This report addresses key issues based on recent research on language and literacy in the African context, including teacher education, and outlines key findings and recommendations for research and practice based on the review of the literature. The dramatic increase in enrollment of students in the last few decades has led to greater demand for teachers and attention to quality of education, as expressed in the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 and later in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, number 4) in 2015. Quality education is also a priority in the Global Affairs Canada’s new policy on international assistance. Twenty-first-century skills, such as active learning, problem-solving, critical thinking, independent thinking, and information and communication technology (ICT) skills, are key to quality education. Although these skills are often mentioned in the policy documents, there is need for more research on how these can be implemented in practice.
The report is divided into Part I and Part II. Part I reviews focal areas of research and is based on academic articles and reports. Part II presents case studies of policies and teacher education, with a focus on 21st century skills, from six countries associated with CODE’s work in Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania. These case studies provide insight into the key issues discussed in Part I of the report.
Part I: Focal Areas of Research
1. Stages of Education
The increase in primary school enrolment leads to greater demand for secondary education, and retention and quality are increasingly important issues for educators and policy makers. Vulnerable children are in particular need of support, both through regular schooling and targeted programs that ensure that all children have equal access to a caring learning environment. The recommendations for research are:
- Research how early childhood education (ECE) can be based on African realities and practices. In developing ECE research and practice, care should be taken to consider the differences between Western ECE and childrearing practices, which may not always be relevant or suitable in an African context. Research should uncover how African realities, practices, and local knowledge can be taken into account as this field develops.
- Research how to increase support for vulnerable children. Children with disabilities, HIV/AIDS, orphans, and other vulnerable children are in need of particular attention within a school setting. Research should inquire into how literacy and other interventions can be as inclusive as possible and support vulnerable children, such as by integrating counseling, community involvement, and classroom practices into literacy development initiatives.
2. Language of Instruction
Language is a contentious issue education in Africa, where the colonial languages of English, French, and Portuguese are often seen as competing with African languages. Research clearly supports teaching in local African languages, but this is only partly the policy in most countries. The recommendations for research are:
- Research how to implement language planning and literacy instruction in tandem. Many teachers struggle to teach in a language in which they have little reading and writing experience. Teaching in these languages, then, requires concerted efforts of both language planning and language-specific literacy instruction, and research is needed to explore how to develop languages and teach literacy in these languages at the same time. This includes researching how to teach features specific to a language, such as tones, digraphs, and blends, and how to develop specialized vocabulary used in textbooks.
- Research how to promote mother tongue-based multilingual education. Research should investigate and document how to expand the use of local languages to upper primary, which currently only takes place in a few countries. There is the need for a much better understanding of what is required to do this on a larger scale, including what corpus planning efforts are required. Focus should be on practical, structural, and administrative aspects, not just learning outcomes.
3. Literacy Materials and Publishing
Print literacy materials, such as textbooks and storybooks, are key to helping students develop high levels of literacy. Yet there are often few textbooks and storybooks in African schools, particularly in African languages. Increasing the number of books available to students is important, but teachers’ use of textbooks and storybooks in the classroom is also key, as making books available does not necessarily mean they will be utilized effectively. The publishing industry faces challenges from low demand and import of books from abroad. The recommendations for research are:
- Research how to support teachers in using textbooks and storybooks. Providing storybooks or textbooks does not always mean that these are read or used in effective ways. Research should explore and guide the effective use of literacy materials in ways that are conducive to learning. Building on existing practices, such as shared choral reading, and retelling stories, are starting points that research should investigate further.
- Research how textbooks and storybooks can promote gender equality. The recent literature on African textbooks describes a tendency for textbooks to promote gender equality, but sometimes at odds with traditional gender norms. More research is required to learn how gender equality can be promoted while reflecting contemporary African societies, such as through the development or adaption of textbooks and storybooks, and reception studies of these new materials.
4. ICT and Digital Resources
ICT is often seen as a promising contribution to education in Africa and elsewhere, but there are high costs and technical and implementation challenges associated with introducing digital devices to schools. ICT is more than devices for end-users, however. Open educational resources are important for sharing and creating materials, particularly in African languages. The recommendations for research are:
- Research the development and use of openly licensed books and other resources. Although openly licensed children’s stories are increasingly available online, there is little knowledge about how these stories can best be made accessible to students. Research is needed to shed light on digital and print modes of delivery, and how this can be implemented. Teachers’ use of stories could be explored through action research, where teachers and researchers work together to learn how Open Educational Resources (OERs) can best be used in the particular context teachers are working in.
5. Teaching and Teacher Education
Teacher education programs are expanding rapidly across Africa to meet the demand for teachers caused by the growth in enrollment. The quality of teacher education is often raised as a concern, and newly qualified teachers require more support. Learner-centered teaching is frequently promoted, although there is a lack of clarity regarding what this entails in the African context. The use of scripted lessons is often introduced through development programs, but research on their effectiveness compared to other interventions is needed. The recommendations for research are:
- Research how to improve early literacy instruction, particularly in the mother tongue, in teacher education programs. How to teach early literacy in teacher colleges is in need of greater attention, as this was identified as one of the key issues in the literature. Research on improving early literacy instruction in teacher education programs would help strengthen this crucial and foundational aspect of education. There is particular need to pay attention to teaching literacy in the mother tongue, which is relatively new in some countries. Research can contribute to our understanding of how the use of literacy materials can be integrated into early literacy instruction.
- Research how literacy initiatives can take existing teaching practices into consideration. Learner-centered teaching is one of the most pervasive pedagogical ideas and promoted in many African curricula, but also hotly contested. Research should examine how learner-centered literacy initiatives can be best implemented in an African context. Such research can help clarify how principles of learner-centered education can contribute to higher levels of student engagement within African school settings.
Part II: Case Studies
Part II of this report includes case studies of six focal countries, particularly with respect to language and literacy policies and teacher education. This part is based on policy documents and curricula from the Anglophone countries in which CODE operates – Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania, with particular attention to 21st century skills, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, independent thinking, and ICT. The recommendations for research based on the findings from the case studies are:
- Research how to strengthen connections between theory and practice in teacher education programs. Research should investigate how teacher candidates can develop pedagogical content knowledge and bridge theory, policy, and practice. Possible avenues for this include action research where tutors and student candidates model principles and elements of teaching, such as word recognition or anticipating story development. Video might be used in documenting and disseminating such enhanced practices that have been developed and tried out through research.
- Research the implementation of policies on teacher education. Research is needed to investigate how policies on teacher education are translated into practice, and how the realization of the goals put forth in policies can best be fulfilled. many policies mention 21st century skills, but very few outline how these can be integrated into teacher education programs. Research that specifically addresses this issue would contribute to making these policies more relevant and help achieve their aim of higher quality education.


Alcohol addiction is not a weakness, but a disease.
Crack, as we know is a cheap alternative to the fashionable practice of freebasing cocaine.
Co-occurring disorders may contribute to the progression of drug dependency and or an eating disorder.
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition which is triggered by either experiencing.
Heroin, or diamorphine, is a severelydodgy opioid analgesic, and people who consume this drug recreationally,.
Marijuana or Weed drug has become more popular with the users of all ages. According to the USNI (United States National Institute on Drug Abuse),
Serenity Total Health is renowned for our drug abuse treatment programs which feature medically assisted detoxification.
Behavioral disorders are quite common in today’s society. These comprise a spectrum of disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Prescription drug abuse is not a new addiction. In reality, people have been abusing prescription drugs for over a decade now.
LSD is one such drug taken by nearly one in ten Americans, as per the data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.


