最近，日本語でもアンガー・マネジメントという表現を聞くようになった．英語の anger management は，COBUILD English Dictionary によると "a set of guidelines that are designed to help people control their anger." とある．関連する本の出版や講習会の宣伝も耳に入ってくる．確かに怒りっぽいのは人生の損だと私も思っているが，自分自身がうまくコントロールできているかははなはだ心許ない．本を読んだり，コースに通ったりするほどではないものの，関心はあるので緩くアンテナを張っていたら，Francis Bacon (1561--1626) の Essays (1597) をペラペラめくっている最中に，「怒りについて」の文章を見つけた．考えてみれば確かに Bacon が取り上げそうなテーマだ．
案の定，読み惚れる名文である．あらためて Bacon の文章は見事な英語の散文だと思う．こういう文章をじっくり読む授業は必要かもしれない．読み慣れないと難しく感じるだろうが，精読に最適である．英語史的に読んでも初期近代英語の散文はいろいろとおもしろい．
Of Anger[ 固定リンク | 印刷用ページ ]
TO SEEK to extinguish anger utterly, is but a bravery of the Stoics. We have better oracles: Be angry, but sin not. Let not the sun go down upon your anger. Anger must be limited and confined, both in race and in time. We will first speak how the natural inclination and habit to be angry, may be attempted and calmed. Secondly, how the particular motions of anger may be repressed, or at least refrained from doing mischief. Thirdly, how to raise anger, or appease anger in another.
For the first; there is no other way but to meditate, and ruminate well upon the effects of anger, how it troubles man's life. And the best time to do this, is to look back upon anger, when the fit is thoroughly over. Seneca saith well, That anger is like ruin, which breaks itself upon that it falls. The Scripture exhorteth us to possess our souls in patience. Whosoever is out of patience, is out of possession of his soul. Men must not turn bees;
. . . animasuque in vulnere ponunt.
Anger is certainly a kind of baseness; as it appears well in the weakness of those subjects in whom it reigns; children, women, old folks, sick folks. Only men must beware, that they carry their anger rather with scorn, than with fear; so that they may seem rather to be above the injury, than below it; which is a thing easily done, if a man will give law to himself in it.
For the second point; the causes and motives of anger, are chiefly three. First, to be too sensible of hurt; for no man is angry, that feels not himself hurt; and therefore tender and delicate persons must needs be oft angry; they have so many things to trouble them, which more robust natures have little sense of. The next is, the apprehension and construction of the injury offered, to be, in the circumstances thereof, full of contempt: for contempt is that, which putteth an edge upon anger, as much or more than the hurt itself.
And therefore, when men are ingenious in picking out circumstances of contempt, they do kindle their anger much. Lastly, opinion of the touch of a man's reputation, doth multiply and sharpen anger. Wherein the remedy is, that a man should have, as Consalvo was wont to say, telam honoris crassiorem. But in all refrainings of anger, it is the best remedy to win time; and to make a man's self believe, that the opportunity of his revenge is not yet come, but that he foresees a time for it; and so to still himself in the meantime, and reserve it.
To contain anger from mischief, though it take hold of a man, there be two things, whereof you must have special caution. The one, of extreme bitterness of words, especially if they be aculeate and proper, for cummunia maledicta are nothing so much; and again, that in anger a man reveal no secrets; for that, makes him not fit for society. The other, that you do not peremptorily break off, in any business, in a fit of anger; but howsoever you show bitterness, do not act anything, that is not revocable.
For raising and appeasing anger in another; it is done chiefly by choosing of times, when men are frowardest and worst disposed, to incense them. Again, by gathering (as was touched before) all that you can find out, to aggravate the contempt. And the two remedies are by the contraries. The former to take good times, when first to relate to a man an angry business; for the first impression is much; and the other is, to sever, as much as may be, the construction of the injury from the point of contempt; imputing it to misunderstanding, fear, passion, or what you will.


The words express a heartfelt longing for the joys of heaven – a happiness to be shared in a future moment of meeting. The ecstasy of this moment is certainly underlined by the soprano solo, with the repetition of key words ‘mane’, ‘gaudia’ and ‘conventus’ deepening the intensity of the yearning for bliss.https://www.patrickhawes.com/2016/12/01/quanta-qualia/
In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are defined as individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs]) meaning “of what sort” or “of what kind” in a specific instance, such as “what it is like to taste a specific apple, this particular apple now”.
Examples of qualia include the perceived sensation of pain of a headache, the taste of wine, as well as the redness of an evening sky. As qualitative characters of sensation, qualia stand in contrast to “propositional attitudes“, where the focus is on beliefs about experience rather than what it is directly like to be experiencing.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia


Ukraine: Hepatitis C Most Often Detected in Potential Donors' Blood
June 5, 2013
Vasyl Novak, director of Ukraine's Institute of Blood Pathology and Transfusion Medicine of NAMS, recently reported during a roundtable on "Infectious Safety of Donor Blood and Its Components in Ukraine" that hepatitis C is the most commonly detected virus found in the blood of potential donors in Ukraine. Negating the common misconception that infections are spread through blood donation, Novak explained that the institute often identifies individuals with infections through the blood donation process. Citing statistics for 2012, Novak reported that blood screening led to the institute rejecting 1,054 liters of donor blood due to HIV detection; 1,161 liters due to hepatitis B detection; 1,619 liters due to syphilis detection; and 3,024 liters due to hepatitis C detection.
This article was provided by CDC National Prevention Information Network. It is a part of the publication CDC HIV/Hepatitis/STD/TB Prevention News Update.
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The development of internet technologies has been constantly changing the process of learning a foreign language, but are you sure that you use a maximum of the available online tools?
Please find below a useful checklist for Mandarin learners who are familiar with hi-tech. Take advantage of the WWW by using its “treasures” in your studies!
1. Online dictionaries
The invention of online dictionaries and electronic translators was some kind of “revolution” for all people in the world. However, they are particularly useful for those studying Mandarin.
Many foreigners prefer not to learn Chinese characters, and this causes a certain complexity in usage of printed dictionaries. While using online dictionaries, the only thing you should do to get the meaning and “pinyin” is to copy and paste a character. Some dictionaries even provide animation of the stroke order that allows you to learn writing easily.
2. Online libraries and textbook collections
There are lots of online libraries and websites where you can browse textbooks for free. Some publishing houses and authors run their own websites where you can read some chapters and figure out whether you want to buy the book or not. It doesn’t matter where you live – you always have access to an enormous amount of stuff. Later, you can buy them on Amazon or other online bookstores.
3. Social media
If you need to boost your vocabulary and knowledge of grammar, there is no better resource than Mandarin-related pages on Facebook and similar regional networks. They are often run by native speakers and professional teachers, so you can really get many advantages for free.
Subscribe to as many theme pages as you can find. After that, their posts will appear in your news feed on a regular basis. Surprisingly, spending just 5 minutes per day may boost your proficiency in Mandarin.
More advanced learners may find Weibo and other Chinese social media websites handy. There you can find native speaking friends to practice your speaking and comprehension skills.
If you still hesitate to contact native-speakers, try your hand at theme groups on Facebook. There you can get advice from other students and experienced teachers.
4. Language exchange resources
Making a pen pal is a romantic but out-of-fashion way to train your language skills. There are still websites where you can find a friend for traditional mail exchange (Penpalsnow, InterPals Penpals). However, they are in strong competition with special networks for language exchange. On iTalki, Livemocha, and similar resources, you can find a Chinese friend who will help you to practice Mandarin.
5. Tools for improving writing skills
Writing is a tricky part of learning Mandarin. To make good progress, try Lang-8.com, or any other website where native speakers correct your posts. It is difficult to overestimate the value of native speakers’ feedback on your piece of writing.
6. One-to-one lessons via Skype
Language exchange is very beneficial, but its big disadvantage is inconsistency. Those aiming to achieve high proficiency in Mandarin really need the help of a professional teacher. Thanks to Skype, and other similar software, you can connect with your tutor from any place on the planet.
There are two options – either hire a private tutor or take lessons in an online school. Hiring a teacher on Touch Chinese, AllMandarin, etc. is a very flexible way to learn, since you deal with one person and do not pay extra money. Online schools charge more, but they can provide a substitution if your teacher is absent. After all, buying a package of classes is a very good motivation: you have already paid quite a big sum, so you need to carry on learning!
7. Use interactive languages courses
Chinesepod provides a great collection of interesting discussions and dialogues, as well as the possibility to learn new words and grammar. There are many interactive exercises that let you check yourself. I also like Busuu for adding elements of games and interactivity into the learning of Mandarin. This helps to stay involved in studies for a longer period of time. Some websites are integrated with Facebook, so you can share your results with your friends on social networks.
8. Online flashcards
You can either make your own or use other people’s materials. The YellowBridge website has a big collection of flashcards from various textbooks. They are sorted carefully and may be browsed very quickly. Quizlet is a funny way to create your own cards and share them with your classmates and other people who learn Mandarin.
9. Download mobile app for learning Mandarin to your mobile device
Don’t waste time when commuting back and forth! If you have a mobile device, use apps for learning Mandarin. There is a vast diversity of applications that allow you to review vocabulary and grammar when you have spare time. Download them to your tablet or smartphone and enjoy learning instead of procrastination. (Learn How to Study Chinese Bigrams with WCC Bigrams App)
10. Google search to check collocations
To write Mandarin well, it is not enough to know many words. It is also necessary to make right collocations and sentences. For example, say you are not sure about the usage of a noun and an adjective together. In this case, you can use …Google search. Add quotation marks around a collocation to tell Google to match that word precisely. See how many times it is used. For commonly used collocations and phrases, the number is usually impressive.
11. Online shopping: browse your favorite goods and learn new words along the way
You can make learning new words in Mandarin a bit more interesting and fun. Create your own vocabulary list based on new words found on e-commerce websites. The multiple images and a very well-structured intuitive interface of online shops are very handy. Here is how I have created a list of words for bags:
12. Google Images
Have you already realized the importance of visualization in learning vocabulary? Use Google Images to memorize new words. For advanced learners, this resource has a particular value for more precise translation of uncommonly used lexics.
13. Check pronunciation with special websites
If you are not sure in your pronunciation, use Google Translate or websites where you can listen to how a certain word should be pronounced.
14. Use multiple tools for learning writing in Mandarin
Skritter is one of the best in the collection of tools for learning how to write Chinese characters. When learning writing with your online teacher, use twiddla.com (an online board where you can write simultaneously and your partner will see what you are writing).
15. Listen to the radio and podcasts
Comprehension skills must be trained every day. The more you listen to Chinese speech, the more you understand. Choose your favorite podcast, or listen to the radio in Mandarin. Thanks to internet technologies, you have a large choice of channels and programs.
16. Watch videos with or without subtitles
On the web, you can find lots of videos and movies. Watching them helps you to improve comprehension skills. Subtitles are handy not only for understanding the meaning of the video but also for memorizing Chinese characters. This makes YouTube and other video collections particularly useful for learners of Mandarin. (Top Ten YouTube Channels for Learning Mandarin Chinese)
17. Learn songs by heart
Learning rhymes and songs in Mandarin is a good way of learning, and not only for kids. Similar to YouTube videos, KTV versions of beautiful Chinese songs have subtitles that teach you characters. Learning words and sentence patterns with poetry, and especially when accompanied by music, is much easier. After all, songs play an enormous role in the everyday life of Chinese people. It would never be a waste of time to learn the famous 朋友 song! Your Chinese friends will definitely appreciate this!
18. Run your own blog
There is no better way to practice writing skills and stay motivated in learning Mandarin than maintaining your own website or blog. You can either track your Mandarin studies or write about your everyday life, travel, hobbies, etc. At the very beginning, you may find it a bit challenging to write in Mandarin. However, after weeks of studies, you will find that your skills in Mandarin have improved significantly. If you are lucky enough to engage native speakers and Mandarin teachers, they will certainly point out your mistakes.
19. Use internet tools and calendars for time management
It is very important to learn Mandarin on a regular basis. Online calendars, time-managing apps, and various reminders are helpful for setting goals, planning activities, and tracking your success.
20. Read DigMandarin
Read internet websites that watch out for the trends in online learning of the Mandarin language. The editors and contributors pick the best new tools and inform you about them.
What do you think? Have you used any online tools for learning Mandarin Chinese? Please leave your comments below.


Astronomers spend their careers looking up at the sky far from Earth, but now some stargazers say their field must contend with the fact that observing the universe is contributing to their planet’s climate emergency.
new Appreciation of greenhouse gas emissions associated with all ground and space telescopes, in the journal natural astronomysays the annual carbon footprint of astronomy research infrastructure is equivalent to about 20 million metric tons from carbon dioxide.
“Just to give you some perspective – 20 million tons of CO2 – this is the annual carbon footprint of countries like Estonia, Croatia or Bulgaria,” Jürgen Knodelsderan astronomer at IRAP, an astrophysics laboratory in France.
He and colleagues at IRAP including Annie Hughes And the Luigi Tibaldo They got the idea for this study while making an estimate of greenhouse gas emissions from their institute.
“The only part missing from our assessment was the trace of the observational data,” says Knodelsdir, whose research relied, for example, on observations made with the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope.
“No study has ever attempted to account for carbon emissions due to the construction and operation of all the telescopes and space missions that astronomers use to make observations,” notes Hughes.
That’s exactly what this research team set out to do. The data was sometimes difficult to obtain, but they did their best to approximate and count the greenhouse gas emissions associated with nearly 50 space missions and 40 ground-based telescope facilities.
the most prolific Emitters were the largest and most expensive observatories, such as the new James Webb Space Telescope and the Square Kilometer Array, according to the report.
By dividing the total annual emissions by the number of astronomers worldwide, the researchers Figure that each astronomer’s share of occupational emissions is about 36 metric tons per year.
Knödlseder points out that this relates to the amount of emissions generated by driving an average car in France 165,000 km, or more than 100,000 miles.
And that’s just from using telescopes — not including things like scientists traveling to conferences, supercomputing power and office heating. “For our lab, the total is actually about 50 tons of CO2 equivalent per year for an astronomer,” he says.
Hughes believes astronomers need to lead by example when it comes to working to mitigate climate change. She says, “If we as scientists don’t react to reports and warnings from our colleagues, it’s a bit like your father telling you you shouldn’t smoke, while he himself smokes a cigarette. Why take his word so seriously?”
The researchers are urging space agencies and astronomical research funders to commit to requiring an environmental assessment of every observing facility they support, and to make it public.
What’s more, they say, until the research becomes more sustainable, through measures such as renewables, one option to reduce emissions is to slow the pace of building new, larger and more complex telescopes.
“Some of our colleagues were a bit shocked by this idea,” Tibaldo says. “What we really believe is that these options should be on the table. The emergency we are facing is very large and we clearly play a role in it through our work.”
Astronomers hope that other scientific fields will be inspired to take a similar global inventory of greenhouse gas emissions from their research infrastructure. “To my knowledge, this is the first time that this type of study has been done in any research field,” Knodelsder says.
This study is important because it draws attention to astronomy’s contribution to climate change, says Travis Rector،, an astrophysicist at the University of Alaska Anchorage and one of the group’s organizers astronomers for planet earth.
“I think the overall picture is clear that we have significant emissions associated not only with our facility operations, but also with construction,” says Rector. “And that’s something we’ve been aware of for some time. There are efforts to try and reduce emissions associated with these.”
Already, some observatories are using solar energy or are looking at greener energy options. A spokesperson for the National Science Foundation, a major funder of astronomy research, told NPR “We have explored and implemented alternatives to clean energy, such as installing solar panels at our site. North and South Gemini And we built the possibilities for future solar upgrades in buildings.”
The astronomers also discussed the climate impact of traveling to in-person professional conferences. During the pandemic, Rector notes, virtual conferences have attracted more participants than past events, indicating that there were previously unacknowledged barriers to participation.
“This has been an opportunity for us as a profession to think critically about how we do our job,” says Rector. “Are there ways we can do to reduce our carbon footprint and make it more scientifically productive?”
Although astronomy is a relatively young profession and may have less climate impact than some other human activities, he says, “that doesn’t give us the right to say, well, that’s not our problem. We realize that we are — that we need to be.” Part of the solution, too.”
“Certified music scholar. Freelance analyst. Social mediaholic. Hipster-friendly web nerd. Zombie buff.”


