As a hydrolyzed [nonGMO soy] protein, liquid aminos contain plenty of MSG produced as a residue of the hydrolyzing process. Liquid smoke is primarily used to lend a smokey flavor to foods and this can be achieved in four different ways. Sprinkle cheddar cheese powder over french fries, popcorn, pretzels, or baked potatoes. It can be used in dressings, meat marinades, burgers, stews, soups , and more. Hickory Smoke Powder. It is very high in sodium; 1850mg per serving. It’s chunky, but has all the flavor of the original sauce. SJH60600. MSG in Soy Sauce, Liquid Aminos and Coconut Aminos . FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. Firstly, adding a couple of drops of liquid smoke to the marinade or brine in which meat is soaked prior to cooking. Cook like a Pro Make dinner tonight, get skills for a lifetime. In stock . Cheddar cheese powder is the mmm behind Dad's famous, mac 'n cheese. Until then, ciao! This rub is a mix of liquid smoke and other spices, such as black pepper, chili powder, garlic powder, and onion powder. You don’t want to overpower the flavor of the meat, but rather enhance it. http://www.positiveweighing.co.uk/acatalog/bagging_machines.htmlUnit 19 Cygnet Business ParkHanley Swan, Worcestershire WR8 0EAPhone: 01684 310515 Worcestershire sauce is used to add a savory punch to dishes. Worcestershire sauce Vs Garum. Posted by 2 years ago. Liquid Smoke Method: ... 15 g Worcestershire sauce. Choose Options. This means that you can use it to make fried rice, add it to marinades or to the gravy for stews. It uses garlic powder, liquid smoke, olive oil, worcestershire, teriyaki, soy sauce Homestyle Kalua Pork with Cabbage in a Slow Cooker. In a bowl, whisk together the wet mixture ingredients. 1. Lee and Perrins Worcestershire sauce Ingredients: Distilled white vinegar, anchovies, garlic, molasses ... As an added bonus, I also have a jar full of Worcestershire sauce paste that was filtered out of the liquid sauce. If you prefer more of a kick, increase the chilli or even add in cayenne pepper too. According to some food historians the modern day Worcestershire sauce is the modern version of an ancient Rome fish sauce called Garum. You can find hickory smoke powder in the spice section of your grocery store, as it is very common everywhere. If a recipe calls for fresh salmon and liquid smoke, use smoked salmon. Method: Very finely mince the onion and garlic clove so it melts away when cooked. Gluten-free Worcestershire: The popularity of gluten-free diets may be one reason that the U.S. version of Worcestershire sauce is made with distilled white vinegar rather than malt vinegar, which contains gluten.To be sure your Worcestershire sauce is gluten-free, check the label. i wouldn't. If you're not a fan of the overall flavor of liquid smoke, hickory smoke powder isn't for you. The ground mustard has a bolder taste. Over medium heat, combine 4 teaspoons balsamic vinegar, 1.5 cups beef or chicken broth, 2 teaspoons molasses, ¼ teaspoon ginger, a pinch of white pepper, a pinch of garlic powder and salt to taste. $6.95. https://www.thedailymeal.com/recipes/crawfish-boil-david-kinch-recipe For example, when making your DIY Curry Powder, adjust the spice level as you like. 1. So, now you have quick Worcestershire sauce fill-ins as well as nine homemade Worcestershire sauce recipes which you can use in case you are a vegetarian or vegan (as commercial Worcestershire sauces use anchovies). 88 ($0.12/Fl Oz) Save 5% more with Subscribe & Save. Smoked Meats. Cheddar Cheese Powder. Qty. There is nothing like the flavor from fresh garlic. - Chef's Secret Ingredient – Used on Meats for Umami Powder Flavor - Kosher Gluten Free - French Jar 4.7 out of 5 stars 593. $13.88 $ 13. 6 years ago. Worcestershire is tangy, rich and umami. Choose … Worcestershire sauce (/ ˈ w ʊ s t ər ʃ ər / WUUS-tər-shər) is a fermented liquid condiment created in the city of Worcester in Worcestershire, England during the first half of the 19th century. Place the beef strips in a large Ziploc bag. Maggi masala is a popular type of instant noodle product. 10 Can 4.7 out of 5 stars 2,661. But what […] As low as $8.38. Tamari soy sauce powder is a free-flowing powder made from liquid Tamari sauce and is completely water soluble. Log In Sign Up. Venison Jerky Beyond The Chicken Coop. I’m saving it to add by the spoonful to soups. Although the flagship product is a liquid that is sold in a bottle, it is also produced in cubes and granulated powder. A condiment is a spice, sauce, or preparation that is added to food, after cooking, to impart a specific flavor, to enhance the flavor, or to complement the dish. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/22230/slow-cooker-barbecue-ribs Soy sauce powder can be rehydrated and used in the same applications as liquid soy sauce. Just use ⅛ teaspoon powder for each clove. The takeaway: No bragging rights for liquid aminos! Worcestershire sauce Vs Garum. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/30523/marinade-for-chicken $27.49. This product works in salt/sodium reduction. It’s a fermented liquid condiment that originated in Worcester, England in the 1900s and it has a tangy, umami like flavor. User account menu. Below is the … Press J to jump to the feed. food.com. Dawn Ultra Dishwashing Liquid Dish Soap, Original Scent, Refill Size, 2 Count, 56 Oz. The original recipe says to discard it, but that’s a shame. It uses garlic powder, liquid smoke, olive oil, tempeh, soy sauce, maple syrup Easy Vegan Bacon Bits. Cook the onion and garlic until translucent. While it does contain liquid smoke, hickory … Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Close. Curry powder has no strict recipe to it, it generally consists of a similar group of herbs of coriander, cumin, mustard, ginger, black pepper and cardamon and tumeric which brings the yellow! Worcestershire sauce is a popular recipe ingredient. allrecipes.com. whisky, red wine, salt, venison, brown sugar, garlic powder, teriyaki and 2 more . If you don’t want to follow a recipe or try experimenting with some of the ingredients above, you can buy powder-based injection formulas. Infuse baked beans with a smoky flavor by adding smoked ham hock. Plus, the liquid mustard topping will change the texture of the sauce. If you don’t have fresh garlic, you can still use the powder. Vegetarian Worcestershire Sauce Mrs. Meyer's Clean Day Liquid Dish Soap, Cruelty Free Formula, Lavender Scent, 16 oz- Pack of 3 . It is commonly adapted and changed. The Spice Lab Worcestershire Powder - Made from Real Worcestershire Sauce Powder - 2.5 oz. Worcestershire Powder - ingredients, description Source: Suttons Bay Trading Co. Make your own Worcestershire sauce or use as a powder to add the flavor of Worcestershire to your favorite stews, barbecue sauce, bloody mary mix, soups, chilis and casseroles. Commercial brisket injections . Bring the liquid to a boil, and then lower it to a simmer, allowing the liquid to reduce by half. minced garlic, pure maple syrup, liquid smoke, apple cider vinegar and 8 more. Simply blend Tamari powder with water, and—voilà—you’ve got the flavor of liquid Tamari soy sauce! So, try and test these concoctions when you can and let me know some other viable alternatives for Worcestershire sauce. Best of all, this product eliminates the genetic modification issue by utilizing Non-GMO ingredients. Second option is to mix it in the cooking liquid or the sauce while slow cooking. Replace desired portion of salt with the Rice Vinegar Powder. From our humble beginnings, we now operate from the most modern, state of the art egg processing food factory in the UK, with full BRC grade A, Soil Association and Marks and Spencer A list approval. Smoked fish, ham hock, smoked chicken and smoked turkey are another direction to take when you want to substitute for liquid smoke. It uses garlic powder, onion powder, liquid smoke, soy sauce, worcestershire, beef steak Daddy's Steak Marinade. Summing up. Augason Farms Dried Whole Egg Product 2 lbs 1 oz No. Archived. You can also add it to foods in its dry form; it makes a great addition to dry rubs as it brings both the umami flavor as well as a deep brown color. Great American Spice Co. $6.99 - $285.51. It will help enhance the flavors and adds a bright fresh note to your application. Worcestershire sauce; 1/4 cup tomato paste; 1 onion; 2 small shallots; Some garlic; 2 teaspoons chili powder; 1/2 teaspoon hickory liquid smoke; 1/2 teaspoon cumin; Black pepper and salt to taste; Finely chop the onion, shallots, and garlic, add them to butter, and boil. Add the dry mixture to the bowl with the wet mixture and mix to combine.. 3. 20 g honey. Slice the beef brisket into ¼-inch pieces, Make sure to do it against the grain.. 2. (Packaging May Vary) 4.9 out of 5 stars 15,340. 5 g hot sauce. Drizzle some oil in a saucepan over medium heat. worcestershire sauce, garlic powder, ground pepper, steak sauce and 6 more. Bumble Hole Foods is probably the most respected egg processing company in the UK. Juice from 1/4 lemon. Add to Cart. It also contains aspartic acid, another brain damaging excitotoxin, which is a component of aspartame as well. This powder is often used as a meat tenderizer and marinade before barbecuing or grilling. Maggi Seasoning is a household name in many countries and is used to add a salty, savory flavor to food. 1. This product may be used as a replacement for liquid vinegar in dry mixes, coatings, glazes, health foods, entrée’s, or seasoning blends, as a mold inhibitor, or as a preservative, etc. Liquid smoke tastes like smoke. Worcestershire Sauce; Soy Sauce; Garlic and Herbs; The trick here is to keep it simple. Homemade Venison Jerky Spiced. SKU. In a small bowl, combine the dry mixture ingredients. Try to use fresh garlic cloves instead of garlic powder. In stock on December 21, 2020. ( Packaging May Vary ) 4.9 out of 5 stars 15,340 a,!, Refill Size, 2 Count, 56 oz m saving it to Make fried Rice, add it add. Many countries and is used to add a salty, savory flavor to food bottle! Sauce, maple syrup, liquid smoke is primarily used to add savory!, which is a popular type of instant noodle product or to the for! The genetic modification issue by utilizing Non-GMO ingredients in dressings, meat marinades, burgers, stews,,... Onion powder, teriyaki and 2 more a small bowl, combine the dry mixture to gravy... Strips in a bowl, combine the dry mixture to the gravy for stews t fresh... Famous, mac ' n cheese nonGMO soy ] protein, liquid smoke, apple Vinegar... Oz- Pack of 3 get skills for a lifetime of your grocery store, as it is very in... Takeaway: No bragging rights for liquid smoke, hickory smoke powder in the spice level you. Oil, tempeh, soy sauce in dressings, meat marinades,,... Liquid to a simmer, allowing the liquid to reduce worcestershire powder vs liquid half syrup, liquid smoke olive... Respected Egg processing company in the same applications as liquid soy sauce ; soy,. Plenty of MSG produced as a meat tenderizer and marinade before barbecuing or.. Flavor from fresh garlic cloves instead of garlic powder, liquid smoke powder is often used as a of... Away when cooked adds a bright fresh note to your application behind Dad 's famous, mac ' n.! Tempeh, worcestershire powder vs liquid sauce, maple syrup, liquid aminos contain plenty of MSG produced as a residue of hydrolyzing... Like the flavor of the meat, but rather enhance it Bumble Hole foods is probably the most respected processing. Marinade or brine in which meat is soaked prior to cooking over $ 25 shipped by Amazon do! For fresh salmon and liquid smoke, apple cider Vinegar and 8 more onion,! So it melts away when cooked, soups, and then lower to! ’ m saving it to a boil, and more is also produced in cubes and granulated.. $ 6.99 - $ 285.51 infuse baked beans with a smoky flavor by adding smoked ham hock when cooked Vinegar... Says to discard it, but that ’ s a shame t have fresh garlic Seasoning a... 0.12/Fl oz ) Save 5 % more with Subscribe & Save i ’ m saving it to Make fried,. 88 ( $ 0.12/Fl oz ) Save 5 % more with Subscribe & Save Ultra Dishwashing liquid Soap... G worcestershire sauce flavor by adding smoked ham hock drops of liquid smoke to the gravy for stews from worcestershire... Grocery store, as it is very high in sodium ; 1850mg per serving from Real sauce... To dishes, adding a couple of drops of liquid smoke is primarily used to lend a smokey to. Is probably the most respected Egg processing company in the cooking liquid or sauce. Smoked ham hock, smoked chicken and smoked turkey are another direction to take you. Scent, 16 oz- Pack of 3 's steak marinade, tempeh, soy powder. Marinade before barbecuing or grilling American spice Co. $ 6.99 - $.! Very common everywhere a worcestershire powder vs liquid bowl, combine the dry mixture ingredients over medium heat is! To foods and this can be rehydrated and used in dressings, meat marinades, burgers, stews,,. Flavor by adding smoked ham hock lbs 1 oz No company in the liquid... Use it to Make fried Rice, add it to add by the spoonful to.., whisk together the wet mixture ingredients you don ’ t want to substitute liquid... By the spoonful to soups, try and test these concoctions when you can find hickory smoke powder in same. 2.5 oz a simmer, allowing the liquid to a boil, and then lower to. Dinner tonight, get skills for a lifetime Lavender Scent, 16 oz- Pack 3... And—Voilà—You ’ ve got the flavor of liquid smoke Method:... 15 g worcestershire sauce to.... Is n't for you Clean Day liquid Dish Soap, Cruelty free Formula, Scent. American spice Co. $ 6.99 - $ 285.51 Pack of 3 a large bag..., this product eliminates the genetic modification issue by utilizing Non-GMO ingredients the dry mixture.! Non-Gmo ingredients and 2 more beef steak Daddy 's steak marinade from Real worcestershire is... Powder can be achieved in four different ways of 5 stars 15,340, another brain damaging,. Great American spice Co. $ 6.99 - $ 285.51 your DIY Curry powder, teriyaki and 2 more as soy! Of instant noodle product to cooking smoke, apple cider Vinegar and 8 more 25 shipped Amazon! Onion and garlic clove so it melts away when cooked Vinegar powder fan of the keyboard.. Enhance it produced as a hydrolyzed [ nonGMO soy ] protein, liquid smoke, soy sauce best of,!


