Indian Island was home to two ancient villages; Tuluwat (" Toulouwat ") and Etpidolh ("Etpidalh Watpuroulh "). At Tuluwat, Wiyot held the annual "world renewal ceremony", a dance lasting seven to ten days.
The ground beneath Tuluwat, the Wiyot village, is an enormous clamshell mound (or midden). This mound, measuring over six acres in size and estimated to be over 1,000 years old, is an irreplaceable physical history of the Wiyot way of life. Contained within it are remnants of meals, tools, and ceremonies, as well as many burial sites.
At the end of the 19th century, settlers built dikes and channels on the island. These modifications changed tidal action along the shore, resulting in erosion of the edge of the mound. Between 1913 and 1985, an estimated 2000 cubic yards of the shell mound were lost to erosion, which continues and seems to even be accelerating. In addition, the shell mound was the site of uncontrolled digging in the early part of the 20th century. One amateur archeologist was said to have looted as many as 500 of our gravesites. In addition, structures of the Tuluwat village that were still visible in 1913 are now gone, having been destroyed or carried away by wind and waves.
It is imperative to prevent further destruction of the mound. The planned restoration will eliminate continued erosion and looting while creating and enhancing wildlife habitat.
Wiyot Sacred Site Fund
As part of the survival of the Wiyot culture, the Wiyot Tribe established the Wiyot Sacred Site Fund to purchase back portions of Indian Island as they became available and other sites of religious and/or cultural significance for future generations and for those of today. The Wiyot people who have gone before us and those who are to come would like to invite you to contribute generously to the Wiyot Sacred Site Fund and help heal the past to make a dance for future generations to come.
Purchase of Historic Village Site
Through grassroots fundraising, and with the help of the community and individual donors, the Wiyot Tribe was able to purchase back 1.5 acres of the historic village site of Tuluwat on Indian Island in 2000.
Eureka City Council
The Eureka City Council made history May 18, 2004 as they unanimously approved a resolution to return approximately 45 acres, comprising the northeastern tip, of Indian Island to the Wiyot Tribe. Indian Island will be protected from inappropriate development because all zoning and land use restrictions will be in place. In the return of the 60 acres that the City Council passed, there are measures that assure that this will remain the case by prohibiting a change in status or transfer to anyone else, except back to the City of Eureka.
We know of no other city in California that has taken an action as bold as this, and that has a tribute to its indigenous people so prominently in its midst. We wish to express our profound gratitude to the Eureka City Council, and staff, for their visionary and courageous action, and commitment to an enriched inclusive community.
Goal of the Tuluwat Project
The goal of the Tuluwat project is to restore the cultural heritage and ecological resources of the site and surrounding salt marsh, to construct a cultural center open to the public, and to restore the site to once again perform Tribal ceremonies there. But in order to realize these goals, the Tribe first had to clean up the site, which was the site of a ship repair facility from approximately 1870 to 1990. Tons of scattered metal, wood debris, and hazardous materials littered the area, along with several dilapidated structures and contaminated soil.
The Tribe has been in the process of cleaning up the debris and pollutants left on the village site since its purchase. A vast majority of the metal and wood debris has been removed, all but three of the structures were demolished, and the most contaminated soil was excavated. The next steps are to finish the sheet piling for erosion control, rebuild the dock and bulkhead, and install a geotextile and soil cap over the site.
Indian Island Cultural & Environmental Restoration Project
The Natural Resources Department has spearheaded several ongoing restoration activities at the Wiyot village site of Tuluwat on Indian Island in Humboldt Bay. The overarching project, the Indian Island Cultural and Environmental Restoration Project (IICERP), is very complex because of the multiple cultural and environmental conditions that exist at the site: historic injustice, insensitive ecosystem and manipulation, archeological & cultural significance, environmental contamination, and physical isolation all play a part in the project execution.
The Natural Resources Department collaborates with the Wiyot Cultural Department and tribal community, along with a large number of state, federal, and local community agencies and consultants in the ongoing program of improving the environmental and cultural quality of the Tuluwat site. Specifically, the environmental department has acquired funding from the National Park Service Historic Preservation Fund, US EPA Brownfields Program, California Integrated Waste Management Board, the Center for Creative Land Recycling, the Lannan Foundation, California Cultural and Historical Endowmentand others to move the project forward.
These funds, as well as the Tribe's Sacred Sites fund, have allowed the Natural Resources Department to realize the removal of contaminated material, over 60 tons of scrap metal, and many tons of garbage; completion of a brownfields assessment and remediation plan; erosion control achieved through installation of 450 feet of composite sheetpiling backfilled with 300 cubic yards of imported fill; and native plant landscaping over portions of the site. Still ahead, of course, are brownfields project completion (including in-site contaminant remediation) and site re-development, as well as restoration of the salt marsh surrounding the Tuluwat site.


Muhammad Gul Khan Momand
(M. Ibrahim Nasar, University of Wollongong Australia)
man of letters and the sword, a literary figure and a true symbol of the
Afghan code of life, Pashtoonwali, Muhammad Gul Khan Momand was born in
1885, in Kabul. Like his father Khursheed Khan, grandfather Momen Khan
and greatgrand father Abdul Kareem, who played key roles in politics,
the administration and the army of Afghanistan under the then rulers,
Amir Dost Mohammad Khan and Abdul Rahman Khan, Muhammad Gul Momand is
well known for his services in all three areas and for his great contribution
to Pashto language and literature.
After a basic education, Muhammad Gul Khan Momand entered
the military school in 1909. He joined the Royal Guards and became a Unit
Commander and an instructor for some units. After serving as the principal
of the Military School, he later became deputy commander-in-chief and
then commander of the Royal Guards.
In 1919, he was a member of the delegation, headed by Mohammad
Wali Badakhshani, which visited Europe to announce the sovereignty of
Afghanistan under Amanullah Khan.
In 1924 he served as civil and military governor of Pakthia
and, in 1927, as Chairman of the inspection team of Mazar-e-Sharif and
then civil and military governor of Ningarhar.
Soldier and Administrator:
Muhammad Gul Momand had been endowed by God with great qualities
as an administrator and a soldier. During King Amanullah Khan's time when,
different tribes in the Khost and Ningarhar areas revolted against his
policies of modernization, Amanullah Khan asked Muhammad Gul Momand to
visit the areas. It was through his popularity as a great leader and a
true and honest man among the people that within a short time an atmosphere
of peace prevailed in the area. And later he took the responsibility of
the governorship of Ningarhar and subsequently of other adjoining provinces.
Besides being a good administrator, he was also a great
soldier and he played an important role in the uprising, which brought
Nadir Shah to power. When a small group of people took over Kabul and
terrorized the city, he left the city and went to Ningarhar. He later
joined army of resistance, taking command of several units from the south
in Ningarhar and within a couple of weeks his lashkar had reached outskirts
of Kabul. When Kabul was attacked by the army from three sides, under
the command of Sardar Shah Wali Khan, Sadar Shah Mahmood Khan and by a
third Lashkar under the command of Muhammad Gul Momand, the bandits were
defeated at Logar, Siahsang and Bagrami, and the resistance army soon
managed to get control of the city center. This paved the way for the
success of the rebellion and, as a result, Nadir shah became King of Afghanistan.
It was because of the important role that Muhammad Gul Momand played in
the revolt that Nadir Shah assigned him the responsibility of Interior
Minister in his cabinet.
In 1930 he became the governor of the Capisa, Parwan, Kandahar
and Farah provinces, and after 1933, he served as the governor of Badakhshan,
Mazar-e-Sharif and Maimana.
He also performed the duty of deputy chairman of Loya Jirga
(Grand Assembly), convened in 1955.
to Pashto Language and Literature
Muhammad Gul Momand can best be compared to Khoshal Khan
and Rahman Baba as a poet, a good writer and an orator. Apart from Pashto
and Dari, he had command of the Turkish and Russian languages as well.
But he was a strong advocate of the purification of the Pashto language.
His literary work mainly deals with Pashto language. He wrote several
books and compiled a Pashto dictionary, De Pakhtu Sind. De Pukhtu De Zabe
Lyara (on Pashto grammar) and another book entitled De Pashto Landaki,
are other great contributions to the Pashto language. His letter to Abdul
Rauf Benawa regarding the importance of language for the nation and the
responsibilities of writers and leaders towards their language was published
tract form in fifty three pages by Pukhto Adabi Tolana, Kabul. "This
essay counts all the virtues of human life in relation to Pashto and Pashtunwala."
(Hamish Khalil, 1995)
He always urged the importance and advancement of Pashto language according
to the needs of the time. It was this search, which inspired him to gather
and consult Pashtoon writers and tribal leaders, when he was governor
of Kandahar, to seek ways of working for the advancement of the language.
At the end of this gathering, a historic step was taken and the first
ever association for the advancement of the Pashto language came into
being under the name De Pashto Adbi Anjuman, in 1932 in Kandahar. Later,
branches of the Anjuman were also established in other parts of the country.
Muhammad Usman Khan Barakzai was selected as its first head and a committee
under Muhammad Gul Momand (known to his countrymen, Pashtoon Baba) worked
out the guidelines and objectives of the organisation. The Anjuman served
the language by publishing historic books about the language and its grammar;
searched for lost words by visiting villages and kochies (nomads) where
such words were still alive; translated into Pashto from Farsi and from
some international languages books which were of scientific, historical,
political or economic importance for Afghanistan. It also started publishing
the first Pashto magazine Pashto and a second one under the name Da Mualim
Pashto as well as publishing many other books for the teaching and learning
of Pashto language. It was with the help of Pashtoon Baba that the Farsi
language Thalo e Afghan magazine, was, from 1935 published in Pashto.
The Anjuman fulfilled its activities in Kandahar till 1935
and later worked in Kabul for two years, until it was replaced in April
1937 by the Pashto Academy. The Pashto Academy was also the brainchild
of Muhammad Gul Momand. According to Pohand Rishteen, Abdul Hai Habibi
was in Kandahar when he was called to Kabul and invited by Muhammad Gul
Momand to become the first head of the Academy.
Muhammad Gul Momand was universally known and loved. He
was awarded the medal of Lmar A'lee (Sun-1) He was known by many names,
such as Wazir Sahib, Pashtoon Baba and Loe Afghan.
Muhammad Gul Momand died in Kabul on 18th of August 1964,
at the age of 80. His funeral was attended by high-ranking officials and
tribal chiefs from all around the country, including the then prime minister
Sardar Dawoud Khan. Zahir Shah, in the midst of his busy schedule, spent
the whole day at the fatheha and delivered a speech and paid homage to
the great man, calling him his guide and savior of the Afghan nation and
Note: Most of the information of this article is
taken from the works of Syed Sabir Shah (Loe Afghan, 1998), Ismail Yoon
(Da Mummad Gul Khan Momand Annd ao Zwand ta yawa Kathana, 1994), and Hamish
Khalil (Muhammad Gul Khan Momand, 1995)
Thanks to Dr. Asad. Z, Noorullah Khan Attal, Nancy Syed and Breshna for
their contribution and help in this article.
© Copyright 2000. All rights reserved.
Interested in any special article?
Please contact wembaster for permission!


Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season.
It is today that our best work can be done and not some future day or future year.
It is today that we fit ourselves for the greater usefulness of tomorrow.
Today is the seed time, now are the hours of work, and tomorrow comes the harvest and the playtime.
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor.
The first African-American graduate of Harvard University, where he earned his Ph.D in History, Du Bois later became a professor of history and economics at Atlanta University. He became the head of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910, becoming founder and editor of the NAACP's journal The Crisis. Du Bois rose to national attention in his opposition of Booker T. Washington's ideas of social integration between whites and blacks, campaigning instead for increased political representation for blacks in order to guarantee civil rights, and the formation of a Black elite that would work for the progress of the African American race.


Variously known as the Fourth of July and Independence Day, July 4th has been a federal holiday in the United States since 1941, but the tradition of Independence Day celebrations goes back to the 18th century and the American Revolution (1775-83). In June 1776, representatives of the 13 colonies then fighting in the revolutionary struggle weighed a resolution that would declare their independence from Great Britain. On July 2nd, the Continental Congress voted in favor of independence, and two days later its delegates adopted the Declaration of Independence, a historic document drafted by Thomas Jefferson. From 1776 until the present day, July 4th has been celebrated as the birth of American independence, with typical festivities ranging from fireworks, parades and concerts to more casual family gatherings and barbecues.
With that being said, do you know what you're serving for your Independence Day celebration? Stay tuned for daily All-American recipes up until July 4th here at Yum In My Tum. Up first, strawberries dipped in white chocolate and drizzled with blue syrup courtesy of Life Tastes Like Food.
1 pound of ripe strawberries
1 bag of white chocolate candy melts (or a bag of white chocolate chips)
1 cup of confectioner’s sugar
1 tablespoon of milk
1 tablespoon of light corn syrup
Blue food coloring
Wash and completely dry the strawberries. In a pot, simmer 1-2 inches of water and place a glass or metal bowl on top of the pot to create a double boiler. Slowly melt half a bag of the candy melts. When the melts are completely melted, remove from heat, add the second half of the candy melts, and incorporate until smooth. If the mixture has cooled down too much to melt everything nicely, simmer the pot of water again and let everything warm up a little bit.


A talk and film screening to mark the 25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall will be held at Leeds Beckett University on Friday 7 November.
The event, ‘The Iron Curtain Kid – Growing up on the Wrong Side of the Berlin Wall’, is being led by Oliver Fritz, author of the 2012 book ‘The Iron Curtain Kid’ and expert on the former East Germany. It will take place at the University’s Rose Bowl building in Lecture Theatre F.
Oliver will be talking from 3pm to 4.30pm about his experiences of growing up in East Berlin and witnessing the fall of the wall in 1989. From 4.30pm to 5pm there will be refreshments and an exhibition to view, created by Visual Arts and History students, followed by the screening of the Oscar-winning 2007 film, ‘The Lives of Others’.
‘The Lives of Others’ tells the story of Stasi, an agent in East Berlin in 1984 who is assigned to conduct surveillance on a writer and his lover and who finds himself becoming increasingly involved in their lives.
Event organiser and Senior Lecturer in History at Leeds Beckett, Dr Kelly Hignett, commented: “Between its construction in August 1961 and its destruction in November 1989, the Berlin Wall divided a city, a nation and symbolised the ‘Iron Curtain’ that separated Western Europe from the communist Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. In November 1989, when the Berlin Wall finally crumbled, live images showing thousands of Germans celebrating by hacking at the hated structure with hammers and pick-axes were transmitted around the world, creating one of the most iconic moments of the revolutions of 1989: the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War.
“This November marks the 25th anniversary of the Berlin Wall fall, and various commemorative events are planned in Berlin and elsewhere across Europe. The Centre for Culture and the Arts is delighted to be hosting an event to mark this historic occasion here in Leeds.”
Oliver Fritz was born in 1967 in East Berlin, where he worked for several years in the country’s foreign trade industry before concentrating on working for East German state television, appearing in more than 150 movies and TV productions. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, he moved to the UK. Today, Oliver is a writer, translator, editor and an expert on the former East Germany and the Berlin Wall. He has appeared on the Jeremy Vine show and BBC Newsnight. Oliver’s book, ‘The Iron Curtain Kid’, tells the story of his life in East Germany.
The event, which has been organised and funded by the University’s Centre for Culture and the Arts, is free and open to the public. Places can be booked by visiting http://bit.ly/IronCurtainKid
For further details please contact Carrie Braithwaite in the Communications team at Leeds Beckett on 0113 812 3022 or email firstname.lastname@example.org
Notes for editors:
- Leeds Beckett University was previously Leeds Metropolitan University.
- Leeds Beckett University has around 32,000 students and just over 3,000 staff.
- The Vice Chancellor of Leeds Beckett University is Professor Susan Price and the Chancellor is Sir Bob Murray CBE.
- Leeds Beckett’s four faculties are: Arts, Environment and Technology, Business & Law, Health and Social Sciences, and Carnegie.
- Leeds Beckett University is the only university in the UK to have achieved both the Customer Service Excellence standard, Investors in People Gold and the RoSPA Gold medal.
- The Destination of Leavers in Higher Education (DLHE) showed that the proportion of Leeds Beckett 2012/13 graduates in work, further study or both six months after leaving university was 93.7%.


Tarbolton Parish Church is on Cunningham Street in Tarbolton. An ‘A’ listed building built in 1821 and in 1943 a Union with the nearby Erskine Church took place.
The former Erskine Church building is now the Erskine Hall, our present church hall, and it is a 5 minute walk from the Church, very close to the primary school.
For those interested, we have a double manual pipe organ built by Norman and Beard in 1908.
Tarbolton, which was originally a weaving village in the 18th century, is situated in between Kilmarnock and Ayr.
For Burns enthusiasts Annbank and Tarbolton lies in the heart of Burns Country with Mossgiel, Lochlea and Willie’s Mill all close by. Robert Burns was a Depute Master of the Tarbolton Masonic Lodge and his Masonic apron is one of the treasures held in the extensive and interesting museum there. The nearby hamlet of Failford also has strong Burns connections. The Bachelors’ Club, now a National Trust property, attracts many visitors each year from different corners of the world.
Our Guild has been going for 90 years.
The meetings are held on the 4th Tuesday of the month from September through o March with the outing in April.
We have a Sunday school in Tarbolton Parish Church which is always welcoming new wee faces. They meet at the church at 10am to participate in the first part of worship and then they go to the Erskine Hall for their time of stories, songs and crafts. All Sunday School teachers have PVG certificates.
Pram Praise (all guardians and pre school children) will be held in the Church on the first Monday of the month at 2.00pm
Sunday worship in Tarbolton is at 10am and Annbank starts at 11.30am.
A half hour service is held at Temple House in Mossblown on the 1st Sunday of the month at 2pm.
Home communion is celebrated on request, just contact the minister for this special service.
Tarbolton Church is situated only 3 miles from Annbank Church. There are many families within the two villages who are related and we have many shared services and this year we will share both our Christmas Day Service and our Easter Day Service.
We have a special Service once a year in November for all whose names are in our 'Book of Remembrance'.
Tarbolton Parish Church News
Boxes filled ready for despatch to Blythswood Care
Mrs Sally Alexander after being awarded a certificate for 30 years as a Sunday School Teacher
Mrs Margaret Kerr with the certificate awarded after retiring as Sunday School Leader after some 25 years service presented by Rev. Paul Russell.
7 elders after being presented with 30 year diplomas as mentioned in our newsletter.
Showing from left to right are ;
Maureen McNae, Iris Richardson, Janette Candlish, David Neil, Moira Wilson, Margaret Brown and Mary Hunter.
Miss Moira Wilson with the certificate to mark her time of over 30 years as Church Treasurer.


