The UN General Assembly is holding a special session on HIV/AIDS from May 31st to June 2nd and plans to review progress made in fighting the pandemic. Besides government and health officials, many NGOs have been invited to attend by their governments. But the Mbeki administration did not invite two of the most prominent and outspoken AIDS activist groups in South Africa, thus blocking them from attending.
The Treatment Action Campaign and the AIDS Law Project have been at the forefront of the legal battles to bring anti-retroviral drugs to South Africa. Mark Heywood is with the AIDS Law Project. From Johannesburg, he spoke to English to Africa reporter Joe De Capua about not being invited to the UN session in New York.
“The AIDS Law project and the TAC were both shocked to have been blocked by the South African government from attending the UN special session on AIDS. As we’ve said, we consider it really to be an act of intolerance, but also anti-democratic. Because the reason the government has objected to our participation is because they do not like what we have to say in our criticism of what we believe [are] the South African government’s failures to contain the HIV epidemic and to extend treatment to people with AIDS. We’re very, very unhappy about it and we’ve made our unhappiness known to our government. We have made it known to the United Nations and indeed around the world.”
Heywood admits that the TAC and ALP have frequently butted heads with the Mbeki administration over AIDS policies. “Yes, it is safe to say. I mean the TAC has been in major conflicts with the government over its policy on treatment of people with HIV, over the issue of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. And the AIDS Law Project has been closely associated with those criticisms.”
Heywood says it is not the intent of the groups to vilify President Mbeki or the minister of health. The groups have requested that the government reverse its decision and they have the support of hundreds of civil society and faith-based groups.


Common Cause has filed its opposition to the Senate’s motion to dismiss its lawsuit seeking to have the filibuster declared unconstitutional. Its brief clearly demonstrates that there is no persuasive answer, and in some cases no answer at all, to the problems identified in my earlier post on this subject. A few observations should suffice.
The nature of the alleged injury. Common Cause claims that the plaintiffs were injured by the use of the filibuster to block specific bills, namely the DISCLOSE and DREAM Acts. Yet it says that it is irrelevant whether these bills would have become law in the absence of the filibuster. Brief at 3 (“the plaintiffs need not show that both bills would have been enacted but for the filibuster to have standing.”). Merely showing that a bill benefiting them might have passed but for the filibuster demonstrates a procedural injury, it argues, and there is no need to show an actual substantive injury.
By so lowering the bar, Common Cause would create a class of standing considerably broader than taxpayer standing (which the courts have rejected). Surely every person in the United States, if not the world, can claim that they would have benefitted from a law that might have passed but for the filibuster.
At the same time, Common Cause continues to rely on the claim that the two laws in question would have been enacted but for the filibuster. Brief at 42 (DREAM Act “would have been enacted into law, but for the use of Rule XXII”); 43 (“The DREAM and DISCLOSE Acts would have been enacted but for the defendants’ use of Rule XXII.”). It thus seeks to have it both ways—to claim a substantive injury for purposes of distinguishing the plaintiffs from the world at large, while relieving itself of the burden of proving such an injury.
Continue reading “Common Cause’s Opposition to the Motion to Dismiss”


Authority under this subchapter to enter into contracts or to make payments shall be effective in any fiscal year only to the extent provided in advance in an appropriations Act, except as provided under section 80r-9(b) of this title.
Terms Used In 20 USC 80r-7
- Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.


October 28, 1997
CAROLYN MENSAH, PETITIONER
SCOTT HESSON, M.D., HAHNEMAN HOSPITAL, SUNDAY CHOICE, JEANETTE BOYER, 3M CORP., RESPONDENTS
Original Opinion of May 29, 1997,
Petition for Allowance of Appeal from the Superior Court.
AND NOW, this 28th day of October, 1997, the Petition for Allowance of Appeal is denied.
© 1998 VersusLaw Inc.


The Paraguayan sports betting company Aposta.la has denied in a public statement any relationship with illegal activities following accusations arising from a confidential report from the Secretariat on Prevention of Money Laundering (Seprelad), which was shared by local media.
Seprelad’s report was sent to the Public Ministry and later shared by local outlet La Nación. It claims that only 6% of Aposta.la’s operations go through the banking system. Additionally, in a one-year period between August 2018 and 2019, 241 prizes worth over $3.7m were awarded to just 80 people.
“Several people don’t have the justified solvency to place millionaire bets and win repeatedly,” highlights the Seprelad report, which will investigate whether the bookmaker is a front business to launder money for Marco Trovato, owner of Daruma Sam, the parent company of Aposta.la.
“We strongly deny the claims that both Aposta.la and its partners are linked to any illicit activity,” the company said.
“We reaffirm the constant and timely compliance with the different regulations around sports betting by Aposta.la and its partners. From their first days in the industry they have faithfully complied with them,” Daruma Sam added.
Furthermore, the bookmaker said that it is available to the corresponding authorities “in order to cooperate and clarify the situation currently installed in the local media”.
Back in September 2020, Trovato received a sanction from FIFA, which suspended the executive for life due to match fixing problems and lack of cooperation.
The decision to ban Trovato is related to a series of matches that took place between 2018 and 2019, when he was president of the Paraguayan football team Olimpia. At the time, he argued that it was “a political trial where no evidence that was presented or the appeals were taken into account”.


KALYANI: A PhD scholar of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata was found dead in a research, laboratory under mysterious circumstances on Monday afternoon. The body was taken by Haringhata police for autopsy, as the IISER campus is at Haringhata in Nadia. The scholar was a resident of Dum Dum in North 24 Parganas.
His mother was informed who rushed to the IISER campus, but she was too shocked to speak. Police have started an unnatural death case. A police officer said only after the autopsy can the cause of death be ascertained. Teachers at IISER said the youth was found dead in the laboratory around 2.30pm.


Shnitzer v. Chief Military Censor
[This abstract is not part of the Court's opinion and is provided for the reader's convenience. It has been translated from a Hebrew version prepared by Nevo Press Ltd. and is used with its kind permission.]
This petition concerns the decision by the First Respondent to prohibit, under its authority according to Regulation 87(1) of the Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) 1945, the publication of a newspaper article criticizing the functioning of the Director of the Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (the “Mossad”,) while noting the upcoming change in Mossad directors. After submitting to the First Respondent different versions of the article and after the Petitioners withdrew several portions of it, excerpts discussing two matters were prohibited for publication: the first topic was criticism of the Director of the Mossad and questioning his efficiency. In the First Respondent’s opinion, such criticism may compromise the functionality of the entire Mossad, on all levels of its ranks. The other topic concerns the timing of the change of directors while emphasizing the public importance of the Mossad Director’s role. The First Respondent’s position is that such publication may focus attention onto the Director of the Mossad, which creates real danger to his safety. The Petitioners maintain that the excerpts of criticism in regards to the Director of the Mossad and the timing of changing the director are worthy of publication and that their prohibition is unlawful. The Petitioners rely on the importance of freedom of expression and the public’s right to know in a democracy, and in their view the publication does not create a near certainty for harm to state security that justifies limits to free expression.
The High Court of Justice ruled:
A. 1. The Interpretation that must be given to the Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) in the State of Israel is not identical to the interpretation that must be given to them at the time of the British Mandate. The Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) are currently part of the laws of the democratic state, and they must be interpreted in light of the fundamental principles of the Israeli legal system.
2. The Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) concern state security. This fact impacts the way the system’s fundamental principles are implemented but it does not impact the mere application of these fundamental principles. The state security and the public order do not outweigh or negate the application of fundamental principles. They are weaved into them, influencing their shape and content, and are balanced against them.
3. The fundamental principles that shape the interpretation of the Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) are, first and foremost, considerations of security, which cover the entire scope of the Regulations. Realizing the interests in state security, public safety and public order are at the basis of the purpose for which the Regulations were enacted and they must be interpreted according to this purpose.
4. Alongside the security considerations (in their broad sense) stand additional values that any piece of legislation in a democratic society must be interpreted in their light and which are implicated by the Defense Regulations (State of Emergency).
B. 1. It may so happen that fundamental principles conflict with each other. The principles in terms of state security, public safety and public order may conflict with values such as the freedom of movement, free expression, and human dignity. In each of these cases the Court must balance between the conflicting values.
2. The “balancing formula” in the conflict between state security and free expression presupposes realizing the values of state security.
3. Because of the centrality of the fundamental value of free speech the infringement of this fundamental value must be as limited as possible, and only when the infringement of free speech is essential in order to realize the value of state security is this infringement permitted.
4. The likelihood that justifies limits on free expression is that of a “near certainty.” There must be extreme circumstances that create a real and almost certain danger to the safety of the general public.
5. This likelihood does not exist where other means – aside from limiting personal liberty and aside from limiting free expression – may be employed in order to reduce the danger. Infringing free expression need not be the first resort; it must be the last resort.
C. 1. Subjective discretion must be applied within the contours of the authorizing statute. Therefore those who were empowered under the Defense Regulations (State of Emergency) may apply this authority in order to realize the purposes behind the Regulations rather than realizing irrelevant purposes.
2. Any governmental authority is based on conditions and requirements as to its implementation, and lawful implementation of the authority requires that such conditions be actually realized. Therefore, to the extent that the correct interpretation of Regulation 87 of the Defense Regulations (state of Emergency) is that a publication in a newspaper may be prohibited only if the Censor believes there is near certainty that the publication would cause real harm to security, then the Censor’s must give thought to the existence of such near certainty. Should the Censor prohibit a publication without being persuaded that the publication creates the required near certainty it did not exercise its discretion lawfully.
3. Discretion assumes freedom to select between lawful options. Subjective discretion assumes that the competent authority makes the choice between the options according to an evaluation of each option’s benefits. This evaluation must be made according to the rules of administrative law: in good faith, without arbitrariness or discrimination, and following consideration of all relevant factors and only relevant factors.
4. The Censor’s decision must be reasonable, that is that any reasonable Censor would reach such decision under the circumstances. The question in each case is whether a reasonable military Censor may reach the conclusion that, on the basis of a given set of facts, there is near certainty that the publication would cause a severe or real harm to state security.
5. The determination that were the publication not prohibited there would be near certainty for real harm to state security must be based on clear, unequivocal and convincing evidence.
D. 1. There is no basis to the approach that the subjectivity of the administrative discretion restricts judicial review to only a limited number of grounds for review. The proper approach is that the theory of discretion establishes the conditions for the lawfulness of the use of discretion and the theory of adjudication establishes that the court is authorized to examine the existence of such conditions.
2. The principle of separation of powers requires the court to review the lawfulness of the administrative entities’ decisions. Security factors hold no unique status in this sense. Just as the courts are able and obligated to examine the reasonability of professional discretion in each and every area, so they are able and obligated to examine the reasonability of discretion in terms of security. There are no unique restrictions on the scope of judicial review over administrative discretion that concerns state security.
3. Under the circumstances here, once the First Respondent gave reasons for its decision, these reasons are subject to judicial review, just like any other administrative discretion.
E. 1. The First Respondent’s distinction between criticism of the Director of the Mossad, which he believes compromises state security rendering prohibiting its publication and criticism of the Mossad itself, which must not be prohibited, is unacceptable. Publishing criticism of the functioning of the Director of the Mossad causes no near certainty of real harm to state security.
2. In a democratic society, criticism of people who hold public roles should be possible. Free expression includes the freedom to criticize and the freedom to pose difficult questions to those in government. Discomfort regarding criticism or the harm it may cause cannot justify the silencing of criticism in a democracy, which is founded on the exchange of idea and public discourse.
3. In deciding to prohibit the publication of criticism over the functioning of the Director of the Mossad, the First Respondent did not attribute sufficient weight to the principle of free expression. A free society cannot exist without a free press, therefore the press must be allowed to fulfill its function and only in special and extreme cases, where there is near certainty for real harm to state security, is there place for prohibiting news articles.
4. Under the circumstances here, the First Respondent did not meet the heavy burden of showing that advance restriction of free expression is lawful.
F. 1. The First Respondent’s reasoning to prohibit the Petitioners to publish in an article details as to the timing of the change in the directors of the Mossad does not withstand the test of review. The possibility that publishing the timing of the impending change in the directors of the Mossad increase the risk to the outgoing Director’s safety is merely speculative.
2. There is public importance to the fact that the public is aware of the upcoming appointment. This reflects one of the aspects of the great importance of free expression and the public’s right to know.
3. Under the circumstances here, there position and the estimations of the First Respondent are unreasonable. In its approach, the Court does not appoint itself super-censor, but it finds that a reasonable censor, operating in a democracy and required to balance security against free expression, would not reach the conclusion reached by the First Respondent.
|Barak, Aharon||Primary Author||majority opinion|
|Melitz, Yaakov||majority opinion|
|Wallenstein, Shulamit||majority opinion|


