NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) is a critical tool for genomics, drug discovery, biotechnology and materials science. Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS) materials enable the stable and homogeneous magnets required for precision NMR spectroscopy. Continued advances in superconducting materials have been repeatedly used to advance the performance of NMR systems, and thus benefit a wide range of science and technology applications.
NMR is considered the most versatile spectroscopic tool in science today. In a 2003 report to the National Academies of Science, Robert Tycko of NIH stated that “NMR is one of the most important techniques in modern science, with applications in physics, chemistry, materials science, biology and medicine.” The discovery of NMR as an analytical technique and further refinements earned the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics as well as the 1991 and 2002 Nobel prizes in Chemistry. The methods of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, which are based on NMR, earned the 2003 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
NMR techniques have provided a fundamental tool for the study of materials in chemistry and physics laboratories for more than 40 years. Using modern methods of NMR spectroscopy, an incredible range of science and technology is addressed on a daily basis.
Some examples in materials science include the study of the chemistry of the fungal degradation of wood (a crucial recycling element in the global carbon cycle), the determination of the chemical structure of extraterrestrial matter in meteorites and the effects of various trace element additions on melt chemistry and matter flow in a variety of materials. In the life sciences, new methods use NMR as a diagnostic tool to identify people at greatest risk for developing heart disease by analyzing the size and concentration of lipoproteins, the small spheres that carry cholesterol around the body and deposit it in various locations. More importantly, by evaluating specific medications using NMR technology, physicians are better able to select cholesterol medications that will have optimal results for a patient depending on his or her lipoprotein size and concentration.
Proteins serve vital functions for sustaining life - from absorbing the oxygen we breathe, to digesting the food we eat, to producing the electrochemical signals that enable us to think. The structure and function of proteins remain at the frontier of life science. A typical protein is a chain of hundreds of amino acids combined in any of tens of thousands of patterns. While scientists have long been able to determine the sequences of many protein chains, the challenge is in the way this chain folds into a unique structure. It is this structure that determines the protein’s biochemical functions and properties; determining the structure is key to understanding the way it works. Knowing these structures has allowed drug companies to revolutionize drug-making processes, enabling them to develop drugs that specifically target certain proteins. In fact, finding the structure of a protein is such an achievement that many Nobel prizes have been given to those who have solved them. NMR has provided a powerful tool for protein structure determination and drug discovery.
The heart of the NMR spectrometer is a superconducting magnet. High field values and high homogeneity and stability of the magnetic field are essential to achieve the resolution and precision required for protein structure determination and other NMR analysis. With each advance made over the past 25 years in superconducting materials, first with niobium-titanium, then with niobium-tin conductors and now with a variety of materials suitable for ultra-high field applications, ever-higher field NMR spectrometers have been built and used to analyze increasingly complex molecules.
A recent report from the National Academies of Science on future opportunities in high magnetic field science states that present limitations on widely available superconducting materials will limit future NMR machines to the 1000 MHz (1 GHz) level. This report further recommends expanded development efforts aimed at higher field superconductors to enable further advances in NMR and other applications of high fields and points out enormous potential benefits of continued support for R&D in superconducting materials/magnets.


The Creative Process:
Murray’s upbringing surrounded by East African wildlife and working in habitat conservation has afforded him a unique understanding of animal behaviour and ecology. His life in Africa allows him to explore incredible regions on foot, by land cruiser, with his mobile studio and these rich experiences resonate throughout his work. In the finish of each piece, a depth of knowledge, empathy and passion for the beautiful animals he sculpts is evidenced.
His technique combines the old and the new. He uses anatomical study, field sketching and the latest technologies to achieve the finest detail in his works of art. Projects are painstaking and involve months of research in remote and often difficult to reach areas of Africa and beyond. His subjects are often specific individuals of rare or endangered species and this means he is consistently testing his knowledge, equipment and artistic skill to the limit.
The creative process is one of complete immersion and always begins with hours of field sketching, photography and behavioral, ecological and anatomical study. Each piece requires a unique approach; some require hidden camera work and months of immersive research. Examples of longer term projects are his 2 year research project into the critically endangered Kenyan Mountain Bongo, tracking a huge mountain leopard in a remote high altitude habitat and sculpting the Mountain Nyala of the Ethiopian Highlands. Many projects involve gathering unique data that can be used in conservation work, including mapping of species and crucial habitats.
Research and Wildlife Monitoring:
Murray has access to some of Africa’s best wildlife areas and collaborates widely with the local wildlife authorities to use his research materials in crucial wildlife monitoring and protections programmes.
Using some of the most cutting edge motion sensor cameras, Murray now has archives of research photography on several important species. These images are used by those working in wildlife surveillance to positively identify individuals and territories.
Murray’s work is cast by Europe’s most cutting-edge Foundry, Pangolin Editions in UK, who are world class specialists in the lost wax process.
For more information on how Murray’s bronzes are made, see HERE – www.pangolin-editions.com
Murray is passionate about his wildlife photography and relies a great deal on the information he collects through his camera work for movement, muscle, skin and other nuanced aspects of the subjects he sculpts.
During his time in the bush he has been able to capture and witness countless unusual and significant wildlife sequences, which he records with still photography and video. Occasionally he produces limited edition prints for sale.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic renal disease, is a condition that occurs when your kidneys don’t work as well as they should to filter waste, toxins and excess fluid from your body. Kidney disease progresses in stages—defined by a blood test (eGFR) to determine how well your kidneys are working to clean your blood—and may eventually lead to kidney failure. The goal of treating CKD is to manage your health at every stage, which can help slow progression and keep your kidneys functioning as long as possible. Treatment options for kidney failure include dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Kidney disease is hard to detect early because most symptoms of kidney disease don’t show up until later stages. CKD symptoms may include fatigue, changes in urination, itching or swelling of the hands or feet.
There are some factors that put you at a higher risk for CKD, including family history, health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, ethnicity or overuse of medications.


Single Session | $50
Package (up to 9 treatments) | $265
Enjoy a relaxing session in the full-body LED light bed to rejuvenate the body and mind. Light therapy is known to energize, detoxify and activate the body’s natural healing powers by initiating cell turnover and DNA repair to reverse signs of aging and promote well-being.
LED light bed therapy is a regenerative approach to anti-aging. Unlike tanning beds, with LED light there is no thermal damage to the skin, and the non-invasive treatment promotes cell creation and turnover. Our LED light therapy bed penetrates the skin and kick starts the body’s natural internal processes. Collagen production is activated and strong circulation is promoted.
Users of the light therapy bed spend 15-20 minutes in the warm, relaxing bed per treatment and see results immediately afterward. When used consistently, however, the cumulative results of 6 to 10 treatments are even more powerful, combining to create healthier, younger-looking skin.
What Is an LED Light Therapy Bed?
LED light therapy beds are not to be confused with tanning beds. The structures may look similar, they may both emit light, but the technology and results are diametrically opposite.
The UV radiation of a tanning bed is skin-damaging. The rays may create the skin tone you want to achieve, but they will also have a harsh effect on your skin while aging, as it shrinks your cells and reduces cellular regeneration.
An LED light therapy bed, however, is a regenerative approach to anti-aging. The word “therapy” is accurately applied here. There is no thermal damage to the skin, and the non-invasive treatment promotes cell creation and turnover.
How the LED Light Therapy Bed Works
The high-energy beams of an LED light therapy bed penetrate the skin and kickstart the body’s natural internal processes. As inflammation is the primary cause of illness and disease, the LED light therapy bed works by penetrating deep into the body to activate cell turnover and reduce this inflammation. Simultaneously, collagen production is increased and strong circulation is promoted.
Over time, the LED lights penetrate the skin at about 4″ on each side, working on your skin, muscles and organs. The reactions your skin has to the lights can fight bacteria that causes acne, reduce wrinkles, tighten skin, reduce inflammation, and plump skin; your muscles and organs have an increase in neural stimuli which boosts your energy and mental clarity.
Each client’s unique set of conditions will vary the effectiveness of the LED light therapy. Age, current skin condition, lifestyle, and diet all play a role. Your aesthetician will advise you on the best courses of treatment to give you the skin results you want.
Gentle and calming to the skin, research suggests that there are many benefits to spending time in an LED light therapy bed:
- Diminish fine lines
- Ward off acne
- Reduce scarring
- Heal wounds
- Regenerate muscle
- Delay the signs of aging
- Minimize cellulite
- Fade stretch marks
- Smooth skin
- Even skin tone
Light therapy clients love the very act of spending time in a soothing light therapy bed. There is no discomfort or pain, no downtime, no scarring. In fact, this treatment sets the body’s inherent pain-relieving processes in motion.
Is LED Light Therapy Right for You?
When our body’s tissues absorb light, it is turned into energy; stimulating the body’s organic ability to regenerate cells and build new proteins in the skin. The texture and color of skin is improved. The anti-inflammatory effects of the light work to reduce physical and mental ailments.
Plus, the warmth and relaxation benefits of lying in a light therapy bed cannot be overstated. Walking out of your aesthetician’s office looking younger and feeling refreshed and rejuvenated is nothing short of a gift.
Research suggests you can reverse the aging process, renew your skin, and revel in the relaxation of LED light therapy. Contact us to schedule your consultation.


