Ancient Mesopotamia was thecradle of civilizations;to know its history is to discover cultures, cities, kings, wars and an infinity of events.Everything that the peoples of Mesopotamia developed, their culture and technical advances,influenced the rest of Western Europe and are the essence of how we think and how we live today. Mesopotamian civilization summary
Its privileged geographical location and the influx of two important rivers were essential aspects that favored the development of agricultural activities, allowing thesedentarization of manand the formation of cities.Variousancientpeoplesinhabited this region, including: theSumerians,Assyrians,andChaldeans.
Learn about the most important details about the history of Mesopotamia in this article: where it is located, what were the first civilizations, what their culture, economy and religion were like.
Meaning of Mesopotamia
The word Mesopotamia in Greek means“Land between Rivers”, an ideal name for this spectacular region where two important rivers were strategically located: Tigris and Euphrates.
The history of Mesopotamia refers to thecivilization that occupied the geographical territory of Mesopotamia, fromprehistoric timesto the collapseof the last empire in the region, theChaldean empire.At this stage, this area maintained common characteristics that allow it to be defined as a historical unit.
It was in Mesopotamia that the first permanent human settlements developed and the first city-states and empires were also erected.Although there are vestiges of older cultures, it is in Mesopotamia where the oldest architectural works from around the world are found, with the exception ofEgyptthat grew in parallel.
On the other hand, it is in this region where the most remote evidences of agricultural development are found.His writing is also one of the oldest, on a par with the Egyptian that developed almost at the same stage. Mesopotamian civilization summary
Enhance your reading: What are nomads in history/Characteristics/famous/sedentary
Where was Mesopotamia located?
It is a geographical space located in theMiddle East,north of the Arabian Peninsula(in what is currently Iraq, Iran and Syria),between two rivers: Tigris and Euphrates.It extends to the areas contiguous to the strip of both rivers and that more or less coincides with the non-desert areas of present-day Iraq.
The natural conditions, especially the fertility of the soil due to the irrigation of the rivers, allowed small villages to be formed in that territory.The cycle of floods in the rivers allowed the soil to absorb organic material and thus animal husbandry and agriculture could be developed.
Civilizations that developed in Mesopotamia
The main empires, peoples or cultures that developed in Mesopotamia were:
Sumerians Mesopotamian civilization summary
Thefirst of the civilizationsto settle in a sedentary way in Mesopotamia was that of the Sumerians.It is believed that they arrived in the region approximately 5,000 years before Christ.
It was the Sumerians whofounded the first cities, among the most important we can mention: Uruk, Ur and Nipur.These cities were considered city-states, this means that they had a totally independent organization from each other.
The Sumerian civilization was of great importance for the development of the human being, in it techniques were developed for important constructions that allowed man to control nature.For example, they built dams that prevented the advance of water coming from the rivers in the flood season, they also created reservoirs and even irrigation canals. Mesopotamian civilization summary
As if that weren’t enough, the Sumerians arealso credited with the first manifestation ofhumanwriting:cuneiform writing.This writing method was created to keep an accounting control of the royal palaces.It was made on blocks of clay using a wedge, which was nothing more than a pointed instrument.
The domination of the region by the Sumerians comes to an end when theAkkadiansconquer the cities and found their own empire.The conquest occurred in 2340 BC by King Sargon I of Akkad.
The Akkadian domain expands throughout the Mesopotamian region andlasts for a period of 141 years.This led to a change in culture, due to the diffusion of the Akkadian language in both spoken and written language.
Amorites |First Babylonian Empire
After a dark period the Sumerians reappear for a time and later theAmoritedynastiesarrive.The Amorites were also known as Babylonians and settled in that region around 2000 BC.
They occupiedBabylon, a city that was founded by theAkkadiansbut was of little importance until that time.It was the Amorites whotransformed this city into an important urban and commercial center.It became the capital of the Babylonian Empire.
The Amorites then established theFirst Babylonian Empire, they had a strong influence from the Sumerians, their most important king was Hammurabi, he developed a code that gathered a set of ancient Mesopotamian laws and that became known as theCode of Hammurabi.
Babylon was a metropolis where political power condensed and culture flourished.Testimony of this exceptional city were its temples, palaces and various architectural works.The Hanging Gardens, part of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, were located in Babylon.They also built a bridge over the Euphrates, combining stone pylons and using adobe. Mesopotamian civilization summary
Enhance your reading: Viceroyalties of Spain/definition/in Europe
Assyrians Mesopotamian civilization summary
The Babylonian empire founded by the Amorites was weakening after the death of Hammurabi, being succeeded by the Assyrians.These formed a militarized society at the end of the second millennium BC.They began their expansion and conquest in approximately 1200 BC they conquered all of Mesopotamia, also Palestine, Egypt and part of Persia.
The Assyrians becamefamous for their greed for war, they were cruel to their enemies to intimidate them and make their hegemony clear.They used violent combat techniques and treated prisoners with extreme brutality.
The towns that were conquered wereruled with cruelty and tyranny, they were also forced to pay high tributes.Assyrian violence was the reason, according to many historians, that started innumerable revolts that sought to weaken this empire by the 7th century BC.
Themost important Assyrian king was Assurbanipal, he was known to appreciatescholarship.He had the Library of Nineveh built;which brought together thousands of texts on various subjects, in cuneiform script.Much of what is known today about Mesopotamia is from what is found in this Library. Mesopotamian civilization summary
Chaldean|Second Babylonian Empire Mesopotamian civilization summary
Eventually the Assyrians grew weak and were replaced by theChaldeans.It was these whofounded the Second Babylonian Empirein 612 BC and its main king was Nebuchadnezzar II.Under the mandate of this king the reconquest of Palestine and the entire region of Mesopotamia was achieved.He is also awarded the construction of the Hanging Gardens.
Theduration of this empire was short and the lastthat developed under the power of a Mesopotamian people.After Nebuchadnezzar II died,the empire weakened and was conquered by theAchaemenid Empire(Persians) in 539 BC, with Cyrus IIas its leader.The Persians came from Persia, a region that is now Iran.
The economy and emergence of writing
Theagricultureis developed on thebanks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.The diet of this region was based on cereals, such as barley and wheat.Cotton and flax were also planted.Thanks to the hydraulic works, it was possible to take the agricultural surplus as a livelihood for the king, his family and a growing number of public officials.
Exchange-based tradealso flourished, as this region was and remains poor in metals, wood, and precious / semi-precious stones.As agricultural production increased, the kings were in a position to go to distant lands to exchange products.
Thenomadic peopleliving frombreeding animals like sheep, goats and pigs.This not only complemented food but also trade with the other cities.All this economic exchange raises the need to account for income. Mesopotamian civilization summary
Sowriting is developed to keep track of productivity.The first clay bales with cuneiform writing clearly show that they served that purpose.They are among the oldest written inscriptions in human history.
Development in science
Mathematics and other related disciplines flourished among Mesopotamian civilizations.They used adecimal and a sexagesimal systemto make calculations applied to commerce.They also used addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and even third-degree equations.
They used more complex calculations such as potency and root in later centuries.Surfaces and volumeswere calculatedusing geometry and mathematics.Astronomy allowed them to distinguish planets from stars and even to foresee astronomical events.It was they who developed the lunar and solar calendar.
Religion in Mesopotamia Mesopotamian civilization summary
The Mesopotamianshad various godsto whom actions both good and bad were attributed.These gods were considered all powerful and immortal.Each ofthe cities had its own godand if one of them gained political dominance, then its god became more cultured.
The godMarduk was theBabyloniangodat the timeHammurabiruledand all the people worshiped them.Themost important goddess was Ishtar, mistress of fertility and nature.The worship of the gods was of vital importance in Mesopotamia.When they interrupted their prayers, on their behalf, they left stone statuettes in front of the altar to pray on their behalf.
Contributions of Mesopotamian civilizations
Some of the advances that we owe to the Mesopotamian peoples and civilizations are:
- Use of currency.
- Elementary notions of Astrology and Astronomy.
- Creation of the sexagesimal system.
- Development of thefirst legal code, written by Hammurabi.
- They worked out the mail system.
- They were the first to implement artificial agricultural irrigation.
- Use of the plow.
- The boat and the sail.
- Use of harnesses for animals.
- They delved intoBronzeandCopperMetallurgy. Mesopotamian civilization summary


Origen: Escocés. First found in Perthshire, where they held a family seat from early times and their first records appeared on the early census rolls taken by the early Kings of Scotland to determine the rate of taxation of their subjects.
Variantes: MacRitchie, Ritchie, MacRichie y otros.
Motto Translated: Honour is aquired by virtue.
|Singles / Others / Otros / Ritchie ( modificado el / modified on 20.03.2017)|


Kynžvart Castle is only 10 km from Mariánské Lázně and 150 km from Prague. The castle is open from April to October, every day except Mondays from 9 am to 12 pm and from 1 pm to 5 pm (until 4 pm in winter).
The history of Kynžvart Castle dates back to the beginning of the 13th century. Originally built as a fortified castle for King Přemysl Otakar, it was renovated in the 18th century by the architect Pietro Mobile.
The castle displays a spectacular number of objects related to Napoleon Bonaparte. Indeed, the castle had once belonged to Chancellor Metternich, who had been the intermediary during Napoleon and Marie-Louise’s wedding. Visitors can see, among other things, a medallion containing a tuft of Napoleon’s hair.
And this is not the only unique sight! The Cabinet of Curiosities contains more than 2000 strange and unusual objects, such as the gloves of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico or a posthumous cast of the right hand of Alexandre Dumas. There are also many presents given by the Egyptian Viceroy to Chancellor Metternich in 1828. Among the castle’s other treasures, there is a beautiful collection of weapons dating from the 16th century.
The castle's library (one of the largest in the country) contains almost 24,000 books, including a fragment of the Old Testament dating to the late 8th century. In the 300m² English Park which surrounds the castle, visitors can admire 10 ponds and many romantic buildings, such as a mill dating from the end of the 18th century.


