The Agri-commodity and food sector in Iran is expected to grow significantly in the years to come.
Iran is one of the largest economies in the Middle East and is characterized by a growing population and a rising income of the citizens. The country plays a large part in the consumption of agri-commodities in the region. There is a growing demand for food products and the production capacity of the country is often found struggling to meet the same. This growing demand for food is fueled by continuous growth in population, an increase in the middle class, and also an increase in urbanization.
Recently, a decades-long nuclear-related sanction against Iran was lifted after the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) on 16 January 2016, which has put the focus back on the agri-commodity market in the nation. The GDP of the country has grown by around 4 – 5 percent since the lifting of the sanctions. This trend is also expected to continue in the years to come.
The Iranian agri-commodity and food market
The country is working towards attaining self-sufficiency in the agricultural and food sector which is being reflected in the policies implemented since the Iranian revolution in 1979. The underlying objective of the policies is to ensure food security for the population. The food sector is regulated with the government imposing import duties and quotas on international exports.
The country is dependent on food imports from India.
Iran is self-sufficient in the production of vegetables and nuts, in fact, the country has the largest production of pistachio nuts, saffron, and berberis. The country imports red meat, butter, fish, fruit, and wheat, a dependence that is expected to continue for the foreseeable future.
In the sector of processed food, there are few varieties available. There is a lot of scope for the modernization of the sector and the import of specialized products from other nations.
Factors adversely affecting the agri-commodity and food sector
- Problems of water shortage and salinization of land, making important natural resources inaccessible to farmers
- Use of small-scale farms for residential and commercial purposes
Due to these factors, the food production in the country is expected to decrease and it is not quite clear whether the country would be able to cater to the rising food consumption in the coming years. This translates into rising imports of agricultural products and food into the country over time.
Agri-trading trends of India and Iran
In 2015, India and Iran had agreed to cooperate in the agricultural commodities trading sector and promote trade in rice, wheat, and oilseeds. The areas where both the countries decided to work together are agricultural research, technical collaboration in fisheries, and cooperation in seed and fodder development.
In the year 2014-15, total export of agricultural commodities from India to Iran was of the order of US $ 1687.03 million. India’s principal exports during this period were tea, barley, rice, sesamum, cane sugar, oil-cake, etc. During the same period, import from Iran was of the order of US $128.69 million and the principal items of import were almonds, pistachios, dates, etc.
India supplies more than one-third of Iran’s demand for sugar and rice. During the first quarter of 2020, Iran imported approximately 700,000 tons of basmati rice from India. Other products that are exported from India to Iran include barley, sesamum seeds, cane sugar, etc. The imports from Iran include almonds, pistachios, dates, and saffron, etc.
B2B Platforms that facilitate trade
The import of agricultural products and food to Iran is expected to increase over time. You can also start selling to buyers in Iran by registering yourself with Tradologie.com, the world’s first B2B platform that facilitates trade in Agri commodities without a phone call or an email. This B2B platform helps you trade with Iran and other countries of the world cost-effectively and without having to be physically present anywhere, from inquiry to delivery.


Your action in relation to a time period can be characterized with the help of two adverbs in Russian – «уже» /already/ and «ещё» /yet |still/. What do they mean, and how should they be used in speech?
The adverb «ещё» /yet | still/ shows that:
- a process or an action haven't started till the moment of speaking;
- a result of an action hasn't been achieved;
- an action which should have ended still lasts.
- Ты идёшь в кино? /Are you going to the cinema?/
- Ещё нет. Я пойду позже. /Not yet. I will go later/.
(The action «идти в кино» /to go to the cinema/ haven't started yet).
- Твоя сестра говорит по-английски? /Does your sister speak English?/
- Ещё нет. Она только начала учить английский. /Not yet. She just started learning English/
(The result of the action «говорить по-английски» /to speak English/ has not been achieved).
- Вы обедаете? /Are you having lunch?/
- Нет, мы ещё работаем. /No, we are still working/.
(The action «работать» /to work/ is going on).
The adverb «уже» /already/ tells that:
- a proces or an action finished;
- a result was achieved;
- a new process started instead of the expected by the conversationalist one.
- Сходи, пожалуйста, в магазин. /Go to the shop, please/.
- Я уже сходил. /I already did/.
(The action «сходить в магазин» /to go to the shop/ finished)
- Я помню, ты собирал деньги на машину. Ты купил её? /I remember you have been collecting money for a car. Have you bought it?/
- Да, я уже купил машину. /Yes, I've bought a car already/.
(The result has been achieved – a car has been bought).
- Твоя мама работает? /Is your mom working?/
- Нет, она уже отдыхает. /No, she's having rest already/.
(Mom finished working and started having rest).
That's all the difference! It is easy, isn't it? But there is a nuance.
Often the tasks on differenciating adverbs «ещё» /yet | still/ and «уже» /already/ are found in textbooks in Russian language for foreigners. However, there is no complete context, a situation this or that sentence is taken from. For example:
«Ты сейчас работаешь? – Нет, я … отдыхаю». /Are you working now? - No, I'm ... having rest/.
«У вас есть деньги? – Да, спасибо, … есть». /Do you have money? - Yes, thank you, I ... have/.
What adverb would you put in these sentences? Actually, there are two variants, depending on context.
The first example can be solved the following way:
- The work was finished, so I'm having rest. So, adverb «уже» /already/ should be used: «Нет, я не работаю, я уже отдыхаю». /No, I'm not working, No, I'm already having rest/.
- I'm having rest because the work haven't started or there is no any work yet. So, let's use adverb «ещё» /yet | still/: «Нет, я не работаю, я ещё отдыхаю». /No, I'm not working, No, I'm still having rest/.
The second example will be solved as:
- A person bothers whether I have money. I still do, and it means we'll answer this way: «Да, спасибо, ещё есть». /Yes, thank you, I still have/.
- I didn't have money, but I've got some now – came into money or borrowed from somebody. We'll answer: «Да, спасибо, уже есть». /Yes, thank you, I already have/.
These examples are given for you to be always able to look at one and the same situation from different viewpoints, and answer the questions correctly and clearly.


|Posted: Jan 25, 2016|
Flexible and transparent pressure sensor(Nanowerk News) Healthcare practitioners may one day be able to physically screen for breast cancer using pressure-sensitive rubber gloves to detect tumors, owing to a transparent, bendable and sensitive pressure sensor newly developed by Japanese and American teams (Nature Nanotechnology, "A Transparent, Bending Insensitive Pressure Sensor").
|The pressure sensors wrap around and conform to the shape of the fingers while still accurately measuring pressure distribution. (Image: Someya Laboratory)|
|Conventional pressure sensors are flexible enough to fit to soft surfaces such as human skin, but they cannot measure pressure changes accurately once they are twisted or wrinkled, making them unsuitable for use on complex and moving surfaces. Additionally, it is difficult to reduce them below 100 micrometers thickness because of limitations in current production methods.|
|To address these issues, an international team of researchers led by Dr. Sungwon Lee and Professor Takao Someya of the University of Tokyo's Graduate School of Engineering has developed a nanofiber-type pressure sensor that can measure pressure distribution of rounded surfaces such as an inflated balloon and maintain its sensing accuracy even when bent over a radius of 80 micrometers, equivalent to just twice the width of a human hair. The sensor is roughly 8 micrometers thick and can measure the pressure in 144 locations at once.|
|The device demonstrated in this study consists of organic transistors, electronic switches made from carbon and oxygen based organic materials, and a pressure sensitive nanofiber structure. Carbon nanotubes and graphene were added to an elastic polymer to create nanofibers with a diameter of 300 to 700 nanometers, which were then entangled with each other to form a transparent, thin and light porous structure.|
|"We've also tested the performance of our pressure sensor with an artificial blood vessel and found that it could detect small pressure changes and speed of pressure propagation," says Lee. He continues, "Flexible electronics have great potential for implantable and wearable devices. I realized that many groups are developing flexible sensors that can measure pressure but none of them are suitable for measuring real objects since they are sensitive to distortion. That was my main motivation and I think we have proposed an effective solution to this problem."|
|Source: University of Tokyo|
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I’ll bet the next AGW claim we’ll see will be “tropical storms last longer”.
NASA Sees Stubborn Nadine Intensify into a Hurricane Again
Infrared data from NASA’s Aqua satellite today, Sept. 28, revealed strong convection and thunderstorms have built up again in Tropical Storm Nadine as it moved over warm waters in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. That convection strengthened Nadine back into a hurricane today. Nadine has lasted over two weeks, but is nowhere near breaking the record for longest-lived tropical cyclone.
NASA’s Aqua satellite passed over long-lived Nadine on Sept. 28 at 0441 UTC (12:41 a.m. EDT) when it was still a tropical storm and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument captured an infrared image of the storm. A large area of strong thunderstorms developed around the center of circulation with very cold cloud top temperatures colder than -63 Fahrenheit (-52 Celsius).
On Sept. 27, when NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite passed overhead, convection was limited, and rainfall was light around the storm. The TRMM rainfall image showed Nadine had light rainfall surrounding most of the center of circulation. The heaviest intensity of about 20 mm/hour (~0.8 inches) appeared to be located just northeast of the center. That has changed 24 hours later as thunderstorms have re-developed and heavier rainfall appeared in a larger area of the storm.
At 11 a.m. on Sept. 28 Hurricane Nadine’s maximum sustained winds had climbed back up to hurricane strength and were near 75 mph (120 kmh). Twenty-four hours before, Nadine’s maximum sustained winds near 60 mph (95 kmh). Nadine is currently located near latitude 29.6 north and longitude 34.7 west, about 730 miles (1,175 km) southwest of the Azores Islands. Nadine is moving toward the northwest near 8 mph (13 kmh) and is expected to turn north-northwest over the next day.
Hurricane Nadine marked its seventeenth day of life today, Sept. 28, and is expected to continue lingering through the weekend of Sept. 29 and 30.
Nadine has a long way to go before breaking the record for longest life of a tropical cyclone. According to NOAA, in the Atlantic Ocean, Hurricane Ginger lasted 28 days in 1971. The Pacific Ocean holds the record, though as Hurricane/Typhoon John lasted 31 days. John was “born” in the Eastern North Pacific, crossed the International Dateline and moved through the Western North Pacific over 31 days during August and September 1994. Nadine, however, is in the top 50 longest-lasting tropical cyclones in either ocean basin.
Text credit: Rob Gutro
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.


