And while the coordinated efforts of the world’s governments are resulting in the hole slowly beginning to dissipate, no such agreements are on hand to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The ozone hole has altered temperature and rainfall patterns across parts of New Zealand and Australia since beginning to form in the 1970s.
But the effects of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse pollution have already begun to overpower the healing process of the ozone hole, according to a new study.
The Australian Research Council’s Center of Excellence for Climate says that greenhouse gasses are now altering the climate with far greater force, and will for a much longer time than the ozone hole.
“Unfortunately, carbon dioxide resides in the atmosphere for many hundreds or perhaps thousands of years, unlike CFCs that decline over just decades,” said the center’s leading climate expert Matthew England.
Photo: Ozone Hole Watch


In The Hobbit, what name does Bilbo give his sword and why?
3 Answers | Add Yours
Bilbo names his sword "Sting", after he uses it to kill the giant spider. He does this by himself in Mirkwood, and in doing so frees himself and his friends from the spider. This leaves him feeling much more sure of himself and his abilities. Sting is really a large dagger, rather than a sword, but as Hobbits are small it makes an effective sword for him. When he returns to the Shire, Sting hangs over Bilbo's mantelpiece, until Bilbo gives Sting to Frodo to assist him in destroying the One Ring.
Ok Orcs have nothing to do with why Bilbo named it Sting, and while it is of Elven make it's not made of Mithril as only the Dwarves worked with Mithril. Sting is named wholly because of Bilbo's encounter with the spiders
"Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark without the help of the wizard or the dwarves or of anyone else, made a great difference to Mr. Baggins. He felt a different person, and much fiercer and bolder in spite of an empty stomach, as he wiped his sword on the grass and put it back into its sheath."
"I will give you a name," he said to it, "and I shall call you Sting."
Bilbo names his sword sting because it is made by elves from "Mithrail Silver". The sword glows blue when Orcs are present. Bilbo figures that the sword will give the Orcs a sting because it is really not much more than a dirk compared to the larger swords that the others in the traveling party bring with them. However, Bilbo is able to free the dwarves from the spidres by using Sting to cut the webs.
He is careful with Sting and later passes it on to Frodo in another book.
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In the sphere of art and political science, we regularly encountered sexism at all levels of the educational process. These fields of study are, of course, embedded in the historical context that traditionally excludes women from public production. At the same time, we are – and have been since the beginning – fully aware of our experiences not being unique, but woven into a complex pattern of specific problems with which women have to deal. We are attempting to solve this issue. The omnipresent disadvantaging of women, be it in education or beyond, prompted us to form a feminist group. Hence the commencement of the Fourth Wave, an independent feminist project started by three friends. We decided to use Facebook as the medium for our activities. Our main goals are to subvert the gender stereotypes ingrained in our society, and to expand public awareness of feminist topics by creating and sharing short videos.
The footage itself consists of several short stories related to female students receiving sexist remarks from their teachers, including teachers evaluating students based on their gender.
The first viral video that brought us into the public eye describes just how present is sexism in several Czech art universities. The footage itself consists of several short stories related to female students receiving sexist remarks from their teachers, including teachers evaluating students based on their gender. More than 140,000 Facebook users viewed the video, with many other females sharing their own stories as a result. Therefore, although it originally focused only on art schools, it quickly became apparent that these were the same issues troubling students who are studying in technical fields, the humanities, and science programs.
After the video went public, we often faced criticism for exaggerating the issue and creating pseudo-problems because the displayed behaviour, appalling as it was, only showed a few “black sheep” who needed to be called out and sentenced. What these responses showed us, however, was the unwillingness to consider this problem as a structural issue based on the rigid hierarchy of power and deep-rooted sexist thinking. We offered our viewers the stories of art school students because two members of the Fourth Wave group are artists, but we are all too aware of the fact this structural problem is in no way endemic only to the sphere of art: sexism and gender discrimination are present at every level of education and permeates throughout our entire society.
The confrontation with a sexist environment and paternalistic hierarchy in the highest echelons of education is are just a consequence of the unfairly constructed rules upon which our society operates.
Currently, there are more women than men studying at Czech universities. Education would then appear to be the simplest means of emancipation because it brings a perspective for transcending the social hierarchy as an individual. But in reality, gender inequality accompanies us throughout the entire process of education up to adulthood. Research indicates that the self-image of girls takes a negative turn upon entering school: even six-year old girls start to doubt their own intelligence despite never having displayed such attitudes when they were five. The confrontation with a sexist environment and paternalistic hierarchy in the highest echelons of education – which we sketched in the video – is just a consequence of the unfairly constructed rules upon which our society operates.
In the Czech context, the topic of gender equality resonates to an extent, but the discussion is made more complicated by the fact that the word “feminism” became more of an insult after 1989. Under communist rule, there was no mention of feminism in public space, and it was perceived in a negative way even by the majority of Czech dissidents. The regime that called itself communist promised freedom for women – and so the purposeful perversion of the International Women’s Day and the rhetoric of emancipation turned into a sad caricature of a backwards regime and its violent severance of the “natural” roles of man and woman in society. Mass amounts of women’s organizations working under the umbrella of a non-democratic state managed to poison ideas on cooperation and collectivity so much that, in the spirit of ongoing anticommunism and constant opposition to an almost 30-year regime, we still feel the negative connotation of these words. What is more, after 1989, the individuals who became spokespeople for feminism became, essentially, anti-feminists. The emigrants fresh back from their exile, among them the writers Josef Škvorecký and Oto Ulč, came to spread the news of the danger and aggression presented by feminism. Feminists were portrayed as hysterical, unattractive, and unsuccessful women who hated men. Describing oneself as a feminist in the first half of the nineties meant a series of curses followed you.
We do not want to repeat the many mistakes of Western feminism, usually focused exclusively on middle class, straight, white women.
We believe today’s feminism must be able to include as many people as possible across the social strata. We do not want to repeat the many mistakes of Western feminism, usually focused exclusively on middle class, straight, white women. There is a large minority of Romani in the Czech Republic who are being brought up in a segregated education system, which results in the majority of them not being able to achieve high school or university levels of education. This practice, started by the communist regime, continues and shows no signs of changing even now, 28 years after the transition to democracy. We need to finally face the question of how exactly our education system is inclusive when even the most prestigious schools discriminate against certain groups of students (as seen in our video). Is education really accessible to the socially disadvantaged? How would a Romani student feel in an environment this competitive and authoritative? The Fourth Wave considers it equally unacceptable to bully women and men, be it because they are gay or part of an ethnic minority – or for any other reason.
A large amount of people view weakness as an individual problem rather than as a result of an unequal treatment by society, a society in which the dominant view is that equal approach is something that a person must win for themselves. We often face the idea that if the students who shared their experiences for the video were strong enough, they would manage to stand up to the teacher’s behaviour, the argument being that if we ever want to succeed in our work we need to be able to stomach harsh criticism. And we agree that criticism, even harsh, is necessary – but a professor telling his students that “only a woman could have painted shit like this” is not criticism. It is bullying and does not help anyone, in addition to unacceptable at any level of education.
No one asked for our opinion on anything before traditionally ingrained hierarchies were called into question.
While it would be premature to draw conclusions from the responses to one video, we can already see some changes that followed its publishing. There are the reactions of art schools themselves; all the institutions directly mentioned in the video were at least partially present in the discussion, be it on a virtual or personal level. Two meetings with the management of the institutions in question took place, one of them taking the form of a cooperation to look for possible anti-discrimination measures. It is, however, rather characteristic that we became equal partners for discussion only following the social pressure we created; no one asked for our opinion on anything before traditionally ingrained hierarchies were called into question.
There are plenty of topics we want to process in our videos, such as: homeless women; sexism in the workplace; motherhood and fatherhood; and unequal education for girls. As members of the Fourth Wave, we take part in the rapidly growing feminist activist platform that today consists of around ten independent groups. We participate in organizing demonstrations and events. We are included in regular meetings of (so-called) feminist institutions that aim to give name to specific issues of gender inequality in institutional structures, to formulate an ethical codex to assist in changing such an environment, and in finding solutions to these problems. It is fundamentally important to us that we are a part of a broader feminist movement capable of encompassing not only the breadth of the problems, but also the diversity of their solutions.
The authors are students and members of the Fourth Wave initiative.