Research on Burials
Charles Reeves (1820-1900)
Charles Reeves was born about 1820 as a slave in Holmdel, New Jersey. He was owned by David Williamson until he was freed at the age of twenty-five. He married Hannah Van Clief of Middletown, New Jersey when he was about 30 years old and working for Garrett D. Hendrickson. About a year after his marriage, he went to work at the Brookdale farm, which is present day Brookdale Community College in Lincroft, New Jersey. Charles then moved to Lincroft and worked for George W. Crawford of Nut Swamp for thirty years. Charles died at the age of eighty at home in Lincroft with his wife, his sister and ten children surviving him. His funeral was at Lincroft Chapel.
John Major Coleman (about 1832-1909)
John Major Coleman was a civil war veteran who was born a slave in Richmond, VA between 1831 and 1833. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was living in Lexington, Kentucky, where he enlisted in the 119th Colored Regiment of Kentucky. John participated in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He was a member of the D. B. Birney Post No. 95 of the Grand Army.
John married Eliza Holmes in November of 1870 in Colts Neck, NJ. John and Eliza settled in Scobeyville, NJ (present day Colts Neck). They had four children. John worked on various farms in the area. John died in Red Bank, NJ and his funeral was held at Calvary Baptist Church. John's friends called him Major and this is also listed as an alias on his pension papers. His headstone reads 'Mager' Coleman, which is an obvious misspelling of Major.


April 7, 2022
Anyone who is familiar with Erik Larson’s book “The Devil in the White City“, would have enjoyed the presentation by authors Paul Durica and Bill Savage. Their book “Chicago by Day and Night” is a practical guide for those who attended the Columbian Exposition in 1893. This well researched book takes the readers on a tour of the seedier side of the Fair and where to find adult “sporting” places. The authors visited all known addresses to see if the buildings were still standing and what they and the neighborhoods are like in the present day Chicago.
The Union League Club of Chicago hosted cocktails and appetizers before the event and those in attendance were treated to a glimpse of the past. It was a fun and interesting evening that was enjoyed by all.


O'Grady Challenge History
A History of the O’Grady Challenge Trophy
In 1908 Colonel J.W. deCourey O’Grady, who was President of the Manitoba Curling Association, presented a trophy to encourage good will and promote curling matches between affiliated clubs in the Association, which at that time included clubs from North Western Ontario and parts of Saskatchewan. The official name is the O’Grady but is also affectionately known and called “The Old Buffalo”, the latter being taken from a figure of a bison standing in a defiant attitude on the trophy. This large beautiful trophy, which is still in competition today, can be seen at the Curling Hall of Fame in the Hudson Bay Company Department Store in downtown Winnipeg. Colonel O’Grady also served as President in 1911.
The first Trustees appointed were Messrs R.D. Waugh and Isaac Pitblado along with Col. O’Grady. Upon the death of Col. O’Grady on Nov. 2, 1914, Mr. Magnus Peterson, who had been induced to act as Secretary for the O’Grady, was appointed a Trustee and the secretarial work was taken over by the Secretary of the M.C.A. There has been a number of Trustees since the early days whose names have not been recorded. The most recent from the 1950’s were Bill Lumsden and Bob O’Dowda of Elmwood, Ross Wright of Grain Exchange, Tom Bell of Valour Road, Eric Mitchell of Rossmere, Lou Henry of Charleswood, Paul Pelletier of Fort Rouge, and presently Ron Lloyd of Fort Garry, Jim Sproule of Thistle, and Don Stewart of Manitou. The secretarial work is looked after by the M.C.A. Office.
The Trophy was put into play in the Annual M.C.A. Bonspiel of 1908. Any club affiliated with the Association was eligible to enter a double rink (two teams) in the competition, the winner to be declared by the highest total number of points accumulated in a round robin competition. Two Granite teams skipped by W.P. McDougall and Dr. A.B. Alexander were the winners, defeating double teams from Glenboro, Birtle, Napinka, Dauphin and Regina, Saskatchewan Clubs.
Rules provided that the club in possession of the Trophy was called upon to defend it once a week during the season until it was won by a challenger. All challenges had to be made to the Trustees.
The first challenge match was played on March 2, 1908 between the Granite Club in Winnipeg and the Kenora Ontario Curling Club. The Granite Curling Club was successful in its first defence.
Record books were provided in duplicate, one to travel with the trophy and one to be kept by the Trustees. In the books is recorded the date and Place of games, personnel of the four competing teams in each game, scores in detail, temperature, weather conditions, condition of ice, and “remarks”. Under remarks are many interesting curling stories of driving miles through blizzards with teams and sleighs. Of latter years a drive of a hundred to two hundred kilometres by Trophy holders is a common occurrence.
The most distant challenge has come from Thompson, Manitoba in 1990.
Interesting comments in GAME #193 – Sperling curlers arrived in Oakville by train at 11:20 p.m. Games were curled soon after they arrived in the early hours of the morning so a sociable hour or two could be enjoyed with the visitors before they caught the train for home at 6:25 a.m. GAME #194 – Same arrival and departure time (by Treherne) but included the comment “a large gallery watched the games which were closely contested and did not seem to mind the lateness of the hour”. GAME #195 - The Fort Garry Club arrived by train at Fortier, Manitoba and were met by a horse drawn uncovered wagon and conveyed in state to Oakville arriving at 5:30 p.m. after a thrilling drive! But all accounts of matches seem to have the same ending! The visiting club was fed and entertained after the games and an enjoyable time was had by all.
The record book contains stories of many great battles, one of the most famous being a seventeen end match between Thistle and Civic Curling Clubs in GAME #6. The score was tied after the regulation 14 ends. In the fifteenth and sixteenth ends each club scored one point. In the seventeenth end Civic scored three but the Thistle club scored four to win the match and retain the Trophy. It is not recorded how long it took to play the match. In GAME #46 on January 17th, 1914 at Thistle, the match ended in a tie at 12:00 Midnight. As the saying used to be “They rolled up the sidewalks at midnight”. Everything closed down, except bootleggers which were unlawful at any time. However, on the following Saturday, Elmwood returned to Thistle to complete the match and break the tie. Thistle won the game by a score of one to nothing – they played one end only.
It is also interesting to note the remarks of GAME #1010 played on January 16th, 1920. It appears that in those early days O’Grady records were only obtained by the M.C.A. or Trustees from what was reported in the newspapers. The remark in the O’Grady record book read “Match won by Heather Club. Unable to obtain detailed reports as Newspapers were not printed on January 17th due to shortage of Newsprint”.
Some lesser known clubs that competed in the early years were Union Terminal, St. Johns C.P.R, Civic and Caledonian.
Up to GAME #375 on March 8th, 1946 all matches were 14 ends duration. On December 11, 1946 in GAME #376 the matches were reduced to 12 ends and on March 13th, 1965 in GAME #550 all matches were reduced to 10 ends.
Another major change took place on December 9th, 1967 in GAME #570 when the Challenger rather than the Holder became the Host Club for all games. This was a very beneficial and economical change as it meant that any club would only host once during a season.
From the beginning until the 1950’s there were only 9 or 10 matches scheduled because of natural ice. From the 1950’s to 1960’s there were approximately 12 or 13 games; from teh 1960’s to 1970’s Approximately 17 or 18 games and beginning in 1974 there were up to 20 or 21 matches as we have it today.
As the 1998 season was approaching, the Trustees felt that they should consider recognizing ninety years of continuous matches of this great competition. So, on March 1st, 1998 – 90 years less one day, a 90th Anniversary of the O’Grady Challenge Trophy was celebrated.
After a number of planning meetings, the date of March 1st, 1998 was set in conjunction with a match scheduled between Fort Rouge – the challenger and Morden – the present holder of the Trophy.
This event took place at the Fort Rouge Curling Club. Invitations were sent out to all clubs in the M.C.A. that had participated in this competition over the 90 years, as well as dignitaries from the province of Manitoba, The City of Winnipeg, The curling Foundation, The President of the Curling Hall of Fame and members of the Manitoba Curling Association Executive. Replies were received back indicating that approximately 60-70 people would be attending. Unfortunately, a province wide storm happened on our day and many guests were unable to make the trip from the country points, thus we ended up with only about 50 in attendance.
On display was the beautiful O’Grady Trophy, along with all the record books containing all the information of each match, as well as statistic sheets for all matches up to the end of the 1997 season.
After the game, refreshments and fellowship were enjoyed by the curlers and guests prior to some serious time.
Trustee Jim Sproule then introduced our Honoured Guests and dignitaries who extended their greetings and spoke briefly.
Trustee Ron Lloyd gave a brief history of this great competition stating these matches in the old days were very important and always very well publicized in the Sports Pages of the 2 Newspapers. There were usually many spectators and dignitaries in attendance such as the M.C.A. President, Provincial and Civic Reps and the Media (quite often SCOTTY HARPER). Scotty not only attended City matches but many Rural matches as well.
Ron also wanted all to know that the purpose was not to showcase the best and most well known curlers from one club, but to include any curler who wished to participate and enjoy the game; fostering good-will, camaraderie, fun and great fellowship.
A lovely lunch followed.
The next ten years of competition had a few highlights as follows:
GRAND MARAIS and WINKLER participated for the first time ever. Winkler in 1999/2000 season and Grand Marais in 2007/2008 season. ST. VITAL was back in 2000 after being absent since 1915, SELKIRK was back for the first time since 1924 and RESTON returned after an absence of 37 years.
100th ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION
The 07-08 season was a very busy but exciting one as 100 years in this great competition was fast approaching. Planning for a 100th Anniversary Celebration was taking place.
Invitations were sent out to all clubs who had participated within the last 15 years, inviting a representative from each club. Many clubs attended.
Colonel J.W. DeCourcy O’Grady’s competition, completed 100 years to the day on March 2, 1908, when MATCH #1375 was played at the 100th Anniversary Celebration at The Fort Garry Curling Club.
ROLAND played FORT GARRY in the regular scheduled 07-08 match as well as two other special matches to help celebrate the 100 years of competition.
GLENBORO played against PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, they being the two clubs who challenged the most and also had the most curlers take part over the 100 years.
GRANITE played THISTLE, these being two of the first clubs to compete in the competition.
Following the curling, and prior to a delicious buffet, invited guests from the province and the City brought greetings and favourable compliments to the celebration. M.C.A. President, Dale Brooks spoke Briefly.
Hall of Fame President, FRED SUTTON attended and the Trustees thanked Fred for having the beautiful O’Grady Trophy on display, which drew much attention. The program was emceed by BOB PICKEN, in which he gave a brief history of the O’Grady Challenge competition. The Trustees had the help of Mr. Keith Forbes in the designing of a beautiful 100th Anniversary pin. All curlers who took part in the 07-08 schedule and all anniversary curling participants and guests received a pin.
We believe Colonel O’Grady would be happy and pleased how well his dream has been accepted over 100 years of competition. Thank you to all clubs and curlers who have participated and kept this great competition going for 100 years and we hope that the clubs and young, up and coming curlers will carry this competition on for years to come.
The following comments in a club match as up-dated from the 50th annual bonspiel booklet of 1938 reads as follows:
“During 30 years (now 100) in competition the trophy has more than fulfilled the wishes of Colonel O’Grady for the promotion of Inter-Club matches. It is hoped “The Buffalo” will continue to roam the prairies, sponsoring good sportsmanship and fellowship among present and succeeding generation of curlers”.
“Senator” O’Dowda, Secretary of the Elmwood Curling Club summed it up best with his comments in MATCH #344 in 1943 – “We, the members of the Elmwood Club were very sorry to lose the O’Grady Trophy because it was the means of bringing together not only the members of our club, but also offered us the chance to meet and enjoy the company of our fellow curlers from out of town”.