SV Mrs. Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi laying flower petals on tomb
CU Flowers on tomb
SV V.P. Hidayatullah (Indian vice-president) laying flowers
SV Crowds during prayers (3 shots)
GV ZOOM INTO Mrs. Gandhi seated during prayers
GV Crowd walking round tomb
Script is copyright Reuters Limited. All rights reserved
Background: October 2nd. was the 113th. anniversary of the birth of Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma) Gandhi -- the father of independent India. On that day, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi together with her son Rajiv, visited the tomb for prayers and celebrations. The Indian Vice-President Mohammad Hidayatullah joined the Prime Minister's party in the flower laying ceremony. Thousands of people had also laid wreaths and took part in the early morning prayers. Mahatma Gandhi studied law in England last century and returned to India in 1915 to campaign for independence. He was imprisoned by the British in 1939, then was prominent in the conferences that lead to self-rule in 1947. He was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist fanatic, the following year.


The story of the forty-seven rōnin is one of the best known stories in Japanese literature. The rōnin were former samurai of the Lord Asano Naganori. In the year 1701, Asano had been charged with the reception ceremony for the Imperial envoy, an important event. He was a soldier, and the Shogun assigned Lord Kira Yoshihisa (who had better knowledge of the ceremonial requirements) to assist Asano. Kira was apparently corrupt, and expected a bribe for his services from Asano. When Asano did not produce the bribe, Kira abandoned him without assistance. Asano completed the ceremony for the Imperial envoy, although it was not entirely in order. He later confronted Kira and in anger drew his sword. He wounded but did not kill Kira. The offense of drawing the sword was punishable by death and Asano was forced to commit seppuku.
Forty-seven of Asano's samurai, led by Captain Oishi Kuranosuke, developed a plan to avenge their late master. They blended into society and domestic lives, giving no hint that they harboured a secret plan. Oishi played a convincing drunk, and was derided by many, including former colleagues. Several other co-conspirators were able to infiltrate Kira's household. On December 14, 1702, the faithful samurai attacked Kira's compound in Edo. They were able to defeat the defenders, and found Kira cowering in a woodshed. Kira refused seppaku, and was killed. Thereafter, the samurai Terasaka Kichiemon was dispatched to carry news of the successful attack. The remaining 46 rōnin presented themselves to the Shogun. The rōnin had defied a shogunate order prohibiting revenge, but had also exemplified the precepts of bushido. The Shogun allowed the rōnin to commit seppaku, rather than having them executed. The 46 rōnin committed suicide on February 4, 1703. Terasaka Kichiemon, the 47th rōnin, returned the following day but was pardoned. He was the only member to survive and died at the age of 78.
You may be interested to read the account in "Tales of Old Japan"; although note that the historical reality is somewhat different from Redesdale's version (which includes many incidents added to the story over the years in its dramatization).
This story has spawed many accounts, or Chushingura, and many kabuki plays, the most popular being 'Kanadehon Chushingura.' Many ukiyo-e artists, including Kuniyoshi and Yoshitoshi, have created many works that deal with this popular subject.
In this chūban series, Seichū gishinden, Yoshitoshi depicts the 47 rōnin along with biographical information.
Roger. S. Keyes, "Courage and Silence: A Study of the Life and Color Woodblock Prints of Tsukioka Yoshitoshi 1839-1892", Cinncinnati, 1982where it appears as series #255.
We use the Keyes numbers to order the prints below.
To see a larger image of any print, please click on the thumbnail.
|#01||2/1869||Preface dated spring 1869|
|#02||2/1869||Kira Kazusanosuke Minamoto no Yoshihide
(Kira Kōzuke no Suke)
|Kira Kozuke-no-suke, also known as Moronao, insulted Asano and forced him to draw his sword in the court.|
|#03||2/1869||Asano Takumi no kami Minamoto no Naganori|
|#04||2/1869||Yoshida Chūzaemon Fujiwara no Kanesuke|
|#05||2/1869||Ōishi Chikara Fujiwara no Yoshikane|
|#06||2/1869||Chikamatsu Kanroku Minamoto no Yukishige||Chikamatsu Kanroku Yukishige's family were retainers of the Asano family for generations. His mother encouraged him to take part in the raid. Later that night, she killed herself.|
|#07||2/1869||Mase Kyūdayū Ki no Masaakira
|#08||2/1869||Onodera Jūnai Fujiwara no Hidekazu|
|#09||2/1869||Hayamizu Tōzaemon Fujiwara no Mitsutaka|
|#10||2/1869||Chiba Saburōbyōe Taira no Mitsutada
|Saburobei Mitsutada was a loyal samuari. He was a teacher of Heki-ryu, a form of archery. On the night of the raid he fought valently, killing three men.|
|#11||2/1869||Kanzaki Yogorō Minamoto no Noriyasu|
|#12||2/1869||Kan'ya Hannojō Sugawara no Masatoshi
|#13||2/1869||Hazama Shinroku Fujiwara no Mitsukaze||Hazama Shinroku Mitsukaze went to Kanto with the other loyalists and lived in Kojimachi after his lord's death. He assisted in spying on Moronao's house and fought well on the night of the attack.|
|#14||2/1869||Mase Magokurō Minamoto no Masatoki
|#15||2/1869||Muramatsu Kihei Hidenao Nyūdō Ryūen||Muramatsu Kihei was a physician after Asano's death.. He was 60 years old at the time of the attack and displayed great valor.|
|#16||2/1869||Kimura Okaemon Minamoto no Sadayuki||Kimura Okaemon Sadayuki was an expert horseman and swordsman in the service of Lord Asano.|
|#17||2/1869||Fuwa Kazuemon Taira no Shigetane||Fuwa Katzuemon Masatane was hot tempered, and an expert in suemonogiri swordsmanship. He was 35 years old at his death.|
|#18||2/1869||Ōtaka Gengo Minamoto no Tadao|
|#19||2/1869||Muramatsu Sandayū Fujiwara no Takanao|
|#20||2/1869||Kurahashi Densuke Kiyowara Takeyuki||Kurahashi Densuke Takeyuki was 24 years old on the night of the attack. He was very hot tempered and an expert in martial arts. He procured a map of the enemy's house and located the secret room where Kira hid.|
|#21||2/1869||Maebara Isuke Urabe no Munefusa|
|#22||2/1869||Kaiga Yazaemon Fujiwara no Tomonobu|
|#23||2/1869||Sugino Juheiji Fujiwara no Harufusa|
|#24||2/1869||Kayano Wasuke Fujiwara no Tsunenari|
|#25||2/1869||Onodera Kōemon Hidetome|
|#26||2/1869||Okada Sadaemon Fujiwara no Yukitaka
|#27||2/1869||Yatō Emoshichi Taira no Norikane
|#28||2/1869||Terasaka Kiemon Fujiwara no Nobuyuki
|Terasaka Kichiemon Nobuyuki was the only Ronin who did not commit seppuku because he was on an important errand. He was pardoned by the Shogun, Thereafter, and became a priest and took after the tombs of the other Ronin. He lived to be 80 years old.|
|#29||2/1869||Mimura Jirōemon Fujiwara no Kanetsune
|Mitsumura Jiroemon Kanetsune was a chef, and performed the task with care and diligence. He won numerous awards for his culinary skill.|
|#30||2/1869||Yokokawa Kanpei Fujiwara no Munenori
|#31||2/1869||Okajima Yasoemon Fujiwara no Tsuneki||Okajima Yasoemon Tsunetatsu once overcame 5 bandits with his swordsmanship, and tied them to the trees.|
|#32||2/1869||Hazama Jūjirō Fujiwara no Mitsuoki||Hazama Jujiro Motooki killed Kira with his spear. His wife killed herself at his tomb, leaving a note which read "You were a loyal servant to the lord and never wanted to serve another. Even if you lost your life, your name will live long as a great soldier."|
|#33||2/1869||Yata Gorōemon Fujiwara no Suketake|
|d||#34||2/1869||Seta Matanojō Minamoto no Takanori
|#35||2/1869||Nakamura Kansuke Fujiwara no Masatoki|
|#36||2/1869||Yoshida Sawaemon Fujiwara no Kanesada|
|#37||2/1869||Katsuta Shin'emon Minamoto no Taketaka
|#38||2/1869||Takebayashi Sadashichi Mō no Takashige
|#39||2/1869||Isogai Jurōemon Fujiwara no Masahisa
|Isogai Jurozaemon Masahisa was an expert of Naginata, the long sword. After the death of his lord, he intended to kill himself but was informed of Oishi's plan of revenge. Masahisa was a gentle man, yet he fought valiently at the raid.|
|#40||2/1869||Tomimori Sukeemon Taira no Masayori|
|#41||2/1869||Okada Magodayū Fujiwara no Shigemori
|#42||2/1869||Ōishi Sezaemon Fujiwara no Nobukiyo|
|#43||2/1869||Okano Kin'emon Fujiwara no Kanehide
|#44||2/1869||Horibe Yasubei Taketsune|
|#45||2/1869||Akagaki Genzō Fujiwara no Masakata||Akagaki Genzo Masakata was fond of drinking sake. In spite of his drinking he was always respectful to everyone. On the night of the raid he was 25 years old and fought with great enthusiasm.|
|#46||2/1869||Hazama Kihei Fujiwara no Mitsunobu|
|#47||2/1869||Kataoka Gengoemon Minamoto no Takafusa|
|#48||2/1869||Horibe Yahei Minamoto no Kanemaru|
|#49||2/1869||Hara Sōemon Taira no Mototoki|
|#50||2/1869||Ōishi Kuranosuke Fujiwara no Yoshio|