It's all about the forage quality
It's all about the forage quality
Produce more milk with less forage
In a world where resources are more and more limited and we are all concerned about sustainability, efficiency and high quality in animal forage is a must. Orkel brings an efficient solution to achieve this, allowing producers to conserve better and make more with less!
According to FAO report 2017, currently systems are likely capable of producing enough food for a population projected to reach more than 9 billion by mid-century. But to do so, in an inclusive and sustainable manner, major transformations are required.
The climate change affects livestock production in multiple ways, both directly and indirectly. The most important impacts are experienced in animal productivity, yields of forages and feed crops, animal health and biodiversity. Food losses and waste also hold back the transition to environmentally sustainable food systems. Approximately ⅓ of all food produced in our planet end up as loss and waste according to the ONU Report 2018, representing around $1 trillion in losses!
We can not continue to produce food in the same way we have done so far. This is a fact, and changes are urgently needed. The losses during production, transport and storage have to be dramatically minimized. At Orkel are constantly developing solutions to increase animal welfare and health, minimize losses and enhance efficiency.
Animals that are fed with Orkel bales tend to need less forage, due to the better conservation and therefore higher nutritional and energy. This reflects also in less methane emissions and eventually a better environment.
Improvements in animal and human health is environmental friendly. A good example is some of the big and small european farms. They make the most out of a small area by baling the forage, because land is valuable. You can store the round bales in stacks anywhere, the plastic wrapping protects them from the weather. Silo and bulk storage takes up space that could be used for crops, compared with the round bales that will be fed over winter and be gone by spring.
Feeding high quality silage
- Cattle will need less silage due to high nutritional content, which leads you to feed more cattle and save costs.
- The cattle produce more milk.
- When the cattle eat high quality forage, and therefore needs less forage overall - the methane emissions are reduced.
- Better animal health leads to better milk quality.
- Less spoilage - silage from round bales are fresh and more apetizing. The leftovers are reduced.
A good example is also forage producers in South America. In a way to enhance production efficiently, TMR is distributed for the different needs of the cattle. Feeding the animals different forage mixes based on their needs cause them to produce more milk with less forage and avoid spillage.
It is important to remember that it takes a lot of efforts to produce more milk and increase the milk quality, and it is crucial to keep feeding the cattle in a constant and balanced manner to avoid big variations in the production.
Conserve and organize your forage better with Orkel round bales and achieve savings in storage and transport costs. Orkel balers are known for high density bales, which leads to less film usage and fewer bales. High density bales with Orkel compactors is the efficient solution for both agriculture and industry.
Meet us in South Africa
January 9th 2020 we will be present in South Africa to have a demo of the Dens-X compactor together with our customer Kameeldriftvoere Pty, Ltd.
Location: Cullinan, Gauteng
Contact us for more information: email@example.com


Necessity is the mother of invention, but don’t take my word for it – or Plato’s for that matter. Instead, take the word of CNN’s chief international anchor, Christiane Amanpour.
Earlier this week, on the award-winning global affairs programme, Amanpour, she revealed that Cuba is on the verge of a Covid-19 vaccine breakthrough. News of a lung cancer vaccine out of Cuba has been circulating for the last five years and, happily, it turns out that Cuban immunologists have been able to engineer its technology to apply to coronavirus. The novel Cuban Covid-19 vaccine works similarly to its lung cancer vaccine cousin: it targets the viral growth factor and latches it onto a very unique protein a mix that is then inoculated.
This breakthrough comes despite Cuba’s aged medical infrastructure, its weak foreign investment and years of lacklustre economic performance, as Amanpour points out. However, her guest, Candace Johnson, chief executive of Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Centre, is quick to remark: “Cuba was sort of forced into this because […] they didn’t have access to the drugs that you might get in western countries [so] they developed the technologies to vaccinate their own people”.
Where there is need, there is a way. Necessity is an incredible motivator of ingenuity and invention.
And the race to develop a vaccine over the past 12 months has been an emblem of Plato’s proverb: global immunologists were still uncertain of the structure and behaviour of the Covid virus when they were developing a vaccine. This is remarkable, given what we conventionally know about inoculation and how it has worked for decades. Needing a solution, despite many unknowns, forced scientists to redirect the scope of the vaccine not to the pathogen itself but to the human immune system’s response. That’s where genius lies: mRNA technology used to make the Moderna vaccineteaches cells how to make a viral protein to trigger an immune response, without having to inoculate the pathogen.
And what if this complex, yet generic design had the power to tackle viruses such as HIV? Michael Barbaro, host of The New York Times podcast The Daily, recently sat down with Megan Twohey, a Times investigative reporter, to ask: “can Bill Gates vaccinate the world?” Her answer? Yes – and the foundation’s vaccine department already knows which horse to bet on: Covax. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation was one of the early investors in mRNA vaccine technology and it’s now being reported that its attention – and sizable investments – are being redirected to HIV. In fact, Moderna recently revealed to its investors that it will be conducting early-stage research for an HIV vaccine, given the success of its Covid-19 vaccine.
So, while the past year has been a uniquely difficult one for so many, it has also enabled great strides in medical research and innovation – progress that would have been unthinkable under normal circumstances. We have unlocked doors and made discoveries which may go on to save lives in the future, be they from HIV or an unknown virus still waiting to be discovered. And we have done it at a pace unmatched in human history.
That, I pose, is something to feel optimistic about.


Griffith Park had a fire Nov. 9th while Woolsey and Campfire wildfires burned. These are photos of the 300+ acres burned around Condor Trail and near the LA Zoo taken in the weeks post-fire.
Scrubjay sitting in charred branches of a tree
Trail marker scorched on fire-ravaged tree.
Yellow Rumped Warbler
Yellow Rumped Warbler sitting in charred remains of tree.
Closer version of Scrubjay sitting in charred branches of a tree
Birds getting a drink from drips of hydrant water
Acorn Woodpecker in burnt remains of a tree (landscape crop)
Acorn Woodpecker in burnt remains of a tree (portrait crop)
All images are property of Danielle Rayne. So enjoy them but please don't use them without permission.


In an earlier post this summer, I showed a few pics of 5 new papyrus plants I had acquired, with encouragement from my friend Kent Russell. In September, I moved them indoors ( a bit early, but I went travelling, I knew I wouldn’t be around to tend them outdoors). I have them in our 12′ tall south-facing windows, and they’re growing like crazy. Along with the great growth have come a couple of pest problems.
The Cyperus papyrus has exploded upwards to over 9′ tall. The previously needle-like leaves of earlier growths have been replaced by trifurcated strap-like fronds on the best stems. The weaker/older stems have been compromised by spider mites, which the newer growth is vigorously resisting. These mites showed up first on my Cyperus isocladus and soon spread to the neighboring Cyperus involucratus. I was able to keep up on the C. isocladus by scrupulously pinching and wping the mites from the leaves, but once it got into the hair-fine foliage of the C. involucratus I was forced to go another route.
I first introduced a vial of predatory mites into these plants. I’m not sure of the results of this; they couldn’t have hurt, but I didn’t wait for the predators to show domination before moving onto another avenue of attack. I began, (and continue) to twice-daily spray the plants with a fine misting of dilute colloidal cinnamon with a drop of Physan 20. This, I believe, is what has really done the trick.
The other pest in the pots has been those annoyingly ever-present fungus gnats. The solution has not been a difficult one, but in future I’ll attack it more vigorously and more thoroughly. The trick has been a combination of the aforementioned spray, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis pellets in the pots and waterings, and yellow sticky-card traps. This attack has completely evicted the gnats from the papyrus. Unfortunately, the gnats have moved on to other plants around the house. From this, I’d recommend that anyone using BITS to control fungus gnats should go ahead and treat ALL the plants in their home, not just the obviously-infested ones.
A little later in the fall, friends dropped off three pots of Cyperus alternifolius. These are winter refugees from a summer pond, but had outgrown their previous owner’s capacity to winter them indoors. I cut all the drying summer growth completely back, and in less than a month have seen it all replaced with bright and vigorous indoor growth. Having come in from a pond, these three pots are ugly, unwieldy, and fully root-bound. Both these and the other plants have been placed into tubs in the window, half-filled with (very lightly) fertilized water.
The “other” papyrus, the Cyperus albostriatus has proven to dislike the growing conditions favored by the larger plants. While it certainly doesn’t like to be dry, neither does it like to be swamped. I have potted it into a nice 8″ clay picklepot with a more conventional watering scheme and am experimenting with differing placement around the house to see what it really prefers.
It’s been fun having them inside during the winter! The tall stems and firework-like heads are a great exotic contrast to the snowy scene beyond the windowpane. I can hardly wait to get them back outside for the summer where they belong and see how they really do!


