addition, five of the JIS students were highly commended and nine were commended. Overall, 65% of the JIS senior students who participated were commended or higher.
Their Biology teacher, Mrs Adele Major, was delighted to hear this news. Principal, Nicholas Sheehan also commented ‘This is the first time that the Biology Department has entered students for this internationally recognised competition. Biology A Level is a popular subject at Jerudong International School and I am very proud of these remarkable achievements. My congratulations go to all of the students who participated.”
About Jerudong International School
Jerudong International School was started in 1997. It presently has around 1650 international and Bruneian students aged from 2 years to 19 years. Students study a British International Curriculum from ages 2 years to 3 years. From 14 years to 16 years, students study the I/GCSE programmes. Senior students may choose between the A Level programme and the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme for their pre University course. JIS has a thriving boarding house for up to 200 boarders.


The enclosed item is the Council review of Marlborough’s Regional Policy Statement and Resource Management Plans.
The following document is the PUA’s response.
This can be summarised as
Marine farms should have discretionary activity status, not controlled activity status as the current lack of knowledge of the Sounds ecosystem precludes establishing activities with the permanence of a controlled status. Also, the area is public domain and used for a range of different reasons.
A stronger policy was called for in respect of the size of marine farms. In particualr new marine farms and new extensions should be prohibited within 100 metres of the coastline and should not extend beyond 250 meters from the coastline.
It was noted that the proposal for an extension of marine farms to 300 meters from the shoreline should not be permitted until independent studies are undertaken to demonstrate that this does not have an adverse impact upon other uses and the environment.
It wwas suggested that the mid-bay area of Port Underwood and the entire western coastline of Port Underwood should have a prohibited marine farming status to be consistent with Policy 1.12 of the proposed Marine Farming Policy and other sections of the draft policy statement and management plan. This would add more certainty for all users of Port Underwood and reduce the large amounts of time and money spent by applicants, submitters, and the Council.
In addition, the entire western coastline of Port Underwood should have prohibited marine farming status. Retaining a small section with CMZ 2 status as currently proposed would be an inconsistent anomaly.
It was suggested that the regional policy statement and resource management plan should include a provision to require environmental studies to be undertaken to:
- Determine the level of nutrients in the Sounds
- Determine the level of pollutants in the Sounds
- Determine the impact on nutrients and pollutants to understand the capacity for further marine farming and its impact upon other uses of the Sounds
- Determine the change in levels of nutrients and pollutants in the Sounds subsequent to the introduction of new farms or expansion of existing farms.
Without these studies there will be little understanding of the cumulative impacts of aquaculture and the objective of the Marlborough regional policy statement cannot be met.


Desktop water dispensers, also known as water coolers, often include filtration systems to improve the quality of the water they dispense. Several filtration technologies are commonly used in these systems. The ideal combination of filtration technologies depends on the specific contaminants present in the water supply. Here are some common filtration technologies used in desktop water dispensers:
Activated Carbon Filters:
- Function: Activated carbon filters are effective in removing chlorine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bad odors, and some taste impurities.
- How It Works: The porous structure of activated carbon adsorbs contaminants, trapping them in the carbon filter.
- Function: Sediment filters are designed to remove larger particles, such as sand, silt, and rust, from the water.
- How It Works: These filters use physical barriers or mesh to trap and remove solid particles.
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Filters:
- Function: RO filters are highly effective at removing a wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, dissolved solids, and some microorganisms.
- How It Works: Water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, blocking impurities and allowing only purified water to pass through.
- Function: Ceramic filters can effectively remove bacteria, protozoa, and sediment from water.
- How It Works: Water is passed through a porous ceramic material that traps contaminants.
UV (Ultraviolet) Purification:
- Function: UV purification systems use ultraviolet light to kill or deactivate bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in the water.
- How It Works: UV light disrupts the DNA of microorganisms, preventing them from reproducing and rendering them harmless.
Ion Exchange Filters:
- Function: Ion exchange filters are effective in reducing hardness in water by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions.
- How It Works: Resin beads in the filter attract and exchange ions, reducing the concentration of minerals that contribute to water hardness.
When selecting a desktop water dispenser with filtration, it's essential to consider the specific water quality issues in your area. Water testing can help identify the contaminants present, allowing you to choose a system with the appropriate combination of filtration technologies. Additionally, be aware of the maintenance requirements for each type of filter to ensure optimal performance over time. Regular filter replacement is crucial for maintaining water quality and the effectiveness of the filtration system.