Dr. Clarita Carlos of UP and a member of the Philippine Council for Foreign Relations expressed her disdain for nation states, the creation of which started with the Treaty of Westphalia in the 17th century. These states have become perennial pests with their periodic quarreling over turf, religion, trade, etc. Worse still nations are multiplying like amoeba, which may be increasingly more difficult to house them in that NY headquarters over time. Indeed at the latest count, some 145 nation-states have been created since 1816 driven by nationalist elements and encouraged by the French and American revolutions.
Her proposition supports the opposition voiced by many sectors against the attempt of our Muslim brothers in Mindanao to erect yet another “bangsa” or nation in an island first occupied by our indigenous ancestors. The IPs rather than the Muslim can truly claim the first nation status.
For my part, I rejoiced that the hegemony of the Holy Roman Empire lorded over by autocratic European monarchs was degraded by the treaty. I also welcomed the arrival on the scene of Jean Baptiste Colbert French Minister of Finance of King Louis XIV of France, the granddad of political economy which reshaped the architecture of European politics and created a template which gave birth to North and South American democracies and indeed of the New World.
I rejoiced at the break-up of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire “where the sun never sets” the defeat of the conquistadores that gave rise to the nation states of Latin America, the Balkanization of Eastern Europe, post-World War decolonization which spawned many nations now delinked from the commercial exploitation by the First World and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
At home, I welcomed the statement of President Manuel Quezon that he would rather see this country “run like hell by Filipinos than heaven by Americans,” (he surely got his wish). Actually, the Americans did not run this country like heaven if you consider, how they tricked Aguinaldo, perpetrated the Balangiga Massacre, used water treatment as an instrument of torture, “civilized” us with the Krag – all these to accomplish the “manifest destiny” of President McKinley. But that was water under the bridge.
Since then this country has eschewed the so-called “special relations” with the US, thrown out her military bases, even as we concluded a more respectable Mutual Defense and Visiting Forces Agreements with a country that we share important values. Today a few million Filipinos, which include members of my family have pledge allegiance to the U.S. “in pursuit of the American dream,” even as hundreds of our countrymen line up daily in front of the U.S. Embassy hoping for a U.S. visa.
Today the world has embraced regionalism, multilateralism and other forms of solidarity. The vertical economic and political integration of colonial days is now replaced by horizontal integration. The European model, the template for economic and political integration has not however killed protectionism and political systems that range from left to right of its member countries. British economic liberalism has not rescued the citizens of socialist member countries from the demands of the social market economics of their populist governments. Nations continue to be divided along ideological lines and competing development paradigms.
In the Asean alone, it is doubtful whether Vietnam will give up its socialism or Myanmar the dictatorship of the military junta. The great divide in our part of the world is also ethnic, cultural and religious. Kashmir will never join India and a lot of blood was spilled in the effort to integrate the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Christian Aceh fought the Muslim Indonesians and Tibet will never bow to China, etc. This will be a stumbling block to integration. Nation states have therefore been set up to provide the necessary firewall to separate the clash of civilizations.
Today political scientists are split between “constructivists” and “realists.” The former give much importance to national pride, identity or consciousness while the realist gives a premium on interest. At home, the division is between the economic nationalist or protectionists and free-traders who favor an open economy. The former while not exactly favoring state-owned enterprises of the Chinese model favor infant industries surrounded by tariff walls and generous fiscal incentives while the latter favor global trade linkages and trans-nationalism.
State-centric adherents of International Political Economy (IPE) reject a belief popular among many scholars, public officials, and commentators that economic and technological forces have eclipsed the nation-state and are creating a global world economy in which political boundaries and national governments are no longer important. While it may be true that economic and technological forces are continuously reshaping international affairs and influencing the behavior of states in our shrinking world with its highly integrated global economy, countries continue to use their power and to implement policies to channel economic forces in ways that favor their own national economic interests These national economic interests include the quest for a favorable balance of trade and payments and control over monetary and fiscal affairs that are in consonance with the rising expectations of its citizenry and its quest for higher productivity incomes and employment – in short, for a better life.
In the last quarter of the twentieth century, nation states have come under attack from within and from without; both transnational economic forces and ethnic nationalism were tearing at its economic and political foundation but these trends only work at creating more countries rather than less.
In sum, nation-states were created to meet specific needs – to provide economic and political security and to achieve other desired goals; in return, citizens preserve the territorial integrity of the nation state, obey its laws and support it through taxes.
The big question is should identity be a more important consideration than interest in the life of a nation? As a political-economist my problem is an accurate definition of “identity” and the qualitative and quantitative measurement of “interest.”
This is an important consideration if this country is to pursue an independent foreign policy as mandated by the Constitution!


NPA is a grassroots organization of committed local citizens who contibute their time and talent to make Noblesville a better place.
We need your help. NPA is only successful when its membership is involved, engaged, and enthusiastic.
Please help us by joining a committee. We offer many opportunities. Volunteers do the work on our annual Historic Home Tour, judge our Garden Contest and our Facade Grant program. Perhaps you have particular expertise, or are just willing to dive in and assist with making success happen. It only takes a few hours a month and you will meet some terrific people.
Contact NPA anytime if you are interested in participating on a committee, or if you have comments or questions. Thank you in advance for helping NPA strengthen its community impact through positive impact.
Promoting the preservation of historic homes, neighborhoods and resources to enhance the quality of life in Noblesville
Noblesville Preservation Alliance presents
The Twelve Houses of Christmas
3rd Annual Historic Neighborhood Holiday Lights Tour
Opening Night December 5, 2014 6-9pm
(Event continues nightly 6-9pm, December 5 through December 31, 2014)
As sleigh bells start to ring and dreams of a white Christmas begin to form, Noblesville Preservation Alliance (NPA) ushers in the holiday season with our annual holiday tour. The tour’s opening night is December 5th from 6-9 pm and will continue each night through December 31st. Bring your friends and family for a self-guided tour of the beautiful historic town of Noblesville, then vote for your favorites while supporting NPA preservation efforts.
Maps are available after December 3rd at:
Nickel Plate Arts (107 S. 8th St.)
Hamilton County Historical Society/Sheriff’s Residence (810 Conner St.)
Noble Coffee and Tea (933 Conner St.)
Animal Arts (998 N 10th St.)
A Corner Cottage (895 Conner St.)
Old Picket Fence Antiques Home Décor and Gifts (894 Logan St.)
Linden Tree (856 Logan St.)
Logan Village Mall (977 Logan St.)
Noblesville Ace Hardware (603 Westfield Rd.)
Votes for your favorite homes can be cast at Nickel Plate Arts, Hamilton County Historical Society/Sheriff’s Residence and HERE
The holiday season is one of the most beautiful times to visit Noblesville. The historic architecture, featuring gingerbread millwork, wrap around porches, graceful columns and Victorian turrets is truly enhanced by holiday lights. Private homes and historic buildings will be decorated for the season. People may walk or drive the tour and enjoy the candlelit streets and brightly decorated homes…listen to the great old Christmas carols and hear the laughter of the children as they whisper to St. Nick – and maybe for a few short hours, return to a time of Christmases past.
The opening reception is free and open to the public. It will be held on Friday, December 5th, 6-9 pm at the Judge Stone House on the campus of Nickel Plate Arts at 107 S. 8th St. This will be a great opportunity to meet people within the community and NPA. It will be a festive night in Noblesville, with lots of family-friendly activities throughout the downtown area.
Through exhaustive research, Noblesville’s historic core neighborhoods have been divided into “Zones of Significance.” These zones tell the story of Noblesville’s development and have many distinct cultural, historical and architectural features. Twelve Residential homes will represent some of the different zones or historical districts in NPA’s 3rd Annual “12 Houses of Christmas – Historic Neighborhood Holiday Lights Tour.” The twelve featured homes for this year’s tour will be publicized after the maps are available to the public on December 3rd.
. The Zones of Significance are:
Pioneer Homestead Johnstown Plum Prairie Central Square Gilded Age New Frontier Midland Old 2nd Ward Old 1st Ward Lincoln Park Broadview Manor Gentleman Farmer’s Federal Hill
In addition to homes within Old Town Noblesville’s historic districts, NPA welcomes community businesses to celebrate the holiday season with us by decorating their storefront/property festively. Participating businesses in Old Town will be recognized on NPA's “Twelve Houses of Christmas – Historic Neighborhood Holiday Lights” map as a driving tour featured location.
The Noblesville Preservation Alliance wishes to thank our generous event sponsors, who include:
FRONT DOOR – IDI Composites International.
FRONT PORCH – Community Bank, Riverview Health, Smith's Jewelers,
GOOD NEIGHBOR – Logan St. Signs and Banners, Noblesville Ace Hardware


17 days ago
بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Kota Tua Jakarta, also known as the Old Batavia (Oud Batavia), is a small area in Jakarta, Indonesia. This special area has an area of 1.3 square kilometers across North Jakarta and West Jakarta (Pinangsia, Taman Sari and Roa Malaka). Nicknamed the "Asian Gem" and "Queen of the East" in the 16th century by European sailors, Jakarta Lama was considered the trade center for the Asian continent because of its strategic location and abundant resources. The city of Batavia was completed in 1650. Batavia later became the headquarters of the VOC in the East Indies. The canals are filled because of the emergence of tropical outbreaks inside the city walls because of poor sanitation. The city began to expand to the south after epidemics in 1835 and 1870 pushed many people out of the narrow city to the Weltevreden area (now the area around Merdeka Square). Batavia later became the administrative center of the Dutch East Indies. In 1942, during the Japanese occupation, Batavia changed its name to Jakarta and still serves as the capital city of Indonesia until now. In 1972, the Governor of Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, issued a decree which officially made the Old City a heritage site. The governor's decree was intended to protect the architectural history of the city - or at least the remaining buildings there. Although the Governor's decree was issued, the Old City remained ignored. Many residents warmly welcomed this decree, but not much was done to protect the heritage of the Dutch colonial era.
Follow my IG:
#wearearchtecture30family at Wisata Kota Tua Jakarta