Have you realised, to your dismay, that you have dust mites on your mattress?
If you’re wondering how to remove dust mites from your mattress and suffer from allergic reactions like sneezing, then know you’re not alone.
An estimated 65 to 130 million people worldwide are allergic to house dust mites, considered the most common trigger of year-round allergies and asthma.
Unlike bed bugs or lice that can be visually noticed, dust mites are microscopic in size, so you can’t see them with your own eyes.
This blog will give you a deeper understanding of dust mites, how they survive, what makes us allergic, and how to get rid of dust mites, especially on your mattress.
If you need to tackle multiple stains and odours, check out our how to wash a mattress all-in-one guide.
What are dust mites?
Dust mites can only be seen under a microscope, measuring only 300 to 400 microns.
Unlike lice and bed bugs, they are not parasites and only feed on dead skin flakes from humans and animals. With people shedding skin cells at an average rate of 500 million cells every day, dust mites will never starve with human presence.
Dust mites can thrive for up to three months in favourable conditions, temperatures of 20 to 25 ℃ and humidity levels of 70 to 80%.
Since their bodies are 75% water by weight, they survive by absorbing moisture from the water vapour in the air.
Where Do Dust Mites Live?
Relative humidity in your bedroom is critical for dust mite survival.
Considering the environmental conditions where dust mites thrive, dust mites are found in areas where dead skin cells accumulate and in warm, humid places like:
- Upholstered furniture
- Stuffed toys
How to get rid of dust mites from your mattress naturally?
Now that we know how what the ideal environment is for dust mites to thrive, that is, temperatures of 20 to 25 ℃ and humidity levels of 70 to 80%, let’s wrap up what kills dust mites:
- Extreme hot and cold temperatures
- Humidity below 70%
- Lack of moisture
Here are the following ways to get rid of dust mites from your mattress.
Regularly wash Your beddings
If you’re wondering what laundry detergent kills dust mites, the answer is that most can do the job.
What matters most is the water temperature used in washing.
In a study, dust mites were killed by 55 ℃ or greater water temperatures. Dust mites aren’t the only living organism that could live on your mattress, so bookmark how to clean lice from a mattress just in case your little ones get them.
Regular washing of beddings, at least once a week, will help remove dead skin cells accumulated during the week. This removes a vital food source, so the remaining dust mites won’t have anything to feed on.
Using baking soda and vacuum
Baking soda is a powerful ingredient in mattress cleaning. Baking soda is the go-to for most mattress cleaning endavours, from cleaning wine stains from a mattress to cigarette smells and more.
But how does baking soda kill dust mites?
Baking soda is a hygroscopic substance that will absorb moisture from the air or any surface it is applied.
This makes baking soda a natural dehumidifier. When used on a mattress, it will remove the moisture in the mattress surface, making it unfavourable for dust mites to survive.
To do this method,
- Sprinkle baking soda all over the surface of your mattress.
- Let it sit for at least 4 hours to let it absorb any moisture.
- Remove the baking soda using a vacuum.
Vacuuming will also remove the dead skin cells, dust mites, dead dust mites, and dust mite droppings on the mattress surface. We recommend using a vacuum with HEPA filter, like this one from Dyson, to get rid of dust mites.
HEPA is an acronym for “high-efficiency particulate air”. A type of air filter can theoretically remove at least 99.97% of dust, pollen, mould, bacteria, and any airborne particles with a size of 0.3 microns.
Remember that dust mites are as small as 300 microns, and droppings are as small as 20 microns? This means that they will be filtered using HEPA.
Reducing bedroom humidity
As mentioned, relative humidity is a critical factor for dust mites and other creatures like fleas to thrive.
According to a study, relative humidity should be reduced to less than 50% to kill dust mites, which should be a good sleeping humidity level.
This humidity level can be achieved using dehumidifiers or an air conditioner in the bedroom. The difference between the two is their cooling function, but both work in reducing moisture in the air.
- Use an air conditioner if you live in a hot weather area where you need cooling.
- Use a dehumidifier if you live in a cool-weather area where you don’t need cooling.
Why Are Dust Mites Bad?
According to American Lung Association, people are not allergic to dust mites themselves but to the proteins in dust mites’ faeces, urine, and decaying bodies?
These particles are so small that they can be airborne, ranging from 20 to 50 microns. It is estimated that house dust mites can produce 20 faecal droppings per day.
So if you have a million dust mites in your bed, that’s 20 million droppings!
Dust Mite Allergy Symptoms
For people sensitised to dust mites allergens, they can experience symptoms like:
- runny or stuffy nose
- feeling weak and tired
- itchy and watery eyes
- swollen eyelids
- shortness of breath
Suppose you’re experiencing one or multiple symptoms, especially in bed. It might signify that your mattress has dust mites and you’re allergic to them.
Does Lysol kill dust mites?
Yes, Lysol kills dust mites. They claim that, too, as Lysol contains chemicals like benzalkonium chloride that is toxic to dust mites. But remember, dust mites are not the cause of allergies but rather the droppings and dead bodies.
You might have effectively killed dust mites with Lysol but did not completely eliminate the allergens. To do this properly:
- Spray Lysol all over your mattress to remove all the dust mites.
- Allow it to dry.
- Vacuum the area to remove the dead dust mites and droppings.
Dust Mites Prevention Tips
Dust mites allergens can be eliminated on a mattress by
- Washing beddings weekly using high temperature
- Removing mattress moisture using baking soda
- Removing dust mites, dust mite droppings, and dead dust mites using a vacuum
- Reducing bedroom humidity using air conditioning or dehumidifier
Aside from the steps above, here are some other precautions you can do to prevent dust mites from pestering your mattress in the first place:
- If it can’t be removed from the bedroom, regularly wash stuffed toys in hot water.
- Use synthetic pillows instead of traditional feathered ones so they can regularly be washed on high heat.
- Avoid using carpets in bedrooms which can be a trap to dust.
- Opt for blinds in bedrooms instead of curtains which can also trap dust.
- Use a damp mop or rag to remove dust on floors and furniture to capture dust.
- Keep your mattress and pillows in dustproof, machine washable covers.
- Respiratory allergy caused by house dust mites: What do we really know? (2014). Retrieved from The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology:
- Dust Mite Allergy . (n.d.). Retrieved from Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America:
- Dust Mites and Cockroaches . (n.d.). Retrieved from National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences:
- The skinny on how shed skin reduces indoor air pollution . (2011, May 9). Retrieved from American Chemical Society:
- Fox, M. (n.d.). The Biology of House Dust Mites and Dust Mite Allergies . Retrieved from Airmid Health Group: https://airmidhealthgroup.com/the-biology-of-house-dust-mites-and-dust-mite-allergies.html
- Dust and Dust Mites . (n.d.). Retrieved from Lung Association:
- Dust mite allergies: Overview . (2020, April 23). Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information:
- McDonald, L. G., & Tovey, E. (1992, October). The role of water temperature and laundry procedures in reducing house dust mite populations and allergen content of bedding. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information:
- Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) . (n.d.). Retrieved from United States Environmental Protection Agency:
- Lappharat, S., Taneepanichskul, N., Reutrakul, S., & Chirakalwasan, N. (2018, April 15). Effects of Bedroom Environmental Conditions on the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea . Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information:
- Ong, K.-H., Lewis, R. D., Dixit, A., MacDonald, M., Yang, M., & Qian, Z. (2014). Inactivation of dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold from carpet . Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information:


By Sirikhae Pongswat and Sutthawan Suphan
Award KIWIE Award : Korea International Women’s Invention Exposition 2010 (KIWIE 2010)
Algae are the autotrophic organism that can contain a high lipid, rapid growth and require small area for growing. Therefore, algae are the very interesting organism to apply for biofuel production. One of the problem issue is about the complicated of cultivation system, so the column photobioreactor for algal cultivation was developed in this research. It can control many conditions for algal cultivation such as light, nutrients, oxygen and decrease scum formation including easy to harvest the products. Therefore, the algae that cultured with this column photobioreactor will have rapid growth rate and high lipid content. This method have a high potential to be used for algal cultivation for biofuel production with high biomass production and reduce cost, it is very interesting method for production alternative energy while lacking of energy in the present day.


Biology plays an important role in the understanding of complex forms of life involving humans, animals and plants. Understanding these intricate details of life helps humans understand how to care for themselves, animals and plants in the proper manner. Biology helps individuals understand the interaction between humanity and the world. It also develops interests in the lives of living organisms in an effort to preserve them.
Through studying biology, pathologists understand the human body, the functions of various organs, how diseases affect the body and ways to effectively control diseases. Veterinarians have to study biology to appreciate the functions of animals, including marine animals and creatures that live on land. Environmentalists rely on the study of biology to learn how man’s actions affect his surroundings and the ecosystems of other living beings.
Studying biology is the foundation of all characteristics of life on Earth. Apart from creating solutions to the challenges many living organisms face, it paves the way for inventions and discoveries that improve the quality of life. Without studying biology, humans would probably never realize how important maintaining a healthy ecology is for themselves, animals and plant life. Additionally, studying biology enables the use of forensics to trace and arrest errant members of the society. It also allows agriculturalists to rear unique breeds of plants and animals.
Why Biology is important to study for high school?
- It helps us get a better understanding about the world in its natural processes.
- It is the study of how lives evolves, survives and changes, thereby answering the fundamental questions about life.
- It gives knowledge about the interaction of cells with organs and organisms, environment and ecosystem.
- It teaches how various organs and system works on human body and how everything is connected in our body.
- It is an important subject for medical point of view which includes identifying disease and its cure. Hence, paving way for scientific investigations.
- Knowledge of Biology helps making a better environment to live in.
- The vast study of Biology has contributed improvement in agriculture.
Often students find Biology as a boring subject; however, it is scoring subject if you adopt the systematic learning approach. The students who aim to make career in life sciences and medicine then they should seriously think about studying this subject right from high school grade.
Biology Lab Safety Rules:
The following biology lab safety rules are a sample of the most basic rules that should be followed when in a biology lab. Most labs have the safety rules posted in a visible place and your instructor will most likely go over them with you before you begin working.
1. Be Prepared
Before you enter a biology lab, you should be prepared for and knowledgeable about any lab exercises that are to be performed. That means you should read your lab manual to know exactly what you will be doing.
Review your biology notes and relevant sections in your biology textbook before your lab begins. Make sure you understand all procedures and purposes, as this will help you understand the lab activities you will perform. It will also help you get your thoughts organized for when you have to write your lab report.
2. Be Neat
When working in a biology lab, make sure you keep your area neat and organized. If you happen to spill something, ask for assistance when cleaning it up. Also, remember to clean your work area and wash your hands when you are finished.
3. Be Careful
An important biology lab safety rule is to be careful. You may be working with glass or sharp objects, so you don't want to handle them carelessly.
4. Wear Proper Clothing
Accidents do happen in a biology lab. Some chemicals have the potential to damage clothing. With that in mind, you want to make sure that the clothing you wear is something you could do without if it becomes damaged. As a precaution, wearing an apron or lab coat is a good idea.
You will also want to wear proper shoes that can protect your feet in case something gets broken. Sandals or any type of open-toed shoes are not recommended.
5. Be Cautious With Chemicals
The best way to remain safe when dealing with chemicals is to assume that any chemical you handle is dangerous. Be sure you understand what type of chemicals you are using and how they should be properly handled.
If any chemical comes in contact with your skin, wash immediately with water and inform your lab instructor. Wear protective eyewear when handling chemicals, which brings us to the next rule.
6. Wear Safety Goggles
Safety goggles may not be the most fashion-forward accessory and can fit awkwardly on your face, but they should always be worn when you are working with chemicals or any type of heating apparatus.
7. Locate Safety Equipment
Be sure you know where to find all safety equipment in the biology lab. This includes such items as the fire extinguisher, first aid kit, broken glass receptacles, and chemical waste containers. Also be sure you know where all the emergency exits are located and which exit route to take in case of an emergency.
8. Biology Lab Don'ts
There are several things in a biology lab that you must always avoid—here are a few major laboratory don'ts.
- eat or drink in the lab
- taste any chemicals or substances you are working with
- use your mouth for pipetting substances
- handle broken glass with bare hands
- pour chemicals down the drain without permission
- operate lab equipment without permission
- perform your own experiments unless given permission
- leave any heated materials unattended
- place flammable substances near heat
- engage in childish antics such as horseplay or pranks
9. Have a Good Experience
Biology lab is an important aspect of any general biology or AP biology course. In order to have a good lab experience, make sure that you follow these biology lab safety rules and any instructions given to you by your lab instructor.