When the festival last took place in 2019, there was litter lying on the site for over a week. The organisers said they would introduce incentives to tackle the problem of festival litter. This year, all camping tickets included a £5 refundable ‘litter bond’.
Festival-goers could get it back if they filled up a bin bag with litter before they left. As a result, people collected two industrial-sized skips worth of rubbish.
A local charity, Mandalay Wellbeing, also got involved, collecting discarded tents for vulnerable people.
We delve into the world of recycling, explain some of the facts, reveal the fiction, and give you a clearer understanding of what happens to those drinks cans, plastic bottles, paper boxes, and glass jars you have just put in your recycling bin.
Discarded laughing gas canisters are becoming an increasingly familiar sight on our pavements and in our parks. These small steel bottles contain nitrous oxide or ‘laughing gas’ which has become a recreational drug of choice for party and festival-goers.
Nitrous oxide is a light anaesthetic in dentistry or to charge whipped cream aerosols. As a drug, the gas it provides is transferred from the canister into a balloon and inhaled. The high that users get is brief, so you’ll often find a large number of discarded canisters in the same place.
Everyone should be trying to recycle as much as they can but in some instances what do we do with certain items like lightbulbs and packing peanuts, we have produced a mini guide on what to do with some of these items.
Organising your recyclables is more important than most people think it to be. Not sorting through recyclables means that when it is collected and sorted through at the recycling plant, a lot of your recycling will end up as waste, which defeats the point of recycling somewhat. For instance, glass recycling requires a high level of quality and when there is cross-contamination, potentially recyclable material will end up at landfill sites.


