LONG-TIME FRIENDS: A HISTORY OF EARLY U.S.-MOROCCAN RELATIONS 1777-1787
BY SHERRILL B. WELLS
Office of the Historian -
United States Department of State
Morocco and the United States have a long history of friendly relations. This North African nation was one of the first states to seek diplomatic relations with America. In 1777, Sultan Sidi Muhammad Ben Abdullah, the most progressive of the Barbary leaders who ruled Morocco from 1757 to 1790, announced his desire for friendship with the United States. The Sultan's overture was part of a new policy he was implementing as a result of his recognition of the need to establish peaceful relations with the Christian powers and his desire to establish trade as a basic source of revenue. Faced with serious economic and political difficulties, he was searching for a new method of governing which required changes in his economy. Instead of relying on a standing professional army to collect taxes and enforce his authority, he wanted to establish state-controlled maritime trade as a new, more reliable, and regular source of income which would free him from dependency on the services of the standing army. The opening of his ports to America and other states was part of that new policy. The Sultan issued a declaration on December 20, 1777, announcing that all vessels sailing under the American flag could freely enter Moroccan ports. The Sultan stated that orders had been given to his corsairs to let the ship "des Americans" and those of other European states with which Morocco had no treaties-Russia Malta, Sardinia, Prussia, Naples, Hungary, Leghorn, Genoa, and Germany-pass freely into Moroccan ports. There they could "take refreshments" and provisions and enjoy the same privileges as other nations that had treaties with Morocco. This action, under the diplomatic practice of Morocco at the end of the 18th century, put the United States on an equal footing with all other nations with which the Sultan had treaties.
By issuing this declaration, Morocco became one of the first states to acknowledge publicly the independence of the American Republic.
On February 2O, l778, the sultan of Morocco reissued his December 20, 1777, declaration. American officials, however, only belatedly learned of the Sultan's full intentions. Nearly identical to the first, the February 20 declaration was again sent to all consuls and merchants in the ports of Tangier, Sale, and Mogador informing them the Sultan had opened his ports to Americans and nine other European States. Information about the Sultan's desire for friendly relations with the United States first reached Benjamin Franklin, one of the American commissioners in Paris, sometime in late April or early May 1778 from Etienne d'Audibert Caille, a French merchant of Sale. Appointed by the Sultan to serve as Consul for all the nations unrepresented in Morocco, Caille wrote on behalf of the Sultan to Franklin from Cadiz on April 14, 1778, offering to negotiate a treaty between Morocco and the United States on the same terms the Sultan had negotiated with other powers. When he did not receive a reply, Caille wrote Franklin a second letter sometime later that year or in early 1779. When Franklin wrote to the committee on Foreign Affairs in May 1779, he reported he had received two letters from a Frenchman who "offered to act as our Minister with the Emperor" and informed the American commissioner that "His Imperial Majesty wondered why we had never sent to thank him for being the first power on this side of the Atlantic that had acknowledged our independence and opened his ports to us." Franklin, who did not mention the dates of Caille's letters or when he had received them, added that he had ignored these letters because the French advised him that Caille was reputed to be untrustworthy. Franklin stated that the French King was willing to use his good offices with the Sultan whenever Congress desired a treaty and concluded, "whenever a treaty with the Emperor is intended, I suppose some of our naval stores will be an acceptable present and the expectation of continued supplies of such stores a powerful motive for entering into and continuing a friendship."
Why Morocco is a friend to USA
The Kingdom of Morocco is the oldest strategic ally of the United States, having recognized the nation shortly after it declared its independence from Great Britain in 1776. The treaty of friendship between the United States and the Kingdom of Morocco, which is still in force, was the first international treaty ratified by the American Congress, making Morocco America's oldest diplomatic partner.
Morocco places high value on its long-standing history of friendship and cooperation with the United States. It has been an invaluable partner in the wake of terrorist attacks on the United States. Its own commitment to progressive political and social development has also made the Kingdom an exemplary partner in the United States effort to promote and support political, economic and social reforms in the broader Middle East region. As it has in the past at critical moments, Morocco also continues to play a strategically important role in the effort to resolve the on-going conflict between Israel and Palestine.
Chief among the Center's objectives is to assist the Kingdom of Morocco to obtain American support for its efforts to construct a stable, progressive, democratic and economically dynamic region in North Africa. In pursuit of this broader strategic objective, the Center will focus a substantial amount of its resources and its activities on helping to facilitate a viable political solution to the longstanding issue of the Western Sahara.
Morocco - U.S. Relations
"We are delighted with our strategic partnership with the United States of America…and we are particularly keen to consolidate and diversify our partnership relations."
H.E. King Mohammed VI, "Throne Day" Speech, 30 July 2004
> 1750 - 1912
> World War I - World War II
> 1956 - Present
1750 - 1912
During the American Revolution, so many American ships called at the port of Tangiers that the Continental Congress sought recognition from the "Emperor" of Morocco. This was accorded, in effect, in 1777, making Morocco the first country to recognize the fledging American republic. Negotiation of a formal treaty began in 1783, and resulted in the signing in 1786 of the Moroccan-American Treaty of Friendship. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, both future U.S. Presidents, were the American signatories.
During the American Civil War, Morocco reaffirmed its diplomatic alliance with the United States by assuring Washington that the Kingdom, "being a sincere friend of the American nation, would never air or give countenance to the [Confederate] insurgents."
The first international convention ever signed by the United States, the 1865 Spartel Lighthouse Treaty, dealt with a navigational aid erected on the Moroccan side of the Strait of Gibraltar. The Treaty, ratified by Morocco, President Andrew Johnson and nine European heads of state, granted neutrality to the lighthouse with the condition that the ten naval powers signing the agreement assumed responsibility for its maintenance.
Around the turn of the 20th Century, as European colonizers gazed hungrily as Morocco's resources and strategically located harbors, the United States strongly defended the Kingdom's right to its continued sovereignty at the 1880 Madrid Conference and at the Algeciras Conference in 1906.
In 1912, after Morocco became a protectorate of Spain and France, American diplomats called upon the European powers to exercise colonial rule that guaranteed racial and religious tolerance: "In short," the U.S. Consul in Tanger declared," fair play is what the United States asks for Morocco and all interested parties."
World War I - World War II
During World War I, Morocco was aligned with the Allied forces. In 1917 and 1918, Moroccan soldiers fought victoriously alongside U.S. Marines at Chateau Thierry, Mont Blanc and Soissons.
With France occupied by the Nazis during World War II, colonial French Morocco sided with the Axis Powers. When the Allies invaded Morocco on November 8, 1942, Moroccan defenders quickly yielded to the American and British invaders. Shortly after Morocco surrendered, President Franklin Roosevelt sent a message to Morocco's King, H.E. Mohammed V, commending him on the "admirable spirit of cooperation that is animating you and your people in their relationships with the forces of my country. Our victory over the Germans will, I know, inaugurate a period of peace and prosperity, during which the Moroccan and French people of North Africa will flourish and thrive in a manner that befits its glorious past."
In what was to be the most pivotal meeting of Allied leaders during the World War II, President Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Free French commander General Charles De Gaulle, met for four days in the Casablanca suburb of Anfa in January 1943 to discuss the war. During the Anfa Conference, the Allies agreed that the only acceptable outcome of the conflict was the "unconditional surrender" of the Axis forces. Roosevelt also conferred privately with King Mohammed V to assure him that the United States would support Morocco's quest for independence.
1956 - Present
When Morocco finally gained independence on March 2, 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower sent a congratulatory message to King Mohammed V: "My government renews it wishes for the peace and prosperity of Morocco, and expresses its gratification that Morocco has freely chosen, as a sovereign nation, to continue in the path of its traditional friendships."
In November 1957, King Mohammed V traveled to Washington to pay an official call on President Eisenhower. Two years later, Eisenhower's vice president, Richard Nixon, traveled to Rabat to meet with the King.
In 1961, H.E. King Hassan II, Mohammed V's successor, made the first of several diplomatic visits to the United States to confer with President John F. Kennedy. King Hassan II would later journey to Washington to meet Presidents Lyndon Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton.
President Clinton personally flew to Rabat in July 1999 to attend King Hassan II's funeral, and to meet the son who succeeded him, H.E. King Mohammed VI. One year later, King Mohammed VI made his first official visit to Washington.
In the 21st century, both countries have become close allies in the global war on terror. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Morocco shared valuable information with the United States about al Qaeda. Conversely, when Casablanca was the victim of terrorist bombings on May 16, 2003, the U.S. government offered Morocco - one of it oldest allies -- the full resources of its military and intelligence community.
It is this extensive network of relations - political and diplomatic, commercial and economic
, military and security, and our common sense of purpose and commitment to economic reform and development that underscore the strength of the Moroccan-US relationship


|Our Namesake: Miguel Juarez|
Miguel Juarez was born July 25, 1952 in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. His family immigrated to El Paso, Texas, one year later. Miguel Juarez become a Waukegan police officer on November 14, 1979.
Miguel Juarez rose through the ranks of the Waukegan Police Department, beginning as a patrol officer and working in the SWAT team and detective bureau, and later as a supervisor and commander of the gang unit, major crimes scene unit and narcotics unit. He was appointed deputy police chief in 1993, and served as deputy chief of services and deputy chief of operations for eight years. Miguel Juarez was appointed chief of police in April 2001.
During his career in Waukegan, Miguel Juarez became the department's first Hispanic sergeant (1985), lieutenant (1990), deputy chief (1993) and police chief (2001). During Juarez's tenure as chief of police, crime rates in the city continued their decline, according to department statistics.
Miguel Juarez was a member of the Waukegan Unit School District Board of Education, Chief of Police in Waukegan, Illinois, and long time NLPOA Member.


Rikio Kozu joined the Nippon Steel Corporation in 1979 and began his trade union career in 1984, when he was elected executive committee member of the workers’ union at the Nippon Steel headquarters. In 1990, his trade union career was interrupted for three years while he served as first secretary to the Japanese embassy in Thailand. After his return to trade union work, he was elected general secretary of the Japan Federation of Basic Industry Workers’ Unions (Kikan Roren) in 2006 and president in 2010. He became general secretary of RENGO in 2013 and president in 2015. At the 15th biennial convention in 2017, he was re-elected for a second term as president.


