The Role of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Online Education Platforms:
Online education has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years, becoming an integral part of the global educational landscape. As technology advances, the integration of virtual reality (VR) into online education platforms has emerged as a transformative force, promising to revolutionize the way students learn and educators teach. In this article, we delve into the role of virtual reality in enhancing online education platforms.
1. Understanding Virtual Reality in Education: Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that creates a simulated environment, often through the use of specialized hardware such as VR headsets. In education, VR aims to transport learners into immersive, three-dimensional worlds, providing an experience that goes beyond traditional online methods. This immersion allows students to engage with content in ways that mimic real-world scenarios, fostering a deeper understanding of complex subjects. Whether exploring historical landmarks, conducting virtual experiments, or navigating mathematical concepts in a spatial context, the potential applications of VR in education are vast.
The immersive nature of VR can captivate students’ attention and interest, making learning more engaging. Traditional online education often relies on text, images, and videos, which might not fully capture the attention of all learners. With VR, students can actively participate in their learning, interacting with the environment and manipulating objects. This dynamic engagement has been shown to enhance information retention, as learners are more likely to remember experiences rather than passively consumed content.
2. Improved Engagement and Retention: One of the most significant advantages of incorporating VR into online education is its impact on student engagement and information retention. Traditional online learning methods sometimes struggle to keep learners actively involved, leading to decreased focus and lower retention rates. VR addresses this challenge by providing an immersive and interactive environment where students are not just consumers of information but active participants in their learning journey.
Studies have shown that the sensory-rich experiences offered by VR contribute to better information retention. The spatial and contextual memory formed in virtual environments can enhance the recall of learned material. For example, medical students using VR simulations for anatomy studies have demonstrated higher retention rates compared to traditional methods. The ability to explore three-dimensional models of organs and systems in VR allows for a more intuitive and memorable learning experience.
3. Real-world Simulations for Practical Learning: VR’s ability to create realistic simulations opens up new avenues for practical learning in diverse fields. Virtual laboratories, simulations, and field trips provide students with hands-on experiences that might be challenging or expensive to replicate in the physical world. For instance, chemistry students can conduct experiments in a virtual lab, manipulating virtual chemicals and observing reactions in a safe and controlled environment.
The practical applications of VR extend beyond the sciences. Industries such as aviation, engineering, and healthcare leverage VR simulations to train professionals in realistic scenarios. Flight simulators, for example, have been a staple in pilot training for years, and VR enhances the fidelity and accessibility of such simulations. This capability allows learners to practice skills, make decisions, and learn from mistakes in a risk-free setting, ultimately enhancing their preparedness for real-world challenges.
4. Customized Learning Paths: VR technology, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), enables the creation of customized learning paths tailored to individual student needs. Traditional online education often follows a one-size-fits-all approach, delivering the same content to all students regardless of their learning styles or paces. VR, with the support of AI algorithms, can adapt the learning experience based on each student’s progress, preferences, and performance.
Adaptive learning in VR involves analyzing a student’s interactions within the virtual environment, tracking their strengths and weaknesses. AI algorithms can then adjust the difficulty level, content sequence, or instructional methods to suit the individual learner. This personalized approach not only accommodates diverse learning styles but also ensures that students receive the support and challenges they need to optimize their educational experience.
5. Overcoming Geographical Barriers: Virtual reality has the power to transcend geographical limitations in education. Traditional online classrooms, while offering flexibility, may still be constrained by the physical locations of students and educators. VR brings a sense of presence and connection by creating virtual classrooms where learners from different parts of the world can converge in a shared educational space.
Virtual classrooms in VR environments mimic the real-world interaction found in physical classrooms. Students can communicate with each other, collaborate on projects, and engage in discussions as if they were in the same room. This not only fosters a sense of community but also exposes learners to diverse perspectives and cultural backgrounds. Additionally, guest lectures, expert sessions, and collaborative projects become more accessible, enriching the overall educational experience for students regardless of their geographic location.
6. Enhanced Teacher Training and Professional Development: Virtual reality extends its transformative impact beyond student learning to the realm of teacher training and professional development. Educators can leverage VR simulations to hone their teaching skills in a risk-free and controlled environment. For example, VR scenarios can replicate challenging classroom situations, allowing teachers to practice effective classroom management, adaptability to diverse student needs, and innovative teaching strategies.
Furthermore, VR can facilitate collaborative professional development sessions, enabling teachers from different locations to engage in simulated workshops, share best practices, and collectively enhance their teaching methods. This immersive training not only improves the skills of individual educators but also contributes to the overall quality of education by fostering a community of well-prepared and adaptable teachers.
7. Addressing Accessibility and Inclusivity: Incorporating virtual reality into online education platforms opens up possibilities for addressing accessibility challenges and promoting inclusivity. VR applications can be designed with features catering to different learning needs and abilities. For instance, subtitles, sign language interpretation, and audio descriptions can be integrated into VR experiences to make content accessible to students with hearing or visual impairments.
Moreover, the customizable nature of VR allows for the creation of interfaces that accommodate various learning preferences. Students can adjust the pace of instruction, choose alternative formats for content presentation, or utilize assistive technologies seamlessly within the virtual environment. By prioritizing accessibility, VR contributes to creating an inclusive educational landscape where all students, regardless of their physical or cognitive abilities, can actively participate and thrive.
8. Ethical Considerations and Challenges: As virtual reality becomes more prevalent in education, it is crucial to address ethical considerations and challenges associated with its implementation. Data privacy is a paramount concern, as VR platforms collect substantial amounts of information about user interactions and behaviors. Strict guidelines and regulations must be in place to ensure the responsible handling and protection of sensitive student data.
Additionally, the digital divide poses a challenge to the widespread adoption of VR in education. Not all students have equal access to the necessary hardware and internet connectivity required for immersive VR experiences. Efforts must be made to bridge this gap, ensuring that all students, regardless of their socioeconomic backgrounds, have equitable access to the benefits of VR-enhanced education.
9. Integration with Emerging Technologies: The synergy between virtual reality and other emerging technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI), amplifies the potential of online education platforms. AR can overlay virtual information onto the real world, providing contextual enhancements to the learning experience. AI algorithms, when integrated with VR, can dynamically adapt content, create realistic simulations, and provide personalized feedback to optimize the learning journey.
For example, AR could enhance historical tours by overlaying information about landmarks in real-time, while AI algorithms could analyze a student’s performance in a VR simulation and offer tailored recommendations for improvement. The integration of these technologies creates a holistic and sophisticated educational ecosystem that aligns with the evolving needs and expectations of learners and educators.
10. Future Prospects: The preceding points illustrate the multifaceted role of virtual reality in enhancing online education platforms. Looking ahead, the future holds even more promising prospects for the intersection of VR and education. Advancements in hardware, software, and AI algorithms are anticipated to refine the immersive qualities of VR, making it an indispensable tool for educators worldwide.
As VR continues to evolve, its potential impact on online education includes refined simulations, increased accessibility, and a broader array of subject applications. The challenges associated with VR, such as ethical considerations and the digital divide, must be met with proactive solutions to ensure the responsible and equitable integration of this technology into educational practices.
In conclusion, the integration of virtual reality into online education platforms signifies a paradigm shift in the way we perceive and engage with learning. By fostering engagement, personalization, and inclusivity, VR has the power to create transformative educational experiences that prepare students for the challenges of the future. As technology advances and educational paradigms evolve, the collaboration between virtual reality and online education is poised to redefine the landscape of learning and teaching.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
What is virtual reality (VR) in education?
Virtual reality in education refers to the use of immersive technologies to create simulated environments that replicate real-world scenarios. It aims to enhance the learning experience by providing interactive and engaging content through VR headsets or other devices.
How does virtual reality improve student engagement and retention in online education?
VR enhances engagement by providing immersive experiences that captivate students’ attention. The spatial and contextual memory formed in virtual environments contribute to better information retention, leading to a deeper understanding of complex subjects.
Can virtual reality be used for practical learning and simulations in online education?
Yes, virtual reality is well-suited for practical learning. VR simulations, virtual laboratories, and field trips provide students with hands-on experiences in a controlled and realistic environment, facilitating practical learning across various subjects and industries.
How does virtual reality enable customized learning paths in online education?
Virtual reality, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), allows for personalized learning experiences. AI algorithms analyze student interactions, adapting the difficulty level, content sequence, and instructional methods based on individual needs and preferences.
What role does virtual reality play in overcoming geographical barriers in online education?
Virtual reality creates virtual classrooms, enabling students from different geographical locations to converge in a shared educational space. This fosters global collaboration, facilitates communication, and exposes learners to diverse perspectives and cultures.
How can virtual reality be utilized for teacher training and professional development in online education?
VR simulations provide educators with a risk-free environment to practice teaching skills and enhance their adaptability to diverse student needs. Virtual workshops and collaborative sessions enable teachers to share best practices and collectively improve their teaching methods.
How does virtual reality address accessibility and inclusivity in online education?
Virtual reality applications can be designed with features such as subtitles, sign language interpretation, and customizable interfaces to cater to different learning needs and abilities. VR contributes to creating an inclusive educational landscape by making content accessible to students with diverse requirements.
What ethical considerations are associated with the use of virtual reality in education?
Ethical considerations include data privacy concerns, as VR platforms collect significant user data. Strict guidelines and regulations are essential to ensure responsible handling and protection of sensitive student information.
How does virtual reality integrate with other emerging technologies in online education?
Virtual reality synergizes with emerging technologies like augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). AR can provide contextual enhancements, while AI algorithms can dynamically adapt content, creating a sophisticated and personalized educational ecosystem.
What are the future prospects for virtual reality in online education?
The future of virtual reality in online education holds promises of refined simulations, increased accessibility, and broader subject applications. Advancements in hardware, software, and AI are expected to further enhance the immersive qualities of VR, redefining the landscape of learning and teaching.
Former Student at Rajshahi University


