As used in this article, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
(1) ACCESS. To gain entry to, instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve or intercept data from, alter data or computer software in, or otherwise make use of any resource of a computer, computer system, or computer network.
(2) COMPUTER. An electronic, magnetic, optical, electrochemical, or other high speed data processing device or system that performs logical, arithmetic, or memory functions by the manipulations of electronic or magnetic impulses and includes all input, output, processing, storage, or communication facilities that are connected or related to the device.
(3) COMPUTER NETWORK. The interconnection of two or more computers or computer systems that transmit data over communication circuits connecting them.
(4) COMPUTER PROGRAM. An ordered set of data representing coded instructions or statements that when executed by a computer cause the computer to process data or perform specific functions.
(5) COMPUTER SECURITY SYSTEM. The design, procedures, or other measures that the person responsible for the operation and use of a computer employs to restrict the use of the computer to particular persons or uses or that the owner or licensee of data stored or maintained by a computer in which the owner or licensee is entitled to store or maintain the data employs to restrict access to the data.
(6) COMPUTER SERVICES. The product of the use of a computer, the information stored in the computer, or the personnel supporting the computer, including computer time, data processing, and storage functions.
(7) COMPUTER SOFTWARE. A set of instructions or statements, and related data, that when executed in actual or modified form, cause a computer, computer system, or computer network to perform specific functions.
(8) COMPUTER SYSTEM. A set of related or interconnected computer or computer network equipment, devices and software.
(9) DATA. A representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions, which are prepared and are intended for use in a computer, computer system, or computer network. Data may be in any form, in storage media, or as stored in the memory of the computer or in transit.
(10) ELECTRONIC MAIL MESSAGE. A message sent to a unique destination that consists of a unique user name or mailbox and a reference to an Internet domain, whether or not displayed, to which such message can be sent or delivered.
(11) EXCEEDS AUTHORIZATION OF USE. Accessing a computer, computer network, or other digital device with actual or perceived authorization, and using such access to obtain or alter information that the accessor is not entitled to obtain or alter.
(12) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT. Includes, but is not limited to, any check, cashier's check, draft, warrant, money order, certificate of deposit, negotiable instrument, letter of credit, bill of exchange, credit or debit card, transaction authorization mechanism, marketable security, or any computer system representation thereof.
(13) HARM. Partial or total alteration, damage, or erasure of stored data, interruption of computer services, introduction of a virus, or any other loss, disadvantage, or injury that might reasonably be suffered as a result of the actor's conduct.
(14) IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENT. Any document containing data that is issued to an individual and which that individual, and only that individual, uses alone or in conjunction with any other information for the primary purpose of establishing his or her identity or accessing his or her financial information or benefits. Identification documents specifically include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Government issued driver's licenses or identification cards.
b. Payment cards such as credit cards, debit cards, and ATM cards.
d. Health insurance or benefit cards.
e. Identification cards issued by educational institutions.
f. Identification cards for employees or contractors.
g. Benefit cards issued in conjunction with any government supported aid program.
h. Library cards issued by any public library.
(15) IDENTIFYING INFORMATION. Specific details that can be used to access a person's financial accounts, obtain identification, or to obtain goods or services, including, but not limited to:
a. Social Security number.
b. Driver's license number.
c. Bank account number.
d. Credit card or debit card number.
e. Personal identification number (PIN).
f. Automated or electronic signature.
g. Unique biometric data.
h. Account password.
(16) INTEGRATED CIRCUIT CARD. Also known as a smart card or chip card, a pocket sized, plastic card with embedded integrated circuits used for data storage or special purpose processing used to validate personal identification numbers (PINs), authorize purchases, verify account balances and store personal records. When inserted into a reader, it transfers data to and from a central computer.
(17) OWNER. An owner or lessee of a computer or a computer network, or an owner, lessee, or licensee of computer data, computer programs, or computer software.
(18) PROPERTY. Includes a financial instrument, data, databases, data while in transit, computer software, computer programs, documents associated with computer systems and computer programs, or copies whether tangible or intangible.
(19) RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID). A technology that uses radio waves to transmit data remotely from an RFID tag, through a reader, from identification documents. It is used in contactless integrated circuit cards, also known as proximity cards.
(20) RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) TAGS. Also known as RFID labels, the hardware for an RFID system that electronically stores and processes information, and receives and transmits the signal.
(21) REENCODER. An electronic device that places encoded information from the magnetic strip, integrated circuit, RFID tag of an identification document onto the magnetic strip, integrated circuit, or RFID tag of a different identification document.
(22) SCANNING DEVICE. A scanner, reader, or any other electronic device that is used to access, read, scan, obtain, memorize, or store, temporarily or permanently, information encoded on the magnetic strip, integrated circuit, or RFID tag of an identification document.
(23) VIRUS. Means an unwanted computer program or other set of instructions inserted into a computer's memory, operating system, or program that is specifically constructed with the ability to replicate itself or to affect the other programs or files in the computer by attaching a copy of the unwanted program or other set of instructions to one or more computer programs or files.
(24) WEB PAGE. A location that has a single uniform resource locator or other single location with respect to the Internet.


What We Do
We Check the Battery
The ED18 Diagnostic Test Results detect three possible conditions of your battery:
- Bad: Replace your car battery as soon as possible (ASAP).
- Marginal: Prone to failure in moderate to extreme heat or cold. Battery performance abruptly drops from this point.
- Good: Retest the battery in about 1 year.
We Replace the Battery
- Remove the old battery and recycle it in an environmentally friendly manner.
- Clean battery terminals with an acid-fighting spray.
- Place and secure a new manufacturer approved premium Interstate® battery in your car.
- Install anti-corrosion pads at the battery terminals.
- Connect cables to the battery terminals.
- Spray terminals with an anti-corrosion spray.
Why We Do It
- Interstate Batteries® guarantees 18 month free replacement and prorated replacement up to 75 months if your battery fails to start your vehicle.
- The Bottom Line: Helps prevent stressful situations.
Car batteries are the unsung heroes of transportation. They are ready to provide the essential electrical charge needed to fire up your vehicle’s engine, so you can start your journey. Without a healthy battery, your car is just a hunk of plastic and metal parked in the driveway.


Super Bright LED Pods / LEDs for Accent Lighting
2 Shapes & 6 Vibrant Colors + Ironclad Waterproofing = 1 Amazing LED Module
Multiple styles and colors including: straight or round, with a black or chrome bezel, and six super bright colors, these tiny pre-wired 12V LED modules give off an amazing, even cast of vibrant glow.
Like an LED Pod Light, these LED modules are perfect around the house, in retail settings, or even in art galleries & product showcases alike. These tiny super bright modules are 100% waterproof and durable, can be mounted seamlessly with the included 3M adhesive, to easily hook up to any 12 volt power source.


In our internet-driven society, telecommunications networks are more critical than ever and will only become more integral. Despite their heavy influence on society, telecommunications systems don’t get many opportunities to shine in the spotlight. So today, we are celebrating telecommunications by exploring its basic principles and progress over the years.
In the 19th century, preliminary telephone networks utilized copper cables. These copper-based networks were the backbone of all telecommunications networks until the widespread adoption of Fiber Optic technology. Since copper cables are an analog technology, they transmit data using electrical signals through twisted pairs of insulated cables to reduce data loss and cut down on outside interference. For example, imagine a typical phone call on a vintage telephone like the one pictured above. First, a person on one end speaks into the phone; this voice data is then converted into electrical signals, which quickly travel along copper cables to the other end of the line, where the electrical signals are turned back into voice data for the person listening on the other end. This continues back and forth until the end of the call. Barebones copper cable networks, primarily used for telephones and telegrams until the first internet services became commercially available, is often called “Plain Old Telephone Service,” or P.O.T.S.
The first internet systems were eventually built on the back of the traditional copper telephone networks. These initial systems were not particularly fast, and the copper cables took up lots of physical space to transmit large amounts of data at an acceptable rate. Eventually, these systems were due for an upgrade. This is where Fiber Optics enters the picture, forever altering the basics of telecommunications networks.
Fiber Optics permanently changed the telecommunications industry as we know it by introducing cables that could transmit large amounts of data more quickly and effectively than traditional copper networks. While copper networks transmit signals using electricity, fiber networks transmit data through light signals. Fiber Optic cables have many small glass tubes inside them that allow light signals to pass through them incredibly quickly. These small glass tubes are called Fibers, and the light passing through them is called Optics, hence the name Fiber Optics. These fibers, made up of silica glass, are extraordinary because of their clarity, which helps transmit light signals effectively, and their toughness. Because of their composition, these glass fibers are resilient. They can handle being moved and bent, making them ideal for being used in aerial, buried, or underground applications. Light signals carrying user data are internally reflected within the fibers and their protective layers en route to their ultimate destination. These fibers are also much more efficient than copper cables. They can transmit more data faster and in a smaller-sized cable. For example, you could fit 144 fibers in a cable only ¼ of an inch thick! These tiny, mighty fibers transmit data, voice, and video signals at the speed of light to users worldwide!
What’s the next significant advancement in telecommunications networks, you ask? It’s hard to say! While Fiber Optic networks can still be improved to achieve even faster speeds and sustain larger bandwidths, there is no telling what kind of technological breakthrough in our future could lead to the next revolution in network construction. For now, at least, it is safe to say that Fiber networks rule the day, and only time will tell what kind of exciting progress we could see later.
If you enjoyed learning about the basics of telecommunications, stay tuned for a new series of blogs covering this topic. In the meantime, check out our library of other such content.