From its humblest beginning as the most basic of shelters, the fabric structure has come a long way.
A long history
Although the temporary nature of fabric shelters means there is little pre-historical archaeological evidence, it is thought that humans have been building tents as shelter for over 40,000 years. These comprised animal skins or leaves over poles – usually wooden, although people would have used whatever was available. In the case of the Eskimo tribes, this would have been whale bones.
Easy to build and dismantle, fabric structures were perfect for the nomadic lifestyle of our ancestors, many of whom eventually settled in more permanent buildings. There are still many nomadic communities that use tents today, such as the black tents of the North African Bedouin, the Mongolian yurts, and the tipi of the First Nation tribes of North America, although the latter are generally only used for ceremonial purposes.
Even after western society became settled in permanent structures, fabric structures played a big role in military campaigns by providing temporary shelter for armies on the move; for example, picture the Roman encampments portrayed in film. Tents and other fabric shelters are still used by armies across the world.
The use of these structures in mainstream architecture and construction started at the end of the 19th century. Russian engineer Vladimir Shukhov designed a steel-clad metal frame tensile structure for the structural engineering pavilion at the Nizhny Novgorod exhibition in 1896 and German architect Frei Otto further championed the use of tensile structures at the German Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal and the 1972 Munich Olympic Stadium.
Advances in modern engineering have led to lighter, stronger metals and – more importantly – stronger and more sophisticated architectural fabrics that can withstand the elements, as seen in projects involving fabric structures by Fabric Architecture and other suppliers. This has led to fabric structures, which can be far more versatile and cost effective than a permanent building, being used more and more frequently and for more varied purposes.
Today, in addition to the tensile structure’s most basic form of the tent, we have more sophisticated fabric architectural structures such as Greenwich’s O2 Arena. This is a far cry from your two-man tent, but the principal remains the same – fabric stretched over a frame and secured.


The koi named Akira had always been fascinated by the large pond in which she lived. It was a beautiful place with sparkling water, colorful flowers, and the sound of the waterfall in the distance. But one day, as she was swimming near the edge of the pond, she noticed something peculiar. There was a small opening in the rocks, hidden beneath the water's surface.
Curiosity getting the better of her, Akira decided to investigate. She swam towards the opening and squeezed herself through the narrow gap. As she emerged on the other side, she found herself in a dark and mysterious cave.
The walls of the cave were adorned with ancient symbols and markings, and as Akira swam deeper into the cave, she felt a sense of wonder and excitement. She had never seen anything like this before. But as she explored further, she discovered something even more remarkable.
At the end of the cave, there was a large stone tablet with a message inscribed in it. It read, "This pond was created by our ancestors, who dedicated their lives to building this place. It is a symbol of our family's history and legacy."
Akira was stunned. She had never heard of her family having such a rich history before. She had always thought of herself as just another fish in the pond, but now she realized that there was so much more to her family's story.
Determined to learn more, Akira set out to uncover the secrets of her family's past. She spent hours each day exploring the pond and the surrounding area, talking to other fish and learning everything she could about her family's history.
Through her efforts, Akira discovered that her family had a long and proud history of building and maintaining the pond. They had dedicated their lives to creating a place of beauty and tranquility, where people could come to escape the stresses of everyday life.
Akira was proud to be a part of this legacy, and she knew that she had a responsibility to carry on her family's traditions. She continued to explore the pond and the surrounding area, always seeking new knowledge and insights about her family's history.
In the end, Akira knew that she had found her true purpose in life. She was a guardian of the pond, a keeper of the family's legacy, and a symbol of the enduring power of family and tradition. And she was proud to be a koi.


About Logan Tours
We are a small, local tour company located in Butler, PA that specializes in organizing student trips to Washington, D.C. and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Logan Tours has been organizing student tours for over 50 years. The company was started in 1963 as Washington & PA Tours by Cliff Logan, a history teacher at the Butler Jr. High. He saw it as a way to bring ‘History to Life’ for his students. The trips were so successful that teachers from other schools soon began asking Cliff Logan to organize trips for their students and the company was born.
When Cliff retired from teaching in the late 90’s, his daughter took the reins. Rebecca Green was a high school Math teacher, but it turns out she was good at social studies and government, too! Since then, she has become terrific at organizing and managing student and sightseeing tours. In 2018, Rebecca renamed the company, “Logan Tours,” both because it has grown beyond those two locales, and to honor her father’s legacy.
Logan Tours tailors each trip to meet your school’s specific needs. The core of each trip includes transportation to and from the destination, chaperones, hotel accommodations, all meals and admission to all attractions on the itinerary.
REBECCA GREEN, Owner
142 Bryson Road
Butler, PA. 16001