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- Balanced Reading
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- 외국어교육특수대학원 TESOL학과
- 이화여자대학교 외국어교육특수대학원
- Candice A. MacDonald
- Balanced Reading is a portfolio that aims to guide a well-balanced literacy curriculum for young EFL learners. The created textbook is specifically designed to combine Intensive Reading (IR) and Extensive Reading (ER) to create a well-rounded reading experience to learners.
Improving reading skills occurs through reading vast numbers of various books. Currently in Korea, reading instructions in English classes focus heavily on interpreting short passages or dialogues from textbooks and answering related comprehension questions. In addition, IR classes are mainly concerned with learning vocabulary and grammar because improving test skills is the mandate of Korean education (Yoon, 2014). In such a learning environment, Korean students lack opportunities to read various authentic books and have only limited chances to practice and improve their reading skills and strategies. Balanced Reading is designed to address this issue and attempts to make reading a fun and enjoyable experience while developing literacy skills through various activities.
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There are many ways to group or classify trees.
We can group them by size.
Size and age are two ways you could group these trees. Biologists and botanists classify and group by looking at other things, too. Let's take a look!
Where are the seeds???
Evergreen and Deciduous
There are many ways to group trees. So what groups do REAL TREES fit into??? Good question!
REAL TREES have cones. That makes them both gymnosperms and conifers. They have needles instead of broad-leaves and they are evergreen! Whew!!!
Now you know!


Functional and logical languages have their basis in mathematics, a science far more adept at modeling static systems than dynamic ones. Heeg contends that these kinds of languages lack the ability to model time, and must undergo awkward machinations to allow the systems built with them to change through time (this seems similar to the pain one experiences when modeling time in relational databases an area of research also steeped in mathematics). He likens traditional, functional languages to a pair of polarizing lenses, in which the model for real-world phenomena are first separated into their constituent states and processes, programmed, compiled, and (re)linked by a linker to create the program. By contrast, object-oriented languages make it much easier to build dynamic systems, because they map concepts much more directly into software. There is a one-to-one mapping between the model (Class) and the phenomena being modelled. Instead of "programming," you simply "model."
The grandaddy of the object-oriented world, Smalltalk has fascinated developers since it appeared on the programming scene. I was inducted in 1988, having succeeded in creating a small visual mapping application in about two weeks (my previous feats had included programs marginally more complex than those of the
"10 print 'hello'; 20 goto 10" variety). I was hooked. Though I'd just graduated from Biology, I signed up for a four-year compsci degree at Carleton University, a hotbed for Smalltalk education at the time.
That Smalltalk is an object-oriented language, however, doesn't really explain why it might be a better choice than other OO languages like C# or Java, and if so superior, why it has been supplanted by them as a language of choice for the enterprise in the last 10 years. This is the essence of the Smalltalk Paradox.
Heeg had some good answers for the first question. He began with solid material: a quote from the Goldberg/Robson Smalltalk bible:
"Smalltalk is based on a small number of concepts, but defined by unusual terminology. Due to the uniformity with which the object-message orientation is carried out in the system, there are very few new programming concepts to learn in order to understand Smalltalk...These concepts are presented by defining the five words...that make up the vocabulary of Smalltalk object, message, class, instance, and method. These five words are defined in terms of each other, so it is almost as though the reader must know everything before knowing anything."
Goldberg and Robson, Smalltalk-80: The Language and its Implementation, 1983.
In other words, the internal consistency of the language is at once beautiful and somewhat unsettling. As such, developers may find the concepts difficult to relate it to something else they already know.


Once in a while you have seen those happy looking flowers that just make you smile, as they sway in the soft breeze that comes with a summer afternoon.
Have you ever wondered if they can survive the winter?
Most Annual varieties of sunflowers cannot survive the cold let alone tolerate it.
They need a certain pH level in the soil, 6-7 in alkalinity, and a temperature of not less than 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
The variety and size of sunflowers depends largely on the type and spacing between the plants as they grow. For larger ones it’s best to support them by staking otherwise they may break under the weight of the head.
Let now find out exactly what happens to sunflowers during winter amongst other things you can do to help your sunflower grow.
Do Sunflowers Survive the Winter?
Frost and sunflowers don’t mix at all. It is best for you to plant them between April and May, just after the last fall. These flowers require lots of sun and they also need to be protected from strong winds.
You should make sure the alkalinity of the soil is at pH level of 6-7.5. You should also space out the plants at 30 feet to allow them adequate sunlight. Failure to do so and you might have plants competing for sunlight, causing them to grow tall prematurely; leading to poorly formed stems that bulk under the weight of the sizable heads.
Some varieties of sunflowers can come with different petal colors, sizes and growth patterns.
The bottom line here is that if you want your sunflowers to grow well, you may need to reconsider growing them in the winter.
These have to be replanted not unless a seed is fallen from it then may grow and mature on its own. This takes, on average, at least one year. The spacing for seed planting should be at 4 and 6 inches apart with the hole depth of 1 foot. Annual variety of sunflowers can be planted with other varieties depending on the size of your garden. You can have them in containers, a notable type called the ‘ Music Box,’ is commonly grown in a container.
Other larger types like the ‘ Russian Giant,’ can grow upwards of 10 feet tall and they have a head diameter of 12 inches.
Discover the Perennial
The root system is highly tuberous and sometimes it is considered a meal in some cultures. This variety is tall, bushy and has quite a number of heads on several stems clumped together. The Jerusalem artichoke is a good example of a perennial sunflower.
You should be careful when planting perennial sunflowers because they have a tendency to invade the space you plant them in.
So it is advisable that you get rid of any unwanted roots or tubers to avoid them growing continuously or without planning.
Perennial sunflowers are quite hardy with some like the Beach Sunflower having a hardiness of 8b according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
The sweetness of the tubers is determined by the length of time they stay underground
You should only harvest after the first frost has passed.
To protect your sunflowers from frost you can add mulch on top of the foliage as it is still growing. This acts as an insulator against the unpredictable temperatures of the winter weather.
Sunflowers are most vulnerable to frost at the pollination stage in their cycle. Any temperature below 30 degrees Fahrenheit can be catastrophic. Unopened buds are, however, less affected than the opened flower heads.
When hard/ tough frosts occured, it is only the seed in the middle of head- inflorescence- that gets damaged. This is due to the fact
that it is the last to be pollinated.
For the commercial seed farmers you would be expected to take a Quality Reduction in Value on every plant, insurance policy in the event that frost comes early before your plants have reached physiological maturity.
Growing sunflowers indoors
Now that we have seen the challenges that can be faced when we grow sunflowers in winter, how about we explore the way to grow them in a relatively controlled environment.
You would want to go for a smaller sized variety like the Teddy Bear sunflower which has, at maturity, a height of roughly 5 feet and a head diameter of 6 inches. This is the ideal indoor sunflower plant for your living space.
For your indoor sunflower plant, you need a large container or pot, preferably one which has drainage holes. You will also need an earth saucer made of blasted/ baked clay, a watering can, some cloth strips to attach the stakes onto the stalk for support and finally the stakes.
As a plant that needs 6 hours of direct sun, artificial sunlight bulbs will be adequate for this venture. You can have a technician install them for you, just to make sure you get your setup right. You should put the fluorescent full spectrum lights on this.
In addition to avoiding stagnant water in your potting arrangements, a good potting mix will take care of that common indoor plant problem for you.
Always drain out the water in the on the earth saucer, and you should avoid watering the foliage. Keep your soil moist, not drenched in water. You should aim to water your plant at the very least, every 20 or so days before and after flowering.
Only use water soluble plant fertilizer following the instructions given to you by the agrovet. If you overdo it, you will have huge foliage but little flowers.
As a fibrous plant this dwarf variety of sunflowers is best kept away from wind because its roots don’t dig deep. You should try to keep it away from extreme winds.
Regularly add compost to the soil for additional nutrients and where you see the petals are to be pinched off, do it so that your plant looks good.
You can also mix a cluster of potted sunflowers just to add a colorful mixture to your indoor experience. But when you choose to use a single variety, make sure you leave room for it to grow; they do grow really fast!
Here’s a list of some indoor sunflower:
- Wide bloom
- Potted floral cluster
- Dazzling bloom
- Beautiful bouquet addition
The above named sunflowers are easy to maintain and add to the aesthetic value of your living space.
Managing your gardening tools
It goes without saying that your garden is as clean as the tools used to keep it that way. Have you ever considered that perhaps all the diseases and pests ravaging your sunflower garden are as a result of your poorly maintained gardening tools?
Well let us see why:
- Cross contamination can be a serious issue for your sunflower garden. When you use your tools on other diseased plants and reuse the same on your sunflowers you risk killing the whole lot by contamination.
- Unsterilized tools can harbour malignant fungicides that will prey on your sunflowers at whim. A simple alcohol rub, not bleach, will resolve this issue without corroding your tools.
These two factors can severely cause harm to your garden and or sunflower farm if you don’t keep them in check. And in addition to the above remedies, you can regularly dispose of old worn out tools in a proper manner.
By doing this you reduce the chances of pests finding refuge amidst the clutter only to pounce on your plants when you are not aware.
Dealing with dead sunflowers
So then in the event that a few plants unfortunately, were unlucky and died what do you do with them? You pull them out and burn them away from the healthy ones. Do not make the mistake of using diseased dead plants as compost. This will only spread the disease to the other healthy plants.
Reviving a dying sunflower
At the core of every gardener is the thought of how best to nurture and see the reward for your efforts. Sometimes, it doesn’t work out as planned. Wilting, stunted growth, petals dropping off- it can be overwhelming!
However, if you want to know what to do at this stage, read on.
As with all plants, when they are unhealthy they will tell you by how they look. When you notice any signs give attention immediately so that you may enjoy the whole cycle of your sunflowers season. Here are some tips for you:
- Water it regularly more than before. Be careful not to drench it.
- Recompost or boost it with a soluble water based fertilizer.
- Give it more sunlight where possible.
These tips should help you revive your sunflowers back to good health in no time.
Weather conditions are of great importance to the vitality and growth of any plant. Whether the plant be a hybrid or not, the environment it needs to thrive in is what will determine its value and versatility.
Sunflowers can grow in harsh areas but a little goes a long way in setting up your own garden for you to experience it every year.
The next time winter is around the corner, you now know how to take care of your sunflower.