More than a century has passed past since German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovered the treasures of Bronze Age Mycenae. The richly decorated artefacts of the entombed warriors, whose bodies still lay in their graves, confirmed that Homer's epic The Iliad was based upon true events, and that the Achaeans described in his poems probably did exist. Through a combined study of the mythical tradition, archeological findings and written sources, this fascinating addition to the Warrior series explores the evolution of warfare in the Bronze Age Greek world. Covering weaponry, clothing, helmets and body armour, it provides a richly illustrated guide to the warriors who have shone from the pages of Homer's poem for almost three millennia.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC ISBN: 9781849081955 Number of pages: 64 Weight: 213 g Dimensions: 248 x 184 x 7 mm
Simply reserve online and pay at the counter when you collect.
Available in shop from just two hours, subject to availability.
Thank you for your reservation
Your order is now being processed and we have sent a confirmation email to you at
This item can be requested from the shops shown below. If this item isn't available to be reserved nearby, add the item to your basket instead and select 'Deliver to my local shop' at the checkout, to be able to collect it from there at a later date.
When will my order be ready to collect?
Following the initial email, you will be contacted by the shop to confirm that your item is available for collection.
Call us on or send us an email at
Unfortunately there has been a problem with your order
Please try again or alternatively you can contact your chosen shop on or send us an email at


The Castello Visconteo has a long engaging history behind made up of splendors and power politics, quarrels and rearrangements: a place of parties and diversions, for a long time it was the scene of clashes between Guelphs and Ghibellines and of an endless sequence of wars between enemy families and authorities fighting for dominance on the city of Milan.
Among its sturdy walls it welcomed ladies, well-known artists and celebrities, like Leonardo da Vinci, Ludovico Il Moro and Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
Year 808: The first building of the castle takes place around this year
Year 887: The castle houses the German king Carloman, the first in a long series of guests who would stay in the castle
X-XV century: Throughout the Middle Ages the castle is point of contention between Guelphs and Ghibellines and later between the Torriani and Visconti family
1294: Ottone Visconti, Archbishop of Milan from 1261 to 1295, widens the castle on three sides
1446: The Venetians seize the castle, reinforce it and equip it with ramparts and fortresses 1451 – 1474: The castle undergoes an intense rework and fortification
1490: The castle hosts the wedding of Galeazzo Maria Sforza and Isabella d’Aragona late XV century: Leonardo da Vinci stays in the castle’s tower and here carries out part of his studies on the flight of birds.
1700: The castle is used as district prison (remains a prison until 1959)
1999: The castle undergoes significant refurbishment works that reveal amazing frescoes from the Giotto school.


Arthur Fraser Walter
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Walter born on 12 September 1846. He studied at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford. He entered Lincoln's Inn to study law. He was called to the bar as a barrister, but never practised. John Walter (second), the grandfather of Arthur, died on 28 July 1847. John Walter (third) succeeded to the management of The Times in 1847. Arthur made agreements with the American firms to sell the Encyclopædia Britannica. He was also responsible for the establishment of the Times Book Club.
Walter's father died on 3 November 1894 and he became the new chief proprietor of The Times in 1894. He remained chief proprietor of The Times until 1908, when it was converted into a company. He then became chairman of the board of directors of the company that purchased the paper. He died on 10 August 1910.
Walter also held several other positions. He was a Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers, a Director of the London & Southwestern Railway, High Steward of Wokingham, and a member of the Travellers' and Union Clubs.
- "ARTHUR FRASER WALTER DEAD; Former Chief Proprietor of London Times Was 64 Years Old.". The New York Times. February 23, 1910. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C0DE5DA1139E333A25750C2A9649C946196D6CF. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
- Seymour-Ure, Colin (2004). "‘Walter, Arthur Fraser (1846–1910)’" (subscription required). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56805. http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101056805/.


New York City, New York, dates unknown but between 1827 and 1884.
Classification: Employee or Independent Contractor
From the OHS PC Database, derived from A Guide to North American Organbuilders,, rev. ed., by David H. Fox (Organ Historical Society, 1997). -
With Henry Erben firm of New York City, New York.


Amsterdam is said to have more museums per square metre than any other city in the world. With its picturesque canal network and rich history, the Netherlands’ vibrant capital is one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. If you’re not able to travel to Amsterdam in person, you can explore the city’s world-class museums and galleries online. Here’s my pick of Amsterdam’s best virtual museum and gallery tours.
Anne Frank House
Anne Frank House is where the Jewish wartime diarist lived in hiding with her parents, sister and another family during World War II. The building is now a museum in Anne’s memory, and it has some excellent online resources. You can explore the Secret Annex online, or put on your VR glasses and take a virtual stroll through the hiding place where Anne wrote her diary. You can also look around the house where the Frank family lived before going into hiding, and visit an online exhibition about Anne Frank’s life. The excellent Anne Frank video diary follows Anne’s experiences from March 1944 until her arrest in August 1944. You can explore Anne Frank House here.
Het Scheepvaartmuseum – Maritime Museum
Amsterdam’s National Maritime Museum is home to one of the world’s largest maritime collections, with approximately 400,000 objects covering 500 years of Dutch Maritime history. Housed in a former naval warehouse, the museum invites visitors to discover how the sea has shaped Dutch culture. You can explore the museum via Google Street View – tours cover East Indiaman Amsterdam, the Dutch Golden Age, navigational instruments, and whales through the ages. You can choose your virtual tour of the museum here.
Museum Het Rembrandthuis – Rembrandt House Museum
From 1639 to 1658, the artist Rembrandt lived and worked in the canal house that now contains the fantastic Rembrandt House Museum. Visitors to the museum can learn about Rembrandt as a teacher, collector, entrepreneur and Amsterdam resident, as well as Rembrandt as an artist. You can browse the museum’s collection here.
The world-famous Rijksmuseum is a Dutch national arts and history museum. It’s the city’s grandest museum and has 80 galleries and around 8000 objects on display at any one time. Highlights include Old Masters such as Rembrandt’s The Night Watch and Vermeer’s The Milkmaid, 17th-century dolls’ houses created for rich merchants’ wives, and the Cuypers Library, the country’s oldest and most extensive collection of art history texts.
You can dive into the collection and explore its stories here.
The Stedelijk Museum is the largest Dutch museum of modern and contemporary art and design. The collection contains around 90,000 artworks and objects, dating from 1870 to the present, with works by artists such as Monet, Matisse and Picasso through to contemporary installations. You can watch tours of the collection and exhibitions here:
Van Gogh Museum
The Van Gogh Museum is home to the world’s largest collection of artworks by Vincent van Gogh and has more than 200 paintings, 500 drawings and 700 of his letters. The collection includes celebrated works such as Sunflowers, Almond Blossom and The Bedroom, 1888. You can explore the museum from home and search for your favourite painting undisturbed by other visitors with this Google street view tour.
Verzets Resistance Museum
The Resistance Museum details the history of the Dutch resistance in World War II during the country’s occupation by Germany. Resistance in the Netherlands ranged from small acts such as displaying postage stamps with the Queen’s face, to activities such as spying for the Allies. The museum documents a variety of these activities and you can explore exhibit highlights here. You can watch a video introduction to the museum here:
More virtual museum & gallery tours
If you enjoyed this, you may also like these posts about virtual museum and gallery tours around the world – click on the images to read them:


Map of Canada Confederation. British colonies in North America are united under the British North American Act to become the Dominion of Canada. The Act, drafted by John A. Macdonald and signed on May became effective on July
Sir John A. MACDONALD ~ He was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century. Macdonald served 19 years as Canadian Prime Minister.


A new exhibition will be opening this weekend at the Little Museum of Dublin on St Stephen's Green.
Your Huddled Masses: The Irish in America chronicles what emigrants left behind when they departed, how they travelled to their final destination, and what their life was like when they arrived. It is the story about the search for a better life, the re-invention of home and the birth of great cities in a foreign land. It documents the story of Ireland in America through sound, photography, film and striking illustrations.
The exhibition starts on Saturday 1 June and will run until 30 September. For more details and booking information, contact the Little Museum of Dublin.


"Pesta Kuburan" Madura, a Feast at the Graveyard
SUMENEP,TIMESJAZIRAH – There has been a unique and kind of weird tradition by the Madura society. They will bring some food to the Asta Buju graveyard Gubang, Sumenep, Madura and held a feast there after several ceremony. This ceremony was called as the "Pesta Kuburan" (Graveyard Feast).
This tradition was held as their way of respecting their ancestor namely the Pangeran Anggosuto (Prince Anggosuto) lthat has been passed away. The prince spirit was believed to be their guidance and savior for the local citizen.
"Prince Anggosuto is someone who has some power that could help the local citizens. He was the one who knew that the water from the Papas sea could be turned into salt," Syamsuri, a local citizen of Papas said on Saturday (20/7/2019).
This ceremony is held every salt season, or when the salt production is high. This is to show their gratitude to the Prinve Anggosuto to find the way to produce salt for them.
The Pesta Kuburan or the feast at the graveyard at Asta Bhuju' Gubang will usually participated by two sub district which is believed to still have some connection with the Prince Anggosuto. Those two sub district in Madura are the Pinggir Papas and Karang Anyar. (*)


This exhibition, which was intended to be a prestige operation, was seen as a manifestation of national glory, and the enterprise was led and supported by the State. Napoleon III wanted to take up the English challenge: "From the point of view of architecture, the 1855 exhibition represents a singular mixture of grandeur and inadequacy, error and novelty. Its conception was magnificent: it was open to all nations; it welcomed all the products of man's hand and mind. However, the realisation of the exhibition did not have the scope and originality that such a programme demanded... In London, the entire exhibition was concentrated inside the Crystal Palace; in Paris, it was presented, as one might say, in a dispersed state.
Indeed, the Palais de l'Industrie, intended to rival London's dazzling achievement, was initially designed to replace the temporary buildings of the national exhibitions organised since 1798 and to serve for public ceremonies. On 8 March 1853, a decree from the emperor stipulated that a Universal Exhibition of agricultural and industrial products would inaugurate the opening of the palace; then, on 22 June, a Fine Arts Exhibition was added, which did not exist in London and which became an important component of future exhibitions in all countries.
The Imperial Commission, chaired by the Emperor's cousin, Prince Louis Napoleon, realised that it was impossible to hold all the events in a single building, and so annexes had to be created. A cast iron and wooden machine gallery, reserved for machines in motion, was installed on the Quai de Billy; a Palais des Beaux-Arts, in the French Renaissance style, was entrusted to Hector Lefuel (1810 - 1881), and located at the corner of the Avenue Montaigne, near which Gustave Courbet, unhappy at having been refused his large composition L'Atelier, built a basic wooden and brick pavilion that housed forty of his compositions. The Beaux-Arts exhibition, where the painter presented eleven paintings, officially opened on 15 May, due to delays in the work on the two main palaces, and Courbet's pavilion on 28 June. Numerous small buildings sprang up in the gardens, "elegant bazaars with a thousand colours", spread out along the alleys, next to the summer circus built by Hittorff in 1840, as well as sales counters, an international bazaar of universal industry, panoramas, buffets; the built complex covered 17 hectares.
Despite the great success of this exhibition, which welcomed 5 million visitors, it ended with a deficit of 8300,000 francs.


