Ninja-to, a short sword in scabbard of usual measurements
Probably hardly any weapon used by Japanese Ninjas 忍者 evokes so much arguing and discussions like Ninja-to 忍者刀, or Shinobikatana 忍び刀, a ninja sword. The main issues of the “disputes” are whether this sword was straight or curved and what was the main way of using it. There have been many articles and essays written about this kind of Japanese sword. However, many of these materials are unfortunately based on what could the authors meet with on the screens rather than on a serious study of Japanese sword (Nihonto 日本刀 in Japanese), or a study of the martial art (Ninjutsu 忍術) itself.
It is shocking how the image of ninja sword given by the film industry got deep in the consciousness of people around the world, even in Japan itself. Yes, even in modern Japanese books, the authors of which generally do not care much about studying the history, we found drawings of ninja-to with straight blade, square tsuba 鍔 and saya 鞘 with removable end. Then no wonder that we can meet exhibits with a tag saying it is a real ninja sword when visiting modern museums with Ninjutsu exhibitions. And why not?, these sword are in most of the movies anyway, so there must be something true about it. Let’s have a closer look on how is it with ninja sword in reality without trying to find anything fantastic.
This is some older photography of Masaaki Hatsumi, Soke (grandmaster) Togakure Ryu Ninjutsu in one of the positions with Ninja-to
Let´s just very simply describe the evolution of Japanese sword in relation to its shape. From the point of view of studying the history of Nihonto we can find several types of swords with straight blade. One of them is Ken 剣, with double-sided edge. This sword however, is connected religion and mythology rather than ninjas. Another swords were Chokuto 直刀, with the cutting edge only on one side, ending with a skew cut of the tip and these appear with hardened part – Hamon 刃文. These swords were usually mounted in Tachi 太刀 style of koshirae (mounting) and worn hanging on two stripes under the belt on the left side with the edge facing ground. Chokuto used to be a part of the gear of Japanese nobility and therefore it has nothing to do with ninjas.
The swords with straight blade are typical for the period around before the 9th century. Swords with big curvature of the blade followed. The reason for using curved blades and the curvature to origin at the first place was that the curvature gives the swords longer durability and better ability to cut in comparison to the used strength. Swords with big curvature lasted approx. up until the 16th century, when they got replaced with sword with smaller curvature of the blade. The blades got straighten out the most in Kanbun period 寛文 (1661 – 1673). Swords of that time were only of minimum curvature, often only a few millimeters. This trend soon went aside and the blades were again produced with bigger curvature, around 15 mm and more. Nevertheless in every of these mentioned periods originated swords that deviated from the common standards, swords of no “category”. Where to place the blade of Ninja-to then?
With a deeper study we find out that the blades of Ninja-to differ in many ways from the swords of common shape of that time. It was much shorter than blade of classic Katana 刀 and its design and production was by far not that precise. With swords, ninja let to make for themselves, the focus was mainly on their practical use in fight, disregarding the aesthetic side of the weapon as an artistic and spiritual object. In this matter we also need to mention the fact that ninja had just a very few chances to have their swords made by master swordsmiths of the top class. It was not unusual that the swords were made by master swordsmiths who were actually part of the ninja community, family or clan. The blade had mostly a plain edge, but there are also blades with rough edges in shape of saw. Such blade did not cut but actually tore out the flash from opponent’s body.
Masaaki Hatsumi demonstrates the techniques of Bikenjutsu with his student Ken’ichi Someya. Notice the shape of the Ninja-to blade used by Hatsumi Sensei
Here we get to the essence of Ninja-to – it is actually a weapon that closely relates to ninja tradition, their families, clans or individual schools, Ryu-ha 流派. Their shape reflects especially the needs of their wearers. The edge was often used for cutting through door and window frames. Short blade allowed easier manipulation on short distance in tight spaces and also allowed faster drawing. Because Ninja-to was not usually that long neither it was elegant like samurai sword, his usage was different from the traditional Japanese Kenjutsu 剣術. Samurai 侍 could effectively cut with the edge of his sword and therefore he could use precise and elegant body movements. On the contrary, ninja had to use his whole body to make his cuts effective. The hips were during the technique often twisted much more in order to equal the length of the weapon and therefore more effective techniques could be used. Less fine edge of ninja sword made ninja to rely more on thrust attacks and cutting strokes rather than cuts common for samurai swords. The skills in sword techniques were mentioned in Bikenjutsu part.
Let’s just get back to the sword itself now and let’s split it into single parts and have a closer look. Although the blade was shorter, the scabbard – Saya 鞘 was as long as usual samurai Katana scabbard in order to hide the true length of the blade. This was the surprising fact when drawing Ninja-to. The free space on the bottom of Saya was used to carry messages, as a place for blinding powders or explosives. These or similar sword boxes also appeared with traditional samurai swords. In their cases these were used for carrying a little knife Kozuka 小柄 and skewer Kogai 笄. Hidden boxes could be also used to carry coins or other things that would fit. Nevertheless the system of hidden boxes in the scabbard of Japanese sword and especially in its lower part was in case of Ninja-to used much more.
Blinding powder hidden in free space in the sword’s scabbard
Tsuba 鍔, a hand guard or hand protection, often a delicate and valuable work on samurai swords, in case of Ninja-to often made in more humble conditions. It often had a shape of a square without any working what so ever, but not in every case. Square shaped tsuba, in Japanese terminology called Kukagata 角形, quite regularly appeared on samurai swords as well. Handguard on Shinobigatana was in comparison with samurai sword Tsuba often more robust and wider with respect to its various usages. Such Tsuba could have been used for example as a support when climbing over a wall.
Tsuka 柄, or a sword handle, had a classic shape and was a bit longer than Tsuka of samurai Katana in order to help the manipulation with the sword. Unfortunately today we often meet with replicas of ninja swords with Tsuka much longer than it really was in the history.
Let’s just stop a bit with Sageo 下緒, or a string fasten to an eyelet called Kurigata 栗形 on the side of Saya. Sageo was a regular accessory of Koshirae 拵 type of sword set and was used for example to fasten the sword to the belt or to tie the sleeves of Kimono 着物 before actual fight, etc. In case of Ninja-to Sageo was a lot longer and more robust so that it could have been used for example for tying up the captured enemies. Straining the Sageo above the ground could have been used in order to slow down the pursuers. Sageo have been also used for creating an improvised seat for observance on the trees. We can find many ways of using Sageo in terms of Ninpo 忍法 in historical materials.
Shihan Ken’ichi Someya in the guard with Ninja-to originating from Togakure Ryu 戸隠流
What to say for the conclusion… Probably just that ninja looked on his sword as one of many weapons within his equipment and although he respected its value, he never pay his sword such respect as it was in common with samurais, whose swords were kept as family treasures. Despite of that, or just because of that Ninja-to was an important weapon in the history of martial art called Ninjutsu, although in comparison with beautiful Tachi and Katana (often swordsmiths´ masterpieces) Ninja-to seems to be just a little bit more than „machete“. Regarding the shape of the blade, it is possible to meet straight blades used by ninja, but it was unlikely with the swords. These blades more likely appeared as Shikomi-zue 仕込み杖. Shikomi-zue was a weapon similar to stick that concealed blades of various lengths and shapes, chains or other weaponry equipment that could have been used in the history of ninja. But that is a different story. Anyway, looking at the shape of Ninja-to we could say that it could not had been different at mere glimpse from an ordinary sword at certain period. If it was, ninja would be immediately discovered and that was definitely not acceptable for these warriors.
Concealed sword in a stick – Shikomi-zue 仕込み杖 with blade signed Gassan 月山, blade – the beginning of the 16th century; fittings – Bakumatsu period 幕末 – Meiji 明治, 2nd half of the 19th century. (from collection of Jakub Zeman)
Bujinkan Dojo Prague
tel.: +420 736 208 050
book “Ninjutsu, history and tradition“ from Masaaki Hatsumiho
book “Sengoku Ninpo Zukan“ from Masaaki Hatsumiho
magazine “The Hiden Budo and Bujutsu“
article “Ninja sword – fact or myth?“ from Pavel Bolf


Members of Scottish clans show their allegiance to their clan and chief where crest badges. These are usually worn on a bonnet. Crest badges are usually made up of the chief's heraldic crest surrounded by a strap and buckle with the chief's heraldic motto or slogan. The crest badge used by members of Clan Maclachlan contains the Latin motto FORTIS ET FIDUS, which translates to "strong and faithful". The blazon of the crest within the badge is (Issuant from a crest coronet of four (three visible) strawberry leaves Or) a castle set upon a rock all Proper. Another clan symbol used to show a clan member's affiliation is a clan badge or plant badge. Consisting of a particular plant, these badges are sometimes said to be the original means of identification used by Scottish clans. Clan Maclachlan has two clan badges attributed to it. These include: rowan (or mountain ash) and lesser periwinkle.
Many clans are also attributed pipe tunes. Clan Maclachlan's pipe music is Moladh Mairi (translation from Gaelic: "In Praise of Mary").


Browse history From year (and earlier): From month (and earlier): all January February March April May June July August September October November December Deleted only For any version listed below, click on its date to view it. For more help, see Help:Page history. (cur) = difference from current version, (prev) = difference from preceding version, m = minor edit, → = section edit, ← = automatic edit summary (cur | prev) 08:28, April 15, 2017 188.8.131.52 (wall) . . (216 bytes) (+216) . . (Created page with "== Secret Stairways == Secret Stairways was a Dungeon Synth project created by Matthew Davis. Only two releases were made; Enchantment of the Ring in 1997 and Turning Point in...") (VisualEditor) Retrieved from "https://dungeonsynth.fandom.com/wiki/Secret_Stairways" Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


All women welcome to our first outdoor ritual of the year in honour of Akshobya!
with Dharmamrta and Beate.
Please wear outdoor clothing. Paths accessible for wheelchair users.
When: Tuesday 20th March, Spring Equinox, 6-7 am ( Dawn at 6:13 am) with optional breakfast afterwards on Park Street
Where: There is a row of benches in front of the water feature at the foot of Cabot Tower on Brandon Hill (see picture)
Contact: Beate for further questions on 07769181714
Interesting facts about the location:
Brandon Hill is named after the chapel dedicated to St Brendan which once stood on its summit. Sailors would pray for protection to the saint.
Brandon Hill has one of the best collection of trees in Bristol with almost 500 trees on the hill covering nearly 100 different species.
Carmelite friars constructed St John’s Conduit, which still carries water from the springs on the hill to a fountain outside St John the Baptist Church on Quay Street. This was the only source of fresh water for a time during the Blitz.
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New Feasts & Holidays column on St Swithin’s Day in the June/July issue of Renaissance Magazine.
Co-written with April Tucholke.
“St. Swithin’s Day (also called St. Swithun) was celebrated on July 15. While midsummer (June 24) was a festival that welcomed the new warmer season, St. Swithin’s was a time to rejoice in the plethora of summer fruits and vegetables. It was also a portentous day to predict the weather. An old tradition says that if it rains on St. Swithin’s Day, it would rain for 40 days after. In turn, a dry St. Swithin’s meant 40 days of drought. St. Swithin’s was the Renaissance version of Groundhog Day, but for the summer months, and without the rodent.”