According to results from the CARE-ROP study, Low doses of anti-VEGF therapy with ranibizumab are effective in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The study findings were published in the JAMA Pediatrics
All news from Anaesthesiology
According to this study, Hisayama Study is an ongoing, population-based epidemiologic study in the town of Hisayama, which is in a suburb of the Fukuoka metropolitan area on Kyushu Island, Japan. Whether the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or arachidonic acid (AA) affects the risk of cancer remains unclear, and the association between the serum EPA:AA ratio and cancer risk has not been fully evaluated in general populations.
New research published in Schizophrenia Bulletin has reported that oral clozapine and olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI) emerged as the most effective treatments for preventing hospitalization among patients with chronic and first-episode schizophrenia in a large, long-term comparative effectiveness study.
A study led by researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle shows that, in preterm animal models, inflammation due to infection can disrupt the activity of genes that are crucial for normal development of the heart. The study findings were published in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology .
A study demonstrates that researchers have been approved for adjuvant use in the treatment of melanoma, nivolumab is likely to become the new standard of care in this setting. It is now indicted for adjuvant treatment of patients who have undergone complete resection and who have lymph node involvement or metastatic disease. The study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Timestrip® – the UK-based developer of ‘smart indicator’ technology – has provided self-adhesive temperature monitoring strips to Malawi to ensure that canine rabies vaccines are maintained in their ‘Goldilocks zone’ – neither too hot nor too cold. The easy to use indicators can be deployed as a low-cost alternative to thermometers in both storage fridges and field cooler boxes.
The rates at which precancerous cells in the cervix progress toward becoming cancerous or regress toward normal vary among Hispanic, black, white, and Asian women, according to new research in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. Physicians determining treatment options following abnormal Pap smears now have another factor to consider: the patient's race.
The largest-ever neuroimaging study of people with epilepsy , showed that epilepsy involves more widespread physical differences than previously assumed, even in types of epilepsy that are typically considered to be more benign if seizures are under control.The study findings were published in the Brain .
A study shows that Knee system is the most complicated joints, the knee is also one of the most easily injured. Anatomically, it's no wonder the knee connects the two longest levers in the body: the thigh and lower leg. But, the dense extracellular matrix in deep tissues makes it difficult for injuries occurring in cartilage, tendons, and ligaments to heal themselves.
According to a new study, Women who have a common hormone condition that contributes to infertility and metabolic problems tend to have less diverse gut bacteria than women who do not have the condition. The study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
According to a retrospective case series, Some older patients with apparently idiopathic uveitis may in fact have sarcoidosis-associated disease, which can have cardiac consequences. The study findings were published in the JAMA Ophthalmology
Scientists used single-cell transcriptome analysis to identify a hitherto unknown precursor for a poorly understood subgroup of killer T cells that are primarily found in humans with chronic viral infections. The detailed analysis of the entirety of transcribed genes in more than 9,000 individual cells also revealed an unprecedented level of heterogeneity. The study findings published in the Science Immunology.


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I stepped into Jasmine's domain, a massage parlor in Nolans Corners situated in a discreet corner of the city. The soft lighting and the scent of incense immediately took me into her welcoming world. My heart pounded in anticipation as I had always been intrigued by the idea of an erotic massage however never had the nerve to attempt one.
As the receptionist led me through the corridor decorated with silk curtains, I noticed a number of treatment rooms, each promising a distinct experience. Upon entering my suite, I was greeted by an enchanting Asian beauty, who presented herself as Yuki. She guided me into the poorly lit space, total with a massage table, oils, and a small shower corner.
Yuki recommended me to undress and shower while she stepped out of the space, giving me the privacy I required. As the warm water cascaded my tense body, I envisioned what was in shop for the evening. I all of a sudden felt a rise of enjoyment and eagerness, my pulse quickened as the possibilities swirled in my mind.
Covered in a soft cotton towel, Yuki returned to the space. She recommended I attempt their popular Nuru massage, an ancient Japanese massage method, created to fire up and maximize pleasure. I concurred, curious to delight in this fragile art of skin-to-skin contact.
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With a naughty smile, Yuki asked me to lie down on the massage table. She applied the gel to my back, her proficient hands massaging every inch of my body.
As Yuki's hands made their method down to my thighs, her soft whispers grazed my ear, imploring me to turn over. Our eyes locked, and she began putting the warm, slippery Nuru gel onto my chest and abdomen, her gaze never ever leaving mine.
My breath hitched as her hands made their method down my legs. The tender grazing of her fingertips triggered goosebumps to form all over my body. I felt my stimulation heighten as she thoroughly massaged every inch of me.
At this point, Yuki climbed onto the table and straddled me, her eyes sparkling with the pledge of heightened enjoyment. The heat of her body pressed against mine sent out shivers down my spine, as she enveloped me in a cocoon of pure ecstasy.
As our bodies slid together, entwined in the sensual Nuru gel, Yuki's hands skillfully rubbed me to a point of pure ecstasy. My whole body was pulsating as waves of satisfaction washed over me. It felt as if our spirits were in best sync, the outside world a simple afterthought.
Eventually, she returned and dismounted to rub my legs and feet with the exact same intensity and precision as in the past. My ideas were taken in by our earlier connection, the electrifying heat that shot through my whole being.
As Yuki brought our session to a close, she whispered gently in my ear, "I hope you enjoyed your happy ending massage, my dear." She smiled warmly as she left me to bask in the afterglow of our extremely passionate experience.
That evening, I left Jasmine's parlor a transformed guy, awakened to the effective world of touch and intimate connection. In Yuki's skilled hands, I found a world of sensuality I never knew existed.
Each time I recollect about that night, my body tingles in anticipation of my next see to this magical place, starting with excitement and ending in satisfaction, accompanied by the enchanting appeal of Yuki and the passion that just exists in Jasmine's world of erotic massage.
My heart pounded in anticipation as I had actually constantly been captivated by the idea of an erotic massage however never ever had the guts to try one.
She recommended I attempt their famous Nuru massage, an ancient Japanese massage technique, developed to spark and optimize enjoyment. With a naughty smile, Yuki asked me to lie down on the massage table. She applied the gel to my back, her skilled hands massaging every inch of my body. As our bodies glided together, laced in the sensual Nuru gel, Yuki's hands expertly massaged me to a point of pure bliss.
Months had actually passed considering that my rendezvous with Yuki at Jasmine's parlor, but the memory of our passionate encounter still remained. I couldn't shake the yearning for another transformative touch, and so I found myself as soon as again at the doorstep of Jasmine's mystical world.
This time, I chose to look into their world of Asian massage in Nolans Corners, excited to check out the Eastern art of satisfaction embedded deep in ancient traditions. Jasmine's enchanting atmosphere drew me in once more, and I excitedly waited for the mysteries that lay ahead.
Upon my arrival, I was greeted by a sultry and graceful charm, Mei. Her deep dark eyes were a window into a world of untold secrets.
Mei invited me to a space embellished with traditional oriental art work and decoration, radiating an air of ancient eastern attraction. I might feel the deep-rooted culture of Asia seeping into my senses, as the scent of unique aromas filled the room.
As I undressed and settled onto the massage table, Mei gently discussed the ancient techniques that would be used in my Asian massage. She described how these practices would not just launch physical tension but likewise invigorate my soul.
She started by warming fragrant oils in her fragile hands, the sweet fragrance filling the room, beckoning me to surrender my tense muscles to her experienced hands. The warmth and pressure of her fingers melted my stress, leaving my body in a state of utter relaxation.
As Mei started using the hot stones to my back, I felt the heat seep into each of my muscles, dissipating stiffness and tension. The volcanic stones, integrated with her expert fingers, sent waves of enjoyment gushing through my body. With each stroke, I felt centuries of ancient knowledge being imparted to me.
Tantalized by her touch, I gave up to the balanced dance of her hands on my body. Mei then presented me to the art of Thai massage, skillfully stretching me into positions I never thought possible. As she pushed and pulled my limbs expertly, I could feel my body becoming attuned to the ancient art, welcoming the sensual side of this distinct experience.
My body and mind were starting to combine as one, and I sensed that Mei understood precisely how to cultivate an extreme anticipation for the inescapable climax that lay in store.
As she skillfully rubbed my inner thighs, I felt a shudder of excitement flowing through me. My increased state of arousal cleaned over me in waves, heightening the envigorating impact of the Asian massage.
My heart pounded in my chest as Mei exchanged her knowledgeable hands for her complete, inviting lips, welcoming me into the erotic world of Asia. Her fingertips grazed my hot, yearning body as she made her way down, smiling knowingly. At that moment, I knew I was on the cusp of unparalleled ecstasy.
As Mei's lips twisted around my throbbing arousal, I could not help but let out the loudest, most primal groan. The strength differed from anything I 'd experienced before, a powerful taste of ancient Eastern decadence.
Our minute of passion reached its peak, consuming me in waves of carnal enjoyment, leaving me breathless and spent. As I lay there in the consequences of this sensual storm, Mei rested her hand on my dewy chest, her look filled with appetite and satisfaction.
As I left Jasmine's informing sanctuary again, my body felt lighter, my mind awakened, and my senses invigorated. The art of Asian massage had unlocked to an exotic, captivating world, complete of hidden desires and tempting delights.
Mei's enchanting touch, combined with the powerful mystique of the East, had woven an attractive tapestry that left me yearning for more. Already, I understood my next see to Jasmine's parlor couldn't come soon enough, for something about that world forced every inch of me, looking for unlimited horizons of passion and bliss woven through ancient, sensual tales.
Upon my arrival, I was greeted by a graceful and sultry charm, Mei. Her deep dark eyes were a window into a world of untold tricks. Mei then introduced me to the art of Thai massage, skillfully extending me into positions I never ever thought possible. As she pushed and pulled my limbs skillfully, I could feel my body ending up being attuned to the ancient art, embracing the sensual side of this special experience.
My heart pounded in my chest as Mei exchanged her knowledgeable hands for her full, inviting lips, inviting me into the erotic world of Asia.
|north appin station