Alumna Alice Leora Edwards was born April 19, 1882 in Monroe, Oregon. She graduated from Oregon Agricultural College (OSU) in 1906 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Home Economics. She received her M.A. degree in 1917 from Columbia University and her Ed.D. from Columbia University Teachers College in 1940.
She was as an instructor in Zoology and Entomology at Oregon Agricultural College from 1909 to 1915 and served as a student assistant in the Biology department at Teachers College, Columbia University, 1915-1917. In 1917-1918 she was Assistant Professor of Dietetics at the University of Minnesota and in 1921-1926 she served as Dean of Home Economics at Rhode Island College. In 1941 she became the Dean of Home Economics at Mary Washington College at the University of Virginia at Fredericksburg, a position she held until her retirement from academic life in 1951.
In 1925, Edwards, a member of the World Student Christian Federation, traveled with the group to Europe to encourage and coordinate the work of existing national student Christian movements after the devastation of World War I.
Edwards was Executive Secretary of the American Home Economics Association from 1926 until 1936. In her capacity with the Association, she represented the organization on the Council of American Standards, the Women's Joint Congressional Committee, and served on the President's Advisory Committee on Education. During her career, she edited Scientific Consumer Purchasing: A Study Guide for the Consumer (1939), co-authored Consumer Standards (1941) and wrote Product Standards and Labeling for Consumers (1940). She devoted her career as an advocate for standardized size and labels for consumer goods.
Alice Leora Edwards moved back to Oregon in 1951 and died in Corvallis, Oregon on July 4, 1962.
Return to Alice L. Edwards papers Home


This plaza brings the existing illusionary mural to life by utilizing “forced perspective” and replica site details depicted. A living green wall and pergola at angles and narrowing granite bands will exaggerate depth perception.
Rome to Cincinnati “bas relief” panels:
• Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus – Legendary Roman general who saved Rome, refused to be named “Caesar” in reward and returned to his meager farm. A timeless story of unselfish public service.
• Society of the Cincinnati – Early American and European roots of the Society.
• George Washington and Generals – “Members Society of the Cincinnati”. All 100+ revolutionaries were members. General Arthur St. Clair renamed Losantiville “Cincinnati”.
• The Cincinnatus Association – Exists today and provides public service.
• Italian tile mural in “faux pool”.
• Pergola with grape vines will evoke ancient Rome. Solar PV panels provide energy.
• Storm water is captured in cisterns under the “Illusionary Pool” and will irrigate arbor and green wall.
• Bas Relief history panels are set into green wall. A digital board provides outdoor education.
• Etched on granite are names of unselfish public service heroes, Cincinnati’s “Hollywood Stars Walk”.
• “Faux Cauldron” with “flames”, lit by LED uplights.
• The world’s first organ – a Hydraulis – invented by Ctesibius of Alexandria during the 3rd Century BC during the Roman Empire and Cincinnatus’s life. A contemporary hydraulis will be created as a participatory musical instrument. It is enclosed and covered by a Roman-style shelter.
The Kroger – Cincinnatus
Landscape Architecture & Community Planning - Planning & Analysis Projects


Using reclaimed marble we offer a bespoke service, please click the image above to see our made to measure collection.
An original antique Victorian combination fireplace made from cast iron.
This attractive fire is typical of the period style with an integrated 2 bar fire basket that is framed with an arched opening with rope motif detailing.
The piece would provide an original Victorian fire to your renovation project.
Shelf: 112cm Wide
Overall Height: 114cm
Dimensions are approximate


