The museum has an exceptional collection of exhibits on display discovered during the excavations. These archaeological artefacts are spread across three main rooms named after the archaeologists who made their mark on Ensérune (Salle Sigal, Salle Mouret and Salle Jannoray). Ensérune is one of the most remarkable Gallic sites in Languedoc. Multiple influences have left their mark on it (Iberian, Celtic, Greek, Italic, etc.). Excavations that started at the beginning of the 20th century have shed light on an important necropolis and inhabited areas, with many houses showing traces of various periods of occupation. You can discover these remains for yourself by exploring the site.
* Dernière chance de visite jusqu'au 13 octobre 2019
L’équipe du Site archéologique et musée d’Ensérune vous informe :
REPRISE DES TRAVAUX D’ADDUCTION D’EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT
REOUVERTURE DU PARC JARDIN PROGRAMMEE AU MOIS DE FEVRIER 2020 et le MUSEE EN JUIN 2021


The ECW World Heavyweight Championship was a professional wrestling world heavyweight championship in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was the original world title of the Extreme Championship Wrestling promotion, later used in WWE as the world title of the ECWbrand and one of three in WWE, complementing the WWE Championship and World Heavyweight Championship. It was introduced as the ECW Heavyweight Championship on April 25, 1992. Originally a part of the Eastern Championship Wrestling promotion, which joined the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) on September 18, 1993. It was established as a world heavyweight championship in August 1994 following the promotion's secession from the NWA. The promotion became Extreme Championship Wrestling and the title became the ECW World Heavyweight Championship. It remained active until April 11, 2001 when ECW was closed and WWE subsequently purchased its assets. WWE relaunched ECW as a WWE brand in June 2006 with the title being recommissioned and designated as the ECW brand's world title. The brand dissolved February 16, 2010, rendering the title inactive.
The championship was contested in professional wrestling matches, in which participants execute scripted finishes rather than contend in direct competition. All title changes occurred at ECW or WWE shows. The inaugural champion was Jimmy Snuka, who defeated Salvatore Bellomo in a tournament final on April 25, 1992 to become the first ECW Heavyweight Champion. WWE, however, does not recognize ECW Heavyweight Championship reigns from April 1992 through August 1994. Instead they recognize Shane Douglas' second reign, which originally began on March 26, 1994, but is recognized as starting on August 27, 1994 – the same day the championship was renamed the ECW World Heavyweight Championship – as the inception of the title's history. The Sandman holds the record for most reigns, with five. At 406 days, Douglas' fourth reign is the longest in the title's history. Ezekiel Jackson's only reign was the shortest in the history of the title as it was retired as soon as he won it. He defeated the previous champion, Christian, on February 16, 2010 at an ECW television taping event. Overall, there have been 49 reigns shared between 32 wrestlers, with one vacancy, and 2 deactivations.


The iconic Hollywood sign has sat atop the star studded area since the early 1920s, and now the original “H” has been incorporated into a unique piece of Marilyn Monroe-themed artwork.
The sign was first erected in 1923 and originally read “HOLLYWOODLAND”, as an advertisement for a residential development in the Hollywood Hills area. Intended to last for just a year and a half, it gained international recognition and the decision was made to keep the sign.
The letter H from the sign was famously destroyed, after its caretaker, Albert Kothe, drunkenly drove his car through it in the early 1940s. The letter has now been transformed into a brilliant piece of art.
Created by Bill Mack, The Gentleman’s H is a mixed media, acrylic and oil work depicting Hollywood’s favourite leading ladies Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. It features three sections of the original sign panel, which have been reconstructed to a proportionally correct version of the complete letter, and mounted on to metal tubing.
With an image of the iconic sign serving as the background, it is expected to sell for $150,000-250,000.


The predominantly Norman tower of Morville Church has contained bells for as far back as the local records go. In medieval times it was known that there were four bells. These were mentioned in an inventory of parish property dated 1539 following the dissolution of the monasteries, by which time Morville’s Benedictine Priory had already fallen into a ruinous state. These four bells were recorded again in a survey of Shropshire bells of 1730, but in 1759 the parish splashed out on a brand new set of six, cast in Gloucester by the famous Rudhall Foundry. These were hung in a locally built oak frame. In 1854 the tenor (largest) bell cracked and was recast by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London. These six bells were in regular use for almost 200 years until the mid1950’s at which point the condition of the frame and fittings led to them being declared unringable.
The bells were silent, despite several attempts to launch restoration schemes. Then in 2006 a small group of enthusiastic villagers decided that they would like to learn to ring and get the bells going again. They began to take lessons a nearby tower and launched a campaign to raise many tens of thousands of pounds for the project. Thankfully it turned out to be a hugely successful appeal. During 2007/8 a total of over £100,000 was amassed from the fundraising, personal donations and grants. So in May 2009 the six original bells were restored and reinstated on a new steel frame. Two new bells were also added to make the tower an eight-bell tower. The end result is a very fine set of bells that are rung from the new first floor ringing chamber, attracting ringers from all over the country.
If you are interested in ringing the Morville Bells please contact the Tower Captain, Ian Rowe (01746 714357).


Today, in honor of Independence Day, I've decided to share something a little different than I normally do. The following is a narration written by my friend Matthew McCord for a performance of the "Hymn to the Fallen." It touches my heart in a profound way, and I hope that it will move you as well. Today, may we remember and celebrate as a nation what it means to have courage beyond our fears to stand for what is right.
"To those visionary patriots who gathered in Philadelphia to announce to the world for the first time the uniquely American ideal that we do believe that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights:
Today we remember you.
To those who were among the first to give their lives for liberty at Bunker Hill; to those who stood with one General Washington that winter at Valley Forge; to those who drove tyranny from American soil for the last time at Yorktown: Today we remember you.
To that brilliant collective of minds that gathered once again at that miracle in Philadelphia to pen the credo of American freedom, the United States Constitution, forever establishing a government of the people: Today we remember you.
To those who, in our nation's darkest hour, fought brother against brother and friend against friend, in that contest to determine whether a nation conceived in liberty can long endure; to those who fought to bring a new birth of freedom to this the last best hope of mankind on earth: Today we remember you.
To those who stood in the trenches of World War I, fighting oppression on foreign shores, and to those who, some twenty years later, perished at Pearl Harbor; to those who fought in the theater of the South Pacific at Manila, Luzon, and Midway; to those who raised the flag on Iwo Jima; and to those brave souls, who, with courage beyond their fears, stormed the beaches of Normandy, securing freedom for an entire world in what we now know as our nation's greatest generation: Today we remember you.
To those fought in Korea; to those who made the ultimate sacrifice in Vietnam for the truth that democracy and freedom are no longer uniquely American ideas, but that they are engraved on the hearts of all men: Today we remember you.
To those who stand in the sands of the middle east: You send a message that no tyrant, no terrorist, no one who opposes freedom will ever be safe as long as there is a United States of America.
Because with a light that shines from 1776 to today, the torch of freedom has been passed from generation to American generation, and today, as always, the United States of America is a shining city on a hill.
But those of us who live in the land of the free and the home of the brave, we are free because you were brave. Look home from Heaven heroes. The Star Spangled Banner still waves.
So, to all who have pledged their allegiance with your blood, with your sacrifice, with your lives, from the heart of a grateful nation, in the most simple but honest words we have, we say, "thank you."
Today, we remember you. May we never, ever, forget."


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Most of the storage boxes are manufactured at the CXD Timecare Works factory in Bedford with others made by our sister company in France. All of our storage boxes have been designed in partnership with clients for the safe long-term storage and preservation of books, documents, newspapers, artworks and photographs. A key figure in the development of the CXD box range is Christopher Clarkson who developed an integrated box, folder and envelope system in 1981 when he was the Conservation Officer at the Bodleian Library in Oxford. Stuart Welch, the founder of CXD, worked with Christopher to develop an improved range of papers and boards from which to produce the Clarkson system. This was the beginning of the CXD Premier Duo’ Archival Folding Boxboard range and Heritage Archival pHotokraft’ papers.More information on the Clarkson/Bodleian system and its history can be found on our web site.
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Vydehi School of Excellence, a premier school in Bangalore, celebrated Republic day on 24 January with great enthusiasm and enchanting spirit. The children participated actively in the Republic Day celebrations held on 24th January. The theme of the Special Assembly (Republic Day) was “Unity in Diversity”. The preamble of our Constitution was read out by the students. The idea was to inform all the students about our country’s constitution that paved the whole design for our country’s future.
Republic Day Celebrations in Vydehi Primary School witnessed most students of Vydehi School of Excellence wear Gandhi Topi that added a white color tone to the whole assembly section. Gandhi Topi is an indicative of the Swadeshi Movement happened in India, in the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi himself. In Swadeshi movement, Gandhiji and his followers boycotted foreign goods and In Gandhiji’s opinion the white Topi was light and elegant and it gradually evolved as a symbol of India and nationalism. To remind those times and passion of independence struggle, many of our students also wore Indian clothes such as Kurta and Pyjama.
To wear such ethnic outfits was the idea of teachers in VSE as it will help to light up the memory of our great freedom fighters. The preamble of our Constitution was read out by the students. Many children also wore outfits that had Indian flag’s tri-color on them. They also wore badges on their outfits with labels such as ‘justice, ‘liberty’ and ‘fraternity’ imprinted on them. These concepts echoed the slogans of our independence struggle. The assembly concluded with a beautiful song “Mile Sur Mera Tumhara” sung by the students. Vydehi School of Excellence believes in reminding the future generations of the struggles their ancestors had gone through to make our country a free paradise. Such school activities help to create awareness about our great freedom struggle in new generation.It is very important for the future generation to know the past because it enlightens them to act responsibly and stand for national causes.


Authors: Ivan Kanchev, Ivomir Kolev, Mario Mishev (BULGARIAN HISTORY NGO)
Edition: First Edition
Published: February, 2018
The book Bulgarian History in 100 destinations is the third part of the popular science series of BG Uchebnik, published in Bulgarian. The first and the second parts are dedicated to 100 personalities who have contributed to Bulgaria’s development and 100 events which have happened in Bulgaria or are directly related to it.
The current book continues the work of the previous two and presents 100 historical destinations. Various places linked to Bulgarian history are included – towns, villages and cities, fortresses and monasteries, museums and natural landscapes.
Without a doubt, this book is for everyone who wishes to know Bulgaria, its history and sights!