APPEAL FROM THE LAKE SUPERIOR COURT, The Honorable Richard W. Maroc, Judge, Cause Number 1CR-201-1184-834.
Shepard, C.j., DeBRULER, Givan, Pivarnik and Dickson, JJ., Concur.
Following a trial by jury, appellant Rafael Melendez was convicted of murder, Ind. Code § 35-42-1-1 (Burns 1984 Supp.). The court sentenced him to forty years in prison. He raises three issues on direct appeal:
1) Whether the trial court erred in admitting two photographs of the victim which showed incisions and sutures made in an attempt to save the victim's life;
2) Whether the trial court erred in instructing the jury on voluntary intoxication, and
3) Whether the evidence was sufficient to prove that Melendez intended to kill the victim.
The evidence showed that Melendez and Jorge Villanueva went to Frank Pilipow's home several times on November 18, 1984. Melendez and Pilipow drank together during these visits. During the last visit, Melendez picked up a stick as he and Villanueva entered Pilipow's apartment. Fearing trouble, Villanueva left. Pilipow's sister, Josephine Minchuk, lived in an apartment two floors above Pilipow. She visited her brother regularly. When she went downstairs on that afternoon, she saw her brother lying on the floor bleeding from wounds to his head and back. A man in a brown coat was standing over the victim. Seeing Minchuk on the stairs, the man ran out another door.
After arriving at the home of Ramon Vera, Melendez told Vera and Villanueva that he had stabbed Pilipow about five or six times and killed him. Police arrived and arrested Melendez at Vera's apartment, where they recovered two knives. One knife belonged to Melendez and was found under a stereo where he had thrown it. The other matched a set of knives found in the victim's apartment; it was discovered in appellant's pocket.
Melendez gave a statement describing a fight he had had with the victim. He said that Pilipow shoved him, and that he had started to knock Pilipow back. He could remember nothing thereafter, until he saw the victim lying on the floor and Minchuk entering the apartment.
Melendez alleges error in the admission of two photographs depicting the victim's body after doctors had performed surgery and sutured wounds in an attempt to save the victim's life. He argues that the photographs were improperly admitted because they depicted both those wounds caused by physicians and those wounds caused by the murder weapon. Melendez contends that, without further explanation, the jury could be confused about which wounds were allegedly inflicted by him.
Admission of photographs is within the discretion of the trial court; its decision will not be overturned absent a showing of clear error. Fine v. State (1986), Ind., 490 N.E.2d 305, 307. Photographs which show the victim in a natural state following death generally are relevant and admissible. Loy v. State (1982), Ind., 436 N.E.2d 1125, 1128. Photographs which show the victim's body altered by attempts at resuscitation have been held admissible when accompanied by testimony which differentiates wounds caused by physicians from those attributed to the defendant. Romine v. State (1983), Ind., 455 N.E.2d 911, 916 (pathologist identified those wounds caused by physicians and those caused by murder weapon); Simpson v. State (1978), 269 Ind. 495, 503, 381 N.E.2d 1229, 1234 (both operating surgeon and pathologist indicated which marks were surgical and which were caused by shotgun blast).
In this case, the victim was not photographed at the scene of the crime. Emergency personnel were involved in an urgent attempt to save his life. The only photographic evidence available to show the nature and extent of the victim's wounds were those taken after medical treatment had been administered. Melendez argues that these photographs ...


Gunmen have killed an uncle to senator Ishaku Abbo, who recently was criticized for assaulting a woman.
The attackers also abducted Mr Abbo’s nursing stepmother during an attack in his home state of Adamawa on Saturday.
The attack occurred in Muchalla ward in Mubi North Local Government of Adamawa State police and locals said.
The incidence was reported to have occurred at about 1 p.m.
According to a witness cited by Premium Times, the gunmen on arrival, “went straight to senator Ishaku Abbo’s family house and abducted the senator’s nursing stepmother who delivered about 11 days ago.”
The witness further added: “As they made their way with the victim, Abbo’s uncle came out of his room and on sighting the gunmen, raised alarm.
“Immediately, the gunmen opened fire on him leading to his death and they went away with the victim unchallenged. Right now the village is in mourning,” the witness said.
Meanwhile, Sulaiman Nguroje, police spokesman in the state, confirmed the incident saying that police are currently on trail of the attackers.
“Our men from the IG rapid response team, in conjunction with men from anti-kidnapping unit, as well as men from homicide unit, have been deployed in order to rescue (the victim) and arrest the suspects,” he said.


Unorganized Crime: Mob Mussel and the Rogue Priest
Bosnia’s fraudulent, multipurpose holy man, Neapolitan gangsters muscling in on the mollusc business, and the drug dealers dressing up as key workers to dodge lockdown restrictions -- oddities from the past few days, from us at OCCRP’s Daily News team.
Based in and around the city of Naples, the Camorra have many strings to their bow: drug trafficking, racketeering, prostitution, high-profile corruption, counterfeiting, money laundering, and now... shellfish.
Earlier this year, police in Italy’s Campania region announced the arrest of at least a dozen individuals with ties to the criminal syndicate. Not for your run-of-the-mill mafioso dealings, but for illegally harvesting date mussels along the Amalfi coast and around the island of Capri.
According to a recent report by the Guardian, these small molluscs are considered a local delicacy, even an aphrodisiac. Their sale is outlawed in the EU owing to the destruction wrought by harvesting practices: it can apparently take underwater ecosystems more than 50 years to recover from the damage.
As a result, a single kilogram of the prized shellfish can fetch up to 200 euros (US$245) on the thriving local black market. Their rarity and high price has clearly piqued the interest of the region’s most notorious criminal operators, who are allegedly purchasing the molluscs from poachers to serve as a symbol of status at gatherings and celebrations, especially Christmas.
Meanwhile in the U.K., prosecutors on Monday announced the conviction of several members of an organized crime group who had posed as essential workers in order to deal drugs during the recent lockdown.
Following the successful international takedown of messaging service EncroChat -- an encrypted platform that authorities said had been used “exclusively” by criminals -- officers with the National Crime Agency and Met Police in London used hacked messages from the company’s servers to build their case against the group.
One such message read: “Mate, do you have a high vis and stuff for the van? And like builder clothes? We need to look official in times like this.”
The culprits have received a combined sentence of 33 and a half years in prison.
Over in Bosnia, a man has been charged with fraudulently acquiring tens of thousands in convertible marks after variously posing as a Catholic priest, an Orthodox archbishop and a Muslim schoolmaster to perform religious rites for members of the respective religions and denominations.
Though the man has not yet been named, his photo has been shared numerous times on social media, along with accounts of him consecrating waters, holding funeral services and even baptising children.
And finally, prosecutors in Massachusetts have announced the conviction of one of the state’s youngest-ever mayors on charges of corruption.
Jaisel F. Correia II, who at the age of 24 was elected mayor of Fall River in 2016, was found guilty on Saturday of fraudulently acquiring more than $200,000 from investors in an app he’d set up called SnoOwl, designed to help businesses better connect with their customers.
He also extorted bribes from marijuana vendors looking to set up shop in the city, spending the proceeds of his crimes on his political campaign, repaying his student debt, and funding a lavish lifestyle that included the purchase of designer clothing, jewelry, travel and adult entertainment.