“Through Service to the Orient”
The Great Northern Railway launched the Oriental Limited between St. Paul and Seattle on December 5, 1905, replacing the Great Northern Flyer. The Oriental Limited designation reflected the Asiatic commerce which had been one of J.J. Hill's motivating objectives in building the railroad itself. The Great Northern's crack transcontinental bore this name between 1905 and 1929. Significant changes were made to the Oriental Limited in 1909, and again in 1922 after the USRA era. On May 31, 1924, an improved Pullman built New Oriental Limited was placed in service.
In the 1890's Seattle began building better port facilities for handling maritime trade with the Far East. In 1896, GN became the first U.S. railroad to serve the Orient through an agreement with Nippon Yushen Kaisha, a Japanese steamship line. Possessing the shortest route from Puget Sound to St. Paul, Great Northern’s traffic flourished as trade with the Oriental grew. In 1903, the railway completed its own dock at Smith's Cove, at the northern end of Seattle’s Elliott Bay. In 1905, the Great Northern steamships MINNESOTA and DAKOTA were placed in service between Seattle and the Far East. It was now possible to travel on Great Northern equipment from St Paul to the distant ports of the Orient. December 5, 1905, the Oriental Limited was launched as Great Northern's flagship. Its 58 hour schedule over the 1,829 miles between the Twin Cities and Puget Sound won the crown as the swiftest train, four and one half hours faster than its closest rival, the North Coast Limited.
The Oriental Limited was a name which emphasized that the transportation service offered by Great Northern did not end at port of Seattle and fulfilled Hill's dream of direct rail-water connections between the Middle West and the ports of the Far East. Mr. Hill anticipated creating a greater market for American exports, such as steel, wheat and cotton, while establishing Great Northern in the lucrative import trade of silk and tea from the Orient.
The Oriental Limited Begins
The Railway and Engineering Review, dated November 11, 1905 contained the following announcement:
On November 19, the Great Northern Railway will start a new and addition l train between St. Paul and Puget Sound Points. This will be known as the Oriental Limited and will have new car equipment throughout, consisting of large day coaches, tourist sleepers, palace sleeping cars, dining cars and compartment observation cars. Each car will be of the very latest design in its class and contain all the latest refinements in decoration and arrangement. The observation buffet library compartment cars will be the first of their kind to be used in transcontinental traffic and have been given particular attention. The rear half of these cars is devoted to the observation room, handsomely furnished with easy chairs, writing desks, etc. Wide plate glass windows afford an unobstructed view of the surrounding country..... A well stocked buffet and a branch of the Booklovers library and current periodicals will also be found in this car. The dining car equipment and service has also been given much attention. All service will be ala carte.
Other advertisements, announcing the train, referred to it as the ’perfect train’ lighted by acetylene gas. Although the glowing notices went on to state that the trains had new equipment while being careful not to say all new equipment. In fact, the Oriental Limited which steamed forth in December 1905 was a mix of new and old equipment. During 1905, Great Northern acquired new coaches, diners and observations in anticipation of the new train. It was not until 1906 and 1907 that builders Barney and Smith and Pullman were able to deliver new smoking cars, tourist and first class sleepers.
Once assembled, the appearance new equipment presented a striking departure from the traditional Great Northern varnish. The glossy grooved sheathing sported graceful arched windows, capped with colorful art glass. The highly polished passenger cars were painted a deep olive green, and the roofs, underbodies and trucks were painted a darker olive shade. On the letterboard the words “Great Northern” were proudly painted in goldleaf and outlined in black as was all the external lettering. Characters on the letter board were six inches tall while the car names, centered on the sides below the windows, were four and one half inches high. The first letter of each word of the car name was slightly bigger than the rest.
The new observation platform provided a festive ending to the train with its scalloped, red and white striped canopy awning, glistening brass railing, and colorful drumhead. The rectangular sign consisted of a large bright red circle on a field of white with the words 'Oriental' above, and 'Limited' below, both in a black, oriental style of letters. The appearance was similar to a Japanese flag, further emphasizing its connection to the Orient.
The Oriental Limited’s interiors were equally stunning and beautiful. The decor was on the cusp of car building design, moving way from ornate inlaid carving to the less elaborate mission style, that was to become the standard decor of first class railroads for the next 20 years. Elegance, style and craftsmanship were continued in the new decor. The dining cars, first class sleepers and observations were fitted in rich mahogany, coco, tonkin, and vermillion. The smokers, coaches and tourist sleepers were paneled in birch and mahogany woods.
Colorful art glass crowned the upper sash of the body arch windows, the clerestory transoms and in the lavatory windows of the passenger cars in the consist. Pullman’s glass craftsmen used opalescent glass cut into various designs and pieced together with brass channel, similar to the way stained glass lamps and windows are fabricated today. Accents to the opalescent glass were added using textured cathedral glass or glue-chipped plate glass. Ornamental glass was available in a great assortment of colors which were combined by the car builder’s artisans and craftsmen to blend with the car’s interior decor. Colorful small flowers were a popular feature of the clerestory transom windows.
Car builders classified the upholstering the seats in the sleepers and observation as art work. The Oriental Limited featured different shades and patterns of plush upholstery and carpets used on the sleeper section seat frames, drawing room and compartments. Heavy and costly silk fringes were very beautiful and also blended with the glass, upholstery, and carpets. Matching green leather covered the diner seats and the observation room’s overstuffed chairs. In furnishing the entire Oriental Limited, the colors of the carpets, plushes, woodwork, fringes, and ceilings, were selected and arranged with a view to their perfect harmony and artistic effects.
The August 1906 Great Northern timetable glowingly described the Oriental Limited’s
“Is one of the greatest” and
“the shortest, the easiest, the most interesting route across the continent. Indeed, the track of the Great Northern is noted for its solidarity, long tangents, and easy curves; the rails are of the heaviest steel, the ballasting of rock; the train swings as smoothly over the Montana mountains as it does over the prairies of North Dakota; the jumps, jerks, and bumps have all been worked out of the roadway--- a spoonful of coffee always reaches the passenger’s mouth intact from his cup despite the fact that a 160 ton engine is whirling the train along at 40 miles an hour.”
The Oriental Limited consist
In September 1905, shortly before launching the Oriental Limited, Great Northern acquired its first Pacifics. The six class H-1 Pacifics delivered 28,670 pounds tractive effort, and were quickly assigned to the Marias and Stevens Pass districts. In 1906, Atlantics, more Pacifics, and dual service Prairies were ordered for its two transcontinental trains; the Oriental Limited and Fast Mail. April witnessed another new wheel arrangement as ten class K-1 Atlantics joined the roster. With 73" drivers and 19,560 pounds tractive effort, they proved too light for heavy passenger service except on the most level districts. Concurrent with the Atlantics, GN acquired thirty-five class H-2 Pacifics and fifty dual service class J-1 prairies. Both the J-1 and H-2 classes sported 69" drivers and an identical 33,090 pounds tractive effort. Both shared many of the same details and a few of each class were fitted with a superheater as an experiment.
Normally, the Oriental, like the Flyer it displaced, carried eight cars the full distance between St. Paul and Seattle. The cars were arranged on the train in the following order: a 60' RPO car, a 68' baggage-express car, a smoking car, an 86 passenger day coach, a 14 section tourist sleeper, a 30 seat dining car, a 12-1 standard sleeper and the new compartment observation, which replaced the buffet-lounge car. Eight sets of equipment were required to protect the Oriental’s schedule; three traveling eastbound, three heading westbound and one at each terminal being serviced and readied for the return trip.
The Oriental’s lead car was the RPO followed by the Baggage & Express car. Both assigned types had clerestory roofs, closed ends, 6 wheel trucks, and gas lights. The eight 60' postal cars numbers 643-650 had been built by AC&F and had two doors on each side with five windows between the doors and a double window between each door and the end. The postal cars were unique on the Oriental in lacking the new arch window design.
The double door 68' baggage & express cars numbers 572-590 were also AC&F products that were equipped with a desk for the messenger who rode with the car, a safe, a stove, coal bin, and hopper. The wooden floor had duckboards at one end know as fish racks on the Great Northern.
GN listed second class coaches as smokers in its time tables. One was carried on the Oriental, normally as the first car behind the headend equipment. The smoker seated 71 passengers, was 68' long over the buffers, and had four wheel trucks. They were drawn from lot of 22 cars numbers 226-247, built for the new train by B&S in 1905 and 1906. The interior was paneled in birch and the seats covered in leather.
First Class Coaches
1905 B&S delivered 14 coaches for the Oriental Limited numbers 369-382. The cars seated 86 passengers, were 81' long over the buffers, and had six wheel trucks. The paneling, as with the Smoker and Tourist, was birch however the seats were fabric covered. In 1906 Pullman built 24 identical cars numbers 326-349.
Nine 14 section tourist sleepers, numbered 829-837, were initially assigned to the Oriental . They were built in 1902 by B&S, outfitted with men’s and women’s restrooms, and equipped with a small cooking range and a coal heater. The sleepers were 68-feet long over the vestibules, did not have arch windows, and rode on four wheel trucks. The interior finish was more basic than found on the back end of the train. Paneling was birch and mahogany and leather upholstery. The window glass, upholstery and paneling colors were nevertheless coordinated to create a pleasing and restful effect.
For the Oriental, Pullman built eight new Diners in 1905, numbers 721-728. The new diners were larger, containing 30 seats instead of 24, the previous standard. The lettering read Great Northern on the letterboard, the words Dining Car in the center and the car number on each end
Diners featured expensive furnishings such as gilt mirrors, thick carpets, rich upholstery and draperies, hand carved English oak paneling and ornate light fixtures. The atmosphere of an English pub with overhead beams, green leather-covered chairs and a yellowish glass in the enclosed ‘cathedral globes’ light fixtures. Between the dining area and kitchen was the pantry that served as the waiter’s principal work area. A distinctive feature of the dining car was the sideboard or breakfront, which was placed at one end of the dining room between the pantry and the rest of the car. This handsome piece of cabinetry was a decorative focus and it served to screen off the working section of the car. China and silver plate were displayed behind its glass doors and a cut-glass vase of colorful fresh cut flowers was placed on it. Fresh cut flowers also brighten each table.
First Class Sleepers
Generally, only one sleeping car was assigned for the run between Seattle and St. Paul. It should be noted that GN also received three 16 section sleepers from Pullman in 1905. These were assigned to the Winnipeg Limited.
In GN’s nomenclature of the period referred first-class sleepers as ‘Palace Sleepers’ and a drawing room was known as a ‘stateroom’, The Palace Sleepers assigned in 1905, were the 14 section, single stateroom cars numbered 944-952 built by Barney & Smith in 1902 for the Flyer. Their 80 foot design called for older style square windows, truss rods, and rode on six wheel trucks. All carried Washington State place names: Mt Index, Chelan, Olympic, Puget Sound, Washington, Everett, Stehekin, Okanagan and Mt Baker.
In September 1906, Pullman delivered ten first-class sleepers of a newer design containing 12 sections, and a Stateroom. The longer 82-foot sleepers, numbered 957-966, matched the Oriental’s appearance with art glass crowned arch-windows. The sleepers interior featured plush upholstery and carpets surrounded by ornate imported dark reddish mahogany and vermillion woods. New 12- sleepers were named for on line towns; Tumwater, Similkameen, Lake McDonald, Grand Forks, Osakis, Alexandria, Whatcom, Cashmere, Espanola, and Mukilteo. Late in the next year and in early 1908, Barney & Smith delivered twelve virtually identical cars named Chopaka, Keremeos, Tumwater (to replace the first Tumwater destroyed in a 1907 wreck), Wamduska, Wayzana, Tulameem, Teton, Waneta, Osoyoos, Floodwood, Bellingham, and Vancouver. Sleepers carrying Oriental place names began arriving in 1909.
William Kratville described the Oriental’s sleepers well when he wrote:
“Great Northern’s sleepers had a dignity all their own as they rolled through the darkness, their cherry-red interiors and immaculate linen contrasting sharply in the aura of incandescent lighting from the pale yellow dome lights. Few and far between were the moaning cries of the Belpaire-fireboxed Pacific up ahead of the swaying sleepers.”
The Oriental Limited introduced the observation car to Great Northern’s transcontinental service, replacing the buffet-lounge car which had been the signature car of the Flyer. Pullman built eleven 80 foot observations in September, 1905 for the Oriental and Winnipeg Limited’s, numbers 760-770. Observation cars, like the diners, were not named. The designation ‘Compartment Observation Car’ was centered on the side below the windows, and the car number was painted on the side at each end.
Each observation contained a drawing room, four compartments, a card room, a small buffet, a 15 seat observation room, and an open platform area. The observations were ornately decorated, featuring five different shades and patterns of plush upholstery, and as many different shades and patterns of carpets for the drawing room and compartments, with a sixth pattern for the lounge, card room and passageway.
The Railway and Engineering Review article, cited above, provided a description of the interior.
“The observation buffet library compartment cars will be the first of their kind to be used in transcontinental traffic and have been given particular attention.
The rear half of these cars is devoted to the observation room, handsomely furnished with easy chairs, writing desks, etc. Wide plate glass windows afford an unobstructed view of the surrounding country. The [observation] room is furnished in vermillion wood and the chairs are upholstered in green leather, the remainder of the furnishing being in harmony with the general color scheme. The card room is finished in English oak with green leather seat coverings. The four state rooms, which are unusually roomy, are furnished in mahogany, coco, vermillion and tonquin, while the furnishings are olive, reddish rose, green and maroon plush in the named order. The drawing room is furnished in mahogany and all furnishings are golden brown plush. ”
The ceiling in each compartment was painted in a soft pastel hues of rose, green, olive or pale orange, resulting in a harmonious color scheme with the wood work, upholstery fabric and carpets. The buffet, called a kitchen, served drinks and snacks from its closet-like kitchen and bar. The card room was finished like an English Club. The observation lounge was a featured large windows and comfortable leather cars.
The observation platform was another attraction that by 1905 had became an expected part of the name train’s consist. The polished brass railings, drum sign, and scalloped, red and white striped canopy awning provided an enticing spot for those willing to brave the dust, cinders, and wind. On the glistening brass railing hung an oil illuminated drumhead, also a first for Great Northern.
The Oriental Limited schedule
December 1905 Official Guide Westbound Eastbound Train #1 Train #2 (Sun) Lv 10:30 AM St Paul Ar: 2:15 PM (Wed) (Tue) Ar 8:50 PM Seattle Lv: 8:00 PM (Sun) 58: 20 Hrs Running Time 62:15 hrs
1914 timetable cover
With the Oriental, the GN had a train to match the NP’s North Coast Limited in style and features and a schedule four and one half hours faster. Both trains usually consisted of eight cars built by the same companies, Pullman, B&S and AC&F.
The Oriental Limited’s dining cars and the cuisine got special attention. Meal were on a par with best city hotels and better than available at most smaller towns. Passengers sat down to surroundings of cut flowers, sparkling white linens, and shining polished silverware. The printed menus were artistic and colorful.
Game in the form of quail, antelope, venison, bear meat, and buffalo characterized the early Great Northern menus. The chefs of the Great Northern were celebrated for their knowing ways with sage hen, Rocky Mountain trout and mountain sheep.
As the Oriental Limited begun, availability of game was beginning to disappear and regulations governing its sale and transportation began curbing its service in public restaurants including railway dining cars. The nature of the area served influenced the introduction into the diner menus of such territory products items as poultry, butter and vegetables from Minnesota, grains and pork from Dakota, beef and lamb from Montana and apples, clams, and salmon from Washington.
Prices were kept low but food and service were kept high in quality. Initially, all service was ala carte, where the diner only paid for what was ordered. Later, Great Northern advertised meal were available a la carte, or table d’hote. Excellent table d’hote dinners included all the trimmings, soup and dessert, hot breads, olives, nuts, preservatives, mounds of vegetables and water ices with the meat course, pickles, chow chow, and the elaborate and spectacular salads dear to the heart of the vegetable chef. Advertising continued to stress ala carte meals were available for the budget minded.
The dining car china was heavy and serviceable, with the ‘Hill’ pattern in use when the Oriental began. The service pieces were white and pattern consisted of the letters G.N.R. intertwined into logo. The three individual letters were orange, outlined in dark brown. ‘Hill’ was the third pattern used by Great Northern.
The first was known as the ‘Manitoba’ pattern and consisted of the words Great Northern Railway on the rim. The second was the ‘Montana’ pattern, which was very similar to the ‘Hill’ pattern, except only the initials G.N. were intertwined. Flatware, as well as such arcane service items as cheese scoops, crumb knives, oyster folks, and sugar tongs, all carried the ‘Hill’ design. Covered soup tureens, fruit-cocktail bowls, bread trays, butter dishes, gravy boats, coffee servers, sugar and creamers, glass vinegar cruets, ice cream dishes, and bon bon dishes all added glamour to the white cloth-covered table.
For first class passengers the observation car provided a break from the monotony of the prairies. The observation lounge was a center of activity with a library, a magazine rack, and a writing table. In keeping with the Oriental theme, a card game, adapted from an oriental game called Mah Jongg, was available to passengers as well as cards and bridge score pads.
Great Northern’s tourist stamps, post cards and postage stamps were available from the porter who also provided cigars, candy, beverages and snacks from the buffet. The buffet, called a kitchen, served drinks and snacks from its closet-like kitchen and bar. The buffet performed an important on-train food service, where the need for a small snack such as a cup of coffee or tea, a sandwich, or some bouillon might “relieve the faintness” between meal. The Oriental’s diner’s menu was too heavy for such needs, and the dinner was closed during off-hours.
Every afternoon at four, tea was served in the lounge by a waiter from the diner. Close behind followed another with a platter of dainty cakes. News and market reports telegraphed to stations and placed on board in observation lounge, several times a day. The card room featured a round green leather booth surrounding the table. The rich English oak finish provided an atmosphere like an English Club. Conductors and porters were issued small cards warning of card sharks. The cards were discretely passed to passengers when appropriate.
The observation car platform offered the best view on the train. The panorama of the passing countryside was uninterrupted by window posts or curtains. There was something exciting about the ride as well -- the clatter and roar, the swirling wind and dust, and the hypnotic sight of the tracks as they disappeared into subtle triangle at the far horizon. As the train passed through the small towns of Eastern Washington and Montana, passengers could stand on the rear platform to be eyed by ranch-bound locals who wished that they too were aboard the glamorous Oriental Limited’s observation car flying toward the attractions in the more populated terminals.
The reference sheet will provide a fuller description of the train as well as information on the 1909, 1914 and 1922 equipment and schedules. The reference sheet contain the usual array black and white photos and drawings. These color images will not be included.
Modelers in the minor scales are on thier own!
Black and photos of the Oriental
Home New About Me Layout Articles Artwork friends Links