Renewable Energy Sources. Read the latest research on renewable sources of energy such as solar energy, wind power, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel, ethanol, methane and other alternative energy sources.
The development of sustainable refineries is the focus of recent research, where it is possible to produce fuels and raw materials providing an alternative to petroleum by using biomass and other waste materials like plastics, tires, etc. Conical spouted beds are the key to the high energy efficiency of these refineries.
Researchers have pioneered a new approach to manufacturing solar cells that requires less silicon and can accommodate silicon with more impurities than is currently the standard. Those changes mean that solar cells can be made much more cheaply than at present.
Offshore wind power is a valuable source of renewable energy that can help reduce carbon emissions. Technological advances are allowing higher capacity turbines to be installed in deeper water, but there is still much unknown about the effects on the environment. Scientists have now reviewed the potential impacts of offshore wind developments on marine species and make recommendations for future monitoring and assessment as interest in offshore wind energy grows around the world.
To excite and educate the American public regarding our energy options especially as they relate to the long term strength of our economy, our national security, and our stewardship of the environment.To accelerate the adoption of hydrogen and fuel cell based technologies as part of our nation’s overall energy portfolio, with an understanding of the role hydrogen does (universal energy carrier) and does not (independent energy source) play.
To make the message “stick” by developing a powerful, yet simple brand.


The pandemic of COVID-19 has been one of the worst situations in the world history. Health, economy, and social issues are at their worst phase in almost every country. While the health workers are working hard for it day and night, the public servants are risking their own lives to save ours, we should also be supportive of them in our own way. The virus is negligible in its size but it has made the whole world a puppet. It has also taught us a lot of things that we were somehow ignoring previously. May be we were so selfish for our living, luxury, and desires that we forgot this world belongs to a lot of other creatures too. We forgot about nature and its power. Probably, this disease is a way nature is trying to teach us something. So, it is time we should learn from our own mistakes and try not to repeat it further.
Although there are many negative outcomes of this pandemic, there are also some vital learning points that we can apply in our lives to build a better society.
This disease knows no discrimination. It doesn’t differentiate between Rich- poor; Men- women, between religions or countries and borders. For this virus, everyone is one and equal. It just infects the host cells and invades our body to make us fall sick. Also, during this pandemic, we have seen many cases in our society and even in the entire world that most of us forgot about our own but supported and prayed for others, even for them who we don’t recognize. After all, it is about humanity.
Stay healthy, stay hygienic:
Washing hands will not only keep Coronavirus away but also it will keep most of the diseases away that are fatal. Maintaining hygiene can actually keep us healthy and change our lifestyle. Everyone kept telling us to keep surrounding Swachh. But it took us a pandemic disease to understand its meaning. So it is the right time we should take a pledge to keep ourselves and the surrounding clean and safe.
Don’t take anyone for granted- especially, your elders:
There is no need to explain this as we have seen many elderly people getting affected the most by this virus. If we previously gave an excuse to meet them or talk to them, then we can do it now. This disease is conveying a direct message to all of us to love, respect, and spend some more time with our parents and grandparents. After all, it is not too much to do, right?
Family is everything
What have you learned from your quarantine time? What have you observed from the days of Work From Home? Haven’t we all realized that it’s not all about the job, and not all about hanging out with outsiders and party on the weekends. We were so lost in our social lives that our personal lives and family were ignored. But this lockdown has taught us how important and how beautiful it is to spend quality time with our family.
Value for each life
Millions of people are hospitalized and many have lost their lives due to this deadly disease. We have seen death from so close that nowadays we pray for everyone to be safe, no matter if they are known to us or just a stranger. We have now understood the value of life, and learned to respect each and everyone around us.
Don’t take anything for granted- Learn to Save!
From personal savings to the consumption of global resources, social and natural resources, we should not take anything for granted. This disease leaves us a message to save our own and this earth’s resources too. Use, but don’t misuse.


