Have you been told by your dentist that your teeth are at risk of erosion or that you’ve been grinding your teeth? Below may be useful information about the various causes of tooth wear.
What is tooth wear?
- Tooth wear is the irreversible loss of tooth structure. The resulting structural loss is unsightly, impairs the function of teeth and is often painful. The damage can also be difficult and costly to repair.
- There are three types of tooth wear: abrasion, attrition and dental erosion. These can sometimes occur in combination and can be difficult to determine the sole type of wear.
- Abrasion: physical wear of the teeth caused by something other than tooth to tooth contact, e.g. overzealous tooth brushing, repeated use of a toothpick, or a habit of holding/using something between the teeth (nail biting, holding hair pins or sewing pins)
- Attrition: loss of tooth structure due to tooth to tooth contact, such as tooth grinding.
- Abfraction: loss of tooth structure due to overloaded force on the teeth, from grinding and clenching.
- Dental erosion: dissolving of tooth structure due to the repeated presence of acids in the mouth.
What does dental erosion look like? The first signs of dental erosion include:
- Teeth appearing yellow: due to darker coloured tooth structure showing through the thinning enamel.
- Teeth appearing glazed and smooth – due to the tooth surface being worn away.
- Teeth appearing to be shorter.
- Fillings sitting higher than the surrounding tooth surface.
- Chewing surfaces of the teeth showing smooth, concave craters.
- Sensitive teeth.
What causes dental erosion?
- The cause of dental erosion is acid attack.
- Many drinks including soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, alcohol and fruit juices contain acids. Most of these drinks also have a high sugar content which contributes to tooth decay.
- A diet high in acidic food and drinks can cause tooth wear. The lower the pH of a product, the more acidic it is. Any food or drink with a pH lower than 5.0 may cause tooth wear and tooth sensitivity.
The pH of some common foods and drinks
Milk pH 6.9
Flavoured milk pH 6.7
Tap water pH 6.0
Cheddar cheese pH 5.9
Coffee pH 5.0
Beer pH 4.5
Orange juice pH 3.5
Apple juice pH 3.4
Grapefruit pH 3.3
Pickles pH 3.2
Sports energy drinks pH 3.0
Common soft drinks and carbonated water pH 2.5-2.7
Red wine pH 2.5
Lemon juice pH 2.2
Vinegar pH 2.0
Other factors that contribute to tooth erosion:
- A dry mouth – which increases the risk of damage from an acid attack
- Stomach acid coming in contact with the teeth due to chronic regurgitation, reflux or vomiting (e.g. bulimia, morning sickness, peptic ulcer)
What should I do to minimise the risk of dental erosion?
- Eat a well-balanced diet, and reduce the amount of acidic and sugary foods and drinks. Try to limit snacking.
- Eat foods that act as a buffer by neutralising saliva pH more quickly (e.g. dairy products contain a protein called casein which protects teeth from acid).
- Avoid holding or ‘swishing’ acidic drinks around the mouth as this minimises exposure of the drink to the teeth.
- Chew sugar free gum to stimulate saliva flow and wash acids away.
- Drink plenty of water frequently throughout the day, especially if exercising. Fluoridated water is ideal.
- Avoid caffeinated beverages, as caffeine causes dehydration.
- Do not brush immediately after eating or drinking acidic or sugary foods or drinks, as the tooth enamel will be softened and could be ‘brushed off’.
What should I do to minimise the risk of the other causes of dental wear?
- To reduce your risk of abrasion, abfraction and attrition ensure that you are brushing your teeth gently twice a day with a soft toothbrush, and flossing daily.
- Tooth clenching and grinding are common and are associated with stress, nicotine, caffeine, health conditions particularly snoring and sleep apnoea, and stimulatory-drugs particularly narcotics.
- Stress-management and relaxation can be beneficial, and you may benefit from a protective guard for the teeth made by your dentist, to be worn at night
If you think your teeth are affected by any of the above concerns, please give us a call for a consult with one of our dentists.


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Vitamin D deficiency causes health problems including: infertility; preeclampsia; low birth weights; rickets in children; osteoporosis. The deficiency has also been attributed to cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis and cancers.
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At some point in a man’s life, he may start to feel a decline in his energy levels, sex drive, and overall vitality.
This can be due to a decrease in testosterone levels. This hormone plays a crucial role in maintaining masculine health.
Fortunately, there are ways to increase testosterone levels, and one of them is using testosterone boosters such as Prime Male.
In this review, we will delve into the details of Prime Male, a popular testosterone booster in the market.
We will discuss its ingredients, benefits, and potential side effects to help you determine whether Prime Male is the right supplement.
What is Prime Male?
Prime Male is a testosterone booster designed for men who are experiencing the symptoms of low testosterone levels.
It is made by Propura Ltd, a company that specializes in producing natural supplements to improve health and well-being.
Prime Male claims to increase testosterone levels, boost energy, and enhance libido.
It also promotes muscle growth, reduces body fat, and improves cognitive function.
Prime Male contains a blend of natural ingredients known to boost testosterone levels. Let’s take a closer look at each element and its potential benefits.
D-Aspartic Acid: D-Aspartic Acid is an amino acid that helps regulate testosterone synthesis in the body. According to a study, it can increase testosterone levels by up to 42% in just 12 days.
BioPerine: BioPerine is a black pepper extract that enhances the absorption of other ingredients in the supplement. This can increase the effectiveness of Prime Male.
Boron: Boron is a mineral essential for bone health and muscle growth. It can also increase free testosterone levels in the body.
Korean Red Ginseng: Korean Red Ginseng is an adaptogenic herb that can improve energy levels, reduce stress, and enhance cognitive function.
Luteolin: Luteolin is a flavonoid that can reduce estrogen levels. This can increase testosterone levels by preventing the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
Magnesium: Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for muscle and nerve function. It can also increase free testosterone levels in the body.
Mucuna Pruriens: Mucuna pruriens is a plant containing L-DOPA, a dopamine precursor. It can improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance libido.
Nettle Root: Nettle Root is a plant that can bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). This protein binds to testosterone and reduces its availability in the body. By reducing SHBG levels, nettle roots can increase free testosterone levels.
Vitamin B6 – Vitamin B6 is a vitamin that is essential for energy metabolism. It can also increase testosterone levels by stimulating the androgen receptors in the body.
Vitamin D3 – Vitamin D3 is a vitamin that is essential for bone health and immune function. According to a study, it can also increase testosterone levels by up to 25%.
Zinc: Zinc is a mineral that is essential for immune function and protein synthesis. It can also increase testosterone levels by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
Prime Male claims to offer the following benefits:
- Increase testosterone levels
- Boost energy and stamina
- Enhance libido and sexual performance
- Promote muscle growth and reduce body fat
- Improve cognitive function and mood
- Reduce the risk of age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and heart disease
Potential Side Effects
While Prime Male is made from natural ingredients, it may still cause side effects in some people. Some potential side effects include:
- Upset stomach
It is important to note that these side effects are rare and typically mild.
However, you may experience any severe or persistent side effects.
In that case, it is recommended that you stop taking the supplement and consult a healthcare professional.
How to Take Prime Male
The recommended dosage of Prime Male is four capsules per day, preferably with a meal.
However, it would help if you also cycled the supplement, taking it for four weeks and then taking a two-week break before starting again.
This is to prevent your body from becoming resistant to the supplement.
It is essential to follow the dosage instructions carefully and not exceed the recommended dosage.
Exceeding the recommended dosage may increase the risk of side effects.
Overall, Prime Male is a good testosterone booster with a blend of natural ingredients known to increase testosterone levels.
It offers a range of benefits, including increased energy and stamina, enhanced libido, and improved cognitive function.
While some potential side effects may be associated with the supplement, these are rare and typically mild.
However, as with any supplement, it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional before taking Prime Male, particularly if you have any underlying medical conditions.
Suppose you are looking for a natural and effective way to increase your testosterone levels and improve your overall health and well-being.
In that case, Prime Male may be worth considering. With its potent blend of natural ingredients, it is the boost that you need.
For those looking to boost their testosterone levels, we reviewed a selection of testosterone boosters, including:


There has been a surge in the number of syphilis cases in recent years, according to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, including the number of congenital syphilis sufferers.
The incidence of syphilis dropped after World War II, thanks to advances in antibiotics. However, that trend started to reverse itself from 2003, rising from 509 cases to 600 in 2006, 737 in 2007 and 823 in 2008; nearly 100 additional cases per year. Groups with the highest increases were men aged 35-39, and women aged 20-24. In the latter group, the number of cases tripled between 2003 and 2007. The number of cases of congenital syphilis, in which the disease is passed from mother to unborn child, stood at 10 in 2006, and 7 by the end of July 2008. There have also been cases of the father infecting the mother during pregnancy. Congenital syphilis has a 40 percent mortality rate during pregnancy and the first week, and director of the institute’s Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, Yuki Tada, said: “Pregnant women have to be tested during their checkups, and if diagnosed the disease must be treated properly.” Syphilis is caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum, and usually spread through sexual intercourse. “The cause is probably the trend for more sexual partners. Sales of condoms are down, and the increase in syphilis infection would seem to correlate with this,” said Koji Saida, of the Saida Maternity Clinic in Osaka.
Syphilis, caused by the bacteria treponema pallidum, is transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse and can be treated with antibiotics.
After an incubation period of two to five weeks, a lump may form in the genitalia. Going untreated for 10 to 25 years can lead to brain and heart disease.


