Clouds in the Greenhouse
But clouds can be a real pain in the neck for climate researchers.
Right: Cirrus clouds over Finland © Pekka Parviainen. [more]
To understand why, consider again that summer day: If a big, fluffy cumulus cloud comes drifting by, it's usually good news for hot cloud-watchers. Low thick clouds cast a refreshing shadow and reflect sunlight back into space. They cool the planet and the people beneath them.
On the other hand, high wispy clouds drifting by are less refreshing. Such clouds cast meagre shadows and, because they are themselves cold, they trap heat radiated from the planet below. The air temperature near the ground might actually increase.
Clouds are an important part of Earth's planetary greenhouse. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane are perhaps more widely discussed, but clouds can do the same thing: they warm our planet by trapping heat beneath them. Yet unlike greenhouse gases, sunlight-reflecting clouds also have a cooling influence. Furthermore, the air temperature, which is affected by clouds, in turn affects cloud formation. It's a circular relationship that makes climate research all the more difficult.
"Clouds remain one of the largest uncertainties in the climate system's response to temperature changes," laments Bruce Wielicki, a scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center. "We need more data to understand how real clouds behave."
How much sunlight do different kinds of clouds reflect? How much heat do they absorb? And how do they respond to ambient temperature changes? Wielicki is the principal investigator for an orbiting instrument that will answer some of these questions. "It's called CERES," he says, "short for Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System."
CERES is a package of three telescopes that watch our planet from Earth orbit. "One telescope is sensitive to ordinary sunlight," says Wielicki. "It tells us how much solar radiation is reflected from clouds or ice." The other two telescopes sense longer-wavelength infrared heat. They reveal how much heat is trapped by clouds and how much of it escapes back to space.
CERES is orbiting Earth now on board NASA's Terra satellite. The instrument was monitoring our planet last summer when a heat wave struck California and produced a remarkable surge in infrared radiation from that region. CERES revealed not only the infrared glow on the ground, but also how much of that heat was absorbed by the atmosphere -- key data for global warming studies.
Above: California is glowing in this image of infrared heat radiating from the Earth. CERES on Terra captured the data during the 2001 California heat wave.
NASA's Aqua satellite, slated to launch on May 2nd, will soon carry another package of CERES telescopes to orbit. "Having CERES on board two satellites (Aqua and Terra) will help us cover the entire planet -- to study, for example, day-night variations in Earth's energy balance," explains Wielicki.
CERES is a welcome development for scientists who are often forced to test their ideas about climate change using computer models -- models that may or may not faithfully represent our complicated planet. Using CERES, researchers can now examine some of those theories in the real world.
For example, a group of scientists recently proposed an idea called the "iris hypothesis." They suggested that the canopy of clouds over the tropical Pacific Ocean recedes when the water's surface temperature increases. Fewer clouds would open a window through which heat could escape to space and thus cool the planet. Earth, they argued, has a natural response that counteracts rising temperatures -- a bit like an iris in a human eye dilating to adapt to low light.
But does Earth really respond that way?
Wielicki and other NASA scientists used CERES to test the idea. It turned out that such clouds did trap infrared heat. But even more so they reflected visible sunlight back into space. Fewer of the clouds would mean more global warming, not less.
The iris hypothesis was wrong.
Above: Clouds containing many aerosols (left) also contain many water droplets. Such clouds reflect light well. Clouds containing fewer aerosols (right) tend to harbor larger water droplets; they transmit more solar energy to the planet below. [more]
"The aerosols are a mess," says Thomas Charlock, a senior scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center and co-investigator for CERES. "We don't know how much is out there, and every gosh-darned aerosol particle looks different from every other one. So we just can't estimate their influence with calculations alone."
"What we can do is look at the energy balance in a dusty area and a non-dusty area," Charlock continues. "That's where CERES and MODIS (a Terra instrument that can sense aerosol properties) used together will be very powerful."
When Aqua joins Terra in orbit, it will bring its own special set of tools to bear on climate research. Says Charlock: "Part of our mission we can do much better with [instruments on board] Aqua -- things relating to humidity and water clouds."
Scientists hope the unprecedented "cloud watching" power of these two satellites will reveal much about the inner workings of climate change. Don't expect any pictures of ducks or dinosaurs, though. Neither satellite has that kind of imagination. Yet in their own way, they will reveal the complex beauty of clouds as never before.
Changing Global Cloudiness -- in-depth article on clouds and climate change, from NASA's Earth Observatory
Aerosols and Climate Change -- a good article about the questions scientists have on the role aerosols play in climate change, from NASA's Earth Observatory
Earthshine: Our planet reflects about 30% of incoming sunlight, and clouds are responsible for theof that reflected light. See a 2 MB mpeg animation of the Earth's outgoing long-wave heat and its reflected sunlight.
Recent aerosol events -- a global map of recent dust and smoke events imaged by NASA satellites
Clouds and Climate Change -- brief summary of scientists' effort to understand the role of clouds in climate change, from NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies
Climate Change 2001: the scientific basis -- index of the comprehensive report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
CERES -- home page for the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System sensor
CERES on Terra -- information about the energy-balance sensor aboard the Terra satellite
Home pages for Terra and Aqua
Cloud type chart -- from the S'COOL Aqua verification project Web site
Join our growing list of subscribers - sign up for our express news delivery and you will receive a mail message every time we post a new story!!!


The California State Board of Education adopted the Common Core standards in 2010. Since that time, West Covina has been working to implement them into our classrooms’ curriculum. These core standards establish consistent and clear educational goals for the entire state to help our students be better prepared for college and career.
Our teachers are utilizing Common Core, along with Essential Standards, to teach our students to think critically and master concepts in a building block style. We believe this will enable them to connect learning to real life.


Neurotic people, such as anxious worriers, depressives, and those who have a temper, might not be very healthy, especially when compared to people who demonstrate openness, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. However, researchers at the University of Rochester have shown that neuroticism leads to lower levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a biomarker for inflammation. Inflammation is linked to disease, stroke, asthma, diabetes, arthritis, and some cancers.
The scientists published their findings in the journal Brain, Behavior and Immunity. The study followed 1,054 adults over 5 years.
The researchers examined the way personality traits influence biology, finding that neuroticism was associated with decreased levels of IL-6 and the association grew stronger for patients who scored high for conscientiousness. The 441 subjects who scored moderate to high for these personality traits had lower IL-6 levels than those who were high in only one or the other. They also had lower BMIs and fewer diagnosed chronic health conditions.
The researchers concluded that when accompanied with high levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism may be associated with health benefits. These people are likely to weigh the consequences of their actions and not engage as much in risky behavior. Neuroticism could also translate into hyper-vigilance about healthy living, sending people to quickly seek treatment when they detect health problems.
[via The Atlantic]


It is important to note here that Didymus is actually 2 Asteroids. A smaller and it’s companion whom it orbits. A probe will be sent at 22,500 kph to slam into the smaller of the two asteroids while a second probe looks on. The desired affect is a change in the orbit as the collision will result in releasing an incredible amount of energy and in a change of the small asteroid in direction and speed of spin it is hoped will result in knocking the two, at the very least, off course.
“We” have developed various methods that we thought we would use to save the Earth from Asteroid Impact, but Russia’s recent encounter has made the timetables speed up somewhat. Of course the recent cuts to budgets cross the board might affect NASA and seeing as suddenly everyone realizes the need for NASA, perhaps we could throw them a bone?
IDEAS have been: The ideas have varied from From Nuclear Weapons to Asteroid gravitational trackers to the Ion beam shepard…solar powered sails…Mass driver…rocket engines to nudge the asteroid and so on…
And once we try this out and it works (hopefully) I see one remaining problem. Could we perhaps watch the entire sky? The last figure I saw was 80% - apparently these asteroids are catching us off guard maybe coming from the remaining 20%. I have no doubt NASA is doing a fantastic job with what they have, but I think they should have more so they can do an even better job!
About watching the skies, NEOWISE is an enhancement of the WISE (Wide Infrared Survey Explorer)that joined it in December of 2009. The combined skills of the asteroid & other objects surveyors has resulted in the discovery of thousands more asteroids, a couple hundred NEOs (Near Earth Objects) and at least 100 comets. While that is fantastic, that there was that much we weren’t seeing begs taking another look!
Still, that NASA & the ESA (Europe) & JAXA (Japan) were working on this already just goes to show that while Jupiter may be one of our biggest protectors against asteroids, NASA is a close second!