Several classes of ionotropic receptors have been reported to depolarize the axonal membrane of hippocampal mossy fibers. Both kainate receptors and GABA(A) receptors are localized on axons and/or presynaptic terminals, and these receptors have been known to be activated by synaptically released glutamate and GABA which spill out from the synaptic clefts. However the relative contribution of these two receptors in modulating the excitability of mossy fiber axon was not reported so far. In this study, we revealed that glutamate spilled out from commissural/associational synapses evoked the facilitation of antidromic population spikes of mossy fibers. Increase in amplitude and decrease in latency of population spikes suggest that the number of recruited mossy fibers increases by depolarization of axonal membrane. Application of non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX (10 μM) almost abolished this effect. TBOA (30 μM), an inhibitor of glutamate transporter, prolonged the duration of heterosynaptic facilitation. These results suggest that glutamate released from distant commissural/associational synapses spills out from synaptic cleft and activates the kainate receptors on the mossy fibers of CA3 region, and plays a major role in modulating presynaptic excitability than GABA.
Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Too Many Husbands (1914)
A young man in love with his uncle's ward can't convince his uncle that he's fit to marry her, and schemes to continue seeing her anyway. The uncle, however, is determined to see that his nephew gets nowhere near the girl.- Written by email@example.com
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Preacher: Peter Collier QC, Vicar General of the Province of York and Cathedral Reader
Title of sermon: A gospel that takes us to unexpected places
Date/time/service: Sunday 23rd January 2022 – 11am Choral Eucharist
May the words of my mouth and the meditations of all our hearts be pleasing to you, O lord, our rock and our redeemer. Amen
After about 30 years Jesus was ready to begin his ministry. Those years had been spent in Nazareth, living in the family home with Joseph and Mary and his siblings, almost certainly learning the carpenter’s trade but also spending time in studying the scriptures and in prayer. Now he had been baptised by John and his calling had been confirmed by God’s voice affirming delight in him. He had been tested and tried in the wilderness. And now he had begun his ministry in Capernaum by the Sea of Galilee. But on this Saturday he was back in Nazareth, and he went as he regularly did to the synagogue were as often happened he was asked to read the Scripture.
He read from what we know as Isaiah Chapter 61 and he threw in a bit of Isaiah 58 as well. And he then told them that there and then in their presence that very day that scripture had been fulfilled. What a remarkable thing to say.
It was a well-known part of Isaiah’s prophecy. It foretold the coming of the Messiah and what the Messiah would do. That and passages like it were a great comfort to the people whose country was occupied by the Romans and whose religious life was harsh and demanding under the prescriptions of the Scribes and Pharisees. And people longed for deliverance from their enemies, for their vindication, and for God’s vengeance on those who oppressed them – whether those were secular or religious oppressors.
But Jesus had omitted a part of the verse from Isaiah 61 and it was a significant omission. He left out the bit about vengeance and spoke only about the good news side – about release of captives, recovering of sight for the blind and freedom for the oppressed.
Now, Luke’s account of that morning carries on beyond where our gospel reading this morning stopped. Luke goes on to tell us that people questioned how Joseph’s son, who they’d known all these years could speak like this. Jesus told them that he knew what they were really thinking.
And he reminded them that during the famine in Elijah’s time, the only miracle that Elijah performed was of providing food for a widow and bringing back to life her son. And he pointed out to them that that widow was not Jewish. And then he referred to Elisha and said that although there were many lepers in his time he only cleansed Naaman who was also not one of God’s chosen people.
What Jesus is saying to them is that God’s grace, God’s salvation, God’s healing touch are for all people and that when God comes and bring salvation it is always in ways that are unexpected, because that is what God is like.
Whenever the gospel comes to us it brings surprises – surprises about who it is for and what it does.
Who is it for? Well, it is for all. For everyone. Especially it is for the excluded and the marginalised?
What does it do? It produces a new community that is radically countercultural. Our epistle from 1 Corinthians spoke very powerfully about that. Paul explains that the church is a body made up of many members – Jews and Greeks; slaves and free – all together in one body. And the surprising thing he says is that the members of the body that seem weaker are in fact indispensable. Outside the church the prevailing culture and the usual politics was and is that it is the fittest that survive and the successful who are rewarded. But in the church it is the poor and the weak who are given greater honour and greater respect. How come? Why? In New Testament terms we meet Christ most powerfully in the little, the least and the lost.
This should have been no surprise to people – it was what God had been telling his people as long as they had been his people. The widows, the orphans and the aliens living among them were always to be valued when the seemingly natural response would be to use and abuse them. It was well written in the law, It was often spoken of by the prophets and the early church practised it.
So the church today is called to be inclusive, to welcome all – wherever they come from, whatever their history is, and whatever their status in worldly terms may be – all are welcome and not just as guests but as essential parts of the body.
As we begin to emerge from the pandemic and as we look to rebuild the church and community we are doing so in response to a gospel that is for all and that looks to build a countercultural community. So we need to understand that and we need to begin to work out what that might mean for us here in this cathedral.
But I think there is something else here for us. The last two years we can justifiably say that we have all been oppressed as a result of this pandemic. We are longing for deliverance from that enervating low grade anxiety that has just always been there throughout these two years, sapping our energy, creating anxiety and fear. And like the people in Judea we have cried out to God for deliverance. But when deliverance comes – it may not be quite what we expect.
The Jews wanted to go back to the good old days. And there is a lot of that about today. Not just about getting back to restaurants, theatres and other pre-pandemic experiences, but there is something tapping into a deeper longing for days gone by – the days when we won the world cup and ruled an empire.
But when our deliverance comes it may not be quite as we expect. It will be freedom and it will be release – but it will be a fresh release into the life of the God’s kingdom …. That kingdom where we are called to live Christ’s story.
The ABY spoke of looking for the unexpected in his Epiphany letter
“Living Christ’s story has never been easy. In the midst of change and challenge, there is always a temptation to fall back on our own charts and our own wisdom, trying to keep things going as they are for a little bit longer, and to miss where God is leading. Where God leads is always unexpected. For the Magi, not a royal palace, but a stable; not a king in glory, but a child in a manger. Where God leads is also challenging. Transforming our finances and structures, growing churches of missionary disciples and reaching those who don’t come to church needs us to be sustained by each one of us becoming more Christ-like in our lives and calling.”
God never calls us backwards, always forwards – onwards and upwards.
So, as we travel on in this Epiphany season let us keep in mind the truly radical nature of the kingdom we are called into and the nature of the salvation we have received.
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According to recent statistics, about 1 in every 36 children has been diagnosed with ASD, making it one of the most common developmental disorders in the United States. In this article, we will explore the causes and effects of autism in detail.
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them. It is characterized by challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. To gain a deeper understanding of autism, it is important to explore what autism is and the impact it has on individuals and their families.
Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a lifelong condition that typically becomes apparent in early childhood. It is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it manifests differently in each individual, ranging from mild to severe. Common features of autism include:
It's important to note that each person with autism is unique, with their own strengths, challenges, and abilities. Early identification of autism is crucial for accessing appropriate interventions and support. If you're interested in learning more about the early signs of autism, check out this article on early signs of autism.
Autism can have a significant impact on both individuals with autism and their families. The challenges associated with autism can affect various aspects of daily life, including education, employment, relationships, and overall quality of life.
For individuals with autism, the impact may include difficulties in forming and maintaining social relationships, challenges in academic settings, and potential co-occurring conditions such as anxiety or sensory sensitivities. However, it's essential to recognize that individuals with autism also possess unique strengths and talents, which should be nurtured and celebrated.
Families of individuals with autism often face additional responsibilities and may experience emotional, financial, and logistical challenges. They may need to navigate complex healthcare and education systems, access specialized therapies and interventions, and provide ongoing support to their loved ones. Seeking support from autism advocacy organizations, support groups, and professionals can help families navigate these challenges and access the resources they need.
Understanding the nature of autism and its impact is the first step in providing appropriate support and creating an inclusive society for individuals on the autism spectrum. By promoting acceptance, understanding, and access to evidence-based interventions, we can support individuals with autism in reaching their full potential.
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in a wide range of symptoms and behaviors. The causes of autism are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the complexity of autism is crucial for unraveling the root causes of this enigmatic disorder.
Autism is recognized as a multifactorial condition, meaning that it is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that there is no single cause of autism, but rather a complex interplay of various factors.
Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of autism. Studies have shown that there are numerous genetic mutations and variations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These genetic changes can impact brain development, neural connectivity, and the functioning of neurotransmitters.
Certain genetic syndromes are also strongly linked to the development of autism. For example, individuals with Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis are at a higher risk of developing ASD. Understanding the genetic factors associated with autism is a crucial area of ongoing research. For more information on genetic factors, refer to this article on genetic factors of autism.
In addition to genetic factors, environmental influences also contribute to the development of autism. Prenatal and perinatal factors, such as maternal infections during pregnancy, exposure to certain medications, and complications during birth, have been associated with an increased risk of autism.
Early childhood experiences, including exposure to toxins, certain medications, and infections, may also play a role in the development of autism. While there has been significant research in this area, it is important to note that the specific environmental factors and their interactions with genetic factors are still being studied. To learn more about the environmental factors related to autism, read this article on environmental factors of autism.
Understanding the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is essential for unraveling the causes of autism. The interaction of these factors contributes to the wide spectrum of symptoms and behaviors observed in individuals with ASD. Ongoing research in the field aims to further elucidate the intricate relationship between genetics and the environment in the development of autism.
In the next section, we will explore the specific prenatal, perinatal, and early childhood factors that have been implicated in the development of autism, shedding light on the intricate details of these potential environmental influences.
Autism is a complex disorder with a multifactorial etiology, involving a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the genetic contributions to autism is crucial in unraveling the root causes of this condition. In this section, we will explore the role of genetic mutations and variations, familial patterns of autism, and genetic syndromes associated with autism.
Genetic mutations and variations play a significant role in the development of autism. Various studies have identified specific genes that are associated with an increased risk of autism. These genetic changes can occur spontaneously or be inherited from parents.
Researchers have identified several genes that are involved in brain development and synaptic function, which are disrupted in individuals with autism. Mutations in these genes can affect neural connectivity and communication, leading to the characteristic social and behavioral challenges associated with autism.
While specific genetic mutations have been linked to autism, it's important to note that there is significant heterogeneity in the genetic landscape of autism. Each individual with autism may have a unique combination of genetic variations, making it a genetically diverse disorder.
Autism tends to run in families, indicating a familial pattern in its occurrence. Siblings of individuals with autism have a higher risk of developing the condition compared to the general population. The risk is even higher if they are identical twins, as they share the same genetic material.
Family studies have provided valuable insights into the heritability of autism. Research suggests that the risk of autism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While the exact mechanisms underlying the transmission of autism within families are complex and multifaceted, it is clear that genetic factors contribute significantly to the familial patterns observed.
Certain genetic syndromes are strongly associated with autism. These syndromes involve specific genetic mutations that increase the risk of autism alongside other medical and developmental issues. Examples of such syndromes include fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis.
Fragile X syndrome, caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene, is the most common single-gene cause of autism. It is estimated that around 30% of individuals with fragile X syndrome also have autism. Similarly, Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis are genetic conditions that frequently co-occur with autism.
Understanding the genetic syndromes associated with autism provides valuable insights into the underlying genetic mechanisms contributing to the disorder. It also highlights the intricate interplay between specific genetic mutations and the manifestation of autistic traits.
By studying genetic factors in autism, researchers are gradually uncovering the complex genetic architecture of the disorder. Genetic mutations and variations, familial patterns, and genetic syndromes all contribute to our understanding of the genetic factors associated with autism. However, it's essential to recognize that autism is a complex condition influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
While the exact causes of autism are still being researched, it is widely accepted that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of this complex disorder. In this section, we will explore some of the environmental factors that have been studied in relation to autism.
Research has shown that certain prenatal and perinatal factors may contribute to the development of autism. These factors include maternal infections during pregnancy, exposure to environmental toxins, maternal age, and certain pregnancy complications. However, it's important to note that these factors are not exclusive causes of autism and do not account for all cases.
Prenatal and Perinatal Factors
It's worth mentioning that while these factors have been associated with an increased risk of autism, they are not definitive causes. The interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental influences is complex and not fully understood.
Early childhood experiences have also been studied as potential environmental factors that may impact the development of autism. While the exact mechanisms are still being explored, certain experiences and exposures during the critical early years of life may contribute to the manifestation of autism symptoms.
Factors such as parental age, prenatal stress, exposure to certain medications during early development, and the quality of early caregiving have been investigated. It's important to note that these factors may have an influence on the severity of symptoms or the age of diagnosis, but they are not direct causes of autism.
Early Childhood Experiences
It's crucial to remember that every child is unique, and the presence of these factors does not necessarily mean that a child will develop autism.
One topic that has received considerable attention is the potential link between vaccines and autism. Extensive scientific research has consistently shown that there is no credible evidence supporting a causal relationship between vaccines and autism. Numerous large-scale studies have debunked the initial claims made in a now-retracted study.
The consensus among medical professionals and scientific organizations is that vaccines are safe and necessary for protecting public health. Vaccines have been rigorously tested and have undergone extensive research and monitoring for potential side effects. The benefits of immunizations in preventing diseases far outweigh any unfounded concerns.
It's important to rely on accurate and evidence-based information when evaluating the role of vaccines in autism.
By understanding the environmental factors associated with autism, we can continue to advance our knowledge and provide better support for individuals on the autism spectrum and their families.
Autism is a complex disorder that arises from the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. The interplay between genetics and the environment plays a significant role in the development and manifestation of autism. In this section, we will explore gene-environment interactions and the role of epigenetics in autism.
Gene-environment interactions refer to the way in which genetic factors and environmental influences interact to contribute to the development of autism. While specific genetic mutations or variations may increase the likelihood of developing autism, the presence of certain environmental factors can either enhance or mitigate this risk.
Research suggests that individuals with certain genetic predispositions may be more susceptible to the effects of environmental factors. For example, a genetic variation associated with increased vulnerability to environmental toxins could potentially lead to a higher risk of developing autism when exposed to those toxins. On the other hand, individuals with protective genetic factors may be more resilient to environmental influences.
Understanding gene-environment interactions is crucial in unraveling the complex etiology of autism. By identifying specific genetic and environmental factors that interact to increase the risk of autism, researchers can gain insights into potential preventive strategies and interventions.
Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations in the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications can be influenced by environmental factors and can have a significant impact on gene function.
Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the development of autism. Studies have shown differences in epigenetic patterns between individuals with autism and those without the disorder. These epigenetic modifications can affect gene expression and potentially contribute to the core features of autism.
Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain chemicals or stress during critical periods of development, can influence the epigenetic landscape and contribute to the risk of autism. However, it's important to note that the specific mechanisms linking epigenetics and autism are still being investigated, and further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of these interactions.
Understanding the interaction between genetics and the environment is essential for gaining insights into the causes and effects of autism.
By studying gene-environment interactions and the role of epigenetics, researchers aim to uncover the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development and manifestation of autism. This knowledge can ultimately inform the development of targeted interventions and support for individuals with autism and their families.
As our understanding of autism continues to evolve, ongoing research is focused on uncovering the root causes of this complex disorder. Scientists and researchers are exploring various areas to shed light on the factors that contribute to autism. In this section, we will discuss some of the future directions in autism research, including advancements in genetic studies, environmental research and interventions, and the exploration of holistic approaches to autism treatment.
Genetic studies have played a crucial role in understanding the genetic factors associated with autism. Researchers are continuously making advancements in this field, aiming to identify specific genetic variations and mutations that may contribute to the development of autism. By studying the genetic profiles of individuals with autism and their families, scientists hope to uncover new insights into the genetic underpinnings of the disorder.
Recent breakthroughs in technology, such as next-generation sequencing, have allowed researchers to analyze the entire genome more efficiently and cost-effectively. This has facilitated the identification of rare genetic variants and novel genes associated with autism. By expanding our knowledge of the genetic landscape of autism, researchers are paving the way for personalized interventions and treatments.
While genetic factors play a significant role in autism, environmental influences also contribute to the development of the disorder. Researchers are actively investigating the impact of various environmental factors on autism risk. These factors include prenatal and perinatal factors, such as maternal infections and exposure to certain medications during pregnancy, as well as early childhood experiences.
Advancements in environmental research aim to identify specific environmental triggers and their interactions with genetic factors. By understanding these interactions, scientists can develop targeted interventions and preventive strategies. It is important to note that although certain environmental factors have been studied extensively, there is no evidence to support the notion that vaccines cause autism. This misconception has been debunked by numerous scientific studies.
In addition to understanding the causes of autism, researchers are also exploring holistic approaches to autism treatment. These approaches take into account the individual needs and strengths of individuals with autism, focusing on their overall well-being. Holistic treatments may include a combination of therapies, such as behavioral interventions, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and social skills training.
Furthermore, researchers are investigating the potential benefits of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in autism treatment. CAM encompasses therapies such as acupuncture, nutritional supplements, and sensory integration therapy. While the efficacy of these treatments is still being studied, they offer promising avenues for a more comprehensive and individualized approach to autism intervention.
As research in the field of autism progresses, advancements in genetic studies, environmental research and interventions, and the exploration of holistic treatment approaches will continue to shape our understanding of the disorder. By unraveling the enigma of autism, we can enhance the lives of individuals with autism and their families, providing them with the support and resources they need to thrive.
No, there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that vaccines cause autism. The myth that vaccines are linked to autism has been thoroughly debunked by numerous studies.
There is currently no cure for autism, but early intervention and therapy can help improve outcomes for children with the disorder. Many individuals with autism go on to lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support and accommodations.
No, autism is a spectrum disorder, which means that it affects each individual differently. Some people with autism may have mild symptoms while others may have more severe symptoms that significantly impact daily life.
Yes, adults can be diagnosed with autism. In fact, many individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life if they were not identified as having ASD as children.
Common misconceptions about autism include the belief that all individuals with ASD have exceptional abilities or savant skills, that they lack empathy or emotions, and that they are all nonverbal. It's important to recognize that every individual is unique and should be treated as such.
In conclusion, autism is a complex developmental disorder that is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The effects of autism can vary widely from person to person, but early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes. If you suspect that your child may have autism, it is important to speak with your pediatrician as early intervention is key to improving outcomes.