Regular physical activity is not only essential for maintaining overall health and fitness but also plays a significant role in stabilizing blood sugar levels. For individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing the condition, exercise can be a powerful tool in managing blood glucose and preventing spikes and crashes. In this blog post, we will explore the science behind how exercise affects blood sugar levels and provide practical tips on incorporating physical activity into your daily routine for optimal blood sugar control.
Understanding Blood Sugar and Exercise
Blood sugar, or blood glucose, is a measure of the sugar present in your bloodstream and serves as the primary source of energy for your body’s cells. When you consume carbohydrates, they are broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream, leading to an increase in blood sugar levels. In response to rising blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin, a hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells to be used as energy.
Exercise influences blood sugar levels in several ways. During physical activity, muscles require additional energy, leading to increased glucose uptake from the bloodstream. As a result, blood sugar levels decrease during exercise and may remain lower even after the activity is completed. Additionally, exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity, making cells more responsive to insulin and improving overall blood sugar regulation.
The Benefits of Exercise for Blood Sugar Control
Engaging in regular exercise offers numerous benefits for stabilizing blood sugar levels:
- Improved Insulin Sensitivity: Exercise helps your body use insulin more effectively, reducing insulin resistance and promoting better blood glucose management.
- Lower Blood Sugar Spikes: Physical activity promotes glucose uptake by muscles, lowering blood sugar levels and reducing the likelihood of sharp spikes after meals.
- Increased Energy Utilization: Exercise encourages the use of glucose as fuel, which can help prevent excessive sugar buildup in the bloodstream.
- Weight Management: Regular exercise supports weight loss and maintenance, reducing the risk of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
- Enhanced Cardiovascular Health: Exercise can improve heart health, reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
Best Types of Exercise for Blood Sugar Control
Not all exercises have the same impact on blood sugar levels. Some activities are particularly effective in promoting blood glucose stability. Here are some recommended types of exercise:
1. Aerobic Exercises
Aerobic exercises, such as brisk walking, jogging, cycling, and swimming, are excellent choices for blood sugar control. These activities increase heart rate and breathing, leading to improved glucose utilization by muscles.
2. Resistance Training
Strength or resistance training, involving weightlifting or bodyweight exercises, can enhance muscle mass and boost insulin sensitivity. This can help reduce blood sugar spikes and improve long-term glucose regulation.
3. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
HIIT involves short bursts of intense exercise followed by brief rest periods. It has been shown to be highly effective in reducing blood sugar levels and improving overall fitness.
4. Flexibility and Balance Exercises
Activities like yoga and Pilates can be beneficial for managing stress, which can affect blood sugar levels. They also improve flexibility and balance, contributing to overall well-being.
Tips for Incorporating Exercise into Your Routine
For individuals aiming to stabilize their blood sugar levels, here are some tips on how to make exercise a regular part of your daily routine:
1. Set Realistic Goals
Start with achievable exercise goals that fit your current fitness level and schedule. Gradually increase the intensity and duration of your workouts as you build strength and endurance.
2. Find Activities You Enjoy
Choose exercises that you find enjoyable and fulfilling. When you look forward to your workouts, you’re more likely to stick to your exercise routine in the long term.
3. Schedule Regular Workouts
Block out specific times for exercise on your calendar. Treat these appointments as non-negotiable commitments to prioritize your health.
4. Stay Consistent
Consistency is key to reaping the benefits of exercise for blood sugar control. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week.
5. Monitor Blood Sugar Levels
Keep track of your blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise. Monitoring your responses to different types of workouts can help you identify what works best for your blood sugar control.
6. Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water before, during, and after exercise to stay hydrated and support optimal blood sugar management.
7. Be Mindful of Hypoglycemia
If you are on diabetes medication, be cautious of the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) during or after exercise. Carry a fast-acting source of glucose, such as glucose tablets or fruit juice, in case of a sudden drop in blood sugar.
1. How often should I exercise to stabilize my blood sugar levels?
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week, spread across several days for optimal blood sugar control.
2. Can exercise help prevent or manage type 2 diabetes?
Yes, regular exercise can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and help manage the condition in those already diagnosed.
3. Are there specific exercises I should avoid if I have diabetes?
If you have diabetes, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program. While most exercises are safe, certain activities may carry higher risks for individuals with specific health conditions.
4. Is it better to exercise before or after meals for blood sugar control?
Exercising after meals may help lower blood sugar levels more effectively, as your body can use the glucose from the meal during physical activity. However, individual responses to exercise may vary, so monitor your blood sugar to determine what works best for you.
5. Can exercise alone control blood sugar levels, or is diet important too?
Both exercise and diet play crucial roles in blood sugar control. A well-balanced diet that includes appropriate carbohydrate intake complements the benefits of regular physical activity for optimal blood sugar management.