All traditional lion dance red envelope products in this store have been copyright registration, and has been registered in the National Copyright Administration.
If there is a release of sale, it is pirated infringement, it will be chased!
|Whether cross-border export exclusive supply source||no|
|Applicable gift-giving relationship||child;Couples;elder;younger generation;friend;Teacher;colleague;Classmate;Husband and wife|
|Applicable holidays||Valentine's Day;Teachers' Day;National Day;Christmas;Mother's Day;Easter;Father's day;Halloween;Women's Day;Spring Festival;New Year's Day;Children's day|
|Is it a gift||Yes, personal gift|
|Occasions for gifts||birthday;Housewarming;graduation;Tourism Memorial;Party party;Full moon;Born dress|
|Use occasion||Spring Festival|
|specification||6 card / 10 card|
|Whether to import||no|
|Whether patent source||no|


The Allahabad High Court has stayed the proceedings pending before a Mathura Court in a case filed by the Shri Krishna Janmbhoomi Trust and other parties who sought to remove the Shahi Masjid Idgah which is allegedly built on the land of Shri Krishna Janam Bhoomi. The order was passed by the Bench of Justice
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Free Lance-Star reporter Robyn Sidersky covers Caroline County government and schools. You can reach her at 540/374-5413 or email@example.com. You can follow coverage on Facebook or Twitter as well.
Lippa responds to comments about student’s death
Caroline County Sheriff Tony Lippa posted an update on the Sheriff’s Office Facebook page Tuesday night in response to the death of a 14-year-old girl in Caroline.
Lippa’s original statement said, in part, “There is no evidence that leads to foul play or bullying as the cause of this young lady’s death.”
His statement was released to the media and posted on the Facebook page. It generated a strong emotional response, including nearly 80 comments.
After 9 p.m. the following was posted:
A message from Sheriff Lippa:
First, I would like to thank everyone for their comments. The death of a child should always stir strong emotions within all of us. As both a parent and a grandparent, I share your concerns about bullying. Please understand that the circumstances surrounding Ciera Moore’s death are still under investigation. However, with regards to the claims of bullying, what we need is actual knowledge, times, persons involved etc.. We cannot build a case on hearsay. Therefore, if you have information of bullying of Ciera Moore or any other student, please call the Caroline County Sheriff’s Office tip line at 804-633-1133.


This appeal involves a challenge to the validity of an ordinance of the City of Clifton establishing minimum floor space requirements for housing units.
The ordinance, as amended in February 1970, provides in pertinent part:
Space use and location requirements.
No person shall occupy or let to another for occupancy any dwelling or dwelling unit for the purpose of living therein, which does not comply with the following requirements:
(a) Every dwelling unit shall contain at least 150 square feet of floor space for each occupant thereof up to a maximum of two occupants
and at least 100 additional square feet of floor space for every additional occupant thereof, the floor space to be calculated on the basis of total habitable area.
Prior to the 1970 amendment the ordinance required 150 square feet for the first occupant and 100 square feet for each additional occupant.
Plaintiff Sente's action was prompted by Clifton's attempt to enforce the ordinance, the effect of which would have been to require him and his family to move from their 4 1/2-room garden apartment. That apartment had 540 square feet of living space. The amended ordinance requires 800 square feet of living space, since it was occupied by plaintiff, his wife, and five children.
In October 1970 the city housing director informed plaintiff that there would be a six-month grace period on enforcement of the ordinance to allow him and others similarly situated to relocate.
The matter came before the trial court on motion and cross-motion for summary judgment. Plaintiff's counsel represented to the court that plaintiff, who was superintendent of the garden apartment complex in which his apartment was located, received his quarters rent-free in addition to his monthly wages, and that if he was obliged to move he would undoubtedly lose his job as superintendent. He also represented that plaintiff's wife suffered from an unspecified emotional problem, which, upon a doctor's recommendation, required that he be with her as much as possible. He acknowledged that plaintiff's five children shared the two bedrooms of the apartment and that the parents slept on a sofa-bed in the living room. He also conceded on oral argument that "Mrs. Sente realizes right now that her apartment is not adequate for her and her five children."
The court had before it an affidavit of defendants' expert affirming the existence of a correlation between a minimum dwelling space requirement and health, and also affirming the reasonableness of the particular minimum space requirements ...


Granting of licences, Workforce Training, Expert Advice on Cannabis growing, and much more; The new law in Washington State not only grants licenses to applicants who have prior convictions for crimes related to cannabis, but it will also provide grant funding and give them the training to start a cannabis-growing business.
Adding $2 Billion to State Economy
It is boom time for the marijuana industry in Washington State. It adds two billion dollars to the Washington state economy and generates half a billion dollars for drug-related health, education, and enforcement programs. But the laws regarding growing weed do not seem to be fair to everyone.
"We have seen the significant disparity in terms of convictions and sentencing, particularly for people of color, for drug-related crimes," White said. "This [bill] makes sure the people who are most impacted by the failed war on drugs, and the significant disparities we see in our criminal justice system, aren't completely left out of what is now a multibillion-dollar industry in this country."
Majority Marijuana Business Owners Identified as Non-Minorities!
As per the data coming from the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board; It shows that less than 20% of marijuana business owners come from minority races. The data indicates that while 7% of owners are Asian, 4% identified themselves as multiracial, and only 5% are black or Hispanic. The majority of the state's licensed marijuana business owners identified themselves as non-minority.
The First State in the United States
Washington State was one of the first in the USA to legalize marijuana for recreational purposes. Its governor, Jay Inslee (D), has become a champion of his state's legal marijuana market. He signed House Bill 1443 into law on Monday, which expands the state's Task Force for Social Equity in the Cannabis industry. The purpose is to help more minorities get into the state's marijuana sales and manufacturing business.
Encouragement on Licenses & Cannabis Industry Workforce Training Programs
This bill alters residential cannabis agriculture regulations and shifts primary regulation of cannabis products from the Liquor and Cannabis Board to the Department of Agriculture. License applicants can get grant funding even if they have prior convictions for marijuana-related crimes or live in areas considered excessively impacted. The law also gives them expert advice by creating cannabis industry workforce training opportunities. With these changes, people, especially from the minority communities who were once disqualified from getting licenses, are finally free to start their business with an advantage over cannabis license applicants without a criminal history.
"It's a down payment on what the state of Washington owes its Black residents," said Paula Sardinas, co-chair of the task force, "We're doing things to make those wrongs, right."
Rep. Melanie Morgan, D-Pierce County, told House members that if Washington State is considered truly inclusive, the state will have to "practice equity in the cannabis industry" Morgan was one of the bill's sponsors and co-chaired the task force with Sardinas.
Published by: Book Club
Release ID: 18086


The Supreme Court on Monday reiterated that citizens have a right to travel abroad, especially for medical reasons [Abhishek Banerjee and anr vs Directorate of Enforcement].
A bench of Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul and Sudhanshu Dhulia, therefore, questioned the Enforcement Directorate (ED) on whether there was a need to issue a look-out-circular (LOC) against Trinamool Congress (TMC) leader, Abhishek Banerjee.
The Court made the observation while hearing a batch of pleas concerning summons issued by the ED to various political leaders, requiring them to come for interrogation to Delhi.
The Court today pointed out that when central probe agencies issue look-out notices or LOCs to restrict travel unnecessarily, it leads to multiplicity of proceedings.
The Court proceeded to question why such a look out notice was being issued against Banerjee and his wife.
“You are examining him (Abhishek Banerjee) for one year? Investigation is pending, you call him as and when required. On what basis do you issue a look-out notice? Travelling abroad is also a right unless a person is going to abscond. Why do you create multiplicity of proceedings unnecessarily? Why was it required, and what has to be done ultimately?” Justice Kaul asked the ED.
Additional Solicitor General (ASG) SV Raju, who appeared for the ED, responded by saying that he would require more instructions in the matter. The bench the proceeded to adjourn the case till Friday.
“We only want to know if the look-out notice is issued qua the petitioners, and why they should not be allowed to travel abroad for medical treatment,” the Court noted in its order.
Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing for the Banerjees, told the Court that the couple had to travel abroad for medical reasons for a month. He added that the couple had travelled abroad earlier and returned without impeding the probe against them.
However, Sibal submitted that the ED was not responding to their requests for foreign travel. Rather, the ED was relying on a look-out notice reportedly issued against the couple to stall their request for travel, Sibal added.
The matter will be heard next on July 28.
In May last year, the Supreme Court had allowed Banerjee and his wife to be interrogated at the ED’s Kolkata Office.
This was after the couple moved the top Court against a Delhi High Court order dismissing their challenge to an ED summons in connection with its investigation into a high-profile coal mining scam in West Bengal.
Another plea before the Supreme Court was filed by K Kavitha, daughter of Telangana Chief Minister, K Chandrashekar Rao. The Supreme Court had, in March, refused to grant any interim relief to the Bharat Rashtra Samithi (BRS) leader in relation to summons issued by the ED in the Delhi excise policy scam case.
Another petition pending before the top court is by Nalini Chidambaram, which was filed in relation to the ED’s probe into the Saradha Chit fund scam.
These pleas by K Kavitha and Nalini Chidambaram raised questions on the issue of whether a woman can be summoned for questioning to another city on short notice.
ASG Raju today argued that these pleas were now infructuous.
He, therefore, asked the Supreme Court to take on record his statement that the accused would only be summoned for questioning as and when needed, and with ten days’ notice.
The bench today adjourned this batch of cases till Friday after taking the said statement on record.