In this talk we will introduce the importance of data over algorithms, along with the data science discovery loop. The idea behind is to discuss why without proper data labelling,
In this talk we will introduce the importance of data over algorithms, along with the data science discovery loop. The idea behind is to discuss why without proper data labelling, it is challenging to extract meaningful information (no free lunch theorem).
Some might argue that algorithms will be a utility in the following years. Therefore the raw material and data shall take the spotlight. How can we jumpstart the process? Which mistakes do we need to avoid? Are there any best practices?
Join us this afternoon to discuss the importance of data collection and get 5 tips to improve your data collection strategy. We will have a short networking after the presentation with beers (and sodas), and afterwards,check the flamenco show night in El Cabanyal neighbourhood.
18.30 – Open doors
18.45 – Intro to Vortex coworking space
19.00 – Presentation: Why Your Data is More Important than Machine Learning
20.00 – Q&A + Networking (beers & soda)
20.45 – Flamenco show night in El Cabanyal
– Business thinking to use their data in the present or near future, but don’t know where to start.
– Data analyst, data scientist, data engineers, data enthusiasts.
– Anyone who would like a gentle introduction to the topic in a friendly environment!
The talk will be deliver in English 🙂
Networking and/or Q&A can be both in English or Spanish
Please confirm assistance by writing an email to [email protected]
(Miércoles) 18:30 - 20:45


Pyrogens - what are they?
Pyrogens can be described as all substances that induce fever in humans or certain test animals within a limited effective period when applied parenterally in minute quantities. They can be regarded as relatively thermally stable and insensitive to pH changes.
The origin of pyrogenic substances varies and we can consider that organic molecules with a molecular weight of less than 1000 k dalton may have a pyrogenic effect. For instance, they may stem from viruses, certain organic compounds of non-biologic origin or certain protein components. The most important group of pyrogens in pharmaceutical production originates from the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria; these are also referred to as bacteria endotoxins.
The bacteria endotoxins represent lipopolysaccharide complexes with a high molecular weight.
Sources of contamination
There can be several sources of pyrogens in parenteral and medical device products. Usual sources include the water used as the solvent or in the processing and packaging components, as well as the chemicals, raw materials or equipment used in the preparation of the product. Good practice would include control of the microbiological and endotoxin levels of contamination in the potential sources.
For parenteral products, inspections have shown that where pyrogen problems were found in dosage forms, and when the source was one of the raw materials, it was the active drug substance. This was particularly true for drug substances in which process water was used at some later stage in the synthesis process. Endotoxin levels of the drug substance were subsequently lowered when the microbiological levels of the process water were lowered and the process water system was controlled.
As with most processes and pieces of equipment, it is good practice to know the limitations and/or capabilities of the equipment. For example, stills with high levels of endotoxins in the feed water have occasionally been shown to yield water-for-injection (WFI) of an unacceptable quality (>0.25 EU/ml). Some Pharmacopoeia allow the use of RO systems for WFI production. However, while it is true that RO membranes are able to perform a 3 log10 reduction of influent pyrogens, it is not possible to demonstrate that RO membranes can be classed as ‘sterile filters’. For this reason it is safer to produce WFI by distillation, where a phase passage does not allow bacteria to pass over. Whichever system is employed, good practice would include the ability to isolate and evaluate each piece of equipment in a WFI system.
Pyrogen-free water solutions
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies has studied this related problem and has developed a new generation of water treatment systems able to produce purified water (PW), highly purified water (HPW) and water-for-injection (WFI).
PW and HPW are produced using a combination of reverse osmosis systems and continuous electrodeionisation (CEDI) equipment, such as ORION™.
ORION™ packaged systems are pre-validated, skid-mounted and hot water sanitisable. Developed specifically for the pharmaceutical market, they are compliant with the pharmaceutical industry requirements and have 80 standard options in order to best meet the unique needs of each client. Their nominal flow rates go from 500 to 10 000 l/hr.
Depending on the application, ORION™ can produce either USP/Ph Eur purified water or pyrogen-free (Ph Eur highly purified water). Their main features are:
• Guaranteed microbial compliance through regular hot water sanitisation at 85°C.
• Fast-track project delivery through truly standardised product.
• Designed, manufactured and validated to GAMP.
• Fully compliant with latest ISPE, USP and Ph Eur specifications.
• Reduced validation hours through standard validation package.
• Automated PLC control minimises operator involvement.
• Unique CEDI design efficiently and reliably ensures product quality.
WFI is produced with distillation systems like POLARIS MED and POLARIS VCD. The pharmaceutical distiller chemically and microbiologically purifies water by phase change and entrainment separation. In this process, water is evaporated producing steam. The steam disengages from the water leaving behind dissolved solids, non-volatiles, and high molecular weight impurities. However, low molecular weight impurities can be carried with water mist/droplets, which are entrained in steam. A separator removes fine mist and entrained impurities, including endotoxins. The purified steam is condensed into water for injection. Distillation systems are available to provide a minimum of 3 log10 reduction in contaminants such as microorganisms and endotoxins.
In a multi effect still, purified steam produced in each effect is used to heat water and generate more steam in each subsequent effect.
In a vapour compression still, steam generated by the evaporation of feed water is compressed and subsequently condensed to form distillate.
POLARIS is a standard packaged WFI system. They are the solution that fits biotechnology and pharmaceutical market expectations offering a major step forward in WFI generation systems by incorporating efficient design solutions and effective pyrogen removal.
POLARIS MED, multiple effect stills, use falling film technology to produce up to 10,000 l/h (with 3 bar industrial steam) of WFI from a PW feed. POLARIS uses an innovative separation system to ensure complete water droplet removal in each effect. Efficient droplet removal is a critical step in pyrogen removal. Since pyrogens are non-volatile they can only be carried by water droplets, once the feed water has been turned to steam. By effectively removing any entrained water droplets using a novel process based on differential kinetic energy, POLARIS provides good pyrogen removal security.
POLARIS VCD vapour compression stills are capable of producing up to 25,000 l/h of WFI from a softened mains water feed. They can be heated by steam or an electric immersion heater (depending on unit size), and an electrically powered vapour compressor provides the additional energy necessary to produce distilled water at a temperature between 25°C and 90°C depending on requirements.
POLARIS VCD is equipped with double tube sheet (DTS) heat exchangers for eliminating contamination risk between the feed water inlet and the water for injection, while optimising heat recovery from the outgoing WFI and also from the waste gases produced by the gas removal device. In POLARIS VCD, the contaminants are released from the vapour in the water droplet separator by close control of the shear and speed ratio between the vapour and any water droplets present.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing revue, June 01-1991, Brandel Thimmel U.
M.P. Santoro and C.L. Maini, European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences, European Journal of Parenteral & Pharmaceutical Sciences 8 (March 2003).


