Now days many among the youth and the young adults face various troubles with emotions, anxiety, sadness, depression, happiness and many other emotions are being tangled in a person’s mind and the feelings can never be expressed properly which leads to being more aggressively and mentally ill. People struggle their ways to untangle the emotions that are being built inside them, but how to deal with emotional trouble? There are few ways that studies prove that when conducted the emotional state of a person can be positively changed. Many people take walks, read a book or breathe fresh air to feel better from their own struggling emotions. But in the end of the day it becomes a battle of our own to deal with emotions. Emotions can be overwhelming, strong and powerfully forcing upon one’s mind. To handle it and to keep stability is difficult but not impossible. There are few ways in which a person can take help to relax their minds and improve their emotional state so they can lead a positive life ahead. We see many people with anxiety trouble, it can be very harmful for a person if it is not treated and considered seriously. Anxiety can block away the smartest thoughts and it will often limit the ideas that are generated in a person’s mind. Not many people can identify their anxiety struggle, and those who have identified it have a struggle of their own to reduce the stressful feelings they get attacked with. Did you know that the body movements actually connect to calmness of the mind? It can be two different aspects but they connect as one in your body. Your body and mind work simultaneously. It brings together a relaxing form when cooperated and trained. So emotions can be dealt with body movements that connect calmness to the entire body.
Change and stability in the body
If you consider the yin yoga benefits you will actually realize how much strongly it affects your mind and emotions. When your body changes movements and is flexible towards relaxation the mind creates gaps of calmness to recognize emotions in a different point of view, your body learns to breathe calmly and the stress levels are reduced.
Motivation through positivity
When you recognize the positive changes that your emotions feel when you take movement classes you will understand that you will need more motivation to continue in the same path of positivity to see best results, you can use yoga poses poster and have a motivational side to what you are looking forward to. View more here https://www.with-yinyoga.com/yin-yoga-teacher-training/.
Learn to breathe
You can help your struggles with emotions when you reach out to people who can help you learn to breathe.


It’s 3 o’clock, what do you find yourself reaching for?
If you reach for chips, you are lacking motivation and/or filled with worries. Not exactly the best snack for a productive afternoon. If you find yourself reaching for chocolate it means that you are concerned about your future health. Although, maybe not enough to put down the chocolate bar, but it is on your mind. If you reach for dairy products or fruit, things are looking up for you. You are optimistic about your health!
Snacks provide 15-20% of our daily calories, which is why snacking seems to be one of the first things to go when you start a diet. Yes, snacking can help us reduce our calories but it is also where we get on average 13-17% of our daily vitamins.
People that snack frequently are less depressed.
They also eat less green vegetables.
So, what this says to me is that we need a little help in the snack department.
The Kansas City Dietitian’s Simple Snack Rules:
- Keep it to less than 200 calories – This allows enough room to get the benefits of a good snack but not so much that you are making it into a “meal”
- Snack with a purpose – Always include a fruit and vegetable and pick foods that have nutritional value not just those that are low in calorie
- Make sure to include a protein or a healthy fat with your carb – This helps stabilize your blood sugar, which is one of the most important things about snacking
The worst snack you can possibly have is the UNPLANNED SNACK!
Plan your snacks into your day. Have them available at your desk, in your car, in your fridge, whatever you have to do just have them ready before you get hungry.
Simple Snack Ideas (No Recipes):
- ½ serving of tortilla chips (yes I’m not crazy enough to think that everyone is ready to give up chips all together, but only half a serving, and add a veggie), a serving of carrot sticks, ½ cup salsa and a cheese stick (don’t forget the cheese stick it provides the protein)
- Avocado spread on your favorite crackers and veggies
- Nuts and fruit (or dried fruit)
- Apple and Nut-butter
More Snack Ideas:
For the Chip Lover:
– Baked BBQ ChickPeas
– Black Bean Hummus and Veggies
For the Sweet Tooth:
– Cake Batter Dip with Fruit
– Yogurt Covered Fruit
– Chocolate Covered Raspberry Tarts
If you love this title raise your hand. I see those hands. It is a great title isn’t it? Once again WD has managed to destroy the English language with just one little word.
OK on with the dirty subject matter at hand.
I am often asked by clients if it is best to eat “organic”. This is a question fraught with complexities. I could address those complexities but instead I will try to figure out other ways to use the word fraught.
The following fruits and veggies are considered to be fraught with pesticides. Always choose organic. Look for the official Organic Seal. Don’t waste your money on “organic” foods that do not have this seal. (If you want to waste your money, send it to me. I am fraught with ideas.)
Other F & V’s (short for Sexy Fruits and Veggies) have been identified as being safe.
No matter the F & V’s you buy, always wash well. They are all fraught with nasty little dirts. (Yes, I used this word intentionally.) Just pour a little (about 2 Tablespoons) white vinegar into a big bowl, fill with cold water, let sit for about a minute, pour into strainer and rinse for about a minute.
And that is the Double Down Dirty Dish on the Dirtiest F and V’s.
Do yourself a favor and clean up your act (and your produce.)
Thank you once again for supporting WD!
Only a “Veggies are Sexy” specialist can find a “Sexy Fruits” sign on an island vacation. The oddest part of all, there was not a fruit to be found anywhere near this sign (unless of course you count the fruit wearing the blue top.) The mystery remains, why are Veggies sexy? Why are Fruits sexy? Yesterday I hosted a table at a Health Fair and these were the pressing questions that I was frequently asked. I was also asked why I was wearing a plastic lighted blinking heart.
Another often repeated question was, “Why do you have 5 pounds of fat sitting on your table?” But, the most often asked question by far was “What percentage of cocoa should dark chocolate contain to make it healthful?” Finally, a question I could answer. Dark chocolate should contain at least 75% or even 85% cocoa or cacao to make it a healthful treat. This means it contains more of the actual cocoa bean. Currently my favorite dark chocolate is Lindt 85% dark chocolate covered blueberries. But, my own dark chocolate covered blueberries also were a big hit at the Health Fair. (Watch for upcoming recipe.) They were gobbled up pretty quickly. If your organization has a health fair coming up, be sure to attend. If you see a crazed lady wearing a blinking heart necklace, carrying 5 pounds of fat and handing out chocolate covered blueberries, you will know it is me. Run….


Keeping your brain healthy is of vital importance. Your brain starts to function before you leave the womb, and it works throughout your entire life to help you control your body’s functions.
Human brains are similar to muscles, if you don’t maintain your brain on a regular basis, you could be at risk of losing it. People are advised to exercise their brains to help them stay stimulated.
However, maintaining your brain isn’t as complex as you might think. Here are a few things that you can do to help keep it healthy throughout your life.
1. Stay Active
Staying fit is a great way of improving your cognitive health. According to a recent study that was carried out in Canada, those who stayed physically active scored higher in memory examinations and were better at problem-solving.
This doesn’t mean you have to spend hours each day working out in the gym. Find something you enjoy doing, like going for a walk outdoors or taking up yoga. Not only will exercise help you stay in shape, but it will improve the blood flow to your brain.
Scientists in Europe believe that working your leg muscles can help your brain stay healthy. Walking, leg presses, jogging, swimming, etc. are the type of exercises you should do to keep your brain in good condition.
2. What Foods Should I Eat to Help Keep My Brain Healthy?
Diet is key to keeping your brain in top-notch condition. By maintaining a healthy diet, you can improve your memory and you will find it easier to concentrate. So, what type of foods should you introduce to your diet to keep your brain maintained?
- Broccoli: This tasty vegetable is packed with vitamins, such as vitamin K. Experts believe that vitamin K can help improve a person’s cognitive status and help improve their memory.
- Eggs: Eggs are affordable, readily available, and they are rich in vitamin B. They also contain a nutrient known as choline, which the body uses to form neurotransmitters, which can help improve your memory and lift your mood. If you don’t get enough choline in your diet, you can consider purchasing choline powder. There are several online stores selling the powder, so if you want, buy Choline online here.
- Fruits rich in vitamin C: Vitamin C will help support your brain and keep it maintained. Fruits like kiwis, oranges, and strawberries all contain high amounts of vitamin C. To avoid suffering from Alzheimer’s, many scientiests believe that vitaimain C can help.
Medical experts often encourage people to follow a Mediterain diet to keep their brains maintained. The diet includes lots of fatty fish, fruits like avocados, vegtables, and nuts. Also, try your best to limit the amount of red meat you consume.
3. Download Brain Games
Almost all of us have access to the web today. There are several games that you can download to exercise your brain. There are a lot of software applications readily available that are specifically designed to train your brain.
People of all ages should play these games because they can help improve mental funtioning. The older you get, your brain starts to age. To help keep your brain feeling young, play games like crosswords, Sudoku, Braingle, and Lumosity. Here are some of the benefits to playing brain games:
- Improves your memory
- Increases your response time
- Improves your cognitive functions
Avoid spending your hard-eanred money on brain training applications. Software developers often advertise these apps as a way to improve your memory, but they rarely work. There are lots of free apps out there that will work just as well, if not better. Consider downloading free software avaible on popular online marketplaces, such as the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store.
People who don’t socialize with others often suffer from mental disorders like depression and increased levels of stress, which can sometimes lead to memory loss. Living alone, especially during these unprecidented times can take its toll on your mental health. Try to reconnect with old friends, and speak to your loved ones on a regualr basis. If you are struggling with your mental health, consider speaking to a medicaly trained expert for professional advice.
Interacting with folks who have a positive attitude on life can help. Try to minimize the time spent with those who put you in a bad mood. Negativity is contagious, and socializing with people who bring you down can have a devasting impact on your brain’s health.
5. Digital Detox
We only have one brain, so do whatever it takes to keep it in shape. The world is full of advanced modern technology, which is often a good thing, but too much screentime time can have a negative impact on your brain’s health. Limit the amount of time you spend on social media platforms and online streaming services, especially before hitting the hay at nighttime. Switch off all of your electronic devices one hour before going to bed.