The Maya People
To trace the custom of chewing for pleasure to its source, we must look to the ancient Maya people of Central America. Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C.E., they rose to prominence around 250 C.E. in the area now known as southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize. Building on the inherited inventions and ideas of earlier civilizations like the Olmec, the Maya developed astronomy, an intricate calendar, and hieroglyphic writing.
The Maya were also noted for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces, and observatories, all built without metal tools or use of the wheel. They were expert weavers and potters, and to hawk their wares they cleared routes through jungles and swamps, fostering extensive trade networks with distant peoples in the process. The Maya were equally skilled farmers, clearing large sections of tropical rain forest to plant food crops like corn, beans, and squash, as well as hemp, cotton and sapodilla trees.
The Maya boiled the sap of the sapodilla tree to a sticky mass, a substance we today know as chicle. For the Maya, its uses were many. They used it in making blowguns and as a strong glue in crafts and architecture. It was an article of trade and was frequently used in religious rituals. Maya boys chewed it, calling the stuff cha. The Maya abandoned their cities for mysterious reasons around the year 800 C.E., but fortunately for us, they retained their custom of chewing chicle.
Flash forward a few hundreds of years, because 1869 marks the year that modern day gum products were born. The famous Mexican General, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (remember the Alamo?) was looking for a way to commercially exploit the properties of chicle. Unaware of its chewable virtues, Santa Anna originally hoped chicle could be exported as a rubber substitute. So he passed it along to American inventor Thomas Adams. Adams found chicle unsuitable as a base for rubber, but realized its potential as a chewing gum after boiling it and rolling it in sugar. His boiled chicle vastly outsold all other varieties of gum available at the time, and thus revolutionized the industry.
Though Adams can be credited with the invention of chicle-based chewing gum, it was William Wrigley who built an empire on it. By 1893 Wrigley contracted the Zeno Gum Corporation to make the two main brands still available today – Wrigley’s ‘Juicy Fruit’ and ‘Spearmint.’ His marketing of these products was remarkably innovative and defiant of convention: a mile-long sign composed of one hundred and seventeen billboards between Atlantic City and Trenton, New Jersey, a huge collection of placards and electric signs in Times Square, and a campaign of free samples for millions of storekeepers and salesmen. The campaign was a resounding success, and the chewing of gum became a national addiction. The increasing consumption of chewing gum in the United States meant an increasing demand for chicle from the Peten.
Chicleros, or Sapodilla tree-tappers, began to immigrate into the region from neighboring zones such as Veracruz, Chiapas, Yucatan state and Belize. These workers in the forest economy began to enjoy greater economic freedom from the oppressive Mexican state and the Yucateca elite. Whole villages came to rely on the production of chicle; the village of Uaxactun, for example, arose around an airstrip that was visited daily by small aircraft from the Wrigley’s company, collecting chicle for export to the Unite States. In 1943, México exported 8,165 tons of chicle to the United States, the largest amount in the industry’s history. However, this boom was short lived; during World War Two, the shortage of chewing gum base forced manufacturers to develop synthetic gum resins, which gradually replaced chicle as a gum base. The market for chewing gum has grown remarkably through the years, from a yearly consumption in the United States of 39 sticks per person in 1914 to 200 sticks per person today. Gum made from synthetic materials makes up the majority of this expanding industry. However, chicle is still being harvested today in Guatemala, Belize and Mexico for use in high quality gums in Asia.
From September to January, a time of torrential rains in the Peten, skilled laborers called chicleros hike out to remote parts of the rainforest, seeking either virgin Sapodilla trees or those that were tapped many years prior. They climb up the long trunk of the tree and make a series of diagonal cuts with their machete, taking care to cut only deep enough to allow the white sap to bleed out, but not deep enough to expose the tree to insects or infection. The sap runs down the tree in the grooves cut out by the machete, and collects at the base of the tree in a small canvas sack left by the chiclero. At the end of the day, chicleros collect these sacks. Each tapping only yields about 2.5 pounds of liquid over a six-hour period, and a chiclero will tap 6-12 trees a day in order to make his quota.
The key ingredient to Glee Gum is chicle. Glee Gum is actually one of the only gums in the United States made with chicle. Using chicle helps protect the rainforest and provide sustainable subsistence for the people that live there. Without non-timber forest products like chicle, the trees in the forest would be cut down systematically, as their only commercial value would be as logs. So consider that the next time you choose your chewing gum, and chew-se wisely!
Wanna See the Process from Tree to Glee?


Take a trip through time as you explore the fascinating history of cannabis culture in Boulder. In this article, we’ll delve into the countercultural beginnings, the milestones that led to legalization, and the iconic dispensaries that shaped the industry, including the renowned Boulder dispensary. Get ready to immerse yourself in Boulder’s vibrant cannabis scene and discover the innovations and trends that are shaping the future of the industry. It’s time to embark on a historical journey like no other.
Early Beginnings: Cannabis in Boulder’s Countercultural Movement
In the early beginnings of Boulder’s countercultural movement, you’ll find cannabis playing a prominent role in shaping the community’s values and beliefs. The vibrant flower, also known as marijuana, became a symbol of rebellion and freedom for the residents of Boulder. As the counterculture grew, so did the demand for cannabis, leading to the establishment of dispensaries along Pearl Street. These dispensaries became gathering places for like-minded individuals, fostering a sense of community and camaraderie.
The availability of cannabis allowed people to explore alternative forms of spirituality and self-expression. It became a catalyst for artistic expression and a way to connect with nature. The influence of cannabis on Boulder’s countercultural movement cannot be overstated; it sparked a revolution of ideas and paved the way for a more open-minded and accepting society.
Milestones and Legalization: The Evolution of Cannabis Laws in Boulder
You’re probably curious about how cannabis laws have evolved over the years in this city. Well, let me tell you, Boulder has had quite the journey. Back in the day, marijuana was strictly illegal, and the idea of a licensed dispensary seemed like a far-fetched dream. But things started to change in 2000 when Colorado legalized medical marijuana. This prompted the opening of the first licensed dispensaries in Boulder, providing much-needed relief to patients.
Fast forward to 2012, and recreational marijuana became legal in Colorado. Boulder quickly embraced this change and witnessed the emergence of numerous recreational dispensaries, including the popular Boulder Recreational Dispensary. Today, Boulder’s cannabis laws continue to evolve, with a focus on regulation and responsible use. So, if you’re looking for a cannabis experience, rest assured that Boulder has got you covered.
Iconic Dispensaries: Exploring the Pioneers of Boulder’s Cannabis Industry
When it comes to exploring the pioneers of the cannabis industry in Boulder, Helping Hands Dispensary stands as a prominent name. Located on Pearl Street, Helping Hands Dispensary Boulder has been a trailblazer in the cannabis movement, offering a diverse selection of high-quality cannabis products. With a dedicated and knowledgeable staff, they are committed to providing a safe and educational experience for their customers.
Whether you’re a seasoned connoisseur or a curious newcomer, you can rely on Helping Hands Dispensary Boulder to assist you in navigating their extensive menu and finding the perfect product for your needs. And the best part? They offer competitive prices, ensuring that you receive the utmost value for your money. So, why wait? Pay a visit to Helping Hands Dispensary on Pearl Street and immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of Boulder’s cannabis industry, with Helping Hands leading the way.
Cannabis Culture and Community: a Look Into Boulder’s Vibrant Cannabis Scene
Immerse yourself in the vibrant cannabis scene of this city and discover the tight-knit community that surrounds it. Boulder’s cannabis culture is like no other, with a rich history and a thriving present. Here are three things you can expect when exploring the vibrant cannabis scene in Boulder:
- Community: The cannabis community in Boulder is incredibly supportive and welcoming. Whether you’re a seasoned connoisseur or new to the scene, you’ll find people who are passionate about sharing their knowledge and experiences.
- Boulder Dispensaries: From the iconic pioneers to the innovative newcomers, Boulder’s dispensaries offer a wide range of products and experiences. Each dispensary has its own unique vibe and selection, making it exciting to explore them all.
- Historical Journey: Boulder has played a significant role in the cannabis movement, and you can embark on a fascinating historical journey as you learn about the city’s contribution to cannabis culture. From early activism to groundbreaking research, Boulder has left its mark on the industry.
The Future of Cannabis: Innovations and Trends Shaping Boulder’s Industry
As you explore, you’ll discover the exciting innovations and trends that are shaping the future of the cannabis industry in this vibrant city. Boulder is at the forefront of the cannabis revolution, offering a wide selection of high-quality products that cater to every preference and need. The dispensary experience here is unlike any other, with knowledgeable staff who can guide you through the vast array of cannabis products available.
From edibles to topicals, concentrates to flower, the options are endless. Boulder’s commitment to providing top-notch customer service and a diverse selection of products ensures that you’ll find exactly what you’re looking for. As the future of cannabis continues to evolve, Boulder remains at the forefront, embracing new technologies and practices that will shape the industry for years to come.
Boulder’s cannabis culture has come a long way, from its early beginnings in the countercultural movement to the milestones of legalization. The city’s iconic dispensaries have played a crucial role in shaping the industry and creating a vibrant cannabis community. With ongoing innovations and trends, Boulder’s cannabis future looks promising, as it continues to evolve and embrace the ever-changing landscape of the industry.