応用言語学の1分野として法言語学 (forensic linguistics) があります．昨日の朝の Voicy 「英語の語源が身につくラジオ (heldio)」で「#660. 「法言語学」 (forensic linguistics) とは？」として紹介しました．さらに夜の YouTube 「井上逸兵・堀田隆一英語学言語学チャンネル」で「#112. 商標の言語学 --- 五所万実さん登場」として，関連する話題について井上氏および五所氏と雑談しています．ぜひ聴取・視聴していただければ．
いくつかの用語辞典で "forensic (socio)linguistics" を引いてみました．以下，3点ほど引用します．同分野の守備範囲がおおよそ分かってくるかと思います．
forensic linguistics In Linguistics, the use of linguistic techniques to investigate crimes in which language data forms part of the evidence, such as in the use of grammatical or lexical criteria to authenticate police statements. The field of forensic phonetics is often distinguished as a separate domain, dealing with such matters as speaker identification, voice line-ups, speaker profiling, tape enhancement, tape authentification, and the decoding of disputed utterances. (Crystal, Dictionary)
forensic sociolinguistics The use of sociolinguistic knowledge and techniques in the investigation of crime, and in the prosecution and defence of people accused of crimes. Sociolinguists have been employed, for instance, to demonstrate that a defendant could not have made a telephone call recorded by police because his dialect did not tally with that on the recording; and to decode recordings of communication between criminal speaking in an antilanguage such as Pig Latin. (Trudgill)
Most stylostatistical studies are of literary works; but the same techniques can be applied to any spoken or written sample, regardless of the 'standing' of the user. In everyday life, of course, there is usually no reason to carry out a stylistic analysis of someone's usage. But when someone is alleged to have broken the law, stylisticians might well be involved, in an application of their subject sometimes referred to as 'forensic' linguistics.
Typical situations involve the prosecution arguing that incriminating utterances heard on a tape recording have the same stylistic features as those used by the defendant---or, conversely, the defence arguing that the differences are too great to support this contention. A common defence strategy is to maintain that the official statement to the police, written down and used in evidence, is a misrepresentation, containing language that would not be part of the defendant's normal usage.
Arguments based on stylistic evidence are usually very weak, because the sample size is small, and the linguistic features examined are often not very discriminating. (Crystal, Encyclopedia)
・ Crystal, David, ed. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 295--96.
・ Trudgill, Peter. A Glossary of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
・ Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: CUP, 1995. 2nd ed. 2003. 3rd ed. 2019.
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Illuminating the unique experiences of women both during and after genocide, joann digeorgio-lutz and donna gosbee’s edited collection is a vital addition to genocide scholarship. genocide is generally defined as “the intentional destruction of a particular race, ethnicity, religious group, or nationality” 1 and it is probably as old as human beings we can be sure that somewhere way back in the beginning of humans, some primitive people picked up their stone axes and spears and set off to wipe out anoth. This article takes an interest in gendered memory politics and addresses the dearth of research on gender and commemoration in relation to the genocide in rwanda it analyses elite-produced gendered narratives at key sites of commemoration and investigates their affective role in constituting the post-genocide rwandan state. Accounts of mass atrocities habitually focus on one kind of violence and its archetypal victim, inviting uncritical, ungendered misconceptions: for example, rape only impacts women genocide is only about dead, battle-aged men. This book examines the mobilization, role, and trajectory of women rescuers and perpetrators during the 1994 genocide in rwanda while much has been written about the victimization of women during the 1994 genocide in rwanda, very little has been said about women who rescued targeted victims or .
Gender and genocide resources remembering and honouring the women of bosnia is a powerful way to commemorate the genocide through the resources below, you can create an event which will:. Choice outstanding academic title 2016 genocide and gender in the twentieth century brings together a collection of some of the finest genocide studies scholars in north america and europe to examine gendered discourses, practices and experiences of ethnic cleansing and genocide in the 20th century . This article aims to shows that a consideration of gender is crucial to the understanding of the crime of genocide, because genocide is an historical process that is, at its core, about group reproduction.
Extra info for gendered experiences of genocide (voices in development management) example text an account provided by abdul-hassan muhan murad, one of the bulldozer . After genocide: gendered trauma, transmission and reinvention: call for papers conference in yerevan, may 21-22-23 2016 organised by women in war (paris) in partnership with the institute of archaeology and ethnography in yerevan. This book is essential reading on the gendered dynamics of conflict and genocide in rwanda and the democratic republic of congo (summary from worldcat). Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part the hybrid word genocide is a combination of the greek word génos (race, people) and the latin suffix-cide (act of killing). The 1948 geneva convention after the second world war described genocide as mass killing of persons during conflict on the basis of some defied criteria be it gender, race or political affiliation (bock, 2008).
The gender question in genocide goes well beyond the experiences of women and girls, the perpetration of gender-based crimes (against both men and women), or even the comparative study of the experiences of men and women. Gendered experiences of genocide: anfal survivors in kurdistan-iraq by choman hardi book review gendered experiences of genocide is, at its best, one of the most powerful accounts of the so-called anfal campaign against the kurds in iraq specifically, or genocide generally, that i have ever had the privilege to read. But during the genocide, they were also involved in perpetrating the genocide (interview victor karega of the rwandan ministry of gender, family and social affairs, november 3, 1998) (sharlach, pg 393). In this sense, we truly see a gendered genocide wherein perpetrators' intentions and actions, and victims' meaning-making and responses are all produced by and reproduce gendered thought and behavior.
Slowly but surely, over the past two years, the un and national governments have acknowledged that what the islamic state is doing to the yazidi religious minority in northern iraq and syria is genocide but for all the gravity of that word, genocide continues, daily, hourly, every moment right now . Abstract this chapter explores how the concept of gender has been deployed to understand genocide and other mass violence how do masculine and feminine roles shape women and men as genocide’s victims, perpetrators, and bystanders. Gender and genocide: exploring how genocide in bosnia was gendered and remembering hidden victims of the genocide, particularly victims of sexual violence “the men that were killed – they were destroyed quickly. The definition of genocide in international law has resulted in a silence on genocide's gendered forms, such as targeted killings of sexual minorities (homosexual men, lesbians, bisexuals, and the .
And, in light of the gender dynamics at the root of isis’s ideology and violence, gender must be at the center of accountability these atrocities are distinct crimes on their own as well as constituent acts of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. In women and genocide, human rights advocates and scholars come together to argue that the memory of trauma is gendered and that women's voices and perspectives are key to our understanding of the dynamics that emerge in the context of genocidal violence the contributors of this volume examine how women consistently are targets for the . What is genocide chances are better than not you already know what a genocide is, even if you didn't realize that genocide is the proper term used if you've ever heard of adolf hitler .
Genocide is any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group: (a) killing (b). When genocide is recognized only its most murderous articulations and gendered genocidal crimes such as rape, torture, forced pregnancy, and enslavement are ignored, states and international organizations lose much of their power to uphold the legal obligations to prevent and punish genocide. The presence of a genocide, after all, invokes broad international legal obligations under the harshest light, the omission is gender-discriminatory, ignoring the genocidal acts committed against .