The ultimate unique product selection is on its way
Explore A Wide Range of Testosterone Boosters in The Bahamas
Testosterone boosters are supplements that are designed to increase the production of testosterone in the body. Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in muscle growth, energy levels, and overall well-being. These boosters are commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and build lean muscle mass.
Benefits of Testosterone Boosters
There are several benefits of using testosterone boosters:
Increased Muscle Mass: Testosterone is closely linked to muscle growth. Boosting your testosterone levels can help increase muscle mass and strength.
Improved Athletic Performance: Testosterone is known to enhance athletic performance by improving stamina, endurance, and recovery.
Increased Energy Levels: Testosterone boosters can provide a natural energy boost, helping you stay more active and focused throughout the day.
Enhanced Libido: Testosterone plays a key role in sexual health and libido. Taking testosterone boosters may help improve your sex drive and performance.
Improved Mood: Low testosterone levels are often associated with mood swings, irritability, and depression. Boosting testosterone can help improve mood and overall well-being.
How Do Testosterone Boosters Work?
Testosterone boosters work by increasing the production of testosterone or by preventing its conversion into estrogen. The ingredients in these supplements may vary, but common ones include D-aspartic acid, fenugreek extract, zinc, vitamin D, and Tribulus terrestris.nnD-aspartic acid stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone, which then signals the testes to produce more testosterone. Fenugreek extract has been shown to increase testosterone levels and improve strength. Zinc is an essential mineral for testosterone production, and vitamin D helps regulate testosterone levels. Tribulus terrestris is a plant extract commonly used in testosterone boosters for its potential to enhance libido.
Choosing the Right Testosterone Booster
When selecting a testosterone booster, it's important to consider the following factors:
Ingredients: Look for testosterone boosters that contain scientifically-backed ingredients such as D-aspartic acid, fenugreek extract, and zinc.
Reputation: Research the brand and read reviews to ensure you're purchasing a reputable product.
Safety: Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medication.
Quality: Choose testosterone boosters from trusted manufacturers that follow strict quality control standards.
Dosage and Instructions: Follow the recommended dosage instructions provided by the manufacturer to ensure optimal results.
Frequently Asked Questions About Testosterone Boosters
Do testosterone boosters have any side effects?
While testosterone boosters are generally safe when used as directed, some individuals may experience side effects such as acne, hair loss, increased aggression, or changes in mood. It's important to monitor your body's response and discontinue use if any adverse effects occur.
Can testosterone boosters help with muscle growth?
Yes, testosterone boosters can help with muscle growth by increasing testosterone levels, which in turn enhances protein synthesis and promotes muscle hypertrophy. Combined with proper diet and exercise, testosterone boosters can be an effective tool for muscle development.
Are there natural ways to boost testosterone levels?
Yes, there are natural ways to boost testosterone levels. Some lifestyle changes and habits that may help include maintaining a healthy weight, getting regular exercise, managing stress levels, getting enough sleep, and ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients like zinc and vitamin D.
Are testosterone boosters only for bodybuilders?
No, testosterone boosters are not only for bodybuilders. While they are commonly used by athletes and bodybuilders to enhance performance and muscle growth, individuals with low testosterone levels or those looking to improve their overall well-being and vitality may also benefit from testosterone boosters.
Can testosterone boosters improve mood and mental clarity?
Yes, testosterone boosters can improve mood and mental clarity. Testosterone plays a vital role in cognitive function and overall brain health. By optimizing testosterone levels, individuals may experience improved mood, focus, and mental sharpness.
Are there any age restrictions for using testosterone boosters?
There are no strict age restrictions for using testosterone boosters. However, it is recommended that individuals under the age of 18 or those with underlying health conditions consult with a healthcare professional before starting any testosterone booster.
How should testosterone boosters be taken for optimal results?
To achieve optimal results, it's important to follow the recommended dosage instructions provided by the manufacturer. It's also beneficial to combine testosterone boosters with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and a healthy lifestyle.
Can testosterone boosters improve sexual performance?
Yes, testosterone boosters can potentially improve sexual performance by boosting libido and enhancing erectile function. However, it's important to note that individual results may vary, and other factors such as overall health and relationship dynamics play a role as well.


In cells, DNA is transcribed into RNAs that provide the molecular recipe for cells to make proteins. Most of the genome is transcribed into RNA, but only a small proportion of RNAs are actually from the protein-coding regions of the genome.
“Why are the non-coding regions transcribed at all? Their function has been mysterious,” said Shelley Berger, PhD, a professor of Cell and Developmental Biology and director of the Penn Epigenetics Institute in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
Berger and Daniel Bose, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in her lab, study the regulation of gene expression from enhancers, non–coding regions of the genome more distant from protein-coding regions. Enhancers boost the rate of gene expression from nearby protein-coding genes so a cell can pump out more of a needed protein molecule. A mysterious subset of non-coding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are transcribed from enhancer sequences. While these are important for boosting gene expression, how they achieve this has been completely unknown.
Shedding new light on these elusive eRNAs, they showed that CBP, an enzyme that activates transcription from enhancers, binds directly to eRNAs. This simple act controls patterns of gene expression in organisms by regulating acetylation, a chemical mark that directs DNA tightly packed in the nucleus of cells to loosen to promote transcription. Their findings are published this week in Cell.
“The cells in our bodies share the same genes and DNA sequences, and differ only in how these genes are expressed,” Bose said. “Enhancers and eRNAs are critical for this process. Our work shows an exciting new way that eRNAs produce these different patterns of gene expression. We asked if eRNAs work directly with CBP, and found that they do.”
Source: University of Pennsylvania


I found Jessica Wapner's book the Philadelphia Chromosome a great read. It certainly makes a suitable volume for teaching people about how basic science gets connected to real medical problems, turning into drugs and many complexities along the way. The book starts off, most importantly, with the science, explaining how the key mutation in CML is identified as a fusion involving a tyrosine kinase, the BCR-ABL fusion. It talks about how the idea of oncogenes was developed from the early 1900s, these being aberrant versions of normal genes (proto-oncogenes) in the genome that are disrupted. (For instance, those associated with RSV are disrupted by a virus.) There is a broader discussion of how many of these disrupted genes are kinases, particularly tyrosine kinases, which are involved in many important pathways in the cell.
Then there is a long discussion about chromosomes and translocation and how people realized that the aberrant karyotype in CML actually results from a particular chromosomal translocation and how this effects the location encoding the BCR and ABL genes, connecting up two lines of research. There is much discussion of the historical figures involved including the Nobel Prize winners Bishop, Varmus and Baltimore and many of their protégés.
After the aberrant tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL was identified, Wapner goes through the long story of how a drug company (Novartis) actually sets about to create a compound to deal with this and how arduous that is. She leads us through the phase I, phase II and phase III trials of the drug, initially called STI-571. She describes how it had to just demonstrate efficacy relative to the conventional treatment for CML (Interferon), how it did so well and how it was fast tracked into patients, there being so much demand. Initially the drug company was a little reluctant because of the small market for CML, preferring to go forward with tyrosine-kinase targets associated with more common diseases such as breast cancer.
Finally, Wapner talks about some of the interesting corollaries of a successful drug trial, including: the development of resistance in cancers (based on particular mutations in Abl and how the companies have developed alternate tyrosine kinase inhibitors to combat these), how there has been lots of interesting downstream science to understand BCR-Abl in more detail, such as a crystal structure of the kinase, and how economically Novartis actually ended up doing much better from this "niche disease" than expected, since CML patients are living much longer than their initially supposed few months.
Overall I found this a very good read that really puts science in context and I would recommend it highly for introductory classes that want to associate a lively story and names of particular people with abstract scientific ideas.
My tags: "Gettysburg Tryptophan Philadelphia" and http://linkstream2.gerstein.info/tag/philadelphia0mg
The Philadelphia Chromosome: A Mutant Gene and the Quest to Cure Cancer at the Genetic Level
by Jessica Wapner