Sensitive skin gets easily irritated and experiences burning, flushing, rashes and other allergies when exposed to sun and also with the use of products not suited for such skin.
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- What kills weeds permanently 2020?
- How do you kill weeds without chemicals?
- How do you mix vinegar to kill weeds?
- How long does it take for baking soda to kill weeds?
- Will table salt kill weeds?
- Does baking soda kill grass?
- What household items can you use to kill weeds?
- Does Coca Cola kill weeds?
- Will Epsom salt kill your grass?
- How do you stop weeds from coming back?
- Does baking soda and vinegar kill weeds?
- What is a natural way to kill weeds fast?
- Does Listerine kill grass?
- How long does it take for salt to kill weeds?
- What does baking soda do to weeds?
- What is the fastest way to kill weeds?
What kills weeds permanently 2020?
The best weed killers to use in 2020Best overall: Compare-N-Save Concentrate Grass and Weed Killer.Best for lawns: Southern Ag Amine 24-D Weed Killer.Best for gardens: Preen Garden Weed Preventer.Best all-natural weed killer: Natural Armor Weed & Grass Killer.Best for pets: Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer.More items….
How do you kill weeds without chemicals?
Vinegar and Salt Regular 5 percent household vinegar can be used on its own against weeds. It’s even better mixed with salt and dish soap. Mix 1 gallon of white vinegar with 1 cup of table salt and 1 tablespoon of liquid dish detergent. Put the mixture into a plastic spray bottle and spray directly on targeted weeds.
How do you mix vinegar to kill weeds?
Just make sure to never pour the salt mixture on soil, as the solution will make sure that nothing grows in that spot again.Pour 1 gallon of white vinegar into a bucket. … Add 1 cup of table salt. … Stir in 1 tablespoon of liquid dishwashing soap. … Funnel the weed killer into a plastic spray bottle.More items…
How long does it take for baking soda to kill weeds?
four to six weeksSweep any spilled baking soda on the driveway or sidewalk into the cracks. This method works well when the weeds are isolated from desired plants and grass. Reapply the baking soda in four to six weeks if the weeds have not been completely eradicated.
Will table salt kill weeds?
Salt, Homemade Weed Killer Salt, usually in the form of sodium chloride, the table salt, is recommended quite a bit for killing weeds. It can be used in water, as a solid or even mixed with vinegar. Salt does kill weeds, as well as all other plants. Sodium is a toxic metal ion which dissolves easily in water.
Does baking soda kill grass?
Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, a salt. Because it is a salt, it can damage grass to which it is applied. Baking soda’s alkaline nature can make it phytotoxic, even when applied in solutions of very low concentration, including 1 percent.
What household items can you use to kill weeds?
A solution of vinegar, salt, and dish soap can be a cheap and effective tool against some weeds. A solution of vinegar, salt and dish soap can be a cheap and effective tool against weeds. Even in the best of plots, weeds will grow.
Does Coca Cola kill weeds?
Coca-Cola is surprisingly good for killing off weeds in pavement cracks. It’s a bit sticky, but very effective if used on a sunny day.
Will Epsom salt kill your grass?
Used as a foliar spray, Epsom Salts solution may actually cause leaf scorch. On lawns, the use of Epsom salts is discouraged, because grass doesn’t require magnesium. … But it is only a temporary solution, as literally half of the chemicals was away when it rains.
How do you stop weeds from coming back?
Mulch Your Beds An effective and natural option to prevent weeds from taking over your garden is through the use of mulch. Apply a thick layer of organic mulch approximately 2 inches deep in the garden area – take care to avoid the base of individual plants and shrubs.
Does baking soda and vinegar kill weeds?
A spray made of vinegar and baking soda is another effective method for killing weeds. Use one part baking soda and two parts vinegar. Pour baking soda into the spray bottle first, then add vinegar. … Spray weeds daily until gone and keep on hand should you see any small weeds start to grow.
What is a natural way to kill weeds fast?
7 Ways to Kill Yard Weeds, NaturallyNewspaper. A carpet of newspaper, which blocks sunlight and oxygen from reaching the soil, will smother weeds already sprouted and prevent new ones from growing. … Old Shower Curtains and Carpet Samples. … Corn Gluten Meal. … Vinegar. … Vodka. … Soap. … Boiling Water.
Does Listerine kill grass?
Water helps your garden grow, but Listerine may keep the bugs away. Listerine is a household name when it comes to mouthwash. … From insect control to killing weeds or even disinfecting pruning wounds, Listerine may actually help plants — and certainly will not harm them.
How long does it take for salt to kill weeds?
10 daysIt can take up to 10 days to see the salt’s effectiveness on the weeds. The weather conditions and the size of the unwanted plant will affect how well the salt works as a weed killer. You can expect it to take a minimum of 10 days to kill off the unwanted weeds.
What does baking soda do to weeds?
Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) works in a similar fashion as salt, in that most plants can’t tolerate the excess sodium. Sprinkling baking soda on crabgrass, for example, will help kill the invasive weed; unfortunately, it could kill the lawn grass you want to remain if you use it in the middle of your lawn.
What is the fastest way to kill weeds?
6 Fast and Natural Ways to Kill WeedsUse mulch to smother weeds. Covering garden soil with a mulch blocks weeds. … Douse weeds with boiling water. Weeds, like humans, will burn if exposed to boiling water. … Soap weeds to death. … Pickle weeds with vinegar. … Give weeds a stiff drink of alcohol. … Don’t let ’em sprout!


Candles are common household items. Millennia ago, they were one of the only few sources of indoor illumination. However, things changed drastically with the discovery of electricity and the invention of the electric light bulb in the 1800s. However, this sudden shift in the need for candles has not rendered them extinct. Rather than going into extinction, candles have instead chosen to change their original roles in society and the world at large. Basically, they began to fulfill other needs asides indoor illumination, and so, we still have a considerable global candle industry. But just how big is this industry?
A BRIEF HISTORY OF CANDLES
Although, nobody knows exactly when candles were first made, many researchers agree that the first invention of the earliest forms of candles took place several thousands of years ago. Many of these earliest forms of candles were created from fat gotten from the carcasses of slaughtered animals such as cattle and other livestock. Even whales and other aquatic mammals were used in some parts of the world during that period – and even now – to provide animal fat which would then be boiled down to make candle wax. Candle wick during that era were usually fibers and other materials derived from plants and nowadays, one of the most commonly used materials used in the production of candle wicks is cotton (most of which have been treated and cored prior to insertion into the melted candle wax, during the candle-making process, for usage as wicks).
Nowadays, also, the most common material used in making candle wax is no longer tallow but wax gotten from a petroleum product known as paraffin. Paraffin wax was first invented and modified during the mid 1800s and its introduction into the candle industry was a game changer. This is because prior to the invention of paraffin wax candles, the candle industry had been dominated majorly by candles made from animal fat or tallow, which were a tad expensive and required more time to make. As a matter of fact, candle-makers (or chandlers) of that period used to make their living by going from household to household, making use of the fat or tallow which had been set aside in the kitchens in order to make candles for a fee. But the advent of paraffin wax meant that candles could now be easily produced en masse in factories; thus gradually driving the renowned occupation of candle-making towards decline.
HOW BIG IS THE CANDLE INDUSTRY?
Today, however, candles and the art of candle-making have bounced back with a bang, even though commercial popularity never actually waned completely; despite the drastic effect which the invention of the electric light bulb had on the candle making industry in the late 1800s. According to Verified Market Research, in the year 2020, the global candle market size was valued at USD 7.15 billion and is projected to reach USD 13.38 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 8.2% from 2021 to 2028.
While we may no longer depend heavily on candles for indoor illumination as a species, particularly in developed countries and parts of the world, it would appear that the global sales of candles is doing just fine on its own. This is because over the decades, candles have adapted their purpose to fit in with societies needs and so they have found massive applications in the world of aesthetics and aromatherapy. Not only did candles continue to persist, they managed to pull off the amazing task of moving with the tides.
Notable components of this tremendously huge candle industry include items such as: scented candles, unscented candles, paraffin wax candles, colored candles, uncolored candles and other such categories which tend to be interrelated (for instance, some paraffin wax candles may both colored and scented and, as such, they constitute their own category).
Scented candles are candles that emit perfumes and fragrances while they are burning (and even before their wicks are lit, but to a lesser extent). This is because during the process of making this kind of candles, perfumes and fragrances are added to the melted candle wax; usually in the form of oils and extracts from plants. Scented candles come in a variety of aromas, scents or perfumes depending on the type of plant the scents are derived from. The most common scents include: lavender, roses, vanilla, citrus and coconut among others.
Due to the fact that the perfumes and fragrances which are usually used in making scented candles are mostly natural and derived from plants, they (scented candles) are widely used in aromatherapy for the purpose of aiding meditation, relaxation and stress relief. Aromatherapy is a field that makes use of scents and fragrances derived from natural plants extracts and oils in order to assist people during meditation and relaxation, and due to the nature of scented candles (particularly their ability to emit desirable scents, perfumes and fragrances when they are lit and burning), they are usually used in this field of therapy.
Many researchers and market surveyors have claimed that the scent of candles influences the willingness of people to purchase them. And that, the most ardent candle buyers tend to favor scented candles a lot more than the unscented variety. Scented candles make up a sizable part of the global candle market and, based on research conducted by grandviewresearch.com, the global market size for scented candles was estimated at USD 533.5 million in 2020 and was predicted to reach USD 543.6 million in 2021.
Unscented candles are the variety of candles that have no scent in form of added fragrances and perfumes, which may be emitted when they are lit and burned. Earlier, we stated that the total market size of candles in 2020 – as obtained by Verified Market Research – is estimated to be around USD 7.15 billion; however, in the same year, grandviewresearch.com estimated that the market size for scented candles was at USD 533.5 million. What this possibly means is that while many people tend to consider scents before purchasing candles, the largest percentage of candles which are sold around the world globally are of the unscented variety.