The tuberculosis (TB) skin test is used to determine if you have ever been exposed to the bacterium that causes TB. The test involves injecting a small amount of TB protein under the skin of your inner forearm. TB is an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs and can potentially lead to serious complications. The test can be used as part of the diagnosis for the disease.
There are many reasons why this test is usually done, including the following:
- you have been in close contact with a TB-infected person
- you have traveled to a foreign country that has a high incidence of TB
- you are a health care worker
- your employer or school requests that you have this test performed prior to your start date
Risks and precautions
The TB skin test is usually straightforward and safe. However, there are some risks of side effects, including severe redness, swelling, and pain in the arm, particularly in people who have had a positive skin test before. Get immediate medical assistance if you experience any of these side effects.
It is important that you understand all the risks of complications and side effects of the test, and what you or your doctor can do to avoid them. Make sure that your doctor is aware of all your concerns.
Before the test
No preparation is necessary for this test. If you have had TB or a positive TB skin test before, inform your doctor or health care professional. It is also important to tell your doctor if you have or have had any of the following:
- major viral infection (e.g., HIV, mumps) - this does not include the common cold
- current or previous TB infection
- large burns or eczema on the test site
- a measles vaccination within the last 4 weeks
- previous adverse reactions to TB tests or vaccinations
If you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter (non-prescription) medications, supplements, or herbal products, make sure you inform your doctor or pharmacist. Ask them whether it is necessary for you to stop taking any of these medications and products before the test. It is also important to tell them if you have allergies to certain medications or have certain medical conditions.


Instead of prolonging lifespan, scientists have long been in pursuit of maintaining human healthspan. To keep the ideal quality of life is especially crucial for the elderly since the declined muscle mass and strength caused physical inconvenience. Therefore, maintaining the health of skeletal muscle is of vital importance.
Professor Yi-Fan Chen and Professor Yun Yen from Taipei Medical University have recently published their work in npj regenerative medicine. The research article elaborated how Ribonucleotide reductase M2B (Rrm2b) modulates the fate of stem cells in skeletal muscle in response to injury. The homeostasis of skeletal muscle relies on the interplay between the muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and their microenvironment (niche). By genetically modified mouse models, Chen unveiled that specific knockout of Rrm2b in the myofibers (a part of niche), but not in MuSCs, led to the weakness of muscles, including loss of muscle mass and strength. These Rrm2b myofiber-specific knockout mice displayed compromised regenerative capacity of muscle with thinner fiber sizes and weaker functioning. Moreover, the lack of Rrm2b in the myofibers resulted in mitochondrial defects, showing a part of the typical characteristics of mitochondrial myopathy.
Furthermore, Chen’s team collaborated with Dr. I-Hsuan Lin for RNA-sequencing to identify several myokines released from Rrm2b-deleted myofibers. These myokines, including FGF-21, GDF-15, and Mthfd2, triggered MuSCs differentiation rather than reentry of quiescence to repopulate the stem cell pool. The decreased MuSC pool due to the imbalance between differentiation and self-renewal of MuSCs thus contributed to muscle weakness and impaired regenerative capacity.
In conclusion, Chen’s study identified a novel role of Rrm2b in muscle homeostasis. Rrm2b in the myofibers plays a critical role in modulating the stem cell fate of MuSCs by an alternation of the microenvironment (niche), and it provides an opportunity for strategy development to treat muscle disorders. Animals with defective Rrm2b expression can probably serve as a disease model for investigating mitochondrial myopathy in mammals. With these striking research results, promoting muscle health in clinical use can be expected in the coming years.