In case you already knew about the beneficial effects of gemstones on water, you probably put the gems directly in the water. This way, you also experienced that your gems had to be thoroughly scrubbed on a regular basis and due to that process became dull over the time.
As the gems in the VitaJuwel are sealed inside the vial, they don't have to be cleaned and stay bright and shiny over the years.
You probably also heard of the dangers of choosing stones that release toxic substances into the water or using crystals impregnated with artificial resins.
VitaJuwel relieves you of these worries. The gems inside the vial - though already carefully selected - don't come in contact with the water. A pollution of the water by the gems is impossible.
Although the gems don't come in direct physical contact with the water, the vial maintains their power of vitalizing the surrounding water, acting like a natural prism for the crystal's radiant energy. This effect can be tasted by sensual water lovers and has been proven by lab analysis.
VitaJuwel is the most hygienic and efficient method to prepare and enjoy fresh gemwater!
The scientific survey by Institute Hagalis, an international research laboratory for the quality analyses of edibles, water etc. provides proof of VitaJuwel effectiveness through scientific analyses.
A neutral sample with tap water from Ueberlingen at Lake Constance, Germany and a sample of the same water after being treated with VitaJuwel.
Within this test, two samples were examined:
Results of the scientific survey
The treatment with VitaJuwel resulted in very clear quality improvements in both biological as well as technical regard. Compared to the neutral sample or to other comparable tap waters a significant quality increase was measured.
For this reason, the sample is reaching a quality level otherwise only found in natural spring water.


The population-based incidence of sarcoma and its histological subtypes in Germany is unknown. Up-to-date information on a disease with an incidence comparable to other cancer entities is of high public health relevance. The aim of this study was to determine this incidence and to detect significant changes in incidence trends using data from German epidemiological cancer registries.
Pooled data from the German Centre for Cancer Registry Data with a primary diagnosis occurring in 2013 were used. To date, this is the latest data on cancer incidence available for Germany. All German cancer registries with sufficient completeness were included (10 out of 11), covering a population of 70.0 million people, representing 87% of the German population. All malignant sarcomas according to the RARECARE Project and the WHO classification 2002 were considered for analysis and, above all, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) of uncertain behaviour. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding certain histologies.
The analysis included 3404 cases in men and 3442 cases in women diagnosed in 2013. The age adjusted sarcoma incidence (European standard) was 7.4 (men) and 6.6 (women) per 100,000 inhabitants. About 70% of sarcomas were soft tissue sarcomas, about 22% GIST, and about 9% bone sarcomas. The most common histological subtypes besides GIST were fibrosarcomas (14%) and liposarcomas (12%) in men and complex mixed and stromal neoplasms (22%), non-uterine leiomysarcomas (10%) and fibrosarcomas (9%) in women. Considering the trend for the years of diagnosis 2004 to 2013, there was a significant increase in incidence for GIST while the incidence of soft tissue sarcomas (only men) as well as of bone sarcoma stayed constant over time. As to soft tissue sarcoma in women, the incidence stayed constant up to the year 2009 and significantly decreased afterwards.
This study is the first detailed analysis of a German-wide population-based sarcoma incidence showing results comparable to the incidence detected in the RARECARE Project.


Early-stage cervical cancer is treatable either by radiation therapy or surgical removal of the cancer. The standard surgical treatment for this condition is radical hysterectomy, which entails the removal of the uterus, cervix, bilateral parametria (connective tissue in the pelvis), upper vagina, and a portion of the uterosacral ligament—combined with a pelvic lymphadenectomy (complete removal of the pelvic lymph nodes). In cases where the patient wants to preserve the option to have a child in the future, a radical trachelectomy, in which all the aforementioned organs are surgically removed except for the uterus, may be an option. This can only be decided after careful discussion with the patient’s gynecologic oncologist, however.
Robotic surgery is particularly well-suited to both of these procedures, thanks to its excellent visualization of the operating field and the fact that it enhances the ability of surgeons to perform the meticulous dissections required in these surgeries.
Once five ports have been placed in the patient’s abdomen using quarter-inch incisions, the surgeon begins by dissecting the spaces inside the pelvis to define the operating field. Next, the bladder is moved away from the uterus, cervix and upper vagina, and the uterine artery is tied off and cut at its origin from the internal iliac (or hypogastric) artery. The ureter is then completely dissected away from its surrounding tissue, allowing for a resection of the entire parametrial tissue, after which the rectovaginal space is opened by incising the peritoneum and the uterosacral ligaments are resected. Finally the upper vagina is excised and the uterus, cervix, both parametria, the uretral sacral ligaments and upper vagina are all removed en bloc (together) through the vagina, after which the remaining vagina is sutured shut.
In the case of a radical trachelectomy, the procedure is performed in much the same fashion, except that an incision is made at the cervico-uterine junction and at the level of the vagina, and the cervix is then excised at the junction where it meets the uterus in order to preserve the top and body of the uterus. The vagina is then sutured to the lower uterine segment.
A pelvic lymphadenectomy (total removal of the pelvic lymph nodes) is a critical part of these procedures, both from a standpoint of staging and cancer control. This step can be performed either before or after a radical hysterectomy. It is always performed prior to a radical trachelectomy, however, since the uterine-sparing approach may be abandoned mid-procedure if the lymph nodes appear to be suspicious for cancer. First, the peritoneum overlying the external iliac artery is incised, and all visible lymphatic tissue is then surgically removed from the upper and lower pelvis. Careful dissection is performed to preserve the genitofemoral nerve, which is important for sensation.
It simplifies an inherently difficult procedure. This highly complex operation is made significantly easier by the fact that the da Vinci surgical system’s 3-D, high-definition image allows the surgeon to easily visualize all aspects of the operating field and precisely dissect fine tissues such as the ureters and major blood vessels.
Less blood loss during surgery. Robotic radical hysterectomy/trachelectomy is associated with less intra-operative blood loss compared to open or traditional laparoscopic surgery—reducing the need for blood transfusion.
Superior visualization of the operating site. The magnified 3-D, high-definition image provided by the da Vinci Si surgical system enables excellent visualization of the ureters, blood vessels, and other organs during surgery.
Less scarring. When radical hysterectomy/trachelectomy is performed robotically, the quarter-inch incisions result in significantly less scarring than with an open procedure.
Less post-operative pain. The smaller incisions used in robotic radical hysterectomy/trachelectomy also result in less post-operative pain than the large abdominal incision employed in open surgery. In addition, there may be less manipulation of the incision sites when using the da Vinci Si surgical system compared to laparoscopic surgery. This may also contribute to decreased post-operative pain—something that is the subject of an ongoing prospective investigation by the gynecologic surgeons at NYU Langone’s Robotic Surgery Center.
Faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Most patients undergoing robotic radical hysterectomy are able to resume normal activities within 2 to 3 weeks, compared to 6 to 8 weeks for open surgery.
Fewer post-operative complications. Compared to open surgery, minimally-invasive hysterectomy procedures, including robotic radical hysterectomy/trachelectomy, are associated with reduced risk of complications, including infection of the incision sites.
Our gynecologic oncology surgeons, Dr. Bhavana Pothuri and Dr. John Curtin, are among the most highly-skilled laparoscopic and robotic surgeons in the New York area, and have spent many years perfecting minimally-invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of gynecologic cancers. Over the past several years, they have built on their extensive experience with laparoscopy to expand into the robotic realm. During this time they have performed a number of radical hysterectomies for the treatment of early-stage cervical cancer.