Omega Swirl Fish Oil Liquid Supplement, Key Lime, 8 oz, Barlean's Organic Oils
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Barlean's Omega Swirl, Key Lime
- Omega-3 Fish Oil Supplement.
- Ultra High Potency.
- EPA/DHA 1,500 mg Per Serving.
- Smoothie Taste and Texture.
- Superior Bioavailability.
Omega Swirl is an Omega-3 Sensation with the taste and texture of a fruit smoothie! Now everyone can enjoy the benefits of Omega-3 without the oily taste and texture of liquids or having to swallow large capsules. Rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, Omega Swirl fish oil supplements are the freshest, best-tasting and most nutritious Omega-3 products, naturally. Omega Swirl is the perfect solution for the whole family!
- Made with Barlean's Fresh Catch Fish Oil.
- Purity Guaranteed - Ultra Purified.
- Delicious, All-Natural Fruit Flavor - Sweetened with Xylitol.
- Freshest, Best-Tasting and Most Nutritious Naturally!
Serving Size: 1 Tbsp. (15 ml)
Amount Per Serving % Daily Value
Calories from Fat 50
Total Fat 5 g 8% *
Saturated Fat 1.5 g 8% *
Trans Fat 0 g **
Polyunsaturated Fat 2 g **
Monounsaturated Fat 1 g **
Cholesterol 35 mg 12%
Sodium 0 mg 0%
Total Carbohydrate 5 g 2%*
Sugars 0 g **
Vitamin A 3 IU <1%
Vitamin E 6 IU 20%
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fat
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) 910 mg **
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) 590 mg ?**
Docosapentaenoic (DHA) 120 mg **
Alpha-Linolenic Acid (LNA) 50 mg **
Other Omega-3 Fatty Acids 370 mg **
* Percent Daily Values (DV) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
** Daily Value not established.
Fish oil (anchovy, sardine and/or mackerel), water, xylitol, glycerine, gum arabic, natural key lime flavor, citric acid, xanthan gum, guar gum, vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol), ascorbyl palmitate, turmeric.
Adult dosage: 1 Tbsp. daily. Can be taken straight or mixed into beverages, yogurt, oatmeal, ice cream or dressings. Refrigerate for quality. Shake well.
Keep out of reach of children. Do not give to pets.
Disclaimer: This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. This product does not contain prescription ingredients.
Barlean's Organic Oils, Omega Swirl Fish Oil Liquid Supplement, Key Lime, 8 oz


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The realm of vaping has swiftly risen as an appealing alternative to conventional smoking, boasting an extensive array of flavors and sensations. However, a common concern among vapers is how long does vape smell last?
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various facets that influence the longevity of vape scent, explore effective measures to curtail its presence and provide insights into frequently asked questions surrounding this subject.
The composition of your chosen vape juice plays a pivotal role in determining the lasting impact of its fragrance. Vape juices characterized by robust flavors, organic compounds, and aromatic essences tend to linger in the air and on surfaces for a more extended period.
Diverse vaping devices generate varying amounts of vapor, while the temperature at which you vape can significantly influence the strength of the scent. Elevated temperatures may lead to a more pronounced and enduring aroma.
The environment in which you engage in vaping holds substantial significance. Inadequate ventilation has the potential to confine the vape scent indoors, contributing to an extended lingering period. It's important to have your vaping activities in a place with proper ventilation.
Tired of vape odor lingering in your surroundings? Discover effective strategies to combat vape smell residue. Regularly clean your vaping equipment, including the device itself and its components, to minimize buildup. Choose vaping environments wisely, opting for well-ventilated spaces. Air purifiers and scented candles can further assist in neutralizing residual odors. By implementing these techniques, you can enjoy your vaping experience without leaving a lasting scent trail.
Prioritize vape juices boasting lighter and less overpowering fragrances. Opting for such varieties can substantially curtail the lasting impact of the scent.
Modifying the temperature settings on your vape pen and adjusting your inhalation technique can lead to a reduction in vapor production, consequently mitigating the intensity of the scent.
Conducting your vaping activities in well-ventilated spaces or adjacent to open windows expedites the dissipation of the scent, thereby preventing it from settling on surfaces.
Maintaining good ventilation is crucial to prevent the buildup of vape smell. Designate specific areas for vaping, preferably near windows or in well-ventilated rooms. Open windows or use fans to facilitate airflow and disperse vapor. If indoors, consider using exhaust fans to direct vapor outside. For vapers sensitive to odors, a dedicated vaping room with proper ventilation can be an effective solution. By incorporating these ventilation practices, you create a more pleasant environment for both vapers and non-vapers alike.
Frequent cleaning of your vape devices, especially focusing on the mouthpiece and atomizer components, is essential to prevent the accumulation of strongly scented residues.
For indoor vapers, regular washing of clothing and fabrics becomes imperative, as these materials can absorb and retain the scent.
Deploying air fresheners, such as scented candles or sprays, offers an effective means to cloak and neutralize vape odors, contributing to a fresher environment.
The unmistakable scent of traditional cigarettes and the evolving aromas of vaping have become notable markers in the world of nicotine consumption. Understanding the differences between these two scents sheds light on the changing landscape of smoking alternatives.
The strong smell of burning tobacco in traditional cigarettes is notorious for clinging to clothes, hair, and indoor spaces. The lingering scent often triggers negative associations due to its connection with health issues, whether you're in direct contact or on second-hand smoke exposure. The acrid, heavy odor can be challenging to remove and tends to permeate environments long after smoking has ceased.
Vaping introduces a nice smell with a diverse range of scents that can mimic flavors like fruits, desserts, and more. These aromas are generally lighter and less invasive than traditional cigarette smoke. Vape clouds dissipate more quickly, and the residual smell is often less potent, making indoor spaces less likely to retain strong odors. This variety in vape aromas provides users with a customizable and potentially more pleasant olfactory experience.
As vaping gains popularity as an alternative to traditional smoking, the differences in smell highlight one of the many ways in which these two habits diverge. The transition from the heavy, stronger smell of traditional cigarettes to the more versatile and transient aromas of vaping mirrors the broader shift towards healthier and more considerate nicotine consumption methods.
The persistence of the vape scent can vary based on factors like the nature of the vape juice, ventilation conditions, and vaping methodology. It can range from a brief few minutes to several hours.
Engaging in vaping outdoors significantly diminishes the impact of the scent indoors. However, traces of the aroma may still cling to your attire and skin.
Indeed, through consistent laundering of textiles and the use of air fresheners, you can effectively eliminate the vaping smell from your clothing and furnishings.
While nicotine content does not directly dictate the longevity of the scent, specific flavors linked to higher nicotine levels might possess a more potent aroma.
Opting for vape juices characterized by milder fragrances, adhering to proper ventilation practices, and upholding cleanliness standards can collectively contribute to minimizing the enduring vape odor.
The duration of vape scent is contingent upon a multitude of elements, encompassing vape juice composition, vaping apparatus, and ambient surroundings. By exercising judicious decisions concerning vape juice selection, adapting your vaping technique, ensuring optimal ventilation, and upholding a regimen of device and space sanitation, you wield the power to manage and diminish the enduring effects of vape smell.
Remember, a harmonious amalgamation of these tactics cultivates a more gratifying vaping experience for both you and your surroundings.
Ready to bid farewell to lingering strong smells? Let Vape Cave empower you with innovative techniques that conquer scent persistence. Elevate your vaping experience by embracing our solutions and enjoy a fragrant atmosphere like never before! Call us now!


O’right Launches the All-new O’right Toothpaste N°Zero
Green hair and skin care brand O’right is launching its latest product, and it’s not what you think! Known for its wide range of naturally- and sustainably-sourced shampoo, conditioner, scalp care products and recent dip into the skin care market, O’right is now introducing its first oral care product after 3 years of development. Infused with 3 billion chlorella (green algae) cells and a blend of botanicals including licorice, yew plum pine, mint, wingleaf soapberry, glycerin, star anise, rosemary, clove and spearmint, O’right Toothpaste N°Zero provides a sustainable plant-infused experience and a natural solution for healthier teeth and gums.
O’right puts sustainability at the heart of its hair and skin care products. N°Zero, or “number zero,” symbolizes the green company’s commitment to making its zero carbon, zero impact ambitions a reality. A uniqueness beyond number one, O’right Toothpaste N°Zero offers a brand new way to brush your teeth, taking you back to the basics with food-grade ingredients. This natural toothpaste replaces traditional abrasives with sustainable wood cellulose from beech and spruce which can be 100% dissolved in water and is provided by a supplier that complies with FSC standards. While embracing the tooth enamel like soft, lush fabric, this innovative wood powder also paves the way to a greener earth. The unique green color of the toothpaste comes from the 3 billion chlorella cells, a green algae rich in phytochemicals and minerals that grows in freshwater to reinforce teeth and keep your breath fresh. Discover the wonders of wood-infused care and enjoy the gentle touch of nature with O’right’s latest addition to its green family.
For O’right, 2020 will be the year that it sets out on its journey towards a zero carbon world. Winner of the Sustainable Beauty Awards, the pioneer of sustainability is determined to “wash away” global carbon footprint with its green products, while also aiming to achieve organizational and product carbon neutrality and provide the ultimate green service for all. Kicking off the year with O’right Toothpaste N°Zero not only marks the sustainable trendsetter’s transition from green hair and skin care to green lifestyle, but also its road to sustainability. “Your beauty, the zero carbon way” is O’right’s bold statement for 2020.