Bronson Company Office
Recognized Federal Heritage Building
(© (E. Tumak, Architectural History Branch, Parks Service, February 1991.))
150 Middle Street, Victoria Island, Ottawa, Ontario
Treasury Board Policy on Management of Real Property
1880 to 1880
Event, Person, Organization:
National Capital Commission
FHBRO Report Reference:
Description of Historic Place
Situated at Victoria Island in the Ottawa River and close to Chaudière Falls, the large Bronson Company Office is composed of a one-and-a-half storey, gable-roofed brick building of residential appearance and a one-storey, flat-roofed stone building. The gable-roofed section is distinguished by its arched wood windows, moulded cornice and prominent chimney. The attached flat-roofed section is distinguished by its coursed rubble masonry construction and features flat-arched windows. The designation is confined to the footprint of the building.
The Bronson Company Office is a Recognized Federal Heritage Building because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental value.
The Bronson Company Office is directly associated with both the forest products industry and the development of hydroelectricity in Ottawa. The Bronson family was one of the most prominent forest products and utility magnate dynasties in the Ottawa Valley. As the administrative focus of the families’ wide-ranging domain, the Bronson Company Office was an integral component of the highly diverse industrial operations at the Chaudière Falls. The building is also specifically associated with E.H. Bronson, whose activities as an industrialist and a provincial politician included forest conservation, diversification of the Chaudière industrial infrastructure, and attempts to create a private utilities monopoly in Ottawa. The building is also closely associated with the industrial development of the Chaudière Falls area.
The Bronson Company Office is valued for its good aesthetic design. The scale and form of the structure is characteristic of late 19th century residential architecture. Features such as a gabled roof, prominent chimney, moulded cornice, and arched wood windows contribute to the building’s domestic character. Its very good functional design is evidenced in the solid brick construction and other materials and elements that make it a fire-resistant building, such as the brick vaults, heavy steel doors and the diagonally-laid metal roof tiles. Further evidence of the building’s very good craftsmanship is seen in the masonry detailing around the windows and chimney and in the masonry construction of the attached addition.
The Bronson Company Office is compatible with the industrial character of its setting on Victoria Island and is a familiar building within the immediate area.
Edgar Tumak, Two Buildings, Bronson Company Office, Ottawa, Ontario, Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office, Building Report, 90-225; Bronson Company Office, Ottawa, Ontario, Heritage Character Statement, 90-225.
The character-defining elements of the Bronson Company Office should be respected.
The good aesthetic and very good functional design and very good craftsmanship and materials, as for example; the one-and-a-half storey massing which consists of an L-shaped, gable-roofed structure with an adjacent stone warehouse and office annex, attached to the building by a small, enclosed connecting link; the solid brick construction of the superstructure erected on a coursed masonry foundation; the prominent chimney, moulded cornice and wood windows with segmental and semicircular heads; the masonry detailing including the stone sills, window hood moulds and voussoirs, and the elaborate corbelled chimney cap; the masonry detailing of the addition such as the voussoired flat-arches; the fire-resistant materials and elements such as the brick vaults, which dictate the floor plan on both levels, the heavy steel doors to the vaults and the diagonally-laid metal roof tiles; the interior elements, including the oak window and door surrounds, mantelpieces and high ceilings.
The manner in which the Bronson Company Office is compatible with the industrial character of its setting at the Chaudière Falls on Victoria Island and is a familiar landmark in the immediate area, as for example; its scale, massing, design and materials, which contribute to the varied silhouette of industrial buildings and to the landscape of dramatic geological formations and natural and manmade water courses that together characterize Victoria Island and the Chaudière Falls region as a whole; its familiarity to the local community, due to its location at one end of the Chaudière crossing, and its role as part of a group of heritage industrial buildings that remain on the island; its familiarity to members and guests of the Ottawa-Hull Naval Association, as the location for their clubhouse.
Heritage Character Statement
The heritage character statement was developed by FHBRO to explain the reasons for the designation of a federal heritage building and what it is about the building that makes it significant (the heritage character). It is a key reference document for anyone involved in planning interventions to federal heritage buildings and is used by FHBRO in their review of interventions.
The Bronson Company Office building on Victoria Island was built circa 188O. Its designer is unknown. The custodial department is the National Capital Commission. See FHBRO Building Report 90-225.
Reason for Designation
The Bronson Company Office was designated Recognized for its historical associations and architectural design, and also for its environmental significance.
The building is the only remaining office at the Chaudière associated with both the forest products industries and the development of hydroelectricity. The Bronson family was one of the most prominent of the forest products and utility magnate dynasties in the Ottawa Valley, and, as the administrative focus of their wide-ranging domain, the Bronson Company Office was an integral component of the highly diverse industrial operations at the Chaudière. This building is particularly associated with E.H. Bronson, whose activities as an industrialist and a provincial politician included forest conservation, diversification of the Chaudière industrial infrastructure, and attempts to create a private utilities monopoly in Ottawa.
The setting of the Bronson Company Office has changed dramatically since its construction, but the building continues as a reminder of the former bustling and constricted character of this industrial site.
Character Defining Elements
The heritage character of the Bronson Company Office resides in its massing, proportions, construction materials and details, in its surviving interior layout and finishes, and in its relationship with its site.
The Bronson Company Office is an L-shaped, gable-roofed one-and-one-half-storey structure which has a form and scale characteristic of late 19th century residential architecture. A prominent chimney, moulded cornice, window openings with segmental and semicircular heads, and wood sash windows contribute to its domestic character. Masonry detailing includes stone sills, window hood moulds and voussoirs, and the elaborate corbelled chimney cap. These features are integral to the character of the building, and should be retained and repaired using appropriate conservation techniques.
Despite the building's domestic appearance, the desire to achieve a fire-resistant administration building shows in several features of the construction and planning. The solid brick superstructure erected on a coursed masonry foundation, the two-storey brick vaults which dictate the floor plan on both levels, the heavy steel doors to the vaults and the diagonally-laid metal roof tiles illustrate a careful reconciliation of fire-resistant materials and features with effective office design. These features should be respected, as should remaining interior elements such as oak window and door surrounds, original mantelpieces and high ceilings. Any development of the interior should retain and incorporate these elements.
The adjacent stone warehouse and office annex, executed in coursed rubble masonry with voussoired flat-arches over openings, is connected to the Bronson Company Office building by a modest addition. This enclosed connecting link now contains the principal entrance. The original main entrance on Middle Street has been boarded over and a projecting wooden vestibule has been added to the Mill Street entrance. If possible, original patterns of access should be reinstated, as should entrances that have been boarded up. The removal of recent additions of a lean-to character would improve the integrity of the ensemble.
Site development should respect the domestic scale of the structures, and be compatible with the industrial character of the setting.