Anaerobic bacteria -- microbes that live without oxygen -- are helping to turn plant and animal waste into energy and to clean up waste discharges.
Although the concept of burning biogas released from waste products has been around for centuries, waste producers in the United States have only recently begun to use the technique.
Currently, there are about a dozen major anaerobic digesters producing biogas on a commercial basis. This gas is about 60 percent methane and 40 percent carbon dioxide. It can be compressed for storage or used immediately to produce energy on site.
In most cases, operators finance their systems by selling electricity back to their local power companies, as well as by their own energy costs. Energy use on site often involves ''cogeneration,'' in which waste heat produced by the biogas process is also used as an energy source.
Ancient civilizations used naturally occurring biogas for cooking. Today, most such gas is produced outside the US. In China, for instance, there are an estimated 7 million family-size digesters, plus 560 rural power stations fueled by animal and plant waste. While some municipal waste water systems generate methane in the US, the inclusion of highly toxic industrial wastes usually confines that production to the later stages of effluent treatment.
Meanwhile, the private commercial digesters already ''on stream'' are working examples of how the entire waste product can be used. Besides producing energy and nutritious food supplements, the systems eliminate most environmental pollutants, greatly reduce odor, and speed the conversion of waste-treatment settlement lagoons into a reusable water supply.
Mr. Umstadter has worked to help set up four systems in the US and Guatemala for dairy and livestock waste. He says he considers that the lush tropical areas of Latin America have great potential for producing energy from fruit and vegetable waste.
Turning a manure processing system into a plant digester requires little alteration. It is more a matter of ''materials handling,'' he explains. Recently Agway, a leading agricultural cooperative in the Northeast, agreed to market the AES systems through their outlets.
Mr. Umstadter had been active as project manager in helping nearby Kaplan Industries install what now is the country's largest methane digester at its cattle feedlot and 250,000-head-a-year slaughterhouse. The project, funded largely with a $920,000 grant from what is now the Department of Energy, was completed in 1979. The digester can process 25 tons of manure a day. This generates $158,000 worth of methane and $380,000 worth of nutrient-rich byproducts annually.
Before it had the methane digester and anaerobic-aerobic lagoon system, Kaplan had been discharging one-quarter- to one-half-million gallons of waste water daily from its processing plant and feedlot. Kaplan officials had installed an earlier lagoon system themselves. They modeled it after similar settlement lagoons used throughout Europe.
Seven empty phosphate pits, left behind by strip-miners, provided a pond system with the help of separating dikes. The first several anaerobic ponds in the 100-acre system held nutrient-rich solids, which settled out there. Succeeding ponds were oxygen-supporting (aerobic) bodies of water. The first, deeper ponds promoted a natural anaerobic conversion of the methane - which was then lost in the atmosphere - while the subsequent, shallower ponds promoted the cleansing, aerobic action to make the water reusable on-site.
Although recyclable, water in the latter ponds was still so nutrient-rich it encouraged heavy algae growth, which interfered with reuse. A fast-growing, freshwater tropical food fish, the tilapia, was then introduced to control the algae. The tilapia, a weed-eating perch, was so successful that Kaplan hired commercial fishermen to harvest the fish three times a year for use as a frozen white fish product.
The anaerobic digestion system was then added to take the pressure of settling solid wastes off the lagoon system and to produce energy.
According to AES vice-president Elizabeth Coppinger, the system works like this:
* An automated scrapper periodically removes manure which falls through concrete slats in the floors of the six quarter-mile-long sheds housing the cattle.
* The material is mixed with waste water with organic residue and ''pouch manure'' (undigested waste) from the processing plant and then fed into the two 320,000-gallon digester containers.
* As the anaerobic bacteria breaks down the volatile solids, the biogas is released through the top of the containers. New waste continually enters the container, spending an average of 15 days inside before the fermentation is complete.
* The biogas is siphoned off to fuel the company's steam-producing boilers used in meatpacking, and on weekends and holidays (when the boilers are inactive) it fires a 440-kilowatt generator. The generator produces electricity to be channeled into the grid of local Florida Power Company, which is required by federal regulations to pay Kaplan for the energy.
* The digested solids are pumped from the containers as an inert and odorless material with an almost soil-like consistency. It can also be used as a feed supplement for livestock. In other forms, it can be added to building materials, horse feed supplements, and even used as artificial fireplace logs.
* The nutrient-rich liquid from the digester then enters the first of the anaerobic lagoons, creating tiny methane bubbles from the rest of the undigested waste. (At this stage, some farmers simply use the liquid for irrigation.) ''The lagoons are set up to confine waste and to allow the breakdown to occur on the property,'' Ms. Coppinger explains. ''The breakdown will occur anyway. But it will happen somewhere down the road in a stream - creating environmental damage.''
Since the Kaplan installation, AES has created a more simplified, modular digester system designed for use on a ''turnkey'' basis. The systems feature six sizes of digester containers, a gas collection system, and a fail-safe control panel to monitor the operation. To make the system economically feasible, an owner should have at least 200 dairy cows, 1,000 beef cattle, 400 swine, or 50, 000 laying hens, according to Mr. Umstadter.
AES currently operates a working model of its system on a 100-head dairy farm in Bedford, Va., to introduce the system to the general public as well as to prospective clients. But Mr. Umstadter figures that the average American dairy farm is probably closer to a 600-head capacity. ''Generally speaking, at today's rates - and taking advantage of energy investment tax breaks - a farmer can put in an anaerobic digester system that pays for itself in five-six years,'' he says.


Number of Genera: 5 – Balebreviceps (1), Breviceps (17), Callulina (9), Probreviceps (6), Spelaeophryne (1)
Number of Species: 34
Brevicipitidae or the Rain Frog family is found in sub-Saharan Africa in the eastern and southern parts. All the members of the family are direct developing. They also have small heads.
The genus Balebreviceps contains only one species, Bale Mountains tree frog (Balebreviceps hillmani) which is found in Ethiopia. It is listed sadly as critically endangered.
Breviceps are considered the rain frogs or short-headed frogs. The world’s cutest frog is in this genus.
The genus Callulina is known as the warty frogs. Most of the species in this genus were discovered in this millennium.
Frogs in the genus Probreviceps are found in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and maybe Mozambique.
There is only one species in the genus Spelaeophryne, Spelaeophryne methneri which is found in Tanzania.


If you are new to using Microsoft MakeCode, check out our guide to getting started.
We'll need to have the Crickit extension loaded to have the Circuit Playground Express and Crickit to work together. See this guide for the instructions.
The code below is the MakeCode for driving the Peltier Module. It's got a lot going on, let's break it down. The Temperature sensor and the potentiometer are connected to analog inputs on the Circuit Playground Express. The first 4
set blocks convert the analog voltage read (from 0 to 1023) to the temperature and a number of seconds from 0 to 10 for timing the Peltier cycle.
Note: In CircuitPython the number of possible values from analog reads are 0 to 65532, in MakeCode only 0 to 1023, in case you are comparing the code.
If the Peltier
cool_time is less than a second, we ensure it's either zero or one as we don't want to cycle the module less than a second at a time as it does not like fast cycle times.
The values are printed out in the Windows 10 app if running via
console log blocks.
The next if block will stop the Peltier for
cool_time seconds and run it for
(10 - cool_time) seconds. As the pause block is in milliseconds, we multiply the number of seconds by 1000.
Display shows the number of seconds the Peltier is running off. If Button A is pressed, the display is switched to temperature from 32 to 82 degrees with each light 5 degree steps. Pressing Button A again switches back to the seconds dialed in by the Potentiometer.


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By: Liz Ahlberg Touchstone
Children ages 5 to 11 now can receive a COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech under emergency use authorization from the Food and Drug Administration and recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rebecca Lee Smith (IGOH), an epidemiologist and also professor with the Carle Illinois College of Medicine and the College of Veterinary Medicine, works with school districts on COVID-19 safety protocols and tracking viral spread among children. Smith talked with News Bureau Biomedical Sciences Editor Liz Ahlberg Touchstone about the vaccine approval for school-aged children.
Why should kids be vaccinated against COVID-19? How common is infection and serious illness among kids?
When kids returned to in-person school, the hospitalization rate in school-aged children increased by a factor of five, according to a CDC report. As of last week, 6.4 million children have tested positive, and in states that report the data, between 0.1% and 2% of children testing positive end up in the hospital and up to 0.03% die. That may sound like a very small risk, but even small percentages of large numbers add up, and it has resulted in more than 8,300 hospitalizations among 5- to 11-year-olds and COVID-19 being among the top 10 causes of death for U.S. kids this year.
On top of all that, we know that infections in school-aged children have driven community infection. Vaccination decreases the risk of both infection and transmission, and therefore protects the public – including younger siblings, who aren’t eligible yet.
What kinds of COVID-19-related challenges have schools and families with school-aged children faced since reopening? How can widespread vaccination address those challenges?
COVID-19 has been such a challenge for schools and for families with school-aged children! We parents know that schools are a great place for kids to exchange germs, and this virus is no exception. There have been major outbreaks in schools all around the country, forcing schools to switch to remote learning and sending parents scrambling to safely care for their kids while also maintaining their own work. Widespread vaccination would reduce both the risk of infection in the school environment and decrease the need for extensive quarantines.
We are lucky in Illinois to have widespread surveillance testing available in our schools, as well as a school mask mandate and vaccine mandate for teachers, limiting school-based outbreaks. We also have, in some areas, test-to-stay, meaning that close contact with a case doesn’t automatically result in two weeks of quarantine. Even so, we have seen outbreaks within Illinois schools.
Widespread vaccination works synergistically with all the other mitigations we have in place, resulting in a COVID-19 control program that is stronger than the sum of its parts. My hope is that once we see widespread vaccine uptake, we can start to approach what’s being called the “off ramp” for schools, relaxing mask mandates and returning some activities that have been limited.
If a child is healthy with no underlying conditions, why be concerned? Wouldn’t contracting COVID-19 be mild for them and give them natural immunity?
It should be noted that children have had severe infections and died without having known underlying conditions. Vaccines actually offer more protection than natural immunity, and are very effective at preventing serious disease, including long COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome. In addition, the few serious adverse events that have been associated with vaccination in teens – such as myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart that’s been documented in a small percentage of adolescent males – are more common after infection than they are after vaccination.
Why is the vaccine dose for kids 5-11 so much smaller than for those 12 and up? Should a parent of an 11-year-old wait until they turn 12 to get them the higher dose?
The vaccine dose for kids is based on immune response, and the smaller dose is known to be effective in 11-year-olds. It is better to get the shot now! In addition, kids on the cusp will likely be eligible for a booster after they turn 12.
What advice do you have for parents regarding vaccination? For school systems?
I recommend that parents get their kids vaccinated as soon as they are eligible. That’s what I will be doing. And remember that 5- to 11-year-olds, if given the first dose right away, will not be fully vaccinated by Thanksgiving – so remain cautious about exposures over the holiday.
School systems need to start thinking about changes to their testing programs for vaccinated kids. Given the timing, I’m not recommending any other changes this semester, but come spring we can start to think about scaling back other control measures if vaccine uptake is high enough.
By: Liz Ahlberg Touchstone
Photos By: Fred Zwicky