Plant membrane signal transduction
Cells are surrounded by a lipid bilayer, the plasma-membrane. Embedded in this membrane are receptor proteins that serve as the cell’s eyes and ears, helping a cell to communicate with the outside world and with other cells. All receptor proteins have to accomplish three basic tasks in the communication process; the specific recognition of an outside signal , the transport of the signal across the membrane, and the initiation of a response to that signal in the cell’s interior. These steps are collectively known as trans-membrane signaling.
Different cells use different receptor proteins to mediate trans-membrane signaling. The key players in bacteria are sensor histidine kinases (see below). Major membrane signaling receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine or serine/threonine kinases. These receptor families have been systematically studied both in cells and in isolation. Much less is known however about trans-membrane signaling in plants. While plants and animals are both highly evolved multicellular organisms and share many biosynthetic and signaling pathways, membrane signaling in plants is remarkably distinct from the animal world.
Plants do neither contain G-protein coupled receptors nor canonical tyrosine receptor kinases, but instead rely on sensor histidine kinases (which they probably adopted from bacteria) and on a family of plant-unique receptor kinases (they are commonly referred to as receptor-like kinases, but we know now that many family members are indeed both kinases AND receptors).
Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases
Several hundred of these receptor kinases exist in the small genome of the model plant Arabidopsis, and the majority of them shares a common architecture: a N-terminal extracellular ligand binding domain composed of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a single membrane spanning helix, and a cytoplasmic kinase domain. LRR receptor kinases have diverse functions in plants, and for example regulate plant growth, development and the interaction with the environment. Their corresponding ligands range from small molecules to peptides and entire proteins. Forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis have identified cellular functions for a few dozen of these receptors, and receptor-ligand pairs have been described in a handful of cases. However, we do not understand how these receptors bind their ligands, or how they transduce the signal across the membrane to activate their cytoplasmic kinase domains.
The architecture of plant LRR receptor kinases is reminiscent of animal Toll-like innate immunity receptors (TLRs). In TLR signaling, ligands glue the horseshoe-shaped domains of two neighboring receptors together to initiate the cellular response; a process called ligand-induced homodimersation (Figure 1). It was thus reasonable to assume that the extracellular ligand binding domain of plant LRR receptor kinases would also form a TLR-like horseshoe structure that binds its ligand along a dimer interface (Figure 1). Surprisingly, this assumption turned out to be incorrect (see below).
Steroid hormone sensing by the plant receptor kinase BRI1
Steroid hormones are regulators of body shape and size in higher organisms. Animal steroid receptors reside in the nucleus ( nuclear hormone receptors ), but in plants the membrane LRR receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) acts as a direct receptor for brassinosteroids . To understand how BRI1 can recognize its steroid ligand at the plasma membrane, we determined the crystal structure of the entire extracellular ligand binding domain of BRI1 (a 120 kDa glycoprotein) in the pre- and absence of brassinolide, the most potent brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis.
Instead of having the expected horseshoe structure, the leucine-rich repeats in BRI1 form a beautiful superhelix composed of 25 LRRs, completing slightly more than one full turn (Figure 2). The sequence pattern that causes BRI1 to twist into a superhelix is also found in other plant receptor kinases, suggesting that these receptors may also contain twisted or superhelical ligand binding domains.
In contrast to previously described LRR proteins, BRI1 is able to recognize a small hydrophobic ligand. A unique adaptation to this challenge is the insertion of a small folded island domain into the regular repeat structure (Figure 3).
This island domain is largely disordered in the unliganded receptor structure. Steroid binding induces a conformational rearrangement and fixing of the island domain. We speculated back in 2011 (Hothorn et al., Nature, 2011) that the steroid ligand and the now fully ordered island domain together may represent a docking platform for a shape-complementary helper protein that would allow the receptor to become activated. Candidates for such helper proteins were the small somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs), which had been implicated in brassinosteroid signalling (Li et al., Cell, 2002, Nam & Li, Cell, 2002). We thus set out to study, whether SERK proteins are the envisioned shape-complementary helpers required to activate BRI1 signal transduction.
Plant steroid receptor activation by somatic embryogenesis co-receptor kinases
In our lab at the Friedrich-Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, postdoctoral fellow Julia Santiago and lab manager Chrisitine Henzler managed to express the isolated LRR ectodomains of BRI1 and of the putative co-receptor kinase SERK1 in insect cells.
While these domains do not physically interact in the absence of the steroid hormone, they form very tight heterodimers in the presence of even minute amounts of brassinolide, the most potent brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis (Santiago, Henzler and Hothorn, Science, 2013).
A crystal structure of the BRI1-brassinolide-SERK1 complex revealed that the hormone acts as a molecular glue, which promotes association of the LRR domains of receptor and co-receptor (Figure 4)
The hormone binding pocket is formed by residues from both the receptor and from the co-receptor, and thus both proteins are required for high-affinity sensing of the steroid molecule.
Importantly, the steroid-promoted association of the BRI1 and SERK1 LRR domains brings their C-termini (which connect to the trans-membrane helices and to the cytoplasmic kinase domains) in close proximity. We thus assume that steroid binding at the cell surface to BRI1 and SERK1 allows their kinase domains in the cytoplasm to interact. The movie below depicts how the extracellular BRI1 LRR domain (in blue) binds brassinolide (in yellow) using its island domain (in magenta). Brassinolide binding allows BRI1 to interact with the LRR domain of the co-receptor kinase SERK1 (in orange). The green spheres at the end of the animation depict the location of known missense alleles in BRI1 and BAK1, which affect brassinosteroid signaling (movie by Kelvin Lau, generated using the program Chimera).
The kinase domains of receptor and co-receptor can interact and transphosphorylate each other
We have recently begun to dissect the cytoplasmic side of signaling (Bojar et al., Plant J, 2014). Undergraduate researcher Daniel Bojar found that the kinase domain of BRI1 is structurally related to the Pelle/IRAK family of kinases in animals, which rationalizes why BRI1 is a dual specificity kinase. The auto-phosphorylation pattern of BRI1 is very complex (Figure 5) and we could find BRI1 homodimers as well as heterodimers with SERK kinase domains. Our interpretation is that BRI1, SERKs and other plant LRR kinases may form homodimers trough their kinase domains as a basal or resting state, and may heterodimerise with a co-receptor kinase domain for activation (Fig. 6). Importantly, trans-phosphorylation between BRI1 and SERKs has been demonstrated in vivo (Wang et al., Dev Cell, 2008). We mapped one interaction side of BRI1 with SERKs to the C-lobe of the BRI1 kinase domain and thus an asymmetric arrangement in the heterodimer is possible, with one kinase acting as the enzyme and the partner acting as substrate. Interestingly, the BRI1 inhibitor protein BKI1 also binds to the C-lobe of BRI1 and acts by inhibiting formation of the BRI1-SERK kinase heteromer (Jaillais et al., Genes Dev, 2011).
Shedding of floral organs requires the receptor kinase HAESA, the peptide hormone IDA and the co-receptor kinase SERK1
Have you ever wondered how trees in the fall know when to let go? These abscission processes (shedding of old or no longer required organs) are controlled by the plant receptor kinase HAESA and its cognate peptide hormone ligand IDA. Together with our collaborators Melinka Butenko and Mari Wildhagen from the University of Oslo, Norway, postdoctoral fellows Julia Santiago and Benjamin Brandt could demonstrate that HAESA directly senses the IDA peptide, specifically an active 12mer peptide carrying a central hydroxyproline residue (a post-translational modification common to many plant peptide hormones) (Figure 7). However, HAESA by itself cannot bind IDA with high affinity. It requires a co-receptor kinase, which like in the case of BRI1 (see above), completes the ligand binding pocket. The HAESA co-receptor turned out to be SERK1, the receptor kinase which also BRI1 requires for receptor activation (Santiago et al., eLife, 2016). The movie shows the LRR domain of HAESA (in blue) interacting with the active peptide hormone IDA (in yellow). The co-receptor kinase SERK1 (in orange) binds next, specifically interacting with the IDA C-terminus. The zoom in highlights the C-terminal 3 amino-acids in IDA as well as the central hydroxyproline, which anchors the peptide to the receptor. (movie by Kelvin Lau, using the program Chimera).
The receptor activation mechanism described here for the steroid receptor BRI1 and and the peptide hormone receptor HAESA is conserved among many plant receptor kinases. A detailed description of these different receptor systems can be found in our review by Hohmann, Lau & Hothorn, Annual Reviews of Plant Biology, 2017.
Sensor histidine kinase hormone receptors in plants
Plants do not only rely on receptor kinases to mediate transmembrane signaling, but also on sensor histidine kinases . These receptor proteins are normally found in prokaryotic genomes and can be considered the key players in bacterial membrane signal transduction.
Arabidopsis contains several sensor histidine kinase proteins, including a putative osmosensor, a family of hormone receptors that recognize the gaseous plant hormone ethylene , and a set of three cytokinin receptors. Cytokinins are classic phytohormones derived from adenine . Cytokinins control diverse processes in plant growth and development, and are essential to maintain plant stem cell populations. Cytokinin receptors are eukaryotic sensor histidine kinases. These receptors bind the hormone with their extracellular sensor domain and initiate a classical two-component phosphorelay in the cytoplasm. By solving the crystal structure of the plant cytokinin receptor we found, that despite being divergent in sequence, plant and bacterial histidine kinases are very similar (Figure 8) (Hothorn et al., Nature Chem Biol, 2011).
Cytokinin receptors can sense chemcially diverse hormone ligands
Cytokinin receptors can not only respond to a diverse set of naturally occurring adenine-type cytokinins, but also bind synthetic urea-type compounds. These molecules are so diverse in chemical structure that it is hard to imagine how the receptor gets the job done. We thus crystallized the extracellular sensor domain of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor AHK4 in complex with many different natural and synthetic cytokinins, and compared them side-by-side. Fig. 8 shows that the receptor contains a binding pocket that can accommodate very different ligands, by simply checking a few critical contacts on one hand, and by providing a simple size-selectivity filter on the other hand. In this way, AHK4 can interact with diverse adenine-type ligands (Figure 9).
Although synthetic urea-type cytokinins look very different from the naturally occurring hormones, we found that they do mimic the critical contacts, basically hijacking the binding site (Figure 10). Synthetic cytokinins are important growth regulators, herbicides and defoliants in agriculture. Thus, on the more practical side, the different AHK4 structures suggest how to design new cytokinins rationally, with potential application in basic research and in the field.


