Albeit the prizes are a few, they accompany obligations regarding the wellbeing of the general population and the electrical technician. A person who wishes to be an electrical expert ought to agree with the codes just as the wellbeing rules made to secure the general population. Essentially, one requirements to have a wide comprehension of the duties of an electrical technician just as his work setting.
Expected set of responsibilities
A circuit repairman gives electrical hardware fix administrations to organizations and homes. He is liable for setting up and looking after wires, plugs and different segments associated with power stream. An electrical expert can have some expertise in one or the other development or upkeep. He should have the option to contemplate blue prints and look after information, video and voice wiring. Organizations regularly recruit circuit repairmen to embrace establishment of electrical gear. Normally, they utilize both force apparatuses, for example, saws and penetrates and hand devices like wire strippers, forceps and screwdrivers.
Power can be dangerous if not diverted or dealt with appropriately. The most unsafe danger an electrical technician can experience is electrical stun, which can now and again cause demise. Other occupation risks incorporate falls when ascending frameworks and stepping stools or wounds from cuts while utilizing sharp instruments like blades or saws. A circuit tester should consent to security rules related with working with power. Similarly, he is answerable for giving public wellbeing by following guidelines or codes that have been established relating electrical machines and power. It is essential that circuit repairmen follow state, nearby codes just as public electrical codes.
Sorts of circuit testers
Electrical experts are of three significant sorts specifically processing plant, support and development. Ordinarily, a circuit repairman focuses on just one significant region however some capacity in both the support and development field. Development electrical experts set up wiring frameworks to new developments like plants, organizations and homes. They additionally set up plugs, breaker boxes and other electrical framework segments. Then again, upkeep circuit testers are responsible for fixing, ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ ΑΘΗΝΑ supplanting and examining wiring frameworks. The undertakings include investigating for electrical flaws, supplanting defective wires or different segments like light switches, power plugs and breaker boxes. Manufacturing plant electrical experts investigate, introduce and attempt support assignments on engines, mechanical robots, electrical generators and controls on apparatus.
To turn into an electrical technician, you need to enlist in an apprenticeship program. The program joins hands on preparing with study hall guidance under the oversight of qualified electrical technicians. To enlist in such a program, you ought to have a GED or secondary school recognition. Moreover, you should be at the very least 18 years old. By and large, these apprenticeship programs keep going for a very long time. They incorporate 144 hours and 2000 hours of homeroom guidance and hands on preparing each year separately.
Most regions and states need authorized circuit repairmen. To get a permit, one necessities to finish an assessment that tests the public electrical code, neighborhood building and electrical codes and information on electrical hypothesis. An electrical technician ought to have eye-hand coordination and great manual smoothness. He should likewise have a fair of equilibrium just as be in great shape. Since a circuit tester ought to have the option to perceive wires by shading, incredible shading vision is fundamental. To succeed additionally in this profession one requirements to have certain individual characteristics or delicate abilities. Solid investigating abilities will empower the circuit tester to discover the significant reason for electrical issues and how well to fix them. Basic reasoning abilities are additionally helpful as they help the expert in assessing the upsides and downsides of plausible arrangements.
The compensation scope of an electrical expert falls somewhere in the range of $12 and $35 each hour. Then again, the normal compensation that he acquires is roughly $21 each hour. Wages paid hourly depend on experience. The compensation increments as the electrical technician procures more insight. Advantages are likewise subject to the association for which the expert works. Essentially, it relies upon if the circuit repairman is an endorser. Numerous associations address circuit repairmen, however this relies upon the sort of field the expert works in. In regard to the pay potential, the expansion in the quantity of occupations inside the electrical field frequently relies upon specific factors like condition of the economy and the populace development.
A certified circuit repairman has a few chances for progression. He can progress to a director or a venture chief in development firm. A couple of circuit repairmen decide to wander into business and become workers for hire. Others additionally move to the situation of electrical assessors for districts.
In entirety, electrical experts are significant in our everyday life. They give us a scope of electrical administrations, which improve our solace and lives more.


Two OSU chemical engineering professors say they've found a new way to dispose of human waste.
Doctors Gary Foutch and AJ Johannes say they've harnessed the same technology already used to de-water industrial sludge, to take the water out of human waste.
The professors say it's an important discovery, because 40 percent of the world's population, three billion people, don't have access to bathrooms or toilets.
"It kills bacteria, kills parasite eggs that can cause intestinal worms, so people can actually touch the stuff, and move it to processes for agricultural use or energy production, and make it safe to handle," Dr. Foutch said.
In the next month, the professors will submit another proposal to the Gates Foundation. If they get a green light, they'll have funding to build these machines in these countries that desperately need something to treat human waste.


High doses of ultraviolet light damage the DNA in skin cells. Normally, damaged cells commit suicide by a process called apoptosis, so that they do not become cancerous. However, damaged cells that do not undergo apoptosis live to become cancerous. A report from Rutgers University showed that exercise and caffeine help to prevent skin cancer. Researchers divided mice into four groups: 1) inactivity, 2) exercise, 3) caffeine and 4) exercise and caffeine. Then all of the mice were exposed to high doses of ultraviolet B light that damaged their skin cells. Caffeine caused a 95 percent increase in apoptosis, exercise caused a 120 percent increase, and those who both exercised and took caffeine had a 400 percent increase in apoptosis.
Cells in your body have multiple small areas called mitochondria that turn food into energy by knocking hydrogen and electrons from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The freed electrons can attach to oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (free radicals) that stick to the DNA of cells to damage them and cause cancer. Exercise teaches your mitochondria to turn food into energy with far fewer free electrons, so there are fewer free radicals to damage cells. Caffeine markedly increases an animal's ability to exercise for longer periods of time. Journal reference


If you are a diabetic and you give yourself insulin injections, proper disposal of your needles and syringes is important to prevent injury to yourself or others. Insulin needles are made to be used only once, so depending on your blood sugar levels and recommendations from your doctor, you may go through several needles a day. If your doctor doesn’t advise you regarding how to dispose of your used needles, it's important for you to assume responsibility.
Place all used needles into a container that is puncture-resistant. This can be an old plastic bottle or tin can with a lid. You may be able to purchase a sharps container from your pharmacy, a household hazardous waste center or a national mail-back service. Sharps containers are the best choice, but if you do not have access to one, any puncture-resistant container will work.
Dispose of your used insulin needles in your chosen receptacle until it is no more than three-quarters full. If you continue to stuff needles in until the container is too full, you risk sticking yourself.
Seal the container. If you're using a plastic bottle, place the lid on tightly, then tape around the lid using strong tape. The lids of metal coffee cans and other containers should be reinforced with duct tape to prevent the needles from poking through.
Call your health department to find recommended drop-off sites for your full needle container. Your city may accept household hazardous waste at specific places. Your doctor’s office or a pharmacy might also dispose of the bottle for you.
Some companies offer mail-back services in which you are provided with proper sharps containers that you mail back for disposal once they're full. The service is not free. Ask your doctor for more information on these services.
Do not dispose of used needles in the trash or recycling bin, even if they are capped. The caps could come off the needles and cause a serious injury. Do not dispose of your full container in the trash or recycling bin, either. The needles are still accessible if someone tries to open the container.