BICYCLING IS A FORM OF MASS TRANSIT
AND IT PROVIDES THE EXERCISE WE NEED
I would like to say a few words about bicycling, and most of the things I say about biking will apply to walking.
Biking is an excellent form of exercise. Almost everyone can bike. Old people can bike. Fat people can bike. It is not as hard on the knees as jogging.
Biking is also an excellent form of transportation. It is not as fast as driving but much faster than walking and a relatively fast way to get around. Bicycling can be a way for people to get to bus stations or get to their ultimate destinations.
Biking is my main form of exercise. I bike mostly standing up, going up and down hills. It is quite a workout. It is a good way for me to get to the post office and the bank. I bike in the dead of winter. I even bike at night. I ride with my blinking headlight and tail light night or day so drivers will see me.
I propose we develop what I would call bicycle highways and freeways. Some would be striped lanes winding through neighborhood streets. Some like the Burk-Gillman and the Interurban should be limited access bicycle freeways.
Traffic signals should be set up at busy streets so bicycles can cross. Traffic flow could be timed so that bikers and cars could take turns riding through on green lights. To cross the busiest streets and highways there should be overpasses or underpasses so bikers and walkers could pass safely.
I note how difficult it is in most places for pedestrians and cyclists to cross freeways. The roads that pass under freeway interchanges often include no lanes for walkers and bikers, who must sprint across freeway on-ramps littered with broken glass and gravel. Bike tires can be punctured.
Biking is not necessarily a sweaty thing, but employers should be encouraged to make showers available for those who push hard and get sweaty.
Already we have bicycle corridors on major thoroughfares and even highways. Their virtue of these is that they are straight and that hills are gradual. Unfortunately, it is inevitable that drivers will make mistakes and hit bikers. I suggest that alternate routes be developed which would parallel heavily traveled thoroughfares and run a few blocks away from busy streets. These routes would twist and turn through neighborhood streets. There would be few cars on these streets, and the few cars there would be required to drive slowly and carefully and give bikes and pedestrians the right of way.
What is mass transit? It is transportation that moves a lot of people and goes really fast. Moves a lot of people—yes. Goes really fast—not necessarily. If the mode of transportation moves a large number of people and the distances are not great, then high speed is not a necessary ingredient. It is the total flow per hour that is important. Three miles can easily be walked by a pedestrian in an hour, and 12 can easily be biked by a biker. The term “mass transit” should not have to exclude methods where people travel three mph as in the case of walkers or 12 mph as in the case of bicycling. I would propose bicycle and pedestrian routes that would be multiple and parallel, and which would thus have a large carrying capacity. This is why I contend that biking and walking qualify as mass transit.
We have a lot of people who have problems getting to and from work. A lot of these people do not get enough exercise. In one bicycle or walking package we could give them weight loss, good health, and a refreshing and reasonably fast commute to work.


In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were largely unknown in Europe and were outside the Old World political and economic system. The four voyages of Columbus began the Spanish colonization of the Americas. For a long time it was generally believed that Columbus and.
Andrew Jackson Born To Command They have become a symbol of Americana, with seven U.S. Presidents having been born in them, most famously, Abraham Lincoln. Andrew Jackson, James Buchanan were also born in log cabins. Kevin and. It is called Jacksonianism, and Trump is the Andrew Jackson of his day. whose land they coveted. It’s easy to imagine a Trumpian
Proud to be an American” by Lee Greenwood By consensus, Christopher. book that included maps of the two new continents that Vespucci and Columbus had visited. Being unfamiliar with Columbus,
Christopher Columbus was born in 1951 in Sydney, Australia. His home was on the sea and Christopher longed to become an explorer and sailor. However, as a young man, Christopher went to Portugal and got involved in the map making business with his brother, Bartholomew.
Christopher Columbus (/ k ə ˈ l ʌ m b ə s /; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonist who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain. He led the first European expeditions to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America, initiating the permanent European colonization of the Americas.
Extinct in large parts of North America since the Ice Age, earthworms began spreading there once again following Christopher Columbus’ voyage. Wherever this species. When he first saw a map of.
400 East Martin Luther King Blvd Charlotte Nc 28202 Hotels near NASCAR Hall of Fame, Charlotte on TripAdvisor:. 400 E Martin Luther King Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28202-2343. Read Reviews of NASCAR Hall of Fame. Filters. Price. $0. $200 + Price per night. 508 E Martin Luther King Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28202. Carowinds (14523 Carowinds Blvd. E. 6th St.) – Named best barbecue in Charlotte,
Christopher Columbus, commonly rendered in Spanish as Cristóbal Colón (1451 – May 20, 1506) was a Genoese-born navigator, explorer, and colonizer whose epochal voyage west across the Atlantic Ocean, in 1492, in search of a direct sea route to the Indies,
1492–An Ongoing Voyage: This site is an exhibit of the Library of Congress. It includes many primary sources such as original maps. Columbus. The site is set up in six areas which are: "What Came.
Discovery, Exploration, Colonies, & Revolution. Updated July 3, 2005. JUMP TO.. TIMELINES & MAPS / PRIMARY DOCUMENTS. DISCOVERY & EXPLORATION. NATIVE AMERICANS &.
If it weren’t for pickles, Christopher Columbus. in Haiti to restock for the rest of the voyage. 9. Speaking of people who get credit for discovering America, when he wasn’t drawing maps and trying.
When we talk about the discovery of this great nation, we usually talk about Christopher Columbus, whose voyages sparked widespread awareness. He would sail to Greenland, a place he’d never been,
(CBS News) It’s Columbus Day weekend, when we remember the sea captain who sailed to the New World in 1492 under the flag of the King and Queen of Spain. It was the AGE OF DISCOVERY.
Biography: Christopher Columbus is the explorer who is credited for discovering America. Of course, there were already people living in America at the time who we call Native Americans.There even was a European, Leif Ericsson, who had been to the Americas before.
( – promoted by navajo). Christopher Columbus: The Christian Crusades had ended in 1291, the Black Death had been deliberately blamed on innocent Jews who said what their Christian torturers forced them to, that they poisoned water wells, causing the Black Death. Of course, the real cause was in the stomachs of fleas, not planetary alignment, earthquakes, or God’s Judgment.
The map, if genuine, would have shown that Norsemen were the first Europeans to reach the New World, landing in North America centuries before Christopher Columbus. Nordic sagas describe voyages to.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), oldest permanent specialized agency of the United Nations, established in October 1945 with the objective of eliminating hunger and improving nutrition and standards of living by increasing agricultural productivity.
How Did Theodore Roosevelt Contribute To The Environment Edmund James, then president of the University of Illinois, helped persuade President Theodore Roosevelt to return some of these. would receive their training in China and make contributions to. When Did Parties Switch Why did political parties switch to national conventions to nominate presidential candidates? Feb 22, 2008. The Dixiecrats were a political party organized
Lewis and Clark Expedition Map of Lewis and Clark Expedition by William Clark and Meriwether Lewis, 1804–06. Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C
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Christopher Columbus’ daring needs no introduction, but one is often pleasantly surprised at the fine quality of mind of this self-taught, red-haired, handsome, talented, and ambitious man.
A copy of a rare 16th century map known as "the birth certificate of America" has. thinking he had been the first to discover it rather than Christopher Columbus.
Menzies based his theory on evidence from old shipwrecks, Chinese and European maps. most people believed that Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to "discover" America—the first to make a.
Maps can be a tricky thing — just ask Christopher Columbus where he took the wrong turn to "discover. Check out the map below and see where you might end up after an ocean voyage: Image Credit:.
Vespucci’s business helped outfit one of Christopher Columbus’ voyages, and in 1496. America, after Amerigo [Vespucci], its discoverer, a man of great ability." The name stuck. Waldseemüller’s maps.
This story appears in the March/April 2017 issue of National Geographic History magazine. two before Cantino’s map, the earliest known depiction of the New World was made by Juan de la Cosa, a.
Christopher Columbus Facts. Christopher Columbus (c. 1451 to May 20, 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator. In 1492, he sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain in.
Founding Fathers Quotes On Dissent Deism is a theological theory concerning the relationship between a creator and the natural world. Deistic viewpoints emerged during the scientific revolution of 17th-century Europe and came to exert a powerful influence during the 18th-century Enlightenment. Deism stood between the narrow dogmatism of the period and skepticism.Though deists rejected atheism, they often were called "atheists.
1509. The Spanish authorities refused to grant to Diego Columbus (Christopher’s son) privileges to all discovered land, as a results, the Crown officially appointed Juan Ponce de.
The Later Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1498-1502. Although Columbus built more forts and even brought women from Spain to ensure the permanence of.
Christopher Columbus The day after the expulsion, August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus left on his famed voyage of discovery. considered the greatest and most significant collection of maps at the.
Should be heroify them too? 4. We owe the United States of America to Christopher Columbus – The notion that without Columbus there would be no United States. This is wrong for the following reasons:.
Christopher Columbus’ three subsequent voyages In the years following his first voyage, Christopher Columbus carried out three more journeys, but with better resources than in the past.
The Search for Columbus An in-depth analysis of the genealogy of Christopher Columbus Written by Eugene Lyon From the National Geographic Vol.181, No.1, January 1992
On Christopher Columbus’s first voyage to America, he reported seeing a "mountain like. There are, however, very good reasons for thinking that they didn’t. Arab maps were the best in the world,
Activities: Materials: Activity > What is a ship and consonant digraph Sh ship printable activities Visit this lesson plan and incorporate this craft activity. There are resources to learn about the three historical ships Christopher Columbus and his crew sailed on their first voyage.
In 1492, he sailed the ocean blue, but Christopher Columbus’ ships went on other voyages. And on Tuesday’s episode of. Cooper left Miklos maps and other information about possible sites and the.
Sailing near the Dominican Republic in 1493, Christopher. N.Y., said Columbus was mentally primed for mermaids when he saw what history holds to be manatees. Folklore and early travelers’ tales.
“In fourteen hundred and ninety two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue…. Today, Christopher Columbus is celebrated as a mythical hero by some – complete with songs, poems, and fictional tales about his great adventure across the Atlantic to explore the majestic land that would eventually be known as the Americas.
The map in. on a rambling voyage following scholars and explorers as they try to make sense of the world, from Ptolemy’s mathematical formulas for rendering the globe into a two-dimensional map (no.