Nurses are the cornerstone of patient care, serving as advocates, educators, and comforters at the bedside. But to truly excel in this role, a deep understanding of the human body’s intricate dance between health and disease is essential. This is where NRS-455 Pathophysiology steps in, offering a comprehensive exploration of the underlying mechanisms of disease processes across the lifespan.
Building upon the foundation laid in NRS-455 Pathophysiology, this course delves into the fascinating realm of pathophysiology, equipping nurses with the knowledge to not only recognize the signs and symptoms of illness, but also to understand the “why” behind them. This deeper understanding empowers nurses to become more effective partners in patient care, promoting disease prevention, management, and ultimately, a path towards improved well-being.
Unveiling the Multifaceted Nature of Disease with NRS-455 Pathophysiology
NRS-455 Pathophysiology goes beyond simply memorizing disease names and symptoms. It emphasizes a holistic approach, recognizing the various dimensions that contribute to an individual’s health and illness experience.
- Biological dimension: This core aspect focuses on the cellular and physiological changes that occur within the body during disease. Understanding the interplay between organs, tissues, and cells is crucial for comprehending how diseases manifest and progress.
- Environmental dimension: Our surroundings significantly impact our health. This course explores the role of environmental factors such as pollution, toxins, and lifestyle choices in disease development.
- Social dimension: Social determinants of health, like socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and social support systems, play a critical role in individual and community health outcomes. NRS-455 emphasizes the importance of being mindful of these social influences on disease susceptibility and management.
- Psychological dimension: The mind-body connection is undeniable. This course explores how psychological factors like stress, anxiety, and depression can influence disease processes and vice versa.
- Spiritual dimension: Recognizing the importance of spirituality in individual well-being, NRS-455 acknowledges the potential role of spiritual beliefs and practices in coping with illness and finding meaning in the face of adversity.
Navigating the Landscape of Disease
By examining various disease categories, NRS-455 provides a practical framework for understanding specific disease processes. This includes:
- Cardiovascular diseases: Exploring the mechanisms behind heart attacks, strokes, and other heart-related conditions.
- Respiratory diseases: Understanding the pathophysiology of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory ailments.
- Gastrointestinal diseases: Delving into the causes and consequences of conditions like peptic ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and various digestive disorders.
- Neurological diseases: Demystifying the pathophysiology behind conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and various neurological disorders that affect movement, sensation, and cognition.
- Endocrine diseases: Exploring the role of hormones and the disruption of their balance in various endocrine disorders like diabetes and thyroid dysfunction.
- Oncology: Understanding the mechanisms behind cancer development, progression, and treatment approaches.
Integrating Knowledge for Effective Nursing Practice
NRS-455 Pathophysiology goes beyond theoretical knowledge by emphasizing its practical application in nursing practice. Through case studies and scenario-based learning, students have the opportunity to apply their understanding of pathophysiology to real-world situations. This fosters critical thinking skills, allowing them to analyze patient symptoms, identify potential underlying pathophysiological processes, and make informed decisions about appropriate interventions.
Furthermore, the course integrates nutritional and pharmacological concepts into the understanding of disease processes. Nurses learn how specific nutrients can impact health and disease, and how various medications work to target specific pathophysiological mechanisms. This integrated knowledge equips nurses to provide comprehensive patient care, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying causes of illness.
Empowering Nurses to Make a Difference
By delving into the complexities of human pathophysiology, NRS-455 Pathophysiology equips nurses with the knowledge and skills to become more effective partners in patient care. This understanding empowers them to:
Advocate for patients
By comprehending the “why” behind symptoms, nurses can advocate more effectively for their patients, ensuring they receive appropriate diagnostic tests, treatment plans, and educational resources.
Promote health and disease prevention
Recognizing the multidimensional factors that contribute to disease, nurses can play a crucial role in promoting healthy lifestyle choices and preventive measures within the communities they serve.
Provide compassionate and holistic care
Understanding the various dimensions of illness allows nurses to provide care that goes beyond the physical, addressing the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of their patients.
NRS-455, therefore, is not just a course in memorizing the intricate details of human illness. It’s a journey of equipping nurses with the knowledge, critical thinking skills, and empathy needed to make a real difference.
NRS-455 Pathophysiology Questions and Answers
Hey there, future pathophysiology pro! So, you’ve got this NRS-455 Pathophysiology exam on the horizon, and it’s waving at you like a friendly challenge. Don’t break a sweat – we’re here to break down the intricacies into bite-sized pieces. Let’s take a stroll through the basics, exploring the core topics that will have you acing that exam with a smile.
Understanding the Questions
Before we dive into the specifics, let’s chat about the kinds of questions waiting for you. Picture it like a menu with multiple choices – you’ve got the classic multiple-choice questions where you pick the best dish (answer). Then there’s the true/false section, where you decide if a statement is a tasty truth or a little fib. Lastly, there’s the matching game – a friendly pairing of terms and their sidekicks. We’ve got a mix of these to make your prep journey interesting.
Exploring NRS-455 Pathophysiology Module Topics
Now, let’s open the door to the avenues you’ll be venturing into during your exam. Think of it as a friendly exploration, but instead of wild creatures, we’ve got muscle hypertrophy, types of necrosis, tissue types, and active transport systems. Ready to make friends with these topics?
Muscle hypertrophy is like the superhero transformation of our muscles – they flex and bulk up, becoming stronger and more powerful. Think of it as muscles hitting the gym and gaining muscle mass. However, it’s not always a celebration. Sometimes, muscles hypertrophy due to overuse, injury, or underlying health conditions, and that’s when it becomes a concern. Understanding the mechanics of muscle hypertrophy involves exploring how muscle fibers grow in response to stress, like lifting weights. It’s a balancing act between the right kind of stress and recovery.
Imagine your muscles as a team preparing for a big event. If they train well, they become stronger, but if they’re overworked or injured, it’s not a party anymore. So, muscle hypertrophy is a complex dance of stress, recovery, and understanding when too much of a good thing can turn not-so-good.
Types of Necrosis
Cells, like characters in a story, bid farewell in various ways. Necrosis, or cell death, isn’t a single, uniform process. It’s more like a collection of narratives, each with its own plot twist. Picture it as cells expressing their goodbyes in different languages, and these languages tell us a lot about what’s happening in the cellular neighborhood.
In the world of pathophysiology, understanding these types of necrosis is akin to decoding cell emotions. For example, coagulative necrosis involves cells becoming firm and opaque, like a well-cooked egg, while liquefactive necrosis results in cells turning into a liquid goo. Each type of necrosis provides clues about the underlying causes, whether it’s due to lack of blood supply, infections, or toxins. So, exploring necrosis is like reading the cellular diary to understand the drama unfolding within.
Our body is indeed a superhero team, and the tissues are the unsung heroes with unique superpowers. Each tissue has a specific role, contributing to the overall harmony within our body. Whether it’s the sturdy and protective nature of connective tissues or the rapid communication skills of nervous tissues, each tissue plays a vital part.
Understanding tissue types in the context of pathophysiology is like getting to know the characters in a superhero squad. Connective tissues are the bodyguards, epithelial tissues form the protective shield, and muscle tissues are the powerhouse. The MVPs, or most valuable players, in our body are these tissues, working together to maintain balance and functionality.
Active Transport Systems
Now, imagine tiny molecules inside our cells, not following the typical traffic rules but defying them – that’s the magic of active transport. It’s a cellular phenomenon where molecules move against the natural flow, requiring energy to navigate through cell membranes. This process is like molecules taking a special express lane inside cells.
In pathophysiology, unveiling the secrets of active transport involves understanding the molecular vehicles and energy sources powering this unique traffic system. It’s a bit like watching a microscopic action movie within our cells, where molecules actively choose their path. This phenomenon is surprisingly cool because it challenges the conventional view of how things move inside cells, adding an extra layer of complexity to the cellular narrative.
NRS-455 Pathophysiology Essay Topics
NRS-455 Pathophysiology investigates into the fascinating yet complex world of pathophysiology, the study of underlying mechanisms behind diseases. Writing an essay in this course allows you to showcase your understanding and critical thinking skills. Here are some potential essay topics to consider:
- The Impact of the Environment on Disease Processes: Explore how factors like pollution, diet, and lifestyle choices can contribute to various diseases. Discuss specific examples and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
- The Interplay Between Different Body Systems in Disease: Analyze how dysfunction in one system can cascade and affect other body systems. Use a specific disease example to illustrate this complex interaction.
- The Role of Age in Disease Susceptibility: Discuss how aging can impact the body’s ability to fight disease and the specific pathophysiological changes associated with age-related illnesses.
- The Ethical Considerations in Utilizing New Pathophysiological Technologies: Explore the emerging technologies used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases from a pathophysiological perspective. Discuss the ethical considerations surrounding such advancements and potential challenges.
Specific Disease Processes
- Understanding the Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Investigate into the cellular and physiological changes that occur in COPD, exploring the role of inflammation, airflow obstruction, and gas exchange issues. Discuss the impact of these changes on patients and potential therapeutic approaches.
- Dissecting the Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: Analyze the various causes and pathophysiological mechanisms leading to heart failure. Discuss different types of heart failure and how they manifest at the cellular and organ level.
- Exploring the Complexities of Diabetes Mellitus: Unveil the pathophysiology of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of insulin deficiency and resistance. Discuss the impact of these changes on blood sugar regulation and potential complications.
- Demystifying Cancer: A Journey Through Cellular Abnormalities: Explore the pathophysiology of cancer, highlighting the role of uncontrolled cell growth, mutations, and the evasion of cell death mechanisms. Discuss different types of cancer and their underlying pathophysiological processes.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about NRS-455 Pathophysiology
1. What is NRS-455 all about?
NRS-455 is a course designed for nursing students (specifically MSN students based on the context) that delves into the “why” behind different diseases. It goes beyond memorizing symptoms and focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms (pathophysiology) of various illnesses across the lifespan.
2. What kind of diseases will we learn about?
The course explores a wide range of disease categories, including:
- Cardiovascular diseases (heart problems)
- Respiratory diseases (breathing problems)
- Gastrointestinal diseases (digestive issues)
- Neurological diseases (affecting the nervous system)
- Endocrine diseases (hormonal imbalances)
- Oncology (cancer)
This is not an exhaustive list, and the specific diseases covered may vary depending on the program.
3. What makes NRS-455 different from other nursing courses?
NRS-455 takes a holistic approach, meaning it looks beyond the physical aspect of diseases and considers:
- Environmental factors: How surroundings like pollution and lifestyle choices can influence health.
- Social factors: How social determinants like socioeconomic status and access to healthcare impact illness.
- Psychological factors: The connection between emotions like stress and anxiety with disease.
- Spiritual factors: Recognizing the potential role of spirituality in coping with illness.
This comprehensive approach equips you with a deeper understanding of the various aspects that contribute to a person’s health and illness experience.
4. How will learning about pathophysiology help me as a nurse?
Understanding the mechanisms behind diseases allows you to:
- Be a better advocate for your patients: Knowing the “why” behind symptoms helps you ensure they receive the right care and explain things clearly.
- Promote health and disease prevention: You’ll be able to educate patients and communities on how to adopt healthy habits to stay well.
- Provide more compassionate care: By understanding the various aspects of illness, you can offer more holistic care that addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and spiritual needs of your patients.
5. What can I expect from the course format?
The course format may vary depending on the program, but it typically involves:
- Lectures explaining the core concepts of pathophysiology.
- Case studies and scenarios allowing you to apply your knowledge to real-world situations.
- Discussions and group activities to foster critical thinking and collaboration.
- Exams and assignments to assess your understanding of the material.
6. Is this course difficult?
NRS-455 can be challenging, but it’s also very rewarding. The key is to be proactive, stay organized, and utilize available resources like textbooks, online materials, and your professor or teaching assistants for help.