Seeing a ring in a dream could have different meanings in Islam depending upon the context. Here are the interpretations;
1- According to Prophet Daniyal عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ if a ring has been given to the dreamer in the mosque it means that he is obedient of the creator. If the dreamer is a businessman, he would attain profits.
2- Receiving a ring by the King in a dream means getting lucrative benefits from the government.
3- According to Ibn Sirin رحمة الله عليه the greatest dream interpreter of Islam, if a ring has been stolen/destroyed in the dream it means that their work will suffer and they shall face hardships.
4- If a ring breaks but its stone remains enacted in a dream, then it is likely that their elderly stage would be a better one and their respect and dignity would stand tall.
5- If a person gives his ring to someone in a dream it means that the dreamer shall give away some of their belongings/wealth to someone.
6- Selling a ring in a dream indicates that they will sell their belongings. However, if money is not been taken against the ring, then it indicates that only a part of the property shall be sold.
7- According to Jabar Maghrabi رحمة الله عليه a ring of steel in a dream indicates the dreamer shall be bestowed with strength and fitness.
- Gold ring = a good deed.
- Copper ring = getting benefits from hypocrites.
- Silver ring = the dreamer shall attain something.
8- Giving your ring to someone and getting it returned in a dream means that the dreamer would like a woman for marriage but won’t be able to get married to her.
9- Stamping a written letter with the ring in a dream indicates that one shall be able to find a hidden thing.
10- According to Jafar Sadiq رحمة الله عليه says that if a woman sees a dream where her ring along with the stone gets destroyed, then it indicates that her respect or status will fall, her kid or husband would die or her wealth will get wasted.


In recent times, fermented foods have surged in popularity, not just for their distinct flavors but also for their exceptional health advantages. Among the most esteemed fermented delicacies are yogurt and kimchi. These culinary delights have stood the test of time, admired for their probiotic-rich composition that can work wonders for your digestive system and overall health. Within this article, we will explore the diverse advantages of incorporating yogurt and kimchi into your dietary regimen.
Probiotic Powerhouse: Yogurt and kimchi have earned their reputation as nutritional powerhouses primarily due to their abundant probiotic content. These are beneficial living microorganisms that assist in maintaining a harmonious balance of gut bacteria. Consistent consumption of probiotics can enhance your digestive well-being by encouraging the growth of friendly bacteria that facilitate nutrient digestion and absorption. This, in turn, can alleviate common digestive problems such as bloating, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Enhanced Immune Function: A robust immune system serves as your body’s initial defense against infections and illnesses. The probiotics present in yogurt and kimchi play a pivotal role in bolstering your immune function. They stimulate the production of antibodies and enhance the activity of immune cells, thereby reinforcing your body’s resilience against pathogens.
Improved Nutrient Uptake: Fermentation is a process that breaks down complex compounds in foods, rendering nutrients more readily accessible and easier for your body to assimilate. In the case of yogurt and kimchi, this process can result in enhanced absorption of vital vitamins and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and B vitamins. This not only supports bone health but also contributes to overall vitality.
The Gut-Brain Connection: Recent research is uncovering a strong correlation between gut health and mental well-being. The gut-brain axis constitutes a two-way communication system between the gut and the brain, and a balanced gut microbiome is instrumental in sustaining mental equilibrium. Regular consumption of yogurt and kimchi may exert a positive influence on your mood and cognitive function, potentially reducing the risk of mental health disorders.
Effective Weight Management: Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is a goal for many individuals, and fermented foods can be a valuable asset in this endeavor. The probiotics found in yogurt and kimchi can assist in appetite regulation and reducing cravings for unhealthy foods. Furthermore, a balanced gut microbiome is associated with improved metabolic function, which can aid in weight management efforts.
Lactose Digestion: Yogurt, especially when fermented for an extended duration, contains lower levels of lactose compared to regular milk. This makes it more tolerable for individuals with lactose intolerance to enjoy the benefits of dairy without discomfort. The probiotics in yogurt also play a role in breaking down any remaining lactose, further easing digestion.
Potential Cancer Prevention: Although further research is warranted, some studies suggest that the probiotics and bioactive compounds in fermented foods such as kimchi may offer protective effects against specific types of cancer. These preliminary findings underscore the potential role of these foods in cancer prevention.
The advantages of consuming fermented foods like yogurt and kimchi extend well beyond their enticing flavors and textures. Regular incorporation of these probiotic-rich gems into your diet can revolutionize your gut health, bolster your immune system, and contribute to a myriad of physical and mental well-being benefits. So, why not embrace these culinary wonders and embark on a journey towards improved health and vitality? Your taste buds and your body will undoubtedly express their gratitude.