Angola’s new Competition Law and the revised Private Investment Law will help Angola to return to higher economic growth rates, said the head of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission, which concluded a visit to Luanda on Thursday.
Ricardo Velloso said that the competition legislation intends to break some of the existing monopolies in the economy, thus encouraging more private investment and leading to more job creation. The private investment law will provide more incentives and guarantees for foreign entrepreneurs to invest in Angola.
The Brazilian economist noted that Angola’s public debt is now higher than in previous years, “something that is a concern for the IMF,” but acknowledged that the Angolan government took an important step with the approval of the General State Budget for 2018, which outlines a lower deficit than in previous years.
At the end of a meeting between the Angolan economic team and the IMF delegation, the Minister of State for Economic and Social Development, Manuel Nunes Júnior, said that economic growth forecasts for this year are positive, as they are an improvement over initial projections.
The minister noted the economic growth rate which, from an initial forecast of 1.6%, has now been revised to 2.2%. (macauhub)


Treaty with Eel River Indiansmessage from the President of the United States, transmitting a copy of a treaty concluded on the 11th of February last, with the Eel River or Thornton Party of Miami Indians.
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Indians of North America -- Treaties, Miami Indians -- Tre
|Series||Executive doc -- no. 279., Native American legal materials collection -- title 4195., Ex. doc. (United States. Congress. House) -- 20th congress, 1st session, no. 279.|
|Contributions||Eel River Band of Miami Indians.|
|The Physical Object|
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But the early description of Eel River indicates that the river and the land through which it flowed were very important to the Indians and early white traders. The river itself formed an important highway between the Eel River Post above and the important Indian settlement near the mouth of the river, and on to the Wabash settlements below.
Treaty with The Eel River, etc August 7, At a council holden at Vincennes on the seventh day of August, one thousand eight hundred and three, under the direction of William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana territory, superintendent of Indian affairs, and commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States for concluding any treaty or treaties which may be found necessary with any of.
The Treaty of Grouseland () was the second significant treaty to expand the Indiana Territory for additional settlement. Harrison negotiated with the Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami, Wea, and the Eel River band at Grouseland, Harrison's home at its terms the tribes ceded their land in southern Indiana south of the Grouseland Line, which began at the northeast corner of the.
Innearly 1, Potawatomi, Delaware, Miami, and Eel River Indians and their allies witnessed the Treaty of Fort Wayne, ceding million acres of tribal lands in present-day Michigan Author: Dennis Zotigh.
Treaty with the Eel River, etc. and commissioner plenipotentiary of the United States for concluding any treaty or treaties which may be found necessary with any of the Indian and the said chiefs and warriors of the before-mentioned nations and tribe of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed their seals, the day and.
This book does not even deserve a one-star rating. It is utter rubbish and not useful at all for Miami people, of which the Eel River were a band who later merged with the broader Miami Nation by going to Kansas at the time of removal in Treaty with Eel River Indians book integrating with the Miami there or marrying into the Miami who remained in Indiana through treaty and congressional exemptions on reserve lands/5(3).
NATIVE AMERICANS OF APPALACHIAN KENTUCKY Contrary to popular myths, American Indians have lived in Kentucky since time immemorial. When Kentucky was declared the fifteenth state on June 1, Treaty with Eel River Indians book, more than twenty tribes, including the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chippewa, Delaware, Eel River, Haudenosaunee, Kaskaskia, Kickapoo, Miami, Ottawa, Piankeshaw, Potawatomi, Shawnee, Wea.
Beside some links are an author’s name or book title.
Description Treaty with Eel River Indians EPUB
To find more information about each author or book please view our main Indian Tribes of the United States page. Eel River Indians. Miami Tribe – Hodge; Eel River Treaties Treaty of August 3, ; Treaty of August 7, ; Treaty of June 7, ; Treaty of Aug ; Treaty of.
User Review - Flag as inappropriate Good read. A few mistakes, for example, this book mistakenly states the Eel River Indians to be a subgroup of the Miami. The Eel River Indians were put together with the Miami by the American Government during a couple of treaties. The Eel Rivers, then and now, are most definitely a separate Tribe from the Miami/5(2).
Get this from a library. Treaty with Eel River Indians: message from the President of the United States, transmitting a copy of a treaty concluded on the 11th of February last, with the Eel River or Thornton Party of Miami Indians.
[Eel River Band of Miami Indians.; United States. President (. The Eel River (Cahto: Taanchow) is a major river, about miles ( km) long, of northwestern river and its tributaries form the third largest watershed entirely in California, draining a rugged area of 3, square miles (9, km 2) in five river flows generally northward through the Coast Ranges west of the Sacramento Valley, emptying into the Pacific Ocean Length: mi ( km).
The Eel River are a Native American tribe who at the time of European settlement lived along the (Northern) Eel River in what is today were sometimes classified as part of the Miami Indians as well as often being confused with the Wea, the Pankishaw and the Pokias.
A book of sources about the Eel River Tribe of Indiana has been compiled and published by Mike Floyd. The Eel River tribe was given $ a year, and the Potawatomi $ a year. Another article of the treaty awarded $ a year to the Wea tribe, whose consent was.
TREATY WITH THE DELAWARES, ETC. Septem Proclaimed Janu A treaty between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Delawares, Putawatimies, Miamies and Eel River Miamies. Groups such as the Humboldt Home Guard, the Eel River Minutemen and the Placer Blades among others terrorized local Indians and caused the premier 19th century historian Hubert Howe Bancroft to describe them as follows.
“The California valley cannot grace her annals with a single Indian war bordering on respectability. Title: A treaty of peace between the United States of America and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnes, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel.
The Eel River American Indians were a tribe living primarily in northwestern Indiana during the late s and the early s. Following the signing of the Treaty of Greenville inthey joined the Miami tribe. They took their name from the Eel River in northern Indiana.
The said Miami, Eel River, and Wea tribes, cede and relinquish to the United States forever, all that tract of country which lies to the south of a line to be drawn from the north east corner of the tract ceded by the treaty of fort Wayne, so as to strike the general boundary line, running from a point opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky.
The Eel River is marked on the earliest maps as l’Anguille, the Eel or Snake Fish which the Indians called it –Kenapocomoco. This was beaver country, and the French hunted steadily as well as deer, otter, and mink.
The hides were removed by canoe to Detroit, then to Montreal and Quebec. A treaty between the United States of America and the tribes of Indians called the Delawares, Putawatimies, Miamies and Eel River Miamies.
Details Treaty with Eel River Indians FB2
American Indian Treaties From until abouttreaties between individual sovereign American Indian nations and the U.S. were negotiated to establish borders and prescribe conditions of behavior between the parties. The form of these agreements was nearly identical to the Treaty of Paris ending the Revolutionary War between the U.S.
and Great Britain. Many Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Ottawa, Miami, Eel River, Wea, Chippewa, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Piankashaw, and Kaskaskia lost large portions of their homeland. Still other native leaders resisted and contested this and subsequent treaties, and would later fight to regain their land under the leadership of Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa.
The treaty currently on display is the Treaty with the Potawatomi,also known as the second treaty of Fort Wayne. This treaty between the United States and the Miami, Delaware, Potawatomi and Eel River tribes spurred Shawnee chief Tecumseh’s movement to halt U.S.
expansion in Indian Country and join the British against the U.S. in the. TREATY WITH THE EEL RIVER, ETC., Click here to download page one of the original treaty. Click here to download page two of the original treaty. Aug. 7, 7 Stat., Proclamation, Dec. 23, At a council holden at Vincennes on the seventh day of August, one thousand eight hundred and three, under the direction of William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana territory.
A treaty between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Delawares, Pottawatimies, Miames, Eel River, and Weas. Articles of a treaty made and entered into, at Grouseland, near Vincennes, in the Indiana territory, by and between William Henry Harrison, governor of said territory, superintendent of Indian affairs, and.
Royce Area 73 was originally ceded to the United States in Article 9 of the Treaty of Fort Wayne of SeptemWilliam Henry Harrison, commissioner, by the "Delaware, Putawatame, Miami, and Eel River tribes of Indians" (7 Stat.
Article 9 of this Treaty reads as follows: Art. 9th. The Omnibus Treaty of assigned remnants of Old Northwest tribes to sections in northeast Indian Territory.
These were the Confeder-ated Peorias, the Ottawas and the Wyandottes. The Peoria Confederacy consisted of groups from the Peorias, Miamis, Cahokias, Tamaroas, Michigameas, Moingwenas, Piankashaws, Weas, Eel River Indians, and Kaskaskias.
Return to Jump Table. Province of Manitoba-- Map and Bands contact info. Manitoba First Nations Treaty Land Entitlement Committee--Representing 22 First Nations in Manitoba, who are covered by Treaties 1,2, 5 and bits of 3 and Barrens Land Band of Indians; Berens River Band of Indians.
The Treaty of Greenville, negotiated in Ohio on August 3,ended the war. It was made between Major General Anthony Wayne, commander of the army of the United States, and the Wyandot, Delaware, Shawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, Potawatomi, Miami.
The Eel River Tribe of Indiana Hardcover – Janu by Mike Floyd (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from Hardcover, Janu "Please retry" Author: Mike Floyd. Ratified treaty no. 47, documents relating to the negotiation of the treaty of Augwith the Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami, Eel River, and Wea Indians (Aug ).
Sec. of War to Wm. H. Harrison, Oct.
Download Treaty with Eel River Indians PDF
11,acknowledging receipt of treaty and communicating wish of President that negotiations with Piankashaw be concluded.Benack, Flat Belly Once Walked These Lands. Part 2 by Jo Ann Merkle Vrabel, Feature Writer Inthere was a very wealthy and gruff Pottawatomi chief named Benack.
He had two reservations. One as a reserve located southeast of Clunette,at the northwest corner of the intersection of County Roads North and West. Schedule of grants referred to the foregoing Treaty, Article 3d. [To John B. Richardville, one section of land, between the mouth of Pipe Creek and the mouth of Eel River, on the north side of the Wabash, and one section on the north-west side of the St.
Joseph, adjoining the old boundary line; also, one half section on the east side of the St. Joseph's, below Cha-po-tee's village.
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The Republican Party platform is pro-life. Regardless, Roe v. Wade is the Law of the Land. Unless it is overturned, there will be abortions.
There are many forms of birth control for men and women, but killing the unborn baby should not be one of them.
Please write your representatives in Washington to support the Life Begins at Conception Act so that Roe v. Wade can be overturned, except in the case of rape, incest or the health of the mother.
It would really make an enormous difference if physicians would make their voices heard in regard to aborting a baby. Also, speak out about the epidemic of STD's.
The picture of a baby in the womb with the caption "Thou shalt not kill" shown on TV everyday and on the internet would bring to the forefront what is at stake when abortion is chosen.