Here's a sample of our volunteer opportunities:VIEW AS
The mission of the Roebling Museum is to document, preserve and exhibit the history of the John A. Roebling's Sons Company, the Roebling family and the village of Roebling. It's focus is not only on the industrial and technological achievements of the company but on the unique social history of its workforce and the town it created. The Museum bridges a storied past to the present by providing exhibits and programs directed at the interests of the worldwide public while also serving as a valuable resource for school, curriculum enhancement programs and academic research.
A former gateway to the Roebling Mill, the main gate museum building once served as the passage point for thousands of workers on their way to the steel mill each day.
The building served as the hub of company activity. Offices processed payroll, time clocks, storage rooms, interview rooms, a jail house, phone operators, an infirmary and later an ambulance house. Originally only a gate in 1905, the building was built in 1907 to limit access to the factory grounds. Additions and alterations were made from 1919 through 1947.
These company rooms now house the five galleries, Investors Bank Media Room, offices, lobby gift shop and Ferdinand Roebling lll Archives of the Roebling Museum.
The 7,000 square foot building was meticulously restored by the Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Superfund clean-up of the 240 acre Roebling mill site. The building was turned over to the Township of Florence and the Roebling Museum in June of 2009.


Joan Plantagenet-England: Birth: about 1191. Death: 2 February 1237
Richard FitzJohn Plantagenet-FitzRoy: Birth: about 1186.
Title: Ancestry Family Trees
Page: Ancestry Family Trees
Publication: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members.
Title: Millennium File
Author: Heritage Consulting
Publication: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003.Original data - Heritage Consulting. The Millennium File. Salt Lake City, UT, USA: Heritage Consulting.Original data: Heritage Consulting. The Millennium File. Salt Lake City, UT, USA:
Note: King John of England http://trees.ancestry.com/rd?f=image&guid=e408bdb1-5a3e-45ad-a2de-266e0984370e&tid=19260431&pid=2079
RootsWeb.com is NOT responsible for the content of the GEDCOMs uploaded through the WorldConnect Program. The creator of each GEDCOM is solely responsible for its content.


In February 2010, the SS ROTTERDAM opened its doors for the public after a long restoration. The former cruise vessel of the Holland America Line (HAL) is now permanently moored at Katendrecht in Rotterdam and is in service as a ’static liner’. The SS ROTTERDAM dates from 1959 and is the largest passenger liner ever built in the Netherlands. After the renovation the vessel has largely maintained its original character, both in its interior appointments as well as in its outward appearance. The vessel was renovated in Wilhelmshaven, Germany and Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Vuyk acted as an advisor for the owners on naval architectural issues and designed the permanent mooring structure in consultation with the owners.
Permanent mooring structure
The mooring structure has been designed in such a way that it fixates the floating ship independent of the tidal movements, trim and heel. The structure consists of two hinges in the ship, connected by bracings to two poles piled in the bottom of the harbour. The bracings are provided with maintenance free spherical bearings. The lifetime of the system is at least 25 years.


Wisner H. Buckbee Sr., a longtime resident of Warwick passed away peacefully at home on Tuesday, April 28, 2020. He was 83 years old.
Born in Goshen on Sept. 2, 1936, to Edith (Polgreen) and Wisner Buckbee, he was the ninth generation of Wisners.
A 1955 Warwick Valley High School graduate, he was also a graduate of the Reisch School of Auctioneering in 1962. Wisner was inducted into the Warwick Basketball Hall of Fame in 2012.
Wisner served as Chairman of the Board of OCCC 1994-96, as well as Chairman of the Board of Warwick Valley Telephone Company 2001-2011.
Although there was always plenty to do on the 400+ acre registered purebred Holstein dairy farm he and his family operated, Wisner was very involved in his community, both in promoting the farming community and civically.
Wisner was an active member of numerous farm business organizations, having served as president or chairman of the following: Downstate Milk Producers Co-op, Inc., Agway Energy Products, Washingtonville Agway Co-op store, Orange County Farm Bureau, Orange County D.H.I.A., State Director for the Holstein Association, and on the Advisory Board to Farm Credit System.
He was also an approved judge for all breeds of cattle; was active with the 4-H programs and FFA.
His successful farming started at a young age, earning NYS Outstanding Young Farmer in 1965 and a Distinguished Service Award in 1966, the same year Wisner Farms, Inc., established in 1770, received the NYS Agricultural Society Century Farm Award.
Twenty years later, Wisner placed in the top 100 out of 8,500+ contestants in stock picking in Barron’s Financial Weekly Newspaper.
In 1989, Wisner Farms, Inc. was recognized as a Bi-Centennial farm(operating for 200 years), one of only a few in the northeast United States, having 8th, 9th and 10th generations of the Wisner family living on and operating the farm.
The same year, the farm also earned the Dairy of Distinction Award from the American Dairy Association.
Wisner served his community on the Warwick Planning Board and as a Town Councilman.
Elsewhere in the Warwick community, he was a member of the choir at the Warwick Reformed Church; an active member of the Warwick Jaycees, Warwick Rotary Club, Warwick Masonic Lodge 544, the Agricultural Advisory Board of the Warwick Valley Central School District, Warwick Valley Chamber of Commerce, St. Anthony Hospital Century Club; Orange County Citizens’ Foundation and the Warwick Historical Society.
He was a retired Trustee and Chairman of the Board of the Albert Wisner Public Library (which was started with a memorial fund established to remember his relative, Mrs. Albert Wisner in 1927.) He also served as president of the Locust Hill Cemetery Association.
Wisner is survived by his wife Gladys (Bullock) Buckbee; son Wisner H. Buckbee Jr. of Warwick; daughters Annie Barrett and her husband Dave of Sheldon, Wisconsin, and Carol Ronne and her husband Arthur “Skip” of Warwick; nine grandchildren: Gwynneth, Brigitte, Charity and Hannah Buckbee, Blane and Shane Hulle, Samantha Ewings and husband Bruce, Arthur Jr. “Skip” and Alex Ronne; nine great-grandchildren: Caleb and Mason Logan, Addison, Tucker and Jasper Hulle, and Ella, Mark, Liam and Noah Ewings; sister Grace Ainslie of Kansas City, Mo.; brother Albert W. Buckbee II and his wife Judy of Warwick; and several nieces and nephews.
He was predeceased by his parents; daughter-in-law Linda Buckbee and granddaughter, Emily Ronne.
In lieu of flowers, please make a donation to the charity of one’s choice.
Because of the COVID-19 restrictions on public gatherings, a memorial service will be held at a later date.
Private burial arrangements in Warwick Cemetery have been made by Lazear-Smith & Vander Plaat Memorial Home in Warwick.
To send an online condolence, please visit www.lsvpmemorialhome.com.


January 22, 2013 | Filed Under Anti-Americanism, Barack Obama, Communism, Democrats/Leftists, Elections, Ethics, GOP, Liberals, President, Progressives, Warner Todd Huston | Comments Off on
Obama’s Extremist Inaugural Address
He’s not pretending to care about compromise or being a President for all the people any more…
Obama has finally come clean and openly declared war on half of America’s voters and ALL of America’s principles.
Help the Soldiers!
American GeniusOur Founding Ideas
- The Declaration of Independence
- The Federalist Papers
- The U.S. Constitution
- Debates of 1787
- The Anti-Federalist Papers
- The Writing of John Locke
"Governments are instituted among men,deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed." Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776
What THEY Say:
Foreign News In English
Click HERE for information
on my fedora collection.Antique Stetsons, hat history...


Welcome toKlassic Haus Restorations
Musical Memories lovingly restored since 2010
Free MP3 Download of the 1958 DECCA Demonstration LP
"A Journey Into Stereo Sound"
Transcribed from a near-mint UK pressing by John Whitmore
Digitally remastered by Klassic Haus
Click on the sleeve image to download the complete LP
A rare aural treat, a visit to a time when stereo sound was new and exciting!
Golden Age DECCA soundstage
Click here to view a pdf of the front and back sleeve, and Side 1 & 2 labels


Also Licensed to Centuri (1981).
Owen got the idea from the opening of the original 'Alien' movie during the landing sequence.
Originally called "Tube Chase" as a vector game. Using the vector system from "Asteroids
" and some software from "Night Driver
", a prototype was created where you could fly down tunnels. However, He could not do hidden line removal, and all those lines got very confusing. A hardware engineer at Atari came up with an expensive hardware that drew ellipses. Owen re-wrote the game to use that. The game looked great. Multiple tunnels with splits and rotates. But it was too expensive. Then the hardware was changed to circles, but still too expensive. Then it was changed to rectangles. That was what finally shipped. But marketing felt just flying was not fun enough, so we added 'Star Wars'-like objects that flew down the tube at you and you had to shoot them. It was killed and brought back at least 3 or 4 times at Atari under the same name. It became 'Vertigo' when Exidy first took it, but they decided to pass on it when it did not test well at the arcades any more (at that time, it was only 3rd for 10 weeks!), and then finally 'Tunnel Hunt' at Centuri.


Military memorabilia accepted for display at historical society
The Walworth County Historical Society is accepting donations of military memorabilia for a permanent display it is creating at the Veteran's Room at Heritage Hall, its new home on Washington Street, just across the street from the Webster House Museum in Elkhorn.
Donations will be accepted in person from veterans or their family members at Heritage Hall from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. on Saturday, Oct. 26.
Examples of accepted items include letters, photos, uniforms, maps, citations, medals, guns, and “tramp art.” Items with a Walworth County connection are preferred.
For more information or to schedule a time to bring items in or to arrange for items to be picked up, call Bob Miller at (262) 279-6429, Bill Sigmund at (262) 723-2152 or Bob Webster at (262) 275-6587.