S. Ichikawa, H. Saito, L. Udorn, and K. Konishi
Proceedings of 10th Int'l Conf. on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL 2000), LNCS 1896, Springer, pp. 729-738 (2000).
Many applications can be modeled as subgraph isomorphism problems. However, this problem is generally NP-complete and difficult to compute. A custom computing circuit is a prospective solution for such problems. This paper examines various accelerator designs, and compares them quantitatively from two points of view: cost and performance. An algorithm that is suited for hardware implementation is also proposed. The hardware for the proposed algorithm is much smaller on logic scale, and operates at a higher frequency than Ullmann's design. The prototype accelerator operates at 16.5 MHz on a Lucent ORCA 2C15A, which outperforms the software implementation of Ullmann's algorithm on a 400 MHz Pentium II.


Every year in September the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) announces their selections for IDEA: the International Design Excellence Awards. A small group of new products and systems are recognized as the most innovative designs, with the most world-changing potential of the year. This year the Elroy Air Chaparral — our autonomous cargo aircraft— won Gold in the Transportation category.
This is a big deal.
We’re honored! Looking back at previous Gold winners in this category you’ll find the BMW i3 and the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. As a startup with a team of 20, we beat multinational aerospace and automotive companies to win this award.
Our award winning aerial cargo platform — the Chaparral — is built to expand the reach of express logistics. Over 1 billion people today do not have access to rapid delivery of essential goods. We are designing the Chaparral to help improve quality of life around the world by enabling point-to-point aerial cargo transport anywhere on the planet, no airports needed.
The Chaparral’s autonomous cargo handling and flight capabilities are designed to integrate into today’s logistics networks seamlessly. Minimizing human interaction and enabling rapid logistics in more places is increasingly important during COVID, and we are building our system to safely and rapidly serve communities anywhere with nimble aerial cargo.
The Chaparral is one part cutting-edge flying machine and another part modern warehouse robot. Warehouse robots became well-known in 2012 when Amazon acquired Kiva Systems, an innovative startup that had developed an automated way to enable a highly controlled and efficient logistics warehouse operation. Powered flight as we know it today began in 1903 when the Wright Brothers flew their Wright Flyer successfully for the first time in North Carolina.
There’s an idea called the adjacent possible — the concept that at any moment in time there is a unique frontier of inventions that are now enabled by the current state of everything else. Early powered flight needed an engine that could deliver enough thrust, and that was light enough to be carried aloft — it was a critical enabling technology that made flight an adjacent possible. Logistics robots needed package tracking and a networked awareness of the state of an entire warehouse.
The Chaparral is now adjacent-possible, powered by a few key enabling technologies that have recently matured:
Electric Powertrain: The era of the electric car has begun, with 1.7 million EVs predicted to be purchased worldwide in 2020. But something else has emerged from this acceleration in EV development — the dawn of the practical electric airplane. Using similar but even lighter-weight motors, motor control circuits, and battery systems, electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are now feasible. This means quieter, cleaner flight and — with multiple redundant vertical rotors like a big version of a consumer drone — takeoffs and landings from anywhere. This flexibility in operating locations is critical to power the next step in logistics.
Machine Perception + Software: Robots that move around the world need to be aware of their surroundings to avoid bumping into things. Recent developments in LiDAR and Radar perception for the autonomous vehicle industry, and autonomy software capabilities will allow the Chaparral to navigate safely on the ground (the warehouse part) and through the air without in-flight collisions.
Digital Design & Validation Tools: Diverging from the first 100 years of aerospace, these days a small team like ours can design, validate, and iterate a complex system like Chaparral using software and simulation environments far in advance of building and flying the actual machine. The set of tools that we use — some off-the-shelf, some custom and developed in-house — allowed our 20-person startup to successfully accomplish first flights of the full-scale Chaparral demonstrator in the Fall of 2019, a feat that only a few teams around the world have achieved at this scale of electric/hybrid aircraft. The upshot: we are outpacing even large aerospace companies as we push Chaparral to the finish line in this exciting new chapter of autonomous vertical takeoff-and-landing (VTOL) aircraft.
Today’s enabling technologies set the conditions for innovation, but that isn’t the whole story: Also differentiating the Chaparral is our obsession with developing features and operator interactions to meet the customer need — from commercial logistics, to humanitarian aid, disaster relief, and more. In startup vernacular, this is called “customer development.” It’s the hard work of Product and Design, and in Aerospace this work must be in lock-step with Engineering because in the end it needs to fly!
We have been obsessed with getting the Chaparral’s capabilities and interactions right since the early days of Elroy Air, and its functionality — especially the automated way it navigates on the ground to pick up and drop off cargo (article) — reflect hard-won lessons we learned by spending time with our customers and a ton of prototyping and iterating. This work has resulted in a host of inventions built into a vehicle that will create a huge leap forward in logistics.
In our San Francisco warehouse next to a nightclub we are creating the future of high-performing logistics. Chaparral will enable metaphoric conveyor belts through the sky, to speed up the delivery of goods to people all around the world — regardless of the terrain or traffic conditions on the ground. The diverse, talented team at Elroy Air is going to be heads-down for a while as we complete the development of the Chaparral and get it out into the world to serve people. Thanks to the IDSA for recognizing our work!
— The Elroy Air Team


Trimble Geo XH/XT 6000 Series
Trimble has just announced the availability of the
GeoExplorer 6000 series high-accuracy handheld. The 220 channel unit has an
integrated GPS and GLONASS capable receiver and antenna. The 6000 brings
together the functionality for decimeter accuracy in real-time, high quality
photo capture, an integrated Internet connectivity with an optional built-in
3.5G modem. The unit introduces Trimble's Floodlight satellite shadow reduction
technolgy for reliable performance under trees and in urban canyons in the
toughest GNSS environments. The large 4.2* display is sunlight-optimized for
outdoor operations. Text is crisp and easy to read. Background maps and photos
are rich and vibrant. The price is a little over $8,000. The GeoXH™ handheld is Trimble's top-of-the-line solution for high accuracy
GIS data collection. Engineered with H-Star™ technology, the GeoXH handheld
delivers 10 cm GPS accuracy required by electric and gas
utilities, water and wastewater services, land reform projects, and other
applications where accurate positioning is crucial.
With H-Star technology, there's no need to initialize—in the time taken to
record your attribute information, the GeoXH handheld logs the data you need to
achieve 10 cm accuracy. .
The GeoXH and GeoXT handhelds come with a super fast 600 MHz processor running the most
advanced operating system available—Microsoft® Windows Mobile™ Version 6.5
software for Pocket PC. Windows Mobile is the industry standard open platform
for mobile devices, so you can choose a software solution to match your
workflow, whether off-the-shelf or purpose built.
There's plenty of storage space for all your GIS data, and with a 2 GB
data storage and a Secure
Digital (SD) memory card slot, you can add gigabytes of memory for all your
maps. And if you need to access the Internet or your organization's secure
network to get the most up-to-date data, it's no problem—the 6000 series handheld
have built-in wireless LAN and Bluetooth®*, so you can access information
The GeoXH is the only handheld computer to offer 10 cm GPS
accuracy—without compromising the ruggedness and connectivity that are the
hallmarks of the GeoExplorer series. Technology this clever has never been more
*Bluetooth and wireless LAN type approvals are country specific. GeoExplorer
6000 series handhelds have Bluetooth and wireless LAN approval in the U.S. and EU.
For other countries please consult your local Distributor.


The “Excellent Series Computer Class 8” is a cutting-edge educational program aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This series is meticulously crafted to empower eighth-grade students with comprehensive computer science knowledge. It integrates modern pedagogical approaches, practical applications, and real-world relevance to foster digital literacy and critical thinking skills. The curriculum covers coding, software development, cybersecurity, and emerging technologies, providing a solid foundation for future technological endeavors. With an emphasis on hands-on learning, this series ensures students not only understand theoretical concepts but also gain practical proficiency, preparing them for the dynamic challenges of the digital era.


Banbury-based Sensor Technology Ltd has a new range of transmitters that can add wireless capabilities to any make of strain gauge. The WSG series transmitters allow any manufacturer’s strain gauge to send readings to Sensor Technology’s wide range of displays and readouts, which can be located at... Read More
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Update
Further to recent developments surrounding COVID-19, we want to provide you with information about measures we have introduced to reduce the impact on our business. Click Here for more information
Sensor Technology Ltd's standard range of products are warranted against manufacturing defects and component failure for two years from date of purchase, subject to fair wear and tear and return for the first year's free of charge annual re-calibration. This warranty is extended indefinitely if the equipment is returned to Sensor Technology, or its distributor, for annual re-calibration, when software and hardware updates, if required, will be carried out free of charge. Standard range means those products as described in the company's product data sheets.