Judi was a truly remarkable woman, a leader and one of the most effective change agents in the maternity sector in New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s. I met Judi in the mid-1980s and we soon became friends and colleagues as we joined and/or established consumer groups and worked on numerous issues of concern in the maternity sector. Judi was an inspiring and hard-working member of the Home Birth movement, Save the Midwives and Maternity Action, as well as many other groups.
In 1986 she helped form, and then led, the Direct-Entry Midwifery Task Force whose aim was to see the establishment of a direct-entry midwifery programme in New Zealand. Over the next four years Judi led this hugely successful campaign. On 29 November 1987, taskforce members met with Marilyn Waring to discuss strategies for achieving the goal of getting a specialist midwifery training course of a high standard that would be both appropriate to New Zealand and which would also be recognised internationally. As co-ordinator of the Task Force, Judi inspired and motivated the rest of us with her passion and enthusiasm for the cause, and over the next few years we vigorously lobbied MPs, wrote letters, applied for funding, produced submissions, networked with other women, researched overseas midwifery training programmes and attended conferences both in New Zealand and overseas. Without Judi’s commitment and countless hours of unpaid work we would not have achieved as much as we did. The passing of the Nurses Amendment Act in August 1990 was an overwhelming victory for all those involved in this campaign.
Few midwives today, and probably not one pregnant woman choosing a midwife to care for her, know just how much they owe to Judi Strid.
The Auckland Women’s Health Council was formed in July 1988 following a number of informal meetings about women’s health issues held in the early months of that year. Judi was a founding member of the AWHC, which became an incorporated society in September 1989. She was the first paid co-ordinator of the AWHC, taking on the job after funding had been obtained after the demands of the AWHC’s work became more than could be done by Sue Neal, our volunteer secretary. Judi worked tirelessly for the Council, organising fundraising book fairs, writing grant applications, attending hundreds of meetings including those of the newly formed Auckland Area Health Board. She also played a major role in the formation of the Federation of Women’s Health Councils in 1990 and subsequently worked in a volunteer role as the first convenor of the Federation for several years.
Judi was also involved in the hui on maternity services consumer representation held at the Manukau Institute of Technology in Otara on Saturday 25 November 1989. The meeting was attended by around 50 women and Task Force members, Ray Naden, Anne Nightingale, Sam Denny and Yvonne Underhill-Sem. The result of this meeting was the formation of the Auckland Maternity Services Consumer Council in 1990.
Debbie Payne, the first convenor of the Maternity Services Consumer Council, said that the MSCC was Judi’s brain-child in that it was her idea to set it up as an umbrella group similar to the Federation of Women’s Health Councils. Judi helped Debbie set up the first meeting of the MSCC Steering Group in 1991 and for the first year MSCC meetings took place in Debbie’s home as Debbie was on a year’s maternity leave at the time.
At the beginning of 1995 Judi resigned from both the AWHC and the Federation of Women’s Health Councils.
She then went on to set up the Women’s Health Information Unit at National Women’s Hospital in Epsom where she became renowned for her commitment to ensuring women (and health professionals) had access to the latest evidence-based information on a wide range of women’s health issues. She also became a member of the Women’s Health Action Trust, a position she held until 2001.
Judi was appointed Director of Advocacy at the office of the Health and Disability Commissioner in 2004, a position she held until November 2014. She was a tireless champion of health and disability consumer advocacy and of the Code of Rights in her role as Director. Judi also served as the HDC representative on the National Quality Improvement Committee, where she championed the consumer voice, alongside Jean Hera, the consumer representative from the Palmerston North Women’s Health Collective. Jean said Judi was a great support to her in this role.
In 2005 Judi was made a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZM) for her services to women’s health.
On Thursday 26 February 2015 Judi Strid died at home following a four-year battle with cancer. She was 59 years old, the mother of five children and three grandchildren. Judi was a very private person, and always refused any attention or acknowledgement of her many achievements. She would definitely not have approved of this tribute to her. However, as others have observed “a great kauri has fallen” and those left behind want to celebrate the life and untimely death of this unique, determined and very humble woman.


The 6th volume in Seaforth Publishing’s acclaimed Historic Ships series is devoted to the UK’s sole remaining wartime destroyer, HMS Cavalier. Preserved in The Historic Dockyard, Chatham, she acts as a permanent memorial to more than 11,000 men who lost their lives in the 142 Royal Navy destroyers that were sunk during WWII. One of 96 Emergency Programme destroyers that were ordered between 1940 and 1942, Cavalier was built by J Samuel White & Co on the Isle of Wight.
The laying of her keel took place on 28 February 1943 followed by her launching on 7 April 1944. As completed in November 1944, Cavalier boasted a main armament of four 4.5 inch guns, a standard displacement of 1,710 tons and a top speed of 31 knots. She subsequently joined the Home Fleet’s 6th Destroyer Flotilla and participated in anti shipping, minelaying and minesweeping operations in Norwegian waters. In late February 1945 she sailed from Scapa Flow to reinforce the escort of the westbound Arctic Convoy RA64 which had been battered by hurricane force winds, torpedo bombers and U-boats. Her involvement in the final stages of this convoy’s passage led to the award of her sole battle honour “Arctic 1945”. She spent the remaining months of the European war operating in the Western Approaches as an escort to several famous liners including Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth and Aquitannia during the initial and final stages of their transatlantic trooping voyages. After V E Day, she underwent a brief refit in Rosyth to prepare for service within the British Pacific Fleet. However, the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought the conflict to a close before the destroyer left home waters and triggered her reassignment to the East Indies Station where she arrived on 29 September 1945 to help re-establish order in the troubled region.
On 10 November, Cavalier participated in the occupation of Soerabaya, Java by bombarding dissident Indonesian nationalists who had failed to respond to the Allied ultimatum to surrender. Three months later, she formed part of Force 64 to deal with unrest in the Royal Indian Navy by visiting Indian ports along the Indian West Coast between February and April before heading back to the UK to pay off in to the reserve fleet. Her future hung in the balance until 1955 when she was moved to Southampton to undergo a two year modernisation at the Thornycroft shipyard. The work included the fitting of a new open bridge to the same design as those fitted to the larger Daring class, an enlarged operations room, improved radar equipment, the replacement of one 4.5 in gun with twin squid anti submarine mortars and a revised close range armament of two single and one twin 40mm Bofors guns. On completion of the work, Cavalier’s primary roles included screening heavy forces against attack by submarines, aircraft and light forces as well as attacking enemy light forces and trade. Her secondary roles consisted of attacking heavy ships with torpedoes and participating in combined operations.
When she rejoined the Fleet in July 1957 Cavalier sailed once more for the Far East where she remained until 1963. Her programme mainly consisted of exercises and goodwill visits across the region. One of the most notable events of this time occurred in April 1958 when Cavalier joined the Grapple Squadron to patrol the waters off Christmas Island during the hydrogen bomb tests. Further drama was sparked by the outbreak of an armed rebellion in Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo on 8 December 1962 against the formation of Malaysia. Cavalier had just left Australia waters at the end of a successful goodwill visit when she received orders to proceed to Singapore at high speed and embark The Queen’s Own Highlanders complete with their vehicles and stores. On reaching Brunei, Cavalier disembarked the troops and acted as a communications HQ ship while members of crew guarded 400 captured rebels ashore until the destroyer was relieved by the cruiser HMS Tiger. She returned to the UK in May 1963 to pay off into reserve and await a decision on her future in Chatham Dockyard.
A year later she was taken in tow from Chatham to be refitted in Gibraltar when she lost her bows in a collision with the 17,905 ton Liberian registered tanker Burgan in the English Channel on 21 May 1964. Fortunately, there were no casualties among the destroyer’s skeleton crew and the virtually unscathed Burgan continued with her voyage to Rotterdam. However, Cavalier had to be towed stern first to Portsmouth Dockyard for emergency repairs.
She recommissioned in 1966 for a brief spell with the Home Fleet before sailing for the Far East in May 1967. Her last deployment East of Suez included two Beira patrols to enforce the embargo on shipments of oil to Rhodesia. Following her return to the UK on 30 May 1968 she spent the remainder of her active service operating in Home Waters and the Mediterranean. While acting as planeguard to the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal during a major exercise on 8 September 1970, Cavalier received orders to assist the coaster St Brandon which had caught fire in rough weather in the Bristol Channel. The French trawler Henri Callogh rescued the crew before Cavalier’s arrival so the destroyer stood by the blazing coaster to warn other shipping and report on whether she sank. Despite the force 10 winds, a boarding party managed to secure a tow line on 10 September and brought her into Milford Haven a day later. The Admiralty Courts subsequently ruled that the Ship’s Company was entitled to a salvage award of £11,000 to be distributed among those who were onboard during the operation.
The same exercise also led to Cavalier receiving a challenge from HMS Rapid to establish which one could claim to be the fastest in the Fleet. Although Rapid had been converted from a wartime R class destroyer into a frigate, she retained the same hull form and machinery as Cavalier, thereby creating an evenly matched contest. Cavalier reached a maximum speed of 31.8 knots to narrowly win the 64 mile race on 6 July 1971 by just 30 yards. Despite this impressive performance, the veteran destroyer was nearing the end of her career, in which she steamed 564,140 miles, and paid off for the last time in Chatham Dockyard on 6 July 1972.
Admiral of the Fleet Earl Mountbatten of Burma led the campaign to preserve Cavalier. She was purchased by The HMS Cavalier Trust for £65,000 in 1977 and opened to the public in Southampton in 1982. Sadly, this scheme ended in failure as did successive plans to preserve her in Brighton and Tyneside. Time appeared to be running out by 1998 when The Historic Dockyard, Chatham stepped in at the eleventh hour with the help of a £1.6 million grant from the National Heritage Memorial Fund. She underwent £1million of repairs on Tyneside before leaving under tow for Chatham where she arrived on 16 May 1999. Three days later, she entered No 2 dry dock, the site of the Old Single Dock where Lord Nelson’s flagship HMS Victory was built. Tours of the upper decks began soon after her arrival while The Historic Dockyard’s employed conservation team and dedicated volunteers started work to enable more parts of the ship to be opened to the public. Visitors were finally allowed down below in August 2001 following the completion of the forward messdeck’s restoration.
The wholehearted support of the preservation team’s staff and volunteers enabled Richard to take an extensive series of colour images of the Ship’s exterior and internal compartments, including a number of areas that are closed to the public. A significant proportion of the book is devoted to these images which take the reader on a unique illustrated tour of the ship from bow to stern and deck-by-deck, thereby creating the most comprehensive visual record and explanation of the ship that exists.
Title: HMS Cavalier Destroyer 1944
Foreword by: Richard Holdsworth MBE
Publisher: Seaforth Publishing
Format: Soft Back
Publication Date: 2015
Number of Published Pages: 128
Number of Images:
Remarks: In print – available direct from Seaforth Publishing, The Historic Dockyard, Chatham and in all good bookshops (both online and on a high street near you).