The ALS Therapy Development Institute (ALS TDI) Tri-State Trek
raises funds for ALS research and spreads awareness of the work
ALS TDI is doing to find an effective treatment and cure for a horrific
disease. The Trek began in 2003, when 16 cyclists pedaled from
Boston to New York and raised $30,000 for ALS research. The
event has since grown to a 270-mile course with over 450
participants and has raised over $7 million.
Year after year, riders return and new faces join the fight. We hope
your 2018 summer plans include the Tri-State Trek
and look forward to seeing you in June!
At their own pace, riders cycle a 270-mile marked course with rest stops every 15-20 miles. Starting at Boston College, Chestnut Hill,
participants overnight in college dormitories all weekend, and finish with a victory ride down Greenwich Avenue and
picnic on the banks of the Long Island Sound. We transport all gear and provide all meals, snacks, water, and sports
Paticipants can ride, crew, or volunteer at the three-day, fully supported event.
To view all ride options, click here.
About the ALS Therapy Development Institute
The ALS Therapy Development Institute and our scientists actively discover and develop treatments for ALS. We are
the world's first and largest nonprofit biotech focused 100 percent on ALS research. Led by people with ALS and drug
development experts, we understand the urgent need to slow and stop this disease. Learn more at www.als.net.
Every 90 minutes, someone is diagnosed with ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Motor Neuron Disease
(MND). It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that causes muscle weakness, difficulty breathing and
swallowing, and paralysis while leaving the senses intact. ALS attacks certain cells in the brain and spinal cord needed
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in the US and 450,000 worldwide living with the disease. Currently, there is no effective treatment nor cure.


+(852) 3917 7955
Dr. Yuan Lin received the BS and MS degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Tsinghua University in 1999 and 2001, respectively. He later obtained a MS degree in Applied Mathematics and a Ph.D. degree in Solid Mechanics in 2008 from Brown University. Dr. Lin’s research interests include cellular and molecular biomechanics, tissue development and morphogenesis, and mechanics of biological materials. His works have been published in places like Science Advances, Nature Communications, PRL and PNAS.
Cellular and molecular biomechanics
Cell adhesion and migration
Mechanics of biological materials


The main new enterprise on the farm is 'pasture poultry', basically the concept is raising chickens on a grass and grain diet. This leads to better tasting chicken as 30% of their diet consist of grass. Plus the chickens live to the older age of 10 weeks, which allows the birds to mature and reach a larger size. Finally the birds live outside 24 hours a day in a pen that allows them to make the most of natures natural elements, growing fit, strong and healthy. The pen is moved every morning, and the chickens walk on to fresh grass for the day. In this way they avail of fresh grass sprouts and naturally fertilize the ground.