Current graduate students who are interested in all things related to geospatial information systems, science and technology are encouraged to subscribe to the Geospatial @ UCLA newsletter to learn more about future events and opportunities. Potential graduate students can learn more about the Graduate Program in the Department of Geography, or can send inquiries directly to email@example.com.
The Geographic Information Systems and Technology (GIS&T) Minor provides students with cutting-edge technical knowledge and skills using state-of-the-art information technology, such as geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and global positioning systems (GPS), which are in high demand in business, government, and research. Upon completion of the minor, students are well-positioned to enter the workforce or to pursue advanced degrees in geography or allied fields.
Below is a list of credit-bearing geospatial information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) courses offered by the UCLA Department of Geography.
Geography 7: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (ONLINE)


Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_without_background.png
Because of its central role in the viral infection mechanism, the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein is a major focus of COVID-19-related therapeutics, vaccine and diagnostics development.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensors are valuable tools for research and diagnostics, as they provide an unmatched information depth on various biomolecular interactions with immobilized binders (ligands).
To meet the rapidly increasing demand for COVID-19-related research tools, XanTec presents the first cross-platform, ready-to-use COVID-19 SPR sensor chip. It consists of SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein homogenously preimmobilized on XanTec’s proprietary ultra-low-background polycarboxylate HC surface. This new surface is a versatile tool for various applications in clinical and pharmaceutical COVID-19 R&D and available for the following SPR instruments:
- Biacore® - C, 1000-4000, X100, T100, T200, S200, 8K, 8K+
- Reichert/AMETEK - 2SPR, 4SPR, SR7500DC, SR7000DC
- Carterra* - Carterra LSA
- IBIS - MX 96
- Bruker/Sierra Sensors: SPR-2/4, MASS-1/2, Sierra SPR-24 Pro, Sierra SPR-32
- BioNavis - 200 (OTSO), 400 (KONTIO), 210A (VASA), 220A (NAALI), 420 (ILVES)
- Horiba – XelPlex, OpenPlex
- Sartorius/Molecular Devices – Pioneer, PioneerFE
* For inquiries please contact the instrument manufacturer.
The C19RBDHC30M sensor chip was primarily developed for fast and label-free detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from patient serum for R&D purposes. As the sample matrix contains serum and is thus prone to nonspecific interactions, a highly bioinert chip coating, optimized reagents, and an adapted protocol are essential for highly specific and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
This is where all the optimized characteristics of XanTec’s bioinert polycarboxylate (HC) coating come into play compared with carboxymethyldextran (the coating that is normally used):
- Very low background, even with complex sample matrices like serum.
- Extremely hydrated hydrogel matrix stabilizes the immobilized RBD protein.
- Good permeability for the analytes (antibodies) increases the signal intensity.
- Superior ligand accessibility.
- Negligible mass transport limitation due to very thin hydrogel coating.
The SARS-CoV-2 RBD sensor chips are especially advantageous for imaging SPR (iSPR) systems (e.g., Carterra, IBIS MX96, etc.) in which many patient samples can be applied to the sensor chip surface in parallel to check for an immunological response (IgG, IgA, IgM).
Using the RBD protein in combination with the bioinert polycarboxylate surface ensures high specificity and sensitivity and also prevents false-positive results from samples from patients with earlier coronavirus infections or high nonspecific binding (Figs. 1a & b).
Figure 1a. Overlaid sensorgrams of injected COVID-19-positive and -negative diluted human serum on XanTec SARS-CoV-2 RBD sensor chip. Blue sensorgrams: COVID-19-negative; red sensorgrams: COVID-19 positive. Readout (Response 1) after washing at 1200 sec. Sensor chip: XanTec C19RBDHC30M, Instrument: Reichert 4SPR.
Figure 1b. Improved signal-to-noise ratio by injection of XanTec’s washing buffer. R1 without, and R2 after washing step. P: Positive samples, N: Negative samples. The red dotted line indicates the three-fold nonspecific binding (biological noise) above which a sample is determined as COVID-19-positive after washing buffer injection. E. g., sample 2N becomes clearly negative, while sample 3P can be identified as positive. Sensor chip: XanTec C19RBDHC30M, Instrument: Reichert 4SPR.
To optimize the performance of the C19RBDHC30M sensor chip, we offer the following adapted reagents:
- Referencer Reagent. For many assay developments involving anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, homogeneously prederivatized sensor chips are already a valuable tool. Nonetheless, many instruments require an internal reference surface. As, because of manufacturing restraints, such a reference channel cannot directly be included on the sensor chip, Xantec has developed a “Referencer Reagent”, which inactivates the preimmobilized protein ligand in the reference channel and creates an inert reference surface by means of one short injection.
- Washing buffer. Stringent buffer solution to remove loosely adsorbed sample components, while the specifically bound antibodies remain on the chip surface.
- Mild regeneration buffer that reliably removes most analytes after exposure to human serum or other binders without affecting the structure and activity of the RBD protein.
With the COVID-19 RBD sensor chip and tailored reagents, XanTec brings considerable added value to pharmaceutical, vaccine and diagnostic research and underlines its leadership in the field of SPR sensor chip technology.
- First commercially available cross-platform COVID-19 chip surface.
- Ready-to-use SPR biosensor with preimmobilized SARS-CoV-2 RBD saves time, labor and reagent cost.
- Immobilized SARS-CoV-2 RBD yields more specific signals compared with the complete S1 spike or nucleocapsid protein.
- The underlying HC polycarboxylate hydrogel coating stabilizes the RBD ligand for long-term storage.
- Negligible nonspecific binding from serum proteins without blocking steps drastically reduces the occurrence of false-positive results. In combination with XanTec’s optimized washing buffer, positive and negative samples can be discriminated clearly.
- A mild regeneration buffer allows reuse of the chip surface and makes the assay cost-effective.
For further information regarding XanTec’s product range contact our team at firstname.lastname@example.org.


Features and Benefits
- IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1613, and IEC 60255 compliant for power substation automation systems
- EN 50121-4 compliant for railway wayside applications
- 3rd Gen Intel® Core™ processor (Ivy Bridge)
- 6 Gigabit Ethernet ports for network redundancy
- 2 PCI expansion slots for expansion modules
- 4 high-speed, system-bootable USB 2.0 ports
- Supports dual power inputs: 100 to 240 VAC and 100 to 240 VDC
- Optional IRIG-B expansion module available
The DA-682A-DPP computers have an x86 platform with VGA, 6 Gigabit Ethernet ports, USB, and two PCI ports for DA Series expansion modules. The DA-682A-DPP comes with three different CPU options, and basic models that allow system designers to install the DOM, RAM, and operating system according to their specific requirements.
IEC-61850-3 and IEEE 1613 compliance helps ensure that the DA-682A-DPP can deliver stable and reliable system operations in power applications. Additional value and convenience are provided through a modular design with two independent slots for flexible system integration and expansion. Users have the option to add a variety of different communications modules, including an 8-port RS-232/422/485 module, 8-port RS-422/485 module, 8-port 10/100 Mbps switch module, IRIG-B time synchronization card and a universal PCI expansion module.
The DA-682A-DPP also complies with the IEC 60255 standards to enable the protection of electrical relays in a smart substation. IEC 60255 is one of the most widely used standards for testing relays and protection equipment, and compliance ensures that the DA-682A-DPP will work reliably and seamlessly with IEDs (intelligent electronic devices) as a part of the robust substation automation system.
EN 50121-4 compliance confirms that the DA-682A-DPP can deliver stable and reliable system operations in rail applications. In station ISCS (Integrated Supervisory Control System) and wayside control and monitoring systems, a powerful front-end processor is needed for controlling the local SCADA and traction power relay house. The expandable serial interfaces and Gigabit Ethernet ports enable the integration of station subsystems, including AFC, PAS, PSD, and FAS, on a single platform. For wayside applications, you can also integrate disaster prevention, traction power, and signaling and safety systems to provide an integrated view of your smart rail setup.
Smart Recovery Function
The DA-682A-DPP’s Smart Recovery function minimizes downtime by making it easy to recover from operating system crashes. Engineers who are experts in a particular vertical market may not have enough computer domain knowledge to know how to fix operating system problems. Moxa Smart Recovery™ is an automated BIOS-level software recovery system that allows engineers to automatically trigger OS recovery to minimize downtime.
Proactive Monitoring Function
Moxa Proactive Monitoring is a small-footprint, resource-friendly, easy-to-use utility that allows users to track a number of system parameters. Users can view the current parameter values for these key parts by simply clicking on the icons corresponding to the parameters in the user interface. User-defined key part indicators (KPIs) are used to monitor the computer’s key parts. Visible and/or audio alerts are triggered automatically via relay and SNMP traps when these KPIs exceed their preset threshold values, making it extremely convenient for operators to avoid system downtime by setting up predictive maintenance tasks well in advance.


