Student education loans may help you go to your fantasy college, but it may be a horror if you’re not borrowing wisely. You want for additional details on personal loans prior to signing nearly anything. Keep reading to find out everything you can just before credit.
Keep in mind the elegance time period you have well before you will need to repay the loan. This really is the time period you have just before the lender ask that your particular repayments need to start. Keeping aware about once this period of time stops is the right way to be sure to never have later monthly payments.
When it comes to education loans, make sure you only obtain what you require. Think about the sum you require by examining your total costs. Factor in items like the cost of residing, the expense of school, your educational funding honors, your family’s contributions, and so forth. You’re not required to accept a loan’s whole sum.
Tend not to normal over a education loan. Defaulting on govt loans may result in implications like garnished salary and taxation reimbursements withheld. Defaulting on personal personal loans can be quite a disaster for any cosigners you needed. Naturally, defaulting on any financial loan dangers serious harm to your credit score, which expenses you even more later.
Don’t be afraid to question questions on federal government loans. Hardly varkredit and women determine what these kinds of personal loans may offer or what their polices and rules are. For those who have any questions about these loans, get hold of your student loan consultant. Cash are limited, so speak to them prior to the app timeline.
A two-phase approach enables you to pay out your student education loans. Very first, make sure you make all lowest monthly payments. Following this, you will want to shell out something more on the financial loan together with the highest curiosity. As a result things more affordable for you over time.
Consider looking around for your private personal loans. If you need to use a lot more, discuss this together with your consultant. When a private or substitute loan is the best option, make sure you examine such things as payment options, fees, and interest rates. Your college could suggest some loan providers, but you’re not essential to obtain from their website.
When you start settlement of your student education loans, make everything in your own capability to shell out over the lowest amount every month. While it is true that student loan financial debt is just not viewed as adversely as other varieties of personal debt, eliminating it as quickly as possible needs to be your purpose. Reducing your responsibility as quickly as you are able to will make it easier to purchase a house and help a family.
The Perkins Loan and the Stafford Loan are well-known in college or university communities. The reason being they have a cost-effective cost and therefore are regarded as two of the safest loans. It winds up simply being a good offer, simply because the federal government winds up paying the curiosity whilst you enroll in college. An average interest on Perkins lending options is 5 percentage. On subsidized Stafford financial loans it can be set for a price no higher than 6.8Percent.
As possible now see, there are several variables to take into consideration concerning student loans. The options you will be making can now have big ramifications on your own lifestyle, even nicely once you finish university. Borrowing correctly is most beneficial, so take advantage of the suggestions earlier mentioned when dealing with student loans.


The Negros Oriental government will be able to save yearly more than P8 million in payment of wages and other benefits of the Negros Oriental Detention and Rehabilitation Center personnel after the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology takes over their management from the province.
BJMP Region 7 officials, led by regional director Romeo Salazar and Gov. Roel Degamo agreed in a meeting Tuesday to finalize in a memorandum of agreement expected to be signed in July.
More meetings will be held between the provincial attorney and the BJMP’s legal officers, to finalize the agreement so that in August, the provincial government can begin drafting its 2012 budget less the allocation for services of NODRC personnel, Degamo said yesterday.
Degamo had earlier announced that he has asked Secretary Jesse Robredo of the Department of Interior and Local Government to absorb the provincial jail personnel who are currently receiving wages and other benefits from the Negros Oriental government.
Under the proposed agreement, the governor will still be the official jailer, and the NODRC still a provincial-government owned facility, Degamo said.
He assured that NODRC personnel will not lose their jobs under the agreement as he has proposed that qualified provincial jail employees be absorbed by the BJMP.
The province allocates a yearly budget of more than P16 million for personal services and operating expenses, Daisy Vamenta, Human Resource Management Officer of Negros Oriental, said.
Of this, more than P8 million goes to wages, benefits, transportation costs and other expenditures for NODRC employees.
There are 42 regular positions assigned to the NODRC, although some have not been filled up, Vamenta said.*JFP


Lean Solutions Group lands FreightWaves’ FreightTech 25 2023 list
During one of the best freight conferences of the year, FreightWaves’ Future of Freight Festival, Lean Solutions Group landed, for the first time, on the fifth annual FreightTech 25 2023 list! A list that showcases top players creating innovative solutions for companies within the industry.
“We spend a lot of energy trying to build a program that really recognizes the innovation in the space. So, the FreightTech awards are something that we started five years ago to focus on recognizing the innovations and the innovators that are in the space” - Craig Fuller, FreightWaves’ Founder and CEO.
The companies in this list are selected by a group of CEOs from some of the largest companies in the space, industry leaders and investors. The voting system is regulated by an external firm, which generates a high level of transparency and fairness.
“Lean Solutions Group, a new member of the list, is focused on offshoring and really taking a lot of the burden off all of the transactions that exist in the space and putting it into a nearshoring operation in Colombia and really trying to mitigate a lot of the costs that goes into this industry.” - Craig Fuller, FreightWaves’ Founder and CEO.
At Lean Solutions Group, we are incredibly honored to be part of the FreightTech 25 2023 list alongside major industry leaders. We are hyper-focused on creating innovative solutions and technologies to superpower our clients’ operations by giving them access to top global talent and the tools they need to scale seamlessly.
Let us help you build highly efficient teams so you can build the future of freight! Ready to get started?
Connect with us!
Kathy Monroy is an experienced Communications Specialist and Journalist. Driven to go above and beyond, Kathy produces high-quality content specializing in transportation and logistics, marketing, sales, and technology. Her goals include becoming an expert and an authority in her line of work, always providing her audience with the most relevant and useful information.
Unlocking Strategic Growth for 3PL Providers with Nearshore Staff Augmentation
March 22, 2024


- Bitcoin hashrate growing significantly as miners increase activity in anticipation of the May 2020 halving.
- Bitcoin brushes shoulders with $8,000 amid revived interest geared towards breaking critical barriers in 2020.
Bitcoin is concentrating on breaking key barriers towards $8,000. The largest cryptocurrency spent most of December in consolidation between $7,000 and $7,500. The recent break above $7,800 seems to have revived the buyers’ interest in the digital asset. Besides, Bitcoin tested $8,000 resistance on Monday before retreating to the current $7,916.
The Bitcoin community is counting the months before the historic halving event takes place. The mining rewards halving occurs every four years due to code integrated in the blockchain by Satoshi Nakamoto. Miners’ rewards per block will be slashed by half from 12.5 BTC to 6.25 BTC. The event is expected to bring with it increased demand amid scarcity of supply and high volatility.
Meanwhile, Bitcoin’s hash rate continues to surge before the May 2020 halving. The hashrate measured on a seven-day basis hit an all-time high of 106 EH/s. Bitcoin’s network hashrate recovery has been tremendous over the past year from 40 EH/s at the beginning of 2019.
Bitcoin price technical analysis
Bitcoin’s prevailing trend is bullish and supported by the upward-pointing RSI. The indicator has recovery impressively from 2020 low at 28.57 to levels above 70. If the price continues to ignore the RSI’s oversold conditions, BTC could easily sail above $8,000.
As far as support is concerned, $7,500 is the key support likely to come in the bull’s recue in the event of a reversal. The 50 SMA and the 100 SMA on the 4-hour chart are inline to offer support as well. In addition to that $7,000 and $6,500 will come in handy especially if Bitcoin bears swing in with a revenge mission.