Today's speaker was Manny Pacheco, he is the author of the “Forgotten Hollywood” book series. Manny worked at KRLA for many years alongside Art Labo. He has been on radio for 30 years and today he shared with us how Hollywood history reflects and ties into American history and Rotary history.
Manny has written about 37 actors that may be forgotten by our children's children and in order for their memories to be kept alive, he shares their wonderful stories.
The first story he shared with us was about the "Original Odd Couple" who appeared in nine movies together. These two actors were Sydney Greenstreet and Peter Lorre. The most famous of the movies that they appeared in were "Casablanca" and the "Maltese Falcon." About the time when these two movies were playing America was conducting the Cold War across two oceans. It was our government’s policy to try and harness and develop atomic energy. This was known as the Manhattan Project.
The best and the brightest scientists worked hard six days a week trying come up with a way to harness atomic energy. They lived on military bases with their families. To relax, on the seventh day which was Saturday, this was movie night and Hollywood being so patriotic at that time, they would donate their libraries of movies to these bases so the families of these scientist could relax and enjoy different movies.
One scientist was such a big movie fan, that when they dropped the first atomic bomb in New Mexico the scientist nicknamed it, "The Thin Man" after Dashiell Hammett's character played by William Powell. Two other bombs were dropped in Hiroshima and the other in Nagasaki. One bomb was small and slender and the other large and rotund. The first bomb that was dropped was nicknamed “Little Boy” and the second bomb was named “The Fat Man.” The names of the bombs were based on these two actors, so not only were they tied together in nine movies they were tied together in the history of World War II. Ironically these actors had no idea that they were tied with the history of these bombs which makes sense since these were top secret missions.
Another example of how movies and history tie together is the story of an actor by the name of that Van Heflin who played in a movie called “Cry of Battle.” It was a fictional movie playing in 1963 and in all the small movie theaters including one in Dallas named the Texas Theatre. This movie theater became famous because it was the place where Lee Harvey Oswald hid and got arrested. So important and historical was that day that if you were to visit that movie theater today you would see a plaque on the seat where Oswald was arrested as well as the poster for his movie still posted. Once again Hollywood and History intersect.
On a funny note, MGM’s top actor at that time who beat everybody else in top pay was Lassie! Yes that little dog was making more money for the studios than any two actors combined!
Mr. Pacheco’s last story was a connection of not only Hollywood and History but to Rotary as well. Lionel Barrymore had a lifetime contract with MGM, and as he got older he became disabled from arthritis and he eventually ended up in a wheelchair. During that time however, he had it in his lifetime contract that his disability was never to be mentioned. During the 1938 filming of “You Can’t Take it With You,” Lionel was in crutches healing from a broken hip that would never heal properly before his arthritis really took over his body thus confining him to his wheelchair. Helen Keller who was good friends with Eleanor Roosevelt was so impressed that when she heard of Mr. Barrymore (who was still shooting movies while in his wheelchair) said, "Our time has come! If an actor can perform in a wheelchair, we can fight disease and disabilities now! Talk to your husband." Well as we are aware of historically, Eleanor Roosevelt who was married to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Mr. Roosevelt contracted Polio, while the Roosevelt's were vacationing in 1921, which resulted in permanent paralysis from the waist down. After he became President, Roosevelt helped to found the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, now known as the March of Dimes. Every year on his birthday he invited Hollywood to his Birthday Party to raise all kinds of money for the March of Dimes, so successful was this March of Dimes campaign that within 10 years after his death we eradicated polio in the United States.
Twenty Five years after that, Rotary Club was then able to fight Polio on an international level with its Polio Plus Program, using the same concept and the same techniques that were started through the March of Dimes campaign. As Rotarians we should ALL be Proud of ourselves for being part of this history, and for caring enough to fight for this ongoing campaign to stamp out Polio around the World!
Manny Pacheco is shown below; to learn more about "Forgotten Hollywood", log on to his bog at http://www.forgottenhollywood.com/hollywood-history/forgotten-hollywood-holidays-friendly-to-book-series.php


Studies that investigate the influence of culture on the persuasion process need methods and instruments to measure the effect of culture. As cultural studies have most frequently used values as a starting point for cross-cultural differences and similarities (see Section 2), values have also been used to measure culture. Persuasive effects research involving different cultures inherently encounters a number of methodological problems. In Section 3, I will describe these problems and some solutions, and propose the inclusion of context variables other than values as an alternative way of measuring the ef-fect of culture in experimental persuasive effects research.
- Hornikx, J. (2006). Measuring the effect of culture in experimental persuasive effects research. In R. Crijns, & J. Thalheim (Eds.), Kooperation und Effizienz in der Unternehmenskommunikation: inner und außerbetriebliche Kommunikationsaspekte von Corporate Identity und Interkulturalität (pp. 195-204). Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag. [pdf]
Using evidence in support of claims makes a message more persuasive, but it is not known whether the persuasiveness of evidence depends on the type of evidence, and on the cultural background of the receiver of the message. This book reports on a series of five studies, in which the expected and actual persuasiveness of anecdotal, statistical, causal, and expert evidence were investigated in France and the Netherlands, with a particular focus on expert evidence. The findings from these empirical studies clearly demonstrate that there are cultural differences in the relative expected persuasiveness as well as the actual persuasiveness of the evidence types studied. Expert evidence was found to be more persuasive in France than in the Netherlands, although these cultural differences were subtle. Therefore, the findings reported in this book further underscore the importance of investigating the influence of culture on the persuasion process.
- Hornikx, J. (2005). Cultural differences in the persuasiveness of evidence types in France and the Netherlands. Dissertation Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen [pdf].
Persuasive texts in which evidence is employed to support claims are more effective than texts without evidence. Text writers may use different types of evidence, such as anecdotal, statistical, causal, and expert evidence. Over the years, a number of experimental studies have investigated the persuasive effectiveness of these evidence types. In these experiments, various definitions and operationalisations of evidence and evidence types have been used. As a consequence, there is no clear picture of which type of evidence is the most persuasive. This review analyses fourteen experiments on the relative persuasiveness of evidence types. Results show that statistical and causal evidence are more persuasive than anecdotal evidence.
- Hornikx, J. (2005). A review of experimental research on the relative persuasiveness of anecdotal, statistical, causal, and expert evidence. Studies in Communication Sciences, 5 (1) , 205-216. [pdf]
In this second edition of Persuasion: theory & research, Daniel O’Keefe gives a state-of-the-art overview of theories and research in the field of persuasion. The author has succeeded in providing an introductory text for (under)graduate students that discusses classic and more current theoretical perspectives that have been or will be prominent for the study of persuasive effects (chapters 2-6).
- Hornikx, J. (2003). Review of “Persuasion: theory & research (2nd edition)” by Daniel O’Keefe. Document Design, 4 (3), 284-287. [pdf]
Persuasive texts, such as advertisements or public information brochures, are written to convince the readers to behave in a certain manner, like buying a DVD-player or stop smoking. These texts are generally characterised by pragmatic argumentation, by which an action is recommended on the basis of its favourable consequences. In order to enhance the persuasive power of these texts, writers can support their claims with different types of evidence, like statistical information or anecdotes. The text writers’ preference for certain types of evidence might be influenced by their cultural background. A cross-cultural corpus study consisting of Dutch and French persuasive brochures will be presented. We will first outline our theoretical framework by discussing the role of pragmatic argumentation (section two) and evidence types (section three) in persuasive communication.
- Hornikx, J., Starren, M., & Hoeken, H. (2003). Cultural influence on the relative occurrence of evidence types. In F. H. van Eemeren, J. A. Blair, C. A. Willard, & A. F. Snoeck Henkemans (Eds.), Proceedings of the fifth conference of the International Society for the Study of Argumentation (pp. 531-536). Amsterdam: Sic Sat. [pdf]