Posted on March 2, 2012
We thought readers of Dancing Times and Dance Today might want to take a look at the first ever issue of Dancing Times published in October 1910. The editor was Philip J S Richardson, who continued to work for the magazine until his retirement in 1958.
He was instrumental in the founding of the Royal Academy of Dancing (now Dance), the Camargo Society for the encouragement and presentation of British ballet (1930-33), and the British Board of Ballroom Dancing (now the British Dance Council), which codified the technique and controls the standard of “English style” of Ballroom dancing.
We hope you enjoy having a look!
All material copyright Dancing TImes Ltd


Consul General Elmer G. Cato (second from right), and Chairperson Arsenio J. Lizaso of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (second from left) unveil the Sentro Rizal marker at the Philippine Center on Thursday, 06 January 2022. Witnessing the event are Ms. Maria Luisa Tinio Bayot, a descendant of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, and Deputy Consul General Arman R. Talbo. The Sentro Rizal New York is the 36th such center in the world, and the 7th in the United States. It will be at the forefront of cultural diplomacy efforts of the Consulate at the United States northeast. (Photo by Federico A. Silao, Jr.)
New York, 06 January 2022 – The Philippine Consulate General in New York received a big boost in its cultural diplomacy efforts with the inauguration of the Sentro Rizal at the Philippine Center in Manhattan on Thursday, 6 January 2021.
The Sentro Rizal New York was launched in simple ceremonies led by Consul General Elmer G. Cato and Chairperson Arsenio J. Lizaso of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and attended by members of the Filipino Community.
“Sentro Rizal serves as a platform to reignite our Filipino pride and strengthen the Filipino identity,” Consul General Elmer G. Cato said. “It is our hope that Sentro Rizal New York will reinforce the ties that bind our kababayan in the United States with our inang bayan.”
Consul General Cato also expressed his appreciation to Chairperson Lizaso for his commitment to support the various cultural projects of the Philippine Consulate General.
“Now that we have the Sentro Rizal New York, the NCCA can make available to the Philippine Consulate General the resources it needs to effectively carry out its cultural diplomacy programs in the East Coast,” said Chairperson Lizaso.
As part of the inauguration ceremony, Consul General Cato and Chairperson Lizaso signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the commitments of both the Philippine Consulate General and NCAA in ensuring the success of the Sentro Rizal New York.
The signing of the MOU was witnessed by Deputy Consul General Arman R. Talbo; Maria Luisa Tinio Bayot, a descendant of Dr. Jose Rizal; and officials of the Knights of Rizal in the Eastern Region led by Atty. Ferdinand Suba.
The Sentro Rizal New York was inaugurated 12 years after the passage of the National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009 that provided for the establishment of Philippine centers to promote Filipino art, culture, and language among members of the Filipino diaspora.
It is the 36th Sentro Rizal in the world and the seventh in the United States after those at the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C. and the Philippine Consulates General in Agana, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.
Consul General Cato said the Sentro Rizal New York will serve as repository of Filipiniana materials in the form of books, CDs, and artworks to allow the public to fully immerse themselves into the Filipino culture.


In 1980, Mike was playing with a band that included drummer Steve Fillicelli. As often happens, musicians would come and go for various reasons. Eventually, Steve left the band and a new drummer was recruited. Some months later, Mike also left, but he wasn’t idle for very long.
He was contacted by Steve, and asked if he was interested in joining the band that Steve was currently playing in, as their bassist was leaving shortly to move north and go back to school. Mike agreed, and this led to him becoming a member of the Coquina Rock Band.
The CRB had been started a year before by Mark Watson and his sister Jill, both of whom were excellent vocalists, with Mark also playing keyboards and a bit of guitar, while Jill contributed the odd guitar or percussion part. They too, had experienced the musical-chair situation with other members.
Their current bass player was Perry Petrone, aka ‘Sonny LaRock’. Perry was also left-handed, so he and Mike had a rapport almost immediately. The two of them had several sessions at Perry’s house in which they went over the bass parts to nearly every song the band played. This was important, since a large part of the band’s repertoire was original music from the Watson siblings (with contributions from a writing partner of Mark’s).
With Mike up to speed, Perry left the band and the CRB was able to carry on without a hitch. During the time Mike was a member, they made a TV appearance on Sunshine Music Hall, a half-hour broadcast on station WMFE in Orlando, Fl.
After several more personnel changes, including a new drummer, the band went into the studio (for the second time; the first occasion was with Perry some months before Mike joined). This resulted in two original tracks, Expendable and Metal On Metal, recorded at a professional eight-track studio in Melbourne, Florida. Except for some live recordings made at a surf festival some months later, these were the only songs captured on tape while Mike was with the band.
Eventually, Mike also left the group, which carried on a while longer then disbanded completely. Mark and Jill went on to work as a country duo for a short time, which ended when Jill moved to Chicago. Mark and Perry both passed away in 2004. Mike and Jill still keep in touch.
For more information, check out the Coquina Rock Band website.


Father Fermin Francisco
- Father Fermin founded the Mission of San Jose on June 11, 1797.
- Father Fermin was born on June 7, 1736 at Vitoria in Cantabria, Spain.
- He became a Franciscan priest in 1752 and volunteered for the American missions in 1758.
- He had ruddy skin, a pockmarked face, dark eyes and dark curly hair.
- On June 1775, he moved to Monterey but was unhappy in California.


The history of The West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce
The following is a brief history of The West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce (WIMCC) from its beginning in January 1978 to the present.
The Dorval and Pointe-Claire Chambers of Commerce had been successful organizations within their respective communities for many years.
As the West Island of Montreal began to grow in the 60’s and 70’s, the Directors of both the Dorval and Pointe-Claire Chambers decided the time was right to consider the formation of one West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce. One Chamber that could offer expanded services to the industrial, commercial and community interests for the benefit of the entire West Island of Montreal.
Our Charter was granted to include all the municipalities from Lachine to the West of the Island. There was one exception to this: Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue had a Chamber of Commerce, but eventually joined with The West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce.
Both the Dorval and the Pointe Claire Chambers have had excellent relationships with their officials.
As The West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce came into existence – this first class relationship continued – and expanded to the other West Island municipalities.
The West Island of Montreal Chamber of Commerce was fortunate in that the Pointe-Claire Chamber had two excellent fund-raising projects that had been going on for 10 years prior to amalgamation. One of these was the Annual Industrial Exhibition held each spring at the Fairview Shopping Centre. This Exhibition enabled local industry and businesses to publicize their products, services, etc. and at the same time was a revenue producer for the Chamber. The other was the Auto-Ex held each fall at Fairview.
As the Chamber grew, it was found necessary to have staff to provide ongoing services to the membership. A Manager and a Secretary were hired. Fairview generously provided accommodations at no cost to the Chamber.
In October 1982 the Chamber sponsored the West Island Economic Summit, which brought together 95 people representing various sectors of the West Island economy including all levels of government.
Many of the topics that were raised at the Summit are now being realized. Perhaps the best example of this was the creation of the West Island Business Development Council.
In early 1986, the Council hired an Industrial Commissioner and a Secretary. As you know, much activity has been going on in the area. Most of the cities and towns of the West Island plus a grant from the Provincial Government finance this Development Council.
In 1985 the Chamber initiated the Accolades program to foster pride and productivity in West Island businesses and industries by acknowledging special achievements.
This program was very well received and supported. The program was also held the year after with even greater enthusiasm and support that in the previous year. It was a gala event in all respects.
The Chamber’s first Finance Show was held in January 1986 at Fairview. Good support for this effort was provided by the financial and business organizations.
The Chamber has been fortunate to have men and women who have given generously of their time and talent as well as count on the great financial and services support of numerous business partners.