A group of 23 students from the Dutch Technical University of Eindhoven wanted to prove electrical vehicles are ready to conquer the world. They developed the world’s first electric touring motorbike from scratch and decided to try driving them around the world in 80 days. It resulted in a kickass adventure…and the first circumnavigation of earth on an electric motorbike.
Storm Wave: The Idea
Two years ago the students came up with the idea of developing electric motorbikes as a university project. A small idea, sketched out on a sheet of paper, grew big with a world trips as the ultimate goal. Before departure the team announced their electric motorbike ambitious like this
“Our team has set the ambitious goal to go around the world in 80 days with Storm Wave, our electric motorcycle. To show people all over the globe the beauty of e-mobility, the STORM Wave is solely powered by the existing electricity grid. This endeavor is the ultimate proof of concept for both our Storm Wave electrical motorcycle and electric mobility as a whole. By involving individuals and organizations to recharge our batteries we share the experience of electric mobility with the world. All the involved parties together form the STORM GRID: a worldwide network of plug-in locations. The clock has started ticking down from 80 days 14 August 2016.”
World’s first electric touring motorbike
They developed two electrical motorbikes – named the Storm Wave electric motorcycle – from scratch with unique removable batteries. Each motorbike contains 24 batteries that give the vehicle a 380 km range on one charge, much further than existing electrical motorbikes. Once emptied they simply replace the batteries with new fully charged ones and continue driving. In this way their motorbikes have a daily range of 600km making them a real electrical touring badboy.
The bike has 48 hp and a torque of 120 NM.
“The great thing about an electric motor is that he immediately accelerates when you put your foot on the pedal. It also provides less noise and less vibration, which makes driving more comfortable, “said Wilco one of the Storm team members. The comfort was further improved by incorporating a special Hossack front suspension that transmits less vibration in the steering wheel.
Unique honeycomb battery structure
The STORM tourer has a strong and unique design. To get a range of 380 kilometers a lot of batteries would have to be built in the bike. But where do you put them?
In an electrical car you have space to hide them in the floor like Tesla did. But where do you hide a huge battery pack in a motorcycle?
Wilco explains how they solved it. “The bike has a modular battery pack. Thus, you can choose to use the full capacity for a ride, or a part thereof. The modular battery, shaped prominent in a honeycomb pattern in the body of the motorcycle, is divided into 24 cartridges, which you can pick out individually. If you are going to take a long trip, you put them all in there but for short trips you can just use the minimum quantity of 12 cartridges hence traveling lighter.
Electric motorbike with gears & IoT
What is also striking about the bike is that – unlike electric cars – it has two gears. One gear to accelerate and one gear to drive efficiently on high/cruising speed for example on the highway.
The Storm team developed the gears inhouse (or in-university) from scratch while the other standard components like brakes and tires were sourced from existing manufacturers.
On top of that they used the latest Internet of Things (IoT) technology which allowed them to monitor every part of the Storm Wave motorbikes in real time on their computer dashboard. Among other things the battery packs contained sensors displaying the temperature, current and voltage of every independent cell. This made it possible to observe the functioning of a particular battery or a combination of batteries. Along with real-time insights from numerous other components, it enabled the dashboard to report and predict which parts of the motor functioned well and which parts urgently needed to be replaced.
They even build an app so followers of the electric motorbike world trip could get real-time updates on every aspect of the trip. This amazing monitoring capability resulted in some awesome data figures about the entire journey.
Around the world in 80 days on electric motorbikes
After they had developed the bikes the students were looking for a challenge to proof that their electrical bikes could ride under extreme and demanding circumstances. Something that would leave a lasting mark and raise awareness for clean technologies and electric driving.
The first trip around the world powered by battery technology had already been made years before by the Solartaxi. So they knew they needed a more daunting challenge…
And – like many kickasstrips before – here Jules Verne’s travel classic ‘Around the World in 80 Days’ served once again as great inspiration. A modern electric motorbike trip around the world in 80 days was born…
To achieve this ambitious goal the students needed to drive for 80 days straight. Through 18 countries. And for 23,000km Eastwards.
Storm Electric Motobikes RTW trip departure
On the 14th of August 2016 the Storm electrical motorcycles started their ambitious ride around the world in 80 days from the Eindhoven University campus.
The team was off to a not so auspicious start as the electric motorbike broke down on the highway before Vienna. The problem – a broken power inverter – was quickly diagnosed and solved and – with a day delay – the team continued driving eastwards across Europe and into Asia.
In Iran the team had to deal with extreme heat, poor roads and chaotic traffic which resulted in the Storm bike crashing in a local taxi. Fortunately the taxi was more damaged than the motorbike and the team was able to continue their journey towards Uzbekistan. Their arrival there coincided with the death of President Islam Karimov. Because of the proclaimed national mourning all planned events were cancelled and the students were forced to leave the country quickly.
Crossing the raw beauty of Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and into China they made good progress using local electrical power everywhere. Everywhere they were welcomed at local universities and loads of media coverage.
Then they shipped all their gear across the Pacific to the USA where they continued their trip across the USA to New York before going back to Europe.
Along the way the team posted daily video updates on their youtube channel which you can find here.
One of the trip’s absolute highlights was a photo shoot with the Storm Wave bike on Times Square including their own Storm Wave billboard over there. Find that video update (with English subtitles) here:
Completion of electric motorbike trip around the world in 80 days
Then On November 2, STORM drove the last 400 km from Paris to Eindhoven and so completed its 80-day World Tour with their self-developed electric motorcycle. With a great event at the TU Eindhoven Campus, STORM was welcomed home.
Along the way the team had gathered 17,001 MB of data with the help of their revolutionary IoT integration. It resulted in some stunning and fun facts about the journey:
The team had driven through 17 countries, visited 65 cities covering a total of close to 21,000 km.
They had used the bike’s left blinker 925 times while the right blinker had been used 1,033 times.
The front brake had been used 1,095 times, the back-brake a bit more: 3,001 times.
During the trip they changed the batteries 74 times.
Lucky for them 54% of the journey was sunny, 40% cloudy and only in 6% of their trip did they encounter rain.
All in all a fantastic kickasstrip.


3D Band Large LED Picture
Item: 3D Band Large LED Picture
Item Code: 6023B0
Click Here for Delivery Information and Options
An atmospheric 3D picture of three musicians playing drums, guitar and a female singer. Figures are moulded in black and set on black canvas but subtly lit from the top of the picture by three small LED lights which can be switched on or off.
Canvas size approximately 690mm x 500mm.
Battery operated, requires 3 AA batteries (not supplied).


Voice, Data, and Fiber Cabling
This service involves installing structured cabling systems for voice and data networks in commercial and residential buildings. This includes running cables, terminating connectors, and testing the system for optimal performance.
Low Voltage Cabling
Data and Voice cabling is the backbone of your network. A correctly installed physical network is just as important as a correctly configured logical network.
At the heart of every network is structured cabling. Even your "wireless" network runs on cabling.
Whether you have a PBX or IP system we can install the correct cable and ensure it is terminated properly for your application.
Data cables do everything from connecting your printer to connecting your security camera. We install a wide range of cables with a wide range of colors to suit your specific needs.
Fiber Optic Cabling
Long range data transmission is best achieved using fiber. We can install, terminate, and certify every strand so you can rest assured your data will reach its destination.


iPhone XS – 64 GB – 8694 – Unlocked
Despite featuring the same exterior design that the iPhone X debuted, the iPhone XS is a heavily-upgraded successor. It has a 5.8-inch OLED display that supports HDR10 video playback and wide-color gamut, as well as an improved TrueTone sensor to adjust the color temperature of the display. The A12 Bionic chipset is built on a 7nm manufacturing process and offers unmatched performance and efficiency that aids the battery endurance.
Out of stock


Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronic, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation, distribution, and use.
Electrical engineering is now divided into a wide range of different fields, including computer engineering, systems engineering, power engineering, telecommunications, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, photovoltaic cells, electronics, and optics and photonics. Many of these disciplines overlap with other engineering branches, spanning a huge number of specializations including hardware engineering, power electronics, electromagnetics and waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies, mechatronics/control, and electrical materials science.
Electrical engineers typically hold a degree in electrical engineering or electronic engineering. Practising engineers may have professional certification and be members of a professional body or an international standards organization. These include the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) (formerly the IEE).
Electrical engineers work in a very wide range of industries and the skills required are likewise variable. These range from circuit theory to the management skills of a project manager. The tools and equipment that an individual engineer may need are similarly variable, ranging from a simple voltmeter to sophisticated design and manufacturing software.
Mechatronics is an engineering discipline which deals with the convergence of electrical and mechanical systems. Such combined systems are known as electromechanical systems and have widespread adoption. Examples include automated manufacturing systems, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems, and various subsystems of aircraft and automobiles. Electronic systems design is the subject within electrical engineering that deals with the multi-disciplinary design issues of complex electrical and mechanical systems.
The term mechatronics is typically used to refer to macroscopic systems but futurists have predicted the emergence of very small electromechanical devices. Already, such small devices, known as Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), are used in automobiles to tell airbags when to deploy, in digital projectors to create sharper images, and in inkjet printers to create nozzles for high definition printing. In the future it is hoped the devices will help build tiny implantable medical devices and improve optical communication.
Electrical engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electrical engineering, electronics engineering, electrical engineering technology, or electrical and electronic engineering. The same fundamental principles are taught in all programs, though emphasis may vary according to title. The length of study for such a degree is usually four or five years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Science in Electrical/Electronics Engineering Technology, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Technology, or Bachelor of Applied Science, depending on the university. The bachelor’s degree generally includes units covering physics, mathematics, computer science, project management, and a variety of topics in electrical engineering. Initially such topics cover most, if not all, of the subdisciplines of electrical engineering. At some schools, the students can then choose to emphasize one or more subdisciplines towards the end of their courses of study.
An example circuit diagram, which is useful in circuit design and troubleshooting.
At many schools, electronic engineering is included as part of an electrical award, sometimes explicitly, such as a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical and Electronic), but in others, electrical and electronic engineering are both considered to be sufficiently broad and complex that separate degrees are offered.
Some electrical engineers choose to study for a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Engineering/Master of Science (MEng/MSc), a Master of Engineering Management, a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Engineering, an Engineering Doctorate (Eng.D.), or an Engineer’s degree. The master’s and engineer’s degrees may consist of either research, coursework or a mixture of the two. The Doctor of Philosophy and Engineering Doctorate degrees consist of a significant research component and are often viewed as the entry point to academia. In the United Kingdom and some other European countries, Master of Engineering is often considered to be an undergraduate degree of slightly longer duration than the Bachelor of Engineering rather than a standalone postgraduate degree.