I use the Term Asset Allocation in many of my articles specifically those which are related to Investments.
One of my blog readers Parul asked on mail that how would one figure out which Asset allocation is best for her, and as investment, value keep on changing so how would one ensure that the Asset allocation stays intact for the complete investment tenure.
There was no one-line answer to this so I decided to write a detailed post on this subject which I think will benefit other readers too.
What is Asset Allocation?
In simple terms asset allocation is dividing the investment amount among different unrelated investment asset classes with a goal of minimizing the volatility and optimizing returns.
Unrelated assets mean those which do not respond to the same market forces in the same way at the same time. This may lead your investments to gain on one front when the other side is losing (it may not happen always, but over a longer period of time it works like this only)
It is just like having a balanced diet with the goal of taking all nutrients our body requires to stay healthy.
Asset allocation is a must to keep your investments healthy. With a lure of earning more return, one has the tendency to move into more of stock market investments in the bull market phase but this portfolio starts bothering in the volatile phase. (Read: What is Equity – It’s more than stock market investment)
In a volatile environment, investors tend to move towards safe assets but under high inflation scenario and low post-tax returns they could not achieve their goals. (Read- How good is gold as an investment?)
So having a proper mix of different asset classes is what one requires.
In my article 21 good money habits, I have pointed out Asset Allocation as one of the very important Good Money habits.
How to decide ideal Asset Allocation?
The common misconception among people is that they decide the suitable asset allocation as per their Age. Well, this is not only their fault…many advisers or investment houses also works in the same fashion.
They say 100 minus age is what you should have in equity (aggressive) and remaining in debt (Defensive). But this is the wrong strategy.
I believe even 70 years old person can have a risk tolerance of investing 80% in equity if he’s having an arrangement of regular income and have a surplus fund available with him with no goals targeted. So believing in “age funda” for asset allocation may prove to be lethal for investments.
See asset allocation is a factor of your risk profile. Risk profile is something which tells how you generally react to different market and real-life situation. Your perception towards an investment might change for short term but your inherent behavior towards risk will always remain the same.
Another factor that affects your asset allocation is the goals targeted. Even if you are high on risk tolerance but your goal is just 2 years away then there’s no point in going for aggressive allocation
How to determine your own asset allocation
1. Understanding different Asset classes– This is the first and very important point. One has to understand that in India there are only 4 asset classes to invest in. Equity, Debt, Gold, and Real estate.
Equity and Real estate come under aggressive and volatile asset classes whereas Debt and Gold is somewhat safer and less volatile.
All these asset classes can be invested in directly or through Mutual funds or Portfolio management route. Even Insurance ULIPs provide you exposure in different asset classes.
So whatever investment instruments you have, you have exposure to these 4 asset classes only. For e.g. If you have 4 endowment/money-back insurance policies, PPF a/c. bank and corporate fixed deposits, RBI bonds, etc. All these collectively result in your debt allocation.
2. Understanding your Risk profile – As I wrote above, your risk profile doesn’t just come out of your age, it is how you generally react to different situations.
Are you in a habit of taking chances with your money, at what speed you drive your vehicle- do you wear seat belts, do you use mobile phone while driving, do you favor a fixed salary with less bonus or low salary with high bonus, etc.
All these real-life instances collectively form your risk tolerance attitude in investments. Risk profiling is like knowing one’s blood pressure level and thus sensitivity to volatility.
Doing a proper risk profiling is one of the regulatory requirements for SEBI registered investment advisers which include many banks too. So if you are dealing with a registered adviser he will take care of this part.
3. Knowing your goals – Relying totally on your risk profile sometimes may not be the right strategy for you, but it doesn’t even mean you can ignore it.
As the ultimate requirement is to achieve the goals comfortably so as you reach near to the goal you should move from aggressive to conservative.
If you have invested heavily in equity or real estate for a goal targeted, then you should be out of these assets at least 2-3 years before the target year…even if you are very bullish on market performance 😉
When should Asset allocation be rebalanced?
Over a period of time, with an increase in the value of your investments, you will find that the ratio of your allocation has got changed. You may find yourself again high on equity or high on debt.
So timely rebalancing of your investment allocation is very important. You can do the rebalancing by selling one asset class and buying the other with the same amount, or if you have surplus funds available with you, you may make some additional purchase in the asset where the value has gone down.
Let’s understand this with an example:
Say you have Rs 5 lakh with you as surplus available and after going through the risk profiling process your advised asset allocation comes out to be 60% Aggressive and 40% defensive.
The above chart shows that now to rebalance the allocation suitable to your risk profile, you need to sell Rs 10200/- of equity and buy Rs 6900/- and Rs 3300/- of debt and gold respectively.
This calls for buying Rs 28793/- of equity and selling of Rs 22432/- and Rs 6361/- of debt and gold respectively.
You have to repeat this process after every particular interval, which may be 1 year or 3 years. This rebalancing process will keep the volatility as per your acceptable risk tolerance and also help you in buying low and selling high.
If this was not the process you follow then you would have bought more of equity in Year 1 under the lure of high returns as the stock market was performing good and next year, you would have lost big money.
Determining an asset allocation is a very important financial decision, more important than selecting the right investment product, as this will have more impact on your overall portfolio return. And be sure to periodically review your portfolio to ensure that your chosen mixes of investments also have diversified among different sectors.
Hope your doubts regarding Asset allocation have been cleared. If you have any question, feel free to ask in the comments section below


UBS: Get used to low returns from equities
One of the big questions dominating equity markets today is whether or not equity markets will produce a lower return than the historical average going forward after the impressive gains since the end of the financial crisis.
Historically, the S&P 500 has returned an average 9% per annum for the past 100 years as a mix of earnings growth, and higher equity valuations have pulled the market up. However, post 2008 there is evidence that real growth has slowed down on a trend basis. Long-term expectations of inflation have also fallen globally. Nonetheless, equity valuations have remained resilient during this period.
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According to research from UBS, most of the equity market gains since the financial crisis has been due to a big decline in risk-free yields. “For current valuations to make sense amid a secular decline in earnings growth, we estimate that the “implied discount factor” for equities has likely declined by about 4% on aggregate in the US and EU. Is this excessive? No, it is the mirror image of the secular decline in bond yields. More specifically, at least 75% of the drop in the equities discount factor is driven by a sharp drop in long-term risk-free rates” the bank’s analysts write in a Global Macro Strategy research report published at the beginning of September.
Bond yields remained depressed, or fall further into negative territory UBS concludes that there is no reason why current equity market valuations cannot be sustained. In other words, while most of the analysts on Wall Street are currently arguing that the S&P 500 is overvalued, UBS hints at the idea that the market could be fairly valued considering the current environment.
Get used to low returns from equities
Unfortunately, while the market would appear to be fairly valued when weighed against risk-free yields, the slowdown in real global growth and reduced long-term expectations of inflation will severely limit equity gains going forward. If the market is indeed fairly valued, only earnings growth will propel the index higher. UBS estimates that earnings growth is also likely to decline on average from pre-crisis norms of 10 to 11% to ca. 6 to 7% in Europe and the US. Therefore, we are likely entering a “new paradigm for stocks” according to UBS. What does this new paradigm look like, Japan is a real world example:
“Lower total returns. Risk adjusted total returns declined in Japan as the economy fist started sliding into stagnant growth in the 90’s. As Figure 22 shows, total returns were on average quite high in the 80’s and 90s (almost 9% p.a.), even accounting for the burst of the asset bubble. In the 20 years that followed, total returns have averaged 0.2% annually. At the same time, vol increased in the 90’s and has stayed high since.”