A termination for convenience provision in a contract allows one party to the contract to terminate the agreement, even in the absence of the other party's fault or breach, and without suffering the usual financial consequences of a breach of contract.
Where there is provision for early termination, the customer should consider what payments apply to the early termination. If compensation is appropriate, it should not exceed reasonable costs associated with the termination and would not, for example, extend to additional costs such as to cover lost profits on the part of the provider.
|“||[Party] may terminate this contract at any time for any reason by giving at least thirty (30) days notice in writing to the [Other Party]. Such termination shall not be deemed a breach of contract. [Party] agrees to pay the [Other Party] for all unpaid invoices and uncompensated staff time and expenses up to the date of termination.||”|


MINING & DMF
SHARING THE WEALTH OF MINERALS
How do we remove the resource-curse from the mining districts of India? This report proposed a benefit-sharing mechanism under which the mining-affected communities get a share from the royalties. It took eight years for this idea to get accepted as District Mineral Foundation (DMF).
LOSING SOLID GROUND
This report was published to impress upon the Parliamentary Standing Committee to revise the Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957 keeping in view the environmental and social aspects of the mining sector. They took note of the report and instituted the District Mineral Foundation (DMF).
DISTRICT MINERAL FOUNDATION: STATUS REPORT 2017
This report is an evaluation of the progress and performance of District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) in India’s 50 key mining districts across 11 states. The focus of the review is on examining the implementation status of DMF provisions as per the law.
DISTRICT MINERAL FOUNDATION STATUS REPORT 2018 – CHHATTISGARH (HINDI)
This status report evaluated the performance of mining districts of Chhattisgarh on how they are implementing the provisions of the DMF.
DISTRICT MINERAL FOUNDATION STATUS REPORT 2018 – JHARKHAND (HINDI)
This status report evaluated the performance of mining districts of Jharkhand on how they are implementing the provisions of the DMF.
PEOPLE FIRST: DISTRICT MINERAL FOUNDATION STATUS REPORT 2018
This status report evaluated the performance of top 50 districts of India on how they are implementing the provisions of the DMF, especially if the DMF fund is being used effectively to serve the intended beneficiaries.
NAMIBIA: IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MINING SECTOR
This report was prepared on the request of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Government of Namibia. The report recommended a sustainable mining framework for Namibia.
AN INCLUSIVE AND OUTCOME-ORIENTED FRAMEWORK FOR DMF PLANNING
This policy brief explains how an output-outcome based participatory planning process can strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the District Mineral Foundations (DMFs).
TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK FOR DMF
This policy brief discusses how the transparency and accountability mechanisms of District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) may be strengthened to ensure that DMFs internalizes the principles of good governance.


When Escondido residents are facing serious financial challenges, it can be a good idea to take things one step at a time to attempt to get to a solution. For many individuals and families, the first step is to get a full grasp of the entirety of the problems. Is there a lack of income? Are there unexpected expenses that are straining the household budget? Or, as is the case for many people throughout America, including in Escondido, is personal debt becoming an overwhelming hole to dig out of?
If debt is the problem, Chapter 7 bankruptcy may be a debt solution. If an Escondido resident, after reviewing all of the pros and cons, does ultimately decide to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, taking things one step at a time in the bankruptcy process is essential. The first step is to know what information is needed in order to file for bankruptcy.
First, the filer will need to compile a list of all of the creditors that are owed debt. The list will need to include specific numbers regarding the amounts owed, and to whom those amounts are owed. Are the debts for credit cards? Personal loans? All of this information is needed.
Next, the filer will need to provide precise details regarding the household income. How often does the filer get paid? Where does the filer work? After that, the filer will need to have a list of all property that is owned. This will be especially important when determining what property is exempt. Lastly, the filer will need to have a list of all of the monthly household expenses. Things like expenses for utilities, food and transportation.
Source: uscourts.gov, "Chapter 7 - Bankruptcy Basics," Accessed Sept. 11, 2016


International Music Video Underground Official Selection: Wind It On – Moi Cava ft. Andrew Giambertone !!
A huge honor to be part of the Official Selection of the International Music Video Underground. We shot the whole video for ‘Wind it On’ around San Francisco (in under an hour – which is bananas!). Was super fun and we can’t wait to get back out that way.
Is It You? Official Music Video is Out!
Congratulations to the Copyright Alliance 10 Yr Anni!
Sent out a congrats to one of my favorite org’s, the Copyright Alliance – helping to protect the IP rights of artists all over the US! Thanks again for all that you do! x
Thank you for highlighting exactly why we aim to support, protect, and empower #creators! #CA10thAnniversary pic.twitter.com/QrezbF8XSk
— Copyright Alliance (@copyright4u) May 7, 2017
Record Store Day in London 🇬🇧
Moi Cava Answers 5 Questions with the Copyright Alliance
Had the pleasure of speaking with the Copyright Alliance about copyright and songwriting. It’s an honor to be featured by an organization who promotes the education and advocacy of creators intellectual property rights.
For full article, click the following link:
Moi Cava Answers 5 Questions with the Copyright Alliance!