One of the most common causes of foot and leg discomfort is a condition known as overpronation. Normal pronation, or "turning inward" of the foot is necessary as the foot adapts to the ground. With over pronation, the arch flattens, collapses, and soft tissues stretch. This causes the joint surfaces to function at unnatural angles to each other. When this happens, joints that should be stable now become very loose and flexible. At first, over pronation may cause fatigue. As the problem gets worse, strain on the muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the foot and lower leg can cause permanent problems and deformities.
Over-pronation has different causes. Obesity, pregnancy, age or repetitive pounding on a hard surface can weaken the arch leading to over-pronation. Over-pronation is also very common with athletes, especially runners and most of them nowadays use orthotics inside their shoes. Over-pronation affects millions of people and contributes to a range of common complaints including sore, aching feet, ball of foot pain, heel Pain, achilles tendonitis, bunions, shin pain, tired, aching legs, knee pain and lower back pain. The most effective treatment solution for over-pronation is wearing an orthotic shoe insert. Orthotics correct over-pronation, thereby providing natural, lasting pain relief from many common biomechanical complaints.
Overpronation can negatively affect overall body alignment. The lowering of the longitudinal arch pulls the heel bone in, causing the leg, thigh bone and hip to rotate inwards, and an anterior tilt of the pelvis. Unnecessary strain to the ankles, knees, hips and back can result. Plantar fasciitis and inflammation, metatarsal pain, problems with the Achilles tendon, pain on the inside of the knee, and bursitis in the hip are just some of the conditions commonly associated with pronation.
The best way to discover whether you have a normal gait, or if you overpronate, is to visit a specialty run shop, an exercise physiologist, a podiatrist or a physical therapist who specializes in working with athletes. A professional can analyze your gait, by watching you either walk or run, preferably on a treadmill. Some facilities can videotape your gait, then analyze the movement of your feet in slow-motion. Another (and less costly) way is to look at the bottom of an older pair of run shoes. Check the wear pattern. A person with a normal gait will generally see wear evenly across the heel and front of the shoe. A person who overpronates will likely see more wear on the OUTside of the heel and more wear on the INside of the forefoot (at the ball). A person who supinates will see wear all along the outer edges of the shoe. You can also learn about your gait by looking at your arches. Look at the shape your wet feet leave on a piece of paper or a flat walking surface.
Non Surgical Treatment
Not all over pronation is treated. Although, when it appears to be a causitive factor that is contributing to pain,or development of structural deformities, there are various degrees of treatment.In some cases specific shoes may be all that is required. In other cases, paddings or strapping, are prescribed and where necessary orthotic therapy. A podiatric assesment would be advised to asses this.
Pronation forces us to bear most of our weight on the inner border of our feet. Custom-made orthotics gently redistributes the weight so that the entire foot bears its normal share of weight with each step we take. The foot will not twist out at the ankle, but will strike the ground normally when the orthotics is used. This action of the custom-made orthotics will help to prevent shin splints, ankle sprains, knee and hip pain, lower back pain, nerve entrapments, tendonitis, muscle aches, bunions, generalized fatigue, hammer toes, and calluses.


Scientific Research, Books, Articles, Columns, Lectures and Photographs
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: All photographs, images and charts on this site are copyright by Forrest M. Mims III. They may be reproduced by students and others for non-profit, non-commecial use if they are acknowledged: This photograph [or chart] is from www.forrestmims.org. Copyright by Forrest M. Mims III.
Geronimo Creek is a permanent, spring-fed creek in South-Central Texas. Many species of plants, fungi and animals are found along the creek and in the nearby fields, meadows and woods. Examples will be occasionally posted on this page. Sun and sky measurements have been made from the center of a field 300 meters from Geronimo Creek since May 1988. Click on images to enlarge.
Geronimo Creek scenes
Lynx spider dining on carpenter bee
The sequence of fisheye images at right shows the Sun and sky over Geronimo Creek Observatory at or near noon on various clear days from January through December 2003. The dark skies in the sequence are caused by smoke or dust. The photos were taken by a Nikon 990 3.3-megapixel camera with a Nikon 180 degree lens. Watch this spot for more Sun and sky animations going back to September 1998.
Frost Castles on Geronimo Creek, Texas
The white crownbeard (Verbesina virginica) is a native plant that grows in abundance a few hundred meters from the banks of Geronimo Creek, Texas. Typical mature plants are around 1.5 meters high, and some may reach 3 meters.
Mature white crownbeards have large leaves on a single stem crownded by a canopy of small, white flowers.
Crownbeards lose their leaves after the first frost. When the temperature is a few degrees below freezing, the stems of the plant rupture as frozen water emerges in delicate whorls and fans. The delicate ice sculpture may completely cover the 30 cm or so of the stem nearest the ground.
As the temperature warms above freezing, the delicate ribbons of ice begin to melt and fall to the ground. In doing so, long segments of ice appear to rotate downward as their weight pulls them toward the ground. Large sections of sculpted ice may fall at once. Or the ice may drop to the ground in ribbonlike flakes no thicker than a business card.
Sarah Anna Mims introduces the upper sequence. The elapsed time sequence below is an animated gif made with a Pentax 33WR digital camera (3.3 megapixels).


Today’s generation is notorious for neglecting their right to vote. However, their voice is important as these key issues in our current election relate to their concerns, especially the ages between 18 and 30. This makes it important for the millennials to represent their vote.
Below are five reasons why the youth’s vote will impact the future.
The Millennials Account for Nearly Half the Population
As the millennials have nearly half of the voting population, the participated voters decreased by 2%. Experts believe that once the boomer generation decreases, the millennials will become the largest and most powerful group to vote in the future elections. However, not all who have the power to vote will.
Older Citizens Are More Likely to Vote
While millennials make up a large part of the population, they are less likely to vote than the older generation. In fact, in 2016, nearly 19% of millennials voted in the presidential election while 49% of older citizens played as largest electorate vote.
Every Single Vote Counts
Many people assume that their vote will not count for countless reasons. Hence, they rather choose to not waste their time to participate in the elections. Millennials are reported to not agree with other candidate, which leads them to sit out as a result.
The Younger Generation Were Affected The Most During the Great Recession
With college debt and the lack of employment, these financial times effected the youth after the Great Recession. While unemployment rates have continued to decline, millennials have found their step into the new economy with debt forgiveness, healthcare, and more.
Youth Votes Are Diverse
In today’s generation, the young voters are made up of a diverse group. They are well diverse as the millennial electorate is believed to become the first demographic group to challenge the two-party system and heighten the drive to choose alternative political parties that will represent the needs of a diverse population.
You might think that choosing to vote may not be important now, but within the next year years you might be faced with challenges. It is your time to speak up and make a choice to partake in the election.