The provided image is a cross-section of a pathology slide that has been stained with dye to create contrasted colors and visualize different tissues. The dye interacts with the tissues, producing a range of colors from red to pink. The image highlights the variations in tissue composition and structure.
Contrasted Colors: The use of dye in the slide staining process results in distinct color variations. The darker colors, such as deep red or burgundy, represent thicker fascial layers. Fascia is a dense connective tissue that surrounds muscles, organs, and other structures, providing support and protection.
Lighter Colors: The lighter shades of pink in the image represent fluid-filled spaces, such as adipose tissue and areas of edema. Adipose tissue, also known as fat, is a specialized connective tissue that stores energy and provides insulation. Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, resulting in swelling.
Visualization of Tissue: The image provides a visual representation of different tissues and their arrangements within the cross-section. By using contrasted colors, it allows for a better understanding of the composition and distribution of fascial layers and fluid-filled spaces.
Pathology Slide: The image is obtained from a pathology slide, which is a prepared specimen used for microscopic examination. Pathologists and healthcare professionals analyze these slides to diagnose and study various pathological conditions and abnormalities.
Insight into Tissue Composition: The contrasting colors and their distribution in the image provide insights into the composition and arrangement of tissues within the examined sample. This information can be valuable for understanding the pathology, identifying structural abnormalities, and aiding in the diagnosis of specific conditions.
Overall, this cross-section of a pathology slide stained with dye provides a visual representation of tissue variations and structures. The contrasting colors highlight differences in fascial layers, fluid-filled spaces, and provide valuable information for diagnostic and pathological analysis.


Tao Te Ching, also commonly known as Lao Tzu, is perhaps the most important of Chinese classical texts, with an unparalleled influence on Chinese thought. This bilingual edition consists of two parts. The English text in Part One is a reprint of the earlier translation of the so-called Wang Pi text, first published by Penguin Books in 1963. Part Two is the fresh translation of a text which is a conflation of two manuscripts of the Lao Tzu, dating at the latest from the early Western Han and discovered at Ma Wang Tui in December 1973. The result is a text with a fuller use of particles, free from the scribal errors and editorial tampering of subsequent ages.


Introduction to macromolecules
A macromolecule is a very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by the polymerization of smaller subunits physical chemistry of macromolecules. What are macromolecules macromolecules are organic molecules that organisms need to live (molecules made with carbon and hydrogen) macro big. Macromolecules in nutrient lab in this lab, with the use of identifying macromolecules in food lab author: gatton college of business and economics. Lab 3 - identifying macromolecules carl, jessica, and megan identifying macromolecules the introduction 4 macromolecules. Macromolecules introduction animation nutrition information for foods recipe nutrition calculator: put in your ingridients to find nutrition information. Polymers from the inside out: an introduction to macromolecules provides an all-encompassing introduction to polymers and how they affect the world.
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Wednesday, November 18, 2015
Borders and Homelands
The three excerpts for this week brought all of the reading that we have done together by representing the way in which homelands clash in the United States and the different ways people adapt and assimilate. In "Who's Irish?", a hardworking Chinese immigrant is forced to accept her daughter's rejection of her "old-fashioned" parenting techniques and subsequently her culture and ancestry. "Borders" tells a story of a Blackfoot woman who will not define herself as anything but Blackfoot,even if it means she and her son have to sleep in their car. Finally, the "Borderlands" excerpt by Anzaldua, defines the "alien consciousness" or "la mestiza", that is created by borders. Each of these stories and excerpts comments on the way in which human beings adapt to being in a new place and having a new homeland. In "Who's Irish?", the grandmother must accept that her daughter has rejected her but also must realize that she cannot generalize about Irish people, as her son-in-law's mother is extremely kind and accepting. In "Borders", the young boy witnesses his mother standing her ground for her home and her culture. She refuses to define herself as American or Canadian, even though it is only a formality and attracts so much attention that she is given what she wants. It is interesting to see the story through the young boy's eyes as he does not understand why his mother won't just give in. Once again, this shows the way in which the younger generation can be more willing and susceptible to adaptation whereas for older generations, it is harder to let go of their beliefs and former home. Finally, in the "Borderlands" excerpt, the author sums up what it is like to cross a border and become a new person and create a new home. It is about how at some point, when one crosses a border, one has to leave behind some things that characterized their past. It is hard to let go of some parts of your past home but as Anzaldua writes, "Rigidity means death....La mestiza constantly has to shift out of habitual formations". In addition, i think that the ideas expressed in the readings for this week can be applied and compared with the ideas about home and homelands that we have experienced already.


Voltaires candide the transformation of candide essay
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Lauded as an important milestone, NASA engineers have successfully connected the James Webb Space Telescope at Northrop Grumman’s facilities in California. Touted as NASA’s complex and most powerful space telescope, it will explore the planets and moons in our solar system and distant galaxies by using infrared light.
To achieve this feat, engineers carefully lifted the Webb telescope using a crane. It was slowly guided into place, by making sure all the primary points were perfectly aligned and seated properly. For now, the observatory has been mechanically connected, but in the future, it will be connected electrically and then the electric connections will be tested. Furthermore, the engineers will deploy a sun shield which is five-layered, so as to keep the telescope’s mirrors and scientific instruments cold by shielding the infrared light from the sun, moon and the earth. It is anticipated that this telescope will solve mysteries of our solar system and far-away distant galaxies.
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CATCH Professor, Luc de Witte, has participated in a large WHO meeting with Government representatives of more than 30 countries in the WHO EU region about Assistive Technology provision. A report Professor de Witte developed, along with PhD students Alice Spann and Sarah Abdi, about Assistive Technology provision in the 53 European countries formed a basis for this meeting. This is part of a global consultation process to obtain input for the Global Report on Assistive Technology the WHO is developing and of which Professor de Witte is one of the editors.
As of 2021, more than one billion people globally need assistive technology – a number that is set to double by 2050. Assistive technology can enable people living with restrictions in their day-to-day lives because of disability, noncommunicable diseases or ageing to be more independent. Broadly speaking, assistive technology can help to alleviate limitations related to the following six functional categories: hearing, vision, mobility, self-care, communication and cognition. In addition to convincing evidence of its cost-effectiveness, assistive technology has the potential to help
people living with restrictions due to ageing, disease or disability escape marginalization and become empowered to live the life they want to lead and improve their own quality of life and that of the people around them. Despite these benefits, it is estimated that only 10% of people needing assistive technology currently have access to it, even basic devices such as hearing aids or spectacles.
This scoping review aims to provide an overview of what is currently known about the prevalence and coverage of assistive technology in the WHO European Region. It is guided by the following research question: “What is the prevalence of needs, access and coverage of assistive technology and what are facilitators and barriers to access and coverage in the WHO European Region?”. Sixty-two publications included in this review were identified by searching the academic databases Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. A further 41 publications were identified by national experts within the WHO European Region and the total number of publications included in the analysis was 103. Relevant information was extracted into a data chart and analysed, using a narrative approach.
Please find the full paper here.


What is the nature of Chloroplast?
The nature of Chloroplast is as follows:
Chloroplast has divisibility and it can be divided into things called the parts of Chloroplast.
- What are the parts of Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has the equivalents of those which the others have, that is, it has comparability.
- What is comparable to Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has connectivity and it can be connected to those from which it can be separated.
- What is connected by Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has sensitivity and it is sensitive to things which can affect (influence) it.
- What can affect Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has transformability and it can be transformed (reordered) from one form to its other forms.
- What are the forms of Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has substitutability and it can be substituted by the things which qualify to substitute it.
- What can substitute for Chloroplast?
Chloroplast has satisfiability and it can satisfy those which require it.
- What is in need of Chloroplast?
See also the nature of:Edit
This wiki is based on the theory of Sivashanmugam. You can download it here File:Tos.pdf