This article was produced in partnership with Brown University’s TRI-Lab.
On a fall day in Providence, Brown University student Kate Nussenbaum watched her “scientific hero” Adele Diamond share research on child brain development with an audience of teachers, child care workers, Brown students, community leaders, and local policy makers.
Diamond, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia, discussed how children develop a particular set of skills, called executive functions, that are essential to success in school and throughout life. She also addressed a topic practitioners in the room were eager to hear about: what educators and caregivers can do to help children who lag behind.
Diamond’s presentation kicked off a day-long symposium in October 2014 that was the culmination of months of planning by a group of students (including Nussenbaum), professors, and leaders from local organizations. They were participants in a program called TRI-Lab that connects education and research to real-world problem solving.
TRI-Lab is part of a university-wide effort to foster collaboration between students, faculty, and the broader community and promote “engaged learning” that blends theory and practice.1 This new effort, the Engaged Scholars Program (ESP), expands the Brown educational experience by supporting students’ involvement in internships, volunteering, research, entrepreneurship, and other forms of experiential learning that complement their academic studies.
A key element of ESP is the integration of opportunities for research and practice into student concentrations (majors) within departments.(a) Another component is interdisciplinary programs like TRI-Lab, which has students collaborate with faculty and community leaders to learn about pressing challenges in the local community and pursue solutions to these problems.
The theme for TRI-Lab’s inaugural year was early childhood development, with a focus on the health and well-being of Rhode Island’s children.(b) Nussenbaum, who graduated in May with a degree in cognitive neuroscience and a focus on brain development, wanted to pursue engaged scholarship through TRI-Lab because of the unique chance it afforded to engage with the community outside the university.
“It seemed like the perfect opportunity to wrestle with some of the questions I had already been [considering] in a more tangible way,” Nussenbaum says. “How do I devote myself to research but still feel like I’m doing good in the world? How do I make sure the research I’m doing is relevant?”
Over the course of the year, she worked with and learned from fellow students specializing in cognitive science, public health, and urban education, as well as experts like Steve Buka, chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Brown’s School of Public Health, and Leslie Gell, director of Ready to Learn Providence, a local organization that works to improve early childhood education for low-income children.(c)
Nussenbaum, Gell, and Buka’s TRI-Lab group wanted to narrow their focus to a topic in child development that was of interest to both researchers and practitioners. Executive functions was a natural fit, as it has received a great deal of attention in both the academic and education worlds in recent years.
Executive functions are the cognitive processes by which our minds manage thought and behavior. They include the ability to juggle various pieces of information (working memory), to shift between thoughts and perspectives as a situation changes (cognitive flexibility), and to choose whether or not to engage in particular thoughts and actions (inhibitory control).
Almost everything we do that involves higher-level thinking relies on executive functions. They enable students to engage productively in class discussion, following the thread of conversation and contributing at the right moment. Studies have found that deficiencies in executive functions can lead to poor performance at school and work, substance abuse, violence, and a host of other challenges.2 Research3 has also shown that children from higher-income households perform better on tests of executive functions than children from lower-income households.(d)
This disparity has drawn the attention of educators because it may offer a potential explanation for – and possible solution to – the wide disparity in educational achievement between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds. If researchers and educators can figure out how to improve the executive functions of low-income children to match those of their high-income peers, we may begin to close the stubborn achievement gap.(e)
Solving this problem requires first closing another gap – between how academics think about “executive functions” and how the term is used in the early education world. By bringing together a diverse group of stakeholders, TRI-Lab revealed points of divergence between the worlds of research and practice. While both are concerned with similar problems and share common goals, they don’t communicate often and, when they do, they speak different languages.
The purpose of the TRI-Lab symposium – and the research brief the group produced to accompany it – was to close this gap and align practitioners and researchers on what executive functions are, why they matter, and how they can be improved.6 A corresponding goal was to encourage researchers who study executive functions to think about the educational needs and challenges of the community and how their research might be applied in the classroom and the home.
For practitioners like Leslie Gell, it’s the application of research that is most essential. Her organization recently received a $3 million dollar grant from the U.S. Department of Education to implement a program designed to strengthen executive functions in elementary schools across Providence.(f) Understanding the research on what works is essential for practitioners like Gell who are trying to improve executive functions among low-income children.7
As for Nussenbaum, she won a Rhodes Scholarship to study the science of attention, memory, and learning at Oxford. Seeing the myriad ways different people approached the same problem in TRI-Lab helped her realize that she wants to focus her efforts on research. The program also made a lasting impression on how she wants to conduct her academic work.
“Even though I’ve decided to pursue the research path, it’s really important to… be thinking about how this research can eventually be applied, how I can do work to make sure the applications of this research actually move forward,” says Nussenbaum. “Those are definitely questions that are going to remain on my mind.”
Another lesson Nussenbaum learned from her engaged scholarship at Brown? There are no easy answers to the question of how to connect academic research and real-world policy and practice. It was challenging for a group of people with diverse backgrounds, interests, and goals to come together and develop a high-impact project everyone could contribute to.
Yet while there may not be a clear-cut path for how to do this kind of work, it all starts with expanding student learning to the world beyond the classroom.
This article was produced in partnership with Brown University’s TRI-Lab.
- For more on the concept of engaged scholarship as it’s being developed at Brown see: Paxson, Christina (2015) “Letter From the President,” Brown Alumni Magazine, January/February; and Harlam, Alan (2015) “How Engaged Learning Can Invigorate Higher Education,” Footnote, March 19.
- Adele Diamond (2013) “Executive Functions,” Annual Review of Psychology, 64: 135-168.
- Khaled Sarsour, Margaret Sheridan, Douglas Jutte, Amani Nuru-Jeter, Stephen Hinshaw, and W. Thomas Boyce (2011) “Family Socioeconomic Status and Child Executive Functions: The Roles of Language, Home Environment, and Single Parenthood,” Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17: 120-132. Daniel A. Hackman and Martha J. Farah (2008) “Socioeconomic status and the developing brain,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(2): 65-73.
- John R. Best and Patricia H. Miller (2010) “A developmental perspective on executive function,” Child Development, 81(6): 1641-1660.
- Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2011) “Building the Brain’s ‘Air Traffic Control’ System: How Early Experiences Shape the Development of Executive Function,” Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
- Kate Nussenbaum, Emily Davis, Nicole DellaRocco, Leanne Barrett, Stephen Buka, Elizabeth Burke Bryant, and Leslie Gell (2014) “Supporting the Development of Executive Functions in Young Children,” Healthy Early Childhood Development Policy Brief, Providence, RI: TRI-Lab, Brown University.
- Researchers have found that certain targeted enrichment programs can effectively improve executive functions in children, but the number of evaluations is still limited. Adele Diamond, Steven Barnett, Jessica Thomas, and Sarah Munro (2007) “Preschool Program Improves Cognitive Control,” Science, 318(5855): 1387-1388. Adele Diamond and Kathleen Lee (2011) “Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4-12 years old,” Science, 333(6045): 959-964.
- (a) Brown’s Anthropology, Environmental Studies & Sciences, Engineering, Theater Arts & Performance Studies, and Public Policy departments are participating in the launch of ESP, and more departments will be added each year. Students concentrating in these disciplines have the opportunity choose the “engaged scholars” track, which incorporates engaged courses, practicums, and a capstone project within the discipline, as well as opportunities for interaction with engaged scholars from other fields.
- (b) Subsequent TRI-Lab projects have focused on access to healthy foods and the public health risks associated with climate change.
- (c) Nussenbaum also learned more about the Providence community outside the walls of her campus. She was surprised to learn, for example, that more children in the city are raised in single-parent than two-parent homes.
- (d) The unequal level of executive functions in children from different backgrounds is likely a result of the fact that these capabilities develop slowly in the brain.4 Their progress can therefore be disrupted by environmental factors such as exposure to stress, violence, and chaotic home environments, all of which are more prevalent in low-income households.5
- (e) The educational achievement gap is apparent across grade levels in Rhode Island. 58% of low-income fourth-graders have proficient reading skills and 48% have proficient math skills. Among higher-income fourth-graders, 83% are proficient in reading and 77% in math. 71% of low-income students and 93% of higher-income students in Rhode Island graduate from high school in four years.1
- (f) The program, called Mind in the Making, was developed by the Families and Work Institute based on a review of over a thousand academic studies and interviews with dozens of researchers. It aims to teach educators and parents what executive functions are and how they can help children cultivate these skills.


Unpacking the Year 10 and now Year 11 English curriculum in Australia is challenging and something I wish I’d done earlier in my career. Yes, we must know our primary curriculum and early secondary (to a point) but pulling apart these higher levels is interesting.
Angela Stockman has given me some excellent advice and even though I’ve been unpacking curriculum for many years, these standards are complex. Her advice is breaking the standards into learning targets that can be taught in one lesson and can be understood by teacher and student. This is essential to develop Learner Agency. Each standard has multiple targets and as my time with Mark is short, I need to maximise learning.
‘Punctuation Inquiry helps you learn how marks are used. Once you’ve read through a passage and figured out the punctuation, figure out why it’s there.’ Steve Peha
Steve uses a simple chart with three headings:
Example- Why It’s Used- Questions & Comments.
Mark and I focussed on capitalisation. We read through the example and discussed the use of capitals. He describes looking closely at a text as close reading. This is a quick activity and can be done daily on 75-100 words a day. What an excellent launch activity.
Next we looked at Punctuation Reading. The background Steve gives for this is that ‘most of us aren’t fully aware of punctuation when we read.’
We read the passage in Be a Better Writer and then we read the passage again with the punctuation noted in words e.g. new paragraph, indent, capital on a dark capital December night in 1776 comma…
This short paragraph contained 48 marks of punctuation, ten different types of punctuation and fifteen uses of punctuation which are explained in the book.
Steve states that this activity helps you ‘learn the names of the marks’ and ‘helps you develop a sense for how they’re used in published writing.’ Another great launch activity for the classroom.
Mark is reading Triage by Scott Anderson for English. He decided that writing a chapter summary would help him to analyse the text. Summarising the first chapter was excellent, because the first chapter sets the scene, introduces the characters and emotions and plot.
Mark wrote a well thought out paragraph. It was clearly presented, double line spaced and did not require rewriting! The punctuation was in place, placed for meaning and his spelling has greatly improved. I’ve called this his ‘awareness phase’.
I also love the dedication page in Be a Better Writer.
‘Use it to talk to your students about what matters most in writing. Use it to show them the writer you are so they’ll have a model for the writers they’ll become.’ Steve Peha


Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis Blue-billed Ducks. Photo John Gitsham Blue-billed ducks belong to the genus Oxyura, the stiff-tailed ducks. The stiff upright tail feathers of the male are distinctive enabling the birds to be identified from a long way off. These tail feathers also demonstrate the Blue-bill’s close relationship to the Musk Duck. Blue-bills feed on aquatic plants and insects, also molluscs, crustaceans and arachnids. They obtain most of their food by diving and by swimming under water. They spend little time on land. Blue-billed Duck, clearly showing stiff tail feathers in erect position. Kevin Williams Breeding occurs mainly in spring and summer, marked by a spectacular display by the male. The pair bond is brief, lasting normally only between mating and laying, although the same pair may produce multiple broods in a single season. The nest is a deep bowl of dead leaves, lined with down and placed in dense vegetation over water. Description The breeding male is distinctive with sky-blue bill, black head, chestnut body and a stiff, upright tail. The under body, tail and wings are off-white and the dark brown wings have no speculum (iridescent wing patch, as clearly seen on the Pacific Black Duck for example). In non-breeding dress the bill is slate grey with a grey-speckled head. Females have plain faces, and dark horn bills. The body is medium grey with fine barring. The beak of both sexes has a distinctive ‘ski-jump’ curve. Where to find it Blue-billed ducks can be found in the wetter south and eastern areas of South Australia. In the breeding season look for them on freshwater wetlands of all types, which are borded by reedbeds or other dense vegetation. They tend to move to larger, deeper bodies of water outside the breeding season. They are sometimes found on saltwater bodies but very seldom in marine waters.


KJV Dictionary Definition: secret
SE'CRET, a. L. secretus. This is given as the participle of secerno, but is radically a different word. The radical sense of seg is to separate, as in L. seco, to cut off; and not improbably this word is contracted into the Latin se, a prefix in segrego, separo, &c.
1. Properly, separate; hence, hid; concealed from the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individual or individuals concerned.
I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judges 3.
2. Unseen; private; secluded; being in retirement.
There secret in her sapphire cell,
He with the Nais wont to dwell. Fenton.
3. Removed from sight; private; unknown.
Abide in a secret place, and hide thyself. I Sam. 19.
4. Keeping secrets; faithful to secrets entrusted; as secret Romans. Unusual.
5. Private; affording privacy.
6. Occult; not seen; not apparent; as the secret operations of physical causes.
7. Known to God only.
1. To hide; to conceal; to remove from observation or the knowledge of others; as to secrete stolen goods.
2. To secrete one's self; to retire from notice into a private place; to abscend.
3. In the animal economy, to produce from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents; as the glands. The liver secretes bile; the salivary glands secrete saliva.
SECRE'TED, pp. Concealed; secerned.
SECRE'TING, ppr. Hiding; secerning.
1. The act of secerning; the act of the producing from the blood substances different from the blood itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mucus, urine, &c. This was considered 0by the older physiologists as merely separation from the blood of certain substances previously contained in it; the literal meaning of secretion. But this opinion is generally exploded. The organs of secretion are of very various form and structure, but the most general are called glands.
2. The matter secreted, as mucus, perspirable matter, &c.
1. The state of being hid or concealed.
2. The quality of keeping a secret.


What’s the first picture that comes into your head when you hear the word “capitalism”? For a lot of people, it probably has something to do with money or shopping malls or piles of stuff. In fact, there seems to be a general consensus that capitalism is all about acquiring material possessions. We take it as a given that the system is designed to foster a relentless pursuit of bigger, better, and more.
But while this portrayal of capitalism is certainly popular, I think it needs to be challenged. Consumption certainly plays a role in the economy, but that doesn’t mean that materialism is the epitome of the free market.
If anything, the wanton accumulation of possessions is actually discouraged by the very mechanisms that make the system tick.
The Price Mechanism
Let’s say you’re exploring a shopping mall with some friends in search of a new winter coat. After doing some casual window shopping, you spot a really nice coat in your favorite store and decide to try it on. It fits perfectly. What’s more, the design is in style and the color matches your wardrobe. But just when you start to get your hopes up, you look at the price tag. It’s $500! Dissuaded by the high price, you put the coat back on the rack and resolve to look for a cheaper one in a different store.
Now, it might be tempting to blame the high price on corporate greed, but this is simply misguided. In a free market, prices are determined by supply and demand. If high quality coats become more abundant, prices will drop until the amount being supplied equals the demand (this is known as the point where the market clears, hence the term “clearance sale”). Similarly, if coats become more scarce, prices will rise until equilibrium is once again established. Thus, prices are constantly adjusting to reflect the relative scarcity of resources in the economy.
But aside from giving us information about scarcity, another key feature of prices is that they change our consumption habits. For example, think about how you buy gas for your car. When gas is abundant, the price is lower, and the result is that you consume more of it. Likewise, when gas becomes more scarce, the price goes up, and you consume less.
In effect, prices facilitate a market-wide coordination of resource use. More specifically, they give us an incentive to economize resources in accordance with their relative scarcity.
With this in mind, let’s go back to the winter coat. When you opted to refrain from buying the expensive coat, you were responding to a price signal created by the market. It was capitalism, to put it bluntly, that discouraged your consumption. Even if you bought a cheaper coat later on, the fact that it was cheaper means that it took fewer resources to make, which means you technically “consumed” less. Indeed, every time you opt for a cheaper product, you are being guided by the price mechanism to lower your consumption.
So when something has a high price, it’s not because the seller is especially greedy. It’s simply because the resource is especially scarce. And in light of that scarcity, the market is prompting you to consume less of it.
The Accumulation of Capital
Another way capitalism discourages excessive consumption is by providing opportunities to earn money by saving and investing. Think about it this way. Every time you get a paycheck, you have to split the money into two categories, consumption and savings. Since the money is finite, there is an inherent trade off here. The more you spend on products and services, the less you can save and invest. The more you save and invest, the less you can spend on consumption.
Drawing on this dichotomy, there are two kinds of things you can accumulate. If you choose to spend most of your money, you can accumulate cars, clothing, toys, appliances, or devices, which are known as consumer’s goods. However, if you choose to save and invest most of your money instead, you can accumulate assets such as stocks or bonds, collectively referred to as capital. The businesses you invest in will then use the money to acquire tools, machinery, and buildings, which are known as capital goods. Unlike consumer’s goods, capital goods are used to create new resources, which boosts the economy. And since capital goods contribute to the economy, the owners (that is, the investors) are compensated with profits corresponding to the amount that they contributed.
Now here’s the point. Capitalism, as its name implies, is largely aimed at the accumulation of capital. But notably, the way you accumulate capital is by saving and investing, that is, by foregoing consumption.
So by promoting the accumulation of wealth, capitalism necessarily discourages the consumption of wealth. While consumerism would have us use up resources, capitalism is specifically designed to conserve and create resources. Thus, a true capitalist resists the urge to go on a shopping spree, because they understand that spending money on consumer’s goods hampers their ability to accumulate as much capital as possible.
How Governments Encourage Consumerism
So if capitalism encourages saving and discourages consumption, why do we still consume so much? Well, part of it is that people just like having material possessions, perhaps because it gives them a sense of status or comfort. It could also be that people don’t have enough financial literacy to understand the importance of saving money and of living within their means. But governments also play a significant role in this trend, primarily by undermining the market-based incentives discussed above.
For example, think back to the price mechanism that was keeping people from consuming excessive amounts of resources. Though a good economist will recognize that high prices put an important check on consumption, many consumers see high prices as a problem, and they see the government as the solution. Thus, when the political pressure is fierce enough, governments inevitably interfere, often by outsourcing a portion of the cost to taxpayers. Then, since the cost is lower for the consumer, people buy more of the product.
For example, if the government promised to bring the price of that winter coat down from $500 to $400 by making taxpayers pay the difference, people would buy more of those coats. However, it’s not like each individual coat takes any less resources to produce. All that’s happened is that more of society’s resources are being put toward fancy winter coats and thus less resources are being put toward other things such as capital investment.
In the real world, this practice takes many forms. Sometimes, it looks like tax credits for fancy electric vehicles or solar roofs. In other cases, it takes the form of government subsidies and grants for luxurious post-secondary degrees. But if we think about it, the voracity that ensues in the wake of these interventions shouldn’t be all that surprising. People will always be eager to splurge when they don’t have to pay the full cost for their indulgence.
Aside from undermining the price mechanism, governments also encourage consumerism by punishing savers and investors. In the same way that taxes on cigarettes cause people to buy fewer cigarettes, taxes on savings such as capital gains taxes, inheritance taxes, and inflation cause people to save less, leading to relatively higher rates of consumption.
Of course, this is not to say that capitalism leads to lower consumption overall. The higher productivity made possible by private property and free trade allows us to consume more than we otherwise would, which is how we improve our standard of living. So capitalism is not against consumption as such. Rather, it expands our ability to consume, while simultaneously providing incentives to keep our consumption levels moderate relative to the amount being produced.
Adopting a New Paradigm
Though discussing economic theory and describing how markets work is certainly valuable, perhaps what’s most important is that we paint a new, more accurate picture of capitalism, one that challenges the misguided notion that it promotes consumerism. Maybe that picture could be a factory, with people hard at work creating affordable products for the masses. Maybe it’s a small business that stewards its resources carefully and makes its customers feel welcome.
Or maybe we can even redeem the shopping mall. Maybe, beyond all the clothing, toys, and gadgets, we can picture thousands of little price tags, silently encouraging us to consume less and save more.
Consumerism Is Keynesianism by Steven Horwitz
Consumer Spending Doesn’t Drive the Economy by Mark Skousen
The Truth about Savings and Consumption by Steve Patterson