I. ELASTICITY A. Issue: a change in price will cause a change in the quantity demanded, but how much of a change? Example of importance: Energy crisis in the 1970s – Lessons to learn in response to current price changes During the 1970s depletion of known stock of oil supplies and bad political relations with the Arab world resulted in a sharp decrease in the supply of oil. As a result, the equilibrium price of oil rose quite sharply. Since oil is essential to modern economies and rising oil prices were causing the costs of producing almost all goods to rise sharply, governments found it necessary to develop policies with respect to oil. One choice governments had to make was whether to permit the price of oil rise to the new equilibrium price or not. Many government's, including Canada's, controlled the price of oil because of the hardship high prices would cause to firms and to individuals. In Canada, the federal government under the Trudeau Liberals restricted the price of oil in Canada and as a result drastically reduced the flow of oil revenues to Alberta. (Alberta is still extremely unlikely to vote Liberal.) The first difficulty with this policy was that holding oil prices below equilibrium caused SHORTAGES of oil to develop. Considerable debate ensued about the appropriate policy. Some people believed that the quantity demanded would fall by very little if the price of oil rose, because oil is such a necessity. In addition, these people argued, the quantity supplied could not increase very much in response to rising prices because of the depleted stocks of oil. They were arguing that demand and supply were both very INELASTIC, that is the quantity demand or supplied changed very little as price changed. If they were right, prices would have had to rise to very high levels indeed in order to eliminate the shortages. They argued that the price should be held down to protect purchasers of oil from high prices. Other people argued that although quantity demanded and quantity supplied could not respond to prices very much in a short period of time, rising prices would cause considerable adjustment in the quantity demanded and supplied in time. People would switch from oil heat to gas, wood, or coal generated electric heat. Cars with better mileage would be developed. Insulation of homes, more efficient furnaces etc. would reduce the quantity of oil demanded. Similarly they argued that high prices would result in exploration and discovery of new supplies of oil. They were arguing that with a little time both demand and supply would be quite ELASTIC, that is the quantity demanded or supplied would change a great deal in response to a change in price. As it turned out, the policy of allowing price to rise appears to have been the correct policy. Higher oil prices did result in a decline in the quantity of oil demanded and a great increase in exploration and the discovery of new oil fields. Clearly in developing the policies, an understanding of the ELASTICITY of the demand and supply of oil were very important. Similar types of concerns could be found with other issues. The government policies regarding funding of universities is forcing Nova Scotian universities to charge ever higher tuition rates. The government wishes to have students pay a larger portion of the costs of their education. At the same time, we are told that the key to economic growth in the future is a highly educated labour force. If the quantity of education demanded declines a lot as tuition fees rise, then the government's funding policy may make it difficult to produce an educated labour force. If the quantity of education demanded falls very little as tuition rates rise, then the impact on the labour force may be very small. Again, the degree of ELASTICITY of demand is a matter of concern. B. Demand Elasticity 1. Determinates of demand elasticity: there is no absolute way to determine elasticity, but the following factors have a large influence on it. a. Substitutability: the more readily available are substitutes, the more elastic demand will be, ie the more quantity demanded will change when price changes. A good such as pears has many substitutes and its demand will be relatively elastic, while milk has few substitutes and the demand for it will be much less elastic. Necessities have few substitutes and are essential to our well-being, so demand for them is inelastic. Luxuries have many substitutes including not consuming them, so demand for them is more elastic. b. The larger the impact of spending on a good on a person's budget, the more elastic demand will be. Demand for expensive goods such as housing or automobiles will often be more elastic than demand for cheap goods, such as pencils or toys. c. Time: The more time passes, the more elastic demand will be. Often adjustments to use a substitute require time. Insulating a house or buying a car with better mileage can reduce the use of fuel, but they required time to undertake. 2. Calculating the coefficient of Demand elasticity a. Percentage change in quantity divided by percentage change in price. Always give the absolute value of the demand elasticity. (Make the answer a positive number.) Q . avg. Q P . avg. P b. Alternative method is the formula (Again give the absolute value.): Q2-Q1 Q2+Q1 P2-P1 P2+P1 c. Types of elasticity, defined by the coefficient calculated Infinite Elasticity: A tiny change in price causes an unlimited change in Quantity Elastic coefficient > 1 Unit Elastic coefficient = 1 Inelastic coefficient < 1 Zero Elastic coefficient = 0 C. Supply Elasticity The major determinate is time: the more time passes, the more elastic supply becomes. 1. Market period: the commodity has been produced. Low elasticity since the commodity can either be placed on the market or with held from production. Elasticity of perishable products such as fish or strawberries will be especially low in the market period. 2. Short-run: more or less of the commodity can be produced, but at least one factor of production is fixed in supply. Elasticity is greater than in the market period, but there are constraints on the expansion of production, and firms may prefer to produce than to leave capital or land idle when the price is low. 3. Long-run: the quantities of all factors of production can be adjusted. Elasticity is very great, since if price is high more of all factors of production can be directed towards production of the good, and all factors can be withdrawn and directed to other activities when the price is low.
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March 2020 will go down as one of the most dramatic months in financial markets and an acid test of the ETF market. The Stronghold EUR model had cut equity exposure to zero in February and was coming into March being the most defensive since the portfolio's inception in July 2017. Despite the portfolio being defensive markets became highly correlated and liquidity became erratic in some the ETFs that Stronghold EUR was exposed to.
Even though Stronghold EUR leaves the first quarter with a negative quarterly return, it has performed decently when comparing to other tactical asset allocation portfolios with similar risk levels. Comparing to the BlackRock EUR portfolios on Saxo Bank's SaxoSelect offering, the Stronghold return for the first quarter lies between the quarterly return for the BlackRock Defensive and BlackRock Moderate Defensive portfolios.
The Stronghold EUR model started March well as credit and inflation-linked government bonds were bid but then the US Treasury market and inflation-linked bonds began a historic dislocation due to margin calls and collapsing inflation expectations. The model had to reduce risk multiple times during the month starting on 16 March selling all exposure to investment grade corporate bonds and majority of exposure to inflation-linked bonds. The spreads had already widened and liquidity was terrible. The trade-off was between high trading costs hitting the portfolio value or staying within our risk budget. The latter is most important at all times so we had to eat the increased friction and trading costs in ETFs. Two days after on 18 March the portfolio's covered bond exposure was cut to zero as mortgage bonds in Europe went in free fall relative to normal volatility; there were no places to hide as investors were in a 'dash for cash'. Even gold became correlated and acted as a risky asset such as equities. The 18 March was an extraordinary intra-week rebalancing as the estimated portfolio risk was too far away from our target. On 18 March asset classes became so correlated that we had to add 0-1 year Euro government bonds with a 20% maximum weight in order for the model to stay within the risk budget. This was not something we had seen during the financial crisis in 2008 during our simulations.
Finally on 23 March the model reduced some of its 10-year global government bonds exposure and increased exposure in Euro 1-3 year government bonds. Despite the aggressive actions of the model the portfolio was down 6.5% in March compared to minus 3.7% for the benchmark. The reason for this difference is driven two factors. The benchmark is static with quarterly rebalancing so trade costs are minimal. Stronghold EUR had to sacrifice some performance to maintain its strict focus on minimizing risk. The second factor is that Stronghold EUR went ultra-defensive with 80% exposure in Euro government bonds across the 0-1 year and 1-3 year segments and zero equity exposure so when the 18% rebound in global equities came Stronghold EUR did not get any return from that. Meanwhile the benchmark has a 35% exposure to global equities.
Year-to-date Stronghold EUR is down 8.6% compared to 7.1% for the benchmark portfolio. With many economists expecting a bigger hit to the economy from COVID-19 than the 2008 crisis financial markets will continue to be volatile and in the case equities continue to fall Stronghold EUR will benefit relative to the benchmark.


Southeastern Vermont businesses still working to recover from Tropical Storm Irene may have some help coming.
State officials have announced that the Vermont Community Development Program has decided to award the money to two regional development corporations in Springfield and Brattleboro.
It’s the latest installment in nearly $22 million in Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery funds made available around Vermont since the storm nearly 16 months ago.
Individual businesses will be able to apply for funds beginning next Wednesday. Applications will be on the websites of the Brattleboro Development Credit Corp. and the Springfield Regional Development Corp.
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In a BSE submitting, the Hinduja Group firm stated VBCL is a 100 per cent subsidiary and the preliminary capital of Rs 60 crore was absolutely infused by the corporate at par of Rs 10 every per share.
VBCL has been included to hold on the enterprise of bus physique and coach-building, the submitting stated.
In one other notification, Ashok Leyland stated its shareholding in Optare PLC, the UK, has come all the way down to 91.63 per cent from 99.24 per cent following the conversion of loans by Hinduja Automotive Ltd into fairness shares in Optare PLC.
“We want to inform that consequent to the conversion of loans by Hinduja Automotive Ltd, UK, into fairness shares in Optare PLC, the Ashok Leyland Ltd shareholding in Optare PLC, stands diminished from 99.24 per cent to 91.63 per cent,” the corporate stated.
The consolidated income of Optare PLC as on March 31, 2020, was Rs 336.22 crore.
Optare PLC is engaged within the enterprise of producing and promoting buses within the UK.