Yet the stories Matthew tells in his Gospel have led up to this point. At the beginning of the chapter, there is the parable Jesus told about the wise and foolish bridesmaids, about those who were prepared for the unexpected delay of the bridegroom and had extra oil with them and those who were unprepared and were ultimately shut out from the wedding feast. In that parable, Jesus taught his followers about his coming again and told them, subtly but clearly, that they were to expect his return at any time, but that they might have to wait a long time.
Coming next in the Gospel of Matthew is the story we read last week, of the rich man who went abroad, leaving his money with his servants to invest on his behalf. As we know, one servant was given five talents, the next one, two and the third one just the one, even though that was still a very considerable sum. When the master returned, he called his servants to account, and the first two had dared to invest the money with which they had been entrusted, and they were warmly commended by their master. The last, the servant to whom just the one talent had been entrusted, had been so afraid of the master that he had buried the money, lest he lose any of it. The master was angry because of his timidity, for his not daring to use the talent he had been given.
In this parable, Jesus was developing the theme started in the story of the wise and foolish bridesmaids. In both, there is a period when the person who is served is away. In both, the action takes place upon his arrival or return. In both, there is a reckoning with some being commended and some being found wanting. In both, the wise ones, the obedient ones, the ones who were ready to serve the bridegroom or the master are rewarded by entering into his joyful celebration and the others, the foolish bridesmaids and the timid servant are punished by exclusion.
What we have, therefore, are two stories which are leading us in a particular direction, two stories about serving Christ, about waiting for him and being ready for him. The first introduces the idea of readiness, the second begins to indicate what we should be doing while he is away. In the parable of the talents, the servants have nothing except what the master gives them. They have no power or resources except what comes from him, though, as we noted, these are very considerable. In using what he gives them, in effect they are carrying on his work in the master’s absence. The one who does not use what he is given is, in effect, preventing his master’s work. When it is put like that, it is easy to see why the master is so angry. It is not that the servant is lazy or incompetent. It is not that the master has missed out on making a profit; it is that the third servant’s inaction has positively worked against the master’s interests. Strip away all the elements of the story to get the raw meaning and this is what you get. Those who claim to follow Christ but do not do his work, actually work against Christ. One is reminded of the phrase, “For evil to flourish, it is only necessary for good people to do nothing.”
But these stories do not complete the picture. Be prepared, the first tells us, and we ask, what are we to do to be prepared? Do Christ’s work, the second tells us, that’s how to be prepared, but we ask, what is Christ’s work? We need a third story, and Jesus tells it, starting this time with the image of a shepherd, separating his sheep from his goats. In those days, it was common to herd both sheep and goats together but it was necessary from time to time to separate them, for shearing, for milking, for over-wintering, because the sheep were hardy and could stay outside but the goats could not live through cold winter nights without shelter. But there is a terrible urgency about Jesus by this time – we are reading today the last story he told, according to Matthew, before the whirlwind of the events of his arrest, trial and crucifixion was unleashed. Quickly he abandons the image of the shepherd to speak as directly as possible. Gone is the imagery of the previous stories, the bridegroom, the rich business man. Now Christ is saying, I am the king and this is what I will do when I return to judge. All the nations will be gathered before me, but I will not judge them as nations. This is not democracy. I will judge each person. This is about individual responsibility. This is about individual accountability. And these are the terms upon which I with judge.
At last, we find out what the work which has has to be done actually consists of, and it is not perhaps what one might expect, if one had no prior knowledge of the kind of king and master Jesus is. Feeding the hungry, giving water to the thirsty, welcoming the stranger into your home, clothing the naked, looking after the ill, caring for those who are oppressed. These aren’t great and mighty deeds, requiring strength or ingenuity or courage. They are deeds of compassion, exactly the kind of things which would carry on the work of the king who comforted the bereaved, who stood up for the persecuted, healed the sick, fed the hungry crowds, provided drink at a wedding. Let’s not forget, in the midst of our wonder at the miracles Jesus performed, that so many of them were compassionate responses to everyday needs, the needs we all experience, hunger, thirst, illness, the need for comfort when we grieve, the need for protection when we are being got at.
As people say, it’s not exactly rocket science. You don’t have to be brain of Britain to work out what the work is Jesus requires of us. It is clear from the story Jesus tells his disciples about the day of judgement.
“Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’”
They are genuinely surprised. They had not suspected. The good they had done had been done instinctively. The righteous are the people who see needs and do something about them. There’s the Good Samaritan. There’s Martha feeding all her guests. There are the men who dug through a roof and lowered their crippled friend down to Jesus. Here’s the person who takes a friend to hospital. Here are the volunteers in a homeless shelter or a charity shop. Here’s the person who takes a pot of soup round to an elderly neighbour. It’s not exactly rocket science. It is instinctive compassion.
But the others were just as surprised. They ask the same question as the righteous. ‘We never saw you,’ they say to Jesus. It would be tempting to think of this as a minor lapse – looking in the wrong place through no fault of their own. But remember the third servant. Those who do not do Christ’s work, even by doing nothing, are working against him.
This story brings us face to face with Christ our king, the king who will ultimately judge each one of us. It tells us how he wants to be served by the people he has called to him. It gives us a clear choice, to emulate the instinctive compassion of Christ or to ignore the needs of others, and it reminds us of the consequences of that choice, entering into the pleasure of Christ or enduring his anger. As we go forward from next week into the season of Advent and prepare ourselves for the celebration of our Saviour’s birth we would do well to hold in mind how Matthew’s Gospel proceeds from this point, through the story of the suffering, the death and the resurrection of Christ. It is in these days in Jerusalem that we see the true measure of Christ, who asks us to care for the suffering because he knows exactly what it is to suffer.


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In 1924 the Bureau of Reclamation and the Utah State Water Storage Commission gave approval to construct a dam and reservoir at Echo. Construction of Echo Dam began November 26, 1927 and was completed in 1931.
Weber River Water Users Association is a non-profit company organized on January 9, 1926 for the purpose of purchasing, leasing, acquiring and constructing dams and appurtenant water facilities. WRWUA is governed by a non member board of Directors.
Weber River water was the first used by new settlers for irrigation in about 1848, when Utah was still a territory. By 1896 when Utah became a state, more than 100 canal companies had begun to divert water from the river or its tributaries, establishing rights to all of the normal summer flows. By 1900, about 3,000 acres of land were irrigated from the Weber and Ogden rivers. The fertile soil and the favorable climate made it possible to raise fruits and vegetables of excellent quality even through Utah is a desert region and ranks as the second driest state in the nation. However, as more land was developed and the water diversions increased, the late summer natural flows were not sufficient to irrigate all of the land.
Storage of spring flood flows was undertaken to overcome shortages during the late irrigation season and drought periods. The 3,850 acre foot East Canyon Reservoir was constructed by DWCCC in 1884 on East Canyon Creek as one of the first water storage projects. The reservoir was enlarged in 1900 to 8,500 acre feet, then in 1902 to 13,800 acre feet, and then from 1915 to 1916 to 29,000 acre feet, Numerous smaller reservoirs, ranging in size to approximately 1,900 acre feet in capacity, were also constructed by irrigation companies during this early storage development period.
On January 3, 1922, Reclamation and the Utah Water Storage Commission signed a contract that provided for Federal investigations of irrigation projects in the Weber River drainage basin. These studies culminated in the construction of three Federal Reclamation projects: the Weber River Project


A new technology makes spray-on antennae possible, Amazon is hiking its minimum wage in the U.S. and the U.K., and Netflix has a new trick up its sleeve.
Trending on Google, spray-on antennas. Developed at Drexel University, these spray-on antennas are developed based on a special type of two-dimensional inorganic compounds called “Maxine” (MXene). While it’s not 2D in the literal sense, a sheet of this material is 100,000 times thinner than a sheet of paper. Why does it matter? Drexel explains in this Youtube video:
Spray-on antennas can easily be applied to just about anything to turn it into a connected device. And the antennae can be shaped anyway you like.
Trending on Reddit, Amazon has raised its minimum wage in the U.S. to $15 per hour. The change will take effect next month, affecting more than 250,000 Amazon employees and an additional 100,000 seasonal employees. The change is prompted after some tough criticism of this trillion-dollar firm. U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders introduced legislation last month called the “Bezos Act.” It called for taxes on corporations based on every dollar that their workers receive in government health-care benefits and food stamps. Amazon wages will also be raised in the United Kingdom, to 10.5 pounds per an hour in London and 9.5 pounds in other parts of the country. No details about any changes to Amazon workers in Canada have been announced.
Trending on LinkedIn, Netflix is going to let viewers choose their own endings in an upcoming episode of Black Mirror. The online streaming service may have other “Choose your own adventure” style shows that will be out before the end of this year. It’s already tried this interactive approach with some recent children’s programming, but this will be the first time it tries the same tactic for adults.