Former Georgia President Eduard Shevardnadze has died aged 86
His aide Marina Davitashvili said he had passed away on Monday after a long illness.
In 1992 he became the head of state of Georgia after it broke away from the Soviet Union.
He led the country out of instability and civil war but in November 2003 was toppled in the “Rose Revolution” sparked by opposition allegations of irregularities in parliamentary polls.
Born in 1928 in the city of Lanchkhuti, Mr Shevardnadze joined the Communist Party’s youth movement in 1946 and became the party’s head in Georgia in 1972.
In 1985, he was appointed foreign minister of the Soviet Union under reformist leader Mikhail Gorbachev and was credited with helping end the Cold War.
Mr Gorbachev told the Russian Ekho Moskvy radio station that Mr Shevardnadze was a “very capable, talented man, very much predisposed to working with people, with all strata of society”.
Mr Shevardnadze resigned from the post of foreign minister in 1990 before briefly taking it up again in 1991 as the country was disintegrating.
After returning to Georgia he managed to quell a civil war but was seen as having failed to tackle corruption in his time as president.
He spent his final years in a quiet retirement in the capital, Tbilisi.


St. Osyth itself is steeped in history: there is evidence of both Bronze Age and Roman settlements in the Parish, and we boast 116 listed buildings.
Our Society was founded in 1995, and at present we have just fewer than 100 members. Subscriptions are currently £15 per annum but this includes entry to the monthly meetings as well as some of the many organised trips. Single meeting visitors are encouraged at a charge of £3.50 per visit. The programme includes talks on various historical topics – many relevant to our locality.
Meetings are held in St. Osyth Village Hall on the second Thursday of each month at 7 p.m. The Annual General Meeting being held in March.
A highlight of each year is the two-day exhibition, which is based on a special theme relevant to the district. Recent exhibition titles have been ‘Pubs Past and Present’, ‘Childhood Days’, Toosey Trade and Tradesmen’, ‘Farms and Farming Life’, ‘Sea and Shore’, ‘Bygone Leisure, Pleasure & Pastimes’, ‘The Long Years of War’.
The Society also runs the St. Osyth Social History Museum which houses artefacts, maps, documents and hundreds of old photographs of the village. All items are carefully stored, thus safeguarding them for future generations. Due to its small size there is no room for a permanent display, but Open Days are advertised. Family historians making use of school registers, burial records and census returns etc regularly use the museum for research.
For an appointment to visit the museum please contact: Miss Phyllis Hendy, 1, Johnson Road, St. Osyth, Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, CO16 8PL. (01255 820524)
The Society officers currently are:
Chairman: Sean O’Dell.
Vice-Chairman and Secretary: Mrs Josephine Cole, 98, Colchester Road, St Osyth, CO16 8HB (telephone 01255 821759).
Treasurer: Mr Nick Lee.
Membership Secretary: Catherine Pollard.
Programme Secretary: Joy Clinton
Museum Archivist: Miss Phyll Hendy
The Society is a Registered Charity. Registration number 1059097.


During the pivotal 1970’s, David Reiser, associate professor at Ohio University’s College of Fine Arts – Architecture, was seeking a permanent location for his newly formed architectural firm. An abandoned 1920’s electrical substation was ripe for retrofitting. As part of a communal effort, David and his students re-envisioned the existing structure and then participated in the construction of the iconic home of RVC Architects. Many of the features of the building are fundamental in the modern green movement and are evident in:
- Waste reduction by reusing locally salvaged materials
- Minimal building site impact
- Passive solar design
- Clearstory windows
The building was completed in 1975 and won recognition by Progressive Architecture and the Southeastern Ohio Preservation Society.
During the early 1980’s, John Valentour and David Callahan joined the firm as full partners. As experts in their respective areas of architecture, the firm expanded and maintained an ardent clientele.
In 2014, the firm was entrusted to long standing and faithful employees willing to maintain the high standards and unique values of the three original founders.


CUNY chancellor tours Holocaust center at Queensborough Community College
CUNY Chancellor Félix V. Matos Rodríguez took a tour of Queensborough Community College’s (QCC) Harriet and Kenneth Kupferberg Holocaust Center in Bayside on Thursday, April 7.
He was accompanied by QCC President Christine Mangino; executive director of the Kupferberg Holocaust Center (KHC) Laura B. Cohen; Holocaust survivor and current chairman of the KHC advisory board Manfred Korman; Associate Director at the Kupferberg Holocaust Center Marisa Hollywood; and Dr. Cary Lane of the school’s Department of Academic Literacy, among others.
The exhibit, “The Concentration Camps: Inside the Nazi System of Incarceration and Genocide,” focuses on the complexity of the mechanism of Nazi terror and extermination and explores the broader ramifications of prejudice, racism and stereotyping. In order to better convey the physical feeling of the ghettos and concentration camps, some of the walls in the building had were made from bricks and wood. Additionally, an iron gate at the entrance of the exhibit symbolizes those found at entrances to concentration camps.
According to Cohen, many of the students prefer physical exhibits compared to reading about people, places or things related to the Holocaust online.
“You can’t just read or write about the Final Solution in one sentence,” Cohen said. Interpersonal connection has proven to be a great way to draw their attention.
According to Hollywood, a big challenge had been making the students better relate to the atrocities committed, as they happened so far away from New York City. Bringing in artifacts from the Holocaust for the exhibit and survivors to speak to the students has proven effective at drawing their interest.
“Many of these survivors were teenagers or children then,” Hollywood said. “Students can relate to that.” Recorded interviews the school had done with 13 Holocaust survivors in February 2020 are available to be viewed at the exhibit. In them, each survivor described their experience at the camps and the aftermath.


The facility carries historic Cherokee Nation Principal Chief John Ross’s Cherokee name, Cooweescoowee, which is a type of bird. Ross is the longest serving chief of the Cherokee Nation, leading the Cherokees from 1828 to 1866 and across the Trail of Tears. Cooweescoowee is also the name of the northwestern historic district of the Cherokee Nation.
Scope of Service:
Family medicine, full lab services, optometry, dental, behavioral health, pharmacy with drive-thru, radiology, disease prevention and more.
Hours of Operation:
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395200 W 2900 Rd.
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Toll Free: 877-293-4271


Tonight Chris took the troop to learn more about Railroading. We started our trip by heading to the SLRR Rolling Museum (http://maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Tropical%20Sands/139/195/21). The location has some great locomotives on display and you can see some interesting work by some of SL’s illustrious train builders, as well as read info about the RL locomotives.
After reading on the history of some famous locomotives we headed to one of the oldest RR Sims in SL. The SLRR VRC (http://maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/Anilis/212/50/102).
By earning this badge, Scouts can learn about the history of railroading, its place in modern society, careers in railroading, and hobbies related to railroading.
It was awesome to explore this multi Sim railroad network and appreciate the hard work put into building this SL transportation system as well as the detailed locomotives built in SL.


