Microsoft Windows is a relatively old operating system, developed in the mid-1980s as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the increasing demand for computers with a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI).
Early Versions of Windows
The first version of the Windows operating system didn’t allow windows to overlap, and came with a set list of applications (including Calculator, Calendar, and Reversi, among others). The next version, Windows 2.0, greatly improved over this fledgling system by allowing for overlapping windows, better keyboard shortcuts, and expanded memory. At this time, Windows still wasn’t really regarded as a stand-alone operating system, but as an extension of MS-DOS for users who preferred to use a GUI for accessing applications. It wasn’t until the 1990s that Windows became more recognizable as the precursor to Windows Vista, Windows 7, and other modern forms of the operating system.
Today, Windows is a full-fledged operating system, with very few applications requiring users to understand how MS-DOS works. Application windows are still stackable, and several other features have been added to the operating system over the years to improve stability, security, and ease of use. There’s also a much greater variety of software available for use with Windows, with most computers already coming pre-installed with more Windows software than the earliest versions were capable of running. The System Restore function was introduced with Windows Millennium Edition, which allowed a computer’s settings to be rolled back to how they were at a previous backup point, for ease of maintenance. The NT family of Windows operating systems was also introduced for business use, which offered corporate environments more reliability with the NTFS-based Windows NT 3.1. Microsoft is already working on their operating system‘s next incarnation, Windows 8. While the details haven’t been released yet, it promises to be another easy-to-use addition to the Windows operating system family.


Kozhikode Corporation is the oldest municipal corporation in Kerala, founded in 1962. H Manjunatha Rao was the first mayor of Kozhikode Municipal Corporation. Kozhikode Corporation is the municipal corporation responsible for the administration of the city. The mayor is responsible for the administration of the corporation. Corporation consists of four constituencies - Kozhikode North, Kozhikode South, Beypore and Elathur. They are part of the Calicut Parliamentary constituency. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 75 wards, from which the members of the Corporation Council are elected for a term of five years.


|Los Angeles, CA
C.I.A., also known as Cru' in Action!, was a rap trio from the Los Angeles rap scene in the 1980s. The group consisted of K-Dee, Sir Jinx, and Ice Cube. Initially known as Stereo Crew, they changed their name to C.I.A. and signed with Kru Cut Records, a sublabel run by Grandmaster Lonzo of the World Class Wreckin' Cru.
C.I.A. made their debut at parties organized by Sir Jinx's cousin, Dr. Dre, who was a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru and later became part of the influential gangsta rap group N.W.A. In 1986, Stereo Crew released the single "She's a Skag" under Epic Records, but the group was dropped due to poor sales.
The trio went on to do backing vocals on the World Class Wreckin' Cru's song "Cabbage Patch." In 1987, C.I.A. released their only single, "My Posse," which was produced by Dr. Dre and featured the classic Roland TR-808 sound. However, shortly after the release of "My Posse," Ice Cube and Dr. Dre, along with Eazy-E, formed the groundbreaking gangsta rap group N.W.A, while K-Dee and Sir Jinx went on to form Da Lench Mob.
Although C.I.A's time as a group was short-lived, their involvement in the early days of the Los Angeles rap scene and their collaborations with influential artists like Dr. Dre and the World Class Wreckin' Cru played a significant role in shaping the trajectory of West Coast hip-hop.


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On November 1, 1909, the first
zoo in Korea was established.
Korea's first zoo was built in Changgyeongwon during the Japanese colonial period on November 1, 1909.
It was built 36th in the world and 7th in the Orient.
At the time of its opening, the zoo had a total of 361 animals of 72 species, including 121 mammals of 29 species and 240 birds of 43 species.
The Cultural Heritage Management Bureau, which was in charge of Changgyeonggung at the time,
made plans to restore the palace and create Seoul Grand Park for the ever-increasing number of
visitors and animals to protect historic cultural properties.
Changgyeongwon Zoo 1910
60th anniversary of the opening of Changgyeongwon
Groundbreaking ceremony for Seoul Grand Park
Movement of animals from Changgyeongwon
Construction began in 1978,
On May 1, 1984, Seoul Grand Park opened in Gwacheon.
On November 1, 2009,
in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the zoo's opening,
The Ape Pavilion was remodeled and opened along with the 100th-anniversary plaza and the time capsule was buried.
Seoul Zoo began remodeling aging animal cages through preparing annual plans and has been striving to fulfill its role as a representative zoo of Korea by promoting exchanges internationally and by holding other international events.