How does the composition of public spending matter?
Public spending has effects which are complex to trace and difficult to quantify. But the composition of public expenditure has become the key instrument by which development agencies seek to promote economic development. In recent years, the development assistance to heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) hasbeen made conditional on increased expenditure on categories that are thought to be"pro-poor". This paper responds to the growing concern being expressed about the conceptual foundations and the empirical basis for the belief that poverty can be reduced through targeted public spending. While it is widely accepted that growth and redistribution are important sources of reduction in absolute poverty, a review of the literature confirms the lack of an appropriate theoretical framework for assessing the impact of public spending on growth as well as poverty. There is a need to combine principles of both public economics and growth theory to develop appropriate theoretical guidance for public expenditure policy. This paper identifies a number of approaches that are beginning to address this gap. Building on these approaches, it proposes a framework that has its foundation in a broadly articulated development strategy and its economic goals such as growth, equity, and poverty reduction. It recommends the use of public economics principles to clarify the roles of the private and public sectors and to recognize the complementarity of spending, taxation, and regulatory instruments available to affect public policy. With regard to the impact of any given type of public spending, policy recommendations must be tailored to countries and be based on empirical analysis that takes account of the lags and leads in their effects on equity and growth and ultimately on poverty. The paper sketches out such a framework as the first step in what will have to be a longer-term research agenda to provide theoretically and empirically robust and verifiable guidance to public spending policy.
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- Lopez, Ramon & Thomas, Vinod & Yan Wang, 1998. "Addressing the education puzzle : the distribution of education and economic reform," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2031, The World Bank.
- Canning, David & Bennathan, Esra, 2000. "The social rate of return on infrastructure investments," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2390, The World Bank.
- Agénor, Pierre-Richard & Bayraktar, Nihal & El Aynaoui, Karim, 2008.
"Roads out of poverty? Assessing the links between aid, public investment, growth, and poverty reduction,"
Journal of Development Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 277-295, June.
- Pierre Richard AGÉNOR & Nihal BAYRAKTAR & Karim EL AYNAOUI, "undated". "Roads out of Poverty? Assessing the Link between Aid, Public Investment, Growth and Poverty Reduction," EcoMod2004 330600003, EcoMod.
- Agenor, Pierre-Richard & Bayraktar, Nihal & El Aynaoui, Karim, 2005. "Roads out of poverty? assessing the links between aid, public investment, growth, and poverty reduction," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3490, The World Bank.
- Niloy Bose & M. Emranul Haque & Denise R. Osborn, 2007. "Public Expenditure And Economic Growth: A Disaggregated Analysis For Developing Countries," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 75(5), pages 533-556, 09.
- Tony Killick, 2004. "Politics, Evidence and the New Aid Agenda," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 22(1), pages 5-29, 01.
- Jos Mooij & S. Mahendra Dev, 2004. "Social Sector Priorities: An Analysis of Budgets and Expenditures in India in the 1990s," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 22(1), pages 97-120, 01.
- T. Paul Schultz, 2002.
"Wage Gains Associated with Height as a Form of Health Human Capital,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 349-353, May.
- T. Paul Schultz, 2002. "Wage Gains Associated with Height as a Form of Health Human Capital," Working Papers 841, Economic Growth Center, Yale University.
- Ravallion, Martin, 2003.
"In measuring aggregate"social efficiency","
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3166, The World Bank.
- Ajwad, Mohamed Ihsan & Wodon, Quentin, 2007. "Do local Governments maximize access rates to public services across areas?: A test based on marginal benefit incidence analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 242-260, May.
- Schultz, T. Paul, 1997. "Assessing the productive benefits of nutrition and health: An integrated human capital approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 141-158, March.
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"Aid, public spending and human welfare: evidence from quantile regressions,"
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 17(3), pages 299-309.
- Karuna Gomanee & Sourafel Girma & Oliver Morrissey, 2006. "Aid, Public Spending and Human Welfare: Evidence from Quantile Regressions," Working Papers id:761, eSocialSciences.
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What is a unit trust?
A unit trust pools monies from individual investors and is professionally managed by a fund manager. The monies are then invested in various assets like bonds, fixed income instruments, equities or other asset classes as provided for in the unit trust’s prospectus.
What are the benefits of investing in a unit trust?
The benefits are:
- Low minimum investment amount
Depending on the unit trust, you can invest in a unit trust with as little as S$1,000.
- Professional management
Your money is managed by experienced and professional fund managers who have access to the latest information on markets and companies and are in a position to make informed investment decisions.
One benefit of investing in a unit trust is diversification, which helps reduce risks. With unit trust, you, the investor, are able to spread your investment risks across various markets, sectors and asset classes. By pooling your resources with other investors, you can invest in a range of companies in their respective markets and sectors. This kind of diversification is usually not possible for the individual investor because of limited financial resources and the scale of investment.
- Access to specialised markets and overseas opportunities
Unit trust give investors access to specialised and overseas markets. This opportunity is difficult for an individual investor to have because of limited resources.
Unit trust investments can be redeemed at any time and processed on the same day or the next working day, depending on the time that such redemption requests are submitted by the investor. Upon redemption, the fund managers will buy back the unit trusts sought to be redeemed by the investor at a price based on the NAV price of the unit trust investment. Generally, most unit trust investments are valued daily and in some cases, weekly, monthly or quarterly.
How do I decide which unit trust to invest in?
Your choice and decision should be made based on your goals, risk tolerance and investment time horizon. Different unit trusts invest in different asset classes, markets and sectors, depending on the investment objective and strategy of that particular unit trust. Consequently, they also have different levels of risks and returns.
Are returns guaranteed?
Like all investments, there are risks involved. Unit trusts are no exception and returns cannot be guaranteed. Prices can rise or fall depending on a range of factors including market conditions and investors have to exercise judgment and make their own decisions.
What is the minimum investment amount?
This varies from unit trust to unit trust. Generally, the minimum initial investment amount for most unit trusts is S$1,000. For subsequent investments, the amount is lower, usually between $200 and $500.
Please refer to the relevant unit trust’s prospectus for more details.
What are the transaction fees/ charges involved?
Generally, there are 3 types of transaction fees/charges:
- Sales charge
For unit trust with net asset value (NAV) pricing, an initial sales charge will be deducted from the investment amount. This is a fee charged by the bank for its services in facilitating the processing of unit trust investments. For unit trusts with bid / offer pricing, the initial sales charge is already factored into the offer price.
- Annual management fee
This is an annual fee charged by the fund manager for their management of the unit trust.
- Trustee fee
This is the annual fee charged by the trustee for the provision of custody services of the unit trust’s assets.
When and where are the purchase prices available?
Unit trust investments operate on a forward pricing basis. This means that unit trust prices are only calculated at the end of the day after all investments and the cost of all transaction activities have been taken into account.
The unit trust’ prices can be obtained by:
- Clicking on "Rates" on the footer of the Bank's website.
- Checking the major newspapers.
Will dividends be paid?
This depends on the type of unit trust you buy. Dividends, if any, are also paid out at the discretion of the fund managers.
Who can invest in unit trust?
You need to be at least 18 years old (as at the date of application for the unit trust) to invest in unit trust. Before investing in any unit trust, please ensure that you have read the relevant unit trusts’ prospectus and the relevant terms and conditions.


Here's the facts: Walker wants to eliminate the unions ability to collectively bargain pension plans and benefits. Currently, union members are paying astronomically low rates; less than 1% into their pension, only 6% into health care. In exchange, the unions take on lower salaries. Less money now, more down the line. All in all, the deal is a sweetheart deal, but let us be clear, there was no divine order stricken down from the heavens demanding that union members will only pay X amount into this or Y amount into that. The deal was negotiated. It was collectively bargained. But now, when its time to pay the "more later" bit, the government, headed by Scott Walker is attempting to renege. Instead of focusing on the facts, Walker continues to point out what a great deal these union workers have, correctly stating that other "working men", i.e. his relative at Sears, would love such a deal. It is a relatively smart bit of thinking, but with the aforementioned facts brought to light, it is also completely irrelevant.
If the fight were really about making economic concessions, though, the strikes would be over. Wisconsin union members are willing and ready to make the necessary compromises, so long as their ability to bargain collectively remains intact. Walker, though, refuses to allow it. Because, alas, it has nothing to do with the economic climate, it has to do with another "Tea Party Governor" trying to union bust and infringe on basic social rights of Americans. It is happening all across the country. Thankfully, Wisconsin has put its foot down, hopefully America takes notice.


Turkmenistan seeks to boost up potential of Caspian ports
By Aynur Karimova
Turkmenistan, one of the five Caspian-littoral countries, has proposed to hold an international meeting to discuss boosting the potential of ports of the Caspian states.
This offer was made by Turkmen President Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov during the high-level talks with his Iranian counterpart Hassan Rouhani in Tehran on November 22-23.
"Currently a major project is underway to construct the Turkmenbashi International Sea Port, which will help develop mutual transport links with the Iranian ports of Anzali and Neka on the Caspian Sea," Berdymukhamedov said.
Boosting the potential of the Caspian ports will allow multiplying cargo transportations through the Bandar Abbas Port to the Persian Gulf, according to the Turkmen president.
Berdymukhamedov also proposed to establish the Turkmenistan-Iran Interstate Coordination Commission for Trade Issues to modernize interconnection among the ports.
Currently, Turkmenistan’s modernized large-capacity vessels are actively involved in freight transportations in the Caspian Sea, operating on international routes from the port of Turkmenbashi to the ports of other Caspian states.
Also, the legal status of the Caspian Sea was among the hot topics discussed by Berdymukhamedov and Rouhani.
The Turkmen president said the proposals put forward by
Turkmenistan and Iran are a basis for new types and mechanisms of
multilateral, mutually beneficial cooperation in the Caspian Sea
region in such fields as security, emergency situations, trade and
economic partnership, transport and communications.
He believes that all these creates favorable conditions for strengthening the mutual trust between the littoral countries, first of all, for developing the trade and economic relations.
Turkmenistan is the largest supplier of natural gas to Iran. The most convenient transportation route for Turkmen resources to the energy markets of the region passes through Iran.
Turkmenistan was the seventh leading importer of Iranian non-oil goods in the previous Iranian calendar year, which ended on March 20, 2015, according to the Iran Customs Administration.
The value of bilateral trade between Iran and Turkmenistan exceeded $4 billion in 2014, while this figure exceeded $2.62 billion in the first nine months of 2015.
Turkmenistan and Iran effectively cooperate within influential regional and international organizations and develop the mutually beneficial partnership in trade and economic spheres.
Moreover, a number of large-scale joint projects have been implemented by the two countries during the years-long cooperation.
Aynur Karimova is AzerNews’ staff journalist, follow her on Twitter: @Aynur_Karimova
Follow us on Twitter @AzerNewsAz