From Donnybrook: A History. By Dr. Beatrice Doran. Dublin: The History Press, 2013.
There are very few records from 1630 until the eighteenth century in relation to the development of a Catholic parish at Donnybrook. In 1615 The Catholic Church in Kilkenny held a Provincial Synod where it was decided, among other things, to re-constitute the parishes in Dublin. From 1617 to 1787 Booterstown, Blackrock, Stillorgan, Kilmacud and Dundrum, were all pre-Reformation sub parishes of Donnybrook. In the eighteenth century the Archbishop of Dublin, John Troy, created a parish consisting of Booterstown, Blackrock, Stillorgan and Dundrum. Donnybrook retained Ballsbridge, Ringsend and Irishtown, and a Fr Nicholson was appointed parish priest. Shortly afterwards Archbishop Troy decided a new chapel was needed in Donnybrook and he appointed Fr Peter Clinch to the parish. A new chapel for Catholics was built in 1787 beside the Protestant Church of St Mary In Donnybrook Graveyard, and it too was called St Mary’s. The wall of this church is the wall dividing the graveyard from the Garda Station in the village. This church remained in use until the Church of the Sacred Heart, the present Catholic Church, opened in 1866 facing the site of the Donnybrook Fair, now the home of Bective and Old Wesley Rugby Football Clubs. During the years when there was no Catholic Church in Donnybrook,the Old Catholic families like the Fitzwilliams, the Archbolds, and the Wolverstons, provided sanctuary for priests who celebrated Mass in the chapels attached to their homes.
The boundaries of Donnybrook parish have changed dramatically over the centuries. It once included not only Sandymount and Ringsend, but also Haddington Road, Dundrum, Booterstown and Blackrock. According to the Census of 1831, the Catholic population of Donnybrook was about 8,000 people, most of them living in great poverty. In the 1840s it was decided that the Catholic church in the graveyard was not sufficiently large for the growing Catholic population of Donnybrook. Monsignor Andrew O’Connell, was appointed by the Archbishop of Dublin, to the combined parishes of Donnybrook, Irishtown, Ringsend and Sandymount. in 1849, he began a building campaign to replace the old churches with new ones. Dr O’Connell acquired a new site on the right bank of the River Dodder, facing the old Fair Green, as a location for the new Catholic Church for Donnybrook. Work on the new church, which was to be dedicated to the Sacred Heart, began in 1860. The foundation stone was blessed and laid on the 12 June 1863 by Archbishop Paul Cullen. It has been said that it was built in reparation for the sins of intemperance, and the violent and righteous behaviour which was common at the Donnybrook Fair over the centuries. The new Catholic church cost approximately £ 7,000 to build. The original architect was Patrick Byrne (1783‑1864), but he had to resign due to ill health in 1863. Pugin and Ashlin, a well known firm of Dublin architects who were in partnership from 1860 to 1868, then took over. Edward Welby Pugin (1834‑1875) was the son of Augustus Welby Pugin (1812‑1852), the well-known church architect. George Coppinger Ashlin (1837‑1921) had married Edward Pugin’s sister, Mary Pugin (1844‑1933), so there was a family connection between the two. The builder of Donnybrook church was Michael Meade, a wellknown Dublin builder, who constructed a number of important buildings around Dublin, together with many houses at the Merrion Road end of Ailesbury Road.
The Church of the Sacred Heart was built of granite with Bath stone dressings. It was highly ornamental in character and the internal dimensions are 148ft in length by 58ft in width. The aisles of the church are separated from the nave by an arcade of six arches that rest on polished Cork marble shafts, with carved Caen stone capitals. The opening ceremony took place on 26 August 1866, which was the same date that the Donnybrook Fair normally started. The church contains a beautiful rose window in the west gable and there are some lovely stained-glass windows (St Malachi and St Bernard) by Harry Clarke and Michael Healy (St Patrick, St Eithne, and St Feidhlim). A Mrs Jury of Greenfield presented the Stations of the Cross to the Church in 1887 and Mrs Catherine Dignam presented the High Altar, in memory of her husband. The Altar of Our Lady was a gift from William McDermott Fitzgibbon while John R. Corballis of Roebuck presented the windows over the Sacred Heart Statue. Other benefactors were the Egan and Martin families who presented the windows of St Rita and St Bernard.
At a meeting held in 1912 to raise funds for the completion of the Church of the Sacred Heart, it was decided to erect a tower instead of the spire that was in the original design of the church. Many might
have preferred a steeple for the top of the church, but a tower was considered a much safer proposition. The tower was completed at the cost of £1,200. In 1915, Monsignor Dunne took over the parish building debt of £3,000. Through the generosity of parishioners, and with the proceeds of a bazaar, the debt was cleared. There was also money left over to be used for improvements to the church and, as a memorial to his predecessor, Cannon Gossan, Monsignor Dunne used portion of this money to install electric light in the church. It is interesting that the Church of the Sacred Heart was not consecrated until 1923, when the parish debt was cleared!
On 19 July 1923, Revd Dr Edward J. Byrne, Archbishop of Dublin, consecrated a stone cross which had been found in the old Donnybrook Graveyard when the road was widened. This probably belonged to the earlier church,which was located in the old graveyard in the centre of the village. In 1936 the old stone cross was incorporated on the top of a wall of the new extension to the church. The architect for the extension was W.H. Byrne and Sons and t it was built by W & J. Bolger the well known Dublin builders whose family continue to live on Eglinton Road to this very day. The extension consists of two transepts, which have a capacity of 700, together with a baptistery and a mortuary chapel.
The present-day parish of the Sacred Heart extends from the south side of Ranelagh Road to the RDS Ballsbridge and from Belfield to Leeson Street Bridge.
Parish Priests Since 1849
|Very. Rev.Dr. Andrew (Dean) O’Connell
|Very. Rev. Michael (Canon) Doyle
|Very. Rev.Charles (Canon) Horris
|Very Rev. Pierce (Canon) Gossan
|Rt.Rev. James (Dean) Dunne, V.G.
|Very Rev. Daniel (Canon) Molony
|Very Rev. Timothy Condon
|Very Rev. Cyril P. Crean
|Most Rev. Bishop A. Joseph Carroll D.D.
|Rt.Rev.Monsignor Richard Sherry D.D.
|Very Rev. Patrick Carroll
|Very Rev. Martin Clarke
Thank you to Dr. Beatrice Doran for the kind permission to publish this extract from here book ‘Donnybrook: A History’ : The History Press, 2013.


Washington’s business district may become a historic business district. The National Road Heritage Corridor made a partnership with the Washington Business District Authority and the Washington Community Development Corp. This partnership aims to have the city’s central business district designed as a National Register Historic District. Moreover, the organization organized a workshop on Tuesday to talk about the benefits of the designation. The workshop had a discussion about this with business and property owners. Donna Holdorf, executive director of the National Road Heritage Corridor, said this is a competitive advantage when we’re trying to attract developers and new property owners.
The Heritage corridor hired a historic preservation planner with the independent Clio Consulting of Pittsburgh Angelique Bamberg. Bamberg did a survey on the business districts over the summer. Angelique found boundaries for the potential historic district register. Also, Bamberg submitted a draft nomination to the state’s Historic Preservation Office. Bamberg said the district would include a total of 162 properties. Out of the 162 properties, 138 are buildings. Moreover, the boundaries would primarily follow the lines of the central business district. This boundary will include the railroad tracks on South Main Street up to Walnut Street, and from Franklin Street to College Street.
Bamberg said that she would make the nomination available to the public after the revision. The nomination will then go to the state’s historic preservation board in Harrisburg. The national park service will review the nomination before declaring it a part of the permanent record of American history. According to Bill Callahan, the community preservation coordinator for the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, the Thursday meeting eliminated the myths about district designation on national registers. The stakeholders and property owners had a fear of losing the ability to do whatever they want with their properties. However, the designated historic district does not restrict the management of properties by owners. The meeting cleared many misconceptions about the historic property. Washington has a very long history going back to the 18th century. This program will be a great way to identify assets and create tourism areas within the community.


Carmel Reformed Church Rock Valley, Iowa
In the late 1800’s a group of Dutch immigrants settled in the northwest part of Sioux County, Iowa. Religious freedom and worship were very important to them. They began attending First Reformed Church in Sioux Center, which was seven or eight miles away. Since they traveled by horse and buggy, this was not an easy trip. On May 3rd, 1895, a severe tornado struck the area. There was much destruction and many lives were lost. After such a tragedy, the pioneer families felt the need more than ever to have their own local church.
Rev. De Pree, Pastor of the First Reformed Church of Sioux Center, chose to make work of the matter and presented it before the Classis of Iowa. The Dutch settlers were encouraged by the people in their area and soon their hopes and dreams were realized. The Carmel Reformed Church was organized on July 18, 1895. The charter members numbered 27 with 70 baptized members.
A parsonage was built in 1895-1896. The church was built in 1896 and was erected in the same area where the present-day church now stands. Carmel was the name chosen for the church from many submitted. It was suggested by Rev. Te Selle because the church is on a hill and reminds one of the victory of Elijah on Mt. Carmel (I Kings 18:20-42).
This church building served the Carmel congregation well until it was destroyed by fire in January 1916. The fire, starting in the sanctuary, was due to an overheated furnace duct and quickly spread throughout the building. The entire building was destroyed but fortunately the men of the church, through heroic effort, were able to save the pews and organ.
The members of the congregation, undaunted by their misfortune and loss, immediately set about making plans to re-build their church. Through unity of purpose and spirit, enough money was collected to build a new church building and it was erected in the summer of 1916. While construction was going on, services were held in the church barn and used the furniture that had been salvaged from the fire.
This building served the congregation well. As the congregation grew, various additions and extensive remodeling projects were done. In 1964, a new parsonage was built. It has undergone various updates and remodeling projects and is still in use today.
In 1995, Carmel celebrated its centennial, 100 years of God’s faithfulness.
In the late 1990’s, the needs of the congregation were again discussed and a building committee was formed. They recommended constructing a new building rather than remodeling the old. In December 1999, the building project was approved and would begin when 60% of the total cost was received.
In June of 2003, we broke ground and construction began on the new building just east of the old building. Countless hours of volunteer labor, hard work, and dedication were put in by many individuals. Exactly one year later, construction was completed and the congregation walked from the old building to the new one and began worshipping there.
The new building was dedicated to the Glory of God on July 25, 2004. Through hard work and generous giving, we were able to pay off our mortgage in five years. A mortgage burning ceremony took place on July 19, 2009.
Carmel has always been a mission-minded church and after our building project, we broadened our emphasis on mission. We expanded our Partner in Mission Shares and added several new mission projects which we continue to support. An Outreach Fund was started to assist those going on mission trips and a 15-passenger church van was purchased. As the various programs in our church continued to expand and grow, we began to explore the need for a multi-purpose building. In 2011, a fund was started to raise money for a future multi-purpose building.
Today, as a rural congregation, Carmel Reformed Church continues to draw its members from several surrounding communities. As we look back, we realize we have much for which to give thanks. The Lord has richly blessed us as a congregation and we praise Him for his faithfulness. We pray that we may continue to be faithful in all things so that “the Glory of God may endure forever”, and that we may be Bound in God’s Love.


Safe, fast and lightweight
In 1904, Orville Wright made the world’s first controlled and sustained flight in a powered aircraft. He flew a total of 23 metres. For the time, it was a breathtaking event. Less than a year later, his brother, Wilbur, flew over a kilometer. One hundred and fifteen years later, I flew 10,722 kilometers from Paris to Singapore. As far as firsts in aviation goes, It was far from breathtaking. It was totally normal, and just one of dozens of flights to arrive in Singapore that day, as they have been doing for years.