COSEY FANNI TUTTI
As part of the Coventry City of Culture Deliaphonic Festival Cosey Fanni Tutti will be performing a live one hour set of new music based on and incorporating elements of her original soundtrack to the BBC docudrama Delia Derbyshire: The Myths & Legendary Tapes.
10pm Friday 4th March in Coventry Cathedral
The Oral History Of Coum & Throbbing Gristle
'OTHER, LIKE ME' The Oral History Of Coum & Throbbing Gristle
The British industrial town Hull could hardly have a more appropriate name. It is a fitting place for a nihilistic avant-garde collective, which at the end of the 1970s aggressively confronted every conceivable taboo: sex, pornography, violence and self-mutilation. But COUM Transmissions was only the beginning. Led by the artists Genesis P-Orridge and Cosey Fanni Tutti., COUM became the visionary and utterly unruly industrial/noise band Throbbing Gristle, which was named 'the wreckers of civilisation' by a shocked conservative politician. The many rare archive clips speak for themselves.
Title: OTHER, LIKE ME - Director(s): Marcus Werner Hed, Dan Fox - Producer: Marcus Werner Hed - UK/USA - Run time, 59 min


Old London house renovation with microcement. Colors: GR1, FL02 Rose Beige [photos]
Our clients like to use microcement for their renovations. They praise its versatility and ease of use.
Today we’d like to present the effect of the work of one of our British clients, who gradually renovates a terraced house in London and reports the renovation on Instagram – Steady Eddie Renovation.
Old house in a new version – a bit of history
The house that our client is renovating comes from the Edwardian era, i.e. the period in the history of Great Britain during the reign of King Edward VII – the son of Queen Victoria (1901-1910). The most typical buildings from those times were detached, semi-detached or terraced houses with a large garden and driveway, situated in the suburbs.
With the great social and political changes of the early 20th century, the Edwardian era perpetuated the idea of green suburban neighborhoods, seeking to provide beautiful, functional homes for all. The stuffy and cluttered interiors of Victorian houses were gone – and the new style was less formal and fresh.
Thus, unlike the smaller, darker Victorian houses, the Edwardian houses were squatter, wider and spacious, with larger corridors and more windows. The lounges often had windows at both ends, covered with a small sloping roof on the outside.
Edwardian houses are famous for ornamental decorative details such as floor tiles, stained glass and wood, as well as large rooms with high ceilings.
What are the main features of Edwardian-style houses?
- Houses built in a straight line
- Red brick
- Porch with wooden frames
- A wide corridor
- Parquet floors
- Wider, brighter rooms
- Simple interior
Old London house renovated with microcement – GR1 Light Gray and FL02 Rose Beige
Our client, deciding to thoroughly renovate the old house, was looking for modern and practical solutions in the interior. He needed a system that could be used on underfloor heating and that would create a uniform, minimalist surface without joints. Finally he put on a microcement floor throughout the house. In the kitchen, dining room and living room, he used the Festfloor Life system in the lightest shade of gray GR1. In turn, the walls in the bathroom in the shower were finished with a slightly warmer shade of FL02 Rose Beige (more info about microcement in the shower).
Decorative plaster imitating concrete was used on the walls and ceiling. Gray walls and floor create a neutral base for lamps and fittings in the color of old gold, renovated wooden furniture and a black simple kitchen (see how to combine wood and concrete). Thanks to large windows that overlook the garden, the interior is bright and cozy, and the microcement looks a bit different at any time of the day – the rays of the sun bring out its subtle beauty.


Maceio was instituted as a member of the IRB federation in January 2013. Rev. Flávio Silva was installed as the first Brazilian minister of this church in mid 2013.
Cornerstone Canadian Reformed Church currently have one missionary, Rev. Bram deGraaf, who lives in the area with his family. The Board of Mission has supported Reformed ministry in Maceio since 1993.
Rev. de Graaf not only completed the project of planting this church, but is also heavily involved in the federation, serving as a church visitor and teaching regularly at the seminary Instituto João Calvino.


This is my great grandparent's cedar chest.
I've shared it before, but not the story behind it.
(Although, some of you might remember it from my last blog.)
That chest up there just happens to have been where they stored their money.
You see, my great grandfather didn't trust the banks, because they weren't insured. Back then, if you put money in them it didn't necessarily mean that you'd be able to get your money back out. This didn't change until the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp) was created by the banking act in 1933. You can read more about that 'here'.
Because of his mistrust, the crash of 1929 and the Great Depression didn't affect them as much and he was able to keep his business alive, and eventually sell it to their two sons, one of them being my grandfather.
Also, during the Great Depression, my great grandmother, using some of that money, helped out her friends and neighbors by buying up some of the wares they were selling in order to survive. Now I'm the keeper of quite a few of those items and that seemingly plain old chest, that my great grandfather used to steer the course of history for my family.
I'm extremely grateful to him, for having the foresight not to trust the banks back then, but sadly, as we all know, a lot of people weren't as fortunate.
Here's an excerpt from History.com :
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed. Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not fully turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high gear.
For this music break I'm sharing two songs that embody that time period.
"Brother, Can you spare a dime?"
Music by Jay Gorney and lyrics by Yip Harburg.
Sung by Bing Crosby in 1932
You can read more about the history of this song 'here'.
"Happy Day are Here Again"
Music by Milton Ager and lyrics by Jack Yellen.
Sung by Annette Hanshaw
The song eventually became the 1932 presidential campaign song for Franklin Delano Roosevelt and it's also associated with the repeal of prohibition in 1933.
Which is a whole other post for another time ;)


On our first full day in Arizona, we visited two historic Hohokam sites: Pueblo Grande and Casa Grande. Both sites were built over 1000 years ago, and what really stood out to me was the ability of this ancient civilization to create buildings and canals on such a large scale.
Both Pueblo Grande and Casa Grande have been preserved by archaeologists in the modern day, and it was amazing to be able to get so close to the structures. When we were in the museum at Pueblo Grande, we got a look at some of the tools that the Hohokam used to create their canals and buildings. I was stunned by the simplicity of their tools, especially the “digging sticks” used to dig the canals. I can barely imagine digging a 10 x 30 foot canal with proper shovels, let alone sticks.
I think that the lack of proper construction tools really speaks volumes about the Hohokam people’s refusal to migrate away from their sacred lands. It took extraordinary efforts from every adult in the community to build these structures and canal systems when they could have migrated to somewhere with greater rainfall. Admittedly they did do this eventually (we think); however, this still illustrates the idea of place centeredness in Native American cosmology.


Sussex’s annual Memorial Day parade will take place Monday, May 25 at 1 p.m.
The parade, led by the Horne-Mudlitz VFW Post 6377 Color Guard, will commence at the corner of Highway 74 and Waukesha Avenue in Sussex. The parade will proceed west on Main Street through Sussex to the former VFW Post. All veterans are invited to march in the parade. Following the parade, a short memorial service to recognize the Armed Forces will be presented by the VFW Post. After the service, hot dogs and soda will be provided by the Post at W232 N6342 Waukesha Avenue.


$8.00 Flat Rate Shipping | FREE shipping on orders over $150 | ATL families: email orders to email@example.com
Join UGA's Hargrett Library for Virtual Family Day on Saturday, May 30th highlighting the exhibit “The Strategies of Suffrage: Mobilizing a Nation for Women's Rights". We'll provide instructions and supplies for crafting your own sash and buttons, just like those worn by suffragists who campaigned to get women the vote more than 100 years ago! For craft instructions, as well as video tour stops and suffrage storytime, visit our family day website.
This event is supported by the Lucy Hargrett Draper Center and Archives for the Study of the Rights of Women in History and Law.


Kilburn is an area of north west London, England, which is divided between three London Boroughs, Brent, Camden, and a small part in Westminster. The main thoroughfare running northwest-southeast is Kilburn High Road, part of the modern A5 road which forms the boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden. The road dates back to pre-Roman times and is part of the Roman road known as Watling Street. The town of Kilburn has its origins in a 12th century priory on the banks of the Kilburn Brook. Kilburn today is a busy and multicultural London district. It has the highest Irish population of any London area, as well as a large Afro-Caribbean community. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.


For the first time, English speaking martial artists can discover the historically accurate writings of the Muye Dobo Tongji – the only surviving classical text on the Korean arts of war. Commissioned by King Chongjo of the Yi dynasty in 1789 and compiled by General Yi Duk-moo, this official textbook documents all martial art forms up until the late 18th century.
Take an entertaining and enlightening journey into the search for a deeper meaning in the martial arts with Herding the Ox. Using the 10 ox-herding pictures of Zen as a springboard, it discusses the spiritual and ethical dimensions of martial arts training. Go beyond the physical concepts through thought provoking analysis of some of Japan’s greatest warriors.