Professional Mold Thermal Imaging Inspection Services in Huntersville
Thermal imaging for mold detection is a non-invasive technique that uses infrared technology to detect temperature differences on surfaces. These temperature variations can indicate the presence of moisture, which is often a sign of mold growth.
Hire Local Thermal Imaging Inspection Experts Today
Utilizing advanced technology to identify potential mold issues within a property, local thermal imaging inspection experts offer a comprehensive service for homeowners seeking peace of mind.
Thermal imaging for mold detection involves capturing infrared images of a property to pinpoint areas of temperature differences that could indicate moisture intrusion and mold growth. By analyzing these images, experts can identify hidden problem areas that may not be visible to the naked eye.
This non-invasive technique allows for early detection of potential mold issues, enabling prompt remediation before the problem escalates. Homeowners can benefit from the expertise of local thermal imaging inspection professionals who have the knowledge and tools to accurately assess the presence of mold and ensure a safe living environment.
Moisture: Mold’s Best Friend
Moisture acts as a catalyst for mold growth, creating an ideal environment for its development and proliferation. Mold spores are naturally present in the air and can settle and thrive in damp or wet areas. When moisture levels are high, whether due to leaks, humidity, or water damage, mold finds the perfect conditions to flourish.
This is why controlling indoor moisture is crucial in preventing mold infestations. By addressing any sources of excess moisture promptly and ensuring proper ventilation, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of mold growth in their homes or businesses. Understanding the relationship between moisture and mold is key to maintaining a healthy indoor environment free from mold contamination.
Infrared Thermal Imaging: Find the Moisture, Find the Mold
Infrared thermal imaging technology provides a non-invasive method to detect moisture, a common precursor to mold growth. By capturing temperature variations, an infrared camera can pinpoint areas of potential moisture accumulation within a structure.
This precise identification of moisture pockets enables early intervention to prevent mold proliferation.
How an Infrared Camera Detects Mold
When using a thermal imaging camera, it can detect mold by identifying temperature variations caused by moisture accumulation. Mold growth often leads to damp areas, which have different thermal properties than dry surfaces. Infrared cameras pick up these variations, displaying them in different colors or shades on the screen.
The areas with mold will appear cooler or warmer than their surroundings, depending on factors like the stage of growth and the material on which the mold is present. By scanning a property with an infrared camera, inspectors can pinpoint potential mold growth even behind walls or ceilings, aiding in early detection and targeted remediation efforts.
This non-invasive method provides valuable insights into areas affected by mold, helping homeowners tackle the issue promptly.
Importance of Early Mold Detection
Early mold detection is crucial as it allows homeowners to address the issue before it spreads extensively, leading to costly repairs.
Thermal imaging technology enables the identification of hidden moisture sources that could harbor mold growth, providing a proactive approach to tackling mold infestations.
Benefits of Using Thermal Imaging for Mold Detection
Utilizing thermal imaging technology for mold detection offers a comprehensive and efficient method for identifying potential mold issues before they escalate. This advanced technology can pinpoint hidden moisture sources and locate mold growth behind walls or ceilings, providing early detection and prevention of extensive damage.
The benefits of using thermal imaging for mold detection include:
- Early Intervention: By detecting mold at an early stage, homeowners can address the issue promptly, preventing further spread and minimizing remediation costs.
- Accuracy: Thermal imaging cameras can detect temperature variations that indicate moisture presence, allowing for precise identification of mold-affected areas.
- Non-Invasive: Unlike traditional methods that may require invasive inspections, thermal imaging enables mold detection without causing disruption to property structures, making it a convenient and effective option for homeowners seeking peace of mind.
Common Problems Uncovered During an Infrared Thermal Imaging Inspection
During an infrared thermal imaging inspection, various issues can be uncovered that may not be visible to the naked eye. Here are three common problems that can be identified through this advanced technology:
- Insulation Gaps: Thermal imaging can detect temperature variations that indicate missing or inadequate insulation, leading to energy inefficiency and increased utility bills.
- Moisture Intrusion: Hidden water leaks behind walls or under floors can be pinpointed through temperature differences, revealing potential mold growth or structural damage.
- Electrical Hotspots: Overloaded circuits or faulty wiring can generate heat, which thermal imaging can detect, preventing electrical fires and ensuring safety within the property.
These insights demonstrate the value of an infrared thermal imaging inspection in revealing hidden issues and protecting the integrity of a home.
How Infrared Thermal Imaging Saves Homeowners Time and Money
Infrared thermal imaging can save homeowners time and money by quickly identifying hidden issues within their homes.
This technology enables professionals to pinpoint areas of concern without the need for invasive measures, ultimately streamlining the inspection process.
Contact Local Thermal Imaging Pros Now
When seeking to save time and money as a homeowner, reaching out to local thermal imaging professionals can provide valuable insights. Infrared thermal imaging not only helps in detecting potential issues like moisture intrusion and insulation gaps efficiently but also saves homeowners from costly repairs in the long run.
By contacting local thermal imaging pros now, individuals can benefit from their expertise in identifying hidden problems early on, preventing further damage that could escalate into major expenses. These professionals utilize advanced technology to conduct thorough inspections, offering a comprehensive understanding of the property’s condition.
Ultimately, investing in a thermal imaging inspection can be a proactive measure that safeguards both time and financial resources for homeowners.
Get in Touch Today!
We want to hear from you about your Mold Inspection needs. No Mold Inspection problem in Huntersville is too big or too small for our experienced team! Call us or fill out our form today!


Calibrating your Screens for Perfect Colour
Correctly calibrated screens allow images to be adjusted to perfection, in the knowledge that others will see the image as you do
Pictures rely on composition, light, contrast and colour
The look of a picture on the screen or printed page is critical and highly reliant on how the monitor or screen was setup when the picture was processed. Out of the box a monitor cannot be relied upon to give an accurate view of your image, and prints will not match either.
Accurately calibrated monitors will be consistent across devices and software like Adobe Lightroom and Photoshop. Prints will match screens too.
How to guarantee an accurate view of your image?
Calibrite Display Plus HL calibrator
The steps to accurate colour are inexpensive, quick and strightforward.
A calibration device is plugged into the computer’s USB port, and dedicated but free software used to perform a guided screen calibration taking between 5 and 10 minutes.
Calibrating a screen is quick and easy
During the process, simple guided changes are made to screen brightness by the user. On sophisticated monitors, directed changes can be made to colour values too. The result is an .icc or .icm colour profile that characterises the monitor, ensuring that luminance and colour values match universally agreed standards, so the images you are adjusting will be displayed accurately on other devices and print consistently.
Ideally the process is repeated once a month, ensuring consistent brightness and colour accuracy.
A simple calibration device reads back the colours and luminance values displayed by the software to perform a guided screen calibration taking between 5 and 10 minutes.
Individual Camera Calibration
Calibrating the monitor is the first step. By buying a bundle with Calibrite Display calibrator and a ColourChecker Passport Photo or Video you have the means to quickly calibrate your own camera , ensuring accurate colour from every scene.
Calibrating a camera will be covered in the next article.
Calibrite ColorChecker Passport Photo 2 for calibrating cameras or scenes
Nick has been involved in colour management since the mid-90s, when he purchased the first Apple self-calibrating monitor. The journey later took him on to more accurate screen calibration devices from Gretag Macbeth, then into printer and camera calibration. Along the way he was privileged to work on a major international project with Reuters and Adobe, then onto testing Canon’s large format printer products and photo paper for manufacturers.
Nick worked closely with X Rite in the noughties, writing a 5-part article on colour management for Canon Europe's professional website. X Rite has now been evolved and and rebranded as Calibrite to separate the industrial sector from photography and consumer products. Nick is delighted to be working with them once again, helping both clients and photography workshop guests to generate colour perfect images from their cameras and software like Lightroom and Photoshop.
The Display Plus HL is the top of the range product for screen calibration. There are other more affordable options, deepening on your needs
Since I wrote this post, Calibrite have launched the more affordable 123 calibrator, priced at under £100.
It is well worth a look for simple screen calibration, and with 15% off (see below) it is extremely good value.
The Calibrite 123 starts at under £100 with discount. While not suitable for all photographic uses, it is a great start point for simple screen calibration at a very affordable price
For anyone interested in accurate colour,
Please contact us. Nick offers remote and in-person training on colour management.
Calibrite have kindly offered a 15% Discount off their calibration products to WildPhotographer customers - contact Nick for details
The full range of products can be seen here: Calibrite Solutions