How did slaves get to New Orleans?
The first slave ships from Africa arrived in Louisiana in 1719, only a year after the founding of New Orleans. Twenty-three ships brought slaves to Louisiana in the French period alone, almost all embarking prior to 1730.
The French introduced African slaves to the territory in 1710, after capturing a number as plunder during the War of the Spanish Succession. Trying to develop the new territory, the French transported more than 2,000 Africans to New Orleans between 1717–1721, on at least eight ships.
Now known as Algiers Point, the land directly across the river from the French Quarter was once the primary port of disembarkation for captive Africans brought to Louisiana in the transatlantic slave trade.
The city of New Orleans was the largest slave market in the United States, ultimately serving as the site for the purchase and sale of more than 135,000 people.
The first slaves from Africa arrived in Louisiana in 1719 on the Aurore slave ship from Whydah, only a year after the founding of New Orleans. Twenty-three slave ships brought black slaves to Louisiana in French Louisiana alone, almost all embarking prior to 1730.
On Sunday afternoons, city leaders allowed slaves to gather outside of the city north of Rampart Street. Originally, this area was called Place de Negres, or Place Congo. Eventually, the city grew past this gathering point and it became known as Congo Square.
There were few enslaved people in Louisiana before 1720. As in other New World colonies, efforts to enslave the indigenous population in Louisiana proved futile and contributed to the colonial authorities' decision to import enslaved Africans.
Auction blocks in the sumptuous rotunda of the St. Louis Hotel, private residences, public parks, decks of ships moored along the Mississippi, high-walled slave pens, and commercial complexes such as Banks Arcade all served as sites for the buying and selling of human beings.
Louisiana's current constitution allows slavery and indentured servitude as punishment for a crime.
“They went to Louisiana because it was another colony of France,” says Henry. “It was part of the French network.” Now, people had been fleeing Haiti over the course of this 13-year revolution to go live in other French colonies.
Did the Spanish bring slaves to Louisiana?
During the Spanish regime, the total population of Louisiana increased from 10,000 to 30,000, and the enslaved population likewise increased from 4,500 to nearly 13,000.
In the middle of the night of April 24, Admiral David Farragut led a fleet of 24 gunboats, 19 mortar boats and 15,000 soldiers in a daring run past the forts. Now, the river was open to New Orleans except for the ragtag Confederate fleet. The mighty Union armada plowed right through, sinking eight ships.


Very few events, in the development of the world economy, have had this kind of impact than the Bretton Woods Agreements. The Yalta Conference was to the political scene, what these agreements, were to the economic scene, they had to become the pillars to settle the reconstruction of the new world order which was under the devastating effects of the Second World War. A war created these agreements, but another war put an end to them, 27 years later. From the Bretton Woods Agreements, The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were born.
The Genesis of the Bretton Woods Agreements
It was the year of 1944. The Second World War was underway, but really close to its final conclusion. The chosen scenery was the Mount hotel, in the small community of Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. There, 44 nations gathered, to set the new foundations required to rebuild a decaying Europe, and with it, a new form of monetary stabilization. A few weeks later, the attack on Normandy was about to happen, marking the beginning of the end, of the wartimes initiated by Germany.
For almost 3 weeks, on July 1944, began a conference to discuss two models to rebuild and stabilize the economy. On one side, Harry Dexter White, the U.S treasury department official and on the other side, John Maynard Keynes, a British economist. Keynes wanted a unique and nonnational monetary system, he named it Bancor. Meanwhile, White had the idea of a monetary exchange system, using the American dollar and their own gold reserves.
Of course, one of them had more advantages. During the war, United Stated accumulated huge product reserves from its industrial development and the selling of weapons to countries in wartimes. The same was happening with some emerging nations, which their primary productions, linked to food products, such as Argentina, saw a growth in their reserves.
Finally, it was the American proposal that was imposed and a parity of $35 an ounce of gold was established. Thus the United States became a kind of central bank with global characteristics and its main function was to print banknotes and accumulate gold. In addition, the US was going to have the task of “financing” the reconstruction of a Europe that was totally in ruins. The Bretton Woods Agreements were the end of the pound sterling as a reference currency.
The agreements also helped in the creation of the IMF and the World Bank, credit organisms that worked with each country’s capital. From the initial 8.000 million dollars required for it to work, the United States would provide 31%. The IMF had the mission of financing the fiscal deficits of all these countries, using midterm credits, but at the same time, it set the economic guidelines of those countries, to guarantee the repayment of these credits.
The End of Bretton Woods
While almost all nations, required to create goods and services, the United States only had to print bills. By 1970, and as a consequence of the pressure to finance the war in Vietnam, the United States flooded the markets with dollars, depleting the gold reserves in the process. President Richard Nixon, with the advice Paul Samuelson, devalued the North American currency, and on August 15, 1971, he declared the inconvertibility of the dollar to gold.
Thus, the Bretton Woods Agreements came to an end, and with it, the imposition of the floating exchange rates in the whole world, starting a new era of crisis.