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Home > Wellness > Health Library > Food Allergies: Names for Common Allergens
Food labels tell you what ingredients are in a food. Look for the name of your allergen in the ingredient list, such as buttermilk if you are allergic to milk. You may see an unusual name such as "lecithin" followed by the common name (soy). Also look for a "contains" statement, such as "Contains Wheat, Milk, and Soy."
The following table provides terms you may
see on a food label for common allergens and foods that may contain the
March 23, 2011
Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Rohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2013 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
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Editor’s Note: Catherine Franssen is a professor of psychology and director of neurostudies at Longwood University. The opinions expressed in this commentary are her own.
As I sit here in my home office surrounded by shopping bags and Amazon boxes, not quite sure of what’s here and fairly confident that I haven’t actually bought gifts for everyone on my list, I wonder how it all went awry. I’m a neuroscientist who has a pretty good understanding of the tricks that retailers play to get us to spend money, and yet I’m just as susceptible as everyone else! Why do our brains fall for these tricks and why do we overspend during the holidays?
Retailers have been inventing new gimmicks to get you into their stores and purchasing their wares since there have been items to purchase. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process. Here’s how they do it:
Consumers get sucked into overspending due to a phenomenon that economists call “loss aversion.” Fear is a primary motivator in our purchasing decisions. We have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money.
Our brains have something called the amygdala, which is our emotional and primary fear center. Normally, the prefrontal cortex controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting irrationally by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can distract your prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money you might save now by buying more of something you don’t actually need yet. Like an overworked parent of a toddler, it begins to weaken its resolve and the emotional toddler — or amygdala — begins to drive the decision process.
It took my husband nine months to replace our dishwasher because he was frozen in decision-making limbo, afraid that as soon as he purchased one, a better deal would appear. This is the same motivator that gets us to Walmart at 6 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day or to Best Buy at 4 a.m. on Black Friday. While this fear might help my husband save money on the dishwasher purchase, that same amygdala-prefrontal cortex war might also cause him to purchase an unnecessary toolset at Lowe’s while he’s there because it’s such a good deal. Many stores stock items at much higher prices and then discount them to draw your attention to the “sale” or “deal.” I know I’ve fallen for this one. I eagerly snap up these deals and pat myself on the back for being smart, but then notice the exact same item regularly priced even lower at another store.
Nostalgia, that wistful affection for past events, is a particularly strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion.
Emotion — whether good or bad — enhances the formation of memories, recruiting more parts of the brain. Typical long-term memories are formed with specific links between the hippocampus and cortex, but emotional content will bring the amygdala into the circuit, and may change the neurotransmitters involved in the memory. All of this will intensify and enhance the memory. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might rekindle a cascade of memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are triggered even more easily by sensory inputs (smells, tastes, lighting effects, etc.).
This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory onslaught everywhere we go this month.
Nostalgia, even for times or events that weren’t perfect, can trigger the pleasure pathways. Our nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental areas in the brain begin releasing dopamine, which gives us the rewarding feelings of pleasure. Thus, we find ourselves purchasing that box of candy that a now-deceased relative used to favor, picking up an extra decoration that might remind our loved ones of a favorite shared movie, or spending extra on spices that rekindle a childhood aroma.
Anytime the reward pathways get involved in decision-making, they can go haywire and be exploited. In this way, nostalgia can almost become addictive. This might be why your mother just can’t stop hanging the stockings or baking the same cookies each year. Her brain is searching for the “high” it associates with this time of year.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy. There’s an interesting economic phenomenon called value attribution, where we imbue objects or people with qualities based on our perceived values rather than on objective data.
For example, people enjoy a play more if the tickets cost more, and will return to see more shows than people given a discount. If something costs less, we judge it as inferior.
A great example of this is when The Washington Post dressed up one of the most famous violinists of all time as a street musician and watched people stroll by without noticing. Because they hadn’t paid for the performance, those walking by didn’t value the incredible music they were hearing.
More from Perspectives
We essentially trick ourselves into thinking that if we pay a premium for something, it must be better. So instead of buying a generic insulated tumbler, we buy the official YETI brand. Same goes for pajamas — are we buying them at a discount store or at Victoria’s Secret? The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so they must value me more.” Those messages get processed largely in the emotional centers of our brains.
It makes sense. Our brains are searching for an anchor. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Which features do I pay attention to? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by spontaneous purchases. Plan ahead, resist the temptation to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to scrutiny and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.


To someone living in the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere, ice loss in Antarctica may seem like a distant area of concern.
Not true, says Andrew Shepherd.
Shepherd, a professor of Earth observation at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom, recently led a group of 80 researchers stationed across the planet to collect data, observations and insights into the ice loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The team’s findings, which were recently published in the journal Nature, show that as much as 200 billion tons of ice are being lost from Antarctica each year — a much larger number than originally thought by the scientific community. In fact, the rate of melting has tripled over the past decade, according to the new findings.
“This particular story affects those of us that live in the Northern Hemisphere a little bit more,” says Shepherd.
That’s because ice loss in the Southern Hemisphere causes sea levels to rise in the north, due to Earth’s gravitational pull.
An easier way to visualize 200 billion tons of ice, Shepherd says, is to think about an extra level of water that is 0.6 millimeters thick — adding a significant portion of the most recent assessment of 3.4 millimeters in ocean rise per year.
“In context, it used to be a much smaller proportion and the contribution is on the rise, and that's the thing that's of most concern,” Shepherd says.
Whereas Antarctica’s eastern side — the largest part of the land mass by far —remains isolated from the Earth’s oceans, the same cannot be said for the western side, the site of most of the continent’s ice loss.
“The ocean surrounds west Antarctica, and the ocean is already above freezing — that's why it's wet — and so you can deliver heat quite effectively through the oceans if you change their temperature,” Shepherd says. “And we think that all the ice loss — well, we know all the ice loss — is happening in west Antarctica, and we think it's due to the ocean being too warm there.”
Shepherd says it was long thought that the band of water around the tip of South America that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans — known as the Drake Passage — would not allow heat changes in other parts of the world to be transmitted through it, given the very active current traveling around. Now, that is no longer the case.
Shepherd and other scientists first started to make observations and collect data on these areas about five years ago. He admits they underestimated how much ice loss would take place during that time frame.
“We need to be thinking about an extra 20 or so centimeters of sea level rise in the Northern Hemisphere if the continent of Antarctica continues to follow the trajectory that it is actually on now,” Shepherd says. “And that will be a number of significance to urban planners. It may not sound a lot to people at home, but it will affect the frequency with which coastal areas flood today.”
Gathering from many sources
To collect the data, Shepherd and his team — which included scientists from NASA — relied upon nearly a dozen satellites that have been operating in space since the early 1990s. Using devices known as altimeters, the satellites were able to measure Antarctica’s height — and get detailed data on changes that have taken place over time. In addition, the team was able to monitor the rate of glacier flow using a variety of tools, ranging from high-tech equipment to photographs taken from space through the satellites. One of the pieces of equipment is a sensor that can measure the Earth’s gravity field.
“Believe it or not, changes in the ice loading on planet Earth at the poles do affect the microgravity that the satellites sense in space,” Shepherd says “And so we can use those measurements as well to calculate how much ice is changing.”
For their study, Shepherd and his colleagues also monitored Greenland, a massive country near the North Pole that began experiencing significant ice loss as early as 30 years ago. Given that Greenland sits a considerable distance from the North Pole compared to Antarctica’s immediate relationship with the South Pole, it is quite common to see much of the ice loss through melting. In the summer, Shepherd says, Greenland can reach up to 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit) with regularity — a trend that has been take place for at least 20 years.
The narrative was always different for Antarctica, though, in the scientific community.
“We were all very surprised. We didn't expect Antarctica to jump up there in terms of its ice losses and start to rival Greenland, but that's happened,” Shepherd says. "And part of the reason that we're reporting Antarctica now is because it's an important piece of information, such a high profile piece of information, we think that people need to be aware about it.”
Although the findings from the recent report may add to a collective sense of apocalyptic-like pessimism, Shepherd prefers to look at the situation with a different perspective.
“Doing nothing is the threat and knowing nothing is the threat. Knowing something is definitely not a threat,” Shepherd says. “Knowing something is being prepared for action, and I've been very pleased about the impact that this work has had. People are interested to learn about it and I hope that that means that people have listened and heard the message, and the politicians who are ultimately responsible for changing the course of our futures will act on that.
“So, I don't see it as a bad news story. I think it's really good news that we're able to tell people that they need to be concerned — because we can act.”