360 Division Ave. S., Ste. 2A, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Thursday, January 19 - 7:00 PM to 9:00 PM
Thursdays, January 19, 26 and February 2, 7:00 – 8:45pm Eastern Christians are not Protestants; most of them are not Catholics. Who are they and where do they come from? Jan 18/19: The Ancient Churches of the Middle East Conflict at the early Church Councils, especially Ephesus (431) and Chalcedon (451). The Coptic Churches of Egypt and Ethiopia. The Armenians. The Nestorians, Assyrians and Chaldeans. The Maronites. The St Thomas Christians of India. Jan 25/26: How Catholics and Orthodox got Separated The many centuries when being Orthodox and Catholic was the same. Cultural differences between western Latin and eastern Greek Christians. The five patriarchs. Rise of the papacy; Caesaro-Papism at Constantinople. Temporary separations and reconciliations. Iconoclasm. The formal separation of 1054. Feb 1/2: Orthodoxy since the Separation Decline of the Byzantine Empire. Conversion of the Balkan Slavs. Rise of the Russian Empire. The Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Turks. Uniate movements in the Ukraine and the Middle East; The Melkites. The Soviet empire and its aftermath.


NTSB preliminary reports do not draw conclusions as the cause of a crash. But the NTSB’s preliminary report of the Turbine Otter crash that killed 9 near Ketchikan on June 25 suggests a weather-related “CFIT” crash, exactly as described here.
First, the report indicates that the flight was conducted under Visual Flight Rules. That means that that pilot was supposed to stay out of the clouds and avoid the terrain by looking out the window rather than by relying on instruments.
Second, the report indicates that the closest reported weather was “marginal” for flying under visual flight rules. (“The closest weather reporting facility is Ketchikan Airport (KTN), Ketchikan, AK, about 24 miles southwest of the accident site. . . few clouds 800 feet, broken clouds 1,200 feet, overcast clouds 2,700 feet. . .”)
Third, and most significantly, a helicopter pilot searching for the aircraft minutes after the crash was unable to get to the crash site because the terrain was obscured by clouds and fog.
The NTSB noted that the Otter was equipped with a moving map display that is designed to depict the aircraft’s position with respect to hazardous terrain. When first introduced, such displays were seen as a boon to safety, making it easier for pilots to avoid terrain that they might not otherwise be able to see. But some argue that such technology doesn’t increase safety at all, because pilots use the technology to fly closer to the edge than they otherwise would. The phenomenon coming into play is called “risk homeostasis.” And in fact, the NTSB has previously found that aircraft equipped with moving maps and the other technology comprising modern "glass cockpits" have a higher rate of fatal accidents than those that aren’t.


The Welfare of Cats
Animal welfare is attracting increasing interest worldwide, but particularly from those in developed countries, who now have the knowledge and resources to be able to offer the best management systems for their farm animals, as well as potentially being able to offer plentiful resources for companion, zoo and laboratory animals. The increased attention given to farm animal welfare in the West derives largely from the fact that the relentless pursuit of financial reward and efficiency has led to the development of intensive animal production systems, that challenge the conscience of many consumers in those countries. In developing countries human survival is still a daily uncertainty, so that provision for animal welfare has to be balanced against human welfare. Welfare is usually provided for only if it supports the output of the animal, be it food, work, clothing, sport or companionship. In reality, there are resources for all if they are properly husbanded in both developing and developed countries. The inequitable division of the world’s riches creates physical and psychological poverty for humans and animals alike in all sectors of the world. Livestock are the world’s biggest land user (FAO, 2002) and the population is increasing rapidly to meet the need of an expanding human population. Populations of farm animals managed by humans are therefore increasing worldwide, and there is the tendency to allocate fewer resources to each animal. Increased attention to welfare issues is just as evident for companion, laboratory, wild and zoo animals.
Written by experts from the UK, the USA and SwitzerlandFocuses on the major issues affecting the welfare of domestic catsCovers cat behaviourAssesses welfare, human-cat relationship and feline behaviour problems, cat overpopulation and feral cats, the impact of housing, disease, nutrition and breeding on welfare


Becoming a politician is a good opportunity for those who truly want to make a change in the world and make it a better place for future generations. This could really help you in triggering some sort of a positive difference in the society! That feeling will certainly be amazing. However, the road to becoming a politician will not be easy and neither would it be short, but it would definitely be worth it. Still, most people wonder how to become a politician without a law degree since law school is really tough. We are here to answer all your problems.
Local, state and federal areas of public service are some instances where politicians play a huge part. They not only create and implement basic laws, but also set up guidelines that govern a society. Thus, politicians can have a huge impact on how a government is run. Although it is a challenging and taxing position, it is also very rewarding. Therefore, individuals who are planning to pursue this career option, have to rigorously prepare themselves for everything that comes with a political life. In this article, we will cover all that you need in order to become a politician.
What Is A Politician?
Anyone who takes part in or has a say in how a legislature is run is called a politician. Government officials can chip away at a local, state or federal level and are either chosen into office or selected by a pioneer who is already in office. The essential obligation of a politician is to propose, vote on and sanction laws and policies that will decide how a government will run. Individuals from the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, state lawmakers, city councilors, lead representatives and chairmen, are all examples of politicians.
What Are The Duties Of A Politician?
A politician has many responsibilities, some of these common duties are listed below:
- Hearing and addressing public concerns, queries and demands
- Passing and proposing laws that are directly associated with public needs such as budget plans and funding allocation
- Serving on committees
- Making public appearances at different political functions and events
- Hearing and discussing political problems at public or private meetings
- Meeting with constituents and lobbyists
- Campaigning for elections or re-elections
The particular obligations and schedule of a politician will rely upon the office they are chosen for and whether or not they can perform their duties at a local, state or government level. For instance, local and state politicians can perform part-time duties. However, most of the time, federal politicians often work full-time. In any case, most government officials’ obligations incorporate talking with legislators, constituents and advisory confidants, along with assuming a part in the creation and implementation of laws.
How To Become A Politician
In order to become a politician several years of experience, influence, along with a strong academic background in politics or any related field is required. Given below are the steps you should take to become a politician:
Get A Bachelor’s Degree:
There is no specific higher education prerequisite if one wants to become a politician. However, the best government officials hold at least a four year certification. Normal areas of study for politicians are political theory, business, international relations, economics or other related fields. A few politicians decide to finish law or business college along with getting a four year bachelor’s certification. Having a four year long degree or higher is particularly useful for the individuals who wish to seek a career in politics at either the state or federal level.
Participate In Local Politics and Causes:
Most politicians usually begin their career by working at the lowest level of community politics and association. This will likewise give you a helpful experience that you can add to your political resume. Regular approaches to engage in your neighborhood activities incorporate working voluntarily for a local campaign or advisory group, sitting on local boards and taking part in a section of your chosen political group. Turning into a functioning individual from your nearby political issues can assist you with getting seen by government officials along with supporting your enthusiasm, passion and ability to invest time and energy for the betterment of the society.
Network With Local Political Leaders:
You can get in touch with local political members who can assist you in learning about the ins and outs of a political career. This can also help you acquire support for your own political ambitions and aspirations. Once you form a relationship with these politicians, you can use their experience to teach yourself how a successful politician acts and how they earn the society’s respect and confidence.
Numerous politicians start their professions at a local level and stir their way up to state and federal levels. You should put your emphasis and energy on building support as a local government official before endeavoring to run for more significant political positions. Pick a nearby political position that intrigues you and start lobbying for it. For instance, you could run for a town council member or become part of an educational committee.
Form A Team And Platform To Campaign For Higher Political Positions:
As soon as you have completed the necessary voluntary work at a local level, you can start to work for and form campaigns for more significant political positions. This requires a hardworking and dedicated campaign team, a strong political platform and an efficient marketing strategy. Despite having all these elements, the entire procedure can take several months or even years. Since you will also need funds for your campaign, it is always the best option to win the support of your community and beyond.
Run your campaign:
After investing the energy needed to design a genuine and compelling campaign, and exerting yourself to the max, you should be able to successfully run that campaign to get chosen as a politician. Running a campaign can incorporate making speeches and engaging with the crowd, getting your platform noticed by however many citizens as could be expected under the circumstances, and carrying out other different activities to make your goals as a government official known. If your campaign is effective, you will be chosen into office as a politician.
Requirements To Become A Politician
We have already mentioned how to become a politician. Now let us take a look at the basic requirements to become a politician:
- Get a college degree
- Make sure you have a lot of volunteer work under your belt
- Make sure that you are affiliated with a political party
- Be active in your community
- Be passionate about a particular cause
- Start your political career locally
- Develop a campaign
- Seek help from your financially strong friends and contacts
- You should have great public speaking skills
- You should have a professional wardrobe
- You need to be comfortable being in the media and having a public presence
- Make sure that you have solid views
- Be firm and tough without being rude
What Do You Have To Study To Become A Politician
A politician needs to be well educated in order to have some sort of an impact on the community as well as in their own circle. Here are some degrees you can pursue if you want to become a politician:
- Political Science
- International Relations
You can even opt for related degrees if not exactly these.
Politicians have a lot on their plates, but the job is also very eye-opening. You get to learn about things that you normally would not have. After reading this article, you now have an idea on how you can become a politician. It is time that you start planning your political career and work towards making a difference!