Collaboration of people and machines is a major aspect of the World Wide Web and as well of the Semantic Web. As a result of the collaboration process, structural and content interferences as well as varying models and contradictory statements are inevitable. Currently the collaboration on Linked Data Sets is mainly done by keeping a central version of a dataset. This central approach for a synchronized state has drawbacks in scenarios in which the existence of different versions of the dataset is preferable. Furthermore, the evolution of a dataset in a distributed setup is not necessarily happening in a linear manner. We present a system that fosters the evolution of a dataset in a distributed collaborative setup and supports divergence of datasets as asynchrony and dissent; reconcile diverged states of datasets; and synchronize different distributed derivatives of the dataset. The data is kept in a distributed version control system with support to branch, merge, and synchronize distributed RDF datasets. Each version can be queried and updated via a standard SPARQL 1.1 Query & Update interfaces as well as the related provenance information. The system allows to build knowledge engineering processes similar to well established methods from the software engineering domain.


This is achieved using an artificial intelligence model, based on a combination of current and previous observations about the patient.
Altegix is fully automated. It can handle many thousands of data points per hour and is flexible enough to be modified for client specific requirements.
Altegix improves the standard of patient care through early detection and intervention of potentially life threatening events.
The Altegix Application
Altegix combines a group of integrated apps to deliver the predictive outcome. It creates a risk score within minutes of the input data becoming available. For patients at risk, the responsible doctor receives a message (using their preferred device; pager or mobile phone) that the patient’s results are outside the agreed limits. The clinician then reviews the data, reviews the patient and can implement interventions for the patient as may be required.
Altegix has been validated with good predictive sensitivity and specificity over five years at two Melbourne hospitals. Specifically, the power of pathology information to predict the occurrence of MET calls, intensive care admissions and deaths demonstrates good clinical validity (based on statistical significance and validation through professional clinician opinion) across a cohort of 106,790 patients. Research findings concluded that Altegix has a predictive value ranging from fair to excellent, depending on its pathology inputs, in identifying patients at risk, on average, 10.2 hours before the event in ward patients and 11.9 hours in emergency patients.


Update: Adapt It 6.10.3 for Macintosh supports Apple silicon-based Macs as well as Intel-based Macs.
On Tuesday, 10 November 2020, Apple announced a new chip set that will be used instead of Intel’s on Macintosh desktop and laptop computers. This new chip, the M1, looks to be an advance in power/performance, and should be beneficial to people using Adapt It on the Macintosh.
We are pleased to announce that Adapt It 6.10.3 officially supports M1-based Apple computers.
Adapt It support for new Apple Hardware


LWD - Logging While Drilling
In order to maximise the exposure in a target formation, Greka Drilling utilises Logging While Drilling (LWD) technology to achieve high quality results in the area of wellbore placement and trajectory control. With the geophysical properties of a formation transmitted in real time to the engineers and operators on the rig, they are able to map and adjust a wellbore’s trajectory to maximise exposure to a target formation and avoid any subsurface anomalies.
LWD Tools - Generates real time downhole data along with MWD parameters. Both the inputs will assist and improve the accuracy of wellbore placement in Directional and Horizontal well sections
Gamma - Focused gamma ray modules have a 0-120 degree sensor window enabling directional parameters to the gamma measurement
Annular Pressure - The module provides Annular Pressure measurements for over-balanced/under-balanced control and real time downhole vibrations


Time for a movie? Gather around the big screen and enjoy quality time at home with an easy-to-use, design-friendly, home entertainment system.
When the heart of the home has Wi-Fi, music, and smart lighting control, it functions as beautifully as it looks.
Convenient access to lighting combines with smart dimming technology to provide the perfect amount of light for any occasion or ambiance.
Smart Home Automation
Connected devices work better when they work together for you! Imagine a ‘SLEEP’ button that locks your doors, shuts the garage, and adjusts the lights – with one simple press of a button.
Motorized Window Treatments
Quiet, dramatic and functional window treatment automation offers maximum convenience and comfort that combats harsh glare while providing a stunning view – indoors or out!
Immerse yourself in a hidden sound garden, enjoy the game on an outdoor television, or control your insect screens all from the convenience of your smart device. Elegant entertainment at your fingertips!


Max Planck (1858 - 1947)
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, FRS (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame rests primarily on his role as originator of the quantum theory. This theory revolutionized human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes, just as Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionized the understanding of space and time. Together they constitute the fundamental theories of 20th-century physics.
Total matches: 2


When the nucleus of an atom does not hold together well, it loses energy and mass which are emitted from the atom as radiation. Known as radioactive decay, this phenomenon occurs in certain atoms, which are said to be unstable. The three most common types of radioactive decay are: beta decay, alpha decay, and gamma decay.
The electromagnetic force works to push the positively-charged protons away from one another. However, another force, the strong force, tends to pull subatomic particles together. Since neutrons have no electrical charge and yet, like protons, are acted upon by the strong force, they act as a kind of glue inside an atom’s nucleus. Having not enough glue, or too much glue, makes an atom unstable, so that it undergoes a process called radioactive decay. The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus defines which element it is, but for each element the number of neutrons can vary. Known as isotopes, these differing forms of each element are distinguished by a number written as a superscript to the left of the atomic symbol (indicating the total number of protons and neutrons), and vary in their stability. For some elements, just one isotope is stable, for some two or more isotopes are stable, while for many of the heavy elements none of their isotopes are stable. For example, hydrogen occurs as three isotopes: protium (1H), whose nucleus consists of just a proton, deuterium (2H), whose nucleus consists of a proton and one neutron, and tritium (3H), whose nucleus consists of a proton and two neutrons. 1H and 2H are stable, while tritium decays in a process known as beta decay to an isotope of helium, called helium-3 (3He, consisting of two protons and one neutron), though most helium found on Earth is of another isotope, 4He, containing two neutrons.
Specifically, the radioactive decay occurring in tritium is known as beta- decay. Essentially what happens is that one of the two neutrons converts to a proton, in the process creating an electron, which is emitted from the atom as a negatively-charged beta particle (plus a particle known as an electron antineutrino). Stable isotopes of carbon are 12C, with six neutrons, and 13C, with seven neutrons, while 14C (eight neutrons) and 11C (five neutrons) are unstable. Like tritium, 14C undergoes beta- decay; this results in the conversion of 14C to a nitrogen isotope, 14N. In contrast 11C, undergoes a process called beta+ decay, resulting in boron-11 (11B). Unlike beta- decay, beta+ yields a positively-charged beta particle known as a positron (plus a particle known as an electron neutrino). Another example of beta+ decay is fluorine-18 (18F), which decays to oxygen-18 (18O). It’s important to know about 18F beta+ decay, as this is the most common isotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, a vital imaging modality in medicine. Similarly, phosphorus-32, phosphorus-33, and sulfur-35, all of which undergo beta- decay, are used extensively in biology research. Beta particles also are called beta radiation.
Another type of radioactive decay is characterized by the emission from an atomic nucleus of a particle much larger than a beta particle. It can be a proton or neutron, or a cluster protons and neutrons. Mostly commonly, it is a cluster known as an alpha particle, also called alpha radiation, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, which is to say a nucleus of 4He. This form of decay occurs in certain very large atoms such as uranium-238 (238U) , radium-226, and radon-222. Finally, there is a type of radioactivity characterized by a transfer of energy from the nucleus, not as a beta particle or a larger particle, but as high-energy electromagnetic radiation. The most common subtype of this category is gamma decay, characterized by a nucleus releasing a very high energy photon (particle of electromagnetic radiation) known as a gamma ray, or gamma radiation.
Whether decaying through beta, alpha, or gamma decay, each radioactive isotope has a specific rate by which it decay into something else. This rate of decay is defined mathematically by the half-life, the amount of time that it takes for half of the atoms of a sample of an unstable element to decay to a different element. The duration of the half-life varies enormously from isotope to isotope, and often the product is itself unstable and thus subsequently decays into yet something else.