David v. StellerAnnotate this Case
269 A.2d 203 (1970)
Lee Woodkeeper DAVID and Anna A. David, his wife; Wilson Armstrong David and Mary F. David, his wife; Miss Nora David; and Hilda David Kemp and Dudley Kemp, her husband, Defendants Below, Appellants, v. John Delbert STELLER and Mary A. Steller, his wife, Plaintiffs Below, Appellees.
Supreme Court of Delaware.
July 22, 1970.
Petition for Reargument Denied August 6, 1970.
Thomas G. Hughes, of O'Donnell, Hughes & Lowicki, Wilmington, and William S. Potter, Charles S. Crompton, Jr., and Michael D. Goldman, of Potter, Anderson & Corroon, Wilmington, for defendants below, appellants.
Albert W. James, George C. Hering, III, and Eduard F. vonWettberg, III, Wilmington, for plaintiffs below, appellees.
CAREY and HERRMANN, Justices, and SHORT, Vice Chancellor, sitting.
SHORT, Vice Chancellor.
This is an appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court ordering ejectment of appellants from a tract of marsh land situate in Blackbird Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware.
The case below was tried to the court without a jury. Plaintiffs therein, appellees here, proved record title to the marsh land involved. Defendants below, appellants here, claimed title by adverse possession. The trial judge held that defendants had failed to meet their burden of proof. While recognizing that their occupancy of the land was open and notorious he found that defendants' possession was not hostile to the record owners. This finding, which is here challenged, was based upon inferences and deductions *204 drawn from the relationship of the parties as to other lands, and speculations as to the existence or non-existence of certain facts. In such case it is our duty to review findings thus made and if found to be clearly wrong to draw our own inferences and reach our own conclusions. Application of Delaware Racing Association, Del. Supr., 213 A.2d 203; Lank v. Steiner, Del.Supr., 224 A.2d 242.
The facts are fully stated in the opinion of the court below. See, Steller v. David, Del.Super., 257 A.2d 391. No useful purpose would be served by repeating them here. On the issue of hostility the significant and undisputed facts are these: Appellants' father, then a tenant of other nearby farm and marsh land owned by the Johnsons, appellees' predecessors, took possession of the land involved in 1902 under a warranty deed purporting to convey the fee simple title; in 1911 and 1925 he had surveys made of the subject land and other adjacent lands owned by him; he marked the boundaries with stakes and poles; he paid the taxes until his death in 1948; together with appellants he trapped, hunted and cut marsh hay from the land over a period of more than sixty years; by his will, probated and recorded in 1948, he devised the land to appellants, his children, and it was listed in the inventory of his estate. In 1947 appellants Lee and Wilson David removed traps as they were set on the land by appellee John Steller and informed Steller of their father's claim of ownership. Following the death of their father appellants continued in possession. They paid the taxes and hunted and trapped the land as their father had before. Except for the attempted setting of traps in 1947 appellees asserted no rights until 1966, more than nineteen years after their deed from the record owner.
The trial judge recognized the force of appellants' case when he said: "All of these facts, and others, would ordinarily indicate a strong case in favor of defendants because of the inactivity of Eleanor Brynberg Johnson and the positive actions of the defendants." But he concluded that because a landlord-tenant relationship had existed for some years between the Johnsons and appellants' father and thereafter until 1946 between Eleanor Johnson and appellant Lee David as to other Johnson lands there was "a strong inference that if the Davids had permission to use No. 1 [the other lands], they also had permission to use No. 2 [the subject lands]." This and other inferences leading to the conclusion of permissive possession, we think, were clearly wrong. The "strong case" made by appellants indicates the contrary, the only reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom establishing the "hostile" nature of their claim, within the meaning of that term as defined by the court below. But the trial judge reasoned, as we read his opinion, that though appellants' proof would ordinarily be sufficient to show all the elements of an adverse holding, because of the particular factual situation involved they also "had the burden to establish that no landlord-tenant or permissive relationship existed." His conclusion resulted from the view that appellants had failed to meet this burden.
We are satisfied that irrespective of which party had the burden of proof the showing made by appellants established their claim as hostile and exclusive. But in any event, the trial court was in error in holding that appellants were required to disprove permissive possession. While a party claiming title or rights by adverse possession or use has the burden of proving all the elements of an adverse holding, once that burden is met it is incumbent on the holder of record title to establish that the possession or use was permissive. Itawamba County v. Sheffield, 195 Miss. 359, 13 So. 2d 649; Smith v. Folmsbee, 31 A.D.2d 584, 294 N.Y.S.2d 888; Wampler v. Shenk, 404 Pa. 395, 172 A.2d 313; Schultz v. Shatto, 150 Tex. 130, 237 S.W.2d 609; Thompson v. Griffiths, 9 Utah 2d 348, 344 P.2d 983; Glantz v. Gabel, 66 Mont. 134, 212 P. 858; Abel v. Love, 81 Ind.App. 328, 143 N.E. 515; City of Kirksville v. Young, *205 Mo., 252 S.W.2d 286. Recognition and approval of this rule is implicit, we think, in the court's charge to the jury in Doe ex dem. Barrett v. Jefferson, 5 Houst. 477. The rule is applicable here and since appellees presented no affirmative evidence tending to show a landlord-tenant or other permissive relationship the case made by appellants stood unchallenged. The trial court was clearly in error in drawing inferences and conclusions based on a mistake of law.
We hold that appellants have established their ownership of the subject land by convincing proof of each and every element required by law to show title by adverse possession. This determination makes it unnecessary to consider appellants other ground of appeal.
The judgment of the trial court is reversed with directions to enter judgment for defendants below.


A Letter to Our Clients Regarding COVID-19
03.19.2020 Written by: Henningson & Snoxell, Ltd.
We want to share with you that our law firm remains open for business and available to assist you with all of your legal needs. We have been monitoring the spread of COVID-19 and the disease’s potential impact on our clients, our personnel, and the economy. Our ability to help our clients will continue and we will make ourselves available to provide legal services to you.
We have also developed ideas to not only help our business and nonprofit organization clients, but our firm as well, address some of the practical and legal risks that might arise during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continually update our website to reflect these ideas. Our thoughts and best wishes are with our clients, friends, and everyone’s personnel during these difficult circumstances.
Please contact us if you have any questions about this firm’s response to COVID-19 or would like to talk with one of our attorneys about any legal aspect of the current challenges we are all dealing with.
Henningson & Snoxell, LTD.


Part IX-B of the constitution contains the following provisions with respect to the co-operative societies:
Incorporation of Co-operative Societies: The state legislature may make provisions for the incorporation, regulation and winding-up of co-operative societies based on the principles of voluntary formation, democratic member- control, member-economic participation and autonomous functioning.
Number and Term of Members of Board and its Office Bearers: The board shall consist of such number of directors as may be provided by the state legislature.3 But, the maximum number of directors of a co-operative society shall not exceed twenty-one.
The state legislature shall provide for the reservation of one seat for the Scheduled Castes or the Scheduled Tribes and two seats for women on the board of every co-operative society having members from such a category of persons.
The term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers shall be five years from the date of election.
The state legislature shall make provisions for co-option of persons having experience in the field of banking, management, finance or specialisation in any other related field, as members of the board. But, the number of such coopted members shall not exceed two (in addition to twenty-one directors). Further, the co-opted members shall not have the right to vote in any election of the co-operative society or be eligible to be elected as office bearers of the board.
The functional directors of a co-operative society shall also be the members of the board and such members shall be excluded for the purpose of counting the total number of directors (that is, twenty-one).
Election of Members of Board: The election of a board shall be conducted before the expiry of the term of the board so as to ensure that the newly elected members assume office immediately on the expiry of the term of the office of members of the outgoing board.
The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls and the conduct of elections to a co-operative society shall vest in such body, as may be provided by the state legislature.
Supersession and Suspension of Board and Interim Management: No board shall be superseded or kept under suspension for a period exceeding six months. The board may be superseded or kept under suspension in case
(i) Of its persistent default
(ii) Of negligence in the performance of its duties
(iii) Of committing any act prejudicial to the interests of the co-operative society or its members
(iv) Of there being a stalemate in the constitution or functions of the board
(v) Of the election body having failed to conduct elections in accordance with the provisions of the State Act.
However, the board of any such co-operative society shall not be superseded or kept under suspension where there is no Government shareholding or loan or financial assistance or any guarantee by the Government.
In case of supersession of a board, the administrator appointed to manage the affairs of such a co-operative society shall arrange for conduct of elections within the period of six months and hand-over the management to the elected board.
Audit of Accounts of Co-operative Societies: The state legislature may make provisions for the maintenance of accounts by the co-operative societies and the auditing of such accounts at least once in each financial year. It shall lay down the minimum qualifications and experience of auditors and auditing firms that shall be eligible for auditing the accounts of the co-operative societies.
Every co-operative society shall be audited by an auditor or auditing firm, appointed by the general body of the co-operative society. But, such an auditor or auditing firm shall be appointed from a panel approved by the State Government or a body authorised by the State Government on this behalf.
The accounts of every co-operative society shall be audited within six months of the close of the financial year.
The audit report of the accounts of an apex co-operative society shall be laid before the state legislature.
Convening of General Body Meetings: The state legislature may provide that the annual general body meeting of every co-operative society shall be convened within a period of six months of the close of the financial year.
Right of a Member to Get Information: The state legislature may provide for access to every member of a co-operative society to the books, information and accounts of the co-operative society. It may also make provisions to ensure the participation of members in the management of the co-operative society. Further, it may provide for co-operative education and training for its members.
Returns: Every co-operative society shall file returns, within six months of the close of every financial year, to the authority designated by the State Government. These returns shall include the following matters:
(a) Annual report of its activities
(b) Its audited statement of accounts
(c) Plan for surplus disposal as approved by the general body of the cooperative society
(d) List of amendments to the by-laws of the co-operative society
(e) Declaration regarding date of holding of its general body meeting and conduct of elections when due
(f) Any other information required by the Registrar in pursuance of any of the provisions of the State Act.
Offences and Penalties: The state legislature may make provisions for the offences relating to the co-operative societies and penalties for such offences. Such a law shall include the commission or omission of the following acts as offences:
(a) A co-operative society wilfully makes a false return or furnishes false information
(b) Any person wilfully disobeys any summon, requisition or order issued under the State Act
(c) Any employer who, without sufficient cause, fails to pay to a co-operative society the amount deducted from its employee within a period of fourteen days
(d) Any officer who wilfully fails to handover custody of books, accounts, documents, records, cash, security and other property belonging to a cooperative society to an authorised person
(e) Any person who adopts corrupt practices before, during or after the election of members of the board or office bearers.
Application to Multi-state Co-operative Societies: The provisions of this part shall apply to the multi-state co-operative societies subject to the modification that any reference to the “State Legislature”, “State Act” or “State Government” shall be construed as a reference to “Parliament”, “Central Act” or “Central Government” respectively.
Application to Union Territories: The provisions of this part shall apply to the Union territories. But, the President may direct that the provisions of this part shall not apply to any Union territory or part thereof as he may specify in the notification.
Continuance of Existing Laws: Any provision of any law relating to co operative societies in force in a state immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011, which is inconsistent with the provisions of this part, shall continue to be in force until amended or repealed or until the expiration of one year from such commencement, whichever is less.
REASONS FOR THE 97TH AMENDMENT
The reasons for adding the above provisions in the Constitution by the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2011 are as follows:
1. The co-operative sector, over the years, has made significant contribution to various sectors of national economy and has achieved voluminous growth. However, it has shown weaknesses in safeguarding the interests of the members and fulfilment of objects for which these institutions were organised. There have been instances where elections have been postponed indefinitely and nominated office bearers or administrators have remained in-charge of these institutions for a long time. This reduces the accountability in the management of co-operative societies to their members. Inadequate professionalism in management in many of the co-operative institutions has led to poor services and low productivity. Co-operatives need to run on well established democratic principles and elections held on time and in a free and fair manner. Therefore, there was a need to initiate fundamental reforms to revitalise these institutions in order to ensure their contribution in the economic development of the country and to serve the interests of members and public at large and also to ensure their autonomy, democratic functioning and professional management.
2. The “co-operative societies” is a subject enumerated in Entry 32 of the state list of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution and the state legislatures have accordingly enacted legislations on co-operative societies. Within the framework of State Acts, growth of co-operatives on large scale was envisaged as part of the efforts for securing social and economic justice and equitable distribution of the fruits of development. It has, however, been experienced that in spite of considerable expansion of co-operatives, their performance in qualitative terms has not been up to the desired level. Considering the need for reforms in the Co-operative Societies Acts of the States, consultations with the State Governments have been held at several occasions and in the conferences of state cooperative ministers. A strong need has been felt for amending the Constitution so as to keep the co-operatives free from unnecessary outside interferences and also to ensure their autonomous organisational set up and their democratic functioning.
3. The Central Government was committed to ensure that the co-operative societies in the country function in a democratic, professional, autonomous and economically sound manner. With a view to bring the necessary reforms, it was proposed to incorporate a new part in the Constitution so as to provide for certain provisions covering the vital aspects of working of co-operative societies like democratic, autonomous and professional functioning. It was expected that these provisions will not only ensure the autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also ensure the accountability of management to the members and other stakeholders and shall provide for deterrence for violation of the provisions of the law.