For many people, the word "counselor" takes them back to the image of someone they saw a few times in high school to help them with their class schedules, testing, college applications, and discipline. Elementary counselors are responding to today’s needs by providing children with comprehensive and developmental school counseling programs.
A Certified and/or Licensed Professional: All professional school counselors must have a master’s degree and meet other certification requirements as defined by each state.
The Developmental Needs of Elementary School Students: Elementary school is a time when students develop attitudes concerning school, self, peers, social groups, and family. It is a time when students develop decision-making, communication and life training skills, and character values.
Comprehensive developmental counseling is based on prevention, providing goals that are integrated into all aspects of children’s lives. Early identification and intervention of children’s problems are essential to change some of the current statistics regarding self-destructive behaviors. If we wait until children are in middle or high school to address these problems, we lose the opportunity to help them achieve their potential, as well as feelings of dignity and self-worth. For many children, the school counselor may be the one person who provides an atmosphere of safety, trust and positive regard.
Elementary School Counselors:
- Implement effective classroom guidance focusing on understanding self and others; coping strategies; peer relationships and effective social skills; communication, problem-solving, decision-making, conflict resolution, and study skills; career awareness and the world of work; substance education; and multicultural awareness.
- Provide individual and small group counseling dealing with self-image and self-esteem; personal adjustment; family issues; interpersonal concerns; academic development; behavior modification; as well as peer facilitation and peer mediation.
- Provide assessment by helping students identify their skills, abilities, achievements and interests through counseling and guidance activities and interpretation of standardized tests.
- Work with specialized populations and needs that require special attention, such as culturally diverse populations and students of varying abilities.
- Develop students’ career awareness as a lifelong process of forming basic values, attitudes and interests regarding their future world of work.
- Coordinate school, community and business resources; school wide guidance-related activities; and extracurricular programs which promote students’ personal growth and skill development.
- Provide consultation with teachers, administrators, school psychologists, school social workers, and outside agencies and social services concerning the welfare of the students.
- Make appropriate referrals for special services for students and families within the school and community.
- Communicate and exchange information with parents/guardians by way of conferences, parent education workshops and newsletters.
- Participate as members of the school improvement and interdisciplinary teams and work as liaisons with PTA.
Why Elementary School Counselors? Elementary school years set the tone for developing the skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for our children to become healthy, productive adults. With a comprehensive developmental counseling program, counselors work as a team with school. Parents and community to create a caring atmosphere whereby children’s needs are met through prevention, early identification and intervention.
Overview of the Program
The James Caldwell School Counseling Program is designed to be comprehensive and developmental, with an emphasis on prevention. This includes large group character education lessons, small group and individual counseling, and consultation with staff, parents and community.
The School Counselor, Ms. Marnie Zambolla, is a trained professional with a Masters' in School Counseling. She provides activities to enhance student’s academic progress by addressing issues such as conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, bullying, and self-esteem. She also teaches the skills needed for coping in our fast-paced and ever-changing world.
The content of the character education lessons and the small group discussions reflects the needs of the children as identified by teachers, parents, counselors, and the children.
The School Counselor consults with parents and teachers to address the academic, social, and emotional concerns of the child. The Counselor can provide resources and information to help address specific concerns, as well as develop strategies to improve communication and the learning environment.
Please contact the School Counseling Office if you have any questions.
(973) 376-1025ext.4026 firstname.lastname@example.org
Large Group Character Education Lessons
Character education lessons are conducted bi-monthly focusing on topics such as responsibility, conflict resolution, communication skills, respecting others’, and careers.
All topics are tentatively planned as they change based on student need.
Small Group Counseling Opportunities
Newcomers Club: Students that are new to the district or transfer within district have the opportunity to take part in the newcomers club. The club meets for three sessions during lunch to discuss their past school and community, present school and community, and their goals for the future.
Changing Families Group: Every year, groups are run for children of families that are experiencing separation, divorce or remarriage. The goals of the group are to give children strategies for communicating their feelings about the challenges inherent in this situation; visitation, different sets of rules, where to put their loyalties, and anger management.
Friendship Group: The friendship group is for students that need to work on developing the social skills necessary for making and keeping friends. The goals of the group are to identify the important qualities of a friend, understand common friendship problems, and learn how to manage conflict.
"Cool" Kids Group: The cool kids group deals with identifying causes and understanding the consequences of angry behavior. Students learn to identify anger reduction techniques and practice alternatives to acting out.
Individual counseling may be requested by a student, parent or teacher. The children often self-refer and ask their teacher when the best time is to leave the room to see the counselor. If a child needs mediation with another student, both will often request a session in the counseling office to brainstorm the best ways to solve the conflict between them. Outside referral is also made to parents of students that need to seek long-term intervention and support from community mental health agencies and private practitioners.
Orientation programs are run for students transitioning from lower elementary to upper elementary and upper elementary to middle school. Students will have the opportunity to visit their new school and ask questions about the transition. An orientation program is also held for parents of future upper elementary and middle school students. More information about the program will be available in the spring.


As part of CSMA/CD, a process known as ____________________ allows the NIC issue a special 32-bit sequence that indicates to the rest of the network nodes that its previous transmission was faulty and that those data frames are invalid.
Nearly all NICs contain a(n) ____, the device that transmits and receives data signals.
____ is a set of data or instructions that has been saved to a ROM (read-only memory) chip (which is on the NIC).
Each time a computer starts up, the device drivers for all its connected peripherals are loaded into ____.
A(n) ____ is the circuit board wire over which a device issues voltage to signal this request.
The ____ is a simple set of instructions that enables a computer to initially recognize its hardware.
The ____ setting specifies, in hexadecimal notation, which area of memory will act as a channel for moving data between the NIC and the CPU.
base I/O port
To eliminate the possibility of a broadcast storm, switches and bridges implement the ____.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
____ routing is a technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use specific paths between nodes.
____ are combinations of networking hardware and software that connect two dissimilar kinds of networks.
A computer's ____________________ is the circuit, or signaling pathway, used by the motherboard to transmit data to the computer's components, including its memory, processor, hard disk, and NIC.
A(n) ____________________ is software that enables an attached device to communicate with the computer's operating system.
Because WAN connections require routers or other Layer 3 devices to connect locations, their links are not capable of carrying ____ protocols.
The portion of the PSTN that connects any residence or business to the nearest CO is known as the ____.
In a process called ____, two 64-Kbps ISDN B channels can be combined to achieve an effective throughput of 128 Kbps.
A ____ converts digital signals into analog signals for use with ISDN phones and other analog devices.
At the customer's demarcation point, either inside or outside the building, T-carrier wire pairs terminate with a ____.
Broadband cable requires many subscribers to share the same local line, thus raising concerns about ____ and actual (versus theoretical) throughput.
SONET's extraordinary ____ results from its use of a double-ring topology over fiber-optic cable.
The data rate of a particular SONET ring is indicated by its ____, a rating that is internationally recognized by networking professionals and standards organizations.
OC (Optical Carrier) level
____ networking refers to dialing directly into a private network's or ISP's remote access server to log on to a network.
____ virtual computing allows a user on one computer, called the client, to control another computer, called the host or server, across a network connection.
In wireless communication, to exchange information, two antennas must be tuned to the same ____.
In ____, a wireless signal splits into secondary waves when it encounters an obstruction.
____ is a most significant problem for wireless communications because the atmosphere is saturated with electromagnetic waves.
In ____ scanning, the station transmits a special frame, known as a probe, on all available channels within its frequency range.
____ is an 802.11n feature that allows two adjacent 20-MHz channels to be combined to make a 40-MHz channel.
____ is an 802.11n network feature allowing the combination of multiple frames into one larger frame.
____ is a command-line function for viewing and setting wireless interface parameters and it is common to nearly all versions of Linux and UNIX.
If intermittent and difficult-to-diagnose wireless communication errors occur, ____ might be the culprit.
____ satellites are the type used by the most popular satellite Internet access service providers.
The use of multiple frequencies to transmit a signal is known as ____________________ technology.
A piece of software called ____ translates requests and responses between a client and a server.
A(n) ____ is a list that organizes resources and associates them with their characteristics.
A(n) ____ is the record of a user that contains all of his properties, including rights to resources, password, name, and so on.
The term ____ memory refers to the RAM chips that are installed on the computer's system board and whose sole function is to provide memory to that machine.
The support and use of multiple processors to handle multiple threads is known as ____.
A(n) ____ is a pictorial representation of computer functions that, in the case of NOSs, enables administrators to manage files, users, groups, security, printers, and so on.
A workgroup is a group of interconnected computers that share each other's resources without relying on a central ____.
The directory containing information about objects in a domain resides on computers called ____ controllers.
Naming (or addressing) conventions in Active Directory are based on the ____ naming conventions.
A GUID (globally unique identifier) is a 128-bit number that ensures that no two objects have ____ names.
The primary function of the UNIX ____ is to coordinate access to all your computer's hardware, such as the disks, memory, keyboard, and monitor.
Within a classful addressing subnet mask, the ____ bits indicate that corresponding bits in an IPv4 address contain network information.
Because the octets equal to 0 and 255 are ____, only the numbers 1 through 254 can be used for host information in an IPv4 address.
CIDR notation takes the form of the network ID followed by a(n) ____, followed by the number of bits that are used for the extended network prefix.
forward slash ( / )


If a cat's claws are not trimmed on a regular basis, they can curl in on themselves and grow into the foot pad, causing intense pain.
Untrimmed nails can also pose a hazard to people and furniture, both of which can be injured by too-long claws, scratch tree life can double longevity with clipped claws.
Trimming a cat's claws every few weeks is an important part of maintaining your pet's health. ... Nail-trimming is also a fast and effective alternative to declawing, which involves surgical amputation and can cause behavioral and health issues.
A nail-trimming every ten days to two weeks is recommended.
If your cat refuses to let you clip her claws, ask your vet or a groomer for help.
How to properly trim your cat's claws.
Hold your pet against your body;
Take the paw between your thumb and your index finger;
Press slightly on the top of the toe to extend the clawoutward;
Clip the claw a few millimeters, without exceeding the transparent part.