Local artist Colin Bays has created a set of four cards featuring various architectural highlights of Acton. Two of them show gems of Churchfield Road: the Almshouses (as they were before redevelopment) and The Churchfield pub (now The Station House). The other two show the Old Action Fire Station (now the Oak Tree Anglican Fellowship) and Acton Library (now closed, awaiting redevelopment).
Notes about the building’s history are also included on each card. Further details: blank interior, A5 folded, envelopes included.
Each set costs £4.00, 40p of which will be donated to the Acton History Group.
If you would like to buy the cards, contact the artist’s brother David Bays, chair of the Acton History Group, on 020 8992 0287 or email@example.com


The minaret of one of Syria’s most famous mosques has been destroyed during clashes in the northern city of Aleppo. According to the BBC, images on the internet now show a pile of rubble in its place.
Syrian state news agency Sana has accused rebels of blowing up the 11th-Century minaret of the Umayyad Mosque, while activists say the minaret was hit by Syrian army tank fire.
The mosque is a Unesco world heritage site, described as “one of the most beautiful mosques in the Muslim world”. Last October, the heritage organization appealed for the protection of the site.
The structure in the old city of Aleppo dates was founded in the year 715 by the Umayyad dynasty on the site of a Byzantine church, and was later damaged by both fire in 1159 and the Mongol invasion in 1260.
However, the surviving part was the 45m-high minaret, which dated back to 1090 AD. A report by Sana blamed the al-Qaeda-linked Jabhat al-Nusra group. It quoted a government source saying that “terrorists… placed explosive materials in the minaret and the mosque’s southern door and set them off”.
However, Aleppo-based activist Mohammed al-Khatib, quoted by AP news agency, said a tank shell had “totally destroyed” the 45m (148ft) minaret.
The mosque has suffered extensive damage during months of fighting, both to its antique furnishings and its intricately sculpted colonnades.
Artefacts, including a box purported to contain a strand of the Prophet Muhammad’s hair, are also reported to have been looted. Rebels say they have salvaged ancient handwritten Koranic manuscripts and hidden them.


Posted by moviemart
A chronicle of Martin Luther King‘s campaign to secure equal voting rights via an epic march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama in 1965.
Posted on May 23, 2015, in Movies and tagged 1080p, 2014, biography, bluray, brrip, drama, history, movie, selma. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.
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Princeton Avenue History | Moorpark, CA
Thank you for your interest in the Princeton Avenue Improvement project. Although a top priority for the City throughout its history, the project is also among the most complex capital projects Moorpark will ever construct. At long last, the City put the project out for construction bids in December 2021, and awarded a construction contract in February 2022!
This page is dedicated to the long history of the project. For current project information, please visit www.moorparkca.gov/PrincetonAve.


2013 American Road Race of Champions
Nov 01 - Nov 03 at Braselton, GA
In 1994, after twenty-four years of outstanding success at Road Atlanta, the SCCA’s National Championship event (the Runoffs) was usurped by Yankee carpet-baggers and moved to Mid-Ohio. To fill the gap on the track’s calendar the Atlanta Region SCCA and Road Atlanta collaborated to resurrect an historic name, the American Road Race of Champions, and invited most of the regional-only classes to a single event to determine the champions in each of those classes. Grassroots Motorsports magazine was involved in those early versions of the event, and in 2007 they became the presenting sponsor of the ARRC by GRM.
Although the event primarily consisted of Improved Touring cars in the early years, we added other regional-only classes like ASR, SPO/U, CF, and CFC over the years. We were also among the first to recognize Spec Miata, so when that class became eligible for the Runoffs we modified our rules to include regional-only Spec Miatas as well. Over the years the event has added and subtracted classes in reaction to the whims of the National Directors, but through it all the event has featured outstanding racing from some of the best drivers in North America. In some circles an ARRC trophy is more coveted than a Runoffs medal, and the ARRC by GRM has truly become “the National Championship event for those drivers who choose not to attend the Runoffs.”
Start: Nov. 1, 2013, End: Nov. 3, 2013
SCCA - Atlanta Region


The historical fork in the road between this Earth and ours occurred in 1192 at the end of the siege of Acre. The English King Richard the Lion-Hearted had won one of the first major victories against Saladin’s Muslim empire during the Third Crusade. With Acre back in Christian hands, King Richard negotiated the release of 3000 Muslim prisoners in exchange for pilgrimage rights throughout the Holy Lands and forfeiture of Saladin’s claim to Acre.
King Richard accepted the offer of aid in the negotiations from a local Muslim Imam, Abdul Alhazred. When negotiations faltered, Alhazred advised the 3000 prisoners be put to death in a mass execution as a show of strength. As the last prisoner was executed, it became clear that something was wrong. Alhazred channeled the deaths to finalize a ritual to bring fourth a great evil he was secretly an agent of. Multiple shimmering rifts appeared in the air around the city; thousands of spirits flooded through each, many demonic, some divine, the majority foreign, beastial or elemental in nature. The city of Acre was engulfed in its second war in a week. Few humans survived. King Richard was one of them. A Divine spirit had merged with him, protecting him and gaining his strength.
Rifts had opened all over the known world. Most spirits found they had to bond with a living creature to stay for long. Bonding changed the hosts; A bull might become a minotaur, swine and boar to an orc. Divine spirits bonded with the men and bent them to the will of God, allowing them to work minor and great miracles. Demonic spirits bonded with men of all types, granting arcane powers.
Saladin, King Richard and the Christian world, formed the Acre Alliance to shut the rifts and fight back the spirits and the resulting monsters and horrors created. Spain instigated the inquisition to strip them of their demonic or elemental spirits. The Teutonic order strived to eliminate all who had bonded with any spirit. Lithuania, in direct conflict with the Teutonic Order welcomed all bonded humans.
The first century was a losing battle for mankind. The First Dragon War (1234-1242) ended with the death of King Richard. The Second Dragon War (1307-1356) saw the last of the known Great Dragons slain, though there are rare sightings to this day. The Great Wizards War (1392-1424) saw to it that what little Necromancers and war wizards were left had fled into hiding.
The year is now 1498. Europe is still recovering, many inner lands are still in the control of evil humanoids, and bonded humans are still common day. Much of the coast has been recovered, but not all. And you? You have just wandered into a small Barony in what may one day become Germany.
Note: This campaign is a modified story line to Bioware’s “Lionheart”.


It is at St George’s that Abraham Jordan’s connection with organ building is first made, indeed this may be his first organ. He was a parishioner and had premises immediately opposite the church and in nearby streets. His son, Abraham Junior, continued in his father’s footsteps and was also the parish organist. The article below has been reproduced by kind permission of Dominic Gwynn.
Abraham Jordan History
Jordan, Abraham (c.1666–1715/16). English organ builder. His family came from Ratbey in Leicestershire, though Abraham may have been born in London, where he was apprenticed as distiller in 1679, perhaps to his widowed mother. In 1686 he married Ann Greenhill, and in 1689 he married Elizabeth Butler who was the mother of his surviving children. By 1694 they had settled in St George’s, Southwark, leasing dwelling house and out-buildings from St Thomas’s Hospital.
Abraham seems to have been a successful businessman, both as distiller and investor in property, with an interest in organs which propelled him into organ building. Sir John Hawkins wrote that “Jordan, a distiller … betook himself to the making of organs, and succeeded beyond expectation”, although he “had never been instructed in the business, but had a mechanical turn”. His route into organ building may have started with organ playing, and continued with an interest in the organ at St George’s Southwark, his parish church, very close to his house. On 12 December 1702 ‘Abraham Jordan Distiller’, signed articles of agreement for a new organ there, already ‘erected and Sett up … being in full perfection and approved of by Dr. John Blow and Jeremiah Clerke’ and valued by them at £600. In fact he undertook to make the organ, provide an organist (his son Abraham junior) and keep the organ tuned and mended for £100 and the old organ, and £20 per annum. It was the first ‘annuity organ’, so far as we know.
Although supposed to be a new organ, what survives in the present organ is pipework from Bernard Smith’s workshop, and indeed Jordan took the old organ in part payment (“Mr. Smith” had worked on the organ in 1683 and 1690). It looks as if Jordan learnt his organ building at secondhand from Smith, an impression reinforced by the similarity between Jordan’s and Smith’s surviving work. It also looks as if Jordan may have used some of Smith’s former workmen after he died, such as William Stephens (Smith’s ‘man’ who became a tenant of Jordan’s), Thomas Knight and Thomas Friend. He may also have taken over some work from Smith’s workshop at Bath Abbey in 1708.
In 1705 Jordan made a new organ for St Saviour’s Southwark, subsequently Southwark Cathedral, at the other end of the Borough High Street from St George’s. This organ had three manuals and 26 stops, including a full set of mutations and most unusually a Double Diapason on the Great. In 1712 Jordan advertised in the Spectator his finest achievement, “a very large organ in S Magnus Church at the foot of London Bridge, consisting of four sets of keys, one of which is adapted to the art of emitting sounds by swelling the notes, which never was in any organ before”. A patent was applied for but never granted, which suggests that the authorship was not clear. It may have been a response to a proposal of Renatus Harris for a grand organ in St Paul’s Cathedral, advertised in the same year, but the ‘invention’ of the Swell organ is certainly Jordan’s claim to fame. In 1714 he made an organ for St Benet Fink in the City of London, an organ which was preferred in competition to an organ of Christopher Shrider’s, unfairly in the latter’s view.
Jordan died in 1716, leaving his business to his eldest son, also Abraham (1690–1755/6). Abraham was organist at St George’s, Southwark, and presumably trained in his father’s workshop and in his office. He was also inventive, in 1730 advertising in the London Journal “An organ made by Jordan, being the first of its kind, the contrivance of which is such that the master when he plays sits with his face to the audience, and … is so contrived that the trumpet base, and trumpet treble, the sesquialtera and cornet stops, are put off and on by the feet, singly or altogether, at the master’s discretion, and as quick as thought without taking the hands off the keys”. These claims were challenged by John Harris and John Byfield.
Like his father Jordan seems to have used the latest opportunities for publicity, advertising the latest projects in the newspapers, including organs made on spec, and sometimes opening concerts on organs destined for the provinces or overseas in his workshop in Southwark. When advertising the opening of the new organ at St George Botolph Lane in the City of London in 1723 he was not afraid to tell the world that “The Maker has acquir’d the Character of an ingenious Artist added to that of an honest Man”. In 1728 and 1729 Jordan joined with Christopher Shrider in making organs for Westminster Abbey and St Alban Wood Street in the City of London. In 1733 he was one of the signatories to the Quadripartite Indenture, an agreement for all to share the proceeds from contracts signed by any one of them, with certain specific exceptions. Previous spats with John Harris and John Byfield seem to have been forgotten. Jordan signed most of the contracts, even when Richard Bridge and John Byfield did the work or collected the money. That may be because his capital enabled him to finance projects. We know of a few organ contracts which specified a single payment after completion and assessment by experts. It tended to be the lesser known builders who asked for instalments.
The result is that Abraham Jordan junior seems to have been the most prolific builder in his day. He made four new organs for the City of London, and for the growing suburbs and the increasing number of proprietary chapels. He made organs for the increasingly prosperous regional centres, particularly sea and river ports like Yarmouth, Portsmouth, Southampton and Maidstone. And organs which went further afield, for Wales and Scotland, for the colonies such as Barbados (at least four) and Boston Massachusetts (for which the assembly instructions survive). Very little survives in a form which we can appreciate now. The closest to Jordan’s intentions would be the 1723 organ for St George Botolph Lane now immaculately restored at St George’s Southall Middlesex. The 1720 organ made for the Duke of Chandos at Cannons near Edgware Middlesex, was moved to Holy Trinity Gosport in 1747, where the case and much of the pipework survive relatively unaltered, though the overall effect is now Victorian.
In 1731, he married Lucy Goodyard, who brought a considerable dowry. He changed his business address to Budge Row, St John Baptist, City of London at the same time, though the Southwark workshop continued in use. It is surprising that he was one of the signatories to the 1733 Indenture since his business seems to have been the most active, and showed no sign of decline during the next 25 years, one wonders why he was willing to share his success. It may be that the newly married Jordan was aiming at a more genteel lifestyle, living off his property dealings and his inherited wealth, and the profits from his organ building business, though his direction was important enough for a “Paralytick Disorder” to hold up progress on the new organ for the Royal Naval Hospital Greenwich in 1754. By 1745 he resided in Camberwell ‘on the east side of the road a little south from the College at Dulwich’ in a house he had inherited. He died in 1756, his wife in 1764; both were buried at Dulwich.
J. Hawkins A general history of the science and practice of music vol4 pp356-7fn (1776)
Joan Jeffery ‘Abraham Jordan’ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn (Jan 2008)
Joan Jeffery ‘Organ builder history from fire insurance policies’ British Institute of Organ Studies Journal vol26 pp76-106 (2002)
Paul Tindall Research Notes BIOSReporter vol33/2 p23-30 (April 2009) newspaper adverts
Paul Tindall Research Notes BIOSReporter vol34/2 p23-4 (April 2010) St Benet Fink
David S. Knight ‘The Early History of the Swell’ The Organ Yearbook vol26 pp127-144 (1996)
Southwark Local Studies Library Surrey, deed 1232 (Abraham Jordan 1702 contract)
Barbara Owen, ‘Colonial organs’ British Institute of Organ Studies Journal vol3 pp92–107 (1979)
Nicholas Plumley ‘The Harris/Byfield connection’ British Institute of Organ Studies Journal vol3 pp108–34(1979)
Nicholas Plumley The Organs of the City of London p52 (Positif Press Oxford 1996)
National Archives PROB11/550 will Abraham Jordan, senior
National Archives PROB 11/820 will Abraham Jordan, junior