A study of ecosystem interaction chains in a remote atoll in the Pacific Ocean suggests that human disturbances, such as forest conversions, can corrupt the links that tie together ecological interactions and cause the chains to become radically shortened or go extinct. The research is published in the journal Scientific Reports.
Human impact on biodiversity is usually measured by decreases in species abundance or richness. Equally important, but harder to measure, is the anthropogenic elimination of ecological interactions. Douglas McCauley and colleagues conducted a focused study of ecosystem connections at the Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean, which comprises both habitats that have been altered by human disturbances and relatively undisturbed areas, allowing the evaluation of anthropogenic influences on ecosystem chains. They report the persistence of a long ecosystem interaction chain, which links trees to manta rays via changes to seabirds, forests, soils, nutrient runoff and plankton communities. The results show this complex interaction chain is maintained by the relative lack of human disturbance in the better protected parts of the atoll, whereas in regions where native trees have been replaced by human-propagated palm trees, the chain readily breaks down.
Observations from other systems suggest that many long ecological interaction chains may be vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances, although the effects will depend on the nature of the perturbation and the properties of the system. Further investigation of remaining pristine environments will add to our understanding of the implications of this type of environmental change on ecosystem connectedness.


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10. Selecting the Correct Chart
The chart you choose to use depends entirely on the data you wish to chart. In this lesson, learn which charts are the best to use for a number of different datasets.
Stacked column charts
- Used when a metric such as revenue needs to be separated into components
- Common uses include plotting revenue by region or by product type
- The horizontal axis is often a year or a month but not always so
Clustered column charts
- Used when multiple metrics need to be compared
- Comparing revenue or profits against competitors is a common use case for this chart
- If you have more than 3 columns in a cluster, the chart can be become difficult to read
100% stacked column charts
- Used when we want to examine relative proportion rather than absolute values
- Plotting market share is a common use case for this chart
- Pie charts serve a similar purpose but cannot easily show changes over time
- Horizontal charts that can either be clustered or stacked
- Not suited to data which has time on the horizontal axis
- However, can be easier to read than a column chart in other use cases
- Used primarily when we have to plot a large dataset
- Not particularly useful for stacked data but can be used to compare against competitors
- Plotting commodity prices or stock prices is a common use case for this chart
Now that you know how to create charts, it's important that you select the right chart for your data. In this lesson, I'm going to run through a couple of typical datasets that you may need to plot on a chart, and show you which chart options are best. Let's start with the stacked column chart, which we've used a lot in this course. The stacked column chart is ideal when you want to break down a figure, such as revenue, into its discrete components. I tend to use the stacked column chart a lot for revenue and profit charts, separating these figures by product, by geographic region, or even by salesperson. Next up, is the clustered column chart.
This chart works well when we want to compare certain metrics that are not typically summed together. For example, if we wanted to show revenue and gross profit for each year, the clustered column chart works well in this case, because the numbers would make no sense if stacked on top of each other.
I also use the clustered column chart when comparing competitors along particular metrics.
Next up, is the 100% stacked column chart.
This chart is very useful when we're interested in the relative percentage proportion, rather than the absolute numbers. A classic case for using this chart, is when you're trying to understand market share. Pie charts also work well for this type of chart, but I find the 100% stacked column chart easier to read, particularly if I want to include multiple years on the same chart.
The bar chart, on the other hand, is simply a horizontal version of the column chart. If my axis is not time-based, for example, here, I'm comparing salesperson performance, then I may use a bar chart, which can be easier to read. Bar charts are particularly useful if you want to create a tornado chart, when the positive and negatives can create the tornado effect.
Here, I used the tornado chart to show newly acquired customers on the positive side, and lost customers on the negative side, for each salesperson.
Next up, is the line chart.
Line charts should be used for large datasets. Common uses of line charts are when plotting stock prices, or commodity prices over time. In fact, time is almost always the horizontal axis on a line chart. These charts I've shown you should satisfy almost all of your charting needs. It's worth exploring the other charts available in Excel, by going to Insert, checking out the scatter, the area, and the other charts such as the surface, bubble, and donut. I find that many of these charts, particularly the surface and the radar charts, are quite hard to read. And in fact, sticking to the column charts, bar charts, and line charts, is often the best option.


Alcoholism threatens more people than ever (support.html # ui-id-19). It kills tens of thousands of people each year in Germany, the social-medical consequences (job loss, hospital admissions, sick leave) are exorbitant, but also other consequences such as traffic accidents are very serious. Despite some successes, including in the medical field, it often takes years, before alcoholics live abstinently or drink significantly less. In a majority of cases however, this is never achieved. Along the way, this newly developed App can help you to become aware of the extent of harmful alcohol consumption, but also whether or not there is an addiction. Above all, it can help to drink less or nothing. This is achieved through intelligent reinforcements provided by the App. A special part of this app is the stabilisation of the therapeutic success – often not sufficiently covered in current therapy programs. So with this App there a flexible, everywhere usable “tool” available, which on the one hand is astonishingly simple, on the other hand amazingly comprehensive, for the reduction of the drinking volume up to achieving abstinence (http://www.meconapp.de/alkohol-reduzieren.html).
Prof. Dr. H.-P. Volz Krankenhaus für Psychatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatische Medizin Schloss Werneck


Matter Worksheets, Matter Worksheet, Free Matter Worksheets, Matter Worksheets for Kids, Matter Printables, Matter Activities, States of Matter Worksheets
Matter is a great piece of physical science to learn. Why not take a look at our worksheets for solids, liquids, or gases? Gases are usually the hardest to think of examples for. See how many of them your students can name!