The internet of things (IoT) is revolutionising businesses, from the ways they interact with customers to the factory floor. We explore the role of IoT from manufacturing to customer service to telecommunications
The internet of things (IoT) represents the intersection of the physical and the digital, hence its enormous usefulness to businesses looking to get concrete results out of digital transformation. Defined by Gartner as “the network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or the external environment”, it’s obvious that the technology can enable a broad range of possibilities across different industries. Here, we dive deeper into just a few such applications.
Increased capacity for communication between devices using the internet of things has enabled collaborative robots to work alongside humans in a factory setting. Data collected form IoT-enabled devices can also be analysed to make improvements or construct digital twins of real world spaces for yet more insights. Industrial conglomerate Honeywell is one of many players in the space. It says the industrial internet of things has the capacity to improve performance, availability, reliability, safety and security by connecting people with processes and assets.
It’s not just the factory floor that is experiencing an IoT revolution, with even the way we interact with companies being transformed. IoT is shifting responsibility from companies to consumers in areas such as ordering food at a restaurant or buying tickets at a cinema, thanks to IoT-enable self-service machines. We spoke to Jacques Mangeot, the CEO of Acrelec, a manufacturer of digital signage and pay stations, whose customers include McDonalds, Starbucks and Burger King, and which recently raised over US$220mn in funding.
“Studies have shown that the use of self-ordering kiosks results in increased spending,” says Mangeot. “Kiosks do a great job at upselling products and provide the customer with detailed information which positively affects their purchasing decision. A great example of this can be found in a study conducted by McDonalds, one of our most well-known clients. The research showed that the average order size using a kiosk is as much as a dollar higher, while 20% of customers who didn’t initially order a drink bought one when it was offered.”
The company’s approach has been validated by the installation of 40,000 of its devices across 70 countries, facilitating two billion transactions per year. “Apart from increasing sales, speeding up the checkout process and improving consumer engagement, our kiosks are driven by real customer insight and offer invaluable data and analytics to further improve the consumer journey,” says Mangeot. “ The use of self-service kiosks also means that businesses can save resources, particularly staff time. Processing orders can be extremely time-consuming, but with self-checkouts the queue size is automatically reduced, giving staff more time to prepare orders and keep things running smoothly at peak times. Acrelec simply makes the Smart Restaurant a reality.”
It’s worth also considering the role of the telecommunications industry in enabling the rapid expansion of IoT. An evolution of standards has enabled the easier connectivity of devices, with the likes of NB-IoT and LTE-M being low power, wide area technologies specifically designed for the needs of IoT devices. The coming of 5G and the associated increase in speeds will make IoT devices smarter, while also generating huge amounts of data and potential security risks.
Telecommunications industry body GSMA produced a white paper on the subject, in collaboration with Ericsson and others, detailing the potential benefits to IoT provided by the next generation of communications technology: “Mobile IoT delivers connectivity on a massive scale today and will continue to do so in the 5G future enabling key IoT applications such as smart metering to help reduce energy consumption, smart logistics to enhance distribution efficiency and smart environmental monitoring to reduce city pollution.”
IoT, then, is making headway across a broad range of industries, and offering transformative new approaches to old problems. Gartner predicts that the enterprise and automotive IoT market alone will feature 5.8 billion endpoints in 2020, with utilities being the standout adopter. “Electricity smart metering, both residential and commercial will boost the adoption of IoT among utilities,” said Peter Middleton, senior research director at Gartner, in a press release. “Physical security, where building intruder detection and indoor surveillance use cases will drive volume, will be the second largest user of IoT endpoints in 2020.”
Forecasting even further into the future, IDC predicts that IoT devices will generate 79.4 zettabytes of data in 2025, from 41.6 billion IoT devices. In a press release, Carrie MacGillivray, group vice president, IoT, 5G and Mobility at IDC, said: "As the market continues to mature, IoT increasingly becomes the fabric enabling the exchange of information from 'things', people, and processes. Data becomes the common denominator – as it is captured, processed, and used from the nearest and farthest edges of the network to create value for industries, governments, and individuals' lives. Understanding the amount of data created from the myriad of connected devices allows organizations and vendors to build solutions that can scale in this accelerating data-driven IoT market."
IoT-enabled smart devices are becoming an ever more present part of our lives, whether that’s the smart speakers in our homes or the many more unseen ways IoT is impacting the products we buy and the ways we consume them.


GPU as a Service Market is characterized by R&D for vector processing and parallelism capabilities resulting in new algorithms and graphics design. Moreover, the increasing investments in AI platform and VR by players such as NVIDIA, Google, Intel, and Microsoft will improve the market potential and reliability on their GPU products.
GPU as a Service Market helps in delivering enhanced images, including optical effects, seamless motion, and intricate shapes at a faster pace. The market is booming due to increase in demand for visual effects in gaming and entertainment applications. Also, the improved performance and functionality of the GPU have made them coprocessors for the computation, fostering the market growth.
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GPU as a Service Market is estimated to be surpass USD 5.7 billion by 2024. The GPU has become vital component in high performance computing, self-driven cars, AI and, is called as future of computing. In high-end applications, GPU is being used with CPU to accelerate deep learning, analytics, machine learning, and applications for platforms ranging from drones, search engines, cars to interactive speech, video games and much more.
The GPU on cloud is gaining importance due to growing use of applications on GPU hardware such as deep learning, AI, speech and voice recognition or NLP, data-mining, and real-time rendering. These applications benefit from scaling to multi servers and clusters that has high speed network interconnects.
The increase in the use of integrated GPUs compared to traditional ones used in workstations is attributing to the need of enhanced visual content. In addition, users are demanding improved graphics in games and entertainment industry, resulting in the need for CAD/CAM and imaging solutions. The market is competitive with increased focus on R&D for vector processing and parallelism capabilities resulting into new algorithms and graphics designer. Also, the initiatives taken by players such as NVIDIA in understanding AI and VR will improve the market revenue.
In order to meet customer new and improved demands, companies have started offering enhanced version of graphics through integrated GPUs with the adoption of advanced technologies of 3D imaging and mapping. Thus, vendors have started offering cloud services for GPU to improve the market potential.
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North America will dominate the market in 2016, approx. accounting for 35% and is expected to maintain its majority by 2024, due to increase in the use of cloud computing and use of graphics technologies in various industries. Moreover, the region has established providers who are collaborating with software providers to offer their products on cloud. Asia Pacific (APAC) has huge opportunities owing to the increase in the number of gamers, internet reach, action movies, and improving real-estate industry. The region is the fastest growing market due to investment in infrastructure and initiatives taken by government.
Some of the key participants in the GPU as a Service market include NVIDIA, AMD, Google, Amazon, Intel. Microsoft, S3, and IBM. The industry is characterized by presence of graphics providers, integrators provider, cloud providers, security providers, and software providers.
Browse key industry insights spread across 195 pages with 230 market data tables & 13 figures & charts from the report, GPU as a Service Market in detail along with the table of contents:
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Stunning and shimmering galaxies have been revealed in an incredible series of pictures released by the European Space Agency.
The images, from the agency's deep-space telescope Euclid, which was launched from the famous NASA site at Cape Canaveral in Florida four months ago, capture a group shot of 1,000 galaxies in a cluster 240 million light-years away, against a backdrop of more than 100,000 galaxies billions of light-years away. A light-year is 5.8 trillion miles.
The Hubble Space Telescope and other closer-to-Earth instruments, have observed these celestial landscapes before, but never at the “razor-sharp" resolutions Euclid is capable of providing.
The agency said the "astronomical images across such a large patch of the sky, and looking so far into the distant universe,” was a first. The space agency’s science director, Carole Mundell, added: “Dazzling,” as she showed off the galaxy cluster shot on a large screen at the control centre in Germany.
Mundell said that the results are “crystal-clear and stunning images going back in cosmic time,” because Euclid’s instruments are sensitive enough to pick up the smallest galaxies, which were too faint to see until now. The Euclid telescope was launched in July on board a SpaceX rocket on a six-year mission.
It took a month to reach its destination and has now begun sending its discoveries back to Earth as it continues to investigate how dark matter and dark energy influenced the way our universe looks today. The telescope snapped pictures of a relatively close spiral galaxy that is a ringer for our own Milky Way.
Although the Hubble Space Telescope previously observed the heart of this galaxy, Euclid’s shot reveals star formation across the entire region, scientists said. Mundell added: "Dark matter pulls galaxies together and causes them to spin more rapidly than visible matter alone can account for – dark energy is driving the accelerated expansion of the universe. Euclid will for the first time allow cosmologists to study these competing dark mysteries together.
"Euclid will make a leap in our understanding of the cosmos as a whole, and these exquisite Euclid images show that the mission is ready to help answer one of the greatest mysteries of modern physics." Euclid also took fresh photos of the Horsehead Nebula in the constellation Orion, a dramatic nursery of baby stars made famous by Hubble.
It took Euclid just an hour to capture the nebula – the five new photos accounted for less than a day of observing time. By measuring the shape and movement of galaxies as far as 10 billion light-years away, astronomers hope to learn more about the dark energy and matter that makes up 95 percent of the universe.
The observatory will survey billions of galaxies over the next six years, creating the most comprehensive 3D map of the cosmos ever made. NASA is a partner in the £1.3bn ($1.5bn) mission and supplied the telescope’s infrared detectors – the US agency will also launch its own telescope, called Roman, in 2027.
Euclid orbits the sun some one million miles (1.6 million kilometres) from Earth. The telescope is named after a mathematician from ancient Greece. Observing the shapes using the infrared sensors, the team behind Euclid hopes to create the largest cosmic 3D map ever made. Its sensors enable it to create a remarkably clear image across a huge swathe of the sky in just one sitting. The newly released images have allowed the team to zoom in on previously unseen distant galaxies in sharp focus.
Rene Laureijs, the mission’s lead scientist, said: "We have never seen astronomical images like this before, containing so much detail. They are even more beautiful and sharp than we could have hoped for, showing us many previously unseen features in well-known areas of the nearby universe. Now we are ready to observe billions of galaxies, and study their evolution over cosmic time.
Euclid Project Manager, Giuseppe Racca, added: "Our high standards for this telescope paid off – that there is so much detail in these images, is all thanks to a special optical design, perfect manufacturing, and assembly of telescope and instruments, and extremely accurate pointing and temperature control."
One of the first galaxies Euclid observed is the aptly named "Hidden Galaxy," also known as IC 342 or Caldwell 5, while one of the most staggering images is of the 1,000 galaxies belonging to the Perseus Cluster, and the more than 100,000 additional galaxies further away in the background.
ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher said: “I wish to congratulate and thank everyone involved with making this ambitious mission a reality, which is a reflection of European excellence and international collaboration. The first images captured by Euclid are awe-inspiring and remind us of why it is essential that we go to space to learn more about the mysteries of the Universe.”