1. SARS-CoV-2 is more transmissible in households compared to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.
2. Individuals aged over 60 years were the most susceptible to household transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Evidence Rating Level: 2 (Good)
Study Rundown: While the transmissibility of the disease has been extensively modeled at population and individual levels, comparatively little is known about transmissibility within households and with other close contacts. This retrospective cohort study utilized a contact tracing dataset from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 among household and non-household contacts. The study identified a higher secondary attack rate among household contacts at the same residential address as compared to other close contacts. Additionally, older individuals aged over 60 years were at higher risk of household infection compared to younger age groups. This study was limited to only analyzing the patient characteristics and transmission of cases reported to the Guangzhou CDC, limiting generalizability of findings to other health care settings and locations with different quarantine and isolation strategies. Furthermore, infection transmission to asymptomatic carriers could not be reliably quantified due to testing of close contacts occurring only twice at 14 days apart. Overall, this study highlights the importance of testing close contacts of COVID-19 cases to facilitate isolation during the incubation period. For physicians, these findings underline the importance of encouraging mild cases to isolate away from their families to limit transmission within households.
Relevant Reading: Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19
In-Depth [retrospective cohort]: The study population included 195 unrelated close contact groups (215 primary cases, 134 secondary or tertiary cases and 1964 uninfected close contacts) identified from 349 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases reported to the Guangzhou CDC between January 7 and February 18, 2020. A close contact was defined as an individual who had unprotected close contact (within 1m) of a confirmed case within two days of symptom onset. Close contacts were quarantined and followed for 14 days with nasal swabs tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on days 1 and 14. Household contacts were identified either on the basis of residential address or individuals who were family members and close relatives of positive cases.
Assuming a mean incubation period of 5 days and a maximum infectious period of 13 days with no case isolation, the secondary attack rate among household contacts was 12.4% (95% CI 9.8 to 15.4) when defined on the basis of close relatives, and 17.1% (95% CI 13.3 to 21.8) when defined on the basis of residential address. Longer incubation periods were associated with lower secondary attack rates; longer infectious periods were associated with higher secondary attack rates. Secondary attack rates varied from 11.4% (95% CI 9.0 to 14.2) to 18.0% (13.9 to 23.0). Compared to the oldest age group (over 60 years), the risk of household infection was lower in individuals under 20 years (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.46), followed by adults aged 20-59 years (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.97). The estimated local reproductive number (R) was 0.5 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.64) in Guangzhou, with decline in person-to-person transmissibility over time; the projected local R, without isolation and appropriate quarantine efforts was 0.6 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.74).
©2020 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. All rights reserved. No works may be reproduced without expressed written consent from 2 Minute Medicine, Inc. Inquire about licensing here. No article should be construed as medical advice and is not intended as such by the authors or by 2 Minute Medicine, Inc.


Money is the basis of living , even people with lower income degrees could support themselves before the cost of tuition went up drastically. However, when you add student loans in the mix , debt over takes the standard of living. Ellison has heavy focus on this because he wants to highlight a big reason why free tuition can be beneficial for people in the long run. He believes if free tuition was put in place , every college graduate, lower income or higher income, will be able to live within their
Based on my opinion that colleges should be free I will be explaining why it is not free, why it should be free, and how we could make it free here. Why is college not free in the United States? According to Joy Pullmann, managing editor of The Federalist, “In the six years after beginning to attend community college, only twenty-one percent of students graduate with a two-year degree” (Pullmann). She states that making colleges free would increase the amount of people that attend the college, but still not graduate (Pullmann). I do agree that there would be some problems with people only going to college because it is free.
Almost everyone is aware of the fact that over the years, colleges have become more and more costly to attend. They are becoming a financial burden on society and the rising tuition costs are threatening the ability of most students to attend college. The purpose of this persuasive research essay is to persuade the government of United States of America to fund the education of citizens. Over the years, different scholars have researched on this subject and they have discovered different ways to persuade the government in funding the education. According to a statement of Aaron Bady, a journalist, regarding education in various universities, he stated that “Public education should be free.
Every semester, there are an abundant number of students who apply for Pell Grant to assist them with the costs of college. Sometimes, students will not meet the financial criteria because their parent’s income is a bit too high or because of other financial factors that they will not qualify. Thus, it puts a student in a situation where they will take out student loans, that they’ll be paying for many years. Clearly, the result of being someone who has not committed a crime and works to pay for their own education, is the one that pays the ultimate price. Yet, congress wants to financially grant prison inmates a free education, while exemplary citizens are denied.
However, college tuition is not very affordable and is increasing every year. A free college tuition is definitely necessary for students because some are paying for college themselves, the college workload is stressful enough, and scholarships, grants, and financial aid doesn’t cover all costs. College tuition should be free because it would create positive changes for people attending college, universities, and the economy. First, most students are paying for their own tuition themselves because either they want to be independent and do so, or because their parents have made that decision for them. According to Newberry, the average cost a year of undergraduate studies at a private university now tops $21,000.
They also point to the example of Brazil, a country with free college where wealthy students reap a lot of the benefits of tuition-free education at public universities.” We don’t need to be giving more money to the rich we need to be taking money from the rich to start helping out the poor more. Free college would cost a lot of money and the money has to come from somewhere. If America somehow changed and moved to a tuition free college where would we get the money from? Taxes are the number one way to get money from. College Raptor says, “Who gets taxed seems to vary based on who is talking, but it seems certain that the upper echelons of American society will see increased taxes if this passes.
Even with a degree substantial pay is not guaranteed. “hourly wages for young college-educated men in 2000 were $22.75, but that dropped by almost a full dollar to $21.77 by 2010 “ ( Shierholz ). Wages for college graduates are not as high as they use to be. The cost, time, and effort put into college isn’t worth the outcome. Students who spend time in the classroom could be working.
In recent discussions of immigration reform regarding the DREAM (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) Act, a controversial issue has been whether to allow undocumented students to pursue higher education without any specific criteria to qualify, or deny them access to it. On the one hand, some argue that “illegals” take away job opportunities after obtaining a college degree. On the other hand, however, others argue that undocumented students greatly benefit the economy through providing a larger educated workforce. In the words of one of this view’s main proponents, the DREAM Act “rewards motivated, hardworking young adults” for their work rather than grant a free ride to college to illegal immigrant students (Deverall). According
Finally I know the idea of free tuition for community college sounds magical for students and trust me I speak from personal experience. Just to think about not feeling stressed over failing a class that I don’t get right away is great. It is hard for a student to say no to free tuition, but I believe the student should look into what the cost will be in the future and not the present. The have-nots already can get free college, so why pay for the one who can and go into more debt? We will go into large debt and become in more trouble than we already
It’s makes no sense why do I have to work at mcdonalds 30 plus hours a week just to make it? Which is another great reason student athletes deserve some percentage. We bring in billions towards our school, and get none back for our work. If student athletes just gave up the universities would take a huge loss of profits from not having sports. If you don't agree with that statement; you must have not heard about the new extension the NCAA just inked with CBS.
College tuition today is making students feel like the only way they will be successful after college is if they were already wealthy before they started college. Students feel like they are sacrificing their futures by getting a higher education. Instead of going into college with a positive mindset, they worry about how they will be able to pay back their student loans. There are plenty of students who need to take out multiple loans just to pay for one semester of college. The majority of students who have older family members didn’t have to experience the struggle that students have to face when it comes to tuition prices today.
Also, in most recent times the Senate has still not been able to pass any further legislation on the bill or it’s budget. This is significantly troubling, since most state funding being unable to handle the expenses they have today. With this in mind we must reform the Pell grant to not only receive the proper funding it deserves but to decrease its limitations and access to many schools. With this plan the program would become all encompassing and provide stability or every one at most for 4 years. With this the 1.7 million students who are ineligible will now be able to be college students and receive the education they deserve.
EA #2 College Will Take You There For some people, a college education is not viewed as optional, while for others it is nothing but irrelevant. The idea of spending at least two years to earn a post high school degree, may be viewed as a futile obstacle standing in the way of one’s dreams. It is a testing journey, and an expensive road, but it will pay off. A college education is valuable for many walks of life, no matter the financial or social situation. For the dreamers, college will bring them the to the dream.
Sanders also wanted to spike the minimum wage to be $15 in 2020. That might seem good, but it is actually not, a minimum wage of $15 would mean an increase in unemployment because most companies don’t have enough money to support that many workers and it would also mean an increase in everyday items. Most of Sander’s decisions have a great impact across the world and the economy and most of it isn’t going to be approved by the Congress, especially the republicans. The government doesn’t want to waste that much money on the people. Bernie Sanders being the president might mean a lot, but his chances of winning are very slim.
This represents only 38 percent of the cost of the average tuition at a four-year public university ($6,185)… Financial aid poticies at the institutional, state and federal level have failed to acknowledge the need to support transfer students and increase the participation rates for students from lower-income families…” This exemplifies, student and their families are at higher risk of deriving loan and repaying them off, especially lower- income families. In Contrast, The Morrill Act of 1862, which was helpful and reassure that education would be available to people of all social classes. It gave higher education in America, by setting up institutions, which would educate people in professions that were practice at that time. As a result, The Morrill Act changed the look of education and space for growing and changing country and ensured that there would always be money to finance educational services and that it would have continual government support of these institutions. Also, in “The Financial Needs of Community College Students” she notes, “...As college degrees become more and more necessary for success in the work force, it is crucial that we find solutions to this financial aid situation.


One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
1Either of two muscles covering the outer front part of the pelvis on each side and involved in movements of the thigh and hip.
- ‘In one case the iliolumbar was a branch of the obturator, itself a branch of the internal iliac.’
- ‘The obturator may communicate with the femoral vein.’
- ‘The surgeon uses a special hip arthroscopy cannula with cannulated obturators to establish the portals.’
- ‘The lateral femoral circumflex may give rise to an obturator.’
- ‘These branches supply the pectineus, the hip joint, and, by rejoining the obturator, the adductor muscles.’
- 1.1as modifier Relating to the obturator or to the obturator foramen.‘obturator neurectomy’
- ‘The femoral, lateral cutaneous, and obturator nerves exit from the lumbar plexus.’
- ‘Metastatic prostatic and transitional cell carcinomas were present in a single obturator lymph node.’
- ‘The obturator artery is very variable in origin and no embryological explanation has been found.’
- ‘No tumor was detected in the right and left obturator lymph nodes.’
- ‘The obturator nerve is located in the fascia directly under the pubic bone.’
Early 18th century: from medieval Latin, literally ‘obstructor’, from obturare ‘stop up’.
In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.