12 major suppliers for Tesco Ireland’s own-brand food products have pledged to cut food waste as part of the retailer’s efforts to halve food waste by 2030.
The dozen companies will measure their food waste and regularly publish the data from next year.
They have also committed to reducing wastage by 50pc, in line with Tesco’s targeted adopted as part of UN sustainable development goal 12.3, which calls for a reduction by half in farm-to-fork waste over the next 10 years.
The companies that have agreed to the initiative are: Aryzta in Dublin, Stapleton’s in Tipperary, Panelto in Longford, Country Crest in Dublin, Total Produce in Dublin, Keelings in Dublin, Manor Farm in Cavan/Meath. Ballymaguire Foods in Dublin, Western Brand in Mayo, O’Brien Fine Foods in Kildare, ABP in Louth and Hilton Meats in Louth.
Other Irish companies such a Hilton, Kepak, Kerry, Greencore and Ornua had previously signed up to the No Time for Waste pledge as part of the wider Tesco group.
This move is part of Tesco’s No Time for Waste initiative which aims to minimise food waste and increase surplus food donations from Tesco stores nationwide by 2020.
‘As a food business, we, along with our suppliers, will inevitably have a level of food waste in our business,’ Tesco Ireland CEO Kari Daniels said. ‘That’s why it is so important that we’re tackling waste right across the supply chain — both at branded and own-brand levels.’
Minister for Communications, Climate Action and the Environment Richard Bruton said: ‘A key part of the government’s climate action plan is tackling food waste and it is an area in which business can really make a tangible, measurable change.’


Santos need Chelsea to help fund Malouda - report
According to English newspaper Daily Mirror, Santos will make an attempt to sign out-of-favour Chelsea midfielder Florent Malouda in January.
However, the report suggests that any deal would be dependent on the Blues paying a proportion of the former Les Bleus star's wages - with Santos unable to meet the player's demands.
It is thought that Malouda, whose with is Brazilian and who was born in French Guiana, would be open to a move to Brazilian football and has previously held talks with Vasco da Gama over the possibility of a transfer.
The move would rival Botafogo's capture of Clarence Seedorf earlier this year as the biggest transfer in the history of Brazilian football, with both transfers heavily influenced by the players' respective backgrounds.
At Chelsea, Malouda currently receives £80,000 a week and whilst Santos would not be expected to match that figure, the suggestion is that they would still need help from the selling club to match the Frenchman's demands.


Categories Economics There is _________ relationship between money supply and inflation. Post author By thelooknow Post date March 27, 2022 A. Positive B. Negative C. No D. None of the above CORRECT ANSWER IS: Positive ← According to classical and modern economists inflation function describe the relationship between _____________ and ___________________. → Import function describe the relationship between _________ and __________.


Learning from Innovation in the Health Industry
Edited by Marco R. Di Tommaso and Stuart O. Schweitzer
Chapter 8: The Geography of Intangibles: The Case of the Health Industry
Marco R. Di Tommaso, Daniele Paci and Stuart O. Schweitzer 1 INTRODUCTION Industrial policy for the promotion of high-tech sectors is desirable under certain circumstances. In particular, as shown by Di Tommaso and Schweitzer in this volume, this could be the case for health care-related sectors, which are usually characterized by advanced technological content. Furthermore traditional industrial policy objectives applied to health sectors can be useful in the light of a new approach to health care policy. According to Di Tommaso and Schweitzer (2000), traditional health policies, focused only on cost containment, should be replaced by more comprehensive policies, considering health care expenditures not just as a cost, but as an investment that can have remarkable returns in terms of innovation, employment and trade. In this view, health care is considered as a broad industrial sector. The authors called this model the ‘Health Industry Model’, which is composed of three main actors: providers of health services (hospitals, clinics and other structures), ﬁnancing organizations (both public and private) and the suppliers of health-related goods and devices. Despite the diﬃculties of providing a unique deﬁnition of ‘high-tech’, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry can be considered hightechnology sectors both in terms of inputs (R&D and highly-skilled personnel) and in terms of outputs (complexity of products).1 As Di Tommaso et al. (2005) noted, one of the most interesting features of high-tech sectors is their reliance on intangible assets (IAs). Intangible assets include nonphysical sources of value for ﬁrms, such as patents,...
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Last Updated on March 28, 2022 by tim
Neopets starting selling NFTs in November 2021. Despite the community outcry that saw no need for Neopets NFTs, the sale proceeded as planned. What is the current state of the Neopets NFT market?
The Neopets Metaverse lists 3 official NFT marketplaces where you can purchase Neopets NFTs: Solanart, Magic Eden, and Solsea. Of the 3 exchanges, as of the time this post was written the cheapest Neopets NFT costed 0.88 SOL on Magic Eden – a Water Kacheek with a Nutcracker Hat. At the current Solana price of $78.71, that is around $69.26.
As you probably expect, the price for the most expensive Neopets NFT is through the roof. Solanart has a Wraith Kougra listed at 20,000 SOL, around $1,574,200.
All 3 NFT marketplaces do list general market data that is useful to try and see how big the Neopets NFT market is. Solsea has 14 listed NFTs and a volume of 7.61 SOL. Solanart has 670 listed and 2.06k SOL volume. Magic Eden has 151 listed and 2357.37 SOL volume.
So the market does not seem that big. The primary issue I see with Neopets NFTs is that it is difficult to price a NFT. Pricing seems to be random and there doesn’t seem to be a correlation between rare pet traits and NFT prices.
The NFTs also have no use outside of collecting. These days with NFT games popping up all over the place it would have been a good idea to build some sort of game around these Neopets NFTs.
The community backlash was also not helpful. Neopets is a dying game but still has a small, dedicated community that play the game. Any Neopets project needs to have this community fully on-board or the project is likely to not take off. The community should have been more involved.


Researchers suggest that the global market of business intelligence and analytics will expand to reach $22.8 billion by 2020.
The demand for business users to access critical business data in real-time is increasing exponentially. BI is essential for any business to gain insights from old records, predict future shortcomings, and aid in avoiding challenges. Data visualization and analytics tools assist in achieving long-term goals for any organization. The self-service business intelligence market is fueled by the increasing demand for extensive data in the companies and also manages their operations diligently.
Self-Service Business Intelligence
Self-service business intelligence is a type of BI that promotes professionals to generate business reports without the assistance of the IT department. This advanced analytics tool allows business users to access company data easily, along with investigating and manipulating it to identify business opportunities. Your company does not require to be technically efficient to get hands-on self-service BI. The tool is specially built to frame the status of metrics and reveal the relationship between parameters and data points. The self-service analytics tool provides opportunities for improvement in the existing techniques and works on refining business strategies.
Hence, self-service business intelligence and analytics solution is a smart data preparation tool that authorizes business users to access multi-structured data and increases the chances of data discovery in a business ecosystem. Selecting a self-service BI solution requires a diverse approach than that of the traditional BI tool.
Importance of High Self-Service Factor for Business Intelligence Solutions
The factors mentioned above should be considered before opting for a self- service analytics solution. Hence, a high self-service factor helps in making the required data available to the business user in real-time. Self-service BI is the right solution for your company when it is designed and deployed by experts.


The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has directed that prepayment penalty charged by banks on home loans is very much within the competition laws.
The ruling by CCI comes in response to the complaint filed by a borrower, Mr Neeraj Malhotra against Deutsche Post Bank Home Finance Ltd for charging him with prepayment fees. The bench of four members of CCI said that the levy of charge by the bank was in no case violating Section 3 and 4 which relate to anti competitive practices and use of dominant position.
Two members of the bench however said that levying charge of this nature should be discontinued by banks, the order released on CCI website read.
Prepayment penalty currently ranges in between 1-2% for most banks. Using this charge banks aim to recover the losses in terms of interest occuring due to preclosure of loan.
However there are some lenders who charge this fee only in case the customer opts for refinancing his home loan amount by switching to another lender offering lower interest rates.