You can find other organic remedies for herpes treatment that work extremely well. We suggest you use those in conjunction with your olive oil extract to totally ruin this undesirable parasite for good
Natural Herpes Cure Colloidal Silver:
Colloidal silver functions in an identical method to olive oil extract. The positively charged beams in silver flocked into the protein structure surrounding the virus so it can't replicate. In addition, in the event the particles in the colloidal silver are small (less than 6 nanometers), they can permeate the virus and also attach themselves to the genetic material contained inside. This also prevents the herpes virus from being able to replicate even further and essentially"starves" it. Thus by doing this, the viral disease is rapidly contained and quarantined.
The truth is, by mixing colloidal silver using olive leaf extract, oregano oil and BHT (view following two cures), you truly have the most powerful herpes destroyer combo which exists on this planet! In reality, you will be hard pressed to locate a stronger and astonishingly effective treatment for preventing the herpes virus anywhere. We promise it!
Based on Homeopath and colloidal silver pro, Dr Robert Scott Bell, to receive your daily dose of colloidal silver, you must take a supplement that includes silver at a form of at least 10 parts per million (particles at 6 nanometers or less). We know of just 1 colloidal silver manufacturer in the marketplace that not only fits the criteria, but really goes far further to provide the strongest colloidal silver supplement you will ever encounter (contaminants at 0.8 nanometers). It is called Sovereign Silver.
"I found out that colloidal silver kills viruses, bacteria and fungus - I'd rosemary and took a tsp of colloidal silver (autonomous silver) 5 times every day for 3 weeks and it's gone. I discovered that the brand of silver is very important. I have been re-checked and I am negative for herpes. I was amazed to find this disease can be cured."
For dosages, take one teaspoon (5 tsp ) of colloidal silver (grip under tongue for 30 seconds then consume ) 5 times per day for 3 weeks. Next, take 1 teaspoon twice daily for a further 9 months. Also remember to never use a metal teaspoon when measuring out your dosage since the compounds from the spoon react negatively with the silver particles. Use a BPA free plastic spoon or measuring cup instead.
In addition to choosing the colloidal silver , it is possible to also apply colloidal silver topically on almost any lesions for some additional speedy healing and help.
Carvacrol is especially significant and the higher the levels of the compound the better. Like we mentioned, when blended with olive leaf extract, colloidal silver and BHT, eucalyptus oil is unbeatable. However, and this is essential, you need to make certain you purchase the right sort of oregano oil and utilize it correctly (falls under the tongueadded to water and applied to the base of the backbone ). The lavender oil MUST be the"super strength" 100 percent pure Mediterranean petroleum. Nothing else will get the job done! This is among those brands we recommend, however, it's pricey New Age Super Strength Oregano Oil (make sure you follow each crucial thing they list on how best to use the oil).
This brand is much more reasonably priced and really contains some of the highest degrees of carvacol and thymol we have come across thus far (up to 92% carvacrol! ) ) You will still should read through this informative article though on exactly how to use the oil efficiently, both internally and externally, to destroy the virus Steps How to use this Oregano Oil.
Furthermore, please make sure you take the time to read through this ENTIRE article and follow the information"to-the-letter" so that you can get the most from the strong herpes Therapy
Organic Herpes Heal 4 BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene):
Considering that around half of serious (viral) diseases are related to or due to lipid-coated viruses, that this is a powerful finding. When a virus can't infect and invade a cell, it can't rise and replicate and will gradually die.
BHT is also terrific for reducing and completely stopping all of herpes outbreaks.13 If you get started detoxing your system and utilizing powerful substances like the olive leaf extract, colloidal silver and peppermint oil, it is very common for outbreaks to occur - especially at first. The virus has been lying dormant and has been woken up. It's not content! So when it leaves the infected area it may, and usually does, go on a rampage at your expense. The body begins to fight back, that further exacerbates the problem. However, BHT promptly destroys the viral epidemic and creates rapid healing
How to Get the Most From BHT
So BHT supplementation is definitely another crucial link in your"herpes treatment" arsenal. And the good thing about BHT is it's not costly and is easily obtainable. There are a couple of precautions though and a specific means to start taking BHT so that your body is able to adapt to it. Firstly, you MUST unite BHT with the herb St. John's Wort. St. John's Wort comprises a chemical called hypericin, and also the theory (yes, it is only a concept at this point ) is that hypericin has the capacity to maneuver down the ganglia nerve, so when it's coupled with BHT it functions as a carrier to find the BHT into the region where the herpes virus likes to hide (hypericin is also a powerful antidepressant also ).
We recommend the capsules. High Power BHT Capsules. They're easier to take and you also know the specific amount you are taking every time. Once again, remain with this number for 3-4 days before increasing to 750 mg. Following another 3-4 days increase to the highest recommended long term dosage of 1000 mg's per day. Stay on this for 6 weeks prior to falling back to 500 mg's a day for the following 6 weeks. You may then take 250 mg's of BHT every day following this period for so long as you desire.
And needless to say, ensure you always choose the St. John's Wort with the BHT and coconut oil for optimum assimilation and advantage.
Notice: Don't consume alcohol whilst carrying BHT as the BHT will intensify the effects of the alcohol. BHT may also thin the blood (if you haven't taken it previously ), which explains the reason why you should stick to the directions and gradually build up the dose. This blood thinning is not harmful to your health though and usually only occurs for the first 2-3 times while the body is acclimatising to it. Naturally, if you're taking anticoagulant drugs, have liver problems, or blood clotting disorders such as hemophilia, you should check with your healthcare professional first prior to taking BHT, simply to be on the secure side.
The herpes simplex virus absolutely interrupts the amino acid L-Lysine. Vitamin C and C have also been proven to help keep the herpes virus away, together with giving the immune system a substantial boost. Taking these three in supplemental form is essential since you may need high dosages. 1000 mg of a premium quality lysine supplement three times a day is needed to find the virus in check, along with 5000 mg of two-staged time release vitamin C and 5000 milligrams of ascorbic acid daily (yes, that's a total of 10,000 mg's of vitamin C each day!) Colloidal zinc or chelated zinc (50 mg's per day) can also be recommended for optimal outcomes. Once the virus is under control, fall down into a maintenance dose of involving 500-1000 mg's per day of the lysine for 3 weeks prior to dropping it thoroughly. Continue to eat a lot of lysine rich foods such as natural free range eggs and organic fruits and vegetables though, along with carrying a wheat grass or chlorella supplement each day to raise your pH level (which also can help kill the virus) and also to eliminate heavy metals in your system (which the virus likes to link itself to). The calcium and vitamin C needs to be taken in the maximum dosages listed above to your FULL 12 months.
Natural Herpes Heal 6 Elderberry:
Yet another extraordinary home remedy for herpes. Elderberry includes some very powerful antioxidant flavonoids which are proven to increase the immune system very quickly. In addition, it possesses some superb anti viral properties and has been shown in studies to really block the replication of four strains of the herpes simplex virus, including two strains that are immune to the most frequent herpes pharmaceutical medication acyclovir (Zovirax).8 Additionally, elderberry is among the finest natural remedies for colds and flu you're ever going to come encounter. You can readily purchase elderberry online or from any great health food merchant.
Natural Herpes Heal 7 Herbs and Reishi Mushrooms:?
Tribulus Terrestris, Astragalus, Cat's claw, galangal, lapacho and Cissus Quadrangularis are anti-viral in nature and will help tremendously. Reishi mushrooms, ginger, turmeric, black pepper, cinnamon, cilantro (coriander), and the strongest of them all, garlic, are also anti-viral and give the immune system a strong boost. Cayenne pepper, peppermint and chamomile are 3 herbs which have actually been proven to combat the herpes virus so make certain to use them on your cooking as much as possible (along with a great deal of garlic and cilantro).
Bear in mind, to successfully kill the herpes simplex virus that you need to detox your entire body, increase your pH level, and also boost your immune system to the absolute maximum! This is essential. Each of these spices and herbs along with mushrooms help do this so it's vital to utilize them and consume them at high quantities daily. You can read more on some of the best natural ways to enhance your immunity here
It's such a strong anti-viral and disease fighting food which it's still considered the number one cure of choice by many natural healers and alternative healers.
And a recent analysis has finally been able to validate the benefits of natural honey for treating herpes
At the first part of the analysis, researchers treated 8 patients with genital herpes and 8 patients with oral herpes with Acyclovir when a breakout occurred. In the next part of the study, they treated all 16 patients with honey rather than Acyclovir as soon as there was a second breakout and revealed that the healing time was 43% greater for labial sores and 59% improved for genital sores. They found the length and extent of each attack, together with the length of pain and healing time were much shorter with all the honey compared to Acyclovir.
With no side effects!
A second study randomized 90 people with genital herpes also needed them utilize among three treatments during an outbreak a ?propolis ointment? (a different bee/honey product), topical Zovirax, or a placebo ointment. They discovered that the individuals from the propolis group experienced a quicker healing time due to their lesions and were far more likely to have completely healed sores daily 10 of their treatment in comparison with people using Zovirax or even the placebo.6
How to Get the Most From this Honey Remedy
There are two strategies to effectively use honey. Primarily as an external treatment When an outbreak occurs simply smear the honey (using just a tiny coconut oil) over the affected region after urination and depart for as long as you can. The second way is a lot simpler You simply eat it!
Honey is not simply anti-viral, it also contains nitric oxide metabolites. New research indicates that increasing nitric oxide levels in bodily fluids may help retard and even prevent viral replication. This is obviously, welcome information for herpes victims. For the best outcome, 1-2 tablespoons of honey should be eaten every day.
Manuka honey is by far the most superior of all honeys. The pollen comes from the blossoms of this potent medicinal plant known as the Manuka bush, located in Australia and New Zealand. Manuka honey has been proven to kill over 250 bacterial strains and treat the herpes simplex virus. This truly is the only honey you should utilize. It's much more powerful than normal honey, but with this said, if you only have access to organic honey or honey then go ahead and use these. Natural honey is still a better choice than using nothing in any respect. Anything you do though, don't utilize processed honey (commercial honey marketed in supermarkets) as this can really cause your symptoms worse! 7
Apple cider vinegar is also yet another excellent all-natural remedy and cure for HSV1 and HSV2. In addition, it contains some very potent anti-viral and infection-destroying attributes and is really among the greatest detoxifiers and thick metal removers in life! As an extra benefit, ACV helps to increase your own body pH level and enhance your immune system. Used topically, it also helps to ease lesion pain and discomfort quite considerably.