Malnutrition In Children: Causes, Symptoms & Remedies
Every article that we publish, confirms to stringent guidelines & involves several levels of reviews, both from our Editorial team & Experts. We welcome your suggestions in making this platform more useful for all our users. Write in to us at firstname.lastname@example.org
- What Is Malnutrition?
- Types of Malnutrition in Children
- Causes of Malnutrition in Children
- Signs and Symptoms of Malnutrition in Children
- Diagnosis of Malnutrition in kids
- Effects of Malnutrition in Children
- Treatment of Malnutrition in Kids
- How to Avoid Malnutrition in Kids
- Daily Nutritional Needs of Children
- Can Fussy Eating Make My Child Malnourished?
Good nutrition is essential for the growth of your child, especially during the early years. Nutritious food is vital throughout an individual’s life, but it is most critical from the time of conception till the child is two years of age, since pregnancy and the early years after birth are very critical for the development of the baby’s brain and other vital organs. It is important to have a balanced diet which is rich in nutrients such as vitamins, calcium, iron, fats and carbohydrates to ensure the overall development of the child. This article focusses on what malnutrition in children is, it’s causes, signs, effects, and how parents can prevent or deal with it. Read on to know more.
What Is Malnutrition?
Malnutrition is the condition when your child does not receive essential nutrients, minerals and calories which help in the development of vital organs in adequate quantities. Nutrients are important for your child to lead a disease-free and healthy life. Lack of sufficient nutrition can lead to several disorders, both physical and behavioural. Malnutrition and hunger are not the same, although the two might be associated. Hunger is felt when the stomach is empty, whereas malnutrition is the lack of sufficient nutrients. Malnourished kids can be prone to deficiencies which result in stunted growth and chronic sickness.
Types of Malnutrition in Children
Malnutrition is a cause of serious concern globally, with more children falling prey to malnourishment each year. The effects of malnutrition can be devastating, far-reaching and can cause stunted growth, mental retardation, GI tract infections, anaemia and death. Malnutrition is not only caused due to lack of nutrients; it is also due to excessive intake of the same, and hence a balanced diet is very important for the child to be nourished and healthy.
Different Forms of Malnourishment
Malnutrition is caused by insufficient intake of essential micro-nutrients, and the forms of malnourishment are divided into four categories.
As the name suggests, this is a condition where a child does not grow in weight/height in accordance with the age and remains underweight due to wasting, stunting or both. This form of malnourishment is also known as growth failure malnutrition. While the deficiencies in weight can be corrected if the nutrition needs of the child are improved, correcting deficiency in height is difficult.
Also known as chronic malnutrition, the condition of stunting in the child begins before birth due to poor health of the mother during pregnancy leading to abnormal and disproportionate growth in the child. Stunting happens over a long period of time and hence has long-lasting consequences. The main reasons behind stunting of the baby are poor breastfeeding, an insufficient supply of nutrients to the body and continued infections. Stunting is dangerous because it becomes irreversible after a certain age. It, therefore, becomes very important for pregnant women to ensure proper health during pregnancy and extensive care of the child after birth.
3. Micronutrient Deficiency
Micronutrient deficiency or malnutrition signifies the lack of essential vitamins such as vitamin A, B, C and D in the body along with a shortage of folate, calcium, iodine, zinc and selenium. Micronutrient deficiency is caused by prolonged lack of these nutrients in the body. Each of these nutrients aid in the development and functioning of critical organs in the body and deficiency of the same can lead to poor growth and diseases such as anaemia, poor brain development, impaired thyroid functioning, rickets, weak immunity, nerve degeneration, poor vision and poor bone development.
4. Wasting/Acute Malnutrition
Wasting or acute malnutrition is the situation of sudden and drastic weight loss and leads to three types of clinical malnutrition:
- Kwashiorkor: In this condition, the under-nourished child looks plump because of fluid retention (bilateral pitting oedema) in legs and feet.
- Marasmus: This type of malnutrition occurs when the body fat and tissues degenerate at a drastic rate to compensate for the lack of nutrients in the body. This slows down the activity of the immune system and internal processes in the body.
- Marasmic-Kwashiorkar: This is a mix of both marasmus and kwashiorkor. It is characterised by severe wasting as well as oedema.
Correct diagnosis of a malnourished baby and the identification of malnourishment is important to take necessary measures. It also helps prevent long-lasting and adverse effects of malnourishment.
Causes of Malnutrition in Children
Malnutrition can be caused by a lack of essential nutrients or by excessive consumption of the same. It is important to have a balanced diet in order to maintain sufficient nutrient levels in the body. Following are the causes which can lead to malnutrition in your child.
- Poor Diet: Lack of sufficient food intake can cause deficiency of necessary nutrients resulting in malnourishment of the child. A diet which contains food items that are indigestible and harmful can cause a loss of appetite leading to malnutrition.
- Irregular Diet: Not consuming food at the proper time and regular intervals can lead to indigestion and malnutrition.
- Digestive Disorders: Some children might have digestive disorders such as Crohn’s disease which limits the ability of the body to absorb nutrients even though healthy food is consumed.
- Lack of Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding a newborn is very important as breastmilk supplies important nutrients to the baby, which form the base for the child’s development. Lack of breastfeeding can expose the child to malnourishment.
- Diseases: Children with bodily diseases are prone to malnutrition and require special care and regulated food habits.
- Lack of Physical Activity: Lack of sufficient physical activity can slow down the digestive process leading to malnutrition.
Other causes for malnutrition in children under five years include premature birth, excessive vomiting or diarrhoea, heart defects from birth and other long term diseases.
Signs and Symptoms of Malnutrition in Children
Signs and symptoms of malnutrition in infants and children depend on the kind of nutritional deficiency the child has. Some of the signs and symptoms of malnutrition include:
- Tiredness and fatigue
- Poor immune system increasing susceptibility of infections
- Dry and scaly skin
- Poor, stunted growth
- Bloated stomach
- Longer recovery time from wounds, infections and illness
- Reduced muscle mass
- Slow behavioural and intellectual development
- Impairment in mental function and digestive problems
Diagnosis of Malnutrition in kids
Timely diagnosis of malnutrition is very important in order to prevent life-effecting consequences. Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) is a quick screening tool to identify whether a person is at risk of malnutrition and helps in the detection of malnutrition in elderly persons. In the case of kids, the doctor examines their height and weight and compares it with the ideal weight and height for kids of the same age group.
Diagnostic procedures to determine malnutrition in kids include:
- Measurement Of Mid-Upper Arm Diameter: If the circumference of the mid-upper arm is below 110 mm, it is a clear indication of malnutrition in your child.
- Blood Tests: Specific blood tests such as blood counts, blood glucose, blood protein or albumin levels, and other routine blood tests can diagnose the condition of malnutrition in kids.
- Other tests: Doctors also prescribe other tests such as thyroid function tests, tests to determine levels of calcium, zinc and vitamins, etc. as they help determine the condition of malnutrition in kids.
Effects of Malnutrition in Children
Malnutrition can have long-lasting and devastating effects on children if the condition is not diagnosed and treated in time. Following are the consequences of malnutrition in childhood:
- Stunting: Stunting is one of the long-lasting effects of malnutrition in kids. Malnutrition can restrict a child’s ability to grow normally, restricting the height and weight of the child. Stunted growth can be permanent and irreversible.
- Marasmus: It is a severe protein-energy deficiency that can lead to malnutrition. Marasmus is also known as energy deficiency and is characterised by severe weight loss, thin and papery skin, hair loss and periods of apathy and fatigue.
- Kwashiorkor: Kwashiorkor is also a result of severe protein-energy deficiency. Rashes, water retention, brittle hair and bloated belly are some of the symptoms of this condition. If not treated, this condition can lead to coma and death.
Malnutrition in children can also lead to conditions such as anaemia, weak bones, weak immune system, scurvy or organ failure depending on the nutrient that is deficient.
Treatment of Malnutrition in Kids
In order to treat malnutrition, it is important to identify the root cause first. Once the root cause is established, the doctor will suggest specific changes to the diet plan to include supplements and correct quantities of food items to rectify under or over nourishment. Many of the adverse effects of malnutrition can be rectified and reversed if action is taken in time. Here are some ways malnutrition in kids can be treated.
1. Home Remedies
During the initial stages of malnutrition, proper care and consumption of a balanced and nutrient-rich diet at home will help your child recover from the condition. Some home remedies to recover from malnutrition include:
- Consuming nutritious food at regular intervals.
- Ensuring a balanced diet for your child.
- Following the diet plan suggested by the doctor.
- Drinking more than 1.5 litres of water daily.
Depending on the severity and cause of malnutrition, the doctor will suggest necessary steps to recover from the condition. Some of them are:
- Medication and dietary supplements for the child.
- Usage of feeding tubes for kids who are unable to eat on their own.
- Intensive care and continuous monitoring in case of severely malnourished kids.
How to Avoid Malnutrition in Kids
The most common root cause for malnutrition in kids is insufficient intake of nutrients and lack of exercise. For the prevention of malnutrition in children, parents must:
- Ensure that infants receive enough breast milk.
- Any lactation issues should be treated immediately, or the baby’s meals should be supplemented with formula milk.
- Ensure that the child receives the right balance of nutrients through healthy food intake and dietary supplements.
- Ensure that the child is physically active.
To ensure your child is healthy, you need to include significant nutrients in his diet. Read below to know these nutrients and how you can prevent malnutrition in your child.
Significant Nutrients Needed to Prevent Malnutrition
Your child’s diet must include the following nutrients to prevent malnutrition:
Foods That Can Help Prevent Malnourishment in Children
- Fruits and vegetables
- Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt
- Rice, potato, cereals and other food items with starch.
- Meat, fish, eggs, beans and foods that are rich in proteins
- Fats – oils, nuts, seeds
Now you know the foods you need to include in your child’s diet to prevent malnourishment. Let’s also take a look at the daily nutritional needs to ensure your child gets the right amount of nourishment every day.
Daily Nutritional Needs of Children
Following are the daily nutritional needs of children:
- Two servings each day of fruits and vegetables.
- Four servings of whole grain food such as buckwheat, brown bread or multi-grain bread.
- Three servings of a full glass of milk. Cheese, puddings, curd can be some of the alternatives.
- Two servings of protein-rich food such as eggs, fishes, and lentils.
- Daily supplements of vitamins and minerals as prescribed by the medical consultant.
Can Fussy Eating Make My Child Malnourished?
It is a myth that fussy or picky eaters are more likely to face malnutrition. While fussy eating can be tricky, children generally receive sufficient nutrients even if they are fussy eaters and are not particularly keen on following a diet plan. Your child will receive sufficient nutrients as long as a particular group of food is not neglected completely. Parents should ensure a proper mix of healthy foods and limit the consumption of unhealthy and fast food for their children.
Malnutrition in children can be restricted by following simple diet plans and ensuring that the eating habits of the child are disciplined and monitored by the parents. In case the child suffers from malnourishment, it is important to find the root cause and take immediate corrective actions to avoid long-lasting and irreversible damage to the child.