Historic Casa Marina is Key West’s most romantic wedding venue. Built in 1920, Henry Flagler’s vision of grandeur and elegance is evident in the dramatic architecture and sprawling grounds that lead to the largest private beach on the island.
Imagine your Key West wedding ceremony on a white sandy beach with the ever changing colors of the Atlantic Ocean as a backdrop. While you exchange your vows, family and friends share the moment with you creating truly special memories. Stroll the grounds and private dock for stunning pictures while your guests enjoy refreshing cocktails and scrumptious hors d’oeuvres on one of our intimate patios surrounded by tropical foliage.
Timeless with hardwood floors, 10’ arched windows and strikingly high ceilings, their ballrooms capture the essence and spirit of the illustrious past that is unique only to Casa Marina.


Shalash the Iraqi
Shalash the Iraqi
The second U.S. invasion of Iraq began in the spring of 2003. By the autumn of 2005, though the Saddam Hussein regime had reached its bloody end, ordinary Iraqis were seeing little improvement in their daily lives. Their country was ‘free’, but to many it seemed free mainly to become a mire of sectarian violence, corruption, confusion, and fear.
In the midst of this turmoil, a hero arose – or, rather, a jester, which in wartime might amount to the same thing. In a country where electricity was only intermittently available, a series of blog posts began to appear at a soon-to-be-defunct website and took Baghdad by storm. Individual entries were printed out and passed around for months, until the pages were nearly shredded. Where neither computers nor printers were available, the posts were retold aloud, then passed along at second- and third-hand.
What could inspire such devotion? Signed ‘Shalash the Iraqi’, the posts proved to be nothing less than portions of a madcap serial novel thumbing its nose at Iraq’s new normal. Employing a variety of genres and styles – from drunken monologues to prayers, from poetry to dirty jokes, from fairy tales and folk stories to brutal realism – the fictional Shalash sheds light on as well as mocks every possible aspect of Iraq’s political, religious, cultural, and social situation.
Populated by a cast of imagined con artists, holy fools, drag queens, and partisans – as well as some very factual politicians, priests, and generals – this is a novel whose only peers are Lazarillo de Tormes, Don Quixote, Tristram Shandy, and Catch-22. Never written to be published, all but lost save for those disintegrating printouts treasured by its devotees, Shalash the Iraqi is here presented in its first authorised translation, with the blessing and commentary of ‘Shalash’ himself.


Accuracy in carbon 14 dating gratis dating sider danmark Høje-Taastrup
The field of radiocarbon dating has become a technical one far removed from the naive simplicity which characterized its initial introduction by Libby in the late 1940's.It is, therefore, not surprising that many misconceptions about what radiocarbon can or cannot do and what it has or has not shown are prevalent among creationists and evolutionists - lay people as well as scientists not directly involved in this field. The Radiocarbon Revolution Since its development by Willard Libby in the 1940s, radiocarbon (14C) dating has become one of the most essential tools in archaeology.Radiocarbon dating was the first chronometric technique widely available to archaeologists and was especially useful because it allowed researchers to directly date the panoply of organic remains often found in archaeological sites including artifacts made from bone, shell, wood, and other carbon based materials.Alone, or in concert, these factors can lead to inaccuracies and misinterpretations by archaeologists without proper investigation of the potential problems associated with sampling and dating.
Comparison of ancient, historically dated artifacts (from Egypt, for example) with their radiocarbon dates has revealed that radiocarbon years and calendar years are not the same even for the last 5,000 calendar years.Shells of known age collected prior to nuclear testing have also been dated ( to ascertain the effects of old carbon (i.e., local marine reservoir effects). However, the most common materials dated by archaeologists are wood charcoal, shell, and bone. In brief, radiocarbon dating measures the amount of radioactive carbon 14 (14C) in a sample.Radiocarbon analyses are carried out at specialized laboratories around the world (see a list of labs at: When a biological organism dies, the radioactive carbon in its body begins to break down or decay.Compared to conventional radiocarbon techniques such as Libby's solid carbon counting, the gas counting method popular in the mid-1950s, or liquid scintillation (LS) counting, AMS permitted the dating of much smaller sized samples with even greater precision.Regardless of the particular 14C technique used, the value of this tool for archaeology has clearly been appreciated.
Radiocarbon dating is especially good for determining the age of sites occupied within the last 26,000 years or so (but has the potential for sites over 50,000), can be used on carbon-based materials (organic or inorganic), and can be accurate to within ±30-50 years.


Please join us in honoring the newest members of the
Edgewater High School Hall of Fame
Class of 2022
Saturday, April 30, 2022
5:30 pm – 9:30 pm
5:30-7:00 p.m. Hors d’oeuvres Reception
in the EHS Cafeteria/Atrium
7:00-9:30 p.m. Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony
in the O.R. Davis Auditorium
2022 Hall of Fame Inductees
Ralph “Tommy” Browning (Class 1960)
Howie Dorough (Class 1991)
Michael Gonzales (Class 2005)
Mykal Kilgore (Class 2001)
Elizbeth Allan Reid (Class 1969)
Alan MacAllster (Class 1960)
Nancy Robbinson (Class 1982)
Bill Robbinson (Class 1980)
Georgio Rodriquez (Class 2000)
Patti “Neal” Whitted (Class 1976)
Joseph “Vincent” Zappini (Class 1966)
Tickets prices are $75.00 per person or for table sponsorships (seating for 8) are $1,000.
Edgewater High School Hall of Fame, we are thankful for the opportunity to celebrate some of our school’s most outstanding staff and alumni. Teachers and staff have walked the halls of our school and we are honored to look back on a part of our school’s 60-year history and reconnect with those who have laid the foundation!
With the help of long-time EHS supporters and advocates, the EHS Foundation established The Edgewater High School Hall of Fame in 2011. The purpose of the Edgewater Hall of Fame is to honor distinguished Edgewater alumni and supporters who are acclaimed through their outstanding accomplishments in one of six categories: Arts, Academics, Athletics, Professional, Community and Eagle Spirit.
Edgewater has many outstanding alumni who have used their education and experience to become successful, positive contributors to society. We believe that positive role models are extremely important in today’s world and that these graduates of EHS should be held up as role models for today’s students.
Candidates are nominated annually and presented to the EHS Hall of Fame Board of Trustees. The trustees review and select the inductees. The EHS Foundation is proud to present and celebrate these distinguished inductees at the EHS Hall of Fame Induction. In addition, a permanent display honoring the inductees has been established in halls of the O. R. Davis Auditorium so that students, staff, parents and visitors will be able to commemorate the legacy of these inductees.


Publication Type:Journal Article
Source:Mov Disord, Volume 17, Issue 1, p.181-5 (2002)
Keywords:France, History, 19th Century, Humans, Neurology, Subthalamic Nucleus
Jules Bernard Luys, a highly energetic French investigator who made important contributions to anatomopathology, clinical neurology, and psychiatry, discovered the subthalamic nucleus in 1865. Unfortunately, Luys' description of the nucleus that still bears his name, as well as his highly original insights on the role of this important motor structure, are rarely taken into account in the current thinking about the basal ganglia organization. Thus, we thought it of interest to review Luys' contribution to our knowledge of the subthalamic nucleus and also briefly examine the other remarkable achievements of this singular figure of 19th century neurology.