For generations the Tuhourangi people lived in the shadow of Mount Tarawera, the enigmatic mountain that looms above the lake of the same name.
Nearby Lake Rotomahana, was the focus of a 19th century tourist boom. Rotomahana was the site of a spectacular geothermal phenomenon – a vast expanse of silica formations that became world famous as the Pink and White Terraces.
In the neighboring village of Te Wairoa, the Tuhourangi people prospered from ever increasing visitors to their land to view this natural wonder of the world.
It was a way of life that was to end abruptly in the early hours of June 10, 1886. Without warning, Mount Tarawera became violently active and in the hours that followed a choking layer of scoria, ash and mud buried the surrounding landscape. Many of the villages close to the mountain disappeared without trace and the Pink and White Terraces, the livelihood for so many, were obliterated. For the Tuhourangi people these were hours of loss and total devastation.
Family members took in survivors of the eruption at the little village of Whakarewarewa, located in central Rotorua. Whakarewarewa was becoming a popular tourist destination in its own right for its geothermal activity. Most of the Tuhourangi homeless eventually settled at Whakarewarewa where they were able to rebuild their lives and continue welcoming visitors to experience Rotorua’s natural wonders.
Today guests join the descendants of the Tuhorangi people to experience their unique lifestyle and history – a history rich with the traditions and legends of a strong people that survived a long sea voyage to Aotearoa New Zealand. Hear the legends of a people exploring a new land making it their home, living in harmony with a sometimes harsh environment and living with the legacy of the great mountain, Tarawera.


Victoria's Quilts Canada (VQC) was established by Betty Giffin of Ottawa in October 1999. She invited a small group of friends to discuss the possibility of groups getting together to make quilts to donate to people living with cancer in Canada. The group started slowly, but the idea gained interest and the group quickly gained momentum.
In its first year, VQC distributed 16 quilts to people with cancer. The following year, it was incorporated as a non-profit organization.
By 2002 and 2003, VQC had already expanded to include more than a dozen Friends Groups in the National Office area and 8 Branches across Canada. The non-quilting volunteer base also grew to include more administrative help. As in the past, the number of quilts requested increased along with public awareness.
2004 was a year of tremendous growth in many ways, and some inevitable struggles. Numerous world events translated into a tough economic climate for many non-profit organizations, including VQC. Fabricland Distributors Inc. and the Ontario Trillium Foundation provided essential capital and operating funds. With this support, the organization was able to worry less about funding and concentrate more on the making and delivery of quilts. This has always been our main focus and the acquisition of the new quilting frames and machines enabled us to provide more quilts to more people in a more timely fashion.
Growth has continued since 2006. Twenty-four Branches now operate across Canada, and twenty Friends Groups make and distribute quilts in the National Office area and to all parts of Canada not currently served by a Branch. In its early years, the Friends Groups in the National Office area were the mainstay of the organization, producing the larger portion of quilts that were distributed. By 2010, production had shifted, with more than half of the quilts being made in the Branches, at a local level.
A very special highlight in 2007 was the delivery of VQC's 10,000th quilt. It had taken ten years to reach this milestone. Three years later, however, the number of quilts delivered across Canada had more than doubled and, in November 2011, the 25,000th quilt was delivered to someone living in Prince Edward Island. In April 2016, VQC reached a new milestone with the delivery of its 50,000th quilt to someone living in Ottawa.
In 2009, VQC created the new Youth Initiatives Program to harness the enthusiasm and power of youth. Groups of young people met on a continuing basis in their high schools or rehabilitation centres to tie and pin quilts, preparing them for the final binding and labelling step, which was then done by VQC's regular member volunteers. The program proved to be a winning proposition, as VQC benefited from an increased supply of quilts, and the young people were able to earn the volunteer credits necessary for high school graduation.
In 2010, the Ontario Trillium Foundation bestowed a very generous grant to accelerate the program's expansion in the Ottawa area during 2011 and 2012, then extended it into 2013. As a result, the program expanded from 5 groups in 2009 to 19 groups in 2014. A milestone to expand the program by involving some 250 students in various groups was also surpassed with the participation of more than 300 students.
The year 2011 was financially challenging, and many changes were implemented in the subsequent two-year period. Financial and accounting practices were tightened, as were budgeting and fundraising activities. Progress was also made in registering our activities in all provinces.
In 2012, the National Office of VQC moved from its previous location (Betty Giffin’s basement) to its current rented site in Heartwood House, a non-profit, charitable organization that provides affordable, supportive accommodation to 18 non-profit organizations in Ottawa.
In 2013, registration of the VQC trademark was complete. In addition, two new Branches were opened: one in Moosomin (Saskatchewan), the other in Neepawa (Manitoba).
Changes continued in 2014, including establishment of new financial standards for the Branches and the National Office. We also retained the services of an accountant to prepare our yearly financial statements and provide advice, as required. Some Branches were retired and a new Branch opened up in Tignish, Prince Edward Island. This was also the year that National held its first Gayle Madely Memorial Quilt-a-thon to honour Gayle Madely, wife of Steve Madely, a well-known radio personality in Ottawa and long-time supporter of VQC. Gayle was a VQC quilt recipient and found great comfort in her quilt. This event was repeated the next year.
In 2015, VQC continued to grow and expand. Another new Branch opened in Woodstock/Oxford, Ontario and a new, bilingual website was launched. The latter included an online form for requesting quilts to help streamline and manage the increasing demand.
Production and distribution of quilts remain centre stage. VQC is fortunate to have an army of volunteers that works tirelessly behind the scenes: board members, quilt packers and quilt deliverers, group and branch leaders, administrative volunteers and fundraisers.
As founder Betty Giffin continues to say, "With the help of our volunteers, the community and blessings from above, we will continue to provide comfort, both physical and spiritual, to those struggling with cancer, and we will continue to grow until the day that cancer is no longer with us."


Photographers: Reed Bontecou from the Burns Collection
Civil war portraiture of surgeon Reed Bontecou at Harewood Army Hospital, Washington, D.C., 1865 from the Burns Collection. Reed Bontecou was responsible for pioneering, and taking, the largest number of photographs of wounded soldiers during the Civil War and was the single largest contributor of photographs and specimens to the Army Medical Museum and medical publications of the time. His close up images of surgery, anesthesia, and patients posing with their pathological specimens were unique to his time. Many photographs are of patients pre- and post- operation, views of patients showing the progression of specific treatments, or the various stages of diseases. After the war he organized his photographs into albums laying them out, anatomically from head to foot wounds, and loosely alphabetically by soldier’s name.
Bontecou’s images are beautifully posed, and the sitters seem almost serene in his gaze, elevating clinical photography to an art form. They speak a universal language of war, or rather, what it can do in human terms. Bontecou was a master of exposing the nature of the sitter. Beyond the wounds, the amputations, and the gangrene, the subject is presented as naturally as possible. It should be noted that smiling in photographs during this early period was very rare and the subject put on his best expression. Some images are further enhanced by Bontecou’s own red pen, detailing the trajectory of the bullet that impacted on the patient. These images, with the hand drawn lines, were part of his personal Harewood Hospital teaching album.


Yesterday was our last day of vacation before we both go back to work today and it was a day full of travel, both in a literal sense and in an educational sense. We started with a very early wake-up call at 6:00 AM so we could grab a quick bite of buffet breakfast before our departure from the Freedom of the Seas around 7:15 AM. The departure was handled well, we got our bags quickly and we didn’t have any problems at customs. However, it was sad to leave the giant ship behind which had acted as our home for the past week.
After we cleared customs we started on our last excursion through the cruise, a quick trip north on a bus to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. We arrived just before they opened at 9:00 AM and stood next to a group who held their hands over their hearts as the American anthem was played at opening. Once we were through the gates Karen, our guide, took us for a tour through the rocket garden, a display of spare and mocked-up rockets and capsules from the Gemini, Mercury and Apollo space programs. After the rocket garden we were taken for a brief tour through an exhibit further outlining the missions for this period.
Our group was then taken to the new, still under construction space shuttle museum where the shuttle Atlantis will be exhibited starting this summer. Already open is the space shuttle launch simulator and if there’s one thing that NASA does a terrific job with (beyond all of the rocket space stuff) it’s their simulators. This example held 45 people and tilted us until our back was lying horizontal on our seat and rocked us around, simulating the launch and g-force effects.
After our time in the simulator we boarded a bus for a tour of the grounds, driving past the historic launch pad 39A where the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon was launched from along with several other Apollo and Space Shuttle missions. We also saw the massive vehicle assembly building (VAB) and several less massive alligators. Our guide was good but also very patriotic, trying the entire time to convince us that the shuttle program was cancelled because the mission was over, not because of any budget/safety issues.
After the tour of the grounds we stopped at the museum dedicated to the Apollo Moon missions and the massive Saturn V rocket. There we were presented with another excellent simulator, this time for an Apollo rocket launch from the KSC control center perspective. Afterwards we had lunch, touched a moon rock took many pictures of the enormous Saturn V rocket and browsed the gift shop before leaving the famous spaceport.
It was then a one hour jaunt to Orlando where we boarded our flight for Minneapolis and then home. It’s always unfortunate for a vacation to be over but it’s also always nice to be home after a long absence. Have a good week everyone!
Jason & Alix