{"url": "http://spark-bearing.com/article/20171130154616.html", "date": "2018-02-20T07:32:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812913.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220070423-20180220090423-00133.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8945744037628174, "token_count": 194, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__166425277", "lang": "en", "text": "Tapered roller bearings are generally used to support combined load mainly consisting of radial load. The bearing capacity depends on the angle of outer ring raceway, the larger the Angle, the greater the carrying capacity. Their cups are separable and easy to assembly. According to the columns of the rolling body, it can be divided into single row , double row, and four-row tapered roller bearing.\nTapered roller bearings has cone inner ring and outer ring raceway, the tapered roller is installed in between. The projection lines of all the tapered surfaces meet at a common point on the bearing axis, this design makes tapered roller bearings suitable for undertake composite load. The axial load capacity of the bearing is largely determined by the contact Angle, the greater the Angle, the higher the axial load capacity.\nTapered roller bearings are widely used in automobile, rolling mill, mining, metallurgy, plastic machinery and other industries.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.brcbeads.com/collections/jade/home-garden", "date": "2021-02-26T19:24:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178357935.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210226175238-20210226205238-00385.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8252806663513184, "token_count": 127, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__175791612", "lang": "en", "text": "Nephrite consists of a microcrystalline interlocking fibrous matrix of the calcium, magnesium-iron rich amphibole mineral series tremolite (calcium-magnesium)-ferroactinolite (calcium-magnesium-iron). The middle member of this series with an intermediate composition is called actinolite (the silky fibrous mineral form is one form of asbestos). The higher the iron content, the greener the colour.\nJadeite is a sodium- and aluminium-rich pyroxene. The gem form of the mineral is a microcrystalline interlocking crystal matrix.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.soopart.ca/product/steel-disc-cdc-449/", "date": "2024-02-29T21:31:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474853.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229202522-20240229232522-00101.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.878368616104126, "token_count": 951, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__70884882", "lang": "en", "text": "Title: Understanding Steel Disc CDC-449: Causes of Failure and Related Keywords\nSteel discs are critical components used in various applications, including automotive clutches, brakes, and industrial machinery. The Steel Disc CDC-449 serves as a specific steel disc designed for certain applications. However, steel discs can experience failure over time due to various factors. In this comprehensive article, we will explore the potential reasons for steel disc failure, delve into related keywords, and provide detailed explanations.\n1. Causes of Failure:\n1.1 Wear and Tear: Continuous use and friction between the steel disc and mating surfaces can cause wear over time. Factors such as high loads, temperature fluctuations, or abrasive contaminants can lead to material degradation, loss of thickness, or surface damage, resulting in reduced performance or steel disc failure.\n1.2 Overheating: Excessive heat generated during operation can cause the steel disc to undergo thermal stress and deformation. Overheating can lead to warping, loss of flatness, or reduced structural integrity of the disc, compromising its performance and reliability.\n1.3 Excessive Load: Subjecting the steel disc to loads beyond its specified capacity can cause failure. Excessive load can result in permanent deformation, cracking, or structural failure of the disc, leading to compromised functionality or complete failure.\n1.4 Corrosion: Exposure to corrosive environments or inadequate corrosion protection can lead to corrosion of the steel disc. Corrosion can result in pitting, rust formation, or surface irregularities, weakening the disc’s structural integrity and reducing its overall performance.\n2. Related Keywords:\n2.1 Steel Disc Replacement: This keyword encompasses various topics related to the inspection, replacement, and proper installation techniques for steel discs, including compatibility considerations, dimension specifications, and troubleshooting steps.\n2.2 Disc Brake System: Keywords related to disc brake systems highlight the importance of proper maintenance, including brake pad replacement, rotor resurfacing, and caliper inspection, to ensure optimal performance and prevent steel disc failure.\n2.3 Load Capacity: Keywords related to load capacity address the significance of adhering to the specified load limits for steel discs to prevent structural failure and ensure safe operation.\n2.4 Corrosion Protection: Keywords related to corrosion protection emphasize the importance of using appropriate coatings, surface treatments, or environmental controls to prevent corrosion and extend the lifespan of steel discs.\n3. Further Explanations:\nRegular inspection and maintenance of steel discs, including the CDC-449, are crucial to detect signs of wear, deformation, or corrosion. Monitoring for abnormal noise, reduced braking performance, or visual irregularities can help identify potential steel disc failure.\nProper installation techniques, including following manufacturer guidelines, ensuring correct mating surfaces, and using proper torquing procedures, are essential for reliable and safe operation of the steel disc.\nApplying suitable protective measures, such as corrosion-resistant coatings, proper cleaning procedures, and avoiding exposure to corrosive environments, can help mitigate the risk of corrosion-related failure and extend the life of the steel disc.\nEnsuring the steel disc operates within the specified load limits and avoiding excessive loads or sudden impacts will help prevent structural failure and maintain optimal performance.\nThe Steel Disc CDC-449 serves as a critical component in various applications, including clutches and brakes. Understanding the potential causes of steel disc failure, along with related keywords and explanations, is essential for users and technicians. Regular maintenance, proper installation techniques, load capacity considerations, and corrosion protection are crucial for ensuring the effectiveness and longevity of the CDC-449 steel disc. By following these best practices, users can optimize the performance, reliability, and safety of their applications, minimizing the risk of steel disc failure and ensuring efficient operation.\nSOOPART NO. : 752449\nG900 Models, L90E, L110E, L120E, L150E, L180E\nMARINE & INDUSTRY:\nReference Number :\nSTEEL DISC CDC-449\nCompetitive price and high-quality parts, meets our customers needs. We are proud of the quality of offered parts.\nWe offer Volvo Truck, Volvo Bus, Volvo Construction and Volvo Penta (Generator) parts also Scania Truck and Bus spare parts in Canada and to our customers in Middle East.\nYou can find a good variety of complex parts, such as the steering system, hydraulic equipment and driveshaft, engine parts, gearbox and engine gears, electronic parts and sensors for heavy duty needs in our list.\nBeing in business for more than a quarter of a century means that we succeed.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://homesforsalemarcoisland.com/seawall-material/", "date": "2018-11-14T19:41:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742263.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20181114191308-20181114213308-00106.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.932198166847229, "token_count": 442, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__185051819", "lang": "en", "text": "A \"riveting\" look at seawall materials!\nWhen it comes to owning and protecting a waterfront home, the seawall is an important part of your property. A seawall performs two major functions: physically protecting your property from losing land mass to erosion from a water front, and also designating the boundary of your private property.\nIf you are deciding between seawall materials, here is some helpful information! Bear in mind that it is common to combine different types of seawall materials to suit your individual needs (like a vinyl seawall covering concrete, or a rip rap seawall covering vinyl).\nConcrete seawalls have been the industry standard. Their expected lifespan is thirty years. Often they may exceed their lifespan. The important factor in a concrete seawall’s lifespan is the strength of the reinforcing steel, which must be protected from the corrosive water. The reinforcing steel is typically protected by a concrete cover. Concrete seawalls will require ongoing maintenance, usually repairs to cracks and holes in the concrete cover to prevent corrosion of the reinforcing steel. These damages occur naturally from exposure to marine conditions.\nVinyl seawalls have a greater life expectancy than concrete, lasting up to fifty years. It could also be considered more aesthetically pleasing – from color choice, to the fact that vinyl seawalls will not corrode, rust, crack, or rot from sea water. Vinyl may be installed in front of an old concrete seawall. The installation process is also generally less invasive and time-consuming, as vinyl weighs less than concrete and doesn’t require the same heavy equipment to install. Vinyl does have height limitations, and may not be driven into certain hard surfaces.\nA rip rap seawall is one composed of rocks, stones, and other material arranged along the wall, giving protection from corrosion while also delivering a beautiful and natural look. The rip rap absorbs waves coming toward your property, dissipating the wave’s energy and protecting your seawall from erosion. It will also provide a habitat for marine life, allowing plants and animals to thrive right in your backyard. Rip rap is fairly simple to maintain and repair, although it requires annual examination to ensure stability.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://physics.shu.edu.cn/info/1082/1641.htm", "date": "2022-08-09T20:39:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571086.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809185452-20220809215452-00529.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7238383889198303, "token_count": 328, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__178046087", "lang": "en", "text": "Yi Zhang, Kun Jiang*, Fuchun Zhang, Jian Wang, and Ziqiang Wang*. Atomic line defects and topological superconductivity in unconventional superconductors. Phys. Rev. X 11, 011041 (2021).\n Yi Zhang, Kun Jiang, Ziqiang Wang, and Fuchun Zhang*. Correlated insulating phases of twisted bilayer graphene at commensurate filling fractions: A Hartree-Fock study. Phys. Rev. B 102, 035136 (2020).\n Yi Zhang*, Hanna Terletska, Ka-Ming Tam, Yang Wang, Markus Eisenbach, Liviu Chioncel, and Mark Jarrell. Locally self-consistent embedding approach for disordered electronic systems. Phys. Rev. B 100, 054205 (2019).\n Yi Zhang, R. Nelson, K.-M. Tam, W. Ku, U. Yu, N. S. Vidhyadhiraja, H. Terletska, J. Moreno, M. Jarrell, and T. Berlijn*. Origin of localization in Ti-doped Si. Phys. Rev. B 98, 174204 (2018).\n Yi Zhang*, Y. F. Zhang, S. X. Yang, K.-M. Tam, N. S. Vidhyadhiraja, and M. Jarrell. Calculation of two-particle quantities in the typical medium dynamical cluster approximation. Phys. Rev. B 95, 144208 (2017).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.thermaltechexpo.com/information", "date": "2022-01-24T12:09:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304528.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220124094120-20220124124120-00152.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8351626992225647, "token_count": 192, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__97722870", "lang": "en", "text": "MAKE AN ENQUIRY\nYour free registration will give you an all-access pass to not only Thermal Technologies Expo but also to Ceramics Expo, North America’s leading event for the technical ceramic supply chain. Ceramics Expo brings together 3,000 attendees and 220+ leading suppliers & manufacturers spanning every key end-user sector including aerospace, defense, automotive, energy and medical.\nSmarter Shows (Tarsus) Ltd. is an international exhibitions and conferences organizer focusing on technical events for the manufacturing and engineering sectors. Smarter Shows’ portfolio of events includes Space Tech Expo USA, Space Tech Expo Europe, Ceramics Expo, Foam Expo, Foam Expo Europe, Foam Expo China, Adhesives & Bonding Expo and Adhesives & Bonding Expo Europe.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://unitedadvisersgroup.com/revolutionising-construction-iforms-sustainable-journey-and-the-opportunity-for-impact-investing/", "date": "2024-04-16T13:03:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817095.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416124708-20240416154708-00194.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9273132681846619, "token_count": 678, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__198948923", "lang": "en", "text": "The iForm Difference: Pioneering Composite Building Technology\nAt the forefront of the UK’s composite building industry, iForm has distinguished itself through its revolutionary composite panel technology. Conceived by iForm Chairman Mr. Michael Holmes in 1986, this technology was born out of a vision to create a building material that seamlessly combined structural strength with lightweight, insulated properties. The result? Portable and modular buildings that defy industry norms.\nBuilt for Exceptional Quality and Sustainability\niForm’s commitment to quality is embedded in its DNA. As the leading composite building supplier in the UK, the company’s ISO9001 Quality certification and Government VCA Approval underscore its unwavering dedication to excellence. Every aspect of construction, from the senior leadership to on-site contractors, is driven by an obsession with quality and meticulous attention to detail.\nEnvironmental Stewardship: Turning Bottles into Buildings\nOne of iForm’s standout features is its commitment to sustainability. The company produces its composite panels from an astounding 99% recycled plastic, making it the most sustainable building material of its kind. This innovative approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also positions iForm as a trailblazer in the sustainable construction space.\nGlobal Impact: Solving Housing Crises through Innovation\niForm’s impact extends beyond its innovative engineering. With over 35 years of experience and a diverse portfolio of structures crafted from 99% recycled plastic bottles, iForm is contributing to the resolution of global housing and building crises. Backed by Government, Corporate, and Export contracts, the company is now poised for substantial growth to meet escalating demand.\niForm’s Path to Growth: Impact Investing Opportunity\nAs iForm scales up to meet global demand, United Advisers recognizes a unique opportunity for impact investing. The company’s growth trajectory is supported by contracts from the UK Government, Corporate partnerships, and international demand. Notably, iForm is set to construct a manufacturing plant that will revolutionize recycling by turning Corporate partners’ plastic waste into sustainable buildings, creating hundreds of job opportunities in the process.\nJustin MacRae’s Perspective: A Testament to iForm’s Impact\nJustin MacRae, Fund Manager at Fortunis Venture Capital Evolved, expresses excitement about iForm joining the Impact Fund. He says: “‘Whether you look along the coastline of the UK, or at Educational Facilities and even further afield, you can see iForm’s presence by way of its buildings that continually serve a purpose all year and come with over a 200-year guarantee.” MacRae looks forward to funding the construction of iForm’s innovative manufacturing plant, which aligns with the vision of recycling plastic waste into sustainable structures while fostering job creation.\nIn conclusion, iForm’s journey is not just a narrative of sustainable construction; it’s a testament to the transformative power of impact investing. As the company continues to redefine the industry, the opportunity for investors to be a part of iForm’s sustainable legacy is both compelling and forward-thinking.\nThis communication is not intended to constitute, and should not be construed as, investment advice, investment recommendations or investment research. You should seek advice from a professional adviser before embarking on any financial planning activity.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://stitch36.com/products/flower-clip-1", "date": "2023-10-05T02:31:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511717.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231005012006-20231005042006-00639.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8721192479133606, "token_count": 155, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__189731741", "lang": "en", "text": "From the maker of Little Cheeks:\nI am in love with our new FLOWER pacifier clips!\nThese pacifier clips come with a stainless steel clip, helping to keep your baby's pacifier in place. Although the clips are safe, they are not intended to be chewed.\n- Beads are made from 100% food grade silicone\n- Non-toxic (no BPA, lead, PVC, phthalates)\n- Stainless steel clip\n- Nylon cord\n- Wood safety bead\n- US Safety Standards - ASTM F963-17\n- Canadian Safety Standards - CCPSA - SOR/2011-17", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.altur.ws/motorbike-care/cleaning/engine-care/motomek", "date": "2019-06-19T18:42:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999040.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619184037-20190619210037-00048.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8504734635353088, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__119166794", "lang": "en", "text": "Concentrated degreasing detergent for motorbikes and scooters. Specific for engines, mechanical parts, forks, chassis, wheels degreasing and over all mechanical parts like exhausts, crowns, bolts, chains etc.\nIdeal for cleaning mechanical parts in ultrasonic washing machines.\nWay of use: cool down the surface before nebulizing the product, if you do it using water, turn up the product concentration to keep the cleaning action.\nLow pressure sprayer application: dilute 1:5 to 1:10 with water, spray over the surface, wait about 1 minute, then rinse with high pressure water jet.\nUltrasonic parts washer: dilute 8-10% in water, use a maximum temperature of 45°C, rinse with water after cleaning.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://crenovo.com/pv23.html", "date": "2019-02-21T13:37:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247504790.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221132217-20190221154217-00309.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.745875358581543, "token_count": 419, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__208650998", "lang": "en", "text": "Known as carbazole violet, Pigment Violet 23 is a dioxazine pigment of blue tone. Novoprime Pigment Violet 23 is of good chroma, high coloring strength and extraordinary heat and light resistance, serving industries require high performance violet, like automotive and decorative coatings, gravure and water flexo inks, plastics and textile printing.Pigment Violet 23 is Crenovo's core product. With a sophisticated factory of 1,000 MT/year's capacity, Crenovo produces PV23 from crude to pigment, from ball milling to kneading, presents 9 segmented types meeting critical requirements of different industries.\nPigmented with ball mill, optimized for water system.\n|RL||standard type for waterborne system, reddish and high chroma.||TDS|\n|BL||bluish type for waterborne system.||TDS|\n|RLN||optimized type for water based ink, reddish, easy dispersible, water stable.||TDS|\n|RLX||specialized type for textile printing,Reddish, clear shade, high strength.||TDS|\n|RLS||standard type for solvent system, reddish, good rheology.||TDS|\n|BLS||bluish type for solvent system, good rheology.||TDS|\n|RLS-2R||extra-reddish type for solvent system.||TDS|\n|RLS-G||specialized type for solvent based gravure ink, reddish, better rheology and stability.||TDS|\n|BLS-G||specialized type for solvent based gravure ink, bluish, better rheology and stability.||TDS|\nLow FPV, easy dispersible in plastics.\n|RLP||specialized type for plastics, reddish, easy dispersible.||TDS|\n|BLP||specialized type for plastics, bluish, easy dispersible.||TDS|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.cuatrorayas.es/blog/en/tag/sugarcane/", "date": "2020-09-19T15:44:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400192778.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20200919142021-20200919172021-00024.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.946439802646637, "token_count": 276, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__61833623", "lang": "en", "text": "We have already talked about the closure of the bottle, about the process that surrounds\nit, and, especially, about the materials used. Along with cork, synthetic and natural\nstoppers, now a new addition closures the range of Cuatro Rayas’ wines. We are talking\nabout a cork made from polymers derived from sugar cane.\nThe new kind of cork provides a high-quality closure, although its main advantage has\nto do with the control of oxygen ingress in the bottle. In addition to the oxygen control,\nanother particular feature is that it is the world’s first virtually zero carbon footprint\nclosure for fine wines.\nAnother of the advantages is that this kind of closure doesn’t provide flaws to the wine.\nFurthermore, it has an excellent mechanical action in the closure, in other words, it\ncorks perfectly and keeps good closure conditions, at the very least, for five years. It is\ncertainly a great innovation in the wine sector that, in this case, benefits from a\nvegetable raw material such wonderful as the sugar cane. Environment-friendly,\nsustainable, easy-to- uncork and provides all guarantees for wine preservation. These are\nthe new stoppers that seal the wines of Cuatro Rayas Winery. Could we ask for more?", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.nekosphere.com/IndustryDetail?id=7050&i_type=2&dt_release_time=2023/4/28%2013:44:13", "date": "2023-06-02T04:54:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648322.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602040003-20230602070003-00620.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9252059459686279, "token_count": 961, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__170963134", "lang": "en", "text": "Global refractories market set to ignite, and to blaze a trail to $35 bn by 2028\nRelease Time：2023-04-28??Browsing Volume：100?\nApr. 27, 2023 - Driven by the strong mechanical strength, and growing demand from the iron and steel industry the global refractories market is forecasted to cross US$ 35 bn by 2028, according a recent research study.\nRefractory materials are non-metallic minerals possessing chemical and physical properties. It is resistant to decomposition by heat, pressure, or chemical attacks and retains its strength and form. Refractories are more heat resistant than metals and are used to line the hot surfaces inside industrial processes.\nThere are 5 key insights on this high opportunity market being shared by the latest research study.\n1. The Soaring Infrastructure Development and Growing Steel Industry Augmenting the Demand Refractories\nThe Global Refractories Market is expected to witness positive growth during the forecast period, owing to its strong mechanical strength and its resistive property of decomposition by heat, pressure, or chemical attacks. According to the study estimates, the Global Refractories Market is estimated to be about US$ 25 Bn by 2022 and is expected to grow further to more than US$ 35 billion opportunity by 2028, witnessing growth at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period 2022- 2028. Asia- Pacific is the most dominating region in the global refractories market. As the refractories market has no alternative and has wide applications, therefore it holds a minimum threat to be replaced by any substitute in the near future. According to the World Refractories Association, one ton of steel requires approximately 10-15 kg of refractories to line the furnace in which it is produced. Without the protective material property of refractories, the furnace could not contain the molten steel.\n2. Iron and Steel Surge in Automotive Sector Drives the Market Growth; High Demand for Refractories Observed\nThe demand for refractories is increasing due to an increase in demand for various industries like the automotive industry, energy and chemical industry, and others. The rise in demand for iron and steel in the automotive industry due to the surge in EVs is adding to the growth of the refractories market. Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’ Automobile (OCIA), in 2021 quoted approx. 80.15 million vehicles were produced around the world, witnessing a growth rate of 3% compared to approx. 77 million vehicles in 2020, thereby enhancing the consumption of refractories for the manufacturing of vehicle body parts.\n3. Overdependence on the Iron and Steel Industry, Companies Face Limited Opportunities in Market Expansion\nThe over-dependence of the refractories market on the iron and steel industry is a major challenge for the refractory market. The lining of a reactor, transport vessel or kiln uses a wide range of refractory products including bricks, monolithic, and high-temperature insulation wool. Refractories provide mechanical strength, protection against corrosion, and thermal insulation. According to World Refractories Association, 70% of the refractories are sold to the steel industry and the rest 30% of the share is covered by other end users like power generation, cement, glass, petrochemical, chemical, and paper & pulp. Thus, the downfall of the iron & steel industry would lead to a decline in the refractories market, restraining the market to grow.\n4. A Significant Market Share held by the Brick and Shaped Segment, Also Likely to Showcase High Growth\nThe Refractories market is anticipated to be dominated by the brick and shaped segment during the forecasted period. The shaped bricks are specially made for particular kilns and furnaces and are generally machine-pressed. Furthermore, owing to its high use in metal and non-metal industries, the brick and shaped segment is likely to hold a significant market share. For instance, according to China’s Five-Year Plan unveiled in January 2022, the construction industry is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6% in 2022, hence indicating more production of steel leading to the growth of brick and shaped segment.\n5. Asia Pacific Recognized as Largest Regional Market, Manufacturing and Industrialization Chipping in Aggressively\nAsia Pacific is expected to dominate the Global Refractories Market during the forecast period. In Asia Pacific region, China is the largest economy having a large number of manufacturing and production industries in the world. As China possesses local availability of raw materials it dominates the refractories market in terms of consumption and production.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.okacc.com/what-is-the-lithium-ion-battery/", "date": "2022-08-08T01:27:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00120.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9191328883171082, "token_count": 332, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__171186160", "lang": "en", "text": "Lithium-ion battery (sometimes Li-ion battery or LIB) is a member of a family of rechargeable battery types in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge, and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as the electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in the non-rechargeable lithium battery.\nLithium-ion batteries are common in consumer electronics. They are one of the most popular types of rechargeable batteries for portable electronics, with one of the best energy densities, no memory effect, and only a slow loss of charge when not in use. Beyond consumer electronics, LIBs are also growing in popularity for a military, electric vehicle, and aerospace applications. Research is yielding a stream of improvements to traditional LIB technology, focusing on energy density, durability, cost, and intrinsic safety.\nChemistry, performance, cost and safety characteristics vary across LIB types. Handheld electronics mostly use LIBs based on lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO2), which offers high energy density, but have well-known safety concerns, especially when damaged. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) offer lower energy density, but longer lives and inherent safety. These chemistries are being widely used for electric tools, medical equipment, and other roles. NMC in particular is a leading contender for automotive applications. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and lithium titanate (LTO) are specialty designs aimed at particular niche roles.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ide-e.com/pla-crystallization-and-drying-in-minutes-instead-of-hours/", "date": "2021-10-19T04:53:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585242.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019043325-20211019073325-00548.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.926886260509491, "token_count": 587, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__224304409", "lang": "en", "text": "PLA crystallization and drying in minutes instead of hourside\nPolylactide (PLA) continues to enjoy increasing popularity. A particular challenge in processing is crystallization and drying. Because PLA is a hygroscopic thermoplastic, it readily absorbs moisture from the atmosphere. The presence of even small amounts of moisture hydrolyzes the biopolymer in the melt phase and reduces the molecular weight. As a result, the mechanical properties of PLA decrease and the quality of the final product is compromised. Therefore, PLA must be thoroughly dried directly before melt-processing. In many cases, recycled polymer must also be crystallized before drying.\nWith its infrared rotary drum (IRD), KREYENBORG offers a fast, energy-saving and product-friendly solution. Feed material is first introduced into the rotary drum by a volumetric dosing system. High-level heat is then quickly and directly introduced into the core of the material by means of infrared light. This energy thus heats the material from the inside and drives the moisture out through heat flow from the inside out. The air, laden with moisture, is discharged by a constant flow of air from within the drum.\nA continuously moving spiral welded into the rotary drum ensures a homogeneous mass-flow with a defined residence time (first-in/first-out principle). The mixing elements integrated in the spirals, as well as the rotation, ensure continuous mixing of the feed material. In the process, the material at the surface is constantly exchanged. These continuous rotary movements prevent the product from blocking and clumping. With these advantages, drying times of only 15 minutes can be achieved.\nIn conventional hot air dryers, the previously crystallized PLA can be dried at only 65-90 °C (150-190 °F) using dehumidified air. Here, higher drying temperatures could lead to softening and blocking of the polymer in the dryer. Typically, this results in drying times of between 2 and 8 hours, while lower drying temperatures result in even longer drying times. The energy input necessary for these conventional processes is sometimes considerable.\nGenerally, PLA must be dried to a moisture level of < 250 ppm and maintained at this level to minimize hydrolysis during melt processing. Achieving and maintaining these kinds of levels is not optional, but is an absolute necessity, and is feasible using KREYENBORG’s infrared rotary drum. A dry granule helps control relative viscosity (RV) loss, which should be less than 0.1. Controlling RV loss is critical to maintaining impact resistance, melt-viscosity and other important properties of the feedstock.\nKREYENBORG invites customers who want to see the performance of the machinery in action to participate in pilot plant trials, which now can even be conducted online!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.sacnu.com/the-fabrics", "date": "2023-12-09T00:59:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100781.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209004202-20231209034202-00835.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9245268702507019, "token_count": 1666, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__102716612", "lang": "en", "text": "(With thanks to Elmarie Robson from Mini Matters for the information provided below)\nModern cloth nappies are made of various types of fabrics. The outer is normally a waterproof or water repellent fabric and the inside has the fabric that absorbs.\nWaterproof vs Water repellent\nThe two types of waterproof fabrics used in modern cloth nappies are PUL and Waterproof Softshell. The part that makes them waterproof is the same – a breathable polyurethane (PU) film.\nPUL (Polyurethane Laminate Fabric) - waterproof\nThese fabrics consist of a breathable polyurethane (PU) film that is permanently bonded to a base fabric (usually polyester when used in cloth nappies).\nThere are 2 ways that PUL fabric is manufactured:\nChemical bonding – this method uses a chemical process to attach the PU film to the base fabric. This method is considered old fashioned because it is not environmentally friendly. It is still used in the medical industry as it can withstand the high temperatures needed for autoclaving.\nThermal bonding – also known as TPU, uses a hot melt process to create a permanent bond. This is what most cloth nappy retailers would use in their PUL nappies. It’s pliable and soft so works very well for cloth nappies. It’s also environmentally friendly as the production process does not emit any toxic waste or VOCs (volatile organic compounds).\nWaterproof Softshell Fabric\nThis is a type of PUL fabric. The waterproof PU layer is sandwiched between two layers of fabric, so it is not exposed. Usually, it would be 100% polyester + polyurethane + microfleece. So, it’s a 3-layer fabric instead of 2-layers like regular PUL. This makes it thicker and slightly less breathable than regular PUL, however some prefer it for the soft, fleecy inner layer.\nBenefits to using cloth nappies with a waterproof PU layer are:\nIt’s soft and breathable, a very comfortable fabric.\nRegular 2-layer PUL is thin and trim.\nIt offers very good waterproof protection.\nDurable and long lasting provided it is not repeatedly exposed to high temperatures or direct sun.\nPotential drawbacks to using nappies with a waterproof PU layer are:\nIt is synthetic (man made) and some babies may have a sensitivity to synthetic materials.\nNot as breathable as other all natural fiber alternatives like wool and fleece (but more breathable than disposable nappies).\nIt may deteriorate more easily if not well looked after.\nThe three types of water repellent/resistant fabrics are Polyester Fleece, Water Resistant Softshell and Lanolised Wool\nPolyester Fleece (Water resistant)\nMicrofleece lets moisture through and is good for a stay-dry lining inside a pocket nappy or for re-usable liners. Polar fleece repels water and is good for use as a water repellent nappy cover.\nLanolised Wool (Water resistant)\nWool covers (soakers) can be used as covers for overnight use too. One needs to lanolise them using lanolin (sheep wool fat). Wool soakers are normally knitted or crocheted using 100% pure merino wool. No buts. 100% pure merino wool. Sheep’s wool, which will make high quality soakers.\nWater Resistant Softshell fleece\nWorks in a similar way to polar fleece by repelling water. This type of softshell fabric does not have a waterproof layer inside and usually consists of two layers; 100% polyester + microfleece that are bonded together.\nWater repellent/resistant fabrics are great for overnight use for babies who tend to need a little bit more breathability for overnight use\nOne of the aspects that sets nappy types apart are the layers used for absorbancy. Options are synthetic fabrics and/or natural fibres. An example of a synthetic fabric is microfibre (polyester). Natural fibre examples are cotton, hemp, bamboo or a mixture of them.\nMicrofibre needs pressure to absorb and it absorbs fast. A con is that it could lead to compression leaks. Microfibre inserts are similar to sponges. You press a wet sponge, the liquids will run out. Keep in mind that Microfibre can never go directly against baby's skin (it absorbs too fast and could dry out your baby's skin). Always use them inside a pocket or cover it with a liner to protect baby's skin. Microfibre inserts dry quickly. The pocket lining (microsuede (polyester)) of pocket nappies are also a synthetic fabric but has a stay dry feel for baby.\nNatural fibres contain liquids well and are trim options for inserts. Natural fibres can go against baby's skin. Note that baby can feel wetness with natural fibres (it doesn't have a stay-dry feel). For most babies this is not a problem at all, natural fibres can feel a lot more comfortable than synthetic fibres. Natural fibres are recommended for overnight use because it contains liquids better than microfibre. Natural fibres tend to become hard when dried in the sun. A quick rub between your hands will soften them. You could also throw them into your tumble drier for ten minutes to soften them.\nCotton is a natural fibre that stays soft. It is easily available and one of the most affordable options when it comes to natural fibres. Its durability is also an advantage since it’s not particularly sensitive to different PH levels in the case of a baby with acidic urine.\nBamboo is a natural fibre that is very trim. It is considered a relatively delicate fabric and is often blended with cotton or polyester to help strengthen it. Bamboo fabric comes in varying qualities and weights. The advantage of bamboo fabric is its ability to absorb very fast and its softness (this can vary depending on the quality and blend).\nHemp has an excellent trimness vs absorbent ratio, so it can hold a lot of moisture for it's trimness, hence being especially popular for night time cloth. Hemp do tend to get stiff when line dried therefore requires you to rub or tumble dry them to soften up. Hemp absorbs slower than other fabrics. That’s why some pocket nappies have 1 microfibre and 1 hemp insert. A great combination – microfibre that absorbs fast, paired with hemp that absorbs slowly but contains liquids well. So the hemp inserts catches the “overflow” from the microfibre insert. Hemp/cotton blend inserts work excellent for this reason as well, the cotton will absorb quickly and the hemp will hold on to the moisture\nIt is overwhelming to choose which types of fabric to use. At first, you will need to establish whether your little one is sensitive to any of the fabrics used (This is rare). Keep in mind though that some babies might develop a sensitivity at a later stage, a previous sensitivity can also disappear as baby gets older. They like to keep us on our toes, don’t they? Sensitivities are easily and cheaply handled by using liners (stay-dry if baby reacts to wetness or cotton if baby reacts to synthetic fabrics in a cloth nappy).\nThe above fabrics are a guideline for the qualities you would generally find in fabric stores, however the absorbency is not always determined by the type of fabric but rather its weight. Weight of fabric is stated in GSM (grams per square meter). Most fabric stores unfortunately do not state the weights on their fabrics, while more specialised fabric retailers will be able to give you the specs. For making flats, aim for a natural fibre fabric that is at least 220gsm in weight. The heavier the weight, the more absorbent (but also thicker), it will be.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.linkjoin.com/English/Sys/Products/Site_PageTplSee.asp?PkValue=%7B7764B1E3-F448-4DC6-8755-6BA00A5F9B7F%7D&SiteName=Linkjoin&MenuName=Model+MATS-2010H+Hysteresisgraph", "date": "2023-04-02T04:57:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950383.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230402043600-20230402073600-00027.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8094654679298401, "token_count": 435, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__248190680", "lang": "en", "text": "·Automatic measurement on saturation hysteresis loop and magnetic characteristic parameters of generally permanent-magnet material such as Ferrite, Rubber & Plastic Magnet and AlNiCo, Js, Br, HcB, HcJ, (BH)max and μrec.\n·Automatic measurement on demagnetization curve and magnetic characteristic parameters of rare earth permanent-magnet materials such as NdFeB and SmCo, etc. At the second quadrant: Br, HcB, HcJ, Hk (H90) and (BH)max.\n·Test sample shapes: toroid, round cake, square, tile and other irregular shapes.\n·Adopt B coil + fluxmeter to measure magnetic induction, zero shift of integrator can be self-corrected through software.\n·Adopt J coil + fluxmeter to measure magnetical polarization, remnant coil area of J coil can be automatically compensated through software.\n·Magnetic field intensity can be measured with Hall magnetometer, nonlinear error of hall probe can be corrected through software, within 0 ~ 2.4 T range, nonlinear error can be controlled within ±0.2%.\n·Adopt H coil + fluxmeter to measure magnetic field intensity, Hall magnetometer only used to indicate zero point of magnetic field so as to thoroughly eliminate nonlinear error of hall probe.\n·Optimal range of field voltage, fluxmeter and magnetometer can be automatically set up.\n·Magnetization, testing and demagnetization of general permanent magnetic sample can be completed at one time, time set up 20 seconds ~ 60 seconds.\n·Rare earth permanent magnetic samples need saturation magnetizing before testing, testing time 60 seconds ~ 120 seconds.\n·The sample after testing can be in a state of demagnetization or magnetizing, freely selected buy users.\n·Select heating head and temperature controller to detect magnetic characteristics of Ferrite, AlNiCo and rare earth material under high temperature (maximam 220°C).\n·Select shoe jig for direct measurement on magnetic shoe.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.dedekoca.com/2015/02/23/euro-pallets-really-know/", "date": "2019-05-20T21:52:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256147.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20190520202108-20190520224108-00030.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8839420676231384, "token_count": 556, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__114366664", "lang": "en", "text": "Euro pallets (Do we really know them?)\nEverything about Euro pallets (EPAL)\nAccording to the regulations of the:\nUnion Internationale de Chemin de fer PARIS\nCode 435 – 2\n( DIN 15146 )\nThe measurement 800 mm x 1200 mm is based on the internationally standardized packaging module 400 mm x 600 mm. The building tolerances respect the natural features of wood (e.g. becoming smaller when getting dry). The net weight of a Europallet is 30 kg (depending on kind of wood and moisture)\nThe EURO-Pallet is made for following weights when being stored in racks or on the fork of a forklift-truck:\n1000 kg (rated weight), when the weight is spread over the pallet.\n1500 kg, when the weight is spread over the pallet evenly.\n2000 kg, when the weight is spread in a compact way over the total pallet completely.\nOn stacks the additional weight of the lowest pallet is:\nmax. 4000 kg, when it is placed on an even, horizontal and fix surface and the weight is spread horizontally over the total pallet.\nThe wood has to be free from any preservers.\nFollowing defects are not allowed:\nrottenness (mould, sponge, dry rottenness) , active insect attacks.\nThe wood moisture may not be more than 22% of the weight of the dry wood (kiln weight).\nIn case of less wood moisture other percentages are valid.\nWhen using oak-wood tree-edges are not allowed. In case of other wood tree-edges on two edges are allowed under certain circumstances. Tree-edges are not allowed for cross boards, middle bottom boards and on outside edges of the Deckrand- and bottom edge boards.\nBranches up to 10 mm diameter cannot be used. Strongly grown branches can be used; strongly grown means if branches are grown fix at minimum on 3/4 of their girth on one side.\nAll boards have to exist out of one piece.\nOn the loading- and bottomsurface of the pallet the boards have to be rough (not planed).\nBlocks of wood:\nThe grains of the blocks, except the blocks 145 mm x 145 mm, have to run parallel according to the longitudinal axis.\nThe blocks may consist of:\n– one piece of wood\n– wood shave material (forming shave block)\nThe upper edges of the bottom boards and the four edges of the pallets need to have diagonal edges.\nWhen using blocks of wood shaves material the inner edges of the ground boards do not have to be adjusted to the diagonal edges of the blocks.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://biocoreopen.org/ijnme/Afghanistan-Traditional-Lime%20Plaster.php", "date": "2019-05-25T08:06:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257920.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20190525064654-20190525090654-00097.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9404352307319641, "token_count": 1036, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__53681718", "lang": "en", "text": "Afghanistan has its own tradition in architecture, construction and construction materials. In traditional construction material s, lime, gypsum, ash and other local materials have been used vastly. Though these days manufactured and imported building materials are commonly used in the construction industry, lime is one of the traditional building materials which has been used for many centuries in Afghanistan. It has been used in building foundation, wet areas in ordinary plaster and decorative plaster works throughout the country. Remains of lime used in building could be found not only in historical buildings but also in common buildings in all parts of the country especially in the old cities of Herat, Ghazni and Kabul.\nIn Kabul when Turquoise Mountain Foundation (TMF) was working in Murad khani Area (Part of the old Kabul city) they discovered application of lime as a main building material which was used in the Hamams (Traditional Bathhouse), room floors, under foundations and as final wall plaster on the external walls of courtyards.\nLime used as final finish layer on external walls has unique characteristics; it is used on the external walls with a thickness of less than 10mm, has a white color, metallic break sound, sufficient compressive strength, water resistant properties and high durability properties.\nSamples from more than 150 years found in Murad Khani’s Great Serai still looked new with sufficient strength.\nKeywords: Hydrated Lime , Lime Render,Egg White , Stone Powder, Badagal(Gul-e-Lukh) and Water\nIngredients of White Color Tradition Wall Render\nThe plaster materials are composed of hydrated Lime, egg white, stone powder and a local bush fiber called “Gul-e-Lukh” or Badagal”. The lime needs to be kept in water for at least 4-months and the older works the best.\nPlaster Mix Preparation Methodology\nWhen received from the wet storage pond, the lime is beaten sufficiently until all hard and solid particles are dissolved and the lime is turned into a paste. Then the egg white, stone powder and the gul-e-lukh are added slowly while continuously mixed. The mixing ratio of materials as rediscovered (after months of hard working, sampling and repeated testing, by Engineer Rahmatullah Oryakhel and the skilled laborers who worked with him on the Great Serai) was 1 kg lime, white of one egg, 1kg stone powder and 3knodes of gul-e-lukh.\nWhile adding the ingredients to the lime it should be continuously mixed/stirred in a manner that the gul-e-lukh is mixed in the end in minor amounts and beating/mixing rigorously. The stone powder in the mix adds to the strength, egg white provides adhesive bonding to the mixing materials, and gul-e-lukh provides fiber bonding to keep all materials together and prevents cracking.\nAn important characteristic of this lime plaster is that, apart for fire bricks and concrete surfaces, it works best on mud wall surfaces. Before application of the plaster the wall surface should be scratched with sharp tools to make fine lines on the surface of the wall (better in horizontal direction), then the wall surface to be cleaned from loose materials. A filling layer is first applied on the wall surface and wetted in minor. After 24-hours the lime plaster should be applied using first wooden trowels and for finishing use steel trowels. The plaster should be applied in layers of (5-8) mm thickness. It has been found that a single wall face should be worked at a time without long breaks to avoid visible restart joints.\nAfter application of the plaster it should be kept wet and humid for at least two weeks to avoid shrinkage and development of any minor cracks. After setting a clean white glowing wall surface is developed. The plaster is resistant to water, rain and minor shocks and hits. When gets dirty could be cleaned and wiped using a wet cloth.\nUsage of Lime Plaster\nToday, the aforementioned material will not be used for modern construction purposes, but it can be used widely - for repairing and renovation of historical building across the world, which means recreating past memories and can be highly rewarding. Lime plaster with such characteristics might be very effective for different goals with great results.\nThis material was widely used at places where had high value & rich people could only use this material at their bathrooms because of good finishing and waterproofing.\nUsing this material at historical area will be more effective and\nreminds all past memories, in addition it is cost effective, durable, and waterproof. It generally recommends for places which exposed to water flow.\nI am Gul Rahman Abdulrahimzai from Afghanistan, Head of Department of Civil Engineering at Kardan University with a demonstrated history of working in the education management sector.\nI have skills in research, lecturing, teaching leadership, and curriculum development. With strong academic foundation of a bachelor of science (B.Sc.) focused on Civil Engineering from National Military Academy of Afghanistan, (NMAA).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.labware.com.hk/news/new-mm-500%3A-first-mixer-mill-to-achieve-grind-sizes-in-the-nanometer-range", "date": "2023-09-26T21:50:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510225.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926211344-20230927001344-00130.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.89314204454422, "token_count": 341, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__23767236", "lang": "en", "text": "29 Apr 2020\nWith the new Mixer Mill MM 500 RETSCH has developed the first ball mill with a frequency of 35 Hz which produces enough energy for efficient wet grinding of samples down to the nanometer range.\nBased on performance, operation, application fields and design the MM 500 is a unique combination of a classic mixer mill and a planetary ball mill! Hence, it is perfectly suited for long-term grindings of several hours with high energy input to obtain particles sizes <1 µm, e. g. for mechanical alloying or chemical reactions. Thanks to only moderate warming effects, no cooling breaks are required when using the MM 500. On top of that, operation and handling are more comfortable than with planetary ball mills.\nThe benchtop unit is also suitable for dry, wet and cryogenic grinding of sample volumes up to 2 x 45 ml in one working run. It mixes and pulverizes powders and suspensions in only a few seconds.\nThe MM 500 can be controlled via the new optional RETSCH App which provides functionalities like creation of application routines, access to the RETSCH database or direct contact to the RETSCH service team.\nBenefits at a glance:\nPowerful pulverization down to the nanometer range with up to 35 Hz\nFor long-term grinding up to 99 h\nGreat flexibility due to grinding jar volumes of 50 ml, 80 ml, 125 ml and 4 different materials\nNew jar design allows for full use of volume, also for wet grinding\nGrinding jars may remain clamped in the mill for taking a sub-sample\nScrew-Lock, jars pressure-tight up to 5 bar", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dymapak.com/rigid-packaging-vs-flexible-packaging/", "date": "2024-04-14T23:44:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816904.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414223349-20240415013349-00733.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9368951916694641, "token_count": 1777, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__161234415", "lang": "en", "text": "No product is considered finished until the producer lands on the perfect packaging system to bring it all together. Even as the economy becomes more digitized, customers still care about packaging for many reasons, including functionality, sustainability, and the way it looks or how it adds to the unboxing experience.\nHow a product is packaged comes down to more than just first impressions. Rigid versus flexible packaging is a perfect example of how these choices impact the user experience.\nLet’s look at the basics of both rigid and flexible packaging, and compare the pros and cons of each from the standpoint of branding, shipping, and convenience. We’ll also outline the top materials and packaging types that come into play when designing products for the modern marketplace.\nWhat Is Rigid Packaging?\nEncompassing any package type that’s strong, inflexible, and able to stand upright, rigid packaging is certainly the more common of the two types in the spotlight today.\nWith materials like cardboard, hard plastics, glass, and metals, rigid packaging solutions keep things simple and straightforward for producers and consumers alike. These packages offer reasonable protection, decent barrier properties, and a degree of customization that helps to realize the vision of the manufacturer.\nRigid packaging may be more familiar to the masses. After all, these materials have been around for far longer. But rigid packaging isn’t without its downsides.\nRigid packaging can be costlier to ship, may not have the same customization as flexible packages, and may not provide the highly adaptable child-resistant security that flexible packaging handles with ease.\nWhat Is Flexible Packaging?\nIt may be relatively new compared to its rigid counterparts, but flexible packaging has made some major waves by introducing plenty of undeniable advantages.\nFlexible packaging solutions are made from various materials, from multi-layer films and laminates to complex foils, malleable thermoplastics, and much more. They can better meet a variety of needs thanks to food-safe materials and plenty of customization regarding size and design.\nA few decades ago, flexible packaging seemed like an odd proposition to brands in food, household goods, and other high-volume industries. But now, companies are seeing the appeal of pouches, bags, and other versatile containers that offer far more pliability.\nConsumers are also warming up to flexible packaging as they enjoy a more convenient and modern user experience in the home. Snacking, cleaning, and other household activities are made easier with flexible packaging to protect their favorite products.\nWhat Are Common Types of Flexible Packaging?\nToday’s flexible packaging options are plentiful, but a few materials lead the way in terms of popularity. These are the materials that offer benefits like chemical barrier properties, resilience during shipping and storage, plus the user experience that customers want.\nHere are the top flexible packaging types that brands should consider using now.\nLow-Density Polythene (LDPE)\nBest known for its high temperature resistance and structural strength, LDPE is a soft and flexible material with tons of customization options. Customers are familiar with LDRE in the form of plastic bags, lids, squeezable bottles, single-use cups, and six-pack rings.\nAs a packaging solution, LDPE is affordable with relatively quick execution, making it a cost-effective, entry-level option.\nBiaxially-Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET)\nA step up from LDPE in strength and quality, BOPET is incredibly versatile not only as a flexible packaging material, but also for many other industrial applications.\nSince BOPET is made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET), it has the properties of that strong film with even more tensile strength and stronger chemical barriers. This takes BOPET to new heights with its mechanics and capabilities.\nWe now see brands in industries like food, supplies, and even cannabis use BOPET packaging to help set their products apart and extend shelf life for more profits.\nBiaxially-Orientated Polypropylene Polymer (BOPP)\nIt may not have the temperature protection or the tensile strength of BOPET, but BOPP is a solid alternative film that CPG manufacturers can count on for packaging.\nBOPP excels in one key area over others in its class: vapor and liquid barrier protection. This is key for packaging food and other dry goods that must be protected from moisture throughout the supply chain journey and during the user experience.\nBOPP and its parent material, polypropylene, are also great for making packaging labels. It’s always in demand for brands across the board.\nWhat Are Common Types of Rigid Packaging?\nEven though flexible packaging benefits from newer innovations and novelty, there is still plenty to be excited about with rigid packaging. Here are the common types of rigid packaging solutions that still hold strong today.\nPaper-based materials are more capable than they appear, especially with innovations in corrugated and paperboard technologies. “Cardboard” or “paperboard” is the umbrella category here, and the applications are endless for brands packaging products of all kinds.\nToday’s paperboard is also surprisingly malleable, giving brands more to work with in terms of customized designs and differentiating features, though it lacks child-resistant properties and isn’t as durable as other options. Companies aren’t always looking to reinvent the wheel with packaging, and paperboard offers that familiar look and feel.\nDespite some notable weaknesses, glass is still one of the best in the packaging scene with its strong barrier properties, accessibility, and familiarity.\nGlass bottles and jars will remain on store shelves for years to come, and the material also has sustainable features making it appealing to the masses.\nFood products, cosmetics, and even some household supplies can make use of glass packaging, though savvy brands are looking into easier-to-ship flexible pouches, especially those who want child-resistant properties.\nThink beyond foil for a moment: aluminum in rigid form is another popular solution for brands needing a strong, reliable packaging plan. Containers and lids made from aluminum are great for the food industry, where temperature regulation and customization are key.\nThe material is extremely light for its exceptional barrier properties, able to withstand high temps, and maintain the structure of food for longer periods. On an industrial level, aluminum is also common in creating cartridges, caps, closures, cans, bottles, and more.\nWhat Makes Rigid and Flexible Packaging Different?\nThe differences between rigid and flexible packaging are deeper than surface-level looks (although there are certainly differences there too). Here’s how these two packaging types vary and why these choices matter for brands.\nWhile rigid packaging materials are well-established, customization options aren’t as numerous as flexible alternatives.\nThis isn’t to say that metal, glass, and paperboard can’t be crafted to fit a company’s specifications for a product. They are simply working with a limited framework of properties and functionality.\nThe winner here should be no surprise, as flexible packaging is designed for this specific purpose.\nRigid packaging solutions cannot compete in flexibility, which limits the versatility of these materials when it comes time to create custom solutions. The lack of flexibility with rigid packaging can bump up shipping costs and take up more space on store shelves.\nThe last generation of flexible materials may not be known for durability, but that is changing fast. Modern flexible packaging solutions like those from Dymapak are more durable than ever, with strong barrier properties comparable to rigid packages.\nMuch of the space occupied by rigid packaging is underutilized or unnecessary. Flexible packaging fixes this problem by reducing the required dimensions of a package and using that space more efficiently.\nThis equates to lightweight products which save costs upfront and lighten loads for shipping and storage. Best of all, it enables a company to better stock shelves, avoid “outs,” and let retailers better maintain product replenishment.\nThe Bottom Line\nFlexible packaging offers a variety of perks in a slew of industries. Dymapak offers child-resistant, eco-friendly packaging that’s food-grade and fully customizable. Making the right selection is key to the success of your product in any industry, ensuring protection, sustainability, and consumer enjoyment through the years.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://pyreneeshi.com/product/tourmalet-bottle/", "date": "2023-03-23T08:50:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945030.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323065609-20230323095609-00417.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8845634460449219, "token_count": 130, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__166601082", "lang": "en", "text": "Our Tourmalet bottles are NOT made of plastic! They are made from Braskem® Green Polyethylene, a renewable raw material derived from sugar cane ethanol. During their growth cycle, the raw materials used to produce Green Polyethylene absorb and repair CO2 in the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gases. Our Tourmalet Bio-bottles are fully recyclable. Size – 0.75l\nIf you’re going to climb the Tourmalet, you’ll need to drink a lot!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://hassall.com/applications/marine-applications.html", "date": "2013-12-09T00:34:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163837349/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133037-00066-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.866834819316864, "token_count": 690, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__198999269", "lang": "en", "text": "John Hassall supplies custom formed and machined parts utilized in a variety of marine related applications. The requirements of marine customers vary from simple standard fasteners, to weather-resistant stainless steel parts, to specialty items made from exotic materials with extremely close tolerances and demanding performance criteria. Either way, we have the capability to cold head, hot forge, or machine from bar the part you need in the most cost effective manner possible. Further, when cold heading or hot forging cannot, by that process alone, create a unique shape or hold a critical tolerance, John Hassall can provide a part to the most demanding of specifications by employing a variety of secondary operations, including:\n- Threading (flat die and tri-roll) with and w/o heat\n- Multi-axis CNC machining\n- Centerless and specialty surface grinding\n- Broaching, milling and drilling\n- And more\nJohn Hassall supports the marine industry with its US-based manufacturing factory, which is complemented by an in-house heat treating facility and metallurgical laboratory, certified to NADCAP and AS 9102 standards. Our quality systems are compliant with MIL-I-45208A and MIL-DTL-1222J. The Defense Logistic Agency, US Department of Defense lists John Hassall under Cage Code 82224 to their Qualified Suppliers List for Manufacturers (QSLM) for Class 2 & Class 3 Threaded Fasteners and Rivets.\nComponents and hardware (fittings, pumps, valves, bearings, etc.) for submarine and surface vessels, outboard engines, outdrives, fishing equipment, marine/oceanographic equipment and electronics, and more.\nBolts (hex, twelve point, socket, six lobe), nuts (hex, self clinching, spanner), screws (machine, metric, special), pins, studs, rivets, electronic hardware, special fasteners and parts to AN, MS, NA and NAS specification, and more.\nVarious grades of alloy steel, stainless steel and cobalt based alloys, including Inconel, A286, Titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, 18-8, 317, 347,17-4 PH, Brass, Silicon Bronze, Aluminum, Nitronic, and more.\nJust about any size or length, headed or machined from bar.\nPresses with induction heaters for hot forging; 2die/3 blow headers with induction heaters for warm forming; open die and single die headers, as well as multi-die parts formers for cold heading; pointers; trimmers; re-headers; a NADCAP certified heat treat facility capable of vacuum solution treatment and aging, induction annealing, atmospheric hardening and tempering, as well as cold treat freezing to -120°F; multi-axis CNC machining; auto-fed CNC centerless grinding; specialty surface grinding; auto-fed CNC chucking; broaching; bar-fed CNC Swiss turning; threading (flat die & tri-roll); milling & drilling; electrical discharge machining; burnishing; deburring; PWA/LCS approved metallurgical laboratory for both destructive and non-destructive testing, micro & macro evaluations of materials and parts; assembling; EDI; bar coding; ISO 9001:2008 / QS 9000 certification.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.davidgraas.com/products/details/save-our-soup-(l)", "date": "2014-03-11T14:02:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011207526/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305092007-00000-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9379932284355164, "token_count": 241, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-10__0__25523953", "lang": "en", "text": "Save Our Soup (L)\nPlastic, indestructible and endlessly recyclable. Time and time again the material can be broken down and shaped into new products. Like super clay. Strangely enough plastics are mostly used for single use products with a functional life time of less then 30 minutes. Think of bottles, cups and plastic bags. To make matters worse, much of it ends up in the ocean, becoming an ingredient for a global bowl of soup. Eaten by smaller species of marine life, this plastic is slowly but steadily passed up the food chain and eventually will find its way into your own bowl of soup.\nSave Our Soup is a modular lamp, available in (S)mall, (M)edium and (L)arge. The triangular modules are made from recycled plastic soap bottles. The flow of bright colours of the shredded bottles show a resemblance to the plastic soup in our oceans. Reshaped as a lamp the plastic is saved from our soup. Instead it has found a new use that is more fitting to its durability.\nCheck the \"products\" category for the sizes Small and Medium.\nphoto's: Tim Stet\n* excluding shipping", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://anerka.com/automation_systems.html", "date": "2024-04-25T10:35:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297292879.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425094819-20240425124819-00101.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9622002840042114, "token_count": 206, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__151002289", "lang": "en", "text": "The major challenge regarding the automation of roll bending is that the forming process is significantly influenced by stochastic effects. These mainly include batch-specific fluctuations of the material properties of the plates (strength, thickness, etc.), but also fluctuations of the properties of the machine tool (temperature of the hydraulic oil, etc.). In the case of conventional manual control of roll bending, the influence of these effects is recognized by the plant operator and compensated by an adequate adjustment of the machine.\nWe have been working on this issue since 1999 and we have developed our CNC software thanks to many data and analyzes we have obtained.\nWe succeeded in producing our automation system, which eliminates all these difficulties and can perform the bending process in less than 1 minute, and we exhibited it for the first time at the Euroblech fair held in Germany in 2022.\nThe results we achieved were incredible. Thanks to this system we developed, error-free cylindrical roll bending were no longer impossible with less cost and without human touch.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.hawacast.de/en/eigenschaften-en/", "date": "2023-03-27T20:11:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00712.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9043164849281311, "token_count": 2032, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__239563136", "lang": "en", "text": "HAWAMID PA 12G – Properties + advantages\nDirectly to the info\nLeast water absorption\nPA 12G has the lowest water absorption of all polyamides\nPA 12G absorbs the least amount of water amongst all polyamides: 0.9% in standard atmospheric conditions and only 1.1% when immersed in water (for comparison: PA 6 up to 12%). Where other plastics start to swell and lose their mechanical properties, HAWAMID PA 12G keeps its shape, dimensional stability and resilience. HAWAMID PA 12G is therefore often used for mechanical parts and gaskets in sewage treatment plants, bottling plants or shipbuilding.\nBy using our development HAWAMID PA 12G + oil, the outstanding material properties can be enhanced yet again to only 0.85% water absorption when immersed in water. Dryness also has no effect on the material properties of PA 12G – whereas e.g. PA 6 starts to brittle.\nOwing to its high moisture absorption, PA 6 exhibits lower strength and, due to its swelling behaviour, lower dimensional stability. In the case of frost, there is also the risk of bursting. PA 12G is saturated at 1.1% – this means lasting dimensional stability and strength even in damp environments and at temperatures as low as -50°C.\nWide temperature interval\nEven at low temperatures HAWAMID PA 12G does not lose its viscoelastic properties: at -50°C it still exhibits an impact strength of 6 to 8 mJ/mm². A perfect material for vehicle manufacturing, the cableway industry or refrigeration/air-conditioning systems.\nPA 12 G has the most evenly shaped curve: at -50°C PA 12G does not „brittle“ and at 120°C does not „soften“. PA 12G is elastic and exhibits good elastic recovery across a wide range of temperatures.\nConstant up to 120°C continuous operating temperature\nEven in hot-temperature environments or heat caused by mechanical stress PA 12G demonstrates its superiority: the elastic modulus remains constant in the case of long-term exposure to temperatures of up to 120°C (for comparison: POM up to 60°C). Manufacturers of washing and electroplating plants utilise this property for themselves and manufacture drive elements made of PA 12G.\nThe modulus of elasticity is still constant up to a continuous operating temperature of 120 ° C. A property of the PA 12G that is often used for drive elements.\nPA 12G exhibits particularly good resistance to alkaline solutions and low-concentration acids. PA 12G is therefore often used in washing plants, bottling plants and enamelling lines or by the petroleum and chemical industry during plant construction. Detailed information on chemical resistance can be found in the „Technical appendix“.\nDue to the particularly good chemical resistance, manufacturers of washing or filling systems and the petroleum and chemical industry rely on drive elements made of PA 12 G.\nAbrasion-proof, material-friendly in the case of metal/plastic pairings\nPA 12G is extremely viscoplastic and therefore wear-resistant. The high restoring force can absorb a large amount of energy without resulting in wear. This property is particularly useful when PA 12G is used in combination with metal. If PA 12G is combined with metal, e.g. gear/gear, runner/running track, pulley/cable or sliding bush/shaft, durability can multiply compared to metal/metal applications.\nIf PA 12G is combined with metal, e.g. gear/gear, runner/running track, pulley/cable or sliding bush/shaft, durability can multiply compared to metal/metal applications.\nLow creep behaviour\nNo flattening out, low creep behaviour\nA disadvantage of many plastics is their creep behaviour. When subjected to static and dynamic loads, the inner structure changes permanently and does not return to its original shape even after the loads have been removed. Runners made of POM or PET for example start to flatten out and result in vibrations, imbalance and increased wear. Runners made of PA 12G, however, exhibit a high restoring force. Thanks to the spherulitic crystallinity, the material returns to its original shape after having been deformed within the load limit. The smooth running properties of the material are thus preserved. Due to the large contact surface and thus lower surface pressure, wear on the runner and running track is minimal.\nPressed-in ball bearings retain their press fit and do not loosen when subjected to static loads.\nDirect comparison of cast and extruded polyamides – i.e. comparison of polyamides with high and low crystallinity: The high-crystalline, cast PA 12G can be subjected to considerably higher and longer loads than the low-crystalline, extruded polyamides PA 12E and 6E.\nSelf-lubricating antifriction properties\nWhen subjected to frictional stress, the surface of HAWAMID PA 12G is compressed and polished: This produces a permanent antifriction layer that allows for dry-run operation – without the need of additional lubricants. In the food and textile industry where the use of lubricants is often not possible, mechanical parts such as runners, gears, guides and sliding plates are often made of HAWAMID PA 12G. By using HAWAMID PA 12G + oil, the antifriction properties are enhanced even more\nAn ideal sliding partner for PA 12G is steel with a surface hardness of >50 HRC. This pairing can withstand higher loads compared to plastic/plastic pairings because the heat that is generated can be removed more quickly. But in this case too HAWAMID PA 12G proves to be the superior material: As can be seen in the diagrams (Vicat-B-50 and elastic modulus), PA 12G keeps its shape even if exposed to a long-term temperature of 120°C.\nWherever the use of lubricants is possible, running-in lubrication is recommended in order to increase operating times.\nIn the ideal pairing of PA 12G with hardened steel, we can reduce the coefficient of sliding friction again from 0.35 to 0.18. By adding oil, friction wear can be halved from 0.1 to 0.05 µm/km.\nHAWAMID PA 12G has a density of only 1.025 kg/dm³. As a comparison: steel has a density of 7.85, aluminium of 2.8 kg/dm³. Lower weight means lower centrifugal mass and forces, less energy consumption during acceleration and braking and less wear. HAWAMID PA 12G is therefore often used as a substitute material for steel. Conveying systems, sprockets or gear wheels made of HAWAMID also allow for smaller and energy-saving light-weight design.\nLower weight means lower centrifugal mass and forces, less energy consumption during acceleration and braking and less wear.\nHardly any wear due to optimal damping behaviour\nDrive elements made of PA 12G respond to loads elastically: force peaks can thus be cushioned without causing any wear. Wear on the following parts is also reduced. If compressed by 0.1%, PA 12G can withstand a load of 46 N/mm². The ball indentation hardness is 103 N/mm².\nSpur gear with polygon steel hub subjected to impact loads of up to 550 Nm. By replacing a steel/steel pairing with a steel/plastic pairing, it was possible to treble the operating life.\nHAWAMID PA 12G is whisper quiet\nCompared to metal, HAWAMID PA 12G is whisper quiet. Gear drives involving steel/steel pairings are up to 3 times louder than steel/plastic pairings.\nWith these pulleys, set constructions at the Hamburg Theatre are lifted and lowered – silently!\nUnbeatable impact strength of HW und HI\nDepending on the temperature, the impact strength lies between 10-15 mJ/mm², at -50°C still at 6-8 mJ/mm². This value highlights the characteristics of PA 12G: hard and tough across a wide range of temperatures.\nDepending on the requirement, we can modify these values through the production process. Our grade HAWAMID PA 12G HW passes through the normal production process.\nOur grade HAWAMID PA 12G HI is slightly softer and thus exhibits a higher impact strength.\nThe perfect property of HAWAMID PA 12G: hard and tough across a wide range of temperatures.\nHigh load transfers thanks to hybrid connection\nPA 12G is, with the exception of PA 6/12G, the only high-strength plastic capable of forming positive and non-positive connections with metal. In the case of runners, rollers or gear wheels the special properties in the coating of PA 12G and the special features of metal inside the core are combined in one workpiece.\nThe perfect connection: rollers, rolls or gears with metal in the core.\nHAWAMID PA 12G is food safe\nHAWAMID PA 12G in the colours natural, black and yellow has been tested for extractable substances (water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, toluene) according to CFR21 Section 177.1500 and been approved for use in food handling applications.\nHAWAMID PA 12G is approved for food handling.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://holidaytripper.com/florida-vacation/be-an-eco-fashionista-on-earth-day/", "date": "2016-09-30T20:17:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738662336.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173742-00233-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9193354845046997, "token_count": 350, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-40__0__165220655", "lang": "en", "text": "Be an eco-fashionista on Earth Day!\nDress eco-consciously on your Florida Vacation\nYou don’t have to wear Birkenstocks on Earth Day to be eco-conscious. As concerns for the environment is more mainstream, consumer demand is growing in every product category, including fashion. In response, you can pull on a stylish dress rather than one made out of milk cartons!\nThere are certain textiles that have a detrimental impact on the environment, so consider fabrics when choosing your clothing, such as recycled polyester or organic cotton. We all know how scarce of a resource crude oil is, and this is where polyester comes from. The process for creating recycled polyester uses less energy and recycles plastic waste – see it as giving a second life to products in your recycling bin! Organic cotton isn’t genetically modified (GMO) and is cultivated without pesticides, fertilizers or other synthetic chemicals. The silky feel of lyocell is derived from regenerated cellulosic fiber which is biodegradable and is extracted from the pulp of eucalyptus wood pulp in a closed-loop process that is energy efficient.\nSkunkfunk is known for its eco-friendly fabric and convertible clothing that can be redesigned to create a new look (a different form of recycling!). Skunkfunk also practices its eco message, even creating reusable bags from scraps of leftover fabric.\nEarth Day Deals\nFor Earth Day 2012, Skunkfunk is offering a 15% discount on their online store for eco-conscious clothing. Upon checking out use promo code EARTH2012. The deal is available till the end of April 2012.\nDo you wear organic clothing?", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hu.the-socioesthetician-international.com/forum/pharm-d-candidate-appe/3d-printed-natural-bioinks-promote-wound-healing", "date": "2024-04-21T20:03:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817819.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421194551-20240421224551-00543.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8865920305252075, "token_count": 2938, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__138187201", "lang": "en", "text": "Polymers highlighted evidence from existing studies that support the use of natural-based bioinks\n3D Printing Applications in the World of Pharmacy\n3D printing offers cost-effective and rapid creation of diverse shapes that have many applications in our lives. Recently, attention has shifted to patient-centric drug development, with 3D printing becoming a key player in the pharmaceutical field.\nCompared to traditional methods, 3D printing provides amazing flexibility for producing customizable medications tailored to individual patient needs. This technology operates by depositing layers of materials using computer-aided design (CAD) software or 3D scanners. Various 3D printing technologies, such as laser-based, inkjet-based, and extrusion-based systems, are employed based on factors like resolution, biocompatibility, temperature, and cost-effectiveness.\nThe impact of 3D printing on pharmaceuticals is profound, allowing for the precise fabrication of diverse pharmaceutical systems and devices. Experts foresee a shift towards personalized medicine, departing from the one-size-fits-all approach. However, achieving high-quality dosage forms requires meticulous attention to printing parameters and an in-depth understanding of materials' characteristics.\nAs 3D printing evolves, business models involving the sale of 3D-printed products are emerging. The integration of 3D printers in pharmacies and hospitals is anticipated as regulatory guidelines are established, enabling quality-by-design printing of pharmaceutical forms.\nIn biomaterials, the use of inks or bioinks is crucial. Natural biomaterials like alginates and synthetic biopolymers enhance the resolution of 3D-printed objects. The diversity of biopolymers and APIs makes 3D printing promising for constructing various drug delivery systems, contributing to effective wound healing. While Inkjet-based systems offer precise printing for tissue engineering. Extrusion-based 3D printing allows for scaffolds and microneedles, with the choice depending on the intended application and polymer properties.\nNatural polymers like pectin and pluronic F-127 show efficacy in extrusion-based 3D printing for wound healing. Thermoresponsive hydrogels, including nanocellulose, introduce optimal rheological characteristics for extrusion-based printing, leading to the development of 4D printing.\nOral Drug Delivery Devices (ODDDs) like tablets and capsules are widely used for their rapid release profiles, but traditional methods limit design flexibility and often result in a \"one-dose-fits-all\" approach due to high costs and potential drug interactions. A study done in 1999 explored 3D printing for ODDDs, showcasing the ability to tailor release mechanisms. Binder Jetting has since gained approval for the first 3D printed drug, Spritam®, in 2016.\nMaterial Jetting (MJ) and filament extrusion techniques have also been employed for ODDDs, allowing for the creation of tablets with various release profiles. Topical drug delivery through 3D printing has improved drug loading and accuracy in masks and wound dressings compared to traditional methods. Personalized 3D-printed masks for facial hypertrophic scars have been developed.\nFor rectal and vaginal drug delivery, 3D printing methods such as SLA and filament extrusion have been utilized to create customizable geometries for suppositories and intrauterine system (IUS) devices. In parenteral drug delivery, 3D printing has been used to create microneedles for rapid drug action and implantable devices like stents and catheters.\nWhile the future of 3D printing in drug delivery holds significant potential, challenges include ensuring quality control, safety, and regulatory compliance, with limited guidance available. Large-scale manufacturing and collaboration among academia, industry, and government are crucial for widespread adoption. Machine learning (ML) is emerging as a tool to optimize design parameters and predict 3D printing performance, contributing to enhanced product quality and productivity.\nKatstra W, Palazzolo R, Rowe C, et al. Oral Dosage Forms Fabricated by Three Dimensional Printing. J Controlled Release. 2000;66:1–9\nMancilla-De-la-Cruz J, Rodriguez-Salvador M, An J, Chua CK. Three-Dimensional Printing Technologies for Drug Delivery Applications: Processes, Materials, and Effects. Int J Bioprint. 2022 Oct 20;8(4):622\nUchida DT, Bruschi ML. 3D Printing as a Technological Strategy for the Personalized Treatment of Wound Healing. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2023 Jan 25;24(1):41\nAdvancements in 3D Printing and Wound Healing\nWounds, both acute and chronic, pose a considerable health risk on a global scale, affecting the lives of millions. As wounds pass a certain size, they often become challenging to self-heal, leading to chronic conditions and, in severe cases, mortality. Recent advancements in 3D printing technology, in conjunction with biocompatible hydrogels, offer a promising route for the development of intelligent wound dressings. These dressings, made through 3D printing, can incorporate antibiotics, antibacterial nanoparticles, and drugs to expedite the wound healing process. The precise control from 3D printing technology enables the production of customized dressings, addressing various challenges in wound care.\nThe prevalence of chronic wounds globally emphasizes the need for innovative solutions. Traditional wound dressings, while commonly used, often show limitations such as poor adherence to newly grown tissues and low oxygen permeability. Modern wound dressings, especially those using 3D printing technology and biocompatible hydrogels, are multifunctional. They provide enhanced physical protection, maintain optimal wound microenvironment moisture, and accelerate the healing process.\nRecent studies on hydrogel-based wound dressings produced through 3D printing have showcased significant progress. Works include advancements in creating physically cross-linked chitosan hydrogels, developments in composite hydrogels for biomedical applications, and a focus on 3D-printed conductive hydrogels. The versatility of 3D printing extends to printing polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to various fields such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine.\nHydrogels are characterized by their three-dimensional crosslinked structure and water-absorbing properties. Natural hydrogels, including chitosan and alginate, show biocompatibility but may trigger immune responses. On the other hand, synthetic hydrogels offer reproducibility but lack inherent bioactivity. Smart hydrogels, responsive to stimuli like temperature, pH, and biological molecules, emerge as a promising avenue for wound care.\nSmart hydrogel wound dressings, responsive to stimuli and capable of maintaining an optimal wound environment, play an important role in the wound healing process. These dressings enhance oxygen permeability, efficiently absorb exudate, and contribute to the various phases of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, tissue growth, and tissue remodeling.\nThe mechanical strength and water absorption of hydrogel-based wound dressings play a crucial role in their effectiveness. The cross-linking process significantly influences these properties. Typically, hydrogels contain 5 to 10% crosslinking polymers, and the crosslinking ratio affects the swelling and strength of the hydrogel. More crosslinking results in less swelling but higher strength. However, excessive crosslinking can make the material rigid or glassy.\nThe type of crosslinker used is essential, with physical and chemical crosslinkers being the two main categories. Physical crosslinkers are formed by weak interactions, acting as bridges between polymer bonds. Chemical crosslinkers, on the other hand, involve covalent bonds that are more challenging to degrade. The choice of crosslinking method influences the overall performance of the hydrogel wound dressing.\nDifferent types of crosslinking, such as semi-IPN and double network (DN) hydrogels, offer unique characteristics. Semi-IPN hydrogels effectively respond to pH or temperature changes, possess modified pore size, and enable slow drug release. DN hydrogels, comprising two networks with distinct structures, exhibit lower water absorption rates but higher mechanical strength and toughness. The sacrificial bonds in the first network sustain stress, while the second network's ductile polymer chain can extend to sustain large deformation.\nMoving on to additive manufacturing and 3D printing, these technologies have gained popularity in recent years. Various techniques like fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), polyjet process, selective laser sintering (SLS), 3D inkjet, and digital light processing (DLP) have different characteristics, impacting repeatability, resolution, printing time, and material processing capabilities. Each technique has its compromise in terms of material properties and application suitability.\n3D printing offers advantages over traditional methods, such as reduced steps, less manual labor, quick production, low waste generation, and risk mitigation. In wound dressing applications, 3D printing, especially techniques like DLP and STL, has shown promising outcomes. These methods can process biocompatible polymer materials like hydrogels, mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin. However, challenges such as printing large structures with good mechanical properties and addressing surface finish issues persist.\nBioprinting, a subset of 3D printing, holds promise in burn treatment. It involves layer-by-layer deposition of cells and scaffolding materials over burn injuries, aiming for optimal esthetic outcomes and improved scar quality. Bioprinting-based wound dressings go beyond traditional dressings by promoting wound closure and enhancing functional outcomes.\nWhile 3D printing of hydrogels for wound dressings has shown significant progress, challenges remain. Issues like adhesion, applicability to various body parts, and addressing technical limitations during the pre-printing, printing, and maturation stages need further attention.\nMoving to recent developments, various hydrogel wound dressings incorporating 3D printing technologies have been explored. The integration of sensors with these dressings has emerged as a cutting-edge approach. Biosensors, when integrated into wound dressings, offer advantages such as real-time sensing, response to changes in the wound environment, and remote monitoring. Temperature and pH sensors have been commonly integrated, providing valuable insights into infection and inflammation.\nWhen the skin is injured, its pH shifts from acidic to alkaline. The skin's acidic pH range (4–6) is vital for pathogen defense, sourced from sebaceous gland fatty acids and sweat's lactic and amino acids. Wound pH evolves from alkaline to neutral and then acidic during healing. Transducers track pH-responsive hydrogel volumetric changes through mechanical work or property alterations.\nVarious studies utilize pH indicators like phenol red or red cabbage to detect pH changes in hydrogel patches. The transparency of the hydrogel enables naked-eye pH level observation. However, water content and calcium content can affect these pH indicators making it a difficult option. Integrated pH sensors in wound dressings provide continuous, real-time monitoring without physical contact. Smart patches with microchips for ion tracking and drug release, compatible with smartphones, exemplify this advancement. Reinforcing hydrogels with nanomaterials enhances their properties, allowing for diverse sensor integration. However, dressings must align with skin movement, deform as wounds heal, and not impede clotting.\nDespite the promising potential of wound bandage-integrated sensors, challenges remain in the current landscape. 3D-printed hydrogel-based wound dressings have shown promise but face challenges such as poor mechanical strength and stability. Stereolithographic techniques often result in parts with inconvenient mechanical properties, and resin homogeneity can be a concern. Overcoming these challenges may involve post-curing processes and the incorporation of specific additives, such as gluconic acid, to stabilize pH levels and prevent bacterial growth.\nNanofillers and cations like calcium ions play crucial roles in enhancing hydrogel properties. Carbon nanomaterials, when combined with hydrogels, show potential in drug delivery applications, although concerns about toxicity remain. Cations like K+ and Ca2+ contribute to the mechanical strength of printed hydrogels and can be employed for various functionalities, including pressure sensing. Overcoming current limitations and addressing challenges will pave the way for more effective and patient-friendly wound care solutions in the future.\nAlketbi A.S., Shi Y., Li H., Raza A., Zhang T. Impact of PEGDA photopolymerization in micro-stereolithography on 3D printed hydrogel structure and swelling. Soft Matter. 2021;17:7188–7195.\nBahram M., Mohseni N., Moghtader M. Emerging Concepts in Analysis and Applications of Hydrogels. IntechOpen; London, UK: 2016. An introduction to hydrogels and some recent applications\nLu B., Li D., Tian X. Development trends in additive manufacturing and 3D printing. Engineering. Epub Ahead Print. 2015;1:85–89Nizioł M., Paleczny J., Junka A., Shavandi A., Dawiec-Liśniewska A., Podstawczyk D. 3D Printing of Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Laden with an Antimicrobial Agent towards Wound Healing Applications. Bioengineering. 2021;8:79\nTack P., Victor J., Gemmel P., Annemans L. 3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: A systematic literature review. Biomed. Eng. Online. 2016;15:1–21\nTsegay F, Elsherif M, Butt H. Smart 3D Printed Hydrogel Skin Wound Bandages: A Review. Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 3;14(5):1012\nZarybnicka L., Stranska E. Preparation of cation exchange filament for 3D membrane print. Rapid Prototyp. J. 2020;26:1435–1445. doi: 10.1108/RPJ-03-2019-0082", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://contileindustries.com/concrete_coatings_stains.html", "date": "2023-12-11T11:36:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00773.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.916531503200531, "token_count": 209, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__251425727", "lang": "en", "text": "Pros: Concrete Coatings and Stains are decorative and a long lasting way to protect your concrete floor. For example, a garage floor against the elements brought in from the road during winter. It is easy to clean, food safe, stain resistant, non- slip coatings, decorative look, and add value to an older well structured floor. Concrete Coatings and Stains provides an original one of a kind look or feature to your project as there are many options to choose from (finishes, epoxies, aspartic, urethanes, etc). Above all, it is easy to bring back to life.\nCons: Concrete Coatings and Stains Finish is a tedious preparation and application process. No coating is perfect and it can be hard to remove or bond to existing concrete. Some coatings require regular maintenance and some coatings will melt under high temperatures. Not UV resistant and will yellow and appear cloudy over time if used outdoors. If not adhered sufficiently it can bubble or blister or peel.Home", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://rhqdesigns.com/the-art-of-stainless-steel-fabrication/", "date": "2023-12-10T01:11:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00382.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9117559194564819, "token_count": 603, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__116958749", "lang": "en", "text": "Stainless steel fabrication is a versatile and precise process that allows for the creation of stunning and functional pieces. From architectural elements to household appliances, stainless steel has become a popular choice for its durability, sleek appearance, and resistance to corrosion. In this blog post, we will take you on a journey through the art of stainless steel fabrication, exploring the process from concept to creation.\nUnderstanding Stainless Steel Fabrication\nStainless steel fabrication involves transforming raw stainless steel sheets or bars into customized products or components. The process typically includes cutting, bending, welding, and polishing to achieve the desired shape and finish. Skilled craftsmen utilize advanced machinery and techniques to ensure precise measurements and flawless execution.\nDesigning the Perfect Piece\nThe first step in stainless steel fabrication is conceptualizing the design. Whether it’s a unique piece of furniture, a striking architectural feature, or a functional industrial component, the design stage is crucial. Collaborating with experienced designers and engineers can help bring your vision to life while considering factors such as functionality, aesthetics, and structural integrity.\nPrecision Cutting and Shaping\nOnce the design is finalized, the stainless steel sheets or bars are cut into the required shapes using advanced cutting techniques like laser cutting or waterjet cutting. This ensures precise and clean edges, allowing for seamless integration and assembly. Bending and shaping the metal follows, utilizing specialized machinery and tools to achieve the desired forms and angles.\nWelding and Assembly\nWelding is a critical stage in stainless steel fabrication, where the various components are joined together to create a unified structure. Skilled welders utilize different welding methods, such as TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) or MIG (Metal Inert Gas), to ensure strong and durable connections. Attention to detail is vital during this stage to maintain the integrity and aesthetics of the final piece.\nOnce the main structure is complete, the stainless steel piece goes through a finishing process to refine its appearance. This includes grinding, polishing, and surface treatments to achieve a smooth and lustrous finish. These finishing touches not only enhance the visual appeal of the stainless steel but also provide additional protection against corrosion.\nStainless steel fabrication is an intricate art form that combines creativity, precision, and technical expertise. From conceptualization to the final polish, each step plays a crucial role in transforming raw materials into stunning and functional stainless steel creations. If you’re looking to add a touch of elegance and durability to your space, consider the possibilities of stainless steel fabrication.\nAt RHQ Designs, we specialize in stainless steel fabrication, offering tailored solutions for both residential and commercial projects. Our team of skilled craftsmen and designers is committed to delivering exceptional quality and attention to detail in every piece we create. Contact us today to discuss your stainless steel fabrication needs and bring your ideas to life. Ready to elevate your space with stunning stainless steel creations? Contact RHQ Designs today for a consultation and let us transform your vision into reality.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://cnc-mdf-milling.e4c.pl/home,11,building_models.html", "date": "2019-09-16T03:07:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572471.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916015552-20190916041552-00289.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9411620497703552, "token_count": 373, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__29290745", "lang": "en", "text": "We make models and plugs for mould production\nOne of our company operation aspects is making models for mould production. We have been dealing with composite model-making for many years, which is a very complex production process supported by high precision, experience and vast knowledge of our personnel. Each model is made by using a CNC machine tool, which allows us to provide you with top quality and precision.\nOur company deals with making models of MDF, wood, HDF, styrofoam, extruded polystyrene, NECURON type model-making foams and even aluminium. These models are used to create moulds for cast industry and plastic production sector. Industries we target our services at include toilet equipment production, automotive parts, shipbuilding, thermoforming and every application where high precision and quality of plug and mould are required. We have design and production infrastructure, which means that the moulds performed on models supplied by us are fully professional. We can use documentation supplied or are able to develop it from scratch by collaborating with each customer.\nMoulds – accuracy and precision\nBy using a high-tech 5-axis CNC milling machine we can make virtually any workpiece with a dimension precision of up to 1 hundredth of a mm! We specialise in preparing models for producing composite materials, mainly GRP. If necessary, we can provide advice, build production moulds, and if needed, we can launch a dedicated production using our infrastructure.\nCast models, cores and moulds – take advantage of our offer!\nIf you are looking for a company dealing with model-making of cores and moulds, this is the right place. We have been providing our customers with top-quality services for many years, thus constantly increasing their number. Each customer is approached individually to make them fully satisfied with our services.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.fossweb.com/module-summary?dDocName=D2662161", "date": "2020-12-01T09:15:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141672314.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20201201074047-20201201104047-00148.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8575741648674011, "token_count": 110, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__212671145", "lang": "en", "text": "Module Summary – Delta Inquiry Investigations – Atoms and Molecules\nThis durable, plastic model easily allows students to graphically model the components of the atom. Learn about the structure of atoms and ions, and model the formation of ionic and covalent bonds. Using color-coded plastic manipulatives, students construct familiar molecules and compounds including soaps, detergents, acids, bases, and salts. Using the 3-D models, students explore the crystal lattice structure of salt, and learn about organic compounds and hydrocarbons.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.enlitechnology.com/news-detail/show-292998.htm", "date": "2018-06-22T05:38:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864354.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622045658-20180622065658-00138.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.90516597032547, "token_count": 6471, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__171727316", "lang": "en", "text": "Cost Analysis of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics\n• Low LCOE is achieved due to extreme low cost of perovskites in tandem PVs\n• Further improving tandem module lifetime and efficiency reduces LCOE\n• LCOE decrease rates are used to measure the research efforts\n【Context & Scale】\nSolar energy is the most abundant resource to power this planet. Photovoltaics (PV) harvest solar energy in a clean manner, wherein the relevant technologies are mostly based on crystalline silicon. Featuring skyrocketing efficiency and extreme low cost, hybrid halide perovskite solar cells have emerged as the most promising next-generation PV technology. Moreover, they can be coupled with a complimentary absorber to form tandem solar cells, which may face fewer obstacles for market penetration by capitalizing on the established PV industry. It is thus important to establish the technoeconomic competitiveness of final electricity production. We estimated the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) using a sensitivity analysis by varying the materials, module efficiency, and lifetime. We found that perovskite tandem PVs are potentially competitive, and further efforts are required to simultaneously improve the efficiency and lifetime of perovskite PVs to stand over the entire energy sector.\nRecently, metal halide perovskite photovoltaics (PV) are marching toward commercialization. The possibility for perovskite absorbers to be incorporated into multi-junction solar cells is also being discussed, which suggests alternative market entry. Although intensive investigations are being made on their technical feasibility, serious analysis on the cost of perovskite-based tandem modules is lacking. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of solar modules is often used to evaluate technoeconomic competitiveness. Here, we performed a detailed cost analysis on two perovskite-based tandem modules (the perovskite/c-silicon and the perovskite/perovskite tandem module) compared with standard multi-crystalline silicon and single-junction perovskite solar cells. We found that perovskite PVs (both single junction and multi-junction) are competitive in the context of LCOE if the module lifetime is comparable with that of c-silicon solar cells. This encourages further efforts to push perovskite tandem modules onto the market in the future.\nThe world's energy demands to power society keep on increasing with the evolution of human civilization. Global electricity consumption reached 21,190 TWh in 2016, which was a significant portion of the world's total energy comsumption.1 Photovoltaics (PV) provide electricity in a clean and renewable manner, and the PV market has grown dramatically in the past decades. In 2017, newly installed PV capacity increased by more than 75 GW, while the cumulatively installed capacity exceeded 300 GW worldwide.2, 3 With the fast development of PV technology, the final price of electricity generated by PV has exhibited competitiveness among the whole energy sector. For example, Abu Dhabi Water and Electric Authority (ADWEA) reported price bidding for PV as low as 2.42 US cents/kWh,4 even lower than that of fossil energy.\nWith the rapid progress in PV technology, metal halide perovskite is emerging as the most promising candidate for the next-generation PV materials. In less than 8 years, perovskite solar cells have attained power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.7%,5 and thus have attracted considerable attention in both academia and industry. The community has already advanced significantly to validate the technical feasibility of single-junction perovskite solar cells. Very recently, perovskite-based multi-junction PV devices have received intensive attention as an exciting research topic,6, 7 thanks to their tunable band gap, superior optoelectronic properties, and ease of fabrication. To date, perovskites have been incorporated with c-silicon8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or CIGS13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 to construct hybrid tandem solar cells with respectable PCEs. By carefully tuning the band gap of the perovskite absorber, the theoretical PCEs for perovskite/silicon solar cells and perovskite/perovskite solar cells are predicted to be 39% and 34%, respectively.19 In addition, all-perovskite tandem solar cells were also successfully demonstrated.20, 21, 22 Similar to that of perovskite single-junction modules, the development of tandem devices is facing the same major technical problems, such as stability, upscaling, and reproducibility.23 In view of the encouraging theoretical PCE limit and feasible pragmatic routes, perovskite-based tandem solar cells are expected to penetrate the market swiftly by capitalizing on the existing c-silicon industry.6\nHowever, manufacturing cost, as one essential factor governing the success of PV techniques, has received limited attention. Recently, Cai et al.24 analyzed two representative perovskite solar modules and calculated the corresponding levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). They concluded that the LCOE of perovskite PV was estimated to be 3.5–4.9 US cents/kWh with 15 years lifetime, which was even lower than that of traditional fossil energy. They suggested that more attention should be given to improving device efficiency and lifetime instead of low-cost material replacement. Recently, the LCOE of a single-junction module was also analyzed by Chang et al.25 They made conservative assumptions on limited materials availability and estimated the module cost to be US $107/m2, which led to a significantly higher LCOE than in Cai's report. During the preparation of this manuscript, Song et al.26 proposed a feasible manufacturing flow for single-junction perovskite PV fabrication. They estimated the LCOE to be 5.82 US cents/kWh in Wichita, Kansas, if a system lifetime of 30 years can be achieved. The apparent discrepancy in LCOE estimation encourages further discussion and careful justification to project the manufacturing costs.\nGiven the roadmap of the development of perovskite PV, tandem modules serve as one important sector.6, 7 Nevertheless, they have received limited consideration from a technoeconomic perspective, which may influence future research efforts in this field. Here, we adopted a bottom-up cost model to estimate the module cost and further LCOE, and carried out a sensitivity analysis of LCOE varying the efficiency and lifetime of relevant PV modules. We carefully compared four modules: mc-silicon (the passivated emitter and rear cell [PERC]), perovskite single junction, perovskite/c-silicon (heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer [HIT]) tandem, and perovskite/perovskite tandem. The latter three perovskite-based modules are shown to have potential for commercialization within the assumptions of this study. We focused this investigation on the technoeconomic competitiveness among the four PV techniques in the given boundary conditions. Some financing and policy assumptions are reasonably simplified, which does not affect the effectiveness of the conclusions within the relative comparison. We found that perovskite PVs exhibit low materials cost, which reduces the LCOE substantially in both the single-junction devices and the tandem devices. Still, module efficiency and lifetime are the dominant parameters that affect the LCOE significantly. In addition, the idea of LCOE decrease rate is introduced for the first time as a clear measure to guide the direction of research and development for perovskite-based PVs and tandem solar cells.\n【Results and Discussion】\n◆Modules Configurations and Fabrication\nFour representative configurations of solar cells are listed in parallel for comparison, as shown in Figure 1. Module A uses the conventional PERC device based on p-type multi-crystalline silicon. PCE of ∼21.0% in line production is claimed, which is predominant in the PV market.27 This represents one of the major competitors that perovskite PVs face. The cell in module B is based on the planar structure of a perovskite solar device, which can be fabricated using low-temperature processing techniques such as screen printing and dip coating.28 The best certified cell PCE is 22.7% for ∼0.1 cm2 devices5, and 20.1% PCE is reported for 1 cm2 devices with a similar architecture.29 The planar perovskite device has already been adopted for commercialization trials. We assume in-line production will achieve cell PCE of 19% in the 2020s as a result of the fast development of perovskite solar cells.5 In module C, perovskite/c-silicon tandem cells are used with HIT sub-cells. HIT cells have achieved the best PCE of 26.6%,5 which is one of the most promising next-generation silicon-based techniques ready for mass production. Currently, successful demonstration of perovskite/c-silicon tandem cells showed a PCE of 23.6%.30 By capitalizing on accumulative efforts in silicon solar cells, we assume these HIT/perovskite tandem cells can attain a PCE of 25% in line production in this study. Module D proposes a perovskite/perovskite tandem device configuration adopting two different absorbers with wide/narrow band gaps, respectively. The feasibility of fabrication has recently been demonstrated in practice and has revealed solar cell efficiency of 25.9% by modeling.19 We investigated its technoeconomic competitiveness by assuming cell efficiency of 22% for mass production in the coming years, which might serve as a reference point for future research and design of all-perovskite tandem cells.\n▲Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of Modules\n(A) Module A is composed of traditional silicon cells.\n(B) Module B is composed of planar perovskite cells.\n(C) Module C is composed of silicon/perovskite tandem cells.\n(D) Module D is composed of perovskite/perovskite tandem cells.\nSpin coating, which is often used in the lab, is replaced by screen printing for large-scale manufacturing in our simulation.24, 25, 26 The materials utilization ratio for most techniques in this paper is 80%, whereas that of evaporation is assumed to be 60%.25, 26 The material costs of some key components are listed in Table 1 (see Supplemental Information for details). The fabrication process flows for each module are summarized in Supplemental Information and Tables S1–S4.\n▼Table 1: The Costs of Key Components in LCOE Simulation\n|Component||Raw Material||Price ($/kg)||Weight (g/m2)||Material Cost ($/m2)|\nThe LCOE represents the unit cost (per kilowatt hour) of electricity over the lifetime of certain generating entity, which is often used to measure the overall competitiveness of different technologies. In the context of physical chemistry, the chemical potential eventually determines the occurrence of a reaction. Similarly, the LCOE provides a cost estimation, which governs the commercialization process of a generating technology. Based on the above-mentioned assumptions, we have thus conducted LCOE analysis on the four representative modules, which is summarized in Figure 2. Here, we retain an accuracy of 0.01 cent/kWh in the final value to comply with the conventional LCOE calculations; it is not easy to achieve such accuracy considering the uncertainty in the technique and economy development. Modules B, C, and D exhibit LCOEs of 4.34, 5.22, and 4.22 US cents kWh−1, respectively. As a comparison, the LCOE for module A is 5.50 US cents kWh−1. Specifically, the LCOE of the single-junction perovskite solar cell (module B) is in line with the previous report,24 which is 21% lower than that of a traditional silicon solar cell (module A). This shows the great commercialization potential of perovskite solar cells if the final products can reach those assumptions during manufacturing. By incorporating perovskites into silicon solar cells (module C), the LCOE of the tandem device can be reduced by 5% from that of conventional silicon solar cells. Moreover, we calculated the most aggressive tandem device with two perovskite sub-cells (module D), with the largest LCOE reduction compared with that of module A. Interestingly, materials costs for modules B and D contribute much less to the LCOE compared with module A and C. This implies that perovskite-based PVs are less sensitive to the materials cost than the currently predominant multi-crystalline silicon PVs. These LCOE values are estimated based on a few favorable assumptions, such as good module efficiency and acceptable module lifetime (see Experimental Procedures). Some of these assumptions remain challenging (e.g., the lifetime), and some are expected to be achieved soon during mass production (e.g., the efficiency). Given the same operation conditions, however, it is inferred that the tandem solar cell design has a positive impact on reducing the LCOE when perovskite is incorporated. This can likely be attributed to the low module cost as discussed later.\nModule cost affects the LCOE estimation significantly, which differs among different PV technologies. The estimated manufacturing cost breakdown of the different modules proposed above was carefully investigated. The module manufacturing cost is mainly composed of materials cost, depreciation and maintenance, labor, utilities and others (e.g., weighted average cost of capital [WACC], inverter price, balance of system [BOS], operation cost, etc).26 We performed the estimation based on the internal data provided by existing manufacturers, literature reports, and reasonable assumptions (see Experimental Procedures for details). As shown in Figure 2A, the manufacturing costs are estimated to be 89.59, 32.69, 121.18 and 45.23 US$ m−2 for modules A, B, C, and D, respectively. Taking the PCE into account, the module costs are 0.43, 0.17, 0.48, and 0.21 US $/W for the four modules. The material cost is a significant part of each module cost: 88.0%, 78.2%, 81.3%, and 81.2% for modules A, B, C, and D, respectively. It dominates the overall cost and thus the final LCOE of the corresponding technology. Interestingly, the cost for the perovskite absorber layer only contributes 4.1%, 1.1%, and 3.0% to the total material cost in modules B, C, and D, respectively. It clearly shows the cost advantage of perovskite absorber, which is in accordance with the previous analysis (Figure 2). In short, the perovskite PV is approaching the sweet zone to balance the module efficiency and cost, which leads to the attractive LCOE in the PV market.\n▲Figure 2: The Estimated LCOE and Breakdown of Each Module\n(A) The comparision of LCOE. (B–E) The cost breakdown of each module. (B) Module A, composed of traditional silicon cells; (C) Module B, composed of planar perovskite solar cells; (D) Module C, composed of silicon/perovskite tandem cells; and (E) Module D, composed of perovskite/perovskite tandem cells.\nA variety of materials have been reported to couple with the perovskite absorber to construct the heterojunction. In our estimation, we assume that economically favored materials are used for module fabrication. To reveal how the materials selection affects the LCOE, we conducted the sensitivity analysis for modules B and C (Figure 3B). In respect of carrier transport materials, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM), 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene(Spiro-OMeTAD), and Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)aminePoly(triarylamine)](PTAA) are used as replacements for NiO or SnO2. They lead to increases in manufacturing costs of 801%, 348%, and 622% in module B, and 299%, 172%, and 252% in module C, respectively. Consequently, the LCOE increases to 286%, 166%, and 238% in module B, and 218%, 143%, and 190% in module C. When copper is replaced by gold in the electrodes, we found significant increment of module cost to 493% and 215% in modules B and C, respectively. The corresponding LCOE increased to 204% and 168% in modules B and C. This is consistent with previous estimations of manufacturing cost,25, 26 indicating usage of expensive material probably prevents any market penetration of perovskite PVs. Interestingly, when silver is used to replace copper, we observes negligible increment of LCOE in both modules B and C. Development of cheaper materials to couple with perovskite absorber is required for the commercialization of perovskite PVs. However, it remains challenging to obtain highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with low-cost materials. Moreover, it is critical to rationally design and construct tunneling junctions for tandem devices based on cheap building blocks, which is still less investigated.\n▲Figure 3: The Estimation of the Module Cost and the Effect of Material on Module and LCOE.\n(A) Breakdown of the estimated cost for each module in US$ m−2.\n(B and C) Variation of estimated (B) module cost and (C) LCOE with the use of alternative materials in modules B and C.\nFurthermore, we attempted to correlate the LCOE with different components (e.g., materials, facility, etc.) in different modules. Among all the components that contribute to LCOE, material cost plays a significant role. It consists of all the materials involved during the manufacturing process, including the main materials, solvent, additives, etc. Figure 4A shows the linear relationship between material cost and LCOE, wherein the marker on each line represents the assumptions used in the current study. The slopes of the four curves are almost the same, which indicates that the dependence of LCOE on materials cost is similar for all four PV modules. It is interesting to note that the curves overlap for modules A and D, indicating the module D, if realized, follows a similar LCOE function for materials cost as currently predominant PVs. This means that the LCOE is the same for modules A and D if their module costs are the same. This is likely due to the similar module efficiency and the same module lifetime for the two modules, which further indicates costs other rather than the module cost (e.g., facility cost) have a relatively small impact on LCOE. Moreover, it is clearly revealed that the extremely low LCOE of modules B and D correlates with their low material cost. To reach the same LCOE as that of module B (if realized), the material cost of module A needs to be further reduced by 45%. It thus suggests reduction of materials cost as one effective strategy to reduce the final LCOE for silicon PVs and future perovskite/c-silicon tandem PVs. Comparing modules A and C in Figure 4A, we can further see the advantage of applying a tandem design to achieve lower LCOE even with higher materials cost.\nOn the other hand, the LCOE is found to be relatively insensitive to the facility cost. In our simulation, facility cost describes the cost of the main equipment to perform module production, such as building, equipment, etc. Figure 4B shows the dependence of LCOE of each module on the facility, wherein the marker on each line represents the assumptions used in the current study. As expected, the LCOE increases linearly with the increase in the facility cost in all four modules. We found that the dependence of LCOE on facility cost is similar for all four PV modules. Even if the facility investment for module B doubles, the LCOE increases by just 3%, which is significantly different than the impact of module cost on LCOE (Figure 4A). It clearly suggests that the initial equipment cost affects the LCOE to a minor extent, given 20 years constant throughput. It also indicates that facility investment should not be a concern if upgrading the c-silicon module fabrication line to a c-silicon/perovskite tandem module. Perovskite-based solar cells have a significant advantage of low materials cost to reduce the LCOE if the prerequisites of commercialization are satisfied.\n▲Figure 4: The Sensitivity Analysis Regarding Material Cost and Facility Cost.\n(A and B) The linear dependence of LCOE to (A) the materials cost, and (B) the facility cost in each module. The marker in each line represents the assumptions used in the current estimation\nStability has been a serious concern since the beginning of the perovskite cell development.31 However, tremendous progress has been achieved in the last 5 years in device reliability over thousands of hours with various degradation protocols.32, 33 Perovskite cells are required to work for 20 years with over 80% of their initial power output, which is in line with the typical field warranty for PV panels. In the LCOE simulation, the lifetime describes how long the PV system (project) would operate, which generally correlates to the module lifetime. During the project operation life cycle, the power degradation rate for each module would remain at 1% per year. We found the lifetime significantly affects the LCOE, wherein the lifetime obeys an inverse proportion relationship with the LCOE (Figure 5A). We found that lifetime plays a great role in minimizing the LCOE value; that is, a longer lifetime can result in a significant decrease of the LCOE. Taking the perovskite single-junction module (module B) as an example, the LCOE decreases substantially from 7.52 to 4.34 US cents/kWh if the lifetime is improved from 10 to 20 years. According to the current market requirement that commercial c-silicon modules (module A) have a guaranteed lifetime of 20 years, we find that the perovskite single-junction module (module B) requires only 14.7 years to achieve the same LCOE. It means the requirement for lifetime is not as strict as that of conventional c-silicon PVs, which might suggest a different business model for the commercialization of perovskite PVs. Nevertheless, it is still desirable to obtain long-term operational stability of perovskite-based PVs to compete against other energy sectors.\n▲Figure 5: The Sensitivity Analysis Regarding Module Lifetime and Efficiency\n(A and B) LCOE variation as functions of (A) the module lifetime and (B) the module efficiency in each module, with the other parameters related to LCOE are fixed. The markers indicate the assumed conditions for each module in the LCOE calculation.\nSimilar to the module lifetime, module efficiency also plays an essential role to determine the LCOE value. In general, an increment in module efficiency leads to a significant decrease of the LCOE. Taking module B as an example, the LCOE decreases from 4.9 to 3.9 US $/kWh if the module efficiency increases from 17% to 22%. This applies to all four PV modules investigated here. It suggests research should focus on improving PCE as an effective approach to a competitive LCOE in perovskite PVs especially at the current stage, wherein their module efficiency during mass production is far from the theoretic limit. Although challenging, the predicted efficiency requirements are based on some assumptions wherein the dynamic development of the PV community is mostly overlooked. The calculations show theoretically that the perovskite PV is capable of achieving the same LCOE at a relatively lower efficiency than c-silicon PVs in either single-junction or tandem devices. This economic advantage is mostly ascribed to the low manufacturing cost originating from cheap materials and a low energy-consuming process. However, perovskite PVs are far from being commercially available. A fully developed industrial manufacturing process for perovskite solar modules and practical implementation of these modules are not yet available. The estimation predicts their potential technoeconomic competitiveness over c-silicon PVs, and improving the module lifetime and efficiency are feasible strategies to lower their LCOE.\nThe LCOE decreases with the increase of the module lifetime and/or efficiency. With different module lifetimes and/or efficiency however, the LCOE of different modules changes at different rates. A clear measure is required to analyze the effectiveness of different approaches to reducing LCOE. Therefore, the LCOE decrease rate is introduced to investigate the relationship between LCOE and module lifetime and efficiency. The LCOE decrease rate is defined as the first derivative of LCOE for either the lifetime or module efficiency (Figure 6). With increasing lifetime, the LCOE decrease rate gradually approaches zero (Figure 6A). It means the positive impact of reducing LCOE diminishes by prolonging the module lifetime. For discretion, we assume negligible effects on the LCOE when the LCOE decrease rate achieves −0.1 US cents/kWh/year. And we obtain effective module lifetimes of 30.6, 27.0, 29.6, and 25.8 years for modules A, B, C, and D, respectively. Comparing with silicon solar cells (module A), the current lifetimes of perovskite modules are far below the effective module lifetime as calculated, motivating efforts to extend of the lifetime of perovskite PVs with quantitative justifications.\nSimilarly, LCOE decrease rate over module efficiency was obtained for each module (Figure 6B). Compared with that over module lifetime (Figure 6A), the decrease rates over module efficiency of each module at their current module efficiency are relatively higher. This implies that the LCOE can be reduced considerably by improving module efficiency at the current stage. By setting the value of LCOE decrease rate at −0.1 US cents/kWh/%abs, we calculated the effective module efficiency to be 33.6%, 28.4%, 35.3%, and 30.0% for module A, B, C, and D, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that improving the module efficiency is a universal approach to the reduction of LCOE for all four PV technologies investigated here. It is found that modules with lower materials cost show lower effective module efficiency, which means the LCOE reduction for low-cost modules is less dependent on module efficiency. The selection of −0.1 cent/kWh/year or −0.1 cent/kWh/%abs is arbitrary and is shown as an example in this study. The choice of effective numbers was made to guide research efforts. These two numbers do not necessarily apply to guide mass production. It is found that effective module lifetime and effective module efficiency serve as yardsticks to measure the effectiveness of different techniques for LCOE reduction, which sheds light on judicious R&D for perovskite PV technology.\n▲Figure 6: The LCOE Decrease Rate of Module Lifetime and Efficiency\n(A and B) The LCOE decrease rate changing with (A) the lifetime and (B) the module efficiency. The solid line represents the current value given by previous research and the dotted line represents the estimated value when the module efficiency and the lifetime are improved in the future. The LCOE decrease rate around −0.10 US cents kWh−1 is magnified in the insets.\nIn conclusion, we investigated four solar modules (e.g., silicon solar cells, perovskite solar cells, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells) with major emphasis on their LCOE and relevant contributors. The proposed tandem structures show great commercial potential if their performance (PCE and lifetime) on lab scale can be achieved after scaling up with low-cost materials with a satisfactory material utilization ratio. We adopted the bottom-up cost model to estimate the manufacturing cost and subsequently the LCOE of each module based on current progress and assumptions. We conclude (1) single-junction perovskite solar cells are promising to achieve a competitive LCOE in the PV market; (2) tandem PVs by incorporation of perovskite absorbers are capable of lowering the LCOE effectively due to the extremely low manufacturing cost and high efficiency of perovskite sub-cells; (3) a significant decrease in the LCOE can be achieved by improving the lifetime and the efficiency of solar modules; and (4) LCOE decrease rates are defined and investigated for the first time, and demonstrated to serve as a yardstick to measure the effectiveness regarding the research direction for PV development. In our analysis, the single-junction perovskite PV shows a lower LCOE than that of the c-silicon/perovskite tandem device. However, the latter may face less barriers when penetrating the market by potentially leveraging the established PV industry. Although the current analysis indicates that perovskite PVs have great potential from a technoeconomic perspective, they are still far from practical use; the assumed device performance has not been fully achieved yet. It calls for further efforts to simultaneously improve the efficiency and lifetime of perovskite modules, which will ultimately improve the competitiveness of perovskite PVs over the entire energy sector.\nQ.C. and H.Z. acknowledge funding support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (51673025, 51672008), Q.C. thanks National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2016YFB0700700) and Young Talent Thousand Program. The authors sincerely appreciate the valuable discussions with Dr. Q. Wang of JA Solar, Mr. S. Wang of Macro Economic Research Institute of the State Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China, and Ms. I. Ke of Enlitech.\nQ.C. and H.Z. conceived and supervised this work, Z.L., Y.Z., X.W., Y.L., and Q.C. contributed to the discussion and writing of the manuscript, Y.S., Z.Z., Y.L., X.W., and H.Z. contributed to data collection. Z.Q., X.W., H.Z., and Q.C. participated in analysis of the results.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://spirig.org/default-668f298d78/default-title", "date": "2021-01-27T12:54:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704824728.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20210127121330-20210127151330-00496.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9345793128013611, "token_count": 580, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__259376543", "lang": "en", "text": "Ernest Spirig established this company named DIPL. ING. ERNEST SPIRIG as a closely held private company on March 14th 1969 in Rapperswil, Canton St. Gall, Switzerland. In its very early times the company was engaged in consulting and development services for the emerging Semiconductor Industry, specializing in gold wire bonding technologies. There was a need for the development of stable hydrogen sources for the flame-off process for the gold wire ball bonding. Besides developing high precision mechanical regulator technology for bottled high pressure Hydrogen gas, this was also the origin of studying the water electrolysis process to create a clean just-in-time hydrogen source with a stable caloric output. This basic work laid the foundation for the years later following engagement in the manufacture of patented, multi-cell Hydrogen / Oxygen generators used as stable heat sources for precision soft- and silver soldering, for precision brazing and welding, for precision annealing and hardening, for activation of adhesive layers and activation of surfaces to increase adherence of printing inks and adhesive coatings. From its beginning Switzerland was for the specialization a too small market and Spirig had to cater to the markets worldwide. The action in Semiconductor manufacturing technologies was at that time the USA. Over the years, as Semicon started to span the world, Spirig followed those markets.\nMr. Spirig holds a MSEE degree (Dipl. Ing. ETH) in electronic and electric engineering from the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich. He is also author of one of the first German written books on \"Microelectronics\", still used today as an assistant textbook/introduction into basic semiconductor technology.\nThe company is today (2012) still fully and privately owned. Turn-over or employment figures are not released to the public. Spirig fully owns various companies catering to manufacturing and distributing activities in various countries.\nMr. Spirig has invented and owns today (2020) more than 100 patents in various countries worldwide on varied technologies, which can be divided into:\n• Electrolysis-apparatus and -system.\n• Clean-room particle shielding technologies (semiconductor, pharmaceutical, atomic plants).\n• Electronic signal processing for alarm systems.\n• Temperature recording-methods and -materials.\n• De-soldering, -tools, -methods and -material for the electronic/electric industries.\n• Mechanical gear systems.\nVarious technologies and patents are used in production, others are licensed out. Some products based on these technologies do have a seizable world-market share.\nThe product and technology mix is constantly increased by actively investing into start-up operations (seed capital) and/or buying/selling know-how.\nSPIRIG is open to inquiries for new start-ups or new technologies.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://escobedogroup.com/projects/armadillo-vault/", "date": "2024-02-22T21:05:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473824.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222193722-20240222223722-00745.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9356884956359863, "token_count": 370, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__82414576", "lang": "en", "text": "Comprised of 399 individually cut limestone pieces, unreinforced and assembled without mortar, the Armadillo Vault spans 16 meters with a minimum thickness of only 5 cm. Its funicular geometry allows it to stand in pure compression, while tension ties equilibrate the form. Starting from the same structural and constructional principles as historic stone cathedrals, this sophisticated form emerged from novel computational graphic statics-based design and optimization methods developed by the project team.\nThe Armadillo Vault was the centerpiece of the “Beyond Bending” exhibition at the 15th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia, curated by Alejandro Aravena, which was held in Venice, Italy, from May 28 to November 27, 2016.\nThe engineering of the discrete shell used innovative computational approaches to assess stability under various load conditions. Each stone voussoir is informed by structural logic, by the need for precise fabrication and assembly, by the constraints of a historically protected setting, and by limitations on time, budget, and construction. The voussoirs are designed to be planar on the exterior to avoid the need to flip the stones during machining. Their interior sides’ doubly curved geometry was obtained through rough cutting. Rather than milling away the excess material left by this process, it was instead hammered off, leaving the resulting grooves as an expressive feature.\nThe shell’s dual appearance, scale-like on the outside and softly curving on the inside, is thus a direct materialization of the project’s hard constraints. Standing without reinforcement, proportionally as thin as an egg shell, the expressively flowing surface structure challenges the idea that complex, freeform geometry need go hand-in-hand with inefficient and untruthful use of material.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sydneyleathercleaners.com.au/leather-cleaning-and-protection/", "date": "2024-02-29T01:17:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474775.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229003536-20240229033536-00514.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9382117986679077, "token_count": 338, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__54101325", "lang": "en", "text": "Types of Leather We Clean\n‘Aniline‘ leather is the best among all the quality leathers and is made from the very best hides. It has a quality look and feel and is very expensive. Due to its characteristics it is also highly sensitive, prone to sun fading and difficult to repair. Aniline leather survives best with constant care and maintenance.\n‘Nubuck‘ leather. To get the desired finish, softness and new-look Nubuck is buffed, which gives it a velvet texture. Unfortunately this requires regular maintenance to keep it in good condition, it’s quite difficult to repair and is prone to fading. Often Nubuck is mistaken for suede.\n‘Pigmented‘ leather. As the name suggest the leather is processed with a layer of pigment to overcome the wearing issues of Aniline and Nubuck. Eighty percent of the leather used in modern lounges is pigmented leather, it is durable, easy to maintain for families with kids, pets etc. It stands up to reasonable wear and tear and can be repaired more easily.\nLeather Cleaning and Protection:\n- We do a thorough close-inspection of the lounge leather.\n- Spot-test to check colourfastness and other issues\n- We apply a neutral cleaning solution\n- Then massage the solution into the leather\n- This breaks down the oils and grease\n- And removes stains and other debris\n- We spot-clean where necessary\n- Oils are then replenished by applying a conditioner\n- As an optional extra, we can apply a stain resistant protection treatment.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://servyoutube.com/eco-friendly-water-bottle-a-reusable-water-bottle-that-helps-reduce-plastic-waste/", "date": "2023-09-23T01:38:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00261.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9384668469429016, "token_count": 720, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__297457718", "lang": "en", "text": "In recent years, concerns about the impact of plastic waste on the environment have been growing. Plastic waste has been found in oceans, rivers, and even in the air we breathe, leading to devastating effects on wildlife and their habitats. One of the major contributors to this issue is disposable water bottles. However, there is a solution to this problem: eco-friendly water bottles. These reusable water bottles not only help reduce plastic waste but also offer many other benefits. In this article, we will explore the advantages of using an eco-friendly water bottle.\nEco-friendly Water Bottle: The Solution to Plastic Waste\nEco-friendly water bottles are made from a range of materials such as glass, stainless steel, and BPA-free plastic. The main benefit of these bottles is that they are reusable and can be used multiple times, reducing the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills and oceans. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, Americans throw away 50 billion plastic water bottles every year. These bottles take over 1,000 years to decompose, and as they do so, they release harmful chemicals into the environment.\nEco-friendly water bottles offer a solution to this problem. By using a reusable water bottle, individuals can significantly reduce the amount of plastic waste they produce. In addition, eco-friendly water bottles are durable and long-lasting, reducing the need for frequent replacements.\nWhy Choose a Reusable Water Bottle over Disposable Ones?\nDisposable water bottles are convenient, but they come with a high environmental cost. Firstly, the production of these bottles requires a significant amount of energy and resources, leading to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Secondly, while they may be recyclable, many of them end up in landfills, where they can take hundreds of years to decompose.\nOn the other hand, reusable water bottles are a sustainable and practical option. They can be used for many years, reducing the need for frequent replacements, and they are available in a variety of sizes and designs, making them suitable for individuals with different lifestyles.\nEnvironmental Benefits of Using an Eco-Friendly Water Bottle\nThe environmental benefits of using an eco-friendly water bottle are significant. By reducing the amount of plastic waste, we can help mitigate the harmful effects of plastic pollution on the environment. Eco-friendly water bottles also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as they require less energy to produce than disposable water bottles.\nIn addition, eco-friendly water bottles are often made from materials that are non-toxic and BPA-free, reducing the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals. They are also often dishwasher-safe, making them easy to clean and maintain.\nFurthermore, the use of eco-friendly water bottles can help reduce the demand for single-use plastic water bottles, leading to a reduction in the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills and oceans. This, in turn, can help protect wildlife and their habitats from the harmful effects of plastic pollution.\nIn conclusion, eco-friendly water bottles offer a practical and sustainable alternative to disposable water bottles. They help reduce plastic waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and exposure to harmful chemicals. By choosing to use a reusable water bottle, individuals can make a significant contribution to protecting the environment and reducing their carbon footprint. With the wide range of options available, there is a suitable eco-friendly water bottle for everyone. So, let’s make the switch to eco-friendly water bottles and make a positive impact on the planet.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://clarke430.marietasshops.com/2021/03/17/what-is-a-bokeh-battery.html", "date": "2021-04-20T04:33:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039375537.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420025739-20210420055739-00321.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9390522837638855, "token_count": 880, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__170170288", "lang": "en", "text": "What is a Bokeh Battery?\nBGo batteries have an electrochemical characteristic of charging and discharging. There are six common styles of BGo battery, each having its own distinctive features. The manufacturer’s specifications regarding the size and shape of the cell may vary slightly from model to model. However, all the BGo cells are standard in size and shape. The term ‘battery’ is used to describe any pair of batteries consisting of a cell and an outlet.\nBismuth borate or even bistatic but is definitely an alkaline inorganic compound of bifrontal, bromine and oxygen. Frequently the term is used to explain the electrolyte-rich compound having static crystalline framework, employed like a light thermally activated ionic conductor in battery anode designs. Any time a current is applied, the ions bonding to the particular negatively charged base are encapsulated within the boat, which then releases typically the charge. Bistatic boron nitride batteries are recognized for high discharge prices and energy densities.\nBoron nitride is created when the compound boron combines with oxides, leading to the alteration in the boron in order to nitride. The producing product includes a gaseous form that is insoluble in water. This is mainly utilised in the manufacture of Nivea batteries, particularly Nivea Nitecore lithium batteries. As opposed to borate, bide, oxide is inert in order to most reactions; as a result it acts as a control and preventative for that effect between the electrodes and the mobile. Thus, the oxide can prevent the particular cell components, which often include the dishes and cells, coming from being prematurely exposed to harmful chemicals.\nBacterial copper mineral oxide is applied in many types associated with batteries, in particular those getting active chemical ingredients. This makes it a powerful electrolyte. This type of electric battery produces less sulphation than borate which makes it suitable for use in mobile apps and industrial automation systems. Furthermore, water piping oxide will help maintain the performance in the battery while typically the sulphate-free compounds produce an atmosphere that is less safe for the battery, such because when exposed to be able to fire.\nNitride boron electric battery electrodes likewise have their uses. These electrodes are combined with co2 to form nitride clusters. Like carbon, this produces a gas that is not inert. However , unlike carbon, which in turn causes a chemical effect that releases totally free radicals, when the electrodes touch a great oxidising agent, nitride forms a gas that is inert. Nitroglycerin is a common compound applied in the creation of nitride-based battery packs.\nNitride-based batteries in many cases are ready by combining borate and lithium. Because the borate-lithium combos dissipate in the electrolyte, their interaction produces hydrogen. The producing product is referred to as monohydrate and offers great potentiality regarding being a good conductor of electricity. Regrettably, the performance associated with these types associated with batteries is affected by the tendency regarding the active substance to bind with the electrolyte leading to a loss within voltage and the lowering of battery existence. To remedy this specific, the battery may be subject to the few charge series before reaching complete performance levels once more.\nAbout the other hands, boron bide will be a combination regarding boron and water piping oxide. Unlike nitroglycerin, this kind of battery does not form a new gas, but instead the solid crystalline type of oxide. It does not bind along with the electrolytes. Instead, the oxide absorbs the energy by means of the active cations and releases it when the battery’s discharge time matches the input voltage.\nThe availability of boron compounds 파라오 토토 toto implies that bide electric batteries can be used to replace the majority of of the active chemical-based batteries within your vehicle. Although these people aren’t as effective as nitroglycerin-based tissues, they may be cheaper and do not have a similar harmful effects. Boron also improves the general efficiency of the battery. You may expect greater distance from your automobile along with longer lasting, safer battery efficiency.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://renleather.com/index.php?main_page=leather_types&zenid=hg8h6dpjnldmjl5drjv87mrt87", "date": "2017-04-23T05:28:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118477.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00403-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9368642568588257, "token_count": 222, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__307735332", "lang": "en", "text": "Vegetable tanned or veg tan:\nSometimes called oak-tan leather. This is a process that soaks the hides in pits with tanning liquors made from the bark of certain trees. These barks contain tannin, a naturally occurring substance that preserves the leather, leaving hides that can be carved, embossed, molded and hand-dyed. This is the leather saddles are made from. All our veg-tan leather is from North American hides, tanned in the USA. Those two characteristics are important because they assure the highest strength and quality.\nThis is a leather that is first vegetable-tanned, then stuffed or forced with waxes and oils to make the leather resistant to moisture and wear. This leather is primarily intended for tack and bridle uses, where it gets very hard wear in all weathers.\nLatigo leather has exceptional strength and durability, which make it ideal for utility straps, bags and any tough outdoor gear. After tanning, sides are drum dyed, then dipped in hot oils and hand rubbed to a beautiful finish.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://blog.onfloor.com/right-diamond-grit-size-for-grinding", "date": "2024-02-26T14:33:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474660.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226130305-20240226160305-00112.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8943545818328857, "token_count": 1929, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__86319681", "lang": "en", "text": "Concrete grinding is an essential step in many construction and renovation projects. It helps to level uneven surfaces, remove imperfections, and prepare the concrete for coatings or polishing. One critical factor in achieving a successful concrete grinding job is choosing the right diamond grit size.\nDiamond grit size refers to the size of the diamond particles embedded in the grinding tools. It plays a crucial role in determining the efficiency, speed, and quality of the grinding process. In this article, we will explore the different diamond grit sizes available and guide you on how to choose the right diamond grit size for your concrete grinding job.\nThe Importance of Selecting the Correct Diamond Grit Size\nDiamond tools used in hard concrete grinding have a wide range of grit sizes. Diamond grinding is the process of using a diamond abrasive to remove material from a hard surface. The diamond abrasives are bonded to a metal or resin matrix, which is then attached to a grinding machine or other equipment.\nThe diamond grit size refers to the size of the individual diamond particles on the abrasive disk. The size of the diamond grit is measured in microns, with smaller micron numbers indicating larger diamond particles.\nChoosing the correct diamond grit size when grinding concrete is important because it affects how much material is removed from the surface and how quickly the work is completed.\nA larger grit size will remove more material but will also leave a rougher surface, while a smaller grit size will remove less material but will leave a smoother surface. It's important to choose the right grit size for your specific job to ensure that you achieve the desired finish without damaging the surface or your equipment.\nUnderstanding Diamond Grit Sizes\nDiamond grit sizes are indicated by numbers that represent the size of the diamond particles in the grinding tool. The lower the number, the larger the diamond particles, and the coarser the grit size.\nConversely, the higher the number, the smaller the diamond particles, and the finer the grit size. Diamond grit sizes typically range from 16 to 3000, with 16 being the coarsest and 3000 being the finest.\nCoarse Grit (16-40)\nCoarse diamond grit sizes such as 16-40 are used for aggressive grinding and removal of thick coatings, adhesives, and uneven surfaces. They are typically used in the initial stages of concrete grinding when the surface is severely damaged or needs to be leveled.\nMedium Grit (40-80)\nMedium diamond grit sizes like 40-80 are used for general grinding and removal of moderate coatings, adhesives, and imperfections. They are commonly used in the intermediate stages of concrete grinding to refine the surface after the initial coarse grinding.\nFine Grit (100-200)\nFine diamond grit sizes such as 100-200 are used for fine grinding and polishing of the concrete surface. They are typically used in the final stages of concrete grinding to achieve a smooth and polished finish.\nExtra Fine Grit (400-3000)\nExtra fine diamond grit sizes like 400-3000 are used for fine polishing and honing of the concrete surface. They are used to achieve a high gloss and mirror-like finish on the concrete surface.\nFactors to Consider When Choosing Diamond Grit Size\nChoosing the right diamond grit size for your concrete grinding job depends on several factors. It's crucial to consider these factors to ensure that you achieve the desired results efficiently and effectively. Here are some factors to consider when choosing diamond grit size:\nThe condition of the concrete surface you are grinding is a crucial factor in determining the appropriate diamond grit size. If the surface is heavily damaged, has thick coatings, or uneven patches, a coarse diamond grit size such as 16-40 may be required for aggressive grinding and removal.\nFor moderately damaged surfaces, a medium grit size like 40-80 may be suitable for general grinding and surface refinement. If the surface is in relatively good condition and requires polishing, a fine or extra fine diamond grit size may be appropriate. For soft concrete, soft bond is preferred.\nDiamond tooling is available in various grit sizes, and each one is suitable for different grinding goals. The goals of your concrete grinding job also play a role in choosing the right diamond grit size.\nIf you are aiming to remove coatings or adhesives quickly, a coarse grit size may be necessary. If you are looking for a polished finish, a fine or extra fine grit size may be needed. Consider the end result you want to achieve and choose the diamond grit size accordingly.\nEquipment and Speed\nThe type of grinding equipment and the speed at which you are grinding also influence the diamond grit size selection. Different grinding machines have different capabilities, and their performance can vary with different diamond grit sizes.\nCoarse grits are typically used with high-speed grinders, while finer grits are used with low-speed grinders. It's essential to consult the manufacturer's guidelines to ensure that you select the right diamond grit size for your equipment.\nA diamond grinding cup wheel with a finer grit size can produce a smoother finish on the concrete surface than a coarse grit size.\nCommon Mistakes to Avoid When Selecting Diamond Grit Size\nConcrete polishing and grinding is a delicate process, and selecting the wrong diamond grit size can lead to a range of mistakes.\nOne of the most common mistakes people make when selecting diamond grit size is assuming that a higher grit number is always better. However, this is not always the case.\nWhile a high grit number can produce a very smooth surface, it may not be the best choice for all applications. For example, if you need to remove a lot of material quickly, a lower grit number may be more appropriate.\nAnother mistake is not considering the hardness of the surface you are grinding. Harder surfaces require a higher diamond grit number to effectively remove material.\nIf you use too low of a grit number on a hard surface, the diamond particles will wear down quickly, reducing the effectiveness of the abrasive disk and causing damage to your equipment.\nHow to Determine the Diamond Grit Size You Need\nThe diamond grit size you need for your concrete grinders will depend on several factors, including the type of surface you are grinding, the amount of material you need to remove, and the desired finish.\nHere are some general guidelines to follow:\nFor heavy material removal, use a lower diamond grit number, such as 16-40.\nFor moderate material removal, use a medium diamond grit number, such as 70-120.\nFor light material removal and a smooth finish, use a higher diamond grit number, such as 200-400.\nHowever, keep in mind that these are just general guidelines, and the specific diamond grit size you need will depend on the unique characteristics of your job.\nTips for Grinding Smarter, Not Harder\nNow that you understand the importance of selecting the correct diamond grit size, here are some additional tips for grinding smarter, not harder:\nUse the right equipment. Make sure you have the right grinder, disk, and other equipment for the job.\nKeep the disk clean. Clean the diamond abrasive disk regularly to prevent clogging and ensure maximum effectiveness. The diamond cup wheel should spin freely and not be overworked.\nUse a steady hand. Keep the grinder steady and move it in a smooth, even motion to prevent damage to the surface and your equipment.\nUse water. Water can help control dust and prevent the surface from overheating, which can cause damage to the diamond abrasive disk.\nTechniques for Using Diamond Grit Effectively\nTo use diamond grit effectively for your concrete floor, it's important to follow the right techniques. Here are some tips to keep in mind:\nStart with a lower diamond grit number and work your way up to higher grits. This will help you achieve a smoother surface and prevent damage to your equipment.\nUse overlapping passes. Make sure each pass overlaps the previous one by about one-third to ensure even material removal.\nKeep the disk level. Make sure the diamond abrasive disk is level with the surface being ground to prevent uneven material removal and damage to your equipment.\nUse a consistent speed. Keep the grinder at a consistent speed to prevent damage to the surface and your equipment.\nTools and Equipment for Grinding with Diamond Grit\nTo effectively grind with diamond grit, you'll need the right tools and equipment. Here are some things to consider:\nGrinder: A high-quality grinder is essential for effective diamond grinding. Look for a grinder with a variable speed control and a dust collection system.\nDiamond abrasive disk: Choose a high-quality diamond abrasive disk with the right grit size for your job.\nDust collection system: A dust collection system is important for controlling dust and preventing damage to your equipment.\nSafety gear: Wear safety gear, including eye protection, ear protection, and a dust mask, to protect yourself from dust and debris.\nIn conclusion, selecting the correct diamond grit size is crucial to grinding smarter, not harder. By choosing the right grit size for your specific job, you can maximize efficiency, achieve the desired finish, and minimize damage to your equipment.\nAvoid common mistakes, follow the right techniques, and use the right tools and equipment to ensure a successful grinding project. With these tips in mind, you'll be able to tackle any grinding job with confidence and ease.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.connectproducts.nl/en/products/silicone/seal-it-218-silicon-cl/", "date": "2019-10-21T22:24:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987795253.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20191021221245-20191022004745-00344.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8289533853530884, "token_count": 731, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__29821797", "lang": "en", "text": "Seal-it® 218 SILICON-CL\nSeal-it® 218 SILICON-CL is a fungicidal and neutral-curing sealant that is available in many colours, for structural, glazing, façade and sanitary joints, that is based on silicone technology and moisture-cures into a durable rubber that retains its elasticity.\n- Specially designed for projects that require joint seals in specific colours for aesthetic reasons.\n- Fungicidal joint sealant in sanitary spaces and other spaces with plumbing fixtures, such as bathrooms, showers, toilet rooms, saunas, kitchens, cold storage units, slaughter halls and washing and laundry rooms.\n- Seal connecting and dilation joints between building components made from concrete, stone, masonry, stainless steel, plastic, PVC, polycarbonate, steel, coated and anodised aluminium, wood, composite and glass in façade and interior structures.\n- Top and bead seals for insulating and laminated glass, in accordance with NEN 3576/NPR 3577.\n- Joint sealant for sections, window and door frames, panels, boards and other building components.\n- Repair compound for glazing, sanitary, façade and other joints, based on silicone.\n- Durable, retains elasticity, maximum movement capacity of 25%.\n- Excellent adhesion and working properties, versatile.\n- Neutral, low-odour, acid-free and non-shrink curing, CE-certified silicone system.\n- For orders starting from 1 cartridge, fast delivery within a few working days, in all NCS and RAL colours.\n- Meets requirements for intruder-resistant glass, in accordance with the Secure Home Police Label (the “Politie Keurmerk veilig wonen”).\n- Fungicidal in accordance with ISO 846.\n- Good resistance to discolouration, UV, weather, water, moisture, cleaning products and ageing.\n- Non-corrosive to metals.\n- Compatible in direct contact with PVB-laminated glass and edge seals on insulating glass.\n- Free of solvents and organic plasticisers.\n- Very low emission: certified VOC emission class A+.\n- Application temperature (ambient and surface) between +5°C and +40°C.\n- On stable, compatible, dry, clean, uncontaminated, grease-free and dust-free surfaces.\n- Ensure proper joint dimensions, for proper absorption of any movements.\n- Use a suitable brush to remove any loose particles from the surface.\n- Degrease the surface properly using Seal-it® 510 CLEANER.\n- Seal-it® 218 SILICON-CL adheres excellently to many surfaces. We recommend priming highly porous/absorbent/open surfaces with Seal-it® 520 PRIMER first.\n- Use Seal-it® 550 FINISH to apply a smooth and tight finish, before skin formation.\nStandard product line\nAvailable in all NCS and RAL colours\nSI-XXX-XXXX-XXX = Article number.\nOther colours and/or packaging on request.\n- EN 15651-1: F-EXT-INT-CC 25LM\n- EN 15651-2: G-CC 25LM\n- EN 15651-3: S-XS1\n- EN 15651-4: PW-EXT-INT-CC 25LM\n- VOC emission class A+", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://frameshop.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/8000080881-my-acrylic-perspex-has-arrived-and-it-looks-scratched-and-blurry-", "date": "2021-12-02T04:23:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964361064.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20211202024322-20211202054322-00117.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9118208885192871, "token_count": 219, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__27389005", "lang": "en", "text": "All of our acrylic perspex sheets have a protective coating on both sides. Our acrylic glass prints will have a protective coating on the front only.\nThis can either be a frosted plastic that looks like it has lots of scratches and scuffs on it, or it could be a brown paper cover. These are designed to protect the acrylic during transit and handling and should be peeled off before use.\nWe recommend the following steps:\n1) Place your acrylic sheet on a flat, smooth surface that will not scratch the acrylic (a soft towel on a kitchen table etc)\n2) Start peeling from any corner and pull the coating away from the acrylic\n3) Flip the acrylic over and peel the protective coating off the other side\n4) Using a soft micro fibre cloth wipe over both sides of the acrylic to remove any dust or fluff before inserting it into your frame.\nIf after you've peeled the protective coating from both sides the acrylic still has any imperfections, scratches or damage. Please take a picture and contact us and we'll organise a replacement for you.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.thecarburetorguy.com/post/restoration-must-do-revitalise-your-parts-with-our-zinc-plating-electroplating-services", "date": "2023-09-23T00:13:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00577.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.883403480052948, "token_count": 1079, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__192488249", "lang": "en", "text": "Shield your metal surfaces from corrosion with The Carburetor Guy's expert zinc plating services! This tried-and-true process deposits a thin layer of zinc onto your metal, creating a barrier between it and the environment. Not only will your metal be protected from rust and corrosion, but it will also boast an improved appearance and a longer lifespan. Upgrade your metal's defense with our top-notch zinc plating services. Here’s how Zinc plating adds value to not only your vehicle but also your life:\nProtection from corrosion: Zinc plating acts as a barrier between the metal and the environment, providing protection from corrosion and rust.\nImproved appearance: The thin layer of zinc deposited on the metal surface enhances its appearance and gives it a uniform, shiny finish.\nExtended lifespan for metal surfaces: By protecting the metal from corrosion and rust, zinc plating extends the lifespan of metal surfaces and increases their longevity.\nEnhanced durability and performance: The added protection from corrosion and rust increases the durability and performance of metal surfaces.\nIncreased value of metal parts: The improved appearance and longevity of metal parts increases their value and marketability.\nImproved resistance to wear and tear: Zinc plating provides an extra layer of protection against wear and tear, making metal parts more resilient.\nCost-effective solution for metal protection: Zinc plating is a cost-effective way to protect metal surfaces compared to other forms of corrosion protection.\nEasy to maintain and clean: The zinc coating on metal surfaces is easy to clean and maintain, making it a convenient solution for protecting metal parts.\nProvides a consistent and uniform layer of zinc: Zinc plating ensures a consistent and uniform layer of zinc is deposited on the metal surface, resulting in a uniform appearance.\n10.Protects against rust and other forms of corrosion damage: The added layer of zinc protects against rust and other forms of corrosion damage, ensuring the longevity and durability of metal parts.\nHere's a step-by-step guide to our zinc plating process:\nStep 1: Surface Preparation: The first step in the zinc plating process is to prepare the surface of the metal. This involves cleaning it thoroughly to remove any oils, dirt, or other contaminants that could affect the quality of the final coating. The metal must also be polished to ensure a smooth surface for the plating to adhere to.\nStep 2: Cleaning Once the surface is prepared, it must be cleaned to remove any remaining contaminants. This step is crucial to ensuring the quality of the final coating. A variety of cleaning methods can be used, including degreasing, pickling, and electrocleaning.\nStep 3: Rinse After cleaning, the metal must be rinsed thoroughly to remove any residue from the cleaning process. This ensures that the surface is completely free of contaminants before the next step.\nStep 4: Strike The next step in the process is called the strike. This step involves applying a thin layer of zinc to the surface of the metal. The purpose of this step is to provide a base for the final coating and to ensure that the final coating adheres properly to the surface.\nStep 5: Rinse Again After the strike, the metal must be rinsed again to remove any residue from the strike process.\nStep 6: Base Coat The next step is to apply the base coat of zinc. This step involves immersing the metal in a bath of zinc ions, which deposit onto the surface of the metal and build up the thickness of the coating.\nStep 7: Final Coating Once the base coat is complete, the final coating of zinc can be applied. This step is similar to the base coat, but it results in a thicker and more durable coating.\nStep 8: Final Rinse Finally, the metal must be rinsed one last time to remove any residue from the plating process. This ensures that the final coating is free of contaminants and that it provides the best possible protection against corrosion.\nProtect your metal surfaces in style with The Carburetor Guy's zinc plating expertise! This versatile and effective process will not only shield your metal from corrosion, but also enhance its appearance for long-lasting beauty. Trust us to help you with all of your plating needs, from start to finish. Our team of experienced technicians will work with you to ensure that your metal parts are protected and looking their best. Don't settle for mediocre metal protection, upgrade to zinc plating with The Carburetor Guy. Contact us today to learn more!\n#restoration #restorationhardware #restorationproject #restorations #restorationcoach #restorationkitchenandwine #restorationindustry #restorationrocks #restorationthyroid #restorationhouston #restorationinprogress #restorationhardwarebaby #Restoration117 #restorationprojects #restorationthemovie #restorationreconsidered #restorationofindependance #restorationproducts #restorationpanel #restorationoftheyear #restorationscifi #restorationweekend #restorationvilla #restorationsussex #restorationstation #restorationshop #RestorationService #restorationserum #restorationseo #restorationofcivilrights", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.standingimpressions.com/product/14x20-5-inch-reclaimed-wood-ottoman-tray-natural/", "date": "2023-11-29T12:51:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00319.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9478933215141296, "token_count": 137, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__197359126", "lang": "en", "text": "Our one-of-a-kind ottoman trays are handcrafted with assorted species of reclaimed wood and fitted with handles made from reclaimed copper pipe.\nFinish: shellac & polycrylic\nSize: 14″ long x 20.5″ wide x 3″ high (1.75″ deep)\nDue to the nature of our reclaimed materials, there is no way to ensure the surfaces will be as smooth as new wood while retaining their unique character. We have made every effort to sand surfaces smooth to feel pleasant to the touch and avoid splinters. However, discolorations, knot holes, cracks, old nail, and bug holes are to be expected.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.glassrepairatlanta.com/uc-berkeley-chemists-develop-glass-that-generates-electricity/", "date": "2024-04-16T04:57:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817043.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416031446-20240416061446-00005.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.952934205532074, "token_count": 347, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__28538269", "lang": "en", "text": "Last year, a team of scientists at Stanford announced that they had developed a new type of window glass that can switch from transparent to opaque in a matter of seconds, eliminating the need for drapes and blinds. Now, just a few months later, the Chemistry department at UC Berkeley has unveiled another exciting window glass innovation that could allow the homes and skyscrapers of the future to generate their own clean energy.\nThis “smart glass” uses a liquid semiconductor to generate electricity when it’s exposed to solar radiation. The glass also takes on an orange tint when it’s heated, offering additional energy savings by keeping building interiors cool on hot days.\n“In the early morning, it’s a window that’s transparent,” said UC Berkeley chemistry professor Peidong Yang in a recent interview. “Then in the afternoon, when the temperature is a little higher, it automatically becomes a shade, meantime collecting electricity out of the solar radiation.”\nYang and his team envision their glass as an ideal clean-energy solution for tall, narrow buildings that don’t have enough roof space to support traditional solar panels. In addition to being remarkably innovative, the glass is also relatively easy to manufacture on a large scale. This could make it a particularly cost-effective solution for developers looking for ways to minimize heating and cooling costs in their buildings.\nThe chemists are currently working to refine their product by making it more energy-efficient and reactive at lower temperatures. Ultimately, they hope to make the glass even more efficient than conventional solar panels. It’s an ambitious goal that could shape the future of window design for generations to come.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://midcentralbusinessforms.com/2017/03/21/why-fibre-cement-may-be-the-best-choice-for-your-homes-new-roof-or-siding/", "date": "2019-04-25T18:38:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578732961.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20190425173951-20190425195951-00326.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.960767924785614, "token_count": 484, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__145582315", "lang": "en", "text": "When you think about getting a new roof or siding for your home, you may not think of cement as an option. However, fibre cement is a bit different than the cement used to make walkways and driveways, and it is a very strong and durable choice that is actually very attractive. If your contractor has suggested fibre cement, or if you are looking for an affordable and eco-friendly option for a new roof or siding, consider a few reasons why you might opt for this material.\nWhat makes up fibre cement\nFibre cement is not the same as concrete used for walkways, as mentioned above. This material is composed of cement, cellulose or wood fibre, sand, and other components. This makes fibre cement lighter than standard concrete but still very durable and strong. The materials are also sustainable, meaning they're plentiful and easy to harvest. Fibre cement can also be made with recycled cellulose or wood fibre, keeping this material out of landfills and reducing the amount of new materials that need to be harvested for producing new roofing and siding.\nFibre cement siding and roofing may last several decades before it needs to be replaced, although it may need a fresh coat of paint every few years to keep the colour true. The cellulose component of fibre cement also gives it a slight elasticity, so it's less prone to dents, dings, warping, cracking, and other damage that is typical with aluminium siding. Fibre cement does not become brittle and then crumble and flake away, like asphalt roofing shingles typically do. The material also does not hold mould and mildew and is very fire resistant, so it's a good choice for any area with heavy rainfall or high humidity levels, as well as any home at risk of lightning strikes or brushfires.\nYou may assume fibre cement looks like concrete, but this material can be painted and shaped to resemble a wide range of other materials, including metal, brick, stone, wood, and slate. If you've always wanted a slate or metal roof but couldn't afford the installation costs, or like the look of stacked brick or stone for the exterior of your home, fibre cement can be a good alternative. An installer can create a unique look with various shapes and colours so that your home's exterior surfaces look their best while still being affordable and durable.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.altamet.com.au/consulting/alan-taylor/", "date": "2016-05-30T16:16:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464051036499.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524005036-00060-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9214150309562683, "token_count": 295, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-22__0__136180410", "lang": "en", "text": "Alan Taylor has 40+ years’ experience in the metallurgical, mineral and chemical processing industries in Australasia, New Zealand, North and South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. He has worked in metallurgical consulting, project development, engineering/construction, plant operations, plant start-up and technology development. Projects and studies have involved copper, gold/silver, nickel/cobalt, uranium, base metals, phosphates and alumina.\nSince 1985, as an independent metallurgical consultant, he has as undertaken feasibility studies, project assessment, project development, supervision of testwork, flowsheet development, basic engineering, supervision of detailed engineering, plant commissioning and peer reviews and audits. Clients have included a variety of major and junior mining, exploration and engineering companies throughout Australia and overseas.\nAlan graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering (Honours) from Durham University, UK and is registered as an AusIMM Chartered Professional Metallurgy.\nProfessional Memberships include:\n- AUSIMM (Fellow) – Australasian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy\n- AusIMM Consultants Society\n- CIM – Canadian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy\n- SME – Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration (USA)\n- TMS – Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (USA)\n- SAIMM (Fellow) – Southern African Institute of Mining & Metallurgy", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://pascomachine.fpmweb.design/thermal-spraying/", "date": "2020-02-27T19:17:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146809.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227191150-20200227221150-00012.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8877866864204407, "token_count": 718, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__146271204", "lang": "en", "text": "Thermal Spraying is an excellent repair process for worn surfaces such as (but not limited to): bearing journals (internal and external), seal fits, pump packing sleeves, mechanical seal shaft sleeves, pump impeller skirts, impeller wear rings, and sleeve bearing fits. Don’t throw your worn parts away; improve them with thermal spray and cut down on unnecessary replacement costs!\nDuring the coating there is no distortion of the part being coated. The part temperature is generally below 250˚ F (121˚ C) during the spray operation; the substrate of the part that is being coated does not get altered metallurgically. Virtually any material can be applied to any metal substrate and some plastics (including ceramics, carbides, pure metals, and alloy metals), and the application time and finish machining is very fast, reducing costly downtime.\nAt Pasco Machine, our waterjet cutting machine can perform precision quality cuts on materials from .03 inches to 6 inches in thickness. watch it perform it’s magic\nNO Material Limitation\nWaterjet cutting is an efficient and versatile way of cutting vast types of material such as composite, plastic, metal, glass, stone or rock, ceramic, and rubber. With the addition of a granular abrasive, our waterjet cutting machine can perform precision quality cuts on materials from .03 inches to 6 inches in thickness.\nNO Heat Affected Zone\nA major advantage of waterjet cutting is that no heat affected zone (HAZ) occurs due to its cold cutting method. Not only does cold cutting enable clean cuts but produces satin-smooth edges.\nNO Material Distortion\nThrough its cold cutting method, the heat exposure can be bypassed, which is especially critical for materials like metal, leading to a fine cut without edge distortion in the material. This results in a smooth and burr-free cut.\nNO Additional Finishing Process – Immediate Satisfaction\nThe high cut quality ensures a precise result the first time, avoiding additional finishing processes. This helps reduce overall project costs by saving cut time and increasing the overall efficiency of any cutting project.\nNO Hazardous Waste\nThe growing importance of environmentally friendly processes throughout the industries is becoming more apparent. A significant advantage of waterjet cutting is that it does not create any hazardous waste in the form of fumes and gases, unlike other cutting technologies.\nPasco Machine thermal spraying\nWith Intelli-MAX, the operator enters the material type and thickness, then the software calculates and controls the cutting.\nA state-of-the-art tool cutting machine\nFast cutting speeds and precision cuts leaving behind a satin-smooth edge, reducing secondary deburring operations\nCuts .03” sheets of aluminum to 6” plates of steel with precision\nWaterjet cutting results tight tolerances\nDoes not create heat-affected zones or mechanical stresses\nEnvironmentally “green” system uses only natural garnet abrasive and water in the cutting process\nOur Omax Waterjet comprises of a Dual Bridge-3 – cutting head system that can be used to increase machining capability and job speed.\nOur Waterjet software allows you to import drawings directly from other programs, works with standard DXF files to advance 3D shapes and allows all major CAD / CAM and artistic drawings programs to be imported.\nWith a built-in innovated CAD software system we are able to take an image from a scanner, digital camera or the internet and quickly convert it to a vector drawing.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://th.msasafety.com/Face-Protection/V-Gard%C2%AE-Visors/c/10901", "date": "2021-01-24T19:31:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703550617.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124173052-20210124203052-00070.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9181050658226013, "token_count": 192, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__155924432", "lang": "en", "text": "V-Gard® Visors PC for General Purpose\nMSA polycarbonate visors reliably protect against impact, chemical splash and UltraViolet radiation. They are the perfect solution for general and basic applications and can be worn with helmet-mounted ear muffs.\nV-Gard® Mesh Visors for General Purpose Applications\nMSA V-Gard Mesh Visors provide maximum ventilation in humid working conditions. Lightweight and durable – great for outdoor applications such as brush clearing and trimming. Ideal combination with helmet-mounted ear muffs.\nVisor for Radiant Heat/Elevated Temperatures\nThese special visors are thick, molded and reflective coated to protect against damage from impact, radiation and heat. The reflective coating reflects at least >60% of InfraRed from the surface of the visor, away from the wearer. Ideal for hot working conditions, such as foundries, steel mills, and blast furnaces.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.rssupply.com/product/thermulate-ibc2-heating-jacket-for-275-330-gallon-ibc-totes/", "date": "2017-11-21T21:04:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806426.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121204652-20171121224652-00681.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8147339820861816, "token_count": 257, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__14227276", "lang": "en", "text": "Our Thermulate IBC2 is ideal for customers requiring liquids to be heated as rapidly and evenly as possible.\nTwo high power heating circuits (1550 watts each) enable the top and bottom of each jacket to be separately controlled with built-in thermostats, each adjustable from 0-90C (0-194F).\nBlack nylon fabric outer layer, high-temperature silicone-coated glass-cloth inner layer.\nHigh grade thermal insulation to reduce heat loss and increase efficiency while providing protection for the operator.\nFits both 275Gal and 330Gal totes, specific lids available for each size to reduce heat loss to a minimum.