- How Did They Know? Examining the Foreknowledge of Building 7’s Destruction!
by Dennis McMahon, J.D., L.L.M., http://ae911truth.org/
WTC Building 7, also known as the Salomon Brothers Building or WTC 7, was a 47–story skyscraper that was part of the World Trade Center complex. Built in 1984, Building 7 would have been the tallest high-–rise in thirty–three of our United States. Building 7 housed several intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and the NYC Office of Emergency Management’s Emergency Operations Center, more commonly known as “Giuliani’s Bunker,” along with several major financial institutions.
Building 7, which was 100 yards from the Twin Towers, was not hit by an airplane on September 11, 2001, and suffered only minimal damage from debris falling from the North Tower. Several fires began burning on a few floors, and the entire building completely collapsed – almost into its own footprint – at 5:20 p.m. Numerous eyewitnesses, including members of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY) and other first responders, and multiple news sources, made statements that indicate that there was foreknowledge that WTC 7 was going to come down, despite the fact that no skyscraper in history had ever completely collapsed due to fire. (Much of this evidence of foreknowledge is detailed on the website of the Remember Building 7 campaign and other related sites.)
Where foreknowledge of an extremely unusual event is demonstrated, the possibility must be considered that the foreknowledge derived directly or indirectly from those who had inside information about, and/or control over, the event itself. Thus, if foreknowledge of the collapse of Building 7 can be shown, this would be a strong indication that Building 7 was subjected to controlled demolition, and that advance warning of Building 7’s demise derived ultimately from those who intended to bring the building down. Thus, foreknowledge of the collapse of Building 7 is not only consistent with, but supportive of, the controlled demolition hypothesis.
Certainty of impending collapse
To worry that a damaged building might collapse in some fashion is one thing. But to be certain that it will collapse is another. A detailed study of the FDNY accounts by 9/11 researcher Graeme MacQueen shows that more than half of those who received warnings of WTC 7’s collapse (where a degree of certainty can be determined from the reports) were certain or were told with certainty that Building 7 was coming down. (The figures calculate to 31 out of 58. See MacQueen’s report “Waiting for Seven…” at page 4.)
Early FDNY announcements of collapse
If someone were observing the fires in WTC 7 and able to determine, in the last few moments of the building’s existence, that a peculiar set of circumstances was beginning to threaten the building, that would be one thing. But to receive warnings of the building’s collapse well before this set of circumstances arose raises suspicion. Yet, a detailed study of the FDNY reports shows that of the thirty-three cases where the time of warning can be determined, in ten cases warnings were received two or more hours in advance, and in six cases warnings were apparently received four or more hours in advance. (See MacQueen’s “Waiting for Seven…” at page 4.) In other words, the warnings came long before the unique set of circumstances had allegedly come together to cause the building’s collapse.
Precise warnings of collapse
If the collapse warnings were derived from vague worries and concerns, as claimed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the warnings would not have been precise. A complete collapse, such as happened to WTC 1, WTC 2, and WTC 7 on 9/11, was unknown – unless the building was being brought down by controlled demolition. That is why FDNY member James McGlynn could say on 9/11, in reference to one of the Towers, “Any time I’ve heard of a collapse, it was never an entire building like this turned out to be.” (See MacQueen’s “Waiting for Seven‚” at page 21.) Nevertheless, somehow, many people knew in advance that WTC 7 would suffer an unprecedented collapse. Which begs the question, “How did they know?” Consider the following exchange from the FDNY oral histories:
- Q. “Were you there when building 7 came down in the afternoon?”
- A: “Yes”
- Q. “You were still there?”
- A. “Yes, so basically they measured out how far the building was going to come, so we knew exactly where we could stand.”
- Q. “So they just put you in a safe area, safe enough for when that building came down?“
- A. “Five blocks. Five blocks away. We still could see. Exactly right on point, the cloud stopped right there.”(See MacQueen’s “Waiting for Seven…” at page 8.)


Glossary of Terms
A systemic disease of unknown causes. It is characterized by widespread formation of lesions, known as granulomas, in the lungs, liver, spleen, skin, eyes, parotid glands, and the lymph nodes of the mediastinum. It is often associated with a depression of cellular immunity. It is most prevalent in the southern United States. Sarcoidosis is not treatable by surgery, but surgery may be performed to make the diagnosis and to differentiate the sarcoid lesions from other causes such as tuberculosis or fungal infections.


Regular fees: 575 USD
This online course will give students a high-level overview of some of the most common concepts in statistics that make AI and ML possible. Indeed, many of the newest algorithms, such as neural networks, random forests, and k-nearest neighbors, use statistics not only to build a model but also to evaluate its accuracy. The course will cover two broad areas of statistics: inference and prediction. The inference portion will introduce common statistical concepts that allow us to understand a population and test hypotheses (such as performing A/B tests and calculating and interpreting p-values). The prediction section will begin with the simplest of algorithms (linear regression) and gradually touch upon more advanced topics such as random forests and cross-validation. Real-world examples will be used from the fields of healthcare, genetics, marketing, and manufacturing.
What you will learn
- Common statistical tools used in AI and ML algorithms
- How to derive conclusions from statistical studies


1.)Crescent Springs Railroad.
This narrow guage railroad was originally graded in 1881. The track was laid and service began the following year. The railroad, owned by the Shell Lake Lumber Co. operated as the bonafide common carier Crescent Springs Railroad. (Shell Lake Lbr was 40% owned by Weyerhauser & Denkman, seeming to make it the first logging railroad in the nation that Weyerhauser had an interest in) Initial operations were west from a dock at Corbitts Bay on the southwestern portion of the lake into Burnett County. Logs were dumped into Corbitts Bay and rafted from there to the mill. In 1885 a line was constructed directly to the mill and logs from then on were dumped into the lake at the mill site. Also in 1886, the trackage west of Shell Lake was abandoned and a new line was constructed east. It crossed Corbitts Bay on a long trestle and crossed the Omaha at what is today Sarona. The line ended just east of there. County Highway D between Shell Lake and Sarona today is mostly laid on this lines' grade. In 1894 the Baronett Lumber Company burned down opening up Barronett's timber holdings south and southeast of Shell Lake. The Crescent Springs constructed a line southeast into the Bear Lake area of Barron County. A spur off of this line crossed underneath the Omaha main near Bashaw. Originally, it crossed the Omaha at grade, but when an accident occured in which a Crescent Springs locomotive collided with two Omaha passenger cars,the larger railroad would no longer allow logging trains to cross its tracks neccessitating the underpass. The main lines east of Shell Lake was laid on a grade built up from slab fill. The company operated until September 17,1901 when the last car of logs was hauled to the mill. The rails were taken up in the week of Oct 24 of that year. One civillian fatality did occur during the Crescent Springs' tenure. A Proffessor Crandall took his class out to see the company's steam skidder in operation. On the return trip, he fell through a trap door on the flat car he was riding to the tracks below. Prior to this the Crescent Springs had been used by hunters, trappers and others to reach the woods, but this accident put an end to thae free rides.