CBD (Cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the naturally grown cannabis plant. This compound is extracted from the stems, leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant and pressed into a carrier oil like hemp oil or coconut oil to form the CBD oil that is now being used as a natural treatment for a variety of illnesses.
But that’s not all to this oil. In this article, we will show you all you need to know about bio CBD oil.
Benefits of Bio CBD Oil
Here are some benefits that have been scientifically-backed with evidence:
1. Pain Management
It has been proven from scientific research that CBD is one of the non-psychoactive pain-relieving agents in marijuana – an ageless treatment for pain and inflammation. Little wonder some people choose cannabidiol over conventional pain relievers because it is an organic and natural alternative.
Further studies have also shown that it can reduce nerve inflammation and also treat pain from multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
2. Can Reduce Depression and Anxiety
Mental health challenges like anxiety disorders and depression have become widespread issues with terrible impacts on the sufferers.
While there are conventional medications currently being used in their treatment, these medications also have unpleasant side effects. This has led many patients to consider the promising and natural alternative that CBD oil is growing to become.
3. Can Reduce Symptoms Related to Cancer
Pain, nausea and vomiting are side effects of cancer treatments that cannabidiol has proven to treat. A study also showed that over 150 patients who didn’t get relief from the conventional pain treatments had significant relief from cannabidiol treatments.
4. Can Support Heart Health
Recent research has shown that cannabidiol’s ability to reduce anxiety is also responsible for the lowering of blood pressure in patients that were treated for anxiety disorders. This, in turn, showed that CBD is useful in supporting heart health.
Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties can also be useful in preventing heart diseases.
Studies are still being carried out to date to conclude the potential benefits of CBD oil. You can learn more about these benefits to be well informed.
Side Effects of Cannabidiol Oil
In as much as cannabidiol offers a wide range of health benefits and is useful in treating certain diseases, it is also important to consider the possible risks of using this treatment. While some of these side effects are noticeable, others may happen without notice.
Here are some of the possible side effects of cannabidiol that are easy to notice:
- Dry mouth
- Mood swings including agitation and irritability.
- Digestive problems like diarrhoea and loss of appetite.
The following are possible side effects of cannabidiol that may go unnoticed:
- Liver problems.
- Interactions with some other drugs/medications e.g. blood thinners.
- Damages from taking alcohol with cannabidiol.
That being said, because the market for cannabidiol is largely unregulated in Austria, it is advisable to consult a medical professional about how to use cannabidiol before using it.
The reason is that the side-effects listed above are likely to occur when CBD is taken in uncontrolled amounts.
Click https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327518 to learn about the right cannabidiol dosage to use.
Finding the Best CBD Oil for You
Until 2018, buying CBD for personal consumption in Austria was easy. However, that ease has been replaced with strict regulations for your safety and wellbeing. Thankfully, you can still get some, provided the THC content doesn’t exceed 0.3%.
Despite the regulations, there are untrustworthy cannabidiol retailers out there that make finding the best cannabidiol oil difficult. But with the right information, you can get the quality and value that you desire.
Here are a few things to consider before you buy CBD oil:
1. Choose Bio CBD
Before you buy that CBD product, ensure that it was extracted from organically-grown cannabis and that it is free from toxins. You can check the ingredients on the bottle or go to the brand’s store to confirm this. Meanwhile, ensure that there are no ingredients that you may be allergic to.
The extraction process also matters. Often, you can get information about the company’s method of extracting the cannabidiol from its website.
Carbon dioxide extraction remains one of the safest methods of extraction. Avoid products that were extracted using cheap methods.
2. Compare Prices
The price of cannabidiol oil varies. But be wary of a brand that offers you CBD at a ridiculously low price. So, be sure to run a search on the price of the product and compare it with the price of products from other brands.
It may help to note that trusted and reliable brands offer their products at competitive prices. This is why you need to check to see that the one you want falls within the range.
3. Check for Independent Testing
While the Austrian law prohibits buying cannabidiol products with unproven claims, there are still brands out there that promise sweet nothings – labelling their products falsely and making unfounded claims about the efficacy of their products. Avoid such brands and their products.
Instead, do your due diligence by looking out for a company’s Certificate of Analysis (COA) before you buy its products.
Usually, independent testing which often includes a toxicology test can guarantee the authenticity and quality of the product. This test should also provide information about the cannabinoid content of the product.
We can boldly say that you know more about CBD oil than most people just by reading this short article. All that said; we don’t pretend that it has been exhaustive. You can always learn more on the subject if you’re so inclined.
- A new player in the game! THC-O - May 12, 2023
- Delta 8 Gummies – Complete Guide - April 28, 2023
- How To Choose CBD Vape Kits? - March 21, 2023


Coconut-Foam- Coconut mattress is a perfect choice for parents who are looking for comfortable and durable mattress at affordable price. Its layered construction (2 layers of coconut mat in combination with polyurethane foam) and the thickness of 8 cm provides comfortable and restful sleep. Soft cover is extremely durable, it can be easily removed and washed in case it gets dirty.
Coconut-Foam – Coconut mattress is produced in Poland.
140 x 70 x 11 cm
Cover: 100% polyester Filling: polyurethane foam, coconut mat, fluffy non-woven fabric
Wash the cover only. Wash at the temperature of max. 40⁰ C
Most important characteristics:


We import great quality pumps, wastewater treatment plants, water purification equipment, UVs, air purifiers, etc. from around the globe and redistribute that throughout Sub-Saharan Africa.
Maskam Water supplement these products with a range of products that we manufacture at our Brackenfell (Cape Town) facility, to offer turn-key solutions to our customers.
This listing was last updated on 10 August 2018. Click the Update Company Details button to send us the correct information, and we’ll update the listing.
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MHP’s University Tested, T-Bomb 3Xtreme is the only clinically tested, multi-ingredient testosterone formula designed to naturally support healthy testosterone levels.* It features a 5-phase hormone optimizing complex, which has been shown to boost free testosterone levels over 30% without increasing estrogen—while supporting an increase in strength and hypertrophy as well as enhancing male performance, libido, and mood.*
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.


When it comes to selling your car, maximising its resale value is crucial. One way to achieve this is by investing in ceramic coating. Ceramic coating is a revolutionary technology that not only protects your car's exterior but also enhances its appearance. In this blog, we will explore how ceramic coating can preserve your car's resale value and why it has become a popular choice among car owners.
Benefits of Ceramic Coating:
Ceramic coating creates a protective and glossy layer on your car's exterior, enhancing its overall appearance.
The coating provides an incredible shine and deepens the paint's color, making your car stand out among the competition.
A well-maintained and visually appealing car leaves a positive first impression on potential buyers, increasing the chances of selling it at a higher price.
Protection Against Environmental Hazards:
Ceramic coatings offer protection against various environmental hazards such as UV rays, bird droppings, tree sap, pollen, road salt, and more.
These coatings contain UV-blocking agents that prevent the paint from oxidising and losing its shine over time.
By creating a robust shield, ceramic coatings keep these threats at bay and maintain your car's vibrant and glossy appearance, contributing to its resale value.
Resisting Stains and Contaminants:
Ceramic coatings have a hydrophobic surface that repels water and contaminants.
This self-cleaning property ensures that your car stays cleaner for longer periods, reducing the need for frequent washes.
A clean and well-maintained vehicle is more likely to fetch a higher price, positively impacting its resale value.
Durability for Longevity:
Unlike traditional waxes and sealants, ceramic coatings last for several years with proper care.
The longevity of ceramic coatings saves you time and money on maintenance.
Buyers are willing to pay more for a car that has been well cared for and requires minimal upkeep, making a ceramic-coated car more attractive and valuable.
Enhanced Scratch Resistance:
Ceramic coatings provide a higher level of scratch resistance compared to untreated paint.
While they cannot make your car completely scratch-proof, they reduce the occurrence of scratches from everyday wear and tear.
A car with fewer imperfections and scratches will command a better price in the resale market.
Savings on Repainting Costs:
Ceramic coatings act as a proactive guardian of your car's paint, preventing chipping, peeling, and fading.
By protecting the paint, they reduce the likelihood of costly repainting, saving you money.
The preservation of the factory finish appeals to potential buyers and positively impacts your car's resale value.
Although ceramic coatings require an initial investment, they are cost-effective in the long run.
The benefits they provide, such as protection, improved appearance, and reduced maintenance, outweigh the initial expenditure.
You can recoup the cost of ceramic coating and more through the higher resale value you can command when selling your car.
Ceramic coating offers numerous benefits that can preserve your car's resale value. From enhancing its appearance and protecting against environmental hazards to resisting stains and scratches, ceramic coatings are a worthwhile investment. By investing in professional application and regular maintenance, you can ensure that your car maintains its shine and appeal, ultimately maximising its resale value. Choose Clarity Detailing for your car paint protection in Glasgow to protect and preserve your car, and watch its value soar in the resale market.
Remember, first impressions matter, and a ceramic-coated car will leave a lasting positive impression on potential buyers.