FTSE 100 miner Polymetal said it was giving 191m dollars back to shareholders after solid financial results.
The firm said that "having considered the performance of the group during the year to date, available free cash flows and future investment requirements", it would pay special dividend of $0.50 per ordinary share on 21st January.
The move follows a change in divined policy in October, which now states regular dividends should represent 30% of the company's net earnings provided that net debt / adjusted EBITDA is below 1.75.
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Chief Executive Vitaly Nesis said the declaration of the first special dividend in the company's history reaffirmed the group's commitment to capital discipline and was also a result of solid operating and financial results.
"The implementation of our new dividend policy reflects the importance we place on delivering meaningful cash returns to our shareholders and sustainable value creation," he said.
The shares go ex-dividend on 12th December and there is an option for shareholders to elect to receive the dividend in pounds sterling.
December 2023 NS&I Premium Bond winners - check now to see what you’ve won
If you hold money in NS&I Premium Bonds, you can check from today (2 December) to see if you have won in the December prize draw. Here’s how to check.
By Vaishali Varu Published
OpenAI – corporate drama unleashed
OpenAI, the firm behind ChatGPT, was in uproar as its boss was booted out, briefly snapped up by Microsoft and then brought back again.
By Dr Matthew Partridge Published


Flood hazard identification, mapping project gains support from North Perth council
September 19, 2022
By Melissa Dunphy, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter
At its Sept. 12 meeting, the North Perth Mapping Project was endorsed by municipal council. There was the recommendation that council approve the application planned by Maitland Conservation (MC) to secure the grant funding that would be used to update data mapping related to flood hazards within the municipality of North Perth.
In January 2022, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) in partnership with the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry launched the Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program (FHIMP), a program that provides up to 50 per cent matched federal funding for eligible flood mapping projects. Funding will be released until March 2024 and aims to reduce the costs associated with updating these maps.
By identifying flood hazard areas, it aids in reducing the risk to property or people and increasing the accuracy of publicly-accessible flood maps, therefore informing land use planning decisions. The current official regulation mapping for the municipality of North Perth dates back to as early as 1976, with the latest edits being from 1992. With more accurate maps, the promise is that of preparation of future flooding and reducing long-term disaster assistance costs for Ontario.
The North Perth Mapping Project was presented to council by Chief Administrative Officer Kriss Snell, with the MC facilitating the application process and managing the project.
There are four major cost components associated with this North Perth Mapping Project. The LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), which provides base digital model elevation, will cost zero dollars, as the Ministry of Natural Resources will be conducting this and will cover costs for the entire project area. The hydrology component of the project, that determines routing flows, will cost an estimated $30,000. There is an urban mapping component which models flood extent that covers from Highway 23 to the drain confluence and costs $60,000. Finally, the rural mapping component, covering flood extent from Ethel to Highway 23, costs $85,000. The total cost of the project is projected to be $175,000.
With the FHIMP program possibly covering 50 per cent of the costs, North Perth would be responsible for the remaining $87,500. Should funding be received, this project will have to be included in the 2023 budget planning process.
Previously, this project would have been fully funded by the municipality.
“At least we are at the point now where we can get 50 per cent of our funding covered,” states Snell.
MC mentioned that individual property owners having to do studies on their own, would cost between $10,000 to $15,000. So by having these publicly-accessible flood maps, it would save individually incurred costs.
Concerns were raised during the council meeting regarding the proposed end date of the project, being that grant funding ends in March 2024 while the MC has proposed an end date of October 2024.
However, conservation authority staff believe they can finish this project within the allotted time.
“It would certainly rely on the outside consultation, [and the] consultants [doing] the project but they felt it could be done within that time frame and had no concerns about the timing of the application and grants, “ says Snell.
There was a unanimous vote by council to support the project, and the municipality has endorsed the application planned by MC to secure the grant funding from FHIMP.
Melissa Dunphy is a Local Journalism Initiative Reporter with the Listowel Banner.
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Co-working concept, Work.Life, which opens near King Street this November, has announced it has partnered with five high-profile Manchester entrepreneurs for the launch of its new space.
Steven Bartlett (Founder and CEO, Social Chain), Sacha Lord (Founder, The Warehouse Project, Founder, ParkLife, and Night Time Economy Advisor to Greater Manchester), Nick Speakman (Founder, SPORF), Karina Jadhav (Founder, Menagerie) and Anthony Logan (Founder and CEO, Noir) have all worked with Work.Life to create bespoke artwork for the space.
Representing the Manchester entrepreneurial scene, each has provided their own wall quote to inspire the next generation of start-ups and Manchester businesses working within the space.
The artwork will be available to view when the co-working venue, situated in the CORE building on Brown Street, officially opens on 19 November.
To celebrate further, Work.Life will also be hosting a series of’ ‘An Evening With..’ sessions with the entrepreneurs, for business owners and start-ups to hear exclusive takeaways, business tips and the stories behind their journeys to the top.
Evening sessions with Karina Jadhav and Sacha Lord are already confirmed for November, with tickets opening today across the @workdotlife social channels and through EventBrite.
Sacha Lord, Founder, The Warehouse Project, Founder, ParkLife, and Night Time Economy Advisor to Greater Manchester and who has contributed to the design of Work.Life, comments, “Start ups form the foundation of business throughout Greater Manchester. I’m delighted to see and support Work.Life, which will undoubtedly become a hub for the next generation of entrepreneurs from our city.”


Also hold apprised of all safety updates of materials and points with things like off-gassing, carbon monoxide production, and different chemical precautions. Let the native public courses find out about your teaching business.
Cultivate relationships with the workers and encourage them to suggest you as a coach. Golfing is a recreation that business folks use to develop relationships outside the office.
The Resuming Business Toolkit is designed to help employers in slowing the unfold of COVID-19 and decreasing the influence of their office when reintegrating workers into non-healthcare business settings. There is still time to entry no- and low-interest loans designed to assist small businesses endure pandemic restrictions on their operations. USPS® offers bulk mail and volume delivery companies for small to massive businesses. Easily print and monitor labels, schedule pickups, arrange commercial forwarding, and handle customer returns. Boost campaigns with targeted promoting and business insights from advertising and transport consultants.
Cost to start out this business can be advertising supplies and a reliable automotive to get from consumer to client. A love of cooking became a full-time business for Nancy Neal of Melbourne, Fla. She makes jams, jellies and spreads right in her house kitchen, now has about 50 merchandise together with soup mixes at herNancy’s Pantry Cornerin a wide range of markets.
- Selling life insurance on the aspect could quickly generate a consistent $1,000 – $2,000 per 30 days relying on how a lot time you make investments in this aspect business idea.
- Avon, Mary Kay, Pampered Chef, and Tupperware all enlist the assistance of native gross sales representatives to get the word out to shoppers about their products.
- Selling insurance products—particularly life insurance coverage—could also be a great way to bring in some further cash and build residual income in your spare time.
- If you’re comfortable talking to folks a couple of product, this business concept might be for you.
LegalZoom gladly offers providers to citizens of the EU wishing to start out a business or defend their intellectual property within the United States. A trademark is likely one of the most important business property you will ever own. It distinguishes your organization and its products in the market.
Plus, your neighborhood members will learn from one another alongside the way in which. Creating the house for that group can be as simple as establishing a private Facebook group or selecting a community-constructing platform like Slack that has extra capabilities to use your personal custom URL, have internal forums, personalized designs and more. With what number of business ideas already exist out in the world, it may be troublesome to come up with the right aspect business concept you need to be spending your time on. And by now you probably already know… one of many lowest value (and most attainable) business ideas you can start engaged on proper nows launching a weblog of your own. For that purpose, I recently put together a free information that breaks down how to begin a weblog and I share the precise strategies I’ve used to show my blog right into a more than $50,000/mo business.
You do need to be a greater than average golfer to develop a status as a golf coach. You also must be a great trainer, know the way to be motivational and be keen to work with many different types of individuals. People love to spend weekends rummaging via tables filled with different people’s undesirable gadgets, looking for treasures. Make certain to vary your layout and put new stuff out for sale often.
Another issue with the PPP loan is that it covers only eight weeks of expenses, and the money should be used as quickly as the business proprietor starts receiving it. That’s robust for restaurants and other businesses which are nonetheless closed or working with a skeleton crew for takeout. Another big criticism is that small companies have to use three-quarters of the PPP cash on payroll in order for it to become a grant that does not should be repaid.
But in your individual business you possibly can transcend the boundaries and guidelines to make your small business successful. But when it comes to your personal business then there isn’t a restrict for cash to return in. You can get as much revenue as you want along with your onerous work ( it is a condition 😉 ). In job there is a limit to it but in Business there is no restrict. If you’ve a job then there you will get a fixed monthly salary for your work, which can be increased with “unnoticeable amount” after a 12 months or two.