How fibre optics fire detection technology is improving safety on underground mines.
Once an underground mine fire is ignited it can be very difficult to put it out, with serious consequences for the mine, environment and the nearby community’s health and wellbeing. The Centralia mine fire in Pennsylvania, United States, is one example of fire that has been burning for over 50 years. Another example is the Mount Wingen coal seam fire in Australia which has been burning for 6,000 years.
Critical spots such as conveyor belt entries and other underground locations where significant combustible materials accumulate need special attention in that sense. These hot spots combined with the level of humidity and air pressure variations can impact the underground working environment, compromise equipment operation and life span. They can also create spontaneous combustion, especially of coal, leading to underground mine fires.
The causes of underground mine fires in coal mines are difficult to detect early with traditional fire and heat detection systems. These older technologies also require costly ongoing maintenance and often struggle to perform effectively in dust-filled and rugged mining environments. Underground mines can develop significant hot spot areas due to many factors including:
- Geological conditions such as spontaneous combustion,
- Length and depth of mine,
- Layout of tunnel routes, inclines, corners, crossroads and dead ends,
- Heat generating equipment such as electrical substations, mechanical crushers and diesel vehicles,
- Failure of lighting or power outlets in the area igniting coal dust,
- Diesel engine fires on mobile equipment and vehicles, and
- Hot hydraulic oil sprays and or leakages.
A number of research and experiments are being conducted to test the effectiveness and safety of different systems in harsh mining conditions. A recent fire experiment conducted by The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was intended to evaluate the performance of carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke sensor systems in underground mines, specifically at low ventilation velocities in a belt entry.
The results reveal that the lower air flow velocity of underground mines causes delays for carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke sensors to detect a fire, potentially leading to critical issues. This can pose a risk for employees that are on the underground site, the mining expensive equipment and its operations. The NIOSH research highlights that:
Another aspect that needs to be considered is that mine equipment, both fixed and mobile, is becoming more autonomous nowadays. With less personnel around, reliance on people to spot hazards early is reduced and progressively might not be available whatsoever, especially on underground mines. Underground mines with a labyrinth of vehicle, conveyor belt roadways and mined out tunnels present an even higher risk of fire incidents. In these challenging sites, effective systems and sensors are more important than ever to spot hazards early.
To demonstrate the early detection feature, the diagram below compares the Photonics Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology with conventional systems in case of a fire and the different timelines involved in each system.
The graph shows how an abnormal heat build-up at the development phase, or smouldering phase, is detected significantly earlier with fibre optics DTS technology if compared to other systems and its effectiveness to detect potential fires or abnormal conditions early on.
Underground mine fire detection project
In a recent project, the Photonics Technology was implemented in the underground site and the project included the design, supply, commissioning, installation advice and testing support in the mine. The site had approximately 22 km of underground tunnels with five belt road conveyors and two with trippers.
The risks identified for the underground site were:
- The lack of a fire detection system in the underground mine represented a critical risk to staff, mining operations and the environment and
- Conveyor drive head areas, trippers, disused tunnels (source of spontaneous combustion) identified as fire hazard areas with the more serious consequences.
The site required:
- A cost-effective total fire detection coverage of tunnels and conveyor drive head areas. This would have been extremely expensive with traditional technologies to install and maintain thousands of devices in the mine. With DTS technology this is achieved with a single cable that monitors the whole area,
- A solution that did not demand regular maintenance after installed due to the difficult access and vast size of the underground mine, and
- Early warning, prior to fire starting, with accurate centralised alarming with localisation of abnormal heat build-up areas, before potential incidents.
How the DTS system works
The certified DTS system was selected for this project as a cost-effective solution to not only detect a fire but provide early warning of smouldering coal as well. This feature allows early intervention to address potential hazards, such as spontaneous combustion, before any fire arises.
The system sets the early warning of potential fires which allows the company to prevent and detect accidents with a complete set of real time data in hands for a reliable, safe and practical solution. This is provided by the continuous transmission of temperatures in real time along the entire route of the cable into the site’s SCADA system.
The system utilises two fibre cores in both new and existing fibre optic cables. This was a significant saving for this specific mining client, as they had multi-core fibre optic cable already installed on site used for camera and data networks. These two cores were fusion spliced at their endpoint, forming a loop configuration to provide a higher level of redundancy.
Temperature readings with precise location are transmitted to the site’s SCADA system which provides a full temperature profile along the entire length of the fibre cable. This also assists in identifying abnormal hot spots along the route through its SCADA operator displays. Alarms and historical trends are also kept in the system, which can be an insightful source of information to prevent future incidents. An overall system layout diagram is shown below.
The DTS monitoring provides accurate temperature and its precise location, while traditional underground systems are localised and only provide approximated overall temperatures along a few points in the mine. The DTS accuracy gets as close as 0.5 metre throughout the mine, allowing interventions to be specific and effective. This is especially relevant for underground mines with long distances, conveyor belts and mined out tunnels.
Besides that, the photonics technology requires zero maintenance after installed, has high accuracy and is fully integrated to the site control system. The solution also complies with all requirements and mining regulations in Australia, as well as International standards and certifications.
Advanced Photonics’ DTS system meets the highest technical and safety requirements for use in underground mines, with the key benefits:
- Very low power laser: 17mW continuous power compared to the 35mW maximum stated for underground coal mines,
- Highest levels of EPL (equipment protection levels) for hazardous areas in mine firedamp, gas and dust environments,
- Highest reliability in the event of alarms (SIL2 rated to AS61508), based on a MTBF of greater than 75 years,
- Immunity to electro-magnetic interference (EMI) and
- No maintenance required, the DTS cable is the sensor and the only equipment in the field.
In summary, our system allows the underground mine to:
- Take action before a fire takes hold,
- Manage evacuation and fire-fighting activities,
- Take informed decisions with real time data and
- Provide an accurate history of events for post-fire investigations.
Photonics technology: the best technical and cost-effective solution to provide total mine coverage and early warning of abnormal heat build-up around equipment and whole areas.
Advanced Photonics Australia
Advanced Photonics Australia provides cutting-edge technology to safeguard your operations and people. The solutions can be applied to detect and prevent fires in mines, as well as other industry applications such as pipeline leakage detection, power cable and transmission line hotspot and load management. Contact Advanced Photonics Australia for more information. Our experienced team will provide the right support on each product application and answer any questions you might have.
- Mining Topic: Fire Detection – The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)- https://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/Mining/topics/fires.html


Early Origins of the Neesworthey family
The surname Neesworthey was first found in London where they held a family seat
as Lords of the Manor. The Saxon influence of English history diminished after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. The language of the courts was French for the next three centuries and the Norman ambience prevailed. But Saxon surnames survived and the family name was first referenced in the 13th century when they held estates in that city.
Early History of the Neesworthey family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Neesworthey research.Another 263 words (19 lines of text) covering the years 1510, 1600, 1086, 1455, 1487 and 1505 are included under the topic Early Neesworthey History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Neesworthey Spelling Variations
Before the last few hundred
years, the English language had no fast system of spelling rules. For that reason, spelling variations
are commonly found in early Anglo-Saxon
surnames. Over the years, many variations of the name Neesworthey were recorded, including Knesworth, Kneesworth, Kneysworth, Kneworth, Kneyworth, Neeworth, Neworth, Knesworthe, Kneysworthy, Knesworthy, Neesworthy and many more.
Early Notables of the Neesworthey family (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Neesworthey Notables in all our PDF Extended History products
and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Neesworthey family to the New World and Oceana
To escape oppression and starvation at that time, many English families left for the "open frontiers" of the New World with all its perceived opportunities. In droves people migrated to the many British colonies, those in North America in particular, paying high rates for passages in cramped, unsafe ships. Although many of the settlers did not make the long passage alive, those who did see the shores of North America perceived great opportunities before them. Many of the families that came from England
went on to make essential contributions to the emerging nations of Canada and the United States. Research into various historical records revealed some of first members of the Neesworthey family emigrate to North America: the name represented in many forms and recorded from the mid 17th century in the great migration from Europe. Migrants settled in the eastern seaboard from Newfoundland, to Maine, to Virginia, the Carolinas, and to the islands..