Caulk is a flexible material used to seal joints and gaps in various surfaces, preventing the penetration of air, water, dust, pests, and noise. It is typically a pliable substance, often made of silicone, latex, or polyurethane, that can be applied with a caulking gun or squeezed from a tube. Once applied, caulk dries and forms a tight seal, providing insulation and protection. Common applications include sealing gaps around windows and doors, filling cracks in walls, and waterproofing bathroom fixtures. Caulk is also used in construction, plumbing, and automotive applications. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and efficiency of buildings and structures.
Physical Properties of Caulk:
Caulk typically exists as a thick, viscous liquid or a malleable paste when it is first applied.
Caulk comes in various colors, including white, clear, beige, and gray, allowing it to blend with different surfaces.
It has a smooth and pliable texture, making it easy to apply and shape.
Once dried, caulk becomes flexible and can accommodate minor movements and vibrations without cracking or breaking.
Caulk adheres well to a variety of surfaces, including wood, metal, glass, ceramics, and plastic.
Caulk is insoluble in water and does not dissolve when exposed to moisture.
Chemical Properties of Caulk:
Caulk typically undergoes a chemical process known as curing or polymerization when it dries. This process involves the cross-linking of molecules, resulting in a more solid and durable material.
Resistance to Environmental Factors:
Caulk is designed to be resistant to environmental factors like moisture, temperature fluctuations, and UV exposure.
Acidic or Alkaline Properties:
Depending on the specific formulation, caulk may have slightly acidic or alkaline properties.
Caulk should be compatible with the materials it is sealing to ensure proper adhesion and long-term effectiveness.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
Some caulk formulations may contain VOCs, which can have implications for indoor air quality and environmental impact.
Flexibility and Elasticity:
The chemical composition of caulk allows it to maintain its flexibility and elasticity even after it has cured, which is crucial for its sealing properties.
Mold and Mildew Resistance:
Some caulks may contain additives or formulations to resist the growth of mold and mildew.
Uses of Caulk
Sealing Gaps and Joints:
Caulk is used to seal gaps and joints in various surfaces, preventing the entry of air, water, dust, pests, and noise. This includes gaps around windows and doors, between baseboards and walls, and in bathroom fixtures.
Caulk is applied around windows and doors to provide an airtight seal, improving energy efficiency and preventing drafts.
It is used in areas prone to water exposure, such as around sinks, bathtubs, showers, and plumbing fixtures, to prevent water infiltration and protect against moisture damage.
Caulk can help reduce the transmission of sound through gaps and joints, providing a more acoustically insulated environment.
Construction and Renovation:
Caulk is used in construction and renovation projects to seal joints in various materials, including wood, concrete, metal, and masonry.
Interior and Exterior Painting:
It is applied to fill gaps and cracks in walls and trim before painting, creating a smooth and finished appearance.
Sealing Roofing and Gutters:
Caulk is used to seal joints and seams in roofing materials, gutters, and downspouts to prevent leaks and water damage.
HVAC Duct Sealing:
Caulk is used to seal joints and seams in HVAC ductwork to improve energy efficiency and prevent air leakage.
Caulk is used in automotive applications to seal joints, seams, and gaps, providing weatherproofing and insulation.
In boats and marine vessels, caulk is used to seal joints, seams, and gaps to prevent water intrusion and protect against corrosion.
Tile and Grout Repairs:
Caulk is used to seal gaps around tiles, tubs, and sinks, providing a waterproof barrier and preventing the growth of mold and mildew.
Fire-rated caulk is used to seal joints in fire-rated walls and floors, providing a fire-resistant barrier.
Industrial and Commercial Applications:
Caulk is used in various industrial settings to seal joints, gaps, and seams in equipment, machinery, and structures.
Caulk is used to seal around electrical outlets and junction boxes to prevent drafts and protect against moisture.
General Maintenance and Repairs:
Caulk is a go-to material for general maintenance and repair tasks, addressing leaks, gaps, and imperfections in a wide range of surfaces.
Silicone is a synthetic polymer composed of silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen atoms. It belongs to a class of materials known as elastomers, which have a rubber-like flexibility and resilience. Unlike natural rubber, silicone is resistant to extremes of temperature, UV radiation, and chemicals. It is known for its non-toxic and inert properties, making it safe for various applications. Silicone is widely used in industries such as automotive, medical, electronics, and construction. It finds applications in sealants, adhesives, lubricants, medical implants, cookware, and various consumer products. Its versatility, durability, and biocompatibility make silicone a valuable material in a wide range of industrial and everyday applications.
Physical Properties of Silicone:
Silicone can exist in various states, including fluids, gels, and solids, depending on its specific formulation and application.
It is highly flexible and has a rubber-like elasticity, allowing it to deform and recover its original shape.
Silicone materials can be translucent or transparent, depending on their composition and processing.
Silicone exhibits excellent resistance to high and low temperatures, remaining stable within a wide temperature range.
It is chemically inert and does not react with most substances, making it compatible with a wide range of materials.
Low Thermal Conductivity:
Silicone is a poor conductor of heat, making it useful for insulation in various applications.
Silicone has good electrical insulating properties, making it suitable for electrical components and applications.
It is generally considered non-toxic and safe for use in medical and food-contact applications.
Chemical Properties of Silicone:
Silicones are composed primarily of silicon (Si), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and hydrogen (H) atoms arranged in various polymer structures.
The main structural feature of silicones is a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, often terminated with organic groups.
Silicones are stable in the presence of most chemicals, acids, and bases, which contributes to their resistance to degradation.
Silicones are generally hydrophobic, meaning they repel water, which is an important property for their waterproofing and sealing applications.
While silicones are relatively inert, they can undergo chemical modification through processes like cross-linking or addition reactions to create specialized silicone materials.
Compatibility with Other Materials:
Silicone is compatible with a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics, and glass, allowing it to be used in diverse applications.
Certain types of silicone can undergo a process called vulcanization, which involves the cross-linking of polymer chains to increase their strength and durability.
Silicone Oils and Fluids:
These are low-viscosity silicone-based substances that are used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and in various industrial applications.
Uses of Silicone
Sealants and Adhesives:
Silicone sealants are used to create a waterproof and airtight seal in construction, plumbing, and automotive applications. Silicone adhesives provide strong bonds in various materials.
Medical Devices and Implants:
Silicone is biocompatible and used in medical applications such as breast implants, catheters, surgical instruments, and prosthetics.
Cookware and Bakeware:
Silicone-based kitchenware like baking molds, spatulas, and oven mitts are popular due to their non-stick properties and resistance to high temperatures.
Silicone is used in gaskets, O-rings, seals, and hoses in vehicles due to its resistance to heat, chemicals, and extreme weather conditions.
Silicone coatings and insulators are used to protect electrical components from moisture, heat, and other environmental factors.
Personal Care Products:
Silicone is found in cosmetics, skincare products, hair care products, and medical adhesives due to its safe and skin-friendly properties.
It is used in the production of phone cases, keyboard covers, and other electronic accessories for its durability and resistance to impact.
Textiles and Apparel:
Silicone coatings can be applied to fabrics for water resistance, wrinkle resistance, and softness in outdoor clothing and sportswear.
- Seal Rings for Food and Beverage Containers:
Silicone rings are used in jars, bottles, and food storage containers to create airtight seals.
Silicone-based lubricants are used in automotive applications to reduce friction, prevent corrosion, and provide protection against moisture.
Sealing and Lubricating in Plumbing:
Silicone-based products are used to seal joints in plumbing and as a lubricant for O-rings and valves.
Construction and Building Materials:
Silicone coatings, sealants, and gaskets are used in building construction for weatherproofing and sealing joints.
Silicone is used in aerospace components due to its resistance to extreme temperatures and high-altitude conditions.
Mold Making and Casting:
Silicone rubber is used to make molds for casting various materials, including resin, wax, and concrete.
Hair Care Products:
Silicone-based serums and conditioners are used to add shine, reduce frizz, and protect hair from heat damage.
Important Differences between Caulk and Silicone
|Basis of Comparison||Caulk||Silicone|
|Composition||Various materials||Contains silicon polymers|
|Flexibility||Less flexible||Highly flexible|
|Application||General sealing||Versatile applications|
|Use in Wet Areas||Less effective||Highly water-resistant|
|Adhesion||Good adhesion||Excellent adhesion|
|Paintability||Paintable||Not easily paintable|
|Temperature Resistance||Limited to moderate temps||Resistant to extreme temps|
|Durability||Less durable||Highly durable|
|Cost||Generally more economical||Higher cost|
|Toxicity||May contain VOCs||Generally non-toxic|
|Cure Time||Shorter curing time||Longer curing time|
|Outdoor Use||Limited outdoor durability||Excellent for outdoor use|
|Specialized Types||Available for specific needs||Various specialized types|
|Application Tools||Can be applied with a putty knife||Requires a caulking gun|
|Surface Compatibility||Compatible with fewer materials||Compatible with various materials|
Important Similarities between Caulk and Silicone
Both caulking and silicone serve as sealants, used to fill gaps, joints, and cracks in various surfaces to prevent the entry of air, water, and other elements.
Both materials have a degree of flexibility once cured, allowing them to accommodate minor movements and vibrations without cracking or breaking.
Both caulking and silicone exhibit a level of water resistance, making them effective in applications where exposure to moisture is a concern.
Both materials adhere well to a variety of surfaces, including wood, metal, glass, ceramics, and plastic.
Indoor and Outdoor Use:
Both caulking and silicone can be used for both indoor and outdoor applications, although some formulations may be specifically designed for outdoor use.
Variety of Formulations:
Both caulking and silicone are available in various formulations, each tailored for specific applications, such as high-temperature, waterproof, or paintable options.
Both materials have a wide range of applications in construction, home improvement, automotive, and various industries.
Both can be applied using tools like caulking guns or putty knives, depending on the specific type and application.
Enhance Energy Efficiency:
Both caulking and silicone can be used to improve energy efficiency by sealing gaps around windows, doors, and other areas where air leakage occurs.
Resistance to Chemicals:
Both materials exhibit a degree of resistance to common household chemicals, making them suitable for use in kitchens and bathrooms.
Disclaimer: This article is provided for informational purposes only, based on publicly available knowledge. It is not a substitute for professional advice, consultation, or medical treatment. Readers are strongly advised to seek guidance from qualified professionals, advisors, or healthcare practitioners for any specific concerns or conditions. The content on intactone.com is presented as general information and is provided “as is,” without any warranties or guarantees. Users assume all risks associated with its use, and we disclaim any liability for any damages that may occur as a result.