For the last few weeks I’ve been exploring Augmented Reality (AR)Â and how it might aid mobile learning by testing various AR apps available for the iPhone. As is often the case with cutting edge ideas, the potential is much more exciting than the currently possible. (See my take on Google Wave as another example of this phenomenon) Most of the AR I’ve seen so far I’d call more “proof of concept” than really useful.
Many of the iPhone apps available now provide a type of “walking tour” of an area. You point the camera of your iPhone or Android phone at a point of interest and the app overlays interesting information about the object or place on the screen. The two main problems with this type of AR app at this time are limited points of interest (depending on where you live), or information of questionable interest or value. (Wikitude is a good example of both.)
However, there are a few intriguing examples of what the future may hold. Professor Steven Feiner and his student, Steve Henderson, of Columbia University, have created a prototype of an AR system to help marine mechanics more quickly repair military vehicles.
This example of an Augmented Reality catalog by Metaio suggests exciting ideas for future applications in training. What if a clerk could hold an infrequently used but vital form in front of a camera on his computer and the screen would automatically display information on how to correctly complete and submit it? Or in my household, what if I could hold the remote control for the entertainment system up to the TV and it would present an interactive display on how to set the system to watch a DVD or record a show?
What interesting applications or uses for Augmented Reality in mobile learning have you found?


The temperature of lightning is far hotter than you might imagine. In fact, it can exceed the temperature of even the surface of the Sun.
The Thermal Dynamics of Lightning
A lightning bolt is a sudden electrostatic discharge during a thunderstorm. This discharge occurs between electrically charged regions of a cloud, between two clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. The rapid heating and cooling of the air near the lightning channel causes a shock wave, resulting in thunder.
The temperature within the lightning channel can soar to approximately 30,000 Kelvin. In contrast, the surface temperature of the Sun is estimated to be around 5,500 Kelvin. The stark difference in temperature underlines the concentrated energy release within the brief lifespan of a lightning strike.
Comparing the Temperature of Lightning and the Sun
The Sun, at its core, reaches temperatures of about 15 million Kelvin, due to nuclear fusion processes that power the star. However, the Sun’s surface, or photosphere, is cooler. When comparing the temperatures of a lightning bolt and the Sun’s surface, it is the localized, intense heat of the lightning that surpasses the Sun’s surface temperature.
This comparison is intriguing because it juxtaposes the vast, nuclear-powered furnace of our star with the transient atmospheric phenomenon on Earth, illustrating the range of natural thermal processes in the universe.
The extreme temperature of lightning has several implications. Firstly, it is responsible for the ionization of the air, which facilitates the electrical discharge that we see as lightning. Secondly, the high temperature is capable of splitting nitrogen molecules in the air, allowing them to react with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides, compounds that play a crucial role in the formation of smog and acid rain but also contribute to the natural fertilization of plant life.
Understanding Atmospheric Electricity
The study of lightning and its temperature contributes to our broader understanding of atmospheric electricity and weather phenomena. By analyzing lightning, scientists can improve predictive models of thunderstorms and better understand the electrical and thermal dynamics of our atmosphere.
Furthermore, insights gained from studying lightning are applied in developing technologies for lightning prediction and protection, minimizing its threat to life and property.
The Fascinating Nature of the Temperature of Lightning
The fact that a lightning bolt is hotter than the surface of the Sun encapsulates the fascinating nature of atmospheric phenomena. It reminds us of the powerful forces at play within our own planet’s weather systems and the dynamic conditions that govern life on Earth.
The study of lightning stands at the intersection of meteorology, physics, and environmental science, offering a window into the complex interactions that define our world.


Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is an academic field of study which studies the goal of creating intelligence. Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines". (Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, 1).


Ding - a light less ordinary
Des Burns, a leading designer in the Australian car manufacturing industry, has developed a new bike headlight which provides not only superior lighting on the path ahead but also an innovative safety feature of illuminating the bike itself. He is about to launch his Safer Bike Light Design on Kickstarter in two weeks.
The DING bike light is designed in Adelaide and will be made in South Australia. Des says "We wanted a beam pattern that provided the optimum riding condition for both the rider and other road users. Our additional downward beam is inventive and we have applied for patents. Car lighting has improved over the last 10 years, it is now time for bicycle lighting".
I like the improved lighting on the path ahead and to the sides, which would be much more useful than a puny spot on the road ahead. You should get a better idea of what the wheel is about to hit.
The downwards light onto the front of the bike will enable drivers to see the shape of the bike and its direction of movement much more clearly, which should make riding at night safer. For those of us with e-bikes and bright battery indicators on the bars, it may also reduce the relative glare of the LEDs. They reckon "Having two beams also improves light adaption times whilst riding at night".
Get more details from the Ding webpage. And keep an eye out for the launch on Kickstarter, where you can support this project and pick up a Ding light of your own ahead of the crowd and at a special early bird price.


Take a Look
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A typical solar system, whether ground or roof, contains three major parts: the solar panels, the mounting structure, and the inverters. The panels are supported by the mounting structure, which will vary based on whether the system is ground or roof mounted. The panels typically consist of lightweight panels with metal frames and a glass surface that protects the solar cells, and can range from four to six feet in length.
Similar to a lightning rod, the solar cells draw in energy from the sunlight and convert it into direct current, or DC electricity. The DC energy then flows into the inverters, which convert it into alternating current, or AC electricity.
Like water, electricity flows down the path of least resistance, and so the AC electricity will flow from the inverters into the building that the system was designed to power. Once enough electricity is in the building to power it, any excess energy is siphoned off onto the electric grid. Additionally, for every 1000 kilowatt hours produced by the system, regardless of where that energy goes, the owner will be awarded one Solar Renewable Energy Credit, or SREC.


Belden Takes Home its First-Ever Emmy® Award
The Emmys® are one of the most prestigious awards in Hollywood. The red carpet. The designer dresses. The acceptance speeches.
This year, we’re thrilled to announce that the Emmy® goes to … Belden! Who would’ve thought that a cable and connector could win such a prestigious award?!
We recently found out that we have been named a 2020 Technology & Engineering Emmy® Award winner, recognized by the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (one of three Emmy® organizations, each focusing on a specific sector of television and broadcasting). The award is for our “Standardization and Commercialization of Television – Broadcast, Hybrid Electrical and Fiber-Optic Camera Cable and Connectors.”
Each year, the Technology & Engineering Emmy® Awards recognize talented and innovative leaders and companies making the world of television possible. This year, Belden is being honored for its significant impact on the broadcast industry and vital role in standardizing SMPTE cables.
As a broadcast engineer in the 1990s, and lead design engineer for our SMPTE cables, I remember when video first began its shift from analog
to digital. Belden has been at the helm of this transition from the very beginning.
At that time, Sony was working on high-definition video cameras but struggling to transmit the signals. A traditional copper camera cable couldn't transfer that amount of data over long distances (across a golf course or from the top of a mountain, for example), so they were looking for ways to use fiber instead.
In addition to distance, the cable would also need to provide power to the camera-they're rarely close to an outlet. We combined our broadcast technology knowledge with the expertise of fiber experts from Mohawk-a Belden brand-to create a new solution.
The result: the development and commercialization of the first SMPTE cables to meet North American standards. Commercially available since 1999, Belden SMPTE cables are still used today for various indoor and outdoor broadcast applications. The hybrid electrical and fiber-optic camera cable and connectors were standardized as SMPTE 304M/311M. This innovation accelerated adoption of digital video and allowed networks to confidently invest in digital camera equipment.
After these cables were developed, major broadcasters—from ESPN to NBC and CBS— started buying digital camera technology and the cables and connectors needed to support it. Rose Lockwood, Belden’s broadcast global accounts director, was instrumental in working with these networks and camera manufacturers to facilitate a successful transition from analog to digital cable.
Belden's SMPTE cable has performed through many technology changes and is an integral part of broadcast television. Now the industry is headed down a new path-ultra-high definition-and we're ready to support that transition, too.
Holding true to our reputation for constant technology innovation, we recently introduced a new solution to support this change to ultra-high definition (UHD) for 4K video.
Belden’s 4K UHD Coax Cable for 12G-SDI supports 4K or UHD content without an overhaul to IP or fiber. It maintains a 12 GHz bandwidth and maximizes 4K/UHD transmission distance over a single link, decreasing bulk associated with dual-link and quad-link configurations. Now manufacturers can integrate 12G-SDI ports into equipment to support traditional coax or upgrades to IP or fiber to support 4K/UHD broadcasting.
Having the best products in the world is one thing, but it also takes the right team: people who understand technical issues and why certain approaches are better than others. That combination is what leads to products becoming industry standard, just like our SMPTE cables. Winning this Emmy® was a team effort-and proof of Belden's ongoing commitment to innovation.