144 Carleton Street, St. Andrews, New Brunswick
$1,699,990 - For Sale
Linden Grange is an estate of historical and architectural importance - a once in a lifetime opportunity to own one of the last truly significant, fine homes in Saint Andrews, NB. Linden Grange was the summer home of Sir Leonard Tilley, Father of Confederation and Lt. Governor of NB. Built in 1829, this estate has been lovingly cared for and restored.
An exquisite treasure that has not been on the market for over 60 years. Linden Grange is recognized for its architecture, grand size, style and its magnificent property. It is a great example of a late 19th century Second Empire residence. The "Mansard" style roof with dormers was changed in 1871 by the Tilleys, the elaborate entranceway are lasting expressions of old world craftsmanship.
Large principle rooms are great for entertaining and a fabulous porch wraps around most of the home – simply perfect for early summer evening cocktails. Well set back from the street, this estate, built of brick and wood, enjoys a stately presence in the neighborhood. The Maxwell designed extension completely renovated in 2000 hosts 1600 square feet of living space on one level.
There are gorgeous staircases, beautiful wood trim, hard wood floors and 6 large and comfortable bedrooms, 4 full baths and a powder room off the gracious front entranceway for receiving guests. A beautiful sunroom, large windows throughout and several fireplaces for a chilly maritime evening – this is truly a dream come true for one of us.
- Property Address:144 Carleton Street, St. Andrews, New Brunswick
- Property Type:Residential
- Taxes:$21,172 (2020)
- Structure Type:Single Family
- Exterior Type:Brick, Other


St. Andrew's Episcopal Church is located in Tuskegee, Alabama, adjacent to the campus of Tuskegee University where it was organized in 1912. It is the only Episcopal church in Macon County. Currently, 130 baptized members and 88 communicants comprise the membership; in addition, approximately 60 Episcopal students are enrolled at the University. The membership is multiracial, with the majority being African-Americans who fall within the category of "advanced age." Many are retired from professional careers, self-employment, and the military. Their talents, skills, dedication and commitment bring strength to the Church.


In March 1996, Liggett Group broke ranks with the tobacco industry and settled smoking-related lawsuits brought by Attorneys General of Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, and West Virginia. Among other things, the settlement provided for certain payments to the states as well as compliance with proposed FDA regulations. It was a historic settlement marking the first time, after many decades of litigation, that a tobacco company ever settled such a lawsuit. Leading government officials and public health authorities across America praised Liggett's settlement, calling it a "historic watershed" in the country's efforts to address smoking and health issues. President Clinton called Liggett's first settlements "a major breakthrough" and acknowledged their significance as "the first crack in the stone wall of denial."
After Liggett Group's 1996 settlement, the number of States filing lawsuits against the tobacco industry increased from 6 to 22. In a May 18, 1997 article in The Washington Post, Attorney General Mike Moore of Mississippi stated, "The Liggett settlement gave us credibility. That helped me get more states. Our travel schedule really picked up."
In March 1997, Liggett Group entered into a comprehensive settlement of tobacco litigation with Attorneys General of 17 additional states and with a nationwide class. Under this settlement, Liggett Group made significant public acknowledgments - that smoking causes disease, that smoking is addictive, and that the tobacco industry marketed to youth. Liggett also waived privileges and released thousands of previously undisclosed internal documents relevant to smoking and health.
Liggett Group has since become the first and only American cigarette manufacturer to add a "SMOKING IS ADDICTIVE" warning on its cigarette packaging and has instructed its marketing and advertising personnel to scrupulously avoid any and all advertising and marketing that could appeal to children or adolescents.
In March 1998, Liggett signed a third settlement agreement with more states, bringing the number of states with which it had settled to approximately 40. By mid-1998, Liggett Group had settled with approximately 40 states. Liggett's earlier settlements became the catalyst for the other major tobacco companies to eventually resolve claims in all 50 states and certain territories as well, ultimately resulting in the tobacco Master Settlement Agreement ("MSA"). In November 1998, Liggett Group joined the MSA. Vector Tobacco joined the MSA in early 1999.


23 October 2016
The Law of the Land exhibition at the National Gallery was officially opened by Communications and Information Minister Yaacob Ibrahim last week.
For the exhibition, more than 20 documents from the National Archives of Singapore and the National Library’s collection will be on display.
Dr Yaacob said it is important for a young nation to be “familiar with our history”.
Some of the highlights of the exhibition include six regulations set out in 1823 by Sir Stamford Raffles, in an attempt to impose law and order in the growing settlement, the 1958 Singapore Constitution, which sets out the framework for Singapore’s then newly won self-governance, documents proclaiming Singapore’s merger with Malaya in 1963, as well as documents detailing Singapore’s separation from Malaysia to become an independent republic in 1965.


The Easter Bunny Train Ride & Easter Egg Hunt
Ride the Easter Bunny Train Ride and visit with Mr. Bunny on the train. Your ride will wind along the scenic Delaware River leaving from the Historic District of Phillipsburg, New Jersey. The train will travel along the river to Carpentersville and our destination will be the site of the historic Lime Kilns. In front of the 150 year old Lime kilns is a beautiful little glade filled with Easter eggs!
At The Easter Egg Patch
Once we arrive you can get off the train, take a picture with Mr. Bunny. The children can grab their baskets and gather a few Easter eggs! The eggs are filled with candy
The Historic Lime Kilns
The pumpkin patch sits in a beautiful glade in front of the century old Carpentersville Lime Kilns. The lime kilns are not only the oldest but also the largest left in existence in New Jersey, dating to before the Revolutionary War!
Dates: April 1,2,8,9; Timeslots: 11:00 am, 12:30 pm, 2:00 pm and 3:30 pm
Tickets are $14.00 Child, $20.00 Adult and Lap Sitter $4.00 and available for purchase here.
Enter HERE for your chance to win a 4-pack of tickets to The Easter Bunny Train Ride & Egg Hunt


The San Diego Gulls and the Mighty 1090 proudly present Gulls In Flight, the weekly San Diego Gulls podcast! Join “The Voice of the Gulls” Craig Elsten and B.J. MacPherson for a weekly discussion of the past week’s games played and the contests right around the corner in the week to come.
Then, stay tuned for a special in-depth interview each week. We start with the legend of San Diego hockey, Willie O’Ree, known as the “Jackie Robinson of the NHL” as the first African-Canadian to play in the National Hockey League. Willie sits down with Craig to talk about his long and fruitful career, which led him from New Brunswick to the San Diego Hall of Champions.


A concrete portrait of King Willem-Alexander
Each year in the Netherlands, the birthday of Queen Beatrix is celebrated on 30th of April. It's a national holiday, with everyone dressed in orange and celebrating with music and markets. Normally, the Royal family visits two Dutch towns to celebrate with the inhabitants of the village. In 2013, however, the announced visit of the Royal family was cancelled, due to a historic event: Queen Beatrix handed over the power to her son, Willem-Alexander. He was crowned king of the Netherlands on the 30th of April 2013.
The cancellation of the visit to the chosen towns was a disappointment for the local communities. As a result, the Dutch Precast Association (BFBN) decided to comfort the towns and their inhabitants with a special gift: a portrait of the (soon to be) king Willem-Alexander, made out of concrete pavement stones. The portrait, made out of five shades of grey stones, got a place of honor in the two Dutch towns Amstelveen and Graft-De Rijp. The portrait is best to be viewed from a height. In the picture the portrait as it is to be seen in Amstelveen, on the city square.


Kefalonia is one of the largest islands of Greece and part of the seven islands of the Eptanese island complex in the Ionian Sea in western Greece. Like all the islands of the Ionian Sea, Kefalonia combines beautiful beaches, a green environment across its area and interesting routes between the picrturesque villages and settlements.
Argostoli is the capital town of the island and holds one third of the total population of approximately 40,000 inhabitants.
Kefalonia has an interesting history that begins in the ancient years with a great archaeological significance and rises up to the era of Venetian and Roman rule in the Middle Ages. Its guests have the opportunity to visit the traditional village of Fiskardo and Assos, which maintain a very charactersitic architecture and offer a unique by the sea experience with the small shops and the tavernas with the local delicacies.
(Photo rights to Antonis Nikolopoulos, “anphotography”)


EPIPHONE AND GIBSON
In the early '50s, Epiphone's former champion and favorite late night tinkerer Les Paul became a household name with a television show, a radio program, and chart-topping hits, all played with his name-brand Gibson Les Paul. Les had been perfecting his solid body guitar design in the Epiphone factory and when Fender emerged with their Telecaster, Gibson President Ted McCarty made Les Gibson's first solid body electric guitar endorser.As Epiphone's fortunes continued to decline, Les suggest McCarty reach out to Epiphone. McCarty took the advice and reached out to Orphie, expressing Gibson's interest in Epiphone's critically acclaimed upright bass division which Gibson had not picked up again after World War II. When Orphie replied in 1957, McCarty was offered the entire Epiphone company, including the remaining inventory of the Philadelphia factory, for $20,000. McCarty accepted on behalf of Gibson. The Stathopoulo family was out of the instrument business.
Though McCarty's original intention was to bring the Epiphone bass models into the Gibson catalogue, by 1957, he changed his mind. Instead, as McCarty wrote in a memo that year, the Epiphone brand would be revived with a new line of instruments.
McCarty's marketing plan was to offer Gibson-made Epiphones to dealers who were keen to win a Gibson contract, but had not yet proven themselves as profitable dealers. (The right to sell Gibson models was hotly contested between dealerships at this time). It was the perfect solution. Dealers would get a Gibson-quality product without treading on the toes of dealers who already sold the Gibson line. The entire Epiphone operation was relocated to Kalamazoo, Michigan. Epiphone was back in business.


Inventor, artist, scientist, anatomist, engineer, architect, sculptor, philosopher. Although Leonardo da Vinci died in 1519, his influence has endured. His extraordinary legacy comes to life in the exhibition “Leonardo da Vinci: 500 Years of Genius,” now open at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Join Museum Educator Jennifer Moss Logan for a private guided tour through the exhibition and a Q&A session afterward.
This event is open only to Paid CCNNA Members and space is limited!
Further Event Details:
3:15: Gather near benches outside Museum entrance.
3:30: Launch tour with brief introduction from museum educator Jennifer Moss Logan, who will then move through each section of the gallery, offering a brief synopsis of the section and staying in the section to answer questions for a short while before moving onto the next section.
4:20: Conclude tour, gather in the 2nd floor seating area for a Q&A with Jennifer until the Museum closes at 5 p.m. If desired, attendees may remain in the exhibit and skip the Q&A.
5:00: Event concludes; Museum closes.
CCNNA - Cherry Creek North Neighborhood Association PO Box 6010Denver, CO 80206


Travelling into remote Western Arnhem Land you will witness Ancient Aboriginal Art brought to life by your indigenous guide at Injalak Hill.
Discover a natural marvel on this tour of Injalak Hill, located in the Arnhem Land region. In this place of black soil plains and tranquil wetlands, extending from the base of a vast escarpment, you can see a wide variety of birds, wallabies, goannas and other wildlife. Beautiful sandstone caves, where you will find the ancient remnants of Aboriginal dwellings and rock paintings, are also explored on this memorable tour. The tour is led by an indigenous guide, providing a unique perspective.