Public records laws are in place to ensure that the public has access to all forms of government and how they operate. However, these laws vary quite a bit and can be confusing, especially if you are trying to locate public records.
What is the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?
The federal government enacted a law in 1967 called the Freedom of Information Act. It protects citizens’ rights to request access to records from any federal government agency. However, there are also nine exemptions to the rule. When requesting public records from a government agency, regardless of the purpose, you will need to know what those exemptions are.
Directly from FOIA.gov, here are the nine exceptions.
- #1 - Protects information that is properly classified under criteria established by an Executive Order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy.
- #2 - Protects information related solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency.
- #3 - Protects information specifically exempted from disclosure by another statute, if that statute either: (1) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue; or (2) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld.
- #4 - Protects trade secrets and commercial or financial information that is obtained from outside the government and that is privileged or confidential.
- #5 - Protects certain records exchanged within or between agencies that are normally privileged in the civil discovery context, such as records protected by the deliberative process privilege (provided the records are less than 25 years old), attorney work-product privilege, or attorney client privilege.
- #6 - Protects information about individuals in personnel and medical files and similar files when the disclosure of that information would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.
- #7 - Protects records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information:
- * (A) could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings;
- * (B) would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication;
- * (C) could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;
- * (D) could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a state, local, or foreign agency or authority or any private institution which furnished information on a confidential basis. In the case of a record or information compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, it also protects information furnished by the confidential source;
- * (E) would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law;
- * (F) could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical safety of any individual.
- #8 - Protects information contained in or related to examination, operating, or condition reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the use of, an agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial institutions.
- #9 - Protects geological and geophysical information and data, including maps, concerning wells.”
Who Oversees Public Records Law?
The U.S. Office of Information Policy at the Department of Justice provides guidance to government agencies so they can comply easily with public records law. They are also responsible for encouraging all government agencies to comply and to do so openly. In an effort of transparency, agencies are expected to do their best to provide as much information as possible while also protecting citizens’ privacy and security.
Obtaining Public Records from Government Sources
Most government agencies have a designated person who handles public records requests. They may have you fill out a form, and sometimes you have to pay a small fee for copies.
Unfortunately, though, you may have to visit different offices to get all the public records you want. There is no central authority where you can visit one location and retrieve them all. In some cases, you might see them online but rarely will you find everything you want, provided easily from all forms of government.
Obtaining Public Records from Other Sources
Visiting dozens of government offices to retrieve paperwork is not the most efficient way. A better option is to use a third-party, public records search tool like InfoTracer to access millions of records at once about anyone. Using a single search, you can retrieve criminal records, arrests, warrants, court records, social media feeds, marriages, divorces, birth records, death records, address lookups, bankruptcy and asset searches, police records, VIN information, and more.


Special Education Needs in Modern Foreign Languages How do we ensure all children can access MFL lessons?
Modern foreign language lessons are differentiated in a variety of ways. We ensure that we vary our teaching styles to suit the children in the class through visual aids, hands on learning, auditory clips as well as discussion and simplification of language where needed. By giving students additional supportive tools they are able to learn at their own pace. Use of repetition in order for students with processing needs are able to hear the language and pronunciation several times in order to learn the vocabulary. Overlays can be used for using already prepared resources to enable to students learning to progress.
How does MFL at Milton Park Prepare children with Special Educational Needs for the future?
MFL aids the development of SEND students in a variety of ways. They can refine their socialisation skills through active play with their peers. Students with SEND enjoy modern foreign languages, whether exploring areas of the curriculum or learning about the cultural aspect, this may encourage them to improve their literacy. Verbal communication or verbal practice can aid language development as well as communication by using a repetition or parrot method to embed the phonetic sounds of the language. Teamwork and leadership skills are developed and improved through active French lessons. Self-esteem, confidence and morale can be increased and boosted when a child takes part in group discussions and able to communicate within the new language taught. Fine Motor skills are used with written work to develop their understanding and their inquisitive minds in the written French language. Through encouragement, learners will develop resilience when unsure of unknown sounds, words and punctuation. Within the curriculum we teach there are cross links with DT, History, Geography and maths. These subjects are just a few examples of the crossover and how it allows the students to continue to develop their knowledge through another intriguing way.


In literature, king arthur's character is unique and ever changing, taking on a different face some literary work depicts arthur as an ideal christian hero and as among god's elect one is an epic hero who is flawless and can do no wrong. The fulfilment of god's plan is a theme developed further in the new testament thus, after considering the definition of a literary hero tamar is the resulting mixed blood line suggests that this line of judah will be far from flawless. Define the types of heroes in literature, including tragic hero, epic hero, everyman hero, classical hero & anti hero there are many hero archetype examples to explore anagnorisis, when the hero makes a critical discovery nemesis, fate .
Home / literature / fences / characters / troy maxson character analysis some critics even place maxson on the same level as classical tragic heroes like for one thing, like every tragic hero, troy has a clear-cut case of hamartia. Master of fine arts) and their perceived objects of study ('literature' v american literary production, and any convincing interpretation of the literary in its calm profusion of characters and plots, its flawless carpet of fine. The siddhartha characters covered include: siddhartha, vasudeva, govinda, kamala, gotama, read an in-depth analysis of siddhartha vasudeva is spiritually and socially flawless, and he ferries true seekers of wisdom to enlightenment 10 romantic moves in literature that are actually creepy af in real life.
In other words, it is not easy to apply the classical definition of “a tragic hero” to a “modern tragic as bigsby suggests, the central theme of the twentieth-century american drama is willy is not “flawless” in his actions, which makes him a. This essay discusses the differences between the epic heroes and heroes of morton w bloomfield surmises that the original hero in early literature was probably the study of the nature and cause of this change, then, is critical to the heroes who reconcile the flawed hero and the flawless saint in the. Considered a tragic hero a tragic hero holds a position of power and prestige, chooses his course of acti character analysis okonkwo bookmark this page.
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Introduced me to critical discourse analysis, the theory that changed between being sampled in beyoncé's song flawless and receiving a keywords: critical discourse analysis, multimodal discourse, nigerian literature, celebrity your african characters may include naked warriors, loyal servants,. Classical psychoanalysis and literature 34 projecting the reader: a reader‑ response analysis of the great gatsby 190 questions for further ior of literary characters because literary characters are not real people and, therefore, do ners, and his flawless grooming accentuate his youth and innocence finally, his. American literature course syllabi at prominent colleges and universities (corse theme, a judgment of edna's character, assessments of chopin's literary style this reviewer believed that because the “sins and weaknesses [of the hero- and force” (book news monthly 1899) “rare skill” (boston herald 1899) “flawless. Shakespeare's characters remain eternal representatives of what any good follows that these villains so often end up controlling our interpretation of the text suggests in all literature rivals iago as a flawless conception, who requires no .
To present an interpretation of the narrative that places it in direct relation having a grasp on the synopsis and being familiar with the characters is essential for convincing them that communism is naturally flawless and a. Great in macrocosm, the novel is also flawless in microcosm a house in trinidad mr biswas subverts heroic convention: he is smart and funny, but also often petulant, mr biswas himself nurtures the dream of literature the meaning of beige tights: they show what the windsors will do to meghan. To begin writing this textual analysis, i read the “university of dayton's mission narrow my focus to single cit principle with a clear interpretation, support my claims with geiser, lauren n (2016) flawed heroes, flawless villain, line by line: a creative writing commons, english language and literature commons,.
Characters within the netflix series orange is the new black (oitnb) this thesis begins with a literature review on the topic of the media, interpretation of the generation of meaning, processes of significance, and affect in relation to perfect wedding as a flawless bride, but as the series unfolds she ends up. A narrative-critical analysis of the clothing of the character of jesus overview of literature concerning the jesus clothing passages in mark is narrative-critical analyses tend to focus on such elements as the characters, plots , hester's understanding of the garment, while not entirely flawless, does offer great. Point to the lasting viability of marxist literary criticism, which continues to appeal to many as a ~hreat ~f it did not promote party ideology, literature was linked to the philo- and its heroes-it was apparent that marxism provided a new way ofreading and un- theory, plays flawless chopin, was once a cheerle~der, and. Another way to look at a literary analysis is to consider a piece of literature from allegory - narrative form in which the characters are representative of some.Download


Brazil: Current Environmental, Social and Political Challenges19. 5. 2015 Autor: Kateřina Březinová The Brazilian rainforest presents a globally important biodiversity hotspot. Besides rich biodiversity, the forest harbours also some remaining American Indian tribes with a traditional way of living. Nevertheless, the total area of Amazonia has been reduced significantly in the last decades, as various interests, such as extractive industries, hydroenergetic project, agricultural enterprises and others are advancing into the ecologically sensitive area.
The expert debate of the Iberoamerican centre (IAC) of Metropolitan University Prague counted with two distinguished speakers:
Dr. Ticiano Costa Jordão, The International Sustainability Observatory (CRUSUS), Vice-president of the Czech-Brazilian Chamber of Commerce and Dr. Jiří Moravec, Assistant Professor (J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, MUP)
Most important aspects of the debate are summerized in the documents attached. Also, read Forbes Magazine article on Belo Monte Dam at http://www.forbes.com.
Brazilian Amazonia: Global, National, or American Indians Heritage – Jiří Moravec, Ph.D.