The thyroid gland is one of the organs releasing a life-important thyroid hormone. The American Thyroid Association claims that 20 million Americans suffer from thyroid disease. A significant percentage of these are people with the underactive thyroid gland. Their disease is called hypothyroidism. Synthroid, the drug we are going to speak about today, is aimed at supporting healthy levels of this crucial human hormone in those individuals whose thyroid fails to fulfill its function properly.
Thanks to Synthroid, people with hypothyroidism can get rid of almost permanent tiredness, improve the condition of their skin, normalize the work of the heart, and improve their general health condition overall.
Synthroid is a thyroid hormone developed synthetically in the chemical laboratories. It is identical in structure and effects induced by the natural hormone released by the thyroid gland. The active ingredient of the medication is levothyroxine sodium. It totally replaces or helps to achieve healthy levels of thyroid hormone in people whose organ is malfunctioning or was removed surgically.
The drug is not intended to treat temporary hypothyroidism caused by thyroiditis (gland inflammation). Though Synthroid can be applied in complex treatment of cancerous processes in the thyroid, the drug is not appropriate for the therapy of non-cancerous tumors. Besides, Synthroid is not intended to treat thyroid gland enlargement when it is not accompanied by changes in the normal levels of iodine.
Thyroid dysfunction cannot be cured. The only way to support the patient’s health is a life-long hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, Synthroid should be taken for life. As for the frequency of intake, the medication is recommended to be taken once daily. Food can affect the absorption of levothyroxine, thus it should be taken on an empty stomach about 30 – 60 minutes before a meal.
The dose of the medication needed varies for different patients. It may take several attempts to choose the exact dose of Synthroid that will be enough to maintain the patient’s health condition and not cause any unwanted symptoms.
The dosing regimen for each patient is determined, taking into account his/her weight, age, overall health condition, results of the thyroid hormone levels tests, and your response to the therapy. Depending on different factors, the dose of the drug may need to be changed. To such situations belong the pregnancy of the patient, development of some new general health problems, worsening of the function of the gland, changes in weight, etc.
Because Synthroid is actually a thyroid hormone, which is normally produced within the human body, it doesn’t impose any serious side effects. The only problem one can face is hair loss. It is usually a temporary condition characteristic of the initial stages of therapy with Synthroid. Yet if it lasts for too long of the hair loss gets more intensive, contact your healthcare provider. However, the described scenario is possible when your daily dose of levothyroxine is set correctly.
In case your healthcare provider prescribes you an excessively high dose of the hormone, you may experience hyperthyroidism symptoms. They can range from light to severe. It depends on the level of an excess of thyroid hormone. The health problems you may have are listed below:
Changes in the heartbeat;
Pain in the bones;
Swelling of the feet or hands;
Whenever you experience these reactions, stop taking Synthroid and go to the doctors to get immediate medical help.
Thyroid gland problems can affect the ability of women to conceive. When getting therapy with Synthroid, the infertility problem can disappear. The use of this medication during pregnancy is allowed. Moreover, you have to inform your doctor about your condition, as your dose of Synthroid may need to be increased. Don’t stop taking the drug abruptly. It can provoke a miscarriage.
Intake of the medication by breastfeeding mothers possesses no danger to the nursing baby. Still, the dose needs to be discussed with a medical specialist.
Normally, the thyroid hormone gets from the thyroid gland right into the bloodstream. Therefore, neither food nor drinks we consume play a significant role in our thyroid hormone amounts. However, when taking a synthetic hormone, which gets into the organism via the gastric tract, the impact of food on the speed and the levels of its absorption does play a role. For this reason, people taking Synthroid should avoid concomitant intake of this medication with the following products:
Calcium or iron supplements.
It’s crucial to select the right dose of the medication to get the most benefit from it. To help your doctor set the right dosing regimen, you need to tell him/her about all the major health conditions you suffer and provide a list of medications and herbal products you take as some of them may also influence the dose of the Synthroid needed. Don’t forget to inform your attending doctor if you have:
Adrenal gland dysfunction;
Heart disease, including irregular heart rhythm.
The possibility that you have one of the listed health issues along with low thyroid function is very high. The reason is that hypothyroidism can cause rapid weight gain and obesity. The latter is a risk factor for three of the mentioned diseases.
Diabetics taking Synthroid should regularly check their blood sugar levels. Any symptoms of elevated blood glucose levels are a reason to call your doctor.


Abbiotec is a company focused on developing and commercializing next generation antibodies and reagents for the life science research community. Our proprietary technologies allow us to select, design, and produce antibodies, lysates, and various reagents with a high degree of skill and efficiency so researchers can better focus their energies on their experimental designs and ideas.
Abbiotec is a different type of reagent company for a new century of demanding and exciting research projects and ideas. Our tools enable the study of human biology and disease at the cellular and molecular levels, with cross applications in diagnostic assays that we hope may eventually lead to promising therapeutics.
Abbiotec will also offer various complementary kits and solutions in the areas of genomics, proteomics, cell and tissue culture, and areas important for studies in functional genomics, signaling pathways, immunology, cancer, and brain disorders.
At Abbiotec, we believe that a strong relationship with our research community is the surest way to show our dedication and pride in our work and to allow for the maximum of success and satisfaction to our customers.


Roger Williams Park Zoo
Known for its award-winning conservation and environmental stewardship, Roger Williams Park Zoo in Providence, RI empowers guests to join together to conserve wildlife and wild places. A visit to the Zoo means a visit with animals like zebras, elephants, and giraffes in the Fabric of Africa, or marveling at amazing wildlife from North America like bison, eagles, and the critically endangered red wolf.
The animals, including red panda, snow leopard, and moon bears on the Marco Polo Trail are exactly what that intrepid explorer would have witnessed on his travels.
A visit to Faces of the Rainforest brings patrons on an immersive journey to the depths of the jungle and the opportunity to see a free-flight aviary, giant otter waterslide, captivating primates, delightful sloths, engaging reptiles, and interesting amphibians.
For something slightly out of the ordinary, visit our new Explore and Soar area offering the exhilarating Soaring Eagle Zip ride, a train excursion through the woodlands, and virtual reality experiences that are out of this world and under the sea.
Roger Williams Park Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, certified by American Humane, and home to numerous endangered species. The Zoo is open all year. For more information visit rwpzoo.org.
Learn more about Roger Williams Park Zoo & Carousel Village by visiting: http://www.rwpzoo.org.


Naturopathic physicians have long held that most of the chronic degenerative diseases of our modern era are diet-related.
The naturopathic physician is highly trained in clinical nutrition and possesses the knowledge of the therapeutic nutritional effects of different foods, vitamins and minerals in the treatment of disease. To this end the physician may choose to test the patient’s blood for genetic factors which determine the type of diet best suited for the patient. Also, allergy testing is often recommended to determine what agent is contributing to the illness.
The higher incidences of Multiple Sclerosis parallel increased rates of cancer, heart disease and arthritis, as well as other chronic degenerative diseases. All of these coincide with the introduction of high fat, high refined sugar and processed food diets which have become the standard diet of most North Americans.
There has been a considerable body of research which bears this out, most notably that of Francis Pottenger, M.D., Weston Price, DDS and Roy Swank, M.D.
One of the cornerstones of treatment for Multiple Sclerosis is dietary. Roy Swank M.D. and his colleagues have shown that diets low in fats cause the illness to go into remission and the symptoms to diminish.
Further, in following patients over a period of 35 years, he has shown that those who follow this diet have lower disease progression rates than those who do not. Most significantly, it has been shown that many patients are able to lead normal lives with just dietary manipulation alone.
The MS patient begins to experience changes in the disease process within 4 to 6 weeks of starting the diet, often sooner. The longer the person continues with the diet the more improvement occurs. Even persons with severe manifestations of the illness receive some benefit.
Inevitably, at some time in the process, the person will go off the dietary recommendations to see if in fact it is really helping, or whether they are just going through a period of remission. In every case symptoms begin to return within a short period of time and will resolve when the patient begins to follow the proper diet again.
The Swank Diet has also been found to be of benefit for other chronic degenerative illnesses as well.


Hills District Orchids is open to the public four times a year, on our seasonal Open Days. Visiting at other times (for country, interstate and overseas visitors) is by appointment only, arranged in advance.
Hills District Orchids was originally registered as a partnership in 1978 between Graeme and Lynette Banks. The nursery was first located at Winston Hills, but moved to the current address on half an acre at Northmead in 1980. Later their son David, who started growing plants at the age of five, became part of the business and subsequently took over its ownership and operation in 1996.
Northmead is located in the Hills District of north-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and is roughly 30km from the coast. Temperatures at Northmead have fluctuated from lows of -3ºC in winter to 47 ºC on rare occasions in summer – a variance of 50ºC! We experience numerous frosts during winter, however these do not last long as the weather generally warms up quickly and is aided by breezes due to the location on top of a ridge that Windsor Road runs along through this section of the route.
A wide array of orchids and other interesting plants are grown, with emphasis on species and hybrids that grow “out of doors” in Western Sydney without the need for artificial heating or cooling. Our plants are tough!
The nursery specialises in species orchids – including the genera Bulbophyllum, Coelogyne, Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, Dockrillia, Epigeneium, Eria, Maxillaria, Paphiopedilum, Pholidota, Sarcochilus and Stanhopea and plus a very comprehensive collection of varieties and cultivars of “softcane” Dendrobium hybrids. Graeme Banks, who has been growing orchids for over 50 years, continues his fine complex Paphiopedilum breeding, with selected plants released (in bloom) at our Winter Open Day.
Over the past two decades David has been involved with the absorbing hobby of growing and breeding horticulturally superior colour forms of Clivia miniata. Seedlings from his breeding are often available for sale. We also have an extensive collection of carnivorous plants (especially Nepenthes species and hybrids) as well as bromeliads (the genera Billbergia, Neoregelia and Tillandsia being favourites), and a comprehensive assortment of the South African succulent genus Haworthia. There is a further array of other rare, desirable and collectable plants.
In late 2023, look out for a major opus on Species Orchids of the World.
Visit and “like” our Facebook page!


Timber is not the only
useful product that grows in forests.
Things like berries, mushrooms, and greenery are also forest
products. These products are often referred to as “special forest
products”. Some landowners
have a large enough quantity of these products to make some additional
income. However, even
landowners who don’t wish to get into selling special forest products
can benefit from growing them. They
can be harvested for personal use, or to give as gifts to friends and
Chances are, you already
have some of these products on your property.
Berry-producing plants like salal, Oregon-grape, salmonberry,
thimbleberry, evergreen huckleberry and red huckleberry are very common in
western Washington and Oregon. Although
you probably won’t find these as tasty for fresh eating as the kinds of
berries found in the store, some make very good jams.
Various species of edible mushrooms are also common in Pacific
Northwest forests. You can
even make maple syrup from bigleaf maple (although it takes a lot more sap
than sugar maple).
If the things you want
are already on the property, you may not need to do anything, or you might
be able to increase the quantity by thinning
trees to allow more light to the understory plants.
If you are interested in growing species that aren’t already
growing there, most of the species you would be interested in are
available from native plant nurseries, and can be planted.
In the case of mushrooms, you can buy wood plugs containing
mushroom spawn to inoculate freshly dead wood.
Many landowners have a ready supply of small hardwood trees that
can be cut a few at a time for this purpose.
If you are interested in
enhancing the amount of special forest products on your property, let us
know. We can take a look with you to evaluate the opportunities.
You might enjoy some of the special forest products videos posted by our friend Kevin Zobrist of WSU extension on his YouTube channel. He has videos on making autumn wreaths, salal berry jam, and shiitake mushroom logs.