\nFitted with adjustable retaining straps and quick release buckles.\nDelivers heat over a large surface area, minimizing the possibilities of damaging the product.\nFit and forget – no regular maintenance required. Safe to use 24/7.\nAmbient temperature: -40°F to +104°F(-40°C to +40°C).\n3100 Watts at 120 VAC.\n7 ft (2m) premium oil, water, and abrasion resistant SOOW power cable.\nETL certified to UL and CSA standards.\nWaterproof and custom sizes available.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.borastapeter.com/en/environment-sustainability", "date": "2020-01-22T07:49:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250606872.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122071919-20200122100919-00442.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9372401833534241, "token_count": 562, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__127504220", "lang": "en", "text": "Environmentally friendly wallpapers\nOur goal is sustainability\nBoråstapeter is a modern company that takes an active approach to sustainability, from idea right through to finished product. In choosing wallpapers from Boråstapeter, you are choosing non-toxic, environmentally friendly wallpapers made in our own factory just outside Borås, Sweden.\nIt is our responsibility to ensure that the environment and sustainability are always in our minds when implementing any ideas, decisions or actions. Boråstapeter’s wallpapers should be as environmentally sound as they are artistic. Beautiful, environmentally friendly wallpapers, completely free of harmful substances.\nThe raw materials used in our wallpapers are supplied exclusively by northern European paper groups that practise sustainable forestry. We do not use PVC or harmful solvents in production, and we work only with water-based inks and surface treatments that we can safely process at our own treatment plant.\nWe are constantly striving to reduce our energy use in wallpaper production, and we are also trying to reduce waste throughout the entire process, from roll production to printing.\nThe waste generated by our production plant in Borås is disposed of and turned into district heating for the town of Borås. And, when you receive your finished rolls of wallpaper from Boråstapeter, you will see they are packaged in recyclable materials.\nOur production maintains the highest standards in environmental and safety requirements. Which is why all of Boråstapeter’s wallpapers are made in Sweden and CE-labelled in accordance with European standards for wallpaper.\nThis environmental certification (SS-EN15102) means that our wallpapers follow the EU directive on emissions of formaldehyde, heavy metals and a range of other harmful substances, while meeting a number of basic requirements relating to health, safety, functionality and more.\nAll production takes place at our factory in Borås, Sweden, and we use a base paper that is both easy to work with and a strong and durable EasyUp material. All of this ensures that you can wallpaper with no mess, minimal preparatory work and, above all, a clear conscience, without compromise to the environment.\nSince 2018, WallVision Sweden AB has been FSC-certified. This means that we print our wallpapers on FSC-certified materials. Which in turn means that you can rest assured that the raw wood material used to produce our paper and non-woven wallpapers comes from sustainably managed forests. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international organisation that works to ensure that forests are managed in an environmentally, socially and economically responsible way.\nMore information about the FSC can be found at www.fsc.org.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.wellservicegroup.com/cellars/", "date": "2018-05-26T02:23:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867277.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526014543-20180526034543-00203.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9301332831382751, "token_count": 347, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__208470374", "lang": "en", "text": "Our High Density Polyethylene cellar is built with a steel reinforced profile which provides durability and stability. The steel prevents buckling and eliminates concerns of typical profile wall HDPE. It’s lightweight so that it can be easily handled and quickly installed. Its high performance in crack resistance, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity make it a popular choice for a variety of projects. Our HDPE cellars range from 6 to 8 feet but can also be prepared to a specific size.\nCustom Fabricated Cellars\nDurability is crucial, which is why our custom fabricated cellars are built with half inch steel plate and are welded together to create a solid, water-tight seal. Each cellar has four exits for Flare Line; optional ladders can be built for easy access and prevents the need for a confined space permit. Well Service Group also includes a recessed lid for each cellar which provides a safe walking environment for foot traffic. Need a custom size? No problem. We can fabricate our cellars to any custom size based on the needs of the project.\nThe Tinhorn Cellars are a basic cellar and are a great economically friendly option. They are built with corrugated steel and, like our other cellar options, can be sized to any project. Secondary services included with our Tinhorn Cellars are delivery, installation, and plastic application.\nWell Service Group provides delivery and installation services for all of our types of cellars. We contribute our own installation equipment including Excavators, Skid Steers, Loaders, and more. No matter the cellar, Well Service Group has a number of different techniques to seal containment to the cellars to create a water tight seal.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.sanitaryware.co.za/toilet-brush-holder-8538-pol", "date": "2021-10-23T18:46:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585737.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20211023162040-20211023192040-00115.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8905081748962402, "token_count": 636, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__251225563", "lang": "en", "text": "The wall mounted toilet brush and holder with a frosted glass bowl is finished off with the same square design on the back plate as the rest of the 8500 series. The glass bowl is secured with a stainless steel ring and silicone insert. Easy to remove for cleaning purposes, the glass bowl holds one toilet brush and handle. The brush and handle can be purchased separately should you need to replace it. The stainless steel frame and toilet brush handle will not rust and are perfect for the bathroom environment.\nA toilet brush needs to be handy and easy to access when needed, but discreetly placed beside your toilet. Choosing a toilet brush that can be easily maintained and that is always within reach, will make bathroom life much simpler.\n- Glass bowl, toilet brush head and handle are all individually replaceable\n- Stainless Steel construction ensures durability\n- Easy to install\nFixing System: RIGID Loc Mounting System\nThis product uses our patented RIGID Loc mounting system which is designed to ensure the bathroom accessory remains secure to its mounting and will not rotate.\nMaterial: GRADE 304 Stainless Steel\nStainless Steel has a natural resistance to corrosion and therefore does not require any protective coating which makes this material ideal for the bathroom environment. The shiny polished finish of Stainless Steel is often confused with a Chrome finish, however the two could not be more different. While Stainless Steel will not peel or flake, Chrome products on the other hand are susceptible to chipping and pitting due to the nature if a coated product.\nCleaning and Care:\nTo keep your product in pristine condition, simply wipe it down with a warm damp cloth and then buff dry with a microfiber cloth. You could also, on occasion use a Chlorine-free stainless steel cleaner to maintain the shine. If you use stainless steel polish, make sure it is abrasive free. When cleaning wall surfaces around your bathroom accessories do not use any household detergents that may contain Chlorine based chemicals such as bleach as it will cause permanent damage to the surface of the stainless steel product.\nWhat’s in the box:\n8538 Toilet Brush and Holder\nFischer UX 6mm Plastic Plugs (2 pieces)\nWall Screws (2 pieces)\n2.5mm Allen Key (1 piece)\nInstallation Instructions (1 piece)\nTools needed (not supplied):\nDrill & Drill bits\n6mm Diamond drill bit – if drilling through ceramic tiles\n6mm Masonry drill bit – if drilling into Masonry (Brick)\n- Check for water pipes before deciding where to drill\n- In Masonry walls, always drill a smaller pilot hole first for better sizing and location accuracy\nProduct Dimensions: 114mm(w) x 149mm(d) x 385mm(h)\nWarranty: 15 Year Limited Guarantee\nSuitable to be installed: Masonry or Concrete surface (wall fixings supplied), Tiled surface (wall fixings supplied), Dry wall - mounting onto stud (wall fixings not supplied), Glass (using Bathroom Butler glass mountings - optional extra)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.sandhautomation.com/", "date": "2021-07-24T06:59:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150134.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20210724063259-20210724093259-00297.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9053626656532288, "token_count": 220, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__83344651", "lang": "en", "text": "|Manufacturers of Pneumatic / Hydraulic Tube & Wire Bending Machines|\n|815 Commerce Dr.\nBryan, OH 43506\n|At S&H Automation we build tube and wire bending machines for the automotive and related industries.\nWith many years of combined experience, we have built hundreds of dedicated bending machines for the automotive companies. We have the capabilities of producing equipment to form material from 14 GA hard drawn wires to 3/4\" heavy wall tubing, with sizes ranging from less than 2\" in length to over 17' in length. Our experience is not limited to metal forming. We are proficient in producing assembly equipment and nylon bending equipment, including the automatic insertion of various end connectors and in-line leak testing.\nThe website shows our facility as well as the size and capability of machinery.\nWe look forward to quoting your dedicated bending machinery needs. Let our design staff help with your tooling needs. Please contact us today for a quote.\n|© 2004-2013 - S & H Automation & Equipment Co., Inc.\nAll Rights Reserved", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://protech.mc/en/service-covering/", "date": "2024-03-03T06:22:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476205.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303043351-20240303073351-00736.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9093680381774902, "token_count": 331, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__41873126", "lang": "en", "text": "- Infinite customisation possibilities\n- High-quality films\n- Perfect finish\nGive your vehicle a unique style.\nWe propose coating the painted surfaces of your vehicle as per your specifications and provide you with a wide range of incredibly realistic 3D-effect materials and colours.\nStylish, athletic, trendy or original Style, let your imagination run free and follow the advice of our experts.\nA tailor-made service\n2 -YEAR GUARANTEE*\nvery high-quality films\nThe products of our wrapping range, \"Patterned Effects\" materials, consist of high-quality multilayer cast films which can withstand most chemicals (alcohol, petrol, diluted acids, oil, fuel, etc.).\nWith a thickness equivalent to the paint coat of your car, these materials offer you an unparalleled resistance. Their adhesion is immediate and permanent 24h after their installation.\nOur teams install films in a precise manner so it is practically indistinguishable from the paint. Our experts shape the film in accordance with the specific characteristics of every section so that it perfectly matches the shape of the surface. This performance will meet your exacting requirements.\nno damage upon application\nThe quality of our films means that your vehicle will regain its initial condition once the film has been removed.\nadapted maintenance method\nUpon completion of the service, we give you the adapted ProTech® product and accessory to maintain your film-wrapped surfaces.\nWe offer up to 2 year* guarantee on our films against peeling, scratching, bubbling and discoloration.\n*to be confirmed by your ProTech® expert according to regional terms.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://megall.com.cn/cn/product-31720-71103.html", "date": "2023-09-23T05:21:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506479.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923030601-20230923060601-00804.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8360621333122253, "token_count": 169, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__226573053", "lang": "en", "text": "1. Natural: 100% natural fiber pulp, healthy, harmless and sanitary to use.\n2. Non-toxic: no toxic substance or odor is released even in high temperature or in acid/alkali condition;\n100% food contact safety.\n3. Microwaveable: safe to be used in microwave oven and refrigerator.\n4. Biodegradable and compostable:100% biodegrade within two month.\n5. Recyclable: renewable; reuse to make paper.\n6. Water and oil resistance: 212°F/100°C hot water and 248°F/120°C oil resistant,\nno leakage and distortion within 3 hours.\n7. Top quality with competitive price.\n8. Variety of sizes and shapes available. Customers design acceptable.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://subibo.store/what-are-the-characteristics-uses-and-environmental-impact-of-polyester-yarn/", "date": "2024-02-27T03:58:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474670.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227021813-20240227051813-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9454776048660278, "token_count": 732, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__20518430", "lang": "en", "text": "Polyester yarn is a synthetic fiber that has gained significant popularity due to its versatile nature, durability, and affordability. In this comprehensive discussion, we will delve into the characteristics, uses, and environmental impact of polyester yarn. By exploring its properties, applications, and ecological footprint, we can gain a deeper understanding of this widely used textile material.\nPolyester yarn is derived from a polymer called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is made from petroleum, a non-renewable resource, which raises concerns about its sustainability. However, the manufacturing process of polyester yarn has undergone significant advancements to reduce energy consumption and minimize its environmental impact. Modern techniques now involve recycling PET bottles to create polyester yarn, promoting the circular economy and reducing waste.\nPolyester yarn possesses several desirable characteristics. It is highly durable, making it resistant to stretching, shrinking, and wrinkling. This attribute contributes to its widespread use in the production of clothing, home furnishings, and industrial textiles. Polyester yarn is also known for its excellent strength, enabling it to withstand wear and tear, making it suitable for high-stress applications such as outdoor fabrics and upholstery.\nAdditionally, polyester yarn has a low moisture absorption rate, meaning it dries quickly and is resistant to mildew and rot. This feature makes it ideal for outdoor apparel, swimwear, and sports equipment. Polyester yarn also exhibits good color retention properties, allowing it to retain its vibrant hues even after prolonged exposure to sunlight, washing, and general wear and tear.\nThe versatility of polyester yarn is reflected in its diverse range of applications. It is widely used in the textile industry for the production of garments, including shirts, dresses, and sportswear. Its ability to blend seamlessly with other fibers, such as cotton, wool, and rayon, expands its applications and enhances fabric performance. Polyester yarn is also employed in the manufacturing of home textiles, such as curtains, beddings, and upholstery, due to its durability and resistance to fading.\nBeyond the fashion and interior design sectors, polyester yarn finds extensive usage in technical textiles. These include geotextiles for erosion control, automotive textiles for seatbelts and airbags, and medical textiles for sutures and implants. The strength, resilience, and versatility of polyester yarn make it a preferred choice in these specialized areas.\nWhile polyester yarn offers numerous advantages in terms of performance and affordability, its environmental impact has raised concerns. The production of polyester yarn requires significant amounts of energy, and the extraction of raw materials contributes to carbon emissions. Furthermore, the disposal of polyester products poses a challenge due to their slow degradation in landfill sites.\nHowever, advancements in recycling technology have offered a potential solution. By transforming discarded PET bottles into polyester yarn, the environmental impact can be mitigated. Recycling polyester reduces the demand for new raw materials, conserves energy, and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. This process promotes a circular economy by turning waste into a valuable resource.\nIn conclusion, polyester yarn is a versatile and widely used synthetic fiber with several desirable properties. Its durability, strength, and low moisture absorption make it suitable for various applications, ranging from fashion and home textiles to technical and industrial uses. While concerns about its environmental impact exist, recycling initiatives have emerged to address these challenges and promote sustainability within the polyester industry. By understanding the characteristics, uses, and environmental implications of polyester yarn, we can make informed decisions about its utilization and work towards a more sustainable future for the textile industry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.2wheel.com/parts-unlimited-standard-inner-tube/_/0350-0333.html", "date": "2023-01-29T16:29:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129144110-20230129174110-00432.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8959963321685791, "token_count": 147, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__217891913", "lang": "en", "text": "Parts Unlimited Standard Inner Tube - 4.00/4.60-16, 120/90-16 - TR-4 Valve Stem\nManufactured to the highest quality as approved by all the Japanese motorcycle manufacturers.\nAvailable in standard and heavy-duty versions.\nEach tube is individually boxed with a full range of sizes and valve stem types clearly marked on each box end.\nWide range of sizes available for rim diameters from 8in. through 23in.\nReal butyl tubes made from 100% butyl polymer, unlike other butyl tubes, which are blended with butyl polymer and natural rubber.\n100% butyl tube minimizes natural air leakage while maintaining air pressure for a longer period of time.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://kentresinsolutions.co.uk/resin-driveways-dispelling-myths-and-misconceptions/", "date": "2023-12-02T16:03:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00196.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9278427958488464, "token_count": 630, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__25230767", "lang": "en", "text": "Introduction: Resin driveways have gained popularity for their durability, aesthetic appeal, and low maintenance. However, like any emerging trend, there are bound to be myths and misconceptions surrounding them. In this enlightening blog post, presented by Kent Resin Services, we aim to debunk common myths and shed light on the facts about resin driveways, helping you make informed decisions about this innovative landscaping option.\nMyth 1: Resin Driveways Are Expensive\nFact: While resin driveways might have a higher upfront cost than traditional materials like concrete or asphalt, they offer long-term savings due to their low maintenance requirements and extended lifespan. Their durability justifies the investment over time.\nMyth 2: Resin Driveways Are Only Suitable for Modern Homes\nFact: Resin driveways are incredibly versatile and can complement various architectural styles. With various colours, textures, and patterns, resin driveways can be tailored to suit modern and traditional homes.\nMyth 3: Resin Driveways Are Slippery and Unsafe\nFact: Resin driveways are designed to be slip-resistant. They can be finished with textured surfaces or anti-slip additives to ensure safety, even in wet conditions.\nMyth 4: Resin Driveways Require Constant Maintenance\nFact: Resin driveways require minimal maintenance. Regular sweeping and occasional power washing are sufficient to keep them looking their best. They are also less prone to cracking and crumbling compared to traditional surfaces.\nMyth 5: Resin Driveways Are Prone to Fading\nFact: High-quality resin driveways are UV-stable and formulated to resist fading over time. Proper installation and using premium materials can ensure that your driveway maintains its vibrant colour for years.\nMyth 6: Resin Driveways Are Difficult to Install\nFact: Resin driveways require professional installation to ensure a proper, even finish. While the process involves multiple steps, experienced installers can complete it efficiently, and the driveway can often be used shortly after installation.\nMyth 7: Resin Driveways Are Not Eco-Friendly\nFact: Resin driveways can be environmentally friendly. They are permeable, allowing rainwater to infiltrate the ground and reducing runoff. Some resin materials are also formulated using recycled materials, making them a sustainable choice.\nMyth 8: Resin Driveways Are Prone to Cracking\nFact: Resin driveways are flexible and resistant to cracking. Unlike concrete, which can crack due to freezing and thawing, resin driveways are more adaptable to temperature changes and ground movement.\nConclusion: Kent Resin Services is dedicated to providing accurate information about resin driveways and dispelling myths and misconceptions. By understanding the facts, you can decide whether a resin driveway is the right choice for your property. Resin driveways offer a range of benefits, including durability, versatility, and low maintenance, making them a viable option for enhancing your property’s aesthetics and functionality. As with any landscaping investment, it’s crucial to work with reputable professionals to ensure a quality installation that maximises the benefits of resin driveways.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://stackpole.workable.com/jobs/1074307", "date": "2019-09-24T09:17:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572896.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20190924083200-20190924105200-00376.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9018179178237915, "token_count": 530, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__193335164", "lang": "en", "text": "Advanced Engineering Metallurgist (or Metallurgical Engineer)\nAre you looking to apply your skills with a company that has a long track record of growth and success? Stackpole International designs and delivers solutions for customers around the globe. We combine world-leading expertise in fluid power solutions and powder metal technology with world-class product and process engineering to solve our customers’ most difficult challenges. We have earned their trust by honoring our commitments.\nWith Corporate Services in Ancaster, Ontario, we operate from manufacturing facilities and technical centres throughout North America, Europe and Asia. Because we are a Johnson Electric company, we offer leading-edge capabilities in electrification. Our in-house development, test and manufacturing capabilities are focused on a unified goal: delivering high-quality, high-performance assemblies, components and systems for the applications of today and tomorrow.\nWe are looking to add a new member to our Advanced Engineering Technical Services team based in Mississauga, Ontario. Travel throughout Southern Ontario may be required.\n- Perform short term failure investigation projects on ferrous and non-ferrous automotive components\n- Generate concise reports under tight timeframes and suggest appropriate problem root causes\n- Develop analytical methods and instructions to enable use of standardized test methods\n- Supervise laboratory technicians in implementation of written work instructions\n- Maintain detailed records of analytical results. Analyze test results for reasonableness, completeness and appropriateness to the problem\n- Work with external analytical laboratories to develop a resource network of most appropriate analytical techniques\n- Liaise with internal and external customers during analytical investigations\n- Advise on selection of analytical methods and laboratory equipment\n- Minimum undergraduate degree in Materials Science/Metallurgy\n- Expertise in optical and electron microscopy is an asset\n- Knowledge of advanced materials analytical methods will be an advantage\n- Practical experience of execution of failure analysis projects\n- Experience in interpretation of steel microstructures will be essential, knowledge of ferrous powder metallurgy materials and microstructures is a definite asset\n- Knowledge and interest in strength of materials, microstructures and effects on mechanical properties will be preferred.\nWhat we offer...\n- Full-time employment\n- Competitive salary, benefits and pension\n- Intercultural team\n- Regular information meetings and social events\n- Great colleagues and work climate\n- Training and Development opportunities\nAccommodation will be provided in all parts of the hiring process as required under Stackpole’s Accessibility for Ontarians Policy. Applicants need to make their needs known in advance. We value diversity and inclusion and encourage all qualified people to apply.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.tsbsteel.com/en/about-us/", "date": "2023-12-01T23:42:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100308.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201215122-20231202005122-00312.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9203802943229675, "token_count": 173, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__160170162", "lang": "en", "text": "Established in 2007, with a registered share capital of 400,000,000 Thai Baht, we have achieved substantial growth at our advanced 112,000 sqm facility, where the development and implementation of the latest manufacturing standards and practices has allowed us to steadily expand our production capacity to over 350,000 tons per annum. We are now widely recognized as one of the country's leading experts in steel production, innovation and manufacturing for the Thai construction industry.\nOur market leading steel business offers the following products:\n- Round Bar\n- Deformed Bar\n- Angle Bar (Future Product)\n- Channel Bar (Future Product)\nAt T.S.B. Steel we endeavor to continuously monitor and implement the very latest production techniques and manufacturing processes to ensure our business model is efficient, compliant and delivers the best in product quality to our customer base.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.richardsonmetals.com/services/custom-aluminum-enclosures/", "date": "2023-12-10T06:32:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101282.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210060949-20231210090949-00546.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9259782433509827, "token_count": 840, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__172135676", "lang": "en", "text": "At Richardson Metals Inc., we specialize in the production of high-quality metal products for use in electrical applications, among others. For more than 40 years, we have been a leader in metal fabrication products due to our reliable and accurate parts and methods. We provide aluminum, brass, copper, bronze, stainless steel, and plastic projects to fit our customer’s needs.\nOur aluminum enclosures, specifically, can be designed and produced to fit your specifications for a variety of industrial applications. At Richardson Metals, we are a member of the Aluminum Extruders Council (AEC), which means we are consistently working to find the most effective solutions and best information to create the highest quality aluminum enclosures possible.\nWhat Are Aluminum Enclosures?\nAn aluminum enclosure is a custom-made aluminum shape, used to protect material placed inside. The enclosure, or extrusion, is created by heating aluminum and aluminum alloys, and then pushing the metal through a die to outfit the specified shape. Commonly used die shapes include hollow, semi-hollow, rods, and other standard shapes. The die can be formed to meet the client’s request, both in shape and dimensions.\nAt Richardson Metals, we rely on the use of two different aluminum types, 6061 and 6063. They are both popular choices for enclosures and extrusions due to their superior strength, merchantability, formability, and surface finishing. Aluminum enclosures can be for electronic use or non-electronic use. Some non-electronic uses include sports equipment, such as bike frames and skates. It also is commonly used for boat equipment, due to its lightweight nature. Aluminum enclosures also can be decorative pieces, and are used in home and business construction.\nElectronic Aluminum Enclosures by Richardson Metals\nAluminum is a durable metal that offers strong heat and corrosion resistance, which makes it a popular choice for electrical enclosures. We are able to create aluminum enclosures that demonstrate accurate tolerances of ± 0.005. Many industries rely on the use of electronic aluminum enclosures, which include aerospace and military, construction, medical, and telecommunications.\nAerospace and military: Due to aluminum’s ability to function in both high and low temperatures with little to no maintenance, it is an ideal choice for aerospace and military applications. Aluminum enclosures and other components are commonly found on the International Space Station.\nConstruction: Besides decoration, aluminum enclosures are commonly used in the construction of buildings. This can include exterior support pieces and interior enclosures that contain and lessen the energy consumption of electronics.\nMedical: Because of aluminum’s extreme tolerances it is a popular choice for the strict requirements of the medical field. Common uses include hospital beds and vital testing equipment.\nTelecommunications: Aluminum applications are an ideal choice for telecommunication equipment, such as cables and satellites. The lightweight metal reduces the cost of installation and is effective at conducting electricity across long ranges.\nThe use of aluminum enclosures also is extremely common in specific electronic applications due to its noise and emission reduction properties. These specific applications include:\n- Chemical plants\n- Electric vehicle charging equipment\n- Manufacturing plants\n- Mining, oil, and gas facilities\nAll of our products, including aluminum enclosures, are closely inspected by our quality team, who can provide post-run optical comparisons, inspections, samplings, and certificates of conformance with all of our extrusions, if required.\nContact Richardson Metals for Your Custom Aluminum Enclosure Needs\nAt Richardson Metals Inc., we have the facility, team, and experience to create the best possible aluminum enclosure to safely protect your electronic equipment. We have provided this service for a range of industrial clients for 40 years, and can do it for you, too. Our dedicated and knowledgeable staff has the expertise to manufacture your metal project — aluminum enclosure or otherwise. We are dedicated to quality, which is why we focus on small- to medium-size production runs with an emphasis on timely and satisfactory delivery. Request a quote to start the process of securing electronics with a custom aluminum enclosure today.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://midstatecontainers.com/collections/insulation/products/stick-framed-r13-insulation-drywall-finish-40-high-cube", "date": "2024-04-19T18:06:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817442.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419172411-20240419202411-00739.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8774226307868958, "token_count": 373, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__83695646", "lang": "en", "text": "- 2x3 wood framing\n- R13 fiberglass insulation\nDrywall, fiberglass insulation, and wood framing can collectively transform the interior of a shipping container, making it a habitable and comfortable space. Drywall, a popular interior wall material, is a versatile building component that enhances the aesthetics and structural integrity of the container. It is composed of gypsum plaster pressed between layers of paper and provides a smooth, paintable surface, offering a clean and finished appearance to the interior.\nFiberglass insulation is a crucial component in creating a thermally efficient environment within the container. Installed within the wood framing, fiberglass insulation helps regulate temperature, preventing heat loss in cold climates and heat gain in warm ones. This insulation material is known for its cost-effectiveness, fire resistance, and sound-absorbing properties, making it an ideal choice for creating a comfortable and energy-efficient interior.\nWood framing serves as the structural skeleton for the interior modifications of a shipping container. By affixing wood studs to the container walls, a framework is established to support the drywall and insulation. Wood framing allows for the installation of doors, windows, and other fixtures, providing flexibility in designing the interior layout. Additionally, it facilitates the incorporation of electrical wiring, plumbing, and other utilities.\nThe synergy of drywall, fiberglass insulation, and wood framing addresses both aesthetic and functional aspects of container modification. Drywall creates a polished appearance, fiberglass insulation ensures thermal comfort, and wood framing offers structural support and customization possibilities. This combination transforms a rugged shipping container into a livable space suitable for residential, office, or commercial use. The insulation provided by fiberglass and the finishing touch of drywall contribute to an environment that is not only visually appealing but also energy-efficient and conducive to various activities.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://dljjzx.com/about/", "date": "2024-03-01T01:07:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474893.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229234355-20240301024355-00431.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7951909899711609, "token_count": 457, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__118528586", "lang": "en", "text": "Yingkou Botian Material Technology Co., Ltd. was established in 2010. It is a high-tech enterprise, gazelle enterprise in Liaoning Province and safety production standardization enterprise, which mainly focuses on R & D, production and sales of graphite products. The company is located in the iron and steel production area of Yingkou Laobian Industrial Park, which is supported by the \"Twelfth Five-Year Plan\" of Liaoning Province. It covers an area of 70 mu, with registered capital of 10 million yuan and more than 150 employees. The main products are natural flake graphite, including medium carbon graphite, high broken graphite and high purity graphite, and the annual production capacity of high purity and high carbon graphite is 30,000 tons.\nThe company attaches great importance to product quality control and research and development, has carried out technical exchanges and research and development cooperation with a number of universities and colleges, now has a number of national invention and utility model patents, to create their own unique product advantages. The company has more than 20 technical research and development personnel, and has built 300 square meters of research and development center, complete research and development and testing equipment with strong quality assurance system.\nSince its inception, the company has been building with a high starting point, high standards, strict requirements and strict management guidelines, and strives to build products with advanced production equipment and efficient management team to provide customers with continuous satisfaction. Now through and obtained ISO9001 quality management system certification, IS014001 environmental management system certification and IS045001 occupational health and safety management system certification graphite products obtained SGS certification (halogen ROHS and REACH) products indicators meet the needs of domestic and foreign customers.\nThe company through years of technological accumulation and development of innovation, graphite production line year-round continuous operation, stable and reliable capacity, can ensure continuous and stable delivery, while strictly control product quality, products are widely used in the field of refractory production. The company has been adhering to the \"abide by the credibility, people-oriented\" business philosophy and \"continuous improvement, scientific and technological innovation\" management faith, won a good reputation and reputation in domestic and foreign customers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.marketresearchbase.com/2019/12/08/global-waterborne-architectural-coatings-market-key-companies-profile-their-market-share-and-other-important-parameters/", "date": "2020-08-07T01:35:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737050.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200807000315-20200807030315-00182.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8436025381088257, "token_count": 570, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__85121736", "lang": "en", "text": "On the basis of resin type, Acrylic waterborne coating has witnessed the largest market share and expected to be dominant throughout the forecast period due to the durable properties of the resin. On the other hand, in terms of Application, Architectural & Automotive holds THE largest market share with increase in adoption of waterborne coatings in emerging and developed countries and pigment dispensability.\nThe waterborne coatings industry is witnessing high growth because of growth in its applications areas, government regulatory support, and growing demand in the Asia-Pacific region. Waterborne coatings are largely used in waterborne coating applications. Rapid growth of the waterborne coatings market is driven by environmental concerns and increasingly stringent regulations.\nAccess Report Details at: https://www.themarketreports.com/report/global-waterborne-architectural-coatings-market-research-report\nThe global Waterborne Architectural Coatings market is valued at xx million US$ in 2018 is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.\nThis report focuses on Waterborne Architectural Coatings volume and value at global level, regional level and company level. From a global perspective, this report represents overall Waterborne Architectural Coatings market size by analyzing historical data and future prospect. Regionally, this report focuses on several key regions: North America, Europe, China and Japan.\nKey companies profiled in Waterborne Architectural Coatings Market report are Basf, Akzonobel, Ppg Industries, Rpm International, The Sherwin-Williams, The Valspar, Axalta Coating Systems, Nippon Paints, Kansai Paint, Tikkurila, Berger Paints Indiaand more in term of company basic information, Product Introduction, Application, Specification, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019), etc.\nPurchase this Premium Report at: https://www.themarketreports.com/report/buy-now/1421540\nTable of Content\n1 Waterborne Architectural Coatings Market Overview\n2 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Market Competition by Manufacturers\n3 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Production Market Share by Regions\n4 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Consumption by Regions\n5 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type\n6 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Market Analysis by Applications\n7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Waterborne Architectural Coatings Business\n8 Waterborne Architectural Coatings Manufacturing Cost Analysis\n9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers\n10 Market Dynamics\n11 Global Waterborne Architectural Coatings Market Forecast\n12 Research Findings and Conclusion\n13 Methodology and Data Source", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://rbeey.com/products/brown-6-inch-soft-toe-leather-work-boots-ak436-909044410", "date": "2023-01-28T11:13:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499541.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20230128090359-20230128120359-00506.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8843717575073242, "token_count": 297, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__124611400", "lang": "en", "text": "Men's 6 Inch Brown Work Boots, Steel Toe, Slip Resistant, Electrical Hazard Protection, Rubber outsole, CoolMAX, Chemical/Acid Resistant, Heat Resistant, ASTM F2892-18 EH\nOiled Crazyhorse Leather - High quality performance leather that is water resistant and durable.\nPORON Materials - With Microban technology provides consistent, reliable and long-lasting protection, while keeping your foot comfortable.\nCoolMAX - Temperature Control, Moisture Wicking, Quick Dry.\nElectrical Shock protection - ASTM F2413 EH compliant, protection against electrical shock up to 18000V\nRubber Outsole - Rubber outsole with slip resistant tread that is chemical, oil, heat and acid resistant. Heat resistant up to 500°F\n- Wide Width, width is an indication of the space in the ball of the boots. Give your toes more space so they do not feel cramped. For exact measurement please refer to the size chart.\n- Safety Rating - ASTM F2892-18 EH\n- Size in men's size, for women's size simply add 1.5. IE Men's US 6 would be equivalent of Women's US 7.5\n- 6 Inch tall, Rubber outsole\n- Shaft measures approximately 5.5'' from arch\n- Platform measures approximately .75\"\n- See work boots with zipper", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://learntopaint.shop/products/art-spectrum-series-950-stiff-synthetic-brush-flat-size-12", "date": "2024-02-26T12:34:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474659.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226094435-20240226124435-00051.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.878593921661377, "token_count": 156, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__148151907", "lang": "en", "text": "Art Spectrum® Series 950 Brushes\nDeveloped in Europe for Art Spectrum®, the new Series 950 stiff synthetic brush range is an excellent example of the latest synthetic fibre advancements. The strength and special mix of these new interlocked fibres create a brush perfectly suited for impasto work. The fibres’ elasticity resists the brush head spreading under pressure therefore enabling precise brushstrokes whilst keeping the original shape intact even after intensive use.\nStiff synthetic brushes are often too rigid and have a tendency to drag the paint across the canvas surface. Art Spectrum® Series 950 allows the artist to lay paint down with complete control.\nThe Series 950 has a nickel-plated brass ferrule and is available in Round, Flat, Filbert and Bright in 10 sizes.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.aceoccasions.com/2023/in-depth-particle-sizing-for-cutting-edge-rd-projects.htm", "date": "2024-04-14T01:44:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00242.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8960517048835754, "token_count": 608, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__89203589", "lang": "en", "text": "Particle sizing is a critical component of cutting-edge research and development R&D projects in a multitude of fields, ranging from pharmaceuticals and materials science to environmental monitoring and nanotechnology. Accurate and in-depth particle sizing plays a pivotal role in characterizing and optimizing the performance of various products and processes. By determining the size distribution of particles within a sample, researchers can gain invaluable insights into the physical properties, behavior, and quality of the materials under investigation. In pharmaceutical R&D, for example, the precise sizing of active pharmaceutical ingredients APIs and excipients is paramount. The efficacy and safety of drug formulations often hinge on the uniformity of particle size distribution, which affects factors such as dissolution rate, bioavailability, and drug release kinetics. For this reason, advanced particle sizing techniques like laser diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and image analysis are employed to scrutinize particle properties.\nThese methods not only help in the formulation of dosage forms but also enable the development of novel drug delivery systems, ultimately leading to more effective and targeted therapies. In the realm of materials science, the size and shape of particles significantly impact the characteristics and performance of materials. Whether it is designing high-strength composites, developing advanced coatings, or tailoring the properties of ceramics, particle size analysis is indispensable. Researchers use methods like scanning electron microscopy SEM and transmission electron microscopy TEM to delve into the microstructural details of materials, discerning the distribution of nanoparticles and micron-sized particles. This knowledge is pivotal for optimizing material properties, enhancing mechanical strength, and ensuring consistent product quality. Environmental research benefits greatly from particle sizing as well. Monitoring the size distribution of aerosol particles, pollutants, or microplastics is crucial for understanding their dispersion, transport, and potential health and environmental impacts visit ats lab. Advanced particle sizing techniques are pivotal for assessing the efficacy of air filtration systems, tracking the movement of airborne contaminants, and studying the dynamics of particulate matter in aquatic ecosystems.\nBy gaining a comprehensive view of particle size and distribution, environmental scientists can devise effective strategies for pollution control and remediation. In nanotechnology, where materials are manipulated at the nanoscale, precise control over particle size is imperative. Nanoparticles exhibit unique properties and behaviors that can be harnessed for a wide range of applications, from drug delivery and electronics to catalysis and energy storage. Characterizing and controlling nanoparticle size is fundamental in nanotech R&D, enabling the fine-tuning of material properties and the development of groundbreaking technologies. In conclusion, particle sizing is an indispensable tool for researchers across various disciplines engaged in cutting-edge R&D projects. It empowers scientists and engineers to understand, manipulate, and optimize materials and processes at the micro and nanoscales. The ability to control particle size and distribution enhances the quality and performance of products, ultimately driving innovation and shaping the future of industries as diverse as pharmaceuticals, materials science, environmental science, and nanotechnology.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://permavoid.todosmedia.com/products/ancillaries/permatie/", "date": "2021-10-22T16:30:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585516.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022145907-20211022175907-00645.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.926735520362854, "token_count": 227, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__281651912", "lang": "en", "text": "The strength of a raft of Permavoid units is not only determined by the strength of the units but depends on the strength of the joints in between the units too. The Polypropylene PermaTies are designed to be slightly conical so they pull the individual units tightly together to form a rigid raft. For the Permavoid 150 two ties per joint are used (one inserted from each side) where for the Permavoid 85 and 85S one PermaTie per joint suffices. The PermaTies are white, so during installation one can easily spot where one is missing.\nEven though the PermaTies tighly bind the Permavoid units into a raft, the PermaTies can be removed easily to deconstruct the raft without damage, enabling the user to re-use the system many times over. This is the key feature of the Permavoid subbase solution for temporary situations.\n“The units are designed with tomorrow’s world in mind. Made from 100% recycled materials now, and again 100% recyclable in the future.”", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.fallingwallsfragments.com/2017/11/08/lighter-planes-and-climate-gains/", "date": "2020-01-18T10:15:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250592394.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200118081234-20200118105234-00484.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9388908743858337, "token_count": 384, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__209311852", "lang": "en", "text": "Yukiko Ogawa, from Japan’s National Institute for Materials Science, is on a mission to create lightweight metals. Steel is the most commonly used structural material, but it has a lot of iron, which is heavy. Magnesium-based alloys could present new opportunities. The benefits are clear: lighter planes will save fuel, lighter electronics will increase computing power per unit volume, and lighter medical devices will decrease strain on elderly patients. The problem, however, is that magnesium has poor “formability” – it can’t be molded into shape very easily. Ogawa circumvented this issue by adding occasional atoms of scandium into the crystal structure, modifying its shape. The resulting alloy was twice as strong and could “snap back” to a previous conformation, potentially signifying “a new generation of lightweight metals.”\nMexico’s cultural connection with corn runs deep, but when Javier Larragoiti-Kuri visited a cornfield as a child, he witnessed a new layer of the industry. He didn’t like what he saw. Farmers were only using the corn kernels for food – a tiny percentage of the overall biomass – while “the rest of the plant became agricultural waste,” burned to ash. Larragoiti-Kuri, now a scientist at the Universidad Iberoamericana, hoped to kill two birds with one stone, addressing the corn waste issue while improving Mexico’s dire nutritional issues. He’s isolated a natively occurring yeast organism, which can ferment corn stover into xylitol, a low-calorie sugar substitute. By avoiding biomass burning, up to 40% of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions could be mitigated, and less glucose could help the 10 million Mexicans with diabetes. Not a bad outcome of a school field trip.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ace.polaris.com/en-us/shop/apparel/protective-gear/2868850/", "date": "2019-09-19T08:44:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573465.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190919081032-20190919103032-00115.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8471002578735352, "token_count": 166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__31963671", "lang": "en", "text": "- Mesh construction for tough duty durability\n- 2 replaceable Active Carbon filters\n- 1-way discharge valves remove condensation\n- Adjustable nose clip; prevent lens fogging\n- Adjustable Strap for Universal Fit\n- Protection from harmful airborne fine particles: organic chemicals, bacteria, smoke, allergens, odors, dust, and more.\nF1 Active Carbon Filters\nF1 is our standard filter consisting of two filter layers, the outer particulate filter and the internal active carbon element. The outer layer of the F1 filter is capable of trapping particulates fown to .1 microns in size. The inner layer, known as the Active Carbon element is effective towards fumes and odors. Combining the two technologies, this filter has been laboratory tested to be 99.9% effective.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://devopsdays.org/events/2019-des-moines/speakers/christopher-hunt/", "date": "2024-04-14T02:29:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00404.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9406903386116028, "token_count": 127, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__47432065", "lang": "en", "text": "Christopher Hunt is the Quality Engineering Manager at Accumold, a world leader in high-volume precision micro molding specializing in microelectronics, medical technology, wearables, optics, and emerging technologies. He and his team are responsible for the conformance of all plastic components produced across their micro, small, and lead frame injection molding production systems. Christopher joined Accumold in 2016 after working for a medical device manufacturer in Production Engineering and Quality Engineering roles. Christopher earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University and is a certified Six Sigma Green Belt and Scrum Product Owner.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://electroless.co.nz/what-is-borenide-h/", "date": "2023-12-07T14:18:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100674.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207121942-20231207151942-00288.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9091165065765381, "token_count": 470, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__209984077", "lang": "en", "text": "What is BorENide-H?\nWhen your application requires a hard coating that is slippery and non-stick then BorENide-H is recommended. The surface of this coating has a very low coefficient of friction making it ideal for high slip and dry lubrication applications.\nBorENide-H is a medium phosphorus Electroless Nickel(MPEN) coating with encapsulated particles of hexagonal Boron Nitride(hBN). The particles average 1 micron in size and are distributed uniformly through the deposit. The BorENide-H deposit is designed to have the characteristics of very low coefficient of friction(high slip) and low stiction(high non-stick properties).\nThe coating offers advantages over EN+PTFE(Teflon) in all areas excepting corrosion resistance. Because the BorENide-H solution is based on medium phosphorus EN, the corrosion resistance of the coating will be less than EN+PTFE because this coating is deposited from a high phosphorus EN(HPEN)solution. Generally, HPEN coatings are highly passive, inert and unreactive and therefore have very superior corrosion resistance compared to MPEN but this difference becomes blurred when particles are deliberately co-deposited within the coating. This is because the EN plating solutions used for this application also contains unique surfactants and dispersants. For the applications for which the BorENide-H coating isintended, corrosion resistance is not really an issue.\nThe advantages of BorENide-H coatings over EN+PTFE are as follows:\n1/ Harder coating – approx 48 RockwellC vs approx 30 RC for EN+PTFE.\n2/ Lower coefficient of friction and lower stiction compared to EN+PTFE. This has been demonstrated in practice.\n3/ Melting point(mp) of the BorENide-H deposit is 880-890Celsius. The benefits of low coefficient of friction and low stiction are maintained up to the mp.\nWith EN+PTFE, the coating can only be subjected to a continuous temperature of 260Celsius and at 327Celsius, the PTFE begins to melt and decompose. Above 260Celsius, volatile and toxic PTFE monomers are given off.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.quantumchemical.com/news", "date": "2020-05-29T20:30:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347406365.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529183529-20200529213529-00025.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9390981197357178, "token_count": 505, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__138830104", "lang": "en", "text": "Things are heating up at Quantum with testing of our improved protective fire resistant coatings becoming an almost daily event in our Fire Test Lab. Our in-house testing is moving us close to our goal of independent testing and listing of more robust structural steel protection. Our fire testing capabilities now include: ASTM E119; UL 1709; CANULC-S101; ASTM E1354\nBrand New Brand\nQuantum Technical Services Ltd. introduced our new image that more accurately reflects our active research and development in the global market and average annual growth of 15.5% since our inception ~21 years ago. This year we've added a completely new product brand - ILLUSTRIUM™.\nQuantum is excited to announce the addition of new fire test equipment and dedicated fire test room, increasing our test offering to include the following tests: ASTM E119; UL 1709; CANULC-S101; ASTM E1354.\nWe look forward to assisting you in the near future with your test requirements according to the above standards. Please contact us for further information and pricing on these tests based on your specific requirements.\nQuantum Study on the Performance and Durability of Polyurea Containment Liners versus Polyethylene Based Geomembranes. This study compared the durability and large scale puncture performance of our state-of-the-art polyurea geomembranes as tested and compared to various polyethylene materials.The truncated cone test (Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture, ASTM D5514) was used to determine a critical cone height for a 60 mil polyurea liner and 60 mil HDPE liner.\nQuantum was one of a select number of recipients to receive a financial contribution from Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Western Economic Diversification under the Western Innovation Initiative (WINN). This included development of fire retardant structural steel protection and evolved further into the development of an innovative fire retardant coating for secondary containment.\nQuantum moved into its own in April, 2010 when the company made a Quantum Leap from a leased property in Edmonton to an expanded new property in St. Albert. Within two years space was already limited and by early 2014 construction was underway to significantly increase Quantum's floor space.Most notably will be the expansion to Quantum's core business of research and development. A new test lab with additional test equipment will allow for optimum product integrity as new products evolve.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://corp.thinkedu.com/our_team/jennifer-schmidt/", "date": "2024-03-04T02:06:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476409.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304002142-20240304032142-00612.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9032228589057922, "token_count": 117, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__46867855", "lang": "en", "text": "Jennifer Schmidt is the Senior Simulation Instructor at the American Injection Molding (AIM) Institute, Moldflow® Certified Expert, and GM Certified Moldflow® Analyst. She is also a Senior Design Engineer for Beaumont and has nearly twenty years of plastics industry experience. In addition to her Autodesk® Moldflow® consulting and training, Jennifer manages and performs simulation consulting projects for a variety of plastics industry organizations. Jennifer previous work history includes Hot Runner Designer and Flow Simulation Specialist roles. She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Plastics Engineering Technology from Penn State Erie.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://anadnet.com/blog/how-do-you-select-ms-materials-in-solidworks/", "date": "2023-11-29T19:05:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100135.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129173017-20231129203017-00404.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8737512230873108, "token_count": 547, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__144181359", "lang": "en", "text": "SolidWorks is a powerful software tool used by engineers and designers to create 3D models of various products. One of the key aspects of using SolidWorks is selecting the right materials for your designs. The choice of materials can greatly impact the final product’s strength, durability, and appearance.\nWhy is Material Selection Important?\nSelecting the appropriate material for your design is crucial because it determines how your product will perform in real-world conditions. Different materials have different physical properties, such as strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. These properties directly affect how a part will behave under stress or when exposed to different environmental factors.\nStep 1: Understand Material Requirements\nBefore selecting a material in SolidWorks, it’s important to understand the requirements of your design. Consider factors such as load-bearing capacity, temperature resistance, chemical compatibility, and aesthetic appeal. This will help you narrow down your options and choose a material that meets all these criteria.\nStep 2: Accessing Material Library\nSolidWorks provides an extensive material library that includes a wide range of commonly used materials. To access this library, go to the “Material” tab on the right side of the screen and click on “Edit Material.”\nStep 3: Browsing Materials\nOnce you are in the material library, you can browse through different categories of materials using the navigation panel on the left side. The categories include metals, plastics, composites, and more.\n- Bold text: Use bold text to highlight important tips or key points.\n- Underlined text: Use underlined text to draw attention to important information or links.\nUse lists to organize information in a clear and concise manner.\nStep 4: Previewing Materials\nTo get a better understanding of how a material will look on your model, you can preview it by selecting the material and clicking on the “Preview” button. This will display a visual representation of the material’s appearance, including its color, texture, and reflectivity.\nStep 5: Applying Materials\nOnce you have chosen the appropriate material for your design, you can apply it to specific parts or features in SolidWorks. Select the desired part or feature and then choose the material from the library. You can also customize material properties such as density, thermal conductivity, and more.\nSelecting materials in SolidWorks is an important step in the design process. By understanding the requirements of your design and accessing SolidWorks’ material library, you can make informed decisions about which materials to use.\nRemember to consider factors such as strength, durability, thermal properties, and aesthetic appeal when selecting materials for your designs.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://sandyquan.com/qspevdu/efubjm-13-34", "date": "2022-07-07T10:04:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104690785.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707093848-20220707123848-00150.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9049421548843384, "token_count": 253, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__159160875", "lang": "en", "text": "The AC series is put inside the stopper cylinder in order to block moving objects and to stop it. There are automatic compensation model and adjustable model.\nAutomatic compensation model: The design of the external pressure cylinder is composed of a one-piece structure; the structure is compact and safe, so as to avoid deformation of the piston rod caused by the oblique angle impact during machine operation. In order to reduce the friction between the end face of the piston rod, it is recommended that the interface surface to be designed for rolling friction.\nAdjustable model: In order to avoid the adverse effects caused by the off-angle impact, the piston rod adopts a two-stage structure. In this structure, there is a unilateral eccentricity adjustment ranging from 0° to 270°, which can effectively increase the adjustment range.\nOuter pipe: AISI1215 and STKM11A oxidized black, and the nickel plating treatment enhances rust resistance\nPiston rod: hard chromium plating treatment and special seals for longer lifespan\nPiston: We adopt materials with excellent wear resistance to ensure long-lasting and stable cushioning\n※ For shell specifications, please contact us for further details.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.fiskinc.net/product/winch-gasket-kit/", "date": "2024-04-19T07:57:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817382.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419074959-20240419104959-00085.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8853389620780945, "token_count": 385, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__147682338", "lang": "en", "text": "Seal any open housings on your winch or propane tank with the Winch Gasket Kit from Fisk Tank Carrier.\nWinch Gasket Kit\nThe Winch Gasket Kit features nine non-metallic gaskets. These products are resistant to many chemicals and perfect to use for high-temperature and high-pressure sealing applications. Winch gaskets are suitable winches on a trailer. They will prevent fluids from leaking out and water from getting in, so sealing your winch with our durable gaskets will prolong its life.\nPropane Tank Gasket\nInspecting your propane tank O-ring for cracks or deterioration every time before use is essential. When your propane seal is damaged, it can cause a gas leak. Our winch gaskets are a reliable, long-lasting sealant perfect for a propane tank gasket replacement. In the kit, you will find a gasket that is easy to install and matches the size of your propane tank.\nThe Winch Gasket Kit has gaskets made with compressed non-asbestos fiber (CNAF). These gaskets are created using a sheet material containing a combination of fibers and a rubber binder, usually made from EPDM, nitrile, SBR or neoprene. The material offers chemical resistance and durability without the toxicity of asbestos fibers. CNAF gaskets can be used with oils, gases, solvents, dilute acids and different water temperatures.\nAdd Propane Tank Gaskets to Your Cart\nWhen it comes to propane tanks, it is critical to have a dependable and long-lasting gasket. The Winch Gasket Kit provides a wide variety of seals that work well with propane tanks. Buy this helpful kit now or contact us to learn more about it!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://degzrobotics.com/product/hicom-4-ethernet-communication-tether-twisted-pair-polyurethane-floating-tether/", "date": "2024-04-25T08:45:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297290384.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425063334-20240425093334-00312.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7992215156555176, "token_count": 392, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__155456862", "lang": "en", "text": "Hicom 4 – Ethernet Communication Tether – Twisted Pair Polyurethane Floating Cable\n4 Twisted Pair Floating Tether is a communication cable with high strength and neutral buoyancy, which is especially preferred in underwater applications.\nThanks to the polyurethane outer insulation cover, it has high strength and flexibility. Polyurethane cover is much more resistant to breakage and tear than other types of materials.\nThe core of the cable contains Kevlar strands for strength and Dacron fibers for space filling. Dacron fibers are combined with a water-blocking compound to prevent leaks caused by nicks in the cable. High visibility yellow polyurethane foam cover resists abrasion and provides neutral buoyancy.\nThe flexibility of the cable is designed to be high enough to give ROV’s plenty of freedom.\n4 Twisted Pair Floating Tether\n|30 – 200 m\n|100 – 650 ft\n|Minimum Working Bend Diameter\n|Buoyancy in Freshwater\n|Buoyancy in Saltwater\n|2 Twisted Pairs, 26 AWG\n|DC Resistance @ 20°C\n|Insulation Resistance @ 500 VDC\n|> 1640 MΩ/km\nFor more tether options, click here.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://images.bijouled.co.uk/apara-m53", "date": "2017-04-24T01:29:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118950.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00349-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9529452919960022, "token_count": 135, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__250950408", "lang": "en", "text": "APARA is a French costume jewellery brand that was founded in 2015. Aiming to stand out by using innovative materials, APARA makes its jewellery from silica, a natural raw material, extracted from minerals such as flint, quartz or even opal. Silica is turned into and shaped by a distinctive know-how to obtain the final result, silicone.\nAPARA jewellery is light in weight, flexible, durable, hypoallergenic, waterproof, soft and very comfortable to wear, with a natural shape memory. Whether it be chic or casual, APARA jewellery can be worn for all occasions and gives your look a contemporary touch.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.hybridjoist.com/fr/entreprise", "date": "2019-12-14T02:44:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540579703.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20191214014220-20191214042220-00068.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7925242185592651, "token_count": 186, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__79499928", "lang": "en", "text": "Nous sommes désolés mais la section en anglais est présentement en construction.\nWe're sorry but the English section is currently under construction.\nHYBRID JOIST is the inventor and producer of a brand-new, innovative engineered wood product: the Open Web Wood HYBRID JOIST. This silent floor system, whose maximum floor span tables comply with the Canadian Construction Materials Centre (CCMC) vibration criteria, is manufactured in Québec in a state-of-the-art facility. At HYBRID JOIST, we have also developed our own specialized computer software to make structural calculations for our open web wood floor hybrid joists.\nIn addition, HYBRID JOIST supplies several other components required in floor construction, such as blocking, columns, hangers, pony walls, rim boards, wood I-joists and LVL (header) beams.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://spmgroup.unileoben.ac.at/de/2384/", "date": "2018-10-19T11:21:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512395.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20181019103957-20181019125457-00427.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9496802687644958, "token_count": 205, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__167447616", "lang": "en", "text": "The SPM Group Leoben under supervision of Prof. Dr. Christian Teichert has a history of more than 10 years.\nAt the moment the group has 3 AFMs at its disposal. One of them is combined AFM/STM from Omicron for UHV operation. In addition we have in house access to a fourth shared AFM (together with the IPWK). The Omicron AFM is attached to our UHV organic molecular beam epitaxy, equipped with a ion source, QCMB and an electron beam heater.\nIn our second lab we have to drop shape analysis devices from Kruess, to measure wetting properties and surface free energy of solids and liquids. Most important in the context of our group is that one of them can make droplets as small as 100pl.\nResearch is of course focussing on surface properties. However, of particular interest is the self-organization of nano and micro scale structures. The investigated mesoscopic structures", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.tre-ag.com/commodities/what-are-rare-earths.aspx?sc_lang=en", "date": "2017-03-29T15:09:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190753.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00148-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8143604397773743, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__265433221", "lang": "en", "text": "What are Rare Earths?\nRare earths (\"REE\") actually comprise 17 chemical elements, all belonging to the third group in the periodic table of elements.\nREE are conventionally sub-divided into two categories, these being:\n- Light rare earth elements (\"LREE\"), comprising Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm); and\n- Heavy rare earth elements (\"HREE\"), comprising Europium (Eu), Gadolinium (Gd), Terbium (Tb), Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Erbium (Er), Thulium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), and Luttetium (Lu)and Yttrium (Y)\nRare earth elements do not occur naturally as metallic elements, they occur in a range of minerals that includes oxides, carbonates, phosphates and halides. A total of approximately 200 REE minerals have been identified.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.advancecg.com/variance/ArenaProjects.html", "date": "2021-12-09T14:14:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964364169.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20211209122503-20211209152503-00600.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7349652647972107, "token_count": 215, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__78725965", "lang": "en", "text": "Arena™, Sand finish\nRough sand finish with an old world texture.\nWith Arena™ an aged, old world textured finish or a more subtle sand finish can be achieved. Arena™ adds an extra dimension of color and texture not seen in traditional stucco. A color wash technique increases mottling and richness.\nArena™ is a 100% Acrylic Polymer Based, Opaque, crack resistant, sanded, trowel applied plaster finish.\nArena™ may be used for interior or exterior applications over properly prepared substrates, including new or existing drywall. May also be applied over cement or gypsum base coats or existing plaster surfaces.\nPackaging: 5.0 Gallon (65 Ib) pail 1.0 Gallon (13 Ib) pail\nColors: Arena™ is available in the 24 standard Variance colors or may be custom colored upon request.\nCoverage: 150-300 square feet (20-24 m sq) per 5.0 Gal pail", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.wonderfulwaterloo.com/showthread.php?t=42&page=5&p=13662", "date": "2013-05-19T10:23:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697380733/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094300-00026-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9403786063194275, "token_count": 326, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__151211250", "lang": "en", "text": "That's not the insulative properties of glass, that's the insulative properties of air. Air is a great insulator. That's why our best insulating materials (fibreglass, foam, cellulose, etc.) are designed to contain large air voids. Glass by itself is a relatively poor insulator. You could sandwich 10 feet of air between any substance and obtain similar performance, it's not very practical though and it's an incredible waste of space.\nAs far as multiple pain glass system go (typical residential windows), even the most efficient are only about R-5 or so. A typical 4\" exterior wall is about R-15. Windows are where the vast majority of energy is lost in the winter time, followed by walls and then the roof (due to the roof having a large amount of insulation present (R-30 or more)).\nAs a Mechanical Engineer, I have performed many heating and cooling calculations.\nThe numbers if you would like:\nThermal conductivity of glass...1.1 W/(mK)\nThermal conductivity of air...0.025 W/(mK)\nFor reference, the thermal conductivity of wood ranges from about 0.04-0.4 W/(mK).\nThe higher the number, the more efficiently the substance can transfer thermal energy.\nSo glass conducts heat 44 times better than air.\nLast edited by Urbanomicon; 08-06-2010 at 03:44 PM.\n\"Only the insane have the strength enough to prosper. Only those that prosper may truly judge what is sane.\"", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dicksonsprayfoaminsulation.com/dickson-tn-attic-insulation.html", "date": "2024-03-04T04:12:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476413.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304033910-20240304063910-00687.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9360955953598022, "token_count": 654, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__90924502", "lang": "en", "text": "Attic Insulation Dickson, TN\nAttic insulation is without question the most important insulation in a structure. As a premier insulation contractor in Dickson, TN, Dickson Spray Foam Insulation uses the highest quality spray insulation available. Our closed-cell foam technology surpasses blown-in fiberglass and cellulose in retarding moisture, sealing drafts, and excellent R-value.\nWhy Should You Insulate Your Attic?\nAttic insulation provides one of the best returns on investment a homeowner can make. Energy prices are rising, but the return on investment provided by insulation increases as well. As a rule of thumb, most building codes require a minimum of R-38 insulation in an attic, but some northern US states may require as much as R-60. Depending on the design of the home, adequate insulation can reduce energy costs exponentially, not to mention the environmentally friendly reduction of energy use.\nThere are other reasons for installing spray foam insulation. For example, some of our clients are not just looking for home insulation, but sound proof insulation as well. Our spray foam insulation process can dampen unwanted outdoor noise that can easily penetrate under-insulated exterior walls and garages.\nHow Does Attic Insulation Work?\nInsulation does its job by resisting the transfer of heat. In other words, insulation keeps cool air separate from warm air. Interestingly, insulation does this by trapping air inside the material, as air is one of the best insulators available. Spray foam insulation traps these air pockets as the material cures, providing an even resistance to thermal transfer anywhere it is applied. Because the spray foam insulation is self-adhering, it also sticks to nearly any surface.\nAs a leading insulation contractor, Dickson Spray Foam Insulation technicians use spray foam to get into tiny spaces. Most attic insulation materials, like blown-in fiberglass and cellulose, simply lie on top of the drywall wherever they happen to fall. Allowing the insulation to fall into place can result in areas of the attic to remain uninsulated simply because the material cannot get into areas that are difficult to access. Spray foam insulation is technologically superior to these materials because it seeps into these areas and stops the drafts they cause.\nDoes Spray Foam Insulation Work in Vaulted or Cathedral Ceilings?\nYes. In fact, homes with vaulted or cathedral ceilings are one of the best applications for spray foam insulation. In the past, vaulted and cathedral style ceilings could really only be insulated with batts that were a hassle to install and tended to compact. The self-adhering nature of spray foam insulation allows the material to not only remain in place, but retain its shape, preventing any settling that might negatively affect the performance. Spray foam insulation can also be applied in various thicknesses, making it adaptable to nearly any situation.\nOur commitment at Dickson Spray Foam Insulation is to provide our customers in Dickson, TN with world class attic insulation services, professionalism, and stellar customer service. We understand that our job is very important, and we take it seriously by using only the best materials and technicians available anywhere. Contact us today and let us show you how we can help.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.superproductsllc.com/applications/industrial-vacuum-cleaning/", "date": "2020-04-08T14:19:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371818008.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408135412-20200408165912-00231.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8838849067687988, "token_count": 563, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__138133979", "lang": "en", "text": "Industrial Vacuum Cleaning\nWhat is an Industrial Vacuum Loader?\nIndustrial vacuum loaders are truck-mounted industrial-strength vacuum cleaning units designed to pneumatically convey dry, slurry (semi-liquid, semi-solid), or liquid material through a vacuum hose, into a container, often mounted on the truck-mounted equipment as part of the vacuum cleaning system.\nSince they offer a safe and reliable solution to cleaning up industrial waste and debris, as well as recovering and recycling valuable raw materials, industrial vacuum systems are an asset to today’s environmental protection efforts.\nTheir collector bodies, baghouses, vacuum pumps, and control panels are engineered for reliable and safe performance in extreme conditions, as well as for efficient maintenance. These robust industrial vacuum loaders are extremely versatile, making them well-suited to meeting the demands associated with removing a variety of materials from a variety of locations.\nA wide array of materials can be effectively vacuumed with industrial vacuum loaders. Solids, dry bulk powders, liquids, slurries, and thick sludge can all be vacuumed successfully.\nSuper Products’ Supersucker® Industrial Vacuuming Systems can handle abrasives, alumina, asbestos, brick, carbon, catalysts, cement, chemicals, clay, coke, coal, dolomite, dust, fertilizer, fly ash, fluorspar, foundry sand, grain, grit slag, oxides, lime, metal chips, mill scale, oil spills, ore, paint chips, pellets, rocks, sludges, and slurries.\nTruck-mounted industrial vacuum loaders can remove materials from remote or inaccessible areas, easily, quickly, and cost-effectively. The versatility of Super Products’ Supersucker® Industrial Vacuuming Systems enables them to remove materials from barges, breechings, bridges, clarifiers, collectors, cooling towers, conveyors, cranes, elevators, exhaust tunnels, flues, furnaces, heat exchangers, heavy machinery, hoppers, holds, precipitators, reactors, screen settling tanks, sewers, silos, sludge beds, sumps, spills, tanks, thickeners and tube bundles.\nA host of industries rely on industrial truck-mounted vacuum loaders for the removal of materials from numerous locations.\nSuper Products’ Supersucker® Industrial Vacuuming Systems offer the ideal removal solution for bulk material recovery, power plants, cement plants, lime and coal plants, pulp and paper plants, chemical and petro chemical applications, foundries, mining, minerals processing, copper and aluminum manufacturing, steel mills, dust collectors, bridge painting clean-up, railway ballast removal applications, and the glass industry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://frigotherm.co.za/shell_tube_heat_exchangers.htm", "date": "2019-07-19T01:52:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525973.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20190719012046-20190719034046-00342.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8920338749885559, "token_count": 711, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__51749510", "lang": "en", "text": "Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger\nDownload Enquiry form for Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger\n- Fixed tube plate\n- O-ring seal\n- Floating tube plate\n- Drain socket\nView large image\nThe STH consists of a tube bundle inserted into a shell pipe. One media flows inside the tubes whilst the other flows outside the tubes (inside shell). Both media cross one another and exchange heat at a given temperature difference without mixing. The cooling media is usually water.\nTypical applications for the STH are lubrication oil coolers for rock crushers, gearboxes and bearings, hydraulic power packs, air compressor/blower after & inter coolers, condensers & evaporators and gold elution.To ensure optimal flow conditions up to 4 passes on the tube side are standard. The number of baffles on the shell side is varying and dependant on volume flow. Cross-counter flow must be used in multi-pass and pure counter flow is always employed in single-pass applications.\nAll water headers are sandblasted and epoxy coated for additional corrosion protection.On request an additional zinc anode can be inserted into the headers.Floating and fixed tube bundle arrangements are all standard.To further improve heat transfer the thinnest possible tube walling is employed and “dead areas” avoided to the fullest extent possible.\nThe STH have merits that are often crucial, such as very low-pressure loss on the primary side and the ability to operate at high temperatures and pressures. Easy inspection and cleaning is possible during maintenance due to its construction.For high temperature applications up to 600°C a special design is offered whereby each tube is individually sealed with heat resistant seals.This allows for high temperature differences between any two media in the STH and small overall sizing resulting in compact design.\nFrigotherm uses custom built design, selection and costing software also suitable for special media and materials to convert clients’ specifications into optimal quotations.\nOCC100-300 Series STH\nA series of standardised shell & tubes with effective surface areas between 1 and 35 m2 and shell sizes between 80 and 300NB are available.\nView large image\nMaterials of tubes:\n- commercial quality carbon steel\n- stainless steel G316 and G304\n- copper nickel alloy 90/10\n- copper nickel alloy 70/30\nLimiting condition of operation:\n- max pressure 20 bar shell and tube\n- max temperature 180°C\n- max oil flow 35-1100L/min\n- heat duty 3-500kW\n- face gaskets: CAF, Nitril Cork\n- O-Rings: PTFE, Viton, NBR\nAs an alternative to plain tubing we can offer finned tubing on the shell side. This is useful when low heat transfer takes place on the finned area and high heat transfers on the tube inside – i.e. high viscosity oils or gases on the fin outside and water on the inside.\nDouble seals with a leak indication hole are available - useful in applications where cross-contamination due to O-ring damage is unacceptable and must be avoided.\nPort connections can be supplied to client requirements. Standard connections include threaded BSP sockets and flanged connections for higher pressure and volume flows.\nThe OCC series can be installed horizontally or vertically. It is secured with pre-mounted brackets bolted onto the shell flange and can be rotated at various angles.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.ecosoundbarrier.com/Cost-Savings.html", "date": "2016-02-07T12:45:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701149377.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193909-00285-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9098771810531616, "token_count": 177, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-07__0__30087358", "lang": "en", "text": "Cost Savings Calculator.\nHow much money will you save using Eco Sound Barrier instead of precast?\nThe Eco Sound Barrier cost savings calculator shows you a material cost comparison by using Eco Sound Barrier panels instead of traditional precast.\nTraditional precast barriers have been used for many years, but today Eco Sound Barrier has been developed as a revolutionary product made of lightweight composite materials. These steel and composite materials reap high cost savings over traditional precast barriers because they're quick and easy to unload, resulting in lower fuel costs.\nAnother great benefit of using Eco Sound Barrier panels is the fuel savings gained by using far fewer trucks to transport materials than traditional precast barriers.\nIf you're interested in saving money by using Eco Sound Barrier panels for your next project or would like more information, call 1-800-759-7474 to speak with a representative or click here.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://samalamswestcoastvinyl.com/products/silhouette-night-trees-4-sublimation-mug-wrap", "date": "2024-03-05T11:30:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707948234904.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20240305092259-20240305122259-00828.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8900327682495117, "token_count": 136, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__47222201", "lang": "en", "text": "Sublimation Mug Wraps are designed for straight sublimation mugs.\n11oz 9 x 4\"\n15oz 9 x 4.3\"\nSublimation transfers are printed using high quality sublimation paper and inks. Sublimation transfers require a heat press and properly coated sublimation products. Sublimation transfers are good for one time use only.\nIt is recommended to press onto white/light coloured substrates as sublimation inks are translucent. This means that if you are pressing onto a coloured surface, it will affect the colour of the transfer and anything shown as white on the transfer will be the colour of your substrate.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dmimetals.com/product/rheinzink/", "date": "2023-09-21T15:37:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506028.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921141907-20230921171907-00027.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8946506381034851, "token_count": 884, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__301236874", "lang": "en", "text": "RHEINZINK® is the world’s leading manufacturer of architectural-grade titanium zinc products for standing seam roofing, wall panels, wall tiles, and roof drainage systems. For over 50 years, RHEINZINK® has been producing this very popular, modern material that offers a wide scope for design and is a material that can be recycled infinitely without the loss of its chemical or physical properties. RHEINZINK® provides extreme longevity and an elegant appearance, making it an ideal cladding material.\nAvailable in the following colors\nDOWNLOAD OUR RHEINZINK ROOF AND WALL PANEL SHEETS\nRHEINZINK is available in the following DMI Roof Panel Profiles:\n- Double Lock – DL10\n- Double Lock – DL15\n- Double Lock – DL20\n- Tapered-Seam Double Lock:\n- DL10, DL15 & DL20\n- Compound Curve Snap-On Seam:\n- SS10 & SS15\n- Curved- Radius Double-Lock\n- DL15 & DL20\nAlso available in coils, flat sheets and several wall panel profiles (see “Wall Applications” tab above)\nRHEINZINK is available in the following DMI Wall Panel Profiles:\n- Horizontal Wall Panel Series\n- Flush Panel Series\n- Bermuda Panels\n- Diamond Panels\n- Flat-Lock Panels\n- Custom Profiles\nAlso available in coils, flat sheets and several roof panel profiles (see “Roof Applications” tab above)\nMaterial with a Future\nIn the context of the discussion on sustainable construction, the environmental compatibility of building products is given great significance and accordingly influences the making of decisions by building owners and planners when selecting materials. In this focus, in addition to a long life, an important consideration is the expenditure of energy during the manufacture of the material, the recycling rate, and the energy saving to be made as a result of the high recycling rate.\nIn the case of RHEINZINK the environmental compatibility traditionally has a high value. Ecological yardsticks are already set during the extraction and processing of the raw material: The consumption of energy is extremely low. The most modern of production facilities reduce\nemissions to a minimum. RHEINZINK is a 100 % recyclable and sets a yardstick with a life of many decades in use. Its use as a roof covering, facade cladding and roof drainage alone is accorded a high value: Since the consumption of energy in the recycling amounts to only around 5 % of the primary energy content and today in the market for used metals a value of up to 60% of the raw material price for high-purity zinc is achieved, the decision to use RHEINZINK is also of great benefit to future generations. Thanks to the high recycling rate of over 95 % a further reduction of the energy requirement is achieved. In the RHEINZINK manufacturing process production scrap is passed to the melting\nprocess without further pre-handling.\nIn addition to exemplary ecological characteristics, RHEINZINK is convincing in terms of its aesthetic appearance. It can be delivered in various product lines and versions.\nRHEINZINK PATINA is the classic line. The bright rolled version (perPATINA bright rolled) first takes the form of a natural patina in the course of time – due to atmospheric influences. With the preweathered variants prePATINA blue-grey and graphite-grey, the natural material\nhas on the first day a classical, typical zinc blue-grey or graphite-grey appearance. On the other hand the preweathered variants of this product line change again during the course of the year, the blue-grey and graphite-grey appearance of the RHEINZINK-PROTECT LINE is protected from aging in the longer term by an invisible coating.\n- Natural material\n- Natural patina formation\n- Tried and tested processing characteristics\n- For roof, facade, roof drainage and architectural details\n- Ductile and frost-resistant\n- Long life and maintenance-free\n- 100 % recyclable", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.murraylegge.com/news/2014/12/4/pickled-plywood", "date": "2019-09-22T10:53:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575484.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922094320-20190922120320-00359.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9288204908370972, "token_count": 274, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__48849876", "lang": "en", "text": "Part of the design process that we really enjoy is transforming commonplace materials into something special. At the Hartstein Ramshaw house, we've been experimenting with structural elements and materials that would typically be covered over. In addition to the wall studs in the clerestory windows, we're also exposing the B-C grade plywood of the living room ceiling.\nThis construction grade utility plywood has two types of faces; the B-side is an appearance grade face suitable for high-quality staining and paint finishing, and the C-side is the rough non-appearance side with visible knots and defects. We've been working with the contractor, Gray Renovation, to explore different options to give the exposed B-side a bit more of a refined finish while still preserving the natural grain of the wood. After testing a variety of finishes and stains, we've chosen a combination of Minwax Pickling Stain with a clear polyurethane finish.\nThe pickling stain evens out the grain of the B-side with a subtle, nautical whitewash, while the clear polyurethane finish gives it a pearly luster. These test samples show the difference between a clear-coat of polyurethane and the pickling stain/polyurethane combination. More photos to come as the ceiling receives this treatment.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://portal.asu.edu.om/ar/academic/college-of-applied-sciences/coas-publications/", "date": "2019-06-19T23:10:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999066.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619224436-20190620010436-00480.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.652881383895874, "token_count": 946, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__212347252", "lang": "en", "text": "|Yahya A. Ismail, PhD\nChairperson, University Research Committee\nAssociate Professor of Chemistry & Head\nDept. of Basic Sciences\n- Fabrion/Polyaniline microfibrous mat. Preparation and electrochemical characterization as reactive sensor, Yahya A. Ismail, Jose Martinez and Toribio.F.Otero, Electrochimica Acta, 123, 2014, 501–510 , ( IF = 4.504)\n- Biomimetic Polyurethane Microfibrous Mat Templated Polypyrrole: Reactive Biomimetic Sensing Capabilities, Yahya A. Ismail, Jose Martinez and Toribio.F.Otero, J.ElectroAnal.Chem., 719, 2014 , 47 – 53 ( IF = 2.871)\n- One Actuator with several sensors in one device with only two connecting wires: Mimicking muscle- brain feed back:, Toribio.F.Otero ,Jose Martinez , Laura Valero, and Kinji Asaka and Yahya A. Ismail , Advances in Science and Technology series, Trans Tech Publishing, Vol 79, 16 -25, 2013.\n- Biomimetic polypyrrole based all three in one triple layer actuators exchanging cations, Fransisco G. Cordova, Yahya A.Ismail, Toribio F. Otero J. Materials Chemistry, 21, 17265- 17272, 2011. ( IF = 6.63)\n- Sensing characteristics of a conducting polymer/hydrogel hybrid microfiber artificial muscle, Yahya A. Ismail, Jose G. Martínez, Ahmad S. Al Harrasi, Seon J. Kim, Toribio F.Otero, Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 160, 1180-1190, 2011 (IF =4.09)\n- A Linear actuation of polymeric nanofibrous bundle for artificial muscles, Bong Kang Gu, Yahya A. Ismail, Seon J.Kim, Chemistry of Materials, 21 (3), pp 511–515, 2009. ( IF =8.53)\n|Major Conference Presentations\n- ‘A novel electroactive hydrogel microfiber with improved actuation’, Yahya A.Ismail, Su Ryon Shin, Seon Jeong Kim, MRS fall meeting2007, Boston, Massachusetts, USA , Nov. 26-30, 2007.\n- Flexible Super capacitor from Hydrogel/ conducting Polymer Microfiber, Yahya A. Ismail and Seon Jeong Kim, Oral Presentation at the Materials Research Society (MRS), Spring meeting, San Francisco, USA, April 5-9, 2010.\n- Polypyrrol/Chitosan Hydrogel Hybrid Micro Fiber As Sensing Artificial Muscle, Yahya A. Ismail, Jose G. Martínez, Ahmad S.Al Harrasi, Seon.J.Kim, Toribio.F. Otero, SPIE Smart Structure + NDE meeting, San Diego, USA, March 6-10, 2011.\n- Conducting Polymers are Simultaneous Sensing Actuators, Fransisco G. Córdova1, Yahya A. Ismail, Jose G.Martinez, Ahmad S. Al Harrasi, Toribio.F. Otero, SPIE Smart Structure + NDE meeting and 17th EAPAD conference, San Diego, USA, March 10-14, 2013.\n- ‘Conducting polymers as biomimetic reactive materials for simultaneous sensing actuator application: Mimicking muscle – brain communication’ Jose Gabriel Martinez, Yahya A. Ismail, Toribio Fernandez Otero, 247th American Chemical Society (ACS) National meeting & Exposition, Dallas (TX), USA, March 16 -20, 2014\n- Conducting polymers as biomimetic reactive sensors of the working conditions: Evidence from Polyaniline; Yahya A. Ismail, Jose Gabriel Martinez, Toribio Fernandez Otero, 2015 “International Conference on Advances in Functional Materials (AFM 2015),” Stony Brook University, NY, USA, June 29 – July 3, 2015.\nAmerican Chemical Society (ACS), USA\nSociety of Photo -Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), USA\nMaterial Research Society (MRS), USA", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sanimatic.com/how-to-meet-pharmaceutical-equipment-components-requirements/", "date": "2023-12-10T11:23:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101779.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210092457-20231210122457-00757.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.919651985168457, "token_count": 1943, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__203831526", "lang": "en", "text": "Professionals in the bio-pharm industry understand meeting pharmaceutical equipment components requirements is a rigorous task. Close attention to the evolving FDA Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations and American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Bioprocessing Equipment (BPE) standards is needed to be in compliance and ensure a hygienic process.\n“The BPE standards section for Process Components (SD-3) includes Connections, Fittings and Piping (SD-3.1) and Spray Devices (SD-3.9), which highlight design requirements, Surface Finishes (SD-22.214.171.124), and recommended flow rates for certain vessel sizes and orientations.” Pete Barrie, product manager for Sani-Matic and BPE committee member explained. “These standards guide our design and manufacturing efforts when making spray devices such as directionally drilled spray balls.”\nBrian Schaal, lead components designer at Sani-Matic explained how the team creates hygienic components that do not have established standards, “When we receive a pharmaceutical component request that doesn’t have clear industry standards, the requirements are largely determined by the customer and are end-user specific. The rest we extrapolate from established standards based on different systems or equipment such as tanks or cabinet washers.”\nCommon Features Needed for Pharmaceutical Equipment Components\nMany features must be considered in the design and manufacture of hygienic components for pharmaceutical applications:\n- Orbital welds. A weld where the welding arc that is mechanically rotated 360⁰ around an object such as a pipe for repeatable results.\n- Surface finish or surface roughness. A recommended finish for wetted and non-wetted surfaces.\n- Documentation. Turnover packages with required certifications and materials to support cleaning validation efforts.\n- BPE fittings. Fittings and tubing are the two categories within the BPE standards that can be BPE certified. All other components listed within the standard may be BPE compliant, but they are not certified.\n- Drainability. A design and construction ensuring a slope to drain.\n- Material construction. Materials such as 304 or 316L stainless steel.\n- USP Class VI certification for elastomers. The USP is an independent, non-profit organization with intent to create high-quality standards for manufacturing and distributing safe and effective medicines, supplements and food. The USP publishes biocompatibility protocols for the plastics and polymers that may encounter human tissue.\n- Tri-clamp or weld connections.\nIt’s all About the Repeatability: The Importance of Orbital Welds\nOrbital welds play a critical role in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical equipment components. BPE standards require tubing to be welded using an automated welding process to minimize the possibility of human error and achieve repeatable results.\n“It’s all about repeatability,” Scott Norton, certified weld inspector (CWI) and quality inspector for the company said. “An orbital welding system is a computer-controlled welding machine. We have programs set up for various tubing sizes, and the operator selects a program based on size requirements and runs that program. We use previously tested and modified programs for each weld setting so we know that each time a program is run, it is going to be exactly the same – every time.”\n“Alignment is also a key factor in orbital welding,” he added. “The orbital needs to be set up so the joint is exactly in line with the tungsten. Once the weld is complete, you have a perfect connection point that doesn’t require additional grinding or polishing at the connection site.”\nNorton further explained exactness is required to prevent orbital weld failures that can result in drainability issues, corrosion, and hard-to-clean areas that harbor bacteria. “Any number of reasons could lead to a failed weld,” he explained.\nTop Weld Failures and Defect Prevention\n- Misalignment. Misalignment of the tubes or other components being welded results in a ridge on the inside of the weld.\n- Lack of Fusion. A lack-of-fusion means there isn’t fusion between the weld metal and fusion faces or adjoining weld beads, resulting in a notch effect.\n- Incomplete Penetration. Incomplete Penetration is when the weld bead does not entirely penetrate the opposite side of what you are welding. For Sani-Matic, this means the full circumference of the inside diameter (I.D.) of the tubing.\n- Discoloration. BPE’s discoloration acceptance criteria for welds states no weld bead shall be discolored.\n- I.D. Concavity, also known as “suckback”. I.D. Concavity means that a cave or valley has been created on the inside diameter (I.D.) of the tubing. This can be caused by excessive purge pressure on the I.D. while welding the outer diameter. The purge gas pressure wants to “push” out on the material during the welding process, creating a cave or valley on the I.D. after the weld pool solidifies. Concavity is limited to 10% of the wall thickness by BPE standards.\n- Excessive Convexity. Excessive Convexity means that the weld bead on the outside diameter (O.D.) is no longer flush with the base metal. The weld has “sunk” creating a valley on the O.D. Convexity is also limited to 10% of the wall thickness by BPE standards.\n- Meandering weld bead. This defect occurs when the weld weaves from side to side in a serpentine pattern rather than continuing in a straight path around the weld joint, which can result in lack of fusion.\n- Porosity is pit-type defect that is formed by gas bubbles or air entrapment during solidification.\n“If we find any rejected welds, it’s included in the weld log, corrected and re-inspected,” Norton stated.\n“The inspection process is incredibly meticulous,” Norton explained. “Each weld receives a sequential number that is detailed in the weld log. It includes information about who welded it, the date, time, joint and both sides’ heat numbers. The heat numbers allow us to trace the full composition of the material used all the way back to the mine. All of that is cross-referenced and documented in the heat map, weld map and weld log, which is further supported by the borescope video recording.”\n“Each step in the process provides checks and balances to ensure 100% of the welds have been inspected, approved to meet BPE standards and thoroughly documented,” Barrie added.\nThink Inside the Pipe: Borescope Inspections\nEach weld is inspected by a Sani-Matic CWI using a borescope. A camera attached to a whip is inserted into the pipe or tube allowing the inspector to see the interior weld. Each weld inspection is video recorded and included within the documentation package.\n“The interior weld is the product contact surface in most cases. We’re looking for any pits, cracks, ridges, crevices, scratches, discoloration or other defects outside of the welding acceptance criteria outlined within BPE’s Materials Jointing (MJ) section of the BPE standards,” Norton explained.\nEnsuring Clean: Riboflavin Testing\nTo ensure spray devices are effective, Sani-Matic furthers the inspection process with Riboflavin Testing. This test includes a series of methodical steps performed by a service or engineering team member to document full spray coverage.\nTo Be Clean, Be Smooth: Surface Finish\nThe surface finish is an important final step in the fabrication process of pharmaceutical equipment components. Meeting surface finish requirements for a smooth surface decreases the likelihood of soil adhesion and bacterial contamination—and meets hygienic standards for cleanability outlined by BPE.\n“At Sani-Matic, the Ra finish, or roughness average, is completed in-house by our grinders. We take the surface finish down to a specific finish reading, which is checked with a profilometer,” explained Schaal. “Typically, the wetted finish of our hygienic components is 15 µin Ra for spray devices and 25 µin Ra for all other components.”\nBarrie added that although electropolishing (EP) is not required by BPE, customers may opt for the smooth, mirror-like surface achieved by EP, depending on their process requirements.\nDocumentation to Support Validation\nUpon completion of any system or pharmaceutical equipment components, Sani-Matic’s dedicated documentation specialists compile the necessary turnover packages (Certified As-Built Drawings, Surface Finish Certification, Weld Logs, Slope Maps, Borescope Video Documentation, etc.) required by the customer to validate their cleaning process.\nFrom engineers to certified weld inspectors and documentation specialists, each member of Sani-Matic’s team of experts plays an important role in helping its customers meet the pharmaceutical equipment components requirements.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.oldworldstoneveneer.com/resources/faq", "date": "2024-03-01T13:48:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00510.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9417521357536316, "token_count": 1301, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__141778038", "lang": "en", "text": "Frequently Asked Questions\nOld World Stone Veneer products are grouped into general styles such as Rustic Ashlar or Ledgestone for easy reference, but it is important to remember that products in the same style group may not have identical shape, size, and texture characteristics. Since products are naturally created, each individual stone type will have its own unique characteristics.\nWhat are the benefits of natural thin stone versus manufactured stone?\nNatural thin stone veneer offers many of the same benefits of manufactured stone veneer (lightweight, easy to install, no footer required) with the added benefit of being a natural product. Because natural stone products tend to be more durable than manufactured stone products, they will generally maintain their beauty much longer than manufactured stone. While all products exposed to sunlight will fade to varying degrees over time, natural stone tends to be more resistant to fading than manufactured stone. The depth and variation of color in natural stone is often much greater than its manufactured counterpart. Additionally, natural stone maintains its color throughout the piece, making it much more resilient against cutting, chipping, and breaking.\nWhere is Old World Stone Veneer quarried?\nOld World Stone Veneer is quarried from select locations around the world. If you would like more information about where a specific stone is quarried, please contact your local dealer.\nHow should Old World Stone Veneer be installed?\nOld World Stone Veneer is installed following the same basic procedures that are used for manufactured stone veneer. We recommend following the NCMA MSV guidelines for all preparatory steps; however, we strongly recommend the use of a modified thinset mortar to adhere natural stone thin veneer. These mortars adhere better to the smooth backs of sawn thin veneer than traditional Type S Mortar. Mortars should comply with the requirements of ANSI Standards A118.4 or A118.15. Contact your local dealer for additional installation information.\nWhat is the difference between a dry-stacked style application and a mortar joint/grouted application?\nFor either type of application, the surface preparation is the same (follow NCMA MSV guidelines), and the same mortar is used to adhere the stone to the wall. The difference between the two application styles only relates to the fitting of the stones and whether a mortar joint is used between the stones.\nFor a dry-stacked style application, pieces should generally be fitted together as tightly as possible with minimal gaps, which gives the pieces the appearance of being dry-stacked. Additional cutting and fitting may be required to achieve a tight fit. Mortar is used to adhere the stones to the wall, but no mortar joint is added between the stones after they are installed.\nFor a mortar joint/grouted application, the stones should be installed with a small space between each piece. The typical space is 1/4\" to 1/2\", but a larger space can be used if a larger mortar joint is desired. After the stones are installed on the wall, mortar is added to the space between the stones (typically using a grout bag). The mortar joint is usually tooled and brushed to create a smooth, finished appearance.\nHow much cutting and fitting is required during installation?\nWhile every effort has been made to choose quality products that install with ease, cutting and fitting will be required during installation. All samples and photos required cutting and fitting to create the finished product. Some stone types may require more cutting and fitting than others. It is recommended that cutting and fitting be done with a wet or dustless saw to reduce dust and potentially harmful airborne contaminates that may be present in natural stone.\nShould natural stone veneer be sealed?\nMany factors contribute to determining whether your job should be sealed. In most cases, it is not necessary to seal natural thin stone. Certain more porous stones do benefit from a coat of sealer in high exposure areas. If sealing is required or desired, the use of a breathable sealer is required. Before applying any sealer, the sealer manufacturer should be consulted to verify compatibility and applicability for your project.\nAre color variations and/or mineral deposits present in the stone?\nBecause Old World Stone Veneer is a product of nature, color variations should be expected. While every effort has been made to create photos, brochures, and samples that accurately depict the color range, due to limitations on printing and photographic technology, as well as limited amount of space on sample boards, variations should be expected. Most stone types will have a larger color and size range than can be displayed in photos and samples. Additionally, changes within the quarries themselves can lead to variations over time as raw material changes in different areas in the quarries. Mineral deposits may be present in some stones and not others. These mineral deposits lend to the beauty of the stone, but they can also lead to greater color variations, rust, or other discolorations over time. Old World Stone Veneer and its dealers cannot be responsible for natural variations or mineral deposits within the stone.\nHow can natural stone be cleaned?\nOld World Stone Veneer can be cleaned using a mild detergent and water with a stiff bristle brush. It can also be gently pressure washed; however, care must be taken to ensure that the surface of the stone is not damaged. Surrounding building fixtures should be protected when cleaning the stone surface. Acids, solvents, and harsh cleaners should not be used on natural stone products. Acids can react with the minerals in the stone and cause oxidation and discoloration. There are several cleaners that can be used to remove rust spots and oxidation. When cleaning, always test the cleaner on a small section before using it on your entire project.\nCan natural stone be used around salt water pools or areas frequently exposed to de-icing agents?\nWe recommend against using natural stone near areas where it will be directly exposed to salt. While not every stone reacts badly to salt, it can cause many undesirable effects. Additionally, salt can corrode the mortar which is used to install the stone. When de-icing areas near Old World Stone Veneer, it is important to make sure that the salt does not contact the stone directly.\nDoes Old World Stone Veneer have a warranty?\nPlease see our statement of warranty for more information.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.cisafety.co.nz/product/t380-esko-titan-380-bwf-coverall-type-5-6-sizes-s-to-4xl/", "date": "2021-03-03T04:33:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178365454.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210303042832-20210303072832-00625.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8158583045005798, "token_count": 420, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__167803069", "lang": "en", "text": "T380 Esko Titan 380 BWF Coverall, Type 5/6, Sizes S to 4XL\n- BWF—Breathable Waterproof Fabric\n- Approved for asbestos removal, meth lab decontamination and bio-hazards\n- Penetration resistance for premium protection—Chemical (EN368) and Blood (ASTM F1670)\n- 4-thread seam stitching, 3–3.5 stitches per cm, stronger seam strength compared to other brands\n- Elastic is stitched outside the coverall to avoid any possible allergy reaction\n- Auto-locking zippers, well folded-in for user comfort\n- Double sided tape on zip\n- Approved in accordance with EN1149-1 anti-static standard\n- EN1073-2 approved for protection against radioactive contamination\n- EN14126 approved for protection against biological hazards and infective agents (Types 5-B, 6-B)\n- Two-way zipper for easy access to clothing underneath\n- EN 14126 Certified to meet performance requirements for re-usable and limited use protective clothing against infective agents.\n- EN 1073-2 Certified to meet performance requirements for protective clothing against particulate radioactive contamination.\n- EN 1149 Certified workwear with anti-static properties. Electrostatic dissipative clothing with reduced risk of sparking, especially in environments where there is a risk of explosion.\n- EN 13034 Type 6 Protective clothing against liquid chemicals (type 6), provides limited protection against small spatters and fumes from liquid chemicals. Intended to be used if a full liquid permeation barrier is not necessary.\n- EN 13982-1 Type 5 Protective clothing for use against solid particulates – performance requirements for chemical protective clothing providing protection to the full body against airborne solid particulates.\nSizes: S, M, L, XL, 2XL, 3XL, 4XL\n|ESKO COVERALL SIZE CHART|\n|Intended to be used as a guide only, comfortable fit will vary for individual wearers.|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.rwsengineering.co.uk/construction/", "date": "2022-05-17T21:16:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662520817.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517194243-20220517224243-00389.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9249585270881653, "token_count": 312, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__298789001", "lang": "en", "text": "Construction & Steelwork\nRWS Engineering work with builders, architects, civil engineers, project managers, developers, development companies and home owners in the supply of steel and steel fabricated products for use within the construction industry.\nSteel is used for construction as it is renowned for its load bearing strength and durability. Structural steel is often used to create the framework or skeleton of the building and depending upon the architectural design, may be hidden within the structure of the building or on show to display its beauty.\nAs well as steel beams, columns, lintels and joists, we are able to offer the bespoke design, manufacture and erection of a vast range steel products such as:\n- New build steel frames and framework\n- Structural steel\n- Supporting steel\n- Steel frames for extensions and loft conversions\n- Steel framed terraces and balconies\n- Steel staircases and fire escapes\n- Steel balustrade\n- Railings and hand rails\n- Gates and fences\nWe are able to work from existing drawings and designs or can offer a design service.\nAccess to additional services, supplied by trusted partners, include galvanising, hot zinc spraying, shot blasting and powder coating.\nMembers of our staff are CITB accredited to SSSTS level so qualified to work on site in a safe manner, implementing the latest health, safety, welfare and environmental legislation, and work to new guidance and industry best practice.\nIf you are considering or require steel for your next construction project, please contact our professional and efficient team.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://debtsr.com/exclusive/investing-in-precious-metals-helps-protect-an-investors-portfolio/", "date": "2023-10-03T13:37:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511106.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003124522-20231003154522-00250.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9591655731201172, "token_count": 582, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__8283568", "lang": "en", "text": "While a lot of investors lost everything when the economic downturn hit the United States, some smart investors came out just fine. This is most likely due to the fact that in addition to their other forms of investments, these smart investors chose purchasing precious metal investments. Precious metals are generally thought to be immune to devaluation of the US dollar and their value tends to go up during times of economic turmoil. Investing in precious metals can be a very smart way to protect an investment portfolio, if it is handled correctly. No one should rush into purchasing precious metals or any other forms of investment. It takes research and proper strategy to properly use precious metals as part of a portfolio.\nGold is the ideal precious metal to own when economic times get tough. Gold not only has intrinsic value, it is also in high demand these days. Gold is being used in a number of different manufacturing processes and in the production of many high tech consumer products, which makes it a high demand asset. Gold also retains its price value even when monetary currency falls. Over the last decade the price of gold has gone up nearly 300%. So, while the US dollar is falling, gold remains steady and in demand. Finding new sources of gold is not easy either, so while the demand is high the supply remains limited. This also helps to ensure that price of gold will continually rise.\nSilver is a precious metal that can be bought for less than the price of gold. This makes it a favorite precious metal for investors with a limited amount of money to spend. The value of silver also increases during recessions and like gold, it has shown a continuous rise in value over the last decade.\nPlatinum is not as well known in the investing world, but it is still a very good form of investment. Platinum is used in a variety of commercial products these days, including in auto parts, jewelry, fuel cells and in computers and medical devices. Because it is so useful platinum is always in high demand and its value is reflected accordingly.\nAlthough this precious metal is even less known than platinum is, experts in investing in precious metals recognize its worth and value as an investment tool. This is a relatively new form of precious metal, having just been discovered in 1803. Palladium is used in many of the same ways as platinum is, but it can also be used the refining of oil. This means that palladium is highly demanded and worth quite a bit in value.\nWhy Precious Metals?\nInvesting in precious metals makes sense. They hold value when other forms of investment lose value. They are in high demand but their supply is limited. The future value of precious metals is likely to skyrocket. Precious metals have intrinsic value and can be used as commodities. There are other reasons choose precious metals as well, but these are the main reasons.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://chinappr.en.alibaba.com/company_profile.html", "date": "2016-02-07T08:09:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701148758.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193908-00014-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8480311632156372, "token_count": 600, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-07", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-07__0__19675103", "lang": "en", "text": "Shanghai White Butterfly Pipe Technology Co., Ltd.\n|Business Type:||Manufacturer, Trading Company|\n|Location:||Shanghai, China (Mainland)|\n|Total Employees:||201 - 300 People|\n|Total Annual Revenue:||US$10 Million - US$50 Million|\n|Average Lead Time:||5 Day(s)|\nShanghai White Butterfly Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise founded in 1985 (grew out of Shanghai Building Material...\nShanghai White Butterfly Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise founded in 1985 (grew out of Shanghai Building Materials Factory) and specializes in manufacturing plastic pipes and pipe fittings for potable water, hot and cold water supply, drainage, HVAC and so on.\nShanghai White Butterfly Pipe has been taking the lead in producing PVC piping products and PPR piping products since 1986 and 1997 in China.\nWith Krauss-Maffei production lines from Germany, Battenfeld injection molding equipment, automatic quality test equipment and top-quality virgin raw materials, Shanghai White Butterfly Pipe has the full ability to provide world class plastic pipes and pipe fittings with various outer diameter and pressure grade.\nWith an annual output of twenty thousand tons of production capacity, White Butterfly's products range from PPR piping products, PP soundproof drainage piping products, UPVC piping products, HDPE piping products, PERT piping products, BETA PPR piping products, PB piping products, PP-AL-PP composite piping products and matched tools. For industrial and civil use, the products have been widely applied to water supply system, drainage system, heating system, electrical system, etc.\nShanghai White Butterfly has passed ISO9001 International Quality System Certification, ISO14001 Environment Management System Certification, ISO14024 Environment Label Certification, CE Certificate, etc.\nShanghai White Butterfly Pipe is the Vice Chairman of PPIA (Plastics Piping Subcommittee Affiliated with China Plastics Industry Association) and the first company in China to pass the 8760h Test ( Heat Stability Test under hydrostatic pressure for 8760h carried by Sweden Bodycote Laboratory).\nShanghai White Butterfly has been awarded the honor of Top Ten Brand In Plastic Piping Industry, National Free-Inspection Products, Shanghai Famous Brand, etc.\nShanghai White Butterfly Pipe Technology Co., Ltd. distributes products nationwide in more than 30 provinces and can manufacture products according to customers' requirement and purchase orders in the form of OEM or ODM.\nWelcome to our company and do not hesitate to contact us to get more information.\nSouth Asia : 9.09%\nNorthern Europe : 9.09%\nFactory Size : 50,000-100,000 square meters\nNo. of Production Lines : Above 10\nNo. of R&D Staff : 5 - 10 People\nEmail to this supplier", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://houstonpage.net/product/economy-metal-works-inc", "date": "2024-04-24T15:07:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819668.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424143432-20240424173432-00830.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8848879933357239, "token_count": 175, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__46626096", "lang": "en", "text": "CUSTOM METAL FABRICATION\nSince 1931, Economy Metal Works has been a leading provider of custom sheet metal fabrication services in Houston, TX. We specialize in manufacturing precision sheet metal fabricated parts, industrial louvers, NEMA enclosures, dampers and industrial skids for a wide range of industries, including oil & gas, petrochemical and power generation. We work specifically with aluminum, stainless steel, carbon steel and galvanized steel to make quality fabricated products.\nApplications include custom, structural, architectural and decorative metal fabrication projects. With our flexible and diverse approach, we have the ability to custom manufacture and fabricate metal products to your precise specifications at a competitive price, no matter how unique. In addition to metal fabrication, we offer supporting services for our customers including water jet cutting, plasma cutting, CNC services, and welding.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.natrajmachinery.in/automatic-flat-bed-die-cutting-machine-7374950.html", "date": "2023-12-08T05:52:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100724.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208045320-20231208075320-00183.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8886694312095642, "token_count": 1766, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__253007724", "lang": "en", "text": "An Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine, also known as a flatbed die cutter, is a type of machine used for precision cutting and shaping various materials, including paper, cardboard, foam, plastic, leather, fabric, and more. It is commonly used in industries like printing, packaging, label production, and crafts to create custom shapes, designs, and products.\n# Here are some key features and components of an Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine:\n1. Flat Bed: The machine features a flat, sturdy cutting bed where materials are placed for cutting. This bed typically has a smooth and level surface to ensure accurate and consistent cuts.\n2. Die: A die is a specialized tool made of sharp blades or steel rule that is used to cut, score, or perforate the material. Dies are custom-made to match the desired design or shape. Dies can be changed to accommodate different cutting patterns.\n3. Feeding Mechanism: This is the part of the machine where the material is fed onto the flat bed. It can be manual or automated, depending on the machine's configuration.\n4. Cutting Mechanism: The cutting mechanism is responsible for applying pressure to the die, which in turn cuts the material. It can be hydraulic, pneumatic, or servo-driven, depending on the machine model.\n5. Waste Removal System: After cutting, the waste material (referred to as \"chads\" or \"strips\") needs to be removed. Some machines have an automatic waste removal system that eliminates the need for manual cleanup.\n6. Control Panel: An integrated control panel or computer interface allows operators to set the cutting parameters, such as size, depth, and speed, and monitor the machine's performance.\n7. Safety Features: Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machines are equipped with safety mechanisms to protect operators during operation.\n8. Material Compatibility: These machines can handle various materials, including paper, cardboard, foam, rubber, plastic, and thin metal sheets, depending on their design and specifications.\n9. Precision and Speed: These machines are known for their precision and can produce consistent, high-quality results at a relatively high speed.\n10. Versatility: Flatbed die cutting machines are versatile and can be used for a wide range of applications, from cutting out packaging boxes and labels to creating custom-shaped cards and intricate designs.\n11. Cost-Efficiency: While the initial investment can be significant, these machines can significantly reduce labor costs and increase productivity in industries where precision cutting and shaping are essential.\n# Applications of Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine:\n1. Packaging Industry:\n- Die-cutting custom-shaped packaging boxes and cartons.\n- Creating intricate designs for product packaging.\n- Producing window cutouts on packaging for product visibility.\n2. Label and Sticker Production:\n- Cutting labels and stickers into various shapes and sizes.\n- Adding perforations or scoring lines for easy label or sticker removal.\n- Creating specialty labels for branding and promotions.\n3. Greeting Card and Invitation Manufacturing:\n- Cutting and shaping greeting cards with intricate designs.\n- Adding embossed or debossed elements to cards.\n- Creating custom invitations for special events.\n4. Automotive Industry:\n- Manufacturing gaskets and seals with precision.\n- Producing automotive interior components like foam inserts for seats and panels.\n5. Textile and Apparel:\n- Cutting fabric and leather pieces for clothing and accessories.\n- Creating custom-shaped patches and appliques.\n6. Footwear Industry:\n- Cutting shoe components, such as insoles, outsoles, and uppers.\n- Creating custom shoe designs with intricate patterns.\n7. Electronics and IT:\n- Cutting protective films, gaskets, and insulating materials for electronic components.\n- Creating custom membrane switches and control panels.\n8. Medical Devices:\n- Manufacturing medical device components and gaskets.\n- Cutting precise shapes for wound dressings and medical packaging.\n9. Advertising and Signage:\n- Cutting out letters and graphics for signs and displays.\n- Creating three-dimensional displays and promotional materials.\n10. Toys and Games:\n- Die-cutting cardboard and plastic components for board games and puzzles.\n- Producing custom-shaped pieces for toys and figurines.\n11. Educational Materials:\n- Cutting educational materials like flashcards, puzzles, and learning aids.\n- Creating custom teaching resources with unique shapes and designs.\n12. Aerospace and Defence:\n- Cutting gaskets, seals, and insulating materials for aerospace applications.\n- Manufacturing specialty components for defense equipment.\n13. Food Industry:\n- Cutting food packaging, such as custom-shaped wrappers and boxes.\n- Creating decorative food displays for confectionery and bakery products.\n14. Crafts and Hobbies:\n- Enabling craft enthusiasts to create custom-shaped paper crafts, scrapbooking elements, and decorations.\n15. Promotional Products:\n- Producing promotional items like keychains, coasters, and magnets with unique shapes and designs.\n- Creating custom promotional products for marketing campaigns.\n# Frequently Asked Questions:\nQ. What is an Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine?\nAns: An Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine is a piece of equipment used to precisely cut or shape materials, such as paper, cardboard, fabric, and plastic, using custom-made dies.\nQ. How does a Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine work?\nAns: It works by placing a material on a flat bed and using a die, which is a specialized tool, to cut or shape the material. The machine applies pressure to the die, resulting in precise cuts.\nQ. What types of materials can I cut with a Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine?\nAns: These machines can cut a wide range of materials, including paper, cardboard, fabric, foam, plastic, rubber, leather, and some thin metals.\nQ. What are dies, and how are they made?\nAns: Dies are custom-made cutting tools with sharp blades or steel rules that match the desired shape or design. They can be made from various materials, such as wood, metal, or plastic.\nQ. What are the advantages of using an Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine?\nAns: Advantages include precision cutting, the ability to create custom shapes and designs, increased production efficiency, and reduced labor costs.\nQ. Are there different sizes of Flat Bed Die Cutting Machines available?\nAns: Yes, these machines come in various sizes to accommodate different material dimensions and production needs.\nQ. Can these machines handle large production runs?\nAns: Yes, they are suitable for both small-scale and large-scale production runs, depending on the machine's size and capabilities.\nQ. Is there a learning curve for operating a Flat Bed Die Cutting Machine?\nAns: Operating the machine may require some training, but it is generally user-friendly, and operators can quickly become proficient.\nQ. Are there safety features in place for operators?\nAns: Yes, these machines are equipped with safety mechanisms to protect operators during operation.\nQ. Can I create custom dies for unique designs or shapes?\nAns: Yes, you can create custom dies to match your specific design or shape requirements.\nQ. What industries commonly use Flat Bed Die Cutting Machines?\nAns: Industries such as packaging, labeling, automotive, textiles, electronics, medical devices, and advertising frequently use these machines.\nQ. What is the maintenance requirement for these machines?\nAns: Regular maintenance, including keeping the machine clean, lubricating moving parts, and inspecting the cutting tools, is essential to ensure the machine's longevity and performance.\nQ. Can these machines perforate or score materials in addition to cutting?\nAns: Yes, these machines can be used to perforate and score materials, making them versatile for various applications.\nQ. What is the cost range for Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machines?\nAns: The cost varies significantly based on the machine's size, features, and capabilities. Smaller machines may cost a few thousand dollars, while larger, more advanced models can cost several hundred thousand dollars.\nQ. Where can I purchase or inquire about Automatic Flat Bed Die Cutting Machines?\nAns: You can contact manufacturers and suppliers specializing in industrial machinery and equipment. They often provide information on available models and pricing.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.spewarecorporation.com/science-and-technology.aspx", "date": "2019-02-22T14:17:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247518425.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222135147-20190222161147-00459.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8678288459777832, "token_count": 2044, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__12147528", "lang": "en", "text": "Science & Technology\nSPEware Corporation brings advanced separation efficiency to the extraction laboratory. We combine smart extraction chemistry products with automation to deliver efficient laboratory workflows. We have 20 years of experience designing and implementing improved Positive Pressure Workstations directly to our customers.\nSmart Extraction Products for SPE using Polymeric Microparticles\nSPEware is the leader in polymeric micro-particulate extraction. We apply our patented packing technology to the production of NBE and SPE extraction columns and 96 well plates.\nOur technologies enhance the quality of test results, reduce risk, and achieve greater ROI (Return on Investment) for all types of analytical laboratories, including clinical reference, toxicology, biopharmaceutical, pain management, government, forensic and environmental testing laboratories.\nSPEware columns have a unique laminar construction that allows the use of microparticulate sorbents with particle sizes of 20µm and below. Smaller particles in SPE offer numerous benefits; in particular, tighter elution bands (reduced elution volumes), improved method ruggedness at faster flow rates and higher capture efficiency.\nThe use of water-wettable polymer sorbents reduces or eliminates SPE column conditioning and equilibration steps, thereby saving time, reagent and labor costs.\nSPEware is the expert in positive pressure processing of SPE columns. Positive pressure processing has numerous advantages compared to traditional vacuum manifold processing. Positive pressure provides consistent uniform flow across a set of columns or wells, and coupled with electronic flow control, allows for perfectly reproducible flow profiles to be embedded within methods. SPEware positive pressure processors are designed to be fully compatible and provide seamless work flow with other laboratory platforms, such as evaporators and robotic liquid handlers.\n- Polymeric particles of small size (8µm – 20µm v. 40µm – 60µm) with customizable chemistries:\nThe unique advantages are:\n- High capture efficiency\n- Significantly faster usable flow rate\n- Inert support matrix versus silica\n- Designed for positive pressure manifolds\nThe benefits are:\n- More rugged methods\n- Shorter methods\n- Lower LLOQ/more sensitive methods\n- Wider variety of chemistries\n- Smaller sample volume\n- Lower elution volume\n- Individual columns, single or 96-well:\nThe unique advantages are:\n- Each column is individually QC’d in single and 96-well format\n- Flexibility in configuration\nThe benefits are:\n- Customizable plates to customer specifications\n- Method development plates\n- Minimizes waste\nCEREX® High Efficiency Extraction SPE or Phospholipid/protein crash columns are produced from a family of polymeric sorbents. These sorbents are divided into two classes, namely, co-polymeric and functionalized polymers.\nOur functionalized sorbents are surface modified, highly cross-linked divinylbenzene polymers. These modifications afford extraordinary properties when used for solid phase extraction. For example, functionalizing DVB with a quaternary amine produces a strong anion exchanger. This ion exchanger performs in mixed mode, coupled to the hydrophobic interaction provided by the divinylbenzene backbone.\nCEREX® is a patented manufacturing technology that enables creation of very high performance solid phase extraction (SPE) columns. CEREX® technology provides for the use of microparticulate sorbents in the SPE column, typically in the 10µm particle size range, as compared to the 40µm particle size range used by most commercial suppliers. Microparticulate sorbents offer tangible and significant benefits compared to larger particle sorbents; specifically, very high capture efficiency.\nCapture efficiency refers to the ability of a SPE device to effectively retain, or \"trap\" desired analytes from the applied sample. Regardless of the chemical affinity of the sorbent for the analyte species, SPE products that use large particle sorbents may exhibit significant analyte breakthrough during sample application. This is caused by the relatively large flow paths between sorbent particles, allowing analytes to bypass contact with the sorbent (Figure 1).\nIn contrast, CEREX® microparticulate sorbents contain much smaller flow paths, ensuring contact with the sorbent as the analyte molecules pass through the sorbent bed. This results in more efficient and consistent analyte trapping, leading to higher analyte recoveries and more reproducible results (Figure 2).\nA loading experiment demonstrates the difference between an 8µm sorbent and a conventional 40µm sorbent, using surface-matched sorbent chemistries, in an online cartridge format (graph courtesy of Spark Holland, see Figure 3). Breakthrough of a UV-absorbing analyte from each respective cartridge is measured using a conventional UV detector. The trace begins with the cartridge bypassed; therefore, the detector signal reflects the level of analyte in the loading solvent.\nAs the cartridge is placed into the sample stream, absorbance drops initially, and then recovers as analyte \"breaks through\" the cartridge. Note that the 8um cartridge captures roughly 4 times the analyte quantity as the 40µm cartridge before breakthrough, and reaches total saturation capacity immediately thereafter, as seen by rapid recovery of the detector signal to initial conditions. In contrast, the 40µm cartridge never reaches saturation capacity, even after many minutes of sample loading.\nThis high capture effect of micro-particles allows the use of much smaller bed masses in CEREX ® columns compared to conventional sorbents. For example, a 35mg or even a 20mg CEREX® column typically exhibits the same effective capacity as a 100mg, 40µm conventional SPE product. The use of smaller sorbent beds allows for commensurately smaller analyte elution volumes, as demonstrated in Figure 4 (chromatogram courtesy of Spark Holland).\nVan Deemter: Wider Flow Range\nExtractions using CEREX® columns are faster and less operator dependent than classical SPE. One of the contributing factors to this benefit is the wider usable flow range when using smaller particles. The form of the Van Deemter equation is such that HETP achieves a minimum value at a particular flow velocity (low HETP values are good). At this flow rate, the resolving power of the column is maximized. The window for this maximum performance – resolving power - broadens as particle size drops. This means a wider flow range through the bed is allowable; i.e. more rugged methods and less dependence on flow rate for performance.\nCEREX® SPE products are available in a wide range of sorbent chemistries and configurations. Column formats offered include standard syringe-barrel tubes with luer-tips in the most widely used sizes (1, 3, and 6 mL tubes). In 96-well formats (including NBE), both \"integrated\" (single plate) and \"modular\" (base plate plus plug-in columns) formats are available to accommodate specific user applications. Column bed masses range from 1 mg up to 1 gram scale in the largest columns.\nDifferent column sizes for different applications\n- 1 mL is perfect for high throughput sample extraction, automation and automated method development\n- 3 mL is designed for more difficult matrices such as whole blood, neat oral fluid, animal urine, etc.\n- 6 mL is designed for even more difficult matrices such as post-mortem samples, tissues, etc.\n- 1 mL in 96-well format is assembled to your specifications or can be assembled in your laboratory.\n- Designed with a gap between each well to eliminate cross contamination\n- Standard footprint manufactured to ISO 9001 (ANSI) specifications\n- Manufactured from superior quality polypropylene, deep plates can be stored in the freezer to -70° C and may be autoclaved repeatedly\n- Alpha-numeric well identification\nVarious sorbent phases are readily available\n- PSCX, DVB/ Strong Cation Exchanger Copolymer, 20 micron, 300Å. This material exhibits excellent selectivity for extracting basic drugs from biological fluids. Dual mode mechanism of extraction can be used to achieve an extract that is 95% protein free.\n- PSAX, DVB/ Strong Anion Exchanger Copolymer, 20 micron, 300Å. This material exhibits excellent selectivity for extracting acidic drugs from biological fluids. Dual mode mechanism of extraction can be used to achieve ultra-high purity extracts.\n- Maestro™ phospholipid removal/protein crash line of products with higher capacity for phospholipids retention, near 100% analyte recovery and no column plugging.\n- Trace-B: High efficiency Hydrophilic DVB Polymer for extracting drugs of abuse from biological matrices\n- 10-15 micron - Provides high recoveries of drugs at very low concentrations.\n- 200Å pore size - High efficiency sorbent allows for even flow with high recovery as well as elution in small volumes.\n- True dual mode column - Hydrophilic Polymer with a Cation Exchanger\n- CEREX® Format-Eliminates column channeling for high speed processing with flow rates up to 10 ml/min.\n- Hydrophilic polymer - No column conditioning required, eliminates column drying problem\n- High cross linking - Provides a rigid polymer that is stable from pH 1 to 14 and eliminates troublesome pH adjustment steps in extraction process.\n- Polymer based chemistry - Excellent lot-to-lot reproducibility. Single source manufacturing.\n- Trace-N: High efficiency hydrophobic polymer for extraction of THC and metabolites from biological matrices.\n- Trace-J: High efficiency DVB Polymeric phase for extracting basic drugs from biological matrices.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.landskronafoto.org/en/jessica-pettway-plastic/", "date": "2021-09-22T18:32:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057371.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20210922163121-20210922193121-00398.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9607824087142944, "token_count": 289, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__156876072", "lang": "en", "text": "Jessica Pettway works in New York. The Plastic series of pictures was specially produced for Landskrona Fotofestival. Pettway has worked for a long time documenting how modern society uses plastics. Her pictures have been published in newspapers such as The New York Times and The Guardian. Now the Plastic series has a Swedish part. The packages in the pictures were bought in local grocery stores in Landskrona and photographed in Pettway’s studio in New York.\nPlastic is a controversial material. In the 1960s and 1970s, cheap manufacturing methods were developed and the plastics industry flourished. Plastic appeared to be the answer to many problems of storage and durability. Today, plastic is a symbol of environmental destruction. One problem is that plastic is a consumable, thrown away after use. Another problem is that we have developed a storage industry that involves plastic upon plastic. Even products that are not fragile are packaged singly and then wrapped in yet another plastic package.\nPettway’s photographs explore the enticing aesthetics of plastic packaging. With playfully composed images, she criticizes the packaging industry and our excess consumption. The surreal environments and pop-style colours of the photographs serve as a commentary on our use of plastic. Plastic creates a sense of sterility and alienates the consumer from nature, the agricultural process and the food. Where does this demand for artificiality come? From the consumer or from industry?", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.rbaofqc.com/windows/video-the-merits-of-fibrex-as-a-window-material/", "date": "2019-03-19T14:50:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912201996.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20190319143502-20190319165502-00101.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8815600275993347, "token_count": 486, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__116849916", "lang": "en", "text": "Renewal by Andersen® of Quad Cities windows are made with Fibrex®, an exclusive composite material developed by the Andersen® Corporation. Part wood fibers, part thermoplastic polymers, Fibrex isn’t the only window material on the market, but it’s perhaps the closest to perfection.\nWhat separates it from the rest? Here’s why Fibrex creates strong, long-lasting, energy-efficient and low-maintenance windows:\nIt Doesn’t Decay Like Wood\nOur proprietary polymer completely encases and fills each individual cell of the Fibrex wood fiber without crushing any of them. As a result, our patented material has the remarkable ability to repel moisture and resist decay. In fact, we guarantee it not to rot under normal use for a long time.\nIt Doesn’t Crack or Bow Like Vinyl\nFibrex is twice as strong as vinyl. Its low expansion and contraction rates allow it to remain rigid and stable with extreme changes in temperature. You can rest assured our double-hung, sliding, picture and casement windows can stay weathertight year after year.\nIt Doesn’t Waste Energy Like Aluminum\nCompared with aluminum, Fibrex insulates 700 times better. Its superior thermal insulating properties perfectly complement the exceptional performance of any of our Low-E4® glass packages. Fibrex helps you achieve your desired indoor climate with less energy, keeping your interior warmer in winter and cooler in summer.\nIt Doesn’t Require Painting Like Fiberglass\nUnlike fiberglass-framed products, Fibrex-made specialty, bay and bow windows never need periodic scraping and painting. They’re guaranteed not to flake, blister, pit, corrode or peel for a long period. With our advanced extrusion process, we can permanently apply a wide palette of striking colors, including black, and beat the heat.\nMost importantly, Fibrex is manufactured in an environmentally responsible way. It consists of 40% reclaimed wood fibers by weight, saving nearly 90 million board feet of lumber from harvesting since the day it was developed.\nTo see a Fibrex sample with your own eyes, call Renewal by Andersen of Quad Cities at (844) 366-7784 today. We’ll be happy to schedule your FREE consultation and estimate in Rock Island, IL, at your most convenient day and time.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ouceonline.com/structural/", "date": "2023-02-02T17:51:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500035.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202165041-20230202195041-00664.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9066364169120789, "token_count": 769, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__154004054", "lang": "en", "text": "The online M.S. in Civil Engineering is a 32-credit hour program, completed in 21 months* while working full-time. This program features a Structural Engineering track that can advance your practical design skills and equip you for analytical or experimental research. Building on the common foundation modules, the Structural Engineering track dives deep into properties, fabrication methods, and applications of wood, steel and concrete.\nThe curriculum teaches key equations and analysis methods for determining the safety and soundness of structures made from these materials, including soil-structure interactions and the fundamentals of earthquake safety engineering.\nAs a capstone to your program, you will complete an open-ended design project which demonstrates your understanding of the principles taught in the curriculum through practical application to a real-world problem.\n*21-month program for students who start in the fall semester; spring starts can finish in 24 months.\nWho This Track is For\nThe Structural Engineering track is for undergraduate-qualified engineers who want to:\n- Pursue structural engineering at an advanced level or as a new specialty;\n- Earn professional development credit that may be applied towards professional licensure in their state, and\n- Connect with a global network of engineering professionals and our industry-experienced faculty.\nPresented through a best-in-class online interface, you can finish this degree in as few as 21 months.\nCourses for the Structural Track\n|Prestressed Concrete Structures (3)||Design procedures for pretensioned and post-tensioned concrete structures, with emphasis on the behavior of prestressed concrete. Topics include: methods of analysis, time dependent effects, fabrication and construction procedures, connections, highway bridges, frames, composite construction, continuous structures, and anchorage zone detailing.|\n|Structural Design - Wood (3)||Material properties and behavior of wood. Analysis and design of solid and laminated structural members, connections, systems, trusses, and arches. Current developments in structural wood design and research.|\n|Structural Design - Concrete II (3)||Advanced reinforced concrete behavior and design including limit design, anchorage design, slender columns, truss models for shear and torsion of beams, two-way and flat slabs, and the art of detailing.|\n|Structural Design - Steel II (3)||Advanced structural steel design including steel deck diaphragms, column and beam bracing, composite beam design, rigid frame design, torsional member design, plate girder design, and design of building connections.|\n|Capstone Design Experience (1)||An independent capstone design experience that focuses on a real-world, open-ended design problem that applies the skills, knowledge, and techniques learned by the student during their graduate studies.|\n|Soil-Structure Interaction (3)||Introduces students to analytical and numerical solutions to soil-structure interaction problems. Includes methods of solution for beams and mats on elastic foundations; analysis and design of axially and laterally loaded piles and pile groups; and sheet piles and retaining walls. Nonlinear behavior of soils and piles will also be covered, and the students will be introduced to industry standard software such as LPILE and GROUP.|\n|Dynamics of Structures (3)||Free vibration, forced vibration, and transient response of structures having one, multiple, or infinite number of degrees-of-freedom; structural damping effects; numerical solution techniques; Lagrange’s equation of motion; Rayleigh-Ritz method. General matrix formulation for multiple degrees-of-freedom and modal coordinate transformation. Introduction to earthquake engineering concepts.|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://cn-printingmachines.com/printing-on-nonwoven-fabric.html", "date": "2021-11-27T06:40:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358118.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127043716-20211127073716-00417.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9024588465690613, "token_count": 166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__63851778", "lang": "en", "text": "Nonwoven fabric bags are usually screen printed. But as for people preferring more delicate printings, the gravure printing press is applied to the nonwoven fabric printing industry, especially when producing bags with large areas of colorful patterns.\nNonwoven fabric bags printed by gravure printing press are usually laminated. This means in production, the gravure printing press first print the patterns on plastic film and then the lamination machine presses the film to the nonwoven fabric. In this way, the printings are more beautiful as well as water-proof and more durable than other kinds of nonwoven fabric bags.\nWe can provide a gravure printing press and lamination machine to complete the process above, which automates the production line and shortens the production cycle of nonwoven fabric bags.Recommended Products", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.deerparkfurniture.com/veneers.html", "date": "2021-10-27T01:35:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587963.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20211026231833-20211027021833-00402.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9430866241455078, "token_count": 487, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__225406753", "lang": "en", "text": "What is Veneering?\nby Terry Canup\nOne of the most popular options is to attach a thin layer to\nthe products' surface to give it the finish and texture the\nmanufacturer is trying to achieve. This gives them great\nflexibility of looks, with the same basic case construction\nIt also reduces manufacturing cost and speeds production\ntime. The technique is known as veneering.\nApplying a single\nsource veneer to a wood base\nVeneering has been around for hundreds of years. Craftsman\nhave used it to enhance the look of the final product for\ngenerations. It is a precision technique. Once the base\nsurface has been prepared, the veneer is laid on by gluing its\nlayer, in a bond, to the base material. By hand, this is done\nby using what is known as a veneer roller. On an industrial\nscale large machine rollers veneer the raw planks prior to\nthem being cut for specific furniture uses. Today, there are a\nnumber of materials used as veneers.\nThe traditional wood veneers are still the most popular, but\nvinyl is quite widely used. Marble top furniture used to\nconsist of thick slabs of polished marble stone bolted to the\nfurniture casing. Now-a-days, thin sheets of marble veneered\nover a wood or MDF top is the economical alternative and still\ngives you real marble tops. Manufacturers are constantly\ncoming up with lower production cost alternatives. New\nmarble-look resin top veneers have become very popular. Some\nrefer to it as man-made marble.\nHand veneering a cosmetic design with\nmulti source hardwoods\nEven lower cost alternatives are available. Called faux marble\n(or Alabama marble for where it was invented), it is a\nprint-on finish. New computer technology allows furniture\nproducers to program designs that large machines print onto\nthe surface of the chosen material (usually, pressboard or MDF\nboards, because of their exceptionally smooth surfaces. While\nit is used in simulating marble, it is also used to simulate\nwood grains and even paint finishes. Done properly, it can be\nvery difficult to distinguish the difference between real wood\nand print on finishes on a composite material..", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.shaving.ie/tiger-de-razor-blades/", "date": "2023-09-26T16:24:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00417.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9034892916679382, "token_count": 178, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__54400490", "lang": "en", "text": "Tiger DE Razor Blades\nExperience a smooth and comfortable shave with Tiger Platinum double-edged blades. These flexible interchangeable blades are made by the former manufacturer of Astra blades from the Czech Republic from premium Swedish stainless steel with a high carbon content. The completely German production line contributes to the production of these high-quality razor blades.\nThe blades coated with platinum and teflon offer the user many advantages that contribute to a pleasantly smooth shaving experience with a minimum of resistance and irritation. These blades maintain a pleasant sharpness for a very long time.\nThe razor blades are suitable for all skin types - even very sensitive ones - and for light to heavy beard growth. These blades fit all common safety razors.\nThese blades are individually wrapped in paraffin wax paper in a pack of 5 to ensure safety, sterility, and durability.\n- 100 Blades", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://uniqueqolors.com/cmf-design/", "date": "2024-03-05T06:47:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707948223038.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240305060427-20240305090427-00427.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9255173802375793, "token_count": 529, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__149030176", "lang": "en", "text": "Color - Material - Finish\nCMF Design Service\nWhy we offer CMF design service as a masterbatch manufacturer has to do with a clear trend we see. We are often taken \"on-to-go\" with aesthetic choices from color to reflection to visible fibers in the material. Often these choices are not clearly defined or are only considered later in the process and that while the base material turns out to be inappropriate for this purpose. For example, the color becomes completely different the moment an additive or effect is added.\nWhen materials, color and finishes are considered strategically and earlier in the process, it can streamline communication and collaboration between design teams and manufacturers. This can result in a more efficient design process and more consistent results.\n\"Innovation opportunities from the CMF perspective can be leveraged to achieve competitive advantages such as lower costs, shorter cycles, faster updates and circularity goals.\"\nFocus on material\nWhen it comes to product development - whether it's semi-finished products or a complete product - material selection is a crucial link that must be considered early in the design process. Material selection affects every aspect of the product.\n\"Material first design\" emphasizes the importance of early and close collaboration between designers, material & color specialists to create products that are functionally, legally and aesthetically in line with their intended goals. It provides a holistic approach to product design, with material selection playing a central role in creating innovative and sustainable solutions.\nThe polymer industry is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary; collaborations between materials scientists, engineers and designers are becoming essential.\nTo achieve the right color, several factors must be considered. First, it is important to accurately specify the desired end result including hue, brightness, reflectance and any special properties that need to be added to the color. Next, the base material is analyzed to understand the current color and composition.\nIn the laboratory, we check and validate the color consistency and quality of the master batch, using advanced color measurements, spectrophotometry and other techniques to ensure that the color is consistent across different production batches.\nWe are material and color specialists in all things polymer related. Our promise is a solution for every polymer. We research, experience and advise on plastics. From circular solutions to materials requiring special properties. We value recycling streams to come up with innovative solutions.\nThe Laboratory is a large R&D swim tank. Basic materials, pigments and additives are assembled into desired compositions. We match functional, financial and aesthetic needs. Circular responsibility starts at the beginning of the plastic chain, with the right knowledge in-house we create awareness of circular solutions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.carl-f-bucherer.com/en/watches/patravi-scubatec-black-00-10632-28-33-01", "date": "2020-09-21T00:11:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198868.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920223634-20200921013634-00137.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8557575345039368, "token_count": 139, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__60160606", "lang": "en", "text": "Sapphire crystal with anti-reflective coating on both sides\nWater-resistant to 500 m (50 atm)\nDiameter 44.6 mm\nHeight 13.45 mm\nRubber strap with recycled PET textile layer\ndiving folding clasp in DLC-coated titanium\nThe idea of sustainability, which is integral to our company philosophy, is expressed in the production process of the new variant. The textile insert of the black rubber strap is made from 100% recycled plastic bottles recovered from the ocean. This allows every timepiece and every buyer to actively contribute to the responsible use of our resources,” explains Sascha Moeri, CEO of Carl F. Bucherer.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://macadamconstruction.com/services/water-blasting/", "date": "2023-09-28T01:26:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510334.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927235044-20230928025044-00763.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9022201299667358, "token_count": 299, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__289862945", "lang": "en", "text": "Over time, any surface can and will degrade, acquire buildup of dirt or other materials, or otherwise be in need of a thorough cleaning, such as before the application of new concrete or coatings. For these applications, water blasting is an effective way to prepare, restore, or clean various types of surfaces.\nBlasting in at over 30,000 PSI, this process can remove up to 1/8″ in of your existing surface, leaving it fully prepped and ready for a new coating, paint, or sealer.\nWater blasting can also be used on vertical surfaces as a safer, more cost-effective alternative to shot blasting.\nWater blasting is useful for a variety of situations for concrete, asphalt, or other surfaces.\nBefore applying a new coating or overlay, water blasting can help prepare the surface and ensure proper adhesion. This process will remove old coatings, stains, and other buildup, creating a clean and roughened surface that will help the new materials adhere properly.\nIt can also repair old surfaces by removing damaged or deteriorated materials from the surface, exposing the clean surface underneath for repair or replacement.\nParking lots, parking structures or decks, driveways, sidewalks, bridges, and other structures can benefit from water blasting to remove dirt, stains, and other buildup to expose the original surface beneath. It can even remove graffiti or other vandalism, as well as provide a safer surface when removing oil, grease, or other slippery substances.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://borvobroth.com/collections/frontpage/products/instant-chicken-broth", "date": "2024-02-21T00:40:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473360.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221002544-20240221032544-00104.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8334130644798279, "token_count": 293, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__27378810", "lang": "en", "text": "- COMFORT OUTSIDE YOUR COMFORT ZONE ™: Just add 10oz of hot water to a packet and you instantly have a delicious, hearty, and healthy sipping bone broth while adventuring in the backcountry.\n- ALL NATURAL INGREDIENTS: Made from all-natural ingredients, Borvo Instant Sipping Bone Broth is the wholesome, better tasting alternative to ultra-processed protein (yuck!) and lab-made supplement drinks (yikes!).\n- REFUEL, REBUILD & RECOVER: Borvo Instant Sipping Broth was crafted to help your body captures today’s progress and get stronger for tomorrow’s adventures.\n- EVERY GRAM COUNTS: Weighing less than 16 grams per packet, this pocket-sized savory snack is your ultralight solution to Refuel, Rebuild and Recover on the go.\n- ZERO NET-NEW TRASH: We partnered with conservationists, material scientists and packaging manufacturers to design a box and single-serving packet using fully compostable materials. We believe in leaving the backcountry better than we found it\n- COMPOSTABLE MATERIALS: The eco-friendly materials used in production of Borvo Instant Sipping Broth packaging are subjected to and comply with various testing methods: ASTM D6400, ASTM D6866, EN13432, ISO1133", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://2danes.com/product/magniflex-magnistretch-12-mattress/", "date": "2024-02-26T23:52:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00681.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8974735140800476, "token_count": 210, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192306956", "lang": "en", "text": "The Magnistretch 12 mattress from Italy is full of incredible features. Offering medium-soft diversified support, Magnistretch 12 stretches and decompresses the spinal column due to the multiple layers which include Eliosoft, patented stretch technology. This mattress has an innovative and removable Outlast and a viscose fabric cover that absorbs excess heat for excellent body temperature regulation and is available in twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, and California king sizes.\nThe OEKO TEX standard 100 certifies the absence of toxic substances or off-gassing.\nOutlast is a material designed for astronauts’ spacesuits. It is made of millions of small spheres of a special type of wax that melts at 97 F / 36 C. The melting process, which starts due to a rise in the body temperature, absorbs the excess heat and accumulates a part of it. When the temperature is stable and under the “melting point”, the spheres solidify and releases the energy accumulated in the form of heat.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://naqairon.com/foundry.html", "date": "2019-08-18T09:41:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027313747.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20190818083417-20190818105417-00176.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7794080972671509, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__174442475", "lang": "en", "text": "Our modern foundry plant and equipment will produce castings in Grey Iron, Ductile Iron and Alloyed Steel as per international quality and customers need.\nOur Capabilities Include:\n- Two sets of Induction Furnaces each of 750 Kg and 3000 Kg capacity.\n- No-Bake Furan sand hand moulding plant and equipment.\n- Green Sand moulding line with 1100 x 1000 x 300/300 mm box size.\n- Two Shot blast machines each with 500 Kg and 1000 Kg hanger capacity.\n- One electrical heated annealing furnace.\n- Emission Spectrometer.\n- Sand testing equipment.\n- Specimen preparation and metallurgical microscope.\n- Hardness and Tensile testing machines\n- Quick temperature and CE measuring devices.\n- Non Destructive Testing Equipment", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.bt0769.com/en/news/Industry-News/2221.html", "date": "2019-11-15T02:48:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668561.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115015509-20191115043509-00319.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.910480260848999, "token_count": 268, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__105323667", "lang": "en", "text": "The Saudi Arabian Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) published the final text of the Technical Regulation on the Safety of Electric Batteries.\nFrom December 21, 2019, all products that do not comply with the requirements will be removed from the market.\nThe Technical Regulation applies to all electric batteries and accumulators regardless of size, weight, and components. It covers two main categories:\nElectric batteries for cars operating to supply power for starting and lighting of the cars\nPortable batteries in the form of a button cell and it is neither car batteries nor industrial batteries and not exceeding the weight of 1 kg and used in electric equipment such as lighting, portable phones, calculators, etc.\nBatteries used in military, national defense, and space equipment are excluded from the scope of the regulation.\nThe Technical Regulation sets out the following general requirements applicable to electric batteries:\nInternational standards related to the placement of electric batteries on the market\nConformity assessment for ensuring compliance\nCompliance with technical specifications, electrical and mechanical requirements, along with labeling and packing requirements\nProvision of information to customers prior to placing products on the market, such as information on recycling and disposal\nRestriction on the use of cadmium and mercury in the manufacturing of batteries.\nThe official document is available here.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://woodlab.co/collections/osmo", "date": "2020-09-18T16:42:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400188049.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918155203-20200918185203-00389.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9280096888542175, "token_count": 180, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__234916714", "lang": "en", "text": "Handcrafted Custom Furniture, Old Growth Live Edge Slabs, Eco-Friendly Epoxy Sales\nOsmo developed its micro-porous, natural oil and wax-based finishes over 40 years ago.\nOsmo offers a natural and environmentally friendly alternative to wood finishing. Osmo products are based on rapidly renewable, natural vegetable oils that penetrate deeply into the wood, keeping it elastic and healthy, while preventing it from drying and becoming brittle.\nWith everything from the popular Polyx®-Oil, the original Hardwax-Oil, to the beautifully constructed flooring and decking, garden buildings, pre-finished natural timber claddings, screens and fences, Osmo is the wood product specialist.\nWoodLab is a supplier for Osmo products. Please contact us if you wish to purchase a product that you don't see in our online store.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://cheapandship.com/product/materials-science-and-engineering-an-introduction-7th-edition/", "date": "2021-05-15T07:13:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243991378.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20210515070344-20210515100344-00104.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8115883469581604, "token_count": 229, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__12559995", "lang": "en", "text": "From the Back Cover\nNew to the Seventh Edition\n- A number of new “Materials of Importance” pieces (for most chapters).\n- Concept Check questions throughout.\n- Revised illustrations, now all in full-color to enhance visualization and convey realism.\n- Expanded discussions on material types and general properties of materials (Chapter 1), and crystallographic directions and planes in hexagonal crystals (Chapter 3).\n- New discussions on one-component (pressure-temperature) phase diagrams, compacted graphite iron, lost foam casting, fractography of ceramics, and magnetic anisotropy.\n- Enhanced discussions on representations of polymer structures and defects in polymers, and a new discussion on permeability in polymers.\n- Revised coverage of deformation of semicrystalline polymers and polymerization.\nOnline Animations and Learning Modules\nThe book companion site (www.wiley.com/college/callister) features learning modules with animations and 3-D projections that help students visualize challenging concepts and processes. The website also includes an interactive database of materials properties and costs.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.industrialcontrolvalve.com/n1875250/Stainless-steel-pneumatic-butterfly-valve.htm", "date": "2024-02-24T00:04:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474470.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223221041-20240224011041-00667.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8568140864372253, "token_count": 208, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__192490306", "lang": "en", "text": "Stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve\nStainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve is a kind of high-performance and long-life butterfly valve, which is mainly composed of pneumatic actuator and stainless steel butterfly valve. The valve body and disc plate are made of stainless steel, with the characteristics of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and high pressure resistance The stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve can be divided into flange, wafer type or welding type according to different connection modes. It is not only applicable to the two position switch off control, but also can be equipped with a valve positioner to realize the proportional adjustment of medium flow, temperature, pressure and other parameters Stainless steel pneumatic butterfly valve can be widely used in high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, fire protection and other pipelines for switching off or adjustment.\n- Custom Gate Valves\n- Custom Butterfly Valves\n- Custom Check Valves\n- Custom Ball Valves\n- Custom Rubber Expansion Joints\n- Custom Valve Parts", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jyoungpharm.org/article/1116", "date": "2024-03-05T01:59:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476592.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304232829-20240305022829-00541.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9471200704574585, "token_count": 300, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__11372148", "lang": "en", "text": "A phase is a physically discrete and chemically homogeneous portion of a system, separated by boundaries from other portions of the system. The phase rule given by J.W Gibbs in 1874 is applied to define a system composed of single component as well as multi-component. Various pharmaceutical formulations such as emulsion, micro emulsions and gels are mainly composed of lipid soluble component, water soluble component, surfactant and cosolvents. Phase diagram serves as an important tool for screening of such formulation components. A phase diagram is a graphical representation composed of area curve, lines and points, which is used to describe a specific system composed of a single or multiple components and generate the data with respect to concentration of different components, temperature and pressure at which thermodynamically distinct phases occur, transform from one phase to another and coexist at equilibrium. A ternary phase diagram has the shape of a triangular prism with an equilateral triangle as a foundation which is used to describe a three component system. Ternary phase diagrams give the precise and accurate data of the various composite component systems and are utilized in several areas of pharmaceuticals like the formulation of various dosage forms, polymer coating methods and several other formulation processes. The review focuses on the concept of phase diagram and phase rule, various methods and rules relating to ternary phase diagrams, various examples and its recent applications in pharmaceutical research.\nKey words: Phase rule, Phase diagrams, Ternary phase diagram, Three component system.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://swisspac.uk.com/products/scoops/", "date": "2023-09-24T00:50:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506539.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923231031-20230924021031-00262.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9354987144470215, "token_count": 294, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__227962751", "lang": "en", "text": "SwissPack manufactures and exports high quality plastic scoops which are use in numerous sectors like pharmaceutical, food, agriculture etc. These scoops are designed for the accurate measurement of the product. We use the superior quality raw material to fabricate plastic scoops which are extremely functional, easy to use, appealing and have longer life.\nOur scoops are manufactured by using finest quality polypropylene and polyethylene so that these scoops do not get crack while using. SwissPack plastic scoops can provide exact measurements of products despite of its form like solid, liquid or powder. We offer highly customized design and colours on our clients’ demand. We provide a small or big handle, if they need.\nIn some products, the exact measurement is quite essential like animal feed, protein powder or any medical product. Currently, we are fabricating and supplying scoops in different sizes like (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25, 60, 75, 100, 150) ml which are food grade certified and approved by FDA.\nWe have a rich experience in manufacturing and supplying plastic scoops and our scoops are appreciated in the market for following features:\n- High grade raw material\n- Have good mechanical strength\n- Innovative and efficient designs\n- Highly functional and long lasting\n- Available in customized designs and sizes\n- Attractive and finished appearance\n- Always different capacities\n- Available at minimal prices in the market", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://milankoev.com/uncategorized/carbon-based-htl-free-perovskite-solar-cells-with-26-efficiency/", "date": "2022-05-28T00:58:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663011588.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528000300-20220528030300-00190.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9110314846038818, "token_count": 711, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__6510729", "lang": "en", "text": "An international research team has designed a carbon-based perovskite solar cell without a hole transport layer. Two plasmonic nanoparticles – Ag@SiO2 and SiO2@Ag@SiO2 – were added to the cell photoactive layer, in addition to a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) interlayer at the perovskite-carbon interface.\nAn international research group has proposed a new design for perovskite solar cells without a hole transport layer (HTL), based on carbon-based materials to replace the metal contact and the HTL.\nThe researchers said that carbon-based perovskite solar cells have reached efficiencies of around 15%, which is considerably lower than those achieved by cells equipped with HTL/metal back contacts. Nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO2) in the electron transfer layer (ETL) increase recombination due to the trapping of electron carriers and the low mobility of carriers in the perovskite-filled mesoporous structure, thus leading to the lowest performance.\n“This, in turn, affects hysteresis behavior in measuring the efficiency and instability of the device due to the ion migration,” the researchers explained. “Providing a carbon-based planar structure by removing mesoporous TiO2 can not only reduce the device’s hysteresis behavior, but also take another step toward commercializing perovskite-based solar cells by reducing the cost of mass production.”\nIn the proposed cell design, two plasmonic nanoparticles known as Ag@SiO2 and SiO2@Ag@SiO2 were added to the cell photoactive layer and a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) interlayer was placed at the perovskite-carbon interface. The latter purportedly has excellent semiconducting properties, including high hole mobility, wide bandgap, optical transparency, and thermal and chemical stability.\nThe HTL-free optimized plasmonic cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.72%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.918 V, a short-circuit current of 28.05 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 76.57%.\n“The used solution-processed inorganic p-type CuSCN layer with a thickness of 30 nm at the perovskite-carbon interface has increased the device power conversion efficiency by 35% to 26.58%, thanks to the increased open-circuit voltage and fill factory to 1.156 V and 81.64%, respectively,” the academics said. “The remarkable improvement of the open-circuit voltage is attributed to better interfacial energy alignment between the perovskite and CuSCN.”\nThey said they obtained similar results by increasing the carbon working function with suitable additives or binders to the carbon ink. “These results pave the ways to achieve high efficiencies in carbon-based perovskite solar cells,” they concluded.\nThey described the solar cell design in “Impacts of plasmonic nanoparticles incorporation and interface energy alignment for highly efficient carbon-based perovskite solar cells,” which was recently published in Scientific Reports. The research group includes scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University College London, and the University of Isfahan in Iran.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://eventvenues.asia/termite-resistant-building-materials-a-comprehensive-guide/", "date": "2024-04-22T03:35:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818072.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422020223-20240422050223-00570.