The marketing mix is a combination of 4 P’s (product, price, place and promotion) that should be used in conjunction with each other to ensure a competitive edge over other companies. ‘The marketing mix is designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market’.
Marketing mix is one of the most popular terms of the management. Marketing mix includes several terms like place, price, product and promotion these factors hold the key and known as Four P’s and even though there are some other factors like people, process and physical evidence. Any organization either a profit-making or non profit-making has to analyse and understand all these factors because they play a vital role in the marketing environment.
“The term marketing mix refers to a unique blend of product, place (distribution), promotion, and pricing strategies (often referred to as the four Ps) designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market.”(Lamb,Hair and McDaniel, 2012, p.47). A marketing mix is important in business because it maximizes a company's chances of achieving steady, continual success in its operations. It also ensures that a company remains responsible to its customers by living up to its product claims.
The marketing mix is primarily made up of four variables, and they are product, place, price, and promotion. These variables are often referred to as the four P's. Many sources often describe the marketing mix as a recipe used in developing a viable marketing strategy, with each ingredient being used different ways and at different times based on the product or service one is trying to market. This paper will utilize three sources to describe the elements of the marketing mix. It will also describe how each one of the four elements of the marketing mix impacts the development of an organization's marketing strategy and tactics.
The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketers. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand's offer, and is often associated with the four P's: price, product, promotion, and
MARKETING MIX Thus the overall marketing strategy is outlined. The next step is to choose the most appropriate marketing mix – the 4Ps that will bring the company the best response to its wants. Product – the portfolio of goods-and-services the company offers to the target market Price – amount of money to be paid, adjusted to the current competitive and economic situation, in line with buyer`s perceptions of the product`s value. Place – all the activities that make the product available to target consumers, including intermediaries, distributors, sellers. Promotion – all the activities that present the unique characteristics of the product and persuade the customer to buy it.
“Marketing Mix” is made up of 4P’s of marketing. This tool blends these variables together to produce the results it wants to achieve in its specific target market. “Brand Position” mentions to consumer’s reason to buy the products in preference to others.
Mars-library, 2015, Marketing mix in marketing strategy: Product, Price, Place and Promotion, viewed 3 June 2015, < www.marsdd.com/mars-library/the-marketing-mix-in-marketing-strategy
The marketing mix is the business tool which is used in marketing and even used by the marketers. It is often crucial for determining the product or brand and it provide overall worth to its clients. Marketing mix associated with 4P’S product, price place, and promotions.
The marketing mix is an integral tool in building an effective marketing strategy and implementing it with tactics. The main objective of this study is to understand the role of marketing mix. This study can be used as a tool to assist in pursuing marketing objectives.
Evaluate concepts and principles of strategic marketing and the application to the development of an appropriate marketing mix for Kathmandu.
The 'marketing mix' is a set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that work together to achieve company's objectives. The marketing mix analysis is also called 4P analysis. This analysis contains a set of controllable strategic tools of marketing which work in simultaneously to attain the objectives of an organization. In this paper we will analysis two organizations with respect to their marketing mix. The companies that I have chosen for this task are Pepsi Co and Coca Cola.
The marketing mix concept often referred to as the “4Ps” (McCarthy, 1964), as a means of translating marketing planning into practice (Bennett, 1997) is one of the fundamental concepts of marketing theory. Marketing mix is not a scientific theory, but merely a conceptual framework that identifies thee principal
The four P’s of a marketing mix are as follows, product, price, place, and promotion. Each of these offers a marketing parameter for the management and company team to control. With each marketing tool there are decisions that should be met as far as the business is concerned. Therefore, there is a list for each one that should be analyzed to meet the business standards.
Marketing mix refers to the enterprise for their target market needs, control various marketing factors (product, price, place and promotion) to optimize the combination and comprehensive utilization, in order to accomplish better economic and social benefits (Chai, 2009, p.4). Place and product will be attached more importance in this section.


Crude Falls 2.8% as Hamas Says Gaza Truce Is Close
Crude oil futures prices plunged 2.8% after reports Israel and Palestinians were near a truce eased worries the conflict would block supplies from the region.
Hamas, the Gaza Strip's ruling party, is close to a deal to halt hostilities along the Gaza Strip, but hasn't yet reached one, the Associated Press cited a senior Hamas official as saying. Meanwhile, Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev told CNN that a cease-fire deal with Gaza militants hasn't been finalized and the "ball is still in play."
U.S. oil futures had climbed 4.5% over the previous two sessions on fears that the conflict could spread throughout the Middle East and disrupt oil production and transportation.
"We've a had a 5% gain...since the shooting started. If it's going to stop, then the [oil] bulls have run out of steam," said Addison Armstrong, senior director of market research at Tradition Energy in Stamford, Conn. "That's the main cause of the selloff today."
Front-month January crude oil futures prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange settled down $2.53 a barrel, at $86.75 a barrel. The decline was the biggest in a single day since Nov. 7 when data showed a sharp drop in U.S. oil demand in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.
North Sea Brent crude oil on the InterContinental Exchange settled 1.7%, or $1.87, lower to $109.83 a barrel.
Crude-oil prices began to fall even before the truce report, with traders and analysts citing increased diplomatic efforts to quell the Gaza turmoil by the U.S. and the United Nations, along with Egypt, Qatar and Turkey.
"The market has built about a $3 to $5 a barrel risk premium into the price of oil since the fighting began last week," said Dominick Chirichella, analyst at the Energy Management Institute. "The price of oil will likely fall quickly and pretty strongly" if a diplomatic solution can be reached, he said.
As fears of an expanding Mideast conflict ease, market participants said traders will be faced with the abundant oil production and weak demand that has plagued the market since mid-September, the last time U.S. futures moved over $100 a barrel in intraday trading.
Mr. Armstrong said a Gaza cease-fire would send oil traders back to focusing on the supply and demand fundamentals and could set the stage for oil prices to fall below $80 a barrel for the first time since late June.
The global crude-oil market is well supplied, while signs of a sagging global economy prompts fears that the world's appetite for crude is eroding, traders and analysts said.
"While the global economy is continuing to falter, with no signs that a reversal is imminent" for oil prices, Mr. Chirichella said.
U.S. oil inventories stand at a four-month high, and the surplus from 2011 levels has widened out to a three-year high of near 39 million barrels, or 11.5%. Analysts expected data set for release Thursday by the federal Energy Information Administration to show stocks rose again last week, by 800,000 barrels. Analysts also expected the data to show a 1-million-barrel gain in gasolnie stocks and a 800,000-barrel fall in distillates (diesel and heating oil).
The American Petroleum Instiute, a trade group, said in its survey late Tuesday that crude oil stocks fell by 1.924 million barrels, while gasoline stocks fell 4.809 million barrels and distillates dropped 4.397 million barrels. API said refiners boosted operations to 86.1% of capacity from 83.9% a week earlier.
Tim Evans, energy futures specialist at Citi Futures, said he sees fair value for U.S. crude at around $82 a barrel now and $95 a barrel for Brent, given the supply/demand picture.
December reformulated gasoline blendstock futures settled 4.2 cents, or 1.5% lower, at $2.7125 a gallon. December heating oil lost 1.2%, or 3.59 cents, to settle at $3.0392 a gallon.
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Rwanda | Nyamasheke: Access to finance forum’s meeting convened
A meeting of Access to finance forum in Nyamasheke district convened on the 3rd.Oct.2012 to revise the operations of financial institutions in the district and their limitations.
Charles Bahizi the president of this forum and the vice mayor for finance and economic development who presided over the meeting asked the financial institutions to work hard and get people out of poverty and manage well people’s property.
This meeting discussed the problem of unpaid credits people got from financial institutions that were closed and resolutions to encourage people with certain debts to pay them for these finances to be used as they were supposed to in the development of the country.
Financial institutions were asked to always present monthly reports for the forum to follow closely on their operations and their limitations and to look for their solutions. The forum also analyzed the Hanga Umurimo program to see if the selected projects got the credit where some of the projects got the 1st phase of the credit.
Savings and Credit Cooperatives in sectors were reminded to find nice buildings to operate in and to be careful in their construction process while managing well people’s fund.
People who attended this meeting suggested that Access to finance forums be put in sectors and a team to learn about this and seek advice from National Bank of Rwanda was elected.