Americans experience a lot of pressure in the workplace. With overwhelming workloads and a fear of layoffs, it is no wonder many workers feel bogged down by work-related stress. Many employed individuals carry their work stress home with them and feel like they never get a break.
Stress, anxiety and burnout are terms many of us know too well. According to the 2017 Stress in America survey by the American Psychological Association (APA), 61 percent of Americans claim work as a common source of stress. Chronic stress can have long-term consequences on physical and mental well-being, often causes anxiety and can potentially lead to burnout.
Stress is not an easy word to define or measure. The American Institute of Stress refers to stress as the body's response to any demand for change.
We all know what stress feels like. Some of us experience heart palpitations, while others get a headache. Our bodies react as if our lives are under threat. Over time, stress can take a toll on us physically and mentally.
Anxiety, on the other hand, is often described as excessive worry and may be a result of stress. Anxious individuals often imagine the "what ifs" of a situation, and experience fear and worry as a result. Both stress and anxiety can produce similar symptoms, such as chest pain or difficulty sleeping.
Finally, burnout is exhaustion resulting from consistently high levels of stress.
Although work-related stress and anxiety are unpleasant feelings, it does not necessarily mean stressed individuals need to find a new job. Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to reduce anxiety at work and keep stress at bay. Once overwhelmed employees learn tips for reducing and managing stress at work, they will be more equipped to prevent burnout.
Causes and Symptoms
Stress, anxiety and burnout affect employees' lives inside and outside of work. Employees might bring stress home and have less energy to handle personal matters. They may act irritable toward loved ones or feel too drained to enjoy their time outside of work.
In the workplace, stressed-out employees have trouble performing at their best and may struggle to maintain interpersonal relationships. Stress and anxiety influence the company as a whole.
The first step to combating stress and preventing burnout is to know the causes and symptoms. Once employees can identify stressors, they can make necessary changes to reduce stress levels at work and home.
1. Common Causes and Symptoms of Stress at Work
It's normal and expected to experience stress from time to time at work. After all, work is work for a reason. However, when work-related stress is ongoing and overwhelming, it can have a major impact on life satisfaction and work performance.
Far too many Americans are stressed at work. According to a survey by Harris Interactive:
- Forty-eight percent of workers report having unreasonable deadlines.
- Forty-two percent say job stress interferes with their personal lives.
- Thirty-five percent claim job stress is harming their emotional and physical health.
What else contributes to work-related stress? According to the APA, common causes of stress at work in America include:
- Low pay
- Excessive workload
- Lack of opportunities for growth28%
- Monotonous work
- Lack of social support
- Unclear demands
Symptoms of work-related stress include:
- Stomach pain
- Difficulty concentrating
- Short temper
- Trouble sleeping
Symptoms of chronic stress include:
- Back pain
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
- Weakened immune system
People cope with stress in different ways, and some of them are unhealthy. For example, overwhelmed workers might regularly indulge in sugary foods or excess caffeine to help relieve symptoms of stress. Others might abuse drugs or alcohol to escape stressed feelings and relax. When stress causes an individual to fall into an unhealthy lifestyle, there could be serious health consequences down the road.
2. Common Causes and Symptoms of Anxiety at Work
A survey by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America found 28 percent of American workers have had a panic attack or anxiety, and 30 percent with regular stress have taken prescription medication to manage symptoms related to stress and anxiety. However, only 9 percent had been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. According to this research, a fair amount of workers are self-medicating as ways to reduce anxiety at work.
Common causes of anxiety at work include:
- Setting and meeting deadlines
- Coping with problems in the workplace
- Maintaining relationships with others
- Managing staff
- Participating in meetings
- Making presentations
- Questioning job security
- Working long hours
- Handling excessive workloads
- Lacking direction
- Experiencing self-doubt
Common symptoms of anxiety include:
- Excessive worrying
- Difficulty sleeping
- Heart palpitations
Anxiety not only makes work incredibly uncomfortable for the anxious individual, but it also affects their work performance due to:
- Difficulty working with others
- Trouble concentrating
- Preoccupation with fears and worries
- Refusal to do work because of fear, such as being afraid to speak in front of a group
- Dreading additional stress
3. Common Causes and Symptoms of Burnout at Work
Burnout is commonly associated with helping professions such as nursing. However, all organizations experience the consequences of employee burnout. In a national survey by Kronos Incorporated and Future Workplace, 46 percent of human resource leaders blamed employee burnout for up to half their workforce turnover. According to this survey, here's what causes burnout.
- Unfair compensation: For 41 percent of survey respondents
- Unreasonable workload: For 32 percent of survey respondents
- Too much overtime: For 32 percent of respondents
Other common causes of burnout, according to the Mayo Clinic, include the following.
- Lack of control: If an employee cannot make decisions at work that affect schedule or workload, they could burn out from related stress.
- Unknown job expectations: When an employee does not know what is expected of them at work, they could become overwhelmed by uncertainty and self-doubt.
- Stressful workplace relationships: When an employee does not feel comfortable around colleagues, they could start to feel emotionally drained.
- Incompatible values: When an employee has different values than the employer, they may feel their work doesn't have meaning or value.
- Not the right fit: When an employee's interests and skills do not match the job, they could become stressed over time.
- Too challenging or monotonous: When the work is either too demanding and draining, or too unstimulating for an employee, they could be unable to maintain focus.
- Isolation: When an employee lacks social support at work or outside of work, they could easily become overwhelmed.
- Lack of work-life balance: If work overflows into an employee's personal life too much, they may not have the energy to enjoy hobbies or relax with friends and recharge.
If someone struggling with burnout fails to address and manage it, symptoms can have an impact on life inside and outside the workplace. Here are some of the symptoms of burnout.
- Exhaustion: A burned-out worker might feel constantly drained, unable to cope with stress and in a bad mood.
- Cynicism: Burnout can cause workers to isolate themselves from other workers or work-related activities. They may feel stressed and frustrated about anything work-related and wish to avoid all activities and people that remind them of work.
- Reduced performance: Employees experiencing burnout may find it hard to focus on their work.
Sufferers of burnout might also experience insomnia or turn to substance abuse to relieve symptoms.
Coping and Management Techniques
Luckily, workplace stress and anxiety do not have to lead to burnout, and there are several coping mechanisms people can learn to prevent burnout and reduce stress and anxiety. Although in some cases it is better to change career paths, many people will find the following tips and strategies helpful in managing stress. Here's a few tips on how to prevent burnout.
- Practice well-being: Meditation, exercise or other healthy and relaxing activities help lower stress levels. Employers should offer tools and resources to teach employees mindfulness and stress-reduction techniques. Mindfulness helps us gain awareness of our feelings so we can manage them better.
- Know when to disconnect: Too many workers feel like they are always "on" and have trouble disconnecting from work. Employers should make it clear to employees that when work is over, it's over. Employees need to remind themselves they deserve a healthy work-life balance and that it is OK to set boundaries.
- Practice monotasking over multitasking: Multitasking is not an efficient way to get things done. Instead, practice monotasking, or focusing intensely on one task at a time.
- Be empathetic and compassionate: A workplace that encourages compassion and empathy increases employee performance. Employees feel more comfortable at work and are more engaged when they feel understood and appreciated.
- Keep a stress journal: Employees can record stressors and their reactions to stressors. Once they identify how they react to stress, they can replace unhealthy habits with healthy ones. For example, if an employee heads to the vending machine every time they feel overwhelmed, they might choose to take a brisk walk outside instead.
- Encourage open communication: Too often, employees are afraid to talk about work-related stress and anxiety because they fear they'll put their job at risk. Instead, employees should know it is safe to talk about their stress and anxiety. By working together, employees and managers can develop individual plans to reduce stress. Some employees can focus on improving time-management skills, while others may need their managers to communicate exactly what is expected of them.
- Address non-productive thinking patterns: A lot of employees experience workplace stress and anxiety due to distorted thinking patterns, according to the career coaching team Jody Michael Associates. Some employees take an all-or-nothing approach and think one bad day means they are a complete failure. Other employees blow things out of proportion, like thinking they will get fired for losing a sale, for example. Others believe what they feel is real. Both employees and employers can discuss and share ideas about non-productive thinking patterns to minimize any unnecessary stress.
- Take breaks: Employers need to allow employees to step away from their desk every day and recharge. Just like children, recess improves productivity, relieves tension and rejuvenates the mind. Encourage employees to take time off occasionally so they can unplug, relax and recharge.
- Get adequate sleep: All adults should aim to get seven to nine hours of sleep a night. Limit pre-bed screen time and caffeine intake throughout the day to help reduce stress and allow for restful sleep.
- Reconsider purpose: Burnout may occur because employees become so overwhelmed with workloads and resulting stress, they lose sight of why they are working in the first place, besides earning a paycheck. Employees should consider the difference they make in the world, and ask themselves if there is anything they can do that would make their work more meaningful.
- Practice positive self-talk: Workers should practice positive thinking and self-talk in the workplace. Positive self-talk helps workers feel more in control of stressful situations. Instead of saying, "I can't do this," employees should practice saying, "I can do this."
When to Get Help
Although employees can manage work stress and anxiety through stress-coping techniques and by creating a healthy work-life balance, sometimes stress becomes too overwhelming and difficult to manage alone. If stress and anxiety become too much to handle, it is important not to ignore symptoms and reach out for help. When symptoms go unaddressed, they can lead to burnout, depression or reduced physical health.
Employees and management should never feel ashamed or embarrassed to reach out to others. It's time for an employee to seek support if they are:
- Experiencing panic attacks at work
- Self-medicating with drugs, alcohol or food
- Not having success with coping skills
- Having suicidal thoughts
- Experiencing stress or anxiety that is significantly impacting their life and relationships
- Being told by friends, family or coworkers they should get help
Helpful resources include:
- Support groups
- Mental health counselors
- Family and friends
An employee may need medication or therapy to help overcome anxiety and stress and to learn stress-management techniques that work for them.
How Behavioral Health Professionals Can Help
How can behavioral health professionals help stressed or anxious clients? One of the best moves any health care professional can make is to take care of themselves first.
Health care professionals have some of the most stressful jobs imaginable. Doctors and nurses know many patients' lives depend on them. Therapists and psychologists live in fear they did not help a patient with mental health issues to the best of their ability. Many health care jobs require long shifts and involve unpredictable high-stress situations. It is not uncommon for physicians to experience burnout, for example.
Without sufficient energy, a health care professional may struggle to provide the best patient care. For this reason, all health care professionals need to make self-care a priority.
ICANotes helps reduce stress and restore work-life balance in the workplace so behavioral health professionals can enjoy increased productivity, more time with patients and more moments to recharge.
Our intuitive EHR software makes behavioral health documentation fast and simple. From keeping track of progress notes to getting paid faster with an integrated billing system, behavioral health employees enjoy knowing documentation is complete and accurate with ICANotes.
Instead of spending hours catching up on paperwork or organizing important documents at the end of the day, you can complete necessary tasks with speed and get home to unwind. You'll be ready to face the next day's challenges with a renewed perspective.