To get the most out of the ACV remedy, combine 2 tbsp of apple cider vinegar containing the"mother" apple along with a teaspoon of Manuka honey in a glass of warm filtered water and beverage down. Try this 3 times a day on an empty stomach (very first thing in the morning when you alert is especially significant ). If you find you can not manage the flavor of the liquid ACV, proceed with the capsules rather.
For external relief and also to heal lesions faster, mix a batch comprised of one cup ACV to a single gallon of water. Soak with a wash cloth then apply as a cold compress. Leave the affected area for about 20 minutes. Repeat this process 2-3 times per day until all lesions are healed and gone.
Natural Herpes Heal 10 Topical Home Remedies That Genital herpes - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic Offer Great (and Quick ) Relief:
Benzoyl peroxide (HP): This will certainly be your initial"visit" remedy whenever you've got an outbreak. Since herpes is really a parasite, and you also need to alkalize the body to destroy the virus, hydrogen peroxide is certainly a worthy (and cheap) addition to your daily treatment protocol. If you have a breakout, then simply toss some 12% hydrogen peroxide using sterile filtered water (3 parts HP into 11 parts water for 3% solution) and apply directly to any lesions using a cotton ball. Do this 2-3 times a day and observe those sores fade faster than you have ever seen before. If you have a cold sore (HSV1), lightly prick the sore with a sterilized needle then use the HP using a cotton ball. Hold for 10 or more minutes. Be conscious that the hydrogen peroxide may also bubble a bit in the start - that is normal. Ensure that you use the 12% level and simmer directed above therefore it doesn't burn.
For internal use, follow exactly the HP protocol summarized on page 74 of this terrific book The One-Minute Heal: The Secret to Recovery Virtually All ailments. As soon as you get to the maintenance dose, then continue to choose this amount for so long as you need (at least until your 12 weeks is up). Along with this, take a capful of 12 percent food grade hydrogen peroxide and also combine with filtered or distilled water at a ratio of 3 parts HP into 11 parts water (becomes 3% solution) and bleach this daily after cleaning your teeth - do not consume the mixture, however, spit out after. Parasites and bacteria breed and live in the mouth. Carrying out the HP gargle daily kills those unwanted insects, and then, enhances the assimilation and effectiveness of the foods and nutritional supplements you are going to be consuming quite appreciably. Hydrogen peroxide also prevents toxins and heavy metals from the body at a fast rate through the aforementioned techniques. Make sure to ONLY use water peroxide (such as these types ) for internal usage and make sure you dilute accordingly. Whatever you do however, do not pass up using this potent cure!
Be aware: 35% food grade hydrogen peroxide (as per the books recommendation) is now becoming more and more tough to acquire. This may be easily overcome, but by simply purchasing the 12 percent alternative and tripling the amount (12x3=36%) or buying the 8 percent option and quadrupling the amount (8x4=32%) to provide you the 35% grade.
DMSO: DMSO works a treat on all types of herpes outbreaks, whether they're genital, cold tender or shingle associated. As soon as you feel that tingling sensation coming on, apply a tiny quantity of DMSO into the affected location. Do this 3 times a day for 3-4 days and either the outbreak won't occur at all, or it'll be quite moderate and short lived. Along with this, use a tiny amount into the bottom of the backbone, and when it is temperature blisters (HSV1) that you have, also apply a small amount to the back of the neck (spine) and a tiny amount to the temples (trigeminal ganglia) where the virus resides after dormant. The wonderful thing about DMSO is even if you have a full blown breakout, then it will still do the job. Purchase the 70% DMSO solution in either liquid, cream or gel form. In case you decide to go with the 99.9% pharmaceutical grade, make sure you water it down to some 70 percent solution before employing so it will not burn.
Besides this, you are able to mix the DMSO cream using the eucalyptus oil (3-4 drops) and coconut oil if applying topically to the bottom of the backbone (see 3 heal ). DMSO helps penetrate the oregano oil deep into the ganglia nerve. Attempt to find the 70 percent DMSO cream with added aloe vera if you can as this helps to prevent your skin drying out. HSV1 sufferers can also employ a small quantity of the oregano oil/DMSO/coconut oil mix to the back of the throat and temples 3 times per week for additional benefit.14
Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil is a virtual"cure all" topical treatment. And it works really nicely on herpes sores. Simply use one drop from the eye dropper that comes with the jar and then rub softly on the contaminated place.
Lemon balm: This herb comprises rosmarinic, caffeic and ferulic acid, and the chemicals that give this herb its potent anti-viral properties. In addition, it works very well in skin lesions caused by the herpes virus. Purchase the lemon vera liquid drops and use 3-4 times every day.
Essential oils: Essential oils such as lavender and peppermint oil may also be utilised as a topical therapy. However, we recommend you try these just in the event you don't receive any advantage from your lemon product or tee tree oil as these are most likely the least capable of the three to most people.
Aloe vera: This wonderful plant can help with almost any ailment or skin condition you could possibly encounter. It's no side effects and won't irritate or inflame skin whatsoever. Use the aloe vera creams or gels to supply some soothing relief to a herpes sores.
Myrrh: Myrrh comprises potent anti-fungal, antibacterial, antibacterial and antiseptic properties and can be a more potent immune booster. The ancient Egyptians are believed to have utilized this plant to cure herpes over 5000 decades ago (yes, herpes was around back then). You can use myrrh essential oil as a topical cure for herpes lesions (also it works a treat with this), but also where it really comes into its own is when it is taken internally. Myrrh extract resin (such as this) doesn't just significantly improve the human body's immune response, it arouses the immune system to attack the virus if it attempts to break out and then go on a rampage at your expense. If you are going to utilize myrrh, be sure to follow the instructions listed on the face of the bottle.
Some meals will definitely impair the healing process while others will help to speed it up. The primary"no " is caffeine and any foods which contain it. Caffeine impairs the recovery process like nothing else. Foods you have to prevent include black, green tea and chocolate. However, we do strongly recommend you drink Matcha green tea every day because of its powerful wellness and therapeutic benefits. In this case, the pros definitely outweigh any cons!
The other foods and ingredients you want to avoid are all refined sugars and processed foods (such as processed milk ), along with GMO's and hybrid foods.15 These man-altered catastrophe foods do nothing for your entire body and so are laced with additives and toxic chemicals that inhibit the effectiveness of the remedies we've only discussed. Tap water also needs to be avoided because of it's high heavy metal and pesticide material (and tap water can contain parasites and other unwanted pathogens) so be certain to simply drink sterile filtered waterand needless to say, no alcohol! You will most likely feel lethargic and tired against the virus so why would you eat foods and drink fluids which are only going to make you tired and lethargic anyhow? Nuts (not seeds) are also on the list of foods to avoid because they seem to exacerbate the virus due to their elevated levels of arginine.
The foods you need to be ingesting more of would be the fundamentals organic fruits (especially avocados and soybeans ), herbs (especially cilantro), vegetables, legumes (soft boiled), fish (wild salmon, mackerel and lettuce ), and omega 3 fatty acid seeds such as flax seeds, hemp and chia seeds. Furthermore, coconuts contain some quite powerful anti-viral and disease fighting properties (specifically, an viral destroying substance called monolaurin), along with essential fatty acids, so ensure you consume lots of coconut oil, coconut oil, and also take a top quality monolaurin supplement daily.
Green foods such as wheat grass and also the blue-green algae chlorella and spirulina chelate (remove toxins and heavy metals) in the body and so are high in organic iron (your immune system is based on iron to fight the virus) so try and include one or both of them to a morning smoothie each and every day, together with Atlantic dulse seaweed (some other very powerful thick metal remover) and the anti inflammatory fruits, pomegranate and maqui berries (you can buy them in powdered form). Furthermore, have a fantastic quality probiotic nutritional supplement and consume lots of cultured foods like sauerkraut, kimchi and organic yogurt also for a healthy intestine and healthier digestion (this website has lots of useful recipes you may use).
Finally, be sure that you eat plenty of organic onions and garlic! Yes, this might appear a bit"out there" but lots of herpes sufferers are having excellent results from drinking their own home-made onion and garlic broth. This makes sense like garlic and onions contain a number of the most powerful anti-viral and immune boosting compounds yet discovered. Along with also a 1992 study from Brigham Young University actually discovered that garlic managed to kill 90% of the herpes simplex virus within 30 minutes of applying it to a laboratory dish! So there you move?
For more information on the onion and garlic remedy and how to make the broth, you can click this website Onion Family (Onions, Garlic, Celery, Thyme) for Treating Herpes Only be aware that garlic and onions really do narrow the blood vessels, so if you happen to be on any blood thinning medications, you'll have to leave this one out.
So that the bottom line with all this is"clean eating" is the secret. Heavy metals, synthetic additives and toxic chemicals (pesticides, etc) will kill the benefits of this protocol over anything else!! So be sure you go organic and go raw. Obtain a Nutribullet or something similar and use this to juice and pulp your meals. Cooking foods destroys valuable nutrients and live enzymes so attempt to prevent this practice. Eating organic, raw foods is certainly among the secrets to the success of this protocol.
Organic Herpes Heal 12 You Have To Stay Calm:
You will have no doubt decided that the times you're worried and up-tight will be the times when you receive an epidemic. The same is true for eczema and psoriasis sufferers. The reason for this is stress lowers the immune system (crucify's it really). A reduced immune system means your body can't fight infection, illness or any parasitic virus. Hence the result is a breakdown within the body or a real worsening of any health issue. Fortunately, olive oil extract, olive oil, colloidal silver, vitamin C, zinc as well as the herbs mentioned previously, together with appropriate eating, will all help keep your immune system at tiptop state. But make it work more challenging than it must? You have to learn to keep tension and anxiety to a minimum. Doing a few yoga, tai-chi or meditation daily will definitely help. Exercise is also a great"de-stressor". We suggest that you click on our"natural cures for anxiety" link for more advice about how best to keep your stress levels in check.
A Final Note On Using Natural Remedies and Home Remedies to Eliminate the Herpes Simplex Virus
We believe you've got everything here to cure and eliminate the herpes simplex virus for good and return to living a normal life. Contrary to what you might be thinking at the moment, the herpes virus is hardly something you were cursed together and you will have to take to a grave. Don't believe the healthcare professions"expert opinions" about herpes, even when they inform you there is no cure. We're sick of reading this rubbish (though we do agree that using their injectable treatments there is no cure, but using natural remedies for herpes there surely is!)
So use every one the recommendations suggested here (besides the topical remedies, which are optional) and resource make sure you stay with them to-the-letter FOR A PERIOD OF 12 MONTHS (yes you may need this period of time). In the event you do, we guarantee you will be pleasantly surprized from the outcomes and down the trail you'll even wonder why you were so concerned about contracting the herpes simplex virus in the first location!