Note: To protect the privacy of our members, e-mail addresses have been removed from the archived messages. As a result, some links may be broken.
How does the art teacher assess a student's work?
First of all, there is a difference between assessment and
evaluation. Assessment is the "mechanics" of evaluation.
As far as an understanding of evaluation in art education is
concerned you could do no better than read Elliot Eisner on the
Evaluation involves you getting information about the child's work.
You first have to decide *who* will evaluate - you? The child? The
Next you have to decide the context - will you compare the child's
work with a set of standardized criteria, or with other members of
the class, or will you compare the child's present performance with
his/her past performance?
You also have to decide *what* you will evaluate. Will it be skill
development? aesthetic development? creative growth? or what? Skill
development is relatively easy to measure, of course. The other
areas are a little more difficult. Edmund Burke Feldman may help
Whatever combination of these aspects of art education you choose,
your choice obviously has to be based on empirical data. (Otherwise,
The most important point is that, in reality, when you evaluate
children's artwork you are actually evaluating your own art program
and your own teaching.
I believe *every* art program must be based on a firm set of
principles or rationales which demonstrate your understanding of art,
of teaching, and of children. Art programs based on firm principles
are of inestimable benefit to children. Art programs based on little
thought and on little understanding are probably damaging to
children. They are certainly damaging to the status of art in
If you are looking for ideas or thoughts on planning your art program
there is plenty of information available from the Getty Foundation or from your
national association (the NAEA).
To get back to the point: once you have established a sound
philosophical basis for your program you can obviously start
formulating aims/goals for it. For example, if you believe that one
of the rationales for your art program is to foster aesthetic
sensitivity in your students, then you can decide ways in which this
may be achieved - visits, visitors, having children explore artworks
in your classroom, getting children to develop a critical vocabulary
in this area, etc.
Once you've set down these more concrete goals it is easy to see what
you have to evaluate, isn't it? You can now discover whether the
children have developed a critical vocabulary, you can discover
whether the strategies they employ to explore artworks have become
more sensitive, more subtle, and so on. And you can do this for each
of the goals of your program.
Evaluation, then, is a means to measure the effectiveness of your art
program and your art teaching, via the children's artwork.
I hope this has helped you.
(Dr) Philip Perry


- A Cleaner, Greener Jax
- Birmingham RISEs Up
- Community Prosecution Fights Blight
- Blight Remediation in the Southeast
- Community Engagement
Fighting Neighborhood Blight
Urban blight can be thought of as an epidemic of abandoned, vacant, or problem properties and is an issue throughout the United States. Communities experiencing losses of employment and population or other economic hardships may find themselves with an oversupply of such properties. The characteristics of blight—dilapidated and boarded-up structures, overgrown vegetation, and even fire damage—act like a contagion to neighborhoods. Over time, a lack of investment in a blighted neighborhood may reach a tipping point where the reversal of this trend, or the revitalization of the area, proves incredibly challenging.
Recently, researchers from the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta's Community and Economic Development (CED) department spoke with local stakeholders in New Orleans and Macon about the root causes and consequences of blight in their communities as well as various strategies that have been adopted to eliminate blight. The results were published in a discussion paper, "Blight Remediation in the Southeast: Local Approaches to Design and Implementation," by Ann Carpenter, Emily Mitchell, and former CED intern Shelley Price.
Both New Orleans and Macon have experienced a declining population in the urban core combined with suburbanization, a loss of jobs, a weak real estate market, and, in the case of New Orleans, the destructive power of hurricanes. These issues have resulted in a large number of blighted residential properties—around 40,000 in New Orleans and 3,000 in Macon, according to recent estimates.
These properties tend to cluster in already-devastated neighborhoods, disproportionately affecting low-income and racial- and ethnic-minority households. In order to promote a healthy economy and reduce the negative consequences associated with blight, such as reduced health and public safety outcomes and the loss of household wealth and tax revenue, New Orleans and Macon have developed extensive networks of organizations and individuals with a keen interest in fighting blight.
New Orleans and Macon were selected as case studies, with dozens of interviews conducted with representatives from each city. While other communities arose as potential case study subjects, the consensus from those familiar with the topic was that New Orleans and Macon have each experienced significant blight and are leaders in the Southeast in creating and refining robust strategies for combating it. Interview subjects were chosen from departments engaged in blight remediation such as city leadership (mayoral staff, city council, and county commissioners), code enforcement, housing authorities, development authorities, community and economic development, and planning and zoning; community-based organizations and other nonprofits such as community development corporations and neighborhood leaders; and academics and think tanks.
Anti-blight strategies fall into various categories: real property data information systems; vacant property condition surveys; vacant property registration ordinances; cleaning, greening, beautification, and safety improvements; code enforcement combined with administrative remedies, civil injunctions, and criminal prosecutions; nuisance abatement; demolition; land banking; delinquent property tax enforcement; spot blight eminent domain or expropriation; and vacant property receivership. For each of these strategies, a summary along with governing ordinances and legislation and legal, policy, and funding issues can be found on page 9 of the paper.
Both New Orleans and Macon have convened a diverse and wide-reaching array of partners for their respective anti-blight programs. In New Orleans, interviewees frequently cited the importance of partnerships and indicated a list of at least 54 different individuals and organizations such as city and state agencies, nonprofits, neighborhood organizations, foundations, and academia that were involved in blight remediation efforts, an overwhelming number of which were locally based in New Orleans. A unique feature in Macon has been the awareness raised by the local Macon Telegraph newspaper, which printed a blight exposé authored by the Mercer University Center for Collaborative Journalism ("The House Next Door"). Partnerships, along with strong leadership and active champions, have been critical to the success of both cities' blight remediation work.
Based on the information provided by stakeholders in New Orleans and Macon, recommendations for successfully reducing blight include:
- High-level strategies such as data collection and visualization to understand the extent of blight, development of a comprehensive strategy with input from all stakeholders based on the data, and utilization of transparent and realistic metrics to benchmark and calibrate action.
- Organizational recommendations such as foster partnerships and strong leadership, involve technical experts, recruit capable staff in key areas like inspections and investigations, and prioritize funding with local need, often by targeting the hardest-hit neighborhoods with focused investment.
- Policy and legal system recommendations that specifically acknowledge or revamp state and local regulations that present barriers, use code enforcement more effectively, avoid eminent domain due to the legal and financial burdens associated with this approach, and embrace land banking as a conduit for revitalization.
- Public participation recommendations that provide easy entry points for residents, design user-friendly communications, incorporate feedback from the public, and engage formalized neighborhood groups as a foray into the social fabric of communities.
Blight remediation in both cities has had various value-added benefits, such as increased property values, more collaboration, and greater civic pride. However, criticisms exist. In New Orleans, gentrification pressures are a concern near higher-rent areas. Low-income households may also be unduly burdened by stricter code enforcement, without the means to pay for fines and repairs. In Macon, many residents would still like to see local government do more to eliminate unsafe or unsightly conditions in their neighborhoods. While these negative impacts are significant and should be addressed (for example, through household-level direct assistance), they should not preclude anti-blight activities that will improve the overall quality of life.
The lessons learned from New Orleans and Macon are applicable to many communities in the Southeast and beyond, although it should be noted that the local context is important in devising an effective anti-blight strategy. For example, state enabling legislation and civic capacity can vary greatly. Nevertheless, these examples demonstrate the need for solutions that address policy, process, and organizational structures.
By Ann Carpenter, CED adviser, and Emily Mitchell, senior analyst


To understand the significance of the title of the novel ‘One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ brainstorm everything you know about Cuckoos. For example, the fact that they don’t build their own nest, they kick out the other chicks when they are born, they are fed by a bird who is not their real mother. Can they see how this relates to the novel?
The title is clearly allegorical in its intent. The “cuckoo’s nest” is the hospital, and the one who “flew over” it is McMurphy. The full nursery rhyme is quoted in Part 4 by the chief, as he remembers his childhood while awaking from a shock treatment. It was part of a childhood game played with him by his Indian Grandmother:
Ting. Tingle, tingle, tremble toes, she’s a good fisherman, catches hens, puts ‘em inna pens…wire blier, limber lock, three geese inna flock…one flew east, one flew west, one flew over the cuckoo’s nest…O-U-T spells out…goose swoops down and plucks you out.
You should try to work out who the characters in the rhyme relate to in the novel. It is also worth mentioning at this point the symbolism of birds which runs throughout the novel.
Try to link to Chief and McMurphy, the goose who flies over the cuckoo’s nest is McMurphy, the “chief bullgoose loony”; the one he “plucks out” is the chief, who escapes at the end of the novel following McMurphy’s teaching.
In the line “Tingle, tingle tremble toes” is clearly the Big Nurse, who catches the inmates like hens and encourages them to peck one another to death in the “pen” of the ward, where they are kept locked in. That she is “a good fisherman,” a “fisher of men,” recalls McMurphy’s fishing expedition and its symbolic overtones linking McMurphy with Christ, but her purpose is to imprison, rather than to liberate, her catch.