A woman found a racoon trespassing in her garage on Garrison Road Oct. 16 at 8:30 a.m. No arrest was made.
New Jersey crooner Frank Sinatra was arrested by police in Bergen County, New Jersey in 1938 on charges of adultery and seduction. The charges were later dismissed. Sinatra remained under surveillance by the FBI through the course of his life under suspicion of Mafia-related activity. Despite over two thousand pages of allegations, Sinatra was never charged.


Once I had arrived and started my research on these equestrian tiles, I was told that there were three other equestrian tiles still on roofs in St Ives. The common knowledge was that Leach had made these three equestrian tiles, as well as his Horse and Rider1 and 2 sculptures. Matt Tyas and I located and then photographed the three roof tiles, and as we scrutinized the images with Peter Smith, we noticed that these tiles reflected the traditional styles of the ancient tiles, and it was unlikely that Leach had made them. However, they were not nearly as weathered as the tiles in the Royal Cornwall Museum. Then we realized that these three tiles were on roofs of homes of old friends of Leach – all members of the Old Cornwall Society, as was Bernard Leach. So in all likely-hood were made during the 1920s by local potteries with the encouragement of the Old Cornwall Society. The understanding of the origins of all these different tiles came together slowly over the four weeks in St Ives, and continues as we write an article about their history. The oldest I saw was at the Royal Cornwall Museum in Truro, about 15th century, and two 17th century tiles, donated by R.J. Noall, a great collector and expert in Cornwall pottery, and a colleague of Leach’s in the Old Cornwall Society. Leach’s own equestrian sculptures are, in themselves, a response to a long tradition of horse and rider tiles, and I suppose, my own responses will join what I hope will be a continuum.


Our professional private guides introduce you to the history, culture, art, architecture, cities, food, nature and street life of our extraordinary island. Walking the footsteps of the Knights of Malta who ruled and protected the island from 1530 until Napoleon’s invasion in 1798. Experience vibrant colours in the traditional fishing villages and visit our prehistoric temples. These tours balance a comfortable pace with a convenient set of highlights. Explore an urban atmosphere in the capital Valletta and the Three Cities across the harbour. Or pick natural wonders like the Blue Grotto, Golden Bay and Dingli Cliffs for the best photos settings. We also recommend a step back in time with a visit through the medieval hillside streets of Mdina and Rabat.
This tour is flexible, we’ll work something out suited just for you.
Areas that you’ll visit:


History of the Museum
The museum had it’s humble beginning in a single room at the Army Aviation Base back in the mid 1980’s with Terry Egan as the curator.
In the early years, the museum didn’t have possession of any aircraft however, there were a number of aircraft at Oakey ‘strategically located’ that were a valuable part of the Army Aviation Corps History and these aircraft formed the foundation for what is now the museum.
Those aircraft included:
A Cessna 180, A98-045, three Bell 47 Sioux, A1-568, -720 and -738, and an O1-G Bird Dog – Bunny II.
Due to the efforts of Terry Egan, the museum eventually obtained a hangar to store the aircraft.
On 01 July 1989, the museum was officially opened by the Honorary Colonel, Colonel Ross Harding (Retd).
During the following years, the museum expanded to include four hangars and a memorabilia room.
In August 2005, the museum moved into a new purpose-built facility on the airfield at Oakey and opened for business on the 02 September 2005
The new museum complex was officially opened on 02 September 2005 by local MP Ian McFarlane.
From its humble beginning the museum has continued to grow and now houses 22 aircraft on display within the museum and a number of aircraft undergoing restoration and in storage, with more to come.
The museum also includes a memorabilia room displaying objects and relics of significance from WW1 through to current conflicts in Afghanistan.


Orange Jets: proud new member of BACA -the Air Charter Association
Orange Jets' membership to BACA - the Air Charter Association has been approved by the BACA Council. We are proud to be the first ever Dutch Member of this International recognised organisation for Air Charter professionals.
BACA, the Air Charter Association, is the successor to the Airbrokers’ Association founded by members of the Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange in March 1949. Its purpose was to bring to aircraft chartering the same standards of integrity and professionalism for which the Baltic Exchange and the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers have for so long been known and respected.
In 1976 membership was opened to include airlines and other non-members of the Exchange who could show that they operated their aviation businesses to the same high standards set by the original association. The name then changed to its present title. Later advances in communications resulted in a decline in air charter trading actually taking place on the trading floor of the Exchange, but members continued to use the facilities offered for social functions and private meetings.
The Baltic Exchange gives BACA very generous support with administrative and social resources to BACA members, and the council recommends that members take full advantage of the benefits available. Located in the heart of the City of London, the Exchange gives members a central base where they can hold meetings, hire secretarial services, use the bar and restaurant, review their emails etc. Details are available at The Baltic Exchange’s own website.
The name of the Exchange itself, Baltic, originates from the city coffee house of that name where shippers and merchants met to conduct broking business in the early 18th century. Similarly, Mr Lloyd’s coffee house was where London’s insurance market started.


I have had the privilege of working with Defining Moments for our recent History Tour to Europe in July, 2019. I found their professionalism, support, communication and experience invaluable. We embarked on an adventure with 28 students 4 staff through the World War One battlefields of France and Belgium, the horrific sites of the Holocaust and the Cold War in Berlin and Warsaw, and we explored the incredible sites of St Petersburg to glimpse at the past Romanov Dynasty. This is to name ,but a few highlights.
From a tour co-ordinators perspective, I found the organising and running of the expedition manageable with the ever increasing workload that a teacher now endures in today’s world. Simply put, this was because Defining Moments supported me at every step along this journey. We were impressed with all of our tours, accommodation, transfers and guides. Their professionalism in assisting us 24/7 must be noted and their calm and effective manner is needed whilst traveling with students in a foreign country.
A memory for me that perhaps, encompasses why we as teachers give up our holiday and add to our workload was when I watched our students’ reflect in their own individual manner at the memorial in Treblinka. Experiencing such a dark history and hearing the guide talk about the importance of sharing the victims memory brought home to me the importance of why we were there. We are messengers of history and we must share these stories to ensure history cannot repeat itself. I am thankful to have shared this journey with incredible young people who I know will make a difference in our society.
It is for this reason, I believe educational travel is such an incredible opportunity to undertake and would not pursue such endeavours without Defining Moments moving forward.


For this post, I once again explored public history institution websites to see how they presented online exhibitions. This time I looked at the National Women’s History Museum, a privately funded institution working to build a physical structure on the National Mall. As of now, the NWHM researches, collects and shares women’s history through its website. Its exhibits use the collections of other institutions, and several of them take advantage of the LIFE photo collection available through the Google Cultural Institution platform.
The first exhibit, Standing Up For Women: African American Women and the Civil Rights Movement, highlights the contributions of black women to the fight for civil rights throughout American history.
The striking LIFE magazine photos, along with items from the Library of Congress and the National Archives, feature prominently in the exhibit. Although very simple, I find the design very visually appealing and great for focusing on the women individually and as a group.
One part of the exhibit highlights individual women who played significant roles in the Civil Rights Movement. Audio recordings or video clips from oral history interviews from these women, or those who knew them and worked with them, would have added another layer to this compelling exhibit. Other exhibits might be able to take advantage of news recordings from the time, but it can be expected that these would be more likely to exist for male leaders than women.


The historic Esty Ranch is located three miles north of Gunnison, and borders approximately one mile of the Gunnison River in the scenic Gunnison Valley. Esty Ranch is a 457-acre property at an elevation of 7,900 feet that is dedicated to the production of top-quality Timothy and mountain meadow grass hay. The hay produced on Esty Ranch is sold throughout Colorado and other states to feed pleasure and rodeo horses, and is especially valued for prize racehorses.
Originally homesteaded in 1880 by John B. Outcalt, this ranch was owned and operated by the Outcalt, and later Esty, families for over 100 years, resulting in recognition as a Colorado Centennial Farm by the Colorado Department of Agriculture and the Colorado Historical Society.
The Esty Ranch operations consists of approximately 457 deeded acres, which includes extensively flood-irrigated hay fields


"Which Side Are You On?" is a song written by Florence Reece in 1931.
Reece was the wife of Sam Reece, a union organizer for the United Mine Workers in Harlan County, Kentucky.
In 1931, the miners of that region were locked in a bitter and violent struggle with the mine owners. In an attempt to intimidate the Reece family, Sheriff J. H. Blair and his men (hired by the mining company) illegally entered their family home in search of Sam Reece.
Sam had been warned in advance and escaped, but Florence and their children were terrorized in his place. That night, after the men had gone, Florence wrote the lyrics to "Which Side Are You On?" on a calendar that hung in the kitchen of her home.
She took the melody from a traditional Baptist hymn, "Lay the Lily Low", or the traditional ballad "Jack Munro". Florence recorded the song, which can be heard on the CD Coal Mining Women.
Florence Reece - Which Side Are You On


Victorian and Scottish Jewelry
Victorian, as an adjective, isn’t just defined by dates (1809 -1901) but relates to the influence of Queen Victoria on British culture and tradition during her reign.
Queen Victoria’s power and popularity coincided with the growth of print media, allowing her opinions and taste to serve as a role model for her subjects who followed the example she set in dress and jewelry and behavior. Queen Victoria identified with ordinary people and they in turn related to her and Prince Albert as they watched them through love, marriage, childbirth, death and mourning.
These milestone events were keenly observed by the British public through myriad portraits and photographs of Victoria and her public, leaving us a remarkable social history of 19th century British style in fashion and jewelry.
With the expansion of the railways, travel in Britain and the continent was an important component of changing styles and jewelry in particular reflected this. Cameos and mosaics were collected in Italy, ivory and wooden carvings in Germany and high design jewelry in Paris.
Scottish agate jewelry, produced mainly from 1860 -1900 became highly sought after Queen Victoria, mindful of her Scottish origins, had hard-stones from the North of Scotland polished and set in gold or silver in bracelets and brooches and wore them often. These ranged from simple to complex depending on the manufacturing process comprising lapidary, stone-setting and design.