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ko kupe te tupuna
ko rahiri te tupuna
te whare o ngapuhi nui tonu
Te Whare o Ngapuhi Nui Tonu
Ko Papatuanuku te Paparahi
Ko nga Maunga nga Poupou
Ko te Rangi e titiro iho nei te Tuanui
The Earth is the floor = Papatuanuku
The Mountains are the supports = Nga Pou Irirangi
The Sky above is the Roof = Te Rangi
The epic story of Ngapuhi unfolds down the generations, beginning in a distant time and place, with an incident that is at once both ordinary & extraordinary.
This time was approximately 20 generations before
the great navigator who discovered Aotearoa - New Zealand, with another two or three generations before the great migration to these shores. The place was Hawaiki, which is sometimes described as a mythical place, although it most certainly existed even if we no longer know its exact location.
derived from the chieftainess
who gave birth to a child known by 3 names,
Puhikaiariki, Puhimoanariki & Puhitaniwharau -
these 3 names collectively give rise to the plural
All waka with
whakapapa landed in
and spread out from there. So it is that we
claim a tribal area whose boundaries are described in the following whakatauki or proverb.
'Te Whare o Ngapuhi, Tamaki Makaurau ki Te Rerenga Wairua.
Ko nga paatu ko Ngati Whatua, Te Rarawa, Te Aupouri, Ngati Kahu, Ngapuhi ki roto.
Ko nga Rarangi Maunga nga Poutokomanawa i hikia te Tahuhu o Te Whare o Ngapuhi'
The house of Ngapuhi stretches from Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland) in the south to Cape Reinga in the north.
Its walls are the sub-tribes: Ngati Whatua in the south, Te Rarawa in the west, Te Aupouri in the north & Ngati Kahu in the east
Ngapuhi holds the centre of the house &
The mountains of significance with Ngapuhi are the pillars of poupou, which hold the ridgepole aloft.
Ko Kupe te Tupuna
Kupe left Hawaiki in his waka
and travelled in search of the fish of his ancestor,
He chased Te wheke Muturangi (a great octopus) during this search. While approaching what Kupe believed to be Te-Ika-a-Maui, the wife of Kupe,
, saw the Southern Alps from a distance. She thought they were a cloud (an indication of land) and exclaimed " He ao!, He ao!" ("A cloud!, a cloud!"). As they drew closer she exclaimed " He aotea, he aotearoa!" ( "A cloud, a long white cloud!"). From this, the name is given to this new land.
Kupe continued to chase the giant wheke around many places of Aotearoa, fianlly defeating it at the entrance to
(Queen Charlotte Sound) at
Kura Te Au
(Troy Channel). He struck Te wheke with his toki name
Te Raka Tuu whenua
. He then changed weapons to a great patu made of whale bone and finally defeated Te wheke.
Kupe travelled around Aotearoa naming many places along the way. In particular he named two islands in
(Wellington) after two of his daughters
Matiu & Makaro
Kupe finally returned to the harbour that became known as Hokianga. At this place he turned his son
into a taniwha and threw him into a spring which he called
Te Puna o Te Ao Marama
, to act as a kaitiaki (guardian) of this newly discovered land. He then uttered the fomous whakatuaki from which the harbour gained its name;
"Hei konei ra, e Te Puna o Te Ao Marama. Ka hoki nei tenei, e kore e hoki anga nui mai".
"Farewell, Spring of the The world of Light. This one is going home and will not return again"
On his arrival back in Hawaiki, there was a great war raging and Nukutaawhiti asked his grandfather Kupe for the great waka
to take his people away to the new land of Aotearoa. kupe agreed and Nukutaawhiti asked that the waka be re-fitted to take more people.
Two toki pounamu were used to re-fit the waka for its return journey. These toki were named
(a small bladed toki) also known as
(a wide bladed toki also named
At the completion of the re-fit, karakia were done to release the mana of the old commader (Kupe) from the Matawhaorua and to replace it with the mana of the new commander (Nukutaawhiti). The waka then became known as the Nga Toki Matawhaorua (Ngatokimatawhaorua) to recognise the original name and the contribution of Nga toki in its re-fit.
The waka was made tapu by Kupe and was not able to carry kai, so a sister waka was found to accompany it on the journey. This was the
(married to Niwa, the sister of Nukutawhiti).
Kupe gave 4 taniwha to Nukutaawhiti and Ruanui to accompany them on their journey
Puhi Moana Ariki
Rangi Uru Hinga
Four other 'wairua' taniwha were sent with the waka;
Te hiko-o-te-rangi (Lightning of the sky)
Mahere-tu-ki-te-rangi (Binding to the sea)
Kanapu-i-te-rangi (Lightning of the day
Te-tuhi-o-te-po (The glow of the night
Kupe gave instructions for the waka to lay the bows in the direction south west. At night fall steer towards the star Atua-tahi. hold to the left of Mango-roa (the Milky Way) and at day break continue towards the cloud pillar.
hokianga nui a Kupe (The great returning place of Kupe) and his son Tuputupu Whenua in Te Puna o Te Ao Marama.
Hokianga Whakapou Karakia
On arrival in Hokianga, Nukutaawhiti went ashore to do a karakia. He returned with eight Rimu fronds, giving 2 to each taniwha. He then sent 2 taniwha back to Hawaiki to let Kupe know that they had arrived safely. He then sent Ara-i-te-uru and Niua to the entrance of the Harbour to protect them. Ara-i-te-uru guards the south & Niua guards the north at the mouth of the harbour. It is from these taniwha that Nga Puhi gain much of their strength and mana; hence the whakatauki;
"Kotahi ki reira, ki Ara-i-te-uru.
Kotahi ki reira, ki Niua.
A homai he toa, he kaha, e aua taniwha, ki Nga Puhi"
"One there is for Ara-i-te-uru.
One there is for Niua.
may those taniwha bring courage and strength to Nga Puhi"
Nukutaawhiti and Ruanui settled with their people in and around the Hokianga Harbour area. Both set about building whare; Nukutaawhiti built his on the northern side of the harbour and called it Te Whatu Pungapunga, while Ruanui built his on the southern side and called it Te Pouahi.
Te Poahi was completed first but Nukutaawhiti asked Ruanui to delay the opening until his whare were complete so they could be opened together. Ruanui agreed, however, by the time Te Whatu Pungapunga was complete all the food Ruanui had stored up for the opening had been used up.
Ruanui then decided to do a powerful karakia to lure a Tohora (whale) into the harbour for their hakari (feast). Nukutaawhiti took exception to this and recited another powerful karakia to send the whale back out to sea. Ruanui countered this with another karakia and this was again countered by Nukutaawhiti.
This contest went on for many hours until both ariki (chiefs) had exhausted all their karakia. From this incident Hokianga has often been referred to an old whakatauki;
"Hokianga Whakapou Karakia"
"Hokianga which exhausts incantations"
Ko Rahiri te Tupuna
Ka mimiti te puna i Taumarere
Ka Toto te puna i Hokianga
Ka toto te puna i Taumarere
Ka mimiti te puna i Hokianga
When the fountain of Taumarere is empty
The fountain of Hokianga is full
When the fountain of Taumarere is full
The fountain of Hokianga is empty
I trace my ancestry back to Rahiri, a formidable Rangatira and warrior. He is credited with the whakautauki
'mehemea, he Ngapuhi koe, kihai koe i puta i a Rahiri, he hoiho ke koe' that is; If you claim to be Ngapuhi and did not descend from Rahiri, you are a horse'
Rahiri is descendant from the noble line of Rangatira who were among the first to land here in Aotearoa. He has direct linage to Kupe, the first Maori who discovered Aotearoa and his mokopuna, Nukutawhiti who re-adzed the hull of his Tupuna's waka and sailed Ngatokimatawhaorua to these shores. He is also direct descendant of Awa and his son Awanui of the Mamari waka.
Rahiri's father was Tauramoko and his mother was Hauangiangi, a daughter of Puhimoanariki, of Ngati Awa descent, who relieved his tuakana, Toroa, of the waka mataatua and sailed north to establish his own tribe in the north.
Rahiri had 3 wives;
, of Ngai Tahuhu descent, bore him a son called uenukukuare.
, who bore him 4 children. The most famous of these children was a son called Kaharau (who I am directly descended), he lived with his father at Whiria Pa in Pakanae where he learned all the karakia and fighting traits of his famous father finally
, the 3rd wide, from the Kaeo area, however, there is not enough information as to this 3rd union or whether they produced any offspring.
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The heroic working women of World War II inspired this factory wardrobe of camp shirt, pleated slacks, and overalls with sweetheart bib. Rosie the Riveter was the fictional character pictured in posters to recruit women into the work force during World War II in the late 1940’s. Women started working in large numbers building airplanes, slacks or overalls, and “utility clothes” became the uniform of Rosie and her colleagues. Folkwear pays tribute to the accomplishments of the heroic women with this hard working wardrobe of Shirt, Overalls, and Slacks to sew.
The Shirt is styled from men’s sport shirts and is know today as a “camp” shirt. It is timeless is a crisp white cotton and lots of fun made extra-large in bright tropical prints or patterns.
The pleated Slacks have side pockets and a back zipper. Straight legs fall smoothly from the hips for a clean look. Add the sweetheart-shaped bodice for Overalls with straps that cross in the back.
The pattern includes historical information and instructions for a knitted sweater and a crocheted snood to keep hair in place.
Suggested fabrics: For Shirt, choose medium-weight cotton, rayon, silk, or blends. For Slacks and Overalls, choose medium to heavyweight cotton, wool, blends, corduroy, denim, velvet, or velveteen.
This pattern has lots of ease, which was useful to working women who needed to do lots of moving around. Just keep that in mind when determining your size (a muslin may be helpful too).


Heiny Srour (1945, Beirut) studied sociology at the American University in Beirut and went on to study social anthropology at the Sorbonne in Paris, where she was a student of both Marxist sociologist Maxime Rodinson and anthropologist-filmmaker Jean Rouch.
In 1969, while pursuing a PhD on the status of Lebanese and Arab women and working as a journalist for AfricAsia magazine, she learned about the struggle of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf, which led an uprising in the province of Dhofar against the British-backed Sultanate of Oman, while at the same time seeking to liberate women from their oppression. Determined to make a film about this movement, Heiny Srour and her team crossed 500 miles of desert and mountains by foot, under bombardment by the British Royal Air Force, to reach the conflict zone and capture a rare record of a now mostly-forgotten war. The film, titled Saat El Tahrir Dakkator (The Hour of Liberation Has Arrived), was completed in 1974 and selected to compete at the Cannes Film Festival, making Srour the first Arab woman to have a film selected for the international festival. It took her seven years to finish her next film, Leila wal Zi’ab (Leila and the Wolves, 1984), in which she continued her research into the hidden histories of women in struggle, in particular in Palestine and Lebanon, by weaving an aesthetically and politically ambitious tableau of history, folklore, myth and archival footage. In her words: “Why shouldn't women be ambitious? Because men only want women to exclusively deal with women's issues like home, family and so on, they want to ghettoize us. I resent this. We should deal with the public affairs and political issues too.”
Since initiating a feminist study group in Lebanon in the early 1960’s, Heiny Srour has been vocal about the position of women, in particular in Arab societies. She has written and spoken extensively about the image and role of women in Arab cinema and, in 1978, along with Tunisian filmmaker Selma Baccar and Egyptian film historian Magda Wassef, she co-authored a manifest "for the self-expression of women in cinema." To this day, Heiny Srour remains passionately active in her feminist advocacy.
After the lecture the film Saat El Tahrir Dakkator will be shown in KASKcinema.
- KASK lectures
- Godshuizenlaan 4, 9000 Gent, free