In the produce section, there’s a fruit making all others green with envy. If you guessed the pear-shaped berry (yes, we said berry) known as avocado, you’re correct. But are avocados really good for you? And are there any other ways to enjoy them besides guacamole? How to eat avocado is easier and tastier than you might realize. Yet before we share some of our favorite tips and recipes, let’s take a quick look at why this star of the produce section shines.
Yes, Avocados Are Good for You (Really)
While avocados are the main ingredient of one of America’s most beloved party dips, they’re also showing up in everything from burgers and salads to smoothies and desserts. Here are just some of the reasons why this green berry reigns a supreme superfood:
- Avocados provide nearly 20 vitamins and minerals in every serving, including 20 percent of your daily recommended amount of folate, 17 percent of your daily recommended amount of vitamin C and 26 percent of your daily recommended amount of vitamin K.
- Avocados have more potassium than bananas. Studies have shown that routine consumption of potassium can help you maintain a healthy blood pressure (high blood pressure is linked with heart attacks, stroke and kidney failure).
- Avocados may be high in fat, but the fat is monounsaturated, a “good” fat that actually helps lower bad cholesterol, as long as it’s eaten in moderation.
- Avocados are high in fiber. Fiber helps you feel full longer, and therefore, has important benefits for weight loss and metabolic health. A 3.5-ounce serving of avocado contains 7 grams of fiber, or 27 percent of the daily recommended amount.
- Avocados are loaded with antioxidants, specifically lutein and zeaxanthin. These nutrients are essential for eye health, and lower your risk of macular degeneration and cataracts.
- Avocados are a good source of B vitamins, which can help you stave off disease and infection.
Despite the many health pluses, it’s important to keep in mind that avocados aren’t calorie-free. One ounce (or one-fifth) of a medium avocado equals 50 calories.
How to Eat Avocado (and Love It)
Now that we’ve told you why avocados love you, we’ll show you how you can love to eat them. Below you’ll find 12 delicious ways to think outside the standard party-dip bowl:
1. Avocado smoothie, anyone? You scream, I scream, we all scream for avocado smoothies. To be honest, it isn’t ice cream, but it may be the next best thing (and it’s good for you, too). Avocados make for a great summer-time smoothie. Simply combine:
- 1 ripe avocado (halved and pitted)
- 1 cup milk
- 3 tablespoons honey
- 1/2 cup vanilla yogurt
- 8 ice cubes
into your blender, and blend until smooth.
2. Go ahead, have fries with that. No fryer needed. Simply slice the avocado, dip the slices in egg, roll in bread crumbs and bake. Check out this tasty recipe from Epicurious.
3. You’re on a (sushi) roll. This sushi recipe from Health.com features an avocado and shrimp roll that’s as tasty as it is easy to roll. The secret to its straightforwardness is the fiber-rich addition of avocado. You can also boost your fiber by switching to brown rice.
4. Now you’re cooking. Cooking avocado. What used to be considered a mistake is now a foodie trend. For a vegan-friendly dish, brush a grill or grill pan with olive oil and place half a pitted avocado face down on the heat for three to four minutes. Fill the cavity with your favorite salsa.
For breakfast, whisk an egg, and season with salt, pepper and garlic. Pour into a pitted avocado half and bake for four or five minutes at 350 degrees until egg is set.
5. More mac and cheese, please. This avocado mac and cheese recipe only takes 30 minutes to prepare, it’s perfect for any weeknight dinner and it’s definitely kid-friendly.
6. Jazz up that boring salad. Tired of the same-old spinach and kale? In addition to the wealth of nutrients they offer, avocados make food more colorful and engaging, helping you meet your recommended daily servings of fruits and veggies. You can spruce up any salad just by adding some sliced or chopped avocado. Create your own salad (or even salad dressing), or for a little inspiration, check out these avocado salad tips.
7. These avocado brownies aren’t just for kids. Plus, they’re egg-free, gluten-free, dairy-free, and therefore, guilt-free. Seriously, these dark chocolate avocado brownies are some of the best brownies you’ll ever taste.
8. Soup’s on. Fans of gazpacho and cold soups should consider trying this zucchini and avocado soup with cucumber salsa. Great for a healthy appetizer, this soup has a smooth texture, a refreshing taste and just the right amount of spice.
9. Chocolate mousse. (Yes, you read that right.) It’s a snap to make, too. Just combine:
- 1 very ripe avocado
- 6 ounces of melted semisweet chocolate
- 3 tablespoons honey
- a pinch of salt
in a food processor, and blend until smooth. While nobody will be able to identify the secret ingredient, they’re sure to recognize the love at first taste.
10. BLAST (Bacon, Lettuce, Avocado, Salmon and Tomato) Burgers with Sriracha Aioli. Okay, so the acronym doesn’t roll off the tongue quite like BLT, but trust us, you’ll enjoy the wonderful complexity of this burger recipe from Rachael Ray. The avocado makes this brunch, lunch or dinner burger richer and more satisfying.
11. Sculpt the perfect sandwich. If you’re trying to maintain a healthy weight, swapping mayo or cheese with avocado can not only lighten up your sandwich, but also add 20 vitamins and minerals. Using one-fifth of an avocado (either spread on the bread or sliced) versus two tablespoons of mayo or one slice of American cheese will trim out 40 to 50 calories and three to four grams of fat. Try skipping the mayo in chicken salad, and instead, add a very ripe avocado to the mix. Mash the avocado in a large bowl. Add chicken and salt, and mix well. Place mixture on toasted wheat with some crunchy greens.
12. Because it’s still okay to dip. When it comes right down to it, we all still love our dips. Give this lighter and more grown-up version of guacamole a whirl. It’s a sophisticated addition to any celebration or your average Wednesday night.