6" x 8"
oil on canvas board
Some day, before I go, I'd like to know, the author or my dreams, and so....
for the next few days I will be painting a dream. I am trying to "find the way back" as in this quote from Robert Louis Stevenson's poem The Land of Nod.
"Try as I like to find the way, I never can get back by day, Nor can remember plain and clear The curious music that I hear."


Politics at the turn of the century became very popular among the people. As the richer got richer and the poorer got poorer, politics really started to divide people more than just republican and democratic parties. Political machines proposed benefits to voting in their favor, essentially bribing the poor for votes. Transparent ballot boxes was also a technique used to intimidate voters. Building relationship with the working-class immigrants and condemning native-born Americans beliefs against immigrants was a sure way to secure votes. Native-born white men were at the center of politics. Racism was on the rise when these native-born Americans thought that immigrants, African Americas, and woman should not have the power to vote.
The rise in education for woman brought forth associations and clubs that focused on women’s suffrage, leadership skills, and how to obtain voting rights. These “New Woman” was a huge step in the right direction for equality. Woman and minorities had just as much of a right to vote as a native-born white man. Woman definitely proved that they could be just as educated as men and be an asset to the political society.
Keene, Jennifer D., Cornell, Saul, and O’Donnell, Edward T. Visions of America: A History of The United States, Volume 2, 3rd ed. 2019.


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In a time of rapid change and global confusion, how are Christians to perceive God at work in history? The theme of God's presence among the nations is here addressed from different perspectives by two major theologians. Douglas John Hall explores foundational theological questions: the providence of God, the relation of global to national concerns, and the role of the church in relation to God's worldly work. Rosemary Radford Ruether raises the question of the presence of God in the context of three major crises of our times-the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, global poverty and the preferential option for the poor, and the ecological crisis. This book originated as the Hein/Fry Lectures of 1994.


Brazil likely to follow China as largest diabetes care devices market among BRIC nations
According to a new market research report published by Markets and Markets, the BRIC diabetes care devices market is likely to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% over 2015-2020 to reach USD 2.3 Billion in 2020 from USD 1.7 Billion in 2015. China accounted for the largest market share of 55.5% in 2014. Brazil is expected to follow China as the second largest diabetes care devices market among BRIC nations, while India is expected to register the fastest growth over the forecast period. The major factors contributing to the growth of the market include rising number of diabetic patients in BRIC nations, a significant advancement in research on diabetes, and increasing global research alliances. The market is segmented into blood glucose monitoring devices and insulin delivery devices based on the types of diabetes care devices which are further divided into testing strips, self-monitoring blood glucose meters, lancets, continuous glucose monitors, insulin syringes, insulin pens, insulin pumps, and insulin jet injectors. Testing strips recorded the largest revenue among all blood glucose monitoring devices and insulin pens reported the highest share among insulin delivery devices in 2014. The major players are Becton, Dickinson and Company, Roche Diagnostics, Johnson and Johnson, Bayer, Abbott Laboratories, Acon Laboratories, Ypsomed Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, ARKRAY, Terumo Corporation, Dexcom, and Sanofi.


Adequate Vitamin D Can Improve Fertility Outcomes
If you’re undergoing fertility treatments, such as In Vitro Fertilization, fertility medications or surrogacy, a recent study has found that vitamin D can help you or your surrogate achieve better fertility outcomes. A group of researchers led by Justin Chu, PhD, of the University of Birmingham in the UK reported that those “with adequate vitamin D were 33% more likely to achieve live birth than those with deficient or insufficient levels.” (Human Reproduction, online) Testing for vitamin D is an inexpensive process and is widely available. Correcting vitamin D deficiency could benefit women undergoing fertility treatments, says Dr. Chu, but further research is needed to test this. Talk to your doctor about the benefits of vitamin D as well as the risks, as an overdose on vitamin D can lead to too much calcium build-up in the body. This study will continue to focus development on practice guidelines to measure vitamin D in women, specifically those trying to conceive.


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By Roger Moore
McClatchy-Tribune News Service
Carey Mulligan as Daisy Buchanan and Leonardo DiCaprio as Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby. (Warner Bros. Pictures)
Tobey Maguire as Nick Carraway in The Great Gatsby.
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In 1968 my grandmother, Marie (Halloran) Murphy, wrote a letter to her nephew. In it she describes a dream she had:
“You mentioned your mother dreaming about Celeste (Marie's sister). I, too, had a dream about that same time, and it left me with the queerest sensation. I believe that I told your mother about it at the time.
I dreamed that Celeste and Jean appeared before me and Celeste made a sign to me to come toward them, and I answered or asked, (do you mean me) and Celeste answered (not yet). Jean just stood there smiling. I didn’t seem frightened just curious. Perhaps I was thinking of them so often and that caused me to dream of them.”
Celeste had died in 1966 and Jeannie died in 1944.
When my dad was very sick with what we had just discovered was bone cancer; I also had a dream. I was in St. Louis visiting my grandparents. On this particular night I was staying at my Uncle Victor’s house. Vic always makes guests sleep in his room and he sleeps on the couch. That night I had a dream. My Dad was in his robe and stood near the French doors in Vic’s room. I don’t remember my dad trying to say anything to me in the dream, but right in the middle of it…Victor knocked on the door. It was about 1 or 2 in the morning. The call was from my mom. Dad was in the hospital and they didn’t know if he would make it through the night. He died 2 weeks later.


Historically, the function of Arctic ecosystems in terms of cycles of nutrients and carbon has led to low levels of primary production and exchanges of energy, water and greenhouse gases have led to low local and regional cooling. Sequestration of carbon from atmospheric CO2, in extensive, cold organic soils and the high albedo from low, snow-covered vegetation have had impacts on regional climate. However, many aspects of the functioning of Arctic ecosystems are sensitive to changes in climate and its impacts on biodiversity. The current Arctic climate results in slow rates of organic matter decomposition. Arctic ecosystems therefore tend to accumulate organic matter and elements despite low inputs. As a result, soil-available elements like nitrogen and phosphorus are key limitations to increases in carbon fixation and further biomass and organic matter accumulation. Climate warming is expected to increase carbon and element turnover, particularly in soils, which may lead to initial losses of elements but eventual, slow recovery. Individual species and species diversity have clear impacts on element inputs and retention in Arctic ecosystems. Effects of increased CO2 and UV-B on whole ecosystems, on the other hand, are likely to be small although effects on plant tissue chemisty, decomposition and nitrogen fixation may become important in the long-term. Cycling of carbon in trace gas form is mainly as CO2 and CH4. Most carbon loss is in the form of CO2, produced by both plants and soil biota. Carbon emissions as methane from wet and moist tundra ecosystems are about 5% of emissions as CO2 and are responsive to warming in the absence of any other changes. Winter processes and vegetation type also affect CH4 emissions as well as exchanges of energy between biosphere and atmosphere. Arctic ecosystems exhibit the largest seasonal changes in energy exchange of any terrestrial ecosystem because of the large changes in albedo from late winter, when snow reflects most incoming radiation, to summer when the ecosystem absorbs most incoming radiation. Vegetation profoundly influences the water and energy exchange of Arctic ecosystems. Albedo during the period of snow cover declines from tundra to forest tundra to deciduous forest to evergreen forest. Shrubs and trees increase snow depth which in turn increases winter soil temperatures. Future changes in vegetation driven by climate change are therefore, very likely to profoundly alter regional climate.


If the question is, can you add essential oils to your fish tank? The answer is YES. But if the question is, should you add essential oils to your fish tank? Then the answer is NO, as there are too many variables to consider, and the dangers far outweigh any potential benefits. However, not all fishkeepers will agree with that statement, and this is where the confusion begins for many people. So let's take a closer look at essential oils, what they are, and what they do. I will follow that by examining the pros and cons of adding essential oils to your fish tank.