Day of the Dead Homework: The Remembering of Dead person
There is no doubt that certitude means quite a lot for the track record of the humankind. It has been carefully guided people with regard to thousands decades. It would be rational to say that will religion is often a reflection about people’s beliefs, fears in addition to views . However , pros usually specify religion because a particular system of views that is definitely stipulated by means of belief around supernatural forces and features the abridgement of moral procedures, which means the proper habit for faith followers, tradition and performs of praise. Religion likewise unites consumers into many organizations for example church, croyance community, sangha etc . Some people also imagine that religion presents us a chance to reunite while using God . Religion is usually a special man’s attitude in order to himself/herself and then to the world. Often the religious system of world idea is based on orlando belief and also related with particular attitude towards supernatural world. This dissertation on foi gives advice about the concept of croyance and hope. It offers one brief information on the most in-demand religions on the planet and provides you actually with info on their methods and beliefs. Also this particular essay conveys to about the link between croyance and scientific research.
That the religious record has begun?
There are numerous points of view on the etymology of the expression ‘religion’. For example , famous roman writer together with speaker Cicero thought the word originated from the Asian verb ‘relegere’ (rethink, obtain again, speak about again), which inturn in radical sense implies ‘worship’ or maybe ‘appreciate a little something immensely’. Contemporary scholars exhibit another point of view on the origin of this message. They declare that it originated from the Latin word ‘religare’ (to get in touch, to attach). Therefore , a number of people think that foi is the union of a human and the Our god.
The certitude was begot by human’s intellectual energy. The first opinions appeared men and women were residing in caves. This specific beliefs is made in order to demonstrate some all-natural phenomena and processes. In the first place their vistas were fairly primitive and even were based on such values as totemism, fetishism, idolatry, shamanism, praise to the character powers in order to the ancestors. Unfortunately, may well little concerning the spiritual beliefs of historical people. You should definitely mention with your essay related to religion which contemporary specialists tend to think that religion made an appearance when the 1st written informations about householder’s religious experience were made. In addition, there are couple of theories to the appearance from the religion on human’s living. The first is christian theory. It tells which the man was developed by the Jesus and ahead of the Fall they were tightly connected. After the Slide their transmission was troubled, but the Lord continued that will communicate with individuals via His particular Revelations. The second reason is evolutionary principles. The enthusiasts of this idea are convinced that religion appeared due to the fact man experienced reached a selected level of brain development, trip had not accomplish the necessary intellectual level to go into detail natural trends, which occurred around him. The historical human thought that every healthy phenomenon, out of drought to thunderstorm, were caused by a number of mysterious mysterious spirits. The exact opposition amongst religion and also science is usually based on these two theories. Edward Burnett Tylor was the initial scholar to give the idea of the exact successive complication of the non secular views. This individual also was the first to set forward the idea that the first type of religion was animism. You may use some pro essay publishing services to post an composition about these two theories.
It happens to be so interesting how many lifestyle one can find worldwide. Each countryside has it’s customs. They are things that allow it to be unique.
Day in the Dead is actually a special vacation. Although it is not an enormous festival, some people say that this can be a globe function. People dignity the recollection of their loved ones or near people that passed on . This specific festival has interesting historical past, traditions, along with facts.
As a result, we have started off Day in the Dead Article . Should you will get discontented with your newspaper, apply to the cheap homework writing expert services.
The repast itself is definitely an interesting combination living and dead, modern-day and historical. Day of your dead is highly significant moment for people throughout Mexico . It is a celebration of daily life. A lso, it can be a time to praise family essay writing website to order from members plus loved ones diagnosed with passed having drink and food solutions .
What’s unusual concerning Mexico is it has not one but two important parts of culture: family and food . For these reasons, the true secret of the festivity is meals. Corn, delicious chocolate, coffee, salt, and liquor play important role around celebrating this time.
People helpful to prepare products for their dogs as well. You’ll find nothing is surprising relating to this.
The emblematic detail belonging to the holiday is certainly sweet, sugary, soft bakery. The formula is simple. Each and every baker includes his own inspired interpretation in the bread.
This unique Mexican bakery of expended is always emblazoned with surpassed bones on the top. The bone fragments represent the exact disappeared your spouse and children. People believe that the heart of the deceased relative will probably eat typically the spiritual substance of the breadstuff.
Hot cocoa is one even more basic part of Day belonging to the dead. Consumers add salt like chili sauce to regain it hot.
The exact cloth that people wear at that day varies really. As a rule, they put on amazing clothing in addition to color confronts in different glowing hues. A friend or relative can identify that many women consider national gowns. Both men and women employ different involving national textile on Day of the expended. Usually one may notice adult men in mitra and women utilizing umbrellas.
Although it is Day time of the inactive, people attempt to wear dazzling costumes. Besides white plus black are traditional chemicals of the repast. Pink, glowing blue, yellow, reddish, and earth-friendly are the preferred colors on this subject holiday.
In some cases a tradition can be so powerful the fact that influences several other countries. For example , Halloween now could be celebrated practically in countries in the world, though there are Celtic plant’s roots.
People say different things in regards to this festival. This specific holiday is very popular all over the world. One can find a large number of00 followers and also enemies on this day. Before we have said that to you it is a combination good and bad, dim and light, paganism and religious beliefs. This has a proper basic for contradictions in attitudes.
Day from the dead features its analogues all around the world. Around European countries people today do dignity dead loved ones but in several way. On Mexico this holiday is amazingly bright during Europe consumers used to memorialize it with ease and gently.
Each culture has the very same tradition. Its unbelievable just how people accept things. The way of how individuals celebrate fairs and breaks reflects the inside state belonging to the nation. Morning of the deceased is a tiny part of visitors’ traditions. Hopefully that now you might have an idea everything that this day is approximately.
Intriguing Facts about your day of the Dead
We have already composed much regarding the feast, although there are stuffs that we have possibly not mentioned.
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1 . The very festival includes a deeply history . It commenced 3000 in years past. Experts claim that the Day belonging to the Dead was basically celebrated that kicks off in august. People concentrated the whole thirty day period to this holiday.
2 . The majority think that the actual celebration occurs on one day time . This is a huge slip-up. Even though the happening opens about the 2 for November, that starts a single day earlier. So , the food lasts 2 days.
3. So far as we know how the Day with the dead is celebrated at the time of two days, let’s figure out how come it happens. The very first day is dedicated to children . They are privileged on the primary day. Another day is usually devoted to adults .
check out. In Catholicism there is a festivity which is called Many Saints’ Day . What on earth is funny is both repas are commemorated at the same time.
5. Individuals that celebrate a new day of the inactive believe that soul lives forever ; the particular spirit about dead persons move within visible and even invisible oceans without obstacle. For these reasons, people honor holiday. People believe will see the very spirit of their total beloved varieties.
6. The very traditions within the feast are different greatly amid towns in addition to regions . Nowadays more common way of bash is the mixture of traditional features and Catholic features.
Also, it is a prevalent thing in virtually all countries. Almost any feast is normally blended through religion practices.
7. The chief part of the Moment of inactive is putting of an predella . In this way, people display that they keep in mind their kinfolk that have passed on. An integral parts of the ceremony are significance of characteristics: earth that could be represented by just flowers, fireplace in the form of wax lights, water, as well as wind.
eight. For adoring deceased, people today decorate ceremony with marigolds . It doesn’t matter what significant as well as symbolic given that yellow tone means intend and lifetime. Also, individuals believe that marigolds guide the strong alcohol to the altars.
9. A lot of vigil all participants beautify the tombs of died people. Subsequently at the burial area people eat food plus dance to music.
diez. One can look at many skulls made of sugary snacks during the day in the dead. This is an old habit. It signifies not only passing away but also resurrection. People hook them up to the altar side as a present. They also deliver preferred foodstuff of expended people. It might be anything: candies, fruits, or simply bread.
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Thanks to a reader’s comment we were made aware of an article that says its an official US Air Force medical study that indicates silver nanoparticles can cure Ebola. This article is a PDF and looks very official. Yet it has a strange name for the agency.
711th Human Performance Wing
Air Force Research Laboratory, and US Government’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DFRA, Defense Department)
That sounds strange, so we checked it out.
Applied Biotechnology Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory (711 HPW/RHPB), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (AFB), Area B, R ST, Bldg 837, Dayton, OH 45433-5707, USA Its Real!
And here is a government link to a study by them about Silver Nanoparticles: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3211222/#__ffn_sectitle Here is part of the article:
Nanomaterials are being incorporated into many biological applications for use as therapeutics, sensors, or labels. Silver nanomaterials are being utilized for biological implants and wound dressings as an antiviral material, whereas gold nanomaterials are being used as biological labels or sensors due to their surface properties and biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity data of these materials are becoming more prevalent; however, little research has been performed to understand how the introduction of these materials into cells affects cellular processes. Here, we demonstrate the impact that silver and gold nanoparticles have on cathepsin activity in vitro. Cathepsins are important cellular proteases that are imperative for proper immune system function.
Janice L Speshock is one of the same persons on the suspect Ebola cure PDF making the rounds on the internet. The link is on a silver site, not a government site: http://www.thesilveredge.com/pdf/defense-threat-reduction-agency-silver-nanoparticles-neutralize-hemorrhagic-fever-viruses.pdf
Novel Nanotechnology-Based Antiviral Agents: Janice Speshock, Ph.D. Saber Hussain, Ph.D.
Applied Biotechnology Branch
711th Human Performance Wing
Air Force Research Laboratory
Silver nanoparticle neutralization of hemorrhagic fever viruses
Bulk and Nano Silver have been shown to inhibit enzyme activity.
• Silver binds readily to thiol groups.
• Cathepsin B has been shown to have an essential role in Ebola virus replication.
• Cathepsin L has an accessory role in Ebola virus replication.
And this PDF on the silver site has the official seal and pictures of the doctors, etc. But does this same “study” exist on any government site? The other studies by the same doctor and organization do exist on government websites. That should not be hard to find out. Lets take “Cathepsin B has been shown to have an essential role in Ebola virus replication” and search Google for it and the word “.gov”
We find the suspect article on the silver website, and we do NOT find it on a government site. However on a government site we find a study that says the opposite!
Ebola virus (EBOV), family Filoviridae, emerged in 1976 on the African continent. Since then it caused several outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans with case fatality rates up to 90% and remains a serious Public Health concern and biothreat pathogen. The most pathogenic and best-studied species is Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV). EBOV encodes one viral surface glycoprotein (GP), which is essential for replication, a determinant of pathogenicity and an important immunogen. —
This indicates that a real report was copied and altered to create a hoax, that the supposed Air Force study that supposedly says silver nanoparticles cure Ebola, is a fabrication.
But There is more! A University of Michigan website accepts the Ebola cure article as real:
And it even puts in a link to the same suspect PDF study on another website: http://drrimatruthreports.com/wp-content/uploads/Analysis-of-DTRA-Nano-Silver-Study.pdf
Wow what a mystery! This is a life and death issue and no where is there a link we can find to supposed government study that is actually on a government site. Yet we can find many articles by the same authors and for the same agency on government sites.
Why has only AUN-TV noticed this?
Lets give the benefit of the doubt that the silver/Ebola article is real and the US government is trying to suppress it for whatever their motives.
How did the silver websites ever find it?
Why are they not claiming it has been censored by the government and used to be at web address so and so?
Such things have been done. Snopes and other sites ridiculed anyone that doubted that Barack Obama had been born at Queens Hospital in Honolulu by Dr. Rodney Strong, and the Obama White House went along with that. Then it ended up that Dr. Strong completely retired years before Obama’s birth. So Snopes quietly scrubbed that from their website. Then Obama released his suspect birth certificate that said he was born at the other Honolulu hospital, Kapi’olani Medical Center for Women and Children. So now Snopes ridicules anyone that does not believe Obama was born at a different hospital and by a different doctor (Dr. David Sinclair) than the ones Snopes confidently told us was the case in the past. There are copies of those original addresses and webpages, you can see them here: http://www.wnd.com/2011/05/295265/#VkyEPpsG2f4rrv6u.99 This past event makes all Snopes articles suspect.
No such claims are being made about this silver/Ebola study. There is no dead link to government site, no paper trial to a government source, no copy of an old webpage. If someone can find evidence this silver/Ebola study has ever come from the source it claims to be from, please post it here in comments. Also of note is the claim it is “declassified”. There is no reason for it to ever be classified and the rest of similar reports by same people were never classified. Note another name for silver nanoparticles is colloidal silver. There could be a financial incentive operating here, to sell colloidal silver by touting this suspect article.
The majority of the evidence indicates this is an elaborate hoax. We hope that is not the case, please post any evidence to the contrary in the Comments box below.
Update 10-22-2014: The suspected article is not listed as a publication of JL Speshock. Below is her list on her webpage. AUN-TV will contact her about this matter and update our readers.
- Speshock, JL, LK Braydich-Stolle, ER Szymanski, and SM Hussain. “Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Alter Cathepsin Activity In vitro.” Nanoscale Research Letters, 6:17, 2011.
- Speshock, JL, RC Murdock, LK Braydich-Stolle, AM Schrand, and SM Hussain. “Interaction of silver nanoparticles with tacaribe virus.” J. of Nanobiotechnology, 8:19, 2010.
- Braydich-Stolle LK, JL Speshock, A Castle, M Smith, and S Hussain. “Nano-sized Aluminum Suppressed Immune Function.” ACS Nano, 4(7): 3661-3670, 2010.
- Rogers, JV, CV Parkinson, YW Choi, JL Speshock, and SM Hussain. “A preliminary assessment of silver-containing nanoparticles inhibiting monkeypox virus plaque formation in vitro. Nanoscale Research Letters, 3: 129-133, 2008.
- Speshock, JL, N Doyon-Reale, R Rabah, MN Neely, and PC Roberts. “Filamentous influenza A virus infection predisposes mice to fatal septicemia following superinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotype 3). Infection and Immunity, 75: 3102-3111, 2007.