Tensions rose across the US when lawmakers in some states debated which door transgender people should enter when using public restrooms. That prompted a Texas Tech assistant history professor Dr. Emily Skidmore to explore the history of transgender men in the US. Her new book dispels the idea that the issue is new in this country.
“One thing that I hope readers will take away is just the fact that there’s a long history of trans-men existing in the United States,” she says. “It’s not a new phenomenon.”


The Cincinnati Masters (currently sponsored by the Western & Southern Financial Group and called the Western & Southern Open) is an annual outdoor hardcourt tennis event held in Mason, Ohio near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The event started on September 18, 1899 and is the oldest tennis tournament in the United States played in its original city.
The tournament is the second largest summer tennis event in the U.S. after the U.S. Open, as its men’s portion is one of nine elite Masters 1000 tournaments on the ATP World Tour and its women’s event is one of five Premier 5 events on the WTA Tour
The tournament was started in 1899 as the Cincinnati Open and was renamed in 1901 to Tri-State Tennis Tournament, a name it would keep until 1969 (it would later be known by several other names, including ATP Championships), and would eventually grow into the tournament now held in Mason. The original tournament was held at the Avondale Athletic Club, which sat on property that is now Xavier University, and would later be moved to several various locations due to changes in tournament management and surfaces. The first tournament in 1899 was played on clay courts (described in a newspaper article of the time as “crushed brick dust”), and the event was mostly played on clay until 1979 when it switched permanently to hardcourts.
In 1903, the tournament was moved to the Cincinnati Tennis Club, where it was primarily held until 1972. In 1974, the tournament was nearly dropped from the tennis calendar but moved at the last moment to the Cincinnati Convention Center, where it was played indoors and, for the first time since 1919, without a women’s draw. In 1975, the tournament moved to the Coney Island amusement park on the Ohio River, and the tournament began to gain momentum again.
In 1975, the tournament reins were taken by Paul M. Flory, then an executive with Procter & Gamble. During his tenure, the tournament enriched its considerable heritage while donating millions of dollars to charity: to Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tennis for City Youth (a program to teach tennis to inner-city children), and to The Charles M. Barrett Cancer Center at University Hospital. Flory was honored with the ATP’s Arthur Ashe Humanitarian Award, enshrinement in the USTA/Midwest Hall of Fame and the Cincinnati Tennis Hall of Fame, and was named one of the Great Living Cincinnatians by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce. Flory began his involvement as a volunteer with the tournament in the late 1960s and remained a volunteer until the end, never accepting a salary. Flory, who was born on May 31, 1922, died on January 31, 2013, remaining tournament chairman until his final day.
Between 1978 and 1989 it was a major tournament of the men’s Grand Prix Tennis Tour and part of the Grand Prix Super Series.
In 1979 the tournament moved to Mason where a permanent stadium was built and the surface was changed from Har-Tru clay to hardcourt (DecoTurf II.). Later, two other permanent stadia were constructed, making the Cincinnati Masters the only tennis tournament outside the four Grand Slam events with three stadium courts – Center Court, Grandstand Court and Court 3. A new Court 3 was built in 2010, increasing the number of stadium courts to four, with the existing Court 3 renamed Court 9. The women’s competition was reinstated in 1988 for one year, and then again in 2004 when the organizers, with the help of the Octagon sports agency, bought the Croatian Bol Ladies Open and moved it to Cincinnati.
In August 2008, the men’s tournament was sold to the United States Tennis Association, the owners of the US Open.
In 2002, the tournament was sponsored for the first time by Western & Southern Financial Group, with the company continuing its sponsorship until at least 2016. In 2011 the men’s and women’s tournaments were played at the same time making a joint tournament. As a result, the name of the competition changed from the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women’s Open to the Western & Southern Open
|Women’s singles finals|
|2017||Garbiñe Muguruza||Simona Halep||6–1, 6–0|
|2016||Karolína Plíšková||Angelique Kerber||6–3, 6–1|
|2015||Serena Williams||Simona Halep||6–3, 7–6(7–5)|
|2014||Serena Williams||Ana Ivanovic||6–4, 6–1|
|2013||Victoria Azarenka||Serena Williams||2–6, 6–2, 7–6(8–6)|
|2012||Li Na||Angelique Kerber||1–6, 6–3, 6–1|
|2011||Maria Sharapova||Jelena Janković||4–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–3|
|2010||Kim Clijsters||Maria Sharapova||2–6, 7–6(7–4), 6–2|
|2009||Jelena Janković||Dinara Safina||6–4, 6–2|


Movie Description : Dharam Yudh Morcha (2017) Punjabi HDRip Full Movie Download Hd Mp4 During a family visit, a devout man tells his grandson about significant events from the history of Sikhs in India.
Movie Name : Dharam Yudh Morcha (2017) Punjabi HDRip
Category : Punjabi Movies
Genre : Action, Biography
Starcast : Karamjit Singh Batth, Amritpal Singh Billa, Sunny Gill
Release Date : 2017
Duration : 2h 2min


This project was supported in part by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed on this site do not necessarily represent those of the
Institute of Museum and Library Services.
The Thorne Miniature Rooms were conceived, designed and created by Narcissa Niblack Thorne beginning in the 1930s. The rooms faithfully depict the architecture and interior design of the 16th century to 1925 in Europe and the United States.


Inscrit le: 07 Avr 2016
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|Posté le: Ven 30 Juin - 21:33:02 (2017) Sujet du message: The Berlin Galleries Giving A History Of The Kaiser Fried
Excerpt from The Berlin Galleries: Giving a History of the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, With a Critical Description of the Paintings Therein Contained, Together With a Brief Account of the National Gallery of XIX Century Art
A further extension of the museum group was had in the completion of the Pergamon Museum, in 1901, where the great altar of Pergamon, the products of the Schliemann excavations, and other plastic antiquities are found.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
bound: 440 pages
publisher: Forgotten Books (May 2, 2017)
isbn: 1330303393, 978-1330303399,
weight: 1.3 pounds (


He was born on December 7, 1956, in West Baden, Indiana. He graduated from Springs Valley High School in French Lick, Indiana in 1974. He attended Indiana University briefly, then transferred to Indiana State University in Terre Haute. He then embarked on an outstanding basketball career, establishing himself as one of the best shooting forwards in the history of the game. He led the Sycamores to the 1979 NCAA Title Game versus Michigan State that year. Bird then joined the Celtics in the fall of 1979 and played with them his entire career. He led the Celtics to five NBA Finals appearances, winning championships in 1981, 1984 and 1986. Bird won three straight league MVP’s, two NBA Finals MVP’s, NBA Rookie of the Year, and was selected as a first team NBA all-star nine times. Back injuries forced him to retire in 1992, and his number 33 was promptly retired by the Celtics. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Mass. in 1998.


Founded in 1952, Mora bank is a family owned financial institution based in Andorra. The bank offers an array of banking services including basic banking, private banking, asset management and online brokerage services.
Mora bank originally began in 1938 as an exchange bureau called Bonaventura Mora. It was not until 1952 when Bonaventura Mora obtained permission to handle a variety of currency operations. In the year 1956 the financial institution changed its name to Banca Mora. The bank rebranded in 2011 under the name Mora bank.
The bank was awarded the Andorran Bank of the Year by The Banker magazine four times in 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015. It was also named the Best Banking Group of Andorra by World Finance in 2010, 2011 and 2014.


TRIPS TO THE CANONIZATION OF BLESSED FR. STANISLAUS PAPCZYŃSKI ORGANIZED BY THE PILGRIMAGE OFFICE AT THE CONGREGATION OF MARIAN FATHERS
Now that the official announcement of the date of the canonization of Bl. Fr. Stanislaus Papczyński has been made, the Marianum Travel – Pilgrimage Office at the Marian Fathers – organizes pilgrimages for the canonization, which will take place on June 5, 2016, at the Holy See.
A charter plane for the canonization
We chartered a plane from Warsaw to Rome for June 5, 2016. The flight would depart from the Okęcie Airport at 3:50am, and the return fligth will take off at about 7:30pm. The cost of participation is 1,260 Polish zlotys. Price includes: airfare, transfer by coach from the Ciampino airport to St. Peter’s Square, participation in bl. S. Papczyński’s canonization ceremony, entering through the Holy Door, prayer at the tomb of St. John Paul II, guide services, sightseeing of the ancient Rome with a tour guide, and insurance. Please book soon.
Pilgrimages by plane and coach
We also organize trips by plane and coach intended for a longer stay in Italy and visit of many important shrines and historic sites such as Rome, Assisi, San Giovanni Rotondo, Manoppello, and Cascia.
Persons interested in attending the canonization ceremony, please contact:


The following railroad depots and structures are, to the best of my knowledge, no longer standing. They were razed, burned, fell down, or were destroyed in wrecks. If you know of any errors here, please contact me at email@example.com
I have a collection of negatives and slides of U.S. depots mostly taken in the 1980's through the early 1990's, mostly south of a line running from Buffalo, NY, to San Francisco, CA, and with a concentration in the southern plains (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas). I'd like to add other depots to this page. If you know of any depots standing about 10-15 years ago that are now gone, please contact me at firstname.lastname@example.org so I can see if I have a photo of it, and if I do I'll put it up on this page.
Texas had a law through about the1950's that corporations doing business in the state had to be incorporated there. National corporations had to form separate Texas subsidiaries or purchase a previously existing Texas company. A company like the Santa Fe or Southern Pacific might have several Texas subsidiaries, whose names often turn up in Official Guides and other literature of the time. I'll usually list the "Texas" version of the company that operated this particular line at the time the structure was built, with the "real" railroad in parentheses, even though it may long have been part of the larger national system.
All images © Mark A. Thomas.
International-Great Northern (Missouri Pacific)
Seen on February 17, 1985.
This was a 1940's replacement station. An earlier depot on this site, which burned, was a standard IGN brick "hammerhead" design (two large bays on either side of one end), similar to ones in Rockdale and Marlin, Texas. After Union Pacific absorbed MoPac, the station seen here was razed, on December 20, 1990. Full image 66 KB
Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe (ATSF)
Seen on November 29, 1981.
The Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe, although beginning as a separate railroad running north from Galveston, became one of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe's Texas subsidiaries before the end of the 19th century. This 20th century depot looks like a typical Santa Fe "county seat" combination station of the sort found throughout Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. (Cameron is the county seat of Milam County.) Note the Santa Fe cross incorporated into the brickwork at the top of the end gables. The depot was gone by December 1982. Full image 51 KB
Carson City, Nevada
Virginia and Truckee
Seen on August 19, 1983.
This cut stone engine house dated, I believe, from the 1860s. Although in a sad state here, I remember hearing that it was more completely destroyed in a fire, although I don't know if any of the walls remain. Full image 90 KB
Seen on June 26, 1985.
Clinton was where three IC lines crossed, warranting this substantial station: the line from Gilman (on the main line south of Chicago) headed to St. Louis; an east-west line from Champaign to Havana, IL; and a north-south line from Freeport, IL, to Centralia. Full image 78 KB
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Kansas City Southern
Seen on July 25, 1983.
At one of the southern terminuses of the KCS. The plaque dates from after KCS acquisition of the Louisiana & Arkansas, which itself never had a line into Lake Charles. Full image 66 KB Plaque 142 KB
Lake Charles, Louisiana
Seen on July 25, 1983.
The line is on Espee's Sunset Route and the depot was on Railroad Avenue. Burned around the late 1980's. Full image 89 KB
Lordsburg, New Mexico
Seen on December 29, 1982.
Also on Espee's Sunset Route, this was razed on November 24, 1988 (per an informant). Full image 64 KB
North Zulch, Texas
Trinity and Brazos Valley (Burlington-Rock Island; Burlington Northern)
Seen on September 26, 1984.
This classic depot (or, part of one, since it looks like the freight portion is missing) survived into the 1980s, when it was crushed by grain-filled 100 ton covered hoppers after a derailment. Full image 119 KB
Roxboro, North Carolina
Norfolk & Western
Seen on October 29, 1984.
This was on Norfolk and Western's Lynchburg, VA, to Durham, NC, branch, built as the Lynchburg & Durham Railroad from 1887-1890 and absorbed by the N&W shortly thereafter. Remarkably, an earlier 19th century frame station of the L&D is still standing, having been moved back from the track and used for storage. Full image 66 KB
Denver & Rio Grande Western
Seen on August 16, 1983.
This beautiful art deco station was in the town in the Arkansas River valley, on Rio Grande's Royal Gorge/Tennessee Pass line, where at one time the original narrow gauge main line had split off to the west to go over Marshall Pass and through the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. The Rio Grande travelled "Through the heart of the Rockies, not around them." Full image 80 KB
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
Seen in December, 1972.
This depot (and Harvey House) was on Santa Fe's main line through northern Arizona. Sorry it's a little fuzzy. Full image 40 KB
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I finally finished reading through Blake J. Harris’ Console Wars, (one week reading time) and I can confidently say that, outside of fantasy and poetry, it is the most enjoyable book I have ever read. Even during the week and with my duties (correcting papers, preparing lessons, etc) I often found myself sneaking time in to be able to follow the exploits of SEGA of America and its team of executives. As I mentioned in my First Impressions post, the book focuses on the only true console war that the video game industry has ever experienced – the 16 bit console war. The book chronicles the exploits of Tom Kalinske and his steam at SEGA of America as they grow the small company from one with a hold on a meager 5% of the video game market share to a gargantuan powerhouse that at its highest point dominated over 60% of the 16-bit market.
The book, written in accessible prose, is full of interesting (if remixed) conversations between Kalinske and his lieutenants at SEGA of America. Some of the most memorable figures in the story include Al Nilsen (the likable mastermind who marketed the Genesis and its 2 cool mascot), Race (a video game veteran who worked at Atari, Nintendo, SEGA, and Sony, and whose comments on Japanese culture made him come across as one of the least likable figures on Kalinske’s team), EBVB (Ellen Beth Van Buskirk Knapp, a brilliant executive whose efforts helped build the image of the Genesis as the “cool” gaming system), and Shinobu Toyoda (the liaison between SEGA of America and SEGA of Japan).
Although the book does go into historical events that changed the face of the gaming landscape and the industry as a whole, such as its exposition of the lawsuits between Universal and Nintendo over Donkey Kong and the clash between EA, who successfully reverse-engineered the Genesis, and SEGA, its focus is not to document historical events as much as it is to chronicle the story of a company and its CEO, and it does so brilliantly.
My favorite thing about the book is how it sheds light on the events and corporate philosophies and decisions going on behind the curtain – events that help shed on the disastrous turn of events that happened for SEGA during the end of its 16-bit days and that help explain, to some extent, the current condition of the Wii U.


These days, the Glock is one of the most well-known and reliable handguns available to professionals and shooting enthusiasts of all kinds. Despite being founded back in 1963 by Austrian engineer and businessman, Gaston Glock, Glock Ges.m.b.h. actually didn’t release its very first firearm until almost two decades later. Prior to that release, the company focused on manufacturing other products for the Austrian military, such as knives, machine gun belt links, and grenade casings. That changed, however, when the Glock 17 got its shot in 1982.
In the early 1980s, the Austrian Armed Forces were in dire near of a new and reliable sidearm for their combatants. At the time, their military was still using the out-of-date Walther P38 from World War II. In response to this, the Ministry of Defence of Austria announced that they would take into consideration several new and modern handguns proposed to them, so long as they met the 17-item long list of required criteria. Among these requirements was the need for it fire 9x19mm parabellum rounds, be self loading, and have preventive measures to prevent any accidental discharge.
Enter Gaston Glock.
Up until that point, Mr. Glock had never made even a single firearm. However, with the help of several European handgun experts and his company’s machine specifically designed for crafting custom polymer parts, Mr. Glock was able to produce the Glock 17 after only one year.
The Glock 17 was designed to be a simple yet durable sidearm that was easy to learn and even easier to maintain. The weapon consisted of only 35 parts, included three internal safeties, and a 17-round magazine. The Austrian military was a big fan of the new pistol and adopted it as their official firearm in 1983.
Then in 1986, after witnessing its success overseas, law enforcement agencies in the U.S. also went on to adopt the handgun as their official sidearm. The U.S. was facing an ever-escalating problem with international drug trade at the time and the Glock 17 gave them an edge that they desperately needed.
The first generation of the Glock 17 remained in production until 1988, when the Gen 2 model was finally revealed.
During the second generation of their pistols, Glock made several small but important quality of life improvements to their firearms. Now that the weapon was an international staple for military and police, the company began to manufacture the gun with a steel plate that clearly displayed the weapon’s serial number so that it was in compliance with ATF guidelines.
In addition to the steel plate, Glock also began to produce the weapons with upgrades to its magazine floorplate and magazine follower spring, a new checkered grip texture for improved handling, and began to offer the weapon in several different calibers.
Alongside the second generation of the Glock 17 that was released in 1988, the company also unveiled its newest product – the Glock 19. Still considered arguably the company’s most iconic pistol. Later on, in 1995, the Glock 26 and Glock 27 would also be release and aimed more at casual consumers as opposed to military or police personnel.
Initially kicking off in 1998, the Gen 3 Glocks have now been in production for over 20 years and are still sold today. With the arrival of the third generation, the weapons began to be produced in two new calibers (.45 GAP and .357 Sig) and now came with an accessory rail. This rail allowed for more tactically advantageous options like a mounted flashlight or laser for improved accuracy.
In addition to the new calibers and rail, the Gen 3 Glocks received several other upgrades including thumb shelfs on both sides of the weapon for both right and left-handed shooters, finger grooves in the handle, and an extractor for indicating a loaded chamber.
Generation 4 of the Glock started in 2010 and brought along with it several new improvements to the firearm and its first significant change in dimensions since the original Glock 17 in 1982.
One of the biggest changes made to the Glock in the fourth generation was the introduction of a much larger magazine catch/release. At nearly three times the size of previous generations, the catch/release could now be swapped to either side of the gun to accommodate all shooters, regardless of their dominant hand.
Generation 4 also brought along a much more stable shooting experience. The Gen 4 Glocks feature a dual recoil spring that drastically cuts back on the weapon’s recoil and allows for much more precise firing. As an added benefit, the reduced recoil also extended the life of Gen 4 Glocks by minimizing wear and tear on the weapon from prolonged firing.
This generation also witnessed the introduction of the Glock 42 .380 ACP and Glock 43 9mm. Both are subcompact single stack handguns.
2017 saw the arrival of the Gen 5 Glocks, including the Glock 47 and 45 that are now the service weapons of both U.S. Borer Patrol and Customs agents. The Gen 5 models boast new trigger guard relief cuts, a flared magazine well to increase reloading speed, as well as alterations to the Glock’s internal components.
The internal mechanisms of the Glock have remained largely the same since the original Gen 1 weapons. This, however, changed with the arrival of the fifth generation. The standard barrel has been swapped out in favor of a Glock Marksman barrel in all Gen 5 models, the cross pin has been removed, and Generation 5 Glocks also use a nDLC coating to help prevent against scratches and corrosion.


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Why is every body getting gifts, roses, big bears and chocolate on February 14th? It seems like an easy question to answer, but do you actually know the history of Valentine’s Day?
Valentine’s Day came from the ancient Roman festival of Lupercalia. An annual three-day ritual believed to ward off evil spirits and increase fertility, that was held on February 13th to 15th.