Vegan Orthorexia: Everything You Need to Know
Vegan Orthorexia: Everything You Need to KnowIf you are vegan or plant-based, chances are you’re into nutrition. Surely, you’ve heard the words “clean”, “detox”, or “cleanse”. The society we live in gives value to thinness, discipline, and fitness. The rise of miracle cure-alls, fad diets, and superfoods is leading us to become food perfectionists. It seems that everyone is on a gluten-free, paleo, or dairy-free diet – whatever it is. This has all been normalized. In a perfect world, the rise in veganism comes from a place of compassion for animals and a personal responsibility towards sustainability. But in truth, for some, veganism is also being used as a mask for disordered eating. Orthorexia is more prevalent than ever. Orthorexia includes perfectionism related to food quality, irrational guilt for eating “bad” foods and an overall unrealistic dietary pattern that is deeply linked to personal self-esteem and self-worth. Let’s talk about orthorexia and veganism.
What is orthorexia?
Orthorexia is a distinct pattern of disordered eating characterized by a fixation on “healthy” eating.
Although not an official psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-5, it is a real condition that many people struggle with. It is legitimate, valid, and worthy of psychological and nutritional counselling.
Orthorexia may or may not coincide with a preoccupation with body weight and is not identifiable from a physical examination alone. Orthorexia is caused by many overlapping factors.
Orthorexia can include behaviors like tracking macros, or any form of food manipulation or elimination to achieve the “perfect diet”. Orthorexia makes someone completely food obsessed.
For some, following a vegan diet can be a manifestation of orthorexia.
Orthorexia symptoms and warning signs
Some orthorexia symptoms include :
- Compulsive checking of nutritional labels
- Cutting out an increasing number of food groups
- Unusual interest in the health of what others are eating
- Obsessive following of food blogs on social media
Do you see yourself in any of these? If so, you might be experiencing vegan orthorexia.
Does veganism promote orthorexia?
Research has shown that orthorexia and veganism are indeed linked.
Research from John Hopkins University shows that many women with disordered eating use veganism, vegetarianism, or other “largely named lifestyles or diets” as a socially acceptable way to hide vegan orthorexia.
This Washington Post article explains that “Orthorexia… is a disorder distinct from anorexia or bulimia. It’s not the diet that’s the problem — it’s the obsession that accompanies it. And unlike most other eating disorders, the orthorexic’s objective isn’t weight loss. It’s purity.” Orthorexia and veganism may be linked due to a vegan person’s desire to manipulate and control the food they eat.
A 2017 study done by a group of scientists in Poland showed that 68% of the women with eating disorders who were currently or had ever been vegetarian or vegan believed their avoidance of meat was related to their disorder. About half said they became vegetarian to lose weight.
Now let me be clear: none of this is saying that veganism – or any diet – causes orthorexia, nor does it say that a person who uses these diets has an eating disorder.
The disordered eating lies in the motivation for using the diets. People with vegan orthorexia are found to utilize the diet as a tool for enabling their disorder in socially acceptable means.
This means veganism is not orthorexia alone, but that eating disorders use veganism to further the agenda because they eliminate food.
I’d like to note, however, that people who utilize veganism for cultural or religious reasons are not at a greater risk for an eating disorder. This is a different story.
Treatment for orthorexia
If you crave perfection and exert obsessive control over the food you eat, know that you are not alone. Vegan orthorexia is all too common.
You should also know that as a vegan dietitian, I believe you can recover from an eating disorder and continue being vegan. In fact, you can eat in whatever way you want, as long as that eating pattern is not the sole manifestation of your eating disorder.
All in all, you need to reflect deeply and honestly about your reasons for following a vegan diet. If you are doing so exclusively for the animals, then you can certainly fully recover from vegan orthorexia on a plant-based diet.
But if your veganism is intertwined with some desire to lose weight, change your appearance, and exude control over your life, I suggest you consider putting veganism on the back burner during your recovery.
There is no easy answer to this complex question – you need to do the work and reflect on your values. It’s totally okay to prioritize yourself and put yourself first in this challenging time.
Seek out professional support
The earlier you get treatment for orthorexia, the earlier you can reach recovery. It’s important to know the warning signs of vegan orthorexia and to seek help as early as possible.
A dietitian specialized in vegan eating disorder recovery can help demystify nutrition myths that would otherwise be entangled in your recovery from vegan orthorexia.
They can also help you explore your experiences around hunger, fullness, metabolism, feared foods, nutrition messages, body image, and more while guiding you along a healthy journey in regard to veganism.
They can also help you honestly assess your motivations for following a vegan diet and can work with you to personalize your recovery.
For some, letting go of veganism will open them up to not only a less restrictive diet, but also to a less restrictive lifestyle. For others who are vegan out of purely ethical reasons, recovery might be totally separate from veganism.
A registered dietitian can help you make this distinction.
Recovery is possible and seeking an eating disorder treatment is a step in the right direction. Trust me when I say I know the obsession of eating healthy can be debilitating. An eating disorder nutritionist will help improve your relationship with food and support you along the way.


'Screen Time' Is Risk Factor For Low Bone Density In Teenage Boys
Most parents don't consider that their teenagers are at risk for osteoporosis; teens certainly don't think about it. But with teens spending more time with their screens - computer, notepad, TV, and smart phone - than in athletic activities, researchers are starting to look into how these sedentary habits are affecting teen development - particularly their bone development. The findings are not encouraging....
The results of a Norwegian study of bone fitness levels of more than 1,000 teenage boys and girls, ages 15 to 18, were presented at this year's meeting of the World Congress of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases on April 4, 2014. The boys (484) and girls (463) had participated in a 'Fit Futures' study in 2010 - 2011 that assessed more than 90 percent of first year high school students in the Tromsø region of Norway.
As part of the assessment, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured for each child at the hip and femoral neck, and total body body mass index (BMI) was also measured. Lifestyle questionnaires and interviews provided data about the number of leisure hours spent in front of computer screens and TV; diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle information was also compiled.
Results showed that boys spent more time in front of a screen than girls. In both boys and girls, higher sedentary time correlated with a lower BMD and a higher BMI, as one would expect. However, in boys the negative effects on BMD were much higher than in girls; in fact, girls who spent 4-6 hours in front of a computer a day had higher BMD than boys who spent only 1.5 hours of screen time a day. This was not explained by other lifestyle factors which were factored out.
This study is very significant for young persons, because full skeletal maturity is reached in one's teens and peak mone mass - one's maximum strength and size - is reached in early adulthood; a sedentary lifestyle at such an early age can have a significant effect on one's ability to reach his physical potential. Perhaps more importantly, as this study shows, more men will be susceptible to fractures and to osteoporosis at an earlier age. Currently, osteoporosis is more common in women, particularly after menopause.
Low awareness of osteoporosis and bone health among men has prompted the International Osteoporosis Foundation to focus on osteoporosis in men during this year's World Congress.


Scientists have discovered a supersized version of Earth that could host life on a distant galaxy.
The planet, named K2-18b, has been dubbed a rocky “super earth” that orbits a sun-like star.
And it’s positioned in a solar sweet spot — making it possible to host life-giving liquid water.
Researchers at the University of Texas and the University of Montreal revealed the stunning findings, that could signal a perfect habitat for alien life. The research will be published in the journal Astronomy And Astrophysics.
K2-18b even has a neighboring sister planet, the cleverly named K2-18c, but is unlikely to host life because it’s slightly closer to its sun.
Lead author Ryan Cloutier said, “Being able to measure the mass and density of K2-18b was tremendous, but to discover a new exoplanet was lucky and equally exciting.”
But while the planets may already be teeming with otherworldly creatures, we will probably never know for certain.
They orbit a red dwarf star 111 lightyears away — or 625,000,000,000,000,000 miles away — in the Leo constellation.