Understanding How the IRS Tax Bracket Works
Every year, you have to file your tax returns. What this means is that you calculate your taxable income, which is a certain value. This value reflects how much you earned and how much of that will be taken by the government. How the IRS tax bracket works is that, the more you earn, the more you pay in taxes. That said, there are some variables associated with this as well, including what your status is (single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, qualifying widow(er), or head of household). The tax brackets are expressed as percentages, which are 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, 35%, and 39.6%.
Understanding How the IRS Tax Bracket Works:
Where it gets confusing, however, is that you only pay the higher percentage on the income that you earn above the lower percentage threshold. For instance, 10% is paid by single people who earn up to $9,275. If they earn $9,276, they move into the 15% tax bracket. This does not mean that they pay 15% over their full income, however, but only on that one dollar more. They will continue to pay 10% over the first $9,275. So, if you are a single person in the highest, 35% bracket, which means you earn at least $415,051, you will pay 39.6% on everything above $415,051, 35% on what you earn between $413,351 and $415,050, 33% on what you earn between $190,151 and $413,350, 28% on what you earn between $91,151 and $190,150, 25% on what you earn between $37,651 and $91,150, 15% on what you earn between $9,276 and $37,650, and 10% on anything you earn below $9,275. So yes, you can be in multiple tax brackets at the same time.
Why You Need to Understand How the IRS Tax Bracket Works:
What everybody wants to do is keep as much disposable income as possible, which means not paying too much in taxes. Hence, you must gain a full understanding of the brackets and its benefits because:
- High income earners can make lucrative tax deductions, because of the higher percentages.
- Any tax withheld from your pay is based on the rates and brackets. The IRS provides this information, basing it on what you earn and how many dependents you have. These are "deductions". This means that your employer knows how much money they should withhold to pay for your taxes. But if you claim for fewer dependents, for instance, your taxable income will suddenly rise.
- If you earn "extra" income, you have to pay the higher rate on it. This is why, when April comes around, people often have to pay a bit more on their taxes.
Are taxes confusing? Absolutely. But by gaining an understanding of them, you can also make sure that they work in your favor. Taxes should be paid, as they help the government run all the services that we need. But we also all want to keep as much money as possible in our own pocket.
This site offers information designed for educational purposes only. You should not rely on any information on this site as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, treatment, or as a substitute for, professional counseling care, advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, you should always consult with a physician or other health-care professional.


Phylum MCQ PDF - Topics
Practice Class Aves General Characteristics Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), Class Aves General Characteristics quiz answers PDF to learn phylum online course for phylum classes. Birds: Feathers, Flight Classification and Endothermy Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs), Class Aves General Characteristics quiz questions for online degree programs. "Class Aves General Characteristics MCQ" PDF Book: avian orders, class aves: general characteristics test prep for online colleges that offer certificate programs.
"Paired clavicles fuse ventrally and medially into" MCQ PDF: class aves: general characteristics with choices plumage, synsacrum, furcula, and pygostyle for online degree programs. Learn class aves general characteristics quiz questions for merit scholarship test and certificate programs for online university classes.
MCQ: Paired clavicles fuse ventrally and medially into
MCQ: The gonads are in the abdominal region present next to
MCQ: The class aves have the number of orders
MCQ: The posterior caudal vertebrae are fused to form a structure called
MCQ: The flight muscles are attached to sternum and clavicles and extend to the