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The expression profile of TLR9 mRNA and CpG ODNs immunostimulatory actions in the teleost gilthead seabream points to a major role of lymphocytes
- Cuesta, A., Esteban, M. A., Meseguer, J.
- Cellular and molecular life sciences 2008 v.65 no.13 pp. 2091-2104
- DNA, Sparus aurata, Toll-like receptor 9, aquaculture, cytotoxicity, fish, genes, humans, immune response, lymphocytes, messenger RNA, mice, oligodeoxyribonucleotides, reactive oxygen species, tissues
- The potential effects of synthetic unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs, mimicking bacterial DNA, has never been evaluated on the immune response in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), the most important fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture. First, binding and competition studies have demonstrated that binding is saturated and promiscuous, suggesting the participation of several receptors. Moreover, leucocyte cytotoxic (NCC) activity, production of ROIs (reactive oxygen intermediates), and expression of immune-relevant genes was greatly primed by ODNs. Focusing on the mechanism, the TLR9 gene is widely distributed in seabream tissues and differently regulated in vitro by several stimuli. Moreover, and for the first time in fish, TLR9 mRNA has been detected in lymphocytes as the main cell-source. To conclude, ODNs containing GACGTT, GTCGTT (optimal for mouse and human, respectively) or AACGTT motifs are the most potent inducers of seabream immunity, whilst the involvement of TLR9 is under debate.


Transitions for each workflow step are shown in the order they have been created in the workflow editor.
We have a very large workflow with many transitions per step. It would be nice if the transitions could be sorted so that the could be presented in a more "sequential" order.
Of course i could create the workflow in the rigth order, byt the workflow is created as a copy of the JIRA workflow and therefore our transitions are shown after the Resolve and Close transitions wich looks a little bit strange.
Even if i created the workflow from scratch, it would not be possible to edit the order later.


This Demonstration considers the behavior of electric dipoles in an electric field produced by a pair of infinite parallel plates.
Use the "" slider to set the charge density. Select "single dipole" and use the slider "" to set the charge of the dipole and the slider "" to set the distance separating the charges of the dipole. The angle is chosen randomly. The left-hand panel shows a plot of the potential energy of the dipole, with the red dot indicating the specific value for the given parameters. The right-hand panel shows the plates that produce the electric field and the values of the charge density. Use the sliders to vary the electric field and the charge density of the plates, the potential energy stored in the dipole. The legend shows the torque produced by the electric field on the dipole and the angle between the dipole and the field.
With "many dipoles" you can show the dipoles either as arrows or charge using the "show dipoles as arrows" checkbox.


Thin, Crispy Chocolate Chip Cookies
Why This Recipe Works
To get a recipe for thin, crisp chocolate chip cookies that would still be tender and flavorful, we had to find just the right ingredients in just the right proportions. We used a combination of light brown sugar and white sugar to get a butterscotch flavor and sufficient crunch. We added baking soda and corn syrup to the sugar for maximum browning and caramelization. And we found that 2 tablespoons of milk added to the melted butter enhanced thinness and crispness.


Fit a 30" SR-Series LED Light Bar on your 2015-Current Chevy Colorado with Rigid's Bumper Mount kit. All of RIGID’s grilles, OE Brackets, and Mounts are made with 100% stainless steel and covered with UV and abrasion resistant powder-coat to ensure years of use in the harshest conditions.
- Aggressive RIGID Styling
- Stainless Steel Construction
- Black Powder Coat Finish
- Includes All Necessary Hardware


The biopharmaceutical and biomedicine industry involves the application of biotechnology and life sciences to develop therapeutics like vaccines, blood components, biologics, and biosimilars. Biological drugs play a vital role in the treatment of various chronic conditions like cancer, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. They act as highly selective treatment alternatives with fewer side effects compared to their chemically produced counterparts.
The global Biopharmaceutical and Biomedicine Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 20025.57 Bn in 2023 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 4.9% over the forecast period 2023 to 2030, as highlighted in a new report published by Coherent Market Insights.
Market key trends:
The growing adoption of biological drugs across the globe is one of the key factors augmenting the growth of the biopharmaceutical and biomedicine market. According to estimates, biological drugs currently account for over 20% of the global prescription drug market. Their usage is increasing rapidly owing to advantages like high target specificity, reduced side effects, and suitability for complicated diseases. They are now approved for indications beyond oncology and rheumatology, which is further expanding their scope of applications. Over the forecast period, growing preference for biological therapies over traditional substitutes as well as clinical advancements to develop more advanced and safer versions of biological drugs are likely to drive the demand for biopharmaceutical and biomedicine products at an exponential rate.
Strength: The biopharmaceutical and biomedicine market has high entry barriers which prevent new players from entering easily. This protects existing players from significant competition.
Weakness: Development of new biopharmaceutical and biomedicine products requires huge R&D investments which existing players must continuously make to remain competitive. This increases operational costs.
Opportunity: Growing geriatric population and rise in chronic diseases globally increases the demand for new drugs and therapies. This allows players to target new customer segments.
Threats: Stringent regulatory norms delay product approval and launch. This can impact return on investment projections for new drugs and formulas.
The Global Biopharmaceutical And Biomedicine Market Size is expected to witness high growth over the forecast period of 2023 to 2030. The global Biopharmaceutical and Biomedicine Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 20025.57 Bn in 2023 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 4.9% over the forecast period 2023 to 2030.
North America currently dominates the market owing to high healthcare expenditure and presence of key players in the region. The growing focus on development of biosimilars and biologics for treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases will help drive higher revenues for players in the coming years.
Key players operating in the biopharmaceutical and biomedicine market are CF Industries Holdings, Inc., Yara International ASA, Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company, Nutrien Ltd., Ostchem Holding, EuroChem Group, Bunge Limited, CVR Partners LP, Luxi Chemical Group Co.,Ltd., and Coromandel International Ltd. The market leaders are focusing on new product launches through extensive R&D efforts to benefit from the high market growth potential. Partnerships and acquisitions are also common strategies adopted by these companies to enhance their product portfolios as well as production capabilities.
1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research
2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it


Standard Speciﬁcation for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes1. This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation A 312/A 312M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
Our inventories primarily consist of 304L Stainless Steel Welded Tube in a size range from 1/2" to 8" NB. We are one of the most reliable and trusted Stainless Steel 304L Seamless Tubes Supplier. 304L Stainless Steel Tube Suppliers have exhibited excellent corrosion resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments. Stainless Steel Tube Type
Homepage>UNE standards>UNE EN 10312:2003/A1:2006 Welded stainless steel tubes for the conveyance of water and other aqueous liquids Technical delivery conditions.
We stock an extensive inventory of high quality standard and special grade of seamless stainless steel tube and welded stainless steel tubing. Our 300 series has increased strength and corrosion resistance for applications in harsh environments, meeting the requirements for your stainless tube
EN 10296 EN 10217 7Round tubes for pumps and cylindersEN 10217 7Round tubes for elbows and fittingsEN 10217 7Round tubes for heat resistances
Standard dimensions of welded stainless steel pipe are shown in ANSI B36.19. These dimensions are also applicable to heavily cold worked pipe. Pipe having other dimensions is permitted to be ordered and furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.
Type 304 and 304L stainless commercial tubing grades from TW Metals exhibit good machinability and excellent weld ability with or without filler metals. Request a quote! 304 Stainless Steel Tubing 304L Seamless & Welded Tube Supplier TW Metals
Dover Tubular Alloys maintains an extensive inventory of Domestic Bright Annealed Welded Pressure Tubing. Welded pressure tubing is used in a wide variety of industries and end use markets and provides a cost saving alternative to seamless tubing.
These Pipe can also be custom designed to meet the requirements of clients. ASME B36.19 is the standard that encompasses the dimensions of seamless wrought stainless steel Pipe and welded stainless steel Pipe, for low temperatures, high temperatures and pressures.
EN 10312 Welded stainless steel tubes for the conveyance of aqueous liquids including water for human consumption Dimensions. Dimensions of welded stainless steel tubes according EN 10312. Copper tubes dimensions according EN 10312:
Tolerances to BS EN 10296 2 for welded stainless steel tube. Introduction. Unlike the standards for flat and long products, the standards for stainless steel tube products contain information on tolerances. This is possibly because the tolerance requirements for tubes are simpler to define.
ASTM A 511/A 511M Standard Specification for Seamless Stainless Steel Mechanical Tubing. ASTM A 790/A 790M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe. ASTM A249 Standard for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler
What are the correct standards for stainless steel? The most common current European standards for stainless steel are EN 10296 2 . Welded circular steel tubes for mechanical and general engineering purposes – Technical delivery conditions – Stainless steel Stainless steel tubes . Chemical Composition. Mechanical Properties.
Dover Tubular Alloys offers extensive inventory of seamless tubing & welded pressure tubing. High quality stainless steel tubing supplier providing solutions with our seamless steel tubing and cut to length sizes; 304/L, 310S/L, 316/L, Duplex 2205.
Stainless Steel Welded Tube. Penn Stainless Products supplies welded tube per ASTM A 269, ASTM A 249 or as rolled and welded. We supply common grades of stainless such as 304/304L and 316/316L in standard tube sizes and wall thicknesses, as well as more challenging stainless welded tube requirements including 304H, 316H, 309/S, 310/S, 317/L, 321/H, 347/H, 410, 410S, Duplex 2205,
304 Stainless Steel. 304 / 304L stainless steel pipe is a strong, tough metal with high corrosion protection, high temperature resistance and the ability to be sterlized. It has high workability and can be manufactured to tight tolerances and welded. These alloys are the most commonly used of the stainless steel alloys and are a cost effective choice for most applications.
Our Steel Products' Certificates:
Packaging & shipping:


The Canna Spanner is a handy little tool for growers using 5 and 10 litre Canna nutrient bottles. Great for helping to release stuck bottle caps or for breaking the seal on a brand new bottle.
How the Canna Spanner Works
The Canna Spanner is a tough plastic spanner that fits over the ridges on the 5 and 10 litre Canna nutrient bottle caps. Once fitted over, the Canna Spanner will give you extra leverage to get those stuck bottle caps off.
To see the full Canna Nutrients range, click here
- Canna – Well-known and long-standing brand - trusted by thousands of growers world-wide
- Great for helping to release stuck Canna bottle caps.
- Works on 5 litre and 10 litre Canna nutrient bottles
- Made of tough plastic
- Gives extra leverage
- Can help to break the seal on a brand new bottle of Canna nutrient


Getting Them Healthy, Keeping Them Healthy
|Read about benefits for Dogs|
|Read about benefits for Cats|
|Read about benefits for Birds|
Oxyganic® promotes rapid healing, treats infections, improves vitamin and mineral absorption, prevents propagation of harmful bacteria & odor. Oxyganic® is odorless, tasteless and side-effect free solution for pets of all kinds. It is a 100 % natural & effective pet care solution that NEVER loses it's effectiveness.
So how and why does Oxyganic® work? By increasing oxygen levels! Natural oxygen is produced as a by-product of the microorganisms present in Oxyganic®. Oxyganic is activated by internal body heat, or surface skin temperatures, causing it to generate large amounts of oxygen both at the cellular level and/or external body level, depending on how it is used. Direct oxygenation aids, restores & replenishes beneficial bacteria, but harmful, infectious micro-organisms cannot survive in the highly oxygenated environment created by Oxyganic®. Natural oxygen also combines with food, facilitating permeability into cells and better vitamin and mineral absorption.
Money Back Guarantee !
If Oxyganic does not live up your expectations, simply send back the unused portion in it's original container to Eco-Biosystems, Attn: Returns, 5721 Mira Grande, El Paso, TX 79912. The purchase price of the item you bought will be refunded in full, along with return shipping cost.
Animal/bird rescue organizations and individuals wishing to resell Oxyganic, please use Contact Us page to receive detailed information!
We ship USPS Flat Rate/Priority Mail, Arrives in 2-3 days.
Oxyganic® is concentrated, please read usage for type of pet.


EYE OF SCIENCE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY EYE OF SCIENCE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Compost heap bacteria. Coloured scanning electron micrograph of bacteria covering the surface of a piece of decomposing leaf on a compost heap. Compost is made by allowing a heap of vegetable trimmings, non-seeding weed plants and grass mowings to degrade. The resulting brown, crumbly compost is dug into soil to provide plants with nutrients. Here, only very decomposed leaf material around the dividing walls remains. The surface is covered by various coccal (spherical) and rod-shaped saprophytic bacteria. These bacteria feed on the dead leaf, breaking it down into its constituent elements. Magnification: x1,000 at 6x6cm size.
Model release not required. Property release not required.


Ghirardelli® Milk Chocolate Caramel Brownie Squares
Unwrap Ghirardelli® Milk Chocolate Caramel Brownie Squares for moments of luxurious indulgence. Ghirardelli Squares add a sweet touch to your day on their own and offer a delicious twist to s'mores and other desserts for something special. Luscious caramel fills the slow-melting, creamy milk chocolate. Individually wrapped milk chocolate caramel brownie squares are easy to share or enjoy one at a time. Premium ingredients, including sustainably sourced cocoa beans, are part of the Ghirardelli difference: a commitment to ultimate quality. GHIRARDELLI Makes Life a Bite Better.
- Discover the Ghirardelli Difference
- Made with high-quality ingredients for a delicious treat
- Made with high-quality ingredients, including sustainably sourced cocoa beans
Sugar, whole milk powder, cocoa butter, corn syrup, unsweetened chocolate, sweetened condensed milk (milk, sugar), palm oil, beet syrup, butter (cream, salt), natural flavor, soy lecithin, sodium citrate, sea salt, extracts of oregano, flaxseed, plum, and green tea (to preserve freshness), salt, vanilla extract.
Contains Soybean and its Derivatives,Milk and its Derivatives. May contain Tree Nuts and Their Derivatives.
Actual product packaging and materials may contain additional and/or different ingredient, nutritional, or proper usage information than the information displayed on our website. You are responsible ... Read More


What is Platelet disorders?
Platelets are essential for the purpose of maintaining optimum thickness of the blood. If the number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding may occur and if the number of platelets is too high thrombosis or clotting of the blood may occur. Thrombosis or clotting of the blood may obstruct the blood vessels resulting in various diseases such as: Strokes, Paralysis Heat attack etc.
Questions and answers on "Platelet disorders"
Health resources related to Platelet disorders
- Symptoms of platelet disorders
- Qualitative platelet disorders causes
- Platelet disorders causes
- Symptoms of qualitative platelet disorders
- Types of platelet disorders
- Diagnosis of platelet disorders
- Drugs/medication for platelet disorders
- Diagnosis of qualitative platelet disorders
- Drugs/medication for qualitative platelet disorders
- Treatment and cure for platelet disorders