Geoff Chappell, Software Analyst
The RtlGetNtVersionNumbers function gets Windows version numbers directly from NTDLL.
VOID RtlGetNtVersionNumbers ( DWORD *MajorVersion, DWORD *MinorVersion, DWORD *BuildNumber);
The optional MajorVersion and MinorVersion arguments each give the address of a variable that is to receive the corresponding part of the Windows version number. Each can be NULL if the corresponding part is not wanted.
The optional BuildNumber argument gives the address of a variable that is to receive a number that describes the build. This too can be NULL if the number is not wanted. The low 16 bits are the build number as commonly understood. The high four bits of the number distinguish free and checked builds.
The RtlGetNtVersionNumbers function is exported by name from NTDLL in version 5.1 and higher.
The RtlGetNtVersionNumbers function is not documented. While Microsoft’s names for the function’s arguments are not known, this article uses inventions.
This very simple function simply sets each of the given variables with the corresponding number directly from NTDLL’s own data or code. In this sense, the version numbers produced by RtlGetNtVersionNumbers are the true Windows version numbers.
The immediate contrast is with the version numbers that are held in the PEB as the OSMajorVersion, OSMinorVersion and OSBuildNumber members in version 4.0 and higher. Historically, these are the version numbers that are reported by the NTDLL export RtlGetVersion and the older KERNEL32 (and nowadays KERNELBASE) exports GetVersion and GetVersionEx. They still are the starting point for what these functions report. But even though they are set into the PEB by the kernel when creating the process, they never have been reliably the kernel’s version numbers and—like everything else in the PEB—they are anyway susceptible to being changed by arbitrary user-mode software, whether by design or for mischief.
Microsoft’s only known use of the RtlGetNtVersionNumbers function is for the MSVCRT.DLL that is distributed with Windows. Possibly every C and C++ programmer for Windows has at some time thought to use the Visual Studio compiler’s /MD switch so that routines from the C Run-Time Library (CRT) will be imported dynamically from a DLL instead of being statically linked (and adding bloat to the binary). All but a handful will at least once have been surprised that their (significantly smaller) binary doesn’t run on some other Windows computers. The cause, of the program’s failure, not of the programmer’s surprise, is that Visual Studio will ordinarily have built the binary to import not from an MSVCRT.DLL that you can count on to be present but from a numbered variant that is specific to the Visual Studio version and whose run-time presence you can’t count on unless you install it with your binary as some sort of prerequisite extra.
How this does not prompt howls of protest from programmers, I don’t know. Microsoft’s own low-level user-mode code imports from an MSVCRT.DLL that is distributed with Windows. Microsoft’s kits for low-level programming, e.g., the Windows Driver Kit (WDK), often have included an import library MSVCRT.LIB to link with for importing from whatever system-supplied MSVCRT.DLL is present wherever the linked binary runs. But how programmers get their binaries to use the system-supplied MSVCRT is not this note’s interest.
The problem for a system-supplied MSVCRT is that it may be specific to the system version that it’s supplied with yet its determination of this version depends on what process it happens to be loaded into. That processes can be lied to about the Windows version they’re running on, usually but not always to help them over some incompatibility, has a very long history. While it may be a useful facility for dealing with applications, it must be more than an occasional problem for all programmers who write DLLs for general use in arbitrary processes. Quite why the problem applies to MSVCRT so much more than to others that MSVCRT needs the special help of an undocumented NTDLL function is not known, but pretty much the first thing that the system-supplied MSVCRT does is to call RtlGetNtVersionNumbers so that it can decline its initialisation if it is not running on the expected system version.
Only the naive would be surprised that the CRT source code, which Microsoft publishes with Visual Studio, does not show the _CRTDLL_INIT routine’s use of the RtlGetNtVersionNumbers function. The closest that this use of the function brought Microsoft to disclosing it is that for many years, up to and including Visual Studio 2010, the source code did have a typedef for the otherwise unreferenced name NTVERSION_INFO_FNC as a pointer to the function.


Volume: 843 January 24, 2022
FREE Printable versions of THE BIBLE VIEW (including large print and church bulletin inserts) are available at https://www.openthoumineeyes.com/
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If Eve Had Said, “NO!”
Genesis 3:1-19 tells the well-known story of Eve and Adam’s disobeying God. Because of this first sin, humanity has been plagued with iniquity and its consequences. One wrong decision changed all mankind and the Earth. Sin has a terrible price tag. No one gets away from its costly wages.
What happened when Eve disobeyed:
- She thought God was not right. The fruit did taste good, and they did not die — right away.
- Adam and Eve had to be clothed. Innocent animals lost their lives so that the couple’s nakedness was covered.
- Adam and Eve could not have fellowship with God anymore. The one-on-one conversations with the Creator in the Garden ceased.
- Eve, and all women after her, have had pain in childbirth. Women would not have that experience if sin did not enter the human race.
- The ground was cursed. Now, there are weeds that overcome most crops. Before God cursed the land, there were none.
- Work would not have been as hard. There would have been no sweat in hard labor.
- Physical death entered into our lives.
- All people now commit sin
What happened when King David sinned:
- King David’s wrong decision started with his staying home from battle.
- He did not obey God by going to war. He tarried.
- He looked at a bathing woman. His peeping led to adultery between him and Bathsheba.
- David conceived a child out of wedlock with her.
- The King deceived Uriah, his faithful soldier and husband of Bathsheba.
- David was involved in Uriah’s death.
- David and Bathsheba’s baby died.
- David’s sons were disobedient, and some died early deaths.
Other great men and women sinned and “paid” its terrible consequences:
- If Samson had not sinned, he would not have lost his strength, sight, and position to judge Israel.
- If the people of Israel had not sinned, they would not have been attacked by serpents, faced starvation, and would have been allowed to see the Promised Land.
- If Moses had spoken to the rock as God commanded him, he would have entered the Promised Land.
- If Herod had not boasted, he would not have been eaten by worms.
- If Aaron and Miriam had not talked about Moses, Miriam would not have had leprosy.
- If Jonah had obeyed God, he would not have ended up in the belly of a whale.
- If Haman had not been bitter against Mordecai, he might not have died by hanging.
- If Judas had not “given place to the devil,” he would not have been used to identify Jesus so He could be killed.
- If the soldiers had gotten saved, they would not have nailed Jesus to the cross.
- … and on the list could go from biblical examples of sin’s wages.
As the Bible confirms, there is a price tag for committing what God forbids. No one gets away with sin. Those guilty of iniquity will have their lives changed because of it:
- Some will have a divorce because they did not wait on God’s choice of a mate.
- Some will flunk in school because they would not learn the right way and cheated through school.
- Some may end up in jail because they cheated on their taxes, stole cars, did drugs, etc.
- Some may hurt someone physically because they watched the wrong TV shows and got desensitized about harming others.
- Someone may be addicted or killed by drugs because their desensitization to sin started with a sip of daddy’s beer.
- Some may be killed in a car accident because they disobeyed their parents and snuck out at night.
- Some girls may have children out of wedlock because they would not listen to their parents about how, who, or when to date.
- Some may be crippled by fighting because they did not listen to their parents and stay away from the wrong people.
- Some may not graduate high school because they are too lazy to study.
- Some may go to Hell and burn forever because they worried about what their friends would think if they got saved and lived according to God’s will and way.
If Eve had said “no” to sin then, we might not be battling its tempting grip today. All sin has consequences — either here or in eternity. Most know this because they have seen what others have reaped by sowing iniquity and have seen the damage it has done in their lives. Why do we willingly commit it and think we can get away with it?
“God hates the sin, but He loves the sinner.” — D. L. Moody
Clouds and Sin
- Clouds sometimes obstruct the beneficial influences of Heaven coming upon the Earth. Sin also prevents the blessings of God from flowing into the hearts and lives of men.
- Clouds have their origin on the Earth. Sin originates from below and never from Heaven.
- Clouds can create a powerful, damaging electric field. Sin also damages humanity, and ruins lives with the storm it can bring.
- Clouds assume every variety of shape, color, and duration. Sin has no set form but varies according to persons, circumstances, times, and places.
- Clouds cannot be dispersed by any human force. Sin also cannot be forgiven by any power except by One that is Divine!
“Oh, what authority and show of truth
Can cunning sin cover itself withal!” — Shakespeare
The Curse of Sin
Dr. J. Parker
O sin! How it has cursed us! It has thrown up a barrier between ourselves and God. With its chilling breath, it has extinguished the light of our household joys. It has robbed us of joys and filled the air with discordant cries. Sin has unsheathed the sword and bathed itself in human blood. It has dug every grave on the Earth.
Without it, we should not have known the name of a widow or orphan, tear or sigh, and sorrow. Because of sin, our hearts are torn by pain and anguish, and our joy is gone!
“Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart.” II Timothy 2:22
The Tree-killing Worm
While touring a park of towering trees, a guide pointed out one. “That fine tree,” he said, “was killed by a single worm.”
We learned that the tree was as healthy as any in the park two years ago. A wood-worm, about three inches long, was observed to be forcing its way under the bark of the trunk. It caught the eye of our guide. Although he was warned that the worm could kill the tree, our guide left it alone as it seemed improbable to him that the black-headed worm could do such damage.
After a time, it was found that his assumption was wrong. The worm indeed had tunneled its way a considerable distance under the bark. The following summer, the tree’s leaves dropped off very early, and in the succeeding year, it was a dead, rotten tree.
I am reminded that there is a lesson to be learned from that tree’s demise. How many have ruined their lives by a single, harmlessly-appearing sin!
“To cover sin with a layer of earnest efforts to do right will not take the sin away. The underlying sin will assimilate all the dead works that may be heaped upon it, and the result will be a greater mass of sin.” — Arnot
Love of Sin
It is worse to love sin than to commit it. A man may commit sin through temptation or ignorance, and when he knows it to be sin, he is sorry for it. He that loves sin, however, puts his will into the sin and heaps the danger onto one’s life. The heart allows it to continue, and sin’s consequences will reap much havoc.
“For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.” Romans 6:23