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.929562509059906, "token_count": 686, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__181369056", "lang": "en", "text": "Termites are notorious for their ability to cause extensive damage to homes and structures. To protect your property from these destructive pests, it’s essential to consider the materials you use during construction and renovation. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore termite-resistant building materials, their advantages, and how they can safeguard your investment against termite infestations.\nTermites are small insects that feed on cellulose-rich materials, primarily wood. They can silently invade your property, causing structural damage that can be both costly and time-consuming to repair. To mitigate the risk of termite infestations, choosing the right building materials is crucial.\nConcrete is a popular choice for foundations, slabs, and other structural elements due to its durability and termite resistance. Termites cannot consume or damage concrete, making it an excellent choice for preventing termite access to your home’s foundation. However, it’s important to note that wood components within or above the concrete structure may still be vulnerable.\nSteel framing and structural components are entirely immune to termite attacks. Steel is not a cellulose-based material, and termites cannot feed on it or cause any structural damage. As a termite-resistant material, steel offers strength and longevity, making it an ideal choice for framing and support structures.\nMaterials such as brick, stone, and masonry offer excellent resistance to termites. These dense, non-cellulose materials do not provide a food source for termites, making them a suitable choice for exterior cladding and landscaping features. However, it’s essential to ensure proper installation and sealing to prevent termite entry through gaps or cracks.\nComposite wood products, like engineered wood and particleboard, are created by combining wood fibers with adhesives and additives. While they contain cellulose, these materials are often treated with termite-resistant chemicals during manufacturing. Engineered wood products can offer termite resistance, but it’s essential to choose brands and products specifically designed for anti termite control.\nPressure-treated wood is another option for termite resistance. It is infused with chemical preservatives that deter termite infestations. This type of wood is commonly used for outdoor structures like decks, fences, and utility poles. Ensure that pressure-treated wood is used only where necessary and not in direct contact with the ground.\nCertain wood species are naturally resistant to termites due to their inherent oils, resins, or toxins. These include cedar, redwood, and some tropical hardwoods like ipe. While these woods are not immune to termites, they are less appealing as food sources, making them a suitable choice for termite-prone areas. Regular maintenance and sealing can enhance their durability.\nWhile termite-resistant materials can be effective, they are not foolproof. It’s essential to consider the following factors:\nSelecting termite-resistant building materials is a proactive and effective way to protect your property from termite infestations. While no material is entirely termite-proof, the right choices can significantly reduce the risk of damage and save you both time and money in the long run. Combining termite-resistant materials with proper construction practices and regular maintenance is the key to ensuring your home remains a termite-free sanctuary for years to come.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.vaporchange.com/direct-vapor-30-foot-nichrome-wire", "date": "2023-12-02T14:47:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100427.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202140407-20231202170407-00500.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9067729711532593, "token_count": 113, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__214679318", "lang": "en", "text": "Direct Vapor 30-Foot Nichrome Wire Description:\nNichrome wire is perfect for rebuildable atomizers, and especially good for building sub-ohm coils. Nichrome has a lower resistance per length, compared to Kanthal, which means that it will heat up much faster. Additionally, Nichrome is the preferred alternative to Kanthal for cloud chasers, since it heats up noticeably faster.\n- 1 x Pack of 30ft Nichrome Wire\nWARNING: This is an advanced Item. Please use at your own risk and always use proper precautions and handling.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ossc.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=239344&module_id=61834&sl=1127538847", "date": "2019-09-17T17:35:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573098.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917161045-20190917183045-00483.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9093871116638184, "token_count": 1649, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__32429819", "lang": "en", "text": "Website Technical Chair\nOSSC Fellow & President (2009-2010)\nBob Cartland is an optical engineer and applied physicist with expertise in the design, fabrication and testing of optical components, photonic devices and optical systems. Bob earned a BA in Physics from Oberlin College and an MS in Electrical Engineering -Electrophysics from the University of Southern California with an emphasis on photonics.\nAfter graduating from Oberlin College, Bob worked as a Staff Scientist at EIC Laboratories in Norwood, Massachusetts, where he developed photoelectrochemical etching processes used for fabricating Echelle diffraction gratings, infrared mesh filters and x-ray gratings in semiconducting materials (GaAs, SiC and Si). At EIC labs, Bob developed and refined processes for optical grinding and polishing, photolithographic patterning and thin film coatings used for semiconductor optical device fabrication. At EIC Labs, Bob also prepared several SBIR proposals generating over a million dollars in funding.\nBob left EIC Labs to pursue graduate work at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. At USC, Bob worked with Anupam Madhukar and Armand Tanguay developing, fabricating and testing strained III-V semiconductor (InGaAs/AlGaAs) multiple quantum well, asymmetric Fabry-Perot, spatial light modulators for use in optical neural networks. Bob optimized the modulator etalon design using thin-film analysis tools he developed using Mathematica combining layer propagation matrices and Kramers–Kronig relations to model electro-absorption based refractive index changes in the multiple quantum well region. Bob also grew the required distributed Bragg reflectors and multiple quantum wells using molecular beam epitaxy and processed the devices using photolithography, etching and thin-film deposition techniques. Bob developed the first photolithography process used at the USC Center for Photonics Technology Class 10 clean room and fabricated the first devices made in the facility. Bob developed a refined etching technique to tune and optimize the etalon wavelength for 980 nm operation. Bob also developed techniques to characterize the electrically biased spatial light modulator pixels using a tunable Ti-sapphire laser and Mitutoyo long working distance objectives and explored the efficiency of the resonance cavity devices as detectors. Bob set a world record for large, uniform arrays of high speed light modulators operating at 980 nm. Bob’s spatial light modulators and detector arrays were among the earliest devices successfully bonded to Si based CMOS control and readout integrated circuits (ROIC) using In bump flip-chip bonding. At USC, Bob also supported the fabrication and testing the first quantum dot lasers using InAs self-assembled quantum dots.\nFollowing USC, Bob worked briefly for the Materials and Processes organization of Boeing Satellite Systems performing failure analysis on electronic components and materials and also serving as the limited shelf-life materials control point. After Boeing, Bob worked for several years as a Sr. Physics Engineer in the Optics and Lasers Department at Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) in El Segundo, California. At Raytheon, Bob supported the development of thin-film optical components using the TFCalc thin-film analysis tool. Bob supported the development of numerous components including dichroic beam splitters and optical filters for use in space and airborne optical sensors. Bob’s designs include highly efficient dichroic beam splitter based on a cold mirror with simultaneous high visible light rejection and efficient transmission of an alignment laser.\nAt Raytheon, Bob also served for several years as the Technical Manager of the Scatter and Spectrophotometry Laboratory. In this role, Bob developed optical test systems and provided creative solutions for test and measurement problems involving light scatter measurement to determine BSDF (Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function); spectrophotometric transmittance and reflectance measurement from 180 nm to 25 microns wavelength; and optical profilometry for surface roughness and dimensional analysis. Bob led or supported over one hundred characterization projects testing primarily optical but also electrical and mechanical materials, components and assemblies. Bob’s work at Raytheon included material and component qualification; radiation exposure, thermal cycling and humidity exposure studies; root cause failure analysis and the investigation of novel materials including SiC metamaterials, radome materials, SiC and Be optical components and various other materials operating in the ultraviolet through the far infrared wavelength regimes with the occasional X-ray and RF material or device. Bob also developed a technique to measure the transmittance of infrared lens assemblies used in a tactical airborne sensor. This technique allowed the comparative testing of hundreds of lens assemblies keeping a multi-million dollar production line in operation. Bob also developed a technique to measure interface scatter and reflectance using a hemisphere and modeled the system using thick lens analysis. This method was used to test several thermal optical interface materials for high power planar waveguide lasers.\nWhile at Raytheon, Bob also first championed the implementation of a Finanium Supercontinuum (SC) laser (operating from 400 to 2500 nm) for scatter measurement. Bob used the SC laser to develop measurement techniques to quantitatively address optical cross-talk problems occurring in butcher block optical filter arrays in the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) used on the NPOESS Preparatory Project weather satellite launched on October 28, 2011. Bob’s used his combined knowledge of optical scatter and thin-film materials to explain puzzling infrared scatter data from a VIIRS mirror that confounded the VIIRS Chief Engineer, a Raytheon scatter subject matter expert and two engineering fellows in the Optics and Lasers Department. Bob also used the supercontinuum laser to develop a non-destructive technique to measure the internal reflectance of a laser cavity using a modified integrating sphere theory to model the diffuse reflectance within the cavity. At Raytheon, Bob also served as the scatter measurement facility’s laser safety coordinator, preparing the lab’s safe operating procedure which was used as a standard template by the Raytheon SAS safety office and numerous laser labs. Bob also developed challenging laser safety eyewear for use with the 5 Watt supercontinuum source (400 to 2500 nm) combining two commercially available laser eyewear filters in series to provide the required broad band protection. Bob has also collaborated with NIST on several round robin laboratory investigations and the 2010 OSA Optical Thin-Films Measurement Problem where his scatter data were featured in the final presentation.\nBob has over 40 published papers and presentations including three “best in show” awards for his presentations at Raytheon internal technical symposiums. Bob is a member of the IEEE, The IEEE Photonics Society, the Optical Society (OSA) and the Optical Society of Southern California (OSSC). Bob established and served as President of the OSA Student Chapter while a graduate student at USC. The OSA student chapter meetings featured Milton Chang, USC Professor Alan Willner and a joint programming event with the OSSC including lab tours of USC and a presentation by USC Professor P. Daniel Dapkus.\nBob has served the OSSC in numerous leadership positions. He is the current OSSC Website Chair and served as OSSC President in 2009-2010. Meetings during Bob’s term as President included: “Did the great Masters \"Cheat\" Using Optics?” by David Stork, “3-D Video Without Glasses” by Steve Hines, “Getting to Space for Less Cost” by SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell and the 2010 OSSC LaserFest event (50th anniversary of the first working laser) which included over 180 attendees (a modern OSSC record). While OSSC President, Bob also led a complete revision of the OSSC website, including the implementation of online membership management, events management and payment processing.\nBob lives in Southern California with his wife Donna and three daughters.\nRobert F. Cartland", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://wccfa.com/portfolio-item/gloria/", "date": "2020-10-20T08:49:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107871231.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20201020080044-20201020110044-00242.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9924856424331665, "token_count": 170, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__124163788", "lang": "en", "text": "The painting surface is a moderately thick varnish, which was scorched by heat.\nThe varnish had to be reduced from the surface of the painting.\nLosses and irregularities were inpainted\nThe painting was damaged in a fire. The painting surface was protected by a moderately thick natural resin varnish, which was scorched by heat and severely discolored to brown and black. Due to extreme heat, there was extensive flaking and losses of paint around the edges.\nThe severely scorched varnish coating was reduced from the surface and the soot on the reverse of the painting was removed. The flaking paint was consolidated. Minor losses of the paint film were filled. Losses and irregularities were inpainted, using a referential aid of a pre-fire damage photograph provided by the owner.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://kudzue3.com/how-asphalt-paving-works/", "date": "2024-04-20T00:01:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817463.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419234422-20240420024422-00881.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.936268150806427, "token_count": 497, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__192045178", "lang": "en", "text": "Asphalt paving is a common method for creating smooth and durable roadways, parking lots, and other surfaces. The process of asphalt paving involves several steps, each of which plays an important role in creating a strong and long-lasting pavement. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how asphalt paving works.\n- Site Preparation\nThe first step in asphalt paving is site preparation. This involves clearing the area of any debris, vegetation, or other materials that could interfere with the paving process. The site is then graded and leveled to create a smooth and even surface.\n- Base Course\nThe next step is to lay a base course of gravel or crushed stone. This base course helps to provide a stable foundation for the asphalt pavement and helps to prevent cracking and other forms of damage. The base course is typically compacted and leveled to ensure that it is even and uniform.\n- Binder Course\nOnce the base course is in place, the binder course is added. The binder course is a layer of asphalt that is designed to bond the base course to the surface layer of asphalt. It is typically thicker than the surface layer and provides additional strength and stability to the pavement.\n- Surface Layer\nThe surface layer is the final layer of asphalt that is added to the pavement. This layer is designed to provide a smooth and even surface for driving, walking, or other activities. The surface layer can be customized to meet specific project requirements, such as color, texture, and thickness.\nOnce the surface layer is in place, the pavement is compacted using a roller or other compaction equipment. This helps to ensure that the asphalt is evenly distributed and that all air pockets and voids are eliminated. Compaction is a critical step in the paving process, as it helps to ensure that the pavement is strong, durable, and long-lasting.\nAfter the pavement has been compacted, it is allowed to cure for several days or weeks, depending on the weather conditions and other factors. During this time, the asphalt hardens and becomes more resilient, which helps to prevent cracking and other forms of damage.\nIn conclusion, the process of asphalt paving involves several steps, each of which plays a critical role in creating a strong and long-lasting pavement. By following these steps, asphalt paving contractors can create smooth, durable, and safe surfaces that can withstand heavy traffic and harsh weather conditions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.signcomplexvideo-en.com/led-tube-production-line.html", "date": "2019-02-20T13:12:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247495001.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220125916-20190220151916-00482.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9206133484840393, "token_count": 443, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__2036518", "lang": "en", "text": "Signcomplex’s LED tube production line utilizes fully automatic equipment imported from foreign manufacturers. It efficiently performs solder paste printing, surface mounting, reflow soldering and automated optical inspection procedures in a single run. Each product completed on the line undergoes a wide variety of aging tests and quality inspection to ensure our LED light tubes are of the highest quality.\nThe high-speed SMT placement equipment is imported from overseas. It has a laser identifier that scans a reflective marker on the PC board to orient the head to the board. Precision reaches up to 0.005 mm. Both 0201 and 0402 components can be placed on this machine. Additionally we can realize automatic change of materials. The entire process is conducted under strict supervision of our QC inspectors. Each day our surface mount capacity reaches 3 million pieces.\nThere are 10 temperature zones available for constant-temperature soldering applications. In each temperature zone, we perform constant-temperature testing once every two hours, thus ensuring our devices are soldered at the same temperature. Testing on each and every product can comply with the industry related standard.\nA high-precision automated optical inspection system is employed to accomplish a comprehensive range of testes on every product, whereby a camera scans over the parts under test.\nFully automatic wave soldering is a process used to measure the density of high- and low-peak values in an automated mode. Zero-defect soldering is performed on through-hole components. The daily production capacity reaches 4 million points.\nThe semi-automatic assembly line executes a standard operating procedure. The adoption of IPQC (Input Process Quality Control) can ensure every manufacturing operation meets industry related standard. Each day we can assemble 50,000 pieces of finished products.\nThe automatic aging line can accomplish a wide range of operations, such as high- and low-temperature aging, impact aging, and integrated aging under various simulated environments. The fully automatic aging line can process over 100,000 pieces of LED tubes each day.\nAfter aging has been completed, the finished products will undergo a full range of tests and await delivery. We need to recheck whether the product has any quality defect.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://omegaunderground.com/mastery-of-precision-exploring-the-advantages-of-tig-welding-technology/", "date": "2023-12-10T23:32:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102697.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210221943-20231211011943-00140.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.877743661403656, "token_count": 953, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__222599261", "lang": "en", "text": "In a diverse industrial landscape, TIG welding technology extends manufacturing processes, enabling manufacturers to create precise components that meet the highest precision, quality, and integrity standards. TIG welding provides high-quality welds for product performance and safety, whether in the aerospace, automotive, medical, or jewelry industry. The article explores the advantages of TIG welding that make it a sought-after choice for various industrial welding applications.\n1. Narrow Weld Pool for Minimal Distortion\nTIG welding produces a unique narrow weld pool thanks to the tungsten electrode. The narrow pool localizes the heat input, minimizing the risk of warping or distortion in the base material. That’s crucial in precision welding because it ensures that the workpiece retains its original shape and dimensions, meeting stringent quality standards.\nAn experienced TIG welder can control the weld pool’s size by adjusting these crucial parameters. For example, if the welder wants to produce a narrow weld pool, they can use a smaller diameter tungsten electrode, a lower amperage setting, and a faster travel speed.\nThe feature makes precision TIG welding indispensable in applications involving thin materials, intricate designs, or components that demand minimal distortion, such as aerospace components, medical equipment, and electronics manufacturing. The technology’s ability to maintain precision makes it a game changer in various industrial sectors.\n2. Shielding Gas for High-Quality Welds\nTIG welding relies on shielding gas to protect the weld from oxidation and contamination, a critical aspect of precision welding. This technology ensures a clean, high-quality weld by preventing issues like porosity or cracks. The importance lies in the weld’s reliability and integrity, meeting stringent industry standards.\nThe choice of shielding gas in TIG welding is critical and may depend on the component’s material and the desired welding characteristics. For example, Argon is a common shielding gas due to its exceptional inertness and cost-effectiveness. At the same time, helium is vital when welding non-ferrous metals like aluminum or when there’s a need for higher heat input.\nIt’s especially crucial in applications where the slightest imperfection could have dire consequences, such as nuclear reactor components, aerospace structures, or semiconductor manufacturing, making TIG welding a game changer for achieving uncompromising weld quality and performance, tailored to the specific requirements of each welding task.\n3. Skillful Control for Precision\nTIG welding is a skillful manual process granting experienced welders complete control over the operation, making it indispensable in precision applications. The hands-on approach allows skillful control for precise weld placement and the flexibility to make real-time adjustments as necessary. It’s a technique that empowers welders to craft precise, high-quality welds with flexibility, which is crucial in adapting to unique welding needs.\nThe importance of this control is paramount in applications demanding fine detail and minimal defects, like aerospace components, automotive parts, and delicate instruments. However, the technique requires an adept welder to blend TIG equipment and hand skills to produce quality and precise welds with the desired characteristics and a quality weld.\n4. Versatility in Material Compatibility\nTungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding stands out for its remarkable versatility in handling an extensive range of materials, including ferrous materials like stainless steel and non-ferrous materials such as aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel alloys, magnesium, carbon steel, brass, and bronze. The technique achieves adaptability by using a non-consumable tungsten electrode and an inert gas shield, preventing oxidation and contamination during welding.\nTIG welding’s compatibility with ferrous and non-ferrous materials makes it a preferred choice for precision welding in various industrial applications. However, to ensure optimal results, it is imperative to engage the services of an experienced TIG welding company like Micro Weld, Inc., capable of selecting the correct electrode and shielding gas for each specific task for the best results.\nEmbrace the Versatility and Quality of TIG Welding with Experienced Welders\nTIG welding’s precision, quality, and unmatched versatility make it indispensable in meeting diverse industrial welding demands. Its ability to seamlessly fuse an array of materials while preserving weld integrity highlights its crucial role in maintaining the highest standards of craftsmanship. TIG welding stands as a testament to the welding industry’s evolution, where adaptability and excellence converge to shape the future of precise, durable, and reliable welding solutions.\nLaila Azzahra is a professional writer and blogger that loves to write about technology, business, entertainment, science, and health.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.thokbikes.com/en/news-home?kid=686", "date": "2023-12-05T15:14:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00274.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9392669796943665, "token_count": 1123, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__243135648", "lang": "en", "text": "June 28th, 2023\nTHOK E-Bikes has always invested substantial resources in research and development. The bikes in their range are not built using open mold frames but are all designed from scratch. This entails crossing unexplored territory in the development phase.\nTHOK's goal is to create innovative, high-performing, and fun e-bikes characterized by a certain uniqueness and Italian style, signed by Aldo Drudi’s D-Perf.\nAll models in the range have distinctive features resulted from meticulous work and study, technical testing, and countless hours of trail testing. Over the years, many winning solutions have emerged from this constant research and the company's know-how:\n- the MIG's low gravity center, achieved by positioning the battery under the down tube, optimizes weight distribution and makes it one of the most intuitive, high-performing, and fun all-mountain e-bikes in the industry;\n- the solid front end of the TK01, which provides precision in handling and stability when tackling rough terrain at high speeds, as well as the maximum verticalisation of the integrated battery to maintain a low gravity center;\n- the geometry of the GRAM, representing the highest expression of the enduro concept with its technical climbs and descents, achieved through careful calculations and a balance of extreme angles, the result of in-depth studies on carbon fiber.\nTHOK has always been synonymous with study, research and innovation, and now it is also a pioneer in the use of new technologies for the development of e-MTBs.\nIn collaboration with the company \"Materialise,\" it is the world's first e-bike brand to have experimented with 3D printing in metal (Selective Laser Melting - SLM) to create a fully functional prototype of a full-suspension e-MTB made of aluminum.\nA moulded but perfectly rideable prototype\n\"THOK Project 4\" (P4 is the temporary acronym until the bicycle takes its final form and name) is the embryo of what will become the first \"light e-MTB\" in carbon fiber by THOK in 2024, featuring a Bosch SX motor and battery modularity (400 / 545 / 725 Wh + range extender).\nThe development is currently underway, and some technical choices are still being evaluated, such as integrated or semi-integrated battery, component configuration, and geometric decisions. However, the frame created through 3D prototyping is already being tested on the technical trails of Finale Ligure and the Alba (THOK E-Bikes headquarter).\nLet's delve into some aspects of this innovative prototyping technology.\nAdvantages and difficulties\nThe aim of rapid prototyping with 3D printing is to produce working models, which allow geometry, suspension and component integration to be tested.\nSLM makes it possible to make parts light enough to simulate the weights of the final carbon-fibre bicycle.\n“It is impossible to obtain a running prototype and reproduce the necessary battery and motor integration with a traditional method. There are components that are made by hydroforming, which require moulds, and which would not otherwise be prototype-able. Even carbon prototypes are not functional, they do not hold up on long field testing sessions. In this sense, the first fully moulded full-suspended e-bike we made solves a big problem”, explains THOK industrial designer Luca Burzio, who follows the projects from the engineering side.\nTechnology, materials and the right partner\nFor such a delicate transition, THOK looked for a partner, a travelling companion of excellence. The choice fell on Materialise, a Belgian company with offices in 20 countries around the world. They specialise in 3D printing for the aerospace, automotive and medical sectors.\nThe technology is Selective Laser Melting (SLM): this is an additive manufacturing procedure that uses lasers to melt metal powder. For the Thok P4, an alloy of aluminium and silicon (AlSi10Mg) was chosen, as it is the most suitable in terms of strength, thermal properties, weight and post-machining flexibility.\nThe challenge faced by THOK and Materialise\n“In the past, we used to make successive revisions of projects. We studied no less than three prototype frames before making the first running model. With the Thok P4, the first revision is already a model with the thicknesses and distances typical of carbon fibre, produced to be assembled and above all pedalled with a feeling very close to the definitive bike”, explains THOK CEO Stefano Migliorini.\nThis challenge has confronted THOK and Materialise with problems never faced before and has been a learning curve for both of them, especially when it comes to the interaction of metal moulded parts, as well as the machining of the kinematic mechanism housings and component interfaces.\n\"The project with THOK allowed us to extend our experience into the bicycle sector and set the metal 3D printing to a new level. This collaboration gave us the opportunity to refine our metal additive manufacturing capabilities to find answers to the precise requirements of the Italian company”, explains Simone Cannella, business development manager at Materialise.\nThe future of 3D printing is yet to be seen, but the experimentation carried out by THOK and Materialise is a pioneering chapter in this story that will bring innovation to the entire global e-bike industry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ntsamega.com/blog/laser-cladding-vs-laser-hardfacing/", "date": "2024-02-21T09:53:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473401.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221070402-20240221100402-00191.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8978272676467896, "token_count": 780, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__120536472", "lang": "en", "text": "Want To Know The Difference Between Laser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing In The Oil And Gas Industry?\nSurface protection and restoration are crucial for equipment and components subjected to harsh operating conditions in the oil and gas industry. Two commonly employed techniques for surface modification are laser cladding and laser hardfacing. While they both utilize laser technology, there are key differences in their application, process, and benefits.\nLaser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing – what’s the difference?\nAlso known as laser metal deposition (LMD), Laser Cladding is a process that involves melting and fusing a powdered or wire feedstock material onto a substrate using a laser beam. The added material forms a protective layer, enhancing the mechanical properties and resistance to wear, corrosion, and erosion. Here are the key features and benefits of laser cladding:\n- Versatile Application: Laser cladding allows for the deposition of a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites. This versatility enables tailored solutions for specific application requirements.\n- Enhanced Component Performance: By selectively adding material to critical areas, laser cladding enhances the mechanical properties, wear resistance, and surface finish of components. It can restore worn or damaged parts and extend their service life.\n- Improved Efficiency: Laser cladding provides localized surface modification, minimizing material waste and reducing the need for expensive materials. It offers precise control over the thickness and geometry of the cladded layer, resulting in efficient resource utilization.\nLaser hardfacing, also referred to as laser welding, is a process that involves depositing a wear-resistant material onto the surface of a component. The goal is to create a hardened layer that can withstand abrasion, impact, and extreme operating conditions. Here are the key features and benefits of laser hardfacing:\n- Wear Protection: Laser hardfacing provides a durable, wear-resistant layer on components, protecting them from abrasive and erosive forces encountered in oil and gas applications. It helps prolong component life and reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement.\n- Controlled Heat Input: The laser hardfacing process allows for precise control of heat input, minimizing the risk of thermal distortion and preserving the integrity of the base material. This is particularly beneficial for critical components and intricate geometries.\n- Increased Operational Reliability: By enhancing the wear resistance and hardness of components, laser hardfacing improves operational reliability in challenging environments. It ensures the continued performance of equipment exposed to high temperatures, corrosive fluids, and abrasive particles.\nWhat does this mean?\nWhile both laser cladding and laser hardfacing involve the use of lasers and depositing materials onto surfaces, the key differences lie in their objectives and application areas:\n- Laser cladding aims to enhance component properties and provide protection against wear, corrosion, and erosion.\n- Laser hardfacing focuses on creating a wear-resistant layer to withstand abrasive forces and extend component life.\n- Laser cladding utilizes a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and metal matrix composites, to tailor the surface properties.\n- Laser hardfacing predominantly employs wear-resistant materials such as carbides and alloys to provide hardness and wear protection.\nLaser Cladding – Watch NTS Amega Global In Action\nLaser Cladding vs Laser Hardfacing – in short\nIn summary, to answer ‘laser cladding vs laser hardfacing’ – these are best understood as surface modification techniques used in the oil and gas industry to enhance component performance and protect against wear and damage. Laser cladding offers versatility in material selection and improved efficiency, while laser hardfacing provides wear protection and controlled heat input. By understanding the differences between these techniques, operators can make informed decisions regarding surface protection and restoration, leading to improved equipment reliability, extended component life, and cost-effective maintenance", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://knifeinsight.com/what-is-6150-steel/", "date": "2023-09-30T14:11:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00320.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9189891219139099, "token_count": 2114, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__166053212", "lang": "en", "text": "When you look for knives and tools to buy, one way of checking its quality is to know more about the actual steel alloy used. So, what does it mean when whatever you’re buying is made with 6150 steel?\nThat’s what this guide is all about. You’ll know its general characteristics, chemical composition, the advantages it offers, and the drawbacks it comes with. You can find out if its hardness suits it for the tasks you need to do, and whether it’s resistant enough to corrosion.\nWe even compare the 6150 steel to other steels, so that you can check out alternative steels or to confirm if the 6150 steel is indeed the best steel for your needs.\nWhat is 6150 steel?\nWhat is 6150 steel? Quite a few people wonder about this because it’s not exactly very commonly used for knives and other common tools.\nBasically, it resembles the more known 5150 steel. The 6150 steel is also a medium-carbon chromium steel, and offers a nice combination of strength and toughness, along with some good hardenability.\nIn fact, 6150 steel is so similar to its 5150 counterpart that they basically have the same chemical composition. The main difference is the addition of vanadium to 6150 steel.\nCommon Uses of 6150 steel\nActually, 6150 steel is extensively used in the automotive industry. Its common applications include:\n- Pinions, gears and shafts. These are the parts that you’d find in cars and other vehicles.\n- Hand tool components. Some parts of hand tools may be made of 6150 steel.\n6150 Steel Chemical Composition\nLet’s take a look at the particular elements you can find in the 6150 steel alloy. Aside from iron, you also get:\nCarbon, 0.48% to 0.53%: As you can see, that’s not much carbon at all. But it’s substantial compared to low-carbon alloys and steels without any carbon at all. The carbon provides the strength and hardness for the material, and it makes the steel react better to heat treatment (this is the hardenability).\nOn the other hand, the relatively low carbon content makes the steel more ductile, and easier to forge, machine, and weld.\nManganese, 0.7% to 0.9%: at the most. Experts consider manganese as the most important element in steel next to carbon itself. It has similar properties to carbon, and often works in conjunction with carbon to give you the features you need. It boosts tensile strength and hardenability, but too much lowers ductility.\nPhosphorus, 0.04% at the most: You don’t want too much phosphorus, as it’s actually regarded as an impurity. Too much phosphorus leads to brittleness. But at this amount, it helps with the strength and with resistance to corrosion.\nSulfur, 0.04% at the most: This is another “impurity” that’s tolerated because it makes the steel easier to machine. But too much of it reduces the notched impact toughness and transverse ductility.\nSilicon, 0.2% to 0.35%: The silicon is a deoxidizer, meaning it removes bubbles from the steel when it’s in its molten state. It also dissolves in iron to strengthen it. It helps a bit with hardness as well.\nChromium, 0.8% to 1.1%: There’s hardly enough here to qualify the 6150 steel as stainless steel, since that needs at least 10% to 12% chromium. With this small amount, you do get increases for yield strength and hardenability, and it still helps a tiny bit for corrosion resistance.\nVanadium, 0.15%: The effects of vanadium are somewhat similar to carbon, manganese, and molybdenum. It boosts shock loading resistance, fracture toughness, and hardenability. It can also improve wear resistance and resistance to fatigue stress.\n6150 Steel Hardness\nThe 6150 steel can attain a decent hardness level, when compared to steels that have only low carbon levels.\nBut it doesn’t actually get hard enough to suit most knives. You can get it to a hardness rating of 55 HRC or so, if you’re lucky. Still, it’s good enough for hatchets and even swords.\nDoes 6150 Steel Rust?\nShort answer: yes. Its chromium level is too low for the 6150 to qualify as stainless steel. That means you shouldn’t get the 6150 steel wet, and you’ll need to get it dry when it does.\nProperties of 6150 Steel\nHere are the typical characteristics of 6150 steel.\nNot Too Hard At All\nThis is its characteristic feature that makes it a hard sell for use in knives. But you don’t need too much hardness for other implements, like swords and hatchets, and various components like gears and pinions.\nBecause it’s not too hard, it doesn’t retain its edge for very long. That’s why you’d need to sharpen it regularly.\nEasy to Sharpen\nHowever, as a consequence of its low hardness level, sharpening a 6150 steel edge is very easy to do. Even a sharpening stone will do the trick. You won’t need any complicated sharpening setup.\nThis is another side effect of its comparatively low hardness level. Harder steels are generally lower in toughness, meaning they become more brittle. But 6150 is tough, so it won’t break easily.\nThe toughness explains why you often find the 6150 steel used for the gears, engines, and other parts in automobiles. It’s also great with axes and hatchets, because you can use the steel to hack at wood and the tool won’t snap easily.\nHigh Tensile Strength\nTechnically, it means you’ll need an extremely powerful force to pull a structural beam made with 6150 steel to a point where the beam breaks. It can handle a huge amount of tensile stress, which is another reason for its popularity in automobile construction.\nSteels can gradually lose material over time due to constant abrasion. But the 6150 steel is quite resistant to abrasion, meaning it’s also resistant to normal wear.\n6150 Equivalent Steels or Alternative\nHow does the 6150 steel compare to other steels with somewhat similar characteristics or chemical composition?\n6150 Steel vs 4140\nThis comparison makes a lot of sense, because the 4140 steel offers the same sort of benefits that you’d also get from the 6150 steel. The 4140 steel is used extensively in many fields. It’s famed for its high fatigue strength, toughness, and resistance to impact and abrasion, like the 6150 steel.\nIts carbon content is just a teensy bit lower than in 6150 steel. The 4140 steel has more manganese, but it doesn’t have vanadium.\n6150 Steel vs T10 steel\nBoth of these steels are good choices for swords. The T10 steel contains a high level of carbon (1%) along with tungsten to make it more resistant to scratches. The T10 steel is also quite tough, and it’s regarded as a tool steel.\n6150 Steel vs 5150\nAs we’ve already mentioned. The 6150 steel is very similar to the 5150. They have the same exact levels for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. The 6150 steel does have a bit more chromium than the 5150 steel.\nWhat’s more notable is the addition of vanadium to 6150 steel, which the 5150 doesn’t have. While the addition is quite tiny, it’s very effective in boosting certain properties you’d want to see in the steel.\nIs 6150 Steel Good for Knives?\nNo, not really. It’s possible to make knives with 6150 steel, but then you’re limited by the relatively low hardness level you can attain. Other steels can make for harder steel that offers decent edge retention.\nAt least the 6150 steel is easy to sharpen, since it’s not too hard at all. Also, its toughness makes it a better option for hatchets and swords.\nIs 6150 Stainless Steel Good for Swords?\nYes, it’s a good choice. With the 6150 steel, you have a sword that won’t break easily because the 6150 steel is quite tough. That means it’s not brittle at all, so you won’t likely end up with a broken sword.\nYou’ll have to sharpen this sword often, since it doesn’t retain its edge very well. But it’s easy to sharpen, and it’s resistant to impact and abrasion.\nPros & Cons of 6150 steel\nYou don’t really use the 6150 steel for knives which you will use for slicing. It simply doesn’t give you the hardness and edge retention you’ll need for frustration-free use.\nBut as a chopper, it’s excellent. Its toughness allows you to use it for hatchets and axes. It’s also great for swords, as it won’t break easily. You may have to sharpen its edge constantly, but that’s easier to deal with than a broken sword!\nYou can at least be thankful that it’s used for numerous components in automotive engineering. For those purposes, the 6150 steel works great.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.reliant.in/about.html", "date": "2022-10-02T13:21:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337322.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002115028-20221002145028-00440.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8457224369049072, "token_count": 1258, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__200181865", "lang": "en", "text": "Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is one of the most experienced supplier, exporter, stockist and trader of Pipes, Tubes & Tubing in Carbon Steel & Alloy Steel, With an extensive experience of over 30 years Supplying seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy-steel boiler superheater and heat-exchanger tubes in Europe, Malaysia, United Kingdom (UK), India, Indonesia, Singapore, Dubai (UAE), China etc. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. has become No. 1 Supplier of Alloy Steel Pipes & tubes in UK from India. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is a specialist for Alloy Steel & Carbon Steel Seamless & ERW Pipes and Tubes, we maintain largest stock of India’s top notch Manufacturers of Industrial Pipes & tubes in Alloy Steel & Carbon Steel like Jindal Saw Ltd (JSL), Indian Seamless Metal Tubes Limited (ISMT) & Maharashtra Seamless Ltd (MSL). We maintain surplus inventory of Seamless & ERW Pipes & Tubes in order to maintain a consistent flow of products, in a extensive range of sizes. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. maintains a long term relationships with many of the world’s leading producers of Seamless and ERW pipes and Tubes in Alloy Steel, Carbon Steel and API 5L Gr.B.\nAll Our Steel Pipes & Tubes are Fully Tested and Certified\nWe have been named as excellent supplier of Qualified Industrial Tubes/ Tubing by our clients for several times. The group acquired the Right to Export and Import of Private Manufacturing Enterprises in 2004. With the leading product quality and advanced production ability, the group was entitled an associate member of National Steel Tube Association in 2005. Pass API 5CT and API 5L Certification in the year of 2006, and PED EU Certification.\nWe maintain ready stock of seamless steel tubes size ranges from OD:Φ10～Φ730 mm with wall thickness: S1~80 mm; hot finished seamless steel tube diameters range from Φ108~Φ219 mm with wall thickness S5~32 mm in our live inventory seamless steel tubes for construction, fluid conveyance tubes, high/ medium/ low pressure boilers tubes, dew point anti-erosion steel tubes, high carbon and chrome bearing steel tubes, cold-drawn or cold-rolled precision steel tubes, seamless steel tubes in special shapes, API series oil well pipes, JIS/ DIN/ ASME/ EN series seamless tubes, seamless steel tubes for supporting can be shipped immediately. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is also stock well cold-drawn seamless steel tubes of internal threads, seamless steel tubes for ship building, seamless steel tubes for diamond core drilling, seamless steel tubes for hydraulic pillar service and various alloy steel tubes.\nReliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. has more than 300 employees among which over 170 are technicians & engineers worked with world’s leading companies in different sectors Like: Oil & Gas, Solar Power, Energy etc. So they understand the customer need & industry requirements very well, while supplying to few world-famous companies. We have developed an outstanding team excelled in production, technology and management, and established a strict quality control check before exporting Steel Pipes & Tubes worldwide.\nSpecialised Distributor, Supplier, Trader & Exporter of IBR approved tube/ pipe in India\nReliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is largest distributor & supplier of IBR Approved pipe & Tube from ½-NB to 20-NB. We maintain largest stock of IBR Approved Seamless Pipe. Reliant Pipe & Tubes Pvt. Ltd. is No. Exporter & Stockist of IBR Pipe of Jindal Saw Limited & ISMT Ltd., we supply & export IBR Approved Pipes & Tubes with IIID – International Institute for Information Design certificate.\nCheck Our Online inventory & Price of below Industrial Pipes & Tubes:\n- High-pressure pipe, ASTM A519 pipe, API 5L X52 Pipe, API 5L X60 Pipe, API 5L X65 Pipe, High-pressure Seamless pipe, P22 Pipe.\n- Low Temperature Service Pipe, LTCS Pipe & Low Temperature Carbon Steel pipe, ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe.\n- High Temperature Service Tube, Heat Exchanger tube, Carbon Steel Seamless tube, Alloy Steel Seamless tube, High Temperature Alloy Steel tube.\n- EIL Approved Pipe, EIL Approved Tube.\n- High Temperature Service Pipe, Heat Exchanger pipe, Chrome Moly pipe, High Temperature Steel Pipe, High Temperature Carbon Steel pipe, High Temperature Alloy Steel Pipe, ASTM A 106 Grade B Pipe, Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe.\n- Low Temperature Service Tubes, LTCS Tube, Low Temperature Carbon Steel tube, ASTM A334 tube.\nAccreditation & Certificates\nISO 9001:2008 Certified Company\n- API 5L Grade B Pipe\n- Alloy Steel Pipe\n- Stainless Steel Pipe\n- Carbon Steel Pipe\n- ASTM A672 Pipe\n- Nickel Alloy Pipe\n- Zirconium Pipe\n- Copper Nickel Pipe\n- ST 52 Pipe\n- ASTM A790 Welded Pipe\n- Duplex 2205 Pipe\n- Super Duplex Pipe\n- Stainless Steel Round Bar\n- Carbon Steel Round Bar\n- Alloy Steel Round Bar\n- Hastelloy Round Bar\n- Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings\n- Stainless Steel Plate\n- Stainless Steel Coil\n- Gas Line Pipe\n- AISI 4140 Tube\n- AISI 4340 Tube\n- S355J2 Pipe\n- S235J2 Pipe\n- Cold Drawn Tube\n- Carbon Steel Sections\n- ASTM A500 Pipe\n- ASTM B163 Tube\n- ASTM A358 Pipe\n- Titanium Tube\n- Brass Pipe\n- Brass Round Bar", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://syntec4-us.com/product/lithium-2/", "date": "2022-08-08T04:00:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00164.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8507389426231384, "token_count": 344, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__93904057", "lang": "en", "text": "Mineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease suitable for general purpose applications in plain\nand anti-friction bearings.\nMineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease suitable for general purpose\napplications in plain and anti-friction bearings. Conforms to leading bearing\nmanufacturers specifications for general purpose industrial/automotive grease.\nOperating temperature range: -20˚C to 140˚C.\nAn extremely stable multi-complex soap thickened grease designed to provide greatly extended\nlubrication intervals in a wide range of non-arduous and arduous conditions in the most aggressive\nPin & Bush Grease\nA lithium thickened, tenacious grease incorporating graphite and molybdenum disulphide to\nprovide a high degree of protection against wear. Designed for heavy-duty and construction purposes.\nLithium Complex Moly\nA specially developed lithium complex grease fortified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) solid film\nlubricant for applications where the grease is required to cope with more arduous conditions, such as\nhigh loads, shock loading, wet and temperature extremes.\nA mineral oil, lithium thickened lubricating grease incorporating molybdenum disulphide. This\ngrease is suitable for applications where arduous working conditions are involved such as heavy\nloads and where dust and dirt are present.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://wvresearch.org/archives/18487", "date": "2024-02-21T04:36:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473370.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221034447-20240221064447-00301.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9135978817939758, "token_count": 686, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__127650050", "lang": "en", "text": "A new engineering research project at West Virginia University has the potential to make a demonstrable impact on the efficiency of electricity generation in the United States, decreasing carbon emissions and lowering costs for consumers.\nToday, natural gas turbines are responsible for generating more than a third of the country’s electricity supply. A $700,000 award from the United States Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, known as ARPA-E, will allow researchers from the Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources to develop a new method to burn the gases used at a higher temperature, which will result in a dramatic decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.\nThe award will be used to develop a brand-new class of materials using advanced 3D printing techniques that can increase the current base metal temperature of gas turbine systems from 1100 degrees Celsius to 1300 degrees Celsius and increase operating temperatures from 1600 degrees Celsius to 1800 degrees Celsius.\nAccording to Xingbo Liu, interim associate dean for research and Statler Endowed Chair professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, and principal investigator of the project, the new 3D printing technique will allow the use of refractory materials, a group of metallic elements that are highly resistant to heat and wear, to be used in place of traditional nickel-based alloys that are commonly used in the aviation and power generation industries.\n“According to ARPA-E’s analyses, such an increase of the operation temperature can lead to seven percent improvement in efficiency in the natural gas turbines used for electricity generation in the U.S.,” Liu said. “This represents a chance to save up to 15 to 16 quads of energy by 2050. A similar improvement in the turbines used for civilian aircraft represents another three to four quads of potential savings for U.S. air travel over the same time span.”\nLiu explained that refractory metals have a higher melting point than traditional materials used to build gas turbine systems. The introduction of the new set of materials allows the natural gas to be burned at higher temperatures to operate the system, which translates to improved efficiency of the system and a significant decrease in carbon dioxide emissions.\nThe resulting research will improve the efficiency of the energy generation sector by developing materials that increase producers’ efficiency and create positive economic benefits for industrial and public consumers nationwide.\n“This project is a combination of recent advancements in manufacturing and materials science,” Li said. “It could lead to the potential for us to develop next generation materials to use for turbines, which translates to lower cost, higher efficiency, and lower pollution.”\nARPA-E is considered the “crown jewel” of the Department of Energy’s programs, as they fund the most innovative and disruptive research in the US.\nDuring Phase 1, Liu’s research team will demonstrate proof of concept for alloy compositions, coatings and manufacturing processes through modeling and laboratory scale testing of basic properties. If successful, the team will be selected to receive additional funding for the development of selected alloy compositions and coatings, as well as the production of generic small-scale turbine blades to demonstrate manufacturability of designs.\nThe researchers will work in collaboration with the National Energy Technology Laboratory, Leidos, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Advance Manufacturing LLC to complete the 18-month Phase 1 project.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mineralsi.com/blog/2016/08/24/which-filter-media-long-term", "date": "2024-04-19T00:09:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00168.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9585427045822144, "token_count": 973, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__146376648", "lang": "en", "text": "Which Filter Media Long-term?\nSwimming pool sanitisation is essential to prevent potential waterborne diseases and to ensure that the pool water is clean and healthy. To optimise sanitation and maintain water clarity it is essential to first filter out any organic matter as well as undesirable micro-organisms and other impurities. The more effective the filtration, then there will be a lower demand for chemical treatment whilst effectively removing any potential pathogens. In this blog, we look at the pluses and minuses of different swimming pool filtration methods.\nIndustrial sand, typically known as quartz or crystalline silica, is used to trap unwanted residue from the pool. Sand is widely used because of its density and coarse grain and is also capable of resisting high temperatures. The water passes through the sand, where debris is trapped mainly by mechanical straining, after which the sand media is back washed taking the collected debris to waste.\nCurrently, SPATA standards (The Swimming Pool and Allied Trades Association) states that sand is the most popular type of filtration system, a method that goes way back to Roman times, but is now used mainly due to ease of installation and initial low cost. However, there is a significant drawback to using sand filtration – regular backwashing is required and this process leads to the loss of many litres of heated and chemically treated water which results in wastage across several areas. The lost water has to be replenished, reheated and chemically re-balanced. So, while the upfront cost of sand may be attractive, the ongoing costs involved in backwashing should be factored into the long-term cost of maintaining the pool.\nZeoclere30 is a highly efficient filter media and has proven to be an excellent way to reduce wastage generated through regular backwashing – making savings on energy, water, and chemical consumption.\nZeoclere30 handles different temperatures with ease and has a much faster clear-up rate than either glass or sand due to its osmotic properties. Because of its unique properties, Zeoclere30 is able to filter out high levels of concentrated ammonium brought into the pool by swimmers. Zeoclere30 is predominantly used in swimming pools, which are notorious for being affected by high levels of ammonium as Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps said so eloquently! Zeoclere30 removes a remarkably high level of ammonium, meaning that less chlorine is needed, thus reducing potential costs by up to 40%. Zeoclere30 has a purity level of 80-85% and can, therefore, improve water clarity by 60% more than sand filtration.\nFurther details on Zeoclere30 and its achievements can be viewed here.\nNewer on the market is glass media filtration. Recycled glass that is crushed and graded works in a similar way to sand filtration, and is being used increasingly for both public and residential pools. On the plus side, glass is durable and is said to be more effective than sand at improving water clarity. But note that the backwashing period will generally be similar to that of sand filtration. In terms of the quantity required for filtration, roughly 80% by weight of glass is needed compared to using sand. Generally, glass filter media is more expensive than other filtration systems, costing roughly 2-3 times more than sand, so the upfront cost is a key consideration. It should also be noted that there have been some industry concerns about some grades of glass returning tiny fragments into the pool water and some products that contained impurities such as odd debris.\nDiatomaceous Earth Filtration\nIn the 1960s Diatomaceous Earth (or DE filters) were the main method of filtration, however, in recent times concerns have been raised about carcinogenic possibilities from handling the product and they have largely been superseded by other media. DE filters are comprised of inert fossils that originate from diatoms, a unicellular form of algae. What is unique about these fossils is that instead of being made of calcium, they are made of silica, just like sand and glass. DE filters can trap underwater contaminants as small as 1 micrometer, and filter down to 5 microns. Despite exceptional levels of clarity in the water and overall high performance, DE can be rather uneconomical in terms of backwashing, as it needs a higher pressure to run than other types of filter media.\nWhich filter media you choose will depend on individual circumstances and priorities. Regardless of the type of filtration method and the filter specified, ensure that operators are aware of the filter pressure which generally should not exceed 20psi.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.icegearfitness.com/store/product.php?productid=16252&cat=257&page=1", "date": "2013-05-26T03:37:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706578727/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121618-00045-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8486490249633789, "token_count": 327, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__97534198", "lang": "en", "text": "About Ice Gear Fitness\n| my shopping bag (0)\nShop by category\nCrops & Shorts\nSizes & Fitting\nShipping & Handling\nClassic fit. Full back coverage. A must have for your collection. Left chest Diamond logo. Signature Ice-Wik technology. Made in Canada.\nFabric: 92% Nylon Tactel 8% Spandex with Anti-bacterial & wicking properties\nTACTELŽ fiber compares favourably with natural fibres, the easier care, good dye fastness and quick and easy drying all contribute to TACTELŽ fiber (and TACTELŽ fiber blend) garments requiring less detergent, less water and less energy to keep them looking good.\nTACTELŽ Fiber characteristics:\nThe inherent strength of TACTELŽ fiber enables the production of fabrics that are 3 times as tough (resilient) as those based on natural fibers.\nAccording to fl exural rigidity testing, TACTELŽ fiber is at least twice as soft as most other fibers.\nFabrics made with TACTELŽ fiber are at least 20% lighter than most other fabrics for the same cover value.\nTACTELŽ fiber dries 8 times faster than cotton.\nBreathability is one of the most vital properties in a fabric when it comes to comfort. The performance of fabrics made with TACTELŽ fiber meets these requirements.\nAdd to cart\nAdd to wish list\n© Ice Gear Fitness Apparel 2008-2013. All rights reserved.\nTerms & Conditions", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.stancecheck.com/products/stancecheck-dri-fit-team-t-shirt", "date": "2024-04-25T12:14:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297292879.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425094819-20240425124819-00404.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8087528944015503, "token_count": 157, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__67144230", "lang": "en", "text": "The StanceCheck Crew Dri-Fit T-Shirt is a high-performance, microfiber, polyester fabric that moves sweat away from the body and to the fabric surface, where it evaporates. Made from 100% Polyester, with an antimicrobial, moisture wicking knit, offering lightweight feel and superior performance. The StanceCheck Crew Dri-Fit T-Shirt is perfect for any workout or training session. Join the StanceCheck Crew Today!\n- 100% Polyester\n- Wicking / Antimicrobial Knit\n- Antimicrobial Controls the Growth of Odor Causing Microbes\n- Wicks Moisture Away from the Body\n- Heat Sealed Label\n- Double-Needle Hemmed Sleeves and Bottom", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.wadesaddlepads.com/quotebuild-your-own-pad/materialssaddle-pad", "date": "2015-01-30T06:19:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115856087.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161056-00049-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9603282809257507, "token_count": 521, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__68389739", "lang": "en", "text": "Internet Explorer Check\nWool Felt (Used on the top and bottom)\nThe felt we use is made to our specifications. It is a NEEDLED FELT with at least 80% wool. Since pressed wool felt never stops felting (getting thinner and harder with heat, moisture & pressure) we use the needled felt because it is made with shorter fibers than the pressed felt which keeps it from felting.\nPoly Felt (Used in the core of the 2000 series)\nPoly felt has been used for many years on saddle pads because it doesn't mat down and the fibers will move and conform to even out the pressure of the saddle. We have had a lot of success using it in our 2000 series pads.\nClosed Cell Foam (Used in the core and on the bottom)\nWe have used several closed cell foams over the years and we feel this is the best we have found for durability and shock absorption when used in the core of the pad or when used on the bottom of the pad next to the horse. This is the foam used in the core of the 1000 series pad and on the bottom of the core in the 2000 & 3000 series of pads to keep sweat from soaking into the core of the pad.\nOpen Cell Memory Foam (Used in the 3000 Series Pad)\nThis foam is probably the best shock absorbing material available. It will conform to your saddle and your horse eliminating pressure points. It is the fastest to return to its original thickness and the least temperature sensitive of the ones we tried. It will not get as hard in cold weather or as soft when body temperature is reached. It was made to absorb the shock of jet ejection seats, race car seats and many other applications. We use this for the core of the 3000 series pads.\nAir Gel Foam (Used in the Core-as an added feature)\nWe do not like air gel for saddle pads because it is very heavy, and while it will absorb shock from impact. it does not always relieve pressure points. The company we get this foam from uses the same material they make the air gel from, but they inject air into the liquid, and it makes a closed cell foam when cured. This makes it lighter and softer while keeping the shock absorbing properties of the gel. With the air cells throughout the foam it will help relieve pressure points. This foam can be added to the core of any of the pads. While this foam is very expensive, it is the best closed cell foam available for shock absorbing and evening out the pressure of your saddle.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.werthangranite.com/faqs/", "date": "2018-04-26T18:43:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948464.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180426183626-20180426203626-00379.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9355512857437134, "token_count": 1946, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__143935821", "lang": "en", "text": "Q: Can I use marble on my kitchen counters/bar countertops?\nA: Yes, but be aware marble (and limestone and travertine) are calcium carbonate, and their polished surface is more vulnerable to household acids including vinegar, mustard, catsup, citrus and a host of other food-related products. These acidic substances cause a chemical reaction, which will remove the polish. Additionally, marble and limestone can be scratched more easily than harder stones such as granite.\nQ: Why is granite preferred for kitchen/bar countertops?\nA: Countertops in kitchens and bar areas are often exposed to acidic substances such as lemon, vinegar, alcohol, and tomato sauce. Granite is the hardest and densest of all natural stones. The feldspar content keeps it water resistant and the silicates it contains won’t react with acid. These properties help granite resist staining and retain its fine luster over a longer period of time than other stones.\nQ: Why is marble preferred for bathrooms and fireplaces?\nA: Homeowners often enjoy bathrooms with bold colors and smooth, flowing patterns. Marble is the perfect choice for this application due to its wide spectrum of available colors. It also lends itself well to carved patterns and details, creating both traditional and artistic designs. While kitchen countertops are often exposed to acidic substances, bathroom countertops are more likely to be exposed to alkaline products, which do not react with marble.\nQ: How much variation can I expect from the sample of stone shown?\nA: Each stone is unique, and some types of stone display more variation between the pieces than others. Granites show little variation in color, but may have differing patterns and grain density. Slates tend to show a wide variation in color, even within a bundle.\nQ: Can I cut on my granite countertop?\nA: Granite is harder than your knife blades and will dull them very quickly if you use the countertop as a cutting surface. Always cut and chop on a wooden or plastic cutting board.\nQ: What care and maintenance of the stone products are recommended?\nA: Stone surfaces are very easy to maintain. Clean stone with stone cleaner or warm water and a mild liquid soap. Never use acid cleansers or abrasive chemicals on stone. Natural stone should be sealed after installation and every one to two years thereafter, depending on its application.\nQ: Why does natural stone need to be sealed?\nA: All natural stone including marble and granite, must be properly sealed to protect against staining. Without proper and regular sealing, granite and other natural stones, which are porous, can absorb spilled substances and leave unsightly stains and marks.\nQ: How often do I need to apply penetrating sealer to my natural stone surfaces?\nA: There is no set rule on how often to seal your natural stone. Sealing can be as frequent as six months for higher traffic areas on marble, slate, travertine and limestone or every couple of years for granite countertops. Also, some sealers provide for only a single application every ten years. Please review the guidelines for each individual sealer.\nQ: If a stain occurs, how do I remove it?\nA: If stains do occur, a stain remover may be required. Whereas, a cleaner will wash off surface dirt, a stain remover such as a poultice will actually act to draw out deep-seated dirt and stains from the stone’s pores. Several applications of a stain remover may be required for difficult stains, and darker marbles should be tested to make sure that the stain remover will not bleach the stone. For recurring problems, and/or a very deep stain, a professional stone fabricator should be contacted.\nQ: What does “COF” mean?\nA: Coefficient of Friction (“COF) rates the slip resistance of tile. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) recognizes several standard methods for measuring coefficient of friction for wet or dry surfaces. Tile used on commercial and residential floors should provide a safe walking surface in both wet and dry conditions.\nQ: What is a rectified tile?\nA: A tile that has been re-cut to achieve the same exact size in all the tile pieces produced.\nQ: How do I achieve the best from a Natural Stone installation?\nA: The final look of mixed tiles may fall short of appearance expectations, especially if the stone is variegated and veined. The installer should mix tiles from different boxes during the installation to achieve a more even, visually pleasing result in the finished surface. The homeowner should always look at the natural stone with the installer before the installation takes place. Moreover, it is highly recommended that the homeowner gets involved and discusses the stone layout with the installer in details to prevent misunderstandings from occurring.\nQ: How do I care for my Natural Stone floor?\nA: Dust mop interior floors frequently using a clean non-treated dry dust mop. Sand, dirt and grit do the most damage to natural stone surfaces due to their abrasiveness. Mats or area rugs inside and outside an entrance will help to minimize the sand, dirt and grit that will scratch the stone floor. Be sure that the underside of the mat or rug is a non-slip surface. Normally, it will take a person about eight steps on a floor surface to remove sand or dirt from the bottom of their shoes. Do not use vacuum cleaners that are worn. The metal or plastic attachments or the wheels may scratch the surface.\nA: Can floor tile be used on the wall?\nQ: Yes. Exterior applications require special precautions and installation methods. Please check with your installer or product manufacturer for application recommendations.\nQ: Can wall tile be used on the floor?\nA: Not in most cases. Please check with your installer or product manufacturer for application recommendations.\nQ: What is the difference between ceramic tile and porcelain tile?\nA: Porcelain tile is a type of ceramic tile. The major difference is that porcelain tile is harder and denser than other types of ceramic tile and that porcelain tile is frost-proof and impervious.\nA: What is porcelain tile?\nQ: Porcelain tile is a very high density product, fired at high temperatures and has superior durability and a low water absorption rate. The glazes on porcelain tile are known for a higher range of color variation, giving a rich custom look.\nQ: What is a through body porcelain tile?\nA: Through body porcelain tile is when the same color on the top goes all the way through. Even in extreme applications, these tiles tend not to show wear as the porcelain is quite durable (harder than granite) and the color goes all the way through. It can be used on exterior and interior floors and walls. It’s a great product for high traffic areas.\nQ: What is ceramic tile?\nA: Ceramic tile is a mixture of clays, molded into a shape and fired at high temperatures resulting in a hard body. This hard body may be left untreated or it may receive a glazed layer. The clay used to make the tile may be red, white or porcelain. The quality of the tile is based more on the manufacturing process than on the color of the body.\nQ: What is unglazed ceramic tile?\nA: It’s a type of ceramic tile which has no glazing or any other coating applied to the surface. The color is the same on the face of the tile as it is on the back. The most common unglazed tiles are porcelain tiles used in commercial areas with heavy traffic.\nQ: What is glazed ceramic tile?\nA: It’s a type of ceramic tile which has a glaze finish applied to the surface. Glazed tiles are available in both gloss and matte finishes. Glazing can provide a nonporous surface that is extremely stain resistant.\nQ. Will Solid Surface tops stain?\nA. Solid Surface Tops are nonporous and designed to resist stains. However, spills that have dried overnight or did not completely clean with a common household cleaner can easily be lifted with the use of a mild abrasive cleanser and a ScotchBrite™ pad. See the Use & Care Kit that comes with your tops for complete instructions.\nQ. Can I set a hot pan directly on Solid Surface?\nA. Although Solid Surface is semi-resistant to heat, a hot container just removed from a burner may scorch the surface. It is recommended that a trivet or hot pad is used when cooking. We also recommend allowing cookware to cool before placing them in Solid Surface sinks.\nQ. Can I cut directly on the surface?\nA. Although Solid Surface is extremely durable, it can be cut or scratched with a sharp knife. Always use a separate cutting board for all your kitchen cutting tasks. If minor cuts or scratches do occur, refer to your Use & Care Kit for instruction to repairing the tops.\nQ. Will Solid Surface scratch easily?\nA. Solid Surface products may be scratched by common household items including glass, ceramics, and steel. Please note that dark colors show wear and scratches more easily. If minor scratches do occur, refer to your Use & Care Kit for instruction to repairing the tops.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.angdipower.com/en/new/new-70-515.html", "date": "2023-03-26T00:39:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945376.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325222822-20230326012822-00128.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9100873470306396, "token_count": 473, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__66037173", "lang": "en", "text": "Can lithium battery chargers charge lead-acid batteries?\nThere are currently two types of lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries on the market. These two types of chargers cannot be mixed, otherwise the batteries will be scrapped directly. Because lead-acid battery chargers are generally set to two-stage or three-stage charging modes, the voltage levels of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries do not match. And there are many kinds of lithium batteries, battery performance and battery protection board parameters may be different. Therefore, lithium batteries do not have universal battery chargers like lead-acid batteries. Generally speaking, lithium batteries are shipped with a special charger. In order to protect the lithium battery, a special charger is required.\nAngdi company focuses on the production and research and development of lithium battery chargers, perfect ISO quality management system and enterprise ERP manufacturing system, and serves customers efficiently. Now, our high-quality products and services have been recognized by customers in various countries. Angdi lithium battery charger, you deserve it!\nHere are some things to note when charging lithium batteries:\n1. In order to extend the life of the lithium battery, the lithium battery needs to be frequently charged and discharged. To get into the habit of charging electric bikes after 80% of their power usage, you ca n’t wait to run out of electricity before charging. In addition, lithium batteries must not be stored for a long time.\n2. When charging the electric vehicle's rechargeable battery, the electric door lock must be closed, and the battery cannot be inverted. It should be fully charged at one time, and should not be charged in multiples.\n3, electrical appliances should not be stored in a state of loss of electricity, so when the battery is not in use, you need to fully charge the battery once a month.\n4. Lithium batteries require a matching charger when charging. Because the battery raw materials and the lithium battery production process are different, the technical requirements for the charger are different. Therefore, only using a dedicated charger for charging can make the lithium battery life longer. And prevent security risks.\n5. When the lithium battery is out of power, you should turn off the power and ride. You cannot use the rebound voltage to prevent serious loss of power. This can prolong the battery life", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://parkerinternational.cz/en/company/", "date": "2024-04-13T09:08:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413083102-20240413113102-00872.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9476988911628723, "token_count": 204, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156328086", "lang": "en", "text": "PARKER INTERNATIONAL CZECH s.r.o. (former name was PC INTERNATIONAL (CZECH) s.r.o.) was founded as a branch of the Parker Corporation Group in 2004.\nWe are a certified supplier of sound insulations, thermal insulations and air – filters for Europe´s producers of heat pumps, air-conditioning and ventilations systems. We innovate products according to the required specifications in order to optimize production, price and quality in cooperation with our customers.\nParker Corporation Group was established in Japan in 1951 and is engaged in research, development and in production of industrial machinery and equipment, acoustic materials, synthetic materials and chemical products. The company operates in a variety of industries around the world and works closely with its customers to research and develop their products and proposes solutions that reduce production costs and increase product value by design and quality. The Parker Coorporation Group uses the strength of cooperation with its foreign and local subsidiaries to satisfy its customers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.mathesonoptometristsblog.co.uk/2013/02/industry-welcomes-cadmium-use-ruling.html", "date": "2024-03-02T04:29:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475727.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302020802-20240302050802-00633.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9472173452377319, "token_count": 280, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__47080218", "lang": "en", "text": "Spectacle makers have managed to avert extra costs after a European body placed no further restrictions on the use of cadmium for metal spectacle frames.\nIt followed a consultation and review by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which concluded additional regulations for the chemical were not warranted.\nMalcom Polley of the Optical Confederation said: 'The ECHA has rightly recognised that the use of metals in spectacle wear differs from jewellery because of the use of nose pads and end pieces which protect the wearer.\n'Optical manufacturers are happy to comply with standards but these must be proportionate and we are pleased to see that this has been recognised by the ECHA.'\nThe need to further restrict the use of cadmium in metal spectacle frames fell outside of REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & restriction of Chemicals) provisions, which are European Union regulations that came into force in June 2007, a statement noted.\nThe Optical Confederation's Mark Nevin added: 'We welcome the conclusions in this report and would like to commend the collaborative approach the ECHA has taken in preparing this report.'\nThe Confederation has also responded to a consultation on the revision of European legislation on medical devices on behalf of the profession.\nIn relation to cosmetic contact lenses, it stressed that all contact lenses should be subject to 'the same harmonised standards and post-marketing vigilance systems'.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://supergluesupplier.adhesivesetc.com/32/about.html", "date": "2020-09-29T07:42:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401632671.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929060555-20200929090555-00329.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9362284541130066, "token_count": 274, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__160369556", "lang": "en", "text": "Taizhou Avatar Glue CO., LTD is a manufacturer of high quality a-cyanoacrylate adhesives (super glue), which are widely applied in electronic, timbering, furniture, plastic, rubber and glass areas. We pack Cyanoacrylate adhesives in plastic bottle, as well as small 3g aluminium tube with blister card. Main items are 401, 495, 416, 498, 406, 414, D-100, DGS-530, DGS-02, DGS818 and DGS-302 series, including low whiten and flexible super glue, super glue gel, and high performance glue for hardware mold area. The quality enjoys a good reputation. Please visit our website of www.tzdgs.com to learn more about our products.\nWith the highest technological level, our factory is able to provide products that meet customers' special requirements. Our products reflect our dedication in each critical step of production process, including artwork design, manufacture, filling, packing and transport. We offer our perfect products to satisfy all valued customers with both the best quality and competitive prices. We are committed to providing you with the most suitable products and make you more appealing to ultimate consumers.\nWe welcome you to inquire us by phone or Email and hope to build up businesses cooperation and friendship based on mutual benefits.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://kamaudio.com/Oyaide/Oyaide-FTVS-510", "date": "2021-09-27T20:30:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058467.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927181724-20210927211724-00333.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.891252875328064, "token_count": 508, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__238212085", "lang": "en", "text": "Pure Silver coaxial cable.\nQuantity per order: 0.5m.\n1.05mm 5N（99.9995％）pure silver\nFEP skin layer and foamed polyethylene\nCopper foil and silver plating braided copper\nUV coating polyurethane\nFor the core of FTVS-510, 5N jewelry grade pure silver, which is far better than industrial grade, is used. After being melted in a ceramic crucible, it is molded into 15mm diameter round bars. It is further reduced in diameter by means of 19 repetitions of the cold rolling process.\nAlthough the conductor is the most important factor in signal transmission, the insulator is also significant in enhancing the transmitting capabilities of the cable.\nFor the purpose of lessening signal loss, we employed PFA which provides excellent electrical isolation and low electric permittivity.\nFor the first insulation layer, we selected PE (Polyethylene) which keeps permittivity to a minimum and enhances the flexibility of the cable. This layering of these different materials not only enhances the conductor's electric capabilities but also attenuates internal vibration by altering the resonance point.\nAlthough PFA has a great electric characteristic, we needed to adopt a method for static electricity removal due to the fact that PFA charges easily.\nWhen signal flows in a cable, it generates ultra weak vibration by which cause the discharge of an electric corona.\nIn order to solve this problem, we installed Carbon PE as a semiconductor layer. By surrounding just the outside of the first insulation layer, its semiconductor layer helps to discharge static buildup from the PFA layer in an orderly fashion.\nThe ultra silent background of the FTVS-510 is provided by a triple-layered shielding structure.\nThe first semiconductor layer attenuates static noise and electric micro waves. The second copper foil shielding protects against high-frequency noise. The third, silver plated mesh shielding, protects against low-frequency noise. It also protects against high-frequency noise by means of the skin effect on the silver plating.\nThe clear urethane sheathing has the excellent mechanical strength and always maintains a stable level of hardness without being affected by temperature change. Moreover, due to its high shock absorption and degree of elasticity, polyurethane provides powerful isolation from vibrations.\n- Brand: Oyaide\n- Product Code: FTVS-510\n- Availability: In Stock", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.zzzyjx.cn/product/62088093728-803422371/Wall_Cladding_Aluminum_Sandwich_Sheet_Recycling_Machine.html", "date": "2019-09-22T23:18:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575751.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922221623-20190923003623-00482.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9108594059944153, "token_count": 570, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__173639432", "lang": "en", "text": "Our Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine can be used for recycling all kinds of aluminum and plastic composite such as medical blister, aluminum plastic plate, aluminum plastic foil, and aluminum plastic package bags etc.\nThe following picture is the result of testing the Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine by some customers. We will save and send samples of sorted aluminum powder and plastic powder for our customers, You can send your materials to us and we will test the machine for you without charging any fees.\nAluminum powder and plastic powder from medical plates\nWelcome to our factory and test the machine with the materials you specified\nIndia customer visited our factory for Wall Cladding Aluminum Sandwich Sheet Recycling Machine. He visited several suppliers during his tour in China and compared the aluminum powder separated from our system with those of other suppliers. He is quite satisfied with our equipment.\nTips: The more uniform of material particles after milling, the better the sorting result.\nThe aluminum and plastic materials firstly crushed by the knife crusher into 10mm pieces, and then grinding by the water cooling turbo type grinding machine into aluminum and plastic fine powders. Then separated by the rotary screen, the big size will back into the grinding machine and the fine powders will into the electrostatic separator, finally the aluminum and plastic would be separated.\nWe have rich experience in equipment manufacturing. Our machines have high reputation both at home and abroad (Such as the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa and so on more than 10 countries and regions.)\n2). Manufacturer, Not Dealer\nFactory direct sale makes price more competitive.Customers are always welcome to visit our factory for machine test.\n3). Fast Delivery:\nWe promise the goods can be shipped out on delivery date after confirmation of the order.\nQ: How do I know the quality of your machine?\nA: You can send your sample scrap materials to us and we will test the machine for you without charging the fees. And we can send the machine test video to you. We also warmly welcome you to visit our factory to test our machine personally.\nQ: When we only purchase one shredder machine production line, can we use it to shred other scrap materials like?\nA: Yes, you can. It depends on the difference of blades teeth and quantity, which can be customized.\nQ: Which brand of motor will you use?\nA: We use domestic motor manufatured by Chinese-famous suppliers, but you can choose Siemens or other brand motor. Don't worry about our machine's quality.\nQ: Will you dispatch the engineer to guide installation?\nA: Yes, according to the customer's requirement, we will dispatch engineers to guide installation and traning about the operation of the machine.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ripngrip.co.uk/Article/double-sided-tape", "date": "2024-04-13T15:52:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816820.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413144933-20240413174933-00607.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9116054177284241, "token_count": 945, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__154879173", "lang": "en", "text": "In today's fast-paced world, where efficiency and reliability are paramount, the importance of high-quality adhesive tapes cannot be overstated. At Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we understand the needs of businesses when it comes to secure bonding solutions. With our extensive range of industrial-grade single and double-sided adhesive tapes, we provide a comprehensive solution for all your bonding requirements.\nDouble-sided tape is a versatile and indispensable tool in various industries such as construction, manufacturing, automotive, and electronics. Its unique design allows for reliable adhesion on both sides, making it ideal for applications where traditional bonding methods may not be feasible or desirable. Let's explore some key advantages and applications of double-sided self-adhesive tapes:\nDouble-sided tapes offer exceptional bonding strength that can withstand extreme conditions, providing a secure and permanent bond between two surfaces. Whether you're looking to mount signs and displays or attach components in electronic devices, our range of industrial-grade double-sided tapes ensures long-lasting adhesion that you can rely on.\nOne of the standout benefits of using double-sided tape is its ability to create seamless aesthetics. Unlike traditional fasteners that may leave visible marks or disrupt the visual appeal of a product or surface, double-sided tape provides an invisible bond. This makes it an excellent choice for applications where appearance matters, such as in architectural installations or interior design projects.\nWith its ease-of-use and time-saving qualities, double-sided tape can significantly enhance productivity in various industries. The simplicity of application eliminates the need for complex tools or lengthy setup times associated with other bonding methods. By streamlining processes and reducing assembly time, businesses can achieve higher productivity levels without compromising on quality.\nAt Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we take pride in offering a wide selection of double-sided tapes to cater to diverse needs and applications. Here are some notable types of double-sided tapes available in our range:\nFoam tapes are a popular choice when it comes to bonding irregular or uneven surfaces. The compressible nature of foam allows for excellent conformability, ensuring maximum contact between the adhesive and the surface. This results in a strong bond that can withstand vibrations, impacts, and temperature fluctuations.\nFilm tapes provide exceptional strength and durability. They are commonly used in applications requiring high tensile strength or resistance to chemicals, moisture, and UV exposure. These tapes offer excellent adhesion to various substrates, making them suitable for challenging environments such as outdoor installations or automotive assembly.\nTransfer tapes consist of a thin adhesive layer coated on a release liner. They offer excellent adhesion properties and are ideal for bonding lightweight materials such as paper, fabric, or plastic. Transfer tapes provide a clean and neat finish without any visible adhesive lines.\nVery High-bond double-sided tapes are engineered to deliver superior performance in demanding applications. With their exceptional bonding strength, they can securely bond materials like metals, glass, plastics, and composites. High-bond tapes excel in situations where long-term reliability is crucial.\nWhen it comes to industrial-grade adhesive solutions, trust is paramount. Established in 1998, Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited has been providing businesses with high-quality products backed by our expertise and commitment to customer satisfaction.\nWith our extensive range of double-sided self-adhesive tapes and other industrial-grade bonding solutions, we strive to meet the diverse needs of our customers across various industries. Whether you require secure bonding for construction projects or need reliable tape solutions for manufacturing processes, our team is here to help.\nInvest in the versatility and reliability of double-sided self-adhesive tapes from Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, and experience the difference firsthand. Contact us today to explore our range or discuss your specific requirements.\nIn the world of industrial-grade bonding solutions, double-sided self-adhesive tapes have emerged as a versatile and reliable option. Offering secure bonding, seamless aesthetics, and enhanced productivity, these tapes are transforming the way businesses approach various applications.\nAt Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited, we understand the importance of providing top-quality products to meet the unique needs of our customers. With our extensive range of double-sided tapes, including foam tapes, film tapes, transfer tapes, and high-bond tapes, we offer a comprehensive solution for all your bonding requirements.\nChoose Indigo Industrial Supplies Limited for your adhesive tape needs and unlock the potential that double-sided tapes bring to your projects. Experience exceptional quality backed by expert knowledge and customer satisfaction. Contact us today to discover how our adhesive solutions can elevate your business to new heights.\nArticle Posted: 14/11/2023 16:08:42", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://shzhuiguang.com/engoods/show-15.html", "date": "2020-02-29T05:36:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875148671.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20200229053151-20200229083151-00367.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9102453589439392, "token_count": 307, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__142775721", "lang": "en", "text": "Building safety films are mainly used in building regulations where safety glass is required, such as building windows and doors, curtains, bulletproof, explosion-proof places, vehicles and ships, doors and windows and glass furniture, thermal shocks such as shower, steam Room, bath, sauna, etc., a large area of glass facades, stations and banks.\nBuilding safety film effect:\nTo prevent accidental flying or impact caused by broken glass on the human body or property damage. The safety film can hold the glass fragments firmly to prevent splashing.\n2. Unidirectional protection\nSafety film is better than bulletproof glass: not only in the light of almost no impact on the light under the premise of high-end bullet-proof glass only have the impact resistance, more unique one-way protection, that is, one-way from the outside to the indoor Shooting, and for the fight back from the room is no hindrance.\nThe safety film has the characteristics of resisting high temperature and prevents the damage caused by the thermal brittleness of the glass at high temperatures, delaying the softening collapse time of the glass under high temperature conditions.\n4. Environmental health function\nBuilding safety film UV blocking rate of more than 99%, so as to protect the skin from direct solar damage.\nBuilding safety film more than the average glass 500% hardness and 30000Psi high tensile strength, 160% high stretch, so that criminals or violent elements is not easy to break, delay its invasion time.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ciaaw.org/nickel.htm", "date": "2017-03-26T20:44:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189252.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00199-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8720771074295044, "token_count": 372, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__307633336", "lang": "en", "text": "|Isotope||Atomic mass (Da)||Isotopic abundance (amount fraction)|\n|58Ni||57.935 342(3)||0.680 769(190)|\n|60Ni||59.930 786(3)||0.262 231(150)|\n|61Ni||60.931 056(3)||0.011 399(13)|\n|62Ni||61.928 345(4)||0.036 345(40)|\n|64Ni||63.927 967(4)||0.009 256(19)|\nAll the chemical and mass-spectrometric measurements have agreed to establish a value of Ar(Ni) = 58.70(1). Nevertheless, that value is a little higher than the average (58.694) of Baxter's excellent determinations, whose credibility is increased by the proof of accuracy of the parallel work on the atomic weight of cobalt.\nAt its 1989 meeting, the Commission changed its recommended value for the atomic weight of Ni to Ar(Ni) = 58.6934(2) based on recent mass-spectrometric determinations. The excellent agreement between the average of the chemical values and this new determination illustrates the remarkable accuracy of the determinations of Baxter and associates. In addition, a comparison of the isotopic composition of nickel in many minerals, salts, and metals showed no statistically significant variations. Therefore, no additional allowance to the overall uncertainty was necessary because the isotopic composition of terrestrial Ni is apparently invariant within the measurement uncertainty. The Commission increased the uncertainty of the standard atomic weight of nickel in 2009.\nIt should be noted that the atomic weight of nickel is now one of the most accurately known for a polyisotopic element.\n© IUPAC 2003", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hsmstainless.com/news/news/stainless_steel_rolling_surface_processing.html", "date": "2023-05-30T01:57:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644915.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530000715-20230530030715-00693.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9413448572158813, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__78529436", "lang": "en", "text": "No.2B: This is the most commonly used in building applications. Except for the last slight cold rolling with a polishing roll after annealing and descaling, the other processes are the same as 2D. The surface is slightly luminous and can be polished.\nNo.2B Bright Annealing: This is a reflective surface that is rolled by a polishing roller and annealed in a controlled atmosphere. Bright annealing still keeps its reflective surface and does not produce oxide scales. Since there is no oxidation reaction during bright annealing, no pickling or passivation treatment is required.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nicoliareadymix.com/index-page_id=29.html", "date": "2020-01-23T08:25:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250609478.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123071220-20200123100220-00015.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.855718195438385, "token_count": 211, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__223242925", "lang": "en", "text": "The most advanced technology in colored concrete, the Chameleon liquid color system uses liquid color Hydro tint, instead of powders, to color concrete products. The system is completely computer automated and insures that each batch measurement is precise, creating a consistent and even blend of color throughout the entire slab, every time.\nNicolia Ready-Mix is the only ready-mix provider on Long Island to offer concrete products colored with the Chameleon system. The system, developed by Davis Colors specifically for ready-mix users, can create a wide assortment of different colors and is also capable of color matching and creating custom colors using liquid color will not compromise the strength or durability of the concrete, and the Chameleon system can be used to color any type of Nicolia’s ready-mix products.\nFor more information please call Nicolia Ready-Mix 631-669-7000 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.\nFor further information on the Chameleon liquid color system visit Davis Colors.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.aipusolidscontrol.com/what-are-the-applications-of-sand-and-mud-removers/", "date": "2024-04-13T00:52:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816465.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412225756-20240413015756-00381.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9031499624252319, "token_count": 490, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__13741955", "lang": "en", "text": "Desilters and desanders are important equipment used in various industries to remove solid particles from liquids. Commonly used in oil and gas drilling operations, these machines play a vital role in ensuring the efficiency and productivity of many industrial processes. In this blog, we will explore related applications of desilters and desanders, emphasizing their importance in different industries.\nOil and Gas Industry:\nIn the oil and gas industry, drilling fluids, or muds, are used in the exploration and extraction of oil. These fluids require precise control as they stabilize the borehole, remove cuttings and provide lubrication to the drilling mechanism. Desilter and desander units are an important part of the drilling mud treatment system. Desanders remove large particles, such as sand and rock, while desilters remove finer solids, such as silt and clay. By eliminating these solid particles from drilling fluids, desilters and desanders can increase overall drilling efficiency, reduce damage to drilling equipment, and minimize downtime.\nIn the construction industry, especially during the excavation of foundations of large structures, desilters and desanders have important application value. Effective separation of solids from water or slurry is critical to maintaining the quality of concrete used in construction projects. Desanders and desilters help remove unwanted particles and ensure the purity of the concrete mix. These machines enhance the integrity and longevity of structures by preventing the presence of abrasive or destructive elements that can weaken concrete.\nThe mining industry greatly benefits from the application of desilters and desanders. During the extraction of minerals or ores, large amounts of water are consumed. By using desanders and desilters, mining operations can maintain water purity, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact. These machines also play an important role in preventing heavy machinery from clogging and damage, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the mining process.\nIn summary, desilters and desanders are indispensable components in various industries and play a vital role in maintaining the efficiency and quality of different processes. From the oil and gas industry to construction and mining, these machines ensure the removal of unwanted solids from fluids, increasing productivity, minimizing equipment damage and reducing environmental impact. As technology continues to advance, desilter and desander applications will only continue to evolve, contributing to more efficient and sustainable industrial practices.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.hizook.com/blog/2009/03/19/new-artificial-muscle-material-superelastic-carbon-nanotube-aerogel", "date": "2017-03-28T02:29:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189589.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00062-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9366684556007385, "token_count": 1321, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__251625105", "lang": "en", "text": "There was a paper just released in Science (Materials) about \"Giant-Stroke, Superelastic Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Muscles.\" This is a rare case where I believe the research material far exceeds the buzzword hype! The new material responds to applied voltages by expanding 220% in a few milliseconds, operating in temperatures as low as liquid-nitrogen and as high as the melting point of iron. It has the strength and stiffness of steel (by weight) in one direction and yet is as compliant as rubber in the other two. It has extremely low density due its airy (aerogel) properties, is conductive, and transparent. This materials innovation has the potential to rejuvenate research on artificial muscles, which has generally been focused on shape memory alloys (i.e. nickle-titanium or Nitinol), piezoelectrics (such as PZT), or electroactive polymers (EAPs). Read on for a discussion about these alternative technologies, their drawbacks, and why this new material may be a game-changer!\nMost people know that I'm fascinated by robots and sensing. However, material science is another oft-neglected passion -- in a parallel universe, that would be my vocation. Thus, I'm fascinated by anything that combines the three, such as artificial muscles. Basically, existing efforts come in three categories:\n1. Shape Memory Alloys:\nThe most common shape memory alloy employed as an \"artificial muscle\" is nickel-titanium, or Nitinol. This material has been used in small novelty robots such as Stiquito (pictured) and in medical implants. Unfortunately, this material is power-hungry and has very slow (re)activation times, making it less compelling as a serious artificial muscle candidate.\nThere is a fair amount of work on piezoelectrics (such as PZT) as artificial muscles. These materials have high power density, high bandwidth, and high efficiency. Unfortunately, the strain (and stroke length) is very small -- on the order of 0.1%. This means that an artificial muscle of PZT must rely on strain amplification structures (shown) that add points of failure and seriously diminish their power-to-weight (and volume) ratio. In this subject, I am particularly fond of the work by Georgia Tech professor, Jun Ueda. If you're interested, his ICRA 2008 paper entitled \"Static Lumped Parameter Model for Nested PZT Cellular Actuators with Exponential Strain Amplification Mechanisms\" is worth reading.\n3. Electroactive polymers (EAPs):\nThere are numerous varieties of electroactive polymers -- one great place to read about them is in Electroactive Polymer (EAP) Actuators as Artificial Muscles: Reality, Potential, and Challenges. Generally, I find these extremely interesting and compelling as well. Despite the quest for the \"ultimate\" EAP, there are still numerous (technology-dependent) challenges: poor power-weight ratios, poor strain/force performance, issues with controllability, the requirement to keep them submerged (for the wet variety), etc. You may also check out the NASA webpage dedicated to the subject (they previously developed an EAP-driven hand, shown).\nResearchers at the UT Dallas Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute have demonstrated a fundamentally new type of artificial muscle, which can operate at extreme temperatures where no other artificial muscle can be used -- from below the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196° C) to above the melting point of iron (1538° C).\nThe discovery is reported in the March 20 issue of Science under the title “Giant Stroke, Superelastic Carbon Nanotube Aerogel Muscles.”\nOnce actuated (or put into motion) in a certain direction, these new artificial muscles can elongate 10 times more than natural muscles and at rates 1,000 times higher than a natural muscle. In another direction, when densified, they can generate thirty times the force of a natural muscle having the same cross-sectional area. While natural muscles can contract at about 20 percent per second, the new artificial muscles can contract at about 30,000 percent per second.\nThese artificial muscles are carbon nanotube aerogel sheets made by a novel solid-state process developed at UT Dallas. Sometimes called frozen smoke, aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from a gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. Aerogels are comprised mostly of air. The starting material is an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes manufactured under a chemical heat process. Because of the special arrangement of these nanotube arrays, which are called forests because they look like a bamboo forest, the carbon nanotubes can be pulled into sheets at speeds of up two meters per second. The sheets have such low density that an ounce would cover an acre.\nWhen scientists apply a voltage to the carbon nanotube aerogel sheets, the nanotubes repulse, or push away from one another, which in effect works the muscle. These transparent sheets have strange properties that are important for muscle operation. While having about the density of air, in one direction, they have higher specific strength (strength/density) than a steel plate. When stretched in another direction, they provide rubber-like stretchability, but by a mechanism quite different than for ordinary rubber. Because of their nanoscale and microscale structure, they amplify a percent stretch in the nanotube orientation direction to a percent 15 times larger than the percent they contract laterally.\nThis sounds compelling for applications involving extreme temperature variations. One example is space applications, where these artificial muscles would also offer extremely valuable mass-savings.\nHowever, only time will tell if this technology will yield the \"holy grail\" of artificial muscles: an \"artificial muscle\" comparable to their biological counterparts (power, weight, efficiency, volume, etc). For while the new nanotube-aerogel muscles appear to have a good power-to-weight ratio, the extremely low density may necessitate exorbitant volumes to produce the forces/torques of biological systems.\nOh, and here is a picture of a meter-long ribbon of carbon nanotube aerogel from an article at NewScientist.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.sweetheartgallery.com/collections/matt-gilbert-art-metal-hand-forged-carbon-steel-pans-cookware", "date": "2018-11-16T20:01:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743184.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116194306-20181116220306-00402.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9364460110664368, "token_count": 246, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__13366954", "lang": "en", "text": "Matt Gilbert M2B Art Metals Hand Forged Carbon Steel Pans, Skillets, Cookware\nMatt takes great pride in forging each pan or skillet with a traditional round bottom, then adding his distinctive scallop edges and sturdy handles. Technically, carbon steel is an iron alloy that, contrary to its name, actually has a very low carbon content.\nEach carbon steel skillet is formed with a low sloping side wall and a delightfully robust handle, elegantly tapered to preclude any uncomfortable heat transference.\nA frequently asked question is what's the difference between a cast iron pan and a carbon steel pan? A carbon steel pan is appreciably lighter than cast iron, with better non-stick properties. In short: all the benefits of cast iron, but lighter and prettier.\nUnlike some of the large-scale industrial producers of steel cookware that coat their wares with a variety of (nearly) inedible coatings, all of Matt's products come pre-seasoned with a thin coating of virgin coconut oil. This seasoning will build up over time, turning to a uniform black iridescent sheen. You can cook with them right out of the box.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.stayonfountain.com/cardboard-boxes-vs-plastic-corrugated-cardboard/", "date": "2023-12-11T19:36:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679516047.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211174901-20231211204901-00417.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9590789079666138, "token_count": 550, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__45370206", "lang": "en", "text": "Cardboard boxes are prefabricated, industrially pre-made boxes, commonly used for shipping goods and materials and also can be reused. Cardboard is a tough, waterproof and strong material that can be recycled into a number of different products. Cardboard boxes often come with an additional wax coating to provide an extra bond between the cardboard and the protective coating. Most experts in industry rarely use the word cardboard as it doesn’t denote a particular material, rather its generic application is related to the packaging material.\nCardboard packaging is extensively used in the food and beverage industry for boxes, crates, jugs, canisters and other packaging applications. As packaging is one of the key features of a business, it is widely used as an environmentally friendly means of packaging. Packaging experts often cite cardboard boxes as a highly preferred packaging material due to its durability, flexibility, affordability and sustainability. There are many types of corrugated cardboard boxes available to meet the diverse packaging requirements of various industries including paper, food & beverage, healthcare and chemicals.\nCardboard boxes come in several standard sizes and thicknesses for easy handling. Many companies utilize corrugated fiberboard as a substitute for traditional wooden boxes because of its durability and affordability. Many of the corrugated fiberboard boxes are available in standard thickness ranging from two inches to six inches. These boxes are also available in customized sizes to meet specific industry requirements. The standard size of a corrugated box is eight inch wide and six inch deep.\nCorrugated cardboard boxes make up a good quality part of any shipping container. Shipping containers made of corrugated fiberboard are known for their toughness and long life even in the harshest environments. In addition, these boxes are ideal for storing products that need to be protected from moisture, dust, and debris during shipping.\nOne of the most important differences between these custom boxes is their cost. Cardboard boxes cost less than any other shipping container because of its lightweight property, which makes it ideal for use in packing fragile or large items. Although many companies choose corrugated fiberboard for use in shipping, there are many who prefer using the wooden boxes because of its good appearance. However, if your business requires boxes made of plastic, you can go for the cheaper options.\nPlastic corrugated cardboard is cost effective and lasts longer than wood. However, it is not smooth and lacks the fine, crumbly texture of corrugated cardboard. Most plastic shipping boxes have liners and fluting. These liners and fluting serve to increase the box’s strength and durability and protect them from external impacts. The boxes usually come in standard sizes or can be customized according to your requirements.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.rawtothebones.com/the-advantages-of-aluminum-fencing/", "date": "2023-09-21T13:27:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506027.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921105806-20230921135806-00819.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9579212069511414, "token_count": 533, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__225084631", "lang": "en", "text": "The popularity of aluminum fencing has risen over the past few years as homeowners and businesses seek a safe, aesthetically pleasing way to secure their properties. The beauty, durability, and low maintenance of this type of fence make it a top choice for many types of properties.\nAluminum fences add a stately, elegant look to any property, giving it a more refined and upscale appearance. They come in a variety of styles and colors to suit any style, from contemporary to traditional. They can also be adorned with various ornamental adornments to enhance the look further.\nAlthough lightweight, aluminum is a tough metal that can withstand harsh weather conditions. This strength is one of the main reasons that aluminum is so popular for residential and commercial use. Aluminum is a non-ferrous metal, which means it does not react to moisture like its steel counterparts. This allows it to hold up better against the elements, including ice, snow, rain, sunlight, and termites, making it a durable, long-lasting option for fencing.\nAside from its unbeatable strength, aluminum is also very versatile in terms of design options. It can be crafted to complement nearly any architectural style and matched with several different decorative adornments to enhance the look further. In addition to the color and style, you can choose from a variety of height specifications and racking to meet your specific needs.\nBecause aluminum does not react to moisture, it is far less likely to corrode over time. This makes it much easier to maintain, compared to its iron counterparts or even wood fencing. The only regular maintenance you may need to perform is rinsing your aluminum fence with a hose to remove any dirt or dust that accumulates over time.\nAluminum is also more environmentally friendly than other metals and even some types of wood, because it is recyclable. This is especially important if you are concerned about the impact your fence has on the environment or are trying to reduce your carbon footprint. When compared to iron and other metals, aluminum is also significantly lighter in weight, which reduces the labor costs involved with installation and shipping. In addition, aluminum is extremely easy to repair if a section of your fence becomes damaged. This is why it is such a cost-effective option in the long run. For more information about the benefits of an aluminum fence, contact us today. A Yutka Fence representative can help you select the right type of aluminum fence for your property and answer any questions you may have. Our team is available by phone, email or online. We are a fence company in Milwaukee area and beyond.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://blog.sensus.com/a-gas-utilitys-guide-to-hydrogen-compatibility/", "date": "2023-12-02T01:45:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100309.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202010506-20231202040506-00886.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8930792212486267, "token_count": 1356, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__316718852", "lang": "en", "text": "The shift to renewable fuels for gas is happening at lightning speed compared to the industry’s previous adoption of new technologies. There’s a lot of new information being released on a daily basis – it can be difficult to sort through all of it to identify the most relevant, reliable information and what it means for your gas utility.\nSensus is here to help. This post is part of a series on Hydrogen and Its Potential for the Gas Industry. In this series, we’ll review the fundamentals of hydrogen, discuss the impacts to natural gas utilities and your end customers, and keep you up to date on the recent hydrogen reports and policies.\nChoosing the correct material for an application is something most of us are more familiar with than we realize. In our daily lives, we make sure not to put metal in the microwave or use plastics in the oven. These examples demonstrate the importance of considering material, application, and design. The same is true when thinking about hydrogen compatibility.\nHydrogen compatibility is the ability of a material to exhibit and maintain reliable mechanical integrity and low probability of failure, or leakage, in hydrogen applications within a risk parameter acceptable to the user. Hydrogen suitability is the ability of a component or product to perform its necessary task in hydrogen applications within the given risk parameters.\nAn easy way to think about these two ideas is that hydrogen compatibility is a material evaluation whereas hydrogen suitability is a component evaluation. A product might be hydrogen compatible, maintaining its mechanical integrity, but may not perform its necessary task in the hydrogen application. For example, one might have chosen the correct materials for a hydrogen storage device, but the design and application do not result in leak-free hydrogen storage. Whether a material is compatible for use in gaseous hydrogen environments depends on three main factors: stress, environment, and material susceptibility.\nWhen metals are exposed to hydrogen, it can lead to hydrogen embrittlement which causes a loss in tensile strength, ductility, and facture toughness (Material Compatibility | Hydrogen Tools, n.d.). Hydrogen embrittlement results from hydrogen dissolving into metals and affecting their properties. Hydrogen embrittlement risk can be increased due to factors in the environment and stress level of the material.\nMetals that are commonly used in hydrogen gas applications are austenitic stainless steels, aluminum alloys, low-alloy ferritic steels, C-Mn ferritic steels, and copper alloys. Metals that are highly sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement are nickel, high nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys.\nPolymers can be permeated by hydrogen, which can lead to swelling of the material and eventual leakage (European Hydrogen Train the Trainer Programme for Responders Compatibility of Hydrogen with Different Materials, n.d.).\nFor more information about specific materials, Sandia National Laboratories has conducted a review of publications to create the ‘Technical Reference for Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials’ and NASA has conducted a review on various materials and hydrogen embrittlement (Lee, 2016; San Marchi & Somerday, 2012).\nThe second factor to consider when choosing a material is the environment the material will exist in. This includes influences such as pressure, temperature, and purity of the hydrogen gas.\nPressure can impact the structure and properties of materials, which is why high pressure is used to conduct accelerated age testing on materials (Zeidler & Crichton, 2017). If a material is subject to hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, it may last longer or have a reduced leakage risk than if it is subject to hydrogen at a higher pressure. This same logic applies to increased temperatures.\nThe hydrogen quality can also impact the compatibility of the chosen material. Certain impurities in hydrogen, such as water, oxygen, ammonia, or other gases, can react with the material the hydrogen gas is exposed to and cause damage leading to premature failure (Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Impurities | Markes International, n.d.).\nThe final factor to consider is the applied stress, such as load cycling, that a material will be under in its application. An easy way to visualize the impact of load cycling is to fold a paper clip back and forth until it breaks. The material of the paper clip can bend for several cycles, but eventually the material fails. The paper clip’s material was not chosen with that level of load cycling in mind, and thus it breaks. Load cycling or increased stresses will increase the likelihood of failure of a material that otherwise might be considered hydrogen compatible. As mentioned above, the material’s susceptibility to hydrogen and the environment can play into that as well. Component design can help reduce the likelihood of failure in some cases, such as increasing wall thickness of pressure vessels (What Is Hydrogen Compatibility? – WHA International, Inc. WHA International, Inc., n.d.).\nWhen designing a product for use in hydrogen, the product’s environment, applied stresses, and material susceptibility need to be considered. Designing for hydrogen suitability involves a deep dive into each individual component and its hydrogen compatibility. Through this process it is important to refer to any relevant standards or codes regarding hydrogen and hydrogen systems.\nAnalysis of hydrogen fuel impurities | Markes International. (n.d.). Retrieved January 20, 2023, from https://markes.com/applications/hydrogen-fuel-impurities\nEuropean Hydrogen Train the Trainer Programme for Responders Compatibility of Hydrogen with Different Materials. (n.d.).\nLee, J. A. (2016). Hydrogen Embrittlement. http://www.sti.nasa.gov\nMaterial Compatibility | Hydrogen Tools. (n.d.). Retrieved December 22, 2022, from https://h2tools.org/bestpractices/material-compatibility\nSan Marchi, C., & Somerday, B. P. (2012). Technical Reference for Hydrogen Compatibility of Materials | Hydrogen Tools. https://h2tools.org/tech-ref/technical-reference-for-hydrogen-compatibility-of-materials\nWhat is hydrogen compatibility? – WHA International, Inc. WHA International, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved December 22, 2022, from https://wha-international.com/what-is-hydrogen-compatibility/\nZeidler, A., & Crichton, W. A. (2017). Materials under pressure. MRS Bulletin, 42(10), 710–713. https://doi.org/10.1557/MRS.2017.208", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jihansyakira.org/cbd-packaging-boxes-trends-whats-hot-in-the-industry.html", "date": "2023-09-28T03:51:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510358.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928031105-20230928061105-00767.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9290556907653809, "token_count": 1467, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__299527253", "lang": "en", "text": "The CBD industry has been rapidly growing in recent years, and with that growth comes the need for innovative and eye-catching packaging solutions. It has gained significant popularity due to its potential health benefits, including pain relief, anxiety reduction, and anti-inflammatory properties. Custom CBD packaging has become an essential element in the success of CBD products, as it not only protects the product but also serves as a powerful branding and marketing tool. In this article, we will explore the latest trends in CBD packaging boxes, the importance of investing in high-quality packaging, sustainable packaging options, and factors to consider when choosing CBD packaging boxes. Whether you are a CBD manufacturer or a retailer, staying ahead in the CBD packaging industry is crucial for success.\nImportance of Custom CBD Packaging\nCustom CBD packaging plays a crucial role in the success of CBD products. It not only protects the product from damage during transportation and storage but also serves as a powerful marketing tool. Custom packaging allows CBD brands to create a unique identity, establish brand recognition, and convey important information to consumers. By investing in custom CBD packaging, brands can stand out from the competition and build a loyal customer base.\nTrends in CBD Packaging Boxes\nThe CBD packaging industry is constantly evolving, with new trends emerging to meet the demands of consumers and the market. One of the major trends in CBD packaging boxes is minimalistic and clean designs. Brands are opting for simple yet elegant packaging that reflects the purity and natural qualities of CBD products. This trend is often accompanied by earthy color palettes and organic textures, creating a sense of authenticity and wellness.\nAnother trend is the use of holographic and metallic finishes. These eye-catching finishes add a touch of luxury and sophistication to CBD packaging and help products stand out on the shelves. Holographic effects create a mesmerizing play of colors and light, while metallic finishes lend a modern and sleek look to the packaging.\nSustainable Packaging Options for CBD Products\nWith the increasing focus on sustainability, CBD brands are also embracing eco-friendly packaging options. Sustainable packaging not only reduces environmental impact but also resonates with conscious consumers who prioritize eco-friendly practices. Materials like Kraft, cardboard, corrugated, and rigid are gaining popularity in the CBD packaging industry due to their recyclability, biodegradability, and durability. These materials can be easily customized to create unique and eco-friendly packaging solutions.\nIn addition to using sustainable materials, brands are also exploring alternative packaging designs that minimize waste. For example, CBD brands are opting for refillable or reusable packaging options, reducing the need for single-use packaging. This not only reduces waste but also provides a cost-effective solution for both the brand and the consumer.\nInnovative Designs for CBD Packaging Boxes\nInnovation is key in the CBD packaging industry, and brands are pushing the boundaries of design to create unique and memorable packaging solutions. One of the innovative designs gaining popularity is interactive packaging. Brands are incorporating elements like pull-out drawers, hidden compartments, or interactive labels that engage consumers and create a memorable unboxing experience. This not only adds a fun and interactive element to the packaging but also enhances the overall brand experience.\nAnother innovative design trend is incorporating QR codes on CBD packaging. QR codes provide a convenient way for consumers to access product information, lab test results, and dosage instructions. By scanning the QR code, consumers can quickly and easily access the information they need, creating transparency and trust between the brand and the consumer.\nBranding and Marketing through CBD Packaging\nCBD packaging is not just about protecting the product; it is also an opportunity to create a strong brand identity and effectively market CBD products. Branding elements such as logos, taglines, and color schemes should be thoughtfully incorporated into the packaging design to create a cohesive and recognizable brand image.\nIn addition to branding, CBD packaging can also serve as a powerful marketing tool. Eye-catching designs, unique shapes, and creative use of materials can capture the attention of consumers and entice them to try the product. Including product benefits, usage instructions, and testimonials on the packaging can also help educate and persuade potential customers.\nFactors to Consider When Choosing CBD Packaging Boxes\nWhen choosing CBD packaging boxes, there are several factors that brands should consider. First and foremost, the packaging should be designed to protect the product from external factors such as light, moisture, and air. CBD products are sensitive to these elements and can degrade if not properly protected.\nSecondly, the packaging should be easy to use and convenient for both the brand and the consumer. Considerations such as ease of opening, resealability, and portability should be taken into account to enhance the user experience.\nLastly, the packaging should align with the brand’s values and target audience. Understanding the preferences and expectations of the target market is essential in creating packaging that resonates with consumers and effectively communicates the brand’s message.\nBenefits of Investing in High-Quality CBD Packaging\nInvesting in high-quality CBD packaging has numerous benefits for brands in the CBD industry. Firstly, it enhances the perceived value of the product. Premium packaging conveys a sense of quality and craftsmanship, making consumers more willing to pay a higher price for the product.\nSecondly, high-quality packaging ensures the protection of the product throughout its lifecycle. It minimizes the risk of damage during transportation and storage, preserving the integrity and potency of the CBD product.\nMoreover, investing in high-quality packaging strengthens brand reputation. When customers receive a well-packaged product, they are more likely to perceive the brand as trustworthy and reliable. Positive brand experiences lead to customer loyalty and word-of-mouth referrals, ultimately contributing to the brand’s success.\nCBD Packaging Box Suppliers and Manufacturers\nTo create custom CBD packaging, it is essential to work with reliable suppliers and manufacturers. PackHit, a leading packaging company, specializes in providing high-quality CBD packaging solutions. With a wide range of materials, finishes, and design options, they can help CBD brands create packaging that stands out in the market and effectively communicates their brand identity.\nThis company offers sustainable packaging options such as Kraft, cardboard, corrugated, and rigid materials, ensuring that brands can make environmentally conscious choices without compromising on quality or aesthetics.\nConclusion: Stay Ahead in the CBD Packaging Industry\nIn conclusion, the CBD packaging industry is constantly evolving, and staying ahead of the trends is crucial for success. Custom CBD packaging not only protects the product but also acts as a powerful branding and marketing tool. By embracing trends such as minimalistic designs, sustainable materials, interactive packaging, and incorporating QR codes, CBD brands can create packaging that captures consumers’ attention and enhances the overall brand experience. Investing in high-quality packaging not only enhances the perceived value of the product but also strengthens the brand reputation. By partnering with reliable suppliers and manufacturers like PackHit, CBD brands can create packaging that stands out in the market and effectively communicates their brand identity. Stay ahead in the CBD packaging industry by embracing the latest trends and investing in packaging that reflects the quality and uniqueness of your CBD products.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.therowantree.shop/product-page/eco-coconut-scourers-twin-pack", "date": "2022-05-23T11:31:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662558015.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523101705-20220523131705-00203.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9166973829269409, "token_count": 235, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__188064275", "lang": "en", "text": "Eco Coconut Scourers Twin Pack\nA completely natural and sustainable solution to all your household cleaning needs.\nThis pack of two donut-shaped, biodegradable and highly durable multipurpose scourers are ethically made in Sri Lanka from coconut fibre (or coir), neatly wrapped around stainless steel wire.\nCoir is a natural fibre extracted from between the hard internal shell of the coconut and the outer coat of the coconut. As well as being totally natural, the scourers are naturally antibacterial, free from toxic chemicals, recyclable and biodegradable.\nThey are non-scratch, so are suitable for non-stick frying pan, great on hard surfaces like the cooker hob or stove top, and safe for enamel sinks and baths.\nThey are completely plastic free, right down to the packaging!\nSize: Approx 10cm x 4.5cm\nCare: Rinse after each use and store in a dry place. You may notice some loose fibres or ‘dust’ on the first few uses but this will reduce over time.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://americanrailing.com/technical_information.htm", "date": "2021-09-29T01:32:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780061350.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20210929004757-20210929034757-00000.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8453324437141418, "token_count": 563, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__181354023", "lang": "en", "text": "Specializing in Aluminum & Stainless Steel Railings\n- Thermosetting acrylic enamel, Kynar, Anodized, Duranodic and also Power coat finishes are available for aluminum railings.\nStocked standard colors\nOther available standard colors\nOther available exotic colors\nA.R.S. can provide an exact match for any color needed\n(Exotic/Bright colors recommended for interior use, clear coat is needed for exterior use)\nStainless Steel Railings\n- Standard No. 4 brushed satin polish is applied to all stainless steel guardrail components.\n(No. 6 fine satin polish is also available upon request for a more enhanced shine.)\n- Aluminum Alloy and Stainless Steel materials utilized in our fabrication process will meet or exceed all structural load requirements.\n- Structural requirements should be noted at the time of inquiry.\n- A.R.S. clear view glass is available in 1/4\" or 3/8\" tempered or laminated glass.\n- Glass is designed to meet any guardrail requirements and will provide structural integrity with enhanced aesthetics for balconies or entry ways.\n- Additional glass options included smoked, etched, obscured pattern as well as ceramic frit. Custom glass options are also available.\n- A.R.S. uses only stainless steel and aluminum fasteners which are guaranteed to never rust or corrode.\n- Standard aluminum guardrail is required to be 42\" (3 1/2 ft) tall, other heights are available upon request.\n- A.R.S. utilizes a combination of picket sizes and spacing to achieve a 4\", 5\" and a 6\" center line.\n- 4\" inch spacing of an aluminum guardrail is the industry standard, however custom spacing is available.\n- A.R.S. railings are virtually maintenance free, unlike steel or wooden railings.\n- Our aluminum and stainless steel components will never rust or corrode which means there is no need for refinishing ever.\n- Mild detergent diluted with water is all that is needed to keep your railings looking great.\n- Do not use acidic, harsh or abrasive cleaning products on railings both of which can harm the finish.\nIBC Member - ICRI Member - Listed in Sweets (McGraw Hill) - Nomma Member - CSI Member - SME Member\nAmerican Railing Systems, Inc. | 1813 McClelland Ave. | Erie, PA 16510\nToll Free Phone: (888) RAIL-MFG | Toll Free Fax: (888) FAX-PLAN\nPhone: (814) 899-7677 | Fax: (814) 899-0743", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.asmdimatec.de/en/products/1k-and-2k-adhesive-applications/2-components-gluing-system/", "date": "2023-12-05T16:09:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00424.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9288805723190308, "token_count": 400, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__19434936", "lang": "en", "text": "“The 2K gluing system from ASM Dimatec is an advanced and effective solution for automated glue application. The system consists of a double barrel emptying system for the A component, a Hobock barrel pump for the B component, 2 dispensing systems and a 2-component application head with static mixer. These components work seamlessly together to provide precise and effective adhesive application.\nA major advantage of ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is its ability to fully automate adhesive application. This results in significant time and cost savings during production. The system can be used in automated production lines to fully automate adhesive application and increase production speed.\nAnother advantage of ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is its precise dispensing and application. The system can meter and mix the two components in precisely defined ratios to achieve optimum adhesive quality. The 2K application head with static mixer then ensures precise and uniform application of the adhesive to the workpiece.\nASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is also very flexible and can be adapted to different adhesive types and viscosities. This makes it possible to cover a wide range of applications. The dispensing and application speed can also be adjusted to enable fast and efficient production.\nIn addition, ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system is easy to operate and maintain. The system is designed to be cleaned quickly and easily to ensure optimal functionality. In addition, the system is easy to program and control, which makes it easier for the user to operate.\nOverall, ASM Dimatec’s 2K gluing system offers a precise, efficient and flexible solution for automated glue application. The system saves time and costs in production, is easy to operate and maintain, and can be adapted to different adhesive types and viscosities. The system is a valuable investment for companies looking for a reliable solution for automated adhesive application.”", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://gardeon.com.au/blogs/news/the-most-durable-materials-for-outdoor-furniture", "date": "2024-02-27T00:47:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474669.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226225941-20240227015941-00106.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9452823996543884, "token_count": 1234, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__171545202", "lang": "en", "text": "When you’re picking your outdoor furniture (or, any furniture!) you should be looking for something that lasts. Our furniture is going to be with us through the highs and lows of Australian weather, so it needs to be sturdy, durable and resistant to all the forces of nature. Of course, durability often comes with a high price tag, so you want to make sure you pick exactly what suits your needs. For your best guide on durable outdoor furniture, check out our list of the strongest materials to look out for!\nWood is one of the most popular materials for outdoor use, but you want hardwood specifically to deck out your deck. Teak is the best for this, as it contains oils and natural resin that makes it water and insect resistant, as well as protected from dry rot. Properly cared for, teak will outlast every other piece of furniture, but the upkeep might be a little much for those of us without the time or budget. Eucalyptus is another great choice that is also sustainable, but it may not survive extreme cold without care and is susceptible to native insects like pinhole borers (but, thanks to its natural insect repelling oils, not much else!). Fir, oak and shorea are other popular hardwoods, but oak has little of the defensive oils the other woods do, and shorea is highly regulated.\nAll wood will fade under the sun, but you can absolutely protect it with sealants, regular cleaning, and other treatments.\nOnce just a plain building material, concrete has been trending as a design material thanks to it’s incredible durability and strength. Unfortunately, natural concrete is incredibly porous, so there will be no saving that red wine stain with bicarb and vinegar. Especially not with vinegar, or lemon juice, or anything acidic that could dissolve the surface. No cocktails outside! Finally, once it’s in it’s IN; you’re not going to be moving it any time soon unless you have a dedicated crew. Thankfully, we can now choose from composite concrete that is mixed with fibreglass or resin to make it stronger, lighter and less porous.\nStainless-steel is exactly what it says it is: strong, sturdy and stainless, aka no rust! It’s easy to clean, weather resistant, can’t rot or fade like organic materials, and can be made from recycled materials. Plus, who doesn’t love the shine of silver? It’s timeless! What you won’t love is the dent it will make on your wallet. It also holds heat, which is less than ideal on a 40° Australian summer day.\nWe think of glass as a very fragile material, but tempered glass is far from frail. Tempered glass is thick, solid, and specially treated to be weather and smudge resistant. The smooth, shiny surface gives the perfect elegant touch to your outdoor setting. Like concrete, it is very hard to move, but it might be worth the weight.\nHow. Gorgeous. Is. That. Wrought iron furniture gives you the look of an English manor, or maybe just reminds you of fun days drinking tea on the porch at grandma’s house. Wrought iron is sturdy, comes in all sorts of gorgeous ornate designs, and looks perfectly in place in any backyard. Unfortunately, the aesthetics come at a cost: wrought iron is prone to rust, very heavy to move, and not always very comfortable. Like stainless-steel, it can also get very hot on a summer’s day, especially if it comes in black.\nHigh-density Polyethylene (HDPE)\nWhy is HDPE one of the most popular of plastics? Let’s see:\n- It’s lightweight, so you can carry it anywhere.\n- It’s strong and impact resistant: drop it and find out!\n- It’s weather resistant, mould resistant and rot resistant, so it’s great for pipes.\n- It’s easy to mould into any shape. And we mean any shape.\n- It is recyclable, more important than ever!\nThose features are great for everything else – what about the benefits for my patio? Well, HDPE is fade-resistant, easy to clean, lightweight and strong. If you are looking for wicker without the drawbacks of natural materials, HDPE wicker can look identical. You can buy pieces made from recycled HDPE and recycle it yourself when it reaches the end of its life. Of course plastic won’t have the elegance of other materials, but it’s the perfect solution for the average family who wants pieces that stand up to time.\nHigh pressure laminate (HPL)\nHPL is made of six to eight layers of resin-impregnated kraft paper, decorative paper and a clear overlay. It is incredibly hard, flame retardant and has antibacterial properties. It is also water and stain resistant. It has similar features to tempered glass: beautiful, easy to clean, and expensive.\nOur last two materials focus on fabric, one of the hardest materials to keep outside. Good news: acrylic fabric is a good way to go. Water resistant, breathable and fade resistant, this material also dries quickly and is easily cleaned, either by spot cleaning or throwing in the washing machine (according to instructions!).\nOlefin does everything acrylic does, with the bonus that it is recyclable and has an environmentally friendly production process. It is heat sensitive, but that won’t be a problem for daily use unless you set it near the firepit. It is stain-resistant except against oil-based stains, so be careful with the tanning oil!\nDon’t just choose the right materials for your backyard, choose the right supplier. Gardeon’s pieces are durable with sturdy construction and quality materials, so you can rest assured our pieces will stand the test of time.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://pacificsoundcontrol.soundproofnow.com/sound-seal/acoustical-wall-panels.html", "date": "2023-09-26T08:57:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510179.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926075508-20230926105508-00176.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8549981117248535, "token_count": 409, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__241859792", "lang": "en", "text": "Acoustic Wall & Ceiling Panels\nSound Seal's Acoustical Wall Panels are the solution for areas that require noise reduction and are available in a variety of models for various applications. These panels can be manufactured in any of the many attractive acoustic fabrics offered in the industry, including premium fabrics offered by Guilford of Maine & C.F. Stinson. They can also use any factory tested and approved C.O.M. fabric.\nAcoustical Wall & Ceiling Products\nManufactured with ECOSE® Technology & with 60% recycled content.\nInspire Art Printed Panels\nThe perfect acoustic and aesthetic solution for various interior noise reducing applications.\nChroma® Paintable Panels\nChroma paintable panels allow designers the flexibility to blend in or stand out when adding acoustic treatment to a space.\nS-2000 Standard Panels\nSpecifically designed as a multi-purpose absorber panel that offers an economical way to resolve reverberant noise problems.\nS-2100 High Impact Panels\nIdeal for environments that need superior acoustical performance and resilience to high traffic areas.\nS-2500 Sound Barrier Panel\nA composite barrier/absorber panel that offers both superior absorption and noise blocking performance.\nS-3000 Sound Barrier Panel\nA flat reflector panel that is used in applications where sound reflection is necessary to enhance the rooms’ acoustics.\nS-3100 Tackable Wall Panel\nA tackable wall panel that are easy to install and offer minimal sound absorption.\nS-4000 High Abuse Panel\nA high abuse sound absorber panel that offers both excellent sound absorption and high durability.\nS-4200 Tuned Absorber\nBlend of sound absorption & sound diffusion, these panels are a prime choice for schools, auditoriums, studios and performance halls.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.dentals-pharma.com/s-light", "date": "2020-08-11T12:33:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738777.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811115957-20200811145957-00296.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8310895562171936, "token_count": 1395, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__142834605", "lang": "en", "text": "INSTRUCTION FOR USE\nUniversal Light-curing Restorative Composite\n- Dimethacrylate oligomers (bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, bis-EMA, PEGDMA);\n- Combined radiopaque filler from modified aluminosilicate glass (0.02-2.00 µm);\n- Nanosized particles of silicon oxide (5-20 nm).\nThe proportion of inorganic filler is approximately 80 %.\nUniversal restorative material S-LIGHT is a hybrid radiopaque light-cured composite.\nComposite can be easily shaped, does not stick to the instrument, cured under 400-500 nm wavelengths light and polished to a “dry” shine. Material S-LIGHT has fluorescence, color stability and radiopacity.\nIn order to simulate dental tissues, material is produced in a wide range of VITA shades and has three levels of opacity:\nА1, А2, А3, А3.5, А4, В1, В2, В3, С2, D3, UD (Universal Dentin), BW (Bleach White)\nShades possess average transparency level between dentine and enamel, which depends on layer thickness. BW shade suits well for milk teeth restoration\nDentine-opaque shades (О)\nShades used to increase restoration intensity, cover discoloration, prevent through-transmission. Material is applied with layer not more than 0.5 mm\nТС (Translucent Clear)\nShade used for cutting edge modeling and depth effect\nUniversal restorative composite material S-LIGHT is used for:\n- restoration of all cavity classes according to Black classification (I-V) on anterior and posterior teeth;\n- restoration of tooth stump;\n- correction of composite restorations;\n- forming of indirect restorations (inlays, onlays, veneers).\nApply carefully with patients allergic to methacrylates\nAs far as all terms of storing, transporting and application are observed, there are no other side effects\nMETHOD OF USE\nAttention! Material, stored at low temperatures, should be warmed in room temperature within 1 hour before use\nBefore restoration, dental tissues should be cleaned with non-fluoride paste.\nSelection of shade\nDuring selecting the shade of restoration material, surface of restored tooth should be cleaned and moisturized. The intensity of color of restorative material depends on its thickness. Suitable shades are determined at daylight or artificial light with the help of VITA scale assuming the thickness of intended restoration.\nTo test the material of selected shade, apply it on untreated surface of the tooth. Make a pattern with thickness of intended restoration and do polymerization. Estimate the compliance of shade with tooth color under different lights, then remove material from the surface of the tooth. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated until matching the shade.\nAttention! In case of accidental contact with oral mucosa, eyes or skin, rinse the affected area with large amount of water\nTo ensure good adhesion of material, tooth surface should be thoroughly dried and prepared. For isolation can be used rubber dam or cotton rolls and saliva ejector.\nCavity should be prepared according to general rules of adhesive technology. It is necessary to round the corners, appeared during preparation.\nIn case of deep cavity, for pulp capping apply calcium hydroxide material and isolate it with glass ionomer cement.\nAttention! Do not use eugenol-containing materials, because eugenol disrupts the composite’s structuring\nPrepared tooth surface should be treated with etching gel based on 37% phosphoric acid. Gel is applied first on enamel surface, and after 5-10 seconds on dentin surface. In 15-20 seconds gel should be washed out with water. Dry the surface with compressed air. In case of saliva contact with etching gel or dried tooth surface, repeat etching procedure, then rinse and dry the surface.\nAttention! In order to avoid bad adhesion of composite material to dental tissues, water for washing should not contain impurities. Air for drying must not contain any oil or water vapor\nS-LIGHT Bond is applied with 2 coats on prepared surface of the tooth by gentle rubbing for 15 seconds. Then gently dry adhesive with air within 5-10 seconds for solvents evaporation. Do photopolymerization with light of 400-500 nm wavelengths within 20 seconds.\nApplication of composite and curing\nComposite material S-LIGHT should be applied and cured layer by layer to reduce shrinkage of material.\nTime of curing and thickness of the layer is determined by transparency of material:\nMaterial layer thickness, mm\nPhotopolymerization time, s\nFor LED lamps\nFor halogen lamps\ntransparent shade – ТС\ndentine-opaque shades (О)\nMulti-layer method of restoration with different transparency pastes allows to create a highly esthetic restoration.\nFor toning of a composite restoration it is recommended to use LC colored (white, yellow, grey) composites S-LIGHT colour.\nAttention! Composite paste syringe cap must be closed immediately after use. Intense light contact with material at any stage of restoration might cause premature curing.\nDuring curing the waveguide end of the lamp must be kept in close proximity to the curable material. The intensity of the light, emitted by a lamp for photopolymerization, should be regularly tested with the help of suitable photometers.\nFillings treatment is carried out after final curing with the help of diamond, hard-alloy burnisher burs, burs or stones. Check the occlusion with articulating paper, remove the excess material with fine-grained diamond bur or stone. For final polishing use polishing discs, silicone heads and finishing polishing paste.\nLight-curing paste (syringe) 4 g\nKeep in dry place protected from light at a temperature from 5 °C to 25 °C.\nTransport at the temperature range from 5 °C to 25 °C.\nUniversal light-curing restorative composite S-LIGHT is non-sterile and aimed for multiple use.\nAttention! Non-compliance with terms of storage, transportation or application leads to decrease of material life.\nAfter opening of the package, guaranteed storage and service life of the material is limited by an expiration date. Do not use after expiry date.\nShelf life – 3 years.\nDentals Pharma GmbH\nAddress: Lindenstrabe 48-52, 40233", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://liu.se/en/employee/thoed88", "date": "2023-11-28T18:42:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679099942.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128183116-20231128213116-00580.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7068385481834412, "token_count": 2677, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__149979670", "lang": "en", "text": "Thomas Ederth is a Senior lecturer and Docent (Associate Professor) in Molecular Physics, and conducts research in surface chemistry, predominantly basic research related to interactions of biological material (organisms or biomolecules) with surfaces. The research activities build on a common ground of knowledge and methods for analysis of surfaces and interfaces, which is applied to projects in different disciplines. Of the used methods, vibrational spectroscopy and neutron reflectometry are of particular importance. Current research includes projects in these areas:\n- Marine biofoling and marine bioadhesion\n- Fouling-resistant polymers\n- Biocompatibility and protein resistance\n- Molecular interactions with lipid bilayers\n- Development of surface-specific analysis methods\n- Spectroscopy on electroactive polymers\nThomas Ederth has an MSc degree in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering from the Linköping Institute of Technology. Efter a year of research at the Institute for Surface Chemistry, Stockholm (now a part of RISE), he continued to doctoral studies in Physical Chemistry at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, under the supervision of Prof Per Claesson. He graduated in 1999 with a thesis on intermolecular and surface forces. As a PostDoc at Oxford University, he was developing neutron scattering methods for characterization of foams and foam films, in the group of Dr Robert K Thomas. Dr Ederth spent a short time at Thin Film Electronics (Linköping) to work with polymer physics, but was recruited to the Sensor Science and Molecular Physics group at Linköping University in 2002, by Prof. Bo Liedberg. Thomas Ederth obtained a Docent degree in 2010, and 2012 he was appointed head of the Division of Molecular Physics, which was renamed the division of Biophysics and Bioengineering in 2020.\nThomas Ederth is examiner and course responsible for the courses\n- TFYA35 Molecular physics\n- TFYA47 Surface and interfaces\nFind more information about Thomas Ederth\nBiofouling and bioadhesion\nW. Yandi, B. Nagy, A. Skallberg, K. Uvdal, R. Zimmermann, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, \"Polyampholytic poly(AEMA-co-SPMA) thin films and their potential for antifouling applications\", ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 3(11), 5361–5372 (2021). DOI : 10.1021/acsapm.1c00383.\nM. Lefevre, T. Ederth, T. Masai, R. Wattiez, P. Leclere, P. Flammang, E. Hennebert, \"Disentangling the roles of functional domains in the aggregation and adsorption of the multimodular sea star adhesive protein Sfp1\", Marine Biotechnology, 23(5), 724-735 (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10059-y.\nJ. Wunderer, B. Lengerer, R. Pjeta, P. Bertemes, L. Kremser, H. Lindner, T. Ederth, M. W. Hess, D. Stock, W. Salvenmoser, P. Ladurner, \"A mechanism for temporary bioadhesion\", PNAS, 116(10), 4297-4306 (2019). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814230116.\nW. Yandi, S. Mieszkin, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, J. A. Finlay, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, \"Antialgal activity of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against the marine alga Ulva.\" Biofouling, 33(2), 169-183 (2017). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1281409.\nW. Yandi, S. Mieszkin, P. Martin-Tanchereau, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, L. Tyson, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, \"Hydration and chain entanglement determines the optimum thickness of poly(HEMA-co-PEG10MA) brushes for effective resistance to settlement and adhesion of marine fouling organisms.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(14), 11448–11458 (2014). DOI: 10.1021/am502084x.\nLipids and lipid bilayers\nA.-M. Villamil Giraldo, I. Eriksson, S. Wennmalm, T. Fyrner, T. Ederth, K. Öllinger, \"Interactions of the Lysosomotropic Detergent O-Methyl-Serine Dodecylamide Hydrochloride (MSDH) with Lipid Bilayer Membranes - Implications for Cell Toxicity\", International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(9), 3136 (2020). DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093136.\nA. M. Villamil Giraldo, T. Fyrner, S. Wennmalm, A. N. Parikh, K. Öllinger, T. Ederth, \"Spontaneous vesiculation and pH-induced disassembly of a lysosomotropic detergent: impacts on lysosomotropism and lysosomal delivery.\" Langmuir, 32(50), 13566–13575 (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03458.\nA. M. Villamil Giraldo, H. Appelqvist, T. Ederth, K. Öllinger, \"Lysosomotropic agents: impact on lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death.\" Biochemical Society Transactions, 42(5), 1460–1464 (2014). DOI: 10.1042/BST20140145, Full text in DiVA.\nP. Nygren, M. Lundqvist, B. Liedberg, B.-H. Jonsson, T. Ederth, \"Secondary structure in de novo designed peptides induced by electrostatic interaction with a lipid bilayer membrane.\", Langmuir 26(9), 6437–6448 (2010). DOI: 10.1021/la100027n, Full text in DiVA.\nT. Ederth, M. Lerm, B. Orihuela De Diaz, D. Rittschof, \"The resistance of zwitterionic peptide monolayers to biofouling\". Langmuir, 35(5), 1818 (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01625.\nR. Nugraha, J. Finlay, S. Hill, T. Fyrner, W. Yandi, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, T. Ederth, \"Antifouling properties of oligo(lactose)-based self-assembled monolayers.\" Biofouling. 31(1), 123-134 (2015). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.1001841, Full text in DiVA.\nA. Di Fino, L. Petrone, N. Aldred, T. Ederth, B. Liedberg, A.S. Clare, “Correlation between surface chemistry and settlement behaviour in barnacle cyprids (Balanus improvisus)” Biofouling, 30(2), 143-152 (2014). DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.852541, Full text in DiVA.\nT. Fyrner, H.-S. Lee, A. Mangone, T. Ekblad, M. E. Pettitt, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow, S. L. Conlan, R. Mutton, A. S. Clare, P. Konradsson, B. Liedberg, T. Ederth, “Saccharide-functionalized alkanethiols for fouling-resistant self-assembled monolayers: Synthesis, monolayer properties and anti-fouling behaviour.”, Langmuir, 27 (24), 15034–15047 (2011). DOI: 10.1021/la202774e.\nT. Ederth, M. E. Pettitt, P. Nygren, C.-X. Du, T. Ekblad, Y. Zhou, M. Falk, M. E. Callow, J. A. Callow and B. Liedberg, “Interactions of zoospores of Ulva linza with arginine-rich oligopeptide monolayers.” Langmuir 25(16), 9375–9383 (2009). DOI: 10.1021/la900688g.\nVibrational spectroscopy at interfaces\nM. J. Jafari, M. Golabi, T. Ederth, \"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy to monitor metabolic activity\", Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 304, 123384 (2023), DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123384.\nM. J. Jafari, J. Liu, I. Engquist, T. Ederth, \"Time-resolved chemical mapping in light-emitting electrochemical cells.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(3), 2747–2757 (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14162.\nU. Ail, M. J. Jafari, H. Wang, T. Ederth, M. Berggren, X. Crispin, \"Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors.\" Advanced Functional Materials, 26(34), 6288-6296 (2016). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201601106.\nL. Ouyang, C. Musumeci, M. J. Jafari, T. Ederth, O. Inganäs, \"Imaging the phase separation between PEDOT and polyelectrolytes during processing of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films.\" ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces7(35), 19764-19773 (2015). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05439.\nB. Nagy, T. Ekblad, G. Fragneto, T. Ederth, \"Structure of self-initiated photopolymerized films: A comparison of models\", Langmuir, 38(45), 14004-14015 (2022), DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02396.\nC. Busch, B. Nagy, A. Stöcklin, P. Gutfreund, R. Dahint, T. Ederth, \"A mobile set-up for simultaneous and in situ neutron reflectivity, infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry studies\" Review of Scientific Instruments, 93, 114102 (2022), DOI: 10.1063/5.0118329.\nB. Nagy, M. Campana, Y. N. Khaydukov, T. Ederth, \"Structure and pH-induced swelling of polymer films prepared from sequentially grafted polyelectrolytes\", Langmuir, 38(5), 1725–1737 (2022), DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02784.\nT. Ederth, T. Ekblad, \"Swelling of thin poly(ethylene glycol)-containing hydrogel films in water vapour - A neutron reflectivity study\". Langmuir, 34(19), 5517–5526 (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00177.\nT. Ederth, \"Neutrons for scattering: What they are, where to get them, and how to deal with them\". EPJ Web of Conferences, 188, 01002 (2018). DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818801002. (Tutorial book chapter)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.mamuka-enfants.com/hand-dyed/", "date": "2023-02-06T22:11:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00420.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8861331343650818, "token_count": 112, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__55967366", "lang": "en", "text": "The hand dyeing of our products starts with the mordant, a plant-based craft used to fix natural dyes to fabric.\nThe technique opens up fibers and allows a better absorption of the dyes coming from turmeric ,\nindigo, or onion skin, depending of the color.\nOnce the preparation phase is completed, the textile is submerged in dye and treated until the desired color is achieved. This is how we capture in our materials the essence of the color source,\nresulting in special products with unique characteristics.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://theind.com/articles/14157/", "date": "2023-09-27T04:12:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00119.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9403422474861145, "token_count": 398, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__177967103", "lang": "en", "text": "The company is now providing area industries, primarily oilfield service companies, with corrosion protection services and in late July plans to open its electroless nickel plating line.\nLouisiana Plating & Coatings has opened its 80,000-square-foot plating and coatings facility in Scott.\nThe company is now providing area industries, primarily oilfield service companies, with corrosion protection services - including salt bath nitriding, phosphate, and spray coatings - and in late July plans to open its electroless nickel plating line.\nLP&C is a wholly-owned division of Houston Plating & Coatings, a two-decades-old Houston-based provider of corrosion prevention services. \"HP&C has a significant customer base in Louisiana, and having these services available in Louisiana will significantly decrease the turnaround times for [oilfield service companies] and other Louisiana-based manufacturers,\" says William Howard, CEO of HP&C.\nUnder construction for the past year, the plant encompass nearly 3.5 acres under roof:\nA 20-foot (3,200 gallon) electroless nickel plating tank capable of handling large parts;\nTwo Salt Bath Nitride/Quench Polish Quench lines (QPC is a specialized type of nitrocarburizing case hardening that increases corrosion resistance, originally developed by the Kolene Company. The name refers to the three steps involved: nitrocarburizing, polishing and post-oxidizing;\nTwo 10-foot ovens and two 25-foot spray booths;\nA phosphate line large enough to handle a 20,000 pound part; and\nA 10,000-square-foot spray coatings and phosphate building, including five- and 10-ton cranes.\nHoward points out that the new Louisiana plant is a continuation of HP&C's planned expansion of its facilities, which includes growing operations at the company's Humble, and Tyler, Texas, plants.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://drillingequipmentresources.com/product/matex-one-shot-plus-5-gal-bucket/", "date": "2020-06-01T05:43:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347414057.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601040052-20200601070052-00147.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9171327352523804, "token_count": 419, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__87182596", "lang": "en", "text": "A dry polymer mixture blended with environmentally safe lubricants, also known as DSPA (Dry Suspended Polyacrylamide). Add to water to create a drilling fluid designed to reduce the difficulties of drilling unconsolidated formations such as sands and gravels.\n- A unique DSPA providing a drilling fluid capable of stabilizing the most difficult sand and gravel conditions.\n- Assists in inhibiting the swelling of clay like materials such as saprolites, talcs & kimberlites which in turn eliminates bit balling.\n- Imparts excellent viscosity yield. It is a superior product for borehole stabilization and encapsulation of solids.\n- Reduces the need of casing in most unconsolidated formations.\n- Will increase productivity and profits.\n- Enhances both bit-life and penetration rates during drilling operations.\n- Based on an environmentally safe technology which has proven to be effective in lubricating down-hole consumables for more than 25 years.\n- ONE SHOT PLUS increases tool joint life by reducing torque in the hole.\nThe recommended starting dosage of Matex ONE SHOT PLUS is from;\n2-4 litres per 1000 litres of water.\n2-4 quarts per 250 gallons of water.\nControl Chemical (1989) Corporation has been a manufacturer of high-performance drilling fluid systems and proprietary vegetable oil lubricants under the Matex brand name for over 25 years. Originating from an initial facility of 6,000 square feet., the Matex products are now manufactured in a modern plant of 50,000 square feet. In 2010 and 2011 over $800,000.00 was invested in plant upgrades to increase production and manufacturing efficiency, along with their commitment to plant and employee safety programs.\nThe Matex products include downhole lubricants, specialty polymers, foams, tool lubricants, blast hole stabilizers, thread compounds, and non-alcohol environmentally safe freeze control fluids. These products are used for diamond drilling, horizontal directional drilling, rotary and percussive drilling.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.dreamweaverintl.com/technology/the_difference/", "date": "2015-07-28T17:40:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042982013.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002302-00087-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9396523237228394, "token_count": 272, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-32", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-32__0__135717560", "lang": "en", "text": "Current lithium ion battery separator technology is based on stretched films, made in general from either polypropylene or from ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, or both. The processing of these films is extraordinarily difficult, and it is a testament to the technical prowess of our competition that they have been able to achieve the consistency and properties needed to make lithium ion batteries.\nThe difficulty of their processes have heretofore been a huge barrier to entry preventing other companies from entering the lithium ion battery separator market, and so an oligopoly exists with only a few dominant suppliers.\nWith the advent of Dreamweaver's patent pending nanofiber technology, this has all changed. The combination of nanofibers and microfibers and the flexibility afforded by this technology to vary and control the pore size and the pore size distribution is unprecidented in this marketplace. Now, for the first time, a battery separator can be designed specifically for a target application. Need more current? We can make a separator for that. How about a longer lifetime? We can make a separator for that. Faster recharge? That one, too.\nStretched film technology will likely always have a place in this demanding marketplace. But for everything that can't be done with films, there is the Dreamweaver nanofiber technology!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://buckfergesonoriginals.com/products/grazia-duvet-cover", "date": "2021-08-04T15:40:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154878.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804142918-20210804172918-00082.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8092119693756104, "token_count": 114, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__186004002", "lang": "en", "text": "Grazia Duvet Cover\nBurnt (also called Devore ) Velvet Duvet Cover to go with our Rayon Velvet Estrella collection. Devor- A technique where the material undergoes a process to dissolve certain fibers to create a semi-transperent pattern against a more solidly woven fabric.\nFabric Content:55% Viscose /45% Polyester\nCare Instructions: Machine Wash Cold, Gentle Cycle. Do not use Bleach. Tumble Dry Low or Line/Flat Dry. Do not Dry Clean.\nQueen 88 x 96", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.fandomaniax-official.com/collections/shoes/products/custom-yz_boost-350-webslinger-shoes", "date": "2019-06-17T19:38:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998558.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20190617183209-20190617205209-00465.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9362052083015442, "token_count": 476, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__133279022", "lang": "en", "text": "Custom YZ_Boost 350 Webslinger Shoes\nNot available in stores.\n\"Once Sold out, check back again in December 2019!\"\nNo one has a spring in their step as much as Spider-Man has, but with the Webslinger Shoes, you can pretty much have the same cool factor as the ever-personable Peter Parker.\nWhile these shoes won't really make you walk up walls and jump from building to building, they will fit and feel far, far better than most other shoes you have ever tried. This is because of the combination of all-natural breathable materials such as cotton wool, Alpaca, Hemp, Flax, and silk, combined with premium synthetic materials like nylon, polyester, rayon, spandex liquid resins, and Thermoplastic-fused yarn for strength.\nBest of all, these shoes allow you to have footwear with a design not found anywhere else. Unlike other similarly-printed footwear, however, the print of the Webslinger Shoes will not do a fast fade-out only after a short while, thanks to the innovative method used in making the print. Using a process pioneered no less than by Silicon Valley, the Webslinger Shoes comes with a design made via Digital Light Synthesis, which imprints the design using a combination of light, oxygen, and programmable liquid resin. Even Mr. Stark would be impressed\n- Cotton Wool, Alpaca, Hemp, Flax, Silk, Water\n- Nylon, Polyester, Rayon, Spandex, Liquid Resins, Thermoplastic fused Yarn\nFitted with Digital Light Synthesis Soles\nThis product is made of high-quality lithe and lightweight materials made by cutting-edge tech that combines composite fibers and fused yarns. More than 90% of this product is recyclable. The entire upper shoe was knitted completely with fused yarns, and were bound to a 3D-printed sole produced by a method called Digital Light Synthesis (DLS). DLS is a lossless sole-printing method pioneered by Silicon Valley’s Carbon which uses a combination of light, oxygen and programmable liquid resin that creates soft, resilient soles that add significantly to comfort and style.\nPlease check size properly. Size changes/error are non-exchangeable", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://phaseview.com/about-us/", "date": "2022-11-30T19:53:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710771.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130192708-20221130222708-00309.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9019938111305237, "token_count": 200, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__123489176", "lang": "en", "text": "Since its inception over a decade ago, PhaseView masters breakthrough innovation persistently as a result of its largest part of investment directed towards R&D and product development. PhaseView has engineered unique technologies from digital wavefront technology adding novel analysis tools for laser beam profiling to material microscopy enhancing 3D imaging capabilities of any microscope system.\nPhaseView has recently introduced a new generation of light sheet microscopes addressing the needs in life science instrumentation for high temporal and spatial resolution microscopy systems.\nPhaseView specializes in precision instruments for the industrial, medical and scientific markets. Working closely with our customers, PhaseView offers catalog products, custom instruments, products co-development and licensing opportunities.\nDirections To PhaseView Headquarters\n2, Impasse de la Noisette Batiment B, Hall B3, Suite B311 91370 Verrieres Le Buisson, France\nPhaseView is located in the so-called Optics Valley, 15km south west from downtown Paris", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://weatherbuild.co/2018/11/05/environmental-and-weather-conditions-for-exterior-painting-and-coating/", "date": "2019-04-24T02:54:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578624217.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424014705-20190424040037-00001.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9040271639823914, "token_count": 869, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__18661377", "lang": "en", "text": "For exterior painting and coating systems on commercial construction projects, leading building product manufacturers (BPMs) such as The Sherwin-Williams Company and many others offer requirements for and recommendations on the proper environmental and weather conditions, during: first, delivery, storage, and handling; second, project conditions; third, examination; fourth, installation; fifth, drying and curing.\nFive stages of proper environmental and weather conditions for exterior painting and coating systems\n- Delivery, storage, and handling\n- Project conditions\n- Drying and curing\nProtect materials from freezing, maintain a dry storage area\nDelivery, storage, and handling. First, exterior painting and coating system manufacturers provide instructions as to how to store materials in areas within the acceptable temperature ranges, and to protect materials from freezing. Further, when handling materials, it is important for contractors to maintain a dry storage area, and protect materials from rain and other precipitation events, to prevent contamination or damage to the exterior coatings.\nEnvironmental conditions to achieve optimal outcomes\nProject conditions. Second, exterior painting and coating system manufacturers recommend that contractors maintain environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) within the recommended limits for each painting and coating system in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Under no circumstances can a contractor apply painting and coating under environmental conditions outside of the manufacturer’s absolute limits!\nSurfaces must be dry to ensure good adhesion\nExamination. Third, contractors cannot begin application of exterior painting or coating until substrates are properly examined and prepared. If the contractor identifies unsatisfactory conditions, it is important to notify the architect before proceeding. For example, surfaces must be dry to ensure good adhesion. Wet or damp surfaces, from rain, humidity, dew, frost, fog, and other environmental moisture, can compromise the installation.\nNo exterior painting or coating immediately after a rain event\nFor example, in 09 91 13 Exterior Specification, Commercial Painting Specification Guide, The Sherwin-Williams Company recommends no exterior painting or coating immediately after a rain event, during a fog event, when a rain event is forecast, or when a low temperature event is below 50°F — unless the exterior painting and coating systems are designed specifically for each of the environmental conditions and weather conditions.\nDo not apply exterior painting and coating systems to wet or damp surfaces\nInstallation. Fourth, manufacturers recommend that contractors do not apply exterior painting and coating systems to wet or damp surfaces. For example, after a low intensity or high intensity rain event, or after dew, frost, or fog events, suspend work and wait until substrates are completely dry — block, concrete, cement composition siding / panels, drywall – exterior, exterior composition board (hardboard), wood, and other substrates.\nAvoid environmental and weather impacts during the first 16 to 24 hours of curing\nDrying and curing. After installation and during the early stages of drying, exterior painting and coating systems are sensitive to rain, high humidity dew, frost, and fog events and moisture condensation as a result of environmental and weather conditions. Accordingly, contractors need to plan exterior coating and painting schedule activities and work results in order to avoid environmental and weather impacts during the first 16 to 24 hours of curing.\nMore in the next blog post about weather-enabled decision support, weather safety and weather risk management for the construction industry and built environment…\nHeadquartered in Cambridge, MA, WeatherBuild® offers a suite of decision support solutions that empower contractors, owners and operators to improve situational awareness and make better-informed decisions about weather events, schedule impacts, safety risks and probable outcomes.\n© 2018 Weather Build, Inc. All rights reserved.\n“WeatherBuild®”, “Weather Controls®”, and “Decision Support Solutions for the Construction Industry and Built Environment®” are registered trademarks of Weather Build, Inc.\nThe WeatherBuild “W” logo and app icon, “WeatherBuild Solutions™”, “WeatherBuild Basic™”, “WeatherBuild Pro™”, “WeatherBuild API™”, and “Increase productivity. Enhance safety. Manage risk.™” are trademarks of Weather Build, Inc. All rights reserved in the United States and other countries.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://intelligentcoatingsprofessionals.com/coatings/permatint-coating-for-brick-and-masonry/", "date": "2020-04-06T05:05:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371618784.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406035448-20200406065948-00260.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9397401213645935, "token_count": 296, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__54426768", "lang": "en", "text": "PermaTint Limited manufactures unique and durable masonry paints and stains for stone, brick, block, concrete, stucco and other masonry surfaces.\nTraditional paints (latex, acrylic or oil) mechanically bond (or stick) to the surface they are applied to and form a coating on it. These coatings will not allow moisture from within the wall to escape naturally. In time, this trapped moisture will cause the paint coating to lift, crack and peel. Further, exterior environmental factors such as humidity fluctuations, UV rays and freeze/thaw cycles constantly wear at the vulnerable mechanical bonds causing fading and eventual failure. The result is a paint coating that requires consistent, expensive maintenance.\nPermaTint’s mineral based paints and stains function completely differently from traditional paints. They soak into the surface they are applied to and crystallize within it. Rather than sticking to the surface, our mineral paints go through a chemical reaction that permanently locks the color in – simply put, they become part of the brick rather than being a coating on it. Because the paint is comprised of natural minerals, it leaves the surface in a breathable state allowing internal moisture to evaporate\nOur pigments are natural inorganic iron-oxides that are impervious to UV, allowing our paints and stains to maintain their rich and vibrant colours. Our products come with a 10 year replacement warranty and have a life expectancy of 20 – 30 years or more, with no maintenance.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://m.kanishkfabtex.com/navy-baan-6802243.html", "date": "2023-12-05T16:03:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205140836-20231205170836-00730.