John Plant con Cruiser Tank Warfare
Cruiser Tank Warfare is a term used to describe the British concept of armoured warfare based on fast, thinly armoured tanks. The book traces the history of this concept from the publication of 'Mechanised and Armoured Formations' in 1929 up to the end of the war. It does this by following the British understanding of the subject in manuals, 'Modern Formations' being extensively quoted, by considering the development of Cruiser tank design, and by looking at the major actions that Cruisers were involved in. The conclusion drawn is that the Cruiser Tank Warfare concept was fundamentally flawed. It is important to note that the book restricts itself to a detailed investigation of the British experience of tank warfare, only occasionally referring to foreign armies and then purely for comparison. It is confidently planned to publish a companion volume titled 'Infantry Tank Warfare'.


As we approach the end of the year, it’s usually customary to take a little look back on times gone by. As a company that has a long history in the field of dentistry, we’ve always made a point of taking pride in all the hard work from years past that we’ve built our success on, but without living in the past. This month, though, to celebrate the end of another successful year, we thought it might be fun to tell you a little bit about the history of our profession. It’s a very long and eventful history, so we can only fit bits and pieces into one blog post, but we hope they give you a general idea.
Dentistry is literally an ancient profession, as it can be traced all the way back to Ancient Egypt where, around 7500 B.C., people are known to have had the first replacement teeth (ancient versions of dentures and crowns). You can track the development of, and discussion around, dentistry throughout the Ancient World, with the first recorded reference to a professional dental practitioner made in 2600 B.C.
Moving on to Ancient Greece, legendary thinkers like Hippocrates and Aristotle also dedicated some of their thoughts to dentistry, describing dental methods from how to treat decayed teeth to using wires to fix loose teeth. Similarly, there are extensive writings about topics like the importance of oral hygiene (yes, dentists have been desperately trying to promote it for several millennia now) from the Ancient Roman medical writers.
As is often the case in any field of medicine, the traces of the beginning of the profession itself, as well as several innovations within the field, can be traced back to China. For example, in 700 A.C. Chinese medical writers were already discussing the use of a type of amalgam in dental care. One of the most important developments to the profession itself is made in 1200 in France, when the first Guild of Barbers is established. In case you didn’t know, both surgery as well as dentistry were performed by barbers for hundreds of years during the Middle Ages.
The 19th century saw plenty of developments in dentistry techniques as well as the starting of the first dentistry practice in the United States by John Baker in 1760, an immigrant from England. As an interesting addition, 1776 is when the first known post-mortem dental forensics procedure was done, used to verify the identity of a deceased based on a bridge a dentist can confirm as one he had earlier constructed for the patient. The next two hundred years are a whirl of innovations at a pace that’s ever increasing and impossible to detail in one blog post. But essentially they’ve led us to a place where we can alleviate almost any pain situation, fix practically all aesthetic problems and, generally, make people’s smiles more beautiful than ever.
If you want to know more about what we as the leading providers of procedures from emergency dentistry to dental implants in Philadelphia can do for you, please don’t hesitate to contact us directly.


When I requested Rakel about the method ahead for women’s historical past in Iceland, her first thought was not the future of an educational field; she as an alternative shared her thoughts on the state of equality and activism right now. Iceland is arguably one of the world’s most gender-equal international locations. It is listed as primary within the 2016 best locations to work by The Economist’s ladies index. It has been named essentially the most feminist country on the earth, and has been listed primary on the World Economic Forum gender pay gap index since 2009. After the law was brought in, greater than 90% of fathers used their paternal go away. Research found that this put men and women on a extra equal footing in the workplace, however didn’t seem to have an effect on the pay gap. In 2012, there were plans to steadily increase the leave to be 5 months for each mother or father, plus two months of transferable leave, by 2016.
While having no standing armed forces, Iceland contributes to NATO operations with monetary contributions and civilian personnel. Suddenly, the entire country was shut down at sure hours, because all of the factories, businesses and eating places relied on women to keep them going. The women’s strike made world information, and in 1980, when presidential elections got here round, somebody stated, “we cannot have this election without a lady.” Imagine my surprise after I began seeing my name within the newspapers. I resisted at first, but when somebody made me see this position as being a spokesperson for others, it helped change my mind. That modified in 1903 however still that means that greater than 50 years glided by the place only men with sure status in society had the proper to vote.
Following this achievement, on June 15, 1915, girls older than forty gained the right to vote in national elections. Before this, males may vote from 25 years of age and women only at 40 years old. In 1920, Iceland eliminated “the age barrier to voting eligibility for women” completely. Then, in 1922, Iceland elected Ingibjorg Bjarnason as the first feminine member of the Icelandic Parliament. In 2003 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir was elected as the primary female Prime Minister of Iceland in addition to the world’s first openly lesbian head of presidency. She held that place for 16 years and used her leadership to attempt to ban strip golf equipment “explaining it as a needed measure to result in justice, which is unimaginable, as she concluded, when women are handled like commodities”.
The agency features a three part council which incorporates the Equal Status Council, the Complaints Committee, and a new Centre for Gender Equality. This worries me,” mentioned Gro Bruntland, Norway’s first female prime minister. I could see that this interconnectedness of past and present informed Rakel’s work on the Women’s History Archive as properly. The Archive was began by feminist activists and librarians in 1975, and was housed within the house of considered https://planetofwomen.org/icelandic-women one of its founders, Anna Sigurðardóttir, until 1996, when it turned a half of the National Library. From the start, the Archive had the assist of Iceland’s women’s associations, and right now the relationship between the Archive and women’s teams continues to be a central part of the Archive’s work. Members of parliament in 1924, including Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason, the primary women elected to Icelandic parliament.
The legacy of the herring era, and particularly of the herring women, is vividly and tenderly recounted at the Herring Era Museum in Siglufjörður. Iceland’s largest maritime museum, it occupies five former fishery buildings, including a salting station that also served as a women’s dormitory, a fish meal and oil factory, and a reconstructed boathouse.
There had been no shifts or pre-scheduled hours.” As vessels approached, native boys ran or biked from home to house, knocking on home windows to wake the ladies up. For women who weren’t indentured, life nonetheless revolved around home chores and was largely rural, as sheep-rearing was the largest business on the island. “These ladies have been used to being residence alone all year round, cleaning, cooking and caring for his or her families,” says Elefsen. Though herring fishing had lengthy been practiced in Iceland’s waters, the country’s herring era only began in forcein 1903, when Norwegian fishing fleets showed up with huge drift nets able to capturing big caches of herring.
You may need heard of a few of the ladies I’m featuring however there are others that you’ve got most likely never discovered about. The country created agency to examine and stability progress on advancing equality as a part of a revisions to the Act on Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men.


The Origins of Material Handling Equipment
The world of material handling moves at the speed of light today; but did you ever wonder how the technology developed. Doing so could involve a history lesson dating back to the Egyptians and use of logs, block and tackle pulleys and an assortment of other basic material handling processes.
However, this is not history class and you’re not here to be bored. Seriously though, material handling has come a long way in the past 100 years and much of it is interrelated.
Many material handling tools used today evolved around the same time in history as one improvement led to another. The pallet is a prime example. Prior to mass production, most items were made as needed and shipped the same way.
As demand and production increased, inventions such as the cardboard box led to improved methods of shipment. The box increased the amount of products a company could ship, but demand still made this mode costly and required another solution.
Enter the pallet.
The pallet and forklift
The modern [wooden] pallet decreased the amount of labor required to ship the same amount of products in boxes. Pallets allowed for multiple boxed on a single platform. This reduced the amount of labor needed from one location to another, but was still very labor-intensive for loading and unloading.
Furthermore, loads could not be too heavy because there was no means other than human power to move from the assembly line to storage or the loading dock. An economical method of moving, loading and unloading pallets was needed.
This ushered in the development of the forklift.
Early forklifts were nothing more than motorized carts. These did allow for easier transportation of products but manual labor was still required to load and unload the carts. Actual lifting of products used more crane-like devices and only allowed for lifting the load a few inches off the ground.
It was not until 1915 that “forks” or skids appeared to lift a pallet, but only a few feet. Finally, the forklift with actual forks became more prevalent in the late 1920s as improved technology such as hydraulics allowed for increased lifting capability. Refinements continue to this day. However, the basic concept has changed little since.
Forklifts allowed for movement of product inside the warehouse and the loading dock. This vehicle saved time and moved product efficiently. However, as companies continued to move into a mass production approach to manufacturing, the need for storage space became critical.
Practically all products and materials were stored at ground level requiring companies to expand warehouses to accommodate the storage space requirements. As expected, the need created new opportunity to develop a new storage method.
The idea of vertical storage (pallet racks) also appeared in the 1920s. Metal racks made from steel allowed pallet storage of two, three and four levels high, revolutionizing the warehouse. Significant floor space was no longer a critical need for storage.
These early pallet racks paved the way for improved warehouse efficiency and with the development of stronger metals and improved engineering. Racking was mainly a one-size fits all style before.
Then in 1947, Demetrius Comino, invented the Dexion Slotted Angle.
This invention revolutionized racking by making it possible to adjust the shelves thereby accommodating different size loads. More innovations followed that helped in the development of specialized racking including selective, pushback, drive-in, flow racks and others.
These improvements allowed the warehouse to grow with the company with many of today’s racks now reaching several stories high.
The concept of a system to move materials from one location to another has its origins back hundreds of years ago. However, the first real conveying system to gain notoriety dates back to Henry Ford and his use of the conveyor to maximize efficiency on the assembly line.
Before Ford’s assembly line conveyor, automobiles required at least 12 hours to build. The conveyor reduced that time to two and one-half hours, an 80 percent improvement! However, the conveyor systems found in today’s warehouses really became practical once the conveying belts became durable enough to handle the rigorous demands of moving large quantities of products and materials without needing repair or replacement.
New materials such as plastics, synthetic rubber and urethane combined with improved controls allowed conveyors to move products over longer distances without breaking down. Today’s conveyors take these advancements further by reducing energy and improving efficiency through the use of variable frequency drives, computers and technology that aids in sorting.
Many aspects of material handling dovetailed into the other, bringing us to where we are today. A complete material handling system now consists of many components and with the advent of computerized technology, more change is on the way.