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RI Department of Environmental Management
MOSQUITOES TESTED IN RHODE ISLAND SHOW NO SIGNS OF WEST NILE VIRUS
In New York State, Preliminary Tests Detect the Virus For First Time This Year in Mosquitoes
PROVIDENCE - The Department of Environmental Management has announced that test results from all 59 pools of mosquitoes recovered from 26 traps on July 5 are all negative. The mosquitoes were tested at the University of Rhode Island for West Nile Virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and Highland J virus.
Weekly trapping began on May 30 and will continue until the first hard frost in the fall. Test results from mosquitoes collected from traps on July 13 will be available later this week.
While there is no indication of West Nile Virus or EEE in Rhode Island, the New York State Department of Health announced late yesterday that preliminary tests on mosquitoes collected in Westchester and Suffolk Counties during the second week in July were positive for West Nile Virus, the first positive results detected in mosquitoes this year. Westchester County is just north of New York City; Suffolk County comprises Long Island.
DEM and the Rhode Island Department of Health have developed a statewide action plan to deal with the possibility that mosquitoes carrying West Nile Virus could become present in Rhode Island this year. The main carrier of West Nile Virus is the common house mosquito. Rhode Island's West Nile Virus action plan stresses preventive measures that include elimination of mosquito breeding areas and early application of larvicide, surveillance, and educating the public about steps they can take to reduce mosquito populations around their homes and yards and ways to avoid mosquito bites. The plan builds on the state's continuing efforts to address EEE, another mosquito-borne disease.
Steps Rhode Islanders can take to reduce mosquito populations around their homes and yard include clearing yards of things that collect standing water, such as buckets, old tires, junk, and debris; changing birdbath water frequently; keeping gutters clean so rainwater can freely drain; and eliminating water that collects in boats and unused swimming pools.
Steps they can take to reduce mosquito bites include: repairing and using screens on windows and doors, covering up when outdoors at dawn and dusk, limiting children's outdoor play at sundown when mosquito activity is at its peak, using protective netting over playpens and carriages, and using insect repellents containing not more than 30 percent DEET. Do not use repellents containing DEET on infants, and avoid getting repellent in children's eyes.
For questions about West Nile Virus and health issues, please call the Department of Health's Family Health information line at 1-800-942-7434. The mosquito abatement program has information on a website: www.uri.edu/research/eee There is also a DEM webpage with rabies contacts information. Information on West Nile Virus is also available on the HEALTH website at http://www.healthri.org/disease/communicable/wnv/home.htm, or on DEM's website at www.dem.ri.gov/programs/bnatres/agricult/mosquito.php.
For more information on the New York situation, go to the New York State Department of Health website at: www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/commish/2000/westnile4.htm