Last night Rachel asked Rep. Ed Markey (D-MA) whether he believed that a well-established regulatory program that was dedicated to real regulation would have had actual functional regulations in place that could have prevented the BP Gusher from happening. Markey said sure enough, no doubt, the real problem was a lax regulatory environment at the Mineral Management Service that dates back to it’s establishment and a better regulatory structure would have done the job. I have to call more than half bullshit on that. Prior to the recent Disaster in the Deep, it would have been next to impossible to impose the kind of regulations that would ensure a quick and effective plugging of the leak and clean-up. Washington D.C. is still the place where money talks and bullshit walks, and without a massive public disaster to build your regulations around, you will never get reality to prevail over bullshit. .. if at all.
This is nothing new. In the 1950s, Lyndon Johnson, at the behest of the gas barons who owned him, destroyed the regulatory capacity of the Federal Power Commission by accusing the chief regulator of being a commie and having him run out of town. The gas companies got their way in Washington ever after, and made millions while the public paid ever higher gas prices.
In the 1970s, a well-funded funeral home industry not only derailed an effort by the Federal Trade Commission to curtail sleazy sales practices in the death industry, it also striped the FTC of most of its regulatory clout.
Back in the 1980s the lawyers and examiners at the Federal Home Loan Bank Board provided ample warning to their bosses that the duct tape and chewing gum that held the savings and loan system together would come undone. Savings and loan barons, well connected on both sides of Capitol Hill and in the White House, convinced the leadership that the staff was full of crap. Real regulation gave way to conventional wisdom and it cost the taxpayers than $!50 billion (that’s just direct payments to the Resolution Trust Corporation) at a time when a billion was real money.
In the 1990s, regulators were fully aware that the dot.com bubble was fueled by outrageous valuations placed on IPOs by underwriters and analysts who knew that most of the stocks being offered could not demonstrate an income stream, let alone a profit-making model. Wall Street’s big money lobbyists pumped millions into the campaign chests of Congress to stave off any serious regulatory scrutiny until after the bubble burst. And still, it should be noted, no lessons learned from the dot.com bubble were ever applied to the far more disastrous housing bubble that followed.
In the face of clear and convincing evidence of the health hazards of cigarettes, the tobacco lobby held off efforts to regulate cigarettes in the interests of public health for years.
Ten years ago the regulators of FreddieMac and FannieMae provided fair warning to the Congress that capital was too thin and accounting too creative at the giant secondary market agencies. Fannie and Freddie, awash in cash, bought the most expensive lobbyists in town and a fist full of Congresspersons, on both sides of the isle, and nothing was done until the system collapsed. We might add that it is not yet clear that the financial institutions reform package still being tinkered with in a House-Senate conference committee will address the egregious regulatory short comings that directly contributed to the current financial crisis.
Oil is the richest industry on earth. It can outspend any lobby in Washington if it wishes. It has suppressed environmental efforts to regulate auto emissions and auto mileage standards. It owns many of the most important people in Washington. I will concede that with current oil disaster on our southern coast, it may be possible… as it was after the Santa Barbara oil spill of 40 years ago… to obtain some serious and effective regulatory limits on off-shhore drilling. Absent this event, it would never have happend.
At the same time. I think it is a good bet that the oil companies will be drilling again long before they demonstrate that they actually have 21st Century technology that can close off a well and clean up the mess.


Kolkata: The Election Commission of India (ECI) transferred seven IAS and IPS officers in West Bengal ahead of the Assembly polls including Jhargram DM Ayesha Rani, who has been replaced by Joyeshi Dasgupta. Other officers include SP Jhargram and Cooch Behar, Kolkata Police DC South, and ADG of West Bengal Police. The ASP of Diamond Harbour was also transferred.
ADG West zone Sanjay Singh is replaced by Rajesh Kumar, SP Diamond Harbour Avijit Banerjee has been replaced by Arijit Sinha, SP Cooch Behar K Kannan has been replaced by Debashish Dhar and DCP South Kolkata Sudhir Neelkantha has been replaced by Akash Magharia.
The ECI has barred these officers from being given any election-related responsibilities.
Earlier, the commission had removed Surajit Kar Purkayastha from the post of state security advisor of West Bengal. The ECI also abolished the post.
Meanwhile, special police observer Vivek Dube will visit Cooch Behar to investigate the death of the BJP cadre Amit Sarkar.
BJP West Bengal observer Kailash Vijaywargiya who visited Cooch Behar to pay last respect to the deceased BJP cadre said that the saffron camp will definitely punish the culprits who are responsible for the deaths of over 130 BJP cadres.
Meanwhile, soon after the development, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee while addressing a public rally said that the BJP fearing defeat in the upcoming polls is changing the IPS and IAS officers.
“The BJP knows that they can never win West Bengal. This state will not be ruled by any outsider. Fearing defeat they (BJP) are transferring IPS and IAS officers and replacing them with those who are close to the BJP,” claimed the TMC supremo urging all her polling agents to keep a strict vigil on the EVM machines during the elections.


Middlesbrough’s environmental neighbourhood safety team have seized a vehicle suspected to have been used for fly tipping.
Witnesses viewed rubble being tipped from a flatbed truck at a location on the opposite side of the A19 from Mandale Meadow.
The registration plate was taken and given to Middlesbrough Council’s Environmental Neighbourhood Safety Wardens who launched an investigation.
About one tonne of bricks and rubble was recovered from the tipping site and the Ford Transit was found to the rear of a property on Lambton Road, Grove Hill, Middlesbrough.
The van has now been seized and the suspected fly tippers will be interviewed ahead of any possible further action.
A spokesman for Middlesbrough Council said: “Fly tipping is completely unacceptable and we will always use every power we have to crack down on this type of offending.
“Members of the public can have full confidence that we will always fully investigate any report of fly tipping and take appropriate action.”
Vehicles can be seized by the council if it’s suspected it has been used, or will be used, to commit crimes such as fly-tipping.
The registered keeper of this vehicle must make contact with the Neighbourhood Safety team by calling 01642 773362, quoting reference number 553430, and provide evidence that they are the owner.
If the van is not claimed within 15 working days it will be destroyed.