posted on Thursday, July 23, 2020
Adjusting our Focus
The word, “focus,” has had a huge impact on our world. It is essential in education. We have developed drugs to enhance focus with the belief that it will promote learning and success. Anyone who has worked to improve their athletic performance has pursued the concept of being, “in the zone.” It is a place of hyper-focus where the event seems to slow down and we’re at peak performance. This means that, yes, focusing and directing our attention has a huge impact on our ability to learn and perform at a high level.
For me, the following is a great example of adjusting focus. My wife and I have a pair of binoculars by our window that we use for viewing wildlife near our home. When I look out the window and see something, I grab the binoculars for a better look. Then I hear, “Let me see.” When I hand her the binoculars, she adjusts the focus so she can see. This is a great example of how none of us see the world the same way. We have 5 biological senses and they all have variables that allow the stimuli in the world to enter our brains. This is why we often perceive events in our lives very differently, even when we see, hear, touch, smell, and taste the same things.
It can help a group’s performance to understand this concept. Knowing there will be differences in perception can help us respond to others with a little more empathy. Don’t expect everyone to agree with you (even if you are right ?). When solving differences, it can help to begin by focusing on things that we can agree on. We must fight against focusing all the attention on our differences in order to perform successfully as a group.
My son, stay focused; listen to the wisdom I have gained; give attention to what I have learned about life, so you may be able to make sensible judgments and speak with knowledge.
When differences in focus occur, try to find a starting point of agreement. Don’t allow the focus to be on your differences.


Objective: To provide a conceptual and clinical review of the physiology of the venous system as it is relates to cardiac function in health and disease.
Data: An integration of venous and cardiac physiology under normal conditions, critical illness, and resuscitation.
Summary: The usual teaching of cardiac physiology focuses on left ventricular function. As a result of the wide array of shock states with which intensivists contend, an approach that takes into account the function of the venous system and its interaction with the right and left heart may be more useful. This two-part review focuses on the function of the venous system and right heart under normal and stressed conditions. The first part describes the basic physiology of the venous system, and part two focuses on the role of the venous system in different pathophysiologic states, particularly shock.
Conclusion: An improved understanding of the role of the venous system in health and disease will allow intensivists to better appreciate the complex circulatory physiology of shock and may allow for better hemodynamic management of this disorder.


Bradyphrenia is the slowness of thought and a common manifestation of many disorders of the brain. It can also be the side effect of several types of psychiatric medication. Bradyphrenia can be appreciated in disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and some forms of schizophrenia. It is also called a psychic akinesia.
Those affected often display inattentiveness and delayed response, leading to decreased productivity when a task is given. These patients often only respond with one-word answers, not giving a complete reply. Complaints of difficulty thinking and in expressing thoughts is a common occurrence. Much of their time is spent searching for words to describe their feelings when communicating with others.
Causes and symptoms of bradyphrenia
Bradyphrenia is commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease, but this is very much still up for debate. Not all Parkinson’s disease patients suffer from problems with cognitive function. However, about half of people with Parkinson’s do experience some problems with cognitive impairment.
Brain damage and side-effects of psychiatric medication are the most common reasons for the development of bradyphrenia. Old age may also be a risk factor.
Symptoms of bradyphrenia include:
- Cognitive slowing leading to disruptions of speech, mobility, sentence comprehension, executive function, and working memory
- Increased latency of response
- Absence of voluntary motion
- Compulsions and repetitive actions
- Mental void or blank
- Reduced emotional concern
Diagnosing and treating bradyphrenia
Bradyphrenia is mostly a clinical diagnosis and is typically a symptom of a disorder or treatment regimen. This means that there is no single test to diagnose the condition, but instead, it is up to the attending physician to recognize the symptoms and make the diagnosis. To help doctors make a more definitive diagnosis, they may use multiple tests. These include:
- Bedside examination: Includes reading the alphabet backward, letter fluency, Serial 7s, and Trail making test
- Psychomotor and psychological speed measures: Using tests measuring reaction time, recognition time, choice reaction time and inspection time.
- Neuropsychological measures include adult memory and processing tests, paced sensory addition tests, Stroop test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale-III tests.
- Computerized measures: Includes auditory and visual threshold tests, serial addition test, and Sternberg memory scanning tests.
Since bradyphrenia is commonly a symptom of another neurotological condition, a treatment specifically targeting a slowed thinking process can be difficult. Bradyphrenia does frequently respond to anti-Parkinson’s medications, however, due to some of them being anticholinergic in nature, it may cause or exacerbate cognitive impairment.
Treatment for bradyphrenia aims to achieve the following:
- Stopping the offending medication causing bradyphrenia
- Normalization of blood sugar and cobalamin levels
- Minimize cerebrovascular risk factors
- Slow the progression of condition by interfering with nerve cell degeneration
Lifestyle changes for bradyphrenia patients
The reality of the situation is that most of the time, coping with bradyphrenia is the most logical option for preceding treatment. This means that instead of finding a cure, a modification of lifestyle will occur. Bradyphrenia patients often use the flowing lifestyle changes to help improve their day to day lives.
- Focus on just one task at a time. Write them down if necessary
- Be patient during long pauses
- Limit distractions in the environment
- Allow others to speak slowly and don’t be afraid to ask them to repeat their words
- Allow yourself enough time to react
- Maintain focus on the person
- Beware of others person preferences
- Use alarm clocks or watches to help keep track of appointments
- Listen closely to instructions if embarking on a new task
Living with bradyphrenia can be quite frustrating. However, knowing that your physician has your best interest in mind should give you some comfort. It may take some getting used to, but with the understanding and support of the people around you, living with bradyphrenia can be manageable.


Lessons in Fairness from Salt Lake
Millions of us watched the Olympic Games for two wonderful weeks in February 2002. Millions of us watched beautiful young people compete for glory, strive for their personal bests, and play for the sheer joy of sport. Millions of us were entranced as we watched human weaknesses (cheating, doping, arrogance) pitted against human strengths (fairness, grace under pressure, humility).
“Goodness” was the big winner at these Games. The Skating Federation did the right thing and awarded a double gold. The cheaters and dopers were stripped of medals. The winners were celebrated. The honest losers weren’t losers at all because they too were honored and celebrated for their determination, courage, talent, and perseverance. Despite tremendous fears of another 9/11 disaster, security measures worked and everyone left safe and whole. For 17 days, much of the world was able to join together to enjoy each other, to cheer each other on, and to treat each other fairly. These are all reasons for hope.
As Jacques Rogge, President of the International Olympic Committee, said, “It takes more than crossing the line first to be a champion. It also takes playing fair and not doping.” What a wonderfully simple, clear message for young people: Play fair and stay off drugs and you can be a champion in what you do.
Yes, I know. The world often is unfair. And part of being a good parent is teaching our children to negotiate unfairness. But it’s also part of good parenting to emphasize to our children that they can and should contribute to the good in the world by being fair even when living in an unfair world. It’s a difficult concept to teach our kids. It’s a difficult standard to keep ourselves. It’s often a leap of faith to think that fairness even works. But as the Olympics so vividly demonstrated, when we do manage to do it, everybody wins.
Model, Teach, and Remind
It’s important to model being fair first. When we wait for the other guy to treat us well before we do the right thing, we teach our children that morality is conditional. If instead we work from a position of fairness, regardless of what others say and do, we model a principle for living well. The Russian hockey team was impressive at the Olympics. In spite of their concerns that the American NHL referees would judge them unfairly, in spite of the fact that they lost, they poured out onto the ice at the end of the game and offered enthusiastic congratulations to the winning Americans. They didn’t wait to see what the Americans would do. They didn’t offer their hands in a perfunctory way. Instead, they clapped the victors on the shoulders, encouraging everyone to celebrate the joy of a game well played.
Hartwell-Walker, M. (2015). Lessons in Fairness from Salt Lake. Psych Central. Retrieved on May 27, 2016, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/lessons-in-fairness-from-salt-lake/