This course explores the use of different types of media (e.g., text, images, sound, animation) to convey ideas and facilitate interaction. Topics include the design and use of a range of software tools for media creation and editing, covering image, sound, animation and video. This knowledge will be applied to authoring web sites.
Extra Information: 2 lecture hours, 2 laboratory/tutorial hours.
Course Weight: 0.50
Subject Code: COMPSCI
This Course is Mentioned in the Following Calendar Pages:


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Absenteeism is an employee's intentional or habitual absence from work. While employers expect workers to miss a certain number of workdays each year, excessive absences can equate to decreased productivity and can have a major effect on company finances, morale and other factors. This article looks at the causes of absenteeism, the costs of lost productivity and what employers can do to reduce absenteeism rates in the workplace.
Causes of Absenteeism
People miss work for a variety of reasons, many of which are legitimate and others less so. Some of the common causes of absenteeism include (but are not limited to):
- Bullying and harassment - Employees who are bullied or harassed by coworkers and/or bosses are more likely to call in sick to avoid the situation
- Burnout, stress and low morale - Heavy workloads, stressful meetings/presentations and feelings of being unappreciated can cause employees to avoid going into work. Personal stress (outside of work) can lead to absenteeism.
- Childcare and eldercare - Employees may be forced to miss work in order to stay home and take care of a child/elder when normal arrangements have fallen through (for example, a sick caregiver or a snow day at school) or if a child/elder is sick.
- Depression - According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of absenteeism in the United States is depression. Depression can lead to substance abuse if people turn to drugs or alcohol to self-medicate their pain or anxiety.
- Disengagement - Employees who are not committed to their jobs, coworkers and/or the company are more likely to miss work simply because they have no motivation to go.
- Illness - Injuries, illness and medical appointments are the most commonly reported reasons for missing work (though not always the actual reason). Not surprisingly, each year during the cold and flu season, there is a dramatic spike in absenteeism rates for both full-time and part-time employees.
- Injuries - Accidents can occur on the job or outside of work, resulting in absences. In addition to acute injuries, chronic injuries such as back and neck problems are a common cause of absenteeism.
- Job hunting - Employees may call in sick to attend a job interview, visit with a headhunter or work on their resumes/CVs.
- Partial shifts - Arriving late, leaving early and taking longer breaks than allowed are considered forms of absenteeism and can affect productivity and workplace morale.
Costs of Lost Productivity
The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index surveyed 94,000 workers across 14 major occupations in the U.S. Of the 77% of workers who fit the survey's definition of having a chronic health condition (asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes, heart attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or obesity), the total annual costs related to lost productivity totaled $84 billion. According to the survey, the annual costs associated with absenteeism vary by industry, with the greatest loss occurring in professional occupations (excluding nurses, physicians and teachers); the 14 occupations and corresponding costs of lost productivity are shown in Figure 1.
|Occupation||Annual cost of lost productivity due to absenteeism (in billions)|
|Professional (excluding nurses, physicians and teachers)||$24.2|
|School teachers (K-12)||$5.6|
According to Absenteeism: The Bottom-Line Killer, a publication of workforce solution company Circadian, unscheduled absenteeism costs roughly $3,600 per year for each hourly worker and $2,650 each year for salaried employees. The costs can be attributed to many factors including:
- Wages paid to absent employees
- High-cost replacement workers (overtime pay for other employees and/or temporary workers)
- Administrative costs of managing absenteeism
- Poor quality of goods/services resulting from overtime fatigue or understaffing
- Reduced productivity
- Excess manager time (dealing with discipline and finding suitable employee replacements)
- Safety issues (inadequately trained employees filling in for others, rushing to catch up after arriving as a replacement, etc)
- Poor morale among employees who have to "fill in" or do extra work to cover absent coworkers
Absenteeism is an especially difficult problem to tackle, because there are both legitimate and poor excuses for missing work - and it can be challenging for employers to effectively monitor, control and reduce absenteeism. Unless a company requires a written excuse from a doctor, for example, it can be difficult to determine if an employee is actually sick when missing work. At the same time, however, it is important for employers to consider the added costs associated with a sick employee who spreads an illness that gets the whole division - or a lot of customers - sick.
To address problems like this, some companies, cities and states have moved toward a mandatory paid sick leave policy, where each employee receives a specified number of days each year to use when sick.
Opponents of mandatory sick leave argue that it will ultimately cost businesses more money and lead to increased layoffs. In addition, opponents have concerns that employees will use all their sick days whether or not they need them. Advocates of such a move, however, argue that paid sick leave makes economic sense because it will help stop the spread of communicable diseases in the workplace and in schools - resulting in fewer instances of absenteeism in the long run - and that sick employees will be able to recover sooner.
The Centers for Disease Control, for example, states that paid sick leave could have an especially significant impact in the food service industry, where it estimate that sick food handlers are responsible for 53% of norovirus (a particularly nasty form of stomach virus) outbreaks. - One sick food handler could theoretically infect dozens or even hundreds of people, resulting in a large number of absences that could have been avoided if that employee had simply stayed home. Unfortunately, workers often either need the money or are worried about being terminated for calling in sick - even if it's unpaid leave - so they go to work even if they know they are contagious.
In an effort to reduce absenteeism, some companies offer incentives for going to work, such as earned time off or lotteries for workers who do not have any unexcused absences within a certain period. Other firms might try a more proactive approach, putting policies in place to focus on responses to employee health concerns, including:
- Physical health
- Psychological health
- Work-home balance
- Environmental health
- Economic health
The Bottom Line
Absenteeism costs U.S. companies billions of dollars each year in lost productivity, wages, poor quality of goods/services and excess management time. In addition, the employees who do show up to work are often burdened with extra duties and responsibilities to fill in for absent employees, which can lead to feelings of frustration and a decline in morale.
Occasional absences from work are inevitable - people get sick or injured, have to take care of others, or need time during business hours to handle personal business. It is the habitual absences that are most challenging to employers, and that can have the greatest negative effect on coworkers. Because missed work days have a profound financial effect on a company's bottom line, it is beneficial for most businesses to implement strategies to equitably monitor, reduce and respond to absenteeism.
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COVID-19 Coronavirus is as much an ecological disaster as it is a medical one. Initially it appears to be a unique experience centered in Wuhan, China. It emanates from an environment of incinerated pig waste, airborne particles, and low vitamin D blood levels in winter, and weakened immune systems, particularly among smokers, drinkers and the elderly.
It is believed both the Spanish flu of 1918 and the COVID-19 coronavirus began as zoonotic (animal to human) infections. Not from bats as first reported in the Wuhan COVID-19 outbreak, but rather from pigs, and pig waste.
The 1918 Spanish flu pandemic began in the midst of an infectious pig slaughter of undiscovered cause, a few hundred miles from Camp Funston, what is Fort Riley today. Similarly, the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus outbreak began in the Wuhan, China area in the wake of a massive kill-off of pigs who were dying from African Swine Flu.
Viral outbreaks arise in winter, but so does tuberculosis.
Some types of mycobacteria do not have cell walls and can mimic the appearance of a virus under the microscope.
Antibiotics cannot be used for viruses. If a virus, then why aren't antiviral drugs working but antibiotics are?
COVID-19 coronavirus may just be a "passenger virus," not the primary microbial organism that kills by filling the lower lungs with fluid.
Both the current Wuhan COVID-19 coronavirus and tubercular mycobacteria do not tend to infect or cause serious disease in young children roughly 5-12 years of age.