Tag: The wise
Scripture reading for September 4th: Daniel 10-12
I love books! I have a great library and it is always growing as I look for more good books to read and add–that is if I don’t give them to someone else to read! The Apostle John said that if all that Jesus did were written down, the whole world could not contain all the books that would be written! (John 21:25) Volumes of books have been written throughout history and I believe that we are studying the most important book on earth, the Holy Bible! It contains the Word of God, creator of heaven and earth! It is full of His Spirit and Life! (John 6:63)
But there is another book that should be just as important to every human being. It is the Book of Life found before the throne of God. In that book are written the names of all who have been adopted into the family of God by faith in Jesus Christ, the Son of Man and Son of God. (Daniel 12:1) (Revelation 20:12, 15) If your name is written in that book, you will be delivered from the coming wrath against sin that flows from the Ancient of Days! (Daniel 7:10) (Revelation 20:14) It doesn’t matter if you are sleeping in the dust of earth or still alive when the day of judgment arrives, there is going to be a resurrection of all men with rewards for those who by faith have trusted in Christ as well as punishment eternally for those who have rebelled against God. (Daniel 12:2-3) (Revelation 22:12-15)
The righteous are promised eternal glory for their obedience. (Revelation 22:1-6) (Daniel 12:3) They will shine like the stars of heaven forever and ever! They will live in the heavenly city where God Himself and the Lamb, Jesus Christ, is the source of all light! They will behold Him and see His face! What blessed truth!
Daniel was told to seal up the words of his book for the time of the end. (Daniel 12:4) He was told that many people would go to and fro throughout the earth and that knowledge would increase as time went on. People would be seeking this knowledge but only the wise would find it. The wise were those whose names were written down in that special book of Heaven!
John was told in Revelation 22:10, not to seal up the words of his book of prophecy because the time was near for it’s fulfillment! Jesus Christ is coming soon to reward each one who is living by faith and has his name in His book! Are you sure your name is in the most important Book in the universe? Why not honestly check your heart today for faith in Jesus Christ? Have you repented? Are you living a righteous life by faith in the power of the Holy Spirit?
“Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book, because the time is near. Let him who does wrong continue to do wrong; let him who is vile continue to be vile; let him who does right continue to do right; and let him who is holy continue to be holy.” “Behold I am coming soon and my reward is with me, and I will give to everyone according to what he has done.” Revelation 22:10-12


How lifestyle impacts your health your lifestyle plays an important role work and leisure activities have a positive impact on health by reducing stress • improve the quality of life for you and your family make a healthy choice today if you have questions on how to make these changes. Plagued with chronic disease and poor health education level, employment, income, family and social support, and community safety are all components chart 1 illustrates how education and health behaviors interact to impact health outcomes10 being in less social determinants of health:. Still, amidst all the hype, study after study shows that good food choices have a positive impact on health, and poor diets have negative long-term effects know the facts: americans whose dietary patterns include fresh, whole foods like fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, and fish have a lower incidence of major chronic. Poor lifestyle choices will impact on workplace health posted on 06/06/2016 21/06/2016 by medigold health leading occupational health providers, medigold, have highlighted some uk statistical health trends which could help focus employers’ efforts on improving health in the workplace. Social support may have indirect effects on health through enhanced mental health, by reducing the impact of stress, or by fostering a sense of meaning and purpose in life (cohen 2004 thoits 1995.
The links between poverty and poor health outcomes are numerous, complex, and intertwined and accompanying program and policy responses—which can include the facilitative effects on reducing the negative health impacts associated with poverty among them poor dietary choices, limited knowledge about nutrition, food environments. The edelman health barometer 2011 global survey, conducted by a research firm to determine how business can benefit from promoting health, used online and face-to-face interviews of 15,000 people. Introduction feeding is a primary event in the life of an infant and young child it is the focus of attention for parents and other caregivers, and a source of social interaction through verbal and non-verbal communication.
Can have an impact on mental health as well as physical health this is especially true for young people for ex- how diet and nutrition affect mental health focal point 15 focal point: youth, young adults, & mental health healthy body - healthy mind, summer 2012, 26(1) food choice, the eating habits of siblings and friends are. Poor nutrition has a significant number of dangerous effects on health fortunately, attaining a healthy lifestyle can cause a turn-around of those bad effects and lead to a reduced occurrence of medical disorders related to poor nutrition. Create or reduce stress, which impacts not only your emotional, but also physical health, including your longevity mind-body research about healing environments the field of mind-body studies includes research on the relationship between our surroundings and our health.
Australia's health 2016 is the aihw’s 15th biennial report on the health of australians it examines a wide range of contemporary topics in a series of analytical feature articles and short statistical snapshots. The childhood obesity epidemic is a serious public health problem that increases morbidity, mortality, and has substantial long term economic and social costs the rates of obesity in america’s children and youth have almost tripled in the last quarter century. Hefty impact of poor eating habits - concordia study finds 25 percent of canadians aged 31 to 50 exceed safe limit of total calories derived from fats too much fast food, poor meal choices and bad eating habits are causing more canadians to be overweight or obese despite this trend, individuals. A review of the effects of health literacy on health found that people with lower health literacy are more likely to use emergency services and be hospitalized and are less likely to use preventive services such as mammography or take medications and interpret labels correctly. Food choices & health diet quality & nutrition consumers' use of food labels and impacts on food choices and dietary outcomes and the effects of new label information on the supply of labeled foods, retail prices, and manufacturing and farm production practices.
What drives health good health it seems so straightforward eat right, exercise and get regular checkups education has profound health effects more education makes an individual more aware of healthy and unhealthy choices and makes it easier to make healthy choices poor-quality housing poses a risk of exposure to many conditions. Diseases to which poor diet contributes are in bold unhealthy eating habits and inactivity affect quality of life and cause disabilities few recognize that unhealthy diet is a leading cause of disability yet unhealthy eating habits and physical inactivity are leading causes of loss of independence: health care costs $8,900 per person. The current focus is providing information on the impact of unhealthy lifestyle choices as risk factors for preventable chronic diseases and encouraging individual responsibility for one's health many towns across the country are engaged in projects to implement systems and environmental change in schools, communities, and workplaces. Poor mental health wellness and cancer in his new book, anticancer: a new way of life, david servan-schreiber, md, phd, points out the effect that poor mental health has on developing cancer our immune system, which works to prevent cancer and reduce tumors, is maintained by mental and physical wellness.
Health effects of limited access to healthy food: obesity, chronic disease, and poor nutrition recommend on facebook tweet share compartir obesity and weight management. The true cost of poor health in 2005, health care expenditures in the united states reached nearly $2 trillion,1 with us employers shouldering the majority of this bur- den in 2007, health care costs for us employers increased another 7. What are good & bad healthy lifestyle choices by lisa simonson aug 14, 2017 exercise is a healthy lifestyle choice because it can help you reduce your risk for diseases and certain effects of aging, keeps your body fit and healthy, helps reduce stress, improves sleep and increases energy smoking is bad for your overall health and.
Home » news » parenting » family and peers have big impact on health “we must be aware of the impact that we can have just as poor health choices can be spread through social networks. How does money influence health michaela benzeval, lyndal bond, mhairi campbell, mathew egan, to poor health such as infectious diseases, injuries and accidents today, however, the relationship between the health-damaging effects of sudden income losses resulting from. Having an imbalanced diet and making poor food choices affects your overall health the foods you put in your body directly impact how you feel, your weight and your risk of developing chronic diseases. Numerous studies have indicated that poor worker health is a leading cause of decreased productivity worldwide the choices you make at lunchtime can impact your productivity for the rest of.


High LDL or “bad” cholesterol is one of the main risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases which can be fatal to your health.
According to the information provided in an article published on the Nova Mulher website, the fatty substance not only increases the risk of having a heart attack, but also increases the possibility that the person suffers a stroke, which everyone knows like a stroke.
Natural treatments for low DLD levels focus on controlling cholesterol levels and lowering blood pressure.
How to lower cholesterol naturally
First and foremost, the person must follow the recommendations given to them by the healthcare professional who followed them.
Experts, in an interview with the Healthline portal, point out that to naturally reduce cholesterol, people must maintain a healthy lifestyle, have an ideal weight, practice more physical activities, have a balanced diet and avoid the consumption of tobacco. .
For example, the consumption of artichoke tea helps by acting against hypercholesterolemia. This was due to the purifying properties present in the tea, which can regulate blood pressure.
Ginger also helps reduce DLD, but it doesn’t stop there as it also aids in better digestion, alleviates water retention and promotes weight loss.
It is very important to take care of your health to avoid bigger problems in the future.