Restock your battery supply with this deal on Rayovac Fusion Batteries. With the cash back combo you change a pack as low as $5.29 at Kroger.
Rayovac Fusion Batteries, 6 ct $6.79
–$0.75/1 Rayovac Fusion Batteries, any variety, any size Ibotta Deposit
–$0.75/1 Rayovac Fusion Batteries Kroger Cash Back (can use 3 times)
As low as $5.29 after Ibotta and Kroger cash back.
The most powerful alkaline battery from the #1 value brand in the world, RAYOVAC FUSION batteries deliver maximum performance in today’s most power hungry devices.


Fully assembled Transmitter, buttonplate and soldered switches - ready to bolt onto your steering wheel hub.
Simple to install, the FREEWheel Receiver connects to your existing relays and is ideally located in an unobtrusive place under your dashboard. The Transmitter and switches are pre-assembled and bolt directly to the rear of your steering wheel boss*.
A revolution in wireless steering wheel controls, for kit cars and race cars.
Features of the FREEWheel RACE solid-state and variable channel Easyfit system and buttonplate bundle
FREEWheel RACE 10-channel Easyfit Transmitter, fully assembled to acrylic buttonplate, with eight pre-soldered pushbutton switches and two rotary potentiometers fitted with rear covers - ready to bolt straight onto your steering wheel hub.
Control up to 10 channels with endless re-configuration possibilities, using the included FREEWheel USB programming software.
Full solid-state low-side switching of up to eight, 500mA loads, such as standard automotive relays, with built-in short circuit and overcurrent protection.
Unique to FREEWheel, includes two analogue channels for wireless potentiometer control such as multimap boost switching and traction slip control.
Includes a rainlight function, perfect for racing with dual solid light and 4Hz flashing hazard modes, and a 2-second 4Hz headlight flash for Flash-to-Pass.
Endless re-configuration possibilities, using the included FREEWheel USB programming software and incorporating an IP67-rated USB port with rubber cap.
Choose any combination of smart headlight, smart indicator, IVA fog light and rainlight modes or momentary and latching behaviour for each solid state channel.
What's in the box? Easyfit Transmitter and plate assembly, spacer disk, battery, decal sheet, Receiver, USB cable, mounting pad, FREEWheel sticker, installation instructions.
The FREEWheel-10 RACE Receiver measures 86 x 55 x 35mm and weighs 208g, which includes a 0.7metre pre-wired loom with high temperature thin-wall wires.
At just 176 x 154 x 19 - 29mm, the FREEWheel pre-assembled Transmitter and buttonplate fits all standard bolt patterns on 6 x 70mm, 6 x 74mm and 3 x 50.8mm PCD steering wheels. It weighs just 230g including the battery!
FREEWheel wireless steering wheel button control system. For pushbuttons and paddleshifters.
*steering wheel not included and shown for illustration purposes only.
FREEWheel USB configuration software.zip
FREEWheel RACE installation instructions.pdf
10 channel easyfit backplate.pdf
FREEWheel RACE 10-Channel System and Buttonplate Pre-Assembled


- OS: Android v7.1.1 nougat.
- SIM: Dual Sim, Dual standby (Nano-SIM).
- Front camera: 8 MP.
- Main camera: 13 MP.
- Display Size: 5.7 inches.
- Weight: 143 gram.
- Battery: 3180 mAh.
- Memory: 32GB Built-in, 3GB RAM.
A.I. Beauty recognition technology
Based on a global image database of human faces, the A83’s smart camera can recognize your gender, age, skin tone and skin type, then precisely refine 200+ facial feature spots, so as to capture the real you.
8MP front camera13MP rear camera
Powered by a built-in artificial intelligence technology and beautify algorithm, the A83’s 8MP front camera brings out your photogenic best.The 13MP rear camera, in “Ultra-HD” mode, can take multiple shots to create a 50MP photo automatically.
5.7’’ HD+ Full screen
The 5.7＂ full screen, featuring 1440x720 pixels, is aesthetically fitted within a narrow frame and is visually immersive, whether you are flipping through e-books, watching videos or playing games.
Inspired by the curved exterior of the airfoil, the A83 is designed to combine visual slimness and a comfortable feeling in the hand. The curve is honed from countless design calibrations to arrive at its elegant look and feel.
3GB RAM + Octa-Core CPU
The 3GB RAM and Octa-Core CPU (up to 2.5 GHz) ensure smoother gaming and multitasking, with 40% increased function performance. Meanwhile, overall energy consumption is reduced.
Speedy facial unlock
Facial unlock offers convenience especially when your hands are wet or wearing gloves. The phone will be immediately unlocked when you put your face in the front of the front camera.
A83 is equipped with a massive 3180mAh battery that allows phone use for more than 13hr 30min*. It alsoprovides a fast and safe charging experience.
ColourOS 3.2, Android 7.1
The latest interface based on Android 7.1 embraces more human and features speedy optimization. O-share ensures that file transmission between OPPO devices has speeds up to 100 times faster than Bluetooth. The split screen enables you to run two apps simultaneously e.g. Whatsapp and YouTube.ColourOS 3.2 takes away the gaming frustration, by offering a choice of whether to answer a call or continue with the game.
Weight: about 143g
Operating System: ColourOS 3.2, based on Android 7.1
GPU: ARM Mali G71 MP2 770MHz
Storage: 32GB (Expandable up to 256GB)
Size: 5.7 inches
Colours: 16 million colours
Touchscreen: Multi-touch, Capacitive Screen
Rear Sensor: 13-megapixel
Front Sensor: 8-megapixel
Flash: LED Flash
Aperture: f/2.2 for both cameras
Frequencies: FDD B1/3/5/7/8 TDD B38/40/41 WCDMA B1/5/8 GSM 850/900/1800/1900
SIM Card Type: Dual Nano SIM Cards & Micro SD Card(Total 3 slots)
Wi-Fi: 2.4/5GHz 802.11 a/b/g/n
In The Box
Micro USB cable
SIM ejector tool
In order to make the front view of the phone more concise, we have hidden the light sensor at the top of the screen. Films with poor light transmission, such as color or darkness, may have the possibility of blocking the light-receiving holes and affect the normal use of the mobile phone.
You can refer to the design draft of OPPO original phone case and screen protector to see the specifications.


It is a known fact that the most important aspect of a circuit is its diagram. Without a circuit diagram one cannot assemble a circuit. At the same time without a circuit diagram it is very difficult to pinpoint the electrical faults and take steps to rectify the same. This is more important in today’s world because most of the wiring today is concealed behind the walls of the house. Without a diagram it becomes very difficult to establish which wire goes where. One way to identify is to use wires of different colors. That is not usually done because there is a uniform color code of wires which the electrician has to adhere to. Whenever a new installation is made, the circuit diagram is drawn and handed over to the client for safekeeping. The client should ensure that the circuit diagram is made available to the electricien velizy villacoublay when he is summoned to rectify an electrical fault.
With the aid of the circuit diagram, he would be able to understand the wiring of the house and this enables him to arrive at the location of the fault quickly. Once the fault is located, the remedial measures can follow swiftly. This is the importance of circuit diagrams that people should understand. It may be a diagram of lines, dots and dashes to the common man but for the electrician it is an encyclopaedia. He can decipher the lines and dashes perfectly as he has been adequately trained to do so. It should be ensured that the circuit diagram is kept in a safe place. One can take a copy of the diagram and paste it at a prominent place near the main panel board. It should be easily accessible during an emergency as the circuit diagram is the heart of the wiring system in a house.


Dr. Paul A. Belony, Jr., Ph.D.
Member, NAAHP Advisory Board
Dr. Belony is a highly gifted experimental physicist with thorough knowledge of non-ideal plasma, high power circuitry, optical spectroscopy, and computational modeling. He joined the Strayer faculty team in the fall of 2012 to teach Science and Mathematics. Currently, he is a Research Scientist working in collaboration with the Physics Department at Lehigh University; he is also an Associate Editor for the physics book and journal publishing at Versita, and a Collaborator at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s international education outreach program [an educational program led by the Linguistic Department at MIT to train professors in Haiti in the Physics and Mathematics using the TEAL approach (Technology-Enabled Active Learning) and the native linguistic inclusion]. His career path includes being an Assistant Professor of Physics at West Chester University of Pennsylvania and an Adjunct Professor of Physics at the College of Saint Elizabeth. Moreover, he taught Physics at Lehigh University to the (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math)-inclined undergraduates (2004-2010).
Dr. Belony’s educational accomplishments started before his High School graduation in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, at the “Institution Secondaire Gérard Gourgue” (1998); at that school, he acquired a profound admiration for Physics and Mathematics. He then attended Essex County College, in Newark New Jersey, in 2000 and graduated with an associate degree in Mathematics in 2002. Two years later, in 2004, he graduated with a double bachelor’s degree in Physics and Mathematics at Montclair State University (NJ). In the same year, he started his graduate studies at Lehigh University, in Bethlehem PA, where he graduated with a Master’s degree in Physics in 2006. Then, in January 2011 at Lehigh University, he graduated with a Ph.D. in Physics.
Dr. Belony’s doctoral dissertation, “Kinetics of Vapor Emissions near Wire Explosion Threshold,” explores the effects of the metallic gas-liquid critical state and the role of magnetic and thermal pressures in plasma generated from various types of electrical wire explosions, including X-pinch and Z-pinch. His current research focuses on the development of experimental procedures and quantitative data analysis and their applications to plasma processes, material properties near the percolation threshold, and Thin Film Studies. His areas of expertise include: Non-ideal Plasma Formation, Electrical Wire Explosion, Laser-Produced-Plasma, Shockwave patterns, Nano-Cluster Formation, X-ray generation, Optical Spectroscopy near Gas-Liquid Critical States, Q-Switch Laser, Ion Laser, Solid-State Laser, Image Processing, High-Power-Pulse-Forming Devices, and Electronic Circuit Design.
Dr. Belony teaches both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. He teaches Physics, Mathematics, and Management Science. He trains students on Linear and Nonlinear Programming, and on the techniques of Project Management, Transshipment, and Network Flow Models. Moreover, he prepares lectures on Energy, Electricity and Magnetism, Atomic Theory of Matter, Statistics, Queuing, and Decision Analysis.
Dr. Belony is currently exploring field of Renewable Energy, specializing in Wind and Oceanic Wave Energy. As an experimentalist and innovator, his scientific insights and tool construction abilities urge him to test the waters in that field. He is currently penning a book on this subject matter.