- Car Rental
- Book Hotel
- International Tour Package
The three most visited tourist places in North India are Delhi, Agra and Jaipur, all of which are included in this tour package. You will see Qutub Minar, Jama Masjid and Red Fort in Delhi. One of the world’s most famous structures, the Taj Mahal, is located in Agra. You will see Jantar Mantar, City Palace and Amber Fort in Jaipur.
Families who want to see all the main attractions of Delhi in a fun and interesting way should definitely consider this tour package. You will see some of the most loved tourist attractions in Delhi, like Akshardham Temple, Red Fort, Jama Masjid and Qutub Minar. Apart from this, you will be able to visit Dilli Haat market, take a boat ride on the Yamuna river and take a rickshaw ride in the old city.
With our painstakingly designed tour packages, Seven Destination Tour & Travels cordially invites you to discover Delhi, the dynamic capital city of India. Whether you’re looking for a mix of modern and traditional flavours, historical monuments, or cultural experiences, we have the ideal package to make your trip to Delhi unforgettable.
Customized Delhi Tour Package
Customize your Delhi adventure with our flexible options. Personalize your itinerary by adding or removing destinations, activities and accommodations, ensuring that your tour reflects your unique preferences and interests.
Book your Delhi travel package now
Take a journey through time, exploring the rich history and dynamic culture of Delhi. Seven Destination Tour & Travels is your preferred choice for Delhi tour packages, offering a range of options to suit different tastes and budgets. Contact us today to explore the grandeur of Delhi’s landmarks and experience the captivating essence of this historic city.


Peggy Noonan is a widely admired columnist for The Wall Street Journal and the best-selling author of eight books on American politics, history, and culture, including What I Saw at the Revolution and When Character Was King. In 2010, she was given the Award for Media Excellence by the living recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor.
Noonan was a special assistant and speechwriter for President Ronald Reagan from 1984 to 1986. In 1988, she was chief speechwriter for Vice President George H. W. Bush when he ran for the presidency. Before entering the White House, Noonan was a producer at CBS News in New York. In 1978 and 1979, she was an adjunct professor of journalism at New York University.
Follow Peggy Noonan on Twitter @peggynoonannyc.


DRC troops jailed for war crimes
Thirteen soldiers have been jailed for life after the discovery of mass graves in the north-eastern Ituri region of the Democratic Republic of Congo.Note, the report also tells us, in a separate trial in Bunia, four members of the same unit were jailed for life for the murder of two UN military observers in 2003. Two others were given jail terms of 10 and 20 years.
A military court found them guilty of killing about 30 civilians found buried in the graves in November last year.
The soldiers who were tried came from the army's First Brigade - one of several made up of fighters from factions who fought in DR Congo's 1998-2003 war.


Palm Oil History
Palm oil in Malaysia
Oil palms are originally from West Africa, but were brought to South-East Asia at the beginning of the 20th century. The primary demand for the industry's expansion came from the British Industrial Revolution. At the time, 250,000 tons of palm oil was being exported annually from South-East Asia. This figure has risen to over 60,000,000 tons today.
Malaysia was the world's largest producer of palm oil by the mid 20th century and this stayed true until the Indonesian government began investing into this industry in 1970s. This expansion officially pushed the country into the leading spot for top producers in 2007 and the nation now supplies the majority of the world's growing demand for this cheap edible oil.


Modern inheritance tax dates back to 1894 when the government introduced estate duty, a tax on the capital value of land, in a bid to raise money to pay off a £4m government deficit.
It replaced several different inheritance taxes, including the 1796 tax on estates introduced to help fund the war against Napoleon. The earliest death duty can be traced back to 1694 when probate duty, a tax on personal property in wills proved in court, was brought in.
When the tax was first introduced it was intended to affect only the very wealthy, but the rise in the value of homes, particularly in the south-east of England, has brought more families into the net in recent decades.
From 1896, it was possible to avoid estate duty by handing on gifts during the life of the donor. To counter avoidance through last minute transfers, gifts handed over a limited time before death were still subject to the tax. Initially the period was one year but that rose to seven years over time.
And there you have it, a brief History of IHT - Britains most hated tax!


Unveiling History: Introducing the Armenian Genocide App by DopplerThepom.
Introducing the Armenian Genocide App
In today’s digital age, technology serves as a powerful tool for education and remembrance. One such remarkable endeavor is the Armenian Genocide App by DopplerThepom, an innovative platform designed to shed light on one of the darkest chapters in human history.
Overview of DopplerThepom’s Initiative
DopplerThepom’s commitment to preserving history and promoting awareness culminates in the creation of this groundbreaking app. With meticulous research, thoughtful design, and a dedication to truth, the app stands as a testament to the resilience of the Armenian people and the importance of commemorating their history.
Understanding the Armenian Genocide
Historical Context: Ottoman Empire and Armenian Population
The Armenian Genocide, perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire during World War I, remains a harrowing reminder of the atrocities humanity is capable of. The app provides a comprehensive overview of the historical context, exploring the vibrant Armenian culture and the events leading up to the genocide.
What Constituted the Armenian Genocide?
Through detailed documentation and historical accounts, users gain insight into the systematic extermination of Armenians, including mass deportations, forced marches, and massacres. By confronting the truth of the genocide, the app invites users to honor the memory of its victims and recognize the importance of justice and reconciliation.
Impacts and Legacy of the Genocide
The ramifications of the Armenian Genocide reverberate through generations, shaping the Armenian diaspora and influencing global efforts for recognition and prevention of genocide. By examining its lasting impacts, the app fosters a deeper understanding of the genocide’s significance in shaping contemporary discourse on human rights and justice.
The Journey of Creation
The inspiration behind the App Development
The inception of the Armenian Genocide App stemmed from a desire to amplify voices long silenced by history. DopplerThepom’s founders were moved by the stories of survivors and the urgent need to preserve their testimonies for future generations.
DopplerThepom’s Vision and Mission
Driven by a commitment to truth and historical accuracy, DopplerThepom embarked on a journey to create an accessible platform for learning and commemoration. The app serves as a digital memorial, ensuring that the stories of the Armenian Genocide endure in the collective memory.
Collaborative Efforts and Research
The development of the app involved collaboration with historians, scholars, and survivors’ descendants, ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of its content. Through extensive research and meticulous attention to detail, DopplerThepom crafted a comprehensive resource for understanding the Armenian Genocide.
Exploring the Features
User Interface and Navigation
The Armenian Genocide App boasts a user-friendly interface designed for seamless navigation. Intuitive features make it easy for users to explore the app’s wealth of content and engage with its interactive elements.
Comprehensive Documentation: Texts, Images, and Videos
From historical documents and photographs to immersive videos, the app offers a rich tapestry of resources for users to delve into. Each piece of content is carefully curated to provide a nuanced understanding of the Armenian Genocide.
Interactive Maps and Timelines
Interactive maps and timelines allow users to trace the events of the Armenian Genocide geographically and chronologically. By visualizing the scope and scale of the atrocities, these features bring history to life powerfully and engagingly.
Testimonials and Reviews
The app includes firsthand accounts from survivors and their descendants, offering a poignant glimpse into the human experience amid tragedy. User reviews further underscore the app’s impact in fostering empathy and understanding.
How to Utilize the App
Installation and Compatibility
The Armenian Genocide App is available for download on both the Google Play Store and the App Store for iOS, ensuring accessibility across various devices. Installation is simple, allowing users to begin their journey of discovery with ease.
Navigating Through the Content
Upon launching the app, users are greeted with a curated selection of featured content, providing a starting point for exploration. From there, intuitive navigation tools guide users through different sections, allowing for a personalized learning experience.
Making the Most of Interactive Features
Interactive features such as quizzes, virtual tours, and augmented reality experiences enhance users’ engagement with the app. By offering immersive learning opportunities, these features deepen users’ understanding of the Armenian Genocide and its impact.
Impact and Significance
Educating and Raising Awareness
The Armenian Genocide App serves as a powerful educational tool, reaching audiences around the world with its compelling narrative and immersive content. By raising awareness of the genocide, the app empowers users to become advocates for truth and justice.
Commemorating the Armenian Genocide
Through commemorative events, virtual memorials, and community outreach initiatives, DopplerThepom ensures that the victims of the Armenian Genocide are never forgotten. The app provides a space for reflection and remembrance, honoring the resilience of the Armenian people.
Contributions to Historical Preservation
By digitizing historical documents, photographs, and testimonies, the app contributes to the preservation of Armenian history for future generations. Its comprehensive archive ensures that the stories of the genocide’s victims and survivors endure as a testament to the human spirit.
Future Developments and Community Engagement
Updates and Enhancements
DopplerThepom remains committed to enhancing the Armenian Genocide App with regular updates and new features. User feedback drives the app’s development, ensuring that it continues to meet the needs of its diverse audience.
Outreach Programs and Partnerships
Through partnerships with educational institutions, museums, and advocacy organizations, DopplerThepom expands the reach of the Armenian Genocide App and fosters meaningful dialogue around genocide prevention and human rights.
Feedback and Suggestions
DopplerThepom welcomes feedback and suggestions from users, recognizing the importance of continuous improvement. By listening to the community, the app evolves as a dynamic platform for learning, commemoration, and activism.
The Armenian Genocide App by DopplerThepom stands as a testament to the power of technology in preserving history and promoting awareness. Through its comprehensive content, interactive features, and commitment to truth, the app invites users to engage with the legacy of the Armenian Genocide in a meaningful and impactful way.
Invitation to Download and Explore
Join DopplerThepom in commemorating the victims of the Armenian Genocide by downloading the app today. Together, we can ensure that their stories are remembered and their voices are heard.
DopplerThepom’s Commitment to Historical Education and Remembrance
As we look to the future, DopplerThepom remains steadfast in its mission to educate, inspire, and empower through technology. Join us in honoring the past, shaping the present, and building a brighter future for generations to come.