New technology makes training easier and more effective.
Training is an essential part of building and maintaining any successful business. Technological advancements have increased the amount and types of knowledge required to perform a task. There is still a need for some traditional skills, but gone are the days when a new employee learned a fixed body of knowledge and applied that knowledge for their entire career.
Sending employees off to training courses used to be the only means by which a business could keep workers up to date. But that too appears to be ending as faster, more efficient, less expensive means of upgrading employees flood the work world.
Technological advancements have made work less demanding but have extended the knowledge base required to complete a task. Employers need to realize that access to information on a “need-to-know” basis is an essential attribute that they must embrace if they wish to survive. Management should take advantage of new methods now available within most industries.
Online training is a starting point. This type of training is much like the old classroom approach where the employee watches and listens to experts explain problems and methods. Like classroom training, however, it assumes a full vessel (instructor) pouring information into an empty vessel (student). This method of instruction, known today as sage on the stage, is teacher-centered instead of student-centered. The sage on the stage method of instruction does not always provide practical or in-depth discussions of issues because there are often too many participants and not enough instructors. In the guide on the side model the instructor draws on the students’ work and life experience and guides them to finding their own solutions. The focus of this model is on the process of problem solving through critical thinking but also fully recognizes the role played by raw knowledge. Unfortunately, unless the instruction takes place in real time, online training does not allow much interaction.
Augmented reality (to be distinguished from virtual reality) was developed in the 80s and 90s for military application. Augmented reality enhances selected environments or aspects of them to enrich perception; it does not create an artificial reality. The need to train astronauts and pilots in real time became cost prohibitive, but replicating reality with computer-generated situations trained individuals to deal with potential issues via simulation. The gaming industry has demonstrated how inexpensive it is for computers to generate information perceptible by all the senses. As such, it will not be long before heads-up displays will incorporate augmented reality to guide workers step by step in real time as they learn how to diagnose and fix a specific problem. New technology will reduce training time.
The implications of this ability to identify a problem and find a solution are that workers no longer need to retrain every time information becomes outdated or obsolete. This technology will enable employees to learn incrementally and advance at their own pace. Incorporating augmented reality hardware within the workplace will reduce training time, encourage younger workers to join your business and increase productivity. The ability to impart knowledge, experience and skill without the expense of transporting individuals to the job site is a massive cost savings and a step to providing the best possible service to clients in a fraction of the time required to send in a team to fix the problem. This is the model of the call centre in India or the Philippines: technology permits remote solutions to technical problems without the need to send someone to the site of the problem. The fact that a remote expert can solve the problem within a short time today means you can operate your business more efficiently and meet tighter deadlines.
Clients want instant fixes to their problems. Employers should consider investing in the new approach to training if they wish to stay in business. Owner-managers should consider the following sequence of a transformation process:
- Examine their existing business model to determine whether there will be a future market for their service or product.
- Phase out services and products that will become obsolete within the foreseeable future.
- Determine how to provide improved services or products for existing customers.
- List the equipment or process that must be replaced or updated and research the appropriate replacements.
- Set a timeline for financing, acquiring and integrating the upgraded equipment/process, training staff and reconfiguring the workplace (if necessary).
- Establish a hands-on training schedule to deal with real issues rather than hypothetical ones presented in a classroom environment. Employees learn faster if they can apply new processes to familiar problems. Once they are up to speed, employees can apply the new knowledge in the existing work environment and expand its application going forward.
- Engage all employees right from the start in the employer’s vision of the business and encourage them to adopt the new skills they will need to prepare them for a future in the organization.
- Promote the expectation that training will increase productivity and personal satisfaction, reduce turnover, and increase job security.
- Investigate external training facilities that provide recognized certificates of achievement through formalized training that emphasizes the need to complete or pass a training program. This approach allows your business to evaluate the results supplied by an independent source and to identify those employees who should be set on a career path and those who exhibit sufficient competence to evolve with current and future changes.
THE FUTURE IS NOW
Owner-managers need to understand the inevitable changes occurring in their business. Perhaps a complete re-think of the business and a five-year plan will be worth the time. Planning and skills development today will build your future business. And, the future is now.
**This blog is for information only and not to be used as tax advice or planning without first seeking professional advice. Information is subject to change without notice.
***This article was originally published in Volume 32, Issue 2 of Business Matters in March 2018. BUSINESS MATTERS deals with a number of complex issues in a concise manner; it is recommended that accounting, legal or other appropriate professional advice should be sought before acting upon any of the information contained therein. Although every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this letter, no individual or organization involved in either the preparation or distribution of this letter accepts any contractual, tortious, or any other form of liability for its contents or for any consequences arising from its use. BUSINESS MATTERS is prepared bimonthly by the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada for the clients of its members. Richard Fulcher, CPA, CA – Author; Patricia Adamson, M.A., M.I.St. – CPA Canada Editor.


Give nature a chance. If we help nature, she will help us in return. Join my five point Campaign to promote zero plastic footprint zones, help revitalize native landscapes, counter habitat fragmentation and suggest alternatives as we rebuild environmentally sensitive areas worldwide.
In partnership with businesses, homeowners/and city planners, let's promote habitat conservation that will help both the insects and the wildlife that depends on them. Indirectly, people will be rewarded with pretty flowers at low cost while restoring biodiversity in a sustainable way. Such habitats will provide health benefits to humans and help mitigate environmental health issues that pose a growing threat to our society.
This campaign can be an engaging team building activity at school and work or a fun family activity at home. We are not looking for fund raising or donations. Let's partner to make the world around us a better place.
My TV Interview on News 12
My Call for Action at Westchester Board of Legislators
My Radio Interview on station WBAI 99.5FM NYC
Mention in LoHud for my Insect exhibit
Encourage businesses and homeowners to leave a part of their yard (say 10%) untouched to create a natural habitat. Soften the look of your yard or park by leaving a strip un-mowed for a natural-looking perimeter. Take a corner patch with leaves spread within a perimeter made of dead tree branches in a not so windy spot which gets four to five hours of sunlight daily.
Ask city planners to build natural landscapes as human landscapes are not good for insects. If the space is a limited or in hardscape features like walkways, use flower pots. Planting in pots means local research—something than can also be fun.
Encourage businesses and homeowners to grow clusters of native plants yielding rainbow colored flowers in the yard or park that provide nectar and host plants for pollinators. Nectar plants alone do not create habitat, pollinators also need host plants to live.
Remove invasive exotic plants so they don’t steal water and nutrition from native plants. Note that pots do not work for all native plants in all places. For example, some native plants have a very deep root system.
Select plants that bloom from Spring to Fall. Where possible, use pollinator friendly plants. Incorporate tall grass, vines and shrubs too. Cut down on mowing and stop over-watering! Cut grass has short roots that make it harder to survive pest attacks, disease and drought. Use ever green shrubs to maintain the garden appearance year round.
When trees die, leave them for the insects, woodpeckers and cavity-nesting birds (and mammals). If the tree might fall on a house or road, take off the limbs or cut the tree short enough not to pose danger.
Take a garden tour to decide what styles and which types of plants appeal to you.
Draw a site plan and keep it simple. Add a water source such as a bird bath or a small pond. Arrange big plants in the back, medium plants in the middle and small plants in the front or around walkways. Start with a limited number of plants that are easy to grow or are ever green. If adding fertilizer, use slow-release fertilizers that make nutrients available to plants for a longer time. They are kinder to the environment and are usually more cost-effective.
This video may give some useful insight.
Give ground cover with rocks or a short wall. Such enclaves will be a welcome retreat providing protection from predators and cover for the young to grow.
Limit the use of pesticides, leaf blowers and lawn mowers. Protect natural ponds/lake habitats critical for insect population.
Follow this plant rating scheme for butterflies.
Consider these Science Projects Ideas
Insect use in potential Human Treatment


New reports suggest that the world's most famous wine growing regions will have to change their growing practices in the coming years to deal with the effects of climate change. Here's what two of the most famous regions are dealing with and what they're doing about it:
1) France's Bordeaux Region: More and more wine growers have turned toward heat resistant grape varietals to combat the changing temperatures in the area. Many industry analysts fear the region will be unable to sustain wine by 2050 with Cabernet and Merlot being the first to go. If the weather gets hotter, the grapes could ripen sooner and become more susceptible to summer droughts.
2) Napa Valley: The famed California region, noted for its wine, now has two conflicting studies about what effects climate change will have on it. A 2006 study suggested the region would quickly become too hot to support the vineyard industry, but a recently released study actually suggested the opposite— that the region would cool as a result of climate change. Wine growers recognize the environment in the valley will change, and have begun to prepare for that eventuality.
That's bad news for the industry as demand for their product reaches new heights. Wine sales to China rose 98 percent in 2010 and will likely grow higher as the country's middle class obtains more disposable income to spend. The world might increasingly rely on China for its wine production; industry experts suggest that China could become the world's largest producer in the next 50 years.


As paper 1, section b pre-1900 poetry anthology ao4 answering the question examiners need to bear in mind the following key points when marking questions based on. Two poems of emily dickinson and mary oliver poetry from anthology how does shakespeare's 'romeo and juliet' link to different poems sense of identity. Home of african voices burning thoughts into ashes drawn up on pages, stages & behind the camera - poetry|prose|drama|essay|photography|interview. Anthology definition is an anthology of american poetry the band will be releasing an anthology of their earlier albums recent examples of anthology from the web. Poetry anthology free essays, term papers and book reports thousands of papers to select from all free.
Moon on the tides aqa gcse poetry anthology analysis and model essays analysis of poems from the aqa gcse poetry anthology moon poetry analysis, essay. Stop writing a poor-quality poetry or poem analysis learn how to cope with it using pre-writing steps, hints, outline sample, and witty topic ideas. An anthology of poetry on climate change carol ann duffy.
Poetry thematic essay thematic essay independent reading independent writing book sample thematic essay: the hunger games create a free website. The shining rock poetry anthology & book review 345 likes the shining rock poetry anthology & book review publishes poems, essays and book reviews of. Aqa gcse poetry: love and relationships will examine each of the 15 poems you are required to study across aqa's love and relationships poetry anthology for gcse. Year 11 poetry aqa relationships cluster year 11 aqa anthology poetry of planning best advice you can get planning an essay is crucial when.
Whether you are writing an essay about a poet or simply quoting a poem or referring to its themes, you may find yourself needing to reference the poem's title. In this essay i will be exploring how the poets expressed their views in a strong and effective way i shall be writing about three poems • base details by. View the wjec gcse english literature qualification, specification, training, past papers and other resources available for teachers and students gweld y cymhwyster. This section covers the basics of how to write about poetry, including why it is done, what you should know, and what you can write about.
Poetry, in a general sense, examples of this fact, if the limits of this essay did not forbid citation the creations of sculpture, painting,. Amazoncom: poetry: a writers' guide and anthology (bloomsbury writers’ guides and anthologies) (9781350020153): amorak huey, w todd kaneko, joe wilkins, sean. In this conversation verified account protected tweets @ suggested users.
Poetry anthology order a copy of our our gcse (9-1) english literature specification has been accredited by ofqual the shakespeare essay question. Since your analysis should make up the bulk of your essay, editor of the norton anthology of poetry, hamilton college 198 college hill road, clinton. The 2018 national poetry competition is now open for entries judged by kei miller, kim moore and mark waldron, the deadline is 31 october 2018.
Unseen poetry preparation anthology 5g simon armitage: a critical essay by ruth padel 6 student essays 51 example 1 example 2 example 3 example 4 example 5. Teaching resources for the wjec eduqas anthology for first teaching in 2015. How to get the best out of the poetry archive whether you have heard poets read live or on the radio, or whether you've never heard a poet read,. How to read a poem use if you are reading poetry written before the twentieth century, learn to use the oxford english dictionary, which can.