The old process
Financial emigration from South Africa formalises your exit from South Africa for exchange control purposes South African Reserve Bank (SARB) emigration. It doesn’t mean that you are giving up your South African citizenship, and you’ll still hold on to your South African passport.
Financial emigration means that your status – for exchange control purposes with SARB – changes from resident to non-resident. Financial emigration does not change your status as a South African.
For many people, the drawcard is that they can access and transfer their retirement annuity in South Africa offshore, before the retirement date.
The new process
With financial(formal) emigration that has fallen away from March 2021. The responsibility has shifted from the Reserve Bank to SARS to change your status to a tax non-resident in SA.
There are still ways to ensure your tax status is changed with SARS and you can withdraw your retirement annuity prior to it reaching its maturity date by means of proving your tax residency to the insurers & SARS.
Understanding tax residency
If you are a tax resident and live in South Africa, you must pay SARS tax on all worldwide income.
If you are a tax resident, but live and work overseas for most of the year, you do not need to pay SARS tax on your worldwide income and the first R1.25 million of employment income is not taxed. Income earned over and above that amount will still be taxed in South Africa.
If you are not a tax resident, you only have to pay SARS tax on the income you earn in South Africa (e.g. from renting out a South African property or dividends from a South African company).
If you are tax resident in South Africa, Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs) between countries can protect you from having to pay tax on your foreign income in both South Africa and another country or allow you to pay a reduced rate. It’s worthwhile looking into the DTAs in place between South Africa and your new country of residence to ensure you’re not paying too much tax.
How SARS determines your tax status
SARS conducts two “tests” to consider whether you should be deemed tax resident.
The Ordinarily Resident test
This is a subjective test that seeks to determine where your main home is.
SARS will look at factors like:
- Where your family lives
- Where your permanent home is
- If you have belongings in storage in South Africa
- If you regularly return to a place in South Africa
The Physical Presence test
If SARS decides you are ordinarily resident outside of South Africa, it will conduct a second test. This looks at the number of days you spend out of the country.
To prove non-resident status, you need to avoid being in South Africa for a period exceeding:
- 91 days in total during the tax year under consideration
- 91 days in total during each of the five tax years preceding the one under consideration
- 915 days in aggregate during the above five preceding tax years – which amounts to an average of 183 days a year.
Paying Offshore Beneficiaries of Estate Late
Beneficiary has formally emigrated
Where the beneficiary of a South African estate has formally emigrated, the inheritance may be transferred to the beneficiary through the authorised dealer. The authorised dealer must confirm that the beneficiary has actually formally emigrated. Capital distributions from South African testamentary trusts to emigrants are also allowed.
Beneficiary has not formally emigrated but resides abroad
We often come across situations where a beneficiary has been a resident of a foreign jurisdiction for a significant period without having formally emigrated. In this instance, the executor will not be allowed to transfer the inheritance abroad. It should be noted that this is still the case even if the relevant beneficiary has taken up tax residency in the foreign jurisdiction, but has not formally emigrated from South Africa. In this case the beneficiary is regarded as a “South African Resident Temporarily Abroad” and the executor will have to transfer the inheritance to the beneficiary in South Africa and the beneficiary would have to export it, using the normal channels available to a South African resident. These are the R1 million per annum discretionary allowance and/or the R10 million per annum investment allowance.
A South African resident over the age of 18 is entitled to a single discretionary allowance of up to R1 million per calendar year. The single discretionary allowance may be used for any legal purpose abroad (including for investment purposes).
If you wish to transfer more than R1M per year you will require tax clearance from SARS. The annual limit is R10 million per calender year per person. The utilisation of his allowance requires the individual to be in good standing with the South African Revenue Service and a tax clearance certificate is required.
You can apply for more than the R10M per year with special dispensation, this requires tax clearance from SARS plus additional approval from the Reserve Bank (SARB). The most important is your source of funds and offshore investment details for the application to SARS.
If you need to transfer more than R10M per calender year, we can assist with the Reserve Bank application. We work closely with our partner banks that speeds up the process so that our clients do not have to wait months for a reply from SARB.
Tax emigration involves informing SARS that your tax status has changed and that indicates how you should, or should not, be taxed in South Africa. Whereas a non-tax resident only pays tax on their South African sourced income and South African sourced asset base.
RandTangle and a tax practitioner assists with the process to ensure that the client is a tax non-resident with SARS. The emigration can be back-dated to the day that the client left South Africa.
If you would like to encash your retirement annuities prior to it reaching its maturity date, the tax migration assists with this as it proves the date you left SA and that you have been a tax resident in your new home for more than 3 consecutive years.
The tax migration assists in proving your residency status to SARS and then we also apply for the emigration clearance so that your retirement annuities can be encashed.


324. Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Eliot) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
- Executive Privilege—SFRC Request for Internal Communications on Chile
The Church Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is investigating the activities of ITT and its contacts with the USG in relation to the 1970 Presidential election in Chile. One focus of these hearings is the allegation in the ITT memoranda published in the Jack Anderson column in March 1972 that CIA representatives requested ITT to take actions injurious to the Chilean economy as part of a U.S. program to prevent the election of President Allende in 1970. These ITT memoranda include other allegations of U.S. intervention including an alleged instruction to former Ambassador Korry in the name of President Nixon to do “all possible—short of a Dominican Republic-type action—to keep Allende from taking power.”2
Ambassador Korry is scheduled to appear before the Subcommittee on March 27 and former Assistant Secretary Meyer will testify on March 29. The Subcommittee has requested testimony from Secretary Rogers, and also from Ambassador Vaky concerning his duties while assigned to the NSC Staff. At this time, it does not appear that Secretary Rogers will be available to testify, but we have offered to send Acting Assistant Secretary Crimmins to speak for the Department. We [Page 854] will try to persuade the Committee to accept information concerning Ambassador Vaky’s contacts with ITT without requiring him to appear.
CIA has worked out damage-limiting arrangements with the Subcommittee that reduce its testimony to classified written responses to specific written questions. Public inquiry into State Department contacts with ITT are not expected to create many problems as those contacts were innocuous.
The Subcommittee appears intent on several lines of inquiry which raise serious problems, and the hearings will inevitably produce testimony embarrassing to the administration in Latin America. The most sensitive questions touch upon the privacy of communication between the President (and the Department) and his Ambassador, and the internal deliberations of the USG, including meetings of the 40 Committee. Senator Church has formally requested access to the file of communications between the Department and Embassy Santiago for the period August 1, 1970–January 31, 1971, and it appears highly likely the Subcommittee will ask Ambassador Korry and the Department specific questions based on the ITT memoranda in its possession, e.g.: Did Ambassador Korry receive instructions from the President or the Department to take actions to keep Allende from taking power? Did Ambassador Korry recommend a program of economic pressure on Chile in an effort to block Allende’s election? The Subcommittee may also pursue questions as to the consistency of the alleged CIA activity reported in the ITT memoranda with stated U.S. policy; whether the State Department was informed of the Agency’s discussions with ITT; and by what authority, and at whose specific direction, Agency representatives undertook those talks. In keeping with Presidential directives, the Department will attempt to comply to the fullest extent possible with Congressional requests for information. We will make every effort to satisfy the needs of the Subcommittee without asking the President to invoke Executive privilege. However, consistent with the policy established by the President, we will not disclose information which would be incompatible with the public interest or would impair the operation of the Executive Branch, but in those cases intend to request the invocation of Executive privilege.
In this regard, we believe that disclosure of the instructions sent to Ambassador Korry and of his recommendations to the President and the Department during the period in question would seriously prejudice the foreign relations interests of the United States. Moreover, the disclosure of these communications would compromise the privacy of deliberation within the Executive Branch which is essential to the effective conduct of Government. In addition, disclosure of the cable traffic requested by the Subcommittee would embarrass Chilean friends of [Page 855] the United States, and U.S. citizens as well, who provided information and advice to the Government in good faith reliance on the confidentiality of their reports. For all these reasons we believe that Executive privilege should be invoked if necessary to avoid such disclosures. Many of the same considerations apply with even greater force to the records of discussions within the National Security Council system which contributed to the formulation of Presidential policy.
These issues are likely to come to a head first when Ambassador Korry testifies on March 27. We have advised him that the President must make the final decision on the question of Executive privilege but that in our opinion the privilege applies with equal force to testimony of former Ambassadors as to present officers of the Government. Ambassador Korry will endeavor to respond to the Committee’s questions as fully as possible without provoking a question of Executive privilege but within the limitations described above. In the event the Committee insists on an answer to a direct question on his instructions or recommendations he will ask to be excused from responding pending determination by the President whether he wishes to invoke Executive privilege in that regard. In view of the special circumstances of this case we believe it appropriate to request guidance from the President on these matters at this time.
The Department of State has consulted with the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice; the Office of Legal Counsel has concluded that as a general matter instructions to and recommendations from an Ambassador and other internal Executive Branch communications fall within the scope of Executive privilege and that its exercise in that respect would be consistent with the President’s statement of March 12, 1973, and his memorandum to Cabinet officers of March 24, 1969.3 Therefore, we are requesting authority to invoke Executive privilege, if necessary, to prevent disclosure of these matters.
- Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 777, Country Files, Latin America, Chile, Vol. VIII. Secret; Exdis.↩
- See U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Multinational Corporations and United States Foreign Policy, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations on the International Telephone and Telegraph Company and Chile, 1970–1971, 93rd Congress, Part 2, Appendix I, March 21–22; 27–29, and April 2, 1973, p. 608. See also Document 296.↩
- For President Nixon’s statement on Executive privilege issued on March 12 and the attached memorandum of March 24, 1969, which established a procedure for compliance with congressional demands for information, see Public Papers: Nixon, 1973, pp. 184–187.↩


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A woman accused of embezzling from two Pawnee County youth sports organizations is in jail.
Cleveland Police Chief Clint Stout says they took 27-year-old Halee Swafford into custody Sunday night after a lengthy investigation.
Police announced on social media Sunday afternoon that they were looking for her. They say Swafford stole about $18,000 from Cleveland youth baseball and football associations.
The chief says Swafford was the treasurer and a coach and her children played in the leagues.
Stout says Halee Swafford confessed to stealing the money. He says she first told police she was going to use it to get away from an abusive relationship, but later told investigators that was not true.
Stout says Swafford checked into a mental health facility after being interviewed by police earlier this month.
The money Swafford is accused of stealing was to be used for uniforms, trophies and insurance for the players.
The chief says she turned herself in at the Cleveland Police Department around 10:45 p.m. Sunday.