At Lora, you find yourself in a place of historic significance. In 1848, Stillwater housed the first territorial convention, beginning the establishment of Minnesota’s statehood. Located along the St. Croix river, Stillwater emerged as a prominent lumbering town, with the river granting passage to nearby pine lands. As railroads arrived in the early 1870s, Stillwater flourished.
Stillwater’s rich brewing tradition emerged amid this growth, to quench the thirst of hardworking fellers. In 1868, the Joseph Wolf Brewery was built into the bluffs where Lora now stands. It was connected to a series of caves used to store beer and source spring water, thus tapping into nature’s resources and harnessing natural refrigeration. The beer was advertised as a healing elixir: “an efficient antidote against fatigue from strenuous work, play or the weakening of old age.”
Following a fire, the brewery’s damaged building was rebuilt into a steam-powered brewery facility – the first of its kind in the state – along with a brewhouse and hotel. Under the name Empire Brewery, it became one of the largest breweries in the state. But the 1890’s ushered in a temperance movement. Liquor sales declined. The brewery kept its taps flowing by turning to one of America’s beloved pastimes – baseball. Forming one of the toughest teams in the state, the brewery’s baseball team garnered newspaper coverage whenever they stepped up to the plate.
In 1920, Prohibition went into effect, and the brewery closed. The company continued to produce bottled water, sodas and sparkling water until 1925.Over the years, lumber production slowed, Stillwater’s economy shifted to dairy farming and manufacturing, and the population declined. After World War II, the town’s population began to rise again and, by the 1970’s, Stillwater began to reinvent itself as a tourist destination.
In 2018, Lora emerged from the brewery’s original foundation. Here, one still feels the intrigue of Stillwater’s storied past. We’ve retained the original stone walls that were built into the cliff, as well as vaulted ceilings from ancient warehouses, and even cave entrances that lead to nowhere. A sense of adventure and lore remains, mysterious like the persistent call of a loon that stirs the night.


Enzo Ferrari is known as the founder of Ferrari, a luxury and sporty car manufacturing company from Italy. The history of Ferrari, which has the prancing horse logo, was founded in 1947. Ferrari is one of the most well-known luxury car brands in the world, apart from being a sporty model, it also has high speed. No wonder Ferrari is identified with luxury. What is the biography of Enzo Ferrari and the history of Ferrari itself?
Enzo Ferrari Biography
His full name is Enzo Ferrari, who was born on February 18 1898 in Modena, Italy. His father’s name is Alfredo Ferrari and his mother’s name is Adalgisa Ferrari.
Enzo grew up in Modena, but he grew up without receiving a formal education like other children. Young Enzo Ferrari had a passion for racing cars.
It is known that Enzo started driving racing cars from a very young age and decided to become a racer at the age of 10.
Enzo became interested in the automotive world when his father Alfredo Ferrari took him to watch the races at the Bologna Circuit in 1908.
Enzo Ferrari then started watching a lot of racing competitions in Italy after that, in his mind racing competitions were an interesting challenge for him.
In 1914, Enzo worked as a teacher at the Lathe Operator School in a firefighting workshop in Modena, Italy.
Bad luck befell Enzo when World War I raged. In 1916, he lost his father and brother who died due to a flu epidemic in Italy. Stay up-to-date with Deltsapure! Provide accurate and updated news for readers.
Joining the Military
In the same year, Enzo Ferrari joined the military during World War I and was assigned to the Third Alpine Regiment, Val Seriana. However, at that time he was hit by a flu epidemic in 1918, which caused Enzo to leave the military when World War I was almost over.
After leaving the military, Enzo Ferrari received a letter of recommendation from the Italian military authorities at that time. Enzo then applied for a job at the Fiat company in 1918. Unfortunately there were no vacancies there at that time.
But, he then got a job as a test driver in the city of Turin, Italy for a motorbike company. In 1919, Enzo started working for a company called Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali, in the city of Milan as a test driver.
Starting the First Race
His driving skills meant that Enzo was immediately promoted as a racer. In 1919, Enzo Ferrari made his first racing debut at the Parma-Poggio race in Berceto.
He finished in 4th place in the race. He also participated in the Targa Florio race in the same year but had less than satisfactory results due to problems with the fuel tank.
In 1920, Enzo Ferrari entered the Targa Florio car race once again. He drove an Alfa Romeo, and finished in second place. This victory was the beginning of his 20 years of experience with the Alfa Romeo team.
In 1921, Enzo took part in many races as a driver for the Alfa team. He had his first crash that same year at the Brescia Grand Prix.
Formed the Scuderia Ferrari Racing Team
Ferrari’s history began when in 1923, Enzo met Count Baracca, Francesco Baracca, and Countess Baracca. They gave their “Prancing Horse” logo as the mascot on Enzo Ferrari’s racing car.
In 1929, Enzo then formed the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix racing team which became part of the Alfa Romeo racing team.
1931 was Enzo’s last year as a racer. His last race was at the Three Provinces circuit where he finished second driving an Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 MM.
After that he left racing that year. In 1933, due to financial constraints, Alfa ended its relationship with the Scuderia Ferrari racing team formed by Enzo Ferrari.
Alfa then took over racing in 1937 and Enzo was placed as Sports Director. In 1939, he left the Alfa Romeo team with an agreement that he would not use the name ‘Ferrari’ in connection with racing cars for the next four years.
In the same year, he founded his own company called Auto Avio Costruzioni in Modena. He started his company in a garage on Viale Trento e Trieste.
Founded the Ferrari Company
In 1940, Enzo Ferrari then designed a racing car for the Mille Miglia. That same year Enzo’s company was forced to produce cars for Benito Mussolini’s Fascist Government as World War II raged.
In the history of Ferrari, it is known that he also designed the first Ferrari car in 1945. After World War II ended, Enzo Ferrari officially founded the Ferrari company in 1947.
Winning the Grand Prix First Time
Then in 1951, the Enzo company won its first Grand Prix with Jose Froilan Gonzalez at the Silverstone circuit. This championship was the Ferrari company’s first victory.
That year was also the time when the Ferrari company began selling sports cars of its design and the proceeds were used to finance its participation in racing tournaments.
In the biography of Enzo Ferrari, it is known that in 1957, Ferrari and Englebert, who were tire manufacturers, were accused of murder when Mille Miglia and Alfonso de Portago, driving a Ferrari, died along with his partner when one of his tires exploded. At that time nine people from the audience also died. However, the lawsuit was discontinued in 1961.
In 1969, Enzo sold about 50% of his shares to the Fiat company but Enzo had full control in organizing races for Ferrari. Even though at that time Ford was the first company to make an offer to Ferrari, he decided not to continue the offer.
In 1974, Enzo chose to retire from the position of managing director of Ferrari. He then promoted Luca Cordero di Montezemolo to Formula One team manager and asked him to represent him at all races.
Making Various World Class Cars
In 1982, Ferrari made a car that had a sturdy chassis and chose a world-class driver. Although Ferrari remained involved with the Scuderia until his death, there were no more championships for Enzo Ferrari.
Enzo Ferrari Dies
Enzo Ferrari died on August 14 1988 at the age of 90. His death was announced two days later. During his life, Enzo Ferrari was known as a private person, almost never appearing in public or giving interviews to journalists. Enzo is also known as a hard worker.
In his personal life, Enzo Ferrari is known to have married Laura Dominica Garello Ferrari in 1932. They had a son named Alfredo ‘Dino’ Ferrari. However, his son died of muscular dystrophy in 1956.
In the previous year, namely 1945, Enzo Ferrari had a second son named Piero from his girlfriend, Lina Lardi, but in 1975 he only recognized Piero as his legitimate son, after Lina Lardi’s death.
Ferrari Company After the Death of Enzo Ferrari
After the death of Enzo Ferrari, the Ferrari company became one of the world’s most famous racing and sporty car manufacturing companies. Ferrari production cars are known for their elegant and luxurious designs. Ferrari also still participates in Formula One racing tournaments around the world.


John Sellenger (variants: Salinger, Sallinger, Sallenger) arrived in Fremantle on 31st. August 1853 on the ship Phoebe Dunbar, which had sailed non-stop from Kingstown, Ireland, taking 89 days. He was fortunate not to have been one of the 16 convicts and passengers who died during the journey, supposedly of Typhus but more likely of advanced Scurvy. 3 others died a few days later once in Fremantle.1
The Phoebe Dunbar. Source: The Maritime Heritage Association
John had been convicted of robbery on 24th July 1850 and sentenced in Kilkenny, Ireland to 10 years for his crime. He was 18 years old and his occupation listed as a tailor, semi-literate and of Roman Catholic faith.2
His physical description was 5’5” tall, black hair, grey eyes, long face, pale complexion, much pock-pitted, middling stout, single and with no children.3
John spent three years incarcerated in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, prior to being transported to Fremantle.4 He would have been one of the first prisoners to be housed in this establishment of 500 single cells, built in 1850. The Phoebe Dunbar departed Kingstown on 2nd June 1853.
It was a year after he arrived in Western Australia that he gained his Ticket of Leave, which enabled him to seek employment outside the confines of prison. On 13th December 1858 he was granted a Conditional Pardon. He became a carter, who would employ 64 Ticket of Leave men on occasions from 1858-1874 including 15 brick makers, 9 woodcutters & 2 boatmen.5
John married Mary Cunningham in Perth on 19th September 1858.6 Mary and her sister Catherine had left Mount Bellew in Galway, Ireland on the ship Palestine in November 1852.7
John and Mary had seven children. Mary Louisa Salenger born Abt 1859; Catherine Sallinger born 1861; William Charles Sellenger born 14 Feb 1863 (adopted into the family); Ellen Sellenger born 30 Jun 1865; Margaret Mary Sellenger born 12 Jun 1867; Frances Sellenger born 1869; John Sellenger born 25 September 1871.
It is somewhat ironic that both of John’s sons became policemen and one of his daughters married a policeman. The eldest son, William Charles had risen to the ranks of Chief Inspector before retiring after 44 years of service.
Although John appeared before the courts on various occasions, they were for minor offences, except in 1871 when he was jailed for 1 month for assaulting his wife Mary.8 There is no record of him re-offending after that time. His business prospered.
On 7th December 1894, John’s wife Mary died of dysentery at their home in Howick Street, Perth, aged 65 years.9 She was buried in the Catholic section (plot 98) at East Perth Cemeteries.
By 1903, John had retired and he and his son John and daughter Ellen were living at 279 Hay St, Perth.
John died on 4th August 1906 of kidney inflammation, cystitis and exhaustion. He was 74 years old. 9 An article in the Western Mail newspaper stated “… his funeral was very largely attended.”10 He was buried in the Catholic section of East Perth cemeteries in the same plot as his wife. ©Maggie Speak 2019
I have volunteered to write this biography for East Perth Cemeteries https://www.eastperthcemeteries.com.au
1. The National Archives Surgeon’s journal https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11542199
2. State Records Office Western Australia (SROWA); Convict Department Registers; Character Book for Nos 2373 – 3639; ACC 1156/R18 https://ancestry.com.au
3. SROWA; Convict Department Registers, ACC 128/40-43, Reel No FCN42; https://ancestry.com.au
4. SROWA; Convict Department Registers; Character Book for Nos 2373 – 3639; ACC 1156/R18 https://ancestry.com.au
5. State Library of Western Australia (SLWA); Employers of ticket of leave men, 1850-1890 microfilm reels 3&4 (Private Archives – yellow labelled drawer in microfilm room, Battye Library)
6. SLWA; Battye Library; MN 812, Catholic Church records, ACC 4363A. http://slwa.wa.gov.au/pdf/mn/mn501_1000/mn812.pdf
7. SROWA; Albany Passenger list of Assisted Emigrants; Accession: 115; Roll: 214; https://ancestry.com.au
8. The Perth Gazette and West Australian Times (WA : 1864 – 1874) Friday 24 March 1871 page 3. http://trove.nla.gov.au
9. Australia Death Index; Western Australia; Dept. of Justice; Registration No. 531. https://bdm.justice.wa.gov.au
10. Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 – 1954); Sat 11 Aug 1906; Page 15; MR. JOHN SELLENGER, SEN. https://trove.nla.gov.au/