General Knowledge on Cell Cycle & Cell Division
A complete General knowledge on Cell Cycle and Cell Division for you competitive examinations such as UPSC, IAS, Banking SBI PO, Railway Group-D, SSC, CGL and others.
The most significant manifestation of life is reproduction which may be at organismic, cellular or molecular level. Cell division is the method that enables life to perpetuate, generation after generation. This is equally true in case of the simplest organisms like Amoeba and highly complex ones as humans, animals or plants. Cell division produces new cells from pre-existing ones in order to help in growth, replacement, repair and reproduction in all living organisms.
During cell division a cell divides into two daughter cells (mitosis) or four daughter cells (meiosis). These are exactly similar to each other as well as resemble the parent cell. These characters are transmitted from parent cell to the daughter cells in the form of genes which are located on chromosomes. The Chromosomes are called the hereditary materials. These chromosomes are present in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are able to carry character because of the fact that they duplicate before the beginning of cell division. The chromosomes contain DNA.
# Cell Cycle :
Every Cell capable of divisions passes through recurring events called the cell cycle. The sequence of events including duplication of DNA, synthesis of other cell constituents, growth and division, that a cell undergoes from the time of its formation upto its division into daughter cells is called cell cycle. Duration of cell cycle i.e. duration between two successive cell division is called generation time.
A cell cycle consists of the following two phases i.e.
- Interphase (Non-dividing phase)
- Mitotic phase (Dividing phase)
# Interphase :
It is the non-dividing, preparatory phase during which a cell prepares for the next cell division and grows to the same size as their mother cell. The chromatin reticulum, also called chromatin network, duplicates (makes its copy), due to the duplication of DNA contents. It is further divided into three sub-stages i.e.,
G1-phase : G1 phase is known as the First Growth Phase or Post-mitotic phase. G1 is the longest phase of interphase. In this phase the cell in metabolically active. The RNA and proteins are synthesized and volume of cytoplasm increases hence cell grown in size. The cell carries out normal functions and gets prepared for the next phase. There in no change in the DNA contents of the cell during this phase.
S-Phase : S- phase is known as synthesis phase. Synthesis of DNA takes place and the chromosomes get duplicated (makes its copy).
G2-phase : G2-phase is known as second Growth Phase or Pre-mitotic phase. This is a shorter growth phase in which syntheses of DNA stops. However, formation of RNA and proteins, necessary for cell division, continues. It prepares the cell to undergo mitotic phase (the next cell division) and thus the cell cycle goes on.
# Mitotic Phase :
It is the dividing phase of the cell. During this phase the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm undergoing four important stage. These are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. After Telophase the new cells formed again carry on with the cell cycle and this process goes on and on.
The cell cycle cannot go on endless. At some places it stops permanently like in brain and nerve cells, one formed in the embryo do not divide further. Once dead, they are not replaced. At some places it stops temporarily, like the liver cells which divide only once every one to two years to replace damaged cells. At other places it divides till it is needed, kile epithelial lining of the alimentary canal last only for five days and that sin epidermis cells about fifteen days.
Do you know?
- Mammalian skin surface skin cells are continuously lost and replaced by the underlying cells.
- A cell inside the cheek divides about once in 24 hours.
- The nerve cells in the brain, cells of eye lens and most muscle cells last a lifetime but once dead are never replaces.
- Red blood cells last for 120 days and are replaced.
- In plants, cells of meristems (growing points) divide very rapidly and produces new leaves, buds and flowers.
- Uncontrolled cell cycles may lead to tumours that may or may not be cancerous.
# Types of Cell Division
The cell division is of two types :
# Mitosis :
It is a type of cell division during which a cell divides into two daughter cells, each containing similar and same the number of chromosomes as present in the parent cell.
Since the number of chromosomes in this type of division, remains the some, hence it is also called equational cell division. This type of cell division takes place in somatic or body cells during growth, development and repair of an organism, hence, also known as somatic cell division. Mitosis was first of all described by Flemming in animal cells and named it as “Mitosis” in 1882.
As we know, the cell prepared itself for mitosis during interphase. The following three important events take place during interphase.
- The cell grows to the same size as their mother cell.
- RNA and proteins synthesized and volume of cytoplasm increases.
- DNA synthesis takes place and chromosomes get duplicated.
During interphase, chromosomes exhibit a minimum degree of condensation or coiling but cannot be distinguished individually. There is an increase in volume of interphase nucleus as well as nucleolus. The cell is quite active metabolically. Since DNA synthesis occurs, therefore, no alternative is left for the cell except to divide by entering the mitotic phase. The process of mitosis is studied in two parts i.e.,
# Karyokinesis (Division of Nucleus) :
All the changes in nucleus that occur during cell division are collectively termed as Karyokinesis.
During Karyokinesis many events take place in a particular sequence. All these events are studied in the following four stages :
(i) It begins with the shortening and thickening of chromosomes. These chromosomes are clearly visible inside the nucleus. Each chromosome splits longitudinally to form two chromatids. They are joined at one point called centromere or kinetochore.
(ii) The centriole in the centrosome of animal cell divides into two. The centrosphere (structure which surrounds the centrioles disappear from the centrosome, setting the centrioles free.
(iii) Centrioles develop very fine eyelash like threads called astral rays. Centrioles along with astral rays are called asters.
(iv) The two asters start moving towards the opposite poles. By the end of prophase they reach at the opposite poles.
(v) Between the two asters develop very fine proteinaceous thread like structures called spindle fibres. Asters along with spindle fibres is called spindle or mitotic apparatus. Such a spindle is called amphiastral spindle. In plants, the spindle is without asters and is called anastral spindle.
(vi) The chromosomes get attached with the spindle fibres from the centromeres.
(vii) The nuclear membrane and nucleolus start disappearing in the middle in prophase and totally disappear by the end.
The chromosomes begin to start peculiar movements. They arrange themselves between the poles, on the equator of the spindle.
The chromosomes so arranges for a plate like structure called equatorial plate or metaphase plate.
Each centromere splits into two daughter centromeres each retain one of the two chromatids,The structure so formed are now know as sister chromatids or daughter chromosomes.
Sister chromatids of each pair is formed, start moving towards the opposite poles. This movement perhaps brought about by the contraction of spinndle fibres.
By the end of anaphase, out of each pair of sister chromatids, one reaches at one pole and the second at the other pole of the spindle.
Each sister chromatid which reaches at the opposite poles starets uncoiling thinning and elongating. They form a network like structure called chromatin reticulum.
Around each chromatin reticulum at the two poles, reappears nuclear membrane giving rise to two daughter nuclei.
Nucleoli reappear in each daughter nucleus.
Spindle fibres, astral rays disappear.
The centrioles duplicate. They surrounded by centrosphere again producing centrosome near each daughter nucleus.
Division of the cytoplasm in known as cytokinesis. In plant cells, cytokinesis takes place by the formation of cell plate. Whereas, in animal cells it is by the appearance of furrow in the cytoplasm.
In plant cells, vesicles from Golgi bodies appear at the equator of the spindle. It forms a cell plate. It divides the cytoplasm into two equal halves, one around each daughter nucleus. Then primary cell wall in laid on either side of the cell plate.
In animal cells, a constriction (Furrow) appears parallel to the equator of spindle, in the cell membrane. It deepens towards the centre of the cell, finally dividing the cytoplasm in two halves. One half of the cytoplasm is around one daughter nucleus and the other around the second daughter nucleus. It completes the formation of two daughter cells. They contain exactly similar and the same number of chromosomes as present in the parent cell.
# Identification of Mitosis :
Each chromosome with two two chromatids
Disappearance of nuclear membrane.
Disappearance of nucleolus
Formation of the spindle
Chromosomes arranged at equator as equatorial plate.
Splitting of each chromosome into two daughter chromosomes
Movement of daughter chromosomes towards opposite pole.
Uncoiling of chromosomes,
Disappearance of spindle
# Meiosis :
The term meiosis was coined by Farm and Moore in 1904. It is a special type of cell division that take place in the reproductive organs in humans to produce sperms and ova. In flowering plants, it takes place in the anthers and the ovary to produce pollen grains and ovules respectively.
Meiosis is a type of cell division in which cell undergoes two successive division producing four daughter cells each containing half the number of chromosomes as compared to the parent cell. It is also called reductional cell division.
Do you know ?
Meiosis always takes place in diploid cells. A diploid cell is one in the nucleus of which the chromosomes are present in the form of pairs i.e., each type of chromosomes are two in number, one is maternal and other is paternal.
There are two types of meiosis. They are –
- Meiosis-I or Reductional division
- Meiosis-II or Equational division.
Meiosis-I or Reductional division : During meiosis-I or First meiotic division, a diploid cell (2n) divides into two haploid (n) daughter cells. It is called reductional division because the number of chromosomes is reduced to half in the daughter cells. This division always takes place in those cells in which the chromosome are present in the form of pairs of homologous chromosomes.
Homologous chromosome : The chromosomes which are exactly similar in shape and size and bear same genes at same loci are called homologous chromosomes. In each pair of this chromosome one is shared by the male parent (paternal chromosome) and the other is shared by the female parent (maternal chromosome).
Meiosis_II or Equational division : Meiosis-II division is much similar to mitosis. It is known as equational division, because it maintains the number of chromosomes received by the daughter cells at the end of meiosis-I. hence, in the end of meiosis four haploid cells are produced from one diploid cell in which each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes as compared to plant cell.


Wednesday, January 28, 2009
This is a nice way to have your students create timelines and it can be done very quickly. The only drawback is that the descriptions are fairly short. Run your cursor over the pictures and the descriptions will appear. To see the entire timeline on the timerime website go here.
Sunday, January 25, 2009
Thursday, January 22, 2009
Sunday, January 18, 2009
My students did a blog project where they had to gather pictures, videos, links, etc. about the causes of the Civil War and then write about each. This site was a great help. It is put together by a neighboring county to mine. Honestly it is so rich, I could probably do do months of blog entries on some of the links.
Thursday, January 15, 2009
Wednesday, January 14, 2009
Keyboardr is a search engine that combines google (both the search engine as well as images) with wikipedia youtube. It really is great. For example, when I searched the term "US history" search results began to appear as soon as I typed the letter "t" and continuously changed until I had fully typed "US history." Probably it will be better as a resource for your students, but if you are having your students create their own blogs (as I am), then it will be rather useful.
Saturday, January 10, 2009
If you liked my earlier piece about how to make blogs, then you might be interested in this. Grading the work students create online is new territory for a lot of teachers. Creating a well written rubric for any assignment can be time consuming even if you are familiar with the medium your students are working in. If you're trying to create a rubric for work students are doing in a new or an unfamiliar medium the task can be downright daunting. But this site has a number of different rubrics for blogging. By the way in case you're not familiar with it, Rubistar from 4Teachers.org is a great place to get ideas for rubrics and create rubrics for a wide range of student work.