Damsite Recreational Area offers the only accommodations in the Elephant Butte State Park. We have private cabins and guest suite lodging available as well as scenic dining. We are conveniently located for avid fishermen, sailboaters, campers, boaters, families, and sightseers. We welcome private groups and companies interested in hosting large events such as family reunions, retreats, and trainings.
Damsite Recreational Area offers a very unique history. Much of the area was constructed in the early 1900s as part of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Damsite Recreational Area was one of the largest projects in New Mexico under the CCC. These projects included the construction of the Elephant Butte Dam, Lodge, and Cabins. The Lodge has been fully restored. It originally served as the administrative and engineering building for the construction of the Elephant Butte Dam. The Cabins were built in 1940 and are currently being remodeled in keeping with historic tradition.


iGoldrush was launched in 1996 when there was no domain ‘industry’ to speak of, and the Internet was still in its infancy.
At the time there were an estimated 500,000 domain names registered, and most people didn’t even know what a domain name was. In comparison, nowadays, the same number of domains are registered every few days. There was very little information available that could help someone understand what a domain name was, how to register one, or even what purpose it served, and those were some of the questions that iGoldrush set out to answer.
The founder of iGoldrush was Edwin Hayward, an early pioneer and still a well respected participant in the domain industry. The site provided a complete overview of the industry and how domains work, posted new and archived domain news, provided a showcase for users to buy and sell domains, and explained how to make money from domain names. iGoldrush became an instant hit, being quoted on thousands of websites, cited in dozens of printed news articles, and known to this day by many long-time domainers as their first introduction to the industry.
In 2000, Paul Goldstone (online entrepreneur, domainer, registrar, and good friends with Hayward) took the reins and became the new owner and manager of the site. At that time iGoldrush was re-launched with a new look, updated news and articles, and new information to meet the ever changing domain industry. Over the course of the next 8-9 years the website underwent minor updates, and although still cited as a great resource for domainers, was in dire need of a complete overhaul to get up to date with the industry.
iGoldrush was re-developed by a group of individuals with over 35 years of combined experience in the domain industry, led by Paul Goldstone. Among other updates, the design was given a full facelift. The domain guide was completely re-written, top company reviews and useful domain resources were added and updated and a discussion forum was implemented. The website was officially re-launched back to its former glory in April 2010 at which point iGoldrush also welcomed Victor Pitts to the team.
Today, iGoldrush is known as the most comprehensive and up-to-date source of domain name information, industry news, legal matters, resources, and a meeting place for both newbies and experts alike.


Ari Neufeld and Nico Boesten are going to treat y'all to a real grass roots concert...bring your own chair, bring your own snacks and refreshments and we supply the music and the breathtaking view! The Gateway Ranch was established in 2019 on a rugged 10 acre property nestled in the mountains of the Similkemen Valley, 3000ft above sea level. Here amidst Crown Land and cattle range you get the feeling you are in the middle of nowhere, yet you are only a half hour away from Oliver, Penticton or Kermeos. It is the ideal place for small gatherings and musical events.
Once known as the “Red Roost”, a local gathering spot and garden centre, the ranch was home to Larry and Janet Burbidge, who built it in 1995. They were well known in Kaleden and the Twin Lakes for their garden parties, Easter egg hunts, Secret Santa parties and many “teas” or luncheons that they held for their clients, the locals and their neighbours. They made the ranch a gathering place where people could connect and they were well known for their never-ending gardening projects as well as for their beautiful home decor shop, which was the centre of many community events. This event is a tribute to Janet who passed in May this year and also a celebration of communtity brought together by music..."the new normal" is going back to basics!
Parking is roadside beyond the cattle guard.
Gates at 3pm
Music from 5-7pm