Zimbabwe Bordering Countries: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia Regional Maps: Map of Africa, World Map Where is Zimbabwe? Zimbabwe Satellite Image Zimbabwe Information: Zimbabwe is located in southern Africa. Zimbabwe is bordered by Zambia to the north, Botswana to the west, South Africa to the south, and Mozambique to the east.
Belarus Bordering Countries: Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine Regional Maps: Map of Europe, World Map Where is Belarus? Belarus Satellite Image Belarus Information: Belarus is located in eastern Europe. Belarus is bordered by Lithuania and Latvia to the north, Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to the south, and Poland to the west.
Photos of Common Clastic, Chemical, and Organic Sedimentary Rock Types. Article by: Hobart M. King, Ph.D., RPG Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of large (over two-millimeter diameter) angular fragments. The spaces between the large fragments can be filled with a matrix of smaller particles or a mineral cement which binds the rock together.
Google Earth: High Resolution Satellite Images - Worldwide Coverage - Free! Physical Map of Africa The map above reveals the physical landscape of the African Continent. Important mountainous areas are the Ethiopian Highlands of eastern Africa, the Atlas Mountains along the northwestern coast, and the Drakensberg Range along the southeast African coastline.
Virginia Satellite Image - View Cities, Rivers, Lakes & Environment Satellite Images for Neighboring States: Kentucky Maryland North Carolina Tennessee West Virginia This is a Landsat GeoCover 2000 satellite image map of Virginia. Cities, rivers, lakes, mountains and other features shown in this image include: Virginia Cities: Alexandria, VA Arlington, VA Blacksburg, VA Charlottesville, VA Chesapeake, VA Danville, VA Fredericksburg, VA Front Royal, VA Hampton, VA Harrisonburg, VA Leesburg, VA Lynchburg, VA Newport News, VA Norfolk, VA Petersburg, VA Portsmouth, VA Richmond, VA Roanoke, VA Virginia Beach, VA Williamsburg, VA Winchester, VA Virginia Rivers, Lakes, Water Features: Blackwater River Chickahominy River Claytor Lake Gathright Dam James River John H.
By Charles W. Chesterman An introduction to minerals with photos and descriptions designed to aid you in field or at-home study. A comprehensive reference with hundreds of photos. Durable plastic covers. 4" x 7 3/4", 856 pages. Field Guide to Rocks and Minerals Table of Contents Introduction 13 How to Use This Guide 19 Part I: Minerals A Guide to Mineral Identification 25 Visual Key to Minerals 47 Color Plates 52 Green, 1-84 Blue, 85-132 Violet to Pink, 133-174 Red, 175-222 Brown, 223-288 Orange, 289-300 Yellow, 301-354 Colorless, 355-396 White, 397-474 Gray, 475-504 Black, 505-540 Multicolored or Banded, 541-558 Metallic, 559-654 Gemstones, 655-702 263 Descriptive Key to Minerals 281 The Common Minerals of North America 343 Native Elements 345 Sulfides, Arsenides and Tellurides 357 Sulfosalts 383 Simple Oxides 393 Hydroxides 407 Multiple Oxides 415 Halides 425 Carbonates 431 Borates 447 Sulfates 453 Chromates 469 Phosphates, Arsenates, and Vanadates 471 Vanadium Oxysalts 493 Molybdates and Tungstates 495 Silicates 501 Part II: Rocks A Guide to Rock Identification 597 Visual Key to Rocks 615 Key to Rock Classes 618 Color Plates 634 Igneous - Volcanic Rocks, 703-722 Igneous - Plutonic Rocks, 723-746 Sedimentary Rocks, 747-766 Metamorphic Rocks, 767-794 The Common Rocks of North America 681 Igneous - Volcanic Rocks 683 Igneous - Plutonic Rocks 693 Sedimentary Rocks 713 Metamorphic Rocks 731 Part III: Mineral Collecting Tools and Techniques for Collectors 753 Mineral Environments and Associations 759 Part IV: Appendices Glossary 785 Bibliography 799 Rock-Forming Minerals 803 The Chemical Elements 805 Localities 809 Picture Credits 827 Index 831


- Introduction & Course Objectives
- Definition and Causes
- Epilepsy Awareness
- How to treat an Epileptic Seizure
- Triggers & Symptoms
- Medication Awareness for Epilepsy
- Conclude & Follow Up Process
- Course Content
- Intended Audience
- Method of Delivery
- Additional Course Details & Info
- Related Consultancy
This Epilepsy Awareness course may be of interest to those who work as School Management, Teaching Staff, SNAs, parents and any other relevant school staff.
This is a hands on course with instructor presentation for the optimum learning approach.
This Epilepsy Awareness for schools training course is a 2-hour programme, is designed to provide participants with the knowledge, and skills to give School staff or students’ knowledge of Epilepsy. This course will give you an overview of epilepsy. It lists the methods of diagnosis, what a seizure is and how the brain can be affected. It will introduce some possible seizure triggers and describe what to do when someone has a seizure. It will also discuss some of the treatments offered to people with epilepsy and provide practical advice on what you can do if you witness someone having a seizure.
The course is very practical in nature and involves discussion, group work and facilitation.
Awarding Body: Optima Training & Consulting Ltd
National Framework of Qualifications Level: N/a
Certification: Optima Training & Consulting Ltd Certificate of Completion
Minimum age- 18 years old
Minimum English requirements: Leaners must be able to understand and convey the concepts contained in the programme content.
Assessment Details: Class Interaction
Cost Per Person:
The fee is inclusive of all training courseware materials, certificate of completion and 3 months after training support.
Progression Opportunities: Please see related courses
Protection for Enrolled Students: N/A
Should a course not proceed, any payment received will be refunded within 48 hours


Apophis, named after the God of Chaos, could potentially hit Earth in 2068. The potential strike would be equivalent to 880 million tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) exploding at one time.
Astronomer Dave Tholen and his colleagues have confirmed the detection of a small Yarkovsky acceleration on the surface of the asteroid.
The Yarkovsky effect is when an asteroid or celestial body changes its orbit due to small push of heat.
This could happen by either expelling gasses, or the gravitational movement from celestial bodies including the Sun and Earth.
It could cause a slight thermal reaction which could change the asteroid’s path.
Apophis was first spotted on June 19, 2004 by experts at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona.
Astronomers found that the asteroid had sped up when they observed it with the Subaru telescope earlier this year.
According to Mr Tholan, the chances the Apophis will strike Earth in 2068 are one in in 530,000.
Mr Tholan said: “We have known for some time that an impact with Earth is not possible during the 2029 close approach.
“The new observations we obtained with the Subaru telescope earlier this year were good enough to reveal the Yarkovsky acceleration of Apophis, and they show that the asteroid is drifting away from a purely gravitational orbit by about 170 metres per year, which is enough to keep the 2068 impact scenario in play.”
A statement from the University of Hawaii read: “All asteroids need to reradiate as heat the energy they absorb from sunlight in order to maintain thermal equilibrium, a process that slightly changes the orbit of the asteroid.
“Prior to the detection of Yarkovsky acceleration on Apophis, astronomers had concluded that a potential impact with Earth in 2068 was impossible.
“The detection of this effect acting on Apophis means that the 2068 impact scenario is still a possibility.
“Further observations to refine the amplitude of the Yarkovksy effect and how it affects Apophis’ orbit are underway.
“Astronomers will know well before 2068 if there is any chance of an impact.”
The warning comes after Nasa revealed it was devising a mission to a metallic asteroid worth an estimated £7,700 quadrillion ($10,000 quadrillion).
The asteroid, called 16 Psyche, is about 140 miles in diameter and is one of the largest objects in the main asteroid belt orbiting between Mars in Jupiter.
Dr Tracy Becker, a planetary scientist at Southwest Research Institute, said: “We’ve seen meteorites that are mostly metal, but Psyche could be unique in that it might be an asteroid that is totally made of iron and nickel.
“Earth has a metal core, a mantle and crust. It’s possible that as a Psyche protoplanet was forming, it was struck by another object in our solar system and lost its mantle and crust.”
Speaking to Global News in 2017, Lindy Elkins-Tanton, the lead scientist on the Nasa mission and the director of Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration, said:
“Even if we could grab a big metal piece and drag it back here … what would you do?
“Could you kind of sit on it and hide it and control the global resource — kind of like diamonds are controlled corporately — and protect your market?
“What if you decided you were going to bring it back and you were just going to solve the metal resource problems of humankind for all time? This is wild speculation obviously.”
Nasa plans to send a mission to the asteroid in 2022, in order to research how terrestrial planets like Earth first appeared.