1st Foot Guards (1815)
The First Foot Guards Living History and Re-enactment Unit portrays Wellington’s Foot Guards at the time of Waterloo.
Drill practise takes place throughout the year on the first Sunday of each month at Dover Castle in Kent from 10:00 ‘til 13:00. Exceptions from this rule include those months when the unit is engaged at an event elsewhere or when there is a special English Heritage event taking place at the castle.
The castle was home to many soldiers during the Napoleonic wars and at that time much alteration was made to the buildings; in fact historians of the medieval period still consider many of these changes as wanton vandalism. Curtain wall towers were levelled and in-filled, the curtain wall was ramped with earth, the slopes around the castle were re-scarped, a new entrance was created closer to the town than Constable’s gate, the medieval tunnels were redesigned and, due to the demand for troop accommodation, the cliff casemates were excavated.
Should you meet us during a visit to the castle, feel free to ask us about the unit or our period in history.
Booking and Arranging Visits
Visits to schools or voluntary organisations such as Scouts or Guides are always welcome.
If you are planning an event and you would like to have a fully functioning period camp with Napoleonic soldiers, surgeon and ladies of the period to add colour and excitement please contact us for a brochure. (See 'Join/Contact Us' Page)
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Shakudo Nanako Fuchikashira Decorated with Taira Tadomori and Old Monk
Shakudo nanako fuchikashira decorated with Taira Tadamori and monk in Gion district of Kyoto. "The warrior Taira Tadamori (1096–1153) was serving the retired emperor Shirakawa (1053–1129) when, one rainy night, they set out to visit a favorite concubine in the Gion district of Kyoto. On the way, a ghost-like figure appeared among the trees of a shrine. Tadamori went to subdue the beast but discovered that in fact it was an old priest with a small torch and a pot of oil, replenishing the lanterns. The emperor rewarded Tadamori's courage by granting him his concubine."
Made of shakudo with nanako ground. With copper, shakudo, shibuichi, silver and gold inlay.


Monday, February 20, 2012
Radio History at Point Reyes
A visit to Point Reyes National Seashore usually includes hiking, spectacular ocean views, wildlife viewing, and spring wildflowers. However, there is also a bit of radio history at Point Reyes.
If you are driving out to the lighthouse or Chimney Rock on a Saturday afternoon, you may see a sign by the side of the road announcing "Historic Radio Equipment." Take the turn and you will arrive at the historic receiving station opened by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in 1920. Initially, the array of radios captured messages transmitted from around the Pacific Rim and forwarded them to the RCA office in San Francisco.
After World War II, maritime station KPH, started operations in the building. KPH, which first transmitted from San Francisco's Palace Hotel in 1905, provided telegram services to ships at sea via Morse Code. Point Reyes was the receiving station for KPH, while the transmitting station was in Bolinas, about 20 miles south of the park. KPH ceased commercial operation in 1997.
Now members of the Maritime Radio Historical Society have brought the station back to life. Volunteer radio operators have restored much of the old equipment and transmit and receive messages via Morse Code from nostalgic radio operators aboard ships and on land. The receiving station at Point Reyes usually welcomes visitors on Saturdays from noon until 4:00 p.m. However, don't make a special trip to visit the station without first contacting the Society to make sure the station will be open. You can reach the Society at email@example.com. More information is available on the Maritime Radio Historical Society's website, www.radiomarine.org.


Becoming Caltech: Building a Research Community, 1910–1930 - Reopening
Becoming Caltech: Building a Research Community, 1910–1930 reopens to Caltech ID holders on November 8th.
- Reopens November 8th, 2021 to Caltech ID holders.
- Open on weekdays, Monday to Friday: 11 am to 4 pm
- Closed on holidays
Location: The Beckman Room is located in room 131 on the first floor of the Beckman Institute.
Admission: Admission is free. Only open Caltech ID holders.
In the 1910s and 1920s, Caltech dramatically reinvented itself, transforming from a manual arts academy to an engineering school, then expanding into a research institute. The school began building its current campus, recruited renowned faculty, constructed sophisticated laboratories, trained students to become leading researchers, and established new relationships with industry and government. On February 10, 1920, the Institute's trustees acknowledged this transformation by changing the institution's name from Throop College of Technology to California Institute of Technology.
A century later, the Caltech Archives presents the exhibition "Becoming Caltech: Building a Research Community, 1910–1930." It tells the story of Caltech's early growth through historical documents, objects, photographs, and film, organized into three sections. "Becoming" traces Caltech's evolution through the reformation instigated by George Ellery Hale and catalyzed by World War I. "Building Research" chronicles both the history of science, engineering, and the humanities at Caltech—ranging from the core activities of the 1910s (electrical engineering, chemistry, and physics) to the new fields of the 1920s (genetics, seismology, and aeronautics)—and the architecture and construction of the buildings which housed this research. "Community" explores the lives and culture of the students, faculty, and staff who made up the Institute, including athletics, clubs, the Athenaeum, and the big T that students carved out of the forest on the side of Mt. Wilson.


#1139-61 - Egyptian Sampler
Much time was spent researching symbols from ancient egyptian art and history detailed in this Counted Cross Stitch sampler by Teresa Wentzler.
The elements are symbols of gods and godesses and of Egypt. They include Kephri, Ra Horus, hieroglyphs among others. A detail writing of this symbolism is included with this kit and is both informative and interesting.
Each kit contains 28-count Evenweave fabric, 6-strand cotton floss, beads, metallic thread, needles, chart and instructions in English, French and Spanish. Stitch Count: 160W X 198H.
Design size: 11.5" x 14.25" (29.2cm x 36.2cm).


This 1997 “Think Differently” Apple commercial with Steve Jobs narrating, marked the beginning of Job’s comeback with Apple. The campaign debuted on September 28, 1997 and quickly became popular.
The ad campaign won awards and developed a cult-like following. After the first campaign, Apple started sending complimentary posters to public schools across the nation featuring different celebrities (including Pablo Picasso, Jane Goodall, and Ron Howard) to visit classrooms. The complete packets now sell for hundreds of dollars on the internet.
Apple maintained the campaign until 2002, and some of the early Apple retail stores featured Think Different tableaus and “Here’s to the Crazy Ones.”
It’s only fitting and seems right to say goodbye to Steve Jobs this way. Enjoy…


WHY A LESBIAN ARCHIVE?
Lesbians are and have long been society’s most renegade women. For this reason, regardless of the culture, lesbian history has often been buried and erased. Though it’s likely that lesbians have always existed, because of this erasure, it’s difficult to prove. These omissions distort our collective understanding of the past.
The Bay Area has long been home to one of the largest and most diverse lesbian communities in the world, rich in visionary activism, art and culture. Our current focus is on collecting the memorabilia and oral histories of lesbians who were visible and active during the 1970s and 1980s. Lesbians were leaders in the fight for women’s liberation. They broke barriers to make it possible for women to see themselves as more than society’s limited ideas of what they could be.
Today there is little trace of the culture and communities that Bay Area lesbians created during those decades. Those trailblazers are now aging, dying, downsizing and leaving the Bay Area. We are now at a critical moment, as two decades of this history are at risk of being lost forever if that history is not soon captured.
BALA is uniquely positioned, geographically and through community ties, to capture this rich history. We think that to lose this legacy would be a tragedy -- that Bay Area lesbian history should be an integral part of the historic record and is essential to the accurate documentation of Bay Area, women’s, LGBTQ+ and American history.


The Australian War Memorial’s iconic eternal flame will now circulate in coloured $2 coins released by the Royal Australian Mint ahead of Anzac Day.
Produced in partnership with the Department of Veterans’ Affairs and the Australian War Memorial, the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coin continues the Mint’s tradition of releasing $2 coins into circulation as part of the Anzac Centenary Coin Program.
The Hon Michael Sukkar MP, Assistant Minister to the Treasurer, said the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coin is a tangible tribute to those who have made the ultimate sacrifice.
“The striking design of the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coin is inspired by the eternal flame at the Australian War Memorial and captures aspects of the Anzac spirit in permanent form,” Mr Sukkar said.
“Currency is part of everyday life in Australia and the release of this circulating coin will be an appropriate reminder of our Anzac history for years to come.”
Ross MacDiarmid, CEO of the Mint, said the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coin symbolises remembrance and sacrifice.
“Like other cultural institutions, the Mint is responsible for sharing stories of Australia’s past. We have a long tradition of commemorating Australia’s military history through coin and are proud to be introducing 5,555,550 of the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coins into circulation.”
Dr Brendan Nelson, Director of the Australian War Memorial said, “The Eternal Flame at the Australian War Memorial symbolises our nation's perpetual gratitude towards, and remembrance of, those 102,800 men and women who gave their lives for us and our freedoms in war and operations for more than a century. We are proud to support the Royal Australian Mint in releasing the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame $2 coin into circulation.”
In addition to the circulating coin, the Mint is commemorating the Centenary of Anzac with collectable coins recognising the Armistice Centenary and an uncirculated version of the Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame $2 Coin.
The Lest We Forget – Eternal Flame coin will be released into circulation throughout April. The collectable coins are available now from the Royal Australian Mint.


The Bethany Beach Museum at Dinker-Irvin Cottage officially opened its doors to the public on Saturday, April 30th, 2022, and remained open year-round. Since its opening, the museum has steadily gained interest and hosted hundreds of visitors including the great granddaughter of William Dinker.
From May 1st through October 30th, the Museum will be open three days a week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays from 10:00 a.m. to noon. Docents will be on hand to answer questions. Admission is free and parking is available in front of the museum.
The museum, located at 318 Garfield Parkway, offers an immersive experience of an historically significant early 1900 era home and a glimpse of what life was like during the early days of the town. It is one of the few remaining original cottages in Bethany Beach and the oldest public building in town. It served as a U.S. Post Office from 1922-25, was donated to the Town in 2016 and was listed on the United States Registry of Historic Places in 2018.
The current museum in the Town Hall lobby will remain open Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m.– 4:30 p.m.
The Museum at Dinker-Irvin Cottage is one of fifteen homes and landmarks on the Bethany Beach Heritage Trail, a self-guided walking tour. Brochures are available in the Town Hall and at the Dinker-Irvin Museum.
For more information visit the Town Museum page.