...us contracts to its developing portfolio of media businesses and it has lately won A 3 year agreement for each day Office environment cleaning for IPC Media's landmark creating, Blue Fin Creating.
Which of the subsequent outcomes of supplying accounting information is based on the provision and need model Agency idea
Farm Provides (merchant wholesalers besides People marketing garden and backyard garden provides through retail strategy)
Which of the next varieties of the effective industry speculation defines all accessible details as all publicly accessible info together with earlier inventory costs? Weak
A reduction need to be individually for a component of Internet money when it is abnormal in mother nature and which of the following?
Money details can affect the speed of capital development inside the financial state and end in a reallocation of wealth involving usage and investment decision inside the financial state.
The just one-time overstatement of restructuring charges to lessen assets, which lessens long term charges, will be the definition of which of the next earnings management approaches? Getting a bathtub
If a little small business omits a GAAP necessity from audited financial statements, an experienced or adverse viewpoint could be rendered.
...t afraid of shocks and may be used to wire the equipment all through transportation... Aquasaver Detersaver and for optimal management of cleaning solution.
What is the title of the form that international corporations have utilized to reconcile their economic statements to U. S. GAAP?
Stationery and Workplace Provides (service provider wholesalers except All those offering stationery and Business materials by way of retail system)
The principal downside of applying The proportion of completion means of recognizing earnings from very long-term contracts is that it's unacceptable for income tax applications
...guards world wide. At a current Conference, leaders of UNI Residence Providers, the worldwide union for cleaners, servicing and private security staff, passed a strategic want to organise employees and raise criteria in cleaning and security - two industries that make use of several of the globe's most susceptible employees when it comes to pay back and working hour...
What is the essential assumption of company concept? marketing leads Why is the relationship concerning shareholders and administration an agency relationship?


Ainscough Crane Hire has announced that Janet Entwistle is stepping down as chief executive after just 30 months with the company.
In a statement, the company said: “Ainscough has continued to deliver a strong profitable performance in challenging market conditions. Janet has been working with the board to build longer-term plans for the business to deliver future success and growth.”
It added: “Although Janet will now step back from the business, she will support the Board over the coming months to ensure a smooth transition.”
Janet Entwistle joined Ainscough as CEO in September 2016. She had previously run British Telecoms’ fleet management company, BT Fleet.
Janet Entwistle said: “I have been proud to be CEO of Ainscough Crane Hire and have thoroughly enjoyed my time with the company. I leave behind a great team and a strong business. I wish them and everyone in the business every success in the future.”
Since 2015 Ainscough Crane Hire has been owned by US private equity firm Oaktree Capital Management. It is the third group of investors to have ownership since brothers Martin, Brendan and James Ainscough sold up in 2007.


Once you get above $600 you will be seeing a variety of middle range to top end bikes. This is where things can start to get a little pricey, however if you were to build a custom to a similar spec you would be spending more so, in the long run, a complete bike is probably the perfect option! Middle range bikes in this price bracket might feature A combination of High tensile and full Cromo frames and can feature aftermarket parts on complete models.
Hopefully this guide gives you some options when you're looking at upgrading or stepping into the huge world of BMX! With technologies and manufacturing standards getting better and the market getting more competitive BMX looks like it's instore for better bikes as we move forward!
Bikes over $600


If you're looking for a small personal loan online today, there are several options available. Various online lenders specialize in providing quick access to personal loans with a simple application process. Here are a few places where you can find such loans:
- Online lending platforms: Websites like LendingClub, Prosper, and Avant facilitate personal loans online. They offer a fast and convenient application process, often providing instant decisions. These platforms connect borrowers with individual or institutional investors willing to lend money.
- Peer-to-peer lending platforms: Platforms like Peerform, Upstart, and Funding Circle connect borrowers directly with individual lenders. You can apply for a personal loan and get funding from other individuals through these platforms.
- Online banks and credit unions: Many traditional banks and credit unions now offer online-based services. You can apply for a personal loan on their websites, and if approved, the funds will be deposited into your bank account. Examples include Marcus by Goldman Sachs, Discover, and Navy Federal Credit Union.
- Payday alternative loans: Some credit unions offer payday alternative loans (PALs), which are small, short-term loans designed as an alternative to predatory payday loans. These loans typically have lower interest rates and more favorable repayment terms.
- Online installment loan providers: Companies such as CashNetUSA, Check Into Cash, and OppLoans offer installment loans online. You can apply and receive funds quickly, with the loan amount paid back over a fixed period in regular installments.
Remember to carefully compare interest rates, fees, repayment terms, and customer reviews when seeking an online personal loan. Always borrow responsibly and choose a reputable lender with transparent terms.
What is the difference between secured and unsecured small personal loans obtained online?
Secured and unsecured small personal loans obtained online differ primarily in the presence or absence of collateral and the associated risk for the borrower and the lender. Here are the key differences:
- Collateral requirement: Secured loans typically require collateral, such as a car, home, or savings account, which serves as security for the lender in case the borrower defaults on the loan. In contrast, unsecured loans do not require collateral.
- Risk for the borrower: With a secured loan, the borrower risks losing the pledged collateral if they fail to repay the loan according to the agreed terms. Unsecured loans carry less risk for the borrower since there is no collateral at stake if they default.
- Risk for the lender: Secured loans minimize the risk for lenders as they have the right to claim the collateral in case of non-payment. Therefore, secured loans often have lower interest rates compared to unsecured loans. Unsecured loans carry higher risk for lenders, leading to higher interest rates and potentially stricter approval criteria.
- Loan amount and term: Secured loans generally allow borrowers to secure larger loan amounts over longer terms due to the added security provided by collateral. Unsecured loans typically have lower borrowing limits and shorter repayment terms.
- Approval process: Secured loans may involve more paperwork and a lengthier approval process since the lender needs to assess the value and condition of the collateral. On the other hand, unsecured loans are faster to process with less documentation.
Both secured and unsecured personal loans have their benefits and considerations, so borrowers should evaluate their financial situation and preferences before choosing between the two options.
What is the average repayment period for small personal loans obtained online?
The average repayment period for small personal loans obtained online varies depending on the lender and loan terms. Typically, repayment periods range from six months to five years. However, some online lenders offer shorter-term loans with repayment periods of three months or less, while others may offer longer-term loans with repayment periods of up to seven years. It is important to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of the specific loan offer before accepting it.
How to find online lenders offering small personal loans with flexible repayment terms?
To find online lenders offering small personal loans with flexible repayment terms, you can follow these steps:
- Research online lenders: Start by doing a thorough search of online lenders that specialize in personal loans. Look for reputable lenders with positive customer reviews and ratings.
- Compare terms and conditions: Review the terms and conditions of each lender you come across. Look for flexibility in repayment terms, such as options for longer or shorter loan durations, ability to make early repayments without penalties, and options for adjusting monthly payments.
- Check eligibility criteria: Look for lenders that have lenient eligibility criteria. Some may consider borrowers with lower credit scores or allow you to use alternative qualifications, such as income, employment history, or assets.
- Read borrower reviews: Check for online reviews from other borrowers who have used the services of these lenders. This can give you valuable insights into their reputation, customer service, and overall satisfaction.
- Compare interest rates and fees: Take note of the interest rates and fees charged by each lender. Compare these to ensure you find a lender with competitive rates and reasonable fees.
- Apply for pre-approval: Once you have shortlisted a few lenders, apply for pre-approval to see if you meet their initial criteria. This process typically involves a soft credit check that won't impact your credit score.
- Evaluate loan offers: After receiving pre-approval, compare the loan offers provided by each lender. Consider the loan amounts, interest rates, and repayment terms offered to find the most flexible options.
- Read the fine print: Before committing to any lender, carefully read the loan agreement and understand all terms and conditions, including any potential fees or penalties associated with early repayments or late payments.
- Make a final decision: Consider all the factors, including loan terms, interest rates, fees, and customer service, before choosing the lender that best suits your needs.
What is the customer support availability for online lenders offering small personal loans?
The customer support availability for online lenders offering small personal loans may vary depending on the lender. However, most reputable online lenders provide customer support through various channels such as phone, email, and live chat. They generally have customer support representatives available during regular business hours, which can range from 9 AM to 5 PM or 8 AM to 8 PM, Monday through Friday. Some lenders may also offer limited customer support on weekends or outside regular business hours. It's always a good idea to check the lender's website or contact their customer support directly for accurate and up-to-date information on their availability.