“This task force was established in June 2011 to focus attention on the needs of youth in the juvenile justice system, particularly in the areas of suicide-related awareness and education, suicide research, suicide prevention programming and training, and collaboration between the juvenile justice and mental health systems. Below, organized by workgroup, are the resources developed to provide findings, recommendations, and practical tools for juvenile justice and mental health administrators and staff.” These workgroups and related publications are: 1: Public Awareness and Education-“Need to Know: A Fact Sheet Series on Juvenile Suicide” (one each for court judges and staff, juvenile detention and secure care staff, and juvenile probation staff); 2: Suicide Research-“ Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: A Review of the Literature”, and “Screening and Assessment for Suicide Prevention: Tools and Procedures for Risk Identification and Risk Reduction among Juvenile Justice Youth”; 3: Suicide Prevention Programming and Training-“ Guide to Developing and Revising Suicide Prevention Protocols for Youth in Contact with the Juvenile Justice System”; and 4: Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Systems Collaboration-“ Preventing Juvenile Suicide through Improved Collaboration: Strategies for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Agencies (Summary). The “Executive Summary: Preventing Suicide Working With Youth Who Are Justice Involved” is also provided.
Youth in Contact with the Juvenile Justice System Task Force
Notice about external resources
These links are being provided as a convenience and for informational purposes only; they do not constitute an endorsement or an approval by the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) of any of the products, services or opinions of the corporation or organization or individual. NIC bears no responsibility for the accuracy, legality or content of the external site or for that of subsequent links. Contact the external site for answers to questions regarding its content.


A Perfect Storm Awaits Unprepared Graduates
By Phil Jarvis
Four labor force megatrends are converging to create a “perfect storm” in the labor markets in which students must establish their careers. Almost 50 percent of youth are now victims of the perfect storm, exiting education into unemployment or under-employment, often mired in debt, unclear about their employment and career prospects. They begin their careers in minimum wage jobs unrelated to their studies, with little prospect of paying off student loans soon, let alone buying a car and home and beginning a satisfying, fulfilling adult life.
School counselors need to be aware of the perfect storm and provide leadership in their schools to ensure students receive the career development they need to transition from school to success, despite the perfect storm.
The Four Megatrends Causing the Perfect Storm
1. The Great Recession - The global economy and communities across the country are weathering the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. All levels of government are in record debt, endeavoring to balance program and service cuts with economic stimulus. Recovery is slow and faltering, and companies are reluctant to invest in new people.
2. Shifting Demographics - The oldest baby boomer turned 65 in 2012. Many have retired and an annual tsunami of boomers will retire over the next 20 years. This mass exodus from the work world of the most knowledgeable and experienced employees will create new challenges for employers seeking to fill talent voids.
3. Upskilling of Jobs - New technology has rendered many jobs obsolete, enabled robots to replace humans in other jobs, and raised skill requirements in all sectors, while producing new jobs every month. More education and skills are now demanded of workers in all jobs, especially in new and emerging sectors requiring science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) skills. Despite high unemployment and underemployment, employers in most sectors report challenges finding the talent they need to fill “mission-critical” positions.
The economic consequences of unemployment and underemployment are staggering. Lost productivity and reduced competitiveness cost employers dearly. Lost tax revenues, social assistance, corrections, stress-induced health costs alone run into billions of dollars annually. The human consequences are higher. The most effective way for governments to reduce deficits and debt, and for companies to increase productivity and grow, is to get the right people in the right jobs, fully engaged in creating economic prosperity for their companies, communities, and families. Students must be prepared to exit school into appropriate employment.
4. Unprepared Graduates - Today’s students need higher skill levels than any cohort before them. Yet, key 21st century skills employers now insist upon are not in the curriculum in most secondary and post-secondary programs. All job sectors experiencing growth require at least some level of post-secondary certification, yet of 100 students in the 9th grade today, fewer than 25 will graduate on schedule with a post-secondary degree, diploma or certificate.
The portends are clear. Many students risk becoming casualties of the perfect storm. Skilled counselors and exemplary career development programs and services are needed to support students in all grades. Available resources tend to be underutilized because career development is not a priority.
Five “foundation resources” are essential to prepare students to prosper despite the perfect storm. The use of these resources should be overseen by a qualified school counselor.
Experiential career learning programs and activities in kindergarten, primary, middle, secondary, and post-secondary classrooms;
Comprehensive online career exploration and planning systems with comprehensive and locally relevant career, learning, and labor market information;
Compulsory Individual Personal Planning (IPP or ePortfolio) systems with completion standards for all grades set by schools, school districts, and/or departments of education;
Online course planning systems that link students’ IPP to the school’s student information system (SIS) so students, with support from their teachers and parents, can select high school courses and post-secondary programs aligned with well-researched career goals; and
Online systems that connect students, through their IPP, to employers seeking future talent and willing to help prepare students for success in the working world. These connections can result in immediate hires, or work-based learning opportunities including mentoring, coaching, work experience, job shadowing, co-op placements, volunteering, community service, part-time or summer jobs.
In honor of NCDA’s 100th anniversary, Career Cruising sponsored an idea generation process among NCDA leaders. The process culminated in an invitation-only meeting at NCDA’s 2013 Boston conference with NCDA President (then) Rich Feller, President-Elect (then) Lisa Severy, Harvard University’s Pathways to Prosperity Project Leader Bill Symonds, and 30 NCDA leaders from across the U.S. Among over 250 suggestions to help create pathways to prosperity for all students despite the perfect storm the following were rated highest:
We must bring education and business together to create work-based learning opportunities for all students while they are still in school.
We must put career exploration, planning and preparation at the heart of education for all students at all levels.
We must engage all educators, parents, and community partners in a harmonized effort to prepare students to transition from school to success.
Here’s a link to the complete results of the NCDA Thoughtstream process.
Role of the Counselor and Community
The role of school counselors is pivotal. No one recognizes and appreciates the importance of career development more. Counselors need to step out of their comfort zones and provide leadership in mobilizing buy-in and engagement from administrators, teachers, students, parents, employers, and community partners. Without “whole-community” buy-in, use of even the best resources is fragmented and their benefits are less than optimal. Indeed, only a whole-community approach to career development, with the best available resources and lead by career development professionals, will assure a smooth transition for students from school to success, despite the perfect storm.
Phil Jarvis is Director of Global Partnerships at Career Cruising where he supports communities, states and countries implementing “whole-community” career and workforce development solutions. Career Cruising licenses its ccEngage suite of career exploration and planning resources to over 20,000 secondary and post-secondary schools, libraries and employment support centers. As the author of CHOICES, Phil was an early pioneer of computer-based career exploration and planning. He also co-authored the Blueprint for Life/Work Designs, co-created The Real Game Series, and has trained thousands of educators and workforce development personnel. Programs he authored or co-authored have helped millions of students in 15 countries transition from school to success. Mr. Jarvis can be reached at 800 965-8541 Ext. 117 or email@example.com.
Jane Kipke on Wednesday 09/04/2013 at 09:23 PM
Teaching career development, opening a student's awareness to their own talents and exploring interests is so rewarding! However, school counselors today are mired down with character and personal/social issues to a greater extent, according to ASCA's blog. I hope more school counselors will become more knowledgeable of career theory and its steps, and the process of guiding students realize how their interests and abilities will lead them to a successful and rewarding career that benefits their world. Do you think there would be more motivated students and less social problems?
Jane Kipke on Wednesday 09/04/2013 at 10:00 PM
Might I add an additional comment? The article and your website clearly identify the forces leading to the "perfect storm," which has been predicted for many years, but not heeded. What colleges/universities offer (majors) do not translate to an occupation title, and we have known that most jobs will not require a bachelor's degree or above. Along with understanding the process of career development, embracing its value for students and community, it is critical to understand world labor trends - what an interesting and challenging field! By the way, maybe we shouldn't be too excited about Boomer's retiring, therefore more opportunity - most of their jobs will probably be obsolete!
Phil Jarvis on Thursday 09/05/2013 at 08:04 AM
There is a sea of evidence that any help students receive, from counselors, teachers or parents, in imagining the future they want to create and learning about potentially rewarding learning and career pathways results in increased student engagement in school, higher achievement, reduced behavioral issues and more successful transitions from one level of school to another, and from school to career and life. Here's a very comprehensive recent international compilation of the compelling evidence. Despite their constant pleas for evidence, administrators and policy-makers don't seem to be heeding the evidence. Thus, counselors don't have the time, teachers don't think it's their job, and parents don't know how to help.
"Fostering career and college readiness: How career development activities in schools impact on graduation rates and students' life success" (Hooley, Marriott, Sampson)
Please share this link widely.
Lydia Joiner on Sunday 09/15/2013 at 10:11 AM
This is a great article that all school counselors should read as it provides a rationale for including career development opinion your campus' guidance plan.
But, it is increasingly difficult to provide these services as a school counselor. I currently serve a school with over 3,000 students. Our counselors must manage student schedules, transcripts, do lunch duty and hall duty, manage at risk coding, manage CTE coding, monitor grades and attendance, process state assessment, manage 504 cases, and then we can talk with kids about their four year plans. We have access to wonderful programs that can do all the things this article suggests, but it is difficult to meet with your entire caseload (@370) while doing all the activities above.
Also, teachers are reluctant to give us access to the students because they are trying to teach their own curriculum. We do some of these activities using group guidance, but the students really need individual assistance.
Many of the activities that prevent school counselors from seeing individual students could easily be done by a well trained secretary, but administrators are scared to dole out those tasks to others since they tie directly to the school's accountability.
Jeff Weber on Thursday 09/19/2013 at 03:36 PM
Great post Phil. You echo the problem we set out to solve too. Graduates are unprepared, but so are many of today's career centers. The job search process is missing from training and guidance. That needs to be improved.