Oncotarget published a study by the University of Rochester Medical Center, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Contrary to public perception, the study points out e-cigs cause the same negative effects as the common cigarettes. The effects are in the form of damaged gums and teeth. To understand how e-cigs operate, you need to know their composition. These cigarettes contain a cartridge, battery, and heating device. The cartridge holds a nicotine-composed liquid and flavorings. During operation, the battery heats the liquid to produce vapor, which the user inhales.
Oncotarget is an open access peer-reviewed journal that focuses on how different cancers develop. It maximizes the impact of research through discerning peer-review. It is published by Impact Journals weekly and has been in publication since the year 2010. Its chief editors are Andrei V. Gudkov and Mikhail V. Blagosklonny and an editorial board. The journal’s popularity keeps rising due to its constructive, punctual and multiple peer-reviews which raise the impact of the research. Four board members of Oncotarget have received the Breakthrough Prize since 2013. Oncotarget focuses on the information on the basic formation of various cancers. At the same time, the platform tries to collect details on new ways of identifying the best targets for therapy and matching them with appropriate treatment protocols in cancer patients. Learn more about Oncotarget at Research Gate.
It is worth recognizing Irfan Rahman who led the above study, which was the first of its kind. Rahman is a Ph.D. holder. At the same time, he teaches Environmental Medicine as a professor at the UR School of Medicine and Dentistry. E-cigarettes are considered the healthier substitute for conventional cigarettes. The study found that vapors in the E-cigarettes when burned cause cells to release inflammatory proteins which increase stress in the cells that cause damage that could lead to various oral diseases. The study also found that the chemical flavorings in the cigarettes can be damaging to cells in the mouth. To establish such results, the study used 3-D non-smoker human gum tissue. Check Oncotarget journal at scimagojr.com
This study was preceded by a study on the damaging effects of e-cigarettes vapors and flavorings on lung cells and another study on pollution effects. Professor Rahman pointed out there was a need for more research. For a proper understanding of the health effects involved, the studies should be comparative in the long-term.


My muscles are currently burning, and it took me longer to get out of bed yesterday morning than I’d care to admit to – not surprising, considering over the past few days I tried crossfit for the first time, and ran a 4 mile mini marathon (plus the mile I had to run to the starting line due to a terrible combination of my embarrassingly bad sense of direction, with some poor timing). DOMS, or delayed onset muscle soreness is a familiar feeling (if not name, that’s what that gradually worsening pain 1-2days after exercise is called) for anyone who’s started a new fitness regime or pushed themselves in a new physical endeavour. And while yoga, stretching or foam-rolling can all help, there’s also a supplement that can encourage muscle relaxation – and bring some other benefits as well.
Triathletes, and all these other impressive serial exercisers, frequently profess the virtues of epsom salt baths…which are essentially magnesium. This mineral is commonly deficient, but excellent for promoting muscle relaxation and sleep – both of which obviously enough support tired muscles. But it’s not only this delayed onset muscle soreness that it can help, it can also:
- reduce teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) and sometimes the associated neck pain, due to it’s action on the main muscles involved
- aid sleep – this study shows improvements in sleep time, sleep efficiency and an increase in melatonin levels in the body after 8 weeks of magnesium supplementation
- reduce stress – lower serum cortisol (the stress hormone) levels have also been noted, which can be further helped with some lifestyle changes
Getting enough magnesium can be a bit tricky, as not only do you have to have a diet quite high in magnesium to begin with (something fruit and veg grown in increasingly mineral-depleted soil may be lacking), but additionally, you need sufficient levels of vitamins B6 and D, and selenium for your body to absorb it. Oh, and excess fat, caffeine and stress hinder this process.
Yeah so not quite as easy to get sufficient magnesium by mistake, especially if you’re stressed and living on caffeine. But, taking a supplement in a form that is easily digested and absorbed by your body, at a separate time to your cup of jo, can make it a bit more straightforward. I find 150-300mg magnesium citrate (from a reputable brand like Solgar, Viridians or most types stocked in health food stores) taken in the evening, separate to food, works well for me and most of my patients. Most magnesium tablets are giant bullets, so the powdered form can be easier to take, or you can add it to a smoothie.
*** However, please note that magnesium can increase the effects of other muscle relaxant drugs (like Botox or Valium), so if you are on any medications, please check with your doctor before adding this supplement to your daily routine. ***
Have you ever tried magnesium supplementation?


Ooo Farms Produce
DONGAR ONI PEAS / VATANA
HIGH LEVELS OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
NUTRIENT DENSE SOURCE OF PROTEIN
डोंगर ओनि वताना
डोंगर ओणी वाटाणा
ડોંગર ઓનિ વટાણા
டோங்கர் ஓனி பட்டாணி
దొంగ ఓని బఠానీలు
ഡോങ്കർ ഓണി പീസ്
ಡೊಂಗರ್ ಓಣಿ ಅವರೆಕಾಳು
ਡੋਂਗਰ ਓਨੀ ਮਟਰ
ডংগার ওনি মটর
- One of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for about 7000 years.
- Cultivated and native peas are believed to have originated within the Mediterranean region that includes southern Europe and Northern Africa
- Oni Peas are known so in the tribal areas of India; but outside of India it is known as field pea, dun pea, Kapucijner pea or Autrian winter pea.
- They are an inexpensive source of high quality protein for humans and livestock dietary needs.
- Field peas have high levels of essential amino acids, especially lysine and tryptophane.
- Field pea flour is valued as a good vegetable protein source.
- They are also an important ingredient in Japanes cuisine, used in An Paste - a high-protein sweet filling used in or on cookies, crackers and pastries.
- This variety is slightly more starchy than regular peas.
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Dendrophthoe vitellina —Orange Mistletoe—LORANTHACEAE
Habitat— Occurs in Subtropical, Littoral and Dry Rainforest; also Sclerophyll forest on a wide range of hosts but frequently on species of Myrtaceae.
Distribution—Victoria, widespread in coastal districts and inland to Manilla in the Nandewar Range in New South Wales and Queensland..
Description— Plant spreading to pendent, glabrous except young shoots and inflorescence brown-tomentose; external runners usually present, especially on myrtaceous hosts, rarely absent.
Black Head, Booti Hill, Brown's Creek Bicentennial Gardens, Cape Hawke, Cellito, Coocumbac Island, Crowdy Bay National Park, Forster/Tuncurry Streets, Karloo Street Reserve, Little Street, Queen Elizabeth Park Taree, Wallingat National Park and Zamia Place Reserve.
Leaves.—Displaced—opposite or alternate, narrow—lanceolate to elliptic, 4 to 16 cm long, 6 to 30 mm wide, apex rounded, base attenuate, isobilateral, leathery, venation distinct or obscure except for prominent midrib; petiole 3 to 20 mm long.
Inflorescence—Axis 5 to 50 mm long, with 5 to 20 flowers; pedicels 1.5 to 4 mm long; bracts 1.5 mm long. Corolla 25 to 50 mm long, yellow to red.
Flowering.—Spring to Summer
Fruit—Ovoid, 10 to 15 mm long, yellow to red.
Ripe.—Autumn to Winter


STRIKE FIRST AGAINST ALGAE
High temperatures, a sunny day,
and plenty of company—factors that make for a great pool party—also can
energize a group of nasty intruders: algae.
Without any apparent warning,
algae spores can turn sparkling pool water into a green murky mess. Pool
surfaces can develop a slippery coating, potentially dangerous as well as
unsightly. Powdery yellow-brown deposits of mustard algae may appear on the
walls or bottom of the vessel. Or, tar-like patches of black algae may appear on
stairs, in corners, or in other nooks where water circulation is problematic.
Why? Could have been the wind
and rain from the night before that dumped these opportunistic invaders into
the pool, or a pressure wash of the deck. Days of hot sun and a heavy bather
load might have warmed the water and depleted the sanitizer, making conditions
right for an algae bloom. Phosphates in the run-off from nearby landscaping may
have fueled their growth.
Whatever the reason, action is
needed. The plan of attack often involves the same chemicals that can prevent
visible signs of algae. Used proactively, those chemicals are termed
algaestats. The difference between an algaestat and an algaecide can be as
simple as the strength of the treatment chemical.
It’s much easier to be
proactive against algae, compared to fighting an outbreak. Keeping a
sufficiently high level of sanitizer like chlorine is one way to take
preventive action. However, should the chlorine level drop because a heavy
bather load creates a competing demand for disinfectant, bacteria can develop.
They will also compete for available sanitizer, allowing algae to gain the
Optimal levels of pH, total
alkalinity, and calcium hardness (the essentials of balanced water) help
prevent algae, too. Scale or corrosion, signs of water that’s not balanced,
creates rough surfaces that are conducive for algae attachment.
Taylor offers an array of test
kits for checking these water-quality parameters, plus the treatment chemicals
associated with a well-maintained pool or spa, such as chlorine, cyanuric acid
(chlorine stabilizer), bromine, biguanide, salt, and monopersulfate shock.
Additionally, Taylor makes kits
for testing quat and polyquat algaecides; orthophosphate; and low-level
copper—your “algae arsenal.”
Quaternary ammonium compounds, or “quats,”
destroy algae by disrupting their cellular membranes. Quats work particularly
well against green algae. They are the least expensive, best-selling pool
product. Because quats tend to foam, they’re unsuitable for spas.
K-1582 tests for higher levels
of quats and polyquats.
have a much longer molecular structure than quats, can affect all algae types
and are nonfoaming. They suffocate algae by adhering electrostatically to their
outer membrane, just as metal filings cling to a magnet.
Check quat and polyquat levels
with K-1582 when higher
algaecide concentrations are used, K‑9065 for
products also disrupt algae cell metabolism, making them an effective
algaecide. Chelated copper solutions prevent the copper from staining surfaces,
which can happen with copper salts. Use K‑1738 to help
maintain the appropriate copper concentration.
Copper/silver ionization systems produce trace levels of the two metals to kill algae.
Reportedly, copper works well against mustard algae and silver is potent
against black algae. Only the copper ion needs monitoring; when copper readings
are good, the silver level will be fine, too. Use K-1730.


Day 20 – Presentation Day
Reading Strategy:Presentation Day
Science Concept:Life Cycle of a Butterfly
Reading TEKS:2.13 E & G
Science TEKS:2.2(A, D, E, F), 2.10(C)
Figure 19:Reading/ Comprehension Skills F
ELPS:Speaking K-12, 19 TAC 74.4(c)(4)D
Materials for Reading Mini Lesson:See “Materials for Inquiry Circle Groups.”
Materials for Inquiry Circle Groups:
Inquiry Circle Group Menu of Choices page; materials to support group projects will vary based on choice.
Materials for Science Whole Group Lesson:
See section for details.
Butterfly — Group of insects that have four broad wings, narrow body and fly mainly in the daytime.
Caterpillar — Larva of a butterfly.
Cycle — A series of events regularly repeated in the same order.
Larva/larvae — Wingless, often worm-like form of a newly hatched insect (larva is singular, larvae is plural).
Life cycle — Series of change undergone by an organism over its lifespan.
Metamorphosis — In an insect or amphibian, the transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.
Science and Literacy Connection:Your students have embodied the role of scientists through speaking, reading, thinking, and writing like a scientist. Now it is time to share and celebrate all they have discovered!
See “Inquiry Circle” section.
Students have worked in inquiry circle groups to research various organisms. During this time, students have practiced becoming a scientist by speaking, reading, and writing like one. Inquiry circle groups will work together to create a product to share at the scientific symposium.
TIME: 30–45 minutes
- Say something like, “Now that everyone has written a synthesis statement about their organism, we will create a product to share what we know in a scientific symposium.”
- Say something like, “Groups will work together to pick one product to create. Remember, your product must show what you know about your organism’s physical traits as adults and offspring.”
- Pass out the choice sheet (see PDF), and review the options. For technology-based products, be sure the app is available in your school district and that you are familiar with it.
- Facilitate groups (if needed) to come to a consensus about which product to create.
- Including today, there are three days scheduled to work on the culminating product.
- Groups will present their products on the last day of the unit.
Students apply new knowledge about the life cycle of a painted lady butterfly to create a final diagram.
TIME: 30 minutes
What does the life cycle for the painted lady butterfly look like?
The painted lady butterfly life cycle is especially interesting. It goes through a process called complete metamorphosis. Painted lady butterflies begin as eggs, transform into larvae, dissolve into mush inside chrysalises, and emerge as adult butterflies that reproduce through mating and the laying of new eggs. The Painted lady butterflies for the classroom arrived from the supplier as already hatched larva. After three to four weeks of physical changes, the adult butterflies emerged from chrysalises. If males and females are present, the cycle begins anew with mating and egg laying.
In this activity, students will create a life cycle diagram for the Painted Lady using the notes and observations they have collected in their notebooks. They should begin this activity after the emergence of the adult butterflies.
- Copy of Life Cycle 3-page set (see PDF)
- Colored markers, pencils, or crayons
- Glue stick
- Hand lens
- Petri dishes (optional)
Give students time to observe their organisms (whether they are in the larva, pupa, or adult stage), take measurements of the larvae (if applicable), and record their observations in their science notebooks. Facilitate group discussions by asking questions like, “What did you notice?” “What has changed since the last time you observed your organisms?”
- Write the word “metamorphosis” on the board. Ask for ideas about what this word means. Write all responses on the board. If prompts are needed, circle “morph.” Ask if anyone has read about or seen an action figure “morph.” What happens? (it changes shape or becomes something else)
- After a discussion about their ideas, ask “How we can use “metamorphosis” to describe the changes you have seen in your organisms?”
- Tell the class that today they will summarize and communicate their findings about the different stages in the life of the butterflies (metamorphosis). Allow time for sharing what they have learned.
- After discussion, ask the groups to work together to organize a chart or diagram that shows how the butterfly has changed over time. Encourage them to draw and label their work. Circulate among the groups to listen to their discussions and offer prompts as needed. It is important at this stage of the lesson for them to construct their own ideas!
- When all groups have completed their work, ask them to share their diagrams/charts with the class. Accept all representations.
- Bring the group back to the idea of the butterfly’s life cycle. Explain that a cycle is a series of events that happen over and over again. (Ex: night/day). How does the butterfly complete a life cycle? (it goes through the changes you have described in your diagrams) Then what happens?
- Explain that scientists often use a circle to organize the information in a “cycle”. Draw a large circle on the board. Begin at the top of the circle and add a smaller circle on the top (like the blank painted lady life cycle diagram). Ask the students “what happens first in the butterfly’s life cycle?”. Write the word “eggs.”
- Tell them that although they did not see it, the life cycle began with the eggs laid by a butterfly. Show them a picture of actual painted lady butterfly egg (look up “painted lady butterfly egg” on the internet to see pictures) and talk about their actual size (pinhead size).
- Proceed in a clockwise direction and add another circle, ask “what happens here?” (write the word larva). Proceed around the circle asking for their words to complete the cycle.
- When the cycle is finished, tell the class that they will now create their own life cycle diagrams for their notebooks. Give each student a copy of the “painted lady Life Cycle blank” student page.
- Have them draw scientific illustrations of the four life stages inside the four smaller circles and label the stages.
- When their illustrations are complete, hand out the “Life Cycle Descriptions” page. Read over the text in each box with the class. Ask students to think about where in their diagrams these words might fit. When they have decided where they should go, cut and glue the boxes next to the life cycle stage that it describes.
- End the lesson by showing the class the “Completed Painted Lady Life Cycle” image. Celebrate all they have learned as they compare diagrams! Make sure that they add their diagrams to their science notebooks. (By the time this unit ends, all the butterflies should have emerged.)
- Allow students to observe the recently emerged adult butterflies. What are they doing? How do they look when flying? How do they look when not moving (wings will be folded up)?
- How many wings do they have? Are the tops of the wings the same color as the bottom of the wings? What do the heads look like? How do the butterflies feed? It will likely require more than one observation session to answer all of these questions.
- Have students illustrate the adult butterflies in their notebooks. Illustrating will be challenging because of the movements of the butterflies. Ask students for ideas on how to improve their observations. (Since adult butterflies have a short life span, butterfly scientists often base their illustrations on adults that have died).
- When the adult painted lady butterflies die, protect them by placing them in petri dishes or other containers that are clear. Some of the butterflies will have their wings folded while others may be spread out. If you have the time, mounting instructions are available on line at: https://bughunter.tamu.edu/collecting-and-preserving-butterflies/
- Listen for the accurate use of new vocabulary and concept understanding as students describe the different parts of the life cycle of the butterfly.
Reading TEKS:2.13 E & G. Inquiry and research: listening, speaking, reading, writing, and thinking using multiple texts. The student engages in both short-term and sustained recursive inquiry processes for a variety of purposes. The student is expected to: (E) demonstrate understanding of information gathered; (G) use an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.
Figure 19:Reading/Comprehension Skills F. Students use a flexible range of metacognitive reading skills in both assigned and independent reading to understand an author’s message. Students will continue to apply earlier standards with greater depth in increasingly more complex texts as they become self-directed, critical readers. The student is expected to (F) make connections to own experiences, to ideas in other texts, and to the larger community and discuss textual evidence.
ELPS:Student Expectations for Speaking K-12, 19 TAC 74.4(c)(4). The student is expected to: (D) speak using grade-level content area vocabulary in context to internalize new English words and build academic language proficiency; (E) share information in cooperative learning interactions.
2.2 Scientific investigation and reasoning. The student develops abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry in classroom and outdoor investigations. The student is expected to: (A) ask questions about organisms, objects, and events during observations and investigations; (D) record and organize data using pictures, numbers, and words; (E) communicate observations and justify explanations using student-generated data from simple descriptive investigations; and (F) compare results of investigations with what students and scientists know about the world.
2.10 Organisms and environments. The student knows that organisms resemble their parents and have structures and processes that help them survive within their environments. The student is expected to: (C) investigate and record some of the unique stages that insects such as grasshoppers and butterflies undergo during their life cycle.


Our juicy strawberries are harvested from very early morning and put to the cold store to stay fresh and tasty. Great, tried varieties is our key to success.
In our farm, we highly value natural pollination with bumblebees to the fruits, improving their quality and quantity. Green solutions are more and more appreciated by customers.
Zero herbicides policy!
We use only natural biological control against most diseases and pests. Ask your current suppliers about it, very likely they are not able to cope with such rules.
Our farm is granted by a GLOBALGAP Certificate which guarantees safe food production, including by minimizing the use of fertilizers and plant protection products.
To assure high standards our farm is under continuous surveillance of Main Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection.
Our entire production is grown exclusively in the greenhouses, so we have 100% control over the quality. We are truly proud of our strawberries.
Do you have questions? Contact us now!