On Friday 24th of September Professor Ton Koonen received a royal distinction “Ridder in the Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw” during the symposium “Optical Networks – communication fabric of our society”, preceding his valedictory lecture “Light work(s)”.
Optical technologies are permeating all layers of communication networks, from optical fibre links crossing the oceans to fibre connections to every home, and are now at the verge of entering our homes too. Without these, the internet as we know it would not have existed, neither all the lifelines which are keeping our society together in times of society lockdowns.
This article is based on Prof. Ton Koonen’s valedictory lecture, it contains some parts of the lecture and its goal is to give a short overview of the evolution of optical communication technologies.
“At the end of my formal appointment of more than 20 years as a full-time professor at TU Eindhoven, I would like to take you on a sight-seeing journey through what happened over all these years and how happy I have been to contribute my piece parts.
Before TU/e, I was in industry for another 20 years, the last nine years of which I was already partly involved in academia as a part-time professor at the University of Twente. All these years have been dynamic and it has been a great pleasure to be involved in the incredibly fast-evolving world of optical communication from its early years onward. When you enjoy your work, it does not feel heavy, it feels ‘light’… Hence the title of my valedictory lecture, ‘Light work(s)’, where ‘light’ has a dual meaning: ‘light’ as an adjective to indicate that the work in this domain has been a real pleasure and ‘light’ as a noun to describe how light really is a very important vehicle which has enormous power to carry information and thus keep our society together… Communication by means of light has been my ‘Leitmotiv’ all these years. It has been my drive for even more than 42 years.
In my valedictory lecture, I would like to introduce you to the wonderful world of optical communication. I plan to highlight, in particular, how optical communication evolved from a technology which connects big entities, like cities and industrial parks, to a technology which is reaching out to individual users, to their homes and offices, and even inside these buildings in order to extend the information highway all the way up to your devices. Fibre-to-the-Home has been installed in many cities in the Netherlands and ever more homes are being connected. As a next step, fibre will also enter the home, preferably in combination with technologies for connecting your devices wirelessly.”
On the global scale
Figure 1: Optical fibre networks – the fabric of our information society.
Over the last five decades, a very fast evolution of optical fibre networks has taken place. Whereas fibre links originally started as a powerful alternative to copper-based long-distance links between cities, they have expanded their territory a lot: at one end spanning across the whole globe and at the other end penetrating end user’s homes; see Figure 1. There are many fibre-optic cables crossing the oceans, such as those bridging the Atlantic Ocean from Western Europe to the US east coast over some 6000 km and those across the Pacific Ocean from the US west coast to Japan via Hawaii over some 9000 km .
The optical fibre was invented in 1966 by Charles Kao together with George Hockham at STL laboratories in the UK. I once met Charles Kao at a conference banquet in Hong Kong; it was truly unique to meet the founder of fibre optics in person. Kao received a Nobel Prize only in 2009, unfortunately a bit too late as he was not in a good mental health anymore. At Corning, USA, Donald Keck, Peter Schultz, and Robert Maurer produced the first optical fibre in 1970, but it still had large losses of about 20 decibels(dB)/km. Since then, enormous progress has been made in the purification of fibre glasses and in the control of production processes. Nowadays, fibre losses are as low as 0.17 dB/km, allowing a reach of more than 100 km. With its tiny single-mode core diameter of only about 9 mm, the transmission capacity of a single fibre has grown immensely to beyond 1 Tbit/s (i.e. 1000 Gbit/s) per wavelength, with room for over 100 wavelengths in the 1.5 mm wavelength bands where fibre losses are lowest.
Single-mode optical fibre has much lower losses than coaxial copper cables and also much higher bandwidth, so no wonder that they have taken over in long-haul transmission links. But maybe the most impactful difference which optical fibre brings with respect to copper cables, is that fibre offers an extra dimension for the transmission of signals, namely the wavelength dimension. In a fibre, photons carry the information. These light particles have a wide range of colours and each colour can be a separate transport channel within the same fibre. The fibre thus actually becomes a multi-lane highway in which each lane offers tremendous capacity and is independent of the other lanes. In copper cables, electrons carry the information and do not come in different colours.
Connecting the cities
Communication networks are obviously not only about transporting signals from A to B but also need to bring signals to many different places according to the required destination. So, the signals need to be routed in the nodes of the network. And again, the extra dimension of wavelength makes optical routers much more powerful than electrical ones.
In particular, we have done a lot of investigations into all-optical routers. By using tuneable wavelength conversion techniques, the incoming signals can be internally converted to other wavelengths and passive wavelength-routing devices then bring the signals to the desired output ports. The signals thus stay within the optical domain and are not first converted to electrical signals, switched and then converted back into optical ones; this would happen in electrical routing nodes. It may be compared to driving with your car to a roundabout and choosing the right exit: of course, you prefer to stay in your car and do not want to get out, walk to that exit and get into another car.
The traffic in telecommunication networks has predominantly become internet traffic, so traffic streams are therefore constituted by packets of data. These packets need to each be routed to their specific destination. Within the network nodes, very fast switching is needed to bring subsequent packets to the right addresses. The packet contains a label which indicates what its next address should be. The packet switching is controlled by the routing table, which reads the packet’s label and determines which new label should be attached to the packet in order to get it to the right next node. This so-called label swapping should be done without changing the data contents of the packet.
In our group, we have investigated a range of optical technologies for this label-controlled packet routing while keeping the data in the optical domain in order to avoid limiting the node’s throughput capacity. In the European Commission funded project STOLAS (Switching Technologies for Optically-Labeled Signals), which I was happy to lead, we have adopted a general architecture in which tuneable wavelength converters change the wavelength of each packet .
In the capitals of data
Besides routing packets in the network nodes, optical packet switching has become highly important in internet data centres which have to route massive amounts of packetized information among the huge number of servers inside the centre. The networks inside a data centre are also largely based on fibre, and optical routing between the servers without needing to do optical-to-electrical signal conversion and vice-versa can save a lot of energy and reduce internal delays. Data centres are consuming lots of energy and, with the booming growth of internet traffic, they have ever more work to do. So, saving energy and increasing speed through optical routing and signal processing techniques is highly relevant.
To and in the house
Fibre-to-the-Home (FttH) makes it possible to extend the optical superhighway all the way down to the user’s home so that the last connection to the home is no longer the bottleneck in getting broadband services to the user . Twisted pair copper cables were originally installed for telephony and have served as the final link to the user for decades, but these are inherently narrowband and need advanced signal processing to achieve higher data speeds.
Coaxial copper cables were originally installed for cable TV and have a pretty large bandwidth of about 1 GHz. But again, they have a limited reach and need intermediate amplifiers in street cabinets to reach out to users’ homes. Data transport at higher speeds can be achieved, up to some hundreds of Mbit/s. Both twisted pair copper cable access networks and coaxial copper cable access networks need to be upgraded each time when users require higher capacity and it is apparent that such networks are not future-proof as internet usage is increasing fast. The upper parts of these networks have already largely been replaced by optical fibre.
For twisted copper pair cables, the urgency is the highest, so KPN, Open Dutch Fibre (with T-Mobile) and (more recently) Delta have already spent much effort on installing fibre all the way to the home. They have ambitious plans to connect every home in the Netherlands before the end of this decade. With FttH, connection speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s are typically offered, which is satisfactory for many residential services. For example, downloading the Lord of the Rings trilogy of 61 gigabytes would require 5.4 hours with a 25 Mbit/s DSL line, whereas this can be done in 8.1 minutes with a 1 Gbit/s fibre line.
Light in each home
Although the information highway can be extended to each home with FttH, there is still a last bridge to cross in order to reach users: the indoor network. As of today, there may be a variety of cable networks in each home, each tailored to particular kinds of services: twisted copper pairs for fixed telephone and fax (although mostly obsolete by now…), coaxial copper cables for video and radio equipment, cat-5 or cat-6 cables for connecting Wi-Fi routers, desktop computers, servers, printers, scanners, etc. Communication may even run on the 220 V power supply lines by means of power-line-communication (PLC) units. This jungle of networks complicates the installation, maintenance and upgrading of services as well as the interactions among these networks. Optical fibre is a broadband medium which can carry many services independently of each other, making it an ideal candidate to unite all of these into a single network.
It is fully up to the users which network(s) they want to have inside a house and they are not restricted by public network operators. However, silica single-mode fibre, as used in FttH lines, cannot easily be handled by unskilled users; this is brittle and needs high-precision tools to join two fibres. Two decades ago, initiated by Djan Khoe, we had therefore already started to investigate plastic optical fibre (POF) which features a large light-guiding core as well as high ductility. POF is therefore easy to install in a do-it-yourself fashion. Due to its relatively large losses, its use is restricted to short links of a few tens of meters only, but this is sufficient in many home scenarios. It also has a limited bandwidth due to its large core. We have investigated advanced multitone signal processing techniques and managed to still get Gigabit/s Ethernet speeds over indoor links with these.
Increasingly, the user wants to not be bound by a wire, and indoor wireless communication by means of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies is becoming more abundant. This is also driven by the upcoming Internet of Things wherever more home appliances need to be connected wirelessly. Typically, such wireless connections are made by radio technologies, notably Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. But these technologies have limited reach and need to be fed by a wired network for which fibre is the preferable future-proof unifying medium. A lot of research in our group is therefore being done on in-building optical fibre networks, through which we study how to transport and steer radio signals over fibre.
Just after I joined TU/e, we started to explore how we could combine the best of two worlds: freedom of movement through wireless connectivity enabled by radio techniques such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and transparent broadband connectivity throughout the whole house by means of a fibre backbone network. We started radio-over-fibre research in 2001. In order to transport high-frequency radio signals over bandwidth-limited indoor large-core fibre, I proposed a technique which we called ‘optical frequency multiplying’. This technique, which we patented , can generate an extremely pure radio carrier wave at mm-wave frequencies, which can thus carry high data rate radio signals. This is dispersion-robust, so can readily be applied in dispersive indoor multimode fibre networks.
Moreover, we are at the verge of a new NWO (Dutch Research Council) Perspektief program ‘Optical Wireless Superhighways’ (OWC), which I am happy to lead together with Prof. Eberhard Gil of TU Delft, including for some time beyond my retirement. It will explore the opportunities of OWC at all length scales, ranging from ultra-long links between satellites to short links within indoor rooms. In this program, researchers from TU/e, TU Delft, the University of Twente, the University of Leiden and the Free University of Amsterdam and a range of industrial partners will work closely together.
Optical wireless is right around the corner. It is remarkable that optical communication itself actually started with optical wireless: in ancient history, the Greeks relayed the news of the falling of Troy to Athens by means of fires on mountain tops. Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter invented the photophone in Feb. 1880 and Bell considered this as his most important invention. Ships use wireless communication between them via morse code with optical signal lamps. Today’s research on optical wireless communication may be seen as an exciting continuation of this journey, expanding it from its historical embryonic start into a powerful future of pervasive optical communication. Moreover, the Netherlands has been the cradle of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and our BROWSE technology  may prove to be another successful wireless technology from the Netherlands.
Featured image by Denny Müller on Unsplash. This article is a summary of the booklet made by the TU/e on the occassion of the valedictory lecture of Professor Koonen. The booklet was produced by the Communicatie Expertise Centrum TU/e.
- Submarine Cable Map https://www.submarinecablemap.com/.
- A.M.J. Koonen, N. Yan, J. J. V. Olmos, I. T. Monroy, C. Peucheret, E. van Breusegem, E. Zouganeli, “Label-controlled optical packet routing—technologies and applications,” IEEE J. of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1540-1550, 2007.
- A.M.J. Koonen, “Fiber to the Home/Fiber to the Premises: what, where, and when?”, IEEE Proceedings, vol. 94, no. 5, May 2006, pp. 911-934.
- A.M.J. Koonen, “Werkwijze en stelsel voor het via een multi-modus optische vezel overdragen van microgolfsignalen” (Method and system for transport of microwave signals via a multimode optical fibre), Dutch patent NL1019047, issued April 2, 2003.
- A.M.J. Koonen, K.A. Mekonnen, Z. Cao, F. Huijskens, N.-Q. Pham, E. Tangdiongga, “Ultra-high-capacity wireless communication by means of steered narrow optical beams,” Philosoph. Trans. A, Mar. 2020, 19 pp. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0192