For historian Warren Sommer, Canucks in Kahki: Langley, the Lower Mainland, and the Great War of 1914 to 1918 is the culmination of over 20 years of careful, sometimes pain-staking research. It was published on the 100th Anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge and in conjunction with the opening at Langley Centennial Museum of Sacrifice and Sorrow, an exhibition in which Sommer also played vital roles as curator and organizer.
In her endorsement, printed on the book’s back cover, UBC professor emeritus Jean Barman says: “If you read just one book marking the centenary of the end of the First World War, Warren Sommer’s gracefully written and evocatively illustrated Canucks in Khaki is it. From the intimacy of the war’s impact on a slice of rural British Columbia to graphic first-hand accounts from the front and not-so-front lines, we relive five heart-wrenching unforgettable years in the history of Canada and British Columbia.”
The design brief for Canucks in Khaki: Langley, the Lower Mainland, and the Great War of 1914 to 1918 comprised of the printed hardcover, dust jacket, endpapers reproducing historic photos, and the interior page design to include 440 photos in black and white. This book also contains an appendix of Langley enlistments in the Great War, endnotes, bibliography, list of photo sources, and index.
To order your copy contact email@example.com


ABOUT THE BOARD
The Board of Directors at SHBR are voluntary positions. Equity members run and vote for three-year terms. The Board then elects an Executive Committee: President, Vice President, and Secretary. This is a working Board and requires some time and stamina from the members. Please contact us if you have interest in helping to run the club.
History of Sleepy Hollow Bath & Racquet
Fenbrook Bath and Racquet Club, named for the two men who designed, built, and owned it, opened on July 1, 1956. It was the brainchild of Dr. A. Budd Fenton and Mr. Douglas A. Brooks, friends who lived in the Malbrook neighborhood off Sleepy Hollow Road. After visiting a swim and tennis club in New Jersey where summer clubs were starting to spring up, the two men decided to use a piece of land owned by Doug Brooks to provide the Sleepy Hollow area with a summer club.
The land on which Fenbrook later stood was part of the Holmes Run Park development but could not be used for residences because it was located on a flood plain. After presenting their idea to the Holmes Run Park neighbors at an open meeting at Brooks’ home, Brooks and Fenton took their idea to the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors to request a zoning change.
Despite the concern of the neighbors that such a facility would be a noise problem and would lower home values, the necessary zoning change was granted. Local architect Victor Spencer was hired to design the swim and tennis club to Brooks’ and Fenton’s specifications. Fenbrook Bath and Racquet Club had an “Olympic” (remember this was 1956!) size swimming pool as well as a small wading pool for young children. Additionally, there were two tennis courts, two shuffleboard courts, a gazebo with picnic tables, and a nine-hole pitch and putt golf course.
Cabanas were available for rental by the members, and there was a snack bar that provided food and drink. The snack bar was operated by Robert V. Dobson, a friend of Fenton and Brooks who had experience in this area since he was then managing an Alexandria bowling alley with a food facility. His wife, Gwendolyn Dobson, provided the new club with some notoriety by writing an article about it for the Alexandria Gazette, for which she was a feature writer prior to becoming Women’s Editor of the Evening Star newspaper.
Fenbrook Bath and Racquet Club provided its members with many social activities including dinner dances with live bands for the adult members, as well as swim and dive meets for the children. The cabana decorating contest was a favorite with the members who went to great lengths to design clever and amusing spaces. One year Budd Fenton wrote a musical and directed the members-actors in the “The Fenbrook Follies”. Rehearsals and a single performance were held under the stars.
Fenbrook Bath and Racquet Club was privately owned for four years and then sold to the community. It was then renamed Sleepy Hollow Bath and Racquet Club. Over the years, the land the golf course occupied was utilized to expand and enhance the tennis and swim programs. During the 1960s the upper pool and four more tennis courts were added. In 1974, three more tennis courts were added bringing the total to nine. Somewhere along the line (does anyone know when?) the parking lot was paved and the present gazebo was built in the mid 1980s.
Since Sleepy Hollow Bath and Racquet has passed the 50-year mark, significant renovations to facilities have been taking place. The club survived the great flood of September 2008 and a second great flood of September 2011, both of which left the club under water and caused considerable damage. In addition to repairs from flood damage, renovations during the years 2008 through 2012 have included full renovations of the main entrance building, bathrooms, showers, and all sets of cabanas for the first time since they were initially constructed.
Editor’s note: Kip Carroll, Budd Fenton’s daughter, provided most of the above information. If anyone has additional knowledge of the Club’s history or old photos, please share with any board member.


The MOSCOT optical roots were first planted in America by great grandfather and family patriarch, Hyman Moscot, who arrived from Eastern Europe via Ellis Island in 1899. Hyman began selling ready-made eyeglasses from a pushcart on Orchard Street on Manhattan‚ famed Lower East Side, and the rest, as they say, is history!
In 1925, Hyman’s son, Sol, joined the family business and at the tender age of only 15, he opened the family‚ first retail shop, MOSCOT‚ at 94 Rivington Street. By 1950, MOSCOT was settled at 118 Orchard Street, on the corner of Delancey Street, where it remains to this day.
Today, the fourth generation Moscot siblings have reinvented what was once a neighbourhood optical shop into what is now a global lifestyle brand, beloved by fans worldwide.
MOSCOT is a New York City institution. The label infuses its unmistakably refined, downtown aesthetic with 100 years of eyewear expertise and unparalleled craftsmanship to create its timeless eyewear.


With our newest exhibition Game Changers, MoMu wanted to tell the story of how Balenciaga and the generations after have changed the feminine silhouette from waist-obsessed to free form. To portray this liberating story, MoMu acquired the most astonishing pieces from the Balenciaga archives. But not all of them were in the greatest conditions. Thankfully, our MoMu restaurator Kim, was able to save this dress from 1967!
One of the key features of the dress are the red flowers on top which was in bad condition. Not only were the flowers completely out of shape but also torn and wrinkled. Traces on the flowers showed that the dress was relocated several times over the years which caused the dress to look different than how it originally was. It was impossible to display the dress as it was so with the blessing of Balenciaga Archives in Paris, we decided to properly treat and conserve it.
Besides the flowers, the silk crêpeline underneath the flowers was also in poor condition. Kim decided to seperate the flowers and the crêpeline and support it with special material before putting it back together. The flowers were brought back into shape by using cold steam and pillows of fiberfill to support them. The torn leaves were supported by conservation tulle. After leaving the leaves in this position, the flowers were back in its original shape.The silk crêpeline and the flowers were then relocated to its original position which gave the dress once again it’s original appearance!
Game Changers. Reinventing the 20th Century Silhouette on display at MoMu Antwerp!
Words by Kim Verkens


Andreae Filters 60th Anniversary Celebration! 🌟
This year, we proudly mark a milestone that speaks of dedication, innovation, and unwavering commitment to our mission. Andreae Filters is celebrating 60 glorious years!
As we celebrate 60 years of excellence, we express our deepest gratitude to each and every one of you who has been a part of this remarkable journey. Thank you for being part of the Andreae Filters family. Together, we'll keep pushing boundaries and soaring to new horizons.


The Sutherland Pipes and Drums, formed in 1965, is the culmination of a group of like minded individuals that wanted to promote the sound of the highland pipes and drums in the south eastern counties of England. Based in Corringham Essex, the concept and its practice and principles were the brainchild of one man following a chance meeting with a former Queens Own Cameron Highlander, Pipe Major Dan Macrae.
Founder Member, former Pipe Major and now Honorary President of the Sutherland Pipes and Drums, Mr Eddie Duce met Pipe Major Dan MacRae in the early sixties whilst on holiday in Scotland and after a short conversation began a lifelong friendship that would involve Eddie travelling up to Scotland on a regular basis for chanter lessons with the Pipe Major.
Eddie, together with a few friends, formed the basis of the band you see today. Wives and partners became the hard working committee members, supporting those who played instruments in managing the engagements, uniform procurement, fundraising and publicity in much the same way the bands committee manage the bands administration today.
Right from the beginning, key decisions were made in order to make the Sutherland Pipes and Drums unique amongst other bands that exist in the south east of England... these decisions included;
•That we would not perform in competitions, but instead promote the sound of the pipes and drums to the public and to train our pipers and drummers with a view to strengthening this vision.
•That the band’s March Past (regimental band tune) would be ‘The Heights of Cassino’ written by Pipe Major Dan Macrae during his military career when he was the Pipe Major of the Queens Own Cameron Highlanders at the Battle of Monte Cassino during the Second World War.
•That we would base our principles on military bands, including the style of playing, drill and our uniform.
•And that we would wear the 42nd Argyll and Sutherland tartan (commonly known as the Black Watch) and the Sutherland Clan badge and in doing so, request permission from the countess of Sutherland and Lord Lyon of Arms (Scotland). Permission was sought and granted and formed the basis of our band name ‘The Sutherland Pipes and drums’.
These decisions and the permission gained from the Countess are the basis of the Sutherland Pipes and Drums style and deportment and the band continues to strengthen and evolve as time moves on. We now have a band with a diverse range of people from many different backgrounds, male and female, who are a credit to our sound and presentation.
Over the years, we have played in countries across Europe promoting the UK at trade fairs and ceremonial events. We have played
for members of our Royal family at celebrations such as the anniversary of the liberation of Brussels in 1994. As well as Armistice parades, fetes, carnivals, military tattoos the band also has the pleasure of playing at weddings , Burns nights and other formal and informal dinners and dances.
As well as our vision to continually improve our hard work to develop our repertoire of tunes and displays, the members of the band are a social network of like minded friends who enjoy each other’s company and regularly meet on a social as well as professional level.
The Sutherland Pipes and Drums continue to welcome new members into their ranks and are as proud today as they were in 1965
to wear the uniform and display the crest of the Sutherland Clan..Its motto ‘Sans Peur’ which translates to ‘Without Fear’ is known
and adopted by each band member. Although we do not go into battle, we strive to adopt the proud traditions of the Scots Guards by presenting ourselves with professionalism and excellence when we turn out to play in front of the Great British, and indeed the European public.
Copyright Sutherland Pipes and Drums 2014, Corringham, Essex