Glory Started 50 Years Ago
In 1964, the government of the republic of Indonesia gave that of Japan the official green light to establish Indonesia-Japan joint venture company importing crude oil into Japan, and reached the agreement between both sides.
After that, Far East Oil Trading Co.,Ltd. was established in 1965, and Japan Indonesia Oil Co.,Ltd was established in 1972 respectively to handle the marketing of Indonesian crude and fuel oil into Japan along with the partnership with Pertamina, Indonesia state-owned oil & gas company. These two companies merged and its name changed to Pacific Petroleum & Trading Co., Ltd in 1996.
In 2010, we changed the name to PPT Energy Trading expanding its business responding to new energy era.
|1965:||Far East Oil Trading Co.,Ltd. established in Tokyo|
|1972:||Japan Indonesia Oil Co.,Ltd. established in Tokyo|
|1996:||Integrated as Pacific Petroleum & Trading Co.,Ltd.|
|2010:||Changed name to PPT Energy Trading Co.,Ltd.|


By Johanna Goldberg, Information Services Librarian
This is part of an intermittent series of blogs featuring advertisements from medical journals. You can find the entire series here.
By the late 1800s, a pharmacist (or druggist) stood at an interesting intersection in the marketplace. Both business person and medical professional, the pharmacist had to balance the responsibilities of dispensing medicine with the need to keep a business afloat.
This was in part due to changes in the field. As Gregory Higby explains in a Bulletin for the History of Chemistry article, “With most basic preparations now available from drug companies, anyone with enough courage and capital could open up a drugstore. The number of pharmacists grew enormously, and the quality of prescriptions dispensed declined accordingly.”1 Fortunately, this decline led to increased industry regulation.
The first pharmacy school in the United States, the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, opened in 1821, a year after the formation of the U.S. Pharmacopeia.2 By the end 1870s, state laws began regulating pharmacy throughout the Unites States, including state licensing exams for pharmacists.1 Not everyone attended a pharmacy school before taking the exam; a correspondence course option existed, as advertised in The Practical Druggist in 1917.
Drugs, too, came under closer scrutiny. In 1848, Congress passed the Drug Importation Act, which aimed to prevent the importation of tainted drugs from abroad. In 1906, Congress passed the Food and Drug Act, setting up the regulatory charge of the Food and Drug Administration and requiring the listing of alcohol and opiates on ingredient labels.3,4 In 1912, the Sherley Amendment prevented drug labels from including false health claims.3 Cocaine was available over-the-counter until 1916; heroin and other opiates could be sold legally in the United States until 1920.5,6
The pharmacy had “developed the warmth and hospitality of a country store,” with tobacco counters, home goods for sale, and, beginning in 1835, soda fountains.7 The soda fountain business turned pharmacy shops into social centers; as they grew in popularity, store owners added seats and tables, devoting large parts of the store to the soda fountain business (a trend that lasted into the 1960s).7
Enjoy these ads showing the wide variety of merchandise available to pharmacists, presented chronologically. Click on an ad to enlarge the image.
1. Higby GJ. Chemistry and the 19th-century American pharmacist. Bull Hist Chem. 2003;29(1):9–17. Available at: http://www.scs.illinois.edu/~mainzv/HIST/bulletin_open_access/v28-1/v28-1%20p9-17.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2014.
2. pharmacy. Encycl Br. 2014. Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/455192/pharmacy/35617/History-of-pharmacy. Accessed August 21, 2014.
3. Food and Drug Administration. A history of the FDA and drug regulation in the United States. 2006. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/BuyingUsingMedicineSafely/UnderstandingOver-the-CounterMedicines/ucm093550.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2014.
4. Baker PM. Patent medicine: Cures & quacks. Available at: http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/Patent_Medicine.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2014.
5. Miller RJ. A brief history of cocaine. Salon. 2013. Available at: http://www.salon.com/2013/12/07/a_brief_history_of_cocaine/. Accessed August 27, 2014.
6. Narconon International. History of Heroin. Available at: http://www.narconon.org/drug-information/heroin-history.html. Accessed August 27, 2014.
7. Richardson LC, Richardson CG. The pill rollers: A book on apothecary antiques and drug store collectibles. Harrisonburg, Va.: Old Fort Press, 1992.


For one day in Oslo we tried to see as many things as we could. Here are some of the highlights.
The Oslo opera house is a crazy sloping building that lets you walk up the roof all the way to the top to give you some unique views of the harbour. It is built into the water in such a way that makes it look like it is actually rising out of the waterfront.
Oslo is a major port for cruise ships – here is one from the Costa line (yes, of the sinking Costa Concordia fame!) – as well as for ferries that transport people, cars and trucks to Copenhagen and Fredrikshaven in Denmark and Kiel in Germany.
At the Norwegian Folksmuset, we saw this Stave Church, which is a traditional Norwegian wooden church of the middle ages. Apparently these types of timber-frame construction churches used to be popular all over northern Europe but the only surviving ones these days are found in Norway. This particular one is in an open air museum where the Norwegian state has brought houses and buildings of historical and cultural significance from all over the country together into a single park to showcase the country’s cultural history from the 16th century to the present day
Here’s another of the museum’s old buildings.
One of my favourite stops of the day was the Viking Ship Museum. The boat in this photo is the Oseberg Ship, a viking burial ship built around 820 AD and used as a burial ship for a powerful woman and her maidservant in 834. It was found in a large burial mound where it had been buried to transport its rich owner to the realm of the dead, along with three elaborate sledges, a wagon, five carved animal heads and five beds, much of which is on display at the museum.
The remains of two women found in one of the Viking ships on display at the museum.
This is Norway’s parliament building, where 40 per cent of the representatives are women.
This is NOT the hotel we stayed at while in Oslo – but it is where Nobel laureates are put up when they are in town to receive their awards. The day we were there, Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi was in Oslo to finally accept her Nobel Peace Prize, which she had originally been awarded in 1991. At the time she was under house arrest in Burma and wasn’t released until 2010. During her speech a couple of days ago, she said she had always said her first trip abroad when she was released would be to Norway.
This is Karl Johan Gate, the main pedestrian zone in downtown Oslo. It is lined with shops and restaurants – but I haven’t yet sufficiently adjusted to the high prices of everything to indulge in too much shopping! Karl Johan was the king of Norway and Sweden during the time of its union with Sweden at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, although both countries maintained separate constitutions. Norway marks its national holiday – like our Canada Day – on May 27 to commemorate the signing of their constitution on that day in 1814. Norway became an independent monarchy with its own king in 1905.


The CARRARO Company was incorporated in Milan in 1924 thanks to the vision of Mr. Eng. Luigi Carraro, who decided to exploit his broad experience of international commerce in the thermo-technical field. Very soon an own production of pressure reducing and relief regulators for steam applications was started.
Throughout the years the activity was constantly implemented and developed by the Carraro family, especially since the ’70s when, under the lead of Mr. Eng. Pierantonio Carraro, Luigi’s son, the Company has been moved to the current Segrate facility.
The development and the constant investments in engineering know-how and production capacity, as well as the tight links to leading foreign companies with whom CARRARO has always entertained an active commercial exchange, have allowed the Company to reach an excellent industry knowledge, among the first in Italy and in Europe.
Starting from the ’90s, with a broad range of regulators and safety valves suitable for all kind of fluids, the Company was able to grab the challenge of the globalization in trade and of the fall of commercial barriers.
Today CARRARO, led by the third and fourth generation of the family, sells its products worldwide also thanks to a structured network of agents, distributors and authorized maintenance centres.