First Direct Proof of Stable Carbyne, The World’s Strongest Material
It's 40 times stronger than diamond, and it may be our next "miracle" material?
Elemental carbon is extremely versatile, and scientists have long been able to create new carbon allotropes that make for super durable and multi-functioning materials—such as everyone’s favorite material, graphene.
The “carbon family” is one very resourceful family. But even with all these developments, carbyne remained elusive. In fact, it is the only form of carbon that has not been synthesized, even though researchers have been studying its properties for over 50 years.
The reason for this is that carbyne is extremely unstable. This one-dimensional carbon chain was first discovered in 1885 by Adolf von Baeyer, who even stated that carbyne would remain elusive, as its high reactivity would always lead to its immediate destruction.
So What Do We Do?
Carbyne’s mechanical properties are theorized to exceed all known materials. It’s assumed to be 2x stiffer than graphene, 40x stiffer than diamond, and have greater tensile strength than any other carbon material. With these kinds of properties, no wonder we’ve been trying to find ways to stabilize it.
And now, an international team of researchers have now found a way to mass produce carbyne.
The team took two layers of graphene, pressed them together, and rolled them into thin, double-walled carbon nanotubes. The tubes were then wrapped around the atoms. These nanotubes protect the carbyne chains from meeting imminent doom. Their research is published in the journal Nature Materials.
Before their discovery, the record-holding number of carbon atoms in one continuous chain was 100. Now, the record has been broken with an astounding 6,400 atoms utilizing this novel method – and the chain continues to be stable.
Also, carbyne’s electrical properties increase with its chain length. This means that researchers will be able to experiment with the material more effectively with success from the nanotubes. There is a huge wealth of possible applications using carbyne, and we’re excited to see what kinds of devices will arise with the delivery of this “miracle” material.
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The Virgil Encyclopedia is the first comprehensive reference volume to be published in English on Publius Vergilius Maro, the classical Roman poet whose works and thoughts have been at the center of Western literary, cultural, artistic, and pedagogical traditions for more than two millennia. Through more than 2,200 carefully researched entries, scholars and students alike are provided with an in-depth treatment of all aspects of Virgil’s poetry and his immeasurable influence that continues to the present day.
Solomon and Marcolf enjoyed an extraordinary heyday in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its first half constitutes a dialogue, mostly of one-liners, between King Solomon and a wily, earthy, and irreverent rustic named Marcolf, while its second recounts tricks that the peasant plays upon the ruler. Although less known than Till Eulenspiegel, Solomon and Marcolf was printed not only in Latin but also in German, English, Italian, and other European languages. Marcolf was associated closely with Aesop as well as with practical jokers and clowns in vogue in early modern literature. Today Solomon and Marcolf has notoriety from its mention in Gargantua and its analysis by Mikhail Bakhtin in Rabelais and His World.
Traditions about Solomon and Marcolf became widespread at the very latest by 1000, but perhaps centuries earlier. The Latin prose as it has been preserved is likely to have taken shape around 1200, but the earliest extant manuscript dates from 1410. Tantalizing bits of evidence point to connections between Marcolf and the Near East. Thus the contest with Marcolf was related to riddle competitions between King Solomon on the one hand and King Hiram of Tyre or the Queen of Sheba on the other.
Solomon and Marcolf, not put into English since 1492, is here presented with the Latin and a facing translation. In addition to a substantial introduction, the text comes with a detailed commentary that clarifies difficulties in language and identifies proverbial material and narrative motifs. The commentary is illustrated with reproductions of the woodcut illustrations from the 1514 printing of the Latin. The volume contains appendices with supplementary materials, especially sources, analogues, and testimonia; a bibliography; and indices.
Jacket illustration: Frontispiece of Collationes quas dicuntur fecisse mutuo rex Salomon sapientissimus et Marcolphus …, printed by Johann Weissenburger in Landshut, Germany, on May 14, 1514 (Munich, Staatsbibliothek, L.eleg.m.250, 9)
When did fairy tales begin? What qualifies as a fairy tale? Is a true fairy tale oral or literary? Or is a fairy tale determined not by style but by content? To answer these and other questions, Jan M. Ziolkowski not only provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical debates about fairy tale origins but includes an extensive discussion of the relationship of the fairy tale to both the written and oral sources. Ziolkowski offers interpretations of a sampling of the tales in order to sketch the complex connections that existed in the Middle Ages between oral folktales and their written equivalents, the variety of uses to which the writers applied the stories, and the diverse relationships between the medieval texts and the expressions of the same tales in the "classic" fairy tale collections of the nineteenth century. In so doing, Ziolkowski explores stories that survive in both versions associated with, on the one hand, such standards of the nineteenth-century fairy tale as the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, and Carlo Collodi and, on the other, medieval Latin, demonstrating that the literary fairy tale owes a great debt to the Latin literature of the medieval period.
Nota Bene explores a little-known juxtaposition of verbal text and musical notation in the Middle Ages. This particular intersection deserves attention from those interested in music, the reception of classical Latin literature, the history of education, and the development of punctuation.
Between the late tenth century and the late twelfth century, the musical notation known as neumes was provided in dozens of manuscripts for, among other texts, a number of Horace's Odes as well as for sections of epics by Lucan, Statius, and Vergil. These materials constitute a paradoxical corpus of "classical poems in plainchant" that complicates our views of both how students learned Latin and what was being sung in an era most often associated with Gregorian chant. The book wrestles first with the literary-historical puzzle of why certain passages and not others were "neumed" and later with the ethnomusicological riddles of how, where, when, and by whom the passages were sung.


Dark energy is the name given to the universal "fifth force" identified by astronomers during Earth's late 20th century. Like electromagnetism or gravity, dark energy influences all matter in the galaxy, and its effects can be seen on both cosmological and subatomic scales. The repulsive effects of dark energy are the primary reason the expansion of the universe is gradually accelerating.
Dark energy is manipulated using the extremely rare material element zero. When subjected to powerful electrical currents, element zero releases dark energy that can be harnessed to create mass effect fields, effectively raising or lowering the relative mass of all objects within the field. With the eezo nodules and natural electrical impulses in their nervous systems, biotics can generate and wield dark energy biologically, but the effort is physically demanding.
Dark energy and mass effect fields have practical uses across a wide range of manufacturing and technology fields. Most significant is the enabling of FTL travel, which has opened up the vast distances of space to exploration and colonization.
Mass Effect 2 Edit
In the years following the Battle of the Citadel, a further interest in dark energy itself has begun to emerge. Quarian studies upon the planet Haestrom reveal that its sun, Dholen, is aging prematurely as a result of the influence of dark energy. In addition, Gianna Parasini of Noveria Internal Affairs mentions that her superiors are worried about the potential issues of their clients' increased dark energy interests.
The manipulation of dark energy also figures into the events of Arrival. The mysterious Object Rho found in the Bahak system's asteroid field utilizes vast amounts of dark energy to maintain itself and the barriers protecting it so that it can continue broadcasting its enigmatic signals. The nearby Alpha Relay, the oldest known mass relay in the galaxy, can also make use of hidden dark energy reserves. When Alpha's control switches are adjusted, the relay taps into an unprecedented amount of dark energy, dramatically extending its range to sixteen other mass relays and even the Citadel.


A partial lunar eclipse will take place between Nov 18th and 19th, when the moon slips into the Earth's shadow for 3 hours and 28 minutes. The late November moon is also known as the "frost moon."
Between 2001 and 2100, there will be 228 lunar eclipses this century. Most years there will be two eclipses while some years there maybe three or four.
In May 2021 the world saw a total eclipse. Most eclipses last less than two hours, so the 3 hours, 28 minutes, and 23 seconds the moon will be in partial eclipse far surpasses others. For example in 2018, a total lunar eclipse occurred lasting 1 hour, 42 minutes and 57 seconds.
The Nov 18 eclipse will also be the longest partial lunar eclipse in 580 years, according to the Holcomb Observatory at Butler University, Indiana.
Where to watch?
NASA has forecast that the partial eclipse of the full moon will last around 3 hours, 28 minutes and 23 seconds, beginning at approximately 7:19am GMT, reaching its maximum around 9am GMT and ending at 10:47am GMT.
They say weather permitting, "a huge swath of the planet" will be able to see the eclipse. This includes North and South America, Eastern Asia, Australia and the Pacific region. It can occur earlier or later, depending on your time zone.
On the US east coast observers will begin to see it after 2am. It will reach maximum visibility at 4am. West coast observers can start to see it just after 11 pm with a maximum at 1am, according to NASA.
The Royal Observatory Greenwich, in London, reports "People in the UK will not be able to see every part of the eclipse but will still be able to see the lunar eclipse at totality when the moon turns red."
What is a lunar eclipse?
Total lunar eclipses occur when the moon traverses Earth's shadow and the entire moon is covered. Partial lunar eclipses occur when the moon does not pass completely into Earth's shadow. In the case of a partial eclipse, only most of the sun’s light is covered by the earth and this results in a dark, rusty red moon.
This reddening of the moon happens when light from the sun, despite being directly blocked by Earth’s shadow, bends around our planet and travels through our atmosphere to reach the moon.
Earth’s atmosphere filters out shorter, bluer wavelengths of light and allows only the red and orange wavelengths through, making the moon appear red.
Here are some skywatching tips for Nov 2021, from NASA:


Word of the Week 23rd September 2019
Week 2 Higher - digress
Learning Objective: To learn how to expand our vocabulary by learning a new word.
Your word is: digress
Read the handout sheet to get the meaning of the word.
Now try to spell the word using read/write/cover/write.
Now put the word into two sentences:
Words ending with ss e.g. nevertheless:
Week 2 Lower - ramble
Your target: To use the word 6 times across the week in context with what it means within either your spoken words or written words. (We won’t accept you just saying the word 6 times!)
What does ramble mean? You may have to look this up in a dictionary.
_______________ means _______________
Find some other words that mean ramble. Find three:
Words ending in le
Find three other words that end with ‘le’.
In order to learn the word and use it you will have to use it about 9 times to get used to it.
To get the word to stay in your memory you could try the following:
· Make a small poster with the word and draw a picture or pictures that represents the word.
· Write the word down in your planner and write the meaning next to it.
· Say the word in sentences and try to get the correct meaning of the word.
· Use the word in your writing this week and check that you’ve got the meaning correct. This doesn’t have to be in English, it could be in other lessons where you write like Humanities or Science.