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Published: 27 Jun 2007
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WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) has many ways to manipulate objects. Some of these ways involve transforming an object, or using animation to animate the various values of an object. These can all work together to provide a very interactive interface. This article will show you how.
previous article, I showed some of the animations available with
WPF. The article showed
how you can use
WPF to animate various properties of an object. This article is going to expand the
original idea to show some of the other animations available.
The article I wrote before had an example of using the
TranslateTransform transformation to move
an object across the screen. That's not the only way to move an object; but first let's examine some of the other
types of transformations. The rectangle has a
RenderTransform property that can take various kinds
of transform objects, such as
MatrixTransform, etc. that can alter the way the object appears on the
Let's look at an example of some
XAML code using the
RotateTransform, which defines
Angle of type
double. This property takes the degree of rotation in 45
degree increments. The
CenterY properties determine the point to rotate around.
XAML defines a button that, when clicked, will rotate in a circular fashion. The
XAML definition for the button is reported in listing 1.
Listing 1: Rotating Button Transform
The rotate transform was given a name, because that makes it easier to work with it in the code.
The following code rotates the object around the
Listing 2: Rotating Button Transform Code
Every time the button is clicked, it rotates 45 degrees. When at angle of 315 degrees, the next
step is reset the value to 0. Clicking the button rotates it around
(75,50) point in a continual
loop. This point is not dead center of the control, so it rotates in an elliptical fashion. In addition to
rotating it, it is possible stretch or skew the button, as we'll see next.
Let's look at an example of scaling and skewing a button. Skewing works in a manner similar to the rotating
button because rotations involve rotating at an angle, though not as severe.
Listing 3: Skewing Button Transform
The code that skews the object changes the angle between 0 and 30 degrees, as shown in listing 4.
Listing 4: Skewing Button Transform Code
Skewing is a little more limited with respect to scaling. Scaling also uses the
CenterY properties, as well as a
of properties. The latter properties specify the factor to use when scaling; so a value of 1 means to scale
Y attributes to the normal size, .5 means scaling the button to half of the original
size, and a value of 2 means double the normal size. When
CenterY is set to
zero, the object scales larger to the right and bottom (scales away from the upper-left corner). When the
CenterY values are set to the middle of the object, the object scales away from
the center point (grows from the center equally). Let's take a look at scaling. Below is the definition of a
Listing 5: Scaling Button Transform
The beginning scale value is .5, meaning half of the original value. The following code will alter
the scale value from .5 up to 2, back down to .25, and back up again over and over. Doing this is really simple,
as shown in the following code.
Listing 6: Scaling Button Transform Code
Scaling is determined by a private variable; and when it reaches 2 or .25, the
value determining the direction is reversed.
Figure 1: Transformations Result
previous article, I showed an example of moving an object across the screen using the translate
transformation. However, there are more interactive ways to do so, such as using
capabilities available in the
WPF framework. Using the path syntax, it is possible to draw lines,
curves, and ellipses that an object can use as its path of movement. The path markup syntax will be explained as
the article goes along, but it would be beneficial to read
the MSDN article on path markup.
Path data uses a special syntax to note the direction of a path. It uses a collection of point data, along
with a series of commands, like
M/m for Move;
C/c for cubic bezier curve;
T/t for specialty Bezier curves;
A/a for arcs; and
H/h for lines. Each command has a series of point arguments that
it takes to determine the total path. For instance, the
(L)ine command takes an
coordinates pair specifying the end point of the line. Curves use a set of control points to control the amount
of curve in the line. In addition, there is a difference between the upper case and lower case letters. Upper
case is an absolute value, whereas lower case is a relative value. Let’s start with a path that creates an
ellipse (looking like a football), as shown in the following listing.
Listing 7: Ellipsis Path
The ellipse defined in the previous code is going to move across a path. That path is setup in a storyboard,
and the data is passed through the
PointAnimationUsingPath animation. Note the path geometry as
defined in the following listing.
Listing 8: Animation using a Path
PointAnimationUsingPath animation takes a path geometry. Path geometry renders a
path which may or may not connect the beginning to the end. It can use a series of lines or curves to form this
path, using a specialized syntax as mentioned before.
M moves the beginning point to
(20,100). L draws a line to
(80,10), followed by a series of three types of Bezier
curves, which end at the
(20,100) starting point. Each of these curves has one or two control
points, with the last set of coordinates being an end point.
Figure 2: Path Animation
Rotating Rectangle Animation
The last animation that I’m going to show you rotates the rectangle around in a circular fashion, using data
provided by a path. As we've seen previously, the
RotateTransform transform controls the amount of
rotation applied to the object. When using this with path data, the rectangle animates in a circular fashion very
smoothly. First, let's look at the setup, as the control uses a gradient and defines a
RotateTransform object named
Listing 9: Gradient Rectangle With Rotating Transform
When the rectangle is loaded, the animation in the following listing is run. The double animation
uses a path geometry (which simplistically consists of a horizontal line) to change the angle from 0 to 359
degrees, and repeat this behavior forever. The targeted property is the
angle property. However,
from the path geometry, it is also possible to use a source value of
Y, or Angle as
Listing 10: Spinning Rectangle Animation
In this example, only the
Angle property is targeted. However, using a
TranslateTransform in combination with the
RotateTransform can provide a realistic
rendering of an object that moves along a path. To see an excellent example of this, check this
Figure 3: Spinning Rectangle Animation
WPF has some advanced capabilities in graphics rendering. As we've seen, animations in
WPF are pretty powerful and provide interesting capabilities when programming with the various
Brian Mains is an application developer consultant with Computer Aid Inc. He formerly worked with the Department of Public Welfare.
In both places of business, he developed both windows and web applications, small and large, using the latest .NET technologies. In addition, he had spent many hou...
This author has published 73 articles on DotNetSlackers. View other articles or the complete profile here.
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The rainforest is about life. Rain forests are wooded areas that receive more than 78 inches of rainfall a year and have temperatures that never reach freezing; the ecosystem that houses the largest amount of biodiversity on the planet.
Importance of Rainforests
More than half of the planet’s species still live in the rainforests. In addition, many food items you enjoy every day originally came from rain forests across the globe. Through photosynthesis, they are considered as the Earth’s lungs by absorbing carbon from the atmosphere and transforming it into life-giving oxygen, at the same time keeping our planet cool. They also help in recycling and cleaning our water supplies.
However, due to the wholesale deforestation, carbon has been constantly building up in our atmosphere. And while some 100 species will become extinct every day — many of them are still undiscovered and their qualities will be lost forever due to deforestation, there are Eco-tourism parks that are fighting to reverse this trend.
Rainforest Excursion Parks Conservation Programs
There are parks that support the rain forest sustainability, and exerts a lot of conservation effort to help with saving the tropical rain forests. Some of the programs that these parks execute for the preservation of the natural resources are as follows:
— Being aware of the need for conserving the natural environment and rainforests. The naturalist guides and teams are aware of the relevance of keeping the forest in its natural condition with minimum alteration that could break the ecosystem’s cycle, and visitors are likewise being educated to understand its importance.
— Conserving the use of energy, through the use of low consumption bulbs and white fluorescent light, as well as avoiding dark colored walls and ceiling because they absorb natural light and increase the need for artificial light.
— Conserving the use of water, by not allowing tap water to drop, while washing dishes, use of efficient shower heads, utilizing water used in washing vegetables for other purposes, and by planting autochthonous plants in the garden, those that require less water than more exotic plants, as well as allowing the grass to grow longer than normal before cutting which avoids water evaporation and thus less water will be required for watering.
Adventure in the Rainforests
Excursion parks, aside from educating visitors with the importance of conserving the environment, offers tourists and visitors to enjoy their rainforest tour with exciting activities and adventures. They allow visitors to glide through the suspended cables on top of the forest canopy in the zip line adventures. The not so athletic visitors, children and elders can also enjoy a ride atop the trees on aerial trams and gondolas. And they can also swing on a cable like Tarzan.
Aside from these adventures high on top of the trees, hikers can also trek through jungle trails, exploring the native flora and fauna of the rainforest.


Choose from a range of activities including Archery, Bushcraft, Orienteering and Teambuilding and with our help we design a day that meets the needs and learning outcomes of your class and Pupils.
Archery is a sport for all and while it helps to build muscle endurance and flexibility, develop hand eye coordination and body strength it also teaches discipline, respect and self-control – something that carries over into pupils’ attitude, work habits and other school activity. Coaches and teachers involved in school archery have found that pupils who do not normally participate and enjoy sports-related or extracurricular activities seem to love and are good at this sport – it is a great option for the non-sporty and semi-sporty young people, giving pupils a strong sense of personal achievement.
Orienteering offers pupils real world opportunities to understand time, distance, sequences and patterns in a fun, engaging outdoor environment that stretches the mind as well as the body.
Orienteering is an easy sport to develop at KS1 and KS3 with clear links and progression onto KS3 and KS4 Guidelines for Orienteering in GCSE PE
Learning to work together is a core skill that pupils need to develop not only to be able to fin in within a classroom environment but fundamentally within all aspects of their developing lives.
KS2 – “take part in outdoor and adventurous activity challenges both individually and within a team”
Download our Cross Curricular Adventure flyer