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9564105272293091, "token_count": 105, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__63716378", "lang": "en", "text": "Navy Baan is a multipurpose string or rope, which is used by manufactures of several commodities. Manufacturers use it to make drawstring bags, canvas bags, juco sling bags, tote bags, calico bags, etc. This is made of cotton and has high tearing strength. Many outfit doris are also made with the help of this baan. It is offered with dark blue color and has colorfastness properties as well. Navy Baan can be provided to customers in the required length.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.hennecke-oms.com/en/applications/building-industry", "date": "2023-06-10T16:45:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224657735.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610164417-20230610194417-00761.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9227221608161926, "token_count": 184, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__84735543", "lang": "en", "text": "The specific energy demand of residential and industrial buildings can be significantly reduced with modern insulation. It is not without reason that countless governmental and non-governmental organizations are striving to establish sustainable measures in construction and modernization of buildings. A large proportion of the global market leaders use plant technology from HENNECKE-OMS to produce sandwich panels and a variety of other products, whether that be polyurethane insulating panels with flexible facings or sandwich panels with rigid steel facings and a polyurethane or mineral wool core structure. The scope of applications is extremely diverse and ranges from the construction of industrial and office buildings using insulated roof and wall panels, to efficient insulation of residential buildings, to cold storages or garage doors. HENNECKE-OMS plant technology for the production of sandwich and insulating panels is thus used for design solutions all over the world thanks to the considerable energy savings it brings.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://magnetsonly.blogspot.com/2011/08/demagnetizing-ferromagnets.html", "date": "2019-05-26T23:40:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232260161.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526225545-20190527011545-00085.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8009032607078552, "token_count": 238, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__101568740", "lang": "en", "text": "Magnetized ferromagnetic materials can be demagnetized (or degaussed) in the following ways:\n- Heating a magnet past its Curie temperature; the molecular motion destroys the alignment of the magnetic domains. This always removes all magnetization.\n- Placing the magnet in an alternating magnetic field with an intensity above the material's coercivity and then either slowly drawing the magnet out or slowly decreasing the magnetic field to zero. This is the principle used in commercial demagnetizers to demagnetize tools and erase credit cards and hard disks and degaussing coils used to demagnetize CRTs.\n- Some demagnetization or reverse magnetization will occur if any part of the magnet is subjected to a reverse field above the magnetic material's coercivity.\n- Demagnetisation progressively occurs if the magnet is subjected to cyclic fields sufficient to move the magnet away from the linear part on the second quadrant of the B-H curve of the magnetic material (the demagnetisation curve).\n- Hammering or jarring: the mechanical disturbance tends to randomize the magnetic domains. Will leave some residual magnetization.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://sudabuttfusionwelder.en.made-in-china.com/product/JoznRQkxuNGs/China-Sud200mm-400mm-Hydraulic-Butt-Fusion-Welding-Machine.html", "date": "2017-11-18T02:23:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804518.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118021803-20171118041803-00141.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8168529868125916, "token_count": 853, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__64993846", "lang": "en", "text": "Sud200mm-400mm Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine\n|FOB Price:||US $2,180-2,500 / Set|\n|Min. Order:||1 Set|\n|Min. Order||FOB Price|\n|1 Set||US $2,180-2,500/ Set|\n|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, D/P, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram|\n- Model NO.: SUD400H\n- Cooling Way: Air Cooling\n- Frequency Range: Low Frequency\n- Type: Butt Welders\n- Warranty: 14 Months\n- Working Voltage: 380V/220V 50Hz\n- Color: Blue, Red&Black, Yellow,Blue&Black\n- Trademark: SUDA\n- Specification: ISO, CE\n- HS Code: 85152900\n- Welding Range: 200mm-400mm\n- Control: Semi-Automatic\n- Electric Current: AC\n- Certification: ISO, Ce\n- Total Power: 7.0kw\n- Weight: 420kg\n- Application: HDPE Pipe Welding\n- Transport Package: Wooden Box\n- Origin: China\nApplication & Features\nBrief: Suitable for welding of plastic pipes and fittings made from PE, PP & PVDF.\nBe made of Aluminum material.\nConsists of Planning Tool, Heating Plate, Basic Frame, Hydraulic Unit and Support.\nFeature:1. Removable PTFE coated heating plate with separate temperature control system.\n2. Electric Planning Tool with reversible double cutting edge blades.\n3. Hydraulic Unit provides welding machine with compressing power.\n4. Be made of Aluminum material.\n5. Low starting pressure ensures reliable welding quality of small pipes.\n6. Temperature Controller and Timer, easy to know the exact time and temperature.\n|Welding range(mm)||200 225 250 280 315 355 400|\n|Heating Plate Max. Temp||270°c|\n|Temp. Deviation in Surface||≤±7°c|\n|Working Voltage||380V/220V 50HZ|\n|Heating Plate Power||4.0KW|\n|Planning Tool Power||1.50KW|\n|Hydraulic Unit Power||1.50KW|\n|Pressure Adjustable Ranges||0-8.0MPa|\n|Wooden Box||3 Wooden Boxes|\n1.The main accessories of the welding machine are made by fully automatic aluminum casting. It is lighter, more solid and smooth than the machine made by sand-casting and steel-form technology.\n2.Using static plastic-spraying process, colorful,smooth surface and not easy to be damaged.\n3.The main accessories of the hydraulic station are imported overseas, which could reduces the maintence and extends the life of hydraulic station.\n4.The package we use is fumigated cartons which has nice appearance and solid structure for convenient trasportation.\n1. One year warranty, life-long maintenance.\n2. In warranty time, if non-artificial reason damaged can take old change new for free. Out of warranty time, we can Offer maintenance service (charge for material cost).\nOur company has advanced production equipment and strong technology. The producing process is under strict management in quality. Our products are sold around the world and highly thought of since excellent quality and perfect service at home and abroad\n2.The advantage for product?\nHigh efficiency , energy saving and good quality.\n3.The advantage for us ?\nReasonable price and best services , advanced equipment and strong technology.\n4.How to order?\nDo not hesitate to contact by online or Email as soon as possible once you are interested in our products. The specific quotation will be offered basing the request dimension and quantity\n5. What about the quality?\nAll products according to ISO and National highest standard, also we can offer CE, certificate if necessary. The machine have one year warranty.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://gundem.emu.edu.tr/en/2015/12/08/the-winter-savior-but-dangerous/", "date": "2023-12-08T12:38:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100745.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208112926-20231208142926-00372.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9670332670211792, "token_count": 264, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__24219066", "lang": "en", "text": "The winter period is gradually reaching its peak and everyone is mostly covered up in heavy clothing materials as expected. The season requires people to acquire the best clothing that will suit the cold weather like winter jackets, blankets, stocks, head warmers, hand gloves, sweaters and other cold preventive clothing materials. Regardless of the season, when people shop for clothing materials, they mostly care not about the component of the materials they are acquiring and what they are made of before purchasing and using them. It is important to check because some blankets that are used during the winter season might be dangerous to our health.\nA slew of blankets are made from pure acrylic. Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers gotten from polymer, it is wool-like, warm and soft which is good for absorption of cold but it is also harmful to our health due to the toxic substances used in its manufacturing processes. Researches have indicated that acrylic fibers can cause breast cancer in women and also causes harm to those with dermatological conditions like itching, rashes, eczema, dermatitis and redness.\nIt is advisable to check the components of our clothes not just for the designers and styles. Clothes made from either cotton, silk, wool, cashmere, linen, hemp, organic fabrics or organic clothing are said to be the best.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://rautitanium.com/titanium-hardware", "date": "2018-03-22T07:35:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647782.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322073140-20180322093140-00526.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8259486556053162, "token_count": 142, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-13__0__213110554", "lang": "en", "text": "Titanium Assembly Hardware\nRau Titanium proprietary Grade 5 PVD Titanium assembly hardware shares comparable qualities to high strength Grade 8 steel bolts with a tensile strength of 950 MPa. However, our grade 5 titanium hardware is 50% lighter, reducing each multi-piece wheel by over 1lb. at the critical outermost point on the wheel and is corrosion fade resistant.\nOur titanium assembly hardware for 2 and 3 piece wheels comes in both M7 and M8 sizing with a 26mm or 32mm shaft length. Yes, I said shaft length…\nRaw Titanium, PVD Black, Gold, NeoChrome\n32mm (3-piece wheels), 26mm (2-piece wheels)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://racetechtitanium.com/", "date": "2017-04-26T05:50:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121165.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00606-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8309202790260315, "token_count": 261, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__276507508", "lang": "en", "text": "RZR900 & RZR1000 Titanium Bolts & Custom Parts now available!! Complete Titanium suspension, Titanium Rollcage, Titanium Radius Rods & More!!!\nTitanium ATV Bolt Kits & Custom Parts for Drag & MX Quads\nCheck out our full line of Titanium ATV parts to customize your quad and win races! Parts include - Swingarms, A-arms, Steering Stems, Sub-frames, Shock Bolts, and More!!\nTitanium Bolt Kits for KTM, Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and Suzuki\nRaceTech Titanium parts are made using Aerospace grade Titanium. Parts are heat treated, micro peened, REM finished, and PVD coated to insure superior strength and durability.\nTitanium Bolts and Custom Parts for every racing and industrial application.\nRaceTech Titanium specializes in Strong and Light Titanium parts for Race Cars, Motorcycles, ATV's, and Race Boats. We also supply Titanium, Aluminum, and Steel fasteners for Industrial, Medical, and Chemical applications. Browse the website to see a full list of our parts and services.\nTitanium Fasteners available for Industrial, Medical, and Chemical applications\nRaceTech offers custom, light weight, corrosion resistant, friction reducing fasteners for every application", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://en.prettynailshop24.de/p_5823_jolifin-acryl-pulver-klar-10g", "date": "2023-09-23T15:32:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506481.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923130827-20230923160827-00785.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9063831567764282, "token_count": 286, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__154113160", "lang": "en", "text": "Jolifin acrylic powder - clear 10g\n- 24h Express Article\n- 30 days return\nJolifin acrylic powder - clear 10g for a fantastic nail design with acrylic\nJolifin Acrylic Powder - clear 10g for perfect nail modelling with acrylic. Acrylic powders are processed with acrylic liquid. The viscosity of the powder can be varied as desired by using more or less liquid. Acrylic powders are suitable for natural nail extensions as well as for artificial nail extensions with tips or templates. The powder mixed with acrylic liquid is air-hardening after modelling (approx. 5 minutes) and very resistant. By finishing with a polishing block and a few drops of nail oil (with different scents, peach is very popular) the surface is polished to a high gloss. Alternatively, you can seal with a light-curing high-gloss sealer (for example, Jolifin Clear UV-Top Sealing Pro).\n- low odour\n- Content 10g\n|Sabrina from Wadern Wadrill||\"Good acrylic powder that's easy to work with. Well suited as an undercoat for other colour powders. I am very satisfied with it ?. \"|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://theinternetisgoingcrazyoverthismagnifi.wikidee.org/this-is-honeycomb-calcite-it-can-only-be-found-in-one-mine-in-the-entire-world.html", "date": "2018-04-24T18:13:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947033.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424174351-20180424194351-00186.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.945672333240509, "token_count": 378, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__200450299", "lang": "en", "text": "This is honeycomb calcite. It can only be found in one mine in the entire world!\nThis is honeycomb calcite. It can only be found in one mine in the entire world! Duchesne, Utah\nThe honeylike yellow and the honeycomb appearance of the calcite pattern, revealed by polishing, is where the impressive stone obtains its name.\nThe \"honeycomb\" is formed by long fibrous and tubular crystal cells of honey-yellow calcite, outlined by white membranes that surround the cells, much in appearance like honeycombs of bees, which are honey yellow cells surrounded by pale waxy walls.\nThe honeycomb pattern -- the \"bundling\" of the needle-like cell growths -- adds strength to the stone.\nThe stone has a unique appearance: honeycomb calcite has a yellow, orangy, gold color, membranous patterns, particular transparency and translucency. It is a stone that will take a high amount of polishing. It doesn't fade in sunlight as quickly as other calcites.\nThe golden color comes from sulfur deposits that took place at the time of the calcite's formation, it is thought, and the calcite patterns change depending on the point of origin of the calcite cell growth: some are tight \"honey sugar,\" small hexagon cells grouped close. Some are large cell areas, making the stone appear to some like \"petrified honey.\"\nHoneycomb calcite comes from only one place in the world, Utah state. It comes in soft, pale sunshine yellow to deeper, richer golden amber colors. It depends on the thickness of the stone.\nThis color and pattern is set off to a particular effect when there is backlighting. The stone appears to glow due to its translucency, holding and diffusing light.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://main.stylelist.com/2010/07/30/what-makes-lipgloss-shiny/", "date": "2015-05-29T04:18:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929869.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00212-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9485881924629211, "token_count": 268, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-22__0__141704627", "lang": "en", "text": "But have you ever wondered what makes lip gloss so shiny?\n\"The key to getting high shine is using materials with a high refractive index -- a technical measure of how light interacts with the material versus in air. Light is reflected from the surface as it reaches the material. The higher the refractive, index, the shinier the material,\" says Dr. Sarah Vickery, principal scientist with CoverGirl.\nYet making a high-shine lip gloss that's also comfortable to wear can be tricky.\n\"Materials with a refractive index greater than 1.4 are considered noticeably shiny by consumers. The major shine component in most lip glosses is polybutene. It's a polymer with a refractive index over 1.4, so it's extremely shiny, but it's also very sticky and tacky. This is why so many really shiny lip glosses have the unfortunate reputation of getting your hair stuck in them. The key to getting high shine without stickiness is to balance the polybutene with lightweight emollients,\" says Dr. Vickery.\nDr. Vickery's own strategic balancing of ingredients can be found in CoverGirl's ShineBlast Lipgloss, which cleverly toes the line between shine and comfort.\nWho knew you could get a Ph.D in lip gloss mixology?", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.enitoflooring.com/en/collections/decking/decking/dec-screw", "date": "2013-05-20T06:58:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368698493317/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516100133-00028-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9208390712738037, "token_count": 324, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__189466371", "lang": "en", "text": "Black coated screw-heads\nwith self-tapping thread design\nENiTo stainless steel (304) head deck screws is an excellent choice for all your decking needs and more. Our special composition of stainless steel is one of a kind. It is hardened and rust free and is of the quality you come to expect from ENiTo products. All of our stainless steel products come with a lifetime warranty against staining and rusting.\nAt ENiTo we are committed to manufacturing and supplying high quality products. The small head and the self-tapping thread design of deck screw prevents the wood or any materials from splitting. Pre-drilling is necessary if the building material's limitations require a pilot hole to be drilled. (Always consult wood supplier's / manufacturer's recommendations).\nIn the design, development and manufacturing of the ENiTo Deck screw, we adhere to the following principles to ensure that our customers are getting the Industry’s Toughest Screws:\n- quality design\n- no hassles and labor reducing\n- extended life\n- strong heads\n- built to last\nThey are also ideal for the installation of other carpentry applications. ENiTo stainless steel (304) deck screw have the smallest screw head on the market.\n- Use appropriate driver bit.\n- No pre-drilling except where wood limitations require.\n- DO NOT use deck cleaners which contain bleach with coated metals.\n- Always consult wood supplier's / manufacturer's recommendations.\n- Metal to wood connections: avoid damage to the coating by pre-drilling the metal.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://drpaulzeitz.org/the-breakthrough-that-could-actually-reverse-climate-change/", "date": "2024-04-25T02:33:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296820065.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425000826-20240425030826-00684.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.960269033908844, "token_count": 157, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__166070890", "lang": "en", "text": "We take it for granted, but concrete is the foundation (no pun intended) of countless buildings, homes, bridges, skyscrapers, millions of miles of highways, and some of the most impressive feats of civil engineering the world has ever known. It’s the most widely-used human-made substance on the planet.\nIt also happens to be incredibly bad for the climate. Portland cement, the most commonly used base (the goop that gets mixed with sand and gravel, or aggregate, to form concrete), is made with limestone that is quarried and then heated to staggeringly high temperatures — releasing huge amounts of carbon dioxide in the process. Add to that all the fuel burned to mine and crush the aggregate, and you’ve got a climate disaster.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.health2med.com/femur-shaft-fracture/", "date": "2022-07-05T19:45:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104597905.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220705174927-20220705204927-00057.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9140307903289795, "token_count": 263, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__147019655", "lang": "en", "text": "The bone fragment of an oblique fracture is inclined to slip over each other. The orthopedic bone plate should be applied to function as a compression plate and buttress plate.\nIf a plate is immobile to the fragment which forms an acute angle with the fracture. Then axial compression is generated because of which fragment is displaced and the reduction is lost.\nOn the other hand, if the plate is immobile to the fragment which forms an obtuse angle along with the fracture. Then axial compression is generated, and spike of the conflicting fragment is driven against the plate. accordingly, displacement is prevented, and axial compression is achieved.\nDouble Plating –\nUsually double plating of the bone is not required. It is exceptional when bone quality is less than the optimal. Also, double plating may be called in a fracture configuration where solid bone contact on the cortex opposite the plate is improbable. Always second plate should be smaller both in length and size, then the major fixation plate as two plate of a similar length act as severe stress riser at their ends. Generally, double plating is used to fixed subtrochanteric and supracondylar fracture of the femur. These bone plates are manufactured by top orthopedic implants company with different material.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bcscarcare.com/automotive/size-and-trends-in-the-automotive-glass-market/", "date": "2024-02-26T03:35:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474650.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226030734-20240226060734-00012.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9140530824661255, "token_count": 1004, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__154403705", "lang": "en", "text": "Trends in the Automotive Glass Market\nIn 2022, the global automotive glass market achieved a valuation of USD 30.8 billion, with projections indicating a steady compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1% from 2023 to 2030. The industry’s growth is spurred by a growing emphasis on lightweight vehicles, driven by escalating concerns over harmful emissions from automobiles and their adverse environmental impact. The automotive sector’s focus on incorporating glass components has been fueled by the need for sustainable practices. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), the global production of automobiles surged to 85.02 million vehicles in 2022. This notable increase is primarily attributed to robust manufacturing activities, notably in countries like China and India, where governmental initiatives regarding motor vehicle regulations have played a significant role in fostering automotive development.\nThe automotive industry is undergoing a technological revolution, prompting market players to introduce advanced products tailored to modern vehicle designs. AIS Glass in India exemplifies this trend, providing innovative solutions like solar green glass and acoustic PVB for the Toyota Yaris and a 2.8mm backlight for the new Wagon R in FY 2018-2019.\nThe surge in electric vehicle production and the integration of new display and battery technologies are anticipated to positively impact the demand for automotive glass. Dutch company Lightyear’s electric car prototype, the Lightyear One, features integrated solar cells beneath the roof and hood, recharging directly from the sun.\nWhile technological advancements continue, challenges arise concerning raw material availability and cost structure. Soda ash, a key raw material, has experienced price hikes due to limited supply. Manufacturers are scaling up production capacities to meet demand from key markets like automotive glass.\nThe focus on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction has led to increased production of lightweight and electric vehicles, driving demand for automotive glass. Despite an overall decline in vehicle production, the demand for automotive glass remains steady, supported by the rise in commercial vehicle and electric car production.\nTechnological innovations extend beyond vehicle advancements to glass technologies, such as Gentex Corporation’s dimmable and display glass. Sunroof demand, driven by consumer luxury preferences, contributes to the growth of the automotive glass industry.\nHowever, high manufacturing costs pose a challenge, particularly with over 90% of automotive glass produced through the capital-intensive float glass process. The tempered glass segment dominates the market, accounting for 59.1% of revenue in 2022, with its strength, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for windows and backlights. The laminated glass segment is expected to grow rapidly, driven by safety features and applications in windscreens and sunroofs. Companies like Volvo, Ferrari, and Tesla incorporate laminated glass in cars with panoramic sunroofs, further propelling segment growth.\nIn response to rapidly evolving consumer demands, the automotive industry is witnessing continuous technological advancements. The transition from traditional fuel-based to electric vehicles and manual to automatic transmissions reflects these dynamic changes. Innovations in automotive glass technology, such as Gentex Corporation’s dimmable and display glass, showcase the industry’s commitment to enhancing driving experiences.\nSolar technology is becoming a prominent feature in electric vehicles, with companies like Lightyear introducing prototypes like the Lightyear One, equipped with integrated solar cells. These solar panels not only contribute to sustainable energy practices but also enhance the range of electric vehicles.\nThe emphasis on fuel efficiency and reduced emissions has led to a surge in lightweight and electric vehicle production, fostering a consistent demand for automotive glass. Despite an overall decline in vehicle production, the automotive glass industry remains resilient, driven by the increasing manufacturing of commercial vehicles and electric cars.\nConsumers’ growing penchant for luxury has steered automotive manufacturers toward innovations, particularly in sunroof systems. The incorporation of either built-in or optional sunroof systems in mid and premium car segments propels the demand for automotive glass, aligning with consumer preferences for enhanced driving experiences.\nWhile technological progress continues to shape the automotive glass landscape, manufacturing costs remain a significant challenge. The float glass process, responsible for over 90% of the world’s automotive glass, demands substantial capital investment, making profitability contingent on operating at high capacity utilization.\nProduct-wise, the tempered glass segment stands out, capturing 59.1% of the revenue share in 2022. Its popularity stems from attributes like low cost, high strength, and robustness, making it the preferred choice for windows and backlights. On the other hand, the laminated glass segment is poised for rapid growth, boasting safety features that keep it intact even after accidents, thereby ensuring passenger safety. Volvo, Ferrari, and Tesla’s utilization of laminated glass in cars with panoramic sunroofs underscores its increasing prominence in the market.\nAs automotive glass continues to evolve in tandem with broader industry trends, innovation and adaptability remain key drivers in meeting consumer expectations and regulatory requirements.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.packbgr.com/the-packaging-blog/green-cell-plus-product-review", "date": "2024-04-14T04:49:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00720.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.914167046546936, "token_count": 1044, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__159303640", "lang": "en", "text": "GREEN CELL PLUS: THE SUSTAINABLE COLD CHAIN PACKAGING SOLUTION\nGreen Cell Plus is a compostable box liner that keeps perishable shipments cold for days.\nWHY IT MATTERS\nSustainable cold chain packaging is increasingly important in reducing environmental impact. While EPS (commonly known as Styrofoam) offers great insulation for shipping, it has a notable ecological footprint. Green Cell Plus offers a planet-friendly alternative, delivering comparable insulation performance to EPS while mitigating environmental damage.\nKEEP YOUR COLD CHAIN PRODUCTS AT THE RIGHT TEMPERATURE\nThe most important aspect of a cold chain packaging solution is one that will keep products at the desired temperature from the time the product is packaged to the time the consumer opens the box. Green Cell Plus’s proven insulation capabilities keep products cold.\nHow Green Cell Plus works: Green Cell Plus is made from corn starch-based foam that incorporates thousands of tiny air pockets that trap air, providing a barrier against heat. When combined with a cold gel pack, Green Cell Plus maintains the package's internal temperature. This capability ensures that temperature-sensitive shipments, such as perishable foods and pharmaceuticals, stay cold throughout transit.\nCustomize your cold chain packaging for your application: Green Cell Plus can be tailored to meet specific temperature ranges and transit times, offering you versatility for various shipping needs. It comes in a range of thicknesses and densities to meet any thermal performance need.\nReduce reshipments with lab-tested insulation: If you have shipments thawing out in transit, BGR can lab test your packout to diagnose the problem and find a solution. Green Cell Plus’s reliability is backed by extensive testing to ensure that products make it to their destination at the right temperature, every time. We offer comparative R-Value testing to ensure you are getting better insulation performance compared to your current coolers.\nELIMINATE WASTE AND REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT\nGreen Cell Plus helps you minimize your environmental impact in two key ways:\nELIMINATES EPS WASTE\nGreen Cell Plus gives your customer multiple options for sustainable disposal:\n- The foam can be safely dissolved in water without contaminating the water. The customer simply needs to put it in their sink and turn the water on.\n- The foam can also be composted in a home or municipal compost bin.\nEither way, Green Cell Plus leaves no waste at the end of its life, saving landfill space and keeping pollution out of the environment.\nREDUCES YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT\nSince Green Cell Plus is made from renewable resources, it comes with a lower carbon footprint. Its eco-friendly design gives it an 80% lower carbon footprint than EPS.\nEASY SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND ASSEMBLY THANKS TO AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN\nIn addition to its insulation performance and sustainability, Green Cell Plus's design improves your packaging logistics.\nSave space in trucks and warehouses: Green Cell Plus ships and stores at flat panels. This cuts down on shipping costs and saves floor space in the warehouse.\nIncrease speed on the packing line: Green Cell Plus has a rigid structure with pre-folded edges that make it easy to handle and fit into the box. This simplifies the packing and assembly process, making it both time-efficient and user-friendly.\nTHE BOTTOM LINE:\nGreen Cell Plus maximizes sustainability without compromising on insulation performance.\nGreen Cell Plus offers a sustainable alternative to traditional cold chain packaging, significantly reducing waste and carbon footprint, without compromising the quality of temperature control for sensitive shipments. With its customizable features and sustainable disposal options, Green Cell Plus not only meets the diverse needs of businesses but also aligns with the growing consumer demand for eco-friendly packaging.\nRecycle the plastic sleeve: Cut open the sleeve to remove the foam and recycle the film at a store drop-off facility\nCompost or dissolve the foam: After recycling the plastic sleeve, the end-user can dispose of the foam one of two ways:\nCompost the foam: Can be composted in home compost bin or in municipal compost facility\nDissolve the foam: Put the foam in the kitchen sink and turn the water on. The foam will completely dissolve in under 60 seconds.\nThe plastic sleeve creates a barrier against water, which protects the foam from dissolving due to condensation, moisture, or humidity.\nYes, it also comes in a standard “Green Cell” option (no “Plus”). The standard version does not have the plastic sleeve, as no moisture resistance is needed. It works as protective packaging for anything from electronics, to beauty products, to glass.\nGreen Cell Plus is compostable rather than recyclable. However, ClimaCell is a cold chain solution similar to Green Cell Plus that is certified as curbside recyclable. Reach out to your BGR rep to discuss which one is best for your business.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://aamweb.info/silicon-defect-proves-a-photonic-keystone-to-quantum-internet-research-technology-jul-2022/", "date": "2023-03-25T16:49:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945368.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325161021-20230325191021-00048.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9013652205467224, "token_count": 496, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__53511243", "lang": "en", "text": "Previous research has indicated silicon as a suitable material for producing stable and long-lived qubits. The current research provides proof of principle that T centers, a specific luminescent defect in silicon, can provide a photonic link between qubits.\nA single T center qubit in the silicon lattice, which supports the first single spin to ever be optically observed in silicon. The constituents of the T center (two carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom) are shown as orange, and the optically addressable electron spin is in shining pale blue. Courtesy of Simon Fraser University.\nThe work, according to Stephanie Simmons, co-leader of SFU’s Silicon Quantum Technology Lab, represents the first measurement of single T centers in isolation, and the first measurement of a single spin in silicon performed solely with optical measurements.\n“An emitter like the T center that combines high-performance spin qubits and optical photon generation is ideal to make scalable, distributed, quantum computers, because they can handle the processing and the communications together, rather than needing to interface two different quantum technologies, one for processing and one for communications,” Simmons said.\nAdditionally, T centers have the advantage of emitting light at the same wavelength used in current fiber communications and telecom networking equipment.\nAn optical microscope image of an array of integrated photonic devices, used to perform the first all-optical single-spin measurement in silicon. Tens of thousands of such ‘micropuck’ devices were fabricated on a single silicon photonic chip. Courtesy of Simon Fraser University.\n“With T centers, you can build quantum processors that inherently communicate with other processors,” Simmons said. “When your silicon qubit can communicate by emitting photons (light) in the same band used in data centers and fiber networks, you get these same benefits for connecting the millions of qubits needed for quantum computing.”\nThe researchers said that developing quantum technology using silicon provides opportunities to quickly scale quantum computing, as the infrastructure required to manufacture silicon computer chips already exists.\n“This represents an almost insurmountable competitive advantage in the international race for a quantum computer,” Simmons said. The team believes its results unlock immediate opportunities to construct silicon-integrated, telecommunications-band quantum information networks.\nThe research was published in Nature (www.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04821-y).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://thespringmount6pack.com/2014/03/understanding-carpet-fiber/", "date": "2016-05-28T05:50:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049277313.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002117-00060-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9519255757331848, "token_count": 267, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2016-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-22__0__59060087", "lang": "en", "text": "Understanding Carpet Fiber\nCarpet is one of the softest flooring options available, and provides an extremely cushioned surface for your feet in any room. Before choosing a carpet, it’s important to become familiar with the many variations of carpet fibers that exist. Below are the 4 most common carpet materials, and distinguishing characteristics of each:\n- Nylon carpet: Nylon is very soft, durable, and resistant to most stains. Nylon is also one of the most popular carpet materials, and is used widely in the carpet industry.\n- Polyester carpet: Polyester is a popular carpet material as it is able to hold color extremely well. Polyester is also non-allergenic, and many major manufacturers produce polyester using recycled plastic bottles, making the carpet very eco-friendly.\n- Polypropylene carpet: Polypropylene is soft like nylon, and extremely resilient and resistant to stains, mildew and shedding.\n- Wool carpet: Wool carpets are natural, luxurious and extremely long lasting. However, wool is often more susceptible to staining, and can be extremely expensive.\nRegardless of the material used to manufacture the carpet, one thing is certain: carpet is an excellent flooring choice than comes in a variety of styles and options that can add life to any room.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.naura-akrion.com/furnace/furnaces-for-digital-ic-technology/", "date": "2022-08-12T16:07:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00395.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8597227931022644, "token_count": 276, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__165090098", "lang": "en", "text": "Furnaces for Digital IC Technology\nAkrion Technologies’ complete product line of vertical, FLOURIS, furnaces for digital IC manufacturers provide diffusion, oxidation, annealing & alloying capabilities for substrate sizes from 100 – 200 mm. The FLOURIS offers advanced process control and safety features to meet today’s challenging requirements all supported on a modern, sustainable platform.\nThe Digital IC (integrated circuit) market, largely composed of the largest IC manufacturers of memory, microprocessor, logic and foundry companies, is recognized as one of the most technically challenging markets in microelectronics. Modeled by the traditional “Moore’s Law”, Digital IC manufacturers are constantly pushing the limits in reducing feature size to new limits by introducing new device structures, novel materials and new methods.\nFLOURIS 201 Anneal/Oxidation Vertical Furnace\nThe FLOURIS 201 Vertical Anneal/Oxidation Furnace provides medium and high temperature annealing or oxidation of 200 mm silicon wafers for advanced IC devices. Based upon Naura’s popular 300 mm THEORIS 302, the FLOURIS 201 provides 200 mm fabs with the same reliability and process control in the growth of silicon dioxide films for buffer dielectric, sacrificial oxide, and gate oxide layers in front-end of line processing.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jogjasignature.com/tag/sisal-indonesia/", "date": "2024-04-22T16:28:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818312.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422144517-20240422174517-00054.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9596017599105835, "token_count": 331, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__1724749", "lang": "en", "text": "Lokantara Indonesia is a sisal fiber supplier that is committed to providing high-quality and sustainable products for various industries. Sisal is a versatile natural fiber that is extracted from the leaves of the agave plant. It has a range of applications, including as a raw material for rope, twine, paper, and even clothing.\nFounded in 2020, Lokantara Indonesia is based in West Java, Indonesia. The company sources its sisal fiber from local farmers who grow the agave plant on their land. By supporting local farmers, Lokantara Indonesia is helping to create sustainable livelihoods in rural communities while also promoting sustainable agriculture practices.\nOne of the key benefits of sisal fiber is that it is biodegradable and compostable. This means that products made from sisal can be disposed of without harming the environment. In contrast, synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester can take hundreds of years to decompose and contribute to the pollution of our oceans and landfills.\nLokantara Indonesia takes pride in ensuring that its sisal fiber is of the highest quality. The company carefully selects the leaves from the agave plant and processes them using traditional methods to ensure that the fibers are strong, durable, and consistent in quality. The result is a premium product that meets the needs of various industries, including the agricultural, construction, and textile industries.\nThe company offers a range of sisal fiber products, including raw fibers, twisted yarns, and finished products such as rugs, baskets, and bags. Lokantara Indonesia can also customize its products according to the needs of its customers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.worldpipelines.com/contracts-and-tenders/26092023/corinth-pipeworks-awarded-snam-offshore-contract/", "date": "2023-12-10T14:41:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00809.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9141319990158081, "token_count": 449, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__30936256", "lang": "en", "text": "Corinth Pipeworks has been awarded a contract by Snam to manufacture and supply approximately 13 km of longitudinally submerged arc-welded steel pipes (LSAW) for the development of an offshore and onshore natural gas pipeline for the floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). The contract is valued at over €10 million.\nThe greenfield FSRU based LNG terminal project in the port of Ravenna is a strategic project to help ensuring Italy’s energy needs, increasing security of supply and diversification. Further-more, the project will provide critical infrastructure, with a capacity of 170 000 m3 and a nominal throughput of 5 billion m3/yr of natural gas.\nThe 26 in. pipeline, will be certified to transport up to 100% hydro-gen. Corinth Pipeworks is utilising cutting-edge technology and infrastructure, providing solutions for hydrogen certification of new pipelines. As such steel pipes produced today and installed in the current gas network shall cover the energy mix of tomorrow.\nSteel pipes will be manufactured at Corinth Pipeworks’ facilities and will include internal and three-layer polypropylene, external coating, as well as concrete weight coating (CWC), applied at the same location as pipe manufacturing at Thisvi, Greece.\nThis award to Corinth Pipeworks is the latest from Snam, with the assistance of its Italian business partner PIPEX, and builds on the company's successful long-term relationship and a succession of earlier pipeline developments.\nRead the latest issue of World Pipelines magazine for pipeline news, project stories, industry insight and technical articles.\nThe September 2023 issue of World Pipelines includes a keynote feature on automation technology for pipelines, and technical articles on deepwater pipeline engineering, hydrogen pipelines, launching and receiving pigs, PLUS a special section on North American pipelines.\nRead the article online at: https://www.worldpipelines.com/contracts-and-tenders/26092023/corinth-pipeworks-awarded-snam-offshore-contract/\nYou might also like\nBill Chilton has been announced as the new Diving Manager at the International Marine Contractors Association.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.globak.com.au/FAQ.aspx", "date": "2015-04-27T12:00:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246658116.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045738-00082-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9004797339439392, "token_count": 3364, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__207832186", "lang": "en", "text": "How does Minwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner work?\nMinwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner penetrates the pores of the wood, reducing the amount of stain the larger pores will absorb. This evens out the absorption of stain, preventing streaking and blotching.\nNot sure what type of finish you have?\nThere's an easy way to tell whether an old finish is going to need Minwax® Antique Furniture Refinisher or Formby's® Paint & Poly Remover.\n1) Dampen a cotton ball with acetone-based nail polish remover.\n2) Choose an inconspicuous test spot and dab it with the cotton.\nIf the cotton sticks or the finish softens, it's varnish, lacquer or shellac. Use Minwax® Antique Furniture Refinisher.\nIf there is no effect, it's a polyurethane finish. Use Formby's® Paint & Poly Remover.\nHow long should Minwax® Wood Finish™ wood stain be left on the wood?\nAnywhere from a few seconds to 15 minutes. The longer the stain is left on the wood, the deeper it will penetrate. For a light tint, wipe the excess stain off after a few minutes; for deeper, richer color, wait as long as 15 minutes.\nIs it necessary to sand after the Minwax® Wood Finish™ has dried?\nNo. In fact, we advise against it. Sanding will result in the removal of some of the dyes and pigments in the stained wood. Since Minwax® Wood Finish™ does not raise the grain, no sanding is necessary before top-coating.\nWhat is Minwax® Sanding Sealer?\nMinwax® Sanding Sealer is formulated to work as a base coat under any Minwax® oil or water-based polyurethane finish. It seals the wood grain, and is designed to be easy to sand, providing an ultra-smooth finish. It is formulated for use on unstained, interior, bare wood surfaces including floors, furniture, doors and cabinets.\nWhat kind of stain does Minwax® Stainable Wood Filler accept?\nMinwax® Stainable Wood Filler has been formulated to accept all Minwax® penetrating stains, including Minwax® Wood Finish wood stain and Minwax® Gel Stain.\nWhat makes Minwax® Gel Stain different from traditional stains such as Minwax® Wood Finish™?\nAs its name implies, Gel Stain has a gelled consistency. The non-drip formula makes it an ideal choice for vertical surfaces. Because it is thick-bodied, it stays more toward the surface of the wood, allowing greater color control during application. In addition, Gel Stain can be applied to non-wood surfaces, including metal and fiberglass, to give them a beautiful wood appearance.\nShould Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner be used with Gel Stain?\nYes. Some woods, such as pine and maple, tend to absorb stains unevenly. Before using Gel Stain, Minwax® Pre-Stain Wood Conditioner should be applied to ensure even stain penetration.\nWhat is the best way to select a sheen for my polyurethane coating?\nSheen choice is a personal preference. Satin sheens reflect less light and gloss sheens reflect more light.\nWhat can be done to avoid bubbles in the polyurethane coating finish?\nThere are four ways. First, stir, don't shake, the can. Second, use a high-quality, natural bristle brush. Third, work the finish into the wood, but don't create excess foam. Fourth, \"tip-off\" the finish before stopping, carefully running the brush at a 45-degree angle the length of each board in one unbroken movement. This will burst and smooth out any bubbles that may have been created.\nHow does Helmsman® Spar Urethane differ from other polyurethanes?\nHelmsman® polyurethane coating contains special ultraviolet absorbers to help protect wood from the graying and fading effects of the sun. Helmsman® also contains special oils that allow it to expand and contract with seasonal temperatures changes.\nIs Helmsman® polyurethane coating suitable for decks and fences?\nNo. Decks and fences have special requirements for protection against the elements. Use an exterior waterproofing product such as Thompson's® WaterSeal® Waterproofer Plus Clear Wood Protector.\nWhat is the benefit of using Minwax® Wipe-On Poly versus a traditional polyurethane?\nMinwax® Wipe-On Poly is easily applied with a cloth, without any drips or brush marks. It is the perfect choice for furniture, interior doors, trim and other woodwork.\nHow is Minwax® Wipe-On Poly applied?\nMinwax® Wipe-On Poly is easily applied by hand, using a soft, lint-free cloth. Put a liberal amount on a clean cloth and rub into the wood. Since it is applied with a cloth, there is no need to worry about drips or brush marks.\nShould Minwax® Wipe-On Poly be sanded between coats?\nYes. A light sanding with very fine sandpaper (#220) or fine steel wool will remove any fine particles of dust that may have settled on the finish while it was wet. Allow Minwax® Wipe-On Poly to dry 2-3 hours before applying the next coat. If a third coat is desired, repeat the same procedure.\nWhat is the benefit of using Water Based Wipe-On Poly versus a traditional polyurethane?\nWater Based Wipe-On Poly is easily applied with a cloth, without any drips or brush marks. It is the perfect choice for furniture, interior doors, trim and other woodwork. Because it’s water based it has little odor, dries quickly and cleans up easily with warm water.\nCan Water Based Wipe-On Poly be applied over Minwax® Wood Finish™ or other stains?\nYes. Water Based Wipe-On Poly is a great way to protect stained wood. Be sure to allow the stain to dry completely before top coating with Water Based Wipe-On Poly.\nCan I apply Water Based Wipe-On Poly over the traditional Minwax® Wipe-On Poly oil-based finish or vice versa?\nYes. The two products can be applied over each other as long as the first has fully cured. Follow the directions for the product you are using. Be sure to apply each coat with only one product. Do not finish part of a surface with one topcoat and part with the other as this could result in an uneven appearance across the surface of the wood.\nWhy does Minwax® Polycrylic® Protective Finish appear milky in the can?\nThe milk-white appearance is caused by the scattering and reflection of light striking the liquid and the particles suspended in it. The slight haziness disappears on the wood leaving a crystal clear finish.\nDoes Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer require sanding between coats?\nNo. Since one coat melts into prior coats, there is no need to sand for adhesion. Also, since each coat dries to the touch in 30 minutes or less, there is less time for dust and debris to fall into the wet coating.\nWhat is Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer? How is it used?\nMinwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer acts as its own sealer and can be used alone. However, applying Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer provides added smoothness. Minwax® Lacquer Sanding Sealer is formulated to work as a base coat under Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer. It is easy to sand, dries quickly, and seals the wood in just one coat. Once sanded, it provides a smooth, even surface that is ready to be top coated with Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer.\nCan lacquer be used over polyurethane? Can polyurethane be used over lacquer?\nNo, polyurethanes and lacquers are not compatible with each other. Applying one over the other may cause problems with adhesion.\nWhat type of applicator works best with Minwax® Clear Brushing Lacquer and Sanding Sealer?\nBrushing lacquers work best with either a natural bristle or a synthetic bristle brush. When choosing an applicator, the most important factor is selecting a high quality brush with tapered bristles that will enable you to “flow” the lacquer onto the wood. Avoid over-brushing, which can leave brush marks in the dried film. Do not use a foam brush, since it will dissolve!\nWhat surfaces is Minwax® Teak Oil recommended for?\nMinwax® Teak Oil is great for indoor and outdoor furniture made from hardwoods and on marine wood surfaces above the waterline.\nHow do I apply Minwax® Teak Oil?\nMinwax® Teak Oil can be applied with a clean cloth or a brush. Apply Minwax® Teak Oil to bare wood or to wood that is free of old finishes, then wipe off any excess moving in the direction of the wood’s grain.\nWhat is the difference between Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors and Minwax® Fast-Drying Polyurethane?\nMinwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors is a durable protective finish specifically formulated for use on hardwood floors. Its professional formula provides superior durability. Its optimized drying technology provides a 25% faster recoat time than regular polyurethanes, and does not require sanding between coats. It applies more easily than regular polyurethane on floor surface, with an advanced anti-settling formula that needs less stirring and has fewer \"highs and lows\", resulting in an even sheen across the floor surface.\nCan Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors be used over Minwax® stains?\nYes, Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors has been formulated to work within the Minwax® system. It can be used over Minwax® Wood Finish™ Stain and Minwax® Gel Stain.\nHow durable is Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors?\nWater Based Polyurethane for Floors provides durability that is comparable to oil-based polyurethanes. It is significantly more durable than most water-based finishes available to consumers.\nWhat is the difference between Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors and Minwax® Super Fast-Drying Polyurethane for Floors?\nWhile both products provide superior durability for protecting hardwood floors, Water Based Polyurethane for Floors has little odor, dries in 2-3 hours and application tools clean up with warm water.\nHow many coats of Water Based Polyurethane for Floors do I need to apply to protect my floor?\nThree coats of Water Based Polyurethane for Floors are recommended. Additional coats may be applied for added durability.\nWhat is the purpose of Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat?\nThe Base Coat seals the wood to prevent a tannin reaction between it and Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Many water-based finishes have higher pH levels than oil-based finishes. When they come in contact with the tannins that exist naturally in wood, a discoloration can occur. Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat must be applied on unstained floors prior to applying and Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Applying a base coat may be unfamiliar to DIYers but not to flooring contractors. When using water-based floor finishes, professionals almost always apply a base coat.\nHow is Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat different from Minwax® Professional Formula Sanding Sealer?\nWater Based Polyurethane Base Coat is formulated for use with Minwax® Water Based Polyurethane for Floors. Its main function is to seal the wood, preventing a tannin reaction. Applying Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat is required on all unstained floors. Water Based Polyurethane Base Coat should never be sanded. Doing so can expose bare wood and a tannin reaction may result. In contrast, Minwax® Professional Formula Sanding Sealer is formulated for use with Minwax® Super-Fast Drying Polyurethane for Floors (oil based). Its function is to provide a first coat that is then sanded smooth to remove any imperfections.\nHow important is it to properly clean my deck before applying a waterproofer?\nProper surface preparation is necessary for the best waterproofer application and performance. All exterior wood—from decks to fences to siding—should be cleaned before sealing, staining or painting to remove dirt, stains from mildew and mold, waterproofers, wood stains, paint and other contaminants. Even new wood can have dirt or other invisible barriers to the penetration of a coating.\nHow do I know which type of cleaner to use for my wood before applying a waterproofer / decking oil?\nIt's important to choose the right cleaner for your project to ensure the best adhesion during the waterproofing process. Use the below guide as a reference when selecting a surface cleaning product:\nTo remove stains from dirt, mildew, algae & fungus stains and there is little or no trace of a residual finish, use Thompson's® Water Seal® Deck Wash.\nTo remove weathered clear & tinted waterproofers or semi-transparent stains in addition to stains from dirt, mildew, algae & fungus, use Thompson's® Water Seal® Heavy Duty Deck Cleaner.\nOn EXTERIOR SURFACES such as Wood & Composite Decks, Fences, Concrete & Masonry, Outdoor Furniture, Roofs & Siding, to remove stains from dirt, mildew, algae and fungus with a non-bleach, chlorine-free oxygenated foaming formula, use, Thompson's® WaterSeal® Oxy Foaming Action Exterior Multi-Surface Cleaner.\nDoes water beading prove a surface is waterproofed and protected from water damage?\nBeading alone is not a measure of water repellency. It is just a surface phenomenon - remember, water will even bead up on a dirt field when it starts to rain. Some products are formulated to produce water beading on wood but do not effectively protect the wood from water penetration and damage. The best way to tell if a surface is waterproofed is to use the \"Splash Test.\" Pour a little water on the surface. If it darkens, the water is penetrating and the surface needs to be protected. If it beads, rolls off or stands on the surface, but does not darken the surface, it is protected. Thompson's® WaterSeal® waterproofers penetrate the wood so that even after the beading is gone, the waterproofing protection lasts.\nCan water-based waterproofers work as well as oil/solvent-based waterproofers?\nYes. Thompson's® WaterSeal® Advanced waterproofers, which are water-based, offer the highest level of waterproofing protection available. In fact, they far exceed the industry standard for waterproofing wood.\nWhere else can Shield-Crete™ Epoxy be used besides garage floors?\nShield-Crete™ is also great for basement floors, laundry room floors, storage areas, patios or landings.\nWhy does Shield-Crete™ not require acid etching while most other epoxies do?\nShield-Crete™ Garage Floor Coating is an industrial strength epoxy available to use.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.atlanticcoralenterprise.com/productcart/pc/viewPrd.asp?idproduct=7346&idcategory=", "date": "2019-02-24T00:38:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249569386.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190224003630-20190224025630-00474.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9012664556503296, "token_count": 148, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__159841289", "lang": "en", "text": "30\" x 60\" Wholesale fiber reactive Print Beach Towels printed with brightly colored seashells including conch shells, triton trumpet shells, sand dollars, starfish and other colorful shells on beach sand. This colorful seashells print beach towel has brightly colored shells and starfish on beach sand and is perfect for beach shops and souvenir and gift shops. Fiber reactive dyes form permanent covalent bonds with the cellulose fiber in cotton. This enables the towels to stay bright for years. Fiber reactive dyes are permanent dyes. Unlike inks, they do not rest on the fabric or coat the fabric; they chemically unite with the molecules that make up the fabric. They become part of the fabric. .", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.expert-cable.ru/export/power-cables-for-rated-voltage-of-0-66-1-and-3-kv", "date": "2019-02-18T03:48:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484648.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218033722-20190218055722-00129.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7573866844177246, "token_count": 411, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__11499166", "lang": "en", "text": "ВВГ, ВВГ-П, ВВГнг (А), ВВГ-Пнг(А), ВВГЭ, ВВГЭнг(А), shielded\nConductor: single core «sc» or multicore «mc», or sectoral mould with conductive copper conductor cross-sections from 1.5 mm² to 1000, class 1 or 2 according to GOST 22483-77.\nInsulation: (without index) made from PVC-compound, , index ng(A) made from PVC-compound low fire danger. Insulated conductors are color-coded: neutral conductor (N) – blue color, earth conductor (РN) – yellow-green color, please order in advance another color.\nShield: made from copper wire or copper tapes for ВВГЭ, ВВГЭнг(А)\nInner filling and over sheath: without index made from PVC-compound, index ng(A) made from PVC-compound low fire danger Natural coloring with black over sheath , please order in advance another color\nRated voltage, number and conductor cross-sectional area:\n|Mark||Number of conductor||Rated voltage, kV|\n|conductor cross-sectional area, mm²|\n|1||1,5 — 50||1,5-1000||10-1000|\n|2 — 5||1,5–240|\nCables are intended for power transmission and distribution on a rated voltage of 0.66; 1 and 3 kV rated frequency 50 Hz for stationary cable lines power equipment.\nThe cables meet the requirements of GOST 31996-2012 «Power cables with plastic insulation for rated voltages of 0,66; 1 and 3 kV».", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.mediander.com/connects/5668/calcium/", "date": "2018-01-16T13:20:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886436.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180116125134-20180116145134-00550.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9540249109268188, "token_count": 408, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__222702907", "lang": "en", "text": "Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. An alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive pale yellow metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium.\nThe name derives from Latin calx \"lime\", which was obtained from heating limestone. Its compounds were known to the ancients, though their chemistry was unknown until the seventeenth century. It was isolated by Humphry Davy in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide, who named the element. While the pure metal does not have many applications due to its high reactivity, it is often used as an alloying component in small quantities in steelmaking, and calcium–lead alloys are sometimes used in automotive batteries. Calcium compounds on the other hand are very widely used in many industries: for example, they are used in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, in cement, in the manufacture of soaps, and as electrical insulators.\nCalcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body and the most abundant metal. Calcium ions play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell as electrolytes. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor. Calcium ions outside cells are also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation....LESS", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://qualityedm.com/quality-edm-resources-01.html", "date": "2023-12-07T01:23:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100626.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206230347-20231207020347-00319.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9271427989006042, "token_count": 1154, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__8753376", "lang": "en", "text": "Wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a process of metal machining in which a tool discharges thousands of sparks to a metal workpiece. A non-conventional process, though hardly a new one, wire EDM works on parts resistant to conventional machining processes, but only if these parts are electrically conductive; usually, they are non-ferrous, and include steel, titanium, superalloys, brass, and many other metals. Instead of cutting the material, EDM melts or vaporizes it, producing comparatively small chips and providing a very accurate cut line. Industry-wide acceptance has led to a wide variety of EDM applications, as it is highly versatile, can cut hard metals, and utilizes a relatively compact amount of workspace.\nThere are two main types of EDM: conventional, or sinker, and wire, or wire cut. Conventional EDM, as described above, uses a tool to disperse the electric current. This tool, the cathode, runs along the metal piece, the anode, and the electrical current reacts to melt or vaporize the metal. As a result of the dielectric fluid, usually a hydrocarbon oil into which both the cathode and the workpiece are immersed, the minute chips produced by the process wash away from the piece. Wire cut EDM (or WCEDM) discharges the electrified current by means of a taut thin wire, which acts as the cathode and is guided alongside the desired cutting path, or kerf. The dielectric fluid in this case—usually deionized water—is flushed through the cut as it proceeds, again serving to carry off particles and control the sparks. The thin wire allows precision cuts, with narrow kerfs (~0.015 in. routinely, with finer kerfs available) and tolerances of +/- 0.0001 in. possible. This heightened precision allows for complex, three-dimensional cuts, and produces highly accurate punches, dies, and stripper plates.\nWire cut EDM equipment is run by computer numerically controlled (CNC) instruments, which can control the wire on a three-dimensional axis to provide greater flexibility. Simple cuts are done by varying the x-y coordinates of the cutter with more complex cuts achieved by adding axes of motion to the wire guides. Both four- and five-axis wire EDM machines and services are available. Whereas conventional EDM cannot always produce tight corners or very intricate patterns, wire EDM’s increased precision allows for intricate patterns and cuts. Additionally, wire EDM is able to cut metals as thin as 0.004 in. and thicker materials upwards of 16 in. routinely, with thicker sections possible. At a certain material thinness, wire EDM will simply cause the metal to evaporate, thereby eliminating potential debris. The wire of a WCEDM unit emits sparks on all sides, which means the cut must be thicker than the wire itself. In other words, because the wire is surrounded by a ring of current, the smallest and most precise cutting path possible is the added diameter of the ring and wire; technicians easily account for this added dimension. Manufacturers continue to produce thinner and thinner wire to allow for smaller kerfs and even finer precision.\nBecause of its versatility, manufacturers use EDM wire cutting machine operation for an extensive range of applications. Because the process can cut very small pieces, it is often an ideal choice for the production of small, highly detailed items that would normally be too delicate for other machining options. Additionally, the process is cost-effective for low quantity projects and can prove to be beneficial in prototype manufacturing, even if the actual project is carried out by different means.\nIt is important to remember that the wire in the process is constantly moving, and not to be reused. As a result, the copper, brass, or other metallic wire can be miles long, adding cost to the process. And, while the process uses no force and thus does not cause burrs and can be used on delicate items, the possibility of thermal stress is certainly present.\nMost machining operations using wire EDM begin with a rough pass with a fairly fast feed rate and high dielectric flow. Successive skim passes take smaller cuts with a reduced dielectric flow to bring finished surfaces into tolerance. The reduced dielectric flow avoids distorting the wire during these skim passes.\nCuts that do not begin along an edge of a part (such as holes) require predrilling to allow the wire to thread through. Many wire EDM machines are fitted with small hole drilling electrodes for this purpose, permitting starting holes to be made in hardened steels without the use of conventional drills. Small hole drills usually employ an EDM electrode mounted in a spinning mandrel with dielectric pumped through the electrode to flush the hole. The process of making small holes in hardened material using standalone EDM drills is sometimes referred to as hole popping.\nA major advantage of wire EDM over conventional EDM is that the continuous supply of wire minimizes the wear that occurs with a fixed electrode. A wire EDM machine can consume a lot of wire, however, adding expense. Many wire EDM machines are self-threading so that if a wire breaks the process can be continued almost without interruption.\nAnother major advantage is that parts may be cut after heat treatment which eliminates the possibility of distortion arising from post-machining treatments. Also, because the wire EDM method exerts no tooling pressure upon the workpiece, small, delicate parts are easily machined. Fixturing requirements are minimal compared to conventional machining methods. Very fine surfaces are possible.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://pitbullpumps.com/applications/metal-finishing-plating/", "date": "2018-05-24T08:01:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866107.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524073324-20180524093324-00478.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8583150506019592, "token_count": 281, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__67684803", "lang": "en", "text": "Metal finishing and plating processes use significant amounts of water for cleaning, rinsing, and plating steps that must be collected and often dewatered for disposal by industrial submersible pumps. Industrial pumps used in metal finishing plants must be able to handle strong acids, heavy metal or oil-containing waste. Pitbull Pumps are ideal for these applications since their simple design foregoes seals, motors and diaphragms that often fail from exposure to caustic liquids.\nWhat Metal Finishing & Plating Applications Can Pitbull Pumps Handle?\n- Grit chambers\n- Sludge transfer\n- Sewage lift\n- Hot condensate\n- Dirt/debris/oil/grease waste water\n- Oil Water Separators\n- Non-emulsifying water and hydrocarbon pumping\n- Metals recovery\n- Sludge dewatering\n- Disc grinding slurry\n- Neutralizing sumps\n- Grit sumps\n- Acid neutralizing tanks and sumps\n- Sludge dewatering/filter-press feed\n- Slurry transfer\nContact us for more information about these metal finishing and plating applications. Want to get down to brass tacks now? Submit an application data sheet for the type of pump you need, and we’ll get back in touch soon with information on the right pump for your situation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.chemicalassociates.com/", "date": "2013-12-09T00:23:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163837349/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133037-00017-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9322396516799927, "token_count": 148, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__89335308", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemical Associates is a marketer, manufacturer and supplier of chemical products based on renewable and sustainable resources. We specialize in oleochemicals including fatty acids, fatty alcohols, glycerine and their derivatives.\nWe monitor international trends in the renewable resources markets to ensure a sustainable and consistent supply of products meeting the needs of our business partners.\nOur market and technical specialists utilize their collective knowledge to tailor products and services for numerous market areas including asphalt, candles, flavors, industrial lubricants, industrial cleaners, plastics, paints, paper, and rubber.\nWe are known in the marketplace as a highly capable, competent and dependable supplier of consistent quality products. We are your prime access to worldwide resources.\nWelcome to Chemical Associates", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.tenavgroup.com/blog/led-chnid-gob-glue-on-board.html", "date": "2023-06-07T19:10:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224654012.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607175304-20230607205304-00044.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8831993341445923, "token_count": 265, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__41022453", "lang": "en", "text": "It is a kind of packaging technology. It is a technology tosolve the problem of LED lamp protection. It uses an advanced new transparent material to package thesubstrate and its LED package unit to form effective protection.\nThis material not only has ultra-high transparency but alsohas superior thermal conductivity.\nThe GOB can be adapted to any harsh environment with a smallgap to achieve true moisture, water, dust, impact and UV resistance.\nCompared with the traditional SMD, it is characterized byhigh protection, moisture-proof, waterproof, anti-collision, and anti-UV. Itcan be applied to more harsh environments and avoid large-scale deadlights andlights.\nCompared with COB, it is characterized by simplermaintenance, lower maintenance cost, larger viewing angle, and 180-degreehorizontal viewing angle and vertical viewing angle.\nThe production steps of the GOB series new products areroughly divided into 3 steps:\n1. Choose the best quality materials, lamp beads, industryultra-high brush IC solutions, high quality LED chips 2. After the product is assembled, aging for 72 hours beforeGOB filling, the lamp is tested 3. After the GOB is filled, it will be aged for another 24hours to confirm the product quality again.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.seffafbulten.com/en/sections/reference/sisecam-flat-glass-showroom-41", "date": "2021-04-19T03:22:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038863420.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419015157-20210419045157-00491.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9172027111053467, "token_count": 452, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__110637808", "lang": "en", "text": "ŞİŞECAM FLAT GLASS SHOWROOM\nŞişecam Flat Glass Showroom project, designed and executed by Demirden Design, invites the visitors into an exploration into the nature of glass.\nThe showroom, located inside the Şişecam Headquarters in Tuzla, Istanbul is surrounded by an innovative outer shell proposing a new façade system for contemporary architecture. This structure serves as a transparent screen that represents creative applications of Şişecam Flat Glass’s architectural glass products.\nThe showroom, in which the products are explored through experiences, evokes a deep sincere feeling with the use of raw materials. The illuminated wall creates the illusion of hundreds of glass samples flying in the air. It forms a large picture that lets the visitors experience the transparencies of various glass types under different light conditions.\nThe Safety and Security Glass cabin showcases the impact-resistant glass types developed by Şişecam. The visitors can take part in a test, measuring the resistance of laminated glass. Right next to it, the Noise Control Glass cabin creates an entertaining experience.\nSolar Control Low-E Glass test tunnel aims to show the effects of heat and solar control on different types of glasses. One can go through the high temperature tunnel surrounded by infrared lighting and experience the difference between heat and solar control glass and standard glass in person.\nThe unit that exhibits 130 different glass types of various characteristics and compositions lets the brand present its wide product range altogether. The functional design with the sliding system makes it easy to examine each product separately. Each product’s technical specifications can be seen on the handles within a specifically developed coding system. This system allows visitors to obtain detailed information about each glass combination.\nThe unit carrying the heat control glass is designed to let the visitors feel the strength of isolation through tactile senses. It carries four different types of glass that the visitors can touch and measure the difference in heat isolation.\nŞişecam Flat Glass Showroom lets the visitors experience the brand’s leadership in the world of glass via its wide range of product families.\nPhotography: © İbrahim Özbunar", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ofd.artvin.edu.tr/en/pub/@husnugerengi", "date": "2021-11-30T08:30:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358966.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130080511-20211130110511-00367.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9125381112098694, "token_count": 335, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__186303093", "lang": "en", "text": "Materials Science and Technologies\nDr. Hüsnü Gerengi is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Duzce University in Turkey. He is the representative member of his country in the International corrosion council (ICC) since 2015 http://icc-net.org/team_member/turkey/. His subject expertise and focus is on corrosion and corrosion control, corrosion-resistant materials, corrosion inhibitors – principles and mechanisms.\nHe is the first researcher who used Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) method in corrosion inhibitor studies. He investigates the long term evolution of impedance in a corrosion cell on adding an inhibitor. Through this technique, he can quantify and qualify the effectiveness of inhibitors and coatings. Besides corrosion, he has research interests in plastic material technology, rubber material technology and plastic & rubber additives. His dynamic and well-equipped laboratory has currently become a knowledge and research centre for many postdoctoral researchers, doctoral students, masters and bachelors degree students. Corrosion-resistant steel, Al, Cu and brass alloys, Mg-based bioresorbable medical implants and corrosion resistant construction materials are some of the ongoing topics for research in his laboratory.\nHe has given numerous invited lectures at many national and international conferences and has authored more than 40 SCI scientific papers in high impact journals. He has seven ongoing patents to his credit based on boron-doped corrosion inhibitors.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bmcstructbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6807-11-39/figures/5", "date": "2021-03-02T15:05:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178364008.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302125936-20210302155936-00584.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8921316266059875, "token_count": 124, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__136890660", "lang": "en", "text": "1.7 Å resolution crystal structure of C. immitis RpiB bound to malonic acid. The coloring is the same as used in earlier figures with one protomer in gray and the other in green. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. A The |Fo|-|Fc| map calculated with model phases lacking the malonic acid residue is shown in green mesh contoured at 3.0 σ. B The 2|Fo|-|Fc| map calculated with model phases containing the malonic acid residue is shown in blue mesh contoured at 1.0 σ.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bentonbigrigtires.com/product-category/sailun-sdl70-eft-closed-shoulder-drive/", "date": "2023-12-03T08:29:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100489.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203062445-20231203092445-00401.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9118965864181519, "token_count": 120, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__168478853", "lang": "en", "text": "Sailun SDL70 EFT Closed Shoulder Drive is a premium closed shoulder drive tire designed with a 240 mm wide footprint and 30/32″ tread depth to deliver maximum mileage, stabilty and ride comfort. The SDL70 EFT has “slim bead” technology incorporated to reduce rolling resistance and improve fuel economy. The SDL70 EFT utilizes new Advanced Compound Technology tread compound. Advanced Compound Technology is produced by mixing in a fluid state for the best compound dispersion. The benefit of Advanced Compound Technology is maximized mileage, wet traction and rolling resistance without compromise.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.lakelandoffice.com/product-catalog/autoseal%C2%AE-fd-2096", "date": "2024-04-17T14:50:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817158.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417142102-20240417172102-00341.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8702170848846436, "token_count": 280, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__23316252", "lang": "en", "text": "Autoseal Pressure Sealers\nThe AutoSeal® FD 2096 uses patented pressure seal technology to efficiently process cut-sheet pressure seal forms in a mid-volume production environment, at speeds of up to 30,000 forms per hour.\n- Bottom-suction air-feed\n- Rugged fold plates\n- Sound-dampening covers\n- 24\" output conveyor\nIts bottom-suction air-feed system provides accurate feeding and allows for continual loading of forms, dramatically reducing down time.\nSet-up is quick and easy with rugged metal fold pates, clearly marked with both standard and metric markings, and fold rollers made of heavy-duty polyurethane foam, which eliminates the need for gap adjustments. The sealing unit utilizes a 17” ball transport deck for a smooth, reliable transition from the fold rollers into the sealer, and requires no adjustments.\nUser-friendly features include sound-dampening fold plate covers for quieter operation, a 6-digit resettable LED counter, rugged locking casters, and a high-capacity 24” output conveyor which is collapsible for convenient storage when not in use.\nHeavy duty construction combines with quick set-up and operation to make the FD 2096 a powerful solution for processing mid-volume pressure-seal mailings.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.undergraduatelibrary.org/2016/engineering-built-environment/development-shape-memory-zirconia-particles-and-powder-compacts", "date": "2018-11-19T11:49:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039745761.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20181119105556-20181119131556-00526.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9280117154121399, "token_count": 452, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__183491776", "lang": "en", "text": "DEVELOPMENT OF SHAPE MEMORY ZIRCONIA PARTICLES AND POWDER COMPACTS\nShape memory Zirconia ceramics (SMCs) has many potential applications in energy storage and energy damping because of its unique shape memory and superelasticity properties - i.e. the ability to change its shape upon loading and fully recover after unloading or heating. In this work, the monodisperse Zirconia ceramic particles with excellent shape memory and superelastic properties have been synthesized by a sol-gel processing method and assembled into a 3D architecture. Iterative processing of the SMC particles and 3D SMC architectures were successfully completed by fine tuning the sol-gel processing conditions and assembly conditions respectively. The obtained sol-gel derived SMC particles were extensively characterized by XRD, FESEM and in-situ micro-compression. Our results show that the monodisperse particles with average diameters of 3 µm can be synthesized by having optimized parameter conditions where acid concentration was 0.075 M and water concentration is 0.6 M, inclusive of a 18 mol%-20 mol% Ceria (Cerium IV Oxide). Apart from having large particles, the monodispersity in the size distribution of the particles was significantly dependent on acid and water concentrations. Tetragonal phase can be stabilized at room temperatures in these micro-scale Zirconia single particles which was essential for stress-induced martensitic transformation upon applied loadings. The single particles exhibit excellent shape memory properties (Shape Memory Effect, SME) with up to 80% recoverable shear strains.\n3D SMC architectures have been assembled by utilizing the optimized synthesis parameters producing as-sintered sol-gel powders and also additional spray dried powders which have an average particle size between 5 to 20 µm. Multi-cycle uniaxial compressions of the 3D SMC architectures show that higher porosity (i.e. a less-densely packed powder compact) resulted in higher energy dissipation. Finally, overall optimization of the processing protocols towards the ceramic bodies with enhanced energy damping capacity have been achieved.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://cexams.in/general-knowledge-429/", "date": "2019-06-26T18:55:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000414.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626174622-20190626200622-00182.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9616211652755737, "token_count": 129, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__77153712", "lang": "en", "text": "9. We all know that Tungsten, which has a Melting point of 3422 °C and boiling point of 5555 °C, had been used as filaments in bulbs and Fluorescent lamps since 1906, when the tungsten filament was introduced. the efficiency of the Tungsten filament increased when William D. Coolidge at\n(GE) General Electric produced a ductile form of Tungsten, which was available as powder at that time. Today’s lamps use coiled-coils of the Tungsten filament. Which among the following is the benefit of using the coiled-coils?", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.acia-rci.org/7-types-of-metal-tiles-you-can-use-on-the-roof/", "date": "2021-09-25T22:23:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057775.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925202717-20210925232717-00640.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9511938691139221, "token_count": 1004, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__22141602", "lang": "en", "text": "Most often used as a roofing solution in commercial and industrial projects, metal tiles can also be seen on some residential roofs.\nHowever, because of their characteristics, metal shingles may not be the most suitable solution for those looking for safe, durable and cost-effective residential coverage.\nGet to know the metal roof tile options available on the market and better understand the pros and cons of each one! Contact CCXteriors serving Pocatello, ID to see if metal tiles work for you!\nTypes of Metal Tiles\n- Conventional corrugated\nAvailable in the market with thicknesses ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 mm, conventional corrugated metal tile is most often used in small roofs with smaller spans.\nOccasionally, the material can be used for arched roofs, but in this case, they require special attention to ensure the safety of the work and the durability of the roof.\nOne of the biggest disadvantages of this type of material is related to the lack of acoustic comfort. As smaller spaces generally do not have sound insulation, noise on days of heavy rain or hail can be quite uncomfortable.\nAnother disadvantage of this type of tile is its low durability, as the material is subject to kneading, which can lead to constant maintenance. In addition, the finishes used in the assembly of the metal structure can also rust if not specially treated, which increases the total cost of the project.\n- Conventional trapezoidal\nOne of the most common metal roof tile models, trapezoidal conventional tile is most often used in commercial and industrial buildings, although it can be seen in residential real estate.\nAvailable in the market in a wide range of dimensions and thicknesses, conventional trapezoidal metal tile can also be used for side closures of industrial designs.\nAdditionally, this type of metal tiles can be obtained in factory painted versions, which increases its resistance to both ultraviolet and weathering action, as well as offering better aesthetic performance.\nIn addition, both trapezoidal and corrugated tile can undergo a galvanizing or zinc plating process to protect the material from corrosion.\nOne of the biggest disadvantages of this type of tile is that, because it is heavier, it requires a more robust structure to support its weight, which increases construction costs.\n- Trapezoidal self-supporting\nThis tile model is most commonly used in large-span constructions, as it does not require a metal frame along these spaces.\nDue to these characteristics, trapezoidal self-supporting metal tiles are most commonly used in large buildings such as industries, warehouses, and distribution centers.\nAlthough it is easy to install, the thin thickness of this type of metal tile makes the material more subject to the instability of various natures, which reduces the safety of the project and can increase the maintenance costs of the roof.\nThe lining metal tile is so named because it is made up of three layers – one of trapezoidal metal tiles, one of polyurethane foam injections and a third of PVC coating – which makes it look similar to that of a lining.\nThis is also the reason why this type of material offers good thermal and acoustic comfort but has less resistance than other tile models, which increases the chances of deformation and, consequently, leakage and infiltration.\n- Thermoacoustic Tile or sandwich\nQuite similar to the ceiling tile, as it also has three layers, the thermoacoustic tile, also called sandwich tile, has an expanded polystyrene (EPS) layer that is pressed between two other layers of metallic trapezoidal tile.\nWhile offering good thermal and acoustic comfort, sandwich tile requires a high investment compared to other roof covering solutions.\n- Zipped Metal Tiles\nZippered metal tiles have as their main feature the large dimensions – it is possible to find, for example, single pieces of 60 or up to 120 m in length – with a mechanical seam between the profiles, which allows the continuous installation without the use of fasteners, such as screws and connecting tapes.\nFor this reason, they are most often used in large roofs with low inclination. However, due to their dimensions, they require considerable space on the site to be profiled. In addition, they increase labor costs, as the handling and installation of parts of this size require a larger staff.\n- Roll-on Metallic Tiles\nIn this type of roofing, coils of metal shingles are used. Along with that, zincalume, galvanized or pre-painted are unrolled over a set of trusses. This roofing solution reduces the chances of leaks and leaks, as the tiles have the full length of the design and do not need seams, holes, and overlaps.\nDue to its specific characteristics and the high cost of the material, this option is not usually used in large buildings such as shopping malls, industries, and distribution warehouses.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://devonshiredentalcare.co.uk/cosmetic-dentistry/composite-bonding/", "date": "2023-11-29T03:14:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100047.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129010302-20231129040302-00682.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9183371067047119, "token_count": 1062, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__87090452", "lang": "en", "text": "Same-day smile transformations\nMinor imperfections can damage your confidence. Chips, cracks, discolouration, thinning enamel, gaps and crooked teeth can make it difficult for you to smile with confidence.\nComposite bonding is a revolutionary new treatment that can fix minor imperfections in just one visit. Instead of creating a porcelain crown or veneer, the material is applied directly to the teeth and shaped. This also means minimal preparation of the underlying tooth structure.\nWhat is composite bonding?\nComposite Bonding is when a white filling material is bonded to the enamel of your tooth to repair chips or to improve the shade and shape or even to close small spaces between teeth. Unlike porcelain veneers, which are manufactured in a laboratory and require your dentist to drill away some healthy tooth structure, composites can be applied in one visit with no tooth removal.\nwhat are the main benefits of composite?\n- Composite bonding is minimally invasive (minimal amount of healthy tooth reduction is required)\n- Immediate results – Composite bonding can often be accomplished in one visit.\n- Easily repairable and usually reversible.\n- Beautiful tooth like appearance\n- Often does not even require an injection.\nAm I a candidate for composite bonding?\nMost people are candidates for this procedure. One of the main stumbling blocks however is the bite. If there is a heavy biting contact on a tooth that has had composite bonding, it may fracture off.\nIs composite bonding painful?\nNot at all. Bonding is painless and often performed without the use of an anaesthetic since very little tooth removal is necessary.\nAre composites natural looking?\nYes. Composite bonding is one of the most natural-looking cosmetic dental restorations if done properly. However, porcelain can sometimes be slightly better.\nDoes composite stain or discolor?\nIn time composites can stain. At Devonshire Dental Care we use Venus Pearl which is a very stain resistant composite if polished correctly. Even so you may require the composite to be buffed every few years or a new layer of composite added to replenish its gloss finish.\nDoes a bonded tooth require extra care?\nYes. In order to prevent fracture, it is advisable to avoid biting into hard objects such as ice cubes and hard sweets. Fingernail biting should also be avoided.\nhow long does composite last?\nGood oral hygiene can improve the lifespan of your composite bonding. If you have good oral hygiene you may expect more than 2 years from a composite before it needs to be replenished.\nIs composite bonding expensive?\nComposite bonding is generally the least expensive of all cosmetic dental procedures. At Devonshire Dental Care our composites bonding options start at £210 per tooth.\nHow much time does composite bonding require?\nMost bonding procedures can be completed in one visit resulting instantly in a beautiful smile. The length of the visit varies according to the procedure.\nWho should consider composite bonding?\nPeople of all ages can benefit by the cosmetic technique of bonding. Children, adolescents and adults can improve their smiles and appearance with composite bonding. Be sure to ask your dentist about how composite can benefit your smile.\nHow does composite bonding work?\nComposite bonding uses a resin material, similar to that used in white fillings. Your teeth are prepared to allow the composite material to bond to your teeth. The composite resin is then carefully colour matched to the surrounding teeth.\nThe material is applied directly to the tooth, shaped and then hardened with a UV light. You can leave the practice with a dramatically different smile the same day, with no need to wait for crowns or veneers. You can have composite bonding applied to a single tooth or multiple teeth to create subtle but impactful changes to your smile.\nWhat can composite bonding fix?\nComposite bonding is ideally used for minor imperfections. This can include chips, cracks and uneven edges. It can also change the shape of a tooth, making it appear straighter, which can be a great alternative to veneers. Composite bonding can close gaps in your smile, which makes it an excellent alternative to braces.\nIn cases of thinning enamel, the ends of your teeth might appear darker and have jagged edges. Composite bonding will not only help to improve the appearance of thinning enamel, but it will also help to protect the underlying structure. And finally, composite bonding can also make your teeth appear whiter. This is ideal if you are unable to whiten your teeth with traditional teeth whitening.\nDo you offer composite veneers?\nBy applying composite bonding to multiple teeth, it’s possible to create the illusion of a veneer, without the need to prepare the underlying tooth structure. If you are on a budget, this type of treatment can be a welcome alternative to porcelain veneers.\nThe benefit of a composite veneer is that it isn’t permanent. The composite material will wear down over time, which will give you the opportunity to decide if you would like to invest in veneers or reapply the composite bonding treatment.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bazarmassimo.com/prodotto/bambex-bowl-set/", "date": "2022-09-29T20:24:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335365.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220929194230-20220929224230-00329.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8630316257476807, "token_count": 135, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__146330213", "lang": "en", "text": "The bowl set Bambex consists of 4 bowls in 4 different colours (red, black, white and green). Each bowl comes with a lid and anti-slip bottom. The bowls are made from a durable, non-toxic and dishwasher safe material with the same optics and characteristics like melamine. A mixture of bamboo and melamine resin serves as a binding agent (< 1mg/kg).\nSet: 4 pieces\nContent/Capacity: 0.5 l\nPack Size: 13.5 × 13.5 × 16.5 cm\nWeight: 660 g", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.wyndhamresources.co.uk/plastic-infrastructure-capacity-must-double-to-meet-plastic-tax-demands-recoup/", "date": "2022-05-20T20:30:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662534669.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220520191810-20220520221810-00010.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9364853501319885, "token_count": 657, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__88480569", "lang": "en", "text": "The UK could be set to face “significant challenges” in its ability to recycle household plastic packaging, with reprocessing infrastructure potentially needing to double, according to new research by RECOUP.\nRECOUP has released an update of its Household Plastic Packaging Sorting and Infrastructure Report, which aims to inform and provide context around the design of a new tax on the production and import of all plastic packaging that doesn’t include at least 30% recycled content.\nThe report highlights how the UK’s infrastructure to sort plastic packaging to the required quality and reprocess this material needs to increase in order to handle the additional demands created by both the recycled content target and also to service ambitious commitments by brand leaders to increase circular and environmentally sustainable manufacturing.\nReforming and delivering a well-designed Packaging Producer Responsibility System in the UK is essential to deliver the infrastructure to meet a recycled content target\nWith the Treasury set to implement the Plastic Packaging Tax, which is currently in its second round of consultations, in April 2022, there is a level of urgency to understand the impact of this and how this recycled content target can be achieved.\nCurrently, RECOUP report that sorting capacities at Material Recycling Facilities (MRFs) and Plastic Recovery Facilities (PRFs), by volume at least, is not a barrier to meeting a 30% recycled content target.\nThe UK has an estimated annual permitted MRF capacity of between 1.6 and 1.9 million tonnes for sorting plastic packaging, and an estimated actual throughput of up to 1,000,000 tonnes.\nHowever, research found there are significant shortfalls in reprocessing capacity, with an estimated current operational output of 230,000 tonnes. There are also particularly challenging commercial conditions and fine profit margins in this sector, with very specific operational and technical challenges around reprocessing plastic film, non-bottle PET and food grade packaging.\nScenarios detailed in the report show the extent of which capacities may be unable to cope with specific changes and requirements. When comparing the reprocessing capacity against 30% recycled content from plastic packaging types placed on the market, there are significant shortfalls.\nThe research conducted by RECOUP in producing the Infrastructure Report highlights the need for the UK to shift towards more domestic recycling in the UK…\nThese scenarios suggest that the UK’s reprocessing capacity may need to increase by 100% to meet 30% recycled content in all household plastic packaging placed on the market, and by over 200% to meet that target for food grade rigid household plastic packaging.\nSteve Morgan, Policy & Infrastructure Manager at RECOUP, said: “The research conducted by RECOUP in producing the Infrastructure Report highlights the need for the UK to shift towards more domestic recycling in the UK, in order for the industry to be able to cope with the increasing demands for high-quality recycled plastic.\n“Reforming and delivering a well-designed Packaging Producer Responsibility System in the UK is essential to deliver the infrastructure to meet a recycled content target.\n“This would provide the underpinning foundations to ensure the necessary investment and confidence are in place for a sustainable business model to build and maintain the required recycling infrastructure for plastic packaging.”", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://madison-niche-marketing.com/sl-1111953/quick-parts-metal-fabricators-and-3d-printing-services", "date": "2024-04-21T08:52:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421071342-20240421101342-00698.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8954241275787354, "token_count": 926, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__113476936", "lang": "en", "text": "Welcome to Quick Parts, the leading provider of high-quality metal fabrication and 3D printing solutions. With our expertise in both fields, we offer comprehensive services to meet all your manufacturing needs. Whether you are in search of skilled Metal Fabricators or advanced 3D Printing technologies, Quick Parts has got you covered.\nAt Quick Parts, we take immense pride in our proficient team of Metal Fabricators. Our skilled professionals are equipped with state-of-the-art tools and technology to deliver top-notch fabrication services. From custom metal parts to intricate designs, we have the expertise to handle diverse projects of any scale.\nWhen it comes to metal fabrication, precision is crucial. Quick Parts ensures that every project is executed with utmost accuracy and attention to detail. Our knowledgeable fabricators combine their industry experience with advanced tools to produce components that meet the most stringent quality standards.\nWide Range of Materials\nQuick Parts offers a wide range of materials for metal fabrication, including steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and more. Whatever your project demands, our team will guide you in selecting the most suitable material that meets your specifications. We prioritize durability, functionality, and aesthetics in every fabrication project we undertake.\nCustomization at Its Best\nQuality is our hallmark, and customization is our strength. Quick Parts understands that each project has unique requirements. Our Metal Fabricators work closely with clients to comprehend their needs and deliver tailor-made solutions. Whether it's a prototype or a large-scale production, we excel at turning your ideas into reality.\nIn addition to our Metal Fabrication services, Quick Parts specializes in cutting-edge 3D Printing technologies. We leverage the power of additive manufacturing to bring your designs to life with unparalleled precision and speed.\nQuick Parts harnesses the latest advancements in 3D Printing technology to deliver exceptional results. Our team stays up-to-date with the latest trends and techniques to ensure we are at the forefront of the industry. From selective laser sintering (SLS) to fused deposition modeling (FDM), we have the expertise to handle various methods and materials.\nPrototyping and Rapid Production\nWith 3D Printing, Quick Parts offers rapid prototyping and cost-effective production options. We understand the importance of quick turnaround times in today's competitive market. Our efficient 3D Printing process allows us to create high-quality prototypes and functional parts swiftly, enabling you to iterate and validate your designs efficiently.\nComplex Geometries Made Simple\nThe beauty of 3D Printing lies in its ability to manufacture intricate and complex geometries that traditional methods struggle with. Quick Parts embraces this advantage, empowering businesses to bring their most complex ideas to life. From complex internal structures to intricate organic shapes, our 3D Printing capabilities unlock endless possibilities.\nQuick Parts stands out among cast urethane companies due to our commitment to excellence and seamless integration of Metal Fabrication and 3D Printing technologies. We offer cast urethane services that meet the highest industry standards, providing you with parts that are durable, functional, and visually appealing.\nQuality Urethane Materials\nWhen it comes to cast urethane, material selection plays a vital role. Quick Parts offers a wide range of urethane materials with varying properties to suit your specific application needs. Whether you require flexibility, hardness, or resistance to chemicals, our team will help you select the most suitable material for your project.\nPrecision Molds and Tooling\nQuick Parts excels at precision mold making and tooling for cast urethane manufacturing. Our skilled technicians utilize advanced CAD/CAM software and CNC machining to create molds that ensure accurate and repeatable results. With our expertise, we can achieve complex shapes, fine details, and tight tolerances to meet your project requirements.\nPrototyping to Production\nQuick Parts offers seamless transitions from prototyping to production for cast urethane components. Our experienced team works closely with you throughout the process, providing insights and guidance to optimize your designs and manufacturing strategies. We are committed to delivering the highest quality cast urethane parts, ensuring your project's success.\nQuick Parts is your trusted partner for all things related to Metal Fabrication, 3D Printing, and cast urethane manufacturing. With our skilled Metal Fabricators, advanced 3D Printing technologies, and expertise in cast urethane, we provide comprehensive services to bring your ideas to life. Contact Quick Parts today to discuss your project requirements and experience unmatched quality and customer satisfaction.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mojave-made.com/products/size-6-rosarita-stone-and-sterling-silver-ring", "date": "2024-02-25T14:23:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474617.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240225135334-20240225165334-00541.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9076718688011169, "token_count": 102, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__56379040", "lang": "en", "text": "This comfortable ring features a red, teardrop shaped Rosarita stone set atop a thin sterling silver band.\n- Size: 6\n- Setting: 15 x 8 mm\nRosarita is not a true stone, but rather the by-product of the gold smelting process from the 1940s to the 1970s. Since the 1970s the gold smelting process has been refined and Rosarita is no longer produced--making this a rare stone and a small piece of history!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.metalsandcatalysts.co.uk/ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metals/", "date": "2020-08-09T10:42:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738552.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809102845-20200809132845-00257.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9281283020973206, "token_count": 441, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__9330076", "lang": "en", "text": "Light iron, shearing, brake discs, 12c, steel cuttings\nAll grades of:\n- Electric Motors\n- Stainless steel\n- Nickel-based Alloys\n- Brass/Copper Radiators\nWhat’s involved in metal recycling?\nMetal recycling has a long history. As early as WWII there were efforts to collectively save and reprocess metals to aid the war effort. Part of the reason for this interest is the ease of magnetically sorting steel and iron (ferrous metals). Modern recycling equipment can identify many kinds of metals, although more complex technology is required to separate non-ferrous metals.\nBasic metal sorting involves separating ferrous from non-ferrous metals. Ferrous metals contain iron, and are attracted by magnets. This allows iron and steel to be pulled from a waste stream easily. Large pieces of scrap can be moved by cranes fitted with an electromagnet. This type of machinery is most often seen at automotive salvage yards.\nMixed or partially sorted waste streams contain easily identified fractions of ferrous metals and aluminum. When an electric current is induced across the materials, metals are affected, and any non-metal contaminants are not. This is known as eddy current separation. Most materials recovery facilities now use this type of metal recycling equipment. Even though aluminum is not magnetic, eddy currents can levitate it, allowing plastics to drop out of the process, and the aluminum to be removed.\nBecause of the value of copper, lead, gold, silver, platinum and palladium, if enough scrap can be collected, it becomes economically viable to recover precious metals from electronic waste. This process requires more technologically advanced metal recycling equipment. The use of sensors to identify metals through x-ray and infra-red scanning is becoming more common in large facilities.\nLarge-scale metal recycling of mixed materials is accomplished best by pre-shredding the items to reduce the size of the pieces. This increases surface area, and helps isolate smaller fractions.\nIf you are interested in buying or selling something which isn’t showing on the above list, Please call us and we will be happy to speak with you.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://soiedelune.com/fabrics/by-color/luang/luang-toasted-coconut", "date": "2022-10-02T13:09:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337322.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002115028-20221002145028-00038.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.898409366607666, "token_count": 286, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__130607690", "lang": "en", "text": "Luang is a textured design using a wool yarn spun in Italy and woven on a silk warp. The yarns are softened before hand dyeing enabling the fabric to hang well when made into curtains. The mixed composition yarn takes the dye in different ways giving the fabric a slight ombré feel. The fabric can be color matched to a suitable color of your choice.\nWoven width: 47\" / 120cm.\nYarn content: 52% Wool, 23% Viscose, 22% Silk, 3% Nylon.\nPrice: Please download catalog for pricing.\nCare: Professional dry cleaning.\nCountry of origin: Woven in Laos.\nMinimum purchase: 3y / 3m - Lead time: Some stock otherwise 4 weeks.\nSpecial instructions: Must be lined before sewing for soft furnishings.\nTreatments: In order to conform to CONTRACT grade, you may have the fabrics FR treated and Stain treated after weaving.\nWhat makes this fabric special: Hand-woven fabric is the ultimate in sustainability. Luang is named after a Buddhist temple in the south of Laos on the Thai border. The yarn used for this fabric is a mix of Italian wool and silk, specially spun for Soie de Lune in the north of Italy in a slubby form. It gives a beautiful ombré effect and works well as curtains.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://chicagology.com/sears/homanave32/", "date": "2023-09-26T16:14:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510214.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926143354-20230926173354-00403.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9546722173690796, "token_count": 289, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__106120353", "lang": "en", "text": "32 The Electrotype Foundry\nNone of our catalogues, the big general book nor any of the specials are printed direct from the type; all are printed from electro plates, and this is the manufacturing department which produces them. After the type has been set and the managers have read the text carefully and approved it, the page of type an,d illustrations is sent to this department where it is molded in wax. This wax mold is hung in a bath of chemicals charged with a current of electricity and a very thin film of copper is deposited over the face of the mold. This film of copper is then placed in a casting box where molten metal is poured over it and then trimmed. and planed just type high, completing the electrotyping operation. The hard copper face of the electrotype plate gives it great wear resisting properties and it is in this particular that it is more desirable for printing purposes than type itself. No rotary printing press such as we use will print from type, so that electrotypes are necessary. After the electrotype has been finished in the manner outlined above, it is run through a bending machine which gives it a semi-circular form. and the electrotype so bent is then fastened to the revolving cylinder of the rotary press. This process has made possible the wonderful advancement in the printing art and the production of the highest class magazines at a mere fraction of their cost twenty-five years ago.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://digital-desert.com/blog/?cat=174", "date": "2023-12-02T08:25:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100381.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202073445-20231202103445-00195.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.923252522945404, "token_count": 610, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__48600865", "lang": "en", "text": "Borax, also known as sodium borate or sodium tetraborate, is a versatile compound with various applications across different industries. This overview outlines borax, its chemical composition, properties, and uses in various fields.\nBorax is an inorganic compound comprising sodium, boron, oxygen, and water molecules. Its chemical formula is Na2B4O7·10H2O, indicating that each unit of borax contains two sodium atoms (Na), four boron atoms (B), seven oxygen atoms (O), and ten water molecules (H2O).\nBorax appears as a white, crystalline powder or granules, which are odorless and tasteless. It is soluble in water, and its solubility increases with temperature. Borax has a melting point of approximately 743°C (1369°F) and a boiling point of around 1575°C (2877°F).\n1. Cleaning and Laundry:\nBorax is widely used as a cleaning agent due to its alkaline nature and ability to dissolve grease and dirt. It can be found in many household cleaning products, such as laundry detergents, dish soap, and multipurpose cleaners. Additionally, borax is an effective stain remover and can tackle stubborn stains on clothes and carpets.\n2. Pest Control:\nBorax is commonly used as an insecticide and a natural pest control agent. Due to its abrasive properties, it can be used to eliminate pests like ants, cockroaches, and silverfish. By disrupting their exoskeletons, borax causes dehydration and eventually leads to their demise.\n3. Flame Retardant:\nIn the textile industry, borax is used as a flame retardant. It can be added to fabrics and materials to reduce flammability, making them safer in fire accidents. Borax releases water molecules when exposed to high temperatures, slowing flame spread.\nBorax has applications in metallurgy, particularly soldering and welding. It acts as a flux, facilitating the removal of oxide layers from metal surfaces, ensuring better soldering or welding material adhesion. Borax also prevents oxidation during soldering or welding.\n5. Ceramic and Glass Production:\nBorax is an essential ingredient in the production of ceramics and glass. It acts as a flux, reducing the melting point of materials and aiding in the fusion of different components. Borax also improves the durability and strength of ceramics and glass products.\nIn conclusion, borax is a versatile compound with numerous applications in various industries. Its chemical composition, physical properties, and unique characteristics make it a valuable ingredient in cleaning products, pest control, flame retardants, metallurgy, and ceramic and glass production. Understanding the uses and properties of borax can provide insights into its importance and contribute to its effective and safe application in different fields.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ydyb.shop/products/unprecedented-oversized-hoodie", "date": "2023-12-10T17:47:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102612.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210155147-20231210185147-00173.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.868635356426239, "token_count": 137, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__162719697", "lang": "en", "text": "\"UNPRECEDENTED YDYB EST 2018\" on a black hoodie in white or black embroidery with YDYB \"GLOBE\" on lower back.\n85% organic ring-spun combed cotton, 15% recycled polyester hoodie with central pocket and metal aglet finish. Thread made from 100% biodegradable lyocell fibres derived from only sustainable sources, certified with STANDARD 100 by OEKO-TEX® class I, Annex 6.\nOEKO-TEX® certified. Fairwear certified. Global Recycled Standard certified. Vegan certified. Genderless. Made to Order.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.sonneborn.com/products/europe-africa-middle-east/oxidized-petrolatums", "date": "2022-01-25T01:46:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304749.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220125005757-20220125035757-00426.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8552955985069275, "token_count": 185, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__42130097", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemically oxidized petrolatums are mixtures of long-chained, branched and cyclic hydrocarbons and their derivates like organic acids, oxi-acids and esters. The acids present in our oxidized petrolatums can be neutralized with bivalent metal oxides, giving end products a high molecular weight and wax-like nature with excellent water-resistant properties and corrosion protection.\nNeutralization can be achieved with calcium hydroxide or zinc oxide in a white spirit dilution. The white spirit solution of neutralized products gives improved anti-corrosion properties by the addition of a high-molecular petroleum sulfonate. To obtain special characteristics in the end product, it is also possible to add Petrolatum 640/20 or Tech Pet F. The end product may be sprayed or brushed on the metal surface to be protected.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jpgoullet.com/to-make-a-stoneware-pottery-bowl-one-must-start-by-preparing-the-clay-shape-it-into-a-bowl-let-it-dry-fire-it-in-a-kiln-and-glaze-it/", "date": "2023-12-02T21:53:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100452.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202203800-20231202233800-00190.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9482998847961426, "token_count": 629, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__220075099", "lang": "en", "text": "How to Make a Stoneware Pottery Bowl, from Beginning to End\nMaking a stoneware pottery bowl is a fun and rewarding experience. It requires patience, skill, and a bit of creativity. With the right tools and materials, anyone can make a beautiful bowl that will last for years.\nThe first step in making a stoneware pottery bowl is to gather the necessary materials. You will need a pottery wheel, clay, a sponge, a rib, a wire tool, a knife, and a kiln. The clay should be a stoneware clay, which is a type of clay that is fired at a higher temperature than other types of clay. It is also important to have a work surface that is large enough to accommodate the size of the bowl you are making.\nPreparing the Clay\nOnce you have all of the materials, you can begin to prepare the clay. Start by kneading the clay until it is soft and pliable. This will help to ensure that the clay is easy to work with. Once the clay is ready, you can begin to shape it into a ball. This will be the base of your bowl.\nCreating the Bowl\nNow that you have the clay ball, you can begin to shape it into a bowl. Start by placing the clay ball on the pottery wheel. Use the wheel to spin the clay and shape it into a bowl. You can use the rib to help shape the sides of the bowl. Once the bowl is the desired shape, use the wire tool to trim off any excess clay.\nFiring the Bowl\nOnce the bowl is shaped, it is time to fire it. Place the bowl in the kiln and set the temperature to the desired level. The firing process can take several hours, so it is important to be patient. Once the firing is complete, the bowl will be ready to use.\nFinishing the Bowl\nThe final step in making a stoneware pottery bowl is to finish it. This can be done by glazing the bowl or by adding a decorative finish. Glazing the bowl will help to protect it from moisture and give it a glossy finish. If you choose to add a decorative finish, you can use a variety of techniques such as painting, staining, or etching.\nWhat type of clay should I use?\nThe best type of clay to use for making a stoneware pottery bowl is a stoneware clay. This type of clay is fired at a higher temperature than other types of clay and is more durable.\nHow long does it take to fire a bowl?\nThe firing process can take several hours, depending on the size of the bowl and the temperature of the kiln. It is important to be patient and allow the bowl to fire completely before removing it from the kiln.\nCan I add a decorative finish to my bowl?\nYes, you can add a decorative finish to your bowl. This can be done by glazing the bowl or by adding a decorative finish such as painting, staining, or etching.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://gurubikes.com/enUS/tech-focus/matrix-one/", "date": "2013-05-23T22:49:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704054863/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113414-00091-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8711418509483337, "token_count": 299, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__144349622", "lang": "en", "text": "Not all carbon bikes are created equal. In fact, the first element that distinguishes GURU's home-grown composites program is that no two carbon frames we produce are alike. We make each one from scratch – we're the only ones who do it all in-house – according to individual cyclist specifications. Based on this singular approach, we have developed a series of innovative methods that redefine the limits of carbon manufacturing to deliver superior performance:\nRigorous F.E.A. modelling results in optimal layup configurations and shapes that fully capitalize on the tensile strength of carbon fiber.\nAlternative lay-up options allow for optimization of ride quality and durability based on rider size and power output.\nHigh-modulus carbon composition features an exceptional 70/30 fiber-to-resin ratio (far superior to the industry norm). Maximum carbon fiber results in optimal stiffness and greater dampening of high-frequency vibrations; minimum resin means less weight.\nUnique, internally pressurized bladder molding results in a true monocoque carbon construction with no seams or voids. Carbon fibers are thus permitted to cross-link in an optimal, multi-layered manner.\nUse of unidirectional fiber allows for a pinpointed carbon layup, avoiding the ride-compromising \"overbuild\" that is common in the industry.\nMeticulous part machining produces a tapered inner profile that generates a more fluid transmission of loads and eliminates stress risers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://electricdriving.en.made-in-china.com/product/IBhEnFLxsgWU/China-Starter-Motor-Shell-Special-Welding-Machine.html", "date": "2018-04-23T17:23:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946120.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180423164921-20180423184921-00637.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8545194268226624, "token_count": 351, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__7703545", "lang": "en", "text": "The D6RA starter Shell special welding machine is a special welding machine explored for riveting the bolts on the vehicle-use motor shell. The entire machine is controlled by Siemens PLC combining with MIYACHI welding XSC PID. Parameter setting adopts touching LCD. Besides, it can memorize the welding part norm of fifteen different kinds of material and board thickness. With Multi-stage electrifying mode, the current can rise and fall little by little. Three controlling modes such as constant current, constant voltage and constant power are available, with external water-cooling box, the welding head will be cooled in time.\nFunction and Features\n1. All Chinese /English operation and set simple trouble suggestion as well as help information. Easy to use.\n2. There are current, voltage and welding power monitoring function.\n3. Shift production counting and welding bar polishing warning.\n4. There are three work stages such as auto, one step and indexing. In addition, there are single-step and continuous states.\n5. User parameter with password protection\n6. Welding subarea step up to ensure the temperature coherence of both the initial welding point and the end welding point.\n7. Cooling mode: Water\n1. Working voltage: 380V± 10%\n2. Rated capacity: 28KVA\n3. Air supply pressure: 0.4-0.7Mpa\n4. Power: 120KV\n5. Control manner: PLC + MIYACHI welding XSC PID\n6. Cooling mode: Water cooling and wind cooling\n7. Outline dimension: 2660x1040x1954\n8. Weight: 500KG", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://elemetgroup.com/tank-head-manufacturers-finding-reliable-partners/", "date": "2024-04-16T23:13:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817112.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416222403-20240417012403-00053.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9070448875427246, "token_count": 1444, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__173808019", "lang": "en", "text": "Are you looking to partner with dependable tank head manufacturers for your industrial needs? As a critical component in pressure vessels and storage tanks across industries, choosing the right tank head supplier is vital.\nIn this blog, we’ll explore what tank heads are, where they’re used, factors to consider when selecting tank head manufacturers, common challenges and solutions when working with suppliers, and how to choose the most reliable partner for your needs.\nIf you’re ready to take the next step towards securing high-quality tank heads for your industrial applications, contact Elemet Group today for expert guidance and top-notch solutions.\nWhat Are Tank Heads and Where Are They Used?\nTank heads, also called dished ends or end caps, are concave metal discs that seal the ends of cylindrical tanks and pressure vessels across a wide range of industries. They are precisely engineered to withstand significant internal pressure and weight loads that tanks and vessels endure during operation.\nThe curvature of the tank head is designed to provide enhanced strength and minimize stress. Based on the specific tank dimensions, different curvatures can be used, such as torispherical, ellipsoidal, toriconical, and hemispherical. The thickness of the metal disc and concave depth are calculated based on the capacity and pressure requirements.\nCommon applications where tank heads play a critical role include:\n- Storage tanks holding crude oil, natural gas, chemicals, and other products. Tank heads seal these large cylindrical storage tanks safely.\n- Pressurized tanker trucks and railcars transporting products like propane, ammonia, chlorine, and other industrial chemicals. Tank heads enable safely transporting chemicals at higher pressures.\n- Process vessels and tanks in oil refining, natural gas processing, chemical and pharmaceutical production, food and beverage, water treatment, and other industries. The heads handle internal pressure safely.\n- Boilers, condensers, heat exchangers, and other power generation equipment. Tank heads are used extensively in thermal power plants.\n- Pulp and paper processing equipment like digesters and tanks need extremely durable heads.\n- Mining and mineral processing vessels use heads customized for corrosion resistance.\nBased on the specific temperature, pressure, and chemical exposure conditions, tank heads can be manufactured from carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel alloys, titanium, zirconium, Hastelloy, Monel, and several other exotic metals and alloys.\nChoosing the Right Tank Head Manufacturer\nWith tank heads being such a vital component affecting safety and performance, choosing the right supplier is an important decision. Here are key factors to consider when selecting tank head manufacturers:\n- Quality and Testing Standards\nTank heads require extensive quality checks, mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, and metallographic testing to ensure they meet stringent industry standards like ASME Section VIII. Reputable manufacturers have rigorous inspection, testing, and documentation processes in place for raw materials, machining, welding, and final products.\n- Custom Design and Engineering\nEvery tank and application requires tank heads to be designed with custom dimensions, metal thickness, and other specifications tailored to the exact operating conditions. Choose a manufacturer with proven in-house engineering expertise in customized tank head design to match your specific requirements.\n- Material Options and Certifications\nBased on your particular operating environment, you may need heads made from stainless steel, Incoloy, Hastelloy, titanium, or other alloys to withstand corrosion, temperature, and pressure. Ensure your supplier is experienced in those exotic metals and can provide material certifications.\n- Range of Manufacturing Processes and Capabilities\nThe optimal tank head manufacturing method depends on factors like diameter, metal thickness, quantities, lead times, and cost. Look for suppliers with expertise in multiple processes like metal forming, spinning, pressing, welding, heat treatment, and precision machining.\n- Reliability and Quality Control\nYou need a supplier who can consistently deliver high-quality tank heads on time to your specifications. Carefully assess their quality control standards, on-time delivery rates, responsiveness, and feedback from past customers.\nCommon Challenges and Solutions in Working with Tank Head Manufacturers\n- Obtaining Heads that Perfectly Match Your Specifications\nTo avoid back-and-forth, work closely with the engineering team from the design phase itself and conduct thorough design reviews before production. Provide comprehensive specifications and have open technical conversations about any needed customizations.\n- Finding the Right Balance of Quality and Cost\nPartner with a manufacturer that has a wide range of production capabilities so you can optimize for both cost and quality. Choose a process fit for your needs. Lower costs may sometimes compromise quality and safety.\n- Ensuring Consistent On-Time Delivery\nThoroughly vet potential suppliers on their capacity utilization, internal planning and logistics, and shipment capabilities to ensure consistent on-time delivery. Build necessary time buffers into your project schedules, as some delays do happen.\n- Getting After-Sales Support\nChoose tank head manufacturers focused on building long-term partnerships with customers, not just one-time transactions. Ask about after-sales support like installation guidance, repair services, ongoing maintenance support, and feedback channels.\n- Lack of Transparency and Communication\nSet clear expectations about progress reporting processes upfront. Voice any concerns proactively. Keep communication channels open in both directions throughout the design, production, shipment, and after-sales phases.\nWhat to Look for in a Tank Head Manufacturing Partner\nWith tank heads being such critical components affecting the safety and performance of your systems, choosing the right supplier is very important. Here are good practices to follow:\n- Do thorough due diligence on their engineering expertise, production capabilities, quality certifications, and industry reputation.\n- Understand their experience in manufacturing heads for your particular industry and operating conditions.\n- Review case studies and testimonials from past clients, especially those similar to you.\n- Have detailed discussions with engineers on your specifications and expectations. Resolve all concerns proactively.\n- Monitor production quality and progress closely through pre-agreed reporting processes.\n- Look for manufacturers focused on long-term partnerships and after-sales support, not just one-time transactions.\nPartnering with Reliable Tank Head Experts\nWith decades of experience producing tank heads for industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, mining, pulp and paper, power generation, and more, Elemet Group has the engineering expertise and manufacturing capabilities to provide fully-customizable tank head solutions tailored to your exact specifications, industry, and operating environment.\nWhether you need tank heads made from carbon steel, stainless steel, high alloys, or exotics like titanium or zirconium, our end-to-end manufacturing services using processes like metal spinning, pressing, welding, and machining can deliver quality heads on time and on budget.\nContact us today to discuss your specific tank head requirements in detail. Our engineers will partner with you to translate needs into the optimal designs and production plans. You can also learn more about our full range of capabilities and services. Call us for a free quote!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://freetrade.com.eg/Home/product/Silica_Gel_White", "date": "2022-08-15T08:55:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00768.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9030041694641113, "token_count": 136, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__45863127", "lang": "en", "text": "Silica Gel White\nWhite Silica Gel is a synthetically modified silicon dioxide that has been purified and processed into a hard, smooth bead. Silica gel’s high surface area has a vast network of narrow interconnecting pores which have a strong affinity for moisture.\nWhite Silica Gel Bead Applications:\nSilica gel is frequently used in:\n- compressed air dryers,\n- in desiccant packets to protect products,\n- as a catalyst carrier,\n- and, generally, in any desiccant application requiring premium performance, high capacity, and energy savings.\n|Size||2-5 mm / 5-10 mm|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.meserii.com/blogs/bamboo/bottle-made", "date": "2024-04-21T15:01:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00690.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9077112078666687, "token_count": 1002, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__17846568", "lang": "en", "text": "Bamboo bottles combine the durability and sturdiness of bamboo with modern technology to create a practical and stylish water container. The process of making bamboo bottles involves several steps, each contributing to their uniqueness and eco-friendliness.\n1. Sourcing High-Quality Bamboo\nThe first step in bamboo bottle production is sourcing high-quality bamboo. Mature bamboo stalks are selected, ensuring they are sustainably harvested to maintain a healthy ecosystem.\n2. Cutting and Treating Bamboo\nOnce the bamboo stalks are harvested, they are carefully cut into sections of the desired bottle size. The sections are then treated to remove impurities and ensure the bamboo's longevity.\n3. Hollowing Out the Bamboo\nThe next stage involves hollowing out the treated bamboo sections. Skilled artisans use precision tools to create the bottle's inner cavity, leaving enough thickness to maintain the bottle's strength.\n4. Inserting the Leak-Proof Lining\nTo prevent leakage, a food-grade stainless steel or glass lining is inserted into the hollowed-out bamboo section. This lining ensures the bottle remains watertight while maintaining the natural bamboo aesthetic.\n5. Smoothening and Polishing\nAfter the lining is inserted, the bamboo bottle undergoes a meticulous smoothening and polishing process. This enhances its appearance, making it smooth to touch while preserving the natural grain patterns of the bamboo.\n6. Adding the Lid and Seal\nThe bottle's lid, often made of bamboo or BPA-free plastic, is added along with a leak-proof seal. This combination ensures the bottle remains tightly sealed, preventing any spills.\n7. Quality Testing\nBefore the bottles are ready for market, each one undergoes rigorous quality testing. This ensures that they meet high standards for durability, safety, and leak resistance.\n8. Optional Insulation\nSome bamboo bottles offer insulation options, where an additional layer of stainless steel or glass is added to keep beverages hot or cold for extended periods.\nBamboo bottles offer numerous advantages that make them an appealing choice for eco-conscious consumers:\nBamboo is a highly sustainable material, known for its rapid growth and minimal environmental impact. Choosing bamboo bottles over plastic significantly reduces plastic waste, helping combat pollution.\nBiodegradable and Renewable\nUnlike plastic, bamboo is biodegradable and will naturally decompose over time. Additionally, bamboo is a renewable resource, as it regrows after harvesting without the need for replanting.\nStylish and Unique\nBamboo bottles exude natural elegance and come in a variety of designs, making them a fashionable accessory for those who value aesthetics and sustainability.\nDurable and Long-Lasting\nBamboo bottles boast remarkable strength and durability, ensuring they remain in good condition for years, even with regular use.\nInsulated bamboo bottles keep beverages at their desired temperature, whether it's hot coffee during winter or refreshing cold water in the summer.\nUnlike plastic bottles that may leach harmful chemicals, bamboo bottles with a stainless steel or glass lining offer a safe and chemical-free container for beverages.\nMust Read : Upcycling Your Old Bamboo Bottle: Creative Ideas\nConclusion: A Sustainable Choice for the Future\nAs the world shifts towards sustainability, bamboo bottles have emerged as a shining example of eco-friendly alternatives to plastic. The process of making bamboo bottles involves skilled craftsmanship, environmental awareness, and a commitment to reducing plastic waste. By choosing bamboo bottles, individuals contribute to a cleaner planet and a greener future.\nEmbrace the change today and opt for a bamboo bottle—your small step towards a more sustainable tomorrow.\nFrequently Asked Questions\nAre bamboo bottles safe to use?\nYes, bamboo bottles are safe to use. The food-grade stainless steel or glass lining inside the bottle ensures that no harmful substances leach into your drink.\nHow do I clean my bamboo bottle?\nCleaning a bamboo bottle is easy. Simply disassemble the bottle, remove the lid and lining, and wash each part with warm soapy water. Allow them to dry thoroughly before reassembling.\nCan bamboo bottles be used for hot beverages?\nYes, some bamboo bottles are designed with insulation properties, making them suitable for both hot and cold beverages.\nHow long does a bamboo bottle last?\nWith proper care, a bamboo bottle can last for several years. Regular maintenance and cleaning will ensure its longevity.\nAre bamboo bottles leak-proof?\nYes, bamboo bottles are designed to be leak-proof when the lid and seal are properly fitted.\nCan I compost a bamboo bottle at the end of its life?\nWhile the bamboo material is biodegradable, due to the stainless steel or glass lining, the entire bottle cannot be composted. However, the bamboo components can be disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mol.si/en/for-business/products/bitumens/", "date": "2022-09-30T09:18:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335448.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220930082656-20220930112656-00169.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.858235239982605, "token_count": 162, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__208768541", "lang": "en", "text": "We provide a wide range of bitumen products for many purposes: road construction and reparation, waterproofing, briquette production and wrapping paper production.\nMOL’s road bitumens fully satisfy the requirements specified by the standards. In our product range, you can find modern products appropriate for all road construction purposes.\nBuilding bitumens produced by MOL fully satisfy the limit values determined by the test methods for conventional bitumens on the one hand, and increase the durableness of roofing felts on the other.\nIndustrial and Special Bitumen\nIndustrial and special bitumens are used for many purposes; among others things, they are used in the insulation, electrical and paint industries.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://antisocialcollective.com/products/shoegooshoegoo", "date": "2023-06-03T03:42:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649105.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603032950-20230603062950-00156.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8244524002075195, "token_count": 195, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__68757303", "lang": "en", "text": "SHOE GOO - CLEAR - 109.4ML\nShoe Goo - 109.4ml Clear\nShoe GOO is the #1 shoe repair adhesive! It’s ideal for fixing worn soles or damaged heels, coating shoes to prevent premature wear and sealing galoshes, waders or rubber boots. The unique formula is designed for strong abrasion resistance and better adhesion to flexible materials.\n- Bonds, protects and rebuilds for a permanent repair\n- Excellent sealant – perfect for patching small holes\n- Waterproof – bond remains secure even when exposed to water\nShipping calculated at checkout.\nDELIVERY & RETURNS\nFREE SHIPPING Australia wide on all orders over $60.00\nEXPRESS SHIPPING Australia wide only $5.00 on orders over $60.00\nFor more information please visit our shipping / returns page.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://thousandislandsconcrete.com/why-you-should-consider-a-concrete-driveway/", "date": "2024-04-24T05:06:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00286.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9310356378555298, "token_count": 222, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__87140513", "lang": "en", "text": "Firstly, concrete driveways are incredibly durable. They can handle the weight of cars without cracking, and they’re resistant to the weather, so they don’t get damaged easily in the heat or cold. With proper maintenance, a concrete driveway can last up to 30 years or even longer.\nConcrete driveways also require minimal maintenance. Aside from occasional cleaning and resealing every few years, concrete driveways don’t require much in the way of upkeep.\nAesthetically, a concrete driveway can significantly enhance your home’s curb appeal. Concrete is a versatile material that can be textured, stained, or stamped to create a variety of looks. Whether you want a traditional gray driveway or something more decorative, concrete can deliver.\nFinally, concrete is cost-effective. While the upfront cost may be higher than some other materials, the long lifespan and low maintenance of concrete often make it the most economical choice over time.\nIn conclusion, a concrete driveway is a durable, low maintenance, and attractive option that can enhance the value and appeal of your home.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://arli.com/solo/", "date": "2024-04-24T08:55:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819089.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424080812-20240424110812-00146.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9199780821800232, "token_count": 319, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__110152354", "lang": "en", "text": "SOLO SUSTAINABLE & ECO-FRIENDLY BAGS\nEach bag in the new Re:cycled Collection repurposes plastic from three to eight plastic bottles, depending on bag size. The process used to create Solo’s Re:cycled Collection reduces the need for virgin plastic and also keeps plastic bottles from ending up in landfills.\nHOW SOLO MAKE BAGS\nFROM RECYCLED MATERIALS\nIt all starts with discarded plastic bottles. Through an environmentally-friendly process, those plastic bottles get transformed into a high quality and lightweight Recycled PET Polyester yarn. This process uses 50% less energy, 20% less water, and 60% less air pollution.\nThe end result? Giving plastic bottles a second life as sustainable bags that don’t compromise style.\nThe Re:cycled Collection bags are made with fabrics that are certified by the Global Recycled Standard\n“Single-use plastic is clearly an environmental problem, and Solo New York is working hard to do everything we can to help alleviate that by removing ocean bound plastic from landfills and reusing it for our bags, as well as many other initiatives to significantly reduce waste that we generate as a company,” said Serkan Anders, VP of Marketing, Solo New York. The fabric used by Solo is certified by the Global Recycled Standard (GRS), an international, voluntary, full product standard that sets requirements for third-party certification of recycled content, social & environmental practices and chemical restrictions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.kobymandell.org/story/14622643/this-weeks-thought-precious-resources", "date": "2019-04-19T09:23:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578527518.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419081303-20190419103303-00091.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9312569499015808, "token_count": 277, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__32239618", "lang": "en", "text": "This Week's Thought From The Koby Mandell Foundation\n- Sherri Mandell\nSeth and I recently had dinner with a friend named Lee Lasher. Lee's company, Amlon Resources, trades recycled metals extracted from industrial waste.\nFor example, the company recycles molybdenum, a metal with very high strength at high temperatures. Lee's company buys the extracted metal in North America and ships it to Asia where it is used to reinforce steel alloys. Lee's company also recycles other metals including nickel, vanadium, and cobalt for international use.\nWhat Lee is doing is really a form of global alchemy, taking waste, what would normally be buried, and turning it into something valuable.\nPeople sometimes say to me: \"Your son's murder was such a waste.\"\nBut we refuse that definition. We won't allow it to be a waste. There is something valuable waiting even in tragedy if we are willing to extract it.\nSometimes the rare and valuable metals Lee extracts are a millionth of a percentage point of the original waste material.\nIt is sometimes almost impossible to find the tiny points of good hiding in unspeakable acts of evil. But extracting that goodness, turning cruelty into kindness, is the secret of our humanity.\nPlease click here to make a contribution to The Koby Mandell Foundation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://buygreentechwirelessinternet.com/aerospace-parts-manufacturing-where-precision-meets-rigor/", "date": "2023-12-02T17:28:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100448.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202172159-20231202202159-00856.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9351906776428223, "token_count": 901, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__262253474", "lang": "en", "text": "– – –\nIndustries varying from aerospace to auto, as well as from medical to customer items, need very specialized processes for producing intricate parts and elements. Two such processes that play an essential role are CNC plastic machining as well as plastic shot molding.\nComputer Numerical Control (CNC) plastic machining is a versatile and also accurate manufacturing procedure used to produce intricate plastic parts. Unlike traditional hands-on machining, CNC machining is automated as well as directed by computer programs. This strategy entails eliminating material from a plastic workpiece making use of reducing devices to attain the desired form as well as dimensions.\nCNC plastic machining finds applications in different industries, including aerospace, clinical, automobile, and consumer electronics. It is the best selection when high accuracy, tight tolerances, and elaborate layouts are required. Parts such as equipments, medical implants, electronic rooms, and also models can be successfully generated via CNC plastic machining.\nDriving Industry: Exploring Automotive Manufacturers’ Role\nCNC equipments can attain incredibly tight resistances, making certain regular as well as accurate components. The procedure allows for intricate and also complicated designs that could be challenging making use of other manufacturing techniques.\nCNC plastic machining supports a large range of plastic products, each using different residential or commercial properties for certain applications. It’s ideal for both reduced and high volume production runs, making it versatile for various project scales. CNC plastic machining promotes the fast production of prototypes for screening and also recognition.\nPlastic shot molding is a production procedure where liquified plastic is injected right into a mold tooth cavity, permitted to cool down and also strengthen, and after that expelled as a finished part. It is commonly utilized for generating big amounts of plastic components with high accuracy and repeatability.\nThis technique plays an essential duty in numerous sectors, such as vehicle, medical, electronics, and also consumer goods. From detailed clinical tools to automotive indoor parts, plastic shot molding’s adaptability knows no bounds.\nThe high-speed nature of shot molding enables fast production of large amounts of parts. The process guarantees uniformity throughout all components, maintaining quality and specs.\nVery little product waste as extra plastic can be reused. Shot molding sustains a substantial variety of plastic materials, each catering to details mechanical and thermal residential or commercial properties. The technique can create parts with intricate styles and complicated geometries.\nThe Dance of Acrylic Injection Molding: Blending Art and Science\nOvermolding and also insert molding are advanced methods originated from plastic injection molding. Overmolding involves adding a layer of additional material over an existing component or substratum, while insert molding includes putting pre-formed elements (inserts) right into the mold and mildew prior to shot molding. These strategies are used to enhance product functionality, boost grip, or combine different products for specific residential or commercial properties.\nIndustries such as aerospace as well as auto depend heavily on these producing processes. Precision as well as dependability are non-negotiable in these sectors, and both CNC plastic machining and plastic shot molding provide the required degree of quality. From aerospace components based on severe problems to complex automotive parts that add to safety and also performance, these methods are indispensable to these sectors’ success.\nPrototyping is a crucial stage in product growth. Both CNC plastic machining and plastic injection molding allow quick prototyping, minimizing development time and also price. Manufacturers can produce useful prototypes that carefully simulate the final product, enabling screening and validation before major manufacturing.\nAiming to delve deeper right into the world of precision production? Look into this: Injection Moulding\nThe expense of both CNC plastic machining and plastic shot molding differs based upon variables such as material, design intricacy, tolerances, quantity, and completing needs. Typically, CNC plastic machining is liked for reduced volume manufacturing runs and also complicated designs, while plastic injection molding becomes a lot more cost-efficient for bigger production quantities.\nIn the globe of contemporary manufacturing, CNC plastic machining as well as plastic shot molding are necessary strategies that drive advancement and accuracy. Whether it’s crafting a model or producing a huge volume of components, CNC plastic machining and plastic shot molding stand as columns of modern production.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.stitchandskein.com/product/universal-yarn-clean-cotton-multi/", "date": "2023-02-07T07:55:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500392.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207071302-20230207101302-00438.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9039304852485657, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__165764938", "lang": "en", "text": "A fantastic eco-friendly choice, Clean Cotton is made from fiber leftover from other yarns that normally would be added to the manufacturing waste cycle, making it a yarn you can truly feel good about using. 85% recycled cotton paired with 15% recycled polyester makes for a soft but durable yarn. A Stitch & Skein favorite, this yarn makes a great dishcloth or hand towel, but also is amazing for baby blankets and toys!\nYardage: 131 yards/75g\nFiber: 85% recycled cotton, 15% recycled Polyester\nKnitting gauge: 18-24 stitches over 4 inches\nNeedle size: US 8/5mm – US 10/6mm\nHook size: US I/5.5mm – US J/6mm\nMachine washable? Yes", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://s527087944.initial-website.co.uk/cnc-profiling/", "date": "2020-04-05T17:09:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371606067.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200405150416-20200405180916-00141.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9381727576255798, "token_count": 274, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__196342079", "lang": "en", "text": "We have recently extended our services to include CNC profiling. Our CNC services offer high precision, accuracy and quality of cutting of a range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.\nLet us create your designs for you or alternatively submit your own as CAD files using popular software such as AutoCAD. We accept .dxf and .svg file types for cutting.\nOur CNC plasma table can cut from sheets of plate up to 3m by 1.5m. These sheets can be up to 20mm in thickness\nUsing the oxy-fuel system we are able to cut steel up to 50mm in thickness.\nPlasma cutting can be used for a wide range of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals including mild steel, stainless steel, aluminium, brass and copper.\nWe have the capability to not only cut your designs onto a flat sheet of plate but also to cut them around the circumference of a round tubular section. We have the capacity to cut tube up to 200mm in diameter and 10mm in wall thickness.\nThe high clearance design of our table means that we are able to cut designs into box section up to 150mm in diameter\nWe are more then happy to quote for and undertake single parts up to full production runs.\nFor further information on our plasma cutting service or for a quotation contact us", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.ipenstore.com/caran-dache-swiss-made-limited-edition-ballpoint-pen-nespresso/", "date": "2018-07-17T01:26:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589537.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717012034-20180717032034-00128.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.880469024181366, "token_count": 448, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__148277748", "lang": "en", "text": "Caran d'Ache Metal Ballpoint Pen, Nespresso\nLimited Edition collaboration between Caran d'Ache and Nespresso\nIn collaboration with Nespresso, Caran d’Ache is presenting a new 849 ballpoint pen in limited edition made using the aluminum from Nespresso recycled capsules. This exclusive writing instrument was born of the encounter between two iconic Swiss companies, sharing common values: sustainable development, innovation and Swiss design quality. This exclusive writing instrument was born of the encounter between two iconic Swiss companies, sharing common values: sustainable development, innovation and Swiss design quality. In 2015, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Nespresso’s commitment to recycle its aluminum capsules, the company launched its Second Life project to breathe new life into its used capsules through a range of iconic Swiss products. Having already released a Victorinox Swiss Army knife and a Zena vegetable peeler, Nespresso partners with Caran d’Ache to create a special 849, using recycled capsules’ aluminum for the body of the pen. Caran d’Ache Research & Development laboratory went through numerous tests to create an exclusive alloy using the aluminum from recycled capsules, meeting the quality requirements of the 849. A writing instrument that is both robust and sustainable while boasting a timeless look.\n- Hexagonal body for a comfortable and controlled writing experience.\n- Lightweight yet robust aluminum body made using the aluminum from recycled Nespresso capsules\n- Blue “Dharkan” colour with shiny appearance obtained by microbeading blasting process and electrostatic treatment.\n- Engraved “Made with recycled Nespresso Capsules” label on the face opposing the clip.\n- Flexible steel clip.\n- Goliath ink cartridge allowing you to write up to 600 pages of A4.\n- Steel tip with rotating tungsten carbide ballpoint which ensures a clean and smudge free line.\n- Refills: Goliath cartridges in fine (blue, black, red), medium (blue, black, red, green) and large (blue, black). (Equipped with a blue medium.)\n- Made in Switzerland", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.apellix.com/ndt-drone", "date": "2018-06-19T08:25:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267861981.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619080121-20180619100121-00426.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8627228140830994, "token_count": 321, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__81016400", "lang": "en", "text": "The Smart Bee™ is a patented Nondestructive testing (NDT) autonomous precision controlled aerial robotic system (drone) for defense and industrial applications. This platform can conduct autonomous eddy-current, magnetic-particle, liquid penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic, and visual testing at heights and in confined spaces without the need for cranes, scaffolding, or rope work. This includes;\n- Ultrasonic Thickness Testing (UTT) such as wall or pipe thickness measurements of ships hull, oil & gas facilities, pipelines, etc. to ASTM, API, or other standards.\n- Dry film thickness (DFT) paint coating thickness measurements on ferrous substrates pursuant to SSPC-PA 2 or other standards, producing over 100 measurements per hour\n- Surface profile measurements for blast cleaned metal surfaces pursuant with SSPC-SP or other standards.\n- Nondestructive examination (NDE), Nondestructive Inspection (NDI), confined space, and other inspections.\n- Apellix can integrate NDT and other technologies into its platform to create custom / bespoke applications.\nWe do this without the need for cranes, scaffolding or rope work.\nThe Smart Bee was recently recognized as a 2017 Innovation of the Year by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE).\nA REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT WILL RESERVE YOUR PLACE IN QUEUE\nWe are accepting deposits for leases of the Beta Version of the Smart Bee. Please fill out the form below.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.privacbrassworks.com/pipe-clamps.html", "date": "2024-04-22T20:10:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818337.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422175900-20240422205900-00449.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9428153038024902, "token_count": 131, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__122532761", "lang": "en", "text": "Most Popular Products\nWe are offering premium quality saddle type Pipe Clamps that are used for the rigid and tight installation of pipes with the help of mechanical fasteners. These components are manufactured by using top grade steel and alloyed brass which gives excellent tensile strength and durability. They are available in various different sizes to clamp pipes of various different diameters. Pipe Clamps availed by us are also provided with a smooth anti-corrosive coating which gives excellent protection against corrosion. Buy from us these highly durable and sturdy metallic clamps in large quantities at a low price.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://vesperco.com/products/iwc-ceramic-der-fliegerchronograph-1", "date": "2024-04-16T05:35:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817043.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416031446-20240416061446-00880.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9411707520484924, "token_count": 599, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__13340905", "lang": "en", "text": "International Watch Co., Schaffhausen, \"Der Fliegerchronograph, Automatic\", Ref. 3705. Made circa 1995. Fine, self-winding, water-resistant, antimagnetic, ceramic wristwatch with round stainless steel button chronograph and crown, registers, day and date and a stainless steel IWC buckle. Accompanied by original box, guarantee, instruction booklet and extract from archives.\nCase: Two-body, ceramic case with concave lugs, stepped ceramic bezel, screwed-down stainless steel case back and crown, antimagnetic protection shield, sapphire crystal.\nDial: Black with painted Arabic numerals and luminous tritium baton and triangular indexes, subsidiary dials for the seconds, the 12-hour and 30-minute registers, outer minute/ seconds track, apertures for the days of the week and the date. Luminous steel baton hands.\nMovement: Cal. 7902, rhodium plated, oeilde- perdrix decoration, 25 jewels, straight-line lever escapement, monometallic balance, shock absorber, self-compensating flat balance spring, micrometer regulator, hack mechanism. Dial, case and movement signed.\nDiameter. 39 mm and Thickness 15 mm.\nAccompanied with original box, guarantee, manual and extract from archives.\nMore about IWC:\nThe IWC reference 3705 Fliegerchronograph was the brand’s first ceramic chronograph. As seen with the IWC Aquatimer GST, IWC pioneered the use of alternative materials for case production. Today, the use of materials like titanium and ceramic are widespread, but at the time of their initial release, the use of these materials was incredibly innovative.\nThe ref. 3705 was launched in 1994 and only produced for three years. Less than 1000 examples were produced in total due to the high cost of making ceramic cases – 50% higher cost than that of a stainless steel example.\nDespite the high cost, the use of zirconium oxide (commonly known as ceramic) in watch cases was appealing to IWC because it was extremely hard yet lightweight, and could be fused with other elements to provide additional hardness and scratch resistance. Ceramic is formed when a powder, a binder, and a liquid are combined and heated to temperatures over 1000 degrees Celsius. Unlike metals, ceramic pieces shrink by about a third after they are fired. Consequently, to use ceramic for something like a watch case, the measurements have to be extremely precise and the loss in size has to be factored in from the start.\nThe present watch is in mint condition and is an excellent opportunity for a watch aficionado to acquire an incredibly innovative watch model. While it was not produced as a limited edition watch, production of this model was extremely limited, making it hard to come by and extremely desirable.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://arjowiggins-tracingpapers.com/products/product-info/", "date": "2017-04-24T21:00:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119838.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00559-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9085981845855713, "token_count": 709, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__315484774", "lang": "en", "text": "Natural tracing paper\nOur tracing papers are naturally transparent and are made from 100 % pure cellulose fibre without the use of transparentising chemicals. Unlike resin-impregnated translucent paper, our product is 100 % recyclable and biodegradable. Our tracing papers are manufactured from Elemental Chlorine Free and Total Chlorine Free woodpulp from well managed and renewable forest sources that have been certified as FSC or FSC controlled wood.\nResearch & development is an area that has always been key to the manufacture of our innovative papers. Over the years we have developed many new opportunities by selective adjustments to our products to meet changing technology and market demands.\nOur R & D teams, working locally within the Chartham and Quzhou mills, have created solutions to customer opportunities or problems. Our development from original technical and manual drawing paper to what is now a comprehensive range of products has been achieved through people with dedicated knowledge of the chemistry and process engineering required for continuous product improvement and innovation.\nWith many thousands of years' of accumulated knowledge and skills, there is no one better to talk to, so if you have a specific idea please contact us via our contact page.\nGateway is the leading tracing paper brand which enjoys an outstanding reputation among professionals and students worldwide. It is suitable for a broad range of technical applications: CAD, PPC, laser printing, diazo copying, manual drawing, as an intermediate in the production of printing plates, and other applications where transparency is required. Available in standard grammages of 40/45 – 110/115 g/m². Other grammages available upon request.\nTRANSprint is a special translucent grade for newspaper outer wraps which allows companies to advertise in the two most prominent positions of a newspaper - front and back pages - without impacting the editorial content. It offers publishers a high added value advertising revenue stream. HSBC, Citi Bank, Virgin Atlantic and Chanel have advertised on TRANSprint on some of the world's most renowned newspaper titles such as The Daily Telegraph and The Sunday Times.\nTRANSboard is the first ever tracing paper board. This unique alternative to plastic is both biodegradable and recyclable. TRANSboard is easy to print and is suitable for a wide range of applications. Available in 285gsm and 400gsm.\nArjowiggins clear translucent papers are available in following grammages:\n- 40/45 gsm\n- 50/55 gsm\n- 60/65 gsm\n- 70/75 gsm\n- 80/85 gsm\n- 90/95 gsm\n- 100/105 gsm\n- 110/115 gsm\n- 140 gsm\n- 180 gsm\n- 230 gsm\n- 285 gsm\n- 400 gsm\nFor bespoke colours & grammages please contact us via our contacts page.\nSpecials: Our Hi-Res translucent is designed for high quality colour CAD ink jet printing and other simple colour ink jet graphic images.\nWe also offer FSC-certified products and barrier papers for special industrial applications.\nAll products are subject to certain minimum order requirements. Please contact us via our contacts page for more information.\nOur paper is available in mill reels, rolls & sheets. Wide format sheets can be supplied in bulk pack (tabbed or untabbed) or paper wrap. A3 and A4 sheets can additionally be supplied bulk packed, shrink wrapped, or in cartons.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://cowgirlyarn.com/collections/yarn/products/zephyr-lace", "date": "2024-04-17T00:56:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817112.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416222403-20240417012403-00717.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8791166543960571, "token_count": 127, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__145344660", "lang": "en", "text": "This unique combination of natural fibers provides a yarn that is lightweight and lustrous. Equal percentages of fine Merino Wool and Tussah silk are joined to create a truly elegant yarn.\nBecause wool and silk accept dyes differently, the fabric made from this yarn may have a slightly “tweedy” look in some shades and you may find the occasional silk nep.\nFiber Content: 50% Wool, 50% Silk\nYarn Weight: Lace\nPhysical Weight: 100g\nYardage: 1120 yards\nCare: Hand Wash, Dry Flat\nCountry Of Origin: USA", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://youforgotpoland.org/the-artistry-of-ceramic-pipes-a-detailed-guide/", "date": "2024-04-13T01:06:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816465.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412225756-20240413015756-00429.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9442352056503296, "token_count": 631, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__124547179", "lang": "en", "text": "The use of ceramic pipes for smoking has been around for centuries, with cultures around the world creating beautifully crafted pieces for both practical and artistic purposes. In recent years, ceramic pipes have gained popularity among smokers for their unique aesthetic appeal and smooth smoking experience.\nCeramic pipes are created by shaping clay into desired shapes and designs, firing them in a kiln at high temperatures to harden the material. The result is a durable and heat-resistant pipe that can be used repeatedly. What sets ceramic pipes apart from other smoking options is the opportunity for creativity in their design. From intricate patterns to vibrant colors, each piece is truly one-of-a-kind.\nBut what makes ceramic pipes so desirable? The answer lies in the artistry involved in creating these pieces.\nFirstly, let’s talk about aesthetics. Ceramic pipes offer a wide range of design possibilities that other materials cannot match. Artists can mold clay into any shape or size they desire, allowing them to create unique patterns and textures on their pieces using various techniques such as carving or painting.\nMoreover, unlike metal or glass pipes which are typically mass-produced, each ceramic pipe is handcrafted by skilled artisans who pour their heart into every piece they create. This results in an exquisite display of artistry that cannot be replicated by machines.\nAside from aesthetics, another advantage of using ceramic as a material for smoking devices is its properties that enhance the user’s overall experience. For example, unlike metal or glass which conduct heat quickly and may cause discomfort while holding onto during prolonged use; ceramics retain heat much better while remaining cool to touch on the exterior.\nAdditionally, due to its porous nature compared to metals or glass materials commonly used to make smoking devices; ceramics provide an excellent filtration system that allows for smoother hits while keeping harmful components from reaching your mouth- resulting in an enjoyable smoke session every time.\nApart from traditional clay-based ceramics made with kaolin (a type of naturally occurring white clay) other variants of ceramic pipes utilize the use of porcelain, stoneware and earthenware- each of which possesses its unique properties that enhance the overall smoking experience.\nBut ceramic pipes are not just about beauty and functionality; they also hold significance in terms of cultural heritage. Many cultures around the world have long-standing traditions of creating ceramic pipes, often with intricate designs that reflect their beliefs and customs. For example, Native American tribes would create pipes with symbolic motifs representing their spiritual beliefs.\nToday, contemporary artists continue to push the boundaries with their unique styles and designs, incorporating modern techniques while still honoring traditional methods. This fusion results in an unparalleled display of artistry that attracts both smokers and collectors alike.\nIn conclusion, ceramic pipes are not just smoking devices; they are a form of art. The skill and creativity involved in crafting these pieces make them stand out from other options on the market. With their unique aesthetics, enhanced smoking experience, cultural significance, and endless design possibilities; it’s no wonder why ceramic pipes have captured the hearts and minds of smokers worldwide.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://kuloko.co/products/self-adhesive-paper-tape", "date": "2020-01-28T16:07:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251779833.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20200128153713-20200128183713-00431.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.923319399356842, "token_count": 200, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__111550584", "lang": "en", "text": "This self-adhesive paper tape has a long-lasting natural adhesive, which quickly and securely sticks to all carton surfaces. The tape can be applied with a standard hand gun or tape dispenser for fast, accurate placement. The tape can also be easily torn by hand.\nSelf-adhesive paper tape has a strong resistance to moisture and humidity. The tape is manufactured from 57gsm silicone free Kraft paper with a natural rubber adhesive making it recyclable with the carton. Use for sealing boxes up to 20kg in weight.\n- 50mm x 50m in length rolls\n- Sustainably sourced, unbleached Kraft paper\n- 57gsm tape\n- Tearable by hand but can also be used in traditional tape guns and dispensers\n- Natural, plastic-free rubber adhesive\n- 100% recyclable, can be disposed of with cardboard packaging\n- Sourced from Raja, an FSC certified European supplier committed to sustainability and the environment", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://arisebooks.info/23705509-polymer-matrix-composites-by-john-a-manson.html", "date": "2019-02-17T22:28:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247482788.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217213235-20190217235235-00526.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9173489809036255, "token_count": 291, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__235991343", "lang": "en", "text": "This volume deals with properties and manufacturing processes of composites with polymeric matrices. Comprehensive treatment is given to properties of thermosetting resins, thermoplastics and elastomers, and composite systems based on these. Individual chapters are devoted to glass fiber reinforced plastics, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, aramid fiber reinforced plastics, high-density polyethylene composites, hybrids and sandwiches, and particulate and short-fiber composites. The mechanisms of deformation and failure that are characteristic of these composite systems are then treated in separate chapters on viscoelasticity and aging, moisture uptake, matrix cracking, delamination, and fatigue. Since the properties of composites are closely related to microstructure, an extensive treatment of microstructural characterization is given.\nDepending on the application and the polymeric matrix, thermoset or thermoplastic, a wide range of manufacturing processes exist. Following an overview of the manufacturing processes, the impregnation and consolidation processes as well as the preparation of semifinished products are treated. Individual chapters are devoted to prepregging and autoclaving, and open mold, compression molding, liquid impregnation, and continuous molding techniques. The practical aspects of joining, machining, and repair of composites are then treated. Finally, a variety of topics of importance to the industrial application of composites such as the selection of manufacturing routes and life cycle considerations are discussed.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://automanager.tv/?p=12198", "date": "2020-07-16T13:50:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657169226.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200716122414-20200716152414-00112.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9416531920433044, "token_count": 512, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__77554870", "lang": "en", "text": "Eastman Chemical Company has announced investments in expanding its capabilities for the production of Eastman Impera™ performance resins for tires at both its Middelburg, The Netherlands, and Jefferson, Pa., manufacturing sites. The expansions will serve the growing demand from tire makers around the world for Impera resins that enable improved safety, efficiency and performance. This effort supports the growth strategy of Eastman’s Tire Additives business, which is part of its Additives & Functional Products operating segment.\n“As consumers and OEMs continue to raise expectations for higher performing tires, tire makers are responding by pushing the boundaries of tire technology,” said Gunes Celik, vice president and general manager, Eastman Tire Additives. “Impera performance resins have become a preferred technology to enable improvements in fuel economy, tire performance and tread life. These investments will allow Eastman to continue to support the growing needs of leading tire makers and expand on our position as a key innovator in the tire industry.”\nEastman’s Impera hydrocarbon and natural resins are used as additives in tire formulations around the world. Impera performance resins help tire compounders expand beyond the trade-offs typically imposed by the “magic triangle” of tire performance that balances wet grip, rolling resistance and wear. These resins are a vital tool for meeting the mobility challenges of today and tomorrow.\n“With an accelerating pace of innovation in the tire industry, expanding our capacity between 10 and 15 percent while building on our already-strong capabilities is one more way that Eastman is aligning our innovation with our customers’ needs,” Celik added.\nEastman is a global specialty materials company that produces a broad range of products found in items people use every day. With the purpose of enhancing the quality of life in a material way, Eastman works with customers to deliver innovative products and solutions while maintaining a commitment to safety and sustainability. The company’s innovation-driven growth model takes advantage of world-class technology platforms, deep customer engagement, and differentiated application development to grow its leading positions in attractive end markets such as transportation, building and construction, and consumables. As a globally inclusive and diverse company, Eastman employs approximately 14,500 people around the world and serves customers in more than 100 countries. The company had 2018 revenues of approximately $10 billion and is headquartered in Kingsport, Tennessee, USA. For more information, visit www.eastman.com.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.interiordesignsbyk.com/", "date": "2015-03-31T12:33:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131300578.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172140-00177-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9469600319862366, "token_count": 1050, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-14__0__125431254", "lang": "en", "text": "Sustainable Flooring | Interior Design Southlake, TX\nFor those homeowners who prefer the option of environmentally friendly products, wood flooring provides a sustainable resource, while imparting grand style and durability. When shopping for ideas, consider sustainable flooring in your interior design in Southlake, TX.\nSustainable flooring is produced from renewable materials through an environmentally friendly process. In addition, the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America recommends those with allergies to dust or other particulates select flooring with smooth surfaces such as hardwood, linoleum, tile or slate.\nWood floors add natural warmth and color to your home's interior design in Southlake, TX. In addition, wood flooring is practical and easy to clean, an advantage for persons with allergies. Depending on the type of timber you pick, wood provides an environmentally responsible flooring option. Trees are a renewable resource, and are considered a sustainable product when the timber is plantation grown, as opposed to timber harvested out of native forestry.\nTrees absorb carbon as they grow, and it remains stored in wood flooring, rather than being released into the atmosphere. At the end of its useful life as flooring, wood flooring can be repurposed as reclaimed wood, ensuring the carbon stays locked inside.\nBamboo flooring is considered an ideal example of sustainable flooring, and is a popular option with interior design in Southlake, TX. The product is manufactured from fast-growing renewable wood, although bamboo is in fact considered a grass, and grows to maturity in just 3-5 years.\nWhen it comes to carbon isolation, bamboo is nature's workhorse. It stores up to 70% more carbon a year than hardwoods. In addition, when bamboo is harvested the root system is left intact in the soil, providing new growth. Bamboo is strong, extremely durable, and is resistant to insects and the moisture of humid environments.\nLook for bamboo products and systems available that don't use urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, which emit volatile organic compounds (VOC).\nReclaimed wood is sourced from decommissioned homes, buildings, barns and other structures. The lumber is from old growth trees containing a tight grain pattern, and occasionally displays character features such as nail holes.\nDredge Wood is sourced from old-growth timber that has been submerged in rivers for 100-150 years, and the selected wood is typically 150 year old tree growth. It features a tight grain pattern and uncommon patina due to submersion without degradation of the wood.\nReclaimed wood can impart a rustic or a historic atmosphere in your home's interior design in Southlake, TX.\nCork tiles or planks are harvested from the bark of the cork oak without harm to the living tree. It is a highly renewable and sustainable flooring resource. Once the cork tree reaches 25 years of age, cork is harvested approximately once every 10 years. The tree can live for up to 200 years.\nAn additional benefit of cork flooring is that it contains a waxy substance used in nature to regulate water supply to the tree. This substance provides cork flooring with fire retardant, antimicrobial, anti-fungal and antibacterial properties.\nCork offers a number of exceptional benefits for flooring performance. It has superb insulation properties against both noise and heat loss, and is a warm, comfortable walking surface. It is resilient to imprints and copes well with furniture placement and heavy foot traffic. However, cork will absorb moisture and should not be used in bathrooms. Ensure you select a low VOC sealant.\nCork flooring is a popular choice for interior design in Southlake, TX of modern kitchens.\nTrue linoleum flooring is manufactured from 100% renewable sources and is 100% biodegradable. It is manufactured with dried and milled flax seeds (linseed oil), wood flour, ground cork and pine resin, with a jute, burlap, or canvas backing. It is fire-resistant and anti-static, a combination that makes it ideal for those with allergies. In addition, as the decorative pigments are embedded in its structure, it doesn't fade. When opting for linoleum, ensure it is the true product and not PVC flooring with less environmentally friendly plasticizers.\nCoconut palms grow rapidly, with harvest for flooring from 60-80 year old plants incapable of producing fruit. It is a hardwood with a close grain. It is cheaper than teak, and as hard as mahogany. Coconut flooring has an attractive striped appearance and provides properties similar to hardwood. Coconut flooring is available in its natural color, or the option of further processing, which results in darker stripes for interior design in Southlake, TX that requires a more exotic appearance.