Charles Hages, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, has received a National Science Foundation CAREER award. His research focuses on developing next-generation semiconductors for energy research.
With this award, Dr. Hages aims to develop solution-based, thin-film semiconductor materials that would lead to an improved method of generating clean and renewable solar energy.
“Renewable energy is an inevitable part of our future, so it’s important to put the effort in now to discover promising new materials which can make this a reality,” said Dr. Hages. “I think we have an exciting vision and talented graduate students which can make a significant contribution to this effort. Though research is only half the battle – I’m excited this award also supports our goals for cross-generational public outreach in renewable energy education.”
This prestigious award will allow Dr. Hages’ research group to develop a new class of materials, chalcogenide perovskites, as a low-cost, non-toxic, and stable photovoltaic material which can replace existing technologies due to their improved properties. Chalcogenide perovskites are an emerging class of semiconductor with the potential to replace the ubiquitous organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites as a high-performance photovoltaic absorber due to their improved stability and use of earth-abundant constituents. To meet this challenge, Hages proposes a paradigm shift in the approach used to synthesize chalcogenide perovskites by using reactive nanomaterials – a research area in which Hages’ lab specializes in.
This award will also support the development of cross-generational STEM education and outreach in renewable energy, which includes developing and delivering tailored educational modules for the underserved local aging community and K-12 students. Research is also integrated with training and education for graduate and undergraduate students in teaching, technical communication, and in emerging energy technologies.
“Dr. Hages’s research to develop materials for clean and renewable solar energy through a combination of nanoscale synthesis and state-of-the-art materials characterization is an exciting example of the relevance and impact of chemical engineering research in solving one of society’s most pressing problems,” said Dr. Carlos M. Rinaldi-Ramos, Chair of Chemical Engineering at UF.
Dr. Hages holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Purdue University and a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara. He was also a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Structure & Dynamics of Energy Materials at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin in Germany prior to his appointment at UF.
CAREER awards are the NSF’s most prestigious award for early-career faculty and are designed to help provide a foundation for a lifetime of scientific leadership. The awards are given to an outstanding scientist who exemplifies the role of teacher-scholars through research, education and the integration of education and research.


What is an IP address?
Every machine connected to any network, whether it's a laptop, PC, printer, or a smartphone, always has a unique identifier. This identifier is the address of that machine on the network and it's called its IP address. So, just as we would address a letter to a postal address before sending it via mail, computers use IP Addresses to identify where/who to send and receive information to or from on a network.
Hence, the router which acts as a gateway between your office LAN network and the internet world, is identified via an IP address(es). Every time someone from your office LAN network connects to the internet, the machine they use for connected is identified via an IP address on your LAN.
What are IP restrictions on sumHR?
sumHR lets you define your office LAN IP address inside your sumHR account such that no other IP addresses (outside your office LAN network) are allowed to perform online attendance logging (clocking in/out).
This way, you can ensure that every employee who wishes to clock in or out, has to do it from a computer that's present in office.


Cocatre-Zilgien J.H. & Delcomyn F. (1990). A slope-based approach to
spike discrimination in digitized data. J. Neurosci. Meth.
Abstract. A spike discrimination algorithm based on the analysis of spike up-
and down-slopes can advantageously replace those based only on amplitude with a
minimal increase of programming complexity and processing time. Such an
algorithm was developed to sort muscle depolarizations from nerve spikes in
electromyograms in insects. It could also be used to sort spikes according to
their direction of travel in bipolar recordings from mixed nerves.
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Altimeter -PRO With Pebble Edition
Released: Jun 02, 2015
Size: 5.7 MB
Seller: Tigran Mkhitaryan
© Tigran Mkhitaryan
Compatibility: Requires iOS 7.0 or later. Compatible with iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. This app is optimized for iPhone 5, iPhone 6, and iPhone 6 Plus.
Modern Altimeter GPS+ app is for folks who care for hiking and biking in mountainous terrain. GPS is getting very accurate in terms of distance indication. The choice between unit system is perhaps an important thing, just for your convenience the app is being equipped with both of them (Imperial and Metric). Surprisingly strong barometer measures the weight of the air pressure above a given point and determines elevation of two points. Altimeter GPS + Maps offers three main map types: «map», «Satellite» and «Hybrid». You can easily switch between these maps and track your location changing trajectory, then you are able to fix the time/date and change the location name. Compass shows device’s real-time orientation to magnetic fields.
This app has a creative and user-friendly style design, simple and comprehensive functionalities. Features included
- Imperial and Metric unit settings.
- Altiude calibrate refresh button.
- GPS accuracy indicator.
- GPS distance accuracy indicator.
- Time elapsed.
- Average speed.
- Max speed.
- Speed tracking in mph or km/h based on MPH or KM/H mode.
- Distance tracking in miles or kilometers based on MPH or KM/H mode.
- Time tracking.
- Tracking location on map.
- Ability to turn tracking off/on.
- Longitude, latitude coordinates.
– Temperature information.
– High/Low Temperature.
– Ability to switch between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
- Satellite maps mode.
- Hybrid maps mode.
- Standard maps mode.
- Tracking location changes trajectory.
- Shows device real-time orientation to magnetic fields.
- Ability to switch between true and magnetic North.
- Location coordinates (longitude, latitude).
- Start, end points, coordinates link email sending
- Map screenshot email sending


The Sentry®Safe HL100ES electronic card access safe provides the ultimate flexibility with a reprogrammable electronic lock with the option of a key pad or card swipe entry.
An interior LED light makes searching for important valuables and documents easier. It's ideal for hotel and tenant environments. With the safe's solid steel construction, pry-resistant door and 2 live-locking bolts your belongings will be secure!
- May be bolted to floor (hardware included)
- Users are able to choose between a reprogrammable electronic lock with keypad or card swipe reader for securing their important documents and valuables
- Master override key allows for backup access in the case of a forgotten code or lost/stolen magnetic stripped card
- Auxiliary Remote Battery Pack provides back-up access in case the installed batteries are not strong enough to operate the card swipe reader or reprogrammable electronic lock
- Solid steel, pry-resistant door and body protect against unauthorized access
- 2 live-locking bolts for more security
- Bolt-down hardware included as an additional bonus
- Fits up to a 17 inch laptop computer
- Carpeted interior
- Interior LED light provides quick and convenient access to important documents and valuables
- Product code: 4320