It’s normal to be nervous about catching COVID-19. To ease your mind a little, stay informed and be prepared for what might happen if you get sick. We’re here to help you plan for what to do if you think you (or a family member) have coronavirus.
If You Think You Have COVID-19 Symptoms, Call Your Doctor
If you’re concerned that you’ve been exposed to coronavirus and you develop the main coronavirus disease symptoms (fever, cough and difficulty breathing), call your primary care physician. You can also visit them virtually from your smartphone through the AdventHealth app.
Your physician can evaluate your symptoms, answer your questions and advise you on the best next steps.
To help prevent the spread of coronavirus, you should avoid the emergency department at your local hospital except in the event of an emergency. For your safety and that of everyone around you, call your doctor from home.
If You Have COVID-19, Treatment Likely Means Isolating at Home
Unfortunately, there’s no vaccine for COVID-19 yet, and there’s no approved treatment for it — antiviral or otherwise. The CDC says that people who have coronavirus disease with mild symptoms should receive supportive care at home.
Since there’s no approved coronavirus disease treatment yet, you can count on the CDC’s guidance for the best and most up-to-date advice on what to do if you have COVID-19.
For Severe COVID-19 Cases
If your doctor determines that your coronavirus disease symptoms are severe, you may need to be hospitalized, depending on your needs. Severe cases of COVID-19 should receive care to support vital organ function, the CDC also says.
For Mild COVID-19 Cases
If you’re sick with coronavirus disease but don’t need to be hospitalized, the CDC says to isolate yourself. Treatment for mild cases of coronavirus generally means caring for yourself at home, including:
- Avoid sharing personal items with other household members
- Covering your coughs and sneezes
- Getting rest and staying hydrated
- Following your doctor’s advice on how to treat your symptoms
- Follow steps to avoid getting other people sick
- Isolating yourself (stay 6 feet away from others)
- Monitoring your symptoms closely to be sure they don’t get worse
- Stay in a specific room in the house, away from others
- Wash your hands often with soap and water
- Contact your doctor if your symptoms worsen
Facts Over Fear: Hope and Healing for COVID-19
If you or someone you know has coronavirus disease, don’t lose heart. There’s always hope and, it may surprise you to know that many coronavirus facts are actually positive:
- Getting coronavirus doesn’t mean you’ll definitely develop life-threatening illness
- The recovery rate for COVID-19 is great, at 80%
- Many people heal from COVID-19 at home
The World Health Organization (WHO) says that, “Illness due to COVID-19 infection is generally mild.” Only 1 in 5 people who get sick with coronavirus need medical care.
Trust in the Lord With All Your Heart
While we might not know what tomorrow holds, we know Who holds the future. God is in control of all things. Lean on His love during this time of uncertainty and encourage your loved ones to do the same.
Here to Help You Face the Coronavirus With Confidence
We’re here to see you through this, every step of the way. At AdventHealth, we’re here with expert, compassionate care if you or someone in your family gets sick from the coronavirus. Our hospitals and outpatient locations — including Centra Care and AdventHealth Medical Group practices — are prepared, should we treat someone who has the coronavirus.
At every stage of the outbreak, we’ll answer your coronavirus FAQs, help you prepare for a quarantine and give you other important resources on our Coronavirus Resource Hub.


What is Micro-Cap?
Micro-Cap is an analog/digital circuit simulator compatible with SPIC. It contains an integrated schematic editor that offers an interactive sketch, and simulate environment. This program is recommended for electronics engineers. It is developed by Spectrum Software. The program’s name was taken from the term Microcomputer Circuit Analysis Program. Previously, this program was known as Simulator and Logic Designer. Micro-Cap was firstly integrated as a circuit editor and a logic simulation system. It was first made available for PCs.
The program’s main goal was to offer a circuit simulation and creation environment for digital simulation. The analog version of Micro-Cap integrated text editor created circuit descriptions for a basic linear analog simulator. In September 1982, the first Micro-Cap package, as a sequel to the Circuit Designer and Simulator was released.Find the official Micro-Cap download
File types supported by Micro-Cap
Our users primarily use Micro-Cap to open these file types:
Looking for cool wallpapers?


The important role of anti-oxidants in the Human Body
YEOBOW PTY LTD P.O. BOX 510, KATOOMBA, NSW 2780 The important role of anti-oxidants in the Human Body The critical role played by anti-oxidants in keeping us healthy and fit is well researched by... ANTIOXIDANTS IN FRUITS AND HUMAN MEDICAL RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW Goran Kolevski 1*, Snezana Ivic-Kolevska2 1Clinic of Neurology, Vodnjanska bb, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 2Institute for Public Health, 50 Divizija, 6, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia *e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org Abstract Antioxidants are chemical compounds that bind the free radicals in human body …
The 6 Important Roles of Vitamin C Abundance & Health
Glutathione (or GSH) is the body’s own master antioxidant discovered way back in 1889. However, it was only about 30 years ago that the scientists began to …... Plants as natural antioxidants neutralise the effect of free radicals through different ways and may prevent the body from various diseases. Antioxidants may be synthetic or natural. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) have recently been reported to be dangerous for human health. Thus, the search for effective, non-toxic natural
Role Of Antioxidants In Human Body Which Vitamins Slow Aging?
Effect of Anti Oxidants on Human body : "Antioxidant" is the collective name for the vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, and polyphenols that protect the body from harmful free radicals. The c data structures mcq pdf 27/01/2014 · Bioavailability and Fate in Human Body. Carotenoids are abundantly present in fresh fruits and vegetables. Yellow-orange-red fruits and green leafy vegetables are known to be especially rich in nutritional Crts. The major dietary sources of Crts have been listed recently 18,19,20]. However, as pointed out by Castenmiller and West or Yeum and Russell , there is a number of factors that
What is the role of Master Antioxidant in the Human body
Natural vs. Synthetic Antioxidants in Designing Healthy Edible Oils Mihaela the nutritional qualities of sunflower oil by exploiting the potential of natural antioxidants, less harmful to human body than synthetic ones. Recently, the antioxidant activities of certain anthocyanins (polyphenols) were shown to be still higher than the activity of α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid, thus we earth a visitors guide to the human race pdf human body as well as in food system. To neutralize the effect of free radicals, the role of To neutralize the effect of free radicals, the role of antioxidants, their classification and mode of action has been discussed with recent
How long can it take?
Natural vs. Synthetic Antioxidants in Designing Healthy
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- What Do Antioxidants Do & Foods That Are High In Antioxidants?
Role Of Antioxidants In Human Body Pdf
To cope with the oxidative stress elicited by aerobic metabolism, animal and human cells have developed a ubiquitous antioxidant defense system, which consists of
- Natural vs. Synthetic Antioxidants in Designing Healthy Edible Oils Mihaela the nutritional qualities of sunflower oil by exploiting the potential of natural antioxidants, less harmful to human body than synthetic ones. Recently, the antioxidant activities of certain anthocyanins (polyphenols) were shown to be still higher than the activity of α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid, thus we
- human body are derived either from normal internal metabolic processes or from external sources as shown in Table 3. Ozougwu, Jevas C. the body’s oxidant load. ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN OXIDATIVE STRESS Antioxidants are substances which can delay or inhibit oxidation. Cell damage caused by free radicals is the major contributor to aging and to degenerative diseases of aging such …
- Oxidative stress is a harmful condition that occurs when there is an excess of ROS and/or a decrease in antioxidant levels; this may cause tissue damage by physical, chemical, psychological factors that lead to tissue injury in human and causes variety of severe human diseases.
- Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 40, November 2002, pp. 1233-I 239 Review Article Oxidant-antioxidant system: Role and significance in human body