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Recently, two group standards, T/CRRA 1303-2022 "Guidance of Comprehensive Utilization of Data Center Resources" and T/CRRA 1304-2022 "Comprehensive Utilization of Data Center Resources Management Specifications for Take-back and Treatment Enterprise ", led by Jiangxi Green Recycling Co.,Ltd.(GER), were officially released and formally implemented today.
With the relentless improvement of artificial intelligence, big data technology and social informatization, China's Internet data center, cloud computing and other Internet infrastructure have leaped forward, and the growth rate of China's data center market have taken the lead in the world. Meanwhile, the rapid growth comes with the retirement and scrapping of a large number of data centers. It is predicted that the scrapping volume of servers in China will reach more than 5 million by 2025. However, at present, there is no standard on the recycling and reuse of data centers in China, policy support is needed for industry supervision, as well as information and data security, and the disposal management of hazardous wastes such as scrapped circuit boards from data centers need to be strengthened.
In order to promote that data centers develop in an intensive, recycling and green way with high efficiency and low carbon, and help China achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, GER, a leading enterprise of electronic waste in China, has pioneered in exploring the compliance recycling and treatment of data centers in the industry. The company carried out the whole process identification and control of scrapped servers by establishing a traceable informatization management platform and information security management system and passing the dual certification of ISO27001 Information Security Management System and ISO20000 Information Technology Service Management System. It has carried out the research and industrialization demonstration of remanufacturing of high-value data information products, and completely constructed a comprehensive utilization system of data center resources integrating the recycling, disassembly, remanufacturing of waste electronic appliances and deep processing of circuit boards. It has effectively solved the problems of standardized disposal and operation and maintenance management of retired data centers in the fields of communication, Internet, public institutions, energy, finance and so on, ensured the security of information and data, and improved the level of resource recycling.
GER Hard Disk Crushing System
GER Green Processing Line of Circuit Board
Remanufacturing Demonstration Line
GER Information Security Management System and Information Technology Service Management System Certification
The formulation of the above two standards has played a positive role in promoting the standardization development of the comprehensive utilization industry of data center resources by opening the standardization development of the industry, and further improving the evaluation mechanism of green data center construction in China.


Severn Trent customers are now offered video calling service to report leaks
Thursday 1st November 2018
Severn Trent is now offering a video calling service that allows its customers to speak ‘face-to-face’ with an engineer when they report a leak.
The company has rolled out the new video calling service across its region, with the system allowing customers to report leaks using their smartphones and to interact directly with a virtual field team of engineers through video.
The service, which is part of an innovative programme of work that Severn Trent is undertaking to help reduce leakage, allows engineers to assess the leak at the first point of contact and to raise the correct type of work that will be required to fix it, which will cut response time as there is no need for an initial site visit.
Rob Ryder, Technology and Data Lab Manager at Severn Trent, said: “Nearly everyone now has access to a smartphone, so it’s only right we take advantage of any technology that offers us the chance to improve the way we interact with our customers.
“Sometimes explaining a water leak in detail can be tricky but, by using the video call service, our virtual field team can see the leak right away, assess it and get a job raised straight away which allows us to fix it even more quickly.”
As part of the initial trial, Severn Trent’s virtual team have been able to review three times as many leaks compared to engineers who would have had to travel to each leak location, freeing up more time for field workers to focus on getting the leak fixed straight away.
The company says that, since launching the service in September, more than 50% of its customers reporting leaks are choosing to use the video call option and that the average time to fix a leak reported through video call is now half the usual timeframe.
“We’re always looking at new, innovative ways to reduce leakage,” said Rob. “Video calling not only allows us to fix leaks more quickly, it also means we’re improving the service customers receive.”
The project has been delivered by Severn Trent’s in-house Tech and Data Lab team, which has been created to think more like a ‘start-up’ when it comes to solving some of the challenges the company faces.
The team, along with support from Fluxx as part of the Atkins Digital Incubator, test new propositions using rapid, small-scale experiments where ideas are validated and scaled in a matter of weeks.
The team are now exploring how video calling can be used across a range of other services for the company.
The Severn Trent Virtual Field Team are available to take video calls for leaks between 7am and 6pm Monday to Friday.