When it comes to vaping weed, most seasoned stoners are usually on the search for the best marijuana concentrate or flower possible. But seldom will consumers give the same amount of scrutiny and consideration to the actual battery that powers their vaporizer.
It might not seem like the most integral part of the vape experience, but the selection of the battery is more important than one might expect. Some devices have built-in rechargeable batteries that can't be removed, taking this burdensome decision out of the user's hands, but others can be removed and replaced.
For e-juice vape mods, 18650 batteries are among the most popular of the pack — and for no shortage of good reasons. Newer options used by manufacturers include 20700 and 21700 batteries, but many still default to 18650 batteries due to the compact size and extensively tested performance. A number of cannabis vape devices, such as the Arizer Air, X MAX Starry, Davinci IQ, and others, also operate using a swappable 18650 battery.
“We settled on the 18650 because it has the best shape for the most amount of power, and it's easily findable because so many people are using it for box mods,” said Shauntel Ludwig, Vice President of Operations at DaVinci, a Las Vegas-based cannabis vaporizer manufacturer. “We wanted to have something that was really convenient for our users, that's the main reason we made it swappable and didn't build a proprietary battery.”
It's important to distinguish, however, that vape mods and cannabis vaporizers usually have different needs when it comes to 18650 batteries. The best option for a cloud chaser who vapes e-juice isn't the same as for the cannabis consumer looking to control the temperature and curate the cannabis by-products that are activated during the vape sesh. But before you can understand the specific battery traits you should be looking for, you should have a basic understanding of what 18650 batteries actually have to offer.
What is a 18650 Battery? How is it Used for Vaping?
An 18650 battery is a lithium-ion battery cell that has made its way into a diverse set of devices, such as laptop batteries and flashlights, and even the Tesla Roadster, which contains thousands of these lithium-ion batteries. Most 18650 batteries have a capacity somewhere in the range of 1800 milliampere hours (mAh) to 3500 mAh, as well as an output of 3.7 volts. Considered to be the industry standard for vaporizers, 18650 batteries are compatible with a vast range of devices.
The 18650 battery has a diameter of around 18 millimeters and a length of 650 millimeters, hence its five-digit name. What makes 18650 batteries so coveted by the vape industry is the compact size, above-average output, and long-lasting lifespan, which reduces the risk of being stuck with a dead vaporizer or need to carry extra components. Some devices are equipped with integrated batteries, while others have removable batteries, giving the user full control over the battery selection process.
Characteristics that are usually taken into account when searching for 18650 battery for vaping include:
- Continuous discharge rating (CDR): The maximum current that a battery can be continuously and safely discharged without damaging the battery.
- Voltage: How hard a vaporizer hits is dependent on the voltage the battery is able to maintain midway through the cycle. There are batteries that maintain 3.7 volts to 3.6 volts, which will provide a more powerful draw than others that dip to around 3.2 volts.
- Capacity: The capacity of the battery, which is measured in milliampere-hours, refers to how many milliamps you can draw from the battery in a specific amount of time, giving you a rough estimate of how long the battery will last.
Ideally, the best 18650 battery for e-juice vape mods will offer a balance between a high capacity and high current rating. High-drain batteries are 18650 batteries with a high continuous discharge rating (CDR), which means it's capable of discharging large amounts of current at once without damaging the battery. For weed vaporizers, however, there are certain factors to take into account when shopping for 18650 batteries.
“For box mods, they usually go for a high discharge battery with higher amperage on them, because they want max power to the coil instantly,” said Hector Marron, a technician for DaVinci. “The only difference that I see is that they want a higher discharge rate faster, usually in the 25 to 30 amperage range. We use a 10 amperage battery because the current is controlled by unit.”
Which are the Best 18650 Batteries for Weed Vaporizers?
Most vape mod users tend to prefer batteries with a high CDR, as this will affect how fast the coil heats up. Cannabis vaporizers, on the other hand, are more compatible with a battery that heats up a bit slower, as this gives the user more precise control over the temperature. Different parts of the cannabis plant are activated at specific temperatures, so having an 18650 battery that offers more temperature control is more important than finding one that quickly heats the coil up.
“As far as the battery is concerned, we use a 10 amp battery, which doesn't have as quick as a discharge, however it's more controllable,” Ludwig said. “With our vaporizers specifically, we really focus on moderating that temperature to give the user a really tailored and custom experience.”
Ludwig recommends that DaVinci users utilize the 18650 battery that comes with the device, as it has been specifically selected to optimize the vaporizer's performance. The vape manufacturer tested 30 to 40 batteries until finding that the Sanyo NCR18650GA provided the best user experience.
“They can put their own battery in there, but we always recommend they use the batteries we provide,” she explained. “Just because a battery manufacturer will put 10 amp, 2500 mAh on the outside of that battery doesn't make it true.”
If you do decide to venture outside of the manufacturer's recommendation, don't blindly settle for the cheapest option. There is a real possibility of coming across a counterfeit 18650 battery, as rewrapped knockoffs can be hard to identify. It's important to research and find reputable resellers that have legitimate 18650 batteries to create the safest and most effective vape experience. Counterfeits may make false claims about the specifications of the battery and not follow regulations, and could even potentially explode.
Needless to say, to find the safest and most effective 18650 battery for your cannabis vaporizer, check to see what the device manufacturer recommends. Most cannabis vaporizers come equipped with a battery that is carefully selected by the manufacturer to offer the optimal user experience.
For those who want to experiment with other 18650 batteries, look for reputable sellers, such as the 18650 Battery Store, to guarantee that you receive authentic batteries. To figure out whether a battery is counterfeit or not, cross-reference the battery with the manufacturer's specifications, checking various aspects like the weight of the battery and production date listed on the wrapper to match what the manufacturer lists.


LiPo batteries are the best in terms of performance, but they need to be treated with respect. If they are not charged, stored, and used correctly, they will not only quickly become unusable, but they can become explosively flammable.
Before Charging LiPo Batteries
- read the lipo battery manual and charging instructions
- Always check the voltage of batteries before each charge session in order to ensure they are at or above the minimum safe starting voltage. If their starting voltage is below recommended levels then your batteries have been over-discharged or have experienced a failure and should NOT be charged.
- Always check the battery before charging for any type of damage. Check the battery packaging, wires and connectors for defects, which may cause a short circuit and eventual battery failure.
Charging LiPo batteries
- Only use a charger designed for a lithium polymer or lithium-ion battery. Many chargers have multiple modes for different types of batteries. Check out our chargers here.
- You should charge lipos away from any flammable martials.
- Never charge batteries inside of your model
- Never charge batteries below freezing (0°C, 32°F)
- Never charge Batteries that are hot to the touch (above 100° F).
- The charger should never be set to charge batteries at a rate greater than 1C (one times the capacity of the battery in amp hours)
- Never overcharge batteries over their rated maximal voltage (4.2V/cell for a LiPo).
- Using a LiPo pouch to charge will prevent fire expanding if there is a fire
- Charge away from your living area. i.e. do it in an out building
- NEVER charge in the house over night near flammable objects.
How to discharging LiPo batteries
- Never discharge batteries at amperage rates higher than specified on the label
- Never allow the temperature of batteries to exceed 140° F during discharge.
- Never discharge battery to a level below 3V per cell under load. For most drone batteries, the recommended cut off voltage is 3.5V per cell.
- Batteries can still accidentally leak for about an hour after discharge, and that reaction with air may cause the chemicals to ignite. Keep batteries in a safe area away from any combustible materials and observe them for an hour after discharge.
How to store LiPo batteries
- Never store loose batteries together. The batteries’ terminals may contact one another, causing a short circuit.
- Never store batteries in extreme temperatures or direct sunlight. The battery should be stored within -10℃~45℃ range environmental condition. If the battery has to be stored for a long time (more than 3 months), the environmental condition should be:
- Temperature: 23±5℃ Humidity: 65±20%RH
- The voltage should be 3.6V~3.9V range per cell.
- Always disconnect Batteries when not in use and store batteries in a non-conductive and fireproof container.
- Never alter, puncture or impact Batteries or related components.
Spotting a broken liPo battery
- The RC servo for steering will work, but the speed controller will not function. This is because the ESC will
- LiPo batteries that are beyond repair will typically show no voltage from one cell or more. The Spotting a broken liPo battery chargers we sell are able to act as a battery meter and will allow you to check each cell.
- Broken batteries will typically be “puffed up” in that they are larger than they were originally
- Any battery with these symptoms should be separated from other batteries and disposed of as soon as possible.
General LiPo battery Safety
- Keep your batteries away from your living area when unsupervised or charging
- Never strike a battery with any sharp edges
- Never open or deform the folding edge of a cell
- Never drop, hit or bend batteries
- Never disassemble the cells. The disassembling may generate an internal short circuit in the cell, which may cause gassing, firing, or other problems
- Never incinerate nor dispose of batteries in fire. These may cause firing of the cells, which is very dangerous. Additionally, never be soak batteries with liquids such as water, and especially not soft drinks, juices or coffee (never thought I would have to add that one as a tip!).


Research & Development
Capula is able to provide support for innovative research projects. One such project is the ITER Project, which is one of the most ambitious energy projects in the world today. Capula is combining its control system expertise with its knowledge of the traditional nuclear industry to address the needs of the mission.
In southern France, 35 nations are collaborating to build the world’s largest magnetic fusion device that has been designed to prove the feasibility of fusion as a large-scale and carbon-free source of energy.
Capula is working as a member of the AMCE Foster Wheeler led ERHA alliance to develop and deliver the Neutral Beam Cell Remote Handling System.
This Remote Handling system in the Neutral Beam Cell is crucial to the success of ITER. Neutral Beam injectors are used to heat up the plasma inside the reactor until it is hot enough for fusion to take place. For this package of work Capula will design and supply the control system.
The system will allow the repair and maintenance of these complex internal systems during outages.