Declaration of Christmas peace
Midday – Declaration of Christmas peace
Declaring Christmas peace is one of the loveliest and oldest Scandinavian Christmas traditions.
It dates back to the 17th century, to the rule of Sweden’s Queen Christina, when a special peace was declared even during the saddest and darkest of situations. The peace was usually declared by the mayor or town secretary during the first few minutes before and after noon on Christmas Eve. In Estonia, the custom was reinstated upon regaining independence.
In Tartu, Christmas peace is declared at 12:00 on 24 December by Mayor Urmas Klaas and Joel Luhamets, the bishop of the southern region of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church on Town Hall Square.
Santa Jolle and his dear wife Asti will be assisting them on Town Hall Square during this busy day.
Spirits will be kept high by Wind Orchestra Tartu, led by conductor Margus Kasemaa.
Maitseelamuse Koda will be lighting their cooking fires and offering always delicious Christmas soup at 11:00 in the Village of Light.
We very much look forward to seeing you there! Happy holidays!


The Rehearsal Dinner will be held Friday night, December 9, 2005 at 7:30 PM. Dinner will be at the historic site of the old Central Firehouse in Bloomington, now known as Central Station Cafe.
Central Station Cafe
220 East Front Street
Bloomington, IL 61701
Two bridal showers have been thrown for Sammi during the month of November. On November 12th, Jen Dawson & Theresa Kotte hosted a party at the Kotte home in Hudson. On November 19th Amy Cottongim, Elise Dawson & Joy Dawson hosted a party at Maggiano's in Oak Brook. We would like to thank those that were able to attend the showers, and extend a special thank you to the hostesses for creating such a warm and fun atmosphere.


Alright y’all lovely witches, we’re taking it back a bit, back to my original column in the newsletter, back to the runes. Lately I’ve been busy being a working mother of two beautiful nearly ten month old baby girls and my practice has slipped through my fingers a bit. I know, you’re like Lily, get your shit together. I’m trying! So to begin this journey of getting my magical shit back together, I’m going back to the runes, back to where my spiritual journey didn’t begin, but where it began to solidify in my adulthood.
Fuck, wait. Adulthood? Damnit, y’all. As my mother pointed out the other day, I’m now a nearly 30 year old mother of two with a mortgage and multiple retirement funds. When the fuck did that happen?
As many do, on my runic journey so to speak, I started off reading Ralph Blum’s Book of Runes, a book I wouldn’t really recommend these days as the text left me unsatisfied. I wanted more. Where did the runes come from? Who used them? How do we know their meanings? In my research I was led then to the history of the European runes and to the rune poems.
If y’all have listened to me rant and rave before then you know that the Elder Futhark is the oldest of the rune alphabets and can be found on artifacts dating from the 2nd to the 8th century. The futhark consists of 24 letters often broken up into three sets of eight called Aetts- old Norse for Clan (Byock) and is thought to have originated from Old Italic scripts: maybe Etruscan or Latin. Some early estimates put the Futhark at 100 BCE while late estimates theorize that the Futhark was developed around 100 CE. Scholars believe the Elder Futhark was created by one person or a small group of people who came into contact with the Roman army. It is generally agreed that the Futhark was developed directly due to Roman influence. One theory suggests the alphabet was created by the Goths (“Britannica”).
A small note: The Viking age in Europe lasted from the late 8th century into the 11th century. The Elder Futhark pre-dates this era.
So if we aren’t 100% sure on the origins of the futhark, what do we know? Well, we think we know the order of the Elder Futhark thanks to the Kylver Stone, a flat limestone dating to the 5th century which was found in 1903 near a farm in Kylver, Gotland, Sweden during the excavation of a cemetery. The stone was originally found laying down, as it had been used to seal a grave, and when flipped was found to be inscribed with the (we think?) complete Elder Futhark (“Britannica”).
The runes are also discussed in the Poetic Eddas, specifically in the Hovamol, a gnomic collection of poems, where Odin explains how he gained knowledge of the runes. Stanzas 139-146 are the Runatal, Odin’s Rune Song. Henry Adam Bellows believed parts of this poem to be remnants of an ancient oral tradition, but the only surviving copy is in the 13th century Codex Regius.
Below is Odin’s description of his trial to gain knowledge of the runes.
“I ween I hung on the windy tree,
Hung there for nights full nine;
With the spear I was wounded, and offered I was
To Othin, mysef to myself,
On the tree that none may ever know
What root beneath it runs.
None made me happy with loaf or horn,
And there below I looked;
I took up the runes, shrieking I took them,
And forthwith back I fell.” (Bellows)
Now what really struck me during my research is that there is currently no evidence to conclusively suggest that the runes were ever used for divination. During the Sigrdrifumol in which Brynhild the Valkyrie is found by the hero Sigurth, she teaches Sigurth the magic runes (Bellows). So clearly the runes were thought to have magical uses, but are not attested as having divinatory uses.
Sigrdrifumol stanzas 6-12
“Winning-runes learn, if thou longest to win,
And the runes on thy sword-hilt write;
Some on the furrow, and some on the flat,
And twice shalt thou call on Tyr.
Ale-runes learn, that with lies the wife
Of another betray not thy trust;
On the horn thou shalt write, and the backs of thy hands,
And Need shalt mark on thy nails.
Thou shalt bless the draught, and danger escape,
And cast a leek in the cup;
(For so I know thou never shalt see Thy mead with evil mixed.)
Wave-runes learn, if well thou wouldst shelter
The sail-steeds out on the sea;
On the stem shalt thou write, and the steering blade,
And burn them into the oars;
Though high be the breakers, and black the waves,
Thou shalt safe the harbor seek.
Birth-runes learn, if help thou wilt lend,
The babe from the mother to bring;
On thy palms shalt write them, and round thy joints,
And ask the fates to aid.
Branch-runes learn, if a healer wouldst be,
And cure for wounds wouldst work;
On the bark shalt thou write, and on trees that be
With boughs to the eastward bent.
Speech-runes learn, that none may seek
To answer harm with hate;
Well he winds and weaves them all,
And sets them side by side,
At the judgment-place, when justice there
The folk shall fairly win.
Thought-runes learn, if all shall think
Thou art keenest minded of men.” (Bellows)
So the runes for divination seem, to me, to be a pretty modern concept. The Futhark originally was an esoteric alphabet.
Oh, did I mention we don’t know the names of the Elder Futhark? WELL WE DON’T. OR. WE KINDA DO? The rune names of the Elder Futhark have been lost, but scholars have reconstructed the names based on attestations in the three runic poems which contain the younger rune alphabets (Anglo-Saxon Futhorc 5th-12th Century CE and the Younger Futhark 9th-12th Century CE). Now, that doesn’t means researchers are pulling shit outta their asses (I think), they have meticulously reconstructed the names we know the runes by today from these younger futharks as well as the gothic alphabet.
The Anglo-Saxon Futhorc and Younger Futhark are preserved in three poems: the Norwegian Poem, the Icelandic Poem, and the Anglo-Saxon Poem and are theorized to have been mnemonic devices to remember not only the rune names, but culturally important information (Acker).
If you’re setting off on a runic journey, I strongly encourage you to read these poems yourself and meditate on the runes. By exploring these poems I crafted my own meaning for the runes of the Elder Futhark. Because I’m not a scholar and I’m allowed to make shit up (I’m not really making it up) as long as I don’t try to pass it off as fakelore.
Because fakelore is bullshit. Literally.
Acker, Paul. Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse. Routledge, 1998. Print.
Bellows, Henry Adams. The Poetic Edda: The Heroic Poems. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2007. Print.
Byock, Jesse L. Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas. San Bernardino, CA: Jules William, 2013. Print.
“Kylver Stone | Runic Stone, Sweden.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.
“Runic Alphabet | Writing System.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web.


WJL Companies is owned and operated by local St. Louis entrepreneur William J. Liebermann. Focusing primarily on the South City area, WJL Companies works to transform historical buildings that might otherwise be forgotten. Upon renovation, we work to maintain the unique character that Cherokee Street beholds by aiming toward people that reflect and enhance this great neighborhood.
Please fill out this form to contact us about any of our posted properties.
1105 Buck Avenue
Saint Louis, Missouri 63117


Arnold Daniel Palmer (born September 10, 1929) is an American golfer who is generally regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of men's professional golf. He has won numerous events on both the PGA Tour and Champions Tour, dating back to 1955. Nicknamed "The King," he is one of golf's most popular stars and its most important trailblazer because he was the first star of the sport's television age, which began in the 1950s. Palmer has had a diverse golf related business career including owning "Arnold Palmer's Bay Hill Club and Lodge", which is the venue for the PGA Tour's Arnold Palmer Invitational (renamed from the Bay Hill Invitational effective 2007), helping to found The Golf Channel, and negotiating the deal to build the first golf course in the People's Republic of China. This led to the formation of Palmer Course Design in 1972, which was renamed Arnold Palmer Design Company when the company moved to Orlando Florida in 2006. Since 1971 he has owned Latrobe Country Club, where his father used to be the club professional. Palmer's ability to win with boldness and charisma was the single biggest factor in the game's explosive growth after 1960.