Sri Thillasthanam Swamy Kainkarya Sabha was formed in the year 1957 to commemorate the memory of HH Sri Satagopa Ramanuja Yathindra Mahadesikan fondly called Sri. Thillasthanam Swamy.
The Sabha has been celebrating his Thirunakshatram and Aradanam since then without fail . Year 2016 marked the completion of 60 years since the sabha was formed . A good number of scholars and devotees assemble at Sri Prasanna Krishnaswamy temple , Tulasivanam , Majestic Bangalore and conduct Sevai – both Divya Prabhandam and Veda and large number of people congregate on these occasions.
Sri. Swamy’s Brindavanam is located close to Dasavarathara Sannidhi at Srirangam near Trichy town . The Brindavanam was renovated by the Sabha with contributions from patrons and devotees in year 2015-16 .
Sri Swamy would stay for long periods at Bangalore , and would conduct his programme of lectures at Sri. Prasannakrishnaswamy temple , Thulasithottam , Majestic Bangalore. He took great interest in the working of the Sri. Prasannakrishnaswamy temple and organised the worship procedure at the temple according to Agama and Vedic precepts. He also arranged the installation of Divya Mangala Moorthi of HH Sri. Adivan Satagopa Mahadesikan at the temple.


Centar Ogulina je 1847. godine dobio vodovod, no većina građana nije imala pitku vodu u svojim kućama, već se donosila s fontana, ili po ogulinski funtana kojih je bilo u svim dijelovima grada. Pored nekih funtana nalazila su se i korita iz kojih se napajala stoka, a bila su to mjesta druženja odraslih i djece.
Jedina sačuvana funtana, osim vrela Cesarovac u parku kralja Tomislava, je Lovrićeva funtana na kraju Mucekove ulice. Ime je dobila po obitelji Lovrić koja živi u blizini funtane.
The center of Ogulin received water supply in 1847, but most of the citizens did not have drinking water in their houses, so it was brought from the fountains or funtane, which were all over the town. Next to some fountains, there were also troughs from which cattle were fed, and these were places for adults and children to socialize.
The only preserved fountain, apart from the Cesarovac spring in King Tomislav Park, is Lovrićeva fountain at the end of Mucekova Street. It was named after the Lovrić family who lived near the fountain.


Golden triangle is perhaps the most favored vacation circuits in northern India. Towns lined using this type of fascinating vacation circuit Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. Each and every year numerous tourists from numerous elements of the World embark on gold triangle travel and excursions. In this magnificent touring different in northern India travellers have an awesome chance to Have got a profound Perception into wealthy cultural heritage of India by checking out many historic and heritage monuments like Purple Fort, India Gate, Qutub Minar, Taj Mahal, Itmad-Ud-Daullah, Agra Fort, Buland Darwaza, Town Palace, Jantar Mantar, Amber Fort and Hawa Mahal. Travelers can notice An impressive combination of ancient charm and modernity In this particular touring choice in northern India.
It has been Just about the most contemporary towns in your complete environment but nevertheless maintains its ancient allure. Traveling inside of this historical city can be a Excellent journey for travelers have a great chance to stop by several historical and heritage monuments as well as a number of present day attractions. You'll find just 3 UNESCO environment heritage sites inside of this metropolis. They are Qutub Minar (the greatest brick minaret on the planet), Red Fort (one of many very opulent Mughal fortresses in India) and Humayun's Tomb (the extremely first yard grave of India).
Another vacation spot of Golden triangle vacation is Agra - town of Taj Mahal. Agra is a gorgeous town located in the financial institutions of Yamuna River in Uttar Pradesh. Likewise Delhi, Agra also characteristics a few UNESCO globe heritage Internet sites. The Taj Mahal (the indication of affection) is well-known for its matchless architectural attractiveness and never fails to entice visitors arriving from numerous elements of the planet for India trips. This stunning romance Tale was developed by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the taking part in of his darling spouse, Mumtaz Mahal. The vista of white marble monument Taj Mahal is just matchless Particularly in the course of sunrise, sunset or total moonlight. Agra Fort, created by Mughal emperor Akbar, is well-known for its architectural excellence. It really is also referred to as the infant Taj or maybe the Modest Taj Mahal or the Draft on the Taj Mahal. You might enjoy Agra tours an incredible deal.
Jaipur, the pink town of India, is the following and previous desired destination of thrilling Golden Triangle Excursions. It is the state capital of Rajasthan and famous for magnificent temples & palaces, havelis, temples, gardens and heritage resorts. You could really like an incredible offer the attraction of Delhi Agra Jaipur excursions with this particular interesting India tour offer. So, arrive and examine these 3 historic metropolitan areas of India and treasure experience of a lifestyle.
Delhi Agra Jaipur Tour handles the all of the sightseeing of gold triangle in India particularly Delhi Agra Jaipur.
Delhi Agra Jaipur Tour facilitates you to definitely pomp India within the liveliest method. The unbelievable see of your magnificent and ostentatious architecture of your temples together While using the loaded custom of art and tradition are the main attraction of your tour. This excursion handles 3 gorgeous towns of your nation which are reckoned for history and epic grandeur.
Delhi Agra Jaipur Tour addresses the the many sightseeing of gold triangle in India particularly Delhi Agra Jaipur.
Delhi Agra Jaipur Tour facilitates you to pomp India from the liveliest fashion. The unbelievable look at with the magnificent and ostentatious architecture of the temples in combination with the rich custom of art and tradition are the most crucial attraction with the excursion. This excursion addresses a few beautiful towns in the country that are reckoned more info for background and also epic grandeur.
These sites are famed for personification from the Indian historical, architectural and cultural heritage.
If you wish to go in the actual magnificence of India and also have a limited time frame, Delhi Agra Jaipur tour is perfect for you. It is to get a working day excursion that gives you the actual architectural and cultural heritage. About the extremely to start with dayyou will be able to have an understanding of one of many earliest metropolitan areas of your World. It's possible you'll go to Rashtrapati Bhavan, India Gate and a Few of the click here aspects of central Delhi. In addition to this you will also take a look at Himayun Tomb and Qutub Minar and within the afternoon you may visit Jaipur.
On another dayyou may well visit the hilltop fortress and ascend the imposing fort on a painted elephant.
In the noon you could visit the old walled town of Jaipur the'pink town'. That is definitely meticulously made about the traces from the Shilpa-Shastra architecture. Later while in the dayyou might take a look at Jantar Mantar, Hawa Mahal, more mature city palace plus the memorial that display the unusual fusion of Mughal as well as Hindu architecture. Right here you can value a unusual array of paintings of Rajasthani armory along with the costumes. At nighttime chances are you'll notice the vitality of Rajasthani folks society at Chokhi Dhani.
The subsequent working day it's possible you'll en-route Fatehpur Sikri to Agra that is globally well-known for your Taj Mahal.
This architectural grandeur from the fort as well as the palaces is actually a vivid reminder of 16th and also the early seventeenth generations. For almost any tourist, his India Tour is incomplete with no Taj Mahal-the indication of affection.
It was built by the Moghul Emperor Shahjehan for Queen Mumtaz Mahal for getting enshrining her mortal stays.
Should you be checking out India for the incredibly 1st time then there's no better option in comparison to the Delhi Agra Jaipur excursion. Using this tour, you might have to know The three famous towns of India-Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. You will definitely adore the allure of Delhi Agra Jaipur excursions for this enjoyable India tour offer.
So, prepare to treasure The journey for a lifestyle by browsing the land of sand, camel swaying, and stress-free oasis.
Rajasthan is these types of a big put that nobody tours can pay for The entire spot. You will discover a large range of adventures are intriguing excursions in Rajasthan that could go away your head numbness with the many anticipations.


Born in 1948 in Cairo and grown up in Harare, Zimbabwe Michael Raeburn is one of the most versatile and renowned filmmakers of Zimbabwe. Like many others of his colleagues he had to leave the country for several times living in the Diaspora, due to the Zimbabwe’s long and chequered history.
His work as a film director ranges from feature to documentary film, which investigates by examples of micro-social or micro-economic changes the big switches of postcolonial societies in Africa or in the so-called Third World in general. Quite early yet as a student in 1969 he questioned and criticized the apartheid system of Ian Smith’s Rhodesia, opposing it publicly and through the release of his first film „Rhodesia Countdown“. As a consequence he had to leave the country for the first time continuing his studies in Paris and London. But besides working as critical filmmaker Raeburn started as a novelist as well. His book “Black Fire” from 1978 is based on interviews with Zimbabwean freedom fighters offering a profound insight into the background and circumstances of the 15 years long liberation struggle. Two years later, shortly after the birth of the nation of Zimbabwe and at the beginning of the government of Robert Mugabe, Raeburn returned. Zimbabwe became a role model for modern African nations. Its spirit of optimism and its euphoric atmosphere in the first decade of independence was also documented in Raeburn’s feature film “Jit”. However in the middle of the 1990s the situation of the country turned again as the economic conditions of the country were becoming increasingly tense. Historical and ethnic sores started to get reopened again and the raising political and social repressions finally became unbearable. Startled by this Raeburn reacted with his documentary “Zimbabwe Countdown” in 2003 – and better left for a second time.


The helm was passed from William MacNeill to his nephew, William M. Fitch, after World War 2. Machines were updated to the latest automated ones and more capacity was added to the dyehouse. Caledonian could now dye more poundage than before. Caledonian Dye Works continued to offer quality dyeing and color matches at affordable prices.
In 1968, Richard D. Fitch, William’s son, joined the business. As the years passed, Richard became the President. Under his command, Caledonian added the ability to use computerized color matching software. The business changed as more customers wanted package dyed yarns. Some of the Hussong/Walker/Davis skein dye machines gave way to add more package dye machines in different sizes. A lab was added to the plant to aid in color matching and to provide customers with small sampling jobs.


CIBER Focus Interview
CIBER Focus Topic: Nationalism and Identity in Greater Kurdistan with Dr. Djene Bajalan
December 1, 2017
Dr. Bajalan is an Assistant Professor of History at Missouri State University and has studied and taught in Turkey, Great Britain, and Iraqi Kurdistan. He holds a Ph.D. in Oriental Studies from the University of Oxford and focuses his research on ethno-national activism of Kurds in the late Ottoman Empire. He is currently finalizing a monography on Kurdish participation in Ottoman affairs leading up to World War I.
In this video, Dr. Bajalan will draw on his extensive research into Kurdish history to discuss contemporary issues and identity in Kurdistan.