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The DS-7000 is certified for maximum dictation accuracy by Dragon, maker of industry-leading NaturallySpeaking voice recognition software. The recorder and included ODMS software are fully compatible with Dragon NaturallySpeaking, creating efficient voice recognition workflows.
The DS-7000 from Olympus: It’s truly revolutionary voice productivity.
The DS-7000’s redesigned, speech-optimized microphone is independently housed for flawless sound reproduction. It offers multiple recording modes, as well as two quality levels – QP (16 kHz/28 kbps) and SP (12 kHz/13.7 kbps).
✓ = CompatibleX = Not Compatible✓* = Not Supported
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APC Smart-UPS Charge Mobile Battery – UPS – 388 Watt – 400 VA – Li-Ion
APC Smart-UPS Charge Mobile Battery is a lithium-ion battery system designed to power Microsoft Surface Hub 2 on-the-go for over 100 minutes,so you stay connected regardless of the location.
- LED status indicators
- Quickly understand unit and power status with visual indicators.
- Lithium-ion battery
- Lithium-ion batteries provide twice the service life of a typical lead acid battery and are small,light and environmentally friendly.
- USB connection
- Use your PC to access additional power protection and management features for your UPS via a USB port.
Boxed and brand new.


Saratoga CONTACT CLEANSER quickly and completely removes dust, coats of rust, layers of grease and welding flux from electric and electronic machinery. It eliminates current loss and restores circuits’ original characteristics. Do not use on electric machinery which generate sparks while in operation. Does not corrode metal or rubber, and can be used on most plastic materials and paints. Evaporates quickly without leaving residues; does not affect conductivity. Ideal for electric and electronic machinery, electric motors, panels and printed circuits, PCs, stereos, precision optical tools, video cameras and other similar objects.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE: spray onto the piece of machinery to be cleaned. Let the solvents evaporate. Repeat the operation as necessary.
|EAN Code: |
8 005860 542457


The Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience (SFN) in 2023 will take place from November 11th to 15th in Washington, D.C., United States. SFN is the largest neuroscience conference in the world, with over 30,000 professionals from more than 80 countries attending each year. Established in 1969, the Society for Neuroscience is a non-profit organization dedicated to understanding the brain and the nervous system. It currently has nearly 38,000 members in over 90 countries and has over 130 chapters worldwide.
YEERAN will be participating in this conference and showcasing our new product, ULTIMUS 9 LAB, an advanced ultrasound imaging system. ULTIMUS 9 LAB utilizes state-of-the-art super-resolution ultrasound technology and finds wide applications in fields such as neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, abdominal organ diseases, reproductive development research, and microvascular-related studies.
ULTIMUS 9 LAB super-resolution ultrasound imaging technology offers significant advantages in the field of brain functional neuroimaging. Compared to traditional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), it provides superior imaging quality and functionality. By monitoring changes in cerebral vascular volume, it enables alternative monitoring of brain activity, providing a novel tool and perspective for neuroscience research. It achieves ultra-fast and sub-micron deep-brain imaging while accurately measuring cerebral vascular and related hemodynamic parameters. Additionally, it can characterize hemodynamic features of cerebral aneurysms, providing comprehensive data for neurological research.
We look forward to sharing our innovative achievements with top neuroscience experts and industry leaders from around the world and sincerely welcome their feedback. We will continue our efforts to contribute intelligence and strength to the further development of neuroscience. You are warmly invited to visit our booth #2831.


Leica Geovid 8x42 HD-B 3000
The new Leica Geovid 8x42 HD-B 3000 allows for the first time ever a linear distance determination of up to 2,500 meters. The Leica Geovid HD-B 3000 offers a globally unique combination of ABC ballistic, optical quality and ergonomic design. The ballistic measurement values are available in three output formats: bridging, click adjustment and equivalent horizontal range (EPD). Air pressure, temperature, and angle are also included in the measurements and calculate the correct target with the highest precision. With a microSD memory card and the Leica ballistic calculator, users can import their individual ballistic parameters into their Leica Geovid HD-B 3000 and thus receive measurement data that is perfectly adjusted to load and caliber. In addition to the improved distance determination for long distances, this model is equipped with a newly designed LED display, which allows excellent readability of the measured data under all light and weather conditions.


In case you are looking for the Swipe connect star flash file, this article will be helpful for you. We have provided you with an original Swipe connect star flash file and explained to install the same. Read the article till the end to know more about it.
In this section of the article, we have explained a list of certain things that you will have to do before you can start installing the Swipe connect star flash file. These things will help install the flash file easily.
- Initially, you will have to be aware of the technicalities of the process. In case you are not aware of the technicalities, you need to seek help from an expert. Always remember to use the tutorial for the specified device only.
- Next, you would know that you will lose all the data after the completion of the process. So, you need to create a backup of all the data.
- You will also have to use the device till the end of the process. So, you need to charge the device completely or at least up to 70 percent.
- It is a must to download the firmware file and driver file for the device from an authenticated source and according to the device that you are using. Also, look for the latest version of the tool file.
Steps to Install Swipe Connect Star Flash File
In this section of the article, we have explained how you can complete the flashing process. Below we have mentioned all the steps that you need to follow to install the Swipe connect star flash file on the device. Read all the steps properly and follow them in the same way as mentioned.
- First, you need to download the MediaTek driver on the system. Now, click on the downloaded file and open the installation window. Follow all the instructions appearing on the screen to complete the installation process. In case the driver is already available on the system, skip the step.
- After this, you will have to download the stock firmware file for the device and then extract the contents of the firmware file.
- Next, you will have to download the SP flash tool on the system. You will now have to extract the contents of the tool file.
- Once done, you need to open the extracted tool folder and then click on the flash tool on the system. The tool window will then open on the screen.
- In the tool window, you will have to click on the scatter-loading option and download agent option. The scatter file will be present in the stock ROM that you have extracted.
- You will then have to untick the checkbox for preloader.bin. You must do this because if you won’t, you can brick the device.
- Next, you will have to click on the download option to begin the flashing process.
- Now, you will have to turn off the device and then connect it to the system with the help of a USB cable. Also, you need to press the volume up button of the device so that the tool can detect the device.
- When the tool will detect the device, the process of flashing will begin.
- Wait for the process to complete. On completion, a green ring will appear on the screen.
- Finally, detach the cable and terminate the tool window.
So, this is it. You have successfully installed the Swipe connect star flash file on the device. We have tried to provide you with all the important information that you need to know about installing the Swipe connect star flash file. We hope that the article has helped you.


- May. 25, 2020
- The organizing committee has decided to postphone the conference in 2021 due to the outbreak of COVID-19.
- Feb. 13, 2020
- This conference will be supported by Bunkyo City (local government).
- Jan. 6, 2020
- A special lecture for public was announced.
- Sep. 26, 2019
- Website of ADMD2020 opened.
The International Symposium on Advanced Display Materials and Devices(ADMD), is a serial
international conference about basic research and development of organic/polymer optoelectronic display materials
and devices. The symposium has been held for many years, organized by Japan, South Korea, China in turn.
The 24th International Symposium on Advanced Display Materials and Devices (ADMD 2020) organized by Chuo University,
will be held from October 16-18, Tokyo, Japan. The symposium of ADMD 2020 will focus on topics:
(1) OLED materials, devices, lighting,display; (2) Liquid crystal materials, devices, display; (3) Micro-LED Display; (4) QD materials, devices, display; (5) TFT materials, devices, panels; (6) Electronic paper materials, devices, panels; (7) Laser display.
- - KATAYAMA, Kenji (Chuo University, Japan, Chair)
- - IKEDA, Tomiki (Chuo University, Japan, Co-chair)
- - PARK, Lee Soon (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Korea)
- - YU, Yanlei (Fudan University, China)
- - ZHANG, Jianhua (Shanghai University, China)
- - KAWATSUKI, Nobuhiro (University of Hyogo, Japan)
- - KANIE, Kiyoshi (Tohoku University, Japan)
- - KURIHARA, Seiji (Kumamoto University, Japan)
- - SEKI, Takahiro (Nagoya University, Japan)
- - SHIONO, Takeshi (Hiroshima University, Japan)
- - TAKATSU, Yoshiharu (DIC Corporation, Japan)
- - HONG, Yongtaek (Seoul National University, Korea)
- - JANG, Jin (Kyung Hee University, Korea)
- - KANG, In-Byeong (LG Display, Korea)
- - KIM, Jang-Joo (Seoul National University, Korea)
- - KWON, Jang Hyuk (Kyung Hee University, Korea)
- - LEE, Wei (Chiao Tung University, Taiwan)
- - PENG, Junbiao (South China University of Technology, China)
- - YANG, Huai (Peking University, China)
The Japanese Liquid Crystal Society
The Society of Polymer Science, Japan
Hitachi Metals Materials Science Foundation
Tokuyama Science Foundation
Support Center for Advanced Telecommunications Technology Research, Foundation
Konica Minolta Science and Technology Foundataion


Every different color tells a different story. It can express warmth, coziness, happiness, romance, or the opposite.
FEEL THE LIGHT
The Beighton Lamp by Aitherium embodies sophistication and is the perfect addition to the modern home. Our magnetized lamps add, 'wow' to any room, bringing vibrant style and encompassing a level of practicality and elegance previously unknown.
Made with sustainably sourced materials, our Beighton Lamp represents the future of technology while supporting the future of our planet.
No strings. No wires. Just science and magnets. Our Beighton Lamp levitates in mid-air with the help of electromagnets in its base and bulb.
With a simple touch to its base, you will experience the mesmerizing, stress-relieving, and focus-enhancing effects of a levitation lamp.
To turn on the lamp you just have to touch the button on the base.
A fail-safe magnet will pull the bulb to the neck of the lamp to prevent it from falling while power outage.