The Territory offers a dynamic and progressive culture and contemporary tropical lifestyle in Northern Australia, the gateway to Asia.
Darwin is a modern city with amenities, activities and entertainment comparable to larger Australian cities.
To find out more about living and working in the Territory, including information on health and education facilities, housing, job opportunities and travelling to and from the Territory, go to The Territory website.
The Australian Defence Force has a long and respected history in the Northern Territory. Defence personnel and their families are welcomed in the Territory and have a supportive presence from Defence Families Australia. For more information go to the Defence Community Hub website.
Victory in the Pacific Day, also referred to as VJ (Victory over Japan) Day, commemorates Japan’s unconditional surrender to the allies on 15 August 1945. For Australians, it meant that the Second World War was finally over. While Victory in Europe was declared in May 1945, fighting in the Pacific region continued until August 1945. The Territory was a vital asset in the defence against the Japanese in World War II (WWII) and Darwin was the target of more than 64 air raids from 19 February 1942 to November 1943. More than 17,000 Australians lost their lives in the war against Japan.
As a result of the prolonged conflict, there are many incredible heritage sites in and around Darwin, and indeed through the Territory, including ammunition bunkers, gun emplacements, airfields, oil storage tunnels, explosives stores and watch towers.
Darwin and the northern half of the Northern Territory were at the front-line during WWII - particularly the bombing of Darwin during the Battle for Northern Australia. As a strategic allied military base, Darwin was the target of Japanese air raids in February 1942, with more bombs dropped on the city than on Pearl Harbor. Savage air raids continued to rain across the Top End during WWII, leading to a repositioning of armed forces in the Darwin region. This was the first attack by a foreign power on the mainland of Australia. Victory in the Pacific marked the end to the Territory’s involvement in WWII. This video provides an overview of the events that took place.
The Northern Territory played a significant role in the lead up to the Victory in the Pacific. An education package has been created to provide an understanding of the Territory’s involvement in WWII and the sacrifices residents of the Top End endured during these times. For information regarding the educational package please call Defence and Veterans Engagement on 08 8999 7520.
Veteran support organisations and services in the Northern Territory include:
3 Tybell Street
Winnellie NT 0820
Phone: 08 8935 7900
Unit 1 Winnellie Central
Corner Hickman Street and Winnellie Road
Winnellie NT 0820
Phone: 1800 011 046
135 Bees Creek Road
Bees Creek NT 0822


An administration tends to take on the coloration of the character of the leader.
Historian Jon Meacham has written extensively about the presidency, with acclaimed books on Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Franklin Roosevelt, and most recently, George H. W. Bush. What does his research into these presidents suggest about the nature of the office? What might we learn from the past about the current state of politics, the White House, and perhaps more broadly, democracy in America? He speaks with John Dickerson, co-host of "CBS This Morning."


On this day in 2001, the Patriot Act went into effect. 🇺🇸
The Patriot Act significantly increased the surveillance and search powers of federal intelligence agencies and law enforcement.
Many find the Patriot Act to be controversial. Some appreciate the added security that the Patriot Act is meant to establish following the events of September 11th. However, many feel that the Patriot Act infringes on the rights of American citizens.
What do you think of the Patriot Act? Talk with an elderly loved one today to learn what they think. Your grandparents and other elderly loved ones have seen many changes in this country. What do they think of this one?


Incorporated March 10, 1993, the Lake Dillon Theatre Company (LDTC) was founded to raise funds for a capital expansion project for the Lake Dillon Amphitheater and subsequently produce a free summer concert series now known as the Sunset at the Summit Concert Series. After a successful capital campaign, the organization expanded to include a chamber concert series, a youth educational series now called the Youth Theatre Workshop, and an amateur theater company now operating as a professional, regional theatre.
In 1995, the LDTC moved into an historic building built in 1899 that once served as Dillon Town Hall. The LDTC added a lobby, a workshop, and lighting booth. In 2002, the LDTC hired its first full-time employee, an Artistic/Executive Director. Fundraising efforts in 2003 enabled the company to expand its lobby and lighting booth, upgrade audience bathroom facilities, and add office space, a dressing room and a green room.
In the last decade, the LDTC has grown from a seasonal community theatre to a financially and artistically successful year-round professional theatre company. The LDTC season pass holder and donor bases increased almost 500% from 2006 to 2014. Through ongoing partnerships with The Summit Foundation, the LDTC is the most visible and patronized year round arts organization in Summit County.


Movie Name: Pavankhind
Directed By: Digpal Lanjekar
Release Date: 18 February 2022
Size: 400 Mb
Pawankhind is a 2022 Indian Marathi-language historical drama film directed by Digpal Lanjekar and produced under the banner of Almonds Creations in association with A A Films. The film based on the life of Maratha warrior, Baji Prabhu Deshpande, stars Chinmay Mandlekar, Mrinal Kulkarni, Ajay Purkar, Sameer Dharmadhikari, along with Ankit Mohan, Prajakta Mali and Kshitee Jog in supporting roles. Pawankhind – Wikipedia
The film, which was delayed due to the pandemic, is based on one of the most famous incidents from Maratha history – the Battle of Pavan Khind.
At the outset, the makers make it clear that this is not a complete documentation of the battle, its prelude or aftermath, but a cinematic recreation meant to showcase the bravery of the Marathas involved in this battle. So, there are cinematic liberties taken in this retelling, but the crux of the story is maintained.
The story about the Battle of Pavan Khind (earlier known as Ghod Khind) and the bravery displayed by Bajiprabhu Deshpande and the Bandal army of 600 against the Siddhi Masud and the soldiers of the Adilshahi Sultanate is well known across Maharashtra.


Kids wear Marvel clothes. Adults wear football shirts.
Arsenal and Liverpool are the most popular teams here in Thailand; their shirts are everywhere. The presence of Marvel is also seen here; kids tend to love Spider-Man and Captain America. Being here reinforced to me how big and popular these brands are. They’re seen on billboards and in advertisements, and their products are sold at markets. As a huge fan of both, I’ve been lucky enough to pick up some football jerseys at the local markets. But I’m still on the lookout for a Spider-Man tracksuit…… hahaha ?
The love for the Premier League is enforced by the TV in the corner of our workplace. Our friend Tee is a Chelsea fan; his favourite player is Drogba, so he’s had Drogba highlights running for the last three weeks
Ayutthaya and Wat Muang
Last weekend, I had the opportunity to visit Ayutthaya, a city in Thailand with a rich cultural heritage. I was particularly excited to visit Wat Muang, one of the largest temples in the country and home to the world’s tallest statue of a sitting Buddha.
As I arrived in Ayutthaya, I was struck by the city’s ancient architecture and beautiful temples. The city was the former capital of the Kingdom of Siam and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site. I quickly made my way to Wat Muang, which is located about 30 kilometers from the city center.
As I approached the temple, I was in awe of the enormous statue of the sitting Buddha, which stands over 92 meters tall. It was truly a sight to behold, and I was grateful for the opportunity to see such a magnificent work of art. I spent some time exploring the temple grounds, admiring the intricate carvings and beautiful gardens.
After my visit to Wat Muang, I returned to the city center to explore some of Ayutthaya’s other temples and historical sites. I visited Wat Phra Si Sanphet, which was the holiest temple in the city during the reign of the Ayutthaya Kingdom. I also saw the iconic Buddha head entwined in tree roots at Wat Mahathat, which is one of the most photographed sites in Ayutthaya.
Overall, my trip to Ayutthaya and Wat Muang was a wonderful experience. I was able to learn more about the history and culture of Thailand, and I was amazed by the beautiful temples and statues that I saw. I would highly recommend this trip to anyone who is interested in exploring the country’s rich cultural heritage.


The Lake Erie Islands Nature & Wildlife Center was started by Stan and Joanna Wulkowicz who were school teachers in Anchorage, Alaska for many years. Stan taught biology and was an avid hunter who took up taxidermy as a hobby. He used his stuffed animals in his classroom to teach the students about Alaskan wildlife. Over time his collection of Alaskan birds and other wildlife grew. In retirement, Stan and Joanna decided to return to Put-in-Bay, where Stan had grown up, to build a wildlife museum. The Alaskan Birdhouse Museum opened in 1993 and was a favorite destination for both the local community and school groups. The museum closed in 2003 and the Wulkowicz’s generously offered to donate the museum and its contents if the LEIC-BSC would be willing to purchase and preserve the wooded portion of the property. The Lake Erie Islands chapter of the Black Swamp Conservancy and the Lake Erie Islands Historical Society joined forces to purchase the property, building, and woods in 2008. In 2012 we became an independent non-profit organization giving interpretative guided tours and doing a variety of outdoor education and outreach programs on the islands.


Tentative Schedule*09:00 Depart from Koreana Hotel
09:30-12:30 Visit Gyeongbokgung Palace
12:30-13:30 Lunch at Lotte World
14:00-16:30 Explore Namsan Mountain
16:30-17:00 Back to Koreana Hotel
*Note: the field visit will be arranged according to the prevention and control requirements for global pandemic of COVID-19 by the local government at that time.
Final confirmed schedule would be updated one month ahead of the conference dates.
Gyeongbokgung Palace- The first royal palace built during the Joseon dynasty
The Palace was named Gyeongbokgung Palace, the "Palace Greatly Blessed by Heaven" in 1395, three years after the Joseon Dynasty was founded by King Taejo (Yi Seong-gye), when the construction of the main royal Palace was completed after the capital of the newly founded dynasty moved from Gaeseong to Seoul (then known as Hanyang). With Mount Bugaksan to its rear and Mount Namsan in the foreground, the site of Gyeongbokgung Palace was at the heart of Seoul and, indeed, deemed auspicious according to the traditional practice of geomancy. In front of Gwanghwamun Gate, the main entrance to the Palace, ran Yukjo-geori (Street of Six Ministries, today's Sejongno), home to major government offices. Along the central axis upon which Gwanghwamun Gate stood was the nucleus of the Palace, including the throne hall, council hall and king's residence. The government ministry district and main buildings of Gyeongbokgung Palace formed the heart of the capital city of Seoul and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty.
Namsan Mountain- One of the most popular ways to see Seoul's skyline