- Microsubmarines could pick up and move droplets of oil away from contaminated waters.
- The devices are about 10 times thinner than a human hair.
Scientists say they have built a self-propelled "microsubmarine" that can scoop up oil from contaminated waters and take the droplets to a collection facility.
While environmental engineers have used bacterial dispersant to break down oil spills for decades and are developing genetically modified organisms to "eat" oil, this would be the first controllable spill-buster.
"These are autonomous self-propelled motors," said Joseph Wang, distinguished professor of nano-engineering at the University of California, San Diego. "You can guide them back and forth to remove oil. It's the first example of using nano-machines for environmental remediation and has opened the door to a new direction."
The study by Wang and Maria Guix of the Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology in Barcelona appears in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano. The project piggybacks off earlier experiments in the past few years in Wang's lab to build self-propelled devices to do DNA sampling and attack cancer cells in blood serum.
The new micro-subs have a special surface coating, which makes them "super-hydrophobic," or extremely water-repellent and oil-absorbent. This new coating was applied to one of the existing micro-devices that Wang's lab had already developed.
"It's like a big sub with a special coating," Wang said.
The cone-shaped subs are 10 times smaller than the width of a human hair, use chemicals for fuel, and in the experiments, collected droplets of olive oil and motor oil and transported them to another area. If successful, Wang says the micro-subs could be used to clean up massive oil spills, without harming marine or coastal habitats.
The ultimate use for these devices could be found the 1966 sci-fi film 'Fantastic Voyage' in which a team of scientists (including Raquel Welch and Donald Pleasance) were put into a sub-like craft, shrunk and then injected into the human body to save a diplomat's life, according to Thomas Mallouk, director of the Center for Solar Nanomaterials at Pennsylvania State University.
"I saw it recently," Mallouk said about the ground-breaking, yet now-dated film. "It's a conceptually interesting idea for a minimally invasive device. That's one of the engineering applications we would like to ultimately be able to do."
Mallouk said Wang's lab has been a leader in identifying applications for the tiny micro-machines like the oil-grabbing sub.
Despite his successes, Wang said the project is still in the early stages and won't be ready to launch if there's another Deepwater Horizon spill anytime soon.
"It's not something that is ready to use yet," Wang said. "Now we have to address some practical challenges."


Car manufacturers keep developing and testing technologies that are designed to help make driving safer. Anti-lock brakes are an example; warning systems that let drivers know they are getting to close to a vehicle ahead are another. Within the last couple of months, Ford Motor Company said it was going to make lane-keeping technology available as an option in the Ford Fusion and Ford Explorer 2013 models. With any technology, when it works correctly, it’s wonderful. But a recent story in the New York Times questions whether lane-keeping technology is ready to perform consistently to help drivers on the road in real conditions.
The Times explains how Ford’s lane-keeping technology works: A camera sits on the rear-view mirror. When the technology is turned on and the car is going faster than 40 miles per hour, the system detects lane markings on the road to determine if the car is approaching one lane edge or the other. If the driver does not have the turn signal on, the system thinks the driver is drifting. The system then causes the steering wheel to vibrate to warn the driver. If the driver doesn’t straighten up in the lane, the system is programmed to use the power steering to center the car back within the lane.
Where do problems arise? If conditions aren’t right for the camera, the system may not receive the information it needs. For example, the markings for lanes on a certain piece of road could be faded or not clear. The camera could also have difficulties seeing in low light, such as when the sun in low in the sky, or the scene is dark with heavy rain clouds. Curves in the road could also present challenges for the camera as it tries to detect lane markings. If the camera can’t detect lane markings, the lane-warning system does not engage.
According to the Times’ story, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration does not believe the technology is ready for the agency to be able to recommend it to the public, saying that more evaluation and research is required about these systems.
Toyota, Lexus and Mercedes have similar technologies to assist drivers when a vehicle starts to drift, and drivers in Europe have had access to these types of vehicles. Manufacturers’ concerns about introducing lane-centering technology have arisen from the awareness that technology can’t be 100 percent reliable and drivers should not rely only on these systems. Drivers can do what technology—so far—can’t: that is make judgments based on context. As the Times’ story pointed out, what separates human judgment from the judgment the technology can make is that a human can infer what it means when a ball rolls into the street. An equally excellent point the writer of the Times’ story makes is that while the technology may not be perfect, and Ford’s lane-keeping system’s camera might not see everything, it’s not going to be distracted because it’s looking at email.
Technological innovations that assist drivers are wonderful, but drivers should not abdicate responsibility for driving and rely solely on warning systems to tell them when their driving is going awry.
If you are in an accident, you need support. AA-Accident Attorneys provides their clients the expert legal help to win results. You can feel confident that the car accident lawyer who represents you knows your concerns, and the issues you face with crowded roads, freeways, and highways that can lead to automobile accidents, motorcycle accidents, bus accidents, and truck accidents. The Los Angeles car accident lawyer knows these issues from the inside and out—as a legal professional and as a citizen who shares the road and lives in the communities.
AA-Accident Attorneys serves clients in many locations across the United States, and has a car accident lawyer to represent you in San Diego, Riverside, San Bernardino, Orange County, San Fernando Valley, Ontario, Newport Beach, Los Angeles, Fresno, San Jose, San Francisco, Sacramento, and Las Vegas.


Georgia Tech Launches Early Warning System for Cyberthreats
Georgia Institute of Technology's applied research arm has launched an early warning system to help organizations prepare for possible cyberattacks.
The Blackforest system collects information from hacker forums and other sites where malware developers post new code to advertise its availability and ask questions or seek feedback from other code writers.
Other discussions BlackForest can tap into include planning of distributed denial-of-service attacks, advice given on network break-ins and the posting of stolen digital assets, such as payment card data and login credentials.
By collecting the information and relating it to past activities, the system can help organizations understand the nature of the threat and whether it's building toward a possible attack.
For attacks that have already taken place, BlackForest can help identify the source, so organizations can track and prepare for future developments.
All the information is stored in a graph database, which is a storage system in which every element contains a direct pointer to its adjacent elements. Index lookups found in other types of databases is not necessary in a graph data store.
According to Bryan Massey, associate head of GTRI's Threat Intelligence Branch, since no technology can predict the future, BlackForrest won't be able to say for sure whether or when an attack will occur.
"It's not going to necessarily predict an attack," Massey said. "It's going to alert you to the fact that things are happening more quickly and could potentially be a threat in the future."
Read more: www.csoonline.com


When our son was an infant, I remember diligently storing his immunization schedule card in the file cabinet, and having it ready for the nurse whenever he received his next scheduled round of shots. As a teacher, I send home immunization informational flyers from our school nurse, and on occasion, help new families understand public school requirements regarding immunizations. Most recently, as a mother of a matriculating college freshman, I was reminded that the immunization schedule for our children continues through 18 years of age.
At the end of this article, I will include a link to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) recommended immunization schedule—an important reminder on a lengthy sequence of childhood medicines. Right now, I will focus on two of the more recent vaccines that were added to the schedule: the meningitis vaccine (MCV4) and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
Meningitis, or inflammation of the brain and spinal cord tissues, is caused by either bacterial or viral infections. It is airborne contagious and can be misdiagnosed since early symptoms resemble the flu. The attending doctor will perform a spinal tap to get a spinal fluid sample. The fluid is tested for signs of inflammation and to determine if the infection is viral or bacterial. Complications from this illness include neurological damage that can affect hearing or vision. As a college kid, moving into the dorm this summer, our Patrick will receive a meningitis vaccine. Pat hasn’t had this vaccine, and since he is otherwise healthy, one dose is considered enough to protect him in case there is an outbreak in his dorm. Currently, it is recommended that healthy 11-year-olds receive the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (MCV4.) If your student is older and hasn’t received MCV4, your doctor may advise it, if he or she be living in a dorm type setting, like at college or summer camp.
In 2007, the genital human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was introduced to combat the transmission of this sexually transmitted virus that can lead to cervical cancer or genital warts.


New research suggests that millions of cases of Alzheimer's disease could be prevented by curbing risk factors such as lack of exercise, high blood pressure, smoking and obesity.
U.S. researchers developed a mathematical model based on seven conditions or behaviors that account for up to half the 35 million cases of Alzheimer's around the world.
They found that globally, improving education would help the most to prevent future cases of dementia. Illiteracy keeps brains from developing as much as they should, so people have less mental reserve later in life. In the United States, sedentary lifestyles and depression would have the biggest prevention impact.
The study was discussed Tuesday at an Alzheimer's conference in France.
Copyright 2016 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.