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm condition. This type of heartbeat is characterized by an extremely rapid rhythm, which can reduce the heart’s efficiency to pump blood out to the body. As a result, blood clots can form in the heart chambers, potentially reaching the brain and causing a stroke or heart failure.
AF is typically due to an existing heart condition. Other causes of atrial fibrillation include high blood pressure, heart attack and coronary artery disease. Dizziness, feeling out of breath, tiredness, a feeling that the heart is racing or fluttering, uneven heart beating and chest pain are all common symptoms. Atrial fibrillation is common in older adults and may not present obvious symptoms. Seeing a doctor at the first onset of AF symptoms is important to avoid serious complications. Goals of treatment include restoring rhythm as close to normal as possible and preventing the formation of blood clots. Stop by one of our Los Angeles area offices or schedule an appointment today to learn how Dr. Helmy can help treat or diagnose your arrhythmia.


The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) said it is taking additional steps to keep African swine fever (ASF) from entering the U.S.
Although ASF does not affect humans, it is highly contagious and deadly among pigs, cannot be cured and has no vaccine. ASF has been spreading throughout pig farms and wild boar in China and parts of Europe since last summer, and has resulted in the death or culling of hundreds of thousands of pigs. It recently was detected for the first time in Vietnam.
The USDA is taking the following steps to intensify the prevention of ASF’s entry into the United States:
· Work with Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) to train and add 60 additional beagle teams for a total of 179 teams working at key U.S. commercial, sea and air ports
· Coordinate with CBP on the further expansion of arrival screenings at key U.S. commercial sea and air ports – including checking cargo for illegal pork/pork products and ensuring travelers who pose an ASF risk receive secondary agricultural inspection
· Increase inspections and enforcement of garbage feeding facilities to ensure fed garbage is cooked properly to prevent potential disease spread
· Heighten producer awareness and encourage self-evaluations of on-farm biosecurity procedures
· Work to develop accurate and reliable testing procedures to screen for the virus in grains, feeds and additives, and swine oral fluid samples
· Work closely with officials in Canada and Mexico on a North American coordinated approach to ASF defense, response and trade maintenance
· Continue high-level coordination with the U.S. pork industry leadership to assure unified efforts to combat ASF introduction
“We understand the grave concerns about the ASF situation overseas,” said USDA Undersecretary for Marketing and Regulatory Programs Greg Ibach. “We are committed to working with the swine industry, our producers, other government agencies, and neighboring countries to take these additional steps.”
New research out of Kansas State University has confirmed that animal feed contaminated with ASF virus can sicken swine, prompting scientists and industry leaders to call for caution among feed producers and importers.
According to a press release from the National Pork Board, “one new practice designed to reduce disease transmission risk involves knowing exactly how long certain feed ingredients have been securely stored before allowing their use on pig farms.”
It is possible for swine disease viruses to survive in shipments of certain feed ingredients during shipping to U.S. ports and even to inland points of feed manufacture.
“A holding time of 78 days after the date of manufacture and bagging or sealing to prevent additional contamination (“born on date”) for amino acids, minerals or vitamins will degrade 99.99 percent of viral contamination. The holding time extends to 286 days for soybean meal to allow for similar viral degradation, once shipped to prevent additional contamination,” the press release said.


On our drive back from Alabama, we decided to avoid the aggravation that is called Atlanta and instead drive through Tennessee. We both prefer the scenery and calmer traffic and while the radio choices left much to be desired, it gave us the opportunity to stop in Chattanooga and visit the aquarium there. The husband and I love visiting aquariums and the reviews were quite positive so we decided to give it a shot.
It was spectacular.
We saw not only vast numbers of saltwater fish, but there was an separate entire building dedicated to freshwater fish. This exhibit touched on freshwater sources in Tennessee to lakes in Africa to the streams of China. Each plaque had details on the fish and creatures living in the exhibit and gave information on the environment from which they originated. We saw hundreds of fish, turtles, and frogs of course, but I also saw some of the weirdest sea creatures I’ve ever seen.
The very top of the freshwater fish building housed snakes (in cages!) and four, playful otters all in an open, airy room with plenty of natural light, trees, and a waterfall that ran into a massive fish tank full of Tennessee, freshwater fish. The freshwater fish building was very well designed and allowed hundreds of people in the building and spread them out so people didn’t cluster in front of one particular fish tanks. The traffic was constantly moving, which gave everyone the chance to see every exhibit.
The saltwater building contained a massive tank for sharks, rays, sea turtles, schools of fish, and a whole exhibit dedicated to jellyfish and similar creatures. There was a large room for butterflies, filled with brightly colored flowers and warm, humid air. There was a dive show, which caused my palms to sweat because of the close proximity of the divers and the sharks in the large fish tank.
This was a beautiful aquarium, and easily one of the best ones I’ve ever been to. Highly recommend it!
*The aquarium knows nothing about me and I was not compensated for this post. All opinions and pictures are my own. I just liked this aquarium and needed to share the fun!*


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San Antonio, Aug. 22, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- QualTex Laboratories is up and running with new guidance for testing blood donations for the Zika virus, just weeks after the Food and Drug Administration issued revised recommendations for blood centers.
In July, the FDA distributed a Guidance for Industry permitting the use of “minipool” testing for Zika, in which samples from a small group of donors are combined and tested for the presence of Zika virus antibodies. Since Zika testing began in 2016, all donations had been required to be tested individually.
The new minipool Zika method began at QualTex Laboratories facilities in San Antonio and Norcross, Georgia, on Aug. 16. QualTex performs blood testing for the South Texas Blood & Tissue Center (STBTC), as well as blood and plasma centers throughout the United States.
“Our partnership with Roche gave us a more-rapid implementation of the minipool Zika testing,” said Ward Carter, chief operating officer of QualTex Laboratories, which along with STBTC is a subsidiary of BioBridge Global. “We had prepared for this change and wanted to be an early adopter of the minipool methodology.”
QualTex was one of the first testing centers in the United States to make the Zika test available, working with the pharmaceutical giant Roche on development of the assay in 2016. The FDA recommended testing all blood and blood products for the presence of the Zika virus in July 2016.
The change will result in lower costs for blood centers, Carter noted, since running in a minipool format has a lower overall cost than the individual method.
The FDA’s revised recommendations noted that if there is a positive test for the Zika virus, or if the Centers for Disease Control or other health agencies determine there is a high risk for Zika virus transmission in a certain area, then all donations will need to be tested individually.
Positive tests have been rare since the FDA released its initial guidelines in2016. QualTex has not had a confirmed positive test, and a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed the nation’s largest blood collection organization had just eight positive tests out of more than 4 million donations in the first 15 months of Zika testing.
About QualTex Laboratories: QualTex Laboratories is a nonprofit affiliate of BioBridge Global that provides state-of-the-art biologic testing services on whole blood, plasma and human cells, tissue, and cellular- and tissue-based products (HCT/P) for its global biotechnology and biopharmaceutical customers. It is one of the nation’s largest nonprofit testing laboratories and has locations in Texas and Georgia. Visit us at qualtexlabs.org.
About BioBridge Global: BioBridge Global (BBG) is a San Antonio, Texas-based 501(c)(3) nonprofit corporation supporting regenerative medicine with diverse products and services, through its operating subsidiaries – the South Texas Blood & Tissue Center, QualTex Laboratories and GenCure – and supported by the community through The Blood & Tissue Center Foundation. BBG provides products and services in blood resource management, cellular therapy, donated umbilical cord blood and human tissue, as well as testing of blood, plasma and tissue products for clients both domestically and abroad. BBG is committed to saving and enhancing lives through the healing power of human cells. It fulfills part of this mission by supporting groundbreaking research, addressing unmet clinical needs and enabling the development and commercialization of novel biotechnology products.
Mary Uhlig BioBridge Global 210-731-5519 email@example.com


How to Make Your Garden Bee-Friendly
Bees are one of the most important parts of our ecosystem. They pollinate all sorts of different plants, from the food we eat to the flowers we cultivate to make our homes beautiful. Here are some tips for choosing the right plants and fencing for your garden to help you to make the most bee-friendly garden possible and do your part to help the planet.
Choose the Right Plants
We all know that bees are attracted to brightly colored flowers, but did you know there are some plants that are true bee-attracting superstars? Bees are particularly fond of plants with purple flowers, such as lavender, aster and lilac. Lavender is a particular favorite that comes with the benefit of smelling amazing and looking lovely.
If you choose the plants in your garden based on their practical use, don’t worry. There are a number of herbs that are also great for attracting bees to your garden. One herb that’s a favorite of cooks, gardeners and bees is basil. If you’re at all fond of cooking Italian food, fresh basil offers an easy way to make your dishes taste amazing. Chives, rosemary and sage are other kitchen staples that will both attract bees to your garden and give you a fresh supply of organic herbs.
Home Your Plants in Creative Places
Unlike flowers and bushes that need to be planted in the ground, climbing plants can live in a wide range of places. If you have an aluminum fence in your garden, you’ll be happy to know that aluminum fences can make a fantastic home for a wide range of climbing plants. In addition to looking good and keeping your home secure, you can use aluminum fences to display a wide range of vines and climbing plants like Carmel creeper and wisteria. That way, you’ll be making your home beautiful in a way that suits your tastes while doing your part to help the local wildlife.
Take up Beekeeping
Perhaps you already have a garden full of bee-friendly plants and a garden fence that’s home to lots of bee-friendly vines and climbers, but you want to do even more to help keep your local ecosystem healthy. In that case, you might consider taking up beekeeping as a hobby. Beekeeping is a fantastic hobby that allows you to collect high-quality, organic honey each season while doing your part to help your local ecosystem.
If you have children or dogs, you might want to consider fencing off the area around your beehive with small wooden or aluminum fences. The bees will still be able to fly into or out of the hive to collect the pollen they need, and any curious children or pets won’t get too close and end up being stung.
As you can see, it’s easy to turn your garden into a paradise for bees. You can plant shrubs in the ground or give climbers a home on your fence. You can grow herbs for your kitchen or flowers to brighten your yard. All these things are great for helping your local ecosystem while giving you a garden in which you can really enjoy spending time.