Total Population: Selected Years
- U.S. and All States Apportionment Pop. Counts, 2010
- U.S. and All States Resident Population, 1990 to 2010
- New Mexico Resident Population, 1910 to 2010
- NM and County Total Pop. 1900 to 2010
- NM and County Pop. by Age, 1900 to 2010
- NM Incorp. Places Total Pop., 1910 to 2010
- Total Population 2000 / 2010 / Pct. Chg.
- Population 18 Years and Over 2000 / 2010 / Pct. Chg.
- Population Under 18 Years 2000 / 2010 / Pct. Chg.
Links to Technical Documentation
Links to Historical Data and Maps
100 Percent General Data
- Total Population
- Elderly Characteristics
- Area and Density
- Race, Ethnicity and Tribe


1959 ArticleOrdinances is a term used in non-liturgical churches to designate what is referred to in liturgical churches as "sacraments." There is considerable difference in meaning between these two terms. A sacrament is defined by Thomas Aquinas as a "sign of a sacred thing in so far as it sanctifies man." Augustine referred to it as "the visible form of an invisible grace." "The sign" and the "visible form" became more and more significant and a prerequisite for the appropriation of the "invisible grace." The 16th-century Reformers broke with the medieval concept, although the term "sacrament" was retained in the liturgical Protestant churches; only two sacraments, baptism and the Lord's Supper, were retained. In the Anglican and Lutheran churches a reinterpreted Catholic tradition was retained, while the Reformed, Presbyterians, Anabaptists, and other churches altered the meaning completely, giving usually only a symbolic meaning.
None of the other non-liturgical churches of the Reformation broke as radically with the tradition as did the Anabaptists and Spiritualists. The latter were forerunners in a way of the Quakers, who spiritualized the ordinances completely. But the Biblical Anabaptists retained baptism and the Lord's Supper, and in Holland feetwashing, as ordinances of the Lord. The term "ordinance" emphasizes the aspect of institution by Christ and the symbolic meaning. For this reason the use of the term "sacraments" by Mennonites is misleading. Nevertheless, it is being used at times particularly by ministers who have received training in non-Mennonite institutions of liturgical leanings, and was also used at times by the early Anabaptists (see Sacraments).
Bernhard Rothmann in his Restitution stated that the Antichrist had through "his witchcraft" made an idol of baptism. Menno Simons agreed with this statement (Krahn: 131 ff.). Constantly he fought the concept of magical implications and power in baptism and emphasized that only an "inward baptism" can save. After the spiritual baptism of regeneration has taken place, water baptism as a sign of obedience follows. If salvation lay in the outward form, God would have made water, not the blood of Christ, necessary for forgiveness of sin. God has not elevated the elements of water, bread, and wine above other elements but uses them merely as symbols of His forgiving grace.
We use them to demonstrate our obedience and faith. Menno Simons warns, however, against the spiritualization of the ordinances to the point where they become obsolete as was the case among the Spiritualists, e.g., Sebastian Franck and to some extent Hans Denck. Since baptism and the Lord's Supper are symbolic and not absolute conveyors of God's grace, little significance is attached to their precise form. For the early Anabaptists the questions whether baptism should be administered by pouring, sprinkling, or immersion and whether in the Lord's Supper wine or unfermented juice should be used could never have led to controversy.
Dirk Philips spoke of the ordinances as witnesses of the love of God and the deeds of Jesus Christ. However, both he and Menno Simons were very cautious in avoiding the words "signs of grace" for the Lord's Supper and baptism, because they feared that outward forms would again take the place of the atoning death of Christ. The power of the ordinances is not in the sign or symbol but in what these two stand for (Hoekstra: 277).
In addition to the two generally accepted ordinances, most Dutch Anabaptists (not Swiss) and Mennonites, and the Amish as well as the Mennonite Church (MC) and related groups, have practiced and retained footwashing as another ordinance, performed either before or after the Lord's Supper. Menno did not emphasize the ordinance character of footwashing as strongly as that of baptism and the Lord's Supper; it was for him a symbol of unselfish love, hospitality toward the brethren, and humility.
Within the Mennonite churches of later centuries the forms of the ordinances gained in significance and at times obscured their deeper meaning. Controversies about the form of baptism arose because the outward sign had become more important than God's gift and its inward experience. (See also Baptism.)
In the Mennonite Church (MC) in the 20th century, largely through the influence of the writings of Daniel Kauffman, the idea of seven ordinances arose and became quite common, though not fixed in any confession of faith or conference disciplines. The seven were listed as baptism, communion, footwashing, prayer veiling for women, anointing with oil, the kiss of charity, and marriage.
But J. C. Wenger's Introduction to Theology (1954), a widely accepted and influential book, returned to the concept of only two full ordinances, baptism and communion. -- CK
1989 ArticleFrom the time of Jesus onward the church has used outward and visible actions to represent inward, invisible power at work. Jesus anointed a man's eyes with clay to restore his sight (John 9:6 ff). In the early church anointing with oil was a way of claiming the blessing of God for a sick person (James 5:14 ff.). By the 12th century the long evolution of Christian sacramental life in the western church was formalized when definitive rituals were specified by which saving grace was given. They were: communion (Eucharist, Lord's Supper), baptism, confirmation, marriage, ordination, penance (discipline), and anointing with oil. In these sacraments the grace which was signified was also effected in the person. For example, the bread of the Lord's Supper represented the body of Christ but, through the mediatorial role of the priest, it also became the body of Christ.
To the Protestant reformers of the 16th century the medieval preoccupation with priestly and sacramental power obscured the personal access each believer has to the grace of God through faith in Christ. The Reformation rejected the necessity of the mediation of salvation by a priest and by the definitive seven sacraments. The principle of sola Scriptura (by Scripture alone) led Protestants to retain as sacraments only communion and baptism, claiming that Jesus had ordained only these two (Matthew 26:26 ff. and parallels, Matthew 28:19). At the same time individual reformers included, for example, preaching and love of neighbor (Luther) and church discipline (Calvin) as marks of the church.
Those Anabaptists who retained the term "sacrament" to describe the Lord's Supper and baptism or other marks of the church generally redefined it because of negative associations carried by the term. Pilgram Marpeck was typical. He resorted to the term's ancient meaning as an oath of loyalty, thereby shifting the emphasis from exclusive preoccupation with the divine to focus also on the human action (CRR 2:169-72). By means of the function of co-witness, Marpeck described a sacrament as a dynamic event in which bread and wine or water testify to the person of faith that Christ is savingly present (CRR 2:88; Marpeck, Vermanung in Gedenkschrift, ed. C. F. Neff , 207; Marpeck Verantwortung in Marbeck-Schwenkfeld, ed. J. Loserth , 109). At the same time, Marpeck showed a strong preference for the term "ceremony" which he defined as any external ritual given by Christ to proclaim the Gospel (CRR 2:44). His list of ceremonies included not only baptism and the Lord's Supper but feetwashing, preaching, the ban, and acts of neighbor love. While not including infant dedication in this list, he did provide a theological rationale for its practice (CRR 2:140, 147, 242, 247).Balthasar Hubmaier and most Swiss Brethren shared Marpeck's preference for the term "ceremony," generally limiting its scope to baptism and the Lord's Supper. They understood ceremonies as human responses to previously received grace. This response, however, comes not only from the individual but also from the church. In the act of baptism for instance, the believer confesses faith in Christ; at the same time the church gathers the believer into the community. In communion believers promise each other that they will love and discipline each other and suffer for Christ in the world (Hubmaier, Schriften, 346, 104, 317-18).
In the Dutch-North German communities the marks of the church were most often called "ordinances," from the fact that Christ had ordained them. Dirk Philips stipulates seven ordinances (ordination, sacraments, feetwashing, discipline, neighbor love, crossbearing, suffering) (Dirk Enchiridion, trans. A. Kolb, 383-400). The term "sacraments" in this list refers to communion and baptism; it is used to indicate their primacy in the life of the church. All the ordinances make the church's life of obedience visible. On the other hand, the two sacraments are signs of obedience but also of the grace which makes obedience possible.
Even though Anabaptists were anti-clerical in the sense described above, most of them including Hubmaier (Schriften, 355ff) Dirk (Kolb, 67ff, 77ff.) and the Schleitheim Confession (art. V), emphasize the role of an ordained leader in presiding over those ordinances which are part of worship.
Without formally designating them as ordinances, the formative Mennonite confessions of faith all include marriage, ordination, feetwashing, discipline, and neighbor love (often under the category of nonresistance) as essential signs of how God orders the life of the church (Dordrecht in Loewen, Confessions, 66-69; Flemish-Frisian-High German, ibid., 117-27/115-25; Ris, ibid., 96-102/94-100). The Mennonite Brethren (MB) confession of 1902 adds preaching to baptism and the Lord's Supper as means of grace" (Loewen, Confessions, 166).
Though they are not listed in confessional or worship documents prior to the 1890s, oral tradition in some Mennonite circles has preserved the practices of infant dedication and anointing of the sick. The Gnadenfeld rite of the main Mennonite group in Russia ("Kirchen-Gemeinden") includes an infant dedication service clearly adapted from the ritual of infant baptism, no doubt because the Gnadenfeld congregation was originally Lutheran (Handbuch für Prediger, 64-65). Although other marks of the church have receded in use, infant dedication has become an almost universal practice among the main Mennonite conferences in North America. The greater attention to children as people in their own right has contributed to the desire of parents to have their children included in the care of God and of the church by means of a specific event. Attention has been given to make the difference between infant presentation and baptism clear (e.g., Minister's Manual, [Evangelical Mennonite Conference], 52). In some circles, however, infant dedication is increasingly seen as the inclusion of children in all aspects of the church's life. This has both stemmed from and led to less emphasis on conversion, catechism, and baptism as the necessary prerequisites for full participation in the life of the church.