Alberti 857 (1642) San Isidro
Buenos Aires , Argentina
Porsche’s brilliant ‘giant killer’, the 550 Spyder, earned a special place in the annals of international motor racing history. The fledgling automaker’s first product specifically designed for competition, it was inspired by several successful Porsche-powered, privateer-built ‘specials’ in the early 1950s. Quick to succeed, the open-topped, mid-engined Spyders dominated their inaugural outing at the Nürburgring in May 1953 in preparation for Le Mans a month later, where they would claim 1st and 2nd in their class. It was an auspicious beginning; 550 RS Spyders were steadily improved with upgraded suspensions, and most importantly, with the new 1,500-cc Type 547 DOHC engine designed by Dr Ernst Fuhrmann. Fed by a pair of twin-choke downdraft carburettors, these tough little roller-bearing motors with dry-sump lubrication and twin ignition developed a solid 110 bhp. Tipping the scales at approximately 550 kg, 110 bhp was plenty of power to put the 550 Spyder on the podium at races around the world. With these new engines, the 550 RS was soon established as consistent winners in small-displacement sports racing. Production of customer Spyders began in 1955, enjoying a reputation as a very balanced, almost docile racing car with good power and excellent handling characteristics. Not only supremely competitive, these cars were truly just as good to look at as they were to drive, and both drivers and motorsport fans alike quickly fell in love with Porsche’s little Spyders. Presented here is a well-documented Porsche 550 RS Spyder that enjoyed motorsport success on an international scale at the hands of a number of celebrated drivers. Chassis no. 550-0082 was completed in March 1956, and was the ninth from last of just 99 of its type produced. Ordered by Porsche’s Belgian distributor, D’Ieteren Freres in Liege, it was delivered new in Belgium’s racing colour of bright yellow to Ecurie Nationale Belge, the team formed by the merger in 1955 of Jacques Swaters’ Ecurie Francorchamps and Johnny Claes’ Ecurie Belge. Over the course of the next several years, this car would be a key instrument in Ecurie Nationale Belge’s repertoire of racing cars and was a memorable entry due to both its bright yellow paint and its propensity to race at the front of the pack in some of Europe’s most competitive races. This example was soon put to work and raced extensively by many noted amateurs, including Claude Dubois, Christian Goethals, Georges Harris, Freddy Rousselle, Georges Hacquin, Alain Dechangy, Yves Tassin and the celebrated female driver Gilberte Thirion. With six events on its calendar for the 1956 season, it achieved a number of podium finishes, including 2nd at the Côte de la Roche aux Faucons with Thiron, and 3rd at the 12 Hours of Reims. Its crowning achievement that season was a class victory at the 1000 km of Paris at Montlhéry, finishing 20 seconds behind Phil Hill and Alfonso de Portago in a Ferrari 857 S. Without a doubt, the car’s most significant event was the 1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, making it just one of 10 550 Spyders to contest the fabled race. Unfortunately, Dubois and Hacquin were disqualified after pitting to add oil on the 70th lap in a year that saw over half the field drop out. However, this was 550-0082’s only DNF of the season, and it continued to see similar success throughout 1957. After two hill-climb victories at Roche aux Faucons and Charreau de Leffe in March, the car secured a pair of 3rd place finishes at the Grand Prix de Spa and 1,000 km Nürburgring in May, finishing behind two other 550 Spyders, and a 2nd place finish at the Grand Prix des Frontieres at Chimay. Its final race with Ecurie Nationale Belge was the 1957 Swedish Grand Prix where the car finished 8th in class with Tassin and Ms Hacquin. From 1958 through the early 1960s, 550-0082 was sold to Jacques Thenaers, who ran it in hill climbs, minor races and rallies. According to a series of letters in the car’s history file, it was rebodied as a coupe by APAL and fitted with a 2.0-litre Carrera engine after being purchased by Edmond Pery from Ecurie Francorchamps around 1965 and subsequently sold to Belgian racing driver Pierre Bonvoisin. In APAL guise it continued to race in Belgium through 1967. Sold to a Mr Michaelis of Embourg, Belgium, in September of 1970, at this time the car had a S-90 engine. Sometime thereafter in his ownership, the car was taken off the road and it remained in storage for roughly two decades. After passing through Philippe Jegher’s of Esneux, Belgium, chassis no. 550-0082 was purchased by Corrado Cupellini of Bergamo, Italy, in March of 1989 missing both its engine and APAL bodywork, before passing to Bruno Ferracin in May of 1995. The car was later purchased by Peter Ludwig of Germany in January 2000, and a comprehensive restoration, which included producing new bodywork and sourcing a correct series engine and transaxle, was undertaken by Porsche Zentrum Würzburg in 2000 at a cost of nearly €100.000. Afterwards which the car participated in the 2001 Mille Miglia Storica. The Fuhrmann four-cam engine was rebuilt in 2003. Furthermore, the car is fitted with rare aluminium and steel wheels to complement the 60-mm brake discs, both of which were designed specifically for use at Le Mans. Porsche’s 550 RS Spyders are among the most-coveted sports racers from the 1950s. Stated Road & Track magazine in February 1957: ‘Combining as it does terrific performance, faultless handling, and excellent brakes, it is no wonder that the Porsche 550 RS Spyder . . . is the car to beat. . . .” The desirability of this 550 RS Spyder lies in its colourful racing history, including the 1957 24 Hours of Le Mans, and current eligibility. Raced across Europe at some of the most competitive and rigorous events of its time with Ecurie, Nationale Belge, 550-0082 remained in competition for over a decade, speaking to the 550 RS Spyder’s inherent competitiveness and reliability. Today, it is ready to add to that record at events such as the Mille Miglia and the Le Mans Classic amongst numerous other vintage races, in addition to concours events worldwide. Without doubt one of the most competitive and eligible cars of its class, a well-prepared 550 Spyder is an astute purchase for anyone aspiring to race to win. Boasting a very impressive and well-detailed history file, this is a very special 550 RS and one that holds a myriad of possibilities for its new owner.


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Tequila inspired by the Mexican Revolution
In 1947 Ricardo Grijalva de Leon gave life to the character Pancho by writing great poems about his experiences in the Mexican Revolution.
These stories became an iconic piece of Mexican literature and two generations later Luis Carlos Grijalva chose to honour his grandfather’s legacy through a proudly Mexican product.
Tequila Pancho Datos is the result of this work, a premium tequila crafted to revive the stories in the book and ignite a passion in others to share their own stories with the world.
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Accessible only by boat, Smith Island, Maryland, is a fishing village located ten miles offshore in the Chesapeake Bay. Years of limits on crabbing and oyster harvesting restricted the work of watermen, the main source of income on the island. Little did they know a cake originally made in the 1800’s for oysterman by their wives would provide a much-needed economic boost to the island. Comprised of at least eight impossibly thin layers, bakers used fudge for the icing which lasts longer than other icing recipes of the time. Each cake is handmade with recipes passed from generation to generation. And so the Smith Island Cake was born.
In 2008, Maryland named the Smith Island Cake its official State Dessert. “Florida has the key lime pie, Massachusetts has the Boston cream pie and Maryland has the Smith Island cake,” said D. Page Elmore, who represents the rural lower Eastern Shore. “This is a source of revenue for them — and a source of pride.” The Chesapeake Bay Crab Cakes & More catalog began featuring the Smith Island Cake in 2007, sending trucks to meet the ferry from Smith Island and transport the cakes back to a warehouse outside of Baltimore for shipment to customers nationwide. In 2010, Mackenzie began featuring a new flavor of the Smith Island Cake, titled the Devilish Cake. Today, our catalog features four flavors of the cake including Traditional, Devilish, Spice, and Lemon (see links below).


Expansion is a series of photographic works that explore the disjunction between the history of the American West and the popular romanticized narrative of that history. The work focuses on the ways that cinema and vernacular images have constructed the myth of the West through the creation of a visual language that promotes ideologies inherent to Manifest Destiny and westward expansion. The title refers to both the historical expansion of white settlers onto land that was previously inhabited by Native Americans and an ever expanding archive of photographs of the Western landscape that sustain the illusion of unoccupied spaces. It is a work in progress.
Created with the support of the Wayne State University Faculty Creative Research Grant


|Former CPEP President Helen Quinn awarded the Order of Australia|
|The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established
by Elizabeth II "for the purpose of according recognition
to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement
or for meritorious service".
The photo above of CPEP member and former President Helen Quinn shows:
The Australian Consul-General, the Honorable David Lawson, and Professor Helen Quinn on the deck of the HMAS Sydney, with the San Francisco skyline behind them. (HMAS = "Her Majesty's Australian Ship"). Helen is wearing the Order of Australia, which David Lawson has just presented to her on the bridge of the ship. She holds the citation for the award.
|Click to see a larger version of this image.||The Officer of the Order of Australia medal.|


Der letzte Kreuzzug: Der 1. Weltkrieg und die Geburt des modernen Islam – ABC Religion & Ethics
Der letzte Kreuzzug: Der 1. Weltkrieg und die Geburt des modernen Islam
The Last Crusade: The First World War and the Birth of Modern Islam – ABC Religion & Ethics
Seeing all the commemorations of the First World War centennial, many might ask what relevance such distant struggles can have for the modern world. Why do they matter? But if they look at the world’s most dangerous storm centres today – in Iraq and Syria, across the Middle East and South Asia – they will get their answer. In these regions, as in so much of the world, the First World War created our reality.
Out of the political ferment immediately following the war came the most significant modern movements within Islam, including the most alarming forms of Islamist extremism. So did the separatism that eventually gave birth to the Islamic state of Pakistan and the heady new currents transforming Iranian Shi’ism. From this mayhem also emerged what would become the Saudi state, dominating the holy places and rooted in strictly traditional notions of faith.
When the war started, the Ottoman Empire was the only remaining Islamic nation that could even loosely claim Great Power status. Its rulers knew, however, that Russia and other European states planned to conquer and partition it. Seizing at a last desperate hope, the Ottomans allied with Germany. When they lost the war in 1918, the Empire dissolved. Crucially, in 1924, the new Turkey abolished the office of the Caliphate, which at that point dated back almost 1,300 years. That marked a trauma that the Islamic world is still fighting to come to terms with. ……
more The Last Crusade: The First World War and the Birth of Modern Islam – ABC Religion & Ethics


Stay at Marriott St. Louis Grand to experience the vibrant, authentic spirit of St. Louis, Missouri. With a prime downtown location near the St. Louis Zoo, City Museum, Busch Stadium, Ballpark Village, and the Gateway Arch, our downtown St. Louis hotel is a National Historic Landmark. It was originally the Statler Hotel, an icon of the St. Louis skyline since the 1900s.
HOST HOTEL - Marriott St. Louis GrandACDA is excited to welcome you to the Marriott St. Louis Grand for the Annual Conference. All meetings and conference activities will be held at this location.
Marriott St. Louis Grand
800 Washington Ave, St. Louis, MO 63101
Nightly Rates: $199 + Taxes / Cut Off Date: March 29, 2024


Click here for the full article.
Tennessee State Fair
Fair Dates:September 9 – 18, 2011
Tennessee State Fair Location:Tennessee State Fairgrounds Nashville, Tennessee
About the Tennessee State Fair: The first Tennessee State Fair, which took place in 1869, was held at the Old Fairgrounds, located at the end of the West End Avenue streetcar line. In 1906, the Fair was moved to its current location and has been held annually, except for four years during World War II. Today, the Tennessee State Fair attracts over 230,000 visitors and participants, with recent trends showing a steady growth in popularity.
Featuring a variety of educational and entertaining exhibits, the Tennessee State Fair offers good old-fashioned fun with great midway rides and Kid Zone fun, blue ribbon livestock, agricultural, and creative arts competitions, grilling and cooking competitions, mule pulling, racing pigs (competitors include Tammy Swine-ette and Oprah Hamphrey), cow milking and plenty of tempting fair food.


Celebrate Black History Month all year long with our Black is Beautiful T-Shirt. Black History should be celebrated everyday because Black History is American History. At Snicklefritz Collection we have a variety of Black History Month tees for kids + adults.
This item is made to order. Please allow 10-21 business days to make and ship.
Turn garment inside out.
Hand wash or Machine wash COLD [Gentle Cycle].
Hang to dry. Do not iron directly over design.
Free shipping on US orders $99+


As you stand at the Barossa’s Mengler’s Hill lookout and admire the patchwork landscape of the valley below, you will find a memorial to those who made it all possible. The memorial reads thus: “The Barossa was first settled by scattered British families in the early 1840's. They were followed from 1842 onward by large groups of Germans who had fled from their homeland to escape religious persecution”. This wine pays homage to those pioneers who sought a home where they could quietly live their lives centred around their family and their faith. This they did, putting their hand “to agricultural pursuits, but soon they also turned to fruit and grape growing, for which the Barossa has become renowned”. Today Barossa shiraz stands as the most renowned fruit variety of them all, and enjoys a status that would have likely been impossible to achieve without these now ancient, venerable vineyards – some of which are amongst the oldest in the world. As you enjoy this shiraz, be sure to raise a glass to The Pious Pioneer!