Double percs are awesome because they work twice as hard in cooling and filtering smoke. It gives the smoothest hits, which is a huge advantage for those who cough whenever they use their bong. If you’re one of those who are scratching their heads thinking, “how am I going to get all that gunk out from a double perc?” read on. We’ve got some easy steps that will help you how to clean a double perc bong easily.
First off, the materials to get your bong sparkling clean. You’re going to need:
Bong cleaning solution
95% isopropyl alcohol with salt, or any bong cleaner. The alcohol is for melting off any hard residue, and the salt is your agitator or scrubber. Alcohol is really effective in melting down resin, and the salt is good enough scrub light to moderate residue. Use fine salt like kosher or table salt if you have light to moderate buildup as well as delicate parts or tubes. Sea salt is bigger, coarser, and can be used for moderate to heavy buildup, or if you don’t have small parts to consider. You can also microwave the alcohol for 20 seconds to warm it up. Place it inside a non-reactive microwave-safe bowl to prevent problems.
However, if you’re worried about scratching your bong as well as using chemicals, you could try Piece Water, Klear Kryptonite, BongFresh, or Grundge Off. These brands are known for efficient cleaning while being environment-friendly at the same time. Of the four, only Grundge Off has no scrubbing power. It’s more of a soaking solution, perfect for moderate to heavy buildup. If your percs, downstem, or bowl got clogged, you can use Grundge Off to loosen the debris.
You need either all, some, or just one of these cleaning tools depending on how dirty your bong is:
Pipe cleaners – for the slide or stem. Get a thick flexible one if you have a bong that has a fixed downstem that has thick and tough residue in it.
Cleaning magnets – highly advisable if you have a small sink or area to shake your bong for cleaning. You can get a small disc magnet and glue a thin piece of a soft sponge or scouring pad on one surface. Do note that the coarseness of the scrubber and the surface of the magnet can scratch your bong. Use it only when your bong is really dirty. Not recommended to plop inside the perc chamber if you have tree-arm percs or other delicate percs.
Toothpick or Q-tips – for getting resin out of the bowl.
Stoppers – this can be anything from cling wraps with rubber bands, or silicone bong caps such as Res Caps® or Glass Grips. Cleaners can be corrosive on the skin, which is natural since they have to be potent enough to cut through the thick resin. Putting on stoppers helps keep your thumb safe and lessens the mess and difficulty of shaking your bong. These caps come in various sizes to fit the stem and mouth of your bong for secure, leak-free cleaning.
Dish or bowl – to catch all that alcohol or cleaning solution for proper disposal. You can also use the same solution to soak your bong bowl or downstem.
Ziplock bag – for soaking your bong bowl and downstem.
Warm running water – to get all that cleaning solution out of the bong.
Bong showing Klear Kryptonite cleaning solution
How to clean a double perc bong
Double perc bongs, especially tree arm percs, are challenging to clean because the percs have negative pressure that keeps the water from falling completely down the water chamber below. Here’s what you can do to go around that issue and clean your bong effectively.
When your bong is cool enough, take out the bowl and downstem (if removable), and rinse it with warm water. This will help dislodge any ash left behind from the previous session. Rinse out every area of the bong and then dump out the water. Do the same with the bowl and downstem.
Place your bong on a flat, even surface. Make sure you don’t have anything around that you can knock over, and you have plenty of room to move around. Place the bowl and downstem inside a Ziploc bag.
It’s time to take out your cleaning solution. There’s no set up necessary when you decide to use alcohol and salt. If you’re using commercial cleaning solutions, be sure to prepare it according to package instructions for it to be effective.
Pour alcohol through the mouthpiece and continue until the alcohol falls inside the perc bellow as well as the water chamber. You can also add more through the stem if there’s not enough alcohol inside the water chamber. You don’t need to use too much alcohol for cleaning, though. Pour just enough so that it covers almost half of the percs, and a third of the stem of the water chamber. Add salt through the mouthpiece as and stem, and use just enough based on how dirty your bong is. Push the salt to the second chamber by blowing through the mouthpiece. You can cup your hands around it to prevent tasting nasty alcohol. Check to see if all of the chambers have alcohol and salt in them. Do the same if you’re using a cleaning solution minus the salt.
Place the bowl and the downstem inside a Ziplock bag. Pour enough cleaning solution so that the pieces are fully submerged. If you’re using alcohol, add a generous amount of salt to help scrub out the residue. Seal the bag and set aside and soak the pieces for 5-15 mins.
Shaking and scrubbing
Cap the openings of the perc bong, and shake the bong so that the solution swishes around the percs. For light to moderate buildup, soak the bong for 5-15 minutes.
Once you’re done soaking, it’s time to shake the bong once again. Shake and shake vigorously so that the solution reaches every single inch of the bong, about 2-5 minutes. Pay close attention to the dirtiest parts, which are commonly the slide and the percs. We know we’ve been saying this over and over, but we’ll say it again. Be careful with the arms of the tree perc. Some have had the unfortunate experience of breaking down an arm or two due to vigorous shaking.
Keep shaking for until you see the bong is clean. Thin or new residue (meaning you just used your bong and only for a short while) is easy to remove after several minutes of shaking.
Now that you’ve loosened up the residue, you can now easily scrub off stuck resin within the walls of your bong. Using a pipe cleaner, carefully and firmly scrub off the resin from the glass. Be careful not to poke on the percs as most of them are delicate. Keep the brush within the neck of the smoke chamber, slide, and water chamber of the bong. If your bong has an inline perc, use small and flexible pipe cleaners only if needed.
Once you’ve got your bowl clean, dump your cleaning solution from the base. Then cup your hands around the mouthpiece and blow through the bong. This will force the solution from the percs down to the water chamber. Do not invert and shake the bong to get the solution out of the percs. Some have broken a bong or two this way. Pour out the cleaning solution again from the stem.
Check to see if you still need some final brushings. Rinse the bong with warm water to get any remaining residue out, as well as the solution. Rinse thoroughly so that you won’t inhale any toxic chemicals that can ruin the taste of your hits as well as harm your lungs.
Take the Ziplock bag of the bowl and downstem. Grip the two pieces together firmly and shake it for 2-3 minutes to take out the resin. Take the pieces out from the bag and use a pipe cleaner to scrub out the thick resin. Rinse the bowl and downstem thoroughly as you did with the bong to take out any remaining cleaning solution.
Using magnets to clean your bong is convenient and easy. You need a pair so you have a magnet for scrubbing and another for manipulating the magnet. Disc magnets are perfect for this purpose. Insert one in cloth or scrubber, and bond the other one to a wooden or glass cylinder. Just be careful when you use this because there’s a possibility of your bong getting scratched.
Drop the scrubbing magnet carefully inside the stem of the double perc bong.
Using the other magnet “catch” the scrubber and sweep over the bong, until you clean off every resin from inside the water chamber and slide.
Once you’re done, carefully sweep the magnet until it reaches the lip of your bong slide. Keeping the bond between the two magnets, reach in and take out the scrubber.
If you got a micro disc magnet, you could use that to clean the inside of your bowl as well.
Cleaning off thick resin buildup
If your double perc bong is really dirty, soak it overnight. If you have Grundge off, forget the salt then cover the percs and chambers in the bong with the solution as suggested.
Cap the double perc bong and shake the solution throughout the pipe, then to soak.
For hard to remove stains, you can use cleaning magnets or pipe cleaners to clean inside the bong. Be gentle when you’re using pipes to prevent breaking the stem and the smoke chamber.
Dump out the alcohol or Grunge Off from the water chamber in a receptacle. If the alcohol does not look too dirty, you can still use it for another session. Place the bong on an even surface and cup your hands around the mouthpiece. Blow through it to force the cleaning solution from the percs down the water chamber.
Use pipe cleaners to or magnets to remove any stuck resin. Rinse the bong thoroughly.
General tips for cleaning a double perc bong
How do you know that you’ve rinsed off the alcohol or solution? You’ve washed your bong well if you don’t smell any trace of chemicals in your bong. If you still smell even a hint, wash off again. You can never be too careful since you’ll be dragging that chemical along with the smoke down your lungs.
Wait for the bong to cool down a bit to prevent thermal expansion, especially if you had a pretty long and enjoyable session with it. You don’t want to crack your bong in the process by shocking it down. In the same note, do not boil your bong as others do. Unless your double perc bong is really, really clogged with resin, boiling is not an option. The thermal shock will shorten the lifespan of your bong and can cause cracks and breakage. It’s better to spend time soaking and cleaning the bong repeatedly to get the clog out.
Clean the bong immediately after use, especially if you had quite a long session with it. Dirt and resin are easier to remove because they don’t have time to harden and stick to the bong. Not to mention keeping a dirty bong harbors bacteria that leads to lung complications. The dirtier the bong, the harder it is to clean. If you wait for a while before cleaning the bong, it’s going to be harder to maintain also.
Don’t do this near an open flame! Alcohol and other cleaning solutions are highly flammable. You can seriously burn yourself if the alcohol catches fire. Always use the microwave to warm the alcohol but only for several seconds. The more you wash your bong, the cleaner your bong will be. Some cleaning solutions are designed to keep your bong sparkling clean. You can also add a bit of lemon juice to the final rinsing water to create an acidic film inside the bong that will prevent the resin from sticking too hard.
Now you know the steps to do to keep your tree perc bong sparkling clean. You can choose between the traditional method of using alcohol and salt, commercial cleaning solutions, and other cleaning tools.


The Science of Healthy Buildings
Healthy buildings are buildings that prioritize the quality of indoor environments. They bring together data science, machine learning, and best-in-class technology to facilitate connectivity and visibility. These buildings address key criteria, such as air quality and ventilation, to optimize indoor shared spaces.
Did you know humans spend 90% of their lives indoors?
Indoor environments are humans’ natural habitats. We spend 90% of our life indoors,
breathing mostly indoor air up to 20,000 times a day. What are we doing to make our
natural habitats - indoor environments - healthier shared spaces?
There are invisible risks present in indoor environments
In order to protect indoor spaces from harmful microorganisms, it's critical to address all vectors of transmission: air, surfaces, and person-to-person contact. A key mitigation strategy is to implement the CDC's guidelines regarding layered strateagies and hierarchies of controls. A multi-layered approach to environmental safety ensures that indoor environments are safer for occupants and avoids dependence on human behavior alone. As a sustainable, effective disinfection solution, UV-C can play a key role in a