All Saint's Day 2012
The vigil of this feast is popularly called "Hallowe'en" or "Halloween".
Solemnity celebrated on the first of November. It is instituted to honour all the saints, known and unknown, and, according to Urban IV, to supply any deficiencies in the faithful's celebration of saints' feasts during the year.
In the early days the Christians were accustomed to solemnize the anniversary of a martyr's death for Christ at the place of martyrdom. In the fourth century, neighbouring dioceses began to interchange feasts, to transfer relics, to divide them, and to join in a common feast; as is shown by the invitation of St. Basil of Caesarea (397) to the bishops of the province of Pontus. Frequently groups of martyrs suffered on the same day, which naturally led to a joint commemoration. In the persecution of Diocletian the number of martyrs became so great that a separate day could not be assigned to each. But the Church, feeling that every martyr should be venerated, appointed a common day for all. The first trace of this we find in Antioch on the Sunday after Pentecost. We also find mention of a common day in a sermon of St. Ephrem the Syrian (373), and in the 74th homily of St. John Chrysostom (407). At first only martyrs and St. John the Baptist were honoured by a special day. Other saints were added gradually, and increased in number when a regular process of canonization was established; still, as early as 411 there is in the Chaldean Calendar a "Commemoratio Confessorum" for the Friday after Easter. In the West Boniface IV, 13 May, 609, or 610, consecrated the Pantheon in Rome to the Blessed Virgin and all the martyrs, ordering an anniversary. Gregory III (731-741) consecrated a chapel in the Basilica of St. Peter to all the saints and fixed the anniversary for 1 November. A basilica of the Apostles already existed in Rome, and its dedication was annually remembered on 1 May. Gregory IV (827-844) extended the celebration on 1 November to the entire Church. The vigil seems to have been held as early as the feast itself. The octave was added by Sixtus IV (1471-84).
New Advent, which only tells us what it says there, in tiny print, about Halloween. But I got that.
Otherwise, what is there to say that hasn't been said before?
In the communion of the Holy Spirit, with the faithful and the saints in heaven, with the redeemed in all ages, with our beloved who dwell in thy presence and peace, we, who still serve and suffer on earth, unite in ascribing:
THANKSGIVING, GLORY, HONOR, AND POWER UNTO THEE, O LORD OUR GOD.
Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
AS IT WAS IN THE BEGINNING, IS NOW, AND EVER SHALL BE, WORLD WITHOUT END. AMEN.


We have sponsored this unique festival ever since it was launched 30 years ago and we are delighted to have seen it grow over the years to become an internationally renowned event.
Slaithwaite Beer Festival
An annual charity event where local businesses fund and sponsor barrels so visitors have the widest possible choice and the event raises the maximum possible for local charities and good causes
Keeping Huddersfield Town’s Heritage Alive
We are proud to support our local team. Several of our employees (directors and staff) have been season ticket holders for many, many years. Over that time, we have endured defeats and relegation and enjoyed the triumphs of promotion and even the odd trophy – never more so than on 29th May 2017 when the Terriers won promotion to the Premier League.
In 1994, when Huddersfield Town moved from their Leeds Road ground their new stadium nearby (now known as the John Smiths Stadium), the team at Shaw Pallet decided that some heritage from the old ground needed retaining and so bought the fabric of a turnstile gate from the Bradley Mills End of the Leeds Road ground; which was subsequently re-constructed ‘brick by brick’ next to the company’s main Slaithwaite factory gate.
The old turnstile stood as the company’s official personnel entrance for ten years until it was damaged by a heavy storm; it was then donated to the club who organised a second rebuilding exercise and incorporated it into a secure area at the John Smiths Stadium where it has been featured on TV on numerous occasions and especially so upon the club’s return to the top flight of English football.
We were delighted to see the turnstile gate used as the backdrop for Huddersfield Town’s 2018/19 home kit launch.