Balayya’s comments on him not being invited to a meeting with the government had stirred hornet’s nest in the industry. Naturally, people are taking sides but, Teja’s point of view seems to be sensible.
In an interview, Teja opined that one need not invite anybody if it was a personal call and industry would survive despite the biggies of the industry like it happened in the past when legends passed away but nothing came to a standstill.
However, it’s extremely important that all the industry biggies to be involved when there is a major decision or meeting to take place regarding making decisions about it. So, they should have invited Balayya.
Not only Balayya, everyone who is like a pillar for the industry needs to be involved, said Teja. “If it’s a private meeting, no one needs to ask.” Teja has this straight forward nature with proper logic in place. What say?


Woody Allen talks about his life and work as a writer, dramatist and film-maker and discusses his creative sources, theoretical approaches and working methods. Shows scenes from some of his major films including “Annie Hall”, “Love and Death”, “Sleep”, “The Night Club Years” and “Take the Money and Run”.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., discusses his development as a writer, including reference to some of his major novels, his themes and their meaning, his relationship to other writers, problems in sustaining his special vision of American life, and his future. Accompanied by photographs which chronicle the author’s life and selections from home movies taken during his youth.
Jakub, a dreamer and budding magician, juggles between parcels and services rendered to the villagers. His eyes cross that of the beautiful gypsy Jolanka. Together, they will try to live a first and big love, despite the pressure of their respective communities.
Shot in black and white, with a jazzy soundtrack and no dialogue at all, The Lift tells the classic story of man versus machine. First short film by Robert Zemeckis, made while he was studying in California.
Bank executive Rainier allows his firm to deliver adventurous investor Chevalier d’Aven a huge loan, with what he thinks is his employer Mirement’s total backing. Chevalier’s business proves indeed to be disastrous, which forces the bank to cover up its high deficits. News of the scandal breaks out, and the bank now sees Rainier as the one being responsible for it – he is laid off. Wife Celine and union representative Arlette suggest he should sue his former boss.
A housewife, increasingly disenchanted with her homemaker role, searches for new meaning in her life and organizes a discussion group, changing the lives of her six closest friends.
Fashion model Sylvie falls asleep drunk in the cab of Munich taxi driver Paul, and an impossible love affair beckons. Renegade director Klaus Lemke had previously startled German TV audiences with the biker drama Rocker, announcing an unprecedented, unvarnished freshness and authenticity with nonprofessional actors, real dialect and on-the-fly style. In Sylvie, he adds a disarming tenderness.
In Hamburg, West Germany, a rocker biker gang helps a kid avenge his brother who was murdered by a rival gang, a mortal enemy of rocker gangs.


Can colon cancer cause back pain?Asked by: Prof. Damian Smitham
Score: 4.3/5 (68 votes)
Gastrointestinal tract. Cancers of the stomach, colon, and rectum can all cause lower back pain. This pain radiates from the cancer site to the lower back. A person with these cancer types may have other symptoms, such as sudden weight loss or blood in their stool.
What kind of pain does colon cancer cause?
Colon cancer pain is generally felt as vague abdominal pain or cramps. The exact site of the pain may vary depending upon the part of the colon involved, the size of the tumor and the extent to which it has spread in the body (metastasis).
What does back pain from cancer feel like?
When back pain is caused by a cancerous spinal tumor, it typically: Starts gradually and worsens over time. Does not improve with rest and may intensify at night. Flares up as a sharp or shock-like pain in the upper or lower back, which may also go into the legs, chest, or elsewhere in the body.
What does pain from colon cancer feel like?
“Colon cancer typically presents as a dull belly ache, if anything at all,” Dr. Ali says. In the more advanced stages of colon cancer, the pain may feel cramp-like or similar to bloat. Pain that is persistent and severe can be a sign of colon cancer and should never be overlooked.
What are the symptoms that colon cancer has spread?
- a change in bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or narrow stools, lasting more than a few days.
- blood in the stool, possibly making the stool look maroon or black.
- rectal bleeding of bright red blood.
Joanne Schottinger, MD Explains Colon Cancer Symptoms | Kaiser Permanente
What does poop look like with colon cancer?
Usually, the stools (poop) of the patients with colon cancer may have the following characteristics: Black poop is a red flag for cancer of the bowel. Blood from in the bowel becomes dark red or black and can make poop stools look like tar. Such poop needs to be investigated further.
How long can you live with untreated colon cancer?
The results showed the median survival of patients to be 24 months (range 16–42). One-year survival was found to be 65% while the 2-year survival was found to be 25%.
What was your first colon cancer symptom?
Diarrhea, constipation, or feeling that the bowel does not empty completely. General abdominal discomfort, such as frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness and/or cramps. Constant feeling of fatigue or tiredness. New onset anemia diagnosed on routine lab work.
What are the symptoms of stage 1 colon cancer?
- A persistent change in bowel habits.
- Narrow or pencil-thin stools.
- Diarrhea or constipation.
- Blood in the stool, rectal bleeding (blood may appear as bright red blood or dark stools)
- Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort, such as cramps or bloating.
What part of abdomen hurts with colon cancer?
If colon cancer metastasizes to the liver, you might feel pain in your right upper abdomen or right shoulder.
What does back pain from pancreatic cancer feel like?
A common symptom of pancreatic cancer is a dull pain in the upper abdomen (belly) and/or middle or upper back that comes and goes. This is probably caused by a tumor that has formed in the body or tail of the pancreas because it can press on the spine.
What are 7 warning signs of cancer?
- Change in bowel or bladder habits.
- A sore that does not heal.
- Unusual bleeding or discharge.
- Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere.
- Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
- Obvious change in a wart or mole.
- Nagging cough or hoarseness.
Does spinal cancer show up in blood work?
(1) all spine tumors were pathologically confirmed with a specific type, (2) blood samples were obtained before operation and/or treatment, (3) patients did not receive any treatment before the blood tests, and. (4) the osseous structures and/or neurostructures of the spine were affected by the tumors.
Can you feel colon cancer with your finger?
In this exam, your doctor will put his or her gloved finger into your rectum to feel for growths. It's not painful. However, it can be uncomfortable.
Does colon cancer cause sharp pains?
Sharp abdominal pain could indicate a blockage or perforation in the bowel. Severe and long lasting abdominal pain, bloating and cramping can be a sign of growing tumors, as can nausea and vomiting.
Can you have colon cancer for years and not know it?
Colon cancer is typically slow-growing, starting as a benign polyp that eventually becomes malignant. This process may occur over many years without producing any symptoms. Once colon cancer has developed, it may still be years before it is detected.
At what stage does colon cancer show symptoms?
Colorectal cancer symptoms may be minor or non-existent during the early stages of the disease, although there may be some early warning signs. The symptoms of colorectal cancer may not develop until the disease has progressed into stage 2 or beyond.
What can be mistaken for colon cancer?
Colorectal cancer can seem a lot like some common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), an infection, or inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. They usually have many of the same symptoms.
Does Stage 1 colon cancer require chemo?
People with very early colon cancer (stage 1) do not usually need chemotherapy. But this might change after surgery. After your operation, a specialist doctor (pathologist) closely exams your cancer.
Can you smell colon cancer?
With the distinct odor of colorectal cancer, VOCs can be used as an indication of the presence of colorectal cancer; we can use scent detection to screen for colorectal cancer (De Boer).
Can blood test detect colon cancer?
No blood test can tell you if you have colon cancer. But your doctor may test your blood for clues about your overall health, such as kidney and liver function tests. Your doctor may also test your blood for a chemical sometimes produced by colon cancers (carcinoembryonic antigen, or CEA).
How can colon cancer be detected without a colonoscopy?
However colonoscopy remains the most sensitive test for colorectal cancer screening and the identification of precancerous polyps. Stool based tests, such as Cologuard or FIT, are reasonable alternatives for patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo a standard colonoscopy.
What happens with untreated colon cancer?
Left untreated, these colon cancers grow and eventually spread through the colon wall to involve the adjacent lymph nodes and organs. Ultimately, the cancer cells spread (metastasized) to distant organs such as the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
Can you live a long life with colon cancer?
The five-year survival for these patients with localized colon and rectum cancer is around 90%. When the cancer has spread to the regional lymph nodes near the site of origin, the five-year survival rate is about 71%.
How long can you live with stage 1 colon cancer?
The colon cancer survival rate is encouragingly high; more than 92 percent of patients diagnosed with stage 1 colon cancer live for at least five years after diagnosis.


S8 - E3
Next Level Rage Texts
Stassi throws a book party at TomTom, but when Sandoval rage texts her for excluding him from the planning, it leads to an epic explosion between the two and forces Schwartz to pick sides between his two friends. Scheana bonds with new SUR server Charli over their mutual dislike for Dayna, while Dayna and Max’s relationship continues to blossom. Finally, with Lisa Vanderpump away on a business trip, Schwartz must try to mend the rift in his friend group before everyone heads to Miami to celebrate Jax and Brittany.