Supercars set to mandate fly-by-wire with Gen3
Tuesday 1st September, 2020 - 5:29pm
Fly-by-wire technology is set to be mandated in the Supercars Championship from 2022 with Gen3.
The electronically controlled throttle allows computers to program a more precise throttle opening compared to a traditional cable that stretches over time.
The technology is widely used in motor racing globally, including Formula 1 where both fly-by-wire and brake-by-wire are used.
Fly-by-wire has been long-mooted for the Virgin Australia Supercars Championship, even as far back as Car of The Future in 2013.
Erebus Motorsport ran with the technology in 2013 with their Mercedes-Benz E63 entries, but later reverted to a conventional cable throttle with its switch back to the Holden Commodore.
Fly-by-wire was trialled by Triple Eight Race Engineering in its converted Holden Sandman Supercar wagon.
However, with the championship set to move to its long-awaited Gen3 platform from 2022, Supercars will introduce the technology.
The implementation may aid in achieving engine parity and could open the door for assisted shifting or hybrid technologies to be introduced.
Among details revealed by Supercars in its recently released tenders was confirmation of a 2765mm wheelbase and 2000mm track/width.
Engines will be capped at 600hp, a further drop of 35hp after Supercars lowered horsepower levels at the beginning of 2020 from 650hp to 635hp to cut costs.
Gen3 will use controlled front and rear suspension componentry and will continue to use an 18-inch by 11-inch wheel.


1. Overview of European XFEL data¶
1.1. Trains and pulses¶
European XFEL generates a “pulse train” of up to 2700 individual X-ray pulses, at a rate of 10 trains per second. Within a train, pulses arrive with a maximum frequency of 4.5 MHz (220 ns between pulses).
Each train receives a unique integer train ID, which is used to find and match up data. Some kinds of data are recorded once per train, while others may be per pulse, or even higher sampling rates.
Information about the pulses generated in each SASE can be recorded with a
BUNCH_DECODER device. This is a subset of the raw ‘bunch pattern’ data
available through a
TIMESERVER device. An example notebook
illustrates how to read this information.
1.2. Sources and keys¶
Data is recorded from various sources. This includes the X-ray detectors which are the main data sources for many experiments, as well as separate sensors such as temperature sensors or devices to measure parameters of the beam. Controllable devices can also be data sources, to record things like motor positions.
Data within each source is organised by keys. For instance, an XGM is an
apparatus for measuring the beam (see [Maltezopoulos2019] for details).
SA1_XTD2_XGM/XGM/DOOCS is the source name of a specific XGM,
beamPosition.ixPos is one of its keys, recording the X position of the
Multi-module detectors typically have a separate source for each module. Various other devices (such as XGMs) are split for technical reasons into one ‘control’ and one ‘instrument’ source, although not all keys of a ‘control’ source can be controlled.
1.3. Tools and services provided by European XFEL¶
Broadly speaking, data analysis at EuXFEL is separated into two categories: online and offline. ‘Online analysis’ refers to realtime analysis of data being streamed during an experiment, and the programs we have for this run on the Online cluster. ‘Offline analysis’ refers to analysis of data that has been saved to files and migrated to the Offline cluster.
The facility provides:
- display of key experimental data during experiment (see Karabo scenes) through the Karabo control system ([Hauf2019]).
- near real-time data streams (“Karabo Bridge”) for user software (see Streaming from Karabo bridge)
- access to saved data files through the Maxwell cluster at DESY
- detector calibration of both streaming (online) and saved (offline) data (see Detector calibration).
- software tools for online and offline analysis (see Data analysis software)
- compute resources, including:
[Fangohr2017] provides some context about the data analysis provisions.
1.3.1. Detector calibration¶
The fast X-ray detectors at European XFEL have some unusual features which pose challenges for processing their output into meaningful scientific data, including on-sensor memory cells and multi-gain-stage architectures. They are also capable of producing on the order of 10 GB per second, so calibrating the data is computationally intensive.
European XFEL aims to provide facility users with a fully corrected and calibrated dataset as the primary data product [KusterCal2014], so the burden of dealing with this calibration falls on the facility, not the users. This concept has been successfully deployed in other scientific communities such as astronomy, space science, and high-energy physics for more than a decade.
Users neither have to provide large amounts of computing resources nor have to have in-depth expertise on detector physics to obtain state-of-the-art corrected and calibrated datasets for their experiments and can thus focus on their scientific analysis. Additionally, comparisons between and data aggregation of different experiments and instruments are simplified as calibration becomes user-independent.
Within the proposal data folder, the
proc/ subfolder contains calibrated
raw/ contains uncalibrated data.
The Karabo Bridge data streams can also offer both calibrated or raw data -
see Streaming from Karabo bridge for details.
1.3.2. Data policies¶
The following summarise the policies around certain kinds of data.
|Raw data:||Raw data represents digitized detector signal, not altered by detector-specific corrections or calibrations; e.g., it is in the form of detector units such as analogue digital units (ADU). Vetoing, either by hard- or software triggers and zero-value suppression (e.g., by transferral to event lists), may have been performed and is irreversible. Raw data is the main archival data product at the European XFEL. It is not foreseen to be exported outside the facility [KusterCal2014].|
|Calib. data:||Calibrated data is generated from raw data by applying detector-specific corrections and transformation to physical units (calibration) - e.g., photons per pixel. Calibrated data is the standard data product with which users will be provided. It is not archived; instead, if a calibrated dataset is requested but not accessible through the online-cache or user-space anymore, it will be reprocessed on the fly from the raw data repository using the appropriate calibration parameters provided by the calibration database.|
|Alignment data:||Alignment data is generated from dedicated alignment measurements, providing the position of each detector pixel and detector module in three-dimensional space. It is stored in the detector coordinate system (i.e., as pixel coordinates) and no additional interpolation or coordinate transformation will be applied. Alignment data is part of the standard data products with which users will be provided.|
|[Fangohr2017]||Fangohr, Hans, et al. “Data Analysis Support in Karabo at European XFEL” ICALEPCS 2017. Available online: http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/icalepcs2017/doi/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUCPA01.html|
|[Hauf2019]||Hauf, Steffen, et al. “The Karabo distributed control system” J. Synchrotron Rad. 26 (2019): 1448-1461. Available online: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519006696|
|[KusterCal2014]||(1, 2) Kuster, Markus, et al. “Detectors and calibration concept for the European XFEL.” Synchrotron radiation news 27.4 (2014): 35-38. Available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08940886.2014.930809.|
|[Maltezopoulos2019]||Maltezopoulos, Theophilos et al. “Operation of X-ray gas monitors at the European XFEL” J. Synchrotron Rad. 26 (2019): 1045-1051. Available online: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600577519003795|


Athens, GA summers are humid and hot. You need an air conditioner that can handle the heat. Ductless AC is flexible and energy-efficient. Here’s why a ductless AC mini-split system could be just what you need:
Ductless AC Has Outstanding Energy Efficiency
The SEER of an air conditioner indicates how efficiently that system will perform. The minimum SEER is 14. Mini-splits have SEER ratings of up to 30.5. Ductless AC also has advanced inverter technology. It runs on high speed to achieve the initial thermostat setting. When the desired temperature is reached, it maintains that temperature by making small adjustments in output using only the energy that’s needed.
An outdoor unit is connected to one or more indoor units by way of tubing. Each indoor unit controls conditions in a separate room or zone. Indoor units have their own thermostats, so you can cool one room without cooling the others.
Many Athens homes lose up to 30 percent of cooled air through leaky ducts. That keeps utility bills high and overworks your air conditioner. Ducts also collect contaminants that can be hazardous to health and damaging to your air conditioner.
Healthy Indoor Air
Mini-split air conditioners have cutting-edge air filtration capability. Indoor air is always circulating through the system, so contaminants are filtered out. Ductless air conditioning can remove up to 99.9 percent of indoor air pollution. Because mini-split systems run at multiple speeds and stay on longer, they remove indoor humidity as well.
These units are easy to maintain, easy to install and feature virtually noiseless operation. Mini-split AC systems can be installed in just one room, in several rooms or throughout the whole house. At Kovack Mechanical, Inc., we have the experience and expertise to correctly size and install these high-tech systems. Call us at (770) 892-6986 to learn more.