Campbell's Nurseries and Garden Center, Inc. was founded in 1912 by Claude C. Campbell, then only 34 years old, at 28th and Vine Street, Lincoln, Nebraska. Claude, employed by the U.S. Government as a railway mail clerk, had a love of plants and grew a large garden in his backyard.
When neighbors and friends began asking whether he would sell his extra plants, Claude simply expanded a hobby he loved and added a little extra to his family's income at the same time.
As the business grew, the lawn maintenance department was closed, and in 1960, 80 acres south of Lincoln was purchased for growing of additional landscape nursery stock. Another 45 acres was added on Yankee Hill Road during the mid 1980s, and in 1989, 24 acres was purchased at 84th and Holdrege. An additional 96 acres adjacent to the Yankee Hill property was purchased for field production in 1996.
Today Campbell's Nurseries has grown to include many aspects: landscape design, installation and maintenance, both residential and commercial; two full line garden centers at 2342 So. 40th and 5625 Pine Lake Road which offer gifts, home accessories and gardening supplies as well as nursery stock; and more than 200 acres of production””greenhouse, container and field. Dick, Mike, Doug, and Sandy now run the company. Dick oversees the Landscape and Maintenance Department and handles corporate matters; Doug supervises the Production Areas; Mike oversees the Garden Centers; and Sandy is in charge of the office.
In September of 2006 Ellen Campbell passed on and Bob followed in March of 2009 but they enjoyed watching their eleven grandchildren become involved with the business. Four grandchildren, Cassie Garrett, Cory Priefert, John Campbell and Andy Campbell, are full-time employees.


The year was 1966 and between civil rights and the brewing Vietnam War, America was a hotbed of social change. Every headline was a grim reminder of the intensely racially charged atmosphere of the time. Under the leadership of sociopolitical and religious icons like Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, the majority of the black community was in lockstep toward the goal of rising from beneath the boot of oppression. The echoing cry for a new breed of black hero was in the air and just as the cry reached a pitch Marvel Comics would answer with the introduction of the Black Panther, the first Black Superhero to appear in a mainstream comic book.
Up until that time, there had never been a black superhero in mainstream American comics. Although Lobo, a black character that appeared in (1950) is considered the first black man to have his own comic book and Gabriel Jones had a well-established in the popular Sgt. Fury title, Black Panther represented inclusion in the mainstream popular media of that time.
The historical record makes it clear that the creators of Black Panther saw opportunity in the fervent racially-charged and war-torn emotional state of the country and capitalized on the absence of color in both the Marvel and DC universes.
By 1969 the Falcon, would appear alongside Marvel’s Captain America in issue #117, which marked the second appearance of a BLACK SUPERHERO in mainstream comic community. and the first African American super hero to do so as panther was a native African. Still, the floodgates were open and a litany of male and female black superhero characters would be introduced into the comic mainstream throughout the 1970s including: The Guardian in 1970 and Nu Bia in 1973 from DC and Power Man (Luke Cage) in 1972 and Misty Knight by 1975. At least a dozen more black comic heroes would be introduced throughout the rest of the 70s, which represented the largest influx of black comic characters to date; what many would call the first coming of black superheroes.
To many historians and black comic fans, this influx of blackness into the comic mainstream was the bi product of the previous decade’s racial and political tensions when considering the real life events that transpired in the previous decade:
- Assassination Johns Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1963
- Signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Onset of the Vietnam War, 1965
- Desegregation of public schools in the US, 1965
- Assassination of Malcolm X, 1965
- Black Panther Party Founded in Oakland, 1966
- Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., 1968
- Assassination Robert Kennedy, 1968
As it were, the black community’s appetite for heroes after the brutal assassinations of the 1960s, would be partially addressed in the pages of comic books (as it was with Captain America’s pre WWII story lines) but in real life the burgeoning blaxploitation movement would also rise from the emotional and political ashes of the previous decade. Now, with the rise of black comics paralleled by 1970s blaxploitation cinema, the step-n-fetch it, “sambo-style” “shuckin and jiving” stereotype previously displayed in newspaper comic strips and movies was replaced with the new super bad, afro wearing, butt kicking, “bad mother fu – watch yo mouth” characters that became permanently endeared to the hearts and minds of black America. With such a close correlation between current events of the 60s and early 70s and their use in comic book lore, many ponder the true purpose and timing of the introduction of Black Super Hero characters. Many believe that black comics were merely an extension of the same pre WWII propaganda pioneered in the Captain America comics first released in 1941 while others regard comics as nothing more than harmless entertainment for children. Propaganda or not, a historical view of black comics and the culture surrounding them reveals some interesting facts, correlations and coincidences that would raise even the most ardent fan’s eyebrow.


Benedikt Jónsson was born in Reykjavík but grew up on the farm Hamrar in Haukadalur in Dalasýsla county. At a very young age he decided that he was not cut out for farm life and consequently pursued the path of education. After graduating with a BA in English and Literature from the University of Iceland in 1979, Benedikt moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, for post-graduate studies. He completed his post-graduate studies in English literature at the University of Edinburgh in 1981.
Benedikt has been interested in genealogy for many years and even wrote and published a book called Hamraætt (1999), which details the family history of his grandfather and grandmother who lived at Hamrar. With Þorkell Örn Ólason, he co-edited the book Fyrir Opnu Hafi (By the Open Sea, 2009), which lists the descendants of Guðmundur Guðmundsson and Ragnheiður Halldórsdóttir who lived at Bær on Selströnd, Kaldrananeshreppi in Strandasýsla county. Since 2017, Benedikt has served as chair of the Icelandic Genealogy Society.
Professionally, Benedikt has worked as a teacher, held various office and publishing jobs, and in 2002 began working as a project manager at the National Archives of Iceland (Þjóðskjalasafn Íslands). At the National Archives, Benedikt’s responsibilities have included acting as webmaster and helping build census databases as well as the online digital document repository, heimildir.is. In 2016, the National Archives signed a contract with FamilySearch of Utah to digitize various documents of genealogical interest. Benedikt has supervised that work, which is still ongoing.
Benedikt is now semi-retired from his job at the National Archives and is excited to be part of the Icelandic Roots team. Benedikt has three children and seven grandchildren and lives in Hafnarfjörður with his wife Guðný Árnadóttir.


Ambras Castle, located above Innsbruck in Tirol, can be seen far and wide—and it is one of the provincial capital’s most important sites. Its cultural and historical significance is inseparably linked with the personality of Archduke Ferdinand II (1529–1595), a true “Renaissance prince” who was an enthusiastic patron of the arts and sciences. He founded the Ambras collections, which became world-famous during his own lifetime, and had a specially conceived museum complex built for them—something like a prototype of the present-day museum.
The display at the Lower Castle attempts to reconstruct the Archduke’s museum: his Chamber of Art and Curiosities, the Chambers of Armour and the Antiquarium.
The Upper Castle contains the exceptional Portrait Gallery of the Habsburgs with its over 200 paintings, including ones by artists such as Lukas Cranach, Titian, Van Dyck and Velázquez.
On the ground floor of the Upper Castle is the Collection of Late Medieval Sculptures.


Q.E.D: COSMO’S CASEBOOK
QED: Cosmo’s Casebook is a mystery-adventure game set in Ancient Rome, during the final decades of the Roman Republic. You play as Cosmo Veritas, a hot-shot lawyer with a heart of gold, seeking fame and fortune in the Roman law courts. Cosmo, and his feathered sidekick Aquila, champion the rights of the downtrodden, taking on the cases that no other Roman lawyer would touch.
Part-gumshoe mystery, part-courtroom drama: QED: Cosmo’s Casebook presents three exciting cases which take you from the glittering heights to the stinky depths of Roman society. Have you got what it takes to lay down the Lore?
QED: Cosmo’s Casebook is an original history game for designed for late primary and secondary students.
Adventure, mystery, educational


Founded more than 180 years ago, First Congregational United Church of Christ was the first church in DeWitt, Iowa. We also believe that it was the first church in Clinton County, and we know that it was one of the first churches in the state of Iowa. It even predates the state of Iowa! When First Congregational United Church of Christ was founded, this land was part of the Iowa Territory: the land of the Kiikaapoi (Kickapoo), oθaakiiwaki‧hina‧ki (Sauk), Meškwahki·aša·hina (Fox), Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, and Báxoje Máyaⁿ (Ioway).
This part of our website is constantly evolving as we learn more about our own history. Check back for updates as we add new pages and update existing ones!


Welcome to Year 4!
This term, Year 4 will be taking a great Learning Journey back to Roman times. We will be answering the question: ‘Were the Romans really rotten?’ Throughout our Learning Journey we will explore how the Romans lived and what impact they had on our modern society. Our Super Start will be on 22nd September 2017 and we look forward to creating Roman coins with our family members. We look forward to our trip to Lunt Fort on Tuesday 31st October 2017.
Don't forget about our Year 4 Class Assembly ‘The Rotten Romans’ due to take place on Wednesday 8th November 2017.
4ML – Dance (Friday)
4H – Swimming (Wednesday)
Invasion Games and Football Skills (Monday)


Sigiriya, also called Lion Rock or Lion Mountain, is one of the most valuable historical monuments of Sri Lanka. The palace is located in the heart of the island between the towns of Dambulla and Habarane on a massive rocky plateau 370 meters above the sea level.
Sigiriya was a royal citadel for 18 years (477-495) when it was fortified by King Kasyapa. The architectural and irrigational technologies of Sigiriya, such as the Water Gardens, still baffle engineers. The climb up steep steps of metal with railings passes a wall decorated with frescoes of bare-breasted women. Art experts consider them unique. Referred by locals as the Eighth Wonder of the World this ancient palace and fortress complex has significant archaeological importance and attracts thousands of tourists every year. It is probably the most visited tourist destination of Sri Lanka.