The ‘Global CRISPR Technology Market Share, Size, Report and Forecast 2023-2031’ by Expert Market Research gives an extensive outlook of the global CRISPR technology market, assessing the market on the basis of its segments like type, cas type, application, end-user, and major regions.
The report studies the latest updates in the market, along with their impact across the market. It also analyses the market demand, together with its price and demand indicators. The report also tracks the market on the bases of SWOT and Porter’s Five Forces Models.
The key highlights of the report include:
Market Overview (2016-2031)
- Historical Market Size (2022): USD 1.8 Billion
- Forecast CAGR (2023-2031): 23.1%
- Forecast Market Size (2031): USD 11.9 Billion
CRISPR technology, also known as CRISPR-Cas9, is a tool used for editing the genetic code of living organisms. It has been widely adopted in various regions around the world and is being used for a wide range of applications, including basic research, agriculture, and medicine.
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North America is the leading region for CRISPR technology. In the United States, CRISPR technology is being used for a wide range of applications, including basic research, agriculture, and medicine. The United States is home to many leading CRISPR companies and research institutions, such as Editas Medicine, CRISPR Therapeutics, and the Broad Institute. Additionally, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of CRISPR in clinical trials for treating genetic disorders.
The European Union, on the other hand, has invested heavily in CRISPR research, with the European Commission funding a number of projects aimed at developing new CRISPR applications. Additionally, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved the use of CRISPR in clinical trials for treating genetic disorders.
In the Asia Pacific region, China has invested heavily in CRISPR research, with many leading Chinese scientists and institutions working on new CRISPR applications. China has also approved the use of CRISPR in clinical trials for treating genetic disorders.
CRISPR Technology Industry Definition and Major Segments
CRISPR technology is a powerful genetic engineering tool which enables scientists to make precise alterations to the DNA of living organisms. The process includes the use an enzyme called Cas9, which acts like a pair of molecular scissors, to cut specific sequences of DNA. Once the DNA is cut, scientists can then add, delete, or replace specific genes or sequences to change the characteristics of the organism. CRISPR technology has a wide range of applications, including gene therapy, disease treatment, and crop improvement.
Read Full Report with Table of Contents@ https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/crispr-technology-market
Market Breakup by Type
- Cas9 and gRNA
- Design Tools
- Plasmid and Vectors
- Other Delivery System Products
Market Breakup by Cas Type
- Cas3 in Type I Systems
- Cas9 in Type II Systems
- Cas10 in Type III Systems
Market Breakup by Application
- Genome Engineering
- Disease Models
- Functional Genomics
Market Breakup by End User
- Academic Research Organisations
- Biopharmaceutical Companies
- Agriculture Biotechnology Companies
- Contract Research Organisations (CROs)
Market Breakup by Region
- North America
- Asia Pacific
- Latin America
- Middle East and Africa
CRISPR Technology Market Trends
The CRISPR technology market is driven by a number of factors, including the increasing demand for precision medicine, the growing awareness of the potential applications of CRISPR technology, and the increasing availability of funding for research and development. The advancements in the technology itself, such as the development of new delivery methods, have also contributed to the growth of the market.
Another driver of the CRISPR technology market is the growing awareness of the potential applications of CRISPR technology. Researchers and scientists have begun to explore the use of CRISPR technology for a wide range of applications, including agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental conservation. This has led to a growing interest in the technology, which has contributed to the growth of the market.
The increasing availability of funding for research and development has also driven the growth of the CRISPR technology market. Governments, private organizations, and venture capitalists are investing heavily in the development of new CRISPR technologies and applications, which has led to a surge in research and development activities. This has in turn led to the development of new products and services, which has contributed to the growth of the market.
Key Market Players
The key players in the market are:
- Horizon Discovery Group plc
- Sangamo Therapeutics
- GenScript Biotech
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.
- Precision Biosciences
- Beam Therapeutics Inc.
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
- Intellia Therapeutics
- CRISPR Therapeutics AG
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
- New England Biolabs
- Agilent Technologies, Inc.
- Merck KGaA
The report covers the market shares, capacities, plant turnarounds, expansions, investments and mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.
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Expert Market Research (EMR) is leading market research company with clients across the globe. Through comprehensive data collection and skillful analysis and interpretation of data, the company offers its clients extensive, latest, and actionable market intelligence which enables them to make informed and intelligent decisions and strengthen their position in the market. The clientele ranges from Fortune 1000 companies to small and medium scale enterprises.
EMR customises syndicated reports according to clients’ requirements and expectations. The company is active across over 15 prominent industry domains, including food and beverages, chemicals and materials, technology and media, consumer goods, packaging, agriculture, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, among others.
Over 3000 EMR consultants and more than 100 analysts work very hard to ensure that clients get only the most updated, relevant, accurate and actionable industry intelligence so that they may formulate informed, effective and intelligent business strategies and ensure their leadership in the market.
Company Name: Claight Corporation
Contact Person: Steven Luke, Corporate Sales Specialist – U.S.A.
Toll Free Number: +1-415-325-5166 | +44-702-402-5790
Address: 30 North Gould Street, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA


Water, Molecular Biology Grade, USP, Sterile, Purified, DNase-, RNase- and Protease–Free
Item # 46-000
Water, Molecular Biology Grade, USP, Sterile, Purified, DNase-, RNase- and Protease–free grade water is ideal for a wide variety of routine tasks requiring a high degree of sterility. It is great for the preparation of reagents, rinsing glassware and plasticware, and other molecular biology applications where Rnase-, Dnase-, and Protease-free water is required. No toxic agents, including diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), are used in the preparation of Corning's molecular biology grade water, eliminating possible interferences with enzymatic reactions.
It is perfect for critical molecular biology processes where low endotoxin and the absence of nuclease and protease activity is a must, including: buffer preparation, DNA/RNA purification, DNA sequencing and libraries, recombinant DNA, cloning, gene mapping, Northern blots, Southern blots, and Western Blots, etc.
A complete Certificate of Analysis is available for each production lot, along with full formulation information. Sizes are available from 100 mL to 1 L.


- Clinical Center
- Medical Oncology
- Gynecologic Oncology
- Traditional Chinese Medicine/Integrative Oncology
- Radiation Oncology
- Medical Laboratory
Add: 283 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, P.R. China
Patients’ Joint Efforts in Clinical Studies, Better and Newer Treatments
Great achievements have been made in recent 10 years concerning the treatments of a variety of tumors including lung cancer. Thanks to the clinical research, some terminal lung cancer patients extend their lives from previous 1 year or so to nearly 3 years. In the course of clinical research, some new or good medicine, new drugs or new therapeutic schedules will be recommended to the clinical and benefit patients. What is the clinical research?
Generally speaking, the clinical research is mainly divided into two categories, including the clinical research of new drugs and the research initiated by clinical researchers, the clinical research of new drugs is mainly referred to the processes of drugs from laboratory to clinical application, which can be generally divided into three phases: phrase I , II and III. After three consecutive phrases of clinical trials, the safety and effectiveness of a drug are tested. While the research that the researchers initiated are mostly studies of clinical practice, including new indications and the assessment of new treatments and so on. Whatever type the research belongs to, a common principle must be sticked to: test management specification (GCP), it can effectively guarantee the scientificity of a test as well as the interests and safety of the participants.
Doctors and patients with lung cancer shared the same goal of finding a safe and effective treatment. In recent years, selective treatment on the bases of pathological types and genetic types, hasobviously improved the effectiveness of lung cancer, the development of the international and domestic multicenter clinical trials contribute to this encouraging changes. Patients participate in clinical research, they not only receive synchronous treatment the same as those patients abroad, but also get more rigorous medical observation. Potential patients who meet the reqirements of clinical trials can receive treatments partial or complete free of charge. On the one hand, it helps some patients out of difficulty in medical services and expensive cost of treatment, on the other hand, it also provide them with anticancer drugs which has not yet listed, and new treatment schemes. Thus lives of a large number of patients will be saved as well as a reduction of financial burden. Since the patients who took part in the clinical study experienced the scientificity and normative of clinical trials, they are always ready to accept continuing on other clinical trials.
In recent years, our department has actively participated in a number of multicenter clinical researches home and abroad, such as CTONG0806, CTONG1104 and so on. Some patients who took part in theprogramme benefited from it. Clinical research is the important means to promote the development of human health career. We welcome and encourage our patients can actively take part in the clinical research, for your recovery, for our work.
Thoracic Medicine Department 2 Tan Lei


Use of corticosteroids may result in posterior subcapsular cataract formation.
Use of steroids after cataract surgery may delay healing and increase the incidence of bleb formation. In those diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations have been known to occur with the use of topical steroids. The initial prescription and renewal of the medication order should be made by a physician only after examination of the patient with the aid of magnification such as slit lamp biomicroscopy and, where appropriate, fluorescein staining.
Prolonged use of corticosteroids may suppress the host response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. In acute purulent conditions, steroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection.
Use of a corticosteroid medication in the treatment of patients with a history of herpes simplex requires great caution. Use of ocular steroids may prolong the course and may exacerbate the severity of many viral infections of the eye (including herpes simplex).
Fungal infections of the cornea are particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term local steroid application. Fungus invasion must be considered in any persistent corneal ulceration where a steroid has been used or is in use.
In clinical trials, the most common adverse drug reactions were eye pain (1%) and posterior capsular opacification (1%). These reactions may have been the consequence of the surgical procedure.
INVELTYS® is contraindicated in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures.
Please see full Prescribing Information for INVELTYS®.