\nSustainable flooring offers a number of options for your home. Our skilled interior designers can assist you with flooring or color selection for your custom designed home. If you need assistance in beautifying your home, contact Designs by K for professional interior design in Southlake, TX.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.a2zfiltration.com/html/test-contaminants.php", "date": "2017-04-27T06:58:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121893.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00457-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8215461373329163, "token_count": 733, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__252866019", "lang": "en", "text": "About Powder Technology Inc\nA2Z Filtration Specialities Pvt. Ltd represent M/s. Powder Technology Inc Incorporated (PTI) in India for Test Contaminants.\nPowder Technology Inc is a materials processing company with expertise in the total spectrum of particle modification and specialization in, size reduction, air classification, screening and blending. PTI have several years experience in dry powder processing and analysis.\nSince the company founding in 1980, PTI has focused on meeting and exceeding customer needs and expectations through expanding expertise and broadened capabilities in materials modification and treatment. This focus has produced incremental growth and positioning as an industry leader. In addition to the Minnesota processing plant, which specializes in the processing and analysis of dry materials, PTI has ownership interest in one other custom processor which enhances PTI's processing capacity in particulate materials processing using spray drying, prilling, grinding, coating and micro-encapsulation technologies.\nEngineering expertise, excellence in the development and implementation of confidential proprietary procedures and thorough analytical investigation and evaluation at every stage of materials processing, provide key differentiation from competitors and value added services to PTI customers.\nPTI products being offered by A2Z are as follows:-\n- A1 Ultrafine Test Dust (500 gms /Jar)\n- A2 Fine Test Dust (3.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- A3 Medium Test Dust (3.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- A4 Coarse Test Dust (4.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- Arizona Test Dust Fractions 500 gms/ Jar)\n- ARAMCO Test Dust (3.0 Kg/ Jar)\n- Second Cut Cotton Linters (20 gms/ 500 gms Bag/ 5Kg Drum)\n- Iron Oxide Fractions (500 gms / Jar)\n- Iron, Steel and Aluminum Chips (Variable)\n- SOFTC-2A Liquid Oil Filter Test Contaminant (1 Gallon Can)\n- Graded Crushed Quartz Fractions (500 gms)\n- MIL E- 5007C Spec Crushed Quartz. Also complies with MIL E- 8593A and MIL E-5007D specifications (5.4 Kg/ Jar)\n- Silica Sand and Silica Dust MIL-STD-810E -4.5Kg/ Jar (Sand) 3.5 Kg / Jar (Dust)\n- Blowing Sand and Blowing Dust per MIL-STD-810F- 4.5 Kg/ Jar (Sand) 3.5 Kg/ Jar ( Dust)\n- Quartz, Gypsum, Calcite, Sodium Chloride Blend (4.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- Crushed Quartz formulated to ECE R16, Section 188.8.131.52 Dust Specification, Chinese Specification GB 14166, Section 184.108.40.206 Dust (3.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- SAE J726 Arizona Test Dust Contaminants Fine & Coarse Grades\n3.5 Kg/ Jar ( Fine)\n4.5 Kg/ Jar ( Coarse)\n4.0 Kg/ Jar ( Fine & Coarse)\n- ASHRAE1 TEST DUST with carbon (1.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- ASHRAE2 TEST DUST without carbon (1.5 Kg/ Jar)\n- Oil Filtration Test Contaminant (Variable)\nPlease visit Powder Technology Inc website : www.powdertechnologyinc.com", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jske.in/frp-fasteners/", "date": "2024-02-26T09:53:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474659.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226094435-20240226124435-00874.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.887688159942627, "token_count": 517, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__182600858", "lang": "en", "text": "FRP fasteners are employed in technical sectors where electrical, chemical, and thermal properties are critical. Glass fibre reinforced epoxy or polyester resin systems with particular additives and a unique structure are used to make our offered fasteners. Explore our website to discover our diverse range of other FRP products.\nFRP fasteners have the following advantages over steel fastening:\n- a lot lighter\n- Insulating both electrically and thermally\n- Durable and Corrosion resistant\n- Defiant in the face of adversity\nProperties of FRP Fasteners\n- ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES: FRP fasteners are non-magnetic and electrically insulating. Furthermore, partial discharge is free to large electric field strengths and is particularly non-tracking. They’re great for transformers, electrical engineering, high-frequency switching, and electrostatic powder coating.\n- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: FRP fasteners are particularly resistant to strong fluids and gases, as well as transformer oil and dielectric liquids. They are also UV and weather resistant.\n- THERMAL PROPERTIES: When compared to steel (15-58 W/mk), frp threaded rods, bolts, and nuts have a very low thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/mk, which puts them on par with mineral wool, which is used as insulation in construction. They’re perfect for use in refrigeration, HVAC, and other applications where thermal bridges are a concern.\n- COMPOSITE FASTENERS ARE LIGHTWEIGHT: Composite fasteners have a density of 1.9 t 2 g/cm3 and hence weigh about a quarter of the weight of steel. They’re ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical, such as vehicle construction or the fabrication of wind turbine nacelles.\n- HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH: Threaded rods manufactured of thermoplastics, such as polyamide frp, offer a six-fold higher tensile strength than threaded rods made of metal.\nFields of application:\n- Flue gas desulphurization plant\n- Onshore / offshore engineering\n- Chemical plants\n- Hydraulic engineering, sewage treatment plants, desalination of seawater\n- Transformers, dry-type and oil immersed\n- Instrument construction, High-frequency Systems\n- Traffic engineering\n- Refrigeration and air conditioning\n- Cable trays\n- Electrostatic powder coating\n- Electroplating plants", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://soyang.co.uk/products/g-floor-printable-vinyl-floor-covering", "date": "2018-12-16T05:41:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827281.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216051636-20181216073636-00331.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9316456913948059, "token_count": 611, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__107969050", "lang": "en", "text": "Large UK Distribution Facility | Standard Next Day Delivery | Quality Assured Products\nThe sheer durability and versatility of Bild printable flooring will turn the industry on its head... as we change the world beneath your feet!\nBild printable vinyl floor covering, which until recently was known as G-Floor, provides a simple solution to a major challenge in graphic flooring. Most graphic floors are created by placing a thin sheet of protective vinyl over an imaged design and then installing this as a floor. However, the thin layer of vinyl is often not enough to protect the design, causing it to easily become scratched or damaged. As a result, it either needs to be replaced or left looking unsightly.\nNormal graphic floors are made with layers of filler that are cheap to produce and can make the floor look great—temporarily. But again, this filler is easily damaged and, once malformed, cannot be easily repaired.\nThis is why Bild’s printable vinyl floor covering is such a unique product!\nRather than using filler layers of cardboard stock, foam and fibreboard, Bild makes use of a single, solid layer of impervious PVC. This polyvinyl is extruded from raw vinyl materials into a thick, solid sheet of clear protective flooring. The image is then printed to a protected layer that is encased in the polyvinyl blend. As a result, rather than layers of fillers, you get a single piece of material that features the graphic encased in protective coating.\nSince the image is embedded in the wear layer, it is impossible to damage, tear, rip, distort, stain, or break. The material is impervious to normal wear and tear and will last the test of time.\nWhile all graphic floor options include a wear layer, none of them can quite match up to Bild's thickness. With the thickest wear-layer in the world of graphic flooring, Bild is the gold-standard of protection for your imaged floors.\nSince the Bild material is extruded as a single, solid and clear material, it can be laid as a solid sheet over the graphic. This means that a single flooring sheet can be laid in your area with very few seams and ultimate protection. At Bild, our floors are manufactured to be the best possible flooring that you can lay in your enclosure.\nAdditionally, Bild can be made in an absolute white under layer, which allows your image or logo to look more prominent on the sheet. Though the clear material is better for the customisable appeal, the absolute white material is just as strong and features the same ultimate protective benefits. The only difference between the two is your personal preference. Whatever custom image you want on your floor, Bild can provide it! With a bespoke printing process, the only limit to what you can have on your floor is your imagination. As an all-new way to advertise, decorate, and otherwise improve, Bild is the best option for absolutely any flooring situation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://gatewaybiosciences.com/product/chai-green-dye-20x/", "date": "2023-09-25T04:10:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00187.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8891092538833618, "token_count": 266, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__111222298", "lang": "en", "text": "Chai Green™ is a new DNA binding dye optimized for Real-Time PCR and High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis. It is significantly less inhibitory than SYBR Green because it binds primarily within the minor groove of DNA. Because of its lower inhibition, it may be used in higher concentrations resulting in increased fluorescence output, making it ideal for sensitive applications like HRM. The decreased PCR inhibition also decreases detection times in isothermal amplification applications.\nChai Green is compatible with all Real-Time PCR instruments supporting SYBR or FAM fluorophores, as its fluorescence spectrum is similar to SYBR Green. Dye binding appears to be cooperative and is influenced by the dye concentration and dye-to-basepair ratio.\nChai Green Fluorescence Spectrum\nThe fluorescence spectrum of Chai Green™ is similar to that of SYBR Green.\n- Thermally stable dye designed for qPCR, melt curve, and High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis\n- Perform HRM at 1X working concentration without inhibiting PCR\n- No detectable loss of fluorescence after 20 freeze/thaw cycles\n- Produces lower detection times when used in isothermal amplification\n- Compatible with fast PCR protocols\n- No change of melt temperature when used at higher concentrations", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://magnoliapanels.com/en/magnolia/", "date": "2019-05-26T09:14:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232259015.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20190526085156-20190526111156-00150.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8309881687164307, "token_count": 262, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__179886708", "lang": "en", "text": "MAGNOLIA 3D PANELS\n3D Tech to dress your wall\nMSD Panels, an enterprise with extensive experience in manufacturing polyester decorative panels, presents MAGNOLIA, a new modular system thought to create unique spaces by dressing your walls in 3D. Beauty and resistance in your place.\nMAGNOLIA panels are made of SMC (sheet moulding compound), an extremely light and resistant material used in automotive and health industries. For all these reasons, our panels have a guarantee of ten years.\nMAGNOLIA is inalterable to climate changes and UVA rays. For this reason, our panels are suitable for indoor and outdoor spaces.\n|Material||SMC (Sheet Moulding Compound)|\n|Size||4 Kg. / panel. Lighter than other coatings.|\n· Very resistant to shock and chemicals resistant.\n· Reaction to B-s2 and d0 fire.\n· Impermeable material, perfect for wet rooms.\n· Great thermal resistance (these panels do not contract or expand) and inalterable to climate changes and UVA rays.\n|Installation||· Indoor and outdoor\n· Suitable for wet rooms.\n|Guarantee||10 years of guarantee|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://pubgraphics.azurewebsites.net/category/how-to/page/2/", "date": "2021-11-27T04:55:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358118.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20211127043716-20211127073716-00040.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9446221590042114, "token_count": 584, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__154331048", "lang": "en", "text": "As a publisher you might be hearing a lot these days about PUR binding. And you may also be wondering whether it makes sense for your titles.\nSo what exactly is PUR? Polyurethane or “PUR adhesive” glue came along in the late 1980′s and was used in other industries such as furniture and automotive before being discovered as useful in book binding applications. Its main advantage, a lower freeze point and a higher melting point, has significant advantages, especially for publishers who ship books globally.\nToday PUR adhesive is gaining traction in the marketplace as publishers and consumers desire books that will keep the pages bound together more securely over the life time usage of the book. In fact, since installing its PUR binder over three years ago, PG now uses PUR adhesion for about 40% of its books — both hardcover and softcover.\nEven fans of Smythe binding, in which the signatures of the book are sewn together, are recognizing PUR’s value, and are moving over to it. According to an article in American Printer, (October, 2003), here are just a few benefits of PUR binding:\n- Lie-flat qualities\nWhen applied at its recommended thickness\n— 0.01 inch — PUR is considerably more flexible than standard EVA hot melts. This ability to lie flat when open allows for hands-free reading.\n- Heat and cold resistance\nPUR adhesive has a lower freeze point and a higher melting point than any other adhesive on the market. Books bound by PUR will not fail at extreme temperatures — even over 200°F or under -40°F. These properties were especially important to customers who send books globally where temperature extremes are commonplace.\n- Less wrinkling of backbone\nBinding cross-grained paper with standard hot melt adhesives causes considerable wrinkling in the book’s gutter area. PUR’s lower operating temperature, however, doesn’t drive paper moisture away from the backbone. PUR is also somewhat malleable as it cures, allowing the paper fibers to return to their original orientation.\n- Less “chip-out”\nSince PUR is applied at half the standard thickness of hot melt, there is much less chance for the material to build up on trimmer knives and nick the cover material during trimming.\n- Square backbone\nBecause only a small amount of PUR needs to be used for binding, less adhesive is squeezed out when the cover station and side clinchers attach the cover and form the back.\n- Cost savings\nOne of the most significant reasons for considering PUR adhesion is the cost savings. According to a study in Europe, binders can realize a cost savings of 30 percent to 40 percent by milling off the backbone of the folded signatures and then gluing them with PUR.*\n*from American Printer, October, 2003", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://theschaefergroup.com/", "date": "2018-02-19T05:53:53Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812405.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20180219052241-20180219072241-00148.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8755485415458679, "token_count": 230, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__98000189", "lang": "en", "text": "The Schaefer Furnace Division specializes in custom design, engineering and manufacturing of high quality, energy efficient melting and holding furnaces, molten metal transfer launders, crucible furnaces, dry hearth furnaces, transfer ladles, and low pressure casting furnaces with our molten metal valve and ingot casting line systems.\nThe Refractory Sales and Service Division (FWS, Inc.), concentrates on supplying high quality refractories to all industries. We stock a variety of refractory materials including ceramic fiber, monolithic refractories, dense & insulting firebrick, mortars & coatings mixers, block insulation, anchors, and furnace parts. Whether it’s a minor repair or a complete refractory installation, you can count on The Schaefer Group to provide the highest quality workmanship in the industry.\nDelta Control is an experienced systems designer of integrated control systems for industrial furnaces, chemical plants, wastewater treatment plants and any industry that requires a highly engineered system to control operations accurately, reliably and consistently. We design systems from single pumps to elaborate SCADA with PLCs & HMIs.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://shijiazhuangkuobond.buy.xxjcy.com/iz5f89f99-acetic-acid-glacial-images.html", "date": "2018-10-20T10:41:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512693.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020101001-20181020122501-00413.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6940057277679443, "token_count": 91, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__56056270", "lang": "en", "text": "Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid CAS No: 64-19-7 Molecular formula: C2H4O2 Appearance :Colorless transparent liquid, Melting point :16.635 Boiling point :117.9 The relative density: 1.0492 ...\nCopyright © 2009 - 2018 xxjcy.com. All rights reserved.\nRecommended Quality Verified Suppliers\nThank you! Your message has been sent to the following suppliers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ictcaribe.com/id185.html", "date": "2019-02-19T11:53:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247489933.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20190219101953-20190219123953-00193.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.859438955783844, "token_count": 120, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__210067012", "lang": "en", "text": "Innotech Stampable Overlay\nINNOTECH STAMPABLE OVERLAY is a single-component polymer modified, fiber-reinforced cementitious topping\nformulated for resurfacing structurally sound, non-moving interior and exterior concrete surfaces. This product is for use\nwith INNOTECH IMPRINTING TOOLS and can also be broom finished. INNOTECH STAMPABLE OVERLAY is generally applied at 3/8- to\n1/2-inch thickness and is used on commercial, residential, municipal, theme park, and industrial applications.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://techweave.com/geo-textile/", "date": "2024-04-23T22:41:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818835.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20240423223805-20240424013805-00406.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9138570427894592, "token_count": 554, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__102174228", "lang": "en", "text": "With advancements, our woven and non-woven geotextile fabrics have changed the way of execution and the utilization in various applications. Our geo fabrics offer useful, simple and cost-effective solutions for improving the performance of majority construction application be it pavement or soil. Geo textile fabric is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. Being as a leading manufacturer, exporter and supplier of Geo Textile Fabrics, our polymers and manufacturing processes result in an array of geotextiles suitable for a variety of civil construction applications.\nNon-woven Geo Textile Fabrics\nNon-woven geo textiles resemble felt and provide planar water flow. They are commonly known as filter fabrics, although woven monofilament geotextiles can also be referred to as filter fabrics. Typical applications for non-woven geo textiles include aggregate drains, asphalt pavement overlays and erosion control.\nWoven Geo Textile – Slit-film and Monofilament Geotextiles\nA woven geotextile is a planar textile structure produced by interlacing two or more sets of strands at right angles. There are two types of strands: slit films, which are flat; and monofilaments, which are round. Woven slit-film geo textiles are generally preferred for applications where high strength properties are needed and filtration requirements are less critical. These fabrics reduce localized shear failure in weak subsoil conditions and aid construction over soft subsoils. Woven monofilament geotextiles are preferred for applications where both strength and filtration are a concern, such as shoreline rip rap applications.\nGeotextile-related materials such as fabrics formed into mats, webs, nets, grids, or formed plastic sheets are not the same as geo textiles. These would fall under the more general category of geosynthetics\nGEO TEXTILE FABRIC FUNCTIONALITY\nGeotextiles provide strength and durability by separating a foundation or construction from underlying soil. For example, if pavement is laid on dirt, over time the lowest layer of the pavement will disassociate as the soil infiltrates the pavement. This leads to weaker pavement, reduced service life and greater maintenance costs.\nUsing a geotextile layer to separate the pavement from the ground helps maintain the structural integrity of the pavement over time. This is especially important in climates that undergo successive episodes of freezing and thawing. Geotextiles also help prevent the underlying soil from contamination, as well as the pavement from settling if the subgrade beneath the pavement sinks or shifts.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.crowncork.com/aerosol-cans", "date": "2017-03-27T06:48:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189462.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00209-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9268215894699097, "token_count": 146, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__306872744", "lang": "en", "text": "Every day, Crown helps global brands become leaders in their market segments with high quality metal aerosol packaging.\nAs the number one producer of tinplate aerosol cans in the world, we merge our unique decorating capabilities with the latest aerosol technologies to create packaging that meets rigorous industry requirements and consumers’ everyday needs and expectations.\nDemand for aerosol products is on the rise. With increasing awareness of the recyclability of steel aerosol containers, consumers are attracted by the format’s environmental benefits as well as its superior performance, ease of use and convenience. Equally important, in an increasingly crowded retail environment, aerosol packaging is a natural choice for brands to connect with consumers and differentiate their product lines.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.aithercommodities.com/commodities/raw-materials/cement-industry", "date": "2023-03-30T18:37:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949355.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330163823-20230330193823-00797.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9501491189002991, "token_count": 1039, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__46118137", "lang": "en", "text": "Cement is the most used construction material in the world. When cement is mixed with water, the resulting chemical reaction transforms this powder into solid rock that the builder can shape and mold. Due to this and other physical and chemical characteristics, this fine powder is often called the “magic powder.”\nJoseph Aspdin, an English bricklayer and stonemason, invented Portland Cement in 1824. The word Portland is neither a brand name nor trademark, it is a generic term used to describe the hydraulic property of cement. Aspdin was the first to formulate and get a patent for this cement. He called it “Portland” because the concrete made with this product resembled the color of the stone quarried on the Isle of Portland, a peninsula in the English Channel west of the Isle of Wight.\nClinker (95%) is cooled by air and subsequently ground with gypsum (5%) to form Ordinary Portland Cement (“OPC”). Other forms of cement require increased blending with other raw materials. Blending of clinker with other materials helps impart key characteristics to cement, which eventually govern its end use. Limestone is crushed to a uniform and usable size, blended with certain additives (such as iron ore and bauxite) and discharged on a vertical roller mill, where the raw materials are ground to fine powder. An electrostatic precipitator dedusts the raw mill gases and collects the raw meal for a series of further stages of blending. The homogenized raw meal thus extracted is pumped to the top of a preheater by airlift pumps. In the preheaters the material is heated to 750°C. Subsequently, the raw meal undergoes a process of calcination in a precalcinator (in which the carbonates present are reduced to oxides) and is then fed to the kiln. The remaining calcination and clinkerization reactions are completed in the kiln where the temperature is raised to between 1,450°C and 1,500°C. The clinker formed is cooled and conveyed to the clinker silo from which it is extracted and transported to the cement mills for producing cement. For producing OPC, clinker and gypsum are used and for producing Portland (Pozzolana) Cement (“PPC”), clinker, gypsum and fly ash are used. In the production of Portland Blast Furnace Stag Cement (“PSC”), granulated blast furnace slag from steel plants is added to clinker.\nFly ash is a fine grey powder consisting mostly of spherical glassy particles that are produced as a by-product in coal fired power stations. Fly ash has pozzalonic properties, meaning that it reacts with lime to form cementitious compounds. It is commonly known as a supplementary cementitious material. Fly ash significantly improves concrete performance in various ways and also provides many benefits in cement and non-cement applications. Thermal generating utilities produce coal fly ash. A light, airborne particulate that results from the combustion of pulverized coal, fly ash accounts for 70% to 85% of all coal ash produced. At present 88% of fly ash produced in Europe is recycled. (1999 ECOBA).\nKaolin is a soft white mineral that has an array of uses. It is most commonly found in the form of kaolin clay, a fine clay which was originally produced in China, which is why this clay is sometimes referred to as “China clay.” Among the many uses for this mineral are applications in the paper industry, medications, skincare products, porcelain and cosmetics. Sources of this mineral can be found all over the world, including the United States, China, Brazil, Australia, and parts of Eastern Europe. Mixed with cement it becomes natural kaolin.\nCoal is used as an energy source in the cement industry. Large amounts of energy are required to produce cement. Kilns usually burn coal in the form of powder and consume around 450g of coal for about 900g of cement produced. By-products generated from burning coal in coal-fired power plants such as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and flue gas desulphurization gypsum are also used in concrete production (source WCA). Fly ash can be used to replace cement in concrete.\nPetcoke is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. Its high heat and low ash content make it a good fuel for power generation in coal-fired boilers, but petroleum coke is high in sulphur and low in volatile content, which poses some environmental and technical problems in its combustion. Calcined petroleum coke is the product of calcining petcoke. This coke is the product of the coker unit in a crude oil refinery. The calcined petroleum coke is also used to make anodes for the aluminium, steel and titanium smelting industry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.altek-gmbh.de/293.html", "date": "2023-10-03T14:29:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511106.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003124522-20231003154522-00226.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8806560635566711, "token_count": 557, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__229416613", "lang": "en", "text": "3- and 5-Way\nFor both suction applications as well as for pressure applications. altek offers ball valves in the sizes 1¼”, 2” and 3”. They can be driven either manually or electrically.\nThe ball is made from wear resistant POM & Teflon with easy slyde properties. The sealing rings can be adjusted in the housing. Consequently, a safe sealing and functioning of the sprayer is secured for many years.\nOur uppermost maxime regarding the development of the balves is to satisfy the increasing lifetime requirements. We have optimized wear resistance and surface conditions by choosing a special material. Likewise, the wear resistance of the sealing rings was enhanced by a special contouring and thanks to the choice of material.\nOur balls made from POM have a significant weight advantage in comparison to steel balls at the same or even longer lifetime!\n- Compact design\n- High wear resistance\n- Ball bearing shaft\n- Special fittings on request\n- altek Plug-In System for 5-way Ball Valve 1 ¼\"\n- The 5-way Ball Valve 2\" allows hose diameters of up to 60 mm\nManual 5-Way Ball Valves\n- Individually adjustable seals*\n- High wear resistance\n- Retrofittable with electric drive**\n- On request: special connections\n* Not for KH3 Ball valves\n** Both for the KH2 (15bar) Ball valve and the KH3 Ball valve an update to the electric drive is not possible at the moment\nElectric 5-Way Ball Valves\nadditionally to the properties of the manual 5-way ball valves:\n- With optionally 1 or 2 turning directions\n- Positioning the ball via microswitch***\n- Integrated emergency control\n*** Optional: Positioning with Potentiometer\n5-Way Ball Valves SMART\n- The control of the ball valve is done via CAN bus, in case of failure this can also be operated manually\n- In the event of blockages or faults, corresponding error messages are sent to the controller\n- Diagnostic capability by output of operational data\n- In the event of a blockage or malfunction, integrated current protection prevents overloading the engine and transmission\nThe switching ball of the electric ball valve is moved via the control line.\nIn the SMART version, the ball valve communicates via the CAN bus.\n- Fluid inflow is on all ball valves from below.\n- The red shift lever shows the position of the shift ball with manual ball valves.\n- Through the sight glass in the cover, the red arrow indicates the ball position in the electric or SMART valve.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.moogaudio.com/en/all/studio-recording/skb-3i-0907-4-h5-iseries-case-for-zoom-h5-recorder", "date": "2020-06-04T23:48:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348492295.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604223445-20200605013445-00210.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7797859311103821, "token_count": 253, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__14854338", "lang": "en", "text": "The SKB iSeries Injection-Molded Case For The Zoom H5 Recorder is made of a high-strength polypropylene polymer resin and is designed to resist damage from ultraviolet light, solvents, corrosion, fungus, and impacts. It features a rubber overmolded cushion grip handle for carrying comfort, a continuous molded-in hinge that automatically equalizes ambient pressure, locking loops for adding a lock, SKB's patented \"trigger release\" latch system, and will form a complete gasket seal to make the case watertight.\nThe inside of the case features durable PE foam with space for the H5 recorder and an open pocket for accessories such as wind shields or the system's other modular microphone capsules.\nIn the Box:\n- SKB iSeries Injection-Molded Case For The Zoom H5 Recorder\n- Limited Lifetime Warranty\n|Base Depth||2.94\" / 7.47 cm|\n|Lid Depth||1.19\" / 3.02 cm|\n|Exterior Dimensions||10.73 x 9.69 x 4.8\" / 27.25 x 24.61 x 12.19 cm|\n|Weight||2.8 lb / 1.27 kg|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://eng.zmturbines.com/?rubs=press&prub=1245352916&part=1453731171", "date": "2017-06-23T13:40:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320063.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623133357-20170623153357-00088.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9393209218978882, "token_count": 286, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__20261264", "lang": "en", "text": "The company put into pilot production a new electron-beam welder KL-190. The equipment is designed and produced specifically for \"Zorya\"-\"Mashproekt\" by Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine.\nMost welded structures of the gas turbine engine at the enterprise are manufactured using electron beam welding (EBW). The new welder is designed for medium size parts welding. It performs welding of turbine and compressor discs into rotors or the so-called \"drums\". It will replace the technologically outmoded equipment and greatly improve welding process.\nKL-190 is equipped with an automated welding control system from the evacuating and till the actual welding. The unit has a welded joints monitoring system during the welding process and allows you to establish the so-called \"path teaching system\". It also has the ability to adjust the welding parameters operationally.\nIt is not the first experience of \"Zorya\" - \"Mashproekt\" cooperation with Paton Electric Welding Institute. In 2012 the company was put into operation EBW unit for large size parts welding. The unit has significantly reduced the time required for welding, as well as provided higher quality of welds.\nAlong with the modernization of the ELS park the Metallurgy Department of the enterprise develops new technological processes. So in 2015 the company started the 3D-printing complex.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://kaanas.com/products/avellana-basketweave-slide-colordescription-2", "date": "2023-05-28T12:41:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528114832-20230528144832-00736.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8967258334159851, "token_count": 123, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__216092447", "lang": "en", "text": "Leather is a durable and resistant material that adapts to the shape of the foot over time. The Avellana sandal is made with high-quality leather and has been designed to provide a soft and flexible feel at all times. Additionally, the neolite cushioned sole offers a comfortable and cushioned feel when walking.\n- Upper: Leather\n- Lining: Leather\n- Innersole: Leather\n- Sole: Neolite\nFit Comments: True to size. Half sizes should size up if regular-width or size down if narrow width", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mideatek.com/integration/products/bw-58mm-xs-pro-clear-mrc-nano-007-filter", "date": "2024-04-22T06:40:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818081.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422051258-20240422081258-00438.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8859626054763794, "token_count": 364, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__6385789", "lang": "en", "text": "The B+W 58mm XS-Pro Clear MRC-Nano 007 Filter is a simple, clear filter with a 1x filter factor and is designed to provide general protection for your lens. This optically clear filter does not affect overall image quality while helping to reduce dust, scratches, moisture, and other elements from damaging your lens. To prevent internal ghosting and reflections while providing over 99.8% light transmission, each glass surface includes multiple layers of anti-reflection coating. This Multi-Resistant Coating (MRC) also offers greater protection to the filter substrate and helps it to stay clean for longer than with uncoated filters. The Nano coating associated with XS-Pro filters provides an additional eighth layer over the MRC, resulting in an improved beading effect when in contact with water for greater cleaning efficiency.\nB+W filters are constructed from Schott glass for increased optical clarity and color fidelity. This filter features a thin brass filter ring to minimize the potential for vignetting while enhancing durability and jamming prevention. To further reduce the possibility of vignetting while using this filter, the filter ring's outside diameter is slightly larger than the actual thread size. This may prevent the use of some lens manufacturer bayonet hoods.\nGeneral protection filter reduces dust, moisture, and scratches from reaching lens elements.\nDoes not require adjustments to exposure while in use.\nMulticoated to prevent internal ghosting and reflections while providing over 99.8% light transmission.\nNano coating provides an improved beading effect with water for more efficient cleaning.\nCreates no additional coloration or contrast.\nConstructed from Schott glass for optical clarity.\nThin brass filter ring helps to prevent vignetting, jamming, and provides additional strength.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.c-clearantifog.com/collections/spray-bottles", "date": "2024-04-24T21:26:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00535.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8531713485717773, "token_count": 338, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__57807607", "lang": "en", "text": "C-Clear anti-fog spray works as a lens cleaner, an anti-fog, and anti-static spray for glass or plastic including polycarbonate lenses and sunglasses.\nC-Clear anti-fog is an ideal anti-fog product for safety glasses, eyeglasses, sports masks and goggles, military masks and face shields, glass tops, mirrors, and on auto and boat windshields.\nDon't stop there — use C-Clear anti-fog on PPE face shields and protective glasses, food sneeze guards, refrigerated doors and display cases. Lastly, it is an anti-static product that prevents debris and tiny dust particles from adhering to lenses, glass and plastic surfaces.\nDoes not harm the tint, anti-glare or protective coatings on prescription and non-prescription lenses\nNon-flammable. Non-hazardous. Non-toxic.\nDoes not contain silicone\nIs a \"Green Product\" — 100% biodegradable\nSpray bottles are recyclable\nGet OVER 200 applications from one 1 oz spray bottle\nPump the spray once for each lens, inside and outside of lens.\nLightly buff the lenses with a clean, dry lint free cloth (microfiber cloth) until dry.\nNote: C-Clear will not stop fogging 100% on Rx lenses with anti-reflective \"AR\" coating. It will help dissipate the fogging some. C-Clear GEL also helps prevent scratches by stopping dust particles from building up on the lens surface which cause scratches when wiped \"dry\" without C-Clear lens cleaner.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://gluons2galaxies.com/blog/boost-for-hydrogen-fuel-industry", "date": "2019-08-17T20:49:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027312025.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817203056-20190817225056-00531.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9486987590789795, "token_count": 172, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-35", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__1110123", "lang": "en", "text": "Researchers from the US Army Aberdeen Proving Ground Research Laboratory have stumbled upon a process for generating hydrogen that may reinvigorate the hydrogen fuel industry. While testing a high-strength aluminium alloy, they observed hydrogen gas bubbling on the surface of the alloy after water was poured over it. This is unusual, because aluminium exposed to water oxidises, creating a protective barrier that prevents further reactions from occurring. However, the reaction just kept producing hydrogen, taking less than three minutes to achieve almost 100 percent efficiency, and signals the possibility of an affordable, efficient source of hydrogen for fuel cells and other energy applications. The team was able to power a small remote-controlled tank using the process and is looking to undertake field-testing to ensure it works in a practical setting. To find out more go to Nano aluminium offers fuel cells on demand – just add water.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.smsenergetics.com/test-equipment/shipping-containers/", "date": "2018-05-21T22:28:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794864558.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180521220041-20180522000041-00392.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8838550448417664, "token_count": 446, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__24722951", "lang": "en", "text": "DOT-SP 8451 Shipping Containers\nDOT-SP 8451 was previously identified as DOT Exemption 8451 (DOT-E 8451). The DOT-SP 8451 special permit authorizes transportation of no more than 25 grams of explosive or pyrotechnic material (with an energy density not significantly greater than PETN) as Division 1.4E when packed in a special shipping container. SMS refers to them as \"shipping pipe assemblies\".\nAllowable shipping containers include 4-inch x 14-inch and 6-inch x 12- or 14-inch Schedule 80 seamless steel pipe nipples closed at both ends with appropriately-rated end caps. The pipe threads must be cut so that the caps can be hand screwed to a minimum of 5 threads.\nIn addition, this special permit states that these pipe containers must be contained within a cushioned UN 4G fiberboard box, 4C aluminum box, 4N metal (other than steel or aluminum) box, 1A2 removable head steel drum, 1B2 removal head aluminum drum, or 1N2 removable head metal (other than steel or aluminum) drum.\nSMS currently offers 4-inch x 14-inch and 6-inch x 14-inch seamless steel pipe containers with 3,000-pound end caps. The shipping containers may be purchased with a UN 4D plywood box as the containment package, which has been certified to UN Non-bulk Performance-oriented Packaging (POP) Standards. The containment package is equipped with retracting foam-padded handles and foam supports to support the pipe, as shown in the figure below. Containment packages and shipping container can be purchased as a set or individually.\nItems can be purchased by calling 801-567-0456 or at our online store\nCurrent pricing for these items is as follows:\n|4-inch x 14-inch long shipping pipe\n|UN 4D plywood box (for 4-inch pipe)\n|Complete 4-inch Container\n|6-inch x 14-inch long shipping pipe\n|UN 4D plywood box (for 6-inch pipe)\n|Complete 6-inch Container", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.bansaloverseas.net/herringbone-tweed-fabric-3332046.html", "date": "2021-06-25T13:46:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487630175.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210625115905-20210625145905-00045.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9477234482765198, "token_count": 123, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__95750810", "lang": "en", "text": "We have uniquely positioned ourselves as a dependable firm, engaged in manufacturing and supplying Herringbone Fabric\n. This fabric is highly cherished among clients owing to its properties such as alluring color, moisture wicking, breathable and lightweight. At our sound processing unit, we use best quality fibers and yarns to process this fabric. Offered fabric is well suited to be used for designing garments, sports and fitness wear. The color and texture of this fabric does not fade or change even after washing multiple times. In addition to this, clients can purchase offered Herringbone Fabric\nfrom us in various colors.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.superiorsteelsupply.us/web/", "date": "2017-03-29T03:08:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218190181.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212950-00649-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9512746334075928, "token_count": 121, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-13__0__223910653", "lang": "en", "text": "Superior Steel Supply, LLC was founded in 2000 by Chris Reid. Superior Steel Supply, LLC currently has 28 employees that have a combined experience in the steel industry of over 150 years. The company sells flat rolled carbon steel in the form of master coil, slit coil, sheet steel, bar, and plate. The company specializes in hot rolled, pickled and oiled, cold rolled, galvanized, galvanealed and aluminized Steel. Superior Steel Supply, LLC stocks approximately 25,000 tons of inventory from 1” down to 22 gauge. Superior Steel deals in truck load quantities.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://villanailsalon.com/beauty/nails/tips/is-nail-glue-super-glue/", "date": "2024-02-27T03:34:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474670.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227021813-20240227051813-00533.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9244741797447205, "token_count": 1930, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__129103920", "lang": "en", "text": "Is Nail Glue Super Glue? This question often surfaces when one delves into the world of adhesives and nail care. Both are powerful bonding agents, yet their composition, purpose, and effects can differ greatly. As the demand for DIY nail treatments has surged, so has the curiosity about the right products to use. Understanding the differences between these two glues is not only vital for achieving the desired results but also for ensuring the safety and health of one’s nails. Let’s delve into the nuances that set these two apart.\nIs Nail Glue Super Glue?\nNo, nail glue is not the same as super glue. They are different types of adhesives with distinct formulations and intended uses. Nail glue is specifically designed for bonding artificial nails or repairing natural nails and is safe for use on the skin. Super glue, on the other han\nWhat is Nail Glue?\nNail glue is crafted primarily for cosmetic purposes, making it an essential tool for bonding artificial nails or fixing a nail break. At its core lies cyanoacrylate, a powerful adhesive component that forms a strong bond. However, nail glue stands apart from super glue in its formulation, as it includes additives that enhance its bonding power and cater to the delicate nature of our nails. These additional components serve to make nail glue safer for skin contact and, in some cases, even promote nail health. By choosing nail glue, you can trust that your nails are not only stylishly enhanced but also cared for with utmost gentleness.\n- Formulation: Nail glue typically contains cyanoacrylate as its primary adhesive component, just like super glue. However, what sets it apart is the addition of other ingredients, such as citric acid and benzoyl isopropanol, which enhance its bonding power and make it safer for skin contact.\n- Gentle on Nails: The additional ingredients in nail glue help maintain the health of natural nails, reducing the risk of damage during the application and removal process.\n- Removability: Nail glue is formulated to be easier to remove from the skin compared to super glue. This is especially important when applying artificial nails, as accidental contact with the skin can happen during the bonding process.\nWhat is Super Glue?\nFor quick fixes and repairs around the house, super glue has earned its reputation as a reliable adhesive. Composed primarily of 100% cyanoacrylate, super glue boasts unparalleled strength in creating bonds. However, this simple yet potent formulation also means that super glue lacks the gentler additives found in nail glue. Consequently, while super glue excels in general repairs, it may not be the ideal choice for the subtle requirements of nail care. Understanding the differences between these adhesives allows you to choose wisely when faced with nail emergencies or DIY projects around the house.\n- Pure Cyanoacrylate: Super glue consists mainly of pure cyanoacrylate without any additional ingredients that cater to the delicate nature of nails or skin. This high concentration of adhesive contributes to its remarkable bonding strength.\n- Industrial Strength: Its fast-curing and strong bonding properties make super glue the go-to adhesive for heavy-duty applications in manufacturing and repairs.\n- Skin Sensitivity: Super glue can be harsh on human skin, leading to potential skin irritations and adverse reactions. It should be handled with care and kept away from direct contact with the skin.\nNail Glue Vs. Super Glue: A Head-to-Head Comparison\n|Tailored for nail-related use\n|Versatile for non-skin bonding applications\n|Safe for external skin use\n|Caution: Should not be applied to skin\n|Precise bonding for nails\n|Strong and rapid bonding for various materials\n|Easier and safer removal from skin\n|More challenging removal from skin\n|Slightly more expensive\n|Generally more affordable\nFormula Dynamics: The Essence Within\nBoth nail glue and super glue share cyanoacrylate as their primary adhesive ingredient, but it’s their respective formulas that influence their behavior. Nail glue, with its unique blend of additional components, is formulated to adjust its viscosity, making it more user-friendly for nail applications. Moreover, these added ingredients contribute to its safety, ensuring a gentler impact on the skin.\nIn contrast, super glue’s undiluted strength may make it less suitable for prolonged skin contact, making it a more suitable choice for industrial repairs rather than nail care. By understanding the dynamics of their formulas, you can make an informed choice when it comes to selecting the right adhesive for your specific needs.\nDurability and Resilience: The Strength Contest\nSuper glue’s claim to fame is its unbeatable strength, and it has proven its worth in numerous tough bonding tasks. However, this immense strength does come with a caveat: it can be vulnerable when exposed to water. Water weakens super glue’s bond, making it less ideal for applications that involve frequent water contact, such as nail extensions.\nIn contrast, nail glue’s formulation is specifically tailored to withstand daily encounters with water, ensuring that your stunning nail extensions or repairs last longer. So, while both adhesives are formidable in their own right, nail glue emerges as the graceful contender that can stand up to the tests of time, water, and daily wear.\nApplication: Nail Glue vs. Super Glue\nNail glue is specifically formulated with nail applications in mind. Its composition is designed to cater to the delicate nature of nails and provide a secure bond between artificial nails (e.g., acrylics, gels, press-ons) and natural nails. This makes it the ideal choice for those seeking flawless and long-lasting manicures. Its precise formulation ensures that it adheres well to nail surfaces without causing any harm to the nails or surrounding skin.\nIn contrast, super glue boasts versatility in various non-skin related applications. Its powerful bonding properties make it suitable for quick repairs and strong bonds on materials like metal, plastic, wood, and more. While it excels in providing robust bonds outside the realm of nail care, it’s crucial to exercise caution when using super glue on human skin, as it can lead to skin irritations and adverse reactions.\nSafety: Nail Glue vs. Super Glue\nNail glue is specially formulated to be safe for external use on the skin, making it a suitable choice for nail applications. The presence of gentle additives, such as citric acid and benzoyl isopropanol, contributes to its skin-friendly nature. This added safety factor ensures that nail enthusiasts can achieve their desired nail looks without worrying about skin irritations or discomfort.\nConversely, super glue should not be applied directly to the skin due to its high concentration of pure cyanoacrylate, which can cause skin irritations and reactions. This adhesive is intended for non-skin applications, and users must handle it with care to avoid any accidental contact with their skin.\nNail glue is formulated to be easier to remove from the skin, providing a safer and less painful removal process. When it’s time to remove artificial nails or repair work, a gentle soak in acetone can dissolve the nail glue bond without causing harm to the natural nail or surrounding skin.\nSuper glue’s strong and resilient bond can make its removal from the skin more challenging. Removing super glue from skin may require more effort and care to avoid any damage or discomfort. It’s essential to use the appropriate removal techniques to minimize potential skin irritation.\nWhen considering cost, nail glue may be slightly more expensive than super glue due to its specialized formulation and nail-specific additives. However, the slight price difference is justified by the benefits it provides, ensuring a safe and effective adhesive for nail applications. For non-skin related bonding needs, super glue’s versatility and affordability make it an excellent choice.\nIs super glue stronger than nail glue?\nSuper glue is generally stronger than nail glue.\nCan super glue be used as a substitute for nail glue?\nWhile super glue can be used as a substitute for nail glue, it may not be skin-friendly and could cause damage or irritation.\nWhat alternatives exist for nail glue?\nAlternatives to nail glue include double-sided nail tapes, nail adhesive tabs, and brush-on adhesive.\nHow long does super glue stay on nails?\nSuper glue can last on nails for several days, but its duration may vary based on activity and exposure to water.\nIs nail glue water-resistant?\nMany nail glues are water-resistant but not all are completely waterproof.\nIs super glue water-resistant?\nSuper glue is typically water-resistant, and some formulas are waterproof.\nIn comparing nail glue and super glue, while both adhesives have their strengths, they serve distinct purposes. Super glue tends to be stronger, but may not be skin-friendly and could cause potential damage to the nail or surrounding skin. Nail glue, on the other hand, is formulated specifically for nail applications, offering a balance between adhesion and safety for skin contact. It’s crucial to choose the right adhesive for your nail needs. To dive deeper into the world of nail care and get more insights on this topic, read more on the Villa Nail Salon blog.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://thxs.net/2/cases/14.html", "date": "2022-08-20T00:29:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573849.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819222115-20220820012115-00429.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9244880080223083, "token_count": 174, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__140548664", "lang": "en", "text": "Designed to last.\nA Mac is designed for a long, productive life. Apple designers and engineers spend countless hours ensuring that each Mac is precisely built — inside and out. From the down-to-the-micron fit of each internal component to the finish of the enclosure, every detail matters. Take MacBook Air, for example. Its unibody enclosure is machined from a solid block of aluminum. The result is a notebook that is thin and light, looks polished and refined, and feels strong and durable.\nBorn to perform.\nTo make a better computer, only quality components and materials will do. That’s why every Mac contains storage technology, memory, a graphics processor, even a power supply specifically chosen to give you the best performance possible. And materials like aluminum and glass keep all those high-performance components safe and sound.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://diamantek.ee/en/materials/material-maintenance/", "date": "2023-02-03T10:00:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500044.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230203091020-20230203121020-00486.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9199318289756775, "token_count": 585, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__23654830", "lang": "en", "text": "WHAT MAKES OUR HANDLES SO IMPERVIOUS TO CORROSION?\nWe make our door handles from stainless steel. Our material of choice is AISI 304 steel, which consists of:\n- 18% chromium,\n- 8 – 9% nickel,\n- the rest being mainly steel.\nThis type of material withstands corrosion (rusting) when exposed to both air and fresh water – i.e., ordinary use.\nCorrosion can be caused when water contains salt, chlorine or acidic substances. Handles for use in such aggressive conditions are made from stainless steel with a molybdenum alloying agent. Called AISI 316, it is corrosion-resistant in saline, chlorine and acidic environments.\nAlloying agents make the metal stronger\nBy using the right steel in the handle, we can keep the product from rusting in most environments. Stainless steel owes its special properties come from chromium, which should account for at least 12% of the total mass. In such items, a thin layer of chromium oxide invisible to the eye forms on the surface of the steel, protecting the metal from corrosion. If the oxide layer is lost, a new protective layer forms immediately thanks to the oxygen in the air.\nBesides chromium, metals like nickel and molybdenum also add more corrosion resistance. Stainless steel’s ability to withstand corrosion is greater at a higher chromium, nickel and molybdenum content.\nIn the final phase of producing the handles, we treat the surfaces with a passivator, a compound that increases resistance to corrosion from the moment the product comes out of the plant.\nWhat should be avoided?\nPatches of rust may appear on stainless steel handles in the following cases:\n- the surface is exposed to a significantly more aggressive environment than the one for which the steel in the specific category was intended. This effect is associated with heavily polluted air, saline solutions or residues of chlorine-containing cleaning products;\n- the surface of the handles is polished, which allows corrosive substances from the surrounding environment and carbon steel particles to stick to the surface;\n- The material’s surface has been marred by dust from polishing and other metal particles from tools used in the installation process;\n- Ordinary carbon steel details were used to fasten the handles;\n- the stainless steel comes into contact with components made of ordinary carbon steel in a wet or moist environment.\nIn the first three situations, the risk of corrosion is greater if the steel alloy has a low nickel and molybdenum content. The risk of corrosion can be significantly reduced by using AISI 316 stainless steel, which has extra molybdenum in it.\nIn the last three cases, the stainless steel surface is marred by rust from ordinary carbon steel.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.mgprecision.jp/resources/glossary-of-die-casting-terms.html", "date": "2024-04-14T23:36:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816904.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414223349-20240415013349-00606.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8784169554710388, "token_count": 468, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__83082482", "lang": "en", "text": "ADCI. The “American Die Casting Institute,” a trade association serving the die casting industry by providing statistical, marketing, technical, and management programs.\nAlignment System. A set of pins, bushings, blocks, and wear plates that work together and cause the two die halves to align properly.\nAlloy. A substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal and a non-metal. The alloy elements are dissolved in each other when molten and fused together when a solid. Most die castings are made from alloys.\nAlloy, Certified Zinc. A program implemented by the ADCI in which participating die casting companies regularly have their zinc die castings tested to certify they are maintaining the correct alloy content.\nAluminum. A light silvery metal that is used as the major constituent in may die casting alloys. Anodize. A chemical process using an electric current in a solution to produce a hard and dense oxide protective surface on a part.\nAs-Cast. The condition of a die casting when the runners, flash, and overflows have been removed, but no surface finishing, machining, or coating operations have been performed.\nAuto-Ladle. A mechanical metal feeding delivery device usually attached to a cold chamber die casting machine, or a part of a furnace system.\nAutomatic Operation. An expression used to describe a die casting machine that operates continuously without an operator initiating each cycle, lading the molten metal, or removing the casting.\nBenching. The hand finishing of die casting die cavity surfaces.\nBiscuit. The excess of ladled metal that remains in the shot sleeve on a cold chamber die casting machine. The biscuit is part of the cast shot and is removed from the die with the casting.\nBlister. A casting defect characterized by a smooth bump on the surface of the casting and a hole inside the casting directly below the bump.\nBlow. The physical opening of the die casting die when the internal force of the shot exceeds the locking force of the machine. The “blow” causes flash and excessive casting thickness.\nCastibility. The relative ease that a molten metal flows through a casting die. More generally, the relative ease that a casting can be made with a particular alloy.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.pharmavoice.com/news/3d-bioprinting/613206/", "date": "2022-08-16T22:38:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00751.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9428038001060486, "token_count": 2636, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__36773680", "lang": "en", "text": "Three-dimensional printing is no longer simple plastic prototypes. Today, 3-D printers can produce fully functional components, including complex mechanisms, batteries, transistors, and LEDs. 3D printing — also known as additive manufacturing — is the process of making three-dimensional solid objects from digital computer models. Following computer-generated drawings, 3D printers generally “print\" layers of materials to build a physical object from the bottom up. The process is used in a range of fields, from producing crowns in a dental lab to rapid prototyping of aerospace, automotive, and consumer goods.\nMore recently, the technology is being used in the production of patient-specific orthopedic and cranial implants, a number of which have received U.S. and EU regulatory approval. Now pharma and biotech companies are looking at how 3D cell cultures and 3D printing can be used in drug development.\nVisiongain analysts predict that bioprinting will be an important subsector of the 3D printed products industry. A report by Visiongain forecasts the world market for 3D printing in the healthcare industry will be $4.04 billion in 2018, up from $1.26 billion in 2013, with growth seen in the orthopedic area.\nAccording to PwC, the 3D printing area will advance through loosely coordinated development in three areas: printers and printing methods, software to design and print, and materials used in printing.\n3D Printing for Bone Replacement\nOne company working in the orthopedic space is Tissue Regeneration Systems. The company has a technology platform for skeletal reconstruction and bone regeneration that was licensed from the Universities of Michigan and Wisconsin.\nJim Fitzsimmons, president and CEO of Tissue Regeneration Systems, says there are two key parts of the technology platform.\n“That first part is an ability to use 3D printing manufacturing to construct complex implant scaffolds from a biosorbable material called PCL,\" he says. “These implants are intended to replace missing bone. They are porous because the intent is for bone to grow in and through the scaffold. Over time, the scaffold goes away because it is bioresorbable.\"\nThe technology allows for patient-specific implants. The company can take an imaging study that shows the exact shape and geometry of the missing bone.\n“We can turn this image into an engineering drawing that drives the creation of a custom implant that is a perfect fit for what bone is missing,\" Mr. Fitzsimmons says. “The implant is porous which allows the bone a place to grow. We have been able to engineer these open spaces so that the implant can bear load, which is a novel attribute for these implants.\"\nThe second part of the technology is a process to grow a bone mineral coating on the surfaces of the implant and internal pores. It transforms a polymer implant into an implant whose surface areas are bone-like, which becomes a much better substrate for bone growth and attachment to the implant.\n“A patient’s bone will start forming and growing into and throughout the implant scaffold,\" Mr. Fitzsimmons says. “Adherence, growth, and attachment are more robust when the bone thinks it is attaching to bone.\"\nTissue Regeneration Systems received approval in 2013 from the FDA for cranial applications of this technology. The company also has an alliance with Johnson & Johnson Innovation to develop the technology for orthopedic trauma applications.\n“Our business model is to develop products in partnership with larger corporate partners,\" Mr. Fitzsimmons says. “Once developed, the products are taken to market by our partners and we are the supplier of the product. Our first major partnership is with J&J’s DePuy Synthes group. We’re in discussions with other prospective partners as well.\"\nBioprinting for Pharma Applications\nResearchers at several biotech companies and universities have begun working with 3D cell cultures and bioprinting to advance pharmaceutical applications in drug research and development.\nOrganovo is credited with developing the first commercial 3D bioprinting technology platform. The company’s goal is to build living human tissues that are proven to function like native tissues. Organovo’s near-term applications are to develop functional 3D human tissues for drug discovery and toxicology testing. The technology is able to create, without the use of scaffolding, 3D anatomically correct tissues with integrated microvasculature.\nIn April, the company presented data on in vitro 3D kidney tissue. For the first time, fully human kidney proximal tubular tissues were presented that were generated from 3D technology and that consist of multiple tissue-relevant cell types arranged to recapitulate the renal tubular/interstitial interface. The tissues are fabricated using Organovo’s NovoGenT bioprinting platform, and join the company’s exVive3D liver tissues, expanding the repertoire of physiologically relevant tissue systems available for toxicity and efficacy testing as well as disease modeling.\nOrganovo’s bioprinting process centers around the identification of key compositional elements of a target tissue. Once a tissue design is established, the first step is to develop the bioprocess protocols required to generate the multi-cellular building blocks — also called bio-ink — from the cells that will be used to build the target tissue.\nThe bio-ink building blocks are then dispensed from a bioprinter, using a layer-by-layer approach that is scaled for the target output. Bio-inert hydrogel components may be used as supports, as tissues are built up vertically to achieve three-dimensionality, or as fillers to create channels or void spaces within tissues to mimic features of native tissue. The bioprinting process can be tailored to produce tissues in a variety of formats, from micro-scale tissues contained in standard multi-well tissue culture plates, to larger structures suitable for placement onto bioreactors for biomechanical conditioning before use.\n“Our printer places little ‘blocks’ of cells — a tenth of a millimeter — into specific regions so that we can recreate in layers the different tissues,\" says Keith Murphy, CEO of Organovo. “The goal is to replicate the normal function in the body. For a number of tissues now, we have demonstrated success.\"\nMr. Murphy says the company’s technology recreates the environment in the body, which provides a much larger working area compared with a petri dish, which limits the size of the cells that can be used.\n“In our hands, we can create a native environment and allow the cells that would normally stop growing to develop the signals needed in the body,\" he says. “By allowing the cells to be surrounded by one another as well as other cell types, rather than sticking to the plastic surface of a petri dish, we can evaluate a number of different factors.\"\nMr. Murphy says, for example, pharmaceutical companies are using these tissues for toxicology testing.\n“Using a disease model or a liver model made of human living cells outside the body should be better than animal models in most cases,\" he says. “In the short term, we don’t expect to replace the traditional studies in terms of FDA expectations for liver toxicity, but as the FDA reviews more data, regulators may rely on bioprinted tissues. It’s possible that sponsors could cut the number of animal studies and use the human data in conjunction to complete a toxicology package.\"\nAnother opportunity that Organovo is pursing is full disease modeling.\n“For example, in a breast cancer model, we can build a 3D tissue that can be used to discover drugs to show their efficacy rather than safety,\" Mr. Murphy says.\nOrganovo executives suggest that within a decade, they will be able to print solid organs such as liver, heart, and kidney.\nRoche is one company that is investigating whether 3D cell cultures can have an application in development, specifically in drug safety. The company is now reviewing data from a collaboration with Organovo to look at whether 3D cell structures of the liver can be used to assess toxicity.\nTo test this technology and see how Roche could apply it to drug safety testing, the company sent Organovo a blinded compound, which either did or didn’t bear safety liabilities in the liver of treated patients. The data showed that the liver cells created from Organovo’s 3D bioprinting technology were able to correctly identify the one compound that had safety concerns, says Adrian Roth, Ph.D., head of mechanistic safety, pharmaceutical science, at Roche.\n“We are not yet finished analyzing the data, but we find this approach promising,\" he says. “We have a strong interest in finding more human-relevant cellular models to increase patient safety and to replace animal testing. We would like to develop models that allow us to better estimate the human response to drugs. We know that conventional cell cultures only poorly reflect the in vivo situation. We want to be able to make the right decisions to move the most safe and efficacious drugs further into development.\"\nDr. Roth says using 3D human cells for safety testing has the potential to lower overall costs by reducing the number of animal studies required.\n“We don’t want to learn about safety issues after we’ve run dozens of animal studies,\" he says. “Rather, there is the potential to use 3D cells for dosing with the most favorable properties in an early stage.\"\nAnother company, Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, has a 3D printing platform for manufacturing easy-to-swallow and quick-dissolving medications. This process stitches together multiple layers of powdered medication using an aqueous fluid to produce a porous, water-soluble matrix that rapidly disperses with a sip of water.\nIn October 2014, the company filed an NDA with the FDA for its first product using its proprietary ZipDose technology. Using the 3DP technology as a catalyst, Aprecia created a novel manufacturing system to produce fast-melt formulations of medicines that exceed the disintegration speed and dose-load capacity of products made by other fast-melt technologies. Aprecia holds an exclusive license from MIT for pharmaceutical applications of the 3DP technology.\nAprecia plans to introduce new ZipDose products in the coming years, focusing first on the CNS therapeutic area, where there is a need for medicines that are easier to take.\nPharma companies are not the only organizations investigating the potential uses of 3D technology; universities are also getting into the act. At the Wyss Institute at Harvard, for example, Professor Jennifer Lewis’ research group is using a sacrificial ink to print smaller channels, tens to hundreds of micrometers in diameter. Lewis Group researchers are using printed biological tissue interwoven with a complex network of blood vessels. To do this, the researchers had to make “inks\" out of various types of cells and the materials that form the matrix supporting them.\nOther Methods for 3D Cell Cultures\nThe goal of Nano3D Biosciences is to create 3D cell cultures for toxicity testing, drug discovery applications, and high throughput drug discovery. The company’s approach relies on magnetizing cells. A biocompatible magnet is applied in two ways to assemble micro tissue. Using magnetic levitation, the magnetic nanoparticles attach to the cells, carry them off the bottom of a petri dish, and bring them together to create a 3D structure.\n“An advantage of our technology is that we can bring the cells together and assemble them quickly,\" says Glauco Souza, Ph.D., president and CSO at Nano3D Biosciences. “Usually, we use levitation for larger-scale generation of tissue with a single culture or a 24-well plate.\"\nDr. Souza says traditional cell cultures are 2D and when put in a petri dish will grow flat. When cells are grown in a flat environment, half of the cells are in contact with a plastic surface.\n“The 3D environment and the cell-to-cell interaction is key for generating a predictive tissue model of toxicity and drug discovery,\" he says. “We believe our model can be a surrogate for animal studies and can reduce the use of animals.\"\nNano3D also has a process it calls magnetic bioprinting. The same magnetic nanoparticles are used to levitate the cells, but in this application, the company applies a small magnetic film to assemble the tissue.\n“With this method, we can make shapes in a very small space,\" Dr. Souza says. (PV)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://soi-paris.com/a/l/en/products/jupe-boutonnee-en-lyocell-denim", "date": "2020-09-29T21:03:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402088830.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200929190110-20200929220110-00484.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9450823664665222, "token_count": 119, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__51281624", "lang": "en", "text": "your product has been reserved in our shop for 48 hours\na technical error occurred, please try again later.\nDetails & Finishes\nA midday length.\nPretty buttons covered with printed fabric.\nA slit that subtly reveals your legs.\nTencel is an ecological fibre created from wood pulp. It is a biodegradable fabric that uses no chemicals and has a low water and pesticide content. Certified by the Forest Stewardship Council, Tencel guarantees responsible and sustainable forest management. In addition to being environmentally friendly, this material is also extremely hard-wearing.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.mauricesedwell.com/articles2/2016/9/1/wool-for-all-weathers", "date": "2019-09-18T11:23:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573284.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918110932-20190918132932-00128.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9515911936759949, "token_count": 310, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__114738111", "lang": "en", "text": "On a warm day none of us instinctively reaches for wool. The very sound of it makes us think of wrapping up for crisp winter days.\nBut did you know pure wool has exceptional thermal qualities that make you feel cool when it’s hot and warms you on a winter’ day. Pure wool has almost magical properties for the sartorially concerned. 100% natural, it is a renewable, biodegradable and the ultimate versatile all-weather cloth.\nOur Master Tailor Andrew Ramroop explains, \"Wool is durable and comfortable and stretches with movement which makes it very comfortable to wear.”\nIn fact, it is a natural insulator which also has incredible resistance to tearing, natural elasticity, and the ability to keep its shape. In the summer it’s excellent odour reduction properties can come into their own, and it can absorb moisture without feeling wet.\nIn short, it’s the ideal material for the world’s best Master Tailors here on Savile Row.\n“As every suit is hand-made at Maurice Sedwell,” Andrew Ramroop continues, “the suit starts its life as a flat piece of cloth to be created for a human figure; We cut and mould the cloth into a three-dimensional form to look smooth and stylish. Pure wool has the qualities to be moulded successfully.\"\nBy way of inspiration, we share with you here some Maurice Sedwell designs which are highly suitable for pure wool.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://trimedortho.com/biomechanical-comparison-of-4-different-lateral-plate-constructs-for-distal-fibula-fractures/", "date": "2023-10-01T11:33:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510888.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001105617-20231001135617-00054.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9335027933120728, "token_count": 445, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__214514593", "lang": "en", "text": "Background: Displaced lateral malleolar fractures are often treated with reduction and surgical stabilization. However, there has not been a comprehensive laboratory comparison to determine the most appropriate device for treating these patients. This study subjected a range of contemporary lateral fibular plates to a series of mechanical tests designed to reveal performance differences.\nMethods: Forty fresh frozen lower extremities were divided into 4 groups. A Weber B distal fibula fracture was simulated with an osteotomy and stabilized using 1 of 4 plate systems: a standard Synthese one-third tubular plate with an interfragmentary lag screw, a Synthes LCP locking plate with a lag screw, an Orthohelix MaxLock Extreme low-profile locking plate with a lag screw, or a TriMed Sidewinder nonlocking plate. Controlled monotonic bending and cyclic torsional loading were applied and bending stiffness, torsional stiffness, and fracture site motion were quantified. Resistance to cyclic torsional loading was determined by quantifying the number of loads withstood before excessive rotation occurred. Correlation between bone mineral density and each of the mechanical measures was determined.\nResults: There was no difference in angulation or bending stiffness between plates. All plates except the LCP showed greater lateral deflection than in the other bending directions. Bending stiffness was lowest in lateral distal fragment deflection for all 4 plates. There was a positive correlation between bone mineral density and bending stiffness for all plate types. There was no difference in fracture site rotation between plate types in internal or external torsion, but internal rotation for the distal fragment consistently exceeded external rotation. Torsional stiffness in external rotation exceeded stiffness in internal rotation in nearly all specimens. LCP plates performed relatively poorly under cyclic torsion.\nConclusions: Significant differences in plate performance were not demonstrated. The effects of bone quality variability and differences in interfragmentary screw purchase resulted in data dispersion that confounded the absolute ranking of plate performance.\nClinical Relevance: Identification of an optimal lateral fibular plating system has the potential to improve the clinical outcome of malleolar fracture fixation, particularly when patient conditions are unfavorable.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.ytshengyimachinery.com/index.asp", "date": "2013-06-18T05:00:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706934574/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122214-00030-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.925535261631012, "token_count": 228, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__198736794", "lang": "en", "text": "Yantai Shengyi Machinery Co., Ltd is located in Laizhou , Yantai city, Shandong province, China. We produce and sale all kinds of castings for machinery parts, casting materials include cast iron (grey iron, ductile iron, alloy cast iron), carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel etc. We are a professional exporter in China for kinds of castings and machined products. Our products exported to Europe, USA, Canada, Russia, Australia, Korea, Japan and other countries.\nWe produce our casting products using coated sand casting process and lost wax casting process. Our casting products have good surface roughness, high dimensional accuracy and good quality. Our casting products win high praise from our customers, and we won the trust from our customes.\nWe have good products development capability. We can provide a fast development and production for casting products and machined products according to the drawings and samples from customers. We can fully meet the requirements from customers.\nWe sincerely welcome you to send your inquire to us, and we hope to build a long term business relationship with you.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mellowmove-clothing.com/sustainability/", "date": "2023-10-03T07:24:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511055.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20231003060619-20231003090619-00340.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9369585514068604, "token_count": 933, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__226674970", "lang": "en", "text": "Ecological and Social Responsibility\nResponsible production, a lasting relationship based on respect. We believe that fair trade and sustainable development are natural: respecting your skin with soft materials; respecting the men and women who make your clothes with dignified working conditions; and respecting the world that we live in by limiting our impact on the environment.\nOur Materials and Environmental Certifications\nWe favour organic or recycled materials that care for your skin and the environment. Our entire production chain benefits from the strictest environmental certifications and labels in the market.\nMost of our clothing is made from 100% organic cotton. Organic cotton is a natural, GMO-free fibre that uses less water than standard cotton. In addition, its production does not involve the use of chemicals (no fertilisers or pesticides) and encourages rotation of crops to keep soil healthier, more fertile and maintain humidity. Waste from the cotton ginning process is also recycled for the animal feed industry.\nGOTS is the Global Organic Textile Standard label. The strictest certification for textiles made from organic fibres. GOTS tracks the entire chain of production from farm to factory: from harvesting of the cotton, weaving of fibres, assembly of items, to the final product before printing, including even the export of our clothing! It certifies that Stanley/Stella cotton is GMO-free and is grown without the use of chemicals and is processed and dyed without using any banned toxic substances.\nGOTS also ensures compliance with the labour standards of the International Labour Organisation throughout the chain of production.\nTencel and Modal\nTencel® and Modal® are biodegradable and made from eucalyptus or beech tree pulp. Eucalyptus is known for being a fast-growing wood that does not require irrigation. The Tencel manufacturing process has received the “European Award for the Environment” from the European Union due to its low emissions.\nOur cellulose fibres are sourced exclusively from the Austrian manufacturer Lenzing, the first fibre manufacturer to have received the EU Ecolabel, which promotes environmental excellence.\nLinen is a tough natural fibre that is extremely “eco-friendly”. It can be grown without the use of either chemicals or irrigation. Natural precipitation is all that it requires. In addition, each plant also absorbs a large quantity of carbon.\nRecycled polyester is used to make windcheater jackets and as a complement (up to 15%) to organic cotton in some of our sweatshirts. One windcheater jacket enables the recycling of between 7 and 8 PET plastic bottles. And to ensure that our sweatshirts are nice and soft against your skin, it is never in direct contact with the polyester, which is sandwiched between two layers of organic cotton.\nThe Global Recycled Standard label certifies that the materials used are recycled: in the case of polyester, from plastic bottles, and for cotton, from cutting waste. GRS also guarantees compliance with social and environmental criteria such as treatment of waste water, the absence of certain toxic additives and respect for working conditions in our partner factories.\nThe cutting of different pieces to make our products naturally produces scrap material. Since the idea of throwing this material away is out of the question, we have a partner who collects and recycles it into new cotton thread that we use in the manufacture of our tote bags.\nYou can’t buy trust. It has to be earned. OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certifies the absence of harmful chemical substances in all our products thanks to the “Confidence in textile” label. An independent testing and certification system that ensures that all raw, semi-finished and finished textile products are processed in a way that prioritises:\n- The precautionary principle, which prohibits certain potentially harmful substances even where they are not (yet) legally banned\n- The absence of chemical substances that are harmful to health and the environment\n- A restriction on the lead content of dyes\nWe are also proud to announce that our products PETA certified. This means that we do not conduct or commission any animal tests on ingredients, formulations, or finished products and pledge never to do so. On top of this, our apparel is made from 100% vegan materials so you can be confident that no harm came to anyone during its creation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://blog.1stel.com/summer-heat-upgrade-fiber/", "date": "2019-12-14T04:24:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540584491.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20191214042241-20191214070241-00514.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9107341170310974, "token_count": 594, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__79295689", "lang": "en", "text": "Summer Heat – Another Compelling Reason Small Businesses Should Upgrade to Fiber\nHeat does interesting things to everything it touches. For example, it damages the finish on our vehicles, devastates the landscape foliage, evaporates the water in our lakes, and dries out the Texas soil causing dramatic shifts in the underlying foundations of commercial and residential properties. These movements create fissures that damage underground electrical, network, and plumbing connections into these structures.\nSmall businesses in Texas and other southwestern states risk a disruption of their voice and data services due to the contraction of soil around their facilities when utilizing aging copper T-1 lines. Good news, a key attribute of sheathed fiber cabling is flexibility and strength.\nAn optical fiber has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibers of the same diameter. It is flexible, bends easily and resists most corrosive elements that attack copper cable. Optical fiber can withstand higher temperatures than copper wires. This means that even when the outside jacket surrounding the optical fiber has melted, an optical fiber system can still perform well.\nIn addition, fiber cabling offers other advantages that include the following:\n- Bandwidth – Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. The amount of information that can be transmitted per unit time of fiber over other transmission media is its most significant advantage. With the high performance single mode cable used by telephone industries for long distance telecommunication, the bandwidth surpasses the needs of today’s applications and gives room for growth tomorrow.\n- Low Power Loss – An optical fiber offers low power loss. This allows for longer transmission distances. In comparison to copper; in a network, the longest recommended copper distance is 100m while with fiber, it is 2000m.\n- Interference – fiber optic cables are immune to electromagnetic interference. It can also be run in electrically noisy environments without concern as electrical noise will not affect fiber.\n- Size – In comparison to copper, a fiber optic cable has nearly 4.5 times as much capacity as the wire cable has and a cross sectional area that is 30 times less.\n- Weight – fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires. They also occupy less space with cables of the same information capacity. Lighter weight makes fiber easier to install.\n- Safety – Since the fiber is a dielectric, it does not present a spark hazard.\n- Security – Optical fibers are difficult to tap. As they do not radiate electromagnetic energy, emissions cannot be intercepted. As physically tapping the fiber takes great skill to do undetected, fiber is the most secure medium available for carrying sensitive data.\nThe flexibility and strength of sheathed fiber cabling provides small businesses with an alternative to constant worry about whether their voice and data service will survive the crazy, hazy, lazy days of Summer. Call a 1stel consultant today and discover how we can replace your aging infrastructure with high-speed fiber.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://elfaro2008.org/waste-label-liners-collected-by-upm-raflatac-for-use-in-insulation-production-article/", "date": "2022-08-10T12:06:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571153.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810100712-20220810130712-00592.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9434571862220764, "token_count": 424, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__54523298", "lang": "en", "text": "UPM Raflatac has announced that waste PET plastic liners collected through its recycling service will be processed into raw material by Inosence Polyol and used by Finnfoam to produce insulation.\nUPM Raflatac’s RafCycle recycling service collects waste such as used PET label liners from its customers and end users. The company claims that approximately 80% of backing materials for self-adhesive labels are paper with an established recycling process, but the remaining 20% are PET-based with an extremely thin layer of silicone applied to the plastic, which can make them difficult to separate. and recycle, causing them to be incinerated instead.\nIn a new value chain collaboration, waste PET-based label liners collected by UPM Raflatac will be transformed into raw material through a process developed by Inosence Polyol. Finnfoam will then use the raw material for its polyisocyanurate or FF-PIR insulation.\nJuha Virmavirta, Director of RafCycle Solutions at UPM Raflatac, comments: “Disposable or short-lived products are often made from recycled PET plastic. In our solution, the recycled raw material is transformed into insulation, for example a sustainable product that binds carbon for decades.\n“Our value chain even meets critical scrutiny, and on top of that, we’re making the label industry much more sustainable.”\nHenri Nieminen, CEO of Finnfoam, adds: “The solution we have developed with UPM Raflatac and Inosence Polyol Oy is an excellent example of the potential of chemical recycling. It makes it possible to separate and recycle many materials that are difficult to separate.\n“New economic and environmentally friendly recycling methods will also drive legislative changes and further increase the obligation to recycle and reduce waste incineration, which is of course a very good thing.”\nUPM Raflatac offers a range of linerless direct thermal labels, which was certified CarbonNeutral by Natural Capital Partners earlier this year.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.bsef.com/uses-innovations/brominated-flame-retardants/", "date": "2024-02-22T00:55:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00830.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9457682967185974, "token_count": 224, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__26406338", "lang": "en", "text": "Bromine based flame retardants play a critical role in reducing the impact of fires on people, property and the environment allowing longer escape times in case of fire as well as allowing longer response time.\nBromine based Flame Retardants (BFRs) play a key role in meeting fire safety requirements and protecting consumers. The term “flame retardant” refers to a function and not to a specific family of chemicals. This function of flame retardancy is derived from elements such as bromine, phosphorus, nitrogen as well as some inorganics such as magnesium and aluminium.\nBFRs contain many different types of chemicals, with widely differing molecular structures, physicochemical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties and chemistries (additives, reactive, polymeric).\nThey also differ from a function/technical perspective depending on the intended material or product application. It is precisely due to these differences that grouping of these substances for regulatory purposes should be approached with great caution.\nTo get a better overview of BFRs and how they protect us, download our Factsheet here.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.donwood.eu/products-all/ruf-briquettes/", "date": "2023-11-29T06:10:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100056.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129041834-20231129071834-00350.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8255437016487122, "token_count": 105, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__68638622", "lang": "en", "text": "Packing method: 10 kg polythene bags\nRUF briquettes are natural pressed high-quality sawdust of coniferous species that do not contain artificial additives. It is used both for household furnaces, and for fireplaces. The product is packed in polythene bags of 10 kg.\nHigh calorific value: 17370 kJ/kg\nLow ash content: < 0.3%\nLow moisture content: < 6%\nDoes not cause tarring of windows and chimneys", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.fedsnews.co.nz/the-ultimate-example-of-an-environmental-and-business-winwin/", "date": "2024-02-28T09:32:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474700.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228080245-20240228110245-00437.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9678931832313538, "token_count": 874, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__76121923", "lang": "en", "text": "Taupo-based Activated Carbon NZ Ltd is using waste sawdust from sawmills and turning it into activated carbon, right here in New Zealand.\nActivated carbon is a product that is used in a wide range of applications, including removing toxic gases in industrial waste and effluent, to purify water, and in the supplement, cosmetic, and food and beverage sectors. Activated carbon is even used in candle manufacturing! In addition activated carbon conducts electricity and insulates heat. There are even experiments underway to look into its use as a binder with hemp.\nActivated Carbon NZ Ltd is the only New Zealand manufacturer of activated carbon.\nBeing able to supply domestically is proving to be extremely important as supply chains for activated carbon from overseas continue to be severely disrupted due to COVID-19.\nIn the past, New Zealand businesses have typically sourced their activated carbon from China or Australia, but often from much less environmentally friendly source material such as coal or coconut shells.\n“We know that businesses are looking for high-quality activated carbon that is more sustainable and we’re able to provide that for them with no supply issues,” says Activated Carbon NZ Director Grant Hughes. “We’re able to provide activated carbon as a fine powder, granulated, or in capsule form wholesale for industrial customers or for everyday consumers via our online shop.”\nHaving worked in the farming sector for most of his life, Grant then moved into providing short-term financing solutions, which is how he came across the Activated Carbon business. He immediately saw its potential and worked to put the factory together that would form the heart of their business.\n“We imported a piece of kit from China that theoretically worked but didn’t in reality. I spent the next couple of years with a grinder and welder and with the help of some really talented locals we developed the plant we needed to create the high quality activated carbon.”\nActivated carbon cleanses through adsorption or ionic exchange. It is made by eliminating the organic volatiles from carbon-rich organic materials, leaving just the carbon pore structure and increasing the surface area. This means that one teaspoon of activated carbon has more surface area than a football field. The pores and microstructure are able to attract toxins and chemicals, which is why activated carbon works so well as a purifier. In general, the greater the surface area of the activated carbon the higher the quality. Commercially produced activated carbon typically falls within a range of 300m2 to 900m2 per gram.\n“A lot of the activated carbon coming from China is at the low end of this range however we are able to average 900-1200m2 per gram of activated carbon, sometimes as high as 1500m2.\n“We are passionate about combating environmental pollution,” says Grant. “Creating a business that we believe is carbon positive is very important to us. We even supply the wood vinegar that is the byproduct of our manufacturing process for use in organic farming.\n“COVID has given us the opportunity to highlight our sustainable New Zealand-made activated carbon to businesses that might not otherwise have considered whether or not there are better options for them right on their doorstep.\n“We have a huge carbon resource here in New Zealand. We don’t need to dig up our national parks or mine our seabed to get to this resource, it’s all around us. We still have poor utilisation in our plantation forests and there is still a lot of waste. Pine trees continue to be planted but byproducts of timber production, such as sawdust, are currently being thrown away or getting chucked into a hole to rot. Meanwhile, there is a domestic and global market for activated carbon that is undergoing significant growth, and we have the ability to make and supply a really good product for that market.\n“Rather than choosing activated carbon that’s produced from unsustainable sources that’s been dumped in the New Zealand market for less than it costs to ship it here, we need businesses in New Zealand to make a choice that’s better for our environment and is a higher quality product that will achieve better results for them.”", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://questteam.com/company/amy_leong.html", "date": "2022-05-29T11:24:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662644142.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20220529103854-20220529133854-00732.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9370652437210083, "token_count": 192, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__281999599", "lang": "en", "text": "Ms. Leong is Sr. Vice President, Marketing and Customer Solutions for MicroProbe. She brings extensive experience in semiconductor marketing and in-depth knowledge in semiconductor and storage industries from front-end wafer fabrication and metrology to back-end test and packaging.\nPrior to joining MicroProbe Ms. Leong was a Research Director, from 2008 to 2010 at Gartner, Inc. She was responsible for covering the ASSP, system-on-chip and microcontroller markets.\nFrom 2003 to 2008, Ms. Leong served as Senior Director of Corporate Strategic Marketing and Director of DRAM Product Marketing at Form Factor.\nEarlier in her career she worked in a variety of semiconductor product marketing and process engineering roles at KLA-Tencor and IBM.\nAmy holds an M.S. in Material Science and Engineering from Stanford University and a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.theindustrial.in/news/e5b30e35e5/JIOS-Aerogel-Opens-Singapore-Manufacturing-Plant-to-Produce-Thermal-Protection-for-Electric-Vehicle-EV-Batteries", "date": "2024-04-15T20:26:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817014.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415174104-20240415204104-00163.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9252692461013794, "token_count": 610, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__162498560", "lang": "en", "text": "SINGAPORE, Nov. 6, 2023 -- JIOS Aerogel (JIOS), a global leader in silica aerogel technology, has celebrated the opening of its advanced manufacturing plant in Pioneer, Singapore, in a ceremony attended by investors, suppliers and partners. The establishment of this facility represents a pivotal component of JIOS' ongoing investment strategy, which is geared towards supporting automakers in their adoption of aerogel-based technology to enhance the safety and performance of electric vehicle (EV) batteries.\n\"JIOS Aerogel takes great pride in the inauguration of the Pioneer Thermal Blade® Plant, a significant milestone in our manufacturing expansion,\" said Andrew Stearns, CEO of JIOS Aerogel. \"As we press on with the commissioning of recently acquired equipment and the journey of complete production process automation, we remain dedicated to expanding the plant's capacity to meet the growing demands of the market.\"\nThe new plant will serve as a primary production hub for the company's signature EV product, the Thermal Blade®. This innovative thermal and electrical insulation solution is designed for installation between the battery cells of electric vehicles. These components play a critical role as safety measures, acting as a protective barrier between cells and mitigating the risk of thermal runaway propagation. Silica aerogels are ideally suited for this application, offering exceptional high-temperature insulation when compressed between battery cells even when supplied in remarkably thin profiles.\nStephen Kang, Managing Director, and Co-Founder of JIOS Aerogel, expressed, \"The opening of this facility is a testament to our unwavering dedication to providing technology that addresses the evolving safety standards for EV batteries. Our commitment is driven not only by the demands of automakers but also by the regulatory landscape, including the recent mandatory safety requirements outlined in Regulation 100 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.\"\nThe newly inaugurated Pioneer plant has attained certification to the ISO 9001 quality management system, with JIOS officially receiving this certification in a recent ceremony held by the international body, TÜV SÜD. Furthermore, JIOS has disclosed its partnership with QAS-Company AG (QAS) to facilitate the site's certification process in accordance with the rigorous automotive standard, IATF 16949.\nAbout JIOS Aerogel\nJIOS Aerogel (JIOS) is the world's leading manufacturer of silica aerogel powder. Headquartered in Singapore, the company was founded in 2013 to pioneer a new process that dramatically lowers the cost of aerogel production. JIOS is on a mission to accelerate the adoption of aerogels to improve the safety and performance of electric-vehicle (EV) batteries. Recognised globally as the premier technology for mitigating thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, aerogels provide an ultra-thin insulation layer between battery cells, offering exceptional thermal protection at high temperatures. For more information, visit www.jiosaerogel.com", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.foreverjewellery.com.au/collections/swarovski-crystal-collection", "date": "2019-06-20T05:32:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999141.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20190620044948-20190620070948-00378.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9156107306480408, "token_count": 112, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-26__0__134591400", "lang": "en", "text": "Swarovski produces crystals of the finest quality. The company's name has become synonymous with genuine crystal. Swarovski's specialised manufacturing processes, together with the highest quality raw materials, guarantee the highest possible degree of precision, component quality, consistency and unmatched brilliance.\nSwarovski crystal is produced at the company’s traditional production plant in Wattens, Austria, where each crystal is subject to the most stringent quality controls. The exact recipe and the proportion of quartzes, sand and minerals remain a company secret for over 100 years.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Gold", "date": "2021-04-20T03:52:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039375537.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20210420025739-20210420055739-00582.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9522857069969177, "token_count": 255, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__60875046", "lang": "en", "text": "Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal with a bright yellow color and luster, the properties of which remain without tarnishing when exposed to air or water. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, and is solid under standard conditions. The metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins and in alluvial deposits. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, such as with tellurium as calaverite, sylvanite, or krennerite.\nGold resists attacks by individual acids, but it can be dissolved by aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid), so named because it dissolves gold. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which have been used in mining. It dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys; it is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property that has long been used to confirm the presence of gold in items, giving rise to the term acid test.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.printingplusink.com/uv_coating.html", "date": "2024-04-15T07:06:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816942.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415045222-20240415075222-00232.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9585743546485901, "token_count": 362, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__40384667", "lang": "en", "text": "UV Coating is a tough clear-coat applied over printed materials to protect against scratches, tears and fingerprints and to enhance the brilliance of the ink colors.\nUV Coating is recommended for printed pieces which will be handled frequently, such as presentation folders, the covers of paperback books and some types of business cards. It is also recommended for promotional pieces that aim to grab attention, such as flagship brochures and direct mail postcards.\nUV Coating is applied in liquid form, then exposed to Ultra-Violet light which bonds and dries it instantly¡Khence its name \"UV Coating.\" It can be applied over the entire printed piece (called Flooding) or it can be used as a Spot coating to just highlight particular areas. In addition, UV Coating is available in a variety of sheen levels, with high gloss being the most popular.\nCompared to other coatings, UV Coating is tougher than Aqueous Coating though not quite as hard-wearing as a plastic laminate. Also, because a UV Coating is a relatively thick coating, it will generally require pre-scoring to reduce cracking when folded.\nFinally, it is important to note that because a UV Coating has such a slick surface, you will have difficulty writing, overprinting, rubber stamping, gluing or applying certain labels to its surface. Thus, if you intend to imprint or adhere anything after your pieces are produced, notify your printer in advance so he can \"block out\" certain areas from receiving UV coverage.\nGive us a call if you have questions about UV Coating or any other coatings used on printed materials. There are many coating options to choose from, so let Printing Plus help you decide which is best for your particular print project.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://jurofishing.com/?product_cat=victory-knives", "date": "2023-09-29T04:36:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510481.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929022639-20230929052639-00437.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9381711483001709, "token_count": 118, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__69247707", "lang": "en", "text": "Victory Knives have been Made in New Zealand by E.Goddard Ltd, for over 80 years. Victory Knives have gained a reputation for superior quality, and are used extensively in New Zealand and Australia by leading abattoirs and fish processing plants. The Victory Stainless Steel blade has a sub zero (-78C) quench after hardening. This particular process produces a strong, hard and wear resistant blade with improved edge retention. It also produces a finer grain and this is believed to be the reason that Victory Knives are less prone to corrosion and maintaining its edge.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.biobased.rhinolinings.com/", "date": "2015-07-28T15:18:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042981969.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00159-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9134514331817627, "token_count": 130, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-32", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-32__0__103852714", "lang": "en", "text": "We have tools designed to help architects understand and specify our spray foam insulation products in their projects.\nBioBased Insulation® and DuraTite™ can help you build energy efficient homes and seal the deal with your customers.\nSpray foam is a great way to increase the efficiency of your home. Learn more about our products and their benefits.\nRhino offers spray foam insulation products under the BioBased Insulation® and DuraTite™ brands. The DuraTite product line also includes spray foam roofing systems. High-density polyurethane foam sealants are available in the BioSeal™ product line.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.californiatrack.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23:caltrax-imb-installed-by-california-track-and-engineering-inc&catid=25:products&Itemid=83", "date": "2013-05-23T11:33:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703298047/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112138-00098-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9390920996665955, "token_count": 170, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__32053696", "lang": "en", "text": "The CalTrax™ Impermeable Mat Broadcast is a 100% polyurethane-based sandwich system that offers the outstanding performance, durability and spike resistance of the CalTrax™ Sandwich system. It also provides substantial savings in cost over the CalTrax™ - Sandwich system and has improved performance and durability over the Impermeable Mat Spray system at a small additional cost.\nThe wearing layer of flow-applied two-component polyurethane and broadcast EPDM granules is modified by using (1-2mm) EPDM granules. It is about 60% the thickness of the sandwich wearing coat, but is almost twice the thickness of the Impermeable Mat Spray wearing coat. This system is recommended for installation in windy areas and around synthetic fields where a high quality, cost effective surface is required.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.muellers.com/Cuetec-R360-Edge-Series-Cue--13-691,35.html", "date": "2017-04-30T18:28:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125841.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00336-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8207841515541077, "token_count": 378, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__270826457", "lang": "en", "text": "Get an edge on your opponent with the R360 Edge Series from Cuetec cues. The 15 1/2\" Pro Tapered shaft is constructed with a tubular composite core surrounded by four computer cut \"A Plus\" grade Canadian Maple sections to ensure an exact fit, while providing maximum radial consistency ensuring the most accurate cue ball response and control. The composite core inside the shaft controls deflection, squirt, distortion and prevents warpage.\nCuetec’s Edge Series features a Tiger Everest tip which provides the ultimate cue ball control and consistency. The Everest tip has been tested and approved by some of the world’s top players. Its AFC air cusion ferrule is made of the highest ABS material available. It’s cushioning effect provides the optimum cue ball/cue tip contact time resulting in less vibration and deflection while maximizing cue ball control and accuracy without sacrificing energy. Cuetec’s Accuweight System allows for a quick and easy weight adjustment and cue balance of 1/2 or 1 oz. increments to provide you with the exact weight of your preference. The joints are polished stainless steel and the Irish linen wraps are of the highest quality for a comfortable grip and moisture absorption. Available in 18-21 oz.\n• Tip – 13mm Tiger Everest Tip\n• Ferrule – AFC Air Cushion Ferrule\n• Shaft – R360 Low Deflection Shaft\n• Taper – 15.5\" Pro\n• Joint – 3/8\"-10 Stainless Steel\n• Forearm – Birdseye Maple\n• Butt Sleeve – Birdseye Maple\n• Stain – Brown Stain\n• Overlay – Cutec® Golden Logo Forearm/Sleeve\n• Rings – Nickel Silver Rings\n• Wrap – Genuine Black w/ White Spec Irish Linen\n• Butt Plate – Stainless Steel Plate", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://fortdistributors.com/modules.php?name=Products&file=Printer_Friendly&op=show&pid=2", "date": "2018-12-13T06:01:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376824525.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20181213054204-20181213075704-00524.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8964649438858032, "token_count": 1401, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__74898643", "lang": "en", "text": "P2000 Insulation Products\nThe key to the P2000 Insulation System’s effectiveness is not its individual components, but how these pieces function together as an engineered system.\nP2000 Insulation Systems™ is a high performance insulation system that addresses all three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation. It is a specially formulated expanded polystyrene (EPS) core with metalized plastic facers.\nThe P2000 Insulation System functions as an all-weather guard in one product:\n• Stops cold, wind, heat and moisture\n• Creates a true thermal break\n• Eliminates condensation\n• Light weight\n• Easy to install\n• Environmentally friendly\n• Very Economical\nThe P2000 Insulation System™ offers several advantages:\n• A “Green Product”\n• Save on heating and cooling costs\n• Quicker and easier to install\n• Thin and flexible sheets makes it very versatile\n• Virtually waterproof\n• Insulating value not reduced by sagging, settling, compression or moisture\n• No more itching or scratching, during and after installation\nP2000 Insulation delivers energy savings and interior comfort in extreme weather conditions. The laminated board with double sealed joints blocks drafts. The dense foam core reduces conductive heat transfer, while the metalized plastic facers minimize air and moisture infiltration and are effective radiant blockers.\nP2000 Insulation is lightweight, easy to handle, and simple to install. It will never sag or settle and resists moisture absorption – making it an effective insulator even when wet.\nP2000 Insulation makes for healthier homes. It does not support mold growth; it does not “off-gas” harmful chemicals; it does not release harmful airborne particles and contains no CFCs or HCFCs.\nHow P2000 Works\nWhy is P2000 so effective? Conventional thinking leads most consumers to believe that a well insulated wall has to be a thick wall. With the P2000 Insulation System, that is no longer the case.\nInstead of relying on thick layers of insulation to absorb heat and slow down thermal transfer, the P2000 Insulation System is engineered to address the major issues that plague most conventional insulations:\n• P2000 End View Conductive Heat Losses are addressed by an EPS core that exhibits an R-value of 3.8 to 4.1 at one inch of thickness. This material is similar to the foam cup we have trusted for years, that protects the hand from both hot and cold temperatures.\n• Radiative Heat Losses are addressed using highly reflective, proprietary metalized facers. These facers reflect 90+% of the thermal radiation that comes in contact with them.\n• Air / Moisture, Infiltration & Convective Heat Losses: proprietary facers also serve as air, vapor, and moisture barriers. A unique double flap sealing system aids in the formation of a continuous barrier to moisture and air infiltration. Should P2000 become wet, the overall insulating performance of the system has been shown to be unaffected.\n• Thermal Bridging through structural framing members is minimized since the P2000 Insulation System is designed to cover these areas completely.\n• Installation Deficiencies are not as pronounced since the P2000 Insulation System wraps the building envelope, completely covering structural framing members. As a result, the performance of the P2000 Insulation System is less dependent on stud configuration following nominal patterns. Installation practices such as wiring, piping, etc have little or no effect on insulating performance since, in most cases, they do not penetrate the material.\n• Long Term Stability of the EPS core has been proven both mechanically and thermally.\nUnderstanding Building Envelopes\nHow does P2000 enhance the standard building envelope?\nIn today’s marketplace, insulation is sold based on center of cavity thermal resistance, or R-value. However, R-value is only one piece of the thermal equation.\nA list of common issues that plague conventional insulations when installed in a building envelope include:\n• Conductive heat loss\n• Air leakage and convective heat loss (can be 35% of heat loss/gain in a building envelope)\n• Moisture infiltration (water is highly conductive)\n• Radiative heat loss (can be 55% of heat transfer in ordinary air spaces)\n• Installation deficiencies\n• Thermal bridging (average of 25% of a residential building’s surface area is framing)\n• Long term stability\nMost of the thermal performance testing completed on conventional insulations focus on their resistance to conductive heat transfer as measured by R-value in the ASTM C518 test. This standard laboratory test measures thermal resistance under a specific set of conditions. In reality, R-value of a particular material is dependent on a number of environmental and installation parameters, external to the material itself.\nP2000 enhances the building envelope.\nBeing a system based insulating product, P2000 is engineered to work with the other building assembly components to minimize heat loss by the mechanisms previously outlined. When reflective materials are incorporated in the building envelope, the combination of orientation as well as air spaces can elevate the performance of a wall, ceiling or floor assembly well beyond the recognized R-values of the building materials alone.\nHow does 1” of P2000 thermally outperform 6” of fiberglass?\nP2000 enhances the building envelope.\nP2000 does not have any of the weaknesses that cause fiberglass to fail.\nSatisfied clients – our greatest complement!\n|P2000 makes for healthier homes and buildings. It does not support mold growth; does not “off-gas” harmful chemicals; does not release harmful airborne particles and P2000 provides versatility for new construction and retro-fits, wood frame, steel, concrete structures and all agriculture buildings.||Walls\nWood frame, steel frame, concrete block, poured concrete, concrete tilt-up panels\nFlat or vaulted ceilings, can be applied under trusses or rafters\nInstalls over purlins, over roof decks, and under steel roofing\nUnder concrete, under radiant heat floors, over concrete slabs\nFor pipes, utility lines, water & sewer lines, and foundations\n|Agriculture and Commercial/Industrial\nHVAC-ductwork, truck bodies, refrigerated storage, radon barrier, vapor barrier\nHVAC-ductwork, truck bodies, refrigerated storage, rado barrier, vapor barrier\nP2000 is a high performance insulation system designed to address all three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.\nThe P2000 Insulation System™ combines thermal reflective technology with the high insulating properties of a specially formulated EPS foam core. This complete building system delivers remarkable energy savings and interior comfort in extreme temperature conditions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://technomosis.com/unleashing-the-power-of-graphene-batteries-a-game-changer-for-cordless-power-tools/", "date": "2024-04-24T07:03:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00066.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9308411478996277, "token_count": 856, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__198952069", "lang": "en", "text": "Show Hide the summary\nThe world of cordless power tools is on the brink of a major revolution: graphene batteries.\nWith their incredible capacity, fast charging times, and significantly longer lifespans, these cutting-edge energy sources are poised to completely transform the way we use and power our tools.\nWe will explore the science behind graphene batteries, examine their advantages over traditional lithium-ion batteries, and scrutinize the potential impact they will have on the future of cordless power tools.\nUnderstanding Graphene: The Miracle Material\nAt the heart of this revolution lies graphene, a remarkable material that has been hailed as a game changer in many industries. Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, and although it is only one atom thick, it possesses some truly astonishing properties. These include:\n- Exceptional strength: Graphene is 200 times stronger than steel, making it one of the strongest materials known to man.\n- Superior conductivity: Graphene is an excellent conductor of both heat and electricity, surpassing even copper and silver in this regard.\n- Flexibility and lightness: Despite its incredible strength, graphene is also remarkably flexible and lightweight, making it an ideal material for a wide range of applications.\nIt is these unique properties that make graphene the perfect candidate for revolutionizing battery technology and, by extension, cordless power tools.\nGraphene Batteries: A Quantum Leap in Energy Storage\nWhen it comes to batteries, the key factors that determine their performance are energy density (the amount of energy that can be stored in a given volume), power density (the rate at which energy can be delivered), and cycle life (the number of times a battery can be charged and discharged before its capacity significantly decreases). Graphene batteries hold the potential to outperform traditional lithium-ion batteries in all of these aspects:\n- Higher energy density: Thanks to its superior conductivity, graphene can store more energy per unit volume than lithium-ion batteries, which translates to longer runtimes for cordless power tools.\n- Greater power density: The exceptional electron mobility in graphene allows for faster charging and discharging rates, meaning that power tools can be used more intensively and recharged more quickly.\n- Improved cycle life: Graphene batteries are much more resilient and less prone to capacity loss over time, ensuring a longer lifespan and better long-term performance for cordless tools.\nMoreover, graphene batteries also boast other advantages, such as better thermal management, reduced risk of thermal runaway (a major safety concern with lithium-ion batteries), and a more environmentally friendly production process.\nImpact on the Cordless Power Tool Industry\nWith all these benefits in mind, it is clear that graphene batteries have the potential to revolutionize the cordless power tool industry in several ways:\n- Better performance: The increased energy and power density of graphene batteries will enable cordless tools to deliver more power and operate for longer periods, rivaling or even surpassing their corded counterparts.\n- Faster charging times: The ability to recharge tools rapidly will minimize downtime and boost productivity, especially in professional settings where time is of the essence.\n- Longer tool lifespans: The extended cycle life of graphene batteries will not only save users money by reducing the need for frequent battery replacements, but also contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to tool use and disposal.\n- New design possibilities: The unique properties of graphene, such as its strength, flexibility, and lightness, could enable manufacturers to create new, innovative tool designs that were previously unattainable with traditional battery technologies.\nAs graphene battery technology continues to advance and mature, it is only a matter of time before it becomes the new standard for cordless power tools, delivering unprecedented levels of performance, convenience, and sustainability.\nGraphene batteries are poised to usher in a new era for cordless power tools, offering significant improvements in performance, charging speed, and longevity. As this groundbreaking technology continues to develop and gain traction, we can expect to see a profound transformation in the way we use and power our tools, ultimately making our lives easier, more productive, and more efficient.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://brickfixinc.com/services/", "date": "2024-04-18T02:03:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817184.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417235906-20240418025906-00023.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9185256958007812, "token_count": 312, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__32896793", "lang": "en", "text": "Curbs and Edge Restraints\nTo ensure the longevity of your brickwork, the use of sand between the joints is crucial. The fine, compact particles of sand help the bricks interlock properly. However, over time, the sand can wash away and be replaced with dirt, making it easier for weeds to grow and weaken the interlocking structure. To combat this, using polymeric sand can help. Polymeric sand contains chemical or organic compounds that, when activated with water, adhere to the bricks and hold the sand in place, reducing maintenance and preventing weed growth. With polymeric sand, you can enjoy a durable and well-maintained brick driveway for longer.\nMaintenance Check up and Re-Sanding\nThere are 3 main reasons why you should have you driveway sealed:\n1) Aesthetically brings out the colour\n2) Helps protects the bricks from oil and salt\n3) Helps to hold the sand in between the joints\nA common misconception is that when sealed, the brickwork becomes slippery. In some cases this is true, however this isn’t the fact with all brands and products. And even for those instances another product can be added to the mix to help give the sealant some grit to prevent slipping. It is recommended that reapplication occur every 2-3 years depending on the brand in order to maintain the protective layer and colour boost.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://tapanisarajarvi.fi/en/products.html", "date": "2020-01-20T01:04:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250595787.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119234426-20200120022426-00356.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.935724139213562, "token_count": 283, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__89602653", "lang": "en", "text": "Multifaceted board products\nWith modern production lines and in skilled hands a large range of products comes into being including:\n- Laminated pine boards\n- Different components for furniture and joinery industry and kitchen manufacturing\n- Components with different surface treatments\nAll the products will be manufactured according to customers’ requirements with the following limits:\n- Length 300 Length 300 – 5000 mm\n- Width 150 – 1000 mm\n- Thickness 8 – 70 mm\nNormal sanding is 120, others are according to customers’ requirements.\nIn the production we use only environmental friendly adhesives that are accepted in the furniture and other wood industries and agreed with our customers.\nWe manufacture boards of different quality grades (A, B, C and combinations) according to customers’ requirements.\nDelivered on time and intact\nThe products are packaged according to the instructions of customers. Generally boards and components are packaged into pallets, wrapped with plastic and banded with steel bands, and each pallet is equipped with label.\nAlso wrapped separately\nIf needed we can wrap each board with plastic and equip with the product information and EAN-code.\nDelivered on time to our customers\nThe transportation of goods is carried out by truck or as a container shipment by boat via the port of Oulu. The flexible and trustworthy logistic service is an essential part of our customer service.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://bitcoinsmining.website/crystal-clear-the-optical-clarity-of-polycarbonate-films-in-displays/", "date": "2023-11-30T11:26:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100184.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130094531-20231130124531-00201.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8716363906860352, "token_count": 686, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__109495967", "lang": "en", "text": "In today’s digital age, displays have become an integral part of our daily lives. Whether it’s the screen of your smartphone, tablet, or television, optical clarity is paramount for an immersive and enjoyable viewing experience. Enter polycarbonate films, a revolutionary technology that offers crystal-clear optical properties. In this exploration, we will uncover the science and significance of polycarbonate films in displays.\nThe Display Revolution\nThe evolution of displays has been nothing short of extraordinary. From bulky cathode-ray tubes to sleek, high-definition screens, our demand for clarity and visual quality has propelled innovation. Optical clarity, defined as the ability of a material to transmit light without distortion, is the linchpin of this evolution.\nThe Rise of Polycarbonate Films\nPolycarbonate, a versatile and robust thermoplastic, has emerged as a leading material for displays, thanks to polycarbonate film rolls exceptional optical properties:\n- High Transparency: Polycarbonate films are renowned for their high transparency, allowing a significant amount of light to pass through without scattering or absorption. This property is critical for achieving vibrant and sharp images on displays.\n- Low Birefringence: Birefringence refers to the extent to which a material refracts light into two different directions, causing optical distortion. Polycarbonate films exhibit low birefringence, ensuring that light passes through uniformly and emerges without distortion on the other side of the film.\n- Surface Smoothness: The surface of polycarbonate films can be engineered to be exceptionally smooth, reducing scattering and minimizing glare. This results in displays with minimal reflection and high contrast.\n- Durability: Polycarbonate is inherently impact-resistant and scratch-resistant. When used as a protective layer in displays, it shields the underlying screen from damage, ensuring long-lasting clarity.\nApplications of Polycarbonate Films in Displays\nPolycarbonate films find applications in various types of displays:\n- Smartphones and Tablets: Polycarbonate films serve as protective layers on the screens of mobile devices, safeguarding against scratches and providing excellent optical clarity.\n- Televisions: In flat-screen TVs, polycarbonate films contribute to the sharpness and vibrancy of images while offering durability.\n- Computer Monitors: PC monitors benefit from polycarbonate films that reduce glare and ensure consistent clarity, enhancing the user experience.\n- Automotive Displays: Displays in modern vehicles often use polycarbonate films to provide clear visibility for navigation, entertainment, and driver information systems.\nThe Future of Displays with Polycarbonate Films\nAs display technology continues to advance, polycarbonate films are poised to play an even more significant role. Their ability to deliver optical clarity while offering durability aligns perfectly with the demands of emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) displays. These films can enhance the immersive experience by providing high-quality visuals and reducing optical distortions.\nPolycarbonate films have become a cornerstone of the modern display industry, providing the optical clarity and durability needed to deliver exceptional visual experiences. As technology continues to push the boundaries of display quality, polycarbonate films stand as a testament to the crucial role that materials science plays in shaping our digital world, where “crystal clear” is not just an aspiration but an achievable reality.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.auto-revista.com/texto-diario/mostrar/1546834/basf-unveils-the-sustainable-solutions-of-the-future", "date": "2021-01-22T02:32:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703529080.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20210122020254-20210122050254-00401.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9390997290611267, "token_count": 1329, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__217993167", "lang": "en", "text": "As part of its strategy as a full-service automotive industry supplier, on 13 June chemical giant BASF gave an in-depth display of its capabilities in the plastics sector. Although it provided plenty of examples of applications, the German multinational emphasised that it continues to explore new fields in which to innovate.\nBASF’s versatility was on full display in the exhibition area adjacent to the assembly hall at the CIDAUT (Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Automóvil – Research and Development Center in Transport & Energy) on the Boecillo Technology Park in Valladolid. The star attraction was a velocipede inspired by the original 1865 invention but built using 24 different types of plastic and powered by an electric battery.\nBASF combines versatility with sustainability and its influence in this field was the central theme of the day’s first presentation. Sustainability, Toxicology and Environment Manager Dagoberto Schmid emphasised the importance of managing and controlling these parameters throughout the value chain, explaining that this is achieved via “responsible purchasing policies and production models.” Mr Schmid then described what the firm calls Accelerator solutions designed “to help meet demand for individual mobility whilst minimising environmental impact.” He also stressed the firm’s focus on “cutting costs for both producers and end-users,” referring to the company’s advances in fields like batteries, catalytic converters and biodiesel.\nThe next talk was given by member of the Plastics Engineering Department Johan Martin Szeifert, who described application of a high-performance material ― Ultramid Advanced N ― in electrical and electronic systems. This material’s mechanical properties remain constant between -40 and 100 °C, it minimises water consumption and offers excellent dimensional stability, it is characterised by outstanding chemical resistance and it is easier to process than other polyphthalamides (PPAs).\nMr Szeifert highlighted Ultramid Advanced N’s excellent resistance when storing coolants at high temperatures and gave special mention to its wear and abrasion properties. He ended by stressing its fire-resistance before saying “BASF is already working on new fire-resistant grades.”\nDaniel Tarrés and Jaume Heras, representing the Polyurethane Systems department within the Advanced Materials unit, described the role played by polyurethane (PU) in minimising noise, vibration and unwelcome sound in the vehicle interior to enhance acoustic comfort. “It neutralises wind and vehicle chassis noise in various ways ―by insulating, absorbing and dampening. As polyurethane is porous and has a low density, its absorption capacity is enormous,” explained Mr Tarrés.\nHe then referred to the Cellasto foam and its performance in minimising cockpit vibrations before commenting that PU is cheap and easy to manufacture. “We offer a wide range of compact and medium- and high-density products,” he explained.\nMr Heras then described PU’s multiple applications as a low-density foam in the engine compartment, roof, floor, wheel openings, engine cover, oil tank and various vehicle cavities.\nThis latter operation is performed after painting the vehicle and before transferring it to the assembly shop. He also mentioned the advantages in terms of shorter process times and, above all, the significant weight savings, which can be as high as 25%. The manager for this new material also mentioned ElastoFoam, a high-density foam with applications in the engine cover, a part for which demands are high because it is visible to end-users.\nThe foam’s fire-resistant properties mean it is also used as an oil tank coating. Finally, he described ElastoFlex, a flexible viscoelastic foam that offers high acoustic performance and low weight, thereby contributing to emissions reductions.\nThermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Manager Francisco Pallás spoke about one of the products that most represents BASF’s range of advanced plastics ― Elastollan. Mr Pallás described thermoplastic polyurethane as a material with high tensile strength and tear resistance as well as being highly resistant to abrasion and impacts at low temperatures. It is a low-viscosity soft-touch product characterised by its pleasant, dry feel. Its main application benefits lie in the design freedom it offers, its long-term stability and its excellent haptic properties.\nMr Pallás listed applications in bearings, boots, shock absorber parts, cabling, connectors and gearstick knobs. He then referred to use of the HPM variant in external applications like windscreen wiper bases and engine compartment parts. This variant is made in a cost-saving two-stroke moulding process. For soft-touch interior applications, like cupholders, aliphatic variants of Elastollan HPM are used. Other noteworthy exterior applications include the airbumps found on several Citroën models.\nAmong the firm’s latest medium-term developments, Mr Pallás mentioned expanded thermoformed polyurethane, the first of its type in the world. This BASF product is marketed as Infinergy and has applications in machinery and consumer products. However, “We’re looking for automotive applications and ways of meeting the needs of our clients in the sector,” he explained.\nThe last talk on high-performance plastics was given by Manuel Morgado, who explored solutions based on renewable natural fibres like hemp, wood and kenaf combined with the Acrodur aqueous binder. Using this material can cut weight by 40% when compared with ABS-type plastics and by 20% when compared with polypropylene-reinforced natural fibres (PP). Furthermore, it offers thermomechanical stability at temperatures above 220 °C.\nAmong BASF’s new composite developments, Acrodur stands out for providing the load capacity and heat resistance required of lightweight components. Various models, among them the Mercedes-Benz E-Class, have benefited from weight reductions of up to 40% by replacing metal with composites, production of which also brings significant time savings.\nFinally, BASF’s Coatings Division’s Lorenzo Peña described the i-Gloss anti-scratch clearcoat that keeps vehicles looking as good as new for 10 years.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://chem.columbia.edu/events/colloquia/chemistry-colloquium-6/", "date": "2017-11-25T11:16:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934809778.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20171125105437-20171125125437-00177.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9609977006912231, "token_count": 259, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__220332573", "lang": "en", "text": "Luis M. Campos has been an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Columbia University since 2011. He was born in Guadalajara, Mexico, and moved at an early age to Los Angeles. He received a B.Sc. in Chemistry from CSU Dominguez Hills in 2001, and a Ph.D. from the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at UCLA in 2006 working under the supervision of M. A. Garcia-Garibay and K. N. Houk. At UCLA, he was awarded the NSF Predoctoral Fellowship, Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowship, and the Saul & Silvia Winstein Award for his graduate research in solid-state photochemistry. Switching to materials chemistry, he went to UCSB as a UC President’s Postdoctoral Fellow to work under the supervision of C. J. Hawker at the Materials Research Laboratory. At Columbia, his group’s research interests lie in polymer chemistry, self-assembly, and organic electronic materials. To date, he has published over 60 articles and 9 patents, and has been recipient of the ACS Arthur C. Cope Scholar, ONR Young Investigator, NSF CAREER, 3M Non-Tenured Faculty, and the Cottrell Scholar Awards.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://quietstar.co.uk/services/acoustic-windows/", "date": "2024-02-23T16:48:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474440.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223153350-20240223183350-00808.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8913241028785706, "token_count": 232, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__167804383", "lang": "en", "text": "Using multiple panes of glass, ranging from 6.8mm to 25mm for individual glass sheets, the soundproofing performance capabilities are huge. Using a unique timber frame system that is decoupled from the host wall to minimise the potential for vibration isolation, the design helps in ensuring the best possible acoustic seal for soundproof windows. A combination of different pane thicknesses and varying air gaps are used for studio windows and glazed screens depending on the host wall thickness, its construction and the required acoustic performance for studio sound insulation.\nStandard Acoustic Windows\nFor newly constructed openings, a range of standard sized soundproof windows and acoustic performances are available as a cost effective option whilst still achieving set noise control values. The standard range of performances starts at Rw 30dB rising to Rw 70dB. All window frames are available in a range of different finishes or can be painted.\nBespoke Acoustic Windows\nAs well as the physical studio window design, additional finishes can be applied such as custom RAL colours to match the host wall colour scheme and various films to control light including one-way vision, tinting and etched / opaque effects.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://technotexindia.in/medical-textiles.php", "date": "2023-09-30T12:39:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00023.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7578518390655518, "token_count": 175, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__99565425", "lang": "en", "text": "Technotex 2021 Navigation\n- Healthcare/hygiene products - Include beddings & clothings for medical purpose, surgical clothes, products for feminine hygiene like sanitary napkins, baby and adult diapers.\n- Non-implantable materials - For wound care that includes absorbent pad (wound contact layer, base material viscose, plastic film) and bandages (simple inelastic/elastic, orthopaedic, plasters, gauzes, lint, padding)\n- Textiles in extracorporeal devices - Like artificial kidney, liver and lungs\n- Implantable materials - Like sutures (biodegradable and non-biodegradable), soft tissue implants, artificial tendon(meshes), artificial ligament, artificial cartilage, orthopedic implants, artificial joint, cardiovascular implants, vascular grafts", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ezbeauty.vn/mineral-makeup-without-spf/", "date": "2024-04-20T23:11:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817688.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420214757-20240421004757-00586.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9238792061805725, "token_count": 1194, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__201809069", "lang": "en", "text": "A reader recently asked me “does mineral makeup really protect your skin from the sun?” Mineral particles can block UV rays. Some mineral makeup powders actually are labeled with an SPF and call themselves mineral makeup SPF sunscreens. How does this work and is it good enough?\nThe question of mineral powder sun protection is a really important question and I wanted to share my answer with you.\nThere is no true definition for the term ‘mineral makeup.\nProducts can claim to be ‘mineral makeup’ and contain a broad range of ingredients. That is because the term ‘mineral makeup’ is not strictly – or legally – defined as discussed in this article from the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.\nProducts labeled as ‘mineral makeup’ can be found as loose powders, pressed and baked powders and liquid foundations. They may contain varying amounts of inert mineral particles, meaning particles derived from the earth’s minerals. They may also contain other ingredients such as liquids, fillers and fragrances.\nMineral makeup powders made from mineral particles will scatter some UV rays\nAll makeup with mineral particles provides some sun protection because mineral particles will scatter UV rays. Mineral particles are also the active ingredients in mineral sunscreens. I think mineral sunscreens, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, are the best sunscreens for sun protection because of this scattering mechanism of protection. When you layer your skin with mineral particles, they act like little barriers to prevent UV rays from passing into your skin; the UV ray hits a mineral particle and bounces off the particle and back into space – sparing your skin. The simplicity of the mechanism is brilliant!\nWhat is mineral makeup?\nThe particles in mineral makeup often include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide (our mineral sunscreen minerals) as well as others like iron oxide and even clay. You can see how this layer of minerals on your skin can provide a nice barrier to block UV rays.\nWhy isn’t mineral makeup powder sunscreen good enough alone to sun protect your skin?\nThe BIG problem with mineral makeup sunscreen powder is that you want to be free to apply your makeup solely for the look you want to achieve. You don’t want to have to cake on your makeup for sun protection – and that’s what you would need to do! For this reason, as of my update of this post in 2023, the FDA says that more data on mineral makeup powder sunscreen is needed before they will determine if they are safe and effective to protect skin and claim a specific SPF value. I agree.\nWith any sunscreen, you are only protected if you apply the correct and sufficient amount of sunscreen.\nWe don’t know what that is for mineral powder but it would need to be a lot!\n- The official recommendation for cream and lotion sunscreen is that you need 1 tsp of sunscreen for the “head and neck” in order to get the full SPF of protection from the product. This includes skin surface of the ears, behind the ears, and the back of the neck. It also allows for scalp coverage in someone with hair loss.\n- For the average person applying facial sunscreen, I have found that a 1/3 teaspoon amount of mineral SPF 30 sunscreen gives reliable protection for the face. I add another 1/3 tsp for the neck and ears. This of course depends on the size of your face, hairstyle, shirt collar and other factors that impact your exposed skin surface area.\nAs always, however, you need to be paying attention to how well your sun protection strategy is working; if you notice your skin tanning, then you know that you need to be applying more product. This is why I recommend that you apply mineral zinc oxide sunscreen first and dusting mineral makeup on top.\nMineral makeup applied over sunscreen gives you the best protection.\nThe IDEAL solution for facial sun protection is to apply a beautiful, mineral-rich makeup over a broad spectrum SPF 30+ mineral zinc oxide sunscreen – you will have 2 layers of protective mineral particles on your skin AND you can create the makeup look that you want to achieve. It’s what I do for my fair 64-ish year old complexion! – Dermatologist Dr. Cynthia Bailey\nI use a tinted mineral zinc oxide sunscreen and my mineral makeup powders. Specifically I wear my Sheer Strength Pure Physical Matte Tinted SPF 50+ Sunscreen on my face and apply makeup over it.\nPro-tip: Layer a mineral makeup powder over a tinted zinc oxide sunscreen for the best protection and makeup coverage\nI personally layer my mineral makeup powder on top of my tinted sunscreen. I get great coverage. The Matte texture of my sunscreen is a great makeup primer for the powder. It is also formulated with over 3.2% iron oxide to block visible and digital light known to contribute to skin damage and pigment problems. I start my day knowing that my skin is really well protected.\nI use my Baked Mineral Makeup Foundation when I wear foundation. Every day I use my Loose Blush and Eye Trio. These products are gentle for the most sensitive skin. To see all of my mineral makeup powders click here. They give you a naturally flawless appearing complexion, and provide an almost impenetrable fortress of mineral particles to fend off UV rays.\nMineral powder dusted over mineral sunscreen is the naturally elegant solution to living on a sunny planet and taking good care of our skin. – Dr. Bailey\nOverview of my mineral powder foundation makeup:\nLoose Mineral Makeup Powder made with kaolin clay to absorb excess oil throughout the day.\nPressed Mineral Makeup is applied with a sponge.\nMineral Baked Foundation to apply with a brush.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://xpresscience.com/xps/chemical-reactions-power-microscale-origami-machines-to-self-fold/", "date": "2024-04-14T17:28:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816893.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414161724-20240414191724-00868.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9349797964096069, "token_count": 517, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__199339835", "lang": "en", "text": "Chemical Reactions Power Microscale Origami Machines to Self-Fold\nResearchers at Cornell University have created microscale origami machines that are self-folding, thanks to chemical reactions. The team was led by Nicholas Abbott, a Tisch University Professor in the Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in Cornell Engineering. The machines can operate in dry environments and at room temperature, freeing them from the liquids in which they usually function.\nThe machines could one day be used to create tiny autonomous devices that can respond rapidly to their chemical environment. Previously, chemical reactions that could only occur in extreme conditions, such as at high temperatures, have been used to power microscale robots. These were often tediously slow, making the approach impractical for everyday technological applications.\nAbbott’s group discovered that a small section of the chemical reaction pathway contained both slow and fast steps. The group was able to leverage that rapid kinetic moment by using ultrathin platinum sheets capped with titanium, developed by Itai Cohen, professor of physics, and Paul McEuen, the John A. Newman Professor of Physical Science, both in the College of Arts and Sciences, and David Muller, the Samuel B. Eckert Professor of Engineering in Cornell Engineering.\nThe team used electronic structure calculations to dissect the chemical reaction that occurs when hydrogen — adsorbed to the material — is exposed to oxygen. The researchers exploited the crucial moment that the oxygen quickly strips the hydrogen, causing the atomically thin material to deform and bend like a hinge. The system can operate at 20 degrees Celsius in dry environments, with a response time of 600 milliseconds per cycle.\n“We are really excited because this work paves the way to microscale origami machines that work in gaseous environments,” said Itai Cohen.\nThe researchers expect to apply the technique to other catalytic metals, such as palladium and palladium gold alloys, which could lead to autonomous material systems in which the controlling circuitry and onboard computation are handled by the material’s response.\nThe research was supported by the Cornell Center for Materials Research, which is supported by the National Science Foundation’s MRSEC program, the Army Research Office, the NSF, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science.\nOverall, the creation of these self-folding microscale origami machines is a promising step toward the development of tiny, autonomous devices that could revolutionize the field of robotics", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.soundchip.ch/soundchip-integrates-complex-acoustic-functionality-in-printed-circuit-boards/", "date": "2021-10-16T19:25:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323584913.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016170013-20211016200013-00091.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8899816274642944, "token_count": 357, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__86529250", "lang": "en", "text": "Soundchip integrates complex acoustic functionality in Printed-Circuit-Boards\nSoundstrate technology combines acoustic and electrical layers within a Printed Circuit Board substrate to reduce the size and cost of complex audio networks\nGenève, Switzerland, 28 November 2011 – Soundchip SA, a Swiss based innovator in audio systems technology and originator of the HD-PA® Reference, today announced the availability of Soundstrate PCB technology.\nSoundstrate PCB technology simplifies the design and manufacture of complex audio systems by replacing bulky audio waveguides and cabling with a single structure that is capable of communicating sound and electrical signals between installed components and the outside world.\nSoundstrate PCB technology integrates audio components, waveguides, electronics and acousto-mechanical filters within a single, self-contained substrate structure, which may be customized to suit each application.\nSoundstrate PCB technology can be developed using standard printed-circuit-board methods, but where standard PCBs incorporate an electrical circuit on each layer, Soundstrate PCB technology also incorporates acoustic layers, which may comprise waveguides, acoustic filters and active components. Communication between layers is achieved by placing acoustic as well as electrical vias in the circuit.\nDesign of acoustic layers within the Soundstrate PCB requires proprietary design tools whilst fabrication demands a modified manufacturing process capable of forming the acoustic channels within the PCB’s structure. The cost of these additional steps is kept low through the use of standard, highly automated processes within the production flow.\nMark Donaldson, Soundchip’s CEO, said, “Soundstrate PCB technology represents an exciting new approach to audio system design providing an innovative means of deploying complex audio circuits within compact geometries while at the same time reducing part count and cost.”", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://posterprintingnyc.info/smart-tips-for-uncovering-safety.html", "date": "2020-01-22T02:23:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250606269.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200122012204-20200122041204-00394.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9441398978233337, "token_count": 487, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__46463361", "lang": "en", "text": "Switches and electrical receptacles require to be covered on the walls through the use of wall plate covers that can be mounted easily on the wall. These wall plates are designed in different ways where there can be a single hole up to four holes. The number of holes present will influence the number of devices that are likely to be connected to the switch, socket or the electrical receptacle. Other than purchasing wall units, one can request the manufacturer to make custom made wall plates where one will give the specifications on the number of holes that will be used for attaching devices to the switch or electrical spectacle. The wall plate covers are usually made using a variety of materials depending on the choice of a person including brass, aluminum, copper, bronze, plastic, wood, porcelain, steel, ceramic and any other suitable material. The choice of any material used in manufacturing the wall plates depends on the environment it will be operating, its application as well as the aesthetics of any given environment.\nThere are a variety of wall plates depending on how they are to be used including blank wall plate, blank TV, data jack, cover for duplex outlet, phone jack, plate for toggle switch, decorative, combination as well as screwless wall plate. The purpose of these wall plates is to protect the switches and the electrical receptacles while also providing some decorations on the wall that is likely to cover some wall imperfections while they can contrast or blend in the wall. Screws are usually used in the installation of wall plates. When the wall plates are installed on surfaces that are not structurally strong such as the drywalls and plasters where a mountain bracket is highly recommended to enhance the strength of these attachment points for the wall plate.\nThe electrical receptacles that are covered by the wall plate cover are devices that allow equipment that requires electricity to operate to be connected to the power supply in a building or any other sites. The insulated sleeves, socket apertures that have blocking shutters, recessed sockets as well as those receptacles that are only made to accept those plugs that are compatible to it and they also need to be inserted in the recommended correct orientation are some other devices that can be used instead of wall plate covers to enhance safety.\nWall plate covers usually prevent exposure of long cables on the wall surface only exposing just a few short wires. These wall plates also enhance the decorations in a building hence making it more beautiful.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://qdtuoyuanhardware.en.made-in-china.com/product/RbsJoejypOUZ/China-PVC-Coated-7X7-Galvanized-Steel-Wire-Rope-6mm.html", "date": "2018-02-22T14:25:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814124.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222140814-20180222160814-00475.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6553747653961182, "token_count": 683, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__139357368", "lang": "en", "text": "PVC Coated 7X7 Galvanized Steel Wire Rope 6mm\n|FOB Price:||US $1,463 / Ton|\n|Min. Order:||1 Ton|\n|Min. Order||FOB Price|\n|1 Ton||US $1,463/ Ton|\n|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, D/P, Western Union, Paypal, Money Gram|\n- Model NO.: WIRE ROPE\n- Cross Sectional Shape: Round\n- Type: Galvanized\n- Surface Treatment: Electro Galvanized\n- Status: In Hard State\n- Size: All\n- Core: FC/Irwc\n- Transport Package: Wooden Reel or Plastic Spools\n- Origin: Jimo\n- Material: Iron Wire\n- Application: Cages\n- Wide in Width: 1.1M\n- Metal Wire Drawing: Hot Drawing\n- Thickness: Metal Fiber\n- Market: Global\n- Trademark: TY\n- Specification: 6mm, 7mm, 10mm...\n- HS Code: 73121000\n|01||Name||PVC Coated Steel Wire Rope|\n|04||Diameter Range||From 1.0mm to 12.0mm|\n|07||Surface treatment||PVC coated|\n|09||Tensile Strength||1670N/mm2, 1770N/mm2,1960N/mm2|\n|10||Lay direction||R. H. O. L or L. H. O. L|\n|11||Packing detail||Plywood reel+Pallet|\n|12||Characteristics||Good corrosion-resistance , well resistant against wear|\nSpecifications and Marks can be produced according to customers 'requirements\nPrimary competitive advantages: Quality assurance, reasonable prices, service country of origin, experience technical staff, excellent product performance\nHow to order:\n1.Size: Diameter of the rope in millimeter or inches\n2.Construction: Number of strands, number of wires per strand and type of strand construction.\n3.Coating: Bright(ungalvanized), galvanized or stainless, PVC or Grease.\n4.Type of Core: Fiber core( FC), independent wire rope core(IWRC) or independent wire strand core(IWSC).\n5.Length: Length of wire rope.\n6.Lay: Right regular lay, left regular lay, right lang lay, left lang lay.\n7.Packing: In coils wrapped with oil paper and hessian(orp.p) cloth, or on wooden reels.\n8.Grade of wire: Tensile strength of wires.\n9.Quantity: By number of coils or reels, by length or weight.\n10.Lubrication: Whether lubrication is desired or not, and required lubricant.\n11.Purpose: For which rope will be used.\n12.Breaking Load: Minimum or calculated breaking load in tones or pounds.\n13.Remarks: Shipping marks and any other special requirement\n14. Payment term: 30% advance. for the balance should be paid after see the copy of B/L;100% L/C at sight.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ferrarolaw.com/glossary/asbestos/", "date": "2022-05-23T04:56:27Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662555558.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220523041156-20220523071156-00022.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9702138304710388, "token_count": 542, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__75746562", "lang": "en", "text": "If you were seriously injured, remember that it is crucial to choose the right law firm to represent your interests. We have been doing this for more than three decades, and have the resources you need to challenge any opponent.\nAsbestos (pronounced or ) is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals which all have in common their eponymous asbestiform habit: long (roughly 1:20 aspect ratio), thin fibrous crystals, with each visible fiber composed of millions of microscopic “fibrils” that can be released by abrasion and other processes. They are commonly known by their colors, as “blue asbestos”, “brown asbestos”, “white asbestos”, and so on. Asbestos mining began more than 4,000 years ago, but did not start large-scale until the end of the 19th century when manufacturers and builders used asbestos because of its desirable physical properties: sound absorption, average tensile strength, its resistance to fire, heat, electrical and chemical damage, and affordability. It was used in such applications as electrical insulation for hotplate wiring and in building insulation. When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with cement or woven into fabric or mats. These desirable properties made asbestos a very widely used material, and its use continued to grow throughout most of the 20th century until the carcinogenic effects of asbestos dust caused its effective demise as a mainstream construction and fireproofing material in most countries. However around 2 million tons of Asbestos were still mined per year as of 2009, half in Russia. It is now known that prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious and fatal illnesses including malignant lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis (a type of pneumoconiosis). Health issues related to asbestos exposure can be found in records dating back to Roman times. By the beginning of the 20th century concerns were beginning to be raised, which escalated in severity during the 1920s and 1930s. By the 1980s and 1990s asbestos trade and use started to become banned outright, phased out, or heavily restricted in an increasing number of countries. The severity of asbestos-related diseases, the material’s extremely widespread use in many areas of life, its continuing long term use after harmful health effects were known or suspected, and fact that asbestos-related diseases can emerge decades after exposure ceases, have resulted in asbestos litigation becoming the longest, most expensive mass tort in U.S. history and a significant legal issue in many other countries. Asbestos-related liability also remains an ongoing concern for many manufacturers, insurers and reinsurers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.hmplb.nl/en/pages/hemp-fabrics", "date": "2022-08-17T10:22:49Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572898.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817092402-20220817122402-00213.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9037331342697144, "token_count": 246, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__48776019", "lang": "en", "text": "It is also possible to buy our hemp fabrics as a company. Our hemp fabrics are 100% organically grown, harvested and manufactured on European soil.\nHemp is known as the most eco friendly crop. It uses less water, less land and minimal to no pesticides to grow and harvest when compared to other widely used crops for fibers. Therefore it leaves the smallest ecological footprint on our planet.\nProperties of hemp fabrics\nHemp fabrics can be used to create any textile product. It is a great alternative to the most commonly used fabrics such as cotton. Hemp fabrics are:\n- Strong and very durable\n- Feels soft and natural\n- Absorbs water\n- It breathes so it’s perfectly suited for summer clothing or bedding\nDyeing - All of our fabrics are exclusively dyed with environmental positive dyes. No chemical bases for dyes, and all finishing is done with consideration to the ecological side effects of the process.\nRequest a sample pack\nIf you are interested in purchasing our fabrics, please contact us at info@hmplb and request a sample pack (€14,95).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.meridastudio.com/veledo/", "date": "2014-04-24T14:42:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206147.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00402-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9040314555168152, "token_count": 170, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-15", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__155873781", "lang": "en", "text": "Merida’s Veledo leather flooring tiles combine the luxurious aesthetic of leather with the durability of a hard surface. Veledo is made of recycled leather from European mills; this sustainable flooring is an elegant way to convey luxury and exclusivity. A range of natural colors and textures offer a variety of ways to make a unique and lasting impression.\nVeledo leather flooring may be used in high-end retail stores, boutique hospitality projects, residential design, corporate offices, design showrooms, and restaurants, bars, and lounges.\nIf you would like to consider including Veledo Recycled Leather flooring in your project or home please contact us for samples and to find showrooms near you.\nPhone: (800) 345-2200\nView our installation video of Veledo Recycled Leather flooring.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://befib2016.ca/about-befib-2016/", "date": "2018-02-20T15:05:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812978.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220145713-20180220165713-00201.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8729650378227234, "token_count": 155, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__43089857", "lang": "en", "text": "About BEFIB 2016\nAbout the Conference\nThe conference is intended for a world-wide audience of researchers and practitioners with backgrounds in structural and/or materials engineering. It includes structural and construction engineers, builders and building consultants, construction industry personnel, academics, researchers, students, product manufacturers, material suppliers, project managers and contract administrators, asset managers, government infrastructure authorities and others.\n|Submission of 200-word abstracts||Extended to Oct 15, 2015|\n|Acceptance notification to authors||Extended to Oct 30, 2015|\n|Submission of full draft manuscripts||Extended to Feb 15, 2016|\n|Acceptance notification to authors||April 30, 2016|\n|Submission of final manuscripts||May 30, 2016|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://fillergroup.gatech.edu/", "date": "2013-05-21T08:22:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699798457/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516102318-00063-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9066846966743469, "token_count": 147, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__151832632", "lang": "en", "text": "Welcome to the Filler Research Group at the Georgia Institute of Technology!\nWe are a multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers that seeks to dramatically advance the structural complexity and function of nanoscale materials. In pursuit of this goal, we are pioneering the application of in-situ spectroscopic techniques to interrogate the fundamental processes that govern the bottom-up synthesis of these materials, particularly inorganic semiconductor nanowires, and their resultant properties. These studies are laying the atomic-level chemical foundation necessary to rationally manipulate growth mechanisms such that structure can be robustly engineered at multiple length scales. We subsequently use this information to design novel materials with applications in fields such as energy conversion, electronics, and photonics.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://china.youth.cn/news/bussiness/200909/t20090922_1031261.htm", "date": "2018-09-24T03:56:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160142.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924031344-20180924051744-00150.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9503650665283203, "token_count": 273, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__181271962", "lang": "en", "text": "China National Building Material Group Corporation, China's largest building materials manufacturer, plans to expand its overseas sales volume to 50 percent of its total business to meet the increasing demand from overseas markets.\nThe parent company of Hong Kong-listed China National Building Material Co (CNBM) will accelerate the development of overseas business to 50-percent proportion from the current 30 percent in five years, the company chairman Song Zhiping said.\n\"The company will speed up the construction of cement production lines in developing countries in South Asia, Middle East and Africa, and promote high-value added products such as glass fiber in European and American market,\" he said.\nThe company's sales revenue reached 36 billion yuan by August this year, up 32 percent compared with the same period last year, according to Song.\nBuilding material sales in the country rose 16 percent in the first half of this year, compared to the same period last year.\n\"CNBM's overseas expansion is in line with the company's internationalized strategy and the trend of growing demand in cement sector from other developing countries,\" said Pu Zhongdong, analyst, Guohai Securities.\n\"Some Chinese companies such as Sinoma International Engineering Corporation did a very good job in building cement production lines in developing countries by combining multiple advantages of China's advanced technology and cheap labor force,\" said Pu.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nicoletaylorboutique.com/products/siri-layered-cuff-soko", "date": "2021-10-21T21:23:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585441.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021195527-20211021225527-00244.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9175854325294495, "token_count": 442, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__224138205", "lang": "en", "text": "Brass is a metal alloy of copper and zinc. Known for its durability and workability, brass has been used for centuries — the first example of brass jewelry dates from ancient Rome. Our favorite part? Aside from how good it looks, brass is sustainable! Today almost 90% of all brass in the world is recycled.\nAn affordable alternative to gold, brass allows us to produce statement pieces that have a luxurious look and feel, at accessible prices. We use solid brass, ensuring that every piece we make is a long-lasting heirloom. Since we don’t use plating over a base metal, our products are easy to clean, and you don’t need to worry about the color wearing off.\nAll of our cow-horn products are crafted from the horn of Ankole Longhorn cattle, a breed native to the Rift Valley of East Africa. Soko artisans ethically procure this recycled material, which is a byproduct of the food industry, from nomadic tribes in Kenya and Uganda. Reclaimed horn has gorgeous natural variation in its color, so every piece is individual as a result and can range from a dark lustrous black to striated natural tones.\nRemove jewelry before participating\nin physical activity or going to bed.\nStore your jewelry in a cloth bag\naway from natural sunlight and heat.\nFor brass: use a gentle metal polisher and a\nsoft cloth to remove tarnish and restore luster.\nOur materials don't mix well with moisture.\nAvoid contact with water, lotion and perfume.\nSince brass is a natural alloy it will gradually patina over time with exposure to oxygen and moisture. If you prefer a bright sheen, this effect can be achieved with a quick polish. All of our pieces can be polished with a brass cleaner (we use Brasso) and a soft cloth or paper towel. To clean using ingredients you may already have at home, mix lemon juice and baking soda into a paste, rub onto surface with a cloth, then rinse off and buff dry to a shine. To care for your horn jewelry, avoid exposure to excessive moisture or sunlight. Wipe clean with a soft cloth.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://api-in.com/processes_and_specifications/", "date": "2021-01-16T08:43:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703505861.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116074510-20210116104510-00033.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9307584762573242, "token_count": 620, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__257105234", "lang": "en", "text": "Anodizing is an Electrolytic process through which a layer of oxide is produced on the surface of the part to improve the properties of corrosion resistance. It improves adhesion properties of bonding, wear and tear resistance. Anodizing can be done on highly corrosive metals and the anodizing process creates an oxide on the surface of the part which prevents the metals from corroding. Based on the characteristic of a metal, different types of aqueous solutions are used. Anodizing on Aluminum and Aluminum alloys are done with Tartaric Sulphuric Acid or Chromic Acid whereas for Steel and Titanium metal parts, anodizing is done with Boric or Sulphuric Acid.\nTo improve the traceability of the part/product and to make the metal active and to bring the grains on the surface, Etching is carried out on the parts. Marking is done through either chemical or non- chemical means like electro chemical etch marking, ink jet marking, marking with pens and Tagging on to Steel, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy products and precise etching is done from a mixed acids on Titanium parts.\nTo improve the corrosion resistant property and for aesthetic, Moly Coat and Painting is done either using solvent based paint or water based paint. Application of paint can be done using conventional spray or electrostatic or electrophoretic processes. Once the painting of the part or product is carried out, it is marked for with a batch number for traceability.\nPassivation and Salt Spray are standardized and popular corrosion test methods, used to check corrosion resistance of materials and surface coatings. Once the passivation is done by using a light coat of a protective material, such as metal oxide which creates a shell, it has to then undergo a corrosive attack in order to evaluate (mostly comparatively) the suitability of the coating for use as a protective finish. This corrosive attack is done by a Salt Spray test and the appearance of corrosion products (rust) is evaluated after a pre-determined period of time. Test duration depends on the corrosion resistance of the coating; generally, the more corrosion resistant the coating is, the longer the period of testing before the appearance of corrosion/ rust.\nNADCAP accredited Cadmium Plating is a robust and versatile metal coating process which is widely accepted in the Aerospace industry. Some of the main functions of Plating are to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, and for radiation shielding.\nImparting residual compressive stresses in the surface layers of metallic components is one of the ways to improve their fatigue strength characteristics. Shot peening is employed for imparting residual stresses by means of cold work by shooting tiny steel balls on the surface from a certain height with pressure to enhance the compressive strength of the material. In this process compressive stress is induced to considerably reduce the risk of fatigue cracks during this operation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://in.booksc.org/book/3694529/b66940", "date": "2020-01-19T19:32:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594705.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119180644-20200119204644-00323.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8843062520027161, "token_count": 6589, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__69633072", "lang": "en", "text": "मुख्य Journal of Hazardous Materials Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured TiO2-carbon films obtained by means of electrophoretic..\nपुस्तक ऑनलाइन पढ़ें\nYou may be interested in\nMost frequently terms\nit is very standard book because all criterion for the best book has\n27 April 2019 (10:59)\nNice books...thank you\n10 May 2019 (10:01)\nJournal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 Photocatalytic properties of nano-structured TiO2-carbon films obtained by means of electrophoretic deposition J.M. Peralta-Hernández a , J. Manrı́quez a , Y. Meas-Vong a , Francisco J. Rodrı́guez a , Thomas W. Chapman a , Manuel I. Maldonado b , Luis A. Godı́nez a,∗ a Electrochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquı́mica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703 Querétaro, México b Plataforma Solar de Almerı́a-CIEMAT, Crta. Senés s/n, Tabernas, Almerı́a 04200, Spain Received 12 October 2006; received in revised form 12 January 2007; accepted 15 January 2007 Available online 19 January 2007 Abstract Recent studies have shown that the light-absorption and photocatalytic efficiencies of TiO2 can be improved by coupling TiO2 nano-particles with nonmetallic dopants, such as carbon. In this paper, we describe the electrophoretic preparation of a novel TiO2 -carbon nano-composite photocatalyst on a glass indium thin oxide (ITO) substrate. The objective is to take better advantage of the (e− /h+ ) pair generated by photoexcitation of semiconducting TiO2 particles. The transfer of electrons (e− ) into adjacent carbon nano-particles promotes reduction of oxygen to produce • hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) which, in the presence of iron ions, can subsequently form hydroxyl radicals ( OH) via the Fenton reaction. At the • • + same time, OH is formed from water by the (h ) holes in the TiO2 . Thus, the OH oxidant is produced by two routes. The efficiency of this photolytic-Fenton process was tested with a model organic compound, Orange-II (OG-II) azo dye, which is employed in the textile industry. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide; Nano-composite; Orange-II; Photocatalysis; Fenton • 1. Introduction Heterogeneous photocatalysis for water-treatment technologies has attracted the attention of many research groups around the world . Among advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), photocatalytic treatment offers a capability for destroying • organic contaminants by oxidation with hydroxyl radicals ( OH) that are generated under mild conditions [2,3]. The best-known photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2 ). The band-gap value of anatase TiO2 is around 3.2 eV, which enables UV light of wavelengths smaller than 400 nm to activate the catalyst . The mechanism of photocatalysis involves the promotion of an electron (e− ) from the valence band (VB) into the conduction band (CB) of the semiconducting oxide, creating a hole (h+ ) in the VB according to Eq. (1). TiO2 + hν → ∗ e− cb + h+ vb Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 442 2116006; fax: +52 442 2116007. E-mail address: email@example.com (L.A. Godı́nez). URL: http://www.cideteq.mx (L.A. Godı́nez). 0304-3894/$ – see front matter © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.053 (1) In water, this process is followed by the formation of OH at the semiconductor surface as well as direct oxidation of organic compounds (R), according to the following reactions : + • h+ vb + H2 O → OH + H (2) − • h+ vb + OH → OHad (3) + h+ vb + Rad → R (4) Meanwhile, the electrons that are promoted to the CB can react with electron acceptors, such as oxygen, present in the solution : •− e− cb + O2 → O2 (5) In recent years, many studies have been made in order to improve the catalytic efficiency of TiO2 . The addition of other materials, for example carbon, has been of interest because this material can promote the adsorption of organic compounds to be transformed [6,7]. The effect of carbon on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 has been tested [8,9], and improved photocatalytic effectiveness has been reported by several authors J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 589 Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the mechanism for the photocatalytic action of nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films on an organic target molecule. Direct oxidation occurs on the semiconductor, while electrons are transferred from the TiO2 particles to the Vulcan carbon particle, forming peroxide by oxygen reduction, and promoting the Fenton reaction in solution. [10–12]. Other workers have found that the recombination of holes and electrons, the major cause of inefficiency, can be retarded by applying a small positive potential to the TiO2 , and consequently the degradation of organic compounds through photoelectrocatalysis is enhanced . According to research done by Egerton and Christensen , the method of preparation of the electrodes is the most important determinant factor for controlling the photocatalyst activity [15–17]. In this work, we report a preliminary study in which two approaches to water treatment are combined, photocatalysis and Fenton’s reaction, which involves the homogeneous conver• sion of peroxide to OH. Vulcan carbon has been incorporated with nanoscale TiO2 particles in a mixed surface film, resulting in a nano-structured composite TiO2 -carbon photocatalyst for oxidative wastewater treatment. The overall reaction scheme is illustrated in Fig. 1. The electrons ejected by UV illumination to the CB can reduce dissolved oxygen (ORR) on the carbon surface to produce hydrogen peroxide. Ferrous ion in solution subsequently catalyzes the conversion of peroxide to • • OH, an effective oxidant. At the same time OH is also produced directly from water by the holes in the semiconductor. With this scheme, we hope to enhance the degradation of organic compounds present in the water. In this study, the efficacy of the composite photocatalyst is tested by observing the decolorization of Orange-II (OG-II) azo dye as a model organic compound. solutions described in this work were prepared using water type I, according to ASTM-D1193-991 . Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments were performed using a BAS-Zahner IM6 potentiostat/galvanostat in a three-electrode cell. Photocurrent spectroscopy (PS) experiments were made using a quartz cell irradiated with a Xe lamp 6257, 100 W, and a 77250 monochromator (Oriel); this arrangement was calibrated using an Eppley 17043 thermopile. Structural characterization of the films was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker-AXS D8 Advanced diffractometer equipped with a Cu tube for generating Cu K␣ radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the TiO2 electrode surfaces was carried out using a JEOL-5400LV microscope. The test for H2 O2 production was conducted in 40 mL of a Na2 SO4 solution (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 . The illumination was provided by a low-pressure mercuryvapor UV lamp (UVP Inc., P = 75 mW/cm2 , λ = 365 nm). The reactor was made of Duran® glass, and the illumination was direct. Hydrogen-peroxide concentration levels in the solution were determined by titration with titanium (IV) oxysulfate [Ti(SO4 )2 ] with spectrophotometric detection at 406 nm . Color changes in the course of the OG-II reaction were followed at λ = 487 nm, using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Spectronic 20D+ Milton Roy). 2.2. Electrophoretic deposition of nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reagents and instruments Nano-particulate TiO2 (P25, 80% anatase, 20% rutile, average particle diameter 20 nm) was purchased from Degussa, and Vulcan carbon XC-72R (nominal average particle diameter 5 nm) was provided by CABOT. Conductive glass plates, TEC15, coated with SnO2 films doped with indium (ITO), were supplied by Hartford Glass, USA. Analytical grade OG-II dye (C16 H11 N2 NaO4 S) was obtained from Aldrich, and used as received. Na2 SO4 , FeSO4 ·7H2 O, H2 SO4 , and 2-propanol 99.97% obtained from J.T. Baker were of analytical grade. Analytical grade oxygen (99.99%) was obtained from Infra. All Nano-composite electrodes were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (ED) of the particles on the ITO glasses plates immersed in 10 mL of a colloidal suspension (0.5 g P25 TiO2 powder in 5% (v/v) 2-propanol). Various levels of carbon, ranging from 0 to 0.1 g, were used in the synthesis suspension, based on the method previously reported by Wahl and Augustynsky . Accordingly, a 4 V potential difference was applied between a stainless-steel shield, and the negative ITO plate for a period of 40 s at room temperature. The distance between the electrodes was 2 cm. Following a previous report , fresh electrodes were placed in an oven to sinter the nano-composite film in air at 450 ◦ C for 30 min, and they were then characterized by SEM, XRD, CV, and PS. They were then tested with respect to 590 J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 Fig. 2. SEM images of (A) ITO surface and films formed by ED, and subsequent sintering at 450 ◦ C for 30 min; (B) TiO2 , and (C) nano-structured TiO2 -carbon films. their photolytic activity for hydrogen-peroxide generation, and for their capacity to oxidize the test organic compound, OG-II. The supported films had a geometric surface of 0.16 cm2 , and a true area of 75 cm2 , as indicated by hydrogen adsorption in CV . 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Structure of the surface films Representative SEM images of the experimental surfaces are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2A shows the fresh ITO surface. Figs. 2B and C present the films of TiO2 , and the composite TiO2 -carbon films, respectively, both prepared by ED with a deposition time of 40 s, and sintering. The difference between the simple TiO2 film, and that containing carbon suggests the formation of aggregates that we ascribe to carbon particles in the TiO2 film, and both are much rougher than the ITO substrate. Fig. 3 shows the structural characterization done by XRD measurements with a long time scan (10 s) and small steps (0.02◦ in 2θ). Fig. 3A shows a typical XRD spectrum of the pure nano-TiO2 film, exhibiting 2θ diffraction angles between 20 and 50◦ . In this spectrum several principal peaks can be seen at 25.44, 37.92, and 48.16◦ , respectively; which can be assigned to diffraction Fig. 3. XRD patterns of the electrodes deposited on ITO glass plates: (A) TiO2 film without Vulcan carbon nano-particles, and (B) TiO2 -carbon film formed from a 0.005WC –0.5WTiO2 suspension. J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 from the (1 0 1), (0 0 4), and (2 0 0) planes of anatase, respectively . Also, another peak appeared in 27.5◦ that can be associated with diffraction from the (1 1 0) plane of rutile. Thus, the film formed by ED of the TiO2 particles retained mainly the anatase structure. Fig. 3B shows the comparable diffraction pattern for a sintered film formed from a suspension containing 0.005 g of C in the 10 mL suspension (denoted Wc /WTiO2 = 0.01). It is seen that the pattern exhibits the same peaks (specially the principal diffraction peak at 25.44◦ , that corresponds to the anatase TiO2 structure), but at the same time it is possible to discern the existence of a new signal around 26◦ , corresponding to the carbon present in the film . With these assays, it is possible to infer that the carbon nano-particles present in the film do not introduce a significant change in the anatase structure. 3.2. Production of H2 O2 from dissolved oxygen The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide was tested by immersing the nano-scale TiO2 -carbon structures in 40 mL of an acidic solution (pH 3) containing dissolved oxygen, and illuminating directly the surfaces with UV light at λ = 365 nm. The radiant flux was estimated to be 75 mW/cm2 . The primary objective was to demonstrate the validity of the scheme postulated in Fig. 1, specifically the occurrence of the photolytic oxygen–reduction reaction (ORR) to produce H2 O2 , simultaneously with the reduction of water. The hydrogen peroxide concentration, attained after 60 min of illumination, was measured for films produced with various concentrations of carbon particles in the ED-synthesis suspension. The relevant results, presented in Fig. 4, show the peroxide concentration achieved after 60 min is a function of carbon level. It is seen that the H2 O2 concentration produced with TiO2 nano-particle films containing no carbon was only 1.2 mg/L, but when a low proportion of carbon nano-particles was present, the level of hydrogen peroxide increased by as much as 50%, achieving the value of 1.8 mg/L of H2 O2 . On the other hand, as the carbon level increased further, the peroxide concentration decreased, and fell below the pure-TiO2 value. Presumably, this decrease results because an excess of carbon ultimately reduces the photocatalytic properties of the TiO2 nano-particle. With too much carbon present, 591 Fig. 4. Concentration of H2 O2 produced after 60 min of photocatalytic reaction on the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon surface as a function of the carbon-TiO2 ratio in the deposition suspension, pH 3. The UV light was supplied at λ = 365 nm, and P = 75 mW/cm2 . the light cannot penetrate adequately the TiO2 lattice, and the photocatalytic charge separation is no longer possible. Based on Fig. 4, the best proportion of carbon in the ED process was WC /WTiO2 = 0.01. This condition was used for the subsequent tests. 3.3. Photocurrent spectroscopy and band-gap estimation Action spectra for the TiO2 films without carbon, and for TiO2 -carbon nano-structured films formed by ED (WC /WTiO2 = 0.01) at 40 s deposition time were determined in aqueous solution of NaSO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 . The incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) was calculated using the following relationship : IPCE(%) = 1240 × jph λ × φ0 (6) where jph corresponds to the photocurrent density (A/cm2 ), λ is the incident photon wavelength (nm), and φ0 is the incident photon flux (W/m2 ). The resulting IPCE versus λ curves are shown in Fig. 5A, where it is seen that the absorption region begins around 400 nm (that is, 3.0 eV, related to electron excitation of the TiIII -H2 O doping sites) in close agreement with earlier reports [25–27]. Absorption by the carbon-bearing films is shifted to somewhat shorter wavelengths. In order to calculate Fig. 5. Photovoltaic analysis of the semiconductor films: (A) Action spectra of nano-structured TiO2 and TiO2 -carbon electrodes; (B) band-gap estimation for TiO2 , and nano-structured TiO2 -carbon electrodes, according to Eq. (7). 592 J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 the band-gap energy values, εg , of the two films, we used the following relationship : (IPCE × hν)1/2 ∝ (hν − εg ) (7) and plotted the data from Fig. 5A as (IPCE × hν)1/2 versus hν. The result is shown in Fig. 5B. According to the form of Eq. (7), the band-gap energies may be estimated from the X-axis intercepts to be 3.0 eV for the TiO2 film, and 3.2 eV for the TiO2 carbon. A possible explanation for this difference may be that the presence of the carbon in the sintered TiO2 film affects the doping density of TiIII within the nano-particulate semiconductor . 3.4. Electrochemical behavior of the compositeTiO2 -carbon film on ITO Fig. 7. Photochemical energetics of the TiO2 -carbon nano-structured film. In order to evaluate the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon film, and to confirm its ability to promote the (ORR), we performed CV experiments in the dark, and under UV light irradiated at λ = 365 nm. The tests were conducted in an aqueous solution of NaSO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 and saturated with pure oxygen (O2 ) at atmospheric pressure. Measurements were taken between 0.547 V and −1.03 V versus SCE, and the scan rate was 50 mV/s. The results are shown in Fig. 6. For the simple TiO2 film in the dark (Curve A), one observes essentially no signal with respect to the ORR on the film. With UV illumination, the TiO2 film produced the response shown by Curve B. In this case, we see a cathodic peak at −0.7 V, which corresponds to the ORR on the TiO2 film, with a current reaching about 6.2 mA/cm2 . Using the same conditions we tested the nanocomposite material (TiO2 -carbon). In the dark, very little current was produced, as shown by Curve C. With UV illumination nano-composite TiO2 -carbon film produced the response shown as Curve D. In this case one sees a cathodic current rising to about 8.0 mA/cm2 , which is roughly 50% greater than that obtained with the TiO2 alone. Thus, we may conclude that the composite material is an effective catalyst for the photolytic reduction of oxygen. Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms for the TiO2 and TiO2 -carbon electrodes, in aqueous Na2 SO4 (0.05 M) adjusted to pH 3 with H2 SO4 , and saturated with oxygen, in the dark, and under UV illumination at 365 nm. 3.5. Interparticle electron transfer in the nano-structured TiO2 -carbon film Fig. 7 depicts the energetic relationships for the TiO2 -carbon material under UV light irradiation, with the photons being absorbed by the TiO2 nano-particle thus yielding (e− /h+ ) pairs. The photogenerated electrons can be injected from the CB of TiO2 to the Vulcan carbon particle because the level of the CB is −0.5 eV versus NHE, and the reduction potential of oxygen for the one-electron reduction is −0.2 eV versus NHE. Since this value is less negative than that of the CB potential of TiO2 , thermodynamic conditions favor the electron transfer from the semiconductor to the carbon particle. 3.6. Photocatalytic oxidation of a model organic compound Fig. 1 suggests that the composite photocatalyst, when combined with ferrous ion in solution, should be able to oxidize species in solution by two simultaneous mechanisms: direct oxidation on the semiconductor by the photo-induced holes, • and oxidation by OH formed from peroxide by the Fenton reaction. This premise was tested by comparing the rate of decol- Fig. 8. Comparison of the fractional removal of color of a solution of aqueous OG-II dye (50 mg/L) versus time for films of TiO2 , and the composite TiO2 carbon material, under UV illumination with addition of 0.01 mM of Fe2+ . The UV light was supplied at λ = 365 nm and P = 75 mW/cm2 . J.M. Peralta-Hernández et al. / Journal of Hazardous Materials 147 (2007) 588–593 orization of OG-II dye in solution (50 mg/L) when exposed to either a simple TiO2 film or the composite TiO2 -carbon film, both exposed to UV light and in the presence of ferrous ion (0.01 mM). As shown in Fig. 8, one obtains with the composite catalyst about 30% removal of color within 2 h, which is more than three times the removal achieved with the simple TiO2 photocatalyst. 4. Conclusions This work presents a preliminary study of nano-structured, composite TiO2 -carbon photocatalysts. According to the results, it is possible to synthesize the composite films by ED. The resulting material was shown to promote photocatalytic oxygen–reduction, and our results indicate that, with an optimal ratio of carbon to TiO2 , it is possible to generate H2 O2 in solution at a level 50% higher than that obtained by TiO2 , without carbon. With respect to the band-gap energies, the action spectra indicate that the value for the composite material formed with Vulcan carbon nano-particles is shifted by −0.2 eV, making possible interparticle electron transfer. Finally, it was shown that the TiO2 -carbon catalyst is more effective than simple TiO2 for photolytic oxidation of an organic compound by combining the photocatalytic oxidation with Fenton’s reaction. Acknowledgments The authors thank the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT), and the Council for Science and Technology of Guanajuato (CONCyTEG) for financial support of this work (Grant GTO-04-C02-68). J.M.P.H also acknowledges CONACyT for a graduate fellowship. 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{"url": "https://www.cytosmart.com/publications/self-assembling-elr-based-nanoparticles-as-smart-drug-delivery-systems-modulating-cellular-growth-via-akt", "date": "2021-10-20T06:42:06Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585302.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20211020055136-20211020085136-00123.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9103714823722839, "token_count": 259, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__62481914", "lang": "en", "text": "This work investigates the physicochemical properties and in vitro accuracy of a genetically engineered drug-delivery system based on elastin-like block recombinamers. The DNA recombinant techniques allowed us to create this smart complex polymer containing bioactive sequences for internalization, lysosome activation under acidic pH, and blockage of cellular growth by a small peptide inhibitor. The recombinant polymer reversibly self-assembled when the temperature was increased above 15 °C into nanoparticles with a diameter of 72 nm and negative surface charge. Furthermore, smart nanoparticles were shown to enter in the cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and properly blocked phosphorylation and consequent activation of Akt kinase. This system provoked apoptosis-mediated cell death in breast and colorectal cancer cells, which possess higher expression levels of Akt, whereas noncancerous cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, were not affected. Hence, we conclude that the conformational complexity of this smart elastin-like recombinamer leads to achieving successful drug delivery in targeted cells and could be a promising approach as nanocarriers with bioactive peptides to modulate multiple cellular processes involved in different diseases.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.universalplasticsinc.com/tubing_extrusions.html", "date": "2017-04-24T13:03:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119361.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00401-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8930227160453796, "token_count": 241, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__308217087", "lang": "en", "text": "2650 E. 40th Ave.\nDenver, CO 80205\nToll Free: 1.866.742.7148\nCustom and Standard\nPlastic Tubing Extrusions\nFlexible and rigid tube extrusion manufacturing is our specialty! Based in Colorado, Universal Plastics has provided extruded plastic tubing in various sizes (including metric), and materials for more than 30 years. We extrude a wide range of materials. Because of our ample manufacturing facility, we have many colors and materials in stock for immediate use and shorter lead times.\nWe manufacture parts for the following industries in a wide variety of extrusion plastic materials:\nStreamline your production and save on downtime and costs for your extruded tubing products by using Universal's secondary operations that include winding, coiling, custom cutting and special packaging.\nOur extrusion lines are capable of tubing with an inner diameter (ID) of .125” and outer diameter (OD) of 3”.\nUniversal Plastics has experience making:\nUniversal Plastics ships worldwide.\nSimplify your project, contact Universal Plastics, Inc. for the latest in today’s extrusion technologies.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://weare.thefabricstoreonline.com/products/merino-hemp-blend-stripe-jersey-wave", "date": "2022-05-16T06:26:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662509990.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516041337-20220516071337-00519.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8371748328208923, "token_count": 198, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__308856296", "lang": "en", "text": "sign up to our newsletter to get 10% off your first order! >\nMerino / Hemp Blend Stripe Jersey - Wave\n$5.50 USD $22.00 per metre ( $5.50 USD per 1/4 metre)\n// A deadstock lightweight merino/poly/hemp single jersey in a wave blue stripe. The fabric has been knitted in an alternating plain blue and marle blue stripe. The hemp content gives this fabric a hazy marle fleck effect with slubs throughout. A matt fabric with an almost-opaque finish. This knitted fabric has a soft, warm hand feel and natural, mechanical stretch. The added polyester content gives this versatile fabric increased durability and performance over time. Merino wool is a soft hypoallergenic fibre with unique thermal properties that is easy care (machine washable). It is ideal for a wide range of fashion garments, sportswear, childrenswear and baby products.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://armorapparel.ca/products/dbi-sala-fall-protection-nano-lok%E2%84%A2-self-retracting-lifeline", "date": "2021-02-24T17:55:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178347293.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20210224165708-20210224195708-00572.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6616683006286621, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__4920103", "lang": "en", "text": "- Swiveling anchorage loop with carabiner\n- 6 ft (1.8 m) 3/4 in (19 mm) Dyneema® fibre and polyester web lifeline\n- Self-locking snap hook on lifeline\n- Compact, lightweight design\n- Durable, impact-resistant thermoplastic housing\n- Quick activating speed-sensing brake system\n- High capacity external energy absorber and impact indicator\n- Length: 6'\nLifeline Length: 6'\nLifeline Material: Polyester/Web\nSwivel or Stationary: Swivel\nUnit Connector: Carabiner\nUnit Connector Material: Steel\nLifeline Connector: Snap Hook\nLifeline Connector Material: Steel\nCSA Certification: Type 1", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://fredschollmeyer.blogspot.com/2012/10/sponge-frisket-used-in-painting-laid-to.html", "date": "2018-05-24T11:46:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794866276.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180524112244-20180524132244-00155.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9398565292358398, "token_count": 122, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__35612154", "lang": "en", "text": "This is an image of the frisket film used in painting \"Laid to Rust.\" I've also included two other materials used in painting the artwork. The object in the lower left is a natural sponge. I used this to add texture to the dried grass area under the car. I simply dipped the moist sponge in the grass colored paint and lightly dabbed it onto the surface. The object in the lower right corner is a commercially made texture shield (template). I held this up to the surface and using the airbrush sprayed paint onto the shield to produce some of the rust texture on the car.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.reflexprinting.com/blog/antibacterial-lamination", "date": "2021-11-30T15:19:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964359037.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130141247-20211130171247-00457.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9189532399177551, "token_count": 905, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__47731379", "lang": "en", "text": "Jun 20, 2020\nIts regular laminates that have been specially treated with a silver based anti-microbial agent. It is durable and does not wear off with use. You can clean the film and it remains effective. It is safe and silver has been used for centuries in medical applications and to help protect foods from spoiling.\nAnti Microbial Film Frequently Asked Questions:\nWhat is Anti Microbial Film?\nAnti Microbial Film is a thermal lamination film that is enhanced with the antimicrobial protection of Agion Technologies. Anti Microbial Film helps to prevent the growth of bacteria, molds, mildews, and fungi.\nWhat should I know about bacteria?\nWe are surrounded by a multitude of microscopic organisms. One bacterium can reproduce a million times in just one hour. Some bacteria can survive on documents for months. Anti Microbial Film was specifically developed to effectively control against the growth of unwanted microorganisms on laminated documents.\nWho needs Anti Microbial Film?\nIndividuals working in medical and scientific settings, restaurants and food service, schools or other settings are especially concerned about bacteria. In environments such as these, individuals must use extra care to ensure that contamination sources are controlled. Anti Microbial Film provides an added line of defense against the growth of unwanted bacteria.\nHow does it work?\nAnti Microbial Film incorporated Agion’s silver based antimicrobial agent. When microorganisms are exposed to the antimicrobial agent, the lifecycle processes of the organism are interrupted, and the organism’s reproductive capabilities are affected.\nIs Anti Microbial Film safe?\nYes it is. Studies have show Agion’s antimicrobial agent to be less toxic than table salt. Silver, the antimicrobial agent that is used in Anti Microbial Film has been used for centuries in medical applications and to protect various food products from spoilage. Today, silver is used to control bacteria growth in extremely susceptible medical environment such as burn wards and on “in body” medical devices.\nHow long will the Anti Microbial Film protection last on my laminated document?\nCurrent testing suggests that the active Agion antimicrobial in Anti Microbial Film will not wear off with cleaning or use. In fact, under normal conditions, the laminated piece will most likely wear out or become outdated before the active antimicrobial becomes ineffective.\nWill Anti Microbial Film protect me from illness?\nNO IT WILL NOT, Agion antimicrobial are EPA registered as a preservative and bacteriostatic agent. Under EPA regulations, the antimicrobial may be incorporated into Anti Microbial Film for the sole purpose of protecting the laminated article from the spread of unwanted bacteria, fungi, mold, and mildew. Anti Microbial Film reduces the likelihood that the bacteria will grow on the laminated surface.\nWill Anti Microbial Film contribute to the development of resistant bacteria?\nNo. Anti Microbial Film with Agion’s antimicrobial agent is completely inorganic and has not been linked to the adaptive resistance seen with organic materials like antibiotics.\nWhat organisms will Anti Microbial Film kill?\nThe EPA prohibits listing specific health claims that indicate which microorganisms Agion’s antimicrobial agent will kill. Agion’s antimicrobial agent has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of many common bacteria typically found in food services, hospitals and clinics, dental offices, schools, and day care facilities.\nIs Anti Microbial Film More expensive than standard laminating Films?\nYes, the added benefits of Anti Microbial Film are at a higher price. If maintaining a hygienic environment is important, the added cost of Anti Microbial Film far outweigh the additional expense.\nAnti Microbial films come in 1.5 mil Delustered for use on 1 or 2 sided applications, such as menus, magazine covers, book covers, posters, documents, and any application where you want a dull finish.\nThe Polyester based films come in 1.5 mil, 3 mil and 5 mil thickness in a gloss finish. Theses films are designed for 2 sided applications and can be flush trimmed or have a sealed border on them. Ideal uses are for menus, brochures, posters, charts, hospitals, daycare facilities, signage or anywhere that has a high tough point.\nPlease contact us for more information:\nSource: R&M Trade laminating", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://aliengearholsters.com/gun-belt-features", "date": "2021-04-21T02:08:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039503725.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421004512-20210421034512-00188.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8926995992660522, "token_count": 397, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__122036762", "lang": "en", "text": "English Bridle Leather\nThe Alien Gear Leather Gun Belt is both comfortable and strong, using drum dyed English Bridle leather hand cut to the specifications of the customer. This type of gun belt leather ages well over time and will provide you and your handgun with plenty of proper support. Our gun belts are cut to the standard 1.5” width.\nEmbedded between the two layers of English Bridle leather is a strong spring-steel core. This durable, flexible material will provide you with a gun belt that will offer the strong support your pistol or revolver requires. Your steel reinforced leather gun belt will never sag under the weight of your gun. Pair this gun belt with a ‘Cloak Tuck 3.0’ IWB holster and conceal the strength of steel.\nMilitary Grade Thread (Tex 270)\nOur gun belt craftsmen use ultra-thick polyester thread to stitch the premium leather belt layers together. This prevents the gun belt layers from separating over time, while also adding a sleek appeal to the handgun belt.\nCorrosion Resistant Gun Belt Hardware\nThis nickel-plated roller belt buckle allows the belt to effortlessly ‘roll’ through your buckle without damaging the gun belt. Couple this with a pair of sturdy snaps, and you’ve got yourself a good gun belt.\nTriple Edge Belt Finish\nTo give a smooth and uniform finish to each Alien Gear gun belt, a select group of skilled craftsmen bevel, burnish and paint the edges of each premium Alien Gear Gun Belt ideal for open or concealed carry. The Triple Edge Finishing process also protects the leather from a variety of daily hardships.\nDouble Layered Gun Belt\nTwice the leather means twice the gun belt strength. Every Alien Gear Gun Belt is made with two 7 oz. layers of English Bridle leather, which will provide your firearm with the support it deserves. Our gun belts are approximately ¼” thick.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://shenangoriverwatchers.org/sample-page/recycling-info/", "date": "2024-02-28T06:12:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474697.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228044414-20240228074414-00478.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9069870114326477, "token_count": 609, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__189068665", "lang": "en", "text": "Recycling Resources for the Shenango River Watershed\n2023 Recycling Opportunities\nShenango River Watchers hosts an annual Tire Recycling program on the Saturday of Memorial Day weekend every May. Check our current Calendar of Events for more information.\n- Mercer – Lawrence Counties Backyard Composting Guide\n- Vermicomposting / Worm Bin Composting Information\nPennsylvania’s Covered Device Recycling Act states that effective in January, 2013, landfills may no longer accept electronics. These items must be recycled. Items included in this disposal ban are televisions, computers (including monitors, keyboards, mice, printers), and cell phones.\nRecycling in Pennsylvania\nRecycling in Ohio\nReasons to Recycle\nWhy Recycle Aluminum?\n- Aluminum is infinitely recyclable.\n- More than half of the aluminum used to make the nearly 100 billion beverage cans each year in North America is from recycled aluminum.\n- Recycling one can saves enough energy to run your TV for eight hours or a 100-watt light bulb for ten hours.\n- It takes 95% less energy to recycle aluminum than create it from raw materials.\n- Recycled aluminum requires less energy, so it produces 95% less emissions, such as greenhouse gases.\nMore facts about aluminum can recycling\nWhy Recycle Steel?\n- Recycling steel prevents the need to mine additional iron and coal, the primary ingredients to make new steel.\n- Producing new steel from virgin materials requires more non-renewable energy than steel made from recycled steel.\n- Steel recycling saves landfill space as well as provides a scrap resource to the steel industry.\n- For every ton of steel recycled, 2500 pounds of iron ore, 1400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone are conserved.\n- At current rates of recycled steel use, the steel industry conserves the equivalent energy to power about 18 million homes for 12 months.\nMore facts about steel recycling\nWhy Recycle Glass?\n- Glass is 100 percent recyclable and can be recycled endlessly without any loss in purity or quality.\n- Recycled glass is always a component of making new glass (in addition to sand, soda ash, and limestone). The more recycled glass, the greater the reduction in energy use. This lowers manufacturing costs and benefits the environment. Raw materials are conserved and less energy demand reduces CO2 emissions.\nOur Can Drop program has ended. We are extremely grateful to everyone who has donated their cans and scrap metal over the years to help us raise money for projects and cleanups. We would also like to thank Kilgore Sales and Service/ Towing in Hermitage for all of their support over the years, as well as Tri-County Industries for lending us the dumpster for several years, and The Engraving Place for allowing us to use their parking lot as the can drop location. Thank you!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.lowcarbonenergy.co/news/new-wavy-solar-cells-could-revolutionise-efficiency/", "date": "2023-11-29T15:23:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100112.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129141108-20231129171108-00465.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9368729591369629, "token_count": 558, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__77131581", "lang": "en", "text": "As one of the world’s most widely-used renewable technologies, solar cell technology is evolving all the time. Most recently, researchers have come up with a new invention around solar power technology with the creation of what is being referred to as wavy solar cell, in reference to intentionally curvy cells that don’t conform to the usual design aesthetics of a solar panel nor weigh anything like as much either.\nWhat’s in a wavy solar cell?\nResearchers at the Power Roll in conjunction with the University of Sheffield have developed a new technique of using tiny grooves on either side of a cell with electrical contacts and then fitting semiconductors within the grooves themselves. The idea with this 3D design is that it reduces the complexity of a traditional flat solar panel by stripping out several of the usual steps along the way. This radically simplifies what’s traditionally needed with producing photovoltaic modules.\nNew materials and weight differences\nThe new type of wavy solar cell is unlike flat solar panels that are used currently. The ability to use different, lighter materials in the production of wavy solar cells gives more flexibility to manufacturers. The good news with this newer cell design is that it’s substantially lighter than current solar panel installations. This has a bearing both on the transportability of a pack of solar panels and where they can be fitted. With less weight, panels based on the wavy cell design will be easier to bring out to remote, off-grid locations or to ship them to local solar panel fitters too.\nOnce they go into mass production, the expectation is that these types of wavy cells will be less expensive to produce with no cost to their durability. The lesser weight with this new style is more advantageous to developing worlds in situations where panels must be imported because they’re not made locally.\nIn the push to make renewable energy better, cheaper and easier to set up, a solar panel comprised of lightweight wavy cells is certainly of interest to the scientific community. There’s greater flexibility on what materials are used, perhaps offering the potential for price competitiveness when eventually reaching mass production due to accelerating demand.\nWhile new or wavy cells have pricked the attention of renewable energy enthusiasts, they’re still years away from mass production. In the meantime, the solar solutions we offer are still fantastic for saving you money on your energy bills, reducing your carbon footprint and improving your green credentials. We have decades of experience behind us, making us the perfect people to help you achieve a solar solution that’s precisely tailored to your business. You can find out more about commercial solar for business right here on our site, or alternatively give us a call on 01282 421 489", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sedulitas.co.za/shop/ion-implanted-silicon-detectors/", "date": "2024-04-13T07:31:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816586.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413051941-20240413081941-00819.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.898403525352478, "token_count": 189, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__77885997", "lang": "en", "text": "SARAD detectors have been approved for thousand times as OEM parts or inside our radiation detection equipment.\nKey features are the robust design, low background and the outstanding spectroscopic performance even at low bias voltages. Only a 10 volts bias is required to deposit the whole emission energy of an alpha particle (up to 10 MeV) within the depletion layer. The BS types, especially designed for beta detection, provide a depleted region of 500 µm.\nAll types can be used under ambient conditions as well as in vacuum gauges. The entrance window is protected by an thin aluminium layer with a thickness of 50 nm (type V) or 500 nm (type E). The thicker aluminium of the E type detectors make them especially suitable for ambient light applications.\nThe detectors are delivered with a Microdot jack (industry standard) to guarantee the full compatibility with other manufacturers. BNC or SMA type jacks are optionally available.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.truefiber.com/blogs/fiber-forum/what-is-a-fiber-optic-pigtail-and-what-is-it-used-for", "date": "2023-12-11T12:03:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00235.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9192821383476257, "token_count": 2235, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__298521492", "lang": "en", "text": "What is a Fiber Optic Pigtail, and What Is It Used For?\nWritten by Ben Hamlitsch, trueFIBER Fiber Technical Specialist, RCDD, FOI\nA fiber optic pigtail is a type of fiber optic cable with only one end that has a factory-terminated connector and the other end exposed as bare fiber. A fiber optic pigtail is typically used for field termination with a mechanical or fusion splicer. When compared to field-installed rapid termination or epoxy and polish connections, pre-terminated optical pigtails with connectors save time while providing improved performance and reliability.\nThe manner in which fiber optic cables are connected to the system is critical to the network's success. Optical signals can travel across the fiber optic network with minimal attenuation and return loss if done correctly. Fiber optic pigtails are an excellent technique to link optical fibers, and they are employed in a high percentage of single-mode applications. This topic covers the fundamentals of fiber optic pigtails, such as pigtail connection types, fiber pigtail specifications, and fiber optic pigtail splicing techniques.\nFiber Pigtail Specifications\nA fiber optic pigtail is a fiber optic cable with one end terminated with a factory-installed connector and the other end unterminated. As a result, the connector side can be connected to equipment, while the other side is fused in the case of fusion splicing and a mechanical connection in the case of mechanical splicing optical fiber cables. Fiber-optic pigtails are used to connect fiber-optic cables using fusion or mechanical splicing. High-quality pigtail cables, combined with proper fusion splicing techniques, provide the highest performance for fiber optic cable terminations. Fiber optic pigtails are commonly encountered in fiber optic management equipment such as an ODF (optical distribution frame), a fiber terminal box, and a distribution box.\nWhat Is the Difference Between a Fiber Pigtail and a Fiber Patch Cord?\nOnly one end of a fiber optic pigtail has a fiber connector inserted, leaving the other end empty. A fiber patch cord is terminated with fiber optic connectors on both ends. Patch cord fibers are often jacketed; however, fiber pigtail cables are typically unjacketed since they are spliced and protected in a fiber splice tray. Furthermore, patch cord fiber can be divided into two parts to create two pigtails. Some installers prefer to do this to save the hassle of testing pigtail cables in the field—they simply test the performance of a fiber patch cord before cutting it in half to make two fiber pigtails.\nTypes of Fiber Optic Pigtails\nThere are several types of fiber optic pigtails available: pigtail connector types include LC fiber pigtails, SC fiber pigtails, and ST fiber pigtails, among others. There are two types of fiber optic pigtails: singlemode fiber optic pigtails and multimode fiber optic pigtails. In terms of fiber count, 6 and 12 fiber optic pigtails are available on the market.\nTypes of Fiber\nSinglemode (colored yellow) and multimode (colored aqua or violet) fiber optic pigtails are available. Multimode fiber optic pigtails are made of 62.5/125 micron or 50/125-micron bulk multimode fiber cables that are terminated at one end with multimode fiber optic connectors. Fiber optic pigtails for 10G multimode fiber cables (OM3 or OM4) are also available. Typically, the jacket color of 10G OM3 and OM4 fiber optic pigtails is aqua. Singlemode fiber pigtail cables are made of 9/125 micron singlemode fiber cable and are terminated at one end with single-mode fiber connectors.\nTypes of Fiber Pigtail Connectors\nThere are various types of pigtail cable connectors terminated at the end, such as LC fiber pigtails, SC fiber pigtails, ST fiber pigtails, FC fiber pigtails, MT-RJ fiber pigtails, E2000 fiber pigtails, and so on. Each has its own advantages in diverse applications and systems due to their different architectures and looks. Let's go over some popular ones.\nLC Fiber Optic Pigtail: A non-optical disconnect connector with a 1.25mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule, the LC pigtail cable connector is cost-effective for usage in high-density CATV, LAN, WAN, test, and measurement applications.\nSC Fiber Optic Pigtail: A non-optical disconnect connector with a 2.5mm pre-radiused zirconia or stainless alloy ferrule, the SC pigtail cable connector is cost-effective for usage in FTTX, CATV, LAN, WAN, test, and measurement applications. This connector is most commonly used with internet service providers.\nFC Fiber Optic Pigtail: FC fiber pigtails benefit from the metallic body of FC optical connections, which have a screw-type structure and high-accuracy ceramic ferrules. FC fiber optic pigtails and related items are widely used in a variety of applications.\nST Fiber Optic Pigtail: The most common connector for multimode fiber optic LAN applications is the ST pigtail connector. It has a ferrule with an extended 2.5mm diameter composed of ceramic (zirconia), stainless alloy, or plastic. As a result, SC fiber pigtails are commonly used in telecommunications, industry, medical, and sensor applications.\nFiber optic pigtails, like fiber optic patch cords, are classified as UPC or APC. SC/APC pigtail, LC/APC pigtail, and SC/UPC and LC/UPC pigtail are the most widely utilized varieties.\nChoosing the Right Fiber Pigtail\nWhen choosing a fiber pigtail, there are several factors to consider, including:\nCompatibility: The pigtail must be compatible with the optical components that it will be connecting.\nLength: The pigtail must be the correct length to accommodate the distance between the two optical components.\nConnector type: The pigtail must have the same connector type as the optical components that it will be connecting.\nOther factors: Other factors to consider may include the pigtail's performance specifications, such as its attenuation and bandwidth.\nThere are a few things to keep in mind when installing fiber pigtails\nThe Dos and Don'ts of fiber pigtail installation:\n- Use the correct tools and procedures.\n- Clean the connectors before and after installation.\n- Inspect the pigtails for damage before installation.\n- Don't overfill splice sleeves when installing them into the splice case.\n- Don't bend the pigtails too much—no more than the recommended bend radius.\n- Don't expose the pigtails to harsh environments; most pigtails are designed for indoor applications.\nBenefits of using a fiber optic pigtail\nThere are many benefits to using a fiber-optic pigtail, including:\nEase of installation: Pigtails are easy to install and can be used to connect devices quickly and easily.\nVersatility: Pigtails are available in a variety of connector types and lengths, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.\nDurability: Pigtails are made from high-quality materials and are designed to withstand harsh environments.\nCost-effectiveness: Pigtails are a cost-effective way to connect devices and extend the reach of your network.\nUse cases for fiber optic pigtails\nFiber optic pigtails are used in a wide variety of applications, including:\nBuilding fiber optic networks: Pigtails are used to connect various components in fiber optic networks, such as optical transceivers, optical amplifiers, and optical splitters.\nTesting and maintenance: Pigtails are used to test and maintain fiber optic networks. They can be used to connect test equipment to the network or to isolate a problem area.\nData centers: Pigtails are used in data centers to connect optical transceivers and patch panels. This enables data centers to handle large amounts of data traffic efficiently and with minimal signal loss.\nTelecom networks: Pigtails are used in telecom networks to connect various devices, such as telephones, routers, and switches.\nSecurity systems: Pigtails are used in security systems to connect cameras, sensors, and controllers.\nHow to choose a fiber optic pigtail\nWhen choosing a fiber optic pigtail, there are a few factors you need to consider, such as:\nThe type of connector: Pigtails are available with a variety of connector types, such as SC, LC, and ST.\nThe length of the pigtail: Pigtails are available in a variety of lengths, from a few centimeters to a few meters.\nThe type of fiber optic cable: Pigtails are available for both singlemode and multimode fiber optic cables.\nThe environment where the pigtail will be used: Pigtails are available for indoor and outdoor use.\nTypes of Fiber Pigtail Splicing\nMechanical splicing is a simple alignment device that allows light to enter from one fiber to the other by holding the ends of the two fibers in precise alignment. This method has been around for many years. It continues to be popular because it provides immediate, straightforward termination and requires fewer consumables than traditional epoxy-polished connector methods. Mechanical fusion splicing has a lower initial investment but a higher cost per splice.\nFiber fusion splicing is a technique that uses high temperatures generated by the discharge between electrode rods to fuse optical fibers. Fiber splicing is stronger than mechanical fusion splicing, producing less loss and back reflection because the resulting splice point is virtually seamless. However, this method requires an expensive fiber optic fusion splicer, resulting in a higher initial investment but a lower cost per splice.\nTo learn more about mechanical splicing and fusion splicing, read our article, Fiber Optic Splicing: Examining the Factors that Affect Splice Performance.\ntrueFIBER Pigtail Solutions\nFiber optic pigtails are a versatile and cost-effective way to terminate your bare fiber cable as well as connect devices and extend the reach of your network. They are easy to install, available in a variety of connector types and lengths, and made from high-quality materials. Pigtails are used in a wide range of applications, including building fiber optic networks, testing and maintenance, data centers, telecom networks, and security systems. We offer a variety of singlemode pigtails for your application needs.\ntrueFIBER presents the information on our website, including the “Fiber Forum” blog and live chat support, as a service to our customers and other visitors to our website subject to our website terms and conditions. While the information on this website is about data networking and electrical issues, it is not professional advice and any reliance on such material is at your own risk.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.titanstrapping.com/tools-strap/pppet-strap-pis/?tx_eseverinclude_pi1%5Bp%5D=05000202&L=3", "date": "2023-02-09T00:08:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500983.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208222635-20230209012635-00789.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8894244432449341, "token_count": 451, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__186103217", "lang": "en", "text": "The fine art of plastics\nPET belongs to the polyester family and is probably best known to us through the production of beverage bottles. The outstanding properties and versatile benefits of this thermoplastic material make it ideal for use in many other areas and as a strap.\nPET tape does not rust and therefore leaves no marks on packaging or directly on the product. The elastic elongation of 8% makes it possible to hold the packaging firmly together even when shrinking - for example, due to stacking or drying out. PET strap is a real alternative to steel strap in certain application.\nPolyester is six times lighter than steel and helps reduce costs on many levels. TITAN PET strap is made of 100% recycled material, is UV-resistant for decades and impresses with a high reliability rate. This makes it particularly popular for strapping pallet loads or bales, for example in the wood and building materials industry.\nFinally, the \"burst behaviour\" and thus the reduced risk of injury is also a decisive factor for the frequent use of polyester tape. By the way: TITAN can produce and deliver PET strap in coils up to 350 kg.\n|Technical Data |\n|Dimensions ||from 9 x 0.60mm to 32 x 1.40mm |\nfrom 3/8 x 0.024'' to 1 1/4 x 0.055''\n|Breaking load || ≥ 450 up to 550 N/mm2 |\n≥ 65,267 to 79,771psi\n|Breaking load approx. ||up to 12,000 N I 2,700 lbf |\n|elongation (A5) min approx. || ≥ 12 % |\n|Surface ||smooth, textured |\n|Winding ||oscillated wound |\n|Form of delivery ||skid pallets, frames for jumbo coils, special skids on request |\n|Quality Management ||Our quality management is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001. |\n|Roll sizes ||Standard-roll 25 kg I 55 lbs |\nJumbo-roll 75 kg I 165 lbs\nSuperjumbo-roll 150 kg I 330 lbs\nMegajumbo-roll 400 kg I 881 lbs", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.crazy3dprint.com/en-US/", "date": "2023-03-26T09:13:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945440.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326075911-20230326105911-00151.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.77464759349823, "token_count": 370, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__19019960", "lang": "en", "text": "CZ-300 (CZ Generation)\nEASY INSTALLATION & OPERATION\nDesigned with functionality and usability in mind.\nLARGE BUILD SIZE\nWe understand your basic 3D printing need of having a large build volume. Our CZ-300 printer provides a build area of 300x300x300mm (11.8x11.8x11.8 inches) for you getting started.\nNEW NOZZLE DESIGN\nThe selected 0.4 mm nozzle is made of copper that came with the hotend supporting max temperature up to 260 °C. Its feature delivers good printing quality of this DIY 3D printer.\nHEATED PRINT BED & CONSTANT TEMPERATURE CONTROL\nOur CZ-300 printer is installed a heated print bed that can be setup with the consistent printing temperature from 40 to 90°C. Its feature serves variety of filament materials to fulfil your printing needs.\nLCD GRAPHICAL INTERFACE\nThe control box uses 3”LCD adopted the graphical interface optimization for friendly usage.\nSUPPORTED MULTIPLE FILAMENTS\nPLA, ABS, PETG, Carbon Fiber PLA, Metallic PLA etc.(includes third-party filaments)\nPRODUCT SAFETY CERTIFICATION\nThe product has CE, LVD, and FCC safety certification to keep safe in use.\nSteel Nozzle Tip\nPrint Bed Glass", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.nano.unh.edu/", "date": "2017-05-01T04:07:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917127681.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031207-00585-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8137876987457275, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__208157103", "lang": "en", "text": "THE MILLER RESEARCH GROUP\nB.S., 1987, Clarkson University\nPh D., 1991, Clarkson University\nPost-Doctoral Fellow, 1990-92, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.\nResearch Chemist, 1992-93, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.\nSenior Chemist, 1993-95, Exxon Research and Engineering Co.\nAssistant Professor, 1995-2001, University of New Hampshire\nAssociate Professor, 2001-06, University of New Hampshire\nProfessor, 2006-present, University of New Hampshire\nGlen P. Miller\nClass of 1944 Professor of Organic Chemistry and Materials Science\nDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science Program\nUniversity of New Hampshire\n218 Parsons Hall\n23 Academic Way\nDurham, NH 03824-3598\nWelcome to our site. The Miller Group at the University of New Hampshire conducts research at the intersections of synthetic and physical-organic chemistries, materials chemistry and nanotechnology. We also initiate and conduct numerous outreach activities including industrial engagement and activities for K-12 teachers and students. Please explore our site to find out more.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mrcreationsllc.com/product/shockwave-impact-duty-red-helix-titanium-drill-bit-set-23pc/", "date": "2024-04-16T10:42:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817081.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416093441-20240416123441-00827.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9023022055625916, "token_count": 174, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__175409791", "lang": "en", "text": "Our MILWAUKEE® SHOCKWAVE Impact Duty™ 23PC RED HELIX™ Titanium Drill Bit Set is engineered for extreme durability and long life. The QUAD EDGE™ tip delivers a precision start and features four cutting edges to create smaller chips for faster material removal and less heat leading to improved performance. Designed with a VARIABLE HELIX™ flute that begins with an aggressive 35° helical angle and ends at 15° for rapid chip removal. The bits also feature an internal thicker tapered web that greatly increases strength, reducing premature breakage. Ideal for various applications including but not limited to wood, plastics, and metals. MILWAUKEE® RED HELIX™ Titanium Drill Bits provide up to 5X life vs. black oxide drill bits. The set is organized in a customizable accessory case designed for use in PACKOUT™.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://3-dat.com/?page_id=52", "date": "2024-04-16T22:29:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817112.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416222403-20240417012403-00331.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.912173330783844, "token_count": 408, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__20692198", "lang": "en", "text": "As the rapid growth of population, the global community faces incredible challenge from energy consumption, the environment and health. Industrial catalysis not only plays a key role on reducing the raw materials and energy consumption, but also on the environmental pollutants control. However, Inevitable use of precious metal makes the prices of catalysts staying at a high level. Reducing the price of catalysts through reducing usage of precious metal as well as reserve its activities is a key technical challenge and economical concern in catalysts industry.\n3D Nano-array catalysts invented in University of Connecticut provide a potential solution on reducing the usage of precious metals and critical materials in catalysts. 3D- Nano-array based structured catalysts provide some new opportunities for the structured catalysts: 1) enhance the mechanical stability due to the improved adhesion between direct grown nano-array catalysts and substrate; 2) improve the thermal stability by reducing materials aggregation and surface area loss induced by high temperature sintering; 3) tune the catalytic efficiency through morphology, shape and crystalline modification.\nThrough using our game changer 3D nano-array catalysts technology, 3DAT aims to supply monolithic catalysts with 30% lower price of state-of-art monolithic catalysts used in catalytic converter with the same or even improved performance. With the patented process, we in-situ fabricate the high efficiency nano-catalysts on the converter device, the technology not only can decrease the price but also improve the lifetime of catalytic converter for 20%.\n3D Array Tech is developing Low-temperature Diesel Oxidation Catalysts, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to meet the emission control target for Diesel engine.\n3D Array Tech is still in the R&D stage, and we just passed the proof of concept stage. We are working on the first prototype product for LNT catalsyts. We are expecting to get the first prototype and finish the catalytic performance test in this year.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://carson.arizona.edu/person/spencer-yeager", "date": "2024-04-14T14:16:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414130604-20240414160604-00893.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9091904759407043, "token_count": 151, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__19313411", "lang": "en", "text": "Spencer Yeager is a Ph.D. student studying Analytical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona. Prior to arriving in Tucson, he received a B.S. in Chemistry and Minor in Information Science and Technology from Temple University in Philadelphia, PA. His current research involves understanding electron transfer at organic semiconductor interfaces, where he primarily uses electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Understanding these processes can help set design guidelines for fabricating better performing energy generation and storage technologies. Spencer believes that these materials, which are low cost, printable, and environmentally friendly, will be the key to making renewable energy and energy storage accessible to everyone, and lead to a more sustainable future.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://silverinthecity.com/products/2024-Baby-Baggu-p625072193", "date": "2024-04-25T05:11:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297284704.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425032156-20240425062156-00483.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9492135047912598, "token_count": 241, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156655045", "lang": "en", "text": "A smaller version of Baggu's original reusable shopping bag. Perfect for your lunch, a six pack, extra shoes, or a trip to the corner store.\nBaggu's commitment to sustainability means...\nMinimal Waste Design: To minimize waste and increase durability, reusable bags are assembled from one continuous piece of recycled nylon material, with the neck of the bag used to construct the carrying pouch.\nRecycled Nylon: Starting with their Spring 2022 collection, all of ripstop nylon styles are now made with 100% recycled nylon filament yarn (up from 40% recycled before). This 100% recycled nylon yarn is produced from pre-consumer waste, which saves scrap material from being landfilled — meaning every Standard Baggu is now made entirely from nylon that would otherwise go to a landfill. This also conserves petroleum resources, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.\nRecycled Packaging: Standard Baggu packaging is made from FSC-certified 100% recycled paper stock, with non-plastic eco-friendly coatings that are fully recyclable. The mailers they use to ship orders are made in the US from 100% recycled paper and are fully recyclable.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nativeaz.com/what-is-hydroblasting/", "date": "2023-02-06T19:50:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206181343-20230206211343-00827.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9375199675559998, "token_count": 762, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__31133330", "lang": "en", "text": "What Is Hydroblasting\nHydro blasting is a form of industrial cleaning where high-pressure water is used for lead and paint removal.\nHow Does Hydroblasting Work?\nForce and flow both refer to the amount and pressure of the water. The specific material that needs to be removed will determine which tool needs to be used for removal. If the goal is to remove a substance, both flow and force must be considered in the equation. More flow obviously means more water, yet it also means the material/substance will move more, as well. More pressure is primarily used to “cut” the substance, resulting in less movement.\nOne final important consideration is the type of surface that is to be cleaned. Water applied at high pressures can cut some surfaces, including steel. It’s crucial to apply the right solution based on the surface material.\nWhat Is Hydroblasting Used For?\nHydro blasting is used to clean interior and exterior spaces like pipes, boilers, tanks and cooling towers with high-pressure water. Many industries choose hydro blasting for their cleaning needs because it does not require any harsh chemicals abrasives.\nHydro blasters can also be utilized when cleaning drainage systems, reactors and evaporators. Essentially, the water is used to remove any stubborn materials/substances by force and flow. Hydro blasting has also been used to cut into flammable tanks without risking fires.\nCheck out this video by Native Environmental to see how hydro blasting works:\nNative Environmental in Phoenix, Arizona, has experience in hydro blasted flooring products that include mastic, epoxies and thin sets, exterior paint removal project from buildings and tanks, and literally hundreds of miles of lead based paint striping from highways, airports and parking structures. Other hydro blasting applications include:\n- Large mastic and epoxy coating removal on vertical and horizontal surfaces.\n- Lead based paint removal from highways, airports and parking.\n- Removal of non-hazardous coatings.\n- Thin sets.\n- Exterior paint removal from tanks and buildings.\n- IDF rooms where dust is an issue.\n- Stripping coatings from smelter stack on a mine site.\n- Vessels and tanks.\n- Polymer removal.\n- Surface preparation and cleaning.\n- Boilers, condensers, heat exchangers, process lines.\nHydroblasting Services By Native Environmental LLC In Phoenix, Arizona\nNative Environmental has the equipment and trained personnel to offer a service to our clients that saves both time and money on large mastic and epoxy coating removal projects on vertical or horizontal surfaces. The hydro-blasting system uses high pressure water blasting equipment with full water and debris recovery to remove the mastic and coatings while containing all of the generated water and debris so that it can be properly segregated for disposal. The transportation industry has been using the system for years for the removal of lead based paint striping from roadways with a high degree of success, and likewise, Native has been using it to remove flooring mastic and lead based paint coatings, as well as the\nUsing up to 40,000 psi of water pressure, Native Environmental’s hydro-blasting services utilize equipment that is capable of removing almost any coating on horizontal and vertical surfaces, and leaving behind a clean and usable substrate for the purposes of re-application. Without the use of messy solvents that can cause odor issues and problems with the put back of other materials, this system can save time and money, particularly on larger scale projects. Use of the hydro-blasting system, with total recovery, allows a clean surface while still regarding the removal and disposal of hazardous substances.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/ap/ap4lab/en/equip/", "date": "2018-01-20T02:47:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084888878.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120023744-20180120043744-00506.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9175118207931519, "token_count": 337, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__6763322", "lang": "en", "text": "Aerosol research needs various analytical instruments.\nMany of the aerosol particles are less than one micrometer in size, which makes it difficult to observe under an optical microscope. Electron microscope is used to investigate different types of particles and their characteristics. Unlike optical microscope, which uses light to magnify the image of an object (such as magnifying glasses), electron microscope uses electron beam, which has much shorter wavelength and theoretically enables to observe an atomic level of objects. By using electron microscope and the sample's interference effect, their compositions, crystal structure, and chemical bonding state can be analyzed.\nThere are two different types of electron microscope; TEM and SEM. The difference between the two are that TEM uses transmitted electron beam to analyze the sample, while SEM uses secondary or backscattering electrons. TEM has following advantages: 1) it can observe the internal structures of a sample and 2) it obtains higher resolution. On the other hand, since TEM uses a transmitted electron beam, the sample must be thin, and TEM needs high voltage and high vacuum. On the other hand, SEM uses secondary electron which makes it easier to analyze the surface of samples. The weakness of using SEM is that an electron beam spread within a samples, making it difficult to gain a high resolution mages. TEM is normally used to observe the inner structure of particles smaller than 1 micrometer, and SEM is used when particles are bigger than that.\nSome aerosol particles contain Nitrate, Sulfate, Chloride, and Ammonium. In order to understand the compositions and amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, we use IC.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://douglas.co.uk/vb.htm", "date": "2019-04-19T22:30:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578528430.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419220958-20190420002958-00532.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8092597126960754, "token_count": 476, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__54009249", "lang": "en", "text": "US toll free:\n+44 (0) 1488 649090\n+44 (0) 1488 648975\nDouglas Vapor Batch Plate\nThe Douglas Vapor Batch Plate is designed for both microbatch and vapor\ndiffusion (sitting drop) crystallization. It has 96 wells in the center and\nseveral reservoirs around the outside. The reservoirs can be used to\npreserve microbatch crystals by preventing drying out of the wells, or they can\nbe used for simple vapor diffusion experiments where up to 96 wells are\nequilibrated against a single precipitant (preliminary experiments suggest that\nthis method finds more hits in screening experiments than the conventional\nmethod of using the same solution in the reservoir and the drop).\nTwo versions of the Vapor Batch plate are available: treated (hydrophilic) and untreated (hydrophobic). We recommend the treated hydrophilic version for most applications including screening.\nThe untreated hydrophobic plates are useful for some optimization experiments and for some detergents and proteins. Experiments dispensed to the treated hydrophilic plates tend form disc shaped drops whilst experiments dispensed to\nthe untreated hydrophobic plate tend to form rounder taller drops - Please see example drops in image below\nPlease click here for detailed instructions for using the Douglas Vapor Batch Plate.\nHolders are available from Douglas Instruments to provide a regular Linbro or SBS ( i.e. regular 96-well) footprint.\nThe Douglas Vapor Batch Plate was designed and is manufactured by Douglas Instruments. It can be obtained from Douglas Instruments and from Hampton Research.\nDouglas Instruments is running a competition for the best use of the Douglas Vapor Batch Plate.\n|VB-SILVER-2/1-80||Untreated hydrophobic Vapor Batch plates - box of 80 plates|\n|VB-GOLD-2/1-80||Plasma treated hydrophilic Vapor Batch plates - box of 80 plates|\n|VB-SILVER-2/1-10||Untreated hydrophobic Vapor Batch plates - box of 10 plates|\n|VB-GOLD-2/1-10||Plasma treated hydrophilic Vapor Batch plates- box of 10 plates|\nFor prices see the Products page.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.brooksplumbingco.com/blog/plumbing-service/what-to-know-about-new-plumbing/", "date": "2023-12-03T14:10:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203125921-20231203155921-00264.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9636533856391907, "token_count": 711, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__298066537", "lang": "en", "text": "Over the course of the years, many advancements have been made to indoor plumbing to further improve how fresh and wastewater are transferred to and from homes throughout Olympia and beyond. For many decades, the type of piping materials most commonly used included clay, cast iron, and galvanized steel. But each has fallen out of use by professional plumbers due to their tendency to break down or corrode.\nSo if you are looking to schedule a new Olympia plumbing installation to replace your existing pipes (this service is called repiping), it’s probably because your home was built in a time that these materials were still common, and your current plumbing is in danger of failure from corrosion. Fortunately, when you call on our team for this service, you can count on our plumbers using the right material, to ensure that your new plumbing lasts for many, many years. So, what are these materials?\nThis tends to be the most common type of metal used in plumbing systems today. Copper is used for hot and cold tap water, as it can effectively handle both—while older piping is more susceptible to corrosion from hot water. Copper is lightweight, easy to work with, and as a result, costs less than other types of metals.\nSoft copper, also known as ductile copper, is easy to bend to make it easier for our plumbing to lay in new pipes. However, most water-carrying pipes do consist of rigid lines. Copper is resistant to corrosion, which is one of the main reasons it replaced steel. This doesn’t, however, mean that it is corrosion proof. There are some types of corrosion that can still impact copper, like pitting corrosion or damage from liquid, store-bought, drain cleaners. We’ll get to that below!\nCPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)\nThis is a type of plastic tubing that most homeowners are familiar with—if not by name then at least by sight. It’s becoming more popular due to its corrosion-resistance, even at higher temperatures. This makes it a great choice for hot water piping. It’s also flexible, and easy to shape to fit most spaces.\nPEX (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)\nThis is the newest type of plastic piping, now in regular use in the plumbing community. It has a number of various benefits for both residential buildings and commercial alike. It’s very flexible and does not require elbow joints the way that CPVC or copper pipes do. It also costs less than the other piping options (usually by about 25%) and is not susceptible to corrosion.\nLike copper, PEX piping is good for either hot or cold water piping and requires less labor since the pipes don’t need to be soldered together, which makes for a quick and convenient installation.\nStay Away from Liquid Drain Cleaners!\nNo matter what type of piping is running through your complex plumbing system, you can bring all to a halt by using chemical, store bought drain cleaners. That’s because these chemicals are caustic. Sure, they eat through a clog (though, don’t effectively remove it), but that also means they eat away at the lining of your pipes—until you’re left with corroded plumbing and subsequent leaks. Contact our team for professional, effective, and long-lasting drain cleaning that doesn’t rely on these store-bought “solutions”!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.pks.mpg.de/research/highlights", "date": "2022-12-06T06:42:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711074.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206060908-20221206090908-00828.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9283057451248169, "token_count": 393, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__304914555", "lang": "en", "text": "Amorphous solids, which include colloidal glasses, dense emulsions, foams, and granular materials, are ubiquitous and important in both engineering and industry. When subjected to a suddenly imposed stress, they can exhibit a transient flow known as creep during which the flow rate decays as a power law over time. This power law is characterized by a quantity called the creep exponent. If the stress inducing the creep flow is low, the material eventually stops moving. But if this stress is sufficiently high, the power-law decay can be followed by sudden fluidization. Together with colleagues from École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Université Paris-Saclay, Marko Popović of the Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems developed a theory of creep flow that can predict both the creep exponent and the time at which sudden fluidization occurs, as well as the temperature dependence of these two quantities. These predictions have been tested in numerical simulations and are consistent with previously published experimental observations. The key ingredient of the proposed theory is the new concept of a transient yield stress, which reflects the dynamics of the maximal stress that the material could sustain without flowing while it undergoes creep flow. Remarkably, the scaling of the creep exponent and the time of fluidization then follow from generic properties of the transient yield stress for both athermal and thermal systems. The success of the transient yield stress concept opens new exciting questions: What is the origin of the transient yield stress and what controls its dynamics? Can the concept of a transient yield stress be employed to describe other characteristic behaviours associated with the yielding of amorphous solids, such as shear banding instabilities?\nMarko Popović, et al.\n, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129\n, 208001 (2022), Editors' Suggestion\nSelected for a Synopsis in Physics", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.teckentrup.co.uk/industrial-sectional-doors/industrial-sectional-doortype-sl", "date": "2023-12-03T04:41:43Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100484.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203030948-20231203060948-00133.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9049128293991089, "token_count": 454, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__295740736", "lang": "en", "text": "The Teckentrup range of SL sectional doors are made from aluminium frame sections, for a delicate overall impression.\nOur glazing elements are extremely light permeable and provide an elegant optical appearance to any warehouse building. Teckentrup offer the SL sectional door in two thicknesses, 40 mm and 80 mm.\nThe Teckentrup SL 40 sectional door with aluminium frame profile and glazing elements is extremely light permeable and gives every building an elegant style. The high light penetration provides a friendly working environment.\nThe glazing shapes and patterns can be designed individually. Optimum light incidence creates a positive and pleasant work environment. Depending on your wishes and requirements, colour panels to match the frame section can also be combined with the glazing elements. Teckentrup offers the right drive for every type of door.\nImplementing efficient thermal insulation and, at the same time, utilising the many possibilities of lighting design – this is made possible with the SL 80 industrial sectional door. The glazing will convince you with its excellent thermal insulation values and delicate appearance.\nThe SL 80 door type is fully glazed which permits viewing into and out of the hall, allows daylight into the interior and keeps heat inside due to their high proportion of glass construction.\nThe high insulating effect is achieved by the double side seals between the frame and door leaf.\nThe rot-proof bottom seal made from non-freeze EPDM rubber profile smooths out floor unevenness and protects from cold and damp.\nIt securely closes, seals and insulates the door in the lintel across its full width.\nOur products attain a great thermal effect by combining many constructive features: The double-walled, 80 mm thick steel panels are coated with highly-insulating polyurethane (PU) foam and thermally separated from one another.\nIn addition, the door leaf is equipped with a rot-free double seal. In this way, it achieves an extremely low UDvalue of 0.58 W/(m2K)*. A quality that effectively minimises cold or heat losses and tangibly reduces energy costs.\n* Refers to a closed SW 80 door with an area of 5 x 5 m.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.stockpulse.com/montero-mining-and-exploration-ltd/montero-mining-catalyst-clip-with-president-ceo-tony-harwood-at-the-2018-pdac-in-toronto", "date": "2019-12-12T13:43:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540543850.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20191212130009-20191212154009-00524.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8971741795539856, "token_count": 122, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-51__0__124601077", "lang": "en", "text": "Montero Mining Catalyst Clip with President & CEO Tony Harwood at the 2018 PDAC in Toronto\nMontero Mining & Exploration Ltd. is a mineral exploration and development company engaged in the identification, acquisition, evaluation and exploration of mineral properties in Africa.\nMontero’s new strategy is focussed on the battery metals in Africa and is currently exploring the Soris Lithium Project in Namibia. Namibia is one of the most progressive mining investment countries in Africa.\nMontero has a Rare Earth Elements (REE) project in Tanzania and Phosphate project in South Africa.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://grapheneleaderscanada.com/rd-services-d/", "date": "2024-02-22T03:05:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473690.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222030017-20240222060017-00445.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9146396517753601, "token_count": 1666, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__116230913", "lang": "en", "text": "\"Making Great Products Even Greater\"\nGraphene Is the \"Super-Material of the 21st Century\"\nGraphene Leaders Canada is excited to work with companies to develop game-changing solutions that change their competitive advantage in their industry and touch the world with green-technology solutions.\nAccording to a panel of business and graphene experts attending a November 2023 Technology Summit, the “Graphene Revolution” is exploding. It is expected that by 2030, graphene is going to touch the lives of virtually every person, every day. The demand for graphene is expected to revolutionize the performance of many products and industries creating major economic growth.\nResearch and development (R&D) activities help enhance operations, develop new and better goods and services, and boost profits and competitiveness. GLC R&D services assist in implementing cutting-edge technologies and developing new products that are crucial for a business to remain competitive in the face of fast technological innovation. Through R&D development, GLC will work with your company to develop products that are difficult to duplicate by your competitors.\nOur History of R&D Collaboration\nGraphene is an ideal additive for various applications, including lubricants, coatings, structural materials, energy storage and composites. Graphene can also enhance any application where a liquid additive can give your products a competitive edge. We have successfully completed the development of graphene additives for clients in various industries specifically for their application and offer an affordable material solution to improve product performance.\nOur Offerings: GLC Additives\nOur proprietary production process enables us to create custom additives for a specific application. Whether you aim to develop additives for metal parts and surfaces, lubricants, a water-based paint, or any other product idea, GLC is positioned to successfully formulate an additive that delivers the desired properties. Our development options ensure that you can incorporate our customized additive into your product.\nOur team of technical experts can help develop your custom additive by offering:\n· Full-Service R&D for new innovation\n· Consultation services\n· Project planning and project management services\n· Specialized literature review services tailored to your project requirements\nProject Process: Phased Approach\nR&D project will involve one or more development phases based on the\ncomplexity of the project.\n· Phase 1: Feasibility\nInitial R&D to determine feasibility of project work. Proof-of-Concept complete.\n· Phase 2: Validation – comprehensive development.\n· Phase 3: Prototype development. The outcome is a product ready for\npilot or field testing.\n· Phase 4: Field/Pilot Testing – Use in real environment.\nExpression of Interest\nIf you are interested in having a discussion with us about your products and our services or have an idea where graphene can enhance your product, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nCorrosion-Resistant Epoxy Coating Additive\nGLC has the expertise in graphene-enhanced corrosion-resistant coatings and has developed a platform for multiple coatings applications.\nAre you tired of traditional coatings that fall short when it comes to durability and protection against corrosion? Our cutting-edge graphene additive-based coating is a game-changer in the industry, setting new benchmarks for performance and reliability. Our graphene-enhanced epoxy coating offers unparalleled resistance against corrosion, ensuring your assets are shielded from the harshest environments. Say goodbye to frequent maintenance and costly repairs due to corrosion damage.\nOur graphene additive coating is versatile and suitable for various industries, including:\n· Marine and Offshore\n· Infrastructure and Construction\n· Manufacturing and Industrial Facilities\nUpgrade to our graphene additive-based coating today and experience the difference. Protect your investments, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure long-lasting durability in the face of challenging conditions. Contact us now to learn more about how our corrosion-resistant epoxy coating with graphene additive can transform your projects and assets.\nAt GLC, we are at the forefront of innovation, and our groundbreaking graphene additive can seamlessly be integrated into concrete mix to achieve disruptive improvements. Through rigorous R&D and partnerships with a precast concrete company, we have demonstrated tangible improvements in precast concrete, validating the effectiveness of our graphene additive. Benefits of using our graphene additive include unparalleled strength, enhanced durability, increased flexibility, and sustainability.\nWe value collaboration and seek to work closely with you to tailor our additive to your specific concrete formulations and production processes. Our graphene additive is poised to set new benchmarks in concrete performance, offering a competitive edge and opening doors to innovative construction projects.\nContact us today to learn more about how our graphene additive can elevate your concrete production and to discuss potential collaboration opportunities.\nElevate your skiing adventures with GLC’s cutting-edge ski wax,\nenriched with graphene for unparalleled performance. Our innovative additive\nformulation ensures an even distribution of graphene within the wax, providing\nexceptional durability against repeated wear and enhanced hydrophobic\nproperties for a smoother glide through various snow conditions. Say goodbye to\nharmful flourocarbons. Step onto the slopes with confidence, knowing that our\nrevolutionary wax combines peak performance with a commitment to a greener,\nsafer skiing environment. Elevate your adventure today with GLC’s\ngraphene-infused ski wax and experience the difference in every glide.\nReady to elevate your skiing experience? Contact us\ntoday to get your hands on GLC’s graphene-infused ski wax and embark on a\njourney of unparalleled performance and eco-conscious skiing.\nPolysiloxane Protective Coating Additive\nGLC developed Polysiloxane Protective Coating Additive engineered to protect surface against rust, fouling, and more. Experience enhanced hydrophobicity, effortless cleaning, and superior fouling resistance across marine, automotive, and energy applications. Say farewell to corrosion worries as our additive forms an impenetrable barrier, extending surface lifespan by combating rust and oxidation. Enjoy surfaces that stay cleaner for longer, resisting contaminants and biofouling, while effortlessly repelling water and moisture. Simplify maintenance with quick and efficient cleaning, ensuring enduring protection in diverse environments.\nRevolutionize your coatings today with GLC’s Polysiloxane Protective Coating Additive, where innovation meets unparalleled performance. Contact us now and elevate your surface protection to new heights, safeguarding your assets against the toughest environmental challenges.\nElectroless Nickel Coating Additive\nGLC’s Innovative Electroless Nickel coating additive infused with graphene offer Superior Performance. Our pioneering technique integrates graphene seamlessly into aqueous electroless nickel (EN) baths, allowing for simultaneous co-deposition within the nickel phosphorus (NiP) coating. This groundbreaking approach achieves stable graphene dispersion without compromising the bath chemistry, resulting in unparalleled wear resistance against abrasion and boosted lubricity. Experience improved heat transfer properties, optimizing thermal conductivity for enhanced performance in various applications.\nElevate your coatings to unmatched durability and performance levels with GLC’s Electroless Nickel Coating Additive. Contact us today and embrace the future of surface enhancement through our graphene-infused technology.\nGLC Success Story\nThrough all of our development, GLC holds proprietary and trade-secret methodologies to integrate graphene materials into a liquid additive for product development. This ability to successfully and repeatably produce high-quality liquid dispersions and integration capabilities have provided GLC with world recognition in our ability to develop new product innovation.\nOur technical team, led by Dr. Ushula Tefashe, Chief Science Officer, brings a combination of skills, knowledge and expertise to scientific development and innovation. Alongside, GLC’s Director of Research, Dr. Leah Coumont, has held the Vice-Chair position since 2018 for the international standardization of graphene materials.\nThe GLC team brings extraordinary graphene knowledge and expertise to provide the necessary elements for successful product development.\nWhat is your product – and new development idea that will give you a competitive advantage? We are here to help you advance your product offerings.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://separatorequipment.com/products/disc-stack-centrifuges/", "date": "2021-12-06T05:06:12Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363290.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206042636-20211206072636-00157.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8910158276557922, "token_count": 561, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__163689457", "lang": "en", "text": "Disc Stack Centrifuges\nSeparator Spares & Equipment, LLC is an Authorized Distributor for high-speed disc stack separators manufactured by WSK. We supply a full line of solids-retaining centrifugal separators and recommended centrifuge spare parts. They are extremely efficient in removing fine solid particles and liquid contaminants from different kinds of mineral oils.\nEach disc stack centrifuge is arranged as a purifier but all parts necessary to transform it into a clarifier are supplied. Separation takes place in a solid-walled bowl that can be arranged for either purification or clarification. In both cases, the contaminated oil is fed into the center of the bowl where it is separated by centrifugal force into various phases, the heaviest phase (the solids particles) is deposited at the periphery of the bowl. The accumulated sludge and/or solid particles are removed from the bowl regularly by hand.\nWhat is a solid bowl centrifuge?\nA solid bowl centrifuge is a style of centrifuge that is used in Maritime, Power Generation, Oil & Gas, and Industrial Industries for the separation of solids and liquids. In marine installations and power stations, the solid bowl centrifuge technology can be used for cost-effective solid-liquid separation in applications such as purification or clarification of mineral oil.\nWhat is a disc stack centrifuge?\nA disc stack centrifuge uses centrifugal force to separate liquids with a lower concentration of solids and relatively small particle sizes. In a rapidly rotating high speed centrifugal separator the gravity is replaced by centrifugal force, which can be thousands of times greater. Sedimentation and separation are continuous and very fast. When liquid and solid particles in a liquid mixture are subjected to the centrifugal force in a separator bowl, it takes only a few seconds to achieve what takes many hours in a tank under the influence of gravity.\nWhat is a purifier centrifuge?\nA Purifier is a centrifugal separator designed for liquid – liquid – solid separation. The objective of purification is separating two liquid phases (which may contain solids) with the main purpose of cleaning the light phase.\nWhat is a clarifier centrifuge?\nA Clarifier is a centrifugal separator designed for solid – liquid separation. The objective of clarification is separating solids from a liquid phase.\nHow do you achieve the best separation results?\nIn order to achieve optimum separation, it is important to:\n- Choose the correct gravity disc corresponding to the current density, viscosity, and flow rate. The largest gravity disc that does not cause a broken water seal is the correct one.\n- Operate at a constant flow rate.\n- Operate at a constant separation temperature.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://diancempaka.com/pages/plumbing", "date": "2021-12-08T13:34:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363510.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208114112-20211208144112-00588.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8553449511528015, "token_count": 456, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__187403668", "lang": "en", "text": "MM Kembla is a market leader, with nearly 100 years experience in the plumbing industry. MM Kembla is a respected supplier of copper plumbing products including Tube, Fittings and Accessories.\nMM Kembla products are manufactured to stringent Australian and International standards. An extensive range of sizes and variations are stocked nationwide for prompt delivery.\nAll MM Kembla products are backed by MM Kembla's reputation for quality, service and customer care.\nMM Kembla copper Plumbing tube is used for plumbing, gasfitting and drainage applications. Available as ‘Hard Drawn’ straight lengths, (BQ) ‘Bendable Quality’ (half hard) straight lengths, annealed layer wound packs (LWP) or, annealed pancake coils.\nPre-insulated copper tube is available with a green plastic sheathing for pipework exposed to aggressive environments, a biscuit coloured lagging for use with gas, and a lilac coloured lagging for recycled water.\nA full range of capillary fittings, copper alloy fittings, and roll grooved fittings, for use in both pressure and non-pressure applications are available through MM Kembla, used for plumbing, gasfitting, and drainage applications.\n- MM Kembla Copper Fittings Australian Standard AS3688 - brochure\n- MM Kembla Copper Fittings Australian Standard AS3688 – catalogue\n- MM Kembla Copper Fittings New Zealand Standard NZ3501 – catalogue\n- MM Kembla Copper Fittings European Standard EN1254 – catalogue\n- MM Kembla Copper Fittings American Standard ASME B16.22 – catalogue\nNow available from MM Kembla is our new range of copper press fittings. See KemPress® for more details.\nA full range of MM Kembla Assemblies and Accessories are available in various sizes.\nThe vast range includes; Combination and breeching pieces, recess combinations, recess tees, exposed combinations, washing machine combinations & adaptors, annealed & chrome plated copper tube, laundry Arms, spouts, bathroom accessories, water meter assemblies, pipe clips and saddles.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.korteckr.com/products/", "date": "2020-05-27T11:44:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347394074.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200527110649-20200527140649-00482.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.651526153087616, "token_count": 428, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-24", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__51217483", "lang": "en", "text": "100% SPUN POLYSTER SEWING THREADS\nKORTECK Sewing Thread including: Spun Polyester Sewing Thread, Poly/Poly Core Sewing Thread, Cotton/Poly Core Sewing Thread, Polyester Texture Yarn, Spun Polyester Bag Closing Thread, 100% Polyester High Tenacity Thread, Nylon High Tenacity Thread, 100% Nylon Bond Thread\nColor: color card with 400 colors available, small qty order acceptable\n20/2 Jeans ,shoes,caps,leather products,etc.\n20/3 Jeans,shoes,handbags,leather products,etc.\n30/2 Art crafts,handbags,protective suits,etc.\n30/3 Jeans,tents,leather products,handbags,shoes,etc.\n40/3 Protective suits,art crafts,shoes,etc.\n50/2 Knitting garments,suit-dress,underwear,etc.\n50/3 Art crafts,decoration sewing ,field clothes,etc.\n60/2 Ultrathin fabrics,underwear,suit-dress,etc.\n60/3 Coats,suits,trousers,bedsheets quilts,blankets,etc.\n80/2 Embroidering &clothing accessory\n80/3 Underwear,suit-dress,full dress,etc.\nSpun polyester sewing thread is made from high quality staple polyester fibers and silicone oil, could provide good seam performance and lubricity. Spun polyester sewing thread is dyed under 130ºC high temperature, has UV-resistant, anti-chemical degradation feature, is designed for both commercial and industrial use and can be used with serging and regular sewing machines.\nHigh Resistance to Abrasion,High Chemical Resistance,Minimise Skipped Stitches,Excellent Colour Fastness,Extensive Colour Range,Suitable for High Speed Sewing\n|Tex||Tickets Size||Cotton Count||Averages Strength||Elongation Min-Max||Recommended Needle Size|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.cohomebuilders.com/glossary.html", "date": "2019-07-16T10:21:00Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195524522.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20190716095720-20190716121720-00378.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9006430506706238, "token_count": 2291, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__40043512", "lang": "en", "text": "Aerator – A small, removable extension at the tip of a sink faucet that mixes streaming water with air to\nreduce splashing and conserve water.\nAir Hammer – A banging noise in plumbing pipes caused by air infiltration.\nAirway – The space between roof insulation and roof boards, which allows for movement of air.\nAlkali – A soluble mineral salt or mixture of salts capable of neutralizing acids.\nAnchor bolts – Bolts that secure a wooden sill plate to a concrete or masonry floor.\nAsphalt – A residue from evaporated petroleum, insoluble in water, but soluble in gasoline. Melts when\nArc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) – A specialized electrical device that will interrupt electrical power\nwhere a short is detected. Usually installed in bedrooms. The AFCI is in the form of a breaker located in\nthe electrical panel.\nAttic ventilators – Screened openings provided to ventilate an attic space.\nBall cock – A device in a flush toilet consisting of a valve connected by a lever to a floating ball. The valve\ncloses when the ball is raised and opens when allowed.\nBaseboard – A decorative and protective wood molding positioned where the wall meets the floor.\nBase molding – Molding used to trim the upper edge of interior baseboards.\nBeam – A structural member transversely supporting a load.\nBearing wall – A wall that supports any vertical load in addition to its own weight.\nCasing – Molding of various widths and thicknesses used to trim door and window openings at jambs.\nCaulk – Caulk is a building joint sealant used where two dissimilar materials are joined. In time, caulk\nhardens and cracks and should be renewed prior to any painting.\nCircuit Breaker – A switching device, located in the main electrical panel, that opens and closes\nelectrical circuits and automatically shuts off electricity to a circuit should it become overloaded. Once\nthe electrical load is reduced, the breaker switch can be turned back on to resume normal service.\nConcrete dusting – A fine dust that accumulates on finished concrete surfaces.\nCondenser – An exterior unit that is part of the air-conditioning system, which expels heat into the\nConduit, electrical – A pipe, usually metal, in which insulated electrical wire is installed.\nCorner bead – An angled metal edging used to protect and form an edge where drywall panels meet at\nDamper – A device in a fireplace that controls the air draft allowed into the fire.\nDelamination – The separation of the top piles or laminate from the base to which they are attached. In\nvanity and kitchen countertops, the warping or detachment of laminate material from the wood substrate.\nDownspout – A pipe, usually of metal, for carrying water from roof gutters.\nDrywall – Interior covering material, such as gypsum board or plywood, which is applied in large sheets.\nEaves – The margin or lower part of a roof projection over a wall.\nEfflorescence – A white powdery substance that can form on a new block, brick or stucco finishes. It is\ncomposed of water-soluble salts that are present in masonry materials and that rise to the surface via\nFace frame – The front of kitchen and bathroom cabinets, to which the hinged doors attach.\nFace nailing – Nailing through a finished, exposed surface so that the flat top of the nail head is still\nvisible after nailing.\nFascia – The exterior horizontal trim around rafters. Also positioned directly behind gutters and over\ngable trim boards.\nFlashing – Sheet metal or other material used in roof and wall construction to protect a building from\nrainwater penetrating the house structure.\nFlue – A vertical duct, constructed of sheet metal or clay that channels smoke from a fireplace out of the\nFooting – A masonry section, usually concrete, in a rectangular form wider than the bottom of the\nfoundation wall or pier it supports.\nFoundation – The supporting portion of a structure below the first-floor construction, or below grade,\nincluding the footings.\nGable – The portion of the roof above the eave line of a double-sloped roof.\nGabled louvers – A vent with louvers located at the peak of gable ends.\nGraphite lubricant – finely powdered graphite used as a lubricant.\nGround fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) – A specialized electrical device that will interrupt electrical power\nwhere a short is detected. Normally installed in areas where water may be present.\nGrout – A white or colored plaster-like mortar compound used to fill spaces between ceramic tiles.\nHeader – A heavy timber and/or concrete beam that spans open spaces in walls, over doors and\nwindows, and provides support to structural members above it.\nHip roof – A roof that rises by inclined planes from all four sides of a building.\nHoneycomb – In concrete, an open like cell like surface texture that occurs while pouring the concrete.\nHose bib – An exterior faucet connection for lawn and garden hoses.\nInsulation – Any material high in resistance to heat transmission that, when placed in the walls, ceilings,\nor floors of a structure, will reduce the rate of heat flow.\nJamb – The side and headlining of a doorway, window or other opening.\nJoint compound – A plaster like compound used with drywall tape, to join sheets of drywall into a\nsmooth, continuous panel.\nJoists – The horizontal support members used in constructing a floor.\nLockset – A door lock\nLouver – An opening with a series of horizontal slats so arranged as to permit ventilation but to exclude\nrain, sunlight or vision.\nMasonry veneer – A facing of brick or stone laid against and fastened to sheathing of a frame or tile wall.\nMasonry – Stone, brick, concrete, hollow-tile, concrete block, gypsum block, or other similar building\nunits or materials or a combination of the same, bonded together with mortar to form a wall, pier,\nbuttress or similar mass.\nMastic – A construction adhesive that is thick and waterproof.\nMoldings – Shaped strips of ornamental wood used around doors and windows. Also used for base\nmolding, as chair rails and for exterior area molding. Molding finishes the junction of different materials\nNail pops – Nails that come loose from a stud and push joint compound up. Caused by normal wood\nshrinkage and home settlement.\nPointing – The filling and finishing of broken mortar and stone cement masonry joints.\nPonding – The collection of water on driveways, walkways, or lawns. Ponding for excessive periods of\ntime is indicative of grading problems.\nRafter – One of a series of structural members of a roof designed to support roof loads. The rafters of a\nflat roof are sometimes called roof joists.\nR-valve – The resistance of insulation materials to heat loss. The higher the number the greater the\nResilient flooring – Vinyl flooring used in areas such as kitchens, halls, bathrooms and laundry rooms.\nIt is capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation.\nRidge Vent – An open vent system located along roof peaks, which in conjunction with soffit vents,\ncreates ventilation through the passage of natural air.\nRoof sheathing – Boards or sheet material fastened to roof rafters on which the shingles or other roof\ncovering is laid.\nScaling – In concrete, caused by freeze/thaw cycle. In painting, the flaking or peeling away of paint.\nShingles – Roof covering of asphalt, asbestos, wood, tile, slate or other material cut to stock lengths,\nwidths and thick nesses.\nSiding – The finish covering the outside walls of a frame building, whether made of horizontal\nweatherboards, vertical boards with battens, shingles or other material.\nSill – The lowest member of the frame of the structure, resting on the foundation and supporting the floor\njoists or the uprights of a wall. The member forming the lower side of an opening, as a door sill or\nSill plates – A support member laid on the top of the foundation wall that serves as a base for the wall\nSilicone – A synthetic lubricating compound with high resistance to temperature change and water.\nWhen added to caulking, it extends elasticity properties and increases the life of caulking.\nSoffit – Usually the underside of an overhanging cornice or roof.\nSoffit vent – A vent located under the ceiling roof overhang.\nSpackle – See joint compound.\nSpalling – Flaking or chipping of stone or other masonry material. Similar to scaling, but the chips and\nflakes are larger.\nStud – One of a series of slender wood or metal vertical structural members placed as supporting\nelements in walls and partitions.\nSub flooring – A wood sheet flooring directly over the joists that supports the underlayment of floor\nSwale – The soil contour on a building lot deliberately shaped to channel rainwater away from the home.\nTack strips – A wood strip with exposed tack points that are attached to the sub-flooring and holds\nstretched wall-to-wall carpeting in position.\nTread – The horizontal board in a stairway on which the foot is placed.\nTrim – The finish material in a building, such as moldings applied around openings or at the floor and\nceilings of rooms.\nTrusses – Engineered wood structural members used to construct floors and roofs.\nUnderlayment – A flooring layer over the base sub-flooring, over which tile or resilient floor covering is\nValley – The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof.\nVacuum breaker – Also called a back flow preventer, this device is placed on exterior faucets to allow\nwater to only flow out of the home.\nValve seat – An interior part of the faucet valve assembly where the valve rests.\nWall ties – The metal pieces that tie masonry veneer to the frame of the home, or, when pouring\nconcrete, the metal pieces that hold concrete foundation wall forms in place until the concrete cures.\nWashers – Round, rigid rubber or plastic discs used as a sealing device in water faucet valves.\nWeather stripping – A weather-insulating strip of metal placed around doors and windows to reduce\nwater entry into the home. Also reduces air infiltration into the home or the escape of conditioned air out\nof the home.\nWashouts – An area where water has produced soil erosion.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.lighting.philips.com.au/consumer/coralcare/features", "date": "2024-04-17T08:17:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817146.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417075330-20240417105330-00789.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9001577496528625, "token_count": 145, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__116150627", "lang": "en", "text": "CoralCare Gen2 is carefully tailored to suit the demanding conditions of your aquarium. The new, slimmer design is still passively cooled and uses the most efficient LEDs on the market - all without any loss of light quality. It features:\n• Low energy consumption and long lasting, offering over 25,000 hours of light\n• Large thermal cooling surface (7kg) for passive cooling with longer lifetime than noisy fans\n• Highly durable, professional-grade materials\n• Coated metal housing, validated in salt spray environments\n• Low risk of corrosion with proper maintenance\n• IP65-rated, water resistant, easily cleanable glass cover\n• No light sources will need replacing for the entire lifetime of the fixture.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://toptopservices.com/2023/11/09/test-blog/", "date": "2024-04-20T14:19:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00807.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9200191497802734, "token_count": 1383, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__103427960", "lang": "en", "text": "Roofing remodeling trends are evolving to meet the demands of modern homeowners seeking both functionality and aesthetic appeal. Sustainable roofing materials are gaining prominence, with a growing preference for eco-friendly options like recycled metal, reclaimed wood, and cool roofing technologies that enhance energy efficiency. Solar integration is on the rise, as homeowners look to harness renewable energy while maintaining the integrity of their roofs. Architectural shingles with unique textures and shapes are becoming popular, adding a touch of individuality to roof designs. Smart roofing systems are revolutionizing the way roofs are maintained, with sensors for leak detection and programmable features for optimal ventilation. Flat and low-slope roofs are making a statement in contemporary architecture, offering a sleek and minimalist look. Let’s take a closer look at the latest trends in roofing renovation.\nSustainable Materials: Environmental consciousness is a driving force in roofing trends. Homeowners are increasingly opting for sustainable roofing materials such as recycled metal, reclaimed wood, or eco-friendly shingles. These materials not only reduce environmental impact but also offer durability and energy efficiency. Metal roofs, for example, have a long lifespan and can be recycled at the end of their use. Choosing recycled metal roofing not only reduces the demand for new materials but also contributes to the circular economy. Reclaimed wood shingles provide a rustic and charming aesthetic to roofs. These shingles are sourced from old structures or salvaged wood, reducing the need for new timber. Made from recycled tires and other rubber materials, recycled rubber shingles are an eco-friendly alternative to traditional roofing materials. These shingles are durable, resistant to harsh weather conditions, and provide excellent insulation. Using recycled rubber helps reduce the environmental impact of tire waste.\nCool Roofing Technology: Cool roofing technology is a sustainable and energy-efficient solution designed to regulate indoor temperatures and reduce the overall heat absorbed by buildings. Cool roofing often involves applying reflective coatings to the roof surface. These coatings, typically made of reflective pigments or materials like acrylic or elastomeric coatings, reflect a significant portion of the sun’s energy. This reflection prevents the roof from absorbing as much heat, leading to a cooler building interior. The primary goal of cool roofing is to enhance energy efficiency. By keeping the building cooler, less energy is required for air conditioning and cooling systems. This can lead to significant energy savings and reduced utility costs over the life of the roof. Cool roofing contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing the demand for energy and decreasing the urban heat island effect. Cool roofing technology is adaptable to existing roofs. Reflective coatings can be applied to various roofing materials, including asphalt shingles, metal, and modified bitumen, providing an energy-efficient upgrade without a complete roof replacement. Various roofing materials are designed with inherent cool properties. Examples include cool roof shingles, tiles, and membranes that come in a range of colors and styles while maintaining their ability to reflect sunlight and heat.\nSolar Integration: The integration of solar panels into roofing systems is a growing trend that transforms roofs into energy-generating assets. Solar panels or solar roofing tiles seamlessly blend with traditional roofing materials, harnessing sunlight to generate clean and renewable electricity. This innovative approach not only reduces reliance on conventional energy sources but also allows homeowners to contribute to environmental sustainability. Solar integration is adaptable to various roofing styles and materials, providing flexibility in design and installation. As technology advances, solar roofing becomes more efficient, cost-effective, and aesthetically appealing, making it an increasingly popular choice for those looking to embrace renewable energy solutions. Beyond the environmental benefits, solar integration often results in long-term cost savings, making it a wise investment for homeowners seeking both energy independence and a reduced carbon footprint.\nSmart roofing systems: These systems represent a cutting-edge evolution in home technology, seamlessly blending innovation with the fundamental functionality of roofs. Smart roofing systems incorporate a range of intelligent features, such as sensors to detect leaks, programmable ventilation for optimal airflow, and even integrated home automation capabilities. The integration of these technologies allows homeowners to monitor and control their roof’s environment in real-time, providing a proactive approach to maintenance and energy efficiency. Smart roofing systems contribute to a more sustainable and comfortable living experience by optimizing energy use, enhancing insulation, and offering real-time data on the roof’s condition. As the demand for smart homes grows, the roofing industry’s adoption of intelligent systems is revolutionizing the way we think about the role of roofs, turning them into responsive and efficient components of modern living spaces.\nFlat and low-slope roofs: Flat roofs have emerged as a distinctive architectural choice, offering a sleek and modern aesthetic to contemporary buildings. Unlike traditional sloped roofs, these designs provide a clean and streamlined look, enhancing the overall visual appeal of the structure. Flat roofs are particularly popular in urban settings, where space utilization is crucial, allowing for the creation of usable rooftop spaces for recreational or functional purposes. While these roofs require advanced waterproofing and drainage systems to prevent water pooling, their design flexibility and adaptability make them a favored option for modern and minimalist architectural styles. As the trend towards sustainable urban living grows, flat and low-slope roofs also present opportunities for the installation of green roofing systems, further contributing to environmental conservation and energy efficiency.\nGreen roofs and living roofs: Green roofs, also known as living roofs, are innovative solutions that transform conventional roofing into flourishing ecosystems. These roofs are adorned with a layer of vegetation, providing a range of environmental and aesthetic benefits. Beyond their striking visual appeal, green roofs offer natural insulation, reducing energy consumption and lowering heating and cooling costs. They act as natural water absorbers, minimizing stormwater runoff and alleviating strain on drainage systems. The vegetation on green roofs also contributes to improved air quality by capturing pollutants and releasing oxygen. Beyond environmental advantages, these living roofs create habitat opportunities for wildlife and contribute to the overall biodiversity of urban areas. Green roofs exemplify a harmonious synergy between architecture and nature, showcasing a sustainable approach to building design that is increasingly embraced for its ecological and aesthetic contributions.\nThe popularity of roofing remodeling is a testament to the dynamic nature of home improvement trends and the evolving needs of homeowners. The shift towards sustainable materials, solar integration, and innovative technologies reflects a growing awareness of environmental concerns and a desire for energy-efficient solutions. The diversity in roofing styles, from architectural shingles to flat roofs and green roofing, highlights the importance of personalization and aesthetics in contemporary home design. As homeowners increasingly prioritize functionality, sustainability, and individuality, roofing remodeling trends continue to shape the way we view and enhance the exteriors of our homes.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://carmecrazy.com/the-benefits-of-ceramic-car-coating-over-traditional-wax/", "date": "2023-12-07T03:33:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00430.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9512064456939697, "token_count": 833, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__35446341", "lang": "en", "text": "In the world of automotive care, the quest for the perfect shine and long-lasting protection has been a never-ending pursuit for car enthusiasts and owners. Traditionally, car wax has been the go-to solution for achieving that glossy finish and providing some degree of protection for a vehicle’s paint. However, in recent years, a revolutionary alternative has emerged – ceramic car coatings. These coatings have taken the automotive world by storm, offering a range of benefits that surpass traditional wax in almost every aspect. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore why ceramic car coatings have become the preferred choice for many and how they outshine traditional wax in terms of durability, protection, and overall performance.\nLongevity and Durability\nOne of the most significant advantages of ceramic car coatings is their exceptional longevity and durability. While traditional car wax may provide a glossy shine for a few weeks or months, ceramic coatings can last for years. These coatings form a strong chemical bond with the vehicle’s paint, creating a protective layer that is highly resistant to environmental factors such as UV rays, oxidation, and chemical contaminants. This means less frequent reapplication and greater savings in both time and effort in the long run.\nCeramic car coatings offer an advanced level of protection that traditional wax simply cannot match. They provide a robust shield against a wide range of threats, including bird droppings, tree sap, road salts, and even minor scratches. The protective layer created by ceramic coatings acts as a barrier between the paint and these external elements, preventing them from causing damage or etching into the surface. In contrast, traditional wax provides only a limited barrier against such hazards.\nCeramic coatings are known for their hydrophobic properties, meaning they repel water with remarkable efficiency. This hydrophobicity results in water beads sliding off the car’s surface, carrying away dirt, dust, and contaminants with them. As a result, your car stays cleaner for longer periods, and the need for frequent washing is significantly reduced. Traditional wax may offer some water beading effect, but it generally pales in comparison to the hydrophobic qualities of ceramic coatings.\nThe sun’s harmful UV rays can lead to paint fading and deterioration over time. While traditional wax provides limited UV protection, ceramic coatings offer a superior defense against UV damage. They contain UV inhibitors that help shield your car’s paint from the sun’s harmful rays, preserving its color and finish for an extended period. This is especially important for those who live in sunny climates or park their vehicles outdoors.\nCeramic coatings provide enhanced scratch resistance compared to traditional wax. While wax may offer a basic level of protection against minor scratches and swirl marks, ceramic coatings create a hardened, clear topcoat that is highly resistant to scratches. This means that your car’s paint remains in pristine condition, even in the face of everyday wear and tear.\nEase of Maintenance\nMaintaining a car treated with a ceramic coating is remarkably easy. Thanks to their hydrophobic properties, dirt, grime, and contaminants have a hard time adhering to the surface. This makes washing your car a less frequent and less labor-intensive chore. Traditional wax, on the other hand, requires more regular maintenance and is less effective at repelling contaminants.\nIn conclusion, the benefits of ceramic car coatings over traditional wax are substantial and compelling. These coatings offer exceptional longevity, enhanced protection, hydrophobic properties, UV resistance, scratch resistance, and ease of maintenance. While traditional wax has its place in the world of car care, ceramic coatings have raised the bar significantly, providing car enthusiasts and professionals with a more advanced and effective solution for preserving and enhancing the beauty of their vehicles. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, it’s evident that ceramic car coatings are here to stay, offering a brighter and better-protected future for our cars’ paintwork. For those who seek the ultimate in shine and protection, ceramic coatings are the clear choice.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.clipsal.co.nz/products/conduit_ducting_fittings/rigid_conduits", "date": "2014-07-29T20:51:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267865.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00459-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8612735867500305, "token_count": 156, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2014-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-23__0__158351927", "lang": "en", "text": "All Clipsal Rigid Non Metallic Conduit and Fittings are manufactured in strict accordance with relevant sections of AS/NZS 2053 Conduit and Fittings for Electrical Installations and have an operative temperature range of -15°C to +65°C. Most Clipsal Conduit Fittings are suitable for use underground and are marked EO (Electric Orange). Resistance to most common corroding agents, including the majority of oils and fats, inorganic acids, alkalis and salts, is a feature of Clipsal Rigid Non Metallic Conduit and Fittings. However, they are not recommended for use with Ketones, Esters or Aromatic or Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Unless specified otherwise all dimensions are nominal.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nanogeobio.info/collaborators.html", "date": "2019-05-22T03:32:46Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256724.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20190522022933-20190522044933-00298.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8547284603118896, "token_count": 314, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__35672822", "lang": "en", "text": "Applications of spectroscopy techniques in environmental chemistry; phytoremediation; novel methods for the bioproduction of nanoparticles; development of analytical methods to detect nanomaterials and to track the fate of nanoparticles in the environment; and applications of nanotechnology to clean water among others\nElucidating the role that nanoscience and mineral surface geochemistry plays in major aspects of the earth sciences, including especially environmental issues and biogeochemical cycling of the elements; mineral-microbe interactions from both geochemical and biochemical perspectives\nMedical microbiology, RNA replication, DNA/RNA sequencing. Kyle is the director of the Genomic Analysis Core Facility of BBRC.\nWater quality modeling, watershed management, remote sensing\nModern and ancient deserts and their interactions with surface/ground water as well as the changing climate. In Rip's opinion, the El Paso region provides a unique natural laboratory to solve these problems.\nEnvironmental isotope research, hydrogeology, and paleohydrology\nNanoscale materials characterization using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques. Mitsu is also an expert in electron energy loss spectroscopy and STEM- tomography techniques\nGeomicrobiology, microbial diversity and microbially mediated mineralization in caves (Photo courtesy: Kenneth Ingham)\nOrigin‚ behavior and ecological risk of nanoparticles in the Yangzte River Delta and in urban environments\nCopyright © Jie Xu 2018. Last updated: 2018-03-12 14 39", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://business.hibbing.org/events/details/welding-basics-4048?calendarMonth=2021-02-01", "date": "2021-02-25T08:08:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350846.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225065836-20210225095836-00556.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9217692017555237, "token_count": 156, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__201183286", "lang": "en", "text": "We begin with a discussion of welding safety topics: the potential for burns, flashes, radiation, fumes, and other hazards. Students will learn about rod selection, welding procedures, weld penetration in to base metal and compare the differences between welding machines and different welding methods. There will be an opportunity to do basic ARC welding, run some weld beads on carbon steel plate, and weld two pieces of metal together in a T shape.\nBring a closed lid bottle of water. Wear closed toe shoes, long pants and sleeves, cotton clothing only (no synthetics - even shoes). Leather aprons are best but optional. This class will be held indoors.\n*No refunds, materials included.\n**Maximum 6 students (age 12-16 may need to be accompanied by adult)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sunshinerenewable.com/what-are-solar-panels-made-of/", "date": "2024-04-24T06:39:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00384.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8764625787734985, "token_count": 478, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__104318882", "lang": "en", "text": "As solar power continues to dominate the energy landscape, understanding the intricacies of solar panels becomes increasingly important. At Sunshine Renewable Solutions, we believe in providing clear insights into the elements that make up this revolutionary technology.\nWhat Are Solar Panels Made Of?\nSilicon solar cells lie at the heart of photovoltaic energy conversion, harnessing the power of sunlight to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. These cells, whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline, are meticulously crafted to optimize energy production. By soldering them together in a matrix-like structure, they form the foundation of commercial solar panels.\nThe structure of a solar panel encompasses various components, with glass and metal comprising a significant portion. The glass sheet, often low-iron and tempered, serves a multifaceted role. Beyond providing durability, it features anti-reflective, hydrophobic, and anti-soiling coatings. These coatings enhance light absorption while repelling water and minimizing dirt accumulation, thereby maximizing solar panel efficiency.\nIn addition to silicon solar cells and glass panels, solar panels incorporate a metal frame, encapsulation materials, housing, framing, and circuitry. Each element plays a crucial role in safeguarding the integrity and performance of the panel. From protecting against weather elements to facilitating energy transfer, every component contributes to the overall functionality and longevity of the system.\nThe Solar Panel Manufacturing Process\nUnderstanding how solar panels are made unveils the meticulous process behind their creation. From building the solar cells to quality testing, each step is vital in ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon cells each undergo distinct manufacturing processes, catering to diverse energy needs and preferences.\nEmbracing Solar Energy\nAs solar power emerges as the leading energy solution, Sunshine Renewable Solutions remains at the forefront of providing innovative solar solutions. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond installation to encompass education and empowerment. By demystifying solar panel components and manufacturing processes, we empower individuals and businesses to harness the full potential of solar energy.\nWith a steadfast focus on quality, efficiency, and reliability, we stand as a trusted commercial solar installer. Our dedication to solar panel longevity ensures that businesses can reap the benefits of solar energy for years to come. Experience the transformative power of commercial solar with Sunshine Renewable Solutions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.mitube.com/products/specialty-pipe/", "date": "2023-12-09T06:00:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209040008-20231209070008-00224.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.92678302526474, "token_count": 319, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__140947824", "lang": "en", "text": "The Specialty Department offers carbon, alloy/chrome, stainless, and high nickel pipe and tubing that is used in refineries, petro-chemical plants, power plants, and other related industries. Our product portfolio consists of but is not limited to the following:\n- Carbon Specifications: A53, A/SA106 B or C, A/SA178, A/SA192, A/SA210, A/SA333, A/SA519, A/SA671, and A/SA672\n- Alloy Specifications: A/SA213, A/SA335, A/SA519, and A/SA691\n- Stainless: A/SA213, A/SA312, and A/SA376\n- Duplex: A/SA790\n- High Nickel Alloy: B/SB163, B/SB407, B/SB444, and B/SB729\n- Size Range: ¾” OD thru 48” OD\n- Other complementary products and services such as fittings and finning\nOur strong alliances with quality international mills enable us to provide a wide range of products that single mills do not have the capability to produce.\nProviding quality products is of the utmost importance to us. Our products are sourced from ISO and PED certified global mills in Japan, China, and Korea. Certificates for these certifications can be provided upon request. In-house engineers conduct periodic mill audits to ensure the consistent quality of our products.\nContact our highly experienced, professional staff to fulfill your pipe and tubing needs.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.gianolacanvas.com/products.htm", "date": "2018-04-21T19:24:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945317.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421184116-20180421204116-00526.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9490686058998108, "token_count": 491, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__8852248", "lang": "en", "text": "At Gianola Canvas, we use only the highest quality products in our work to ensure the longest possible life of your completed project.\nSunbrella is an acrylic, solution dyed canvas. Contrary to logic, the darker the color, the longer it lasts. This is because it's the dye in the fabric that has the UV inhibitors and keeps the sun from burning it out.\nSunbrella guarantees their fabric for a period of 10 years against sun damage, mildew rot and fading. We have seen the lighter colors last 10 years, whereas the dark colors last 12-14 years.\nBrowse Sunbrella Fabric colors and patterns: www.sunbrella.com\nPerennials offers designer outdoor fabrics, made from 100% solution dyed acrylic with a three year no-fade guarantee. Perennials fabrics can be used for garden furniture, pool-side, or on boats, and are made to resist fading, mold and mildew.\nGore Tenara Thread is a teflon thread. It is impervious to the sun. The Gore company guarantees their thread for the serviceable life of the canvas. If the thread fails before then, they will pay to restitch your canvas. We have used the Gore thread for over 15 years and never had any claims on that warranty.\nIn years past, the typical vinyl window material was a 40 mil pressed and polished clear vinyl. Although this is still a good product, we now also offer Strataglass and O'Sea. These are the same 40 mil products with a polymer coating which makes it UV resistant and so that you can polish light scratches out of it. It has twice the life expectancy of the typical 40 mil vinyl.\nWe offer the Rainier Bonded Windows. They are made from .090 Lexan with a UV and abrasion coating or acrylic. This is a hard window bonded between 2 layers of fabric. Cleanly contrusted and beautiful to look through.\nWe use a wide variety of foams in our cushions, depending on what they are being used for. For dry applications, we offer a high resilient foam, comparable in comfort to the latex foams and quite long lasting. For damp or wet applications, we offer Dri-Fast foam. Unlike closed cell foams, the Dri-Fast foam is soft and comfortable, but will not absorb water. It is also far less expensive than closed cell foam.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sapphireandstone.com.au/product/green-phantom-quartz-natural-point/", "date": "2020-09-18T07:46:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400187354.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200918061627-20200918091627-00387.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9541836380958557, "token_count": 309, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__136642276", "lang": "en", "text": "Green Phantom Quartz Natural Point 40g\nDimensions: 7 x 2.3 x 2.1 cm\nPhantom crystal is a variety of quartz. It is a crystal or mineral deposit within a crystal.\nEach crystal exhibits the outlines of many other smaller crystals, which are called phantoms. Phantoms are created when a crystal growth is interrupted and then begins to form again. The original minerals get washed away, leaving only the crystal to grow afterward.\nPhantoms come in various colours of grey, red, green, white, and amethyst. They can be found in Brazil, Switzerland, Madagascar, Austria and the US.\nPhantom quartz crystals are also known as ghost, spectre and shadow crystals. They usually occur in rock crystal, but are also found in citrine, amethyst and smoky quartz. Rock crystal is a transparent and colourless quartz.\nPhantom quartz crystal shapes can sometimes be seen in the interior of quartz crystals. These phantoms are usually composed of other minerals such as hematite, chlorite or goethite and are sometimes composed of other varieties of quartz such as smoky quartz, milky quartz and amethyst.\nPhantoms are believed to bring great healing and facilitate inner growth by bringing great transformation into one’s higher self. Used for meditation, balance, and aligning the chakras. The phantoms within a crystal are told to represent the many phases we experience in our lives just as the crystal has encountered during its evolution.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.metrothinbrick.com/pages/about.html", "date": "2013-12-13T19:32:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164987957/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134947-00052-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9177358746528625, "token_count": 258, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__191833820", "lang": "en", "text": "METROBRICK® is a product of IRONROCK® Capital Inc.\nIRONROCK celebrates well over 140 years in brick and ceramics manufacturing.\nIRONROCK is a fifth generation, family owned brick and ceramic tile manufacturing company located in Canton, Ohio U.S.A. IRONROCK continues to take the lead in providing quality ceramic and brick products for a variety of applications. IRONROCK has built a reputation for a commitment to quality manufacturing and customer service.\nIRONROCK PRODUCT LINES\nThe latest addition to the Ironrock family of fine products. METROBRICK® is an architectural thin brick for use in pre-cast, tilt up, and field applied thin brick applications. METROBRICK® offers the aesthetic of full brick with the benefits of a thin brick. METROBRICK® can be used for both commercial and residential applications.\nAmerica's Indoor/Outdoor Quarry Tile. Metropolitan Ceramics is the largest manufacturer of unglazed quarry tile in the U.S. Metropolitan is known for producing durable unglazed quarry tile that can stand up to the most demanding treatment indoors and out.\nIRONROCK Manufacturing Plant - Canton Ohio", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hilifebuilders.in/low-budget-modern-interlock-brick-house/", "date": "2023-05-30T06:54:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645417.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530063958-20230530093958-00737.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.923917829990387, "token_count": 1943, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__135644341", "lang": "en", "text": "Tips For Low Budget Modern Interlock Brick House Construction\nNowadays, the construction cost is increasing day by day and Engineers are constantly researching on the durable and low-cost construction method. Clients hire builders who can build their house at the lowest cost and at the same time provide quality work. Construction using interlock brick is the latest low budget construction. Low budget modern interlock brick houses are picking up stream since their cost is 30% to 40% less compared to conventional construction. Flats in Thrissur are not implementing low budget modern interlock brick house construction techniques as it is not good for more than two storeyed buildings. Interlocking bricks – as the names indicate, these bricks lock together to form a sturdier wall. No cement is required for bonding. Instead, a projection is affixed to one side of a brick and is designed to fit into a depression on the brick next to it. A depression on the other side of the brick is designed to fit the projection of the brick in the contrary direction.One of the most attractive features of modern interlock brick house construction is that interlock bricks have a shiny outer surface and the putty can be directly applied outside and then the paint can be applied. These bricks are as sturdy as conventional mud blocks or laterite stones, and they can withstand massive loads. Interlock brick size is greater than baked bricks and hence it is 2.5 times more expensive.\nMaking of interlock bricks\nSoil, sand, and cement are blended together to make interlocking bricks. After that, the mixture is compressed in a machine to create interlocking bricks. The bricks are then cured for seven days. When compared to traditional brick building, this could save cost.\nAdvantages of Interlock brick house\n1. Earthquake resistance\nEarthquakes impose a series of stresses on the building. Conventional bricks couldn’t withstand the stress because they couldn’t evenly distribute the seismic force over the construction. Interlocking bricks have strong earthquake resistance, which is one of its major advantages. Only mortar is capable of transferring seismic stresses, and if it fails, the entire structure would collapse. Interlocking bricks, on the other hand, are equipped to transport seismic pressures evenly over the whole building due to their self-locking pattern. Also, read low cost interior design homes kerala.\n2. Low maintenance cost\nAnother excellent feature of interlocking bricks is that they might reduce the need for plastering. As a result, compared to traditional wall building, it saves time and money. Plastering works may be fully laminated by creating smooth finished bricks. A thin layer of paint can be applied to the wall to give it a smooth surface. Building walls with these self-designed bricks results in a clean finish that cuts maintenance costs dramatically. Also, read more about\n3. Easy constructions and Dismantle\nIf you want to construct a house quickly, a low budget modern interlock brick house is the best option. It is quicker since it needs no plastering and its curing needs less time compared to conventional methods.\nSame way, if you want to dismantle a structure made up of interlock bricks, you can easily separate the interlock bricks as it won’t get damaged.\n4. Cooler interiors\nInteriors with high compacted brick walls are often warm. It’s because the high density of the high-compacted bricks causes them to resist airflow, resulting in heated interiors. Interlocking bricks, on the other hand, have a lower density than traditional bricks, allowing for better airflow. As a result, modern interlock brick houses are substantially cooler. As a result, air conditioners are not required, reducing energy usage and saving money. Also, read interior decoration ideas.\n5. Less labour cost\nExpert labourers are needed while constructing with traditional bricks since checking the water level, spirit level, and other skilled work is necessary. That is why it is challenging for unskilled labourers to build conventional walls. Unskilled labourers, on the other hand, may quickly learn how to build with interlocking bricks. Furthermore, building using these bricks requires fewer labourers. As a result, it reduces labour costs, which is a huge benefit for entrepreneurs.\n6. Less time and construction cost\nSince there is no conventional construction process involved, it can significantly reduce the cost of buying cement, sand, stone dust, and mortar. Moreover, it also reduces the cost of labour and transportation. On top of that, the construction process is time-efficient. Usually, conventional bricks need 21 days of cure, whereas interlocking bricks need only seven days of cure. As it does not require plastering work, it saves money and time.\nDisadvantages of interlock brick house\n1. Wear and Tear\nSince plastering is not used, it results in more visible wear and tear. Since there is no plasterwork, the lines between the bricks might serve as a breeding ground for insects.\n2. Cannot withstand extreme weather\nExtreme weather conditions like heavy rain may affect the building as it is more likely to leakage\n3. Not good for high rise buildings\nNot good for construction of more than two storeyed buildings as it cannot withstand the heavy load. Also, read more on types of apartments.\nTypes of Interlock Bricks\nInterlock mud brick\nSand, cement and a special type of adhesive are used for the preparation of interlock bricks or compressed soil earth blocks. The sand is first ground into a powder in a crusher, then combined with 3% cement in a mixing machine. These blocks have an earthy tone that looks fabulous after a coat of terracotta-colored paint is applied. Low budget modern interlock brick house construction looks fabulous when a water-proof paint is applied. Interlock brick can be used for the outer walls of modern interlock brick houses. The outside walls can be strengthened by applying a thin concrete covering.\nConcrete interlock bricks\nThe light grey concrete interlock bricks have a dazzling outside surface. Putty might be applied directly to the joints on the outside walls and then painted over. The inside walls do not need to be plastered; instead, putty might be used and later painted. Another benefit is that it is suitable for concealed wiring and plumbing. As the bricks are heavier, drilling nails is better.\nFly ash Interlock bricks\nFly ash interlock bricks are made from reusing fly ash industrial waste. Fly ash industrial blocks are also known as eco-friendly building materials and are commonly used for eco-friendly house construction. The making cost is comparatively cheaper as it is the industrial waste used for making. As these are made with special design and shiny outer surface, these don’t need any plastering. For protecting it from outside weather and insects a coating of putty can be used and paint can be applied to it. These bricks are easily removable and can be used to build new houses. It can be easily transported to a new location.\nTechniques for modern interlock bricks house construction\n- The base should be laid and a more solid foundation is necessary on the heavier interlock bricks.\n- After the basement has been completed, it is covered with a layer of typical baked bricks. The width of this layer will be equal to the thickness of the interlocking brick wall.\n- Above this layer, the interlocking bricks are placed.\n- When laying the concrete for the roof, make sure the roof’s sides are slightly higher than the wall. It is necessary to withstand rain.\n- The corners of the wall are entirely coated with cement once the building is finished.\n- Once the construction is complete the corners are plastered with cement. As a result, installing interlocking requires sufficient pressure from all four boundaries.\nIf you want to build your house within a low budget , it is better you opt for modern interlock brick house construction. If you want consultation or help regarding low budget single floor house design, we have an expert team of architects and interior designers who could help you create mesmerising house designs.Interlocking brick building is gaining popularity since it decreases the cost of construction materials, construction costs, and construction time. If you are a nature lover and you opt for an eco-friendly house construction, then an interlock brick house is the best option.\nHopefully, the information above has helped you understand the benefits and drawbacks of low budget modern interlock bricks houses. If you have any questions, please leave them in the comments section below or contact us.\nHi-Life Builders is one of the best builders in Thrissur. Apart from building wonderful homes, our portfolio includes home care, resale, and home loan assistance and you will be happy to know that we have a dedicated team for after-sales service and property management service. For further information on our project contact us now!\n- Apartment Living\n- Apartment Terrace Garden Ideas\n- Buying Apartment\n- Checklist Before Buying Flat\n- Family Living\n- Flats and Apartments\n- home decorating ideas\n- Home Loan\n- Home Renovation\n- Home Storage ideas\n- Home Theatre\n- Interior Design\n- Kerala land registration\n- kitchen storage ideas\n- Selling Home\n- Simple Rooftop Design Ideas\n- Staircase Design Ideas for Small Spaces\n- Submit Guest Post\n- Tips & Advice", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ptrhodes.com/?page_id=775", "date": "2020-08-12T23:51:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738950.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812225607-20200813015607-00082.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8982248902320862, "token_count": 651, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__86539623", "lang": "en", "text": "900 HD SERIES\nBARE IMPACTOR FEATURES (NOT TRACKED)\nThe SCE – HD series of Impactors are designed for primary or secondary crushing of highly abrasive materials, recycling materials and medium-low silica materials when large reductions are required. Highly abrasive materials include sandstone, gravel, granite, basalt, gold ores, refractory rejects, cement clinker and others. Recycling materials include asphalt, concrete, building rubble, bricks and others. Medium-low silica materials include limestone, dolomite, bauxite, shales, gypsum, clays, coal and others.\nExtra Heavy Duty Rotor-SCE – HD Impact Crushers incorporate heavy, open disc style, four blow bar rotors as standard. Blow bar support beams are sized to ensure the SCE rotor has the highest moment of inertia available. This is important in absorbing the forces generated by the Impacting process and is a key factor in our success with achieving large reduction ratios. The rotor is supported by bearings mounted in massive solid housings manufactured from steel blocks with self-purging labyrinth seals.\nHeavy Duty Blow Bars – The SCE – HD Series Impactor is equipped with 100 thick blow bars in 18% manganese iron offering the highest wear metal utilization factor available. The blow bar thickness can be increased to suit the crushing of highly abrasive materials. The service life of the blow bars is extended through a design that permits the bars to be lifted via the top as wear occurs or alternatively worn down and turned. Maintenance is safer and easier than in other designs.\nLarge Inlet Opening – Up to 500mm feed material can be handled in the extra heavy duty SCE – HD type Impactors. This ensures the large reduction ratio achieved by these machines is maximized.\nFully-hydraulic Impact Arms – Impact plates are cast blocks identical and interchangeable, thereby permitting optimum utilization. Gap settings between impact arm and rotor are adjusted hydraulicaly to allow the product size to be controlled. Hydraulic pressure on the impact arms is pre-set to resist the passage of uncrushed material through the impactor. If overloading, power failure, etc. causes material to exceed the pre-set pressure the impact arms retract in a controlled manner. Following completion of the retraction movement, the arm returns automatically to its pre-set gap position.\nWear Liners – Wear plates are generally cast from 28% chrome iron with a large proportion identical, thus interchangeable and turn-able.\nOpen Discharge – Large discharge opening allows for free discharge – no clogging – no capacity reduction.\nHigh Serviceability & Access – The housing opens up hydraulically at the rear for maintenance and repair work. When the casing opens the blow bars are accessed in the vertical position. This enables the blow bars to be adjusted or replaced safer and easier than in other designs.\nEvery machine is constructed to handle a variety of crushing duties. We believe all customers should benefit from the reduction in operating costs these innovative Impact Crushers bring to the market. SCE – HD Impact Crushers include the best materials and the latest design features in all our machines.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.president-lefilm.com/there-are-several-advantages-of-lightweight-steel-roof-truss-that-you-must-know/", "date": "2021-01-27T03:35:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704820894.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20210127024104-20210127054104-00308.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9522931575775146, "token_count": 459, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__179925541", "lang": "en", "text": "There Are Several Advantages Of Lightweight Steel Roof Truss That You Must Know\nOctober 3, 2020\nEven though it is lightweight, lightweight steel roof trusses have a high tensile strength of around 550 Mpa, greater than the tensile stress of conventional steel which is only 300 Mpa. This is because the flexible nature of lightweight steel roof trusses can absorb a greater amount of energy. Unlike wood materials which are more brittle and disintegrate more quickly. This stress strength makes the lightweight steel roof truss able to withstand collapse and maintain the stability of the building. If you want to replace your current roof truss with a lightweight steel one, we recommend you hire Roofing Contractors Afton OK.\nThe installation of lightweight steel roof trusses is very easy and efficient. Due to the nature of the lightweight material, the installation of lightweight steel roof trusses can save time and workmanship costs. Apart from its lightweight which makes it easier for the construction process, lightweight steel roof trusses also have a connection system that is not too complicated. The joints can be screw, bolt, rivet, or weld. This joint system also makes lightweight steel roof trusses or lightweight steel canopies easy to attach to other constructions such as concrete or wood.\nFormations of lightweight steel roof trusses vary, can be made to follow various roof models. The lightweight steel roof frame can still be formed into various roof models, it’s just that the formation of a lightweight steel roof frame, must be adjusted to the load that the roof frame will support. If you want to ensure the strength of the lightweight steel roof design frame, then the distance between the lightweight steel used should be made tighter at the time of installation. The maximum stretch between one mild steel and another is 150 cm.\nEven though it is made of metal, this lightweight steel roof frame is anti-rust. Using a lightweight steel roof frame not only keeps you from termite attacks. The lightweight steel that makes the roof truss is made of stainless steel, you know. An advantage for those of you who want to make a roof design with a lightweight steel roof frame to appear exposed because you don’t need to do finishing regularly.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://shop.aimscomposites.com/products/ifr-1-5-gritted-rung-8-ladder-with-walk-thru-cage", "date": "2020-08-03T21:18:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735833.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200803195435-20200803225435-00523.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8999633193016052, "token_count": 150, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__95614244", "lang": "en", "text": "READY TO ASSEMBLE\nDeltaLadder Systems may be purchased in modular kits for fast, hassle-free installation. Ladders are available in standard heights ranging from 8' to 24', with splicing kits available for longer lengths. Optional safety cage kits are designed with pre-drilled hoops for easy attachment. Choose from standard fiberglass ladders for regular, close stand-off supports, or stiffened ladders for longer spans between supports.\nDeltaLadder Systems are one-third the weight of steel and require less maintenance and upkeep. That's because they're manufactured with the optimal combination of fiberglass rovings and isophthalic polyester or vinyl ester resins, ensuring a long, corrosion-free life.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.istma-europe.com/en/istma-europe/news/28th-international-colloquium-plastics-technology-93", "date": "2024-04-20T12:49:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817650.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420122043-20240420152043-00330.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9214181900024414, "token_count": 655, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__10856508", "lang": "en", "text": "The Institute of Plastics Processing (IKV) in Industry and the Skilled Crafts at RWTH Aachen University extends a cordial invitation to attend the 28th International Colloquium Plastics Technology in Aachen on February 24 and 25, 2016. The event, which is held every two years, is again expected to attract some 800 experts from the global plastics industry. In 2014, the Colloquium brought together delegates from more than 300 companies and 15 nations. Because of the international character of the event, all the papers will be interpreted simultaneously into English.\n\"Recruiting. Networking. Innovating.\" is the leitmotif of the IKV Colloquium. Scientific assistants from the Institute will speak in 36 papers about ongoing research projects at IKV, while well-known industry experts will underline the practical relevance of the research results for the industry.\nFurthermore, five plenary lectures given by high-calibre speakers from the plastics segment will deal with the latest topics affecting the industry as there are additive manufacture, \"Industry 4.0\" and lightweight construction. Dr. Jochen Kopp from BMW, for example, will talk about the use of plastics for lightweight construction in the automotive industry. Dr. Heinz Neubert from Siemens will look at the additive manufacturing of plastic parts in a digitised industry, and Günter Hofmann from Werkzeugbau Siegfried Hofmann will speak about additive manufacture in mould construction. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Hopmann, the head of IKV, will open the Colloquium with a lecture on Industry 4.0 and strategies for plastics technologies, and he will look at the subject of additive manufacture from his point of view as a researcher.\nAt \"IKV 360°\" on the afternoon of the first day, IKV will open its doors to the IKV technical laboratories and pilot plants to enable the Colloquium delegates to experience the Institute's research first hand. While the machines and testing equipment are in operation, the IKV scientists will be present to answer any questions. The presentations on the second day of the Colloquium are aimed at deepening the practical impressions gained at the various demonstrations in the laboratories.\nThe accompanying trade show in the foyer of the Eurogress Aachen has always been an integral part of the IKV Colloquium. It offers exhibitors an opportunity to present solutions for the plastics industry and to discuss relevant topics with industry partners. More than 50 exhibitors are expected to participate, and the Colloquium will give them an opportunity to nurture contacts with business associates or make new contacts with experts from the industry.\nAnother item on the agenda is the award of the Georg Menges Prize, donated by the VDMA, PlasticsEurope and the IKV Association of Sponsors. It will be presented for the tenth time in 2016. The award is made to an outstanding personality or group of people in the plastics industry who have made a particularly valuable contribution to cooperation between industry and science.\nAdditional information at: www.ikv-colloquium.com / www.ikv-aachen.de", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://saladandsides.com/how-many-valence-electrons-does-barium-have-2/", "date": "2023-03-26T02:27:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945381.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326013652-20230326043652-00687.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9546305537223816, "token_count": 386, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__45881645", "lang": "en", "text": "Are you looking for information on how many valence electrons barium has? Barium is a chemical element with atomic number 56 and an atomic weight of 137.33. It is a soft, silvery white metal found in nature, and is part of the alkaline earth metals group of elements. Valence electrons are electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom, and they are responsible for the chemical behavior of elements. So, how many valence electrons does barium have?\nThe answer is two valence electrons. Barium has two valence electrons in its outermost shell, giving it a +2 oxidation state. This means that it is a very reactive element, forming compounds with other elements easily. Barium’s two valence electrons are also the reason why it is so reactive.\nThe electron configuration for barium is [Xe] 6s2. This means that barium has two electrons in its outermost shell, or valence shell. The two valence electrons are in the 6s orbital, which is the outermost electron shell in barium. This is also why barium has a +2 oxidation state.\nThe two valence electrons of barium are responsible for its chemical behavior. Valence electrons are responsible for the reactions that occur between atoms of different elements. When barium reacts with other elements, it will form compounds with them. The formation of compounds is dependent on the number of valence electrons that barium has.\nIn summary, barium has two valence electrons in its outermost shell, giving it a +2 oxidation state. This is why barium is so reactive, forming compounds with other elements easily. The two valence electrons are also responsible for the chemical behavior of barium, allowing it to form compounds with other elements. Knowing how many valence electrons barium has can help in understanding its chemical behavior and reactivity.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.littlewhitesneakers.com/en-us/products/happymess-waffle-blanket-lavender", "date": "2023-09-22T14:23:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506420.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922134342-20230922164342-00602.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.927082359790802, "token_count": 227, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__110673132", "lang": "en", "text": "Happymess- Waffle Blanket- Lavender\nHappymess from Poland has created this soft linen blanket has a beautiful natural look and structure. Soft to the touch and light, convenient to use as a cover at home, on a walk or on the beach. Thanks to the unique linen properties, blanket can be also used as a towel. We recommend taking it when travelling, they will be irreplaceable in many situations.\nThey pack the blanket in a cotton backpack, in which you can take it anywhere you want.\n48% linen, 52% cotton with OEKO-TEX 100 certificate\nBlanket is made of the ideal combination of linen and cotton. Linen has amazing qualities. It absorbs the water on the highest level among all natural fabrics. This fiber can absorb up to 25% of its weight and does not feel wet. Linen has anti allergic and antibacterial properties, is a natural antiseptic. Moreover, it protects against harmful UV radiation.\ndimensions: 115 cm x 85 cm (+/- 5 cm due to the flexible fabric’s properties)", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.neotechproducts.com/product-category/all-products/", "date": "2021-08-01T17:40:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154214.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801154943-20210801184943-00109.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8729385137557983, "token_count": 174, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__230667540", "lang": "en", "text": "- Reflective foil helps protect against ambient and radiant heat\n- Cute smiley face design\n- Skin friendly silicone gel adhesive base\n- Reposition as needed\n- Foam layer insulation\n- Probe pocket for disposable or reusable probes\n- Not made with natural rubber latex or plasticizer DEHP\nWebsite orders restricted to U.S. customers. NeoSmile Plus offers a temperature probe cover that can be repositioned! Unlike our original NeoSmile that uses hydrocolloid for long-lasting adhesion, NeoSmile Plus features a silicone gel base. It’s a skin friendly option that can be moved or adjusted as needed. NeoSmile Plus securely holds the probe in place for reliable readings. The reflective foil cover helps protect the probe from ambient and radiant heat in an incubator, and the foam layer provides added insulation.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://china-hengli.com/Gear-Pump/Stainless-Steel-Gear-Pump.html", "date": "2020-08-04T08:42:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735867.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804073038-20200804103038-00503.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6860599517822266, "token_count": 255, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__13999963", "lang": "en", "text": "Stainless steel gear pump application scope:\n1. Medicine industry\n2. Fine chemical industry\n3. Food industry\n4. Cosmetics industry\n5. Printing and dyeing industry\n6. Brewing industry\nKCB stainless steel gear pump\nPump may be used for pumping oils and fuel oils such as diesel, vegetable oil, Palm Oil, kerosene, biodiesel, motor oil, and even glycerol (waste product in biodiesel process).\nMODEL: KCB 18.3,KCB 33.3,KCB 55,KCB83.3,KCB 135,KCB 200,KCB 300,KCB 483.3,KCB 633, KCB 960,KCB 1200,KCB 1600,KCB 2500,KCB 3800,KCB 5400,KCB 9600.\nYCB stainless steel gear pump\n2CY stainless steel gear pump\nNYP stainless steel gear pump with jacketed for high viscosity liquid\npump inlet and outlet:15~200mm\nDrive mode:Gear motor drive;\nLiquid viscosity range:10~300000cst;\nSeal: packing seal/mechanical seal.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ajanspare.com/diy-carbon-fiber/", "date": "2024-04-24T13:22:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819273.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424112049-20240424142049-00800.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8870128393173218, "token_count": 3280, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__114580137", "lang": "en", "text": "Are you a creative soul with a passion for engineering and design? Are you fascinated by the incredible strength and lightweight properties of carbon fiber? Well, look no further! In this article, we will dive into the fascinating world of DIY carbon fiber, where you can unleash your inner engineer and create your own carbon fiber masterpieces. Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or just starting out, this guide will provide you with all the knowledge and inspiration you need to embark on your own carbon fiber journey.\nCarbon fiber is a composite material made up of thin strands of carbon woven together. It is renowned for its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making it a sought-after material in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. With the advent of DIY carbon fiber, this incredible material is now accessible to the average enthusiast, allowing you to turn your wildest carbon fiber dreams into reality.\nUnderstanding the Basics: What is Carbon Fiber?\nThe Composition of Carbon Fiber\nCarbon fiber is composed of tiny strands of carbon atoms that are bonded together in a specific pattern. These carbon strands, also known as carbon filaments, are incredibly thin, with a diameter of about 5-10 micrometers. The arrangement of these filaments gives carbon fiber its unique properties.\nThe Properties of Carbon Fiber\nCarbon fiber exhibits exceptional strength and stiffness, surpassing that of many traditional materials like steel and aluminum. Despite its strength, carbon fiber is incredibly lightweight, making it ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical. Additionally, carbon fiber is resistant to corrosion and has excellent thermal conductivity.\nThe Manufacturing Process of Carbon Fiber\nThe manufacturing process of carbon fiber is complex and involves several steps. It begins with the precursor material, typically a polymer such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or pitch. The precursor material undergoes a process called carbonization, where it is heated to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. This process eliminates non-carbon elements, leaving behind a carbon-rich material. The carbon material is then stretched into fibers and woven together to create the final carbon fiber product.\nTools of the Trade: Essential Equipment for DIY Carbon Fiber Projects\nMolds and Vacuum Bags\nWhen it comes to DIY carbon fiber projects, molds and vacuum bags are essential tools. Molds provide the shape and structure for your carbon fiber parts, while vacuum bags help create a uniform pressure during the curing process. Molds can be made of various materials such as aluminum, epoxy resin, or even 3D-printed plastic.\nTo work with carbon fiber, you’ll need cutting tools that can handle its tough and abrasive nature. Diamond-coated blades or carbide-tipped tools are commonly used to cut carbon fiber sheets and trim excess material.\nResins and Adhesives\nResins and adhesives play a crucial role in bonding carbon fiber layers and providing structural integrity to your projects. Epoxy resin is the most commonly used resin for carbon fiber applications due to its excellent bonding properties and compatibility with carbon fiber.\nRelease agents are substances that prevent the adhesion of the carbon fiber to the mold surface. They create a barrier between the mold and the carbon fiber, allowing for easy removal once the part is cured. Common release agents include wax, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and semi-permanent mold release sprays.\nWorking with carbon fiber involves some safety considerations. It is essential to wear protective gear such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask to prevent skin irritation and inhalation of carbon fiber particles. Additionally, ensure you work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to fumes from resins and adhesives.\nGetting Started: Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Your First Carbon Fiber Project\nDesigning Your Project\nBefore diving into the manufacturing process, it is crucial to have a well-thought-out design for your carbon fiber project. Consider the dimensions, shape, and functionality of the part you want to create. Sketch out your design, or use computer-aided design (CAD) software to create a detailed blueprint.\nPreparing the Mold\nOnce you have your design ready, it’s time to prepare the mold. If using an existing mold, ensure it is clean and free from any debris or imperfections. If creating your own mold, follow the necessary steps to construct it using the appropriate materials.\nPreparing the Carbon Fiber Sheets\nCarbon fiber sheets come in various thicknesses and weaves. Choose the appropriate sheet size and weave pattern for your project. Before cutting the sheets, it is essential to mark the orientation and alignment to ensure proper placement during the layup process.\nLaying the Carbon Fiber Sheets\nThe layup process involves carefully placing the carbon fiber sheets onto the mold in the desired orientation. Apply a thin layer of epoxy resin to the mold surface to create a bonding surface for the carbon fiber. Gently press the carbon fiber sheets onto the mold, ensuring they are free from wrinkles, bubbles, or misalignments.\nCuring the Resin\nOnce the carbon fiber sheets are in place, it’s time to cure the resin. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing and applying the resin. Depending on the type of resin used, curing may involve applying heat or simply allowing the resin to cure at room temperature. Use a vacuum bag or other appropriate pressure application method to ensure a uniform cure.\nTrimming and Finishing\nAfter the resin has fully cured, carefully remove the part from the mold. Use cutting tools to trim any excess carbon fiber and sand the edges for a smooth finish. Depending on your project, additional finishing steps such as painting or clear coating may be necessary.\nTips and Tricks: Expert Advice for Flawless Carbon Fiber Creations\nPreventing Air Bubbles\nAir bubbles can weaken the structural integrity of your carbon fiber parts. To prevent air bubbles, ensure that the carbon fiber sheets are properly aligned and free from wrinkles or folds. Apply the epoxy resin in thin, even coats, and use a squeegee or roller to remove any trapped air.\nAchieving a Smooth Finish\nTo achieve a smooth finish on your carbon fiber parts, sand the cured resin with progressively finer grit sandpaper. Start with a coarser grit to remove any imperfections or excess resin, then gradually move to finer grits for a polished finish. Finish off with a polishing compound for a glossy shine.\nCreating Complex Shapes\nCarbon fiber allows for the creation of complex and intricate shapes. To create curved or contoured parts, consider using pre-preg carbon fiber sheets and molds that can be heated and shaped. This technique, known as thermoforming, allows for greater flexibility in design.\nIf you require additional strength in specific areas of your carbon fiber part, consider adding reinforcements. These can be in the form of additional layers of carbon fiber, strategically placed carbon fiber patches, or even inserts made of other materials such as metal or Kevlar.\nExperimenting with Weave Patterns\nThe weave pattern of carbon fiber sheets can add a unique aesthetic appeal to your projects. Experiment with different weave patterns such as plain weave, twill weave, or satin weave to achieve different visual effects. Each weave pattern has its own characteristics in terms of strength and appearance.\nBeyond the Basics: Exploring Advanced Carbon Fiber Techniques\nCarbon Fiber Wrapping\nCarbon fiber wrapping involves applying carbon fiber sheets to an existing part or surface to enhance its strength and aesthetics. This technique is commonly used in automotive modifications, where carbon fiber wraps can give a sleek and sporty appearance to exterior components.\nInfusion molding is a technique used to create larger and more complex carbon fiber parts. It involves placing dry carbon fiber sheets in a mold and infusing them with resin under vacuum pressure. This method ensures a consistent resin distribution, resulting in strong and lightweight parts.\nHybrid composites combine carbon fiber with other materials such as fiberglass or Kevlar to create parts with unique properties. By strategically placing different materials, you can tailor the strength, stiffness, and impact resistance of your carbon fiber creations to suit specific applications.\nCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)\nCFRP is a term used to describe materials that combine carbon fibers with a polymer matrix, typically epoxy resin. CFRP offers excellent strength and stiffness while maintaining a lightweight profile. It is commonly used in high-performance applications such as aerospace and motorsports.\nTroubleshooting: Common Issues and How to Overcome Them\nDelamination occurs when the layers of carbon fiber separate or peel apart. This can happen due to inadequate resin wet-out or improper curing. To prevent delamination, ensure proper resin application and use adequate pressure during curing to eliminate air pockets.Wrinkles or Bubbles in Carbon Fiber Sheets\nWrinkles or bubbles in carbon fiber sheets can compromise the strength and appearance of your parts. To avoid this, make sure to properly position and smooth out the carbon fiber sheets during the layup process. Use a squeegee or roller to remove any trapped air or wrinkles before curing the resin.\nUneven Resin Distribution\nUneven resin distribution can result in weak spots or inconsistencies in your carbon fiber parts. To achieve a uniform resin distribution, apply the resin in thin, even coats and use a squeegee or brush to spread it evenly over the carbon fiber sheets. Ensure that all areas are adequately covered before curing.\nIncomplete curing can lead to weakened or brittle carbon fiber parts. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended curing time and temperature. It is crucial to maintain the proper curing conditions to ensure the resin fully cures and achieves its desired strength and durability.\nImproper Mold Release\nIf your carbon fiber part is sticking to the mold, it may be due to improper mold release. Make sure to apply a sufficient amount of release agent to the mold surface before laying the carbon fiber sheets. This will create a barrier and facilitate easy removal of the part once it has cured.\nExcessive Resin Runoff\nExcessive resin runoff can occur during the curing process, resulting in excess resin pooling at the bottom of the mold or dripping onto surrounding surfaces. To prevent this, use a suitable amount of resin for your project and ensure that the mold is level during curing. Consider using dams or barriers to contain excess resin.\nShowcasing Your Creations: Tips for Presenting and Displaying Carbon Fiber Projects\nCreating a Display Stand or Mount\nWhen it comes to presenting and displaying your carbon fiber projects, a custom-made display stand or mount can elevate their visual appeal. Consider using materials such as metal, wood, or acrylic to create a stand that complements the design and aesthetics of your carbon fiber creation.\nProper Lighting and Background\nLighting plays a crucial role in showcasing the intricate details and textures of your carbon fiber projects. Use spotlights or adjustable lighting to highlight specific areas and create shadows that enhance the visual impact. Choose a background that contrasts with the color of your carbon fiber part to make it stand out.\nPhotography and Videography\nTo capture the true essence of your carbon fiber creations, invest in high-quality photography or videography equipment. Experiment with different angles, lighting setups, and backgrounds to capture stunning images or videos that showcase the craftsmanship and beauty of your projects.\nParticipating in Exhibitions or Trade Shows\nExhibitions and trade shows provide a platform to showcase your carbon fiber projects to a wider audience. Look for opportunities to participate in relevant events or expos where you can display your creations and network with industry professionals and enthusiasts.\nOnline Portfolio or Social Media Presence\nCreate an online portfolio or establish a strong presence on social media platforms to showcase your carbon fiber projects. Share high-quality images, videos, and detailed descriptions to engage with a global community of carbon fiber enthusiasts and potential clients.\nSafety First: Precautions and Best Practices for Working with Carbon Fiber\nAlways wear appropriate protective gear when working with carbon fiber, such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask. These items will protect you from potential skin irritation and inhalation of carbon fiber particles.\nWork in a Well-Ventilated Area\nEnsure that you work in a well-ventilated area to minimize exposure to fumes from resins and adhesives. Use ventilation systems or work near open windows or doors to maintain a constant flow of fresh air.\nProper Handling and Storage of Chemicals\nFollow the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper handling and storage of chemicals, including resins, adhesives, and release agents. Store them in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.\nDispose of Waste Materials Responsibly\nDispose of waste materials, such as used brushes, gloves, or excess resin, according to local regulations and guidelines. Do not pour chemicals or waste materials down the drain or dispose of them in regular trash bins.\nRead and Understand Safety Data Sheets (SDS)\nSafety Data Sheets (SDS) provide detailed information about the potential hazards and safety precautions associated with specific chemicals. Read and understand the SDS for all the materials you are working with to ensure proper handling and use.\nInspiring DIY Carbon Fiber Projects: From Practical to Whimsical\nCarbon Fiber Bicycle Frame\nBuild your own lightweight and durable bicycle frame using carbon fiber. Enjoy the benefits of reduced weight, increased stiffness, and improved performance as you cruise along on your custom-made carbon fiber bike.\nCarbon Fiber Smartphone Case\nAdd a touch of sleekness and protection to your smartphone by creating a custom carbon fiber case. The lightweight and robust nature of carbon fiber make it an ideal material for stylish and protective phone accessories.\nCarbon Fiber Furniture\nElevate your interior design with carbon fiber furniture pieces such as chairs, tables, or shelves. The combination of carbon fiber’s strength and aesthetic appeal will add a modern and luxurious touch to any living space.\nCarbon Fiber Drone Frame\nTake your drone photography and videography to new heights by building a carbon fiber drone frame. The lightweight and rigid properties of carbon fiber will enhance stability and maneuverability, allowing you to capture stunning aerial shots.\nCarbon Fiber Jewelry\nCreate unique and eye-catching jewelry pieces using carbon fiber. From bracelets and earrings to pendants and cufflinks, the sleek and modern look of carbon fiber will make a bold statement.\nCarbon Fiber Automotive Parts\nUpgrade your car’s performance and aesthetics by designing and manufacturing your own carbon fiber automotive parts. From spoilers and splitters to interior trims and steering wheels, the possibilities are endless.\nCarbon Fiber Musical Instruments\nCombine the beauty of music with the elegance of carbon fiber by crafting your own carbon fiber musical instruments. Explore the unique sound qualities and lightweight design that carbon fiber can bring to guitars, violins, or drums.\nCarbon Fiber Sports Equipment\nEnhance your athletic performance with carbon fiber sports equipment. From tennis rackets and golf club shafts to hockey sticks and ski poles, the strength and lightweight characteristics of carbon fiber will give you a competitive edge.\nCarbon Fiber Art Installations\nPush the boundaries of artistic expression by creating stunning carbon fiber art installations. Explore the interplay of light and shadows on textured carbon fiber surfaces or experiment with unconventional shapes and forms.\nEmbarking on a DIY carbon fiber journey allows you to unleash your creativity and engineering skills, transforming the incredible properties of carbon fiber into tangible and awe-inspiring creations. With the right tools, techniques, and safety precautions in place, you can confidently dive into the world of DIY carbon fiber and create your own masterpieces. So, let your imagination soar, and let the magic of carbon fiber bring your wildest ideas to life!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.diamonds-diamonds-diamonds.net/info/blue_diamond.html", "date": "2019-04-23T07:13:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578593360.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423054942-20190423080942-00290.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9473149180412292, "token_count": 484, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__56790473", "lang": "en", "text": "About Blue Colored Diamonds\nAnyone looking for a natural blue diamond is out of luck—not only is it incredibly rare to find one, there is only one mine that produces blue diamonds in the world. It is the Cullinan Mine, near Pretoria, South Africa. This mine produced the Heart of Eternity, a famous natural blue diamond and the largest in the De Beers Millennium Jewels collection. Many of the popular shapes also look better as colored diamonds.\nBlue diamonds fall under a Type IIB grade, although the diamond grading scale has occasionally changed. Blue colored diamonds can be formed from boron being scattered throughout the diamonds crystal structure or because of nitrogen atoms replacing carbon atoms, also within the crystal structure.\nMost colored diamonds are originally yellow. They are exposed to radiation to change the hue and then these colored diamonds are treated with heat to maintain the change. There are also many different hues of blue diamonds. They can range anywhere from ice blue to deep aquamarine, all depending on how they are treated. Many of the lighter diamonds are produced using a high pressure, high temperature system rather than any type of irradiation.\nMany ask what the upside is to using blue diamonds as opposed to using sapphires. The answer is that sapphires are much more expensive and lack the same sparkle and shine that blue colored diamonds do. Additionally, while sapphires are durable, diamonds are even more durable. Blue colored diamonds are available in all the same cuts and sizes as colorless diamonds and sapphires, though the color makes them more unique and timeless.\nBlue colored diamonds, among other colored diamonds, require a little more specific upkeep than colorless diamonds. Colorless diamonds can be cleaned with pretty much anything available, while colored diamonds need jewelry cleaner approved by a jeweler because of the differences in the chemical makeup of colored diamonds. Certain chemicals in various cleaners, such as bleach (a common mistake for cleaning diamonds!), will cause even a colorless diamond to have a brownish tint and blue colored diamonds to lose some of their color.\nAdditionally, avoid heat while cleaning, because high temperatures can reverse the process used to change the color of the diamond and the color will be affected. This will also happen if blue colored diamonds are scrubbed too hard—the heat applied coating will come off, taking the color and shine with it.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://alphadoorandrail.com/entrance-systems/clad-aluminum-doors/", "date": "2018-06-21T23:17:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864303.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621231116-20180622011116-00361.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8871824145317078, "token_count": 171, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__235730023", "lang": "en", "text": "Aluminum Clad Doors in Texas\nClad aluminum doors are perfect when a project calls for the elegance of polished muntz, the sparkle of stainless steel or the richness of bronze. Materials range from .032″ to .060″ thick in both satin and mirror finishes. Muntz metal, a 60/40 composition alloy, yields a bright gold appearance. Stainless steel, a 304 alloy, does not rust and maintains a bright finish. Commercial bronze, a CDA 230 alloy, tarnishes rapidly for a weathered appearance. Clad aluminum doors are available in narrow, medium, or wide stile models and are designed to accept tempered, laminated, or insulated glass ranging in size from 1/4″ to 1″ thick.\nView our photo gallery of completed projects.\nAlso check: Tempered Glass Entrances", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://southbeachswimsuits.com/products/eco-chic-repreve%C2%AE-nina-bikini-top", "date": "2022-06-25T04:21:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103034170.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220625034751-20220625064751-00547.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8421449065208435, "token_count": 277, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__247185530", "lang": "en", "text": "Eco Chic Repreve® Nina Bikini Top\nPart of our \"Eco Chic Off the Grid\" collection, the fiber in this pullover bikini top is made from 100% recycled materials. Featuring ribbed fabric, adjustable straps, and removable pads, the Nina Bikini Top was designed with you - and mother earth - in mind.\n- Triangle silhouette\n- Ribbed texture fabric\n- Size XS-L, D Cup, DD Cup\n- Removable pads\n- Adjustable straps w/ 3 point back hook closure\n- 82% recycled poly, 18% spandex\n- This product contains REPREVE® polyester made from recycled plastic bottles. Helping conserve energy and natural resources. And, gives you another great reason to recycle.\n- Made in the USA\n- Like all delicates, shape, color and fit are best preserved if hand washed in cold water. Lay flat to dry.\n- Style # OGNIT20\n- Coverage: Medium\n- Support: Medium\n- Adjustability: Over the shoulder w/ 3 point back hook closure\n- Model Measurements:\n- Ali, size XL - Height 5’8 ½”, Bust 40, Waist 34, Hips 43\n- Valyn, size S - Height 5'10\", Bust 34, Waist 25\", Hips 35", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://hose-belt.com/profile/company-tour/212315/0/", "date": "2020-11-28T05:57:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195069.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128040731-20201128070731-00167.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7801694273948669, "token_count": 543, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__138026462", "lang": "en", "text": "Hebei Orient Rubber & Plastic Products Co., Ltd. is located in Shijiazhuang City, with a rubber hose production base in Hengshui City and a plastic hose production base in Weifang City. Specializing in the development, design, and manufacturing of rubber and plastic hoses, our products include rubber hoses, PVC hoses, thermoplastic hoses, rubber plates, conveyor belts, and triangular belts, which are exported to North America, South America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Russia and other countries and regions.\nSince our founding in 2006, we have rapidly expanded to include a skilled team of 550 staff, a production base covering 120,000㎡, a construction area of 70,000㎡, and an annual output value of $30,000,000. With advanced production technology and equipment, we own the following production lines:\n15 steel wire braided hydraulic hose production lines\n2 steel wire wound hose production lines\n6 industrial hose production lines\n12 wire braided hose production lines\n6 thermoplastic hose production lines\n6 PVC steel wire hose production lines\n8 PVC fiber-reinforced hose production lines\n7 PVC layflat hose production lines\n4 rubber plate production lines\n3 conveyor belt production lines\nSteel Wire Braided Hydraulic Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 4 extrusion machines, 6 steel wire stranding machines, 15 steel wire braiding machines, and 2 pressure test presses.\nSteel Wire Wound Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 2 extrusion machines, 2 steel wire stranding machines, and 2 pressure test presses.