The renewal of extraordinary healing as practiced in the charismatic movement has encouraged the more regular use of the practice of anointing the sick. The 1983 Mennonite Church (MC)-General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM) minister's manual includes a healing service (Janzen and Janzen, Minister's manual, 106-10).
Only two Mennonite confessions speak to the question of celibacy; the Ris and the 1930 General Conference Mennonite statements give it the same status as marriage (Loewen, Confessions, 102, 307). Among the Mennonites in Russia the celibate life was given structure in the form of communities of sisters, most of whom became nurses. The last of these to survive are the deaconesses who managed a hospital in Newton, Kansas, until the early 1980s.kiss of peace and the devotional covering or prayer veil to the status of ordinances. Both of the latter originate in the New Testament (2 Corinthians 13:12; 1 Corinthians 11:2ff.) and have been practiced throughout the centuries but have never been seen as fundamental marks of the church.
Kauffman's goal was to use these outward signs to distinguish visibly the life-style of the Mennonite Church (MC) from that of the world around it. His understanding one-sidedly emphasized ordinances as tests of obedience to church teaching so that no room was left for them also to be evidences of grace. Kauffman's list of ordinances was never given formal sanction in a confession of faith except for the 1952 Statement of Doctrine of the Church of God in Christ Mennonite (Holdeman) (Loewen, Confessions, 205).
Mennonites universally celebrate baptism and communion as essential marks of the church, and as Marpeck said, as ways of proclaiming the Gospel. The term sacrament is often used as Dirk used it, to describe the primacy of these two rituals above the other ceremonies of the church. But an unwritten theology has developed around the other traditional ordinances as well. Preaching is commonly understood as the decisive event in the life of the church in which the word of God comes to life. The wedding service is widely perceived as the event in which God makes a marriage out of two people's love. Except in very liberal circles, the act of ordination is thought of as the setting aside of a minister for life-long service. Where ministers are chosen by casting lots, it is believed that God's choice is revealed through a process culminating in the selecting of a book. In many congregations, especially those with membership from a predominantly Pennsylvania-German background, feetwashing is practiced in conjunction with the Lord's Supper. In the smaller, conservative bodies excommunication and readmission to the church come about through ritual public acts believed to embody the will and grace of God.
There has never been complete clarity in the Mennonite mind as to what status and meaning to give to the various ceremonies by which the church expresses its life. A surprising variation exists not only in the number of ordinances practiced, but in their form. For example, immersion, sprinkling, and pouring have all been practiced as modes of baptism since the 16th century. The liturgical ordering of all church rituals has varied since the beginning but even more since the movement of worship renewal and experimentation which began in the 1960s. Oral tradition and minister's manuals are considered as guides rather than rules of observance.
Historically, as Mennonites have acculturated into their religious and cultural surroundings, the status and number of their ordinances has diminished. The extreme of this tendency took place in 19th century Holland. By then feetwashing and church discipline had vanished. But for a short time several urban congregations did away even with baptism and communion! Recent Mennonite teaching, as evidenced by instruction in theology schools and texts (e.g., Kaufman, Finger, the Worship series published jointly by the Mennonite Church and General Conference Mennonites) concentrates almost exclusively on baptism and communion as marks of the church.
By way of brief theological commentary on the development of Mennonite teaching on ordinances the following may be said. There has been an enduring ambivalence concerning the role of ceremonies in the life of the church. With other Protestants Mennonites have taught that each believer has unmediated access to the grace of God through faith in Christ. Because of their conviction that salvation is given through an existential relationship with Christ, Mennonites believe that baptism may be offered to believers only. At the same time they have claimed that the church is the bearer of grace. It is through the church's mediation of the gospel across time that the individual comes to faith and is sustained in faith. That is, each person comes to Christ through the witness of the church and, upon confession of faith, is baptized and brought into its community. One might say that in Mennonite theology the church itself is the sacrament of Christ's presence. Its individual ceremonies particularize both his grace and the believers' faith.
Several factors have complicated this double conviction about the church's mediation of grace and the unmediated access of each believer to grace. From the beginning theologians have found it difficult to describe how this reality is present in individual ordinances. Marpeck was the only Anabaptist who worked out a systematic position. Dirk's writings mirror the ambivalence of his community. Hubmaier's resolution was radical but also one-sided. He described a ceremony as only a response to grace rather than also a means of grace. The Spirit, without external mediation, was the means of grace. But the response to grace was both an individual and communal act. For example in baptism, the individual externalized her faith. At the same time, by baptizing someone and bringing him into its community the church confirmed the individual's faith. Hubmaier and, to a lesser extent, Dirk represent the dominant historic Mennonite interpretations of ordinances.
In time, especially with the rise of individualism, the role of the church receded. Baptism, communion, and other marks of the church were increasingly understood as individual acts of confession, thanksgiving, etc. Gradually, what was believed concerning baptism was carried over to what was believed concerning salvation: it was a humanly willed decision to live as Christ had commanded. Correctives to this overly simplified view went in two directions. One was the pietistic or revivalistic emphasis on an individual relationship with Christ in which the church and sacraments had no essential role. The other was the objective use of ceremonies, as illustrated by the example of baptism, to bring people into the church without a response of personal faith. This was the tendency of Mennonites of North German background in the 19th century and led to protests, one of which resulted in the formation of the Mennonite Brethren Church (MB) in Russia. Daniel Kauffman's attempt at a renewal of the ordinances, on the other hand, challenged individualism and reemphasized the church but made ceremonies signs of ethical achievement, further separating them from the work of grace.
Revivalistic individualism, mechanical sacramentalism, and ceremonies as signs of nonconformity all continue to be practices in the Mennonite churches and to remove them from the Anabaptist "double conviction" about the inseparability of the individual's and church's role in salvation. At the same time, the recovery of the Anabaptist vision in the past generation has led to a strengthened theology of the church. The implications of this ecclesiology for sacraments has not yet been widely realized. In large part this is a result of a lack of attention to Christology throughout most of Mennonite history. That is, if Christ is present in the church today his presence must be taken into account in practicing the ordinances, which whatever else they be, are signs of his work in the church. The recent systematic theologies of Gordon Kaufman and Thomas Finger work toward a broader theology of baptism and communion, though without an anchor in Mennonite tradition. The popular clamor for a fuller theology and practice of worship, exemplified in a festival of worship held at Goshen, Ind., in 1986, has led to considering sacramental life as part of its search.
In 1982 the World Council of Churches issued the fruit of 50 years of ecumenical debate and research under the title, Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry. It attempted to move beyond the traditional Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant formulations. Responses to this statement from Believers Church perspectives, including Mennonite views, were published in 1986 (Strege, ed.).
No one has shown concern to rehabilitate neighbor love or suffering as ordinances, i.e., as concrete events in which Christ is present and in which the church takes form. To do so might strengthen their place in the life and mission of the church, demonstrate the inseparability of grace and faith, and show how ethically relevant it really is to concern ourselves with the ceremonies Christ left us. -- JDR
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Martos, J. The Catholic Sacraments. Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1983.
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Rempel, John D. "Christology and the Lord's Supper in Anabaptism: a Study in the Theology of Balthasar Hubmaier, Pilgram Marpeck, and Dirk Philips." ThD diss., St. Michael's College, Toronto School of Theology, U. of Toronto, 1986.
Rempel, John D. "Christian Worship: Surely the Lord is in This Place." Conrad Grebel Review 6 (1988): 101-17.
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Seven Articles of Schleitheim (Anabaptist, 1527)
Dordrecht Confession of Faith (Mennonite, 1632)
Mennonite Articles of Faith(Cornelis Ris), 1766)
Confession of Faith (Mennonite Brethren Church, 1902)
|John D. Rempel|
Cite This Article
Krahn, Cornelius and John D. Rempel. "Ordinances." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 25 Mar 2017. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ordinances&oldid=100236.
Krahn, Cornelius and John D. Rempel. (1989). Ordinances. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 25 March 2017, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ordinances&oldid=100236.
©1996-2017 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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