\nIndustrial Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 4 extrusion machines, 12 wire stranding machines, 4 vulcanizers, and 2 large diameter hose production lines with maximum diameter 800mm.\nThermoplastic Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 6 advanced German extrusion machines, 6 wire stranding machines, and 6 steel wire stranding machines.\nPVC Steel Wire Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 6 PVC steel wire hose production lines.\nPVC Fiber-Reinforced Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 8 PVC fiber-reinforced hose production lines.\nPVC Layflat Hose Production Workshop\nIncludes 7 PVC layflat hose production lines using South Korean technology.\nRubber Plate Production Workshop\nIncludes 4 rubber plate production lines.\nConveyor Belt Production Workshop\nIncludes 3 conveyor belt production lines.\nR&D Center and Laboratory\nIncludes advanced experimental equipment, tensile testing machine, rubber hardness tester, rubber density meter, cryogenic test box, rubber hose abrasion tester and rubber ozone aging tank.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.norskanalyse.com/produkt/model-212r-trace-thermal-conductivity-analyzer/", "date": "2022-06-28T03:58:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103347800.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628020322-20220628050322-00622.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8678688406944275, "token_count": 261, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__207109830", "lang": "en", "text": "Model 212R Trace Thermal Conductivity Analyzer\nThe Model 212R is the most sensitive process thermal conductivity analyzer commercially available.\nWhile it is designed to detect a specific impurity in a binary gas mixture, it is also well suited for monitoring one component in more complex mixtures where the other gases have the same ratio to each other or have very similar thermal conductivity coefficients.\nThe thermal conductivity detector used in the 212R is also flexible in terms of the binary applications that the detector can be utilized in. Namely:\n- 0-25 ppm H2 in Ar\n- 0-25 ppm H2 in N2 or O2\n- 0-100 ppm N2 in Ar\n- 0-100 ppm He in Air\n- 0-150 ppm N2 in H2 or CO\n- 0-150 ppm N2 in He\n- 0-200 ppm Ar in O2 (O2 purity)\nFlexibility, ease-of-use, high sensitivity, and competitive pricing make the Model 212R the analyzer of choice across a broad range of industries and applications.\nApplications include: Air separation plants; H2 purification plants; He purification plants; Synthetic gas plants; Specialty chemical plants; R&D labs", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.whisperinghillsnursery.com/bulk-stone-detail", "date": "2019-09-17T06:51:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573053.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917061226-20190917083226-00401.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.862572431564331, "token_count": 107, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__62184754", "lang": "en", "text": "Primarily used in drainage applications. A general purpose gravel suitable for ponds, waterfalls, dog runs, decorative landscaping accents, and lining dry creek beds. Two sizes available: 1/2\"-1\" (SA6) and 1.5\"-2\" (SA8).\nCrushed rock with pieces ranging from a maximum of 3/4\" all the way down to fines. A compactable base material, grade 9 is also used for gravel driveways, patios, and underneath concrete pads. Yellow in color.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ecoserv.com.pl/en/technologies/material-transport-systems/", "date": "2024-04-25T07:30:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712297290384.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240425063334-20240425093334-00835.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9501619935035706, "token_count": 524, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__190448162", "lang": "en", "text": "Biomass conveyers – biomass is an essential renewable fuel in the commercial and industrial power generation sector. The transport of biomass to the boiler is linked to the combustion technique used. When designing the boiler fuel supply equipment, the distance over which biomass with specific properties is to be transported at a given capacity is considered. When transporting loose biomass (sawdust, pellets, wood chips) over short distances, screw conveyors are used. Belt conveyors are used if the distance between the boiler and the hopper is greater. Their design consists of a long belt mounted on pulleys, which can be additionally loaded. They are designed for fine biomass.\nBelt conveyors are means of transport whose task is to move the mining output resting on a belt, which is pulled along the path made from roller sets by a friction drum drive. The material to be transported is conveyed by a belt, which is supported by carrier rollers and guided along the route by centring rollers.\nScrew conveyors transfer the load using a screw that rotates in a stationary trough. The material to be transported rotates with the screw and, following the coils of the screw line, moves along its axis. Screw conveyors are used to transport dust, coal dust, slag, and all kinds of loose (and other) materials over short distances.\nChain conveyors have several key functions for recovering and transporting slag, which is made possible, among others, by its quenching and draining of water. The wear-resistant materials or basalt aggregate used are intended to protect the structure from erosion and corrosion. The dimensions of the entire structure depend on the Customer’s individual needs and preferences. Chain conveyors ensure efficient slag recovery. The properties and purpose of chain conveyors make them suitable for use in, among others, the metallurgy, mining, and broadly defined power generation sectors. Thanks to thoughtful design and durable structure, our proposal is competitive, providing efficient slag collection, cooling, and conveying in a compatible way with the existing system.\nTo transport the fuel in different planes (up to 90 degrees), chain conveyors are installed. They are flexible in terms of the particle sizes conveyed, which can be freely distributed along the chain length. To avoid dust emissions, they are protected by barriers. These conveyors operate at low speeds and with low loads.\nSystems for transporting materials from their storage area are tailored to the individual needs of the customer – from the concept stage, through the system design, its manufacture, to its assembly and commissioning.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://heelium.in/pages/resistance-band", "date": "2024-03-01T01:03:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474893.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229234355-20240301024355-00793.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9567883014678955, "token_count": 158, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__74081560", "lang": "en", "text": "Tear Resistant & Durable\nThe number one problem with exercise bands is that they break easily. We solve that for you!\nOur bands made from high quality polymer combines the right formulation with optimal thickness to produce a band that lasts long.\nSlip Resistant Texture\nFor effective training and therapy, you need a band with a slip proof grip so that you can focus on the exercise.\nOur bands are specially designed with an engineered surface texture that ensures a strong grip.\nAnti-Allergic, Latex Free Polymer\nThese bands are made from Latex Free Polymer which makes them anti-allergic, specifically suitable for people with latex related allergies.\nOverall, the bands are skin friendly and have a super soft feel, far better than latex bands.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hibiki.sinfo-t.jp/eng/product_vib/drycool/", "date": "2023-06-04T23:32:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650409.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604225057-20230605015057-00007.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9495311975479126, "token_count": 310, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__170875961", "lang": "en", "text": "Even materials of different grading and specific gravity can be fluidized uniformly by vibration and air currents.\nDrying and cooling are always carried out uniformly as the conveying speed is fixed and this results in constant residence time.\nSince the layer depth and residence time can be controlled exactly as required by varying the vibrating condition by means of electric control such as an inverter, the temperature and moisture content of materials can readily be adjusted as needed to match ambient temperature and humidity conditions. All this gives greatly improved product quality.\nAs the hot air and cool air act as a cushion, shocks to the materials are reduced, and damage and loss by exhaust of materials as well as dust generation are prevented. Flakes and pellets rare not damaged or powdered.\nSince moisture content adjustment by hot air and temperature control by cool air are performed consecutively in one system, an efficient process line can be achieved. This is very suitable for drying and cooling where strict and precise quality control is required.\nThe power required for blowing air is greatly reduced as vibrating movement fluidizes and conveys materials effectively. Thus, this vibratory system gives far greater energy saving than other types. In addition, as heat conductivity rate is high, the unit processing capability is also large.\nSince vibration does not allow retention of materials on the trough face, all types of materials can be evenly dried and cooled. Even powders and particles with high moisture content or those with high cohesiveness can be smoothly processed with a simple adjustment of the vibration and blower speed.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.gekkos.com/services/laboratories/metallurgical-lab", "date": "2024-02-22T01:07:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473598.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221234056-20240222024056-00754.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8456109762191772, "token_count": 566, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__68269203", "lang": "en", "text": "Achieves accurate results from ore test samples to maximise recoveries for mining operations.\nMineral recovery is as much a science as it is a process. That’s why Gekko’s technical team use scientific evidence to optimise and maximise a specific mineral recovery process.\nGekko’s metallurgists, chemical engineers and laboratory specialists, in consultation with mine operators, run a range of analytical tests on ore samples. Gekko deliver high-quality, reliable results using state-of-the-art instruments and quality-controlled methods.\nA specialist laboratory backed by world-class technical expertise.\nAccurate testing and subsequent plant efficiency improvements help to protect the environment from the impacts of mining.\nEvery process step for mineral recovery can be replicated and tested for viability and efficiency by Gekko’s world-class metallurgical laboratory service.\nThe metallurgical laboratory has state-of-the-art equipment for sample preparation, grinding, flotation, gravity separation, gold leaching, as well as a leach pilot plant to test protocols, circuit configurations and more.\nProfessional advice is offered to maximise recoveries from ore deposits, including recommendations for gravity separation, flotation, intensive cyanide leaching, electrowinning, sizing and more.\nPython testwork can be performed. From a 400-500 kg ore sample, the suitability for pre-concentration of mineral in Gekko’s Python Processing Plant can be determined.\nGravity separation creates a high-grade stream of concentrates for preferential treatment and efficiently removes waste. Specialist testwork provides accurate recovery information to optimise gravity separation processes for highest yields.\n- Pre-concentration of minerals and gangue rejection via gravity separation\n- Mineral liberation, comminution and feed preparation\n- Scavenging of fine fractions via gravity separation and flotation\n- Intensive cyanide leaching\n- Recovery of gold and silver from solution via ion exchange and electrowinning.\nLarge scale testing for larger benefits\nThe flowsheet concepts that Gekko design and test on a small scale in the laboratory are met and matched by robust large-scale production plant solutions:\n|Production Plant Solutions\n|Laboratory scale Gekko inLine Spinner\n|Gekko InLine Spinner®\n|Laboratory scale Falcon Concentrator\n|Intensive cyanide leaching\n|Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – batch\n|Laboratory scale Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – continuous\n|Gekko InLine Leach Reactor® – continuous\n|Bottle roll and gold absorption using AuRIX® 100 resin\n|Gekko Resin Column®", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://discountgolfcentral.com/2017/07/11/top-5-iron-sets/", "date": "2019-04-23T07:51:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578596541.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423074936-20190423100936-00305.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8825317621231079, "token_count": 672, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__215668705", "lang": "en", "text": "If you are in the market for new clubs now is a great time to look at the best and most affordable iron sets for the coming 2017 golf season.\nSingle length irons give golfers the benefit of solid shots without having to change address positions as shaft lengths change as with traditional variable length sets. The Edel SLS-01 Irons do just that. They have a hollow body design with progressive face thickness and a thermoplastic inside to improve feel, sound and energy transfer.\n- Hollow body design allows for a stronger club face\n- Progressive face thickness delivers consistent distance gapping\n- Progressive internal cavities controls ball speed\n- Carbon steel shafts\n- Thermoplastic polymer insert provides a softer feel\n- Centered CG improves head stability\n- Price – ~$1,200 for a 5-set\nMiura has launched the PP-9005 Genesis Forged Irons created by the legendary designer Katsuhiro Miura. Crafted for golfers at all skill levels, this is the first Miura iron to combine the trademark feel of soft-forged steel with the distance generated by a 455 Carpenter steel face plate. The precision craftsmanship, cutting-edge technology and beauty of the design combine to make this iron a true game changer.\n- 454 Carpenter steel face gives maximum distance with an advanced club face\n- 3-pocket construction creates an optimal launch angle and spin\n- Price – ~$300 per head\nThe Ping i200 is an iron fit for scoring. They have the look and feel of a player’s style iron, with exceptional forgiveness for it’s size.\n- 431 stainless steel metal and a chrome finish\n- The thin clubface delivers more distance\n- Elastomer insert activates at impact for more dampening and solid feel\n- The weight savings from the club face are redistributed to the heel-to-toe regions for increased MOI\n- Price – ~$1,110 for full set\nThe JPX 900 Tour combines the best attributes of Mizuno’s player’s irons, with the advanced weighting strategies, and great design styling, providing a compact, workable iron with a surprising level of playability.\n- Grain Flow Forged 1025E Pure Select Mild Carbon Steel for a soft, solid, consistent feel\n- Specialized heat treatment optimizes strength and softness\n- Tour-proven sole designs ensures maximum versatility and playability\n- Reinforced top line ensures a strong, powerful sound at impact\n- Price – ~$1,200 for a full set\nThe XR OS Irons are easier to hit and are more forgiving than its predecessors with Callaway’s new 360 Face Cup technology. It’s easy to launch and easy to pick up distance for players who want to add ball speed and hit the ball farther.\n- Face Cup Technology makes the ball easier to hit and more forgiving\n- The soles of the XR OS Irons are wider to give you more distance out of every impact location\n- XR OS Irons are easy to launch with a Center of Gravity that’s lower and further back\n- Progressive lengths and lofts for longer distance off each club\nPrice: $899 Discounted Price: $699", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.sagisa.com/3mproducts/Polypropylene-Ranges.php", "date": "2013-06-18T08:22:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368707186142/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516122626-00094-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6913254261016846, "token_count": 923, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__175424916", "lang": "en", "text": "Polypropylene (or cotton) media. Depth filtration media. Exclusive CUNO patented process which combines blanket media and wound matrix (yarn). Available in cartridges from 10\" to 40\". High temp. resistance (up to 121°C), Nominal ratings from 1 to 125 µm.\nElectronicsMW and MPP ranges Electrolytic baths, Waste water, First water prefiltration\nPower GenerationMW range Waste water\nChemicalMW range Acids prefiltration, Process water, Alcohols, solvents\nOil & GasMW and MPP range Refined products prefiltration, Aggressive solvents\nGeneral IndustrialMPP range Metallisation bath, Waste water\nFood & BeverageBeverage prefiltration, Process water\nPolypropylene (or polyester) media. Bi-component fibre technology. Depth filtration. Micron rating from 2 µm absolute to 200 µm nominal Classification effect. Available in cartridges from 10\" to 40\" integral length and capsules.\nElectronicsPolyolefin Betapure Demineralised water, Solvents, Effluents\nPower GenerationPolyolefin Betapure Process water Equipment protection\nChemicalPolyester Betapure Aggressive solvents\nPaints & CoatingsBetapure ranges Polyolefin & Polyester Waterborne or solvent paints, Car paints - Varnish, top coat, metallics, mica - Can & coil coatings, Inks, special papers\nGeneral IndustrialBetapure range Polyolefin & Polyester Cooling water, Solvent recovery\nPolypropylene depth media. Patented construction technology. High flow rates & dirt holding capacity. Rating from 0.5 to 70 µm absolute. Validation support DMF n° for the Pharma grade. Available in cartridges from 10\" to 40\" integral length and capsules.\nElectronicsIndustrial Betapure PN UPW per RO, CMP slurries, emulsions, Etching baths, metallisation baths, Acids, cooling water\nPower GenerationIndustrial PolyNet Stator cooling water, Waste water, Effluents, Condensate water\nChemicalIndustrial Betapure PN High Purity Chemicals, Acids, bleach, Polymers (PP,PE,…), Process water\nOil & GasIndustrial Betapure PN Amines, glycols, Refined products\nPaints & CoatingsIndustrial Betapure PN Special coatings (paper, film), Magnetic media, Can & coil coating, High quality inks, Lens coating\nGeneral IndustrialIndustrial Betapure PN Cutting oils, lubricants, Detergents, pulp & paper, Textiles, metallisation bath, Process Water\nBiotechnologyBetapure PN PB (Pharma) Clarification & membrane protection for growth media, vaccines, cell culture & Blood fractionation\nFine Chemicals & CosmeticsBetapure PN PB (Pharma) carbon fines removal, precipitate removal, clarification of perfumes, solvent filtration, water system\nPharmaceuticalsBetapure PN PB (Pharma) Oral liquids and syrups, Clarification and membrane protection, water systems\nFood & BeverageBetapure PN FB (Beverage) Wine, Beer, Bottled water, Spirits (vodka, cognac,...), Edible oils, Process water\nPolypropylene pleated media. Patented APTTM pleat technology. High flow rates & long life time. Rating from 0.2 to 70 µm absolute. Available in cartridges from 10\" to 40\" integral length and capsules.\nElectronicsCD & hard disks, Printed Circuit Boards, Flat screens, Ultra Pure Water\nChemicalIntermediate product clarification, Various acid & caustic solutions, Solvents, polymers, Rinsing water\nPaints & CoatingsPhotographic films, Special inks, Special papers\nGeneral IndustrialProcess water, Galvanic baths, Cutting emulsion, Detergents Betafine D General Industrial\nBiotechnologyClarification & membrane protection for growth media, vaccines, cell culture & Blood fractionation\nFine Chemicals & CosmeticsCarbon fines removal, precipitate removal, clarification of perfumes, solvent filtration, water system\nPharmaceuticalsOral liquids and syrups, Clarification and membrane protection, water systems\nFood & BeveragePre Filtration, Wine, Beer, Bottled water, Process water", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://therapinsider.com/2023/07/10/finding-the-appropriate-epoxy-resins-supplier-is-crucial-for-quality-and-dependability/", "date": "2023-09-23T10:36:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923094750-20230923124750-00038.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9239771366119385, "token_count": 838, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__85504805", "lang": "en", "text": "Epoxy resins are versatile materials utilized extensively in numerous industries, such as construction, aerospace, automotive, and electronics. They are valuable for bonding, coating, and composite applications due to their exceptional strength, durability, and adhesion properties. Choosing the right supplier for […]\nEpoxy resins are versatile materials utilized extensively in numerous industries, such as construction, aerospace, automotive, and electronics. They are valuable for bonding, coating, and composite applications due to their exceptional strength, durability, and adhesion properties. Choosing the right supplier for epoxy resins is essential for ensuring the final product’s quality, dependability, and performance. This article will discuss the significance of locating a reputable supplier of epoxy resins and the factors to consider when making the correct choice.\nAssurance of Quality and Product Consistency\nEnsuring high-quality products is one of the primary advantages of working with a reputable epoxy resin supplier. A reputable supplier employs stringent quality control measures to ensure their epoxy resins conform to industry standards and specifications. By procuring from such a supplier, manufacturers can have confidence in the consistency and dependability of the epoxy resins, resulting in consistent product performance and a lower defect risk.\nTechnical Assistance and Knowledge\nA reliable epoxy resins supplier provides high-quality products, valuable technical support, and knowledge. They can offer advice on product selection, application techniques, and problem-solving, as they are familiar with the specific needs of various industries. A knowledgeable supplier can contribute to the final product’s success and increase customer satisfaction by optimizing formulations, addressing compatibility concerns, and providing recommendations for specific applications.\nProduct Selection and Personalization Options\nEpoxy compounds are versatile because they can be formulated to satisfy specific requirements. A reputable supplier offers various products with varying viscosities, curing periods, and properties to accommodate various application requirements. In addition, they should be able to offer customization options, allowing customers to tailor epoxy resins to their particular specifications. This adaptability allows manufacturers to optimize performance, increase productivity, and attain desired results.\nReliable Supply Chain and On-Time Shipping\nA dependable supplier of epoxy resins recognizes the significance of a streamlined supply chain and on-time delivery. They have implemented effective inventory management systems to assure product availability and reduce lead times. Manufacturers can rely on these suppliers to provide consistent and on-time deliveries, thereby minimizing production delays and preserving operational efficiency. This reliability in the supply chain results in increased consumer satisfaction and productivity.\nEnvironmental and Safety Standards Compliance\nEnvironmental and safety concerns are paramount in the modern manufacturing landscape. Compliance with relevant regulations and standards, such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals), is a priority for a reputable supplier of epoxy resins. They are strongly committed to environmental sustainability and prioritize employee and customer safety. Manufacturers can align with sustainable practices and ensure the health and safety of their operations by partnering with a responsible supplier.\nIndustry Reputation and Client Opinions\nReputation in the industry and consumer feedback are valuable indicators of a supplier’s dependability and quality. Manufacturers can evaluate a supplier’s performance by researching extensively and soliciting recommendations from reputable sources. The supplier’s responsiveness, customer service, and product performance can be determined by perusing customer testimonials and reviews. A supplier with a solid reputation and positive feedback will likely be a reliable partner for procuring epoxy resins.\nTo ensure the quality, dependability, and performance of final products, locating the best epoxy resin supplier is essential. A reputable provider provides high-quality products, technical expertise, a broad product selection, and customization options. They prioritize environmental and safety standards compliance, maintain a dependable supply chain, and provide on-time deliveries. By collaborating with a dependable supplier of epoxy resins, manufacturers can optimize their production processes, improve product performance, and meet customer expectations. In industries dependent on epoxy resins, selecting a reliable supplier is crucial to attaining success and obtaining a competitive advantage.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://electricalmotorshaft.tradeindia.com/standing-fan-motor-shafts-3465834.html", "date": "2018-06-24T01:17:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865995.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624005242-20180624025242-00250.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9080498218536377, "token_count": 146, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__13729088", "lang": "en", "text": "|Home||» Products||» Motor Shafts||» Standing Fan Motor Shafts|\nFostered with a team of dedicated and experienced professionals, we are engaged in manufacturing and supplying a wide assortment of Standing Fan Motor Shaft. Used along with the fan motors, this shaft transmits the power generated in the motor to the fan's blade and provides perfect balance to the fan. This shaft is manufactured at our state-of-the-art manufacturing facility using premium quality raw material and modern machinery. Designed in adherence to the set industrial norms, this shaft is highly appreciated for its dimensional accuracy and durability. We offer this Standing Fan Motor Shaft at market leading price to the clients.\nHigh tensile strength", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://roditi.com/SingleCrystal/Gallium_Orthophosphate/Applications.html", "date": "2022-06-30T19:57:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103877410.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220630183616-20220630213616-00410.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8005244135856628, "token_count": 178, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__100879216", "lang": "en", "text": "Gallium Orthophosphate - GaPO4 Applications\nOriginally GaPO4 was designed to withstand the rough conditions inside a combustion engine.\nDue to its exceptional features (see also benefits), GaPO4 gives you significant advantages compared to other piezoelectric materials - even at low temperatures.\nDirect piezoelectric Effect Applications\n- Uncooled Pressure Transducers\n- Force Sensors\nBulk acoustic wave Applications\n- Chemical/Physical Vapour Deposition (CVD/PVD)\n- Chemical Sensors, Biosensors\n- Flexural Resonators\n- Ultrasonic Transducers\nSurface acoustic wave Applications\n- SAW filters for the telecommunication industry\n- Wireless identification systems\n- Remote control sensors", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://cementprogress.com/faqs/", "date": "2024-04-21T15:22:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00247.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9219773411750793, "token_count": 2561, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__156010821", "lang": "en", "text": "What is the Roadmap?\nThe Roadmap is the documentation of the path that the U.S. cement industry and greater construction value chain will use in reaching carbon neutrality throughout the value chain by 2050.\nWhat is in the Roadmap?\nThe Roadmap is a document that includes the targets, the timeframes, the technologies, and the policy needs along each step of the value chain that will get the cement industry to carbon neutrality by 2050.\nWhat is carbon neutrality for concrete?\nCarbon neutrality occurs when CO2 emissions from the production of concrete are offset by at least an equal amount of CO2 reductions.\nWhy 2050? Why not sooner?\nWith full support in these areas, the industry can reach carbon neutrality sooner. While the cement and concrete industry has made consistent progress in reducing the carbon intensity of its products across the value chain, reaching carbon neutrality will require significant advances in technology, policy, infrastructure, and markets. Without those policies and support, it will take the industry more time and possibly jeopardize reaching the goal.\nWhat kind of policies and support?\nReaching carbon neutrality requires support in a wide variety of areas including funding research and development, regulation and permitting, credit for carbon reduction levers, community acceptance, market acceptance, performance-based standards, procurement based on cradle-to grave life cycle analysis, low-carbon infrastructure, and a secure and level playing field.\nHow will the cement and concrete industry get all of this done?\nThe cement industry cannot do it alone. The industry is asking everyone involved throughout the value chain to help reach this goal by re-thinking their role, by setting their own bar higher, by pushing their own envelope further, and by helping advocate for the policies the cement and concrete industry need to reach carbon neutrality. The industry is asking everyone involved throughout the value chain to help advocate for the policies needed to reach carbon neutrality.\nEveryone has a role to play. The academic, the architect, the builder, the contractor, the engineer, our government, the homeowner, the material scientist, the manufacturer, the owner, the policymaker, and the researcher, will all be at the forefront but there are hundreds of others that can support these efforts.\nWhat is the value chain?\nThe value chain includes clinker, cement, concrete, construction, and the use of concrete as a carbon sink. The value chain is a microcosm of a circular economy. Clinker, the first step in the value chain, is an intermediate product within the cement manufacturing process. Cement, the second step, is a blended mixture of clinker and gypsum along with potentially many other materials like limestone and other processing additions. Concrete, the third step, is a mixture of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates, and chemical and mineral admixtures. Concretes today also commonly include, fly ash, slag, and other materials. Construction, the fourth step, is the built environment. Concrete construction includes airports, buildings, bridges, runways, streets, sidewalks, tunnels, and many more structures. The fifth and final step in the value chain is the use of concrete as a carbon sink. Concrete absorbs CO2 throughout its lifetime and even after it is demolished.\nHow much CO2 is generated by the cement industry?\nThe U.S. cement industry contributes 0.17% CO2eq to the global production of CO2. The EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks notes current (2019) total U.S. emissions of 6.6 GtCO2eq. Using the same calculation procedure, the U.S. cement industry contribution to U.S. CO2eq emissions is 1.25%.\nWhere does this CO2 come from?\nThe manufacture of cement relies upon the transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide. That reaction produces CO2 and without that reaction, there can be no clinker, hence no Portland cement. In the U.S. more than 60% of the CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing are generated by this chemical reaction called calcination. PCA and the industry calls this calcination reaction the industry’s “chemical fact of life”. In addition, the chemical reactions to produce clinker require material temperatures of nearly 2,800 degrees Fahrenheit or 1,500 degrees Celsius. (For comparison, the surface temperature of the sun is 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit or 5,500 degrees Celsius.) The only way to achieve those high temperatures is through fuel combustion. In the U.S., just under 40% of the CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing are generated from fuel combustion.\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the clinker stage?\nThe CO2 generated from combustion can be reduced through the transition from traditional fossil fuels like coal, petcoke, and natural gas to alternative fuels including biomass, secondary materials, and renewable energy sources and also from increased fuel efficiency in the manufacturing process. PCA also anticipates that hydrogen and other transformative fuels and transformative technologies will play a role. The CO2 generated from the chemical reaction or chemical fact of life can be reduced by incorporating decarbonated raw materials, including slag and fly ash, as feedstocks. These are materials that have already been processed and no longer contain CO2. Additionally, increasing the use of recycled materials diverts these materials from landfills.\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the cement stage?\nThe CO2 associated from cement can be reduced or avoided by replacing a portion of the clinker with limestone, inorganic processing additions, supplementary cementitious materials, and by manufacturing and transporting cements using zero emission rail and truck transport. PLCs have been available for decades and can reduce the CO2 footprint of today’s cements by up to 10%. Blended cements using fly ash and slag can also reduce CO2. Shifting from prescriptive specifications to performance-based specifications provides designers more flexibility also reduces or avoids CO2.\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided at the concrete stage?\nThe CO2 associated from concrete and concrete production can be reduced or avoided using PLCs and other low-carbon blended cements, supplementary cementitious materials, admixtures to optimize concrete mixtures, and by manufacturing and transporting concrete and concrete products using zero-emissions electricity, rail, and truck transport.\nWhat does it mean to optimize a concrete mixture?\nConcrete mixtures can be optimized by increasing the use of SCMs and using machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence to discover the optimal mix design for specific applications and to identify the optimal sequencing, scheduling, and delivery of concrete and concrete products. Optimized concrete mixtures and concrete products provide the best strength and durability performance requirements and the most sustainable performance for specific individual applications. Quality assurance and acceptance testing of fresh concrete can also be optimized. Optimization ultimately provides better performance with less variability.\nWhat exactly is concrete optimization?\nOptimization is about “shifting the curve” and “shaping the curve” regarding performance. Shifting the curve means bringing the slow adopters and less than average performers into the median or average range, bringing the median or average adopters and performers into the above average range, and allowing the above average performers to push the envelope even further through innovation and discovery. In many cases this means simply removing the obstacles that slow adopters and average performers face. Shaping the curve means bringing the below average and average adopters much closer to and always chasing the above average adopters and performers. It is about setting the bar higher and pushing the envelope further.\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided in the design phase of construction?\nUsing building construction as an example, optimization in the design phase is exemplified by the Whole Building Design Guide developed by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Optimized construction envisions the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and full-life cycle analysis techniques that incorporate energy efficiency, resource efficiency, resiliency, project-life, indoor air quality, and adaptability into the circular economy. The guiding principles for high-performance buildings and infrastructure include employment of integrated design principles, optimization of energy performance, protection and conservation of water, enhancement of indoor air quality, reduction of the environmental impact of materials, and the assessment and consideration of climate change risks. Each of these principles can be met through concrete construction. Design optimization considers the initial structure use as a starting point while providing the flexibility to adapt to the structure’s future uses. Strength, stiffness, stability, slab depth, column size and spacing, and framing considerations can all be optimized for future adaptability.\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided in the construction phase?\nThe CO2 associated with the construction phase can be reduced or avoided through life cycle-based procurement policies, zero-waste materials management, and end-of-life reuse and recycling of concrete materials.\nWhat does it mean to optimize construction?\nConstruction can be optimized using innovative construction techniques like additive manufacturing, a zero-waste construction site, advanced sequencing, and scheduling, zero emission deliveries and zero-emission construction material handling equipment, on-site robotics, and the use of drones. These and many other innovations can all reduce the carbon footprint in the construction phase.\nWhy is it so important to consider the use phase of concrete structures during design and construction?\nThe use phase of a building accounts for 88-98% of the life cycle global warming potential. Research by MIT indicates that using concrete lowers the use phase global warming potential impacts up to 10% and lowers the life cycle global warming potential impacts up to 8% in comparison to buildings that are not concrete.\nHow can the end-of-life phase of concrete be optimized?\nCrushed concrete can be recycled and re-used as aggregate in new concrete mixtures thereby saving the energy required to quarry and process virgin aggregate. Further, over time recycled concrete continues to absorb and sequester CO2 (see discussion about concrete as a carbon sink).\nHow can CO2 be reduced or avoided using concrete as a carbon sink?\nConcrete and live growing trees share something in common; they both absorb CO2. Trees and plants use CO2 to produce the food they need through photosynthesis. Concrete absorbs CO2 from the moment that it sets throughout its entire life through a process called carbonation. Air contains about 0.04% or 400 ppm of CO2. That CO2 naturally diffuses into concrete and reacts with the calcium hydroxide and other hydration products in concrete to form calcium carbonate. This reaction is irreversible.\nHow much CO2 can concrete absorb?\nThe absorption of CO2 by concrete depends primarily on the concrete surface area exposed to the atmosphere, the amount of water and moisture available, the permeability of the concrete, and the length of exposure. For example, an above grade concrete wall will slowly absorb CO2 throughout its life. If that concrete wall is removed, reduced into smaller aggregate-sized particles, and exposed to the atmosphere in a stockpile, it will absorb CO2 more quickly due to the higher surface area. The crushed concrete can then often be recycled as aggregate. Various models using the compressive strength of the concrete, the type of structure, the type of exposure (exposed to rain vs. sheltered from rain, indoor vs. outdoor, with or without cover, in ground or out of the ground) have been developed to calculate the degree of carbonation. The U.S. EPA is currently evaluating what is known as the Tier I model for incorporation into the National Inventory Report. Current estimates indicate that approximately 10% of the CO2 generated during the manufacture of cement and concrete can ultimately be absorbed over the life of a concrete structure.\nWhat is CCUS?\nCCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) is an integral part of the Roadmap and includes a range of technologies that capture CO2 as the first step and then either transforms the CO2 into a useful product or sequesters (permanently store) the CO2. While some commercial scale projects are being implemented in other industries and countries, the use of CCUS in the cement industry, like other industries, is still in the research and development stage. The cement industry is currently evaluating the use of solvents, sorbents, membranes, oxyfuel combustion, oxyfuel calcination, calcium or carbonate looping, algae capture, direct separation reactor technology, and other carbon capture and related technologies in cement plants worldwide.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.zijinmining.com/business/product-detail-26919.htm", "date": "2020-03-29T09:04:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370494064.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329074745-20200329104745-00349.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9192951321601868, "token_count": 364, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__25039190", "lang": "en", "text": "Kyzyl-Tash Turk Polymetallic Mine\nMine Type: Open Pit, Underground\nRussia Longxing Co., Ltd., established in 2005, is located at 120 km northeast of the capital city Kizil, Russia’s Republic of Tuva. Its registered capital is 700 million Rubles, Zijin holding 70%. By the end of 2018, it had about 900 employees. The core asset of Longxing is Kyzyl-Tash Turk zinc-lead-copper mine. The design production for Kyzyl-Tash Turk mine is to produce 80,000 tonnes of zinc, 5,000 tonnes of copper and produce 10,000 tonnes of lead.\nThe company designed a two-phase project for Kyzyl-Tash Turk polymetallic mine. Phase I is developing the open pit, and build up a ore processing plant and relevant facilities. Phase II mainly focuses on underground mining. The project started commercial production in June 2015.\nKyzyl-Tash Turk mine is a large zinc-lead polymetallic deposit associated with other metals. Up to December 31st, 2018, the mineral reserves and resources of Kyzyl-Tash Turk were 14.43 million tonnes, including 1.08 million tonnes of zinc reserves, 129,600 tonnes of copper reserves and 141,700 tonnes of lead.\nThe designed ore processing capacity of Kyzyl-Tash Turk is 1Mpta, producing 81,000 tonnes of zinc, 10,000 tonnes of lead and 3,546 tonnes of copper annually.\nIn 2018, the Kyzyl-Tash Turk produced 99,918 tonnes of zinc and 4,152 tonnes of lead, achieved revenue of 1.678 billion yuan and total profit of 792 million yuan.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dixitdentalcare.com/services/cosmetic-dentistry/ceramic-veneers/", "date": "2023-02-06T09:16:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500334.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206082428-20230206112428-00755.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9630985856056213, "token_count": 266, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-06", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__194165608", "lang": "en", "text": "Ceramic veneers are basically really thin and customized shells of materials which are tooth-coloured and are used to cover the frontal part of your teeth. They are used to enhance the appearance of teeth and are also known as porcelain veneers or dental porcelain laminates. They are bonded to the front section of your teeth and accordingly their colour, length, size and shape also changes.\nCeramic Veneers are usually made using porcelain. In certain cases, resin composite materials can also be used to create veneers. However, studies have shown that porcelain veneers tend to resist stains way more than resin veneers. Porcelain veneers also have excellent light reflecting properties which make them more akin to normal teeth. However, the choice of veneer material should always be based upon your dentist’s advice.\nCeramic veneers do not need any special maintenance routine. You should have good oral hygiene habits which include brushing, flossing and rinsing from time to time with an antiseptic mouthwash. Porcelain veneers do not attract stains due to its high polishability and glaze even after years of service. So, Go ahead, as this retains your bright smile forever.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.alensa.co.uk/dailies-total1-contact-lenses-multifocal-90-lenses", "date": "2020-07-02T12:08:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655878753.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702111512-20200702141512-00279.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6818224787712097, "token_count": 279, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__85097947", "lang": "en", "text": "Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal (90 lenses)\n|Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal (30 lenses)||£31.59|\nDailies TOTAL1 Multifocal Daily Disposable Contact Lenses\nDailies Total1 Multifocal are daily, silicone-hydrogel contact lenses from producer Alcon. They have a variable water content. Their production technology combines classic hydrogel material, which contains a high amount of water, with silicone-hydrogel, which provides the necessary oxygen permeability to the cornea. Both materials enhance the comfort of wear. This package contains 90 lenses.\nRead more about Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal contact lenses.\n|Pack size:||90 lenses|\n|Replacement schedule:||1 Day|\n|Expiration:||12 months and more|\n|Oxygen permeability:||156 Dk/t|\n|Product name:||Dailies TOTAL1 Multifocal|\n|Lenses Material:||Delefilcon A|\n|Power range:||from -10.00 to +6.00|\n|Add power:||HI (MAX ADD +2.50), LO (MAX ADD +1.25), MED (MAX ADD +2.00)|\n|Extended or overnight wear:||No|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://advancedfastening.com/product/2471-20", "date": "2024-04-20T00:46:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817463.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419234422-20240420024422-00602.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9315675497055054, "token_count": 262, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__179076843", "lang": "en", "text": "Our M12™ Copper Tubing Cutter cuts up to 10X faster than conventional cutters and gives you up to 200 cuts on a single charge thanks to ultra-efficient gearing. This is the industry's first cordless battery-powered copper pipe cutter and was engineered with plumbers, mechanical contractors, and remodelers in mind. The copper tubing cutter runs at 500 RPM, giving you unmatched cutting speed and the patent-pending cutting mechanism automatically adjusts the diameter to cut Type K, L and M copper pipes from 3/8” to 1” (OD from ½” to 1-1/8”). This close quarters copper tubing cutter has a unique rotating cutting head that allows you to cut installed copper piping with as little as 1-1/2” clearance. The lightweight pipe cutter features an in-line design, providing you with a longer reach and reduced wrist strain when working in confined spaces and has a built-in LED light that illuminates the cutting surface. The metal cutting head is corrosion and rust resistant, and sealed for water protection, while electronic overload protection and unibody construction provide additional durability. An onboard, real-time battery fuel gauge helps you monitor the charge precisely, so there’s less downtime on the job.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.chimsoc.co.uk/shop/Twin-Wall-Flue-125mm-Ventilated-Firestop-Plate-Black.html", "date": "2021-03-06T05:50:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178374391.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210306035529-20210306065529-00074.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9131006002426147, "token_count": 364, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__189927192", "lang": "en", "text": "A firestop plate is used to allow the chimney to pass between floors, for example, when you need the chimney to go through the ceiling on the ground floor through to the first floor. The steel plate is designed to provide the appropriate distance between the flue and the adjacent flammable materials, according to both fire and building regulations. A plate must be used top and bottom of the floor penetration. A non-ventilated firestop plate can only be used on installations burning gas or oil (T200). For T600 solid fuel installations ventilated plates must be used. All KW fire stops are set at a 50mm to combustible distance.\nFor use on solid fuel and gas/oil appliances. eg: wood burninig stoves, multi fuel stoves gas coal effect fires, oil and gas boiler and any solid fuel appliances.\nOuter skin is made from 304 grade stainless steel and is 0.4mm thick. Inner skin is made from 316 grade stainless steel and is 0.4mm thick. Insulation is compressed rockwool giving a density of 200kg/m3. All parts are fully welded. Distance to combustibles is 50mm.\nKW is HETAS Approved and is CE marked.\nEN1856-1 T600 N1 W V2 L50040 G50.\nEN1856-1 T200 W V2 L50040 O20.\nKW twin wall insulated chimney parts are secured together by using a locking band. Make sure that you keep a distance of 50mm from the outside of the flue to any combustible material (wood, plaster board).\nKW is sold under separate brand names in the UK. Components may be branded as KW, KC or TW Pro.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://en.oono-as.jp/company/group/nikkei/", "date": "2023-11-30T16:49:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00198.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.861531138420105, "token_count": 596, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__22173995", "lang": "en", "text": "With our eyes on the future,\nwe’re constantly taking on new challenges.\nTo build the cities of our dreams, we are committed to improving quality and ensuring reliable product supply.\nAll operations from making a single grain of aggregate to producing and delivering concrete take place within our Group. Our goal for the future is to create a secure and reassuring environment.\n|Company Name||Nikkei Fresh Concrete Co., Ltd.|\n|Office Address||Matsuyama Plant: 6-16-4 Kukō-dōri, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime-ken, 790-0054 Japan\nKawauchi Plant: Otsu 826-3 Kawanouchi, Tōon-shi, Ehime-ken, 791-0321 Japan\n|How to Contact||Matsuyama Plant : TEL +81-89-965-4074\nKawauchi Plant : TEL +81-89-966-2323\n|Founded||June 29, 1994|\n|Capital Stock||JPY 10,000,000|\n|Production Capacity||Matsuyama Plant – 150㎥/h＋120㎥/h\nKawauchi Plant – 120㎥/h\n|Number of Vehicles||35 large mixer trucks, 15 small mixer trucks, 8 pumping trucks|\n|Business Activities||Production and sale of ready-mixed concrete|\n|Representative Director||Kikuo Shinomori|\nWe manufacture in a Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism-authorized factory.\nDue to the spread of high-rise RC used for buildings, higher safety and durability for seismic resistance are in demand. The importance of high-strength concrete are being featured more to meet this demand.\nWe, alone in the ready-mixed concrete factory, obtained authorization for design strength of up to 60N / mm2 using normal Portland cement and low-heat Portland cement. Furthermore, as we are building on in our experience with manufacturing and delivering of high-strength concrete, the scope of authorization for design strength has risen up to 80N/mm (★) using low-heat Portland cement.\nSalt-free Screened Sand Concrete\nOur aggregate uses crushed stones from a single quarry, extracted by Toyo Saiseki.\nWhile concerns are rising over faked seismic resistance, the Nankai earthquakes, and the reliability of concrete buildings, each and every single particle matters now more than ever.\nIt is the sand! Sodium in sand corrodes rebar little by little. Nikkei Fresh Concrete ready-mixed concrete is manufactured 100% with “salt-free screened sand” produced by Toyo Saiseki. The sense of security for the future, we believe, begins with the sincere selection of each grain of sand.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.elephantblossom.co.uk/collections/callisto-pendants/products/callisto-pendant-1", "date": "2021-01-23T16:45:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703538226.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123160717-20210123190717-00607.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9359568953514099, "token_count": 106, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-04", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__234213252", "lang": "en", "text": "Fused glass pendant created using sheet glass, glass powders and silver foil, allowing chemical reactions to occur between the elements.\nMain colours: white/vanilla. Findings:silver plated. Size: approx 2.5 x 3cm\nAll pendants are supplied with a length of black leather cord.\nEach piece is unique and the one shown here is the one you will receive.\nGlass is extremely difficult to photograph well, but I have done my best to represent the colour as accurately as possible.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://matthewstephens.ie/blogs/news/lab-grown-diamonds-vs-natural-diamonds-your-ultimate-faq-guide", "date": "2024-03-04T15:54:52Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476452.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304133241-20240304163241-00366.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9273102879524231, "token_count": 936, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__129109746", "lang": "en", "text": "At Matthew Stephens Jewellers, we understand that diamonds are more than just gemstones – they're symbols of everlasting elegance and cherished moments. With the advent of lab-grown diamonds, a new chapter has been added to the diamond story, sparking intrigue and inquiries. If you've ever wondered about the nuances between lab-grown and natural diamonds, rest assured, we've got you covered. Our in-depth FAQ guide is here to provide you with insights that will illuminate the path to making informed choices.\nWhat's the fundamental difference between lab-grown and natural diamonds?\nThe core distinction lies in their origins. Natural diamonds form deep within the Earth's crust over millions of years through intense heat and pressure. On the other hand, lab-grown diamonds are meticulously crafted in controlled laboratory environments using advanced techniques that simulate natural conditions. Despite this divergence, both types share the same chemical composition and physical properties.\nHow are lab-grown diamonds created?\nLab-grown diamonds are typically produced through two main methods: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT). In the CVD process, a carbon-rich gas is introduced into a controlled chamber, allowing carbon atoms to accumulate layer by layer on a diamond substrate. In the HPHT method, a diamond seed is subjected to extreme pressure and high temperatures, causing carbon atoms to crystallize around the seed and form a larger diamond.\nCan lab-grown diamonds replicate the visual brilliance of natural diamonds?\nAbsolutely. Thanks to their identical chemical composition, lab-grown diamonds exhibit the same optical properties as natural diamonds. The captivating play of light, sparkle, and prismatic effects that define diamonds are faithfully replicated in lab-grown gems. Distinguishing between the two often requires specialized equipment and analysis.\nAre lab-grown diamonds considered real diamonds?\nYes, lab-grown diamonds are indeed real diamonds. They possess the same chemical and physical attributes as natural diamonds. Every labgrown diamond is accompanied by certification from respected gemological institutes like the International Gemological Institute (IGI) or The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA ). These certifications provide detailed evaluations of the diamond's characteristics, including Carat, Cut, Clarity, and Color.\nHow do lab-grown diamonds impact the jewellery industry?\nLab-grown diamonds have introduced a fresh perspective to the jewellery industry. Additionally, their accessibility and potential for customization offer exciting possibilities for jewellery designers and buyers alike.\nWhat's the future outlook for lab-grown diamonds?\nThe future for lab-grown diamonds is promising. As technology continues to evolve, the quality and availability of lab-grown diamonds are expected to rise. They will likely continue to coexist harmoniously with natural diamonds, offering consumers a wider range of choices while upholding the essence of these timeless gemstones.\nAre lab-grown diamonds more affordable than natural diamonds?\nGenerally, lab-grown diamonds tend to be much more affordable than their natural counterparts of similar quality. However, pricing can vary based on factors like size, cut, clarity, and color. It's essential to consider your preferences and budget when making a choice.\nCan lab-grown diamonds be used for engagement rings and heirloom jewellery?\nA8: Absolutely. some couples are embracing lab-grown diamonds for engagement rings due to the big impact they can offer at lower prices. Lab-grown diamonds can also hold sentimental value and be cherished as heirloom pieces, just like natural diamonds. But overall, Natural Diamonds are still the preferred choice of most to mark the major milestones in life.\nHow can I tell the difference between lab-grown and natural diamonds?\nDistinguishing between lab-grown and natural diamonds with the naked eye is challenging. Specialized equipment and expertise are required for accurate identification. However, the certification provided by gemological institutes accompanies lab-grown diamonds, ensuring transparency and authenticity.\nCan lab-grown diamonds hold their value over time?\nAs production techniques have developed, prices of lab grown Diamonds have fallen dramatically between 50% - 70% for certain sizes. Experts predict that Prices have plateaued, and we don’t expect any major price reductions over the coming months or years. In the captivating world of diamonds, lab-grown gems have added a new dimension to the narrative. Their innovation, and brilliance make them a compelling choice for those seeking both beauty at affordable prices. As you explore the realm of diamonds, armed with this FAQ guide, you'll be equipped to appreciate the unique charm of lab-grown diamonds alongside their natural counterparts.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://andyschroder.com/CPCEvacuatedTube/", "date": "2024-04-17T11:31:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817153.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417110701-20240417140701-00292.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8827954530715942, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__5097284", "lang": "en", "text": "How it works\nAbout the technology\n- Water, or another heat transfer fluid is slowly pumped through the solar collector and is heated by the sun.\n- Hot water is typically used to heat a building, provide domestic hot water, or provide industrial process heat.\n- An insulated water storage tank is typically used to store energy for night use or cloudy days.\n- Collector is made of a glass vacuum tube with an aluminum cylinder inside.\n- Light passes through the first layer of glass, through the vacuum, and is then absorbed upon a specialized coating on the second layer of glass, converting the solar energy into heat energy.\n- Heat is then conducted from the second layer of glass, to the aluminum cylinder.\n- Inside the aluminum cylinder is a copper pipe. Water flows through the copper pipe absorbing thermal energy.\n- Behind the glass tube is a compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) reflector, an advanced mirror that concentrates light onto the absorber surface.\n- This configuration offers a high gross collector efficiency in a compact, non-tracking solar thermal collector.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://weigroups.com/xwzx/kydt/7e6c0af97bc5433fa279d731e3478f58.htm", "date": "2020-12-05T14:55:50Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141747887.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20201205135106-20201205165106-00516.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9385596513748169, "token_count": 1016, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__175550387", "lang": "en", "text": "Recently, the mining and metallurgy group received a letter of thanks from Comika mining simple Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as \"Comika company\") to express its gratitude for the mineral processing technology research and design consulting services provided by the mining and metallurgy group for the oxidized ore construction of Comika phase II project.\nIt was mentioned in the letter that the mining and metallurgy group overcame many difficulties and completed various tasks with quality and quantity, which laid a solid foundation for the stable production of oxidized ore in the next stage of Komika phase II project. A few days ago, the second phase hydrometallurgy plant has completed the commissioning with materials and produced the first batch of cathode copper. Comika expects to continue to draw a blueprint with the mining and metallurgy group on the hot land of Congo (DRC), promote the cooperation between the two sides to go deep and practical, go steady and go far, build a greater America Africa and create a better future together.\nComika company is subordinate to Wanbao mineral Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as \"Wanbao mineral\"), which is a subsidiary of Wanbao mineral for the development and operation of kamoya copper cobalt ore.\nThe geological structure of kamoya copper cobalt deposit is relatively complex, there are many kinds of ores, and the grade fluctuates greatly. In 2011, in order to help promote the development of phase I South II ore body, the mineral processing Institute of mining and metallurgy group carried out Beneficiation Technology Research on kamoya sulfide ore, oxide ore and mixed ore, developed mineral processing technology suitable for ore characteristics, and optimized the design process of phase I project. After the first phase project was put into operation, the output and standard were quickly achieved, with an annual output of 60000 tons of copper cobalt sulfide concentrate. The average recovery rate of copper and cobalt were 93.12% and 91.46%, respectively. The economic benefits were significant, which was highly appraised by comica company.\nIn June 2016, in order to promote the development of phase II oxide ore project, Comika company commissioned the Metallurgical Institute of mining and metallurgy group to carry out \"small scale experimental study on the leaching process of kamoya copper oxide ore\", and carried out detailed technological research on the East II ore body, North ore body, medium ore body and the west of main ore body in kamoya mining area, which provides the basis for the feasibility study and preliminary design of phase II project.\nDue to the large amount of dolomite in the ore body of kamoya, the acid consumption of direct leaching of raw ore is too high, reaching about 310kg / t-ore. however, the supply of sulfuric acid in DRC is short and the price is very high, which seriously affects the economic benefits of the project. In order to improve the economic benefits of copper oxide ore in the development of medium-sized ore bodies, on the basis of small-scale experimental study of leaching process, the mineral processing Institute and the Metallurgical Institute organized backbone forces to give full play to their respective advantages. Through the comparison of multiple schemes, the combined process technology of high acid consumption copper cobalt oxide ore in Comika medium ore body was developed. Under the premise of little change in the comprehensive recovery rate of copper and cobalt, beneficiation and metallurgy were greatly reduced Cost recovery provides technical support for the promotion of the project. At the same time, the mineral processing Institute and the Metallurgical Institute have cooperated to verify the adaptability of the combined process technology for the East II ore body, the North ore body, the west main ore body, and the kazibiz ore body. Combining with the copper and cobalt Market Situation and the results of beneficiation and metallurgy test, reasonable suggestions on the development sequence of oxide ore are given.\nThe project team of Mineral Processing Institute and Metallurgical Institute of mining and metallurgy group has served for 10 months in Congo (DRC) of Comika company. In addition to the research on the combined process technology of hydrometallurgy and beneficiation and metallurgy of oxidized ore, the project team also carried out technical research on the problems encountered in the field production, and solved the mineral processing technical problems and on-site production problems of carbon shale type refractory sulfide ore Lay a solid foundation for production tasks.\nIn 2019, in order to strengthen the cooperation of African regional projects and help the \"belt and road\" initiative, the mining and metallurgy group and Wanbao minerals established a joint beneficiation and metallurgy laboratory in Comika company of Congo (DRC). The joint laboratory will provide greater support for the development of subsequent Comika projects, on-site services and the development of other mining projects.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.turfix.co.uk/product-page/hinged-aluminium-rugby-posts", "date": "2022-06-28T11:23:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103516990.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628111602-20220628141602-00673.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8714526891708374, "token_count": 173, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__66085723", "lang": "en", "text": "These rugby posts from Harrod Sport are lightweight and easier to handle, with uprights supplied in sections for ease of transportation and storage.\n• Hinged adaptors with high tensile bolts make erection of posts easier and safer.\n• Manufactured from aluminium tube making the post lightweight and very durable.\n• Bottom uprights 7m long, 76mm diameter x 5mm thick.\n• Top uprights 7m long, 63.5mm diameter x 3mm thick.\n• Crossbar 5.6m long, 50mm diameter x 3mm thick.\n• 1m deep sockets with 80mm inside diameter complete with base plates.\n• Heights quoted are out of ground height.\n• Polyester powder coated white.\n• Crossbar height 3.0m from ground to top of crossbar.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.cuttingedge-knife.com/products/fd-060", "date": "2024-03-01T13:06:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00432.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8460281491279602, "token_count": 180, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__123706851", "lang": "en", "text": "FD-060 Stag Antler handle w/Honeycome 440c blade\nThis is a handcrafted handle made of Stag antler. The handle measures 4 inches in length and supports a full tang blade. Detailed file work along spine with a thumb assist stud. The blade measures 3.5 inches long and made of 440c stainless steel. 440c is high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance , high toughness and known for its sharp edge retention. 440c requires little to no care. This stainless steel has a Rockwell hardness of 57-60 HRC.\nFree shipping to lower 48 states .CEK pays for USPS Priority First Class\nInternational sales must be approved via email and/or telephone. Buyer pays all shipping and custom fees.\nPlease feel free to contact us for more photos of knives to choose from.\nemail : email@example.com", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.benyasolar.com/news/405.html", "date": "2019-07-23T20:08:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195529664.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20190723193455-20190723215455-00022.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9005225300788879, "token_count": 611, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-30__0__1467008", "lang": "en", "text": "Analysis of the Development Status of SiC Power Electronic Devices\nSilicon carbide power electronic devices will play an increasingly important role in improving energy efficiency and realizing miniaturization of power electronic devices. Silicon carbide power electronic devices can improve the efficiency of power utilization and reduce power loss, because compared with silicon devices, silicon carbide devices have advantages in reducing on-resistance and switching loss. For example, in the inverters consisting of diodes and switching tubes, only silicon is replaced by silicon carbide, the power loss of the inverters can be reduced by 15-30%. If the switching tube material is replaced by SiC, the power loss can be reduced by more than half. The power electronic devices made of silicon carbide on a single chip have three characteristics that make the power converter miniaturized: higher switching speed, lower loss and higher operating temperature. Silicon carbide devices can switch at several times the speed of silicon devices. The higher the switching frequency, the easier the energy storage and filter components such as inductance and capacitance are to achieve miniaturization; the lower the power loss, the less the calorific value will be, so the miniaturization of power converter can be realized; and in junction temperature, the silicon device reaches the limit at 200 C, while the silicon carbide device can achieve higher junction temperature and ambient temperature. In this case, the cooling mechanism of the power converter can be reduced or omitted.\nWith the development of silicon carbide power electronic devices, single-chip silicon carbide devices have not only great advantages in performance, but also advantages in system cost. According to Cree's assessment, using the company's second generation SiC MOSFET and SiC diodes can reduce the total cost of boost converters compared with using silicon IGBT and silicon diodes. Specifically, by increasing the switching frequency to reduce the cost of inductors, the total cost can be reduced to a lower level than when using Si power elements. Taking a 10 kW step-up converter as an example, according to Cree's estimate, the cost of switching on and off at 20 kHz with Si power components is $181.4, while driving at 60 kHz and 100 kHz with SiC power components, the cost will be reduced to $170 and $163 respectively. The use of SiC power components is expected to reduce the total cost of power converters.\nIn many applications of power electronic devices, such as transmission system, distribution system, electric locomotive, hybrid electric vehicle, various industrial motors, photovoltaic inverters, wind power Grid-connected inverters, air conditioners and other white household appliances, servers and personal computers, silicon carbide devices will gradually show their performance and reduce the system composition. Advantages in this respect. As the main direction of next generation power electronic devices, silicon carbide power electronic devices will bring important technological innovation to power electronics, and promote the development of power electronics in the next two or three decades.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://diamondwoodchina.com/", "date": "2018-08-15T22:43:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210362.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20180815220136-20180816000136-00325.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9229183793067932, "token_count": 3663, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__59893912", "lang": "en", "text": "Accoya, the synonym for\nSustainable High-Performance Wood\nIdeal for decking, cladding, windows & doors, structures, outdoor furniture and more applications\nAccoya® wood is one thoroughly modified wood with high-performance. Created from sustainably-sourced natural wood, Accoya® undergoes a proprietary, non-toxic acetylation process that permanently modifies the wood to the core.\nThus an environmentally friendly solid wood is available with durability, dimensional stability and beauty that matches or exceeds even the best tropical hardwood.\nAccoya® wood is sourced from sustainable sources, with FSC® certification and other class leading environmental credentials such as Cradle to Cradle™ Gold certification by the highly prestigious McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC) organization.\nDiamond Wood China Limited, a licensed distributor of Accoya® wood, is authorized to distribute Accoya ® wood in China and all countries and areas in south east Asia. To meet the growing market demand for Accoya ® wood, Diamond Wood China Limited, is licensed by Accsys (the trading name of Titan Wood Limited), the owner of the Accoya® brand and associated intellectual property, to construct an Accoya® factory in China.\nFeatures & Benefits\nHigher reliability, is always shown as the final result of the extensive laboratory and field testing on acetylated wood by leading institutes around the world (including in New Zealand, USA, UK, Sweden, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Netherlands and Japan). Accoya® wood has been thoroughly tested for dimensional stability, durability, paint retention and in-ground conditions to ensure optimal performance. Indeed, it is so reliable that for many years it has been – and continues to be – used by scientists as the benchmark against which other treatments and modifications are measured.\n- Swelling and shrinkage reduced by 75% or more\n- Doors and windows open effortlessly year round\n- Reduced maintenance costs\n- Lasting 50 years above ground, 25 years in ground/freshwater\n- Class 1 durability, surpassing even teak\n- Virtually rot proof\n- 70 years minimum service life stated by TRADA\nPerfect for Coating\n- Improved stability means coatings last up to two times longer\n- Easier to coat, less preparation and sanding required\nFeatures & Benefits\n- Improved insulation compared to commonly used hardwood and softwood species\n- Ideal for energy-conservation applications\n- Easy to machine and process\n- No requirement to special tools\n- Indigestible to a wide range of insects, including termites\n- Greatly reduced vulnerability\nConsistent Quality Throughout\n- Consistent, measurable & cross-section modification quality from surface to core\n- No need to apply chemical preservatives when cut or planed\nNaturally Beautiful Wood\n- Process does not compromise the wood’s natural beauty\nFrom sustainable sources\n- From FSC, PEFC and other regionally certified woods\n- Naturally renewable\nRetained Strength & Hardness\n- The process does not compromise the wood’s strength\n- Increased hardness\n- High strength to weight ratio makes it suitable for challenging applications\nNon-toxic & Recyclable\n- Protects the environment from the harmful effects of common treatments\n- Able to be safely reused, recycled and incinerated\n- Ideal for all decking situations in extreme temperatures\n- Low thermal gain\n- Much less splinters than other wood species when used for decking\nAccoya is already inspiring architects, designersand individuals around the world with its outstanding qualities and the possibilities it offers for using wood in exterior applications.\nClass 1 Durability\nCellulose is a major structural ingredient of wood, but it is also a major food source for several different insects and decay fungi and makes a great shelter for others, too. Rot causes wood to degrade – particularly when it is used outdoors and exposed to moisture – limiting its service life.\nThanks to the acetylation technology pioneered by Accsys Technologies, Accoya wood offers you an environmentally compatible, durable wood that can be utilized with confidence in outdoor applications and will last for many years.\nSimply the Best\n‘Class 1’ is simply the top leading level of durability possible in wood. Though there are some naturally durable wood species, it is known that their natural durability is variable with inconsistency.\nOn the other hand, Accoya wood’s durability is consistent. The properties test of every batch via standard scientific measurements after modification, enable its durability to at least match and even exceed the performance of nature’s most durable species, including teak.\nAdditionally, Accoya is made using fast growing, sustainably forested radiata pine, while other durable woods tend to be slower growing species. So old growth forests are not threatened or depleted to create Accoya.\nAccoya wood’s durability makes it very long lasting, at least:\n- 50 years above ground\n- 25 years in-ground or freshwater contact\nThe indigestion to microorganisms and insects makes Accoya wood more durable to wood-destroying fungi and virtually rot-proof.\nWhere Durability Counts…\nHeavy Traffic Road Bridge: “Several independent European research institutes tested Accoya’s suitability for this project. After rigorous testing, we found that its dimensional stability and incredible durability put it head and shoulders above other species and showed that it is suitable for laminating in large sections measuring 1080 x 1400 mm. Accoya is non-toxic and made from sustainably grown timber and these things were also considerations,” Sieds Hoitinga, Project Manager, Province of Friesland, the Netherlands.\nCanal Lining: Certain environments are particularly punishing and few are harsher than canal banks where wood is used to hold back the earth, exposing it to water, microbe-rich soil and – most obviously at the waterline – air. Accoya offers unparalleled performance in this application, exceeding tropical hardwood.\nDecking: Applications like decking, where the wood is frequently wet and close to or in contact with the ground, demand a durable wood that is an effective barrier to mould and insect. Acetylation has significantly improved wood performance against brown rot, white rot and soft rot. Accoya wood has also proven to be an effective barrier to wood destroying insect damage in multiple field tests and laboratory trails undertaken in many locations all over the world. This includes tests with multiple species of termites.\n#2 DIMENSIONAL STABILITY\nHere we’d like to share with you more about Accoya® wood’s outstanding dimensional stability and why this is an important factor when using wood in external applications.\nTemperature and humidity are critical factors for many materials in outdoor applications.\nGenerally wood swells in damp or wet conditions and shrinks in dry, hot conditions, with the unwelcomed results: structures may become unstable; windows and doors may jam or let in drafts; wood may warp or split, leading to insect degradation and more frequent maintenance cycles.\nAccoya wood’s superior dimensional stability (resistance to swelling and shrinkage) matches or exceeds all the top leading species in the world, including Teak, Sapele, Iroko and Western Red Cedar.\nOutstanding Dimensional Stability\nWith minimal swell and shrinkage, Accoya wood offers outstanding dimensional stability in both radial and tangential directions (thickness and width) and may be confidently utilized in applications where it will encounter varying moisture conditions – even in freshwater immersion.\nTests have shown the reduction in swelling caused by moisture is improved by 75% or more. From oven dry to water saturated conditions, the swelling and shrinkage of acetylated wood is only minimal and, in fact, better than tropical hardwoods.\nAdvantages of Dimensional Stability\n- Better fitting windows and doors in all weathers\n- Less frequent coatings maintenance\n- Decreased maintenance cycles\n- Reduced swelling and risk of jamming in humid conditions\n- Cladding that does not cup\n- Floors and decks that stay level\nAccoya wood has been tested over prolonged periods in different types of weathering conditions – above ground, below ground and in freshwater – and has been proven to withstand even the toughest and most challenging of environments. Even after a prolonged period of immersion, Accoya window frames keep operating smoothly, without jamming.\nAccoya® wood truly is a leading edge material that treads softly on the earth.\nIf you need use wood in outdoor applications and are considering more sustainability, lower carbon footprint and more energy efficiency, Accoya wood may well be the answer you’ve been looking for.\nHigher LEED and BREEAM Scores with Accoya\nLEED and BREEAM are clearly the most rigorous and internationally recognized certification systems in the green building industry. Both are based on various building related environmental indicators including sustainable energy, -water and -material utilization.\nBetter BREEAM Scores\nBREEAM is the most important sustainable building system in North-western Europe. Because of the low environmental impact based on Life-cycle assessment (LCA), the low maintenance, the innovative character and the sustainable sourcing (always FSC or PEFC), support the application of Accoya to yield a higher BREEAM International score (MAN 5, MAT 1, MAT 3, Inn 1).\nMore Credits for Accoya in Latest LEED Version\nEven if Accoya was already rewarded in the previous (v2009) LEED BD+C system through the sustainable wood sourcing (credit MR 7), in the latest version v4, because of the transparent environmental reporting (LCA, EPD, carbon footprint), the benign environmental profile including C2C Gold certification, and even the light colour (heat island reduction), application of Accoya contributes to even more credits.\nSustainable Accoya® Home Receives Platinum LEED Certification\nOne of the USA’s most sustainable family homes, constructed with the extensive use of Accoya wood, has been awarded platinum level LEED certification – the highest recognition available from the US Green Building Council.\n#4 COATING PERFORMANCE\nIf the frequently maintain coatings on wood is bothering you, not just in terms of time and cost but also in terms of the associated environmental impact, then you will love the coatings performance advantages associated with Accoya® wood.\nSuperior Coating Performance\nAccoya® wood’s outstanding dimensional stability primarily contributes to its superior coatings performance. Thus any major coating systems can be applied on Accoya® with significantly improved performance.\nDimensional Stability & Coatings\nLess swelling and shrinkage (by 70%-80%) of Accoya wood, better coating adherence to its more stable surface. Dimensionally stable wood improves coatings life as paints and other film-forming coatings are not subjected to severe stretch and shrink cycles. The final result is decreased maintenance frequency, causing to:\n- Less time to maintain the wood\n- Less money spent on coatings\n- Less coating used during the overall service life of the wood\n- Less impact on the environment\nAccoya works well with all known coatings systems. Extensive testing with positive results has been performed with opaque hybrid, opaque acrylic and transparent alkyd emulsions coating systems.\n#5 QUALITY & EASE OF USE\nWhy Accoya® wood is such an exciting and groundbreaking product – one that will enable you to apply wood with absolute confidence, even in external applications.\nConsistent Quality & Ease of Use\nAs a natural material, each piece of wood is unique with frustration and uncertainty when looking for guaranteed performance quality. However, Accoya wood offer you the guaranteed features, such as consistent quality, durability and dimensional stability.\nWood acetylation is a process that has been studied by scientists around the world for more than eighty years. The Accoya wood manufacturing process combines this work with years of proprietary research and investment to deliver consistent results on a commercial scale. Especially, the effectiveness assessment of the acetylation process is measured after Accoya wood has been produced, with an array of sophisticated and proven analytical techniques.\nEach batch is analyzed and Accoya wood always meets the requirements of Durability Class 1 for Use Classes 1-4 in accordance with EN 350-1 & EN 335-1.\nConsistent Quality Throughout\nAs Accoya wood is modified all the way through, rather than just at the surface, when it is cut, planed or jointed there are no exposed unprotected surfaces in any dimension. This completely removes the need to apply additional chemical preservatives to the unmodified or envelope treated woods.\nExcellent Machinability & Ease of Fixing\nEasy to machine and process manually, Accoya wood is creating almost challenges for product manufacturers and end users. Accoya wood can be fixed in the same way as other commonly used softwood species. As with one of the most durable woods, Accoya contains a small amount of acid. It is therefore strongly recommended that corrosion resistant fixings, such as high quality stainless steel, are used.\nRetained Strength & Hardness\nThe manufacturing process does not compromise the wood’s strength. In fact, the hardness of the wood is increased and because Accoya wood has a high strength to weight ratio, it is suitable for challenging applications – even heavy traffic road bridges.\nNaturally Beautiful Wood\nLast but not least, Accoya wood is naturally beautiful. It is comparable in colour to the original source species, so that you can achieve a natural look in your projects if you wish or it may be easily coated in a wide range of colour finishes. It’s up to you!.\nAccoya has been applied to create a unique “floating” bridge in the Dutch city of Bergen op Zoom.\nRo Koster and Ad Kil, of Bergen op Zoom-based RO&AD Architects, who also mastered the famous and award winning Moses Bridge in Halsteren, designed the 80m floating pedestrian bridge to realize the access to the 18th century fort’s entrance. Its snake-like path mimics the journey and motion of the boats which originally travelled there.\nWindows & Doors\nThe improved thermal insulation compared to commonly used wood species and more durability and dimensional stability than the best tropical hardwoods, enable Accoya wood as one brilliant material for windows and doors. Based on the third party testing of Accoya, its expected service life is now independently reported as extending to 70 years when used for window joinery in the UK and Europe as well as being Carbon Negative over its life cycle. Coatings last longer and it is perfect for transparent, translucent or opaque coatings… whatever captures your imagination.\nAny cladding, siding and façades with the consideration on aesthetics, stability, durability and less frequent maintenance, Accoya wood will jump to mind. Here it is used to clad a contemporary extension using an inclined open boarding system, finished with an environmentally friendly dark or light stain.\nThe beauty, strength and all-weather performance are crucial for decking, jetties and pontoons. A dimensionally stable material that will stay flat and has very minimal bow, cup, warp and split and will not be affected by fungi or rot is ideal. It is also important that the wood is non-toxic and therefore safe for people and animals. Accoya wood meets these requirements.\nIn the Shade\nAccoya wood is an excellent choice for shutters, louvres and solar shading.\nIt is the acetylated wood technology, that creates Accoya wood Over 80 years ago, the scientists around the world has studied the process.\nThe proven superior performance, delivered by the wood improvement method, has long been used as the “gold standard” against which other methods are measured.\nThe chemical structure of any material will determine its physical properties. There is an abundance of chemical groups called “free hydroxyls” in wood, which absorb and release water according to changes in the climatic conditions to which the wood is exposed. This is the key reason why wood swells and shrinks.\nIt is also believed that enzymes’ digestion of wood initiates at the free hydroxyl sites – which is one of the principal reasons why wood is prone to decay.\nAcetylation effectively transfers free hydroxyls within the wood into acetyl groups. This is done by reacting the wood with acetic anhydride, which comes from acetic acid (vinegar when in dilute form).\nThe transformation from the free hydroxyl group to an acetyl group, greatly reduces the water absorption ability of the wood, and render the wood more dimensionally stable and extremely durable.\nAcetyl groups naturally exist in all wood species. This means that the acetylation process adds nothing into the wood, but alter the wood’s chemical structure to create an end product that is dramatically superior to its source species.\nAccoya® wood, the end product, has no toxins in itself, moreover it releases none toxins to the environment.\nFrom the ordinary to the extraordinary, Accoya® wood is suitable for a wide variety of applications.\nPlease browse below some of the many projects with Accoya® acetylated wood applied.\nFeel free to browse the documents relating to Accoya® wood here.\nDiamond Wood China Ltd.\nRoom 540, 5F, The Hub Tower 3, No.888 Shen Chang Road, Shanghai, PRC. 201100\n+86 21 2351 6220\nSales Manager in South East Asia\nMr. Olivier Roy\nTel: + 84 908 02 43 20\nSales Manager in China\nMr. Stephen Jie\nTel: +86 138 1003 0460\nSales Manager in Thailand\nMr. Sakda Kunaphan\nTel: +66 929 263 526", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://wildlabsky.com/blog/weathering-the-elements-how-steel-hangars-protect-aircraft/", "date": "2023-12-04T15:43:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100531.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204151108-20231204181108-00317.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9182963371276855, "token_count": 803, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__310172781", "lang": "en", "text": "Steel aircraft hangars stand as stalwart guardians against the forces of nature. These meticulously designed and constructed structures serve as the primary shelter for aircraft of all shapes and sizes. This article discusses thesteadfast protection that steel provides to an airplane hangar against various environmental elements, ensuring the safety and longevity of aircraft assets.\nResilience to Harsh Weather Conditions\nSteel hangars exhibit an unparalleled ability to withstand a wide spectrum of weather conditions. Whether facing the scorching sun of summer, the bone-chilling cold of winter, or the relentless battering of wind and rain, steel remains steadfast. The inherent strength of steel provides a robust defense against rust, corrosion, and degradation, ensuring the aircraft within remains unharmed.\nThe Shield Against UV Radiation\nUltraviolet (UV) radiation, emitted by the sun, poses a significant threat to aircraft exposed to the elements. Prolonged UV exposure can cause paint deterioration, leading to aesthetic and functional issues. Steel hangars, with their protective coatings and design, act as a formidable shield against harmful UV rays, preserving the appearance and integrity of the aircraft’s surface.\nProtection from Extreme Temperatures\nSteel hangars create a climate-controlled environment that shields aircraft from extreme temperature fluctuations. Whether in the sweltering heat of summer or the biting cold of winter, these structures maintain a stable internal temperature. This temperature regulation prevents damage to sensitive electronic systems, engines, and materials, enhancing the operational reliability of aircraft.\nDefense Against Wind and Storms\nStrong winds and storms cause significant damage to aircraft that are left exposed. Steel hangars are engineered to withstand even the most ferocious gusts and turbulent weather conditions. Their sturdy construction, anchored firmly to the ground, ensures that aircraft remain sheltered from wind-related damages such as tipping, wing deformation, or structural compromise.\nResistance to Corrosion\nCorrosion, a pervasive threat to aircraft, can compromise their structural integrity over time. Steel hangars incorporate anti-corrosion measures, such as galvanization and protective coatings, which create an impenetrable barrier against moisture and chemical agents. This proactive approach significantly extends the lifespan of both the hangar and the aircraft it houses.\nProtection from Natural Disasters\nSteel hangars offer a reliable refuge for aircraft in regions susceptible to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, or wildfires. Their robust framework and engineered design provide a heightened level of safety during such catastrophic events, reducing the risk of aircraft damage and loss.\nMinimized Bird and Pest Intrusions\nBirds and pests can pose a significant threat to aircraft parked in the open. Steel hangars, with their enclosed design, minimize the chances of bird strikes and pest infestations. This added protection not only ensures the safety of the aircraft but also reduces maintenance costs associated with cleaning and repairs.\nAdvantages of Customization\nSteel hangars offer an array of practical advantages, beginning with their adaptability. These configurations can be tailored to suit precise needs, whether it’s for a solitary private aircraft or a complete lineup of commercial jets. The flexibility in size, layout, and additional features, such as offices, workshops, and storage spaces, ensures that each hangar is tailored to serve its purpose efficiently, optimizing both space and functionality.\nBeyond their versatility, steel hangars also excel in long-term cost-effectiveness. While the initial investment in constructing a steel hangar may appear higher than alternative options, their unmatched durability and minimal maintenance requirements translate into substantial savings over the years. These hangars offer long-lasting durability spanning decades, minimizing the necessity for frequent maintenance and replacements.\nIn the unforgiving realm of aviation, where aircraft are subjected to the whims of Mother Nature, an airplane hangar made from steel is completely safe from the external elements. Their resilience to harsh weather conditions, protection against UV radiation, regulation of temperature extremes, and resistance to corrosion all contribute to the safeguarding of valuable aircraft assets.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.woolworths.co.za/prod/Men/Clothing/New-In/Jackets-Coats/Trenery-Technical-Harrington/_/A-505380048", "date": "2021-06-16T17:36:18Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487625967.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616155529-20210616185529-00049.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9110267162322998, "token_count": 221, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-25", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__26557179", "lang": "en", "text": "A do-it-all jacket that won't weigh you down. We took our Modern Harrington and updated it in a light but sturdy technical fabric crafted in a blend of recycled nylon. Featuring a zip closure and stand collar with throat tab to keep out the elements, plus external and internal pockets for the essentials. Wear with denim or chinos for an eased, cool aesthetic.\n- Water-resistant shell\n- Breathable cotton poplin lining\n- Stand collar with throat tab\n- External welt pockets at chest and sides\n- Internal pocket\n- Action back for ease of movement\n- One-way zip closure\n- Snap-button closures on collar, cuffs, hem tabs and external pockets\n- Our model is 190cm and wears a 34/M\nOur recycled nylon yarn is made from the waste generated and collected during the production of raw nylon. It has the same quality and performance benefits as virgin nylon - produced with a lower environmental impact.\n- Cold hand wash\n- Composition: 51% Recycled Nylon, 49% Nylon\n- Product code:", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://chenresearchlab.umbc.edu/", "date": "2021-11-30T09:05:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358966.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130080511-20211130110511-00500.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9270111918449402, "token_count": 164, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__15417884", "lang": "en", "text": "Our lab does highly interdisciplinary research. One focus is to create biomimetic microfluidic devices using various engineering techniques such as 3D-printing, mold casting, soft lithography, and laser-cutting. Electrospinning and hydrogels are commonly used to create 3D extracellular matrix on microfluidic devices for cell and tissue culture. We are also a group of analytical chemists. We develop new methodologies using spectroscopy, electrochemistry, separation, and mass spectrometry to quantitate molecules we are interested in. Currently, we are using these tools to study blood vessels, the liver, and infections.\nRecently, we also started a new project to create wearable sensors to monitor health. Various new technologies and protocols have been developed and tested for these applications.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.mistersize.ie/about-us/condom-quality", "date": "2024-04-22T01:52:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818067.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421225303-20240422015303-00360.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9308801293373108, "token_count": 342, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__1886043", "lang": "en", "text": "To be able to guarantee our customers maximum safety, first-class materials and strict controls are part of our standard program. Millions of condom users worldwide therefore enjoy the high quality of Mister Size, which is the result of over 20 years of industry expertise.\nMister Size condoms are made from a unique natural rubber latex blend that gives the product extra soft, tear-resistant and low-odor properties. As a result, Mister Size condoms enable intense sensation experiences and yet reliable protection. For optimal compatibility, the lubricating gel coating is made of pure silicone oil, which is also known as dimethicone.\nMister Size is a certified medical product according to the EU Directive 93/42 EEC. In addition to internal quality controls, our production and management systems are regularly & officially audited according to ISO 9001 and ISO 13485.\nFor production we rely on our long-term partner Karex, the largest condom manufacturer in the world. Mister Size condoms are developed and produced in Malaysia on state-of-the-art equipment under the supervision of experienced professionals. So we have our condoms produced close to the raw material extraction to ensure the best possible quality. Each Mister Size condom is electronically tested for holes. The natural rubber mixture and the pure silicone oil guarantee the best skin compatibility and safety.\nKarex guarantees fair payment of production staff and no child labor in the production of Mister Size.\nThe condom outer packaging consists of carefully printed cardboard. We do not use unnecessary plastic bags or superfluous packaging space - the motto is: as much as necessary, as little as possible.\nMister Size condoms are also vegan.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://modemischiefstudios.com/en-us/pages/bamboo-the-benefits-for-you-and-earth", "date": "2024-02-28T02:32:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474690.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228012542-20240228042542-00314.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8899772763252258, "token_count": 360, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__161759928", "lang": "en", "text": "BAMBOO: THE BENEFITS FOR YOU AND EARTH.\nThere are numerous advantages of bamboo textiles, for you and Earth.\n1. Sustainable: Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing plants worldwide, capable of replenishing itself within a year after harvest. This resilient plant requires no fertilizers or pesticides, making it an outstanding sustainable choice compared to other textiles like cotton.\n2. Eco-friendly: Bamboo requires very little water and no chemicals to grow, making it an environmental superstar. It also absorbs more carbon dioxide and releases more oxygen into the environment than cotton, significantly improving air quality.\n3. Biodegradable: Bamboo is 100% natural and biodegradable, which leaves minimal environmental impact.\n4. Durable and Resilient: Bamboo is extremely resilient and durable. Despite this strength, it feels soft, silky and luxurious to the touch, providing unparalleled comfort. It also tends to last longer in your wardrobe over other textiles like cotton.\n5. Hypoallergenic: The eco-friendly bamboo fibres are gentle on the skin, making them an excellent choice for individuals with sensitive skin.\n6. Breathable and Thermo-regulating: Bamboo fabric keeps you comfortable in all temperatures, cool in summer and warm in winter, due to its excellent moisture-wicking properties.\n7. UV Protective: Bamboo fabric can protect you and your loved ones from harmful UV rays.\n8. Odor Resistant: Bamboo fabric is generally more odour resistant than synthetic materials, reducing the need for frequent washing and enhancing its eco-friendly benefits.\nBy choosing bamboo, you're not just opting for a superior product, but also contributing positively towards environmental sustainability.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.idvorak.info/2023/08/24/manufacturing-story/", "date": "2024-02-23T06:35:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474361.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223053503-20240223083503-00239.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.6972081661224365, "token_count": 869, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__166915263", "lang": "en", "text": "🚁🚁🚁 𝐓𝐨𝐲 𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲\nHere’s a brief breakdown of the steps I follow to transform a bare board into a fully assembled PCB:\n1️⃣ 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (Top Layer): A precise manual (stencil) solder paste application on designated pads.\n2️⃣ 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: With the help of a pair of tweezers, components are meticulously placed on their respective solder paste beds.\n3️⃣ 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: The board is put into a reliable reflow oven, where the solder paste melts, forming secure connections.\n4️⃣ 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (Bottom Layer): A similar solder paste deposition process for the underside of the board.\n5️⃣ 𝗕𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁: Just like the top layer, components are positioned on the solder paste beds of the bottom layer.\n6️⃣ 𝗕𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗥𝗲𝗳𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴: Another pass through the reflow oven ensures components on the bottom layer are firmly soldered in place.\n🎉 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗖𝗕 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗹𝘆! The final product: a fully assembled PCB, ready for testing and eventual integration.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://proridesgarageinc.com/products/john-doe-fresh-xtm-gloves-black", "date": "2022-05-21T00:33:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662534693.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220520223029-20220521013029-00468.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8682544231414795, "token_count": 264, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__77619923", "lang": "en", "text": "“Fresh” Gloves with XTM-Fiber®\nA glove in an elegant, classic design combined with cutting-edge technology. The “Fresh” model specifically provides bikers with optimal comfort and protection on the bike on warm, pleasant spring and summer days, with its soft cowhide, ergonomic shape, stretch panels and adjustable cuff. The patina of this vintage leather intensifies over time from wear, and after only a short time it becomes the rider’s personal testament to his rides.\nThe unique high-performance protective properties of the “Fresh” glove come from combining 1-1.1 mm abrasion-proof cowhide with an XTM-Fiber® membrane (fiber technology made from DuPont™ Kevlar® / Coolmax® and Lycra®) on the palms.\nMaterial & Details:\n• XTM protective fiber: Crash side made from 100% DuPont™ Kevlar® aramid fiber / skin side made from 100% Coolmax®\n• Outer: 1-1.1 mm 100% soft cowhide\n• Moulded ergonomic shape\n• Vintage leather\n• Double-stitched seams\n• Adjustable cuffs\n• CE approved by TÜV Rheinland", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.glazinginnovations.com/walk-on-glass-floors-roofs", "date": "2015-04-25T21:43:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246651727.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045731-00216-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9296188950538635, "token_count": 253, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__128478015", "lang": "en", "text": "Walk on glass is an excellent method of introducing natural light to dark areas or subterranean rooms within your property whilst maintaining the usable and costly floor space you currently have or are planning on building.\nWith external walk on glass we are able to supply a number of different finishes to prevent slipping due to water build up on the surface. This ranges from sandblasting of the glass through to a ceramic anti slip frit enamel, painted and baked into the top surface of the glass.\nAll glass floors are designed to be subjected to a specific uniformly distributed load and concentrated point load as specified for the use of the building they are being fitted within. As such the glass specification can change greatly but, as a minimum, all walk on glass is supplied in a toughened/laminated glass make up consisting of three layers of 10mm clear toughened safety glass and two intermediate 1.5mm PVB interlayers.\nMost walk on glass elements are designed to fit flush with the surrounding floor finishes thus providing a seamless transition from one finish to the other, the Glazing Innovations team can work with your construction team to create the required upstand and aperture detail to produce both a guaranteed water proof rooflight installation and the required flush perimeter finish.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://laserage.eu/laser-services/laser-cleaning/applications/mould-cleaning/cleaning-composite-moulds/", "date": "2019-04-19T06:55:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578527148.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419061412-20190419083412-00128.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9125872254371643, "token_count": 329, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__133718731", "lang": "en", "text": "Laser Cleaning of Composite Moulds\nLaser cleaning technology is particularly effective for cleaning large-area moulds/tools used to manufacture composite carbon fiber/glass reinforced plastic CFRP/GRP. In co-operation with renowned European aerospace industries, our process has proven that moulds of nickel, steel, aluminum and high strength steel can be laser cleaned efficiently and without damage to the base material.\nToday, laser cleaning method has been established as the most cost-effective option for aerospace mould cleaning. Compared to ice pellet blasting for instance, laser cleaning is considerably easier to automate, very quiet and up to 15 times faster. Moreover, the laser method does this without the need to clean-up process and abrasive residues.\nThe bottom line: laser cleaning technology significantly reduces the manufacturing production costs of CFRP / GRP components.\n- Cleaning rates above 20 m²/h in automated operation\n- No damage to sensitive tools\n- Residue-free cleaning\n- Green technology – no pollution\n- Operating costs under 30 Euro-Cent per m² (depending on application)\n- Versatile laser optics can be used for manual and/or automated cleaning\n- Proved successful and currently used in aerospace applications worldwide\nWhenever fiber reinforced composites are used, from wind power, automotive to aerospace industries – laser cleaning has the technology to offers a unique solution for mould cleaning as well as the pre-treatment of these advanced materials to optimize adhesive bonding!\nNeed more information?\nIf you would like some more information, please complete this short contact form and we will be in touch with you shortly.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://knoxvillecustomcabinets.com/counter-tops/", "date": "2023-11-29T15:58:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100112.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129141108-20231129171108-00322.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9199326038360596, "token_count": 691, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__195609254", "lang": "en", "text": "Knoxville Custom Cabinets will assist you in choosing the right surfaces for your project. Visit our gallery or showroom to see examples of some of the work we’ve done. We fabricate several types of countertop surfaces; Decorative Laminate, Acrylic Solid Surface, Wood Veneer, and Solid Wood (Butcher Block).\nBelow are some of the specifics of each product.\nAcrylic Solid Surface: Our most popular brands are Livingstone™, Samsung Staron™, Corian™, and LG Hi-Macs™.\n• Unlike granite, acrylic solid surface is a non-porous material, which means it doesn’t absorb bacteria and isn’t susceptible to mold or mildew. This also means there is no sealing or costly maintenance required.\n• Proper fabrication of solid surface countertops gives a seamless appearance, meaning that any seams will be inconspicuous. Specially formulated adhesives manufactured to match the color and pattern of your choosing are used to create the perfect look for your kitchen design.\n• Coordinating acrylic solid surface countertops with plumbing fixtures requires details of the sink, faucet, and other plumbing components like sprayers or integrated soap dispensers. We are happy to provide and install an undermount sink of your choice, which eliminates the problem of crumbs or other debris becoming stuck on the rim of a traditional drop-in sink. A drain board can also be carved into the countertop to allow water to drain directly into the sink. Traditional drop-in sinks can also be used if the customer so desires.\n• Cove backsplash – A cove backsplash is formed by using the solid surface countertop material and the above mentioned matching adhesive to create a curved, integrated backsplash, as opposed to a standard set-on 90 degree backsplash. Normal Backsplash heights are either 3 or 4 inches.\nSolid surface materials are susceptible to heat, scratching, and chipping. However; unlike laminate countertops, solid surfacing is repairable. Scratches can be sanded and buffed to give them a like new appearance. We provide matching trivets and cutting boards to ensure the longevity and functionality of your kitchen countertops.\nHigh Pressure Decorative Laminate (HPDL): Our most popular laminate brands are Formica™, Nevamar™, and WilsonArt™\n• Today’s laminates have come a long way from their humble beginnings. New patterns, colors, and textures have caused this material to far surpass its previously unremarkable reputation.\n• Laminate countertops are the most affordable countertop surfaces on the market today.\n• Custom built laminate countertop seams are not joined in corners with 45° cuts as seen in post-formed countertop installations. Joints, if required are placed in less conspicuous places depending on the configuration of the kitchen.\n• Custom built laminate countertops do not have rolled or waterfall edges nor coved backsplashes as you would find with post-formed countertops. Edges are squared but can be radiused in most cases to avoid sharp corners. Backsplashes are also squared and are sealed at the joint to the countertop using clear silicone\n• Wood edging can be added to custom built laminate countertops. There are a wide variety of edge profiles that can be used.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://karl-klier.de/en/produkte/", "date": "2023-06-09T15:13:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656737.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609132648-20230609162648-00723.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8799819946289062, "token_count": 356, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__184990518", "lang": "en", "text": "A tradition of quality\nWe make our components from extremely delicate wood such as ebony, rosewood or blackwood. Since most of these come from Africa and are extremely difficult to obtain, they must be selected and used with the utmost care. Karl Klier & Co. plays an active role in this process providing know how and helping local partners finance their technical equipment. We believe that personal contacts and diligence are still the best way to ensure the consistently high quality of the materials we use for our products.\nFor string instruments\nFinished ebony fingerboards for violin, viola, cello and bass in six different quality grades and size from 4/4 – 1/16.\nBlanks from our wood for fingerboards, pegs, tailpieces, endpins, chinrests, bow frogs, nuts and saddles in all requested sizes and different quality grades.\nFor woodwind instruments\nBlanks from our wood for clarinet, oboe, bassoon, flutes, piccolo, englisch horn, bagpipe, mouthpiece.\nFor guitars / pluged instruments\nBlanks from our wood for guitar fingerboards, tops, backs and sides, bridges, head plates, necks, bindings, lute.\nBlanks from our wood for key overlays, sharps for pianos and historical instruments.\nFor orchestral percussion\nBlanks from our wood for xylophone, marimba.\nBlanks from our wood for mouthpieces, pen blanks, billard cues.\n- Blackwood (Grenadilla) timber can be provided bored and turned\n- Kiln-dry service\n- Copy milling for bassoons", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://sandiegosailingtours.com/saving-the-planet-one-straw-at-a-time/", "date": "2020-07-04T21:30:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886706.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704201650-20200704231650-00041.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9421949982643127, "token_count": 406, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__90833225", "lang": "en", "text": "Here at San Diego sailing tours in partner with Seas Lyfe we take ocean conservation very seriously. With this in mind, the passing of Assembly Bill 1884 in California earlier this year was a big win for ocean conservation. Assembly 1884 being the groundbreaking bill that prohibits all full-service restaurants in California from the giving out of plastic straws unless they are requested by the guest. Since the implementation, there have mixed reactions from the public. To combat this we at San Diego Sailing Tours have compiled a list of plastic straw alternatives. From the classic stainless steel straw to silicone and glass straws.\nThe Silicone Straw\nWhen it comes to traditional plastic straw alternatives our first choice would have to be silicone straws. Many may be under the impression that Silicone and plastic straws are made of the same material. However silicone straws are made of silicon while plastic straws are made up of petroleum, food-grade silicone straws contain no plastic or petroleum. Safe to use and easy to clean silicone straws are a great plastic straw alternative for the whole family.\nThe Stainless Steel Straw\nAlong with silicone straws, stainless steel straws are a great alternative to traditional plastic. Stainless steel straws have gained popularity recently for their sleek design and durability. When it comes to cleaning many stainless steel straws come with a pipe cleaner for ease of use. Just make sure to do your research to ensure you purchase the best quality straws that are resistant to rusting and staining.\nThe Bamboo Straw\nIf you would like to go for a completely natural plastic staw alternative the bamboo straw is for you! Unlike other alternatives, bamboo straws are typically free of inks, dyes, and bleaches. By using these reusable, biodegradable, plant-based drinking straws you are helping to reduce your environmental footprint one uses at a time.\nWith so many straw alternatives in the market its easier than ever for everyone to stand up and make a change for a better tomorrow.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.lylejohnsonstudios.com/lost_wax_process.htm", "date": "2013-12-13T19:32:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164987957/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134947-00002-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9657274484634399, "token_count": 1234, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-48", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-48__0__166087357", "lang": "en", "text": "The Lost Wax casting process is an ancient practice that is still in widespread use today. The process varies from foundry to foundry, but the steps which are usually used in casting small bronze sculptures in a modern bronze foundry are as follows:\n- Sculpting. Master artist, Lyle Johnson creates an original artwork from clay. Oil-based clay is preferred because this material retains its softness.\n- Mouldmaking. A mould is made of the original sculpture. Most moulds are at least two pieces, and a shim with keys is placed between the two halves during construction so that the mould can be put back together accurately. To preserve the fine details on the original artwork's surface, there is an inner mould made of latex or silicon rubber, which is supported by the plaster part of the mould. Usually, the original artwork is destroyed during the making and initial deconstruction of the plaster mould. This is because the originals are solid, and do not easily bend as the plaster mould is removed. Often long, thin pieces are cut off of the original and moulded separately. Sometimes, especially in the case of large original (such as life-size) sculptures, many moulds are needed to recreate the original sculpture.\n- Wax. Once the plaster and latex mould is finished, molten wax is poured into it and swished around until an even coating, usually about 1/4 inches think, covers the entire inner surface of the mould. This may be done in several layers.\n- Removal of wax. This new, hollow wax copy of the original artwork is removed from the mould. The artist may reuse the mould to make more wax copies, but wear and tear on the mould limit their number. For small bronze artworks, a common number of copies today is around 25.\n- Chasing. Each hollow wax copy is then \"chased\": a heated metal tool is used to rub out all the marks which show the \"parting line\" or \"flashing\" where the pieces of the mould came together. Wax pieces that were moulded separately can be heated and attached; foundries often use \"registration marks\" to indicate exactly where they go.\n- Spruing. Once the wax copy looks just like the original artwork, it is \"sprued\" with a treelike structure of wax that will eventually provide paths for molten bronze to flow. The carefully-planned spruing usually begins at the top with a wax \"cup,\" which is attached by wax cylinders to various points on the wax copy.\n- Slurry. A \"sprued\" wax copy is dipped into a ceramic slurry, then into a mixture of powdered clay and sand. This is allowed to dry, and the process is repeated until a half-inch thick or thicker surface covers the entire piece. Only the inside of the cup is not coated, and the cup's flat top serves as the base upon which the piece stands during this process.\n- Burnout. The ceramic-coated piece is placed cup-down in a kiln, whose heat hardens the ceramic coatings into a shell, and the wax melts and runs out. The melted wax can recovered and reused, although often it is simply combusted by the burnout process. Now all that remains of the original artwork is the negative space, formerly occupied by the wax, inside the hardened ceramic shell. The feeder and vent tubes and cup are now hollow, also.\n- Testing. The ceramic shell is allowed to cool, then is tested to see if water will flow through the feeder and vent tubes as necessary. Cracks or leaks can be patched with thick ceramic paste. To test the thickness, holes can be drilled into the shell, then patched.\n- Pouring. The shell is reheated in the kiln to harden the patches, then placed cup-upwards into a tub filled with sand. Bronze is melted in a crucible in a furnace, then poured carefully into the shell. If the shell were not hot, the temperature difference would shatter it. The bronze-filled shells are allowed to cool.\n- Release. The shell is hammered or sand-blasted away, releasing the rough bronze. The spruing, which are also faithfully recreated in metal, are cut off, to be reused in another casting.\n- Metal-chasing. Just as the wax copies were \"chased,\" the bronze copies are worked until the telltale signs of casting are removed, and the sculptures again look like the original artwork. Pits left by air bubbles in the molten bronze are filled, and the stubs of spuring filed down and polished.\n- Patinating. The bronze is colored to the artist's preference, using chemicals applied to heated or cooled metal. This coloring is called patina, and is often green, black, white or brownish to simulate the surfaces of ancient bronze sculptures. (Ancient bronzes gained their patinas from oxidization and other effects of being on Earth for many years.) However, many artists prefer that their bronzes have brighter, paint-like colors. Patinas are generally less opaque than paint, which allows the lustre of the metal to show through. After the patina is applied, a coating of wax is usually applied to protect the surface. Some patinas change color over time because of oxidization, and the wax layer slows this down somewhat.\nThe lost-wax process can also be used with any material that can burn, melt, or evaporate to leave a mold cavity. Some automobile manufacturers use a lost-foam technique to make engine blocks. The model in this case is made of polystyrene foam, which is then placed into a casting flask, consisting of a cope and drag, which is then filled with casting sand. The foam supports the sand, allowing shapes to be made which would not be possible if the process had to rely on the sand alone to hold its shape. The metal is then poured in, and the heat of the metal vaporizes the foam as the metal enters the mold.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://infinitypoolcovers.com/105-2", "date": "2021-08-03T00:32:15Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154408.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802234539-20210803024539-00688.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9037546515464783, "token_count": 589, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__45630091", "lang": "en", "text": "Infinity Pool Covers can get you the correct Pool cover no matter what make or model or who installed your current cover & system!\nOur warranty is a 7 year replacement pool fabric warranty and surpasses almost every other manufacturer. Just tell us which manufacturer’s pool cover system you have (or describe it to us or send us a picture), and our staff will get you the right cover for your needs.\nOur Replacement Pool Covers will work on ANY of the following manufacturers automatic pool cover systems:\nPool Cover Specialists®,\nAutomatic Pool Covers Inc. (APC or APCI),\nOur Fabric is the strongest and most durable Pool Cover Fabric in the industry!\n- Our fabric warranty significantly exceeds that of any industry competitor.\n- Algae-free fabric means: a cover that cleans easily, and lasts longer.\n- Our vinyl is formulated for both chlorine and abrasion resistance.\n- Our vinyl is made with virgin PVC resin, BASF Palatinol N plasticizer, and contains no “fillers.” Other coated and laminated vinyl add chalks and other fillers to keep costs down. This is important because other manufacturers vinyl fabrics are subject to significant plasticizer migration, this means that when the plasticizers migrate out of the PVC, the vinyl becomes stiff and brittle. A Pool Cover Specialists® pool cover does not have this problem.\n- Our vinyl is “fade resistant” and maintains its luster throughout the life of the fabric.\n- The tensile strength is better than the average 18oz coated vinyl available and far superior to any laminated vinyl in the weight range.\n- The polyester base fabric is carefully controlled during weaving for straightness, so there is no curving or warping of the finished vinyl.\n- Low shrink, non-wicking fibers are used.\nDura Life Fabric is manufactured using a “molten” vinyl manufacturing process so the entire piece of fabric is all one piece and the nylon fibers are completely impregnated with vinyl…NOT separate layers glued (laminated) together like the fabric of other manufacturers. This molten impregnating process Dura Life uses permits the fabric to last longer and not flake apart (layers separate).\nCompare Dura Life Fabric to our competitors’ fabric…watch this Video and be AMAZED!\nIf your pool cover system is giving you problems or if you are Tired of Broken Ropes and Shear Pins: With 30 years experience as a manufacturer, we simply build a better pool cover system. If your system breaks a lot of ropes or “shear pins”, it’s time to convert to the INFINITY 4000™ and put your worries behind you.\nCall (435) 767-7222 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.org", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://munrotechnology.com/research.html", "date": "2021-09-27T21:43:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058552.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927211955-20210928001955-00113.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9211614727973938, "token_count": 738, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__89169771", "lang": "en", "text": "The manufacturing process for FibroTend is based on an electrospinning technique.In its simplest form a polymer solution is passed through a nozzle which is subjected to a high voltage field. A cone of polymer will form on the outlet of the nozzle referred to as a Taylor cone. A jet of fibre is ejected from the cone which will split into hundreds of fibres in the sub-micron scale. These fibres are then manipulated to form an array of parallel fibres while simultaneously being stretched.\nThe process is robust and can accommodate most thermoplastics. Produced at room temperature, FibroTend requires no further thermal input. The fibres are streched whilst still in a gel-like state and can be stretched up to 800%.\nThe fibres produced by an electrospinning process contain a large degree of molecular chain alignment initially due to so called confinement. The polymer chain is further aligned as the fibres progress through the MTL process to form FibroTend.\nThese fibres exhibit higher tensile modulus compared to non-aligned fibres and results show a two fold increase in value.\nFibroTend is produced in a range of fibre orientations from 0 to almost 90 degrees. A multi-layer laminate can be manufactured by overlaying fibres at designed orientations similar to an advanced fibre reinforced composite laminate.\nThe inherent properties of FibroTend, a highly aligned polymer chain with polarised atoms, exactly match the requirements for making piezoelectric film sensors. We have called this sensor TremoGen as it responds more efficiently to a bending force rather than a compressive force as is the case with ceramic based piezoelectric materials.\nThe most commonly used polymer for manufacturing piezoelectric film is Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF).\nThe main requirements for PVDF to gain piezoelectric properties are the polymer chain alignment and the polerisation of the atoms to transform the polymer chain from the α to β phase.\nFibroTend achieves these requirements as a matter of course and has enabled MTL to produce piezoelectric PVDF fibres. An array of FibroTend can form a sheet which is then sandwiched between suitable electrodes and over wrapped with a protective flexible and transparent laminate which also helps distribute the bending force uniformly over the entire sensor.\nTremoGen is a flexible sensor capable of producing sufficient voltage to be used in many applications such as wearable technology, personal health monitoring devices and as standalone actuators. A typical TremoGen sheet thickness is 200 – 500 nanometres making it ideal for incorporation into textiles or applications that require a high degree of flexibility.\nA biaxial FibroTend spun on a low gsm substrate can produce efficient filters. Unlike traditionally spun nanofibres that produce a mat of random fibres and relies on the build up of fibre layers to achieve high filtration efficiency, FibroTend can achieve the same performance through regular pore sizes akin to wire mesh.\nThe pore size can be regulated for a given particle size so that only one layer of biaxial FibroTend will be sufficient to achieve high filtration efficiency. This will enable thinner filters to be manufactured, minimising pressure drop as well as reducing material usage. These factors will contribute to a lower cost and higher efficiency filtration system.\nThe FibroTend can be functionalised to be an active filter and due to its inherently large surface area the active ingredients readily interact with contaminates.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.cowboysindians.com/2018/12/new-line-from-impact-gel/", "date": "2020-03-29T11:21:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370494331.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329105248-20200329135248-00498.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.90892493724823, "token_count": 303, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-16", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__98326559", "lang": "en", "text": "The Western equestrian gel product manufacturer debuts a new line with the same well-known quality.\nImpact Gel is the manufacturer of a premium line of Western equestrian gel products synonymous with superior quality and unparalleled protection. Our new Sterling Heller English line instills the same confidence and brand loyalty. We utilize the same Impact Gel technology that has delivered optimal performance in Western disciplines for nearly 20 years.\nImpact Gel is a patented material made of interconnected energy dissipating molecules. These structures, called cross-links, allow the gel molecules to move freely around one another while remaining linked. Impact Gel is an inert, non-toxic material made from soybeans and does not require high temperature or pressure during manufacturing.\nOur patented Impact Gel dissipates energy laterally through the gel and away from your horse's back. Similar to ripples on a pond, energy radiates outward, not downward, protecting your horse from weight, pressure and pinch points. Impact Gel is so innovative, it’s patented. It is shock-absorbing, temperature-resistant, antimicrobial, environmentally friendly. Sterling Heller uses Impact Gel technology providing critical protection through the movement of shock, weight, and heat laterally throughout the gel. Sterling Heller products are handcrafted in the U.S., durable with high-quality materials. The included Impact Gel technology comes in removable bladder inserts. Sterling Heller provides high performance protection and improves the well-being, comfort, and quality of life for both horse and rider.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.birkenstockusa.com/products/women/sandals/mayari/golden-brown-birko-flor/7104", "date": "2015-10-08T17:59:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737898933.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221818-00049-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8490495085716248, "token_count": 179, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-40__0__23688059", "lang": "en", "text": "This graceful cross strap sandal with toe loop is available in a variety of materials and colors. Fully adjustable strap for a secure fit.\nUpper material: Birko-Flor - a synthetic material made of acrylic and polyamide felt fibers that is comfortable and tear resistant. This material has a synthetic leather-like finish with felt lined backing. Wipes clean with mild soap and water.\nFootbed: The classic Birkenstock footbed - features pronounced arch support, a deep heel cup, and a roomy toe box. The footbed conforms to the shape of your foot.\nSole material: EVA - flexible, lightweight, durable and shock absorbing.\nGolden Brown Birko-Flor Mayari\nThe Golden Brown Birko-Flor Mayari is on backorder. Enter your email address below and we’ll contact you when it’s available.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.chevrolet.se/en/vehicle-recycling", "date": "2024-02-21T11:25:01Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473472.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221102433-20240221132433-00561.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9293274283409119, "token_count": 388, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__58027407", "lang": "en", "text": "Recycling oriented design\n\"Recycling-oriented design\" means designing products from the start to be recyclable, increasing the efficiency of the recycling process.\nChevrolet's recycling-oriented design strategy is an important element of our product responsibility. Our objective is to conserve precious material and energy resources by reducing waste:\n- during vehicle production\n- at the end of a vehicle’s life\nThis strategy rests on two principles:\n1. Recycling oriented design\nAll Chevrolet design teams are required to follow \"recyclability/recoverability\" guidelines during a vehicle's development phase. We aim to support both Chevrolet engineers and suppliers to:\n- develop vehicles and components which have recyclability built into them\n- analyse parts, components and vehicles in terms of their recyclability and recoverability (the ease with which parts can be recycled at the end of life)\nChevrolet uses recycled materials which are also known as \"recyclates\" wherever technically feasible and economically viable.\nOur recycling team takes every effort to maintain:\n- high quality look and feel\n- mechanical and thermal durability\n- performance standards\nQuality is never compromised – The comparable quality of recycled and new materials is so good that they are no longer being restricted to 'hidden parts'. They are used for many visible parts as well.\n2. Development and implementation of material \"cycles\" for vehicle production\nThe chart below shows how recycling oriented design fits into the overall cycle. Recycling-oriented design forms a key part of our overall integrated product responsibility.\nIntegrated product responsibility\n- Recycling oriented design\n- Life cycle assessments\n- Avoidance of critical materials\n- Use of recycled Materials (recyclates)\n- Dealership disposal (waste management)\n- Spare parts\n- Vehicle recovery\n- De-pollution and pre-treatment\n- EU directive", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://elliothtdlt.blog5.net/17632374/create-a-suitable-and-warm-environment-for-growth-with-greenhouse-plastic-california-greenhouse", "date": "2018-12-15T12:31:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376826856.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20181215105142-20181215131142-00132.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.931574821472168, "token_count": 720, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-51", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__258479040", "lang": "en", "text": "Greenhouse plastic is generally accountable for keeping a hothouse result within a greenhouse. Greenhouse plastic develops a suitable and warm growing environment that allows numerous kinds of plants to cultivate beautifully. It creates an enclosure that secures plants from the damaging ultraviolet rays of the sun while making the most of its natural heat and light. The filtered environment produced by greenhouse plastic makes it possible for garden enthusiasts to grow luscious plants like vegetables and flowers in the cold dead of winter season.\nGreenhouse plastic is explicitly created to withstand wear and tear unlike conventional building and construction plastic that can not filter ultraviolet rays from the sun. Greenhouse plastic is long lasting due to its knitted design that permits it to be cut and sized to satisfy the required length for a structure without tearing, ripping or tearing. The material can quickly be framed around any greenhouse opening like a vent, door or windows.\nGreenhouse plastic is the preferred covering of most garden lovers compared to other types of greenhouse covering. At the same time expenses are greatly lowered when greenhouse plastic is used given that it lightweight and does not need heavy-duty structural framing. The diffusion of light into a structure built of greenhouse plastic is as good as that of a glass greenhouse.\nTypes of Greenhouse Plastic\nGreenhouse plastic movies are typically made from 3 types of plastics namely, PVC or polyvinyl pe, polyethylene or chloride and copolymers. There are other types of plastic utilized these 3 are most widely used among all.\nPolyethylene greenhouse plastic is offered in 2 types, the energy grade and the commercial grade greenhouse plastic. Utility grade polyethylene greenhouse plastic is cost local hardware shops and generally remains in good condition for practically a year. Commercial grade polyethylene greenhouse plastic last longer that utility grade PE approximately eighteen months and is treated with ultraviolet inhibitors that filter out ultraviolet rays.\nInnovative additives presented into greenhouse plastic enable it to mimic the very same impacts of a glass greenhouse at significantly reduced expenses. Polyvinyl chloride is more costly compared to polyethylene nevertheless this type of greenhouse plastic can last up to five years.\nHow to Attach Greenhouse Plastic to Frame\nAs soon as the frame has been developed it is time to put on the greenhouse plastic movie to enclose the entire structure. Prior to laying the greenhouse plastic covering on the frame it is crucial to mask the joints of the frames with several rounds of tape or a rubber material to avoid it from piercing the covering.\nThe greenhouse plastic movie can be secured in place using a staple gun. A more rigid building using 1\" by 2\" wood strips and wood screws can also be utilized to protect the greenhouse plastic movie in location. The wood strips are connected to the frame so that the greenhouse plastic movie does not be available in direct contact with the frame.\nAir is introduced into the framed plastics that produce a dead air zone, which can efficiently insulate the whole greenhouse. Different tapes like poly patching tape and batten tape can be utilized to protect greenhouse plastic into location.\nPoly patching tape is built from UV safeguarded acrylic together with the adhesive to protect the greenhouse plastic from deteriorating on contact with it. This type of tape can be utilized to patch holes and rips that may take place to the plastic film. Its excellent holding strength and wide tape make an ideal for protecting the plastic movie to the frame of the greenhouse. On the other hand batten tape can be fastened the plastic movie utilizing staples or tacks to the greenhouse structure. It green greenhouse is likewise made of heavy gauge vinyl that is likewise UV secured.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://trademarks.justia.com/category/rubber-goods/", "date": "2015-05-27T23:45:11Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929176.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00019-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7835252285003662, "token_count": 789, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-22__0__161336797", "lang": "en", "text": "Rubber goods Trademarks by Filing Date\nLatest Rubber goods Trademarks\nAcoustical insulation barrier panels; Acoustical insulation for buildings; Acoustical panels for buildings; Acoustical tiles…\nOwned by: Mybecca, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86638338\nExtruded plastic in the form of bars, blocks, pellets, rods, sheets or tubes for use in various applications\nOwned by: Commonwealth Recycling Services, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86637578\nRubber bottle stoppers\nOwned by: Ellison, Matthew B.\nSerial Number: 86638396\nAdhesive bands other than for stationery and not for medical or household purposes; Insulating refractory materials; Laminated…\nOwned by: TRAINMARK LLC\nSerial Number: 86637119\nEbonite; Pipe gaskets; Plastic in bars, blocks, pellets, rods, sheets and tubes in further manufacture for general industrial…\nOwned by: Shenzhen JYC Technology Co., Ltd.\nSerial Number: 86637151\nHand tools, namely, shovels, rakes, bulb planters, cultivators, weeding forks, weed diggers, weed cutters, pruning shears…\nOwned by: ORGILL, INC.\nSerial Number: 86637671\ndecorative acoustical panels for buildings\nOwned by: Meyer Sound Laboratories, Incorporated\nSerial Number: 86638207\npolymer compositions used in the manufacture of commercial and industrial goods\nOwned by: DAK AMERICAS L.L.C.\nSerial Number: 86638218\ninsulated faucet cover\nOwned by: Prestige Ameritech, Ltd.\nSerial Number: 86638032\nWeatherstripping for use in automobiles, namely, weatherstripping, sealing plugs, mounting tape, adhesive sealant compound…\nOwned by: Steele Rubber Products, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86638321\nPVC air and water hose for use at extreme low temperatures\nOwned by: Kuriyama of America, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86636595\nPolymer laminates for use in the manufacture of goods for general industrial applications\nOwned by: Power & Composite Technologies, LLC\nSerial Number: 86636409\nPlastics in extruded form used in production\nOwned by: Air Duct Clean, LLC\nSerial Number: 86636754\nOwned by: Jo-Ann Stores, LLC\nSerial Number: 86634257\nWatertight rings for plumbing pipes; plastic plumbing hoses; plastic hoses for plumbing use; flexible plumbing pipes of…\nOwned by: Talent International Trading inc\nSerial Number: 86634420\nUnprocessed plastics, unprocessed polymers, additives, antistatic preparations other than for household purposes\nOwned by: IonPhasE Oy\nSerial Number: 86635221\nGasket material in sheets and cut gaskets for use in industrial applications; pipe gaskets, non-metal gaskets for sealing…\nOwned by: Gasket Resources Incorporated\nSerial Number: 86634477\nUnprocessed plastics, unprocessed polymers, additives, and antistatic preparations other than for household purposes\nOwned by: IonPhasE Oy\nSerial Number: 86635247\nBiodegradable plastic film for agricultural use\nOwned by: BiologiQ, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86633120\nLaminate film consisting primarily of polyester or polypropylene in sheet or roll form for application to a substrate for…\nOwned by: Innove Global Solutions, Inc.\nSerial Number: 86633451", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://en.gyjx.cn/intro/2672.html", "date": "2024-04-12T21:14:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816070.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412194614-20240412224614-00172.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9491468071937561, "token_count": 388, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__53492522", "lang": "en", "text": "Weifang Guanyu Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established in May 2004. It is a high-tech enterprise integrating scientific research and design, casting processing, production and sales, technical services, and import and export.\nThe company is located in Hanting Industrial Park, Weifang City, Shandong Province, with superior geographical location and convenient transportation. The company occupies an area of 20,000 square meters with a registered capital of 10.08 million. It has an experienced R&D team and dozens of scientific research and technical personnel. The company adheres to the business philosophy of \"survive on quality, based on honesty, excellence, and continuous improvement\". With professional talents and high-quality technology, the stainless steel valves produced are exported to Europe, America, South Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia and other regions. More than ten countries.\nThe company has the right to self-employed for inspection and import and export, and its products have passed ISO-9001 quality system certification, EU CE certification, and have two national patents. The company's products are mainly made of stainless steel. The products mainly include the following major series: pneumatic angle seat valves, knife gate valves, ball valves, solenoid valves, quick connectors, and can undertake various stainless steel precision casting businesses. The company’s products are checked at every level from production and casting to assembly and inspection, so that the quality of the products is fully guaranteed. The products are widely used in water supply and drainage, food, petroleum, chemical, electric power, medicine and other industries. The excellent quality has enabled the company's products to go to all parts of the world, and \"Guanyu Machinery, Going to the World\" has been fully affirmed. The company will continue to follow the principle of \"quality first, customer first\" to build its own brand and serve our customers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nixanmarmo.ca/?p=7149", "date": "2023-09-30T22:58:39Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510730.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930213821-20231001003821-00438.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9383681416511536, "token_count": 1109, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__327343881", "lang": "en", "text": "Use Natural Stone is a great online resource for learning everything natural stone. Here’s a great article we found on a Guide to Quartzites. It answers a lot of commonly asked questions about one of our favourite Brazilian stones.\nRead the full article, The Definitive Guide to Quartzites by Karin Kirk here.\nThe Definitive Guide to Quartzite\nQuartzite may be the most confusing natural stone out there. A quick internet search will reveal an unsettling disparity of information. Some people say it etches. Some say it doesn’t. Sometimes you hear it’s a hybrid between marble and granite. Yet, others report that it’s harder than granite. Which is it? Why are there such conflicting reports about quartzite?\nLet’s use my favourite tool – geology – to suss out the answer to this mystery.\nI’ll get right to the point: quartzite is commonly mislabeled. Some quartzite is the real deal, but sometimes marble or dolomitic marble are labelled as quartzite. Because each of these stones behaves differently, people might understandably conclude that quartzite is variable. But it isn’t; quartzite has very consistent properties. Unfortunately, it has variable labelling.\nEmerald Green Quartzite at VSG.\nWhat is quartzite?\nQuartzite is a metamorphic rock made almost entirely of the mineral quartz. Quartzite begins its geologic life as sand grains, perhaps on a beach, desert dune, or riverbed. Over time, the sand grains become compressed and stuck together to form sandstone. If the sandstone gets buried ever more deeply underneath layers of rocks, it gets hotter and more compressed. With enough heat and pressure, the sand grains lose their original shape and fuse to their neighbours, forming a dense, durable rock. The process is similar to individual snowflakes merging into solid, glacial ice.\nQuartzite is usually white or light-coloured because quartz sand is light coloured. Additional minerals carried by groundwater can impart hues of green, blue, or ion-red. Van Gogh and Azul Macaubas quartzites are examples of vivid colouring.\nRegardless of colour, quartzite is made of one thing: quartz. That’s helpful because quartz has distinct properties that make it easy to tell apart from other minerals. (Note I’m talking about the mineral quartz, not the composite countertop material that is also named quartz.)\nProperties of quartzite\nYou needn’t be a geologist to appreciate the hardness and durability of quartzite. Not only does this make for a tough stone, but it also makes it easy to tell quartzite from the imposters. Quartz is 7 on the Mohs hardness scale. That means it’s harder than glass and harder than a knife blade. These things are easy to test with a sample of stone.\nIf a rock that is labelled as quartzite is soft, then it was mislabeled. The unfortunate term “soft quartzite” has emerged to try to explain why a rock that is labelled quartzite is actually not hard and durable like real quartzite. There is no such thing as soft quartzite though. There is only one kind of quartzite and it’s hard. A rock labelled as soft quartzite is most likely marble.\nResistance to acids\nQuartzite will not etch from acids like lemon juice or vinegar. If a rock labelled as quartzite becomes etched from acid, then it’s been mislabeled. Marble and dolomitic marble, on the other hand, will etch from these acids. Dolomitic marble etches slightly more slowly than regular marble. But quartzite will not etch at all from normal kitchen acids. Not one little bit!\nQuartzite has a range of porosities. Some, like Taj Mahal or Sea Pearl, have been highly metamorphosed, and the minerals are bonded together tightly. White Macaubas and Calacatta Macaubas have been exposed to less intense pressure, so they are more porous and will benefit from sealing.\nThings that do not help distinguish quartzite from non-quartzite\nThe country of origin, price, or the name of a stone are not reliable indicators of what type of rock you’ve got. In many cases, it’s not even possible to tell marble and quartzite apart visually.\nWhat’s the difference between quartzite and granite?\nGranite is a whole separate category of rocks that form from liquid magma. Visually, granite has distinct flecks of darker colours in it, while quartzite has either no dark colours at all or has subtle, flowing areas of different colours.\nSometimes quartzite is mislabeled as granite, which is not the worst mistake because they have similar properties. Granite and quartzite are both harder than glass, and neither will be etched by acids. Geologically, they are different classes of rocks, but that is less important than how they will behave on a countertop or as floor tile.\n- 6 Reasons Brazilian Quartzites Rock!\n- Blue Quartzite Beauty – A Pool House\n- Curious Over A Quartzite Benchtop\n- How Hard is Natural Stone? An Infographic", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://americanrider.com/parts-products/partz-under-siege/2019/07/25", "date": "2024-03-01T15:31:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475311.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240301125520-20240301155520-00187.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.926532506942749, "token_count": 144, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__40136330", "lang": "en", "text": "This brand new, one-piece, forged billet wheel by RC Components is stronger and more durable than any overseas cast wheel on the market today. Their process begins with a solid forging of 6061-T6 aluminum that was engineered specifically for RC Components. This single piece of billet aluminum is then CNC machined to produce a complete one-piece wheel that is super strong and unlike anything else on the market today. The new Siege Wheel is available in a 21×3.5” size for 2008-2018 H-D Touring models. Available in chrome, solid black or our Eclipse finish. $899.00.\nRC Components 800.360.0915 rccomponents.com", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://staciejewelry.net/handcrafted-jewelry-techniques/lost-wax-casting-crafting-metal-jewelry/", "date": "2024-04-24T16:21:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819668.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424143432-20240424173432-00459.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8945316076278687, "token_count": 982, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__56570894", "lang": "en", "text": "Jewelry has been an integral part of human culture for centuries. From ancient civilizations to modern fashionistas, the allure of adorning oneself with shiny, intricate metal pieces has remained timeless. But have you ever wondered about the intricate craftsmanship behind the creation of metal jewelry? Enter “Lost Wax Casting,” a fascinating and age-old technique that brings jewelry to life with intricate details and precision. In this blog post, we’ll delve into the captivating world of Lost Wax Casting, exploring the history, process, and intriguing facts that make it a beloved method among jewelry makers.\nThe Origins of Lost Wax Casting 🕰️\nTo truly appreciate Lost Wax Casting, we must first step back in time to discover its origins. This remarkable technique dates back over 5,000 years, with its roots in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. Archaeological finds have revealed intricate jewelry pieces made using this method, showcasing the enduring legacy of this craft.\nMesopotamian Marvels 🏛️\nIn ancient Mesopotamia, artisans used wax to create intricate jewelry designs. These wax prototypes were then encased in clay, leaving a hollow space inside. As the clay was heated, the wax melted away, creating a mold into which molten metal was poured. This innovative process allowed for the reproduction of intricate jewelry designs and marked the birth of Lost Wax Casting.\nThe Lost Wax Casting Process: A Step-by-Step Journey 🌟\nNow that we’ve touched on the history, let’s dive into the intricate process of Lost Wax Casting, step by step.\nStep 1: Wax Prototyping 🕯️\nThe journey begins with a skilled jeweler crafting a wax model of the desired jewelry piece. This wax prototype is meticulously carved, allowing for the inclusion of intricate details that will later be replicated in metal.\nStep 2: Mold Encasement 🏺\nOnce the wax prototype is complete, it is encased in a heat-resistant material, typically plaster or investment powder. This encasement hardens, creating a durable mold with a cavity mirroring the wax model.\nStep 3: Wax Elimination 🕳️\nThe mold is then heated in a kiln, causing the wax to melt and drip out, leaving behind a hollow space within the mold. Hence the name “Lost Wax Casting.”\nStep 4: Metal Pouring 🌋\nWith the mold now prepared, it’s time for the magic to happen. Molten metal, often gold, silver, or bronze, is poured into the cavity, taking the shape of the original wax prototype.\nStep 5: Cooling and Unveiling 🔥\nAs the metal cools and solidifies within the mold, the jeweler patiently waits. Once the metal has cooled sufficiently, the encasement is broken open, revealing the newly cast jewelry piece.\nStep 6: Finishing Touches ✨\nThe jewelry piece is carefully removed from the mold and undergoes various finishing processes. This may include polishing, gemstone setting, and any additional details required to perfect the piece.\nFascinating Facts About Lost Wax Casting 🤩\nNow that you understand the process, let’s uncover some captivating facts about Lost Wax Casting:\n1. Precision Beyond Compare 📏\nLost Wax Casting allows for incredible precision and intricacy in jewelry design. Artisans can create pieces with the tiniest of details, from delicate filigree to lifelike figurines.\n2. A Diverse Palette 🌈\nThis method isn’t limited to just precious metals like gold and silver. It can be used with a wide array of materials, including brass, copper, and even non-metal materials like glass.\n3. Ancient and Contemporary Fusion 🌐\nWhile rooted in ancient history, Lost Wax Casting continues to be a favored technique in contemporary jewelry making. Modern technology has enhanced the process, making it even more accessible to artisans.\n4. Sustainability Matters ♻️\nThe Lost Wax Casting process is known for its minimal material wastage. The wax prototype is reusable, and any excess metal can be melted down and recast, making it an environmentally friendly choice.\nConclusion: Where Artistry and Science Converge 🎨🔬\nLost Wax Casting is a testament to the enduring craft of jewelry making. It seamlessly blends artistry and science, allowing artisans to transform their creative visions into wearable masterpieces. The next time you don a piece of intricately designed jewelry, take a moment to appreciate the ancient technique that brought it to life – Lost Wax Casting. Its timeless charm continues to shine brightly in the world of metal jewelry crafting. 💍💫", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.kvrollers.com/products/polymercompounding/default.htm", "date": "2024-02-29T04:33:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474784.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229035411-20240229065411-00404.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8629699349403381, "token_count": 641, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__129901591", "lang": "en", "text": "Our advanced polymer compounds are designed and manufactured by our expert on-site team under strict quality controls.\nWhether creating a tailored compound to suit your specific requirement, or optimising or matching an existing compound to improve performance, and we are happy to work with you to ensure the finished compound does precisely what you want it to do.\nKV Rollers is a leader in the development of unique rubber compounds meeting the needs of individual customers whilst adhering to a wide range of international standards. These include BS, DIN, ASTM, BGA, FDA and 3A.\nOur rubber compounding plant introduces between one and five new materials every month, expanding our existing library of over 400 proprietary rubber compounds.\nWe are more than happy to collaborate with customers to develop new materials matching today's demanding requirements.\nConsequently we are already providing solutions for highly specialised markets where quality controlled, high performance, consistent and repeatable results are essential.\nExacting quality control ensures each compound performs consistently within its design parameters. In support of this, we are proud of our ISO9001:2008 certification.\n|Chemical / Solvent Resistance\n|Hardness range - IRHD\n|Resistance to abrasion\n|Resistance to compression set\n|Resistance to permanent set\n|Elongation at break\n|Resistance to heat build-up\nWe work with an extensive range of polymers to produce more than 400 highly specialised, proprietary rubber compounds in either liquid or slab form for calendering, compression moulding and casting applications. These include:\n- > Nitrile (NBR) and Nitrile/PVC (NBR/PVC) - Used mainly for printing applications and available with a range of attributes from hydrophilic to FDA 177.2600 compliant. Excellent mechanical durability for mechanical handling. It delivers a broad range of mechanical and chemical characteristics.\n- > EPDM - Used for printing and plate processing with good UV and temperature resistance, laser engravable and available in electrically conductive and antistatic grades.\n- > CR (Neoprene™) - Excellent mechanical durability and used mainly for mechanical handling.\n- > CSM (Hypalon™) - Used within the steel industry for mechanical handling with excellent high temperature performance and acid and alkali resistance along with good mechanical durability.\n- > XNBR - Laser engravable, with excellent mechanical durability for mechanical handling.\n- > HNBR - Delivers a broad range of mechanical and chemical characteristics plus high temperature resistance.\n- > NR (Natural Rubber) - Excellent mechanical durability for mechanical handling with a range of applications including offshore pipe and cable laying tensioner pads.\n- > Silicone (Q) - High temperature resistance combined with low coefficient of friction and excellent release plus available in thermally conductive and antistatic grades.\n- > PU (Polyurethane) - Available in a range of hardnesses with excellent mechanical durability for mechanical handling and metal decorating and can be cast into complex profiles.\nHypalon and Neoprene are the registered trade marks of Dupont", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://signitupok.com/what-are-wall-wraps-made-of/", "date": "2023-09-22T21:15:04Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506423.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922202444-20230922232444-00298.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.955487072467804, "token_count": 672, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__232930671", "lang": "en", "text": "Wall wraps are essential in both commercial and residential architecture. They protect walls from dirt, grime, and other potential damage. Businesses use them to create an inviting environment for customers, while homeowners use them to improve the look of their homes. Many wall wraps are available on the market, but they all have one thing in common: They are made of vinyl.\nHow Are Wall Wraps Made of Vinyl?\nVinyl is a type of plastic that is both durable and flexible. It is made by combining two types of chemicals, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and vinyl chloride. PVC is a white or light-colored powder combined with vinyl chloride to create the final product.\nThe manufacturing process begins with the creation of PVC. PVC is made by combining two types of chemicals, ethylene, and chlorine. Ethylene is a gas that is derived from natural gas or petroleum. Chlorine is a gas produced by electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water molecules into their parts: hydrogen and oxygen.\nThe next step in the manufacturing process is to combine the PVC with vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is a gas that is produced by combining chlorine and ethylene. This combination creates a liquid that is combined with PVC to create the final product.\nThe manufacturing process of vinyl wall wraps is relatively simple. However, it is essential to note that vinyl is a type of plastic. As such, it is not biodegradable and can take up to 1,000 years to degrade. This means that vinyl wall wraps should be disposed of properly to minimize their environmental impact.\nHow Are Wall Wrap Murals Made?\nWall wrap murals are a type of wall wrap made by printing a design onto a vinyl sheet and then applying it to a wall. Murals can be printed on any type of vinyl, but calendered vinyl is the most common type. Printing a mural onto a vinyl sheet is similar to printing onto paper. However, the vinyl must be fed through the printer in one continuous sheet.\nOnce the mural is printed, it is cut into sections and applied to the wall. Wall wrap murals can be applied to any wall, but they are most commonly applied to drywall. Applying a wall wrap mural to drywall is a two-step process. First, the mural is applied to the wall with an adhesive. Then, a clear protective laminate is applied over the top of the mural. This laminate protects the mural from damage and ensures that it will last for years.\nAre Wall Murals Reusable?\nMurals are made of vinyl, which is a very durable material. However, they are not reusable. Once a mural has been applied to a wall, it cannot be removed and reapplied elsewhere. If you want to move your mural to another location, you must purchase a new vinyl sheet and have the mural reprinted.\nSign It Up is a leading wall wrap printing company that creates high-quality wall wraps for businesses and homeowners. Sign It Up is the perfect place to turn if you want to add a personalized touch to your space. We offer a wide variety of wall wraps in various colors and patterns, so you’re sure to find one that suits your taste. Our team of experts can help you create a custom design perfect for your space.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://reconjacks.com/products/2nd-amendment-glasses", "date": "2022-01-20T16:44:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320302355.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120160411-20220120190411-00385.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.915928304195404, "token_count": 147, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__163868580", "lang": "en", "text": "Show your support for the Second Amendment with one of these handcrafted glasses embedded with a real, lead-free bullet!\nEach glass is high-quality and handcrafted in our glass workshop in Wisconsin. We permanently laser etch the Second Amendment on one side of the glass and a distressed American Flag design on the other. All packaging and raw materials are made in the USA.\nThe 11oz rocks glass is embedded with a 0.308 caliber bullet and the 16oz pint glass is embedded with a 0.50 caliber machine gun bullet. Each bullet is CNC'd from a pure piece of copper by Lehigh Defense in Quakertown, Pennsylvania.\nWe take pride in each glass we make.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://muhlen-sohn.com/index.cfm?id=29", "date": "2020-09-21T03:16:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198887.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921014923-20200921044923-00326.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8979818224906921, "token_count": 179, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__54301204", "lang": "en", "text": "The leader when it comes to corrugator belts\nAs a market leader in technology for corrugator belts and fluidising fabrics, Mühlen Sohn stands for best quality innovative products. Our flexibility in development and production enables us to produce special products to customer specifications in addition to our standard product range.\nMühlen Sohn corrugator belts have been specially developed for use in double facers in corrugating systems. Their main tasks are smooth transport and best possible drying of the corrugated board. The belts are exposed to substantial stresses from temperature, contact pressure, friction, tensile stress and moisture. Mühlen Sohn corrugator belts consist of 2, 3 and 4-ply fabrics. The rip, heat and abrasion-resistant fibres give the belts an excellent movement and transport characteristic. This guarantees security and reliability during your production processes.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.pelletsystems.com/pellet_mill.html", "date": "2013-05-24T15:57:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704713110/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516114513-00018-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8560045957565308, "token_count": 238, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__25833602", "lang": "en", "text": "PSi pellet mills are engineered for high production and low energy consumption. Our dies are designed for maximum performance and low maintenance costs. The pellet mills are built for 24x7 operation with low overhead costs.\nUsing the double die design, the PSi pellet mill extrudes the pellets towards the die core, providing a clean operating environment. Inertia force within the rotating dies and a special surface treatment is used for reaching the required pellet hardness while decreasing production power demand. Flexibility in raw material moisture, up to 18% - 25% on incoming raw materials, reduces the drying process and in some cases, eliminates it completely.\nPSi provides complete turnkey pellet mills systems designed for producing the highest density pellet on the market. PSi pellet plants are designed with expansion in mind to accommodate your business as it grows.\nSome of the advantages of the PSi pellet mill are:\nRaw Material Moisture Content from 15% - 18%\nfor a 7 - 8% moisture pellet\nThe Highest Density Pellet on the Market\nUtilize Multiple Raw Materials\nSubstantial Energy Cost Savings over Traditional Pellet Mills", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://blog.customfurnish.com/2014/10/material-that-goes-into-kustommade.html", "date": "2017-04-25T12:18:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120349.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00332-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9571815729141235, "token_count": 806, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__278690857", "lang": "en", "text": "Materials used to manufacture wardrobes\nFurniture is integral to any home; more or less an investment most people make once or twice in their lifetime. That’s why the furniture you purchase should be long-lasting. We, at Customfurnish.com, realize the importance of the durability of furniture and hence, we ensure that the materials used to manufacture the furniture undergo constant quality checks. We are committed to not just provide you with the best quality furniture but we think it is our responsibility to familiarize you with the kind of materials we use so that you can make a well-informed decision about what you want.\nParticle board is an engineered or man-made wood manufactured by gluing together the wood chips, shavings, and sometimes sawdust. It is extensively used across the world for manufacturing furniture that is not exposed to humidity and moisture. Particle board that comes with a layer of lamination done on its surface to make it more enduring is known as Pre-laminated board.\nSome advantages of using particle board are listed below:\n· As long as the lamination does not wear off, the particle board does not warp.\n· It does not dent or distort as other soft woods\n· It does not expand or contract due to change in weather.\n· It bends well due to low weight and density and can be easily used to create long and wide wardrobe doors.\n· It is much cheaper than solid wood.\n· It is durable in absence of moisture. As moisture can harm the particle board wardrobes, it is not recommended to use it for kitchen furnishings.\n· It is portable due to its light weight.\nParticle boards are available in varied thickness and density. So, you can basically choose the strength depending on your needs. Also, they are available in wide array of colors that you can choose from.\nMedium-density Fiber (MDF)\nMDF is an engineered wood made by gluing together the recycled wood fibers by using resin as a binder. High pressure and temperature is applied to form panels of MDF.\nThe benefits of using MDF are listed as follows:\n· It is stronger than particle board.\n· It is cheaper than plywood and remains unaffected dues to changes in weather.\n· The water resistant variety of MDF does not swell due to moisture and remains intact unlike the solid wood.\n· It has a smooth surface without any knots or grains unlike the solid wood. So, it is easier to cut it into various shapes, sizes and designs.\n· Its smooth surface also ensures that it is ideal for painting. You can easily paint it to look like real wood.\n· MDF is a good substrate for veneering.\nBoiling Waterproof Plywood (BWP Plywood)\nBWP plywood is an engineered wood, resistant to moisture and high temperature, created from the thin layers of wood glued together at right angles tightly by using Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin.\nSome of the advantages of using BWP plywood are as follows:\n· It is better than solid wood at handling water exposure; thereby making it a popular choice for constructing kitchen cabinets. However, for wardrobes that are not normally exposed to moisture, MDF or Particle board are better choices as they are more cost-effective.\n· It is free from termite or borer attacks.\n· It is stronger and more durable than MDF or particle board and is lesser prone to warping as the wood is glued together perpendicularly.\n· It can be covered with the laminates or veneers that fit your needs.\nAll three of these engineered woods have their unique benefits and our expert designers utilize them in ways to ensure that our customers get sturdy furniture at affordable prices. We conduct various quality checks at different stages of the manufacturing cycle to check that there is no compromise with the quality of the goods produced.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://en.nonwotech.com/spunbond/", "date": "2022-05-27T19:13:28Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662675072.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220527174336-20220527204336-00097.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9002367258071899, "token_count": 442, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-21", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__252214887", "lang": "en", "text": "100% Polypropylene and First Quality Raw Material\nOur nonwoven spunbond production is produced using 100% polypropylene and first quality raw materials. Due to our aim to produce quality products for human health and long-term, we produce only 100% polypropylene in a single and standard quality. While performing our Spunbond production in our facilities, the most important issue is to produce products in accordance with the “Edana” standards and the “Oecotex” certificate. Our spunbond production line is produced in SS, SSS, SMMS technologies with widths of 160 cm – 250 cm – 320 cm. Although our production widths are 160 cm – 250 – 320 cm, we can produce in different width combinations. Especially thanks to our SSS production, our product advantage is offered for sectors that require high homogeneity and strength. Our production weight range is between 10 gr/m2 – 160 gr/m2 and we have production in approximately 25 standard color tones. It is available in our special color production in line with the order you will place in sufficient tonnages.\n|Medical||It is used for products such as bonnets, masks, aprons, stretcher covers, sterile bundles.|\n|Insulation||It is used to provide heat, water and sound insulation as well as to maintain the moisture balance inside.|\n|Agriculture||It is used to provide heat, water and sound insulation as well as to maintain the moisture balance inside.|\n|Promotion||It is used in many bags and promotional items.|\n|Furniture||It is used during production for inner dressing, side arms, closing the bottom sole. It is also used as packaging for the protection of ready-made products.|\n|Automotive||Used for seat and car cover.|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.stoneculture.co.uk/product/blue-pearl-granite/", "date": "2020-01-29T12:01:21Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251796127.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129102701-20200129132701-00322.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9323664903640747, "token_count": 125, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-05", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__109890624", "lang": "en", "text": "Blue Pearl Granite originates from Northern Europe and is a perfect alternative to sheer black and grey worktops. Blue Pearl Granite features a highly polished surface over a base colour of grey and navy blue. Deep under the surface you will find mineral deposits of different colours, shapes, and sizes. This stone is made up of small black, blue and grey minerals in a number of different shades. Shiny reflective minerals are also visible which add a stunning finish to this stone. This Granite is extremely hard wearing and durable, it is also easy to maintain making it ideal for a variety of uses both commercially and in the home.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.lanvininfra.com/why-us.html", "date": "2021-07-23T21:51:08Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150067.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723210216-20210724000216-00561.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9189568758010864, "token_count": 653, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__156724477", "lang": "en", "text": "MADE ON THE WORLD’S FINEST MACHINES:-\nLIPL Pavers and our concrete masonry products are manufactured under extremely high hydraulic pressure on the world's finest machines equipped with the latest German technology. Manufactured to very accurate dimensions and quality standards, they continue to be popular because of their anti-skid surfaces, ease of laying, durability, time tested design, excellent point load capacities, great visual appeal and extremely low reinstallation and maintenance costs.\nENDLESS ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATIONS & MORE ATTRACTIVE :-\nLIPL Pavers, with their highly durable and stable surface, can be used to create interesting design patterns using different sizes, colors, and texture combinations. Pedestrian walkways, residential areas, vehicle parking areas, sidewalks, parks, bus stops, storage yards, loading docks, industrial areas, low speed traffic roads and even heavy traffic areas, are just some of the areas where pavers are used in massive quantities. Unlike asphalt or poured concrete, our concrete paving blocks are available in a variety of shapes and colors, which can create endless number of beautiful patterns and designs to make your outdoors look very attractive\nALL WEATHER PRODUCT :-\nIn public areas such as parks, swimming pools and pedestrian areas that are frequented by children, LIPL paver blocks are the ideal choice since they tend to remain cooler in the summer season while poured or stamped concrete floorings turn extremely hot when exposed to the sun. The anti-skid surface finish of our pavers makes them the only safe choice you can trust during monsoons when other outdoor flooring options such as thin paving tiles, checkered tiles or glossy rubber mould products become very slippery for pedestrian and cycle or bike movement\nEASIEST TO INSALL :-\nThe installation of our concrete pavers requires neither the specialized equipment nor the intensive skilled labor of asphalt and stamped concrete installations. Interlocking pavers are easy to lay and can be fixed easily in large or small projects by inexpensive equipment and semi-skilled labor. These pavers can also be easily removed and reinstalled later at the same place or elsewhere.\nEASILY REUSABLE :-\nIn the case of required access to underground utilities in a compound, asphalt and poured or stamped concrete have to be broken down to enter. Whereas our paver blocks can be easily removed and reinstalled after repairs are completed giving the end user an advantage of carrying out hassle-free repair and maintenance work.\nLESS MAINTENANCE :-\nOur concrete paving blocks require far less maintenance than other paving materials such as checkered tiles and other rubber mould products. The strength and durability of concrete paving blocks eliminate costly patching and surfacing. Our designer concrete paving blocks with colors in matt finish make it possible to create mosaics for parking space lines and directional signs, thereby eliminating painting.\nINCREASED STRENGTH AND LIFE:-\nLIPL concrete paving blocks are stronger and more durable than conventional paving materials. These blocks can handle the weight of heavy construction equipment or fully loaded tractor-trailers. So you have a product with an exceptionally long life.\nFor more Information:Contact Us", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://electropolymao.cn/research/", "date": "2024-03-04T22:31:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476532.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304200958-20240304230958-00862.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8604503273963928, "token_count": 1165, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__151701405", "lang": "en", "text": "Electrosynthesis uses electrons as a potent, controllable, and traceless alternative to chemical oxidants or reductants, and typically offers a more sustainable alternative to conventional redox reactions, sometimes even succeeding with better selectivity or unique reaction. Thermodynamics and kinetics at the solid-liquid interface can be accelerated by controlling potentials and current intensities, while electrochemistry can simplify purification and post-treatment processes. We focus on the electrochemical synthesis of novel organic electrical materials. A particular emphasis of our philosophy is how to understand the synthesis of electro- and photofunctional polymers from electrochemical approaches. Solid-phase electrosynthesis developed in our group can enable real-time monitoring of redox processes across a variety of length scales while producing complex polymers and materials fabrication. Recent information on our group's current research activities can be found in the group's publications, but a brief introduction to each example of recent projects is provided below.\nKeywords: Solid-Phase Electrosynthesis, Iterative Synthesis, Controlled Electropolymerization, Sequence-Controlled Synthesis, Precise Synthesis; Heterometallic supramolecular polymer, Metallopolymer; Polymer Monolayer, Polymer Brush; Nonlinear Conductive Materials and Devices;\n(1) Controlled Electropolymerization\nElectropolymerization is one of the most important methods for synthesizing and developing conductive polymers. The complexity of the polymerization mechanism, ion doping processes, and structural defects are considered symbiotic and unavoidable, making the stagnant state and huge band gap with advanced interdisciplinary research fields and important applications in the last three decades. We have provided a perspective on controlled electropolymerization by regioselective activation reactions of monomers, where self-dimerization instead of self-electropolymerization was used. The resulting dimers play a role in the connections between functional building blocks to form functional polymers on demand.\nFig. 1 (a) Controlled electrochemical reactions based on the potential and substitution dependences. (b) Redox dimerizations of electroactive monomers are used to connect the building blocks to form functional polymers. (c) Precise synthesis is conducted by alternative redox reactions via switching positive and negative potentials. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 2022, 33, 100952. invited review\n(2) Solid-Phase Electrosynthesis (Electrochemical Iterative Synthesis, Precise Synthesis)\nWe developed the electrochemical iterative synthesis of a monomer A-B through individual A–A or B–B coupling driven by electrochemical switching of positive and negative bias on a self-assembled A or B electrode.\nFig. 2 Solid-phase electrosynthesis. Acc. Chem. Res. 2023, in press.\nRichly stimulated organometallic polymers are considered candidates for ultra-high information storage and anti-counterfeiting security. However, their controllable synthesis has been an unsolved challenge. We have reported the rapid sequence-controlled electrosynthesis of organometallic polymers with the exquisite insertion of multiple and distinct monomers.\nFig. 3 Rapidly sequence-controlled electrosynthesis. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2530.\n(3) Sequence-Controlled Conductance and Memristive Functions of Metallopolymer Monolayers\nUnderstanding how charge travels through sequence-controlled molecules has been a formidable challenge due to simultaneous requirements in well-controlled synthesis and well-manipulated orientation. We report electrically driven simultaneous synthesis and crystallization as a general strategy to study the conductance of composition and sequence-controlled unioligomer and unipolymer monolayers. Our work demonstrates a promising way to release an ultra-rich variety of electrical parameters and optimize the functions and performances of multilevel resistive devices.\nFig. 4 Composition and sequence-controlled conductance of crystalline unimolecular monolayers. Sci. Adv. 2023, 9, eadh0667.\n(4) Unidirectional Orientated Non-crystalline Metallopolymers\nLong-range ordered nanoarchitecture of polymers is hampered by kinetic and statistical restrictions during polymer synthesis and manipulation. We have reported the monolayer nanoarchitecture of long-range crystalline metallopolymers via kinetically accelerated and statistically allowed iterative growth, guided by a self- assembled monolayer with monitoring and defect-repair abilities.\nFig. 5 Monolayer nanoarchitecture of crystalline metallopolymers by electrochemical iterative growth. Cell Rep. Phys. Sci. 2022, 3, 100852.\nRepairable electrosynthesis, combined with the advantages of simultaneous artificial synthesis and manipulation, is a powerful method for fabricating monolayers of unidirectional crystalline functional polymers with sophisticated molecular structures that are very difficult to crystallize. The scalable and programmable electrosynthesis also provides an opportunity to challenge the preparation of an isolated ultra-long polymer and the synthetically iterative limit for further fundamental study.\nFig. 6 Monolayer nanoarchitecture and single polymer chain of metallopolymers prepared by electrochemical iterative growth. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216838.hot paper\nFig. 7 Nanoarchitectonics on electrosynthesis and assembly of conjugated metallopolymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, DOI: 10.1002/ange.202311778. hot paper", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.greatwesternroofing.com/commercial-roofing/", "date": "2019-03-26T14:19:22Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912205534.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20190326135436-20190326161436-00281.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8940398693084717, "token_count": 416, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__53804658", "lang": "en", "text": "Great Western Roofing & Construction specializes in commercial roofing along the Front Range! Great Western Roofing & Construction can handle commercial roofing projects of all sizes. We also offer commercial roof repair services.\nElastomeric Roof Coatings\nElastomeric roof coatings are a great option to extend the life of a roof, fix leaks, or increase the energy efficiency of your roof.\nMost elastomeric roof coatings last for a minimum of 10 years, are easy to apply, and are much cheaper than a full roof replacement.\nRoof coatings are seamless and when installed correctly, can solve roof leaks on almost any type of roof substrate. Field-applied reflective roof coatings can extend the useful life of nearly every roof substrate keeping a roof surface cool and providing a level of protection from the sun and weather.\nRoof coatings can add 25 years to the service life of a roof and reduce the amount of discarded roofing materials that end up in landfills. The infrared image on the right shows “175°F” on the uncoated (black) section of the modified bitumen roof. The coated (white) section is “79°F”. Field studies have shown that cool roof coatings can lower rooftop temperatures and reduce air conditioning bills.\nTPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin)\nTPO roofing system is one of the latest flat, single ply roofing materials on the market. The current membrane formulations are reinforced with a polyester fabric and manufactured using an ultraviolet-resistant thermoplastic polyolefin formulation. TPO roofing comes in several thicknesses.\nTPO can be fully adhered, mechanically fastened, or ballasted. TPO seam strengths are reported to be three to four times higher than EPDM roofing systems. This is a popular choice for environmentally friendly building. It is available in white, grey, and black.\nUsing white roof material helps increase solar reflectivity and decrease solar heat gain in the building.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://truesafetygear.com/products/nsa-7-oz-carboncomfort%E2%84%A2-work-shirt-tan-12-cal-shr-dwws03-tn", "date": "2023-09-23T11:19:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506480.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20230923094750-20230923124750-00137.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7372586131095886, "token_count": 197, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__288777533", "lang": "en", "text": "Arc Rating: 12 cal/cm²\n- 7 oz. CARBONCOMFORT™\n- Featuring the most sophisticated flame resistant fabric technology to hit the industry!\n- CARBONCOMFORT™ is the no melt, no drip, and non-ignite FR Clothing of the future, exclusively available from National Safety Apparel. With an unsurpassed breathability and drying rate, this heathered fabric clothing meets OSHA 1910.269, is UL Certified for NFPA 2112-2012, and is NFPA 70E-2015 Compliant.\n- Meets ASTM 1506-10a\n- Complies with OSHA 1910.269\n- NFPA 70E-2015 Compliant for Arc Flash\n- CSA Z462-15 Compliant for Arc Flash (Canada)\n- L Certified to NFPA 2112-2012 for Flash Fire", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://archiframe.fi/en/vvr-wood-archiframe-archiframe-user-review-wood-element-factory-visit/", "date": "2024-04-17T16:12:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817158.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417142102-20240417172102-00446.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9412381052970886, "token_count": 692, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__31009967", "lang": "en", "text": "Transcript for the video “VVR Wood & ArchiFrame: ArchiFrame User Review & Wood Element Factory Visit”\n(00:48) My name is Ville Valve and I’m the co-founder of VVR Wood. I run the design and development in our company. VVR Wood is a fast-growing timber construction company and we mainly focus on large scale timber constructions.\n(01:14) In wood element production, we typically have a lot of different parts and details and most of the work is done off site, so it is essential for us to make sure that every part fits together when it’s finished on the building site.\n(01:32) So information management and flow of the information during that process, it’s very important for us. Using wood helps us to reduce the carbon footprint of the buildings. It’s also a very suitable material for off site construction, so it helps us to improve the efficiency and quality of the construction. And also, it’s a natural material that most of the people like to see and feel.\n(02:08) Large scale investors and construction companies are trying to find ways to make buildings more environmentally friendly and also they are trying to improve the efficacy of the building processes. Timber element construction is a very viable way of achieving both of these goals. Our production process starts with the architect’s 3D model, and we break walls and slabs to a different element types and then design those elements.\n(02:41) And typically our models can have hundreds of different elements and tens of thousands of different parts. And we have to make sure that this information flows through the construction process and is usable in every part of the process.\n(03:05) Kerto Ripa is an element type made from LVL using structural gluing. It allows us to make long-span floors and roofs without the use of large beams. This way we can make the elements actually thinner without reducing the capacity of the elements.\n(03:31) ArchiFrame is a very important tool for us because we designed everything that we do using ArchiFrame.\n(03:58)One of the most important features of our program is the flexibility of the program. In our projects, typically, we have many different types of elements and the construction types are changing in every project. So we have to be able to make different types, different drawing layouts, different parts and the flexibility of ArchiFrame allows us to define the element types by ourselves and change them according to our needs.\n(04:30)For us, ArchiFrame is a digital tool and an important part of software automation, which helps our designers to make the routine work faster and more accurate and so they can focus on the most important parts of the building project.\n(04:53) In choosing ArchiFrame, one of the most important aspects was the strong integration with Archicad. It’s software which is used in a lot of architectural designers’ offices and this allows us to work more closely with the architects and also we don’t have to give other designers so many restrictions and guides to be able to integrate in our design processes.\n(05:31) Every project is different. We have to be able to meet our customers’ needs.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.pictureframingstudio.co.za/pages/quality", "date": "2023-12-08T02:01:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100710.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208013411-20231208043411-00329.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9270720481872559, "token_count": 632, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__218939610", "lang": "en", "text": "Only the best equipment and materials are used at all times - no compromises.\nQuality Standard Picture Frame Mouldings\nWe have selected only the best wholesalers to supply our framing materials and mouldings.\nWe regularly use high quality synthetic mouldings manufactured from compressed polystyrene , Wooden mouldings are manufactured and finished locally from obeche wood. The obeche wood is imported from West Africa and grown sustainably.\nHigh quality synthetic mouldings have replaced many wooden profiles over the last few years. Synthetic mouldings are suitable for high moisture content areas such as bathrooms and homes at the coast.\nFor most applications it shouldn't matter if you choose wood or synthetic.\nBoth will do the job perfectly.\nWood mouldings are still as popular as ever before. The raw and natural profiles are currently the most sought after for a contemporary gallery look.\nMost of our wood mouldings are made from a species of wood called Triplochiton scleroxylon, commonly known as Wawa, specially imported from plantations in West Africa conforming to sustainable resource harvesting.\nSustainable harvesting is a main priority for our suppliers when searching for new wood suppliers. They have to carry an FSC certification that proves that their forests are sustainably harvested.\nAluminium mouldings are manufactured and finished in South Africa.\nNew aluminium profiles are very narrow and can acheive what wood can't.\nHere are links to our selected suppliers.\nSupreme Mouldings - Best known for quality Synthetic Mouldings\nSerame Mouldings - Best known for quality Wooden Mouldings\nPrint Design and Mouldings - Best known for quality Aluminium profiles\nQuality Standard Framing Materials\nWe use only the best quality framing materials and finishes.\nOur standard backing board is 3mm MDF. Consider the final picture frame as a sandwich of materials all working together to protect and support your artworks. New synthetic mouldings are not as rigid as wooden mouldings. An inferior backing compromises the integrity of the entire structure. Some framers use inferior cardboard box materials. Some are even using used boxes from the local supermarket. These materials have a high acid content, they warp and absorb a lot of moisture. This becomes the perfect place for mould spores to develop and migrate into you art or photographs.\nOur standard clear glass is 3mm thick. Some framers are using 2mm glass on very large artworks. We have replaced the broken glass on many artworks where the glass has broken and sliced through valuable artworks.\nAs an alternative we also use 3mm Clear Acrylic (Perspex) and we can source 2mm and 4mm museum glass. These are the most expensive options and take a lot longer to complete.\nQuality Standard Accessories\nWe use only high quality framing accessories.\nMostly from the AMS brand.\nArt Materials Service has been manufacturing high quality, reliable framing accessories since 1976.\nWe have packaged smaller quantities for your convenience.\nWe also offer self adhesive brown paper backing tape, double sided tape, cotton gloves and acid free archival framers tape.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.alpineoilchange.com/transmission-fluid/synthetic-gear-oils", "date": "2018-05-26T11:50:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867417.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180526112331-20180526132331-00550.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9027810096740723, "token_count": 766, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__84392318", "lang": "en", "text": "SYNTHETIC GEAR OILS\nProduct Code: synthetic-gear-oils\nSYNTHETIC GEAR OILS\nPennzoil® Synthetic Gear Oils are available in SAE 75W-90 viscosity grades of either API GL-4 or API GL-5 service classifications. Specially formulated with synthetic base stocks to meet the requirements that today’s cars, minivans, SUVs and light-duty trucks encounter in normal and severe driving conditions.\nThe synthetic base stocks used in Pennzoil® Synthetic gear lubricants provide better protection than low- and high-temperature conventional mineral-oil base stocks. They offer protection over a wide temperature range. The API GL-5 product is specially suitable for use in limited-slip differentials.\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 Gear Oils\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 Gear Lubricant combines a premium performance gear oil additive package with a high quality synthetic base stock. The result is a gear oil that provides excellent fluidity for safe lubrication of gears and axles during very low temperatures and also maintains a thick protective oil film during extremely hot operating conditions.\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 is formulated with all the performance additives necessary for outstanding protection of gears and bearings. It contains extreme pressure agents that protect against shock loading and wear. Foam inhibitors protect against oil aeration, which can rupture the lubricant film and cause wear due to lack of lubrication. Special rust inhibitors are incorporated into Pennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 to protect against corrosion that can result from condensation. Oxidation inhibitors are included to further enhance this synthetic oil’s inherent oxidation stability, resulting in a lubricant with exceptionally long service life and excellent resistance to deposit formation during high-temperature operation.\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 meets all the requirements of API Service Classification GL-5.\nPENNZOIL SYNTHETIC GEAR OILS:\n- Contain special extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, minimizing wear that can occur with high or shock loads\n- Provide protection over a wide temperature range\n- Protect against corrosion\n- Provide outstanding thermal stability\n- Reduce or eliminate chatter in limited-slip differentials\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 Gear Lubricant is designed primarily for the lubrication of differentials and manual transmissions requiring an API GL-5 gear lubricant. It can be used in limited-slip and conventional differentials found in passenger cars, light trucks, sport utility vehicles and vans. It continues to flow at very low temperatures, providing especially good protection for gears and bearings in extreme cold weather. It also provides excellent service in torrid climates by not thinning at high temperatures, thereby maintaining a full film of protective lubricant on gear teeth. In hot-running gear boxes, it allows longer service due to the excellent stability of the synthetic base stocks used in the product. Pennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 is specially formulated for today’s stringent demands of everyday stop-and-go driving and towing applications.\nPennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5 is suitable for use in both limited slip and conventional differentials. It may be used for makeup or complete refill of limited-slip differentials, including rebuilt units.\nPassenger car or truck manual transmissions experiencing difficult shifting during cold weather while using conventional mineral-based GL-5 oils, will typically find easier shifting characteristics when using Pennzoil® Synthetic 75W-140 GL-5.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.greendeck.eu/greendeck-decking", "date": "2021-09-25T03:18:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057589.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925021713-20210925051713-00435.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9540345072746277, "token_count": 534, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__178443358", "lang": "en", "text": "Sick and tired of painting your deck?\nA good wooden terrace perfectly complements any back yard, but for the deck to look good for a long time, it needs to be tended regularly – impregnated, painted every couple of years, and it must be regularly cleaned from moss. This is a laborious and expensive process, especially if you are not willing to do it yourself and need to hire workers to do it for you. Therefore, for practical and economical reasons, long-lasting outdoor decking made of wood and polymer composite (WPC) is becoming increasingly popular. WPC decking boards are widely used in outdoor cafes as well as backyard garden terraces, balconies, pool flooring and boat docks.\nManufactured in Latvia - with reverence for nature\n\"WPC GreenDECK\" Ltd. is a company that draws knowledge and experience from abroad to manufactures high quality decking boards with the brand name \"GreenDECK\" right here in Latvia, Aizkraukle. Over the years, the company has developed an optimal approach to decking board production. GreenDECK decking boards are particularly suitable for the changing climate of our region, as they are made from local Baltic softwood timber, which is highly resistant due to the constant climate changes – long winter and short summer periods. A high-quality, raw and impurity-free polyethylene is included in the composition of GreenDECK decking boards, making them extremely durable. It should be emphasized that no trees are cut down for the production of GreenDECK decking boards. Wood fibers used in manufacturing are raw materials, carefully collected from carpentry factories and recycled for the production of GreenDECK decking.\nEco friendly and sustainable\nForget painting and impregnation\nGreenDECK decking production process uses extrusion technology. Decking boards are produced under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and they consist of 60% natural wood fibers and 40% eco-friendly polymer. Wood fibers give GreenDECK decking boards the natural texture of wood, while the polymer confers longevity and durability, as well as making the material easy to take care of. In contrast to wooden boards, GreenDECK decking boards do not need to be impregnated, painted or oiled. It is sufficient to occasionally wash the boards with water. GreenDECK decking is highly resistant to moisture and the harmful effects of exposure to sunlight. They are also resistant to fungal and insect exposure. In general, GreenDECK decking boards have more than ten years of dependable service warranty without using any additional protection.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bluegrassnursery.com/product/groundsmart-espresso-black-rubber-mulch-20-lbs-bag/", "date": "2024-02-27T09:39:38Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474674.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227085429-20240227115429-00135.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8920756578445435, "token_count": 146, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__62170979", "lang": "en", "text": "GroundSmart rubber mulch nuggets are the perfect loose-fill groundcover for landscaping and playground applications. With long-lasting color, GroundSmart will outlast your cedar wood mulch or bark wood mulch by more than a decade! Our 12-year color guarantee means you can stop annual mulching, saving time and money for years to come. Rated as the safest playground surface available today, GroundSmart rubber mulch nuggets have a fall height rating 2X that of wood mulch, leading to fewer bumps and bruises. Made from 100% recycled rubber. GroundSmart rubber nugget mulch helps keeps millions of scrap tires and billions of pounds of scrap tire rubber out of landfills every year.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ats-solution.cn/ats-catalysts/ats-automotive-catalyst/ats-automotive-catalyst-for-cng-lng-lpg", "date": "2023-09-28T16:39:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510427.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928162907-20230928192907-00633.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9040679335594177, "token_count": 367, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__138695589", "lang": "en", "text": "Lean-burn Natural Gas Catalyst (MOC)\n- MOC catalyst is primarily used for exhaust gas treatment of alternative fuel engines such as CNG, LNG and LPG with lean-burn technology, which can purify CH4/NMHC/CO and other pollutants in the exhaust gas through catalytic oxidation technology. It is compliant with National IV/V emission standards for alternative fuel engines/vehicles such as road natural gas；\n- MOC catalyst can be used with SCR systems and can also be employed for exhaust gas treatment of stationary source gas engines and marine gas engines.\n- Conversion efficiency is high, with over 90% conversion efficiency for CH4 and NMHC, and over 95% conversion efficiency for CO；\n- Hydrothermal stability is superior, with the property of anti-sulfur；\n- The content of precious metal is lower than that of the equivalent catalyst abroad, providing high cost performance.\nNatural Gas Three-Way Catalyst (NTWC)\nNTWC catalyst is primarily employed for treating exhaust gas of CNG, LNG and other alternative fuel engines with equivalent combustion technology, and to purify CH4/NMHC/CO/NOx and other pollutants in the exhaust gas by adopting catalytic oxidation reduction technology.\nIt meets the National VI emission standards and above for road natural gas engine and other alternative fuel engines/vehicles.\n- Three-way window is relatively wide;\n- Conversion efficiency is high, with over 95% conversion efficiency of CH4, NMHC and NOx, and over 90% conversion efficiency for CO;\n- The ignition temperature is low, while featuring favorable hydrothermal stability and strong sulfur resistance.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ostryaequipment.com/collections/jackets/products/mens-cambium-jacket", "date": "2021-03-02T16:08:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178364027.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210302160319-20210302190319-00606.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.827087938785553, "token_count": 145, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__155435567", "lang": "en", "text": "Cambium Hard Shell Jacket\nThe Cambium Hard Shell is a highly versatile waterproof and breathable jacket that will keep you dry in wet or snowy conditions. It is made in our Montréal workshop using 100% industry surplus fabric.\nHelmet-compatible adjustable hood\nCoated water repellent zippers at front, pockets and pit zips\nVelcro tab cuffs adjustments\nHem drawcord adjustments\nMade in Canada\nDeliveries may take up to two weeks due to the current pandemic situation.\n3-layer breathable and waterproof remnant polyester fabric with a DWR (durable water repellent) finish\nModel is 6'2'' and wearing a size Large", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://activesignshop.com/portfolio-item/dimensional-sign-letters/", "date": "2018-02-18T10:41:58Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891811830.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20180218100444-20180218120444-00593.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9307992458343506, "token_count": 212, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__14974473", "lang": "en", "text": "Dimensional Letters and 3D Signs\nActive Sign Shop manufactures and installs quality dimensional wall signs and logos on interior and exterior walls. Exterior wall mounted 3D letters are a great long term sign solution that attracts the eyes of passing traffic. We design and manufacture signs based on your vision and in compliance with local regulations. Signs installed on the sides of exterior walls are typically dimensional and create a great 3D effect. Our exterior signs are produced using a variety of materials including foams, acrylic, plastics, and aluminum. In many cases we will use a combination of materials to produce a desired effect. Combinations such as high density foam with acrylic or brushed aluminum faces produce a great look at an affordable price point.\nTo learn more visit us or Call us at (909) 267-9567\nAbove image: Exterior dimensional sign for a Church located in Claremont, CA. These sign letters were made from CNC routed high density exterior foam with black acrylic plastic faces. Active Sign Shop's dimensional sign letters are built to last for many years.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://cdmcruiseship.com/26639-choosing-the-right-asphalt-crack-filler-for-your-needs-25/", "date": "2023-12-03T11:45:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100499.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203094028-20231203124028-00412.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9252995848655701, "token_count": 650, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__282717985", "lang": "en", "text": "The Importance of Repairing Asphalt Cracks\nAsphalt is a popular choice for driveways and parking lots due to its durability and cost-effectiveness. However, over time, it is inevitable for cracks to appear. Cracks can be caused by various factors, including weather conditions, heavy traffic, and aging. It is crucial to repair these cracks promptly to prevent further damage and prolong the lifespan of your asphalt surface. To truly grasp the topic at hand, we suggest this external source filled with supplementary information and perspectives. asphalt tape, discover new aspects of the subject discussed.\nTypes of Asphalt Crack Fillers\nWhen it comes to repairing asphalt cracks, there are several options available. Each type of crack filler has its own benefits and drawbacks, so it is essential to choose the right one for your specific needs. Here are some common types of asphalt crack fillers:\nCold-pour crack sealers are easy to use and do not require any specialized equipment. They come in a liquid form and can be poured directly into the cracks. These sealers are best suited for smaller cracks that are less than half an inch wide. However, they are not as durable as other types of crack fillers and may need to be reapplied more frequently.\nHot-pour crack sealers are heated to a high temperature before being applied to the cracks. This type of filler provides a more durable and long-lasting solution. Due to the high temperature required, hot-pour crack sealers need to be applied using specific equipment, such as a kettle or melter. They are ideal for larger cracks and areas with heavy traffic.\nPolymer-modified asphalt crack sealers contain additives that enhance their flexibility and adhesion. These sealers can withstand varying weather conditions and temperature fluctuations without cracking or becoming brittle. Polymer-modified crack sealers are perfect for areas with extreme climate conditions.\nRubberized asphalt crack sealers are made of a blend of asphalt and rubber particles. They provide excellent flexibility and adaptability to the movements of the underlying asphalt surface. Rubberized crack sealers are ideal for areas prone to frequent expansion and contraction, such as regions with freezing and thawing cycles.\nFactors to Consider When Choosing a Crack Filler\nBefore selecting a crack filler for your asphalt repairs, it is essential to consider a few factors:\nProper Crack Filling Technique\nTo ensure a successful crack repair, it is crucial to follow these steps:\nMaintenance Tips for Asphalt Cracks\nProper maintenance is crucial to extend the lifespan of your asphalt surface and prevent future cracks. Here are some tips to keep in mind:\nSelecting the right asphalt crack filler is essential for effective and long-lasting repairs. Consider the crack size, climate conditions, traffic load, and application method when choosing the most suitable option. Remember to follow the proper crack filling technique and implement regular maintenance to ensure your asphalt surface remains in optimal condition for years to come. Find extra details about the topic in this external resource we’ve specially prepared for you. asphalt tape, access valuable and complementary information that will enrich your understanding of the subject.\nDeepen your understanding by exploring the related posts below. Happy reading:", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.apex-al.com/ban/welding/", "date": "2022-06-28T11:18:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103516990.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220628111602-20220628141602-00257.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9174971580505371, "token_count": 208, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-27", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__113879068", "lang": "en", "text": "- Our welders have comprehensive knowledge of the mechanical properties of standard and exotic weld metals\n- Understand the relationship between chemistry and weld metal properties necessary to achieve superior welds\n- Use proper equipment, current techniques and optimal machine settings to ensure the finest, most durable welds in the business\nApex Design Technology has become one of the Southeast’s leading sources of welding. Apex welders are AWS- D1.1 and AWS-D1.2 certified and accredited; we weld to the standards of the American Welding Society. Skilled welders are hard to find, but Apex has five of them with a total of 50+ years experience. Because we place a high priority on welding excellence, all welding personnel undergo the annual AWS re-certification process. We handle an extensive range of welding processes thanks to the depth of skills of our personnel. Other standards also include Mil Std 2219, Class C, Mil Std 1595A, ADT-GT-103, AWS D17.1.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ustool.com/riveting-tools/bucking-bars-kits.html", "date": "2019-05-21T20:31:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256571.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20190521202736-20190521224736-00051.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9385400414466858, "token_count": 177, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-22", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-22__0__81920102", "lang": "en", "text": "U.S. Industrial offers a wide variety of bucking bars, bucking bar kits, and recoilless bucking bars from stock for rivet bucking.\nBucking bars are made from hardened alloy steel and Tungsten with polished faces in a wide selection of sizes, shapes, and weights enabling the user to pick the correct bucking bar for the job.\nBucking bars, made from Ductile Iron to insure non porous finish and a highly polished face. Hardened to Rc 38 – 42 they can be re-polished many times without changing harness.\nCustom Bucking Bars can be made to your specifications if quantity is needed.\nFor rivet bucking in many different areas, bucking bar kits are offered.\nOur high quality Bucking bars are offered in our rivet gun kits.\nManufactured in the USA.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://mybeads.com.au/stainless-steel-hoop-earrings-with-pyrite-obsidian/", "date": "2022-08-16T22:35:54Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00482.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9147118330001831, "token_count": 976, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-33", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__70761341", "lang": "en", "text": "Why we love this tutorial:\nWe have just started stocking these wonderful stainless steel hoop earring findings (after many requests!). They are so easy to use (just pull out the wire from the crimp attachment at the top), and slide on your beads! They even have a little hole if you would like to dangle a bead in the middle… which of course we did 😀 In this design, we have used some of our lovely new Pyrite beads and Golden Obsidian beads. We think they make for a striking combo! We’ve made a couple of different design – see at the bottom for something slightly different. These earrings took next to no time to make – the hardest part is cutting that hard stainless steel wire (tips below!). Of course the possible combinations of colours and shapes are endless for these earrings – the only limitation is the curve of the hoop – so beads with a long (straight) hole will not go on.\nThese earrings are made with 100% Stainless Steel findings. Stainless steel has the benefits of being hypoallergenic, extremely strong and hard wearing, and is resistant to tarnishing. Stainless Steel is a darker colour than silver, and looks more like our nickel silver products.\nBeads and Materials You’ll Need:\n- 2x 8mm faceted round gemstone bead (we’ve used Golden Obsidian)\n- 4x 6mm faceted round gemstone bead (we’ve used Golden Obsidian)\n- 2x Larger flat bead for dangle, 14mm to 18mm works well (we’ve used Pyrite Discs 16mm*)\n- *Please note, as with all of our fancy gemstone beads and pendants, we change our stock regularly – so if these beads are no longer available, try something different!\n- 11/0 Seed Beads (we’ve used Metallic Grey Seed Beads)\n- 10x Stainless Steel Rondelle Spacer Beads\n- 2x Stainless Steel Earring Hoops\n- 2x Stainless Steel Earwires\n- 2x Stainless Steel Headpins\nTools You’ll Need:\nStep 1. Pull out the wire from one side of the earring hoop.\nStep 2. Simply thread on your beads! We’ve used 9 seed beads either side of the gemstone beads (so 18 seed beads per earring). And we’ve used a stainless steel rondelle spacer between each gemstone bead. Then insert the wire back into the connector at the top.\nNote: If you would like the earring to be totally secure, you can now go ahead and crimp the side of the connector that you just inserted the wire into (use very fine needle nose pliers). Be careful not to push the wire in too far, as if you cover the small hole with your wire you will not be able to attach your dangle. However, crimping the connector is not really necessary – the wire itself is a memory wire, and the tension will hold the wire in place.\nStep 3. Now it’s time to make the dangle. Take your headpin, and slide on your Pyrite Disc bead. Add a stainless steel rondelle spacer. Measure about 1cm above this bead and prepare to cut. And here’s the tricky part – normal pliers will struggle to cut through stainless steel headpins (and will likely get quite damaged in trying to do so). In fact, even my memory wire cutters ended up just ‘smooshing’ the wire and bending it, and wouldn’t cut through.\nThe technique that ended up working best for me was using a very cheap pair of cutters (or an old damaged pair) to mark the pin where I wanted to cut. I marked it a couple of times at the same position above the bead, just moving the pliers around the wire. Then I gently bent the wire back and forth until the wire snapped at that point.\nStep 4. Using round nose pliers, form a loop in your headpin.\nStep 5. Attach the open loop to the small hole on the earring hoop connector. Close the loop with your flat nose pliers.\nStep 6. Now simply attach your earwire. Because these earwires have a ball on the loop at the bottom, you’ll have to thread them onto the hoop from the other end of the earwire.\nStep 7. Close the gap in your earwire using flat nose pliers.\nAnd you’re done!\nAnd another design, also using some of the lovely new Pyrite (plus some Black Onyx ovals):", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://gravitonmed.com/face-mask-astm-level-3/", "date": "2024-04-14T02:01:32Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00800.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.895291268825531, "token_count": 462, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__2533522", "lang": "en", "text": "ASTM LEVEL 3 PROCEDURAL MASKS\n*$2 Per Box\nASTM Level 3 Procedural Mask (50/Box)\nASTM Level 3 Masks are best suited for moderate levels of aerosol, spray and/or fluid exposure. These triple-layer masks feature a moisture absorbent inner layer and a moisture repellent outer layer with pleated polypropylene for full coverage of the nose and mouth. Added nose stiffeners ensure a snug seal to minimize gaps.\nMasks are 100% polypropylene. Latex and fiberglass free. Nose bridge is made of plastic-coated steel.\n• Full Coverage: Our pleated design offers full coverage of the nose and mouth.\n• Added nose stiffener offers a tight seal to minimize gaps.\n• Complies with ASTM F2100-20 Level 3 requirements\nIs the ASTM Mask Level 3 Right for You?\nFace masks are graded based on how well they protect against different elements. ASTM Level 1 masks provide low barrier protection and should not be used for aerosols, spray or fluid. ASTM Level 2 masks provide moderate barrier protection for low to moderate levels of aerosols, spray and or fluids. ASTM Level 3 masks provide maximum barrier protection and are used for high risk of fluid, spray or aerosol exposure.\nHow to put on an ASTM Level 3 Mask:\n1. Clean your hands with soap and water or hand sanitizer before touching the Mask.\n2. Take the ASTM Level 3 Mask out of the box or packaging and make sure there are no obvious tears or holes in either side of the Medical Mask.\n3. Determine which side of the Face Mask is the top. The side of the Mask Level 3 that has a stiff bendable edge is the top and is meant to mold to the shape of your nose.\n4. Determine which side of the Mask is the front.\n5. Hold the Mask by the ear loops and place a loop around each ear.\nDo not touch the Medical Face Mask once in position.\nIf the ASTM Level 3 Face Mask gets soiled or damp, dispose it properly and replace it with a new one.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ww2.iboats.com/Gas-Springs/dm/view_id.731316", "date": "2019-03-23T08:23:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202781.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190323080959-20190323102959-00448.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9349851012229919, "token_count": 447, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__190705821", "lang": "en", "text": "The iBoats Experience\nBoats for SaleBrowse thousands of constantly-updated listings and search by location, brand, and boat type See more...\nAdviceConnect with our expansive community and tap into the knowledge base of the most dedicated boaters around. See more...\nShop ProductsBrowse and search for hundreds of thousands of boat parts, accessories, and supplies to suit your every need.\nAbout Gas Springs\nAre your gas springs going out on your boat hatches? Are you tired of your boat hatches falling down? You need to get the industry leading gas spring hardware for your hatches. Attwood gas springs come in three different styles: Ni-Slide (the SL series), Boost Series (the SH series), and Stainless Steel (the ST series). Let's look at each of these:\n- Ni-Slide Gas Springs- the standard product line with the widest range size offering. The shafts are carbon steel and Nitrogen case hardened to enhance the performance and life of the product. The cylinders are black powder coated. This being the standard line it is the most affordable of the three series. It can be used in a range of applications and depending on the actual exposure to the environment can be used in saltwater applications but not recommended if it is presented to constant exposure to the saltwater elements. The end fittings are composite with traditional metal spring clips to retain the socket onto the ball pen.\n- Boost Series Gas Springs- is a unique gas spring because of the fact that the product is designed with a stainless steel shaft and carbon steel cylinder body that is clear coated for corrosion resistance. This is obviously a step up from the SL series due to it's enhanced salt spray protection. The fact that it is not 100% stainless steel allows us to serve the industry with a cost contained product that will stand the rigors of the saltwater environment. The sockets are a 100% composite design and won't rust due to a uniquely designed release system that eliminates the need for the metal spring clip\n- Stainless Steel Gas Springs- these products are 100% stainless and use the 100% composite sockets. These are for the boaters that want the protection of a fully constructed stainless spring.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.vjinstruments.com/blog/laboratory-ball-mill/", "date": "2024-04-19T00:08:40Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817249.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418222029-20240419012029-00301.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8877260088920593, "token_count": 814, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__196514664", "lang": "en", "text": "Advances in Laboratory Ball Mill Technology: Recent Developments and Future Trends\nEnhanced Performance and Efficiency\nRecent advancements in laboratory ball mill technology have been steadfast in the pursuit of improving performance and efficiency. Manufacturers are constantly pioneering innovative solutions to refine the milling process, enabling researchers to achieve superior results in less time. Here are some notable developments:\n1. High-Speed Milling:\n- New laboratory ball mills equipped with high-speed capabilities now allow for expedited grinding and material mixing. This advancement significantly reduces processing time and bolsters overall productivity, enabling researchers to accelerate experiments and streamline workflows.\n2. Enhanced Energy Efficiency:\n- Energy consumption is a pivotal factor in laboratory ball milling. Modern designs now incorporate energy-saving features like efficient motors, improved insulation, and optimized grinding mechanisms. These developments contribute to reduced power consumption, rendering the process more sustainable and cost-effective.\nAdvanced Safety Features\nEnsuring the safety of laboratory personnel and the preservation of product integrity are paramount in pharmaceutical research and development. Recent laboratory ball mill technology has ushered in advanced safety features, providing researchers with peace of mind and mitigating potential risks. Here are notable advancements:\n1. Containment Systems:\n- Contemporary laboratory ball mills are equipped with robust containment systems that prevent cross-contamination and protect operators from exposure to hazardous materials. These systems effectively contain any leaks, ensuring a secure working environment and preserving the integrity of sensitive substances.\n2. Automatic Monitoring and Control:\n- Sophisticated laboratory ball mill designs incorporate real-time monitoring and control systems. These intelligent features continuously oversee critical parameters like temperature, pressure, and vibration, promptly alerting operators to any deviations. This proactive approach enhances safety and prevents potential equipment damage or accidents.\nVersatility and Flexibility\nLaboratory ball mills find application in a wide range of scenarios, necessitating increased versatility and flexibility in their designs. Recent developments have concentrated on expanding the capabilities of these instruments, allowing researchers to explore new possibilities. The following advancements underscore this trend:\n1. Multi-Functional Designs:\n- Contemporary laboratory ball mills are engineered to perform multiple functions, addressing the evolving needs of pharmaceutical research. These versatile instruments can handle various processes, encompassing grinding, mixing, homogenizing, and even particle size reduction, effectively eliminating the need for multiple specialized pieces of equipment.\n2. Customizable Configurations:\n- Meeting the distinct requirements of various experiments, laboratory ball mill designs now offer customizable configurations. Researchers can select from various chamber sizes, grinding media options, and control settings, tailoring the equipment to their precise needs. This flexibility promotes experimental precision and reproducibility.\nThe discussed advancements offer a glimpse into the future of laboratory ball mill technology. As manufacturers continue to invest in research and development, we can anticipate further progress and innovation in the field. Here are some future trends to keep an eye on:\n1. Integration of Automation and Artificial Intelligence:\n- Laboratory ball mills will increasingly incorporate automation and artificial intelligence technologies. This integration will facilitate autonomous operation, data-driven optimization, and advanced analytics, fundamentally changing the way experiments are conducted and results are analyzed.\n2. Miniaturized and Portable Systems:\n- The trend toward miniaturization and portability is expected to extend to laboratory ball mills. Compact and mobile systems will empower researchers to conduct experiments in situ, in diverse settings, bringing laboratory-grade precision to the field.\nLaboratory ball mill technology has traversed a remarkable path, equipping researchers and engineers in their quest for scientific excellence. Recent developments have ushered in a new era of enhanced performance, advanced safety features, and increased versatility. As we cast our gaze into the future, laboratory ball mill technology will continue to evolve, pushing the boundaries of what is achievable in pharmaceutical research and development.\nStay at the vanguard of innovation with VJ Instruments, your trusted partner in laboratory equipment. Explore our cutting-edge laboratory ball mills and experience the latest advancements that will shape the future of pharmaceutical research.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ultralifedirect.com/product-category/media-reactors/", "date": "2018-07-19T17:20:25Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676591150.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20180719164439-20180719184439-00125.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9403112530708313, "token_count": 206, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__193340922", "lang": "en", "text": "Just when you thought media reactors couldn’t get any better, check out the Precision Marine Reverse-Flow Media Reactors. Works excellent with bio-pellets, nitrate & phosphate removing media, activated carbon and more. PM makes some of the best reactors on the market today. Only the best quality material is used in the manufacturing process. The company offers full support and customer satisfaction. These reactors can be used for many different media, and free’s up very needed space in your setup. Several different sizes are available. Check them out at Ultralife Direct for the Best prices. For 20 years Precision Marine Systems has been synonymous with quality & performance.\nUltraLife DIRECT began more than two decades ago. Our objective was to give hobbyist’s the ability to purchase quality products at a reasonable cost. Our parent company, UltraLife Reef Products, has been manufacturing innovative, high-quality products for aquariums and ponds for over 25 years and has become one of the top manufacturers in the industry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.babykingdom.com.sg/products/babyone-foldable-playmat", "date": "2024-02-23T00:03:33Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473871.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222225655-20240223015655-00724.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9218728542327881, "token_count": 230, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__134754279", "lang": "en", "text": "This foldable mat is made using the highest quality and environmentally friendly PE materials to make game mats, PE materials are generally used in the manufacture of mineral water bottles, absolutely safe. Play pads have been verified by SGS to be non-toxic and free of any harmful substances, including arsenic, vanadium, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, palladium, and selenium. 100% safe for infants. The play pad is 11 mm thick, providing a good cushion for the baby, as well as upholstery support protection for fun in a comfortable and safe place. The play pad is durable, non-slip, non-heat transfer, waterproof, and easy to clean, as long as needed to wipe the surface with a damp cloth. Its lovely and colorful design helps stimulate the imagination of the small head and develop creativity.\nPlay Mat Size：200cm*140cm*11mm\nFold Up Size：70cm*40cm*10cm\nMaterial: Polyethylene pearl cotton (inner layer) / wire type low-density polyethylene film (surface).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://keyshot.cadsoftwaredirect.com/webinar-whats-new-in-keyshot-8/", "date": "2023-11-29T22:32:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100146.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129204528-20231129234528-00002.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8888149261474609, "token_count": 105, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__124495129", "lang": "en", "text": "What’s New in KeyShot 8\nThursday, October 4th, 2018 10:00 AM – 11:00 AM PDT (18:00 PM – 19:00PM BST)\nKeyShot 8 is here! See the new features like displacement mapping, materials with embedded flakes and bubbles, volumetric materials including volume caustics, liquid interfaces, interactive cutaways, interactive image colour and intensity curve adjustments, material ways for advanced product configurations, and much more. Space is limited, so register quickly.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://kr118274609.fm.alibaba.com/product/114198636-0/Titanium_Dioxide_Rutile_R1930.html", "date": "2018-06-24T10:28:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267866932.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624102433-20180624122433-00027.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7370755076408386, "token_count": 293, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__165117328", "lang": "en", "text": "ommodity: Titanium Dioxide Chemical Formula: TiO2 CAS No: 13463-67-7 Appearance: White Powder\nSpecification of Rutile titanium dioxide: M/m TiO2 content% >= 94 Tint reducing power European unit >= 180 Whiteness % >= 97.0 Dispersibility <= 12 Oil absorption g/100g <= 20 105oC Moisture % <= 0.75 Specific resistance cm >= 9000 Solution in water % <= 0.3 Residue(45\\m) <= 0.01 pH value 6.5-8.0 Rutile content % >= 98.0\nSpecification of Anatase titanium dioxide: M/m TiO2 content% >= 98 Tint reducing power European unit >= 100 Whiteness % >= - Dispersibility <= - Oil absorption g/100g <= 26 105oC Moisture % <= - Specific resistance cm >= - Solution in water % <= 0.5 Residue(45\\m) <= 0.1 pH value 6.5-8.0\nProperties: White powder, insoluble in water, soluble in hot and concentrated strong acid and alkali, having the good chemical stability; It has strong achromatic power, covering power, with excellent properties of pigment.\nApplications: Widely used in painting, printing oil, paper making, plastic, rubber, artificial fiber, welding electric, enamel, electric appliances and construction material etc", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://testing.flashforge-usa.com/creator-pro/", "date": "2017-09-23T05:36:17Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689490.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923052100-20170923072100-00531.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8687525987625122, "token_count": 167, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__71774820", "lang": "en", "text": "Meet Creator Pro.\nIt’s the newest flagship from Flashforge – fully customizable and compatible with your favorite 3D slicing software. The upgraded build platform is now metal, which provides maximum resistance against deforming at high temperatures. The all-new print bed calibration system makes leveling up to twice as fast too. Together with a 7-millimeter thick aluminum print bed, Creator Pro makes printing and leveling a breeze. Durable metal chassis minimizes vibration during high print speeds. And the enclosed case makes Creator Pro the ideal build environment for ABS. Creator Pro is also optimized for PLA, soluble PVA and HIPS, and more. A layer height of 100 to 500 microns lets you choose the build quality, whether it’s for a fast draft or the final product. Creator Pro makes the impossible, possible.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://boxlab-services.com/en/industry-news/akkugrain-the-miracle-product-in-battery-transport/", "date": "2023-10-01T08:18:16Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510810.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001073649-20231001103649-00846.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9488083720207214, "token_count": 554, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__304606547", "lang": "en", "text": "June 27, 2023\nIndustry News, Products, Tips & Tricks,\nIt is not uncommon for individual cells in the batteries to heat up, start to burn and thus cause other cells to burn. The fire can then no longer be stopped, and extinguishing it with water no longer works. You have to wait until the battery has burned down completely.\nThe company Dolav developed a transport box in which batteries can be transported safely and which also withstands the conditions that occur in the event of a fire. We now want to take a closer look at this transport box.\nSo the idea of creating a way to withstand the stresses of a battery fire was obvious.\nSo Dolav, together with experienced scientists, created AkkuGrain®, an interactive granulate that only becomes active when it is needed due to heat generation or the release of acidic, alkaline or other hazardous substances.\nIn the event of thermal runaway (overheating of a battery cell by a self-reinforcing heat-producing process), the fleece of the AkkuGrain® bags melts and the granulate spreads in the plastic box. The heat generation releases water vapour, which is bound as water in the AkkuGrain® granulate in its crystallised state.\nThe Thermal Runaway is not extinguished, but cooled down considerably. While temperatures of 1000°C can easily be reached in a battery fire, AkkuGrain® cools the Thermal Runaway down to about 340°C to prevent the fire from spreading further inside or outside the box. This strong cooling down has the effect that the temperature on the outside of the plastic box is only about 25°C.\nThe oxygen content inside the box is reduced to 8%, so there is no longer a risk of explosion. Toxic gases that are produced when the battery burns down are filtered and remain below the legally defined limit of the EU when emitted. Another advantage is that the AkkuGrain® can be reused as often as desired after transport without thermal runaway. However, damaged fleece bags caused by sharp objects must be replaced.\nAkkuGrain® Bag [S] (500 x 300 mm)\nAkkuGrain® Bag [M] (500 x 600 mm)\nAkkuGrain® Bag [L] (600 x 1000 mm)\nThe plastic box is available in various standard sizes, such as the Euro pallet size or, at 3 metres by 2 metres, the largest plastic box. Together with their partner DryFireCon, a container was developed that can even accommodate electric cars, whose fire can also be contained by the AkkuGrain® in the event of a thermal runaway.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ccsw.lu.lv/index.php/en/main-2/", "date": "2023-12-06T13:24:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100599.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206130723-20231206160723-00728.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.88343346118927, "token_count": 337, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__12899478", "lang": "en", "text": "Project: Innovation of the waste-to-energy concept for the low-carbon economy: Development of novel carbon capture technology for thermochemical processing of municipal solid waste (Carbon Capture and Storage from Waste – CCSW)\nProject number: 18.104.22.168/19/A/013\nThe overarching aim of the project is to expand the knowledge base of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) treatment in an approach that integrates the CCS within the Waste to Energy (WtE) concept. Thus, the project intent is to develop a novel approach of Carbon Capture and Storage from Waste (CCSW).\nProject applicant: University of Latvia\nCooperation institution: CFCA\nDescription of the Project\nIn accordance to this concept, the aim of the project is to expand upon the previously researched refuse derived fuel (RDF) thermochemical processing (gasification) technology by\n- evaluating, studying and adapting the most technologically and\n- economically feasible approach of pre-combustion carbon capture; and by developing a pilot scale facility with the aim to demonstrate its potential for CCSW to offer the industry an innovative solution for municipal solid waste processing.\nThe project activities and outcomes are directly related to the applied research in energy production sector and other economic fields such as public services, chemical production and others. It directly supports the targets of Latvia’s National Smart Specialization (RIS3) strategy “Smart energy” and its related areas “Smart materials, technologies and engineering systems” and “Knowledge-intensive bio-economics” of the same strategy.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.botanocap.com/en/micro-encapsulation-technology/background", "date": "2018-08-19T17:08:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215261.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819165038-20180819185038-00390.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9132891297340393, "token_count": 350, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__88207846", "lang": "en", "text": "BotanoCap's technology consists of proprietary micro-encapsulation that enables the slow release of volatile compounds, such as essential oils. BotanoCap has full control over the particle size and the release profile of the encapsulated compound.\nThe essence of micro-encapsulation by a membrane envelope is to isolate an active agent from the environment, stabilize it and control its release rate.\nNumerous volatile compounds extracted from plants have demonstrated biological efficacy, such as inhibition of fungal activity. By overcoming the difficulty of encapsulating volatile compounds, BotanoCap's technology technology facilitates the use of these active compounds for a wide range of applications.\nNano size microcapsules:\nIn addition to micron-size microcapsules, BotanoCap can form novel nano-size microcapsules that can be added to products without affecting their clarity. These nano-size microcapsules have many applications, such as:\n- Controlled release of fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics\n- Flavor control food additives\n- Odorless antioxidants from natural sources\n- Aroma modification\n- Preservatives to extend shelf life\nGreen biocides and repellants that are viable alternatives to toxic and environmentally damaging synthetic chemicals.\n- Extending shelf life of processed food\n- Odorless food additives, such as fish anti-oxidants without odor.\nFor the control of insects, insect larvae and other pests.\nFor the controlled release of additives such perfumes, preservatives, and skin anti-oxidants.\nSuch as disinfection materials or controlled-release skin patches of essential oils.\nBotanoCap's technology is protected by patents covering the composition of compounds, the process of preparation and applications.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.mostpowertools.com/best-8-diamond-saw-blades/", "date": "2017-11-18T06:29:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804666.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118055757-20171118075757-00564.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8645235300064087, "token_count": 1369, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-47__0__225333216", "lang": "en", "text": "Are you looking to buy a 8-inch diamond saw blade?\nDiscover the 11 best 8-inch diamond saw blades available on the market now:\n1. MK Diamond 153694 MK303 Wet Cutting Lapidary Diamond Blade, 8-Inch\nMK Diamond 153694 MK-303 8 by 0.032 by 5/8 inch continuous rim is a lapidary blade. It is professional grade. The It has been designed for cutting rare and valuable materials when waste needs to be held to a minimum and speed of cut is essential. It produces smoother cuts, lasts longer and cuts faster than notched rim or plated diamond blades. Designed for use with a water soluble coolant. Blades 16 inch and larger have segmented rims.\n2. MK Diamond 158435 MK-225 8-Inch Hot Dog Premium Thin-Rim Blade\nMK Diamond 158435 MK-225 8” diameter by 0.050 width by 5/8” arbor premium grade thin-rim wet cutting blades are engineered for cutting porcelain and vitreous tile. Thin kerf is designed to cut very hard porcelain tile without chipping expensive material. Heat relief slots prevent heat build-up, which keeps blade from warping, which provides for cool running for straight, precise cuts. As a bonus, this blade is also very good for cutting granite as well as ceramic tile.\n3. MK Diamond 166067 MK-301 Gemking 8-Inch Lapidary Wet Cutting Diamond Blade\nMK Diamond 166067 MK-301 Gemking Lapidary 8” diameter by 0.040” width by 5/8” arbor is a wet cutting blade and has been redesigned with a greater diamond concentration for faster cutting. The carbon steel core provides for better tension memory and the solid diamond sintered kerf provides superior cutting performance and improved coolant flow. It is engineered for excellent service when cutting hard materials such as agate, petrified wood and jade.\n4. DEWALT DW4767L 8-Inch Ceramic Tile Blade\nExtended performance diamond matrix provides long life and enhanced material cutting. Ideally used on thinner and softer masonry materials. Premium XP2 and XP4 cutting matrix means XP2 gives 2 x’s the life of standard blades, XP4 gives 4x’s the life of standard blades. They designed specifically for high power tile saws, allowing quick, free, low heat and straight cutting.\n5. QEP 6-8008BW 8-Inch Black Widow Micro-Segmented Rim Diamond Blade, 5/8-Inch Arbor, Wet Cutting, 7640 Maximum RPM\nThey are designed for quick cutting of hard tile including porcelain, ceramic, granite and marble, without wobble or chipping. Independent lab test results have proven that Black Widow specialty blades continuously out perform the competition in durability for a longer life and speed of cut, reducing project time. Premium-grade, thin-rim diamond blade for fast wet cutting of porcelain, ceramic, granite and marble tile. Ideal for high speed cutting of hard masonry tile. Unique diamond-shaped laser cutouts prevent blade wobble and keeps blade cooler for a longer life. 7mm rim height for a longer life and for increased cutting contact with the blade.\n6. Concord Blades LGP080D10HP 8 Inch Laser Segmented Diamond Blade\n8 inches laser segmented diamond blade with 10 mm segment height for concrete, reinforced concrete, hard brick, light and heavy weight block, pavers, roof tile, natural stone and more. This general purpose segmented blade is designed with high diamond concentration to provide superior blade life and maximum cutting performance on a wide variety of materials. This blade can be used on an angle grinder, circular saw, masonry saw, gas cut-off saw and up to 20 hp walk behind concrete flat saw (depending on the size of the blade). This laser welded blade can be used wet or dry.\n7. QEP 6-8003Q 8-Inch Continuous Rim Blade\nPremium blade for wet or dry cutting of ceramic, porcelain and marble tile. Use for wet ceramic, porcelain and marble. Rim height: 7mm, blade width: 0.060, arbor size: 5/8-inch, max rpm: 7640.\n8. Bosch DB843S 8-Inch Continuous Rim Diamond Blade\nQuality industrial grade diamonds and easy-to-use color coding system. Applications include cutting in ceramic, slate. For use in tile saw. 5/8” arbor. Designed for clean cuts in most tile materials. Tensioned steel core for stability. Consistent diamond content and even distribution.\n9. Concord Blades CTW080D10HP 8 Inch Continuous Wide Turbo Teeth Diamond Blade with Cooling Holes\n8” continuous rim wide turbo teeth diamond blade with cooling holes and 10 mm segment height on the blade for a fast, smooth, quick cutting of concrete, brick, light weight block, pavers, field stone and masonry material. This general purpose continuous rim turbo blade has wide turbo teeth for fast smooth cutting with less chipping at a low initial cost on a wide variety of materials. A heat treated steel core with cooling holes provides extreme blade strength for a deep cut and fast cooling. Can be used wet or dry on an angle grinder, circular saw, masonry saw and gas cut-off saw.\n10. Concord Blades CRS080D10HP 8 Inch Continuous Rim Diamond Tile Blade\n8 inches ceramic, glass & porcelain tile -continuous rim diamond blade is a premium quality, continuous rim tile blade that utilizes special grade diamonds for smooth cutting. This blade is used to cut ceramic tile, porcelain tile, granite tile, marble tile, quarry tile, stone tile and marble & granite tile. This segment height exceeds most tile blades offered, giving the blade a longer usage and better cut. Use this blade wet only and with an angle grinder, circular saw, wet tile saw or a wet stone saw.\n11. Concord Blades SSB080D08HP 8 Inch General Purpose Premium Segmented Diamond Blade\nThis general purpose segmented blade is for fast cutting at a low initial cost on a wide variety of materials. A heat treated steel core provides extreme blade strength for a deep cut. Ideal for cutting concrete, brick, light weight block, pavers, field stone, and masonry materials either wet of dry. Can be used on high speed angle grinders, circular saws, masonry saws and gas cut-off saws.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.abebrakes.com/en/offer/brake-drums-and-brake-shoes/", "date": "2023-12-05T22:28:47Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100568.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205204654-20231205234654-00139.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9767250418663025, "token_count": 113, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__115736406", "lang": "en", "text": "Brake drums are used on the rear axles of smaller vehicles and commercial vehicles. They are also used as a parking brake. In larger passenger cars, they are also used as a combination of a brake drum and a brake disc, the so-called disc-drum, where brake shoes mounted inside the disc are responsible for the parking brake.\nThe ABE brake drums are cast from the highest quality cast iron according to valid OE standards. The production process ensures that the drums are resistant to deformation, which translates into product durability and comfort of use.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://techcaption.com/researchers-japan-developed-glass-can-heal/", "date": "2024-04-16T20:00:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817106.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416191221-20240416221221-00651.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9657651782035828, "token_count": 345, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__173652263", "lang": "en", "text": "Researchers In Japan Have Developed Glass That Can Heal Itself: If we talk about smartphones, the display is what comes first in our mind. Unbreakable and stretchable screens are always been in the news. So, what do you think? An unbreakable screen would be a reality?\nRecently, a group of Japanese researchers has found a way to make a screen that can heal itself. Basically, researchers have found a new type of material that is similar to glass, but, it can regenerate itself in case of damages.\nThe material discovered by researchers is known as ‘Polyether-thioureas’. The group of researchers has published detail reports regarding Polyether-thioureas in the Journal Science.\nAccording to the reports from The Guardian, a big thanks goes to Yu Yanagisawa, a student at the University of Tokyo, who is also a team member of the study, was preparing a material to use it as a natural glue and he realized that all the broken pieces of glass were gathered together.\nMoreover, the material also conducts electricity, so it would be ideal for use in electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The Polyether thiourea can heal itself when the broken pieces are pressed together and having pressure applied to it.\nSo far we have just seen self-healing material that can heal itself from minor scratches. However, the new material seems that it works with completely broken pieces. Just imagine, your phone screen shatters into pieces and pressing it together will fix it.\nSo, the project looks pretty cool, right? However, there is still no final date fixed for this new material to avail in the market.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://nstarglobalservices.com/nstar-news/scientists-craft-atomically-seamless-thinnest-possible-semiconductor-junctions/", "date": "2023-06-02T17:52:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648850.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602172755-20230602202755-00651.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9009844660758972, "token_count": 123, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__303614155", "lang": "en", "text": "Scientists Craft Atomically Seamless, Thinnest-possible Semiconductor Junctions\nAugust 27, 2014\nScientists have developed what they believe is the thinnest-possible semiconductor, a new class of nanoscale materials made in sheets only three atoms thick.\nThe University of Washington researchers have demonstrated that two of these single-layer semiconductor materials can be connected in an atomically seamless fashion known as a heterojunction. This result could be the basis for next-generation flexible and transparent computing, better light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, and solar technologies.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://miningwearparts.com.au/products/crusher-maganese/", "date": "2021-09-27T19:13:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058467.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927181724-20210927211724-00216.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8527128100395203, "token_count": 378, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__195238309", "lang": "en", "text": "Our manganese products are subject to the highest quality checks and come fully warranted for peace of mind. Liners are painted specific colours and have cast identification numbers to indicate the materials used.\nWe stock a range of manganese steel grades;\n• 14% Standard Grade\n• 18% High Performance Grade\n• 22% Ultimate Performance\nOur line of manganese products are built and proven to optimise crusher performance. Whether it be providing standard OEM profiles in our range of manganese grades or by designing cavities to suit customer’s needs, MWP can help achieve your desired outcomes through supply or our\nliner development program.\nWith a huge range of parts to suit most makes and models, such as but not limited to; Terex, Jaques, Pegson, Cedarapids, Finlay, Metso, Sandvik, Raptor, Patriot, Kue Ken, Minyu, Trio, Symons, Nordberg, Lokomo, Goodwin, Telsmith, KPI-JCI, Striker, Hazemag, Kodiak, Kawasaki, Allis Chalmers, Vickers.\nCeramic Metallic Inserts\nMWP provide CMI inserts for a range of high abrasive wear applications to provide customers increased equipment availability reduced operational costs and reducing unexpected change outs. CMI inserts provide an enhanced high wear zone to increase and maximise usable wear life. MWP can tailor products to suit customers specifications. Our CMI inserts are available in 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, and 80mm depths.\n- Jaw crusher wear parts\n- Cone crusher wear parts\n- Horizontal shaft impactor\n- Blow bars and impactors\n- Horizontal shaft impactor liners\n- Hammermill hammers\n- Hammermill breaker blocks\n- Clinker breaker hammers", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://masticshirleychamber.org/member/regent-tek-industries-inc/", "date": "2024-02-26T08:47:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474653.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226062606-20240226092606-00688.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9036075472831726, "token_count": 176, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__125347205", "lang": "en", "text": "Regent Tek Industries Inc. is an innovative and technologically advanced thermoplastic road marking manufacturer in the Northeast United States. With the present need for road marking materials growing and the supply of thermoplastic limited to a handful of manufacturers, the principals of Regent Tek Industries felt the need to build a manufacturing plant to specifically supply the northern states with a product far superior in quality and sustainability than the current products on the market today. With innovative thermoplastic formulas developed in Europe and specially formulated for northern climates, Regent Tek’s thermoplastic products are superior in quality, consistency, and reliability.\nRegent Tek Industries, Inc.\n- Contact: Helen Torkos\n- Website: https://www.regenttek.com/\n- Phone: (516) 888-0878\n202 Mastic Blvd East, Shirley, NY 11967", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://icecat.lv/lv/p/hp/q1745a/tintes-printeru-pap-rs-Q1745A-2136.html", "date": "2017-10-19T20:01:48Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823462.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019194011-20171019214011-00347.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7325980067253113, "token_count": 235, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-43__0__59101553", "lang": "en", "text": "HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric, 914 mm x 10 m (36 in x 33 ft), 110 g/m²\n- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric delivers high quality print results with brilliant, vivid colours. It has a unique fabric look and feel, which adds movement to banners and distinction to window displays.\n- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric is suitable for UV or dye-based inks and for most large format printers. The material is fixed on a paper release liner for stable transport in the printer.\n- HP Paper-backed Polyester Fabric is a durable tear- and smudge-proof material. 100% polyester, knitted for the highest-quality look and feel.\nHP Q1745A. Lentes beigas: Matēts, Kodola diametrs: 5,08 cm. Iepakojuma svars: 2,9 kg. Daudzums uz paletes: 42 pcs, Dimensijas (WxDxH): 950 x 127 x 127 mm, Maksimālais ruļļa garums: 10 m", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://journal.kcsnet.or.kr/main/j_datafile/jkcs/dh23n5/xml/jkcs-67-339.html", "date": "2023-12-11T12:03:45Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679511159.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211112008-20231211142008-00453.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8843339085578918, "token_count": 6550, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__105735570", "lang": "en", "text": "Journal ID (publisher-id): chemical\nTitle: Journal of the Korean Chemical Society\nTranslated Title (ko): 대한화학회지\nISSN (print): 1017-2548\nISSN (electronic): 2234-8530\nPublisher: Korean Chemical Society대한화학회\nThe analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) holds significant importance in a wide range of fields. H2O2 serves as a commonly employed oxidizing agent, making it an essential mediator in the realms of biology, food, medicine, industry, and the environment.1-2 Methods such as chemiluminescence,3 fluorescence,4 spectrophotometry,5 and electrochemical techniques have been reported for the accurate detection of H2O2 concentration. The accuracy of the detection of H2O2 has been increased with the development of detection techniques for each area, and the electrochemical sensors in particular play more important roles because they have operational simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, and suitability for real-time detection.6\nHere, Prussian blue (PB) having an open, zeolite-like structure is well known as the prototype of polynuclear transition-metal hexacyanometalates.7 Due to the structure of PB, large molecules cannot penetrate into the lattice whereas small molecules such as H2O2 can be.8 PB exhibits electrochemical,9-10 electrochromic,11-12 photophysical,13 and magnetic properties.14-15 In particular, the electrocatalytic property of PB enables the potential development of electrochemical sensors using the PB-modified electrode.16-17 Consequently, the pursuit of a reliable H2O2 detection method using PB complexes as catalysts has gained significant attention.18-20\nTo improve the sensitivity and stability of PB-based electrochemical sensors, several methods have been suggested to synthesize PB nanoparticles (PBNPs) over a range of sizes and shapes by chemical processes such as reverse micelles,24 ionic liquids,25-26 mesoporous silicate,27 and polymer beads as mediums or templates.28 Furthermore, the synthesis of PBNPs using functionalized organic polymers has been widely studied. These polymers provide the chemical and spatial environment, allowing for the stable construction of particles. They also help to form a colloid and prevent the solution from aggregation.29-31 Research on conductive polymers has continued owing to their excellent physicochemical properties resulting from their unique π-conjugated system32 which provides a powerful platform for sensing applications and a variety of functions from the polymers.\nPoly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) is one of the most studied multifunctional poly-arylamines owing to the characteristics of the enhanced redox activity by the presence of amino groups in its chain of PpPD. Because of the low conductivity of PpPD, the use of a conductive inorganic material such as carbon nanotubes,33 noble metals,34 or nanoparticles35 has been studied to make PpPD available for electrolysis or electrochemical sensors. In particular, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which are composed of π-conjugated networks, have high electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and large surface area, and thus the advantage of easy functionalization or the manipulation of their surface properties.36-37\nIn this study, MWCNTs coated with PpPD conductive polymer based on the PBNPs were proposed for the development of an electrochemical H2O2 sensor. The MWCNTs@PpPD was synthesized by simply coating PpPD on MWCNTs and used to form the PBNPs with PB precursors in an acidic solution. The composite maintained good electrical conductivity even wrapped PpPD on MWCNTs and formed stable PBNPs to the strong electrical catalyst for H2O2. This system displayed suitable linear range, low detection limit, and high sensitivity. In addition, it showed high selectivity to ignore interfering species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and L-cysteine.\nMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 95% purity, diameter 10–15 nm) were purchased from ILJIN Nanotech Co. (Korea). L-cysteine was purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemical Co. (Japan). Ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, APS, ≥98.0%), p-phenylenediamine (C6H8N2, pPD, ≥99.0%), potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6, 99+%), potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe(CN)6, 99%), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3, 97%), potassium chloride (KCl), acetic acid (99.7 wt% in H2O), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt% in H2O), Nafion (~5% in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water), ascorbic acid, uric acid, and glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (USA). All the chemicals were used without further purification. All the solutions were prepared with deionized water (DIW) obtained from an ultra-pure water purification system (Human Co., Korea) with a resistivity of not less than 18.2 MΩ cm. All the measurements were carried out at room temperature.\nThe surface morphology of composites was characterized by field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM, JEOL JEM-F200, Japan). TEM samples were prepared by placing a drop of the dispersion on a carbon-coated copper grid. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) analyses were performed using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 2000 FT-IR spectrometer in the range from 400 to 4000 cm-1 with a KBr pellet. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a New D8 advance diffractometer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed using a CHI 760B electrochemical analyzer (CH Instrument, Inc., USA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry were performed using a CHI 842B electrochemical analyzer (CH Instrument, Inc., USA) with the conventional three-electrode system. A bare or modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE, d = 3.0 mm) was used as the working electrode. A platinum (Pt) electrode served as the auxiliary electrode, and a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode filled with 3 M KCl served as the reference electrode. All ultrasonic cleaning was performed using a US-2510 Ultrasonic Cleaner (Branson, USA). Before each electrochemical measurement, solutions were thoroughly deoxygenated by bubbling N2 gas through the solution for at least 10 min to remove the dissolved oxygen.\n2.0 mg of Pristine MWCNTs were added to 17.6 mL of DIW and well dispersed by a 30 min sonication. To this solution, 2.0 mL of 0.1 M pPD and 0.4 mL of 0.1 M APS were added at room temperature under vigorous magnetic stirring for 24 hours. The dark purple solution was carefully filtered through a membrane filter and washed with DIW. The collected precipitate was dried overnight in an oven at 40℃. Finally, the product was dispersed in an acidic solution at pH 3.5.\n1 mM of K3Fe(CN)6 was added to 25 mL of 0.1 M KCl solution and adjusted to pH 2.7. To this solution, 0.8 mL of dispersed MWCNTs@PpPD solution was added under magnetic stirring for 5 min. 25 mL of 1 mM FeCl3 was added slowly to this mixture with continuous stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, 2 μL of 30% H2O2 was added to the mixed solution. The color of this solution gradually changed from yellowish green to dark blue. After 3 hours, the obtained dispersion was filtered, rinsed with DIW several times, and finally redispersed in 10 mL of DIW.\nBefore modification, the glassy carbon electrode was polished to acquire a mirror-like surface with fine alumina powders (particle size: 0.3 μm and 0.05 μm) on a polishing pad. The electrode was cleaned and sonicated with DIW for 2 min, in sequence. After drying under a gentle stream of N2 gas, the modified electrode was prepared by dropping 8 μL of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB dispersion onto the purified GCE surface and dried in an oven at 40℃ for 2 hours. Then, 2 μL of Nafion (0.5%) was placed on the surface of the modified electrode, and it was dried again in an oven at 40℃ for 1 hour.\nFig. 1 shows the synthetic route for MWCMT@PpPD-PB. At first, pristine MWCNTs were dispersed in a neutral solution through sonication. pPD monomers were added to the solution, and APS was further added resulting in a dark-violet solution. And then, the solution containing MWCNTs@PpPD nanocomposite was added to an acidic solution containing K3Fe(CN)6, and FeCl3 was dripped very slowly. The snapshots of the products for each step are shown in Fig. S1.\nFig. 2 shows the XRD patterns and FE-TEM images of MWCNTs, MWCNTs@PpPD, and MWCNT@PpPD which suggests the morphologies and sizes of the as-synthesized nanocomposites. The peaks centered at 2θ values of 26.0° and 43.0° correspond to the (002) and (100) reflection planes of graphite from the MWCNTs, respectively.38 The diffraction pattern of the MWCNTs@PpPD nanofibers shows five big sharp peaks (marked as asterisk marks) and eight minor peaks between 2θ = 8-30°.39\nCompared to the XRD pattern of the MWCNTs@PpPD, the peaks of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB are observed at 2θ values of 17.5°, 24.8°, 35.3°, 39.6° and 43.7° correspond to the (200), (220), (400), (420), and (422) reflection planes, respectively.40 All the reflections can be indexed as a pure face-centered-cubic phase of Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3, which demonstrates the successful synthesis of PB on the modified MWCNTs. Furthermore, the average diameter of the PBNPs was ~15.4 nm, calculated by the Scherrer formula.41 It is analogous to the diameter of the PBNPs of MWCNTs@PpPD nanocomposite determined from the TEM images, which were measured at 10.2-17.5 nm.\nFig. S2 shows the FT-IR spectra of MWCNTs, MWCNTs @PpPD, and MWCNTs@PpPD-PB which investigate the chemical components of the as-synthesized samples. After the polymerization of pPD on the surface of MWCNTs, the characteristic absorption peaks of PpPD were observed. The broad absorption peaks located at 3444 cm-1 and the shoulder peak located at 3216 cm-1 could be because of the N–H stretching vibration of the –NH group in MWCNTs @PpPD. Furthermore, in another broad adsorption peak assigned approximately from 1650 to 1300 cm-1, the two strong peaks located at 1606 and 1545 cm-1 can be attributed to the C=N and C=C stretching vibration of the phenazine ring structure, respectively.42 The other peak located at 1494 cm-1 corresponds to the stretching of the benzene ring. The two small peaks at 1262 and 1208 cm-1 are assigned to the imine C=N stretching vibration of the benzoid and quinoid imine units (–C=N–)42, proving that PpPD was successfully polymerized on MWCNTs. Compared to the MWCNTs@PpPD, the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposite showed a strong absorption peak at 2083 cm-1 which is attributed to the C≡N stretching absorption band in the [Fe2+–CN–Fe3+] structure of PB. An absorption peak at 502 cm-1 was also observed, because of the formation of [Fe2+–CN–Fe3+] structure.\nThe inset in Fig. 3 is the Randles equivalent circuit model used for fitting the measurement data, where Rs for electrolyte resistance, Cdl for double-layer capacitance, Rct for electron transfer resistance, and Zw for Warburg impedance. Rct represents the electron-transfer-limited process at the electrode/electrolyte interface and is equal to the semicircle diameter in the Nyquist diagrams. It is measured in a background solution, containing 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]3- and 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]4- in 0.1 M KCl at the frequency range from 10 mHz to 100 kHz at 0.19 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).\nFig. 3 shows the impedance spectra represented as the Nyquist plots (Z′ vs Z\") for (a) bare GCE, (b) GCE/PB, (c) GCE/MWCNTs, (d) GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD, and (e) GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB. Rct of the bare GCE was 127.14 Ω with an almost straight tail line. When MWCNTs were cast on the GCE, Rct decreased to 42.66 Ω, indicating that the MWCNTs could prompt the charge transfer. Furthermore, when the GCE electrode surface was coated with PBNPs, Rct value increased considerably to 421.79 Ω, indicating that the PBNPs on the GCE obstructed the charge transfer of the electrochemical process at the electrode surface. After the MWCNTs@PpPD was dropped over the GCE, the diameter of the high-frequency semicircle was significantly reduced to 9.06 Ω as a Rct value. Rct value of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB was 42.43 Ω, which is greater than that of the MWCNTs@PpPD, indicating that PB interrupted the charge transfer. Note that GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB showed a steeper Warburg slope at low-frequency limit compared to others. This is due to the increased significance of chargetransfer resistance and double-layer capacitance as the frequency rises.43\nFig. 4(a) shows the CVs of the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs, GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD GCE/MWCNTs-PB, and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB in the absence of H2O2. The redox peaks were observed in the CVs of MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE, whereas no redox pair peaks were observed for the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD. Between the observed redox peaks, the peak current of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE was much larger than that of MWCNTs-PB modified GCE, probably because of the high electrical conductivity of the coated pPD polymer on the MWCNTs. After adding 5 mM H2O2, the CVs of the bare GCE, GCE/MWCNTs, and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD did not change (Fig. 4(b)). Meanwhile, the CVs of the MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs @PpPD-PB modified GCE show that the reduction peak significantly increased, but the oxidation peak decreased slightly. These results indicate the presence of PBNPs on the modified GCE.\nFig. 5 shows the CVs of GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB in N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl (pH 2.7) at different concentrations of H2O2. The cathodic peak current value increases with the increasing concentration of H2O2 because of the PB. Moreover, Fig. S3 shows that the reduction current of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB-modified GCE is about twice as high as that of the MWCNTs-PB-modified GCE.\nFig. 6 shows the correlation between the current and the scan rate. The electrochemical effect of the scan rate on the electrocatalytic H2O2 cathodic current was investigated to evaluate the kinetics of the electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized MWCNTs nanocomposites. The cathodic peak currents increased linearly in proportion to the square root of the scan rate with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 as the scan rate was increased from 10 to 200 mV/s (Fig. S4). This result signifies that the process of electrocatalytic reaction is diffusion-controlled.\nFig. 7 shows the comparative amperometric response of GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB for successive sensing of H2O2 into stirred N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl (pH 2.7) aqueous solution at an applied potential of +0.15 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The reduction current value showed a rapid response to the subsequent addition of H2O2 and quickly reached the 95% steady-state current, which was less than 2 sec. In the MWCNTs-PB modified GCE and the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB modified GCE, the current for both increased with the addition of H2O2, and cathodic current of the latter was greater than the former.\nThe amperometric response was unstable with the addition of H2O2 probably because of the weak interaction between the MWCNTs and the PBNPs. To solve this problem, the MWCNTs were effectively coated by PpPD and strongly attached to the PBNPs. Therefore, the modified electrode composed of the MWCNTs, PpPD, and PB showed a better response to the addition of H2O2.\nFig. S5 shows the calibration curve of the reduction peak currents versus the concentration of H2O2, which presents the linear response region of MWCNTs-PB and MWCNTs @PpPD-PB. MWCNTs@PpPD-PB shows a linear response range from 0.005 mM to 2.225 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992, and the sensitivity of the sensor was 583.6 μAmM-1cm-2, which was much higher than that of a previous study estimated from GCE/MWCNTs-PB and GCE/MWCNTs/Ppy/PB.44-45 Moreover, the limit of detection of GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB was calculated as 0.95 μM with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.\nTable 1 summarizes the electrochemical characteristics of various modified electrodes containing PB for sensing H2O2, indicating that GCE/MWCNTs@PpPD-PB has a high sensitivity and a wide linear range in comparison to those of other reported modified electrodes, proving improved electrical conductivity and good stability.\n|Electrode||Linear range(mM)||Sensitivity(μA/(mMcm2))||Limit of detection(μM)||Applied potential(V)||Ref.|\nAn amperometric measurement was performed to assess the selectivity of the as-synthesized sensor. Fig. 8 shows that the current generated in the presence of 0.1 mM of interfering substances, such as citric acid, ascorbic acid, and L-cysteine. These interfering substances could be ignored relative to the current attributed solely to 0.1 mM H2O2 in N2-saturated 0.1 M KCl solution (pH 2.7) at an applied potential of 0.15 V, indicating that this sensor possessed an excellent anti-interference capacity.\nThe reproducibility was investigated by the CV experiments on five modified electrodes under the same condition, showing excellent performance as evidenced by a relative standard deviation (R.S.D) of 2.5%. Fig. S6 shows the stability examined by monitoring the current response in 1 mM H2O2 solution after effectively cycling the modified electrode. After 50 cycles, the reduction of the electrode signal was only 2.6%, and after 50 additional cycles, the loss of signal reached only 2.9%. To determine the life span of the prepared sensor, the as-synthesized electrodes were stored in a refrigerator at 4℃, and the electrode signal decreased to only 97.1% of its original peak current in 1 mM H2O2 after 20 days. In brief, MWCNTs@PpPD-PB on the GCE showed excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. The current response becomes stable in less than 2 sec, which indicates the rapid response of the MWCNTs@PpPD-PB on the GCE towards H2O2.\nThe performance of MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposites on the GCE was analyzed by applying it to the determination of H2O2 present in the household disinfectant. Using amperometry measurement to obtain the response of the household disinfectant, the experiment was conducted under the same conditions as the conventional amperometry experimental conditions. The exact H2O2 concentration in the household disinfectant was measured using the standard addition method.\nThe concentrations obtained by stepwise increasing the concentration and the R.S.D are listed in Table 2. The recoveries of H2O2 were found to be in the range of 95-100%, indicating that the modified electrode is suitable for real sample analyses.\nIn this study, an approach for simple fabrication of sensitive electrochemical detection of H2O2 was described based on MWCNTs@PpPD-PB nanocomposites. The MWCNTs@PpPD was easily synthesized without structural destruction of MWCNTs by PpPD coating. PpPD not only serves to ensure good dispersion of MWCNTs in the water but also increased the reduction currents of H2O2. This modified electrode showed a good electrocatalytic response for reduction of H2O2 in an acidic solution and showed good linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit, good reproducibility, and better stability. Finally, MWCNTs @PpPD-PB modified glassy carbon electrode was applied successfully to detect H2O2 in real samples as a sensor.\nPublication cost of this paper was supported by the Korean Chemical Society.\nM. Baghayeri E. N. Zare M. M. Lakouraj Biosens. Bioelectron.201455259 [CrossRef]\nY. Xue Y. Wang Z. Pan K. Sayama Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.20216010469 [CrossRef]\nS. Ye N. Hananya O. Green H. Chen A. Q. Zhao J. Shen D. Shabat D. Yang Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.20205914326 [CrossRef]\nW. Deng Y. Peng H. Yang Y. Tan M. Ma Q. Xie S. Chen Appl. Mater. Interfaces20191129072 [CrossRef]\nJ. Zou H. Cai D. Wang J. Xiao Z. Zhou B. Yuan Chemosphere2019224646 [CrossRef]\nA. Chen S. Chatterjee Chem. Soc. Rev.2013425425 [CrossRef]\nF. Ricci G. Palleschi Biosens. Bioelectron.200521389 [CrossRef]\nJ. Nai X. W. D. Lou Adv. Mater.201931e1706825 [CrossRef]\nM. A. Komkova A. Pasquarelli E. A. Andreev A. A. Galushin A. A. Karyakin Electrochim. Acta2020339135924 [CrossRef]\nM. Aller-Pellitero J. Fremeau R. 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{"url": "http://www.kitchensource.com/kitchen-sinks/sks-ks1119.htm", "date": "2013-05-22T17:27:30Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368702127714/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516110207-00082-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8254978060722351, "token_count": 403, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__189391037", "lang": "en", "text": "Dawn Sinks Bar Sink Series Stainless Steel Undermount Bar Sink\n- Bar series undermount sink\n- 18-gauge 304 series stainless steel\n- 18/10 Chrome-Nickel\n- Polished Satin finish\n- Sound-deadening undercoating pads\n- No-hassle limited warranty\n- Supplied with cutout template\n- Ideal for food preparation and cleaning cookware, dinnerware, kitchenware or tableware\n- Optional accessories: SKS-KS1120 Stainless Bottom Grid (sold separately)\n- Please Note: Handcrafted from a single panel of stainless steel\n304 Series Stainless Steel - Japanese premium grade of stainless steel considered to be the best formulation for residential sink manufacturing.\n16, 18 or 20 Gauge Stainless Steel -The lower the number of the gauge, the thicker the stainless steel.\n18/10 Chrome-Nickel - 18% chrome and 10% nickel. Chrome gives the stainless steel luster & durability, while the nickel is for hardness & strength.\nThis Stainless Steel Bar Sink by Dawn Sinks features a rounded rectangular shape and a Satin finish. The prep sink is shaped out of 18-gauge, 304 series stainless steel and is equipped with sound-deadening undercoating pads to minimize excess noise from dishes and glassware. The basin measures 11-3/4\" W x 15\" D, offering plenty of sink space for your bar area or kitchen island. A convenient cutout template is included to make installation of this sink as simple as possible.\nOverall: 13-3/4\" W x 17\" D x 7-1/8\" H\nSize of Basin: 11-3/4\" W x 15\" D\nShips via UPS/FedEx Ground\nan Aoife Company LLC Store\nAvenue, Stratford, CT 06615\nTel: (203) 374-5425\nFax: (203) 373-0810", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dailybulletin.org/mastering-post-processing-in-hp-multi-jet-fusion-3d-printing/", "date": "2024-04-14T14:35:09Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816879.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414130604-20240414160604-00691.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8496689200401306, "token_count": 612, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__133182437", "lang": "en", "text": "Post-processing is a critical stage in the HP Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) 3D printing process, significantly impacting the final part’s appearance and mechanical properties. Understanding the primary and secondary post-processing stages and their best practices is essential for achieving optimal results.\nPrimary Post-Processing – Cleaning:\nThe primary post-processing stage involves removing excess unfused material from the printed part’s surface, crucial for preserving the part’s look, feel, and dimensional accuracy.\nTechniques for Primary Post-Processing:\n- Bead Blasting: This involves propelling glass beads at high pressure against the part’s surface. Bead blasting provides a uniform “satin” finish and does not affect the part’s dimensional stability. Both manual and automatic bead blasting systems are used, with the latter allowing for simultaneous processing of multiple parts.\n- Air Blasting: Often used in combination with bead blasting, air blasting involves propelling a stream of compressed air onto the part’s surface. It helps remove any remaining powder material and blast media dust.\n- Water Jet Blasting: This technique uses a fluid mixture of compressed air and water to remove powder. It is especially effective for cleaning complex geometries or ducts and can slightly reduce surface roughness.\nConsiderations for Bead Blasting:\n- Blast Media: Glass beads (70–110 µm diameter) are recommended for MJF parts. They ensure no dimensional accuracy alteration and provide a more uniform surface.\n- Air Pressure: Adjust air pressure based on the blasting system (manual or automatic) and the part’s fragility.\n- Nozzle Diameter and Distance: The nozzle diameter and distance to the part significantly impact the cleaning effectiveness.\nWater Jet Blasting Advantages:\n- Complex Geometries Cleaning: Ideal for intricate parts due to different nozzle orientations.\n- Reduced Surface Roughness: Can achieve smoother finishes compared to traditional vibratory systems.\n- Dust-Free Environment: Eliminates the need for subsequent processing to remove blast media dust.\nSecondary Post-Processing: Cosmetic and Surface Roughness Reduction:\nSecondary post-processing includes techniques that provide cosmetic attributes or reduce surface roughness. These include dyeing, painting, vibratory tumbling, and chemical polishing.\nKey Factors in Secondary Post-Processing:\n- Dyeing and Painting: These methods can enhance the part’s visual appeal but may impact dimensional accuracy.\n- Surface Roughness Reduction: Techniques like vibratory tumbling or chemical polishing improve the part’s tactile feel and appearance.\nEffective post-processing in HP Multi Jet Fusion printing requires a strategic approach, considering the part’s application, material, and desired properties. By meticulously applying primary and secondary post-processing techniques, manufacturers can significantly enhance the quality of their 3D printed parts, ensuring they meet both functional and aesthetic requirements.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://astrodentalart.com/crowns-bridges/", "date": "2023-12-02T01:44:02Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100309.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202010506-20231202040506-00836.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9112167358398438, "token_count": 1439, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-50", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__218817801", "lang": "en", "text": "Crowns & Bridges\nTooth Restorations for All Cases\nCrowns and Bridges are amongst one of the most common dental fixtures required all over the world. At Astro Dental Art, we have a wide variety of Crowns & Bridges to suit both your budget and your aesthetic needs.\nAll-Ceramic Crowns & Bridges\nAll-Ceramic crowns and bridges are cosmetic dental restorations that are designed to either cap or completely cover a tooth that is being restored. It is the most natural-looking tooth replacement.\nTypes of All-Ceramic Crowns & Bridges\nThe Zirconia Solid all-ceramic crowns & bridges are monolithic and made purely from zirconia, and 100% metal-free.\nThe Zirconia HT is are highly translucent all-ceramic crowns & bridges that are much stronger than PFM products.\nThe Zirconia Layered all-ceramic crowns & bridges are extremely strong and designed for multi-unit bridges where the IPS e.max® is not suitable.\nWith versatility, reliability and longevity in mind, e.max® is unmatched in clinical success. With biocompatible lithium disilicate ingots, e.max® offers optimized esthetic properties, creating restorations that offer true-to-natural results.\nThe ultimate in metal-free esthetics and durability for both anterior and posterior applications. Provides unmatched strength (400 MPa flexural strength). Indicated for single-unit crowns and 3-unit anterior bridge cases (from 2nd bi-cuspid forward).\nEtching & Silanization\nEtching & Silanization is the process of creating an appropriate surface to bond the IPS e.max®. It is important as it helps the IPS e.max® attach to teeth more securely and therefore allows the IPS e.max® to have a longer lifespan. Astro Dental Art provides Etching and Silanization service for our clients. Call us at (403) 455-0300 for more information or to book an appointment.\nProcess of Etching & Silanization\nSTEP 1 – Buffered Hydrofluoric Acid Gel\nBisco’s Porcelain Etchant improves the adhesive bond between porcelain and cement by increasing the surface area of the porcelain to be bonded. The effect is similar to sandblasting but is more controlled and effective. Porcelain Etchant will microscopically roughen the feldspathic porcelain or glass surface. Bisco’s Porcelain Etchant is available in 2 concentrations: 4% or 9.5% (Hydrofluoric Acid Gel).\nSTEP 2 – 37% Phosphoric Acid Etchant with Benzalkonium Chloride\nEtch-37 w/BAC is a 37% phosphoric acid semi-gel etchant that is effective at quickly etching enamel and dentin. Etch-37 w/BAC is polymer-thickened and effectively removes the smear layer, etches and demineralizes enamel and dentin. It is easily manipulated into small areas such as endodontically treated root canals and undercuts. This makes it more versatile than some thicker gel etchants for etching all restorative surfaces. Published research proves that Bisco etchants produce higher bond strengths to (wet or dry) dentin1 and enamel.\n- Rinses away cleanly and quickly leaving no residue to interfere with bonding\n- Blue in color for easy visualization and contrast\n- Creates microretentive surface characteristics that are necessary for successful bonding.\n- New bulk syringe delivery system available\n- Contains benzalkonium chloride (BAC), an antimicrobial agent. In-vitro research shows it is effective against Actinomyces viscosus.\nSTEP 3 – Bis-Saline\nA two-part Silane coupling agent offering additional shelf-life stability to ensure long lasting effective bonding to porcelain.\nMinimal Prep Veneers – Feldspathic veneers have been made popular by patients for their non-invasive preparation requirements, and their ability to allow the existing tooth shades to shine through.\nThis hand-crafted veneer is created with artistry by use of a brush and glass-based powder mixed with liquid. This material is highly translucent and mimics natural dentition when applied properly. To fabricate feldspathic veneers, the technician hand paints the veneer layer by layer so contour and texture can be controlled and crafted. Then the veneer is baked on a foil tray to solidify. The results are a highly esthetic restoration that is ideal for anterior restorations where shape, texture, and natural-beauty are priorities.\nPorcelain Fused Metal Dental Crowns (PFM)\nPFM combines the strength of a metal coping with hand layered porcelain. The metal base gives off a natural-like hue from within that is complimented when porcelain is applied.\nA PFM crown has been known to leave the appearance of a dark line at the gums in some cases, and because of the core being comprised of metal, sometimes the quality of the metal is not up to standard. Thankfully you now have a choice of what type of PFM crown you would like to order. We can use standard metals, noble metals, or high noble metals which are precious alloys. It’s even possible now to combine the benefits of a metal structure with the digital technology of milling the base of the crown in a digital milling machine.\nTypes of PFM Dental Crowns\nThe White Hi-Noble PFM dental crowns have a lifespan of over 30 years if properly maintained with good oral hygiene practices.\nThe Yellow Hi-Noble PFM dental crowns are made with precious metal and have a lifespan of over 30 years.\nThe Semi-Precious PFM dental crowns are strong and durable and therefore have good marginal integrity.\nThe Non-Precious PFM dental crowns are strong, versatile, and durable and have a lifespan of over 60 years.\nFull Cast Crowns & Bridges\nFull Cast Crowns and Bridges have the potential to last a lifetime due to its durability. The restorations done on full cast crowns and bridges are often designed to fit perfectly, as the materials used offer great bio-compatibility, as well as are known to be extremely compatible with the human mouth (except in the case of alloy sensitivity).\nTypes of Full Cast Crowns & Bridge\nThe Semi-Precious full cast crown & bridge has characteristics that allows for long-term wear. With good oral hygiene, they can last for 30-40 years.\nThe Gold full cast crown & bridge is one of the most wear-friendly of dental materials of all time. It is extremely bio-compatible.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.reddish-joinery.co.uk/energy-efficient-timber-windows/", "date": "2024-04-22T13:29:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818293.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422113340-20240422143340-00465.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.943893551826477, "token_count": 340, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__6946745", "lang": "en", "text": "The energy efficiency of a home is becoming increasingly important to homeowners looking to reduce the cost of their heating bills. By making sure that you choose home improvement products that have excellent energy efficiency properties and values you can make a real saving on your bills.\nTimber: traditional material, modern manufacture\nTimber is one of the best materials to construct a window from if you want a product with increased levels of thermal performance and energy efficiency.\nAlthough traditional timber windows have attracted criticism in the past for their inefficient thermal retention properties, modern timber windows, thanks to their combination of traditional design and modern manufacture, are now incredibly energy efficient.\nAccoya wood for added insulation\nOur timber windows are made from Accoya wood, which is renowned for its excellent energy efficiency properties.\n,p>Accoya is an outstandingly durable, thermally efficient and eco-friendly, treated softwood that is created through the acetylation wood modification process for added energy efficiency. This type of wood is renowned for its thermal retention, which makes the ideal material from which to construct a window.\nTimber sash windows: truly energy efficient\nTraditional timber windows may have gained bad press in the past for being notoriously draughty and inefficient but modern manufacture means that timber windows are now some of the best thermal insulators around, making them great for making a home more energy efficiency.\nReddish Joinery: energy efficient timber windows\nReddish Joinery are specialists in the manufacture and installation of energy efficient timber windows. For more information about any of our products or services please give us a call on 0161 969 7474 or send us an email. We hope to hear from you soon!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hindimaster.in/introduction-to-chemicals-from-biomass/", "date": "2024-04-22T12:04:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818293.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422113340-20240422143340-00535.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8344168663024902, "token_count": 202, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__50086083", "lang": "en", "text": "Download Free PDF book on ” Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass ” by James Clark and Fabien Deswarte. Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, Second Edition presents an overview of the use of biorenewable resources in the 21st century for the manufacture of chemical products, materials and energy. The book demonstrates that biomass is essentially a rich mixture of chemicals and materials and, as such, has a tremendous potential as feedstock for making a wide range of chemicals and materials with applications in industries from pharmaceuticals to furniture.\n|Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass\n|James Clark and Fabien Deswarte\n|John Wiley & Sons, Ltd", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://slipakniven.com/product/cbn-wheel-160-grit-250-mm/", "date": "2024-04-14T02:27:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816863.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414002233-20240414032233-00588.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.904837429523468, "token_count": 265, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__62887669", "lang": "en", "text": "Our square edge #160 CBN wheel.\nWe’ve developed the #160 for sharpening very dull blades, and re-profiling bevels to a lower angle.\nIf you often repair dents, reprofile bevels, or do first-time sharpening for knifemakers, you will benefit to add the extra coarse #80 wheel to your inventory aswell for quick steel removal.\nWe recommend 2-3 strokes on each side of the knife on the #160 wheel after working with #80 grit.\nIt is also perfectly possible to grind on the side of the wheel if a completely flat grinding phase is desired.\nOur CBN wheels can be run with common running water from your house or workshop tap thanks to the special embedding technology. Note that if you run CBN wheels of other makers with water, the CBN coating may detach from their wheel base.\nCubic boron nitride (CBN) properties include extreme hardness, stability under heat, and superior chemical resistance.\nCubic boron nitride is the second-hardest known material on the planet (after diamonds), but has higher heat and impact resistance than diamonds, and therefore CBN is preferred over diamond in industrial applications.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://panzerglass.com/screen-protectors-cases/apple-iphone-screen-protectors/panzerglass-apple-iphone-xs-max-with-pg-case/", "date": "2019-04-19T12:31:56Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578527720.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20190419121234-20190419142043-00014.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8620936274528503, "token_count": 212, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__49135756", "lang": "en", "text": "PanzerGlass Apple iPhone Xs Max with PG Case\nPanzerGlass™ Standard Fit Apple iPhone Xs Max screen protector is made of flat tempered glass. It is reduced in size and covers the entire non-curving area of the device.\nThe shape of the screen protector is optimised to maximise protection while maintaining functionality and ease of use.\nAll edges are carefully rounded and polished and are coated with an anti-fingerprint layer to maintain and secure an excellent touch and feel from the original glass. It features an optimised adhesive and anti-shatter film.\nOur Cases are nontoxic, odorless, washable and eco-friendly. They are easy to install and ensure the high level of impact and scratch resistance known from other PanzerGlass products.\n- Original PanzerGlass™ tempered glass screen protector\n- Shock resistant (0.33- 0.4 mm glass)\n- Scratch resistant\n- Crystal Clear\n- Oleophobic layer (anti-bacterial + anti-fingerprint)\n- 100% touch preservation", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.kuka.com/en-at/products/process-technologies/automated-soldering", "date": "2024-04-19T17:25:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817442.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20240419172411-20240419202411-00879.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9040169715881348, "token_count": 262, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__167359157", "lang": "en", "text": "What is the technology behind the soldering process?\nSoldering is a thermal process for the bonded joining of materials. With the help of a soldering iron or laser, the required heat is provided for solid soldered joints and for melting the solder. This allows various components and materials – such as those made of nickel, copper, metal, steel, iron and aluminum – to be bonded together. A metal alloy that melts easily (called the solder) serves as the bonding material for the soldered joint. Soldering process equipment includes an automatic, programmable solder feeder and a variety of sensors for process monitoring. One special application is soldering in a vacuum or shielding gas. These processes are used to ensure that stringent cleanliness requirements are met, e.g. for semiconductor assembly or in the production of high vacuum systems or electron tubes.\nDistinction between two different soldering technologies:\n- In soft-soldering, the melting point of the solder is below a temperature of 450 °C – for example, in the electronics industry.\n- In hard-soldering, or brazing, the melting point of the solder is above a temperature of 450 °C – for example, for particularly strong joints in the automotive industry or in the photovoltaic and battery sectors.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.mgplimited.com/products/bi-folding-doors/", "date": "2023-03-25T05:23:59Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945315.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325033306-20230325063306-00097.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.939067006111145, "token_count": 189, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__200783274", "lang": "en", "text": "At MEE Glazed Products we supply and install Aluminium bi-folding doors. Aluminium bi-folding doors are a revolutionary product that has rapidly grown in popularity over the past ten years. Aluminium is undoubtedly the most suitable material for the manufacture of bi folding doors, it is both strong and lightweight, it will not contract or expand in extreme weather conditions, and it is almost maintenance free, plus aluminium can be powder coated to any colour.\nOur range of aluminium bi-folding doors can work very well for you in your home, in an office or store – which is why they’re extremely popular commercially and domestically.\nFor more information, or any questions about Aluminium bi-folding doors then you can contact us by telephone or email or you can call into our office and showroom and we’ll be more than happy to go through things with you and answer any questions you may have.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.dphotioultd.com/4d-nano-design", "date": "2024-03-02T14:47:44Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475825.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302120344-20240302150344-00419.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9246098399162292, "token_count": 198, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__26012827", "lang": "en", "text": "ADVANCED 4D-NANO DESIGN\nLow rolling resistance, outstanding safety and durability are the three main requirements that car tyres need to fulfil, both today and in the future. To drive progress in this area, the scientists and engineers at Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. conducted pioneering research into the molecular structure of tyres, using particle accelerators and advanced simulation computers. They succeeded in simulating and controlling the molecular structure of rubber compounds used for tyres at nano level; for example, they analysed where and how superfluous heat was generated in the tyre and how this development could be minimised. Heat means loss of energy for the tyre, and thus rolling resistance – which is ultimately responsible for fuel consumption. Advanced 4D-Nano Design technology is the result of these advanced findings in molecular structures. It enables savings in fuel consumption of up to five per cent to be achieved compared to conventional tyre models, and significantly improves the tyre’s performance in wet conditions.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://deatondesigns.com/2015/08/04/2-reasons-to-consider-clay-tile-roofing/", "date": "2018-09-20T05:05:13Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156416.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920041337-20180920061337-00485.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9578758478164673, "token_count": 486, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-39", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-39__0__98130757", "lang": "en", "text": "Clay roofing tiles have been used for centuries, mostly because they can provide a structure with a wide range of benefits and advantages. These types of roofing tiles are ideal for people looking for a tough and environmentally friendly roofing option.\nA clay roof is a great choice if you want to limit the amount of maintenance that you will have to perform. The reason for this is that clay roofing tiles are going to be able to last a lifetime, and are often more than capable of lasting much longer than the house they are installed on. In many cases, your clay roofing tiles will last for at least 100 years.\nAnother reason that clay roofing is a great choice for someone who wants a strong and durable roof is that clay is one of the most fire-resistant roofing materials available. This makes clay roofing tiles one of the best choices if you live in a very dry area where there is a risk of fire. In those areas, a fire that breaks out in your neighborhood will not be able to spread to your house as easily because the sparks and embers that a fire uses to spread from roof to roof will not be able to ignite your clay roofing tiles.\nIn addition, clay tiles are not at risk in wet climates where insects and moisture can destroy many other roofing materials. Clay roofing tiles do not have any materials that will cause rot, and insects are unable to bore into or eat the clay tiles.\nClay roofing tiles are also a great choice if you want to limit your home's energy usage and make your home more environmentally friendly. This is possible in the summer because the clay tiles will reflect light rather than absorb it. When a roof absorbs sunlight, your home heats up and will often lead to you using your air conditioner more often.\nAnother way that clay roofing tiles can keep your home cool is because of their shape. The shape of clay tiles allows air to flow above and below the tiles, which creates an additional insulating barrier that traps cool air in the home and keeps hot air out. In addition, this insulating barrier can help you keep your heating bills down by preventing cold air from entering the home and warm air from escaping.\nSpeak to a roofing contractor today in order to discuss whether clay tiles are right for your home. Clay tiles are a fantastic option that is both tough and great for the environment.Share", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.posworld.com/Barcode-Label-Printers/CognitiveTPG-Barcode-Label-Printers.htm", "date": "2015-04-21T19:03:03Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246643088.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045723-00195-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9039652347564697, "token_count": 167, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2015-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__143739137", "lang": "en", "text": "Direct thermal barcode printers require the use of heat activated thermal papers and films, but require no transfer ribbon. The print color is limited to black, unless special, preprinted direct thermal paper is used. The printing is not as crisp as that of thermal transfer ribbon printing, and over time the labels will darken. The main benefit is an overall lower cost, since ribbon is not required.\nThermal transfer barcode label printers require the use of a carbon ribbon which gets transferred onto the substrate via heat. The ribbons can be different colors, so you are not limited to printing only in black. The printing is very crisp and durable so this method is excellent for high density bar-codes and labels that require longevity. The other benefit is that thermal transfer printers can print on paper, film, and even foil substrates.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.soactivesofast.com/hip/about-aesculap-total-hip-solutions/plasmafit-pro-acetabular-system", "date": "2019-03-20T17:53:37Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202450.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320170159-20190320192159-00464.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9064714312553406, "token_count": 307, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-13", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__171859831", "lang": "en", "text": "Plasmafit PRO™ Acetabular System\nThe Plasmafit PRO Shell with Vitelene Liner Acetabular System is a two-piece system containing a metal shell and plastic liner. The system has been designed to provide long-term implant survivorship and offer a high-level of implant performance.\nThe Plasmafit PRO shell is inserted into the acetabulum of the hip and the Vitelene liner is inserted into the shell. The femoral head that is placed onto the hip stem engages the liner which recreate the ball and socket movement of the hip joint.\nPlasmafit PRO Shell with Vitelene Liner offer the following benefits to patients:\nImplant Long-Term Survivorship – The Plasmafit PRO shell design, along with the applied rough coating, combine to encourage the bone to fixate to the implant for long-term stability.\nHigh Performance – The Vitelene liner is made from polyethylene blended with Vitamin E. The polyethylene liner is subject to oxidation in the body. Oxidation can degrade the material, causing it to weaken. Vitamin E is a naturally occurring antioxidant substance that has been introduced into the liner to help ensure the process of oxidation is limited, thereby reducing the potential for degradation and maintaining the performance of the material for long-term use. The liner is then permitted to maintain as a smooth, hard material that can absorb the impact and stress from daily activities like walking and sitting to running and playing sports.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.daohuaxiangdami.cn/product/62555294574-808070401/Factory_OEM_Plastic_Polypropylene_Porous_PE_PES_PTFE_Powder_Fired_Sintered_Filter_Disc_Plate_Disk.html", "date": "2020-10-28T20:23:24Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107900860.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028191655-20201028221655-00411.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7275844812393188, "token_count": 753, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-45", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__192755334", "lang": "en", "text": "High density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter: 53x33x33cm, 68x42x42cm\n1 - 1000\n1001 - 5000\n5001 - 10000\nTo be negotiated\nFactory OEM Plastic Polypropylene Porous PE PES PTFE Powder Fired Sintered Filter Disc Plate Disk\nHigh density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter:\nOur company manufactures the ultra-high molecular polyethylene sintered filter, molecular weight is more than 3 million of sintering particles.Use a mould to use the pressure in the sintering furnace.Microporous materials are widely applied for treatment of waste gas and waste water because of their good price ratio. By adding functional materials of various kinds, active carbon for example, to conventional plastic raw materials, we can effectively remove substances harmful to the environment in gases and liquids, such as peculiar smell and organic matters etc. Potassium titanate whiskers, for example, can exchange the heavy metal ions contained in waste water, thus they have excellent performance in sewage treatment.\nVarious size PE/PTFE sintered filter\nCustomized services are avaiable, pls contact us to talk.\nWe will try our best to meet your demand.\nHigh density HDPE polyethylene sintering powder 30/50/75 microns pe sintered filter cartridge for oil/air /liquid/water filter\nFilter size and microns can be customized. Smaller size or bigger size !\nWaste water treatment\nA.Pharmaceutical Industry (1)Large infusion of water, pharmaceutical intermediates decarbonization filtration; fermentation broth, oral liquid (2)Powder activated carbon with decolorization filter(medicinal liquid glucose,antibiotics,synthetic medicine,preparation,Chinese herbal medicine liquid,etd.) (3)Injection liquid (4)Injection air filter (5)Injection washing bottle water (6)Medical liquor filtration\nB.Chemical Industry (1)Aluminum hydroxide filtering and washing (2)Palladium catalyst filtering and washing (3)Phosphor filtering and washing (4)Zinc carbonate filtering (5)Sodium carbonate solution filtration (6)Barium sulfate filtering and washing (7)Cadmium sulfide filtering and washing\nC.Chemical fiber & textile industry (1)Acid bath filtration (2)Sulfur and acrylic acid purification filtration (3)Silk water precifion filtration\nD.Light industry and food industry (1)Syrup filtration (2)Drink filtration (3)Wine and white spirit filtration (4)Vegetable oil precision filtration (5)Essential oil filtration (6)Mineral water filtration\nE.Machinery and Oil industry (1)Plating solution filtration (2)Internal combustion engine cleaning fluid precision filtration (3)Oil field washing filtration (4)Electrical industry ultra-pure water equipment\nF.Waste water treatment (1)Heavy mental hydroxide waste water treatment (2)Mix-ture heavy metals waste water treatment (3)Chemical waste water treatment (4)Ceramic waste water treatment (5)Aluminum-containing waste water treatment (6)Other waste water treatment", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hitraf.com/en/product/435/", "date": "2021-10-28T21:08:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588526.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20211028193601-20211028223601-00711.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9175239205360413, "token_count": 184, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-43", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-43__0__285533905", "lang": "en", "text": "Simple cracked wood with great performance\nJapa 435 is a firewood processor for professional use that produces quality firewood, uniform and clean, safely and without effort. It is suitable for soft and hard wood of all sizes. The hydraulic saw, with a bar of 20 inches, allows the entry of logs with a thickness of up to 43 cm.The machine is equipped with sensors that measure and control its operation in real time.\nThe model Japa 435 has the new patented cleaning system “Perfect Clean”, which removes dust and debris from the logs split by the vibration. Perfect Clean cleaning system is installed behind the cracking section, and uses a separate discharge conveyor belt independently to remove any residue.\n“Perfect Split”. The new cracking wedge ensures that the Japa 435 processor is always fast, efficient and easy to use, regardless of the hardness and diameter of the wood being processed.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://agti.biz/products/semiconductor-gases", "date": "2018-08-16T21:31:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211185.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20180816211126-20180816231126-00646.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.799579918384552, "token_count": 214, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__184450929", "lang": "en", "text": "Our semiconductor grade gases are used in applications ranging from propylene used in ashable hard mask, methane and carbon monoxide for etch modulation and ethylene used for carbon replenishment in the dielectric layer. We understand the demanding quality requirements of the industry and support our customers with improved tolerances, ship to control and SPC/SQC data.\nOur standard products are shown below and in all cases if the specification required is not shown we are able to provide customised specifications.\n|Product||Chemical Formula||Purity Range Available|\n|Carbon Monoxide||CO||99.99% to 99.999%|\n|Ethane||C2H6||99.995% to 99.9995%|\n|Ethylene||C2H4||99.999% to 99.9995%|\n|Methane||CH4||99.999% to 99.9999%|\n|Propylene||C3H6||99.95% to 99.995%|", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://buffalocreekpress.com/bolon-marks-75-years-with-flooring-made-from-68-per-cent-recycled-material/", "date": "2024-04-18T04:34:31Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817187.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418030928-20240418060928-00313.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9398940205574036, "token_count": 664, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__199369564", "lang": "en", "text": "Promotion: Swedish design brand Bolon is celebrating 75 years of creating luxury flooring and rugs that aim to highlight the “potential in waste”.\nLaunched in 1949 on the premise of “pushing recycling in the design industry” by turning industrial textile waste into premium rugs, all of the brand’s products now contain 68 per cent waste material.\n“Recycling is woven into everything we do,” Bolon told Dezeen. “In just a few years we have gone from 28 per cent recycled material to 68 per cent by doing what we have always done: we saw potential in waste.”\nThe family-owned brand’s manufacturing takes place in a “climate-neutral” factory in Ulricehamn, Sweden, which means that any carbon emissions produced are offset.\nRather than have a “green collection”, Bolon has instead pledged to ensure all of its products are climate-neutral too.\n“In 2020 we set an ambitious goal to halve our climate impact and ensure that all our products contain at least 50 per cent recycled material by 2028,” said the brand.\n“This year, we’ll surpass our goal substantially and will be able to offer 68 per cent recycled material in all our products.”\nSome of Bolon’s recent material innovations include bio-sourced PVC made from pulp and paper industry waste, recycled PVC and recycled chalk derived from marble slab production.\n“In 75 years, Bolon has evolved from humble beginnings to a global leader in design-led, sustainable flooring solutions, with renowned clients across the world,” said the brand.\nAesthetics are also important to the company, with prominent names such as Patricia Urquiola and Jean Nouvel all creating collections with Bolon over the years.\nThe brand says its ultimate goal is to “turn waste materials into beautiful flooring and rugs of supreme quality”.\nBolon products previously featured on Dezeen include a muted made-to-measure rug collection designed for high-footfall commercial interiors and Bolon Studio, a collection of woven flooring in bold geometric prints that can be customised by users.\nThe company, which says it is committed “to never standing still”, is also considering a number of future initiatives.\n“We are currently looking into developing a take-back [scheme] for used flooring and rugs,” said Bolon.\n“We are also going to continue our journey to replace virgin materials with recycled or bio-sourced materials.”\n“We believe in creating new dimensions by challenging conventions and breaking down barriers,” it added. “We are dreamers and innovators and see that in the future we will be able to offer woven design to more than just flooring and rugs.”\nTo find out more about Bolon’s sustainability pledges, visit its website.\nThis article was written by Dezeen for Bolon as part of a partnership. Find out more about Dezeen partnership content here.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://ukrhimexport.ub.ua/en/goods/view/157859/", "date": "2018-07-23T09:57:55Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676596204.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20180723090751-20180723110751-00063.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.7253105044364929, "token_count": 407, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-30", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__128164934", "lang": "en", "text": "Description ACETIC ACID (SYNTHETIC) (GOST 19814-74)\nAcetic acid - CH3COOH - is a colorless, highly inflammable liquid with strong vinegar odour.\nAcetic acid is used for producing salts and esters, acetylchloride, monochloroacetic acid, medicine, dyes, insecticides, in light industry and for many other purposes.\nTransportation: r/w tankcars fabricated from stainless steel, grade 12X18H10T or 10X17H13M2T, with top drain. Guaranteed storage life - 12 months from production date.\nDescription Grade standard\n1. Appearance and colour - Colorless, clear liquid without mechanical impurities\n2. Solubility in water - Fully soluble, solution is clear\n3. Mass portion of acetic acid, %, not less than 99,5\n4. Mass portion of acetic aldehyde, %, not more than 0,004\n5. Mass portion of formic acid, %, not more than 0,05\n6. Sulfate (SO4), %, not more than 0,0003\n7. Chloride (Cl) mass portion, %, not more than 0,0004\n8. Heavy metals mass portion precipitable with hydrogen sulfide (Pb), %, not more than 0,0004\n9. Mass portion of iron (Fe), %, not more than 0,0004\n10. Nonvolatile residue mass portion, %, not more than 0,004\n11. Stability of potassium permanganate solution colour, min, not less than 60\n12. Mass portion of the substances oxidized by potassium bichromate, cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution of concentration with (Na2S2O3*5H2O) = 0,1 mol/dm3 (0,1H), not more than", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dialogbiooekonomie.de/Veranstaltung/biocircular-economy-in-the-euregion/", "date": "2023-03-31T21:57:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949689.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20230331210803-20230401000803-00051.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.827485978603363, "token_count": 166, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-14", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__190374329", "lang": "en", "text": "14. September 2020 um 10:00 – 12:15\nA biocircular economy focusses on the use of raw materials and other materials in a way that prevents the creation of waste.\nRaw materials and products form a closed cycle and are used and reused optimally. With the aid of new technology, residual flows are processed to create unique, valuable raw materials, semi-finished and finished goods.\nJoin the international community of innovative entrepreneurs and professionals, talented researchers and promising students that work towards a biocircular economy!", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.cencobuildingservices.com/blog/p.180608023/impact-resistant-shingles-are-they-worth-it/", "date": "2019-02-21T00:40:29Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247496855.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220230820-20190221012820-00135.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9508223533630371, "token_count": 449, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2019-09", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-09__0__95600178", "lang": "en", "text": "Denver roofing projects can be expensive – especially if the damage was caused by hail or damaging storms. But recent developments in roofing material can now help prevent this type of damage from occurring in the first place. Known as “impact resistant,” a new type of single can make your home’s roof nearly impervious to most hail- and wind-related damage. The question is: are they worth the cost? We’ll find out in this impact resistant shingles review.\nWhat are Impact Resistant Shingles?\nShingles that are “impact resistant” are considered a class 4 product, and are designed to withstand high winds and hail damage. These shingles may be made of copper, aluminum, resin and plastic.\nShingles with the Class 4 rating have an impact resistance rating of UL 2218. The UL 2218 is the roofing industry standard for testing shingles against hail impact. There are four testing classes that use four different steel ball sizes that range from 1 1/4” to 2”. These steel balls are dropped at heights between 12 and 20 feet to mimic the impact of hail falling at high speeds.\nThe UL 2218 is currently the highest impact resistance rating. Aside from hail impact, these shingles can also withstand high winds up to 110mph.\nAre Class 4 Impact Resistant Shingles Worth the Cost?\nGenerally, yes. But it really depends on where you live. Thousands of homeowners lose their roofs to wind and hail damage each year, but some areas are more affected by damaging storms than others. Homes in areas that experience stronger, damaging storms will benefit greatly from impact resistant shingles because they offer long-term roof protection.\nImpact resistant shingles do cost more initially, but they pay for themselves in the long run. Typically, these shingles cost 10-20% more than their non-impact counterparts. That being said, they reduce a homeowner’s maintenance costs and may even prevent premature roof replacement.\nMany insurers also offer discounts to homeowners with a Class 4 roof. This discount can also help offset the higher costs of these shingles.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.militaryoutlet.com/bushmaster-bushcraft-explorer.html", "date": "2024-04-14T04:25:19Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00189.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8843710422515869, "token_count": 307, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__189117381", "lang": "en", "text": "Bushmaster Bushcraft Explorer Fixed Blade\nHardness and durability are the hallmarks of the richly veined zebra wood used to craft the handle scales of the Bushmaster Bushcraft Explorer Fixed Blade Knife. The scales are securely fastened to the tang with brass pins, assuring that when you use this awesome camping knife, you will never have to worry about its reliability. Combine the incredibly strong zebra wood with a 4 3/8” 1095 high carbon steel blade that’s razor sharp and you have a knife you will use for every situation. The fixed blade is protected by a genuine leather belt sheath with a snap closure and lacing holes. Also, a lanyard hole in the knife’s handle offers an alternative carrying option.\n- The combination of super strong zebra wood and high carbon steel makes this fixed blade camping knife invincible\n- It has a full tang, 4 3/8” 1095 high carbon steel blade with a matte finish and, make no mistake, it is keenly sharp\n- Richly veined zebra wood handle scales are securely fastened to the tang with brass pins and the handle features a brass lanyard hole\n- The fixed blade is secured in a genuine leather belt sheath with a snap closure and lacing holes and it’s 9 5/8” in overall length", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://bitalasia.com/list-produk/bitacol/", "date": "2024-03-04T04:12:57Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476413.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304033910-20240304063910-00348.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9041975140571594, "token_count": 215, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__159078337", "lang": "en", "text": "BITACOL is a cement-based ceramic grout with selected raw materials made by experienced experts under the supervision of Belgian technology to produce a strong grout.\nBITACOL is made specifically for grouting ceramic, marble, granite and the like, recommended for interior areas.\nBITACOL has strong adhesion, is waterproof, easy to install and environmentally friendly.\nHOW TO USE :\nMix BITACOL with clean water, with the composition of 1 Kg BITACOL: 320 ml of clean water.\nStir to form a paste and let stand for 2 (two) minutes before use.\nFill the grout with BITACOL paste while pressing it so that the grout is fully and evenly filled.\nUse cotton, wet sponge or wet cloth to clean the ceramic from the remaining paste dirt\nClean the work tool using clean water.\nPACKAGING: Available in 1 Kg packs\nHOW TO STORAGE:\nStore in a cool and dry place, away from heat sources and keep out of reach of children.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.ajolleyplace.com/test_stand.html", "date": "2024-04-24T18:25:51Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819847.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424174709-20240424204709-00193.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9359742999076843, "token_count": 594, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__23705425", "lang": "en", "text": "Test Stand Results\nwith additives in\nPotassium Nitrate/Sugar Formulations\nThe melt viscosity of propellant formulations based on potassium nitrate and sugars can be dramatically lowered with the use of certain surfactants at low levels. However, the burn rate, under pressure, of many of these propellants containing surfactant is often significantly effected. Most often burn rates are significantly longer at chamber pressures lower than ~700 psi. Traditional Bates 2 grain 38mm motors using KNO3/sugar propellants at (65:35) with 3/8” cores with no surfactant present have burn times between 0.75 and 1.13 seconds according to Nakka’s SRM simulation spread sheets (for sucrose, dextrose, and sorbitol using Aerotech type hardware at 1000 psi max chamber pressure). Personal test stand evaluations gave burn times of ~ 1.7 seconds and Isp engine ratings between 125 and 128 sec in two separate motor burns using sorbitol fuel. This indicates that my personal test stand is generating data that match that modeled by Nakka. It is interesting to note that motor burn times of ~1.7 sec for sorbitol based motors matches those burn times I obtain for high pressure surfactant containing sorbitol motors as well as those sorbitol/surfactant motors using RIO as an additive.\nThe links below, based on the different sugars used as fuel, connect to pages with data on the use of surfactants such as Polystep B-1 with this basic 65:35 formulation. Links are also present which will detail experiments using other surfactants that exhibit viscosity reduction (other_surfactants). Test stand evaluation of other additives used as burn rate modifiers in combination with surfactant have their own page as well. Although fine Al and Ti powders are really considered fuels rather than additives, links to test stand data on motors with these metals are also present (other_additives). The use of other additives such as RIO in formulations containing surfactant does not affect the viscosity reducing ability of the surfactant. The presence of such an additive does, however, negate the unusual lengthening of the burn rate sometimes seen with some formulations which contain only a viscosity reducing surfactant as an additive.\nTest stand results comparing formulations with and without surfactant reveal that sometimes slight reductions in Isp occur and at other times normal normal motor performance is obtained when surfactant is present. When it occurs this reduction appears to be on the order of 5 - 10%. Work is ongoing to determine what variable(s) cause this ISP reduction or why it sometimes does not happen. Most likely this difference is due to increased \"flushing\" as described on the Nakka web site (http://www.nakka-rocketry.net/knsbchar.html).", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.jsac.or.jp/analsci/abst.php/25/7/845/L", "date": "2017-04-25T22:09:07Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917120881.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031200-00475-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9219908714294434, "token_count": 397, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__73087909", "lang": "en", "text": "Abstract − Analytical Sciences, 25(7), 845 (2009).\nDevelopment of Spray Deposition/MALDI-TOFMS and Its Application to the Rapid Screening of Hydrolysis Products Derived from Nitrogen Mustards\nChu-Feng LIN,* Ju-Tsung LIU,** and Cheng-Huang LIN*\n*Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan **Forensic Science Center, Military Police Command, Department of Defense, Taipei, Taiwan\nA novel method for preparing samples for use in MALDI-TOFMS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) is described. Seven hydrolysis products derived from nitrogen mustards and CHCA (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) were selected as model compounds and the matrix, respectively. A capillary atomizer was used for evaporative and spray deposition of the sample/matrix solution, leading to the formation of a freestanding film that coated and accumulated on the MALDI substrate (i.e., sample plate). Compared to the traditional method for MALDI, which involves the production of dried droplets, the surface roughness was reduced, resulting in the accumulation of the sample-doped matrix on the sample plate. This resulted in an increase in the limit of detection of 1 − 2 orders of magnitude. In order to compare the structures of the sample-doped matrices obtained by the traditional dried droplet method versus the spray deposition method (developed in this study), the matrices were examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The design of the capillary atomizer and details of the experimental conditions are reported. The application of this method to the above seven degradation products was successful, suggesting that it has great potential for use as a routine monitoring tool.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://ajpp.in/abstract.php?acc=view&id=aa942ab2bfa6ebda4840e7360ce6e7ef", "date": "2020-07-04T06:09:35Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655884012.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704042252-20200704072252-00563.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.893013060092926, "token_count": 282, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-29", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__176709934", "lang": "en", "text": "Shib Shankar Dash*\nDepartment of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Salboni, Paschim Medinipur, 721 516, West Bengal, India,\n*Address for Corresponding Author\nShib Shankar Dash\nDepartment of Chemistry, Government General Degree College, Salboni, Paschim Medinipur, 721 516, West Bengal, India\nObjective: Areca nut seed commonly used as ingredients in the preparation of betel has tremendous medicinal significance, is rich in different types of primary and secondary plant metabolites. In this work, the seed extract has been utilized in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles at room temperature under very mild conditions. Material and methods: The synthesis of the gold nanoparticles occurred rapidly and no extra stabilizing or capping agents were necessary. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy, HRTEM, FTIR and X-ray Diffraction studies. Results and conclusion: The synthesized gold nanoparticles are almost spherical in shape with average size 15 nm. The Catalytic property of gold nanoparticles towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol has also been demonstrated. The results described here will be useful in nanoscience and nanotechnology.\nKeywords: Areca nut, gold nanoparticles, green synthesis, catalytic reduction", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://eldex.com/", "date": "2021-07-23T19:26:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150000.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723175111-20210723205111-00589.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9391503930091858, "token_count": 298, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2021-31", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__44419516", "lang": "en", "text": "Eldex® manufactures instruments for chemical analysis and chemical process control. Our instruments are used in a variety of applications ranging from capillary HPLC to reactant feed.\nWe offer a wide selection of off the shelf high pressure precision metering pumps. We also customize our products to meet the needs of OEMs. Our ReciPro® line has models with flow rates from between 0.002 mL/min. to 144 mL/min. at pressures up to 6000 psi. The versatility of the ReciPro pumps makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, including column washing and backflushing, post-column reaction, reactant feed and other process applications.\nOur MicroPro® pumps, based on a high pressure syringe design, are especially well suited for fluid delivery in the microliter per minute range, with applications in nano, capillary, and micro HPLC and LC-MS, as well as a variety of low flow uses.\nThe Eldex product range also includes a versatile fraction collector.\nEldex designed and manufactured the PicoTag™ Workstation for Waters. Now, we are able to offer an equivalent instrument called the Hydrolysis/Derivatization (H/D) WorkStation, as well as spare parts, accessories, and service for the PicoTag WorkStation and Vacuum Station.\nIn addition to our standard products, we manufacture a variety of specialized instruments and customize our standard products for other manufacturers.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://dentaltravelservices.com/dental-procedures/restorative-dentistry/aesthetic-fillings", "date": "2017-08-19T09:02:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105334.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819085604-20170819105604-00014.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9518404603004456, "token_count": 197, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__128916064", "lang": "en", "text": "When we refer to aesthetic \"fillings\" we are talking about one of two types of natural-looking tooth-colored restorations that are substitutes for the legacy amalgam and gold fillings.\nThe simplest type of aesthetic filling is what people commonly refer to as \"bonding\". This filling is performed by the dentist in one single sitting and is comprised of a composite resin material (a mixture of glass and resin particles) that is placed into smaller cavities and bonded or adhered to the tooth chemically with special liquid “bonding agents”.\nThe second type of aesthetic filling is the ceramic inlay or onlay (partial coverage restoration). They are made in our own laboratory, from a high density porcelain-like material that is baked under vacuum pressure in a special Ivoclar Empress processing machine. Ceramic fillings are some of the most aesthetic restorations that modern dentistry can offer. They are strong, natural looking and long lasting.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://tsriggingequipment.com/crane-lifting-slings-bridles-assemblies", "date": "2023-05-31T11:12:36Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646457.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20230531090221-20230531120221-00705.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9066000580787659, "token_count": 1524, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2023-23", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__194476800", "lang": "en", "text": "Crane Lifting Slings, Bridles and Assemblies\nTri-State Rigging Equipment is an authorized Rigging Weld and Service Center. With over 60 years in the material handling industry, we are experts at manufacturing and repairing rigging slings of all types. These include:\n- Chain Slings\n- Wire Rope Slings\n- Polyester and Nylon Synthetic Slings—round or web style\n- Fiber Rope Slings\n- Metal Mesh Slings\nIn addition to crane slings we can also take care of all your sling protection needs from corner guards to wear pads to sling sleeves. If you are unable to locate what you need, here at Tri-State we can custom configure and manufacture a sling to fit any application.\nIf you need help finding what you are looking for, call or email our sales team to speak with a rigging product specialist.\nChain rigging slings are constructed using the industry standard grade 80 and grade 100 alloy steel chain. Chain slings are popular in overhead lifting due to their ruggedness, strength, resistance to abrasion and cutting, and their ability to perform under exposure to high temperatures. This allows alloy chain slings to be used in:\n- Steel Mills\n- Heavy Machine Shops, etc.\nChain lifting slings are made from alloy steel and can be custom configured to fit any lifting or rigging application. Chain slings are easily modified and repaired offering industry leading versatility. Lifting chain slings are available in single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg and 4-leg alloy chain bridle assemblies and they can be used in vertical, choker, or basket hitches. In addition, chain slings can be configured to have adjustable leg lengths. Adjustable chain slings are an ideal solution for picking up asymmetrical loads and loads with an unknown or awkward center of gravity.\nWire Rope Slings\nWire rope rigging slings, sometimes referred to as cable lifting slings, consist of individual steel wires that form strands, the strands are then laid around a fiber or steel IWRC (Independent Wire Rope Core) core. Wire rope can be manufactured in a wide variety of patterns and constructions. These patterns and constructions all give the wire rope different properties, allowing wire rope slings and bridles to be used in variety of different working conditions and applications. Wire rope lifting slings are overall more cost-effective and lighter in weight than similar capacity chain rigging slings. This makes them very popular in the following industries:\n- Oil and Gas\n- General Manufacturing\nIn addition to these industries, wire rope bridles and assemblies can stand up to the harsh conditions seen in steel mills and forging facilities. Steel wire rope slings are available in single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg, and 4-leg wire rope bridle assemblies. In addition, they can be used in vertical, choker, and basket hitches.\nSynthetic rigging Slings can be broken up into three subcategories, all offering different benefits and drawbacks:\n- Synthetic Round Slings\n- Synthetic Web Slings\n- Synthetic Rope Slings\nSynthetic lifting slings can be constructed of either nylon or polyester, with each material offering different properties and benefits. Synthetic rigging slings lead the industry in combined strength, flexibility and support. Synthetic lifting slings are perfect for situations where it is imperative that the load not be damaged by the sling.\nSynthetic slings can be configured to fit almost any rigging application. This includes single-leg, 2-leg, 3-leg, and 4-leg synthetic bridle assemblies. Additionally, they can be used in vertical, choker and basket hitches. Due to their ease of use, relative inexpensiveness, standard sizes and replaceability, they are very popular in construction and other general industries.\nMetal Wire Mesh Slings\nMetal mesh lifting slings, sometimes referred to as wire mesh slings or chain mesh slings are constructed using high-tensile carbon, alloy, or stainless-steel links, arranged in a tightly knit mesh pattern. Wire mesh rigging slings are extremely abrasion and cutting resistant and can also withstand the high temperatures seen in the metal working industry as well as many others. Metal mesh slings are especially useful for securing and lifting unusual or irregular loads due to their wide bearing surface. While they are not quite as versatile as other types of slings, they can be used in vertical, choker and basket hitches.\nThe leading cause of lifting sling failure, especially in the case of synthetic slings, is cutting and abrasion. Often, in order to get a secure grip on the load, the rigging sling must be wrapped around sharp and/or protruding edges. This puts undue stress on the sling, no matter the type, and can significantly reduce not only your sling's durability but also your sling's WLL (working load limit). Sling protectors like edge guards, wear pads and sling protector sleeves, come in a variety of different shapes, styles and materials but they are all used to lessen the amount of cutting and abrasion forces exerted by a load on whatever sling you decide to use.\nBest Rigging Practices\n- Crane slings are to be hitched in a manner that provides optimal control of the load\n- Sharp edges or protruding edges in contact with a sling are to be padded with material of sufficient strength to protect the crane sling\n- Crane slings are to be shortened or adjusted only by methods approved by the sling manufacturer or a qualified person\n- When any crane sling is off the ground personnel should be alert for possible snagging. Especially when the sling is empty as it is more prone to snag things it passes by when not lifting a load\n- In a basket hitch, the load must be balanced to prevent slippage\n- Keep loads in a basket hitch under control by ensuring that the legs of the rigging sling contain or support the load from the sides, above the center of gravity\n- In a choker hitch, make sure the choke point is on the crane sling body only, and not on a fitting\n- In a choker hitch, angles of choke less than 120° are not to be used without a reduction in the rated load\n- Ensure that lifting slings are not constricted, bunched, or pinched by the load, hook, or any fitting\n- The load applied to the hook should always be centered in the base of the hook to prevent point loading on the hook, unless the hook is designed for point loading\n- Never shorten or lengthen a crane lifting sling by knotting or twisting\n- Never rest loads on the rigging sling\n- Never pull a rigging sling from under a load when the load is resting on the sling\n- Never drag crane slings on the floor or over abrasive surfaces\n- Shock loading is never acceptable and can significantly damage your rigging sling\n- Always avoid twisting and kinking\nTri-State Rigging Equipment is a custom manufacturer, service provider and distributor for all crane lifting slings serving clients from coast to coast, Canada, Mexico and especially focused in the states of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, South Carolina, Florida, and Oklahoma.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hanoverjewelers.com/blogs/education/black-tungsten-vs-black-ceramic-rings-whats-the-difference", "date": "2018-08-21T11:51:20Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221218122.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20180821112537-20180821132537-00080.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9568994641304016, "token_count": 697, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__95111479", "lang": "en", "text": "Any colored tungsten carbide ring other than its natural silver color is achieved through a process called ion plating. This is true for all tungsten jewelry in the world. Ion plating is a process by which a surface is bombarded with atomic sized energetic particles in a vacuum to deposit a hard coating of compound materials that results in a desirable color. The process is vastly superior to traditional \"wet\" plating methods (like electroplating) due to its increased bonding strength.\nIon plating, while more difficult to scratch than traditional gold or silver, is not as scratch resistant as the underlying tungsten. Plating can be damaged through contact with an abrasive surface or substance, chemicals, and hard surfaces (metal, wood, tile, etc). Plating can also be damaged by frequent exposure to hard water, or repeated contact with moderately hard surfaces such as a computer mouse or the inside of a glove.\nFor these reasons, we recommend removing plated tungsten rings before doing such activities as: handling metal objects, going to the gym, playing sports, entering water, and washing dishes or hands. We understand that this can seem like an inconvenience, but it is no different than wearing a traditional gold or silver ring. Rings such as these should be treated with attentive care.\nIf you are interested in a black band, we recommend looking into black ceramic as opposed to black tungsten. Ceramic is nearly just as strong a material as tungsten but the color is not plated so it does not have this issue. This is why you will see that many of the black rings that we offer are made from ceramic. Ceramic is also very lightweight compared to tungsten carbide.\nIn terms of hardness, tungsten carbide is rated at 9 on the Mohs scale while ceramic is 7 (diamond is a 10 and gold is 3 to give a sense of scale). Essentially what this means is that they are both very strong. Both rings can be cut in case of emergencies and hospitals will have the equipment to do so. Neither ring will fade, though the ion plating on black tungsten can be worn as we mentioned earlier. The hardness of the plating is 6, the same strength as titanium. Theoretically black tungsten can be replated and ceramic can be refinished, however we don’t have the equipment to do so and there is basically no need to do so, ever. Neither can be resized in the traditional sense, however we do offer a lifetime resizing guarantee if you ever do need a different size down the line. We also have a lifetime guarantee that covers almost everything except for normal wear and tear or intentional damage.\nIf there’s anything to be aware of, it’s that our warranty does not cover normal wear and tear, including scratches. While our rings are highly durable and scratch-resistant, they are not scratch-proof. Nothing is. Even a hard diamond can be cut. If you like some heft with your ring, you may want black tungsten. Both rings will be difficult to scratch, but black plated tungsten may show the silver tungsten underneath while black ceramic will just show black ceramic. Side by side, black tungsten will look slightly more black, while black ceramic will have a slightly dark gray tint to it just because it is more reflective.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.protoexpress.com/blog/prepreg-the-slice-of-cheese-in-your-pcb/", "date": "2020-09-27T01:43:42Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400249545.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926231818-20200927021818-00207.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9412366151809692, "token_count": 810, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-40", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-40__0__157474585", "lang": "en", "text": "As simple as it is, a prepreg is nothing but an insulation layer. Prepreg is a dielectric material that is sandwiched between two cores or between a core and a copper foil in a PCB, to provide the required insulation. You can call it a binding material as well. It either binds two cores or a core and a copper foil.\nIf you can imagine a hamburger, prepreg is the slice of cheese placed between the bread and the ham. The bread and ham can either be a core or a copper foil. Now I am sure I got your attention.\nI would like to tell you something interesting about prepregs. Prepregs are special dielectric materials that can be modified to our needs. By the combination of certain additives and catalysts, under a chemical process, a specific section of a prepreg can be transformed into a conductive region. This is called selective conductivity. This phenomenon finds its purpose while drilling holes into the prepregs for connecting the top and the bottom layers. However, the rest of the part of the prepreg remains to be an insulator and protects the circuit board from short circuit which is its basic functionality.\nYears of immense research and development have been undergone for the selection of the right prepreg material. Factors like thermal and mechanical compatibility of a material must be considered to accommodate the PCB requirements.\nHow are prepregs made?\nPrepreg, as the name suggests, is a glass fibre weave/cloth impregnated with a resin bonding agent. The glass fibres are interwoven to form a glass fabric. This glass fibre weave is partially dried to form a B-stage material. All prepregs are B-stage materials. During the manufacturing process of prepreg, it is important to follow the grain direction of the material being used since it allows the material to be modified as per requirement. The number of warp and fill counts determine the amount of resin the glass fabric can retain.\nThere are different types of prepregs that are incorporated in PCBs depending on the thickness and other requirements. Prepregs are available in Standard Resin (SR), Medium Resin (MR), and High Resin (HR) depending on the resin content they hold. The more resin content they hold, the more expensive they get. Here’s a table for your better understanding:\nThe difference between Prepreg and Core\nPeople often get confused between prepregs and cores due to their similarities. Allow me to clarify it for you. The core is a product of prepreg and lamination. It is more rigid compared to the prepreg. The core is made up of a fiberglass-epoxy laminate which meets the FR4 (Flame Retardant) grade with copper on either side. The core is usually manufactured by a core manufacturer and the company is liable for any faults in the material that might hinder the operation of a PCB. Whereas prepregs, as described earlier, are also made of the same material like the core but are partially dried without lamination and aren’t rigid like the core. I hope this disposes of the ambiguity.\nNow, the thickness of the PCB depends on the type of prepregs used. It must be noted that the required thickness can be achieved by a combination of prepreg plies. If you are wondering what plies are, they are nothing but thin sheets of prepregs placed on top of one another. This helps in achieving the desired thickness of the PCB.\nOther than PCBs, prepregs find their applications in aerospace components, automotive parts, A/C ducting, machinery, tooling, honeycomb and foam panels, and many more.\nIn conclusion, prepregs are insulators that glue together cores and copper foils and assist in the manufacture of a robust PCB.\nFor more design information, check with our DESIGN SERVICE team.\nDOWNLOAD OUR DFM HANDBOOK:", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.visionmarkbiotech.in/silica-based-fertilizer.htm", "date": "2018-06-17T23:32:23Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267859904.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180617232711-20180618012711-00558.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9008534550666809, "token_count": 118, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-26", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-26__0__240977923", "lang": "en", "text": "We are a highly acclaimed Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of Silica Based Fertilizers\nin Pune. The Silica Based Fertilizers, offered by us, are unique organic liquid formulations containing organic silica based components. The Silica Based Fertilizers are known to help in strengthening the leaves and stems and providing resistance from disease and pests.\n- Recommended For : All types of Plants\n- Application : Use 1 Lit per acre or 100 liters of water\n- Available In : Liquid and Solid form\n- Packing : As per customer requirement", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://www.pkgequipment.com/store.asp?pid=9024&catid=19696", "date": "2013-05-18T13:10:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382398/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00032-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8619817495346069, "token_count": 543, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2013-20", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__154179525", "lang": "en", "text": "FAQs | Tank Volume Calc | Contact Us\nPKG provides the disciplines needed to deliver custom corrosion or abrasion resistant equipment for chemical, pharmaceutical and food processing. From skidded systems to electrical controls, our knowledge of manufacturing processes leads to well-planned solutions that optimize your production. Before fabrication, our engineering department prepares design calculations and/or fabrication drawings to comply with ASME, API or specific customer requirements. ASTM C 1147 qualified plastic fabricators and ASME qualified welders and procedures offer you the highest quality in process equipment.\nEasily moved from one location to another, our skidded systems are fabricated from a variety of thermoplastics or metals. We deliver fully integrated, pre-tested systems to your facility pre-assembled and ready for utility hookup or in easy-to-install modules to avoid costly downtime for plant operations.\nSystem capabilities include:\n- Chemical feed\nCustom control panels:\nASME Pressure Vessels, Code Tanks, and Columns:\nCustom designed for pressure and vacuum service, our ASME process equipment is manufactured in accordance with the latest editions of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec. VIII, Div. 1 and are available in carbon steel, low alloy steel and high alloy steel.\nOur custom process tanks may come with a variety of options: manways, ladders/platforms, baffles, sight glasses, internal coils, mixer bridges, spray headers, pumps, secondary containment, covers, heaters and controllers, skimming weirs, flexible or rigid liners, and more.\n- Engineered to withstand corrosion, high temperatures and rugged shop use\n- Fabricated from homopolymer and copolymer polypropylene, HDPE, PVC, CPVC, PVDF or Teflon, depending upon the application\n- Rotationally molded tanks also available\n- API 650 welded steel tanks for oil storage\n- API 620 welded low pressure storage tanks\n- Liners available in polypropylene, PVDF, PVC, HDPE, rubber, titanium and lead for corrosion resistance\n- Licensed applicators of Koroseal\n- One-piece construction\n- Structurally designed for superior strength\n- Corrosion resistance achieved through special resins\n- Dual laminate tanks are available with PVDF, halar or polypropylene interior and fiberglass exterior\nOther equipment and services:\n- Batching equipment: chutes, elevators, hoppers\n- Heat exchangers\n- Jacketed reactors\n- Polished equipment\n- Pumping systems\n- Ventilation systems\n- Tank lining\n- Tank repair\n- Thermal & mechanical design", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://hydraulicpowersystems.com/products/vibratory-hammers/excavator-mounted-hammers/", "date": "2024-04-13T16:39:34Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816820.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413144933-20240413174933-00173.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9236893057823181, "token_count": 256, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__165269292", "lang": "en", "text": "We’ve designed our vibratory drivers/extractors to be some of the hardest-working pieces of equipment in the industry. Durability and ease-of-use combine to provide you with the fastest way to drive or extract various pile materials with a minimal effort.\nOur all-steel gear boxes are put to the test after fabrication to ensure that all welds are solid and dependable.\nKeeping vibrations minimized helps to maintain the superior quality of our vibratory drivers, as well as keeping percussion to a minimum on the job site.\nThe heart of our hammers needs to be reliable and tough. We use high-quality alloy steel to ensure superior tooth strength and longevity.\nQuality bearings keep things running smoothly to eliminate product failure downtime.\nExceptional quality goes into all of our hydraulic motors and pumps to provide consistent quality and maximum torque.\nWe have partnered with foundries that specialize in all-steel castings to provide the most durable clamp housings.\nEnvironmental impact is always top of mind with our products. Our superior die-cut covers, gear case cover gaskets, and 5,000 PSI clamp seals ensure our vibratory hammers\nare completely free from oil leaks and can be safely used in underwater applications without worry.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://apoil.com.sg/products/prodlist.aspx", "date": "2017-04-30T01:06:10Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123635.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00311-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.650554358959198, "token_count": 469, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2017-17", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__166649186", "lang": "en", "text": "We have three lubricant blending plants (two in Singapore, one in Vietnam) producing a wide range of lubricants for automotive, industrial and marine applications. Our lubricant products are marketed under the brand name of AP Oil, SIN-O (literally signifying Singapore Oils) and Polaris.\n我们共有三间润滑油工厂，两间在新加坡，一间在越南胡志明市。工厂调配生产各系列润滑油供车辆、工业及船舶使用，以 AP Oil 和 SIN-O （意即“新加坡油”） 为品牌在市场推广。\nSpecialty Chemicals 特殊化工品\nSpecialty chemicals are produced by two of our fully owned subsidiaries namely A.I.M Chemical Industries and GB Chemicals. Please refer to their website www.aimchem.com.sg (A.I.M Chemical Industries) / www.gbchemicals.com.sg (GB Chemicals) for products information.\n集团属下有两间全资子公司负责生产特殊化工品，分别为A.I.M化工和GB化工。欲了解更多产品详情，请浏览以下网站：A.I.M化工 www.aimchem.com.sg , GB化工 www.gbchemicals.com.sg。", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.glorydays.nl/product/oliefilter-amc-1958-1959/", "date": "2024-04-22T04:05:41Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296818072.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20240422020223-20240422050223-00551.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9056000709533691, "token_count": 311, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-18", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__13074138", "lang": "en", "text": "Oliefilter AMC 1958-1959. Pro-tec by WIX oil filters hold more than 45 Percent more dirt than the leading national brand. We could stop here, but we’re sure you want to know why. Oil filter effectiveness is measured three ways: particle size retention (filtration efficiency), dirt-holding capacity, and resistance to flow. WIX has developed optimum particle size retention quality in filter media through extensive engine wear tests in the real world, at the race track and in the lab. In fact, WIX media in automotive full-flow oil filters traps and holds essentially all particles larger than 25 Microns (a human hair is roughly 70 Microns in diameter), while capturing a high Percentage of even smaller particles. The dirt-holding capacity of WIX filters is significantly larger than the minimum manufacturer requirements between oil changes, which provides you with added security that contaminants captured by the filter stay in the filter. All WIX full-flow oil filters for automotive and light truck applications use arch-pleated, prescription-blended media, which provides low initial restriction to oil flow – less than 2 PSI pressure drop when filtering oil at a rate of 4 Gallons Per Minute at normal operating temperatures.\nDiameter (IN): 3.66 Inch\nHeight (IN): 5.178 Inch\nMicron Rating: 21\nAnti-Drain Back Valve: Yes\nFilter Bypass Relief Valve: Yes", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.laricambiudinese.it/technical?id=13", "date": "2024-03-04T18:03:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476464.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304165127-20240304195127-00320.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9547333121299744, "token_count": 212, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2024-10", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__60290422", "lang": "en", "text": "Customer of ours, hydraulic pump and motors manufacturer, claimed an high solid particles contamination level on testing items.\nThe particle analysis on hydraulic fluid used to test the produces items, showed that the contamination was mostly composed by small metal particles not coming from the tested items. Starting from this point, we tried to find out the origin of this contamination and we discovered that quite all this particles come from a procedure of sandblasting which pump and motor housing went through. Even if this parts, after this procedure, went through a washing procedure, they come out uncleaned. Checking the washing machine, we found that it was highly contaminated by the same particles found on the housings. The filtration system of the washing machine, was designed to block only big sized particles, with 80-100 microns rating filter medias. Smallest particles were able to pass this filters and remain in the system.\nWe choose to modify the washing machine filtration system, replacing housings and using new 10 microns elements. In this way the problem was solved.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://www.ecologixsystems.com/product-oilfree.php", "date": "2018-11-13T20:36:05Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039741491.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20181113194622-20181113220622-00441.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9086979031562805, "token_count": 413, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2018-47", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-47__0__195592972", "lang": "en", "text": "OilFree - Polymeric Surfactant Technology for Removing Hydrocarbons\nEcologix OilFree Products remove hydrocarbons in virtually any application. The Polymeric Technology is applied to the OilFree Cartridges, Pads, Foam Media and Air Filtration Media for removing oils and hydrocarbons from wastewater and/or air. The OilFree solution removes oils and hydrocarbons from water, PCBs, BTEX, oily sheen, synthetic and natural oils, solvents and organically bound metals from water. Request a Quote\nThe OilFree bilge cleaning unit utilizes OilFree HRM technology for filtering oils, sheen, gas, diesel and other hydrocarbon fuels from bilge water. OilFree bilge cleaning units enable the boats and vessels to maintain less than 15 ppm of hydrocarbons in their overboard bilge water discharge.\nThis new coalescing technology has proven extremely efficient in removing free and emulsified oils from water. This technology was originally developed to deal with the difficult fuel/oil/dispersant emulsions that must be removed from bilge water in order to certify with the International Marine Organization.\nOilFree is a patented polymeric technology that is applied to all Oilfree filter cartridges and related technologies. The Oilfree solution removes hydrocarbons from water, emulsified polluants from water, PCB's, BTEX, oily sheen, synthetic and natural oils, solvents and organically bound metals from water.\nThe OilFree HRM Filter Bag incorporates OilFree Pillow Media as a packed column and exhibits hydrocarbon pollutant removal efficiency in the order of 90 - 99.9% in aqueous streams.\nOilFree has the most technically advanced and efficient products for immobilizing oil available anywhere. All products are infused with patented OilFree technology and are designed for specific oil remediation tasks.\nThe OilFree air filtration membrane captures oily mists from air and permanently immobilizes the oily mists on the membrane surface at a low pressure drop.", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "https://dottyandv.com/products/digory-kids-jacket-peacock-green-3-4-years-and-7-8-years-left", "date": "2022-12-05T22:07:26Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711045.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205200634-20221205230634-00476.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.9242987632751465, "token_count": 163, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2022-49", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__176876318", "lang": "en", "text": "digory kids' jacket - peacock green (3-4 years and 7-8 years left)\n- digory is a warm, water-repellent and windproof puffer jacket made from lightweight polyester\n- the jacket has a full-length front zip and two side pockets with fleece lining\n- the yoke on the back of the jacket has reflective trim\n- digory has a detachable hood with detachable faux fur trim and elasticated cuffs\n- padded with polyester that provides good insulation\n- the lining has been dyed using a solution dyeing technique. This technique saves up to 80% water compared to conventionally dyed fabric in the same material.\n- PFC-free water-repellent finish", "domain": "materials_science"}
{"url": "http://3gco.com/remediation/", "date": "2020-08-09T03:19:14Z", "file_path": "s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738380.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809013812-20200809043812-00341.warc.gz", "language_score": 0.8816900849342346, "token_count": 290, "dump": "CC-MAIN-2020-34", "global_id": "webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__63513529", "lang": "en", "text": "Stabilization. Solidification. Chemical Fixation. Chemical Oxidation.\nThe following treatment technologies typically offer significant savings when compared to off-site treatment and disposal. They offer economical treatment methodologies for treating heavy metals, solid organics, PCBs, and other waste streams.\nStabilization techniques limit the solubility or mobility of contaminants. To accomplish this, reagents or other specialized materials are blended with the soil and/or sludge. Stabilization ensures that the hazardous constituents are suspended in their least mobile or toxic form.\nSolidification results in a solid, low-permeable block of contaminated soil. To accomplish this, reagents are utilized to mechanically lock the contaminants within the solidified matrix. This process significantly decreases contaminant migration.\nThis technology achieves the destruction of contaminants and creates non-hazardous materials. Similar to stabilization and solidification, chemical fixation requires the blending of reagents with the contaminated material. The reagents used during the mixing/blending process effect destruction or chemical bonding of the contaminant(s).\nIn-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a cost-effective and viable remediation technology for the treatment of petroleum-based contaminants and VOCs in soils, sediments, and groundwater. Once a representative sample has been analyzed and the chemicals of concern are identified, bench testing is performed in order to determine the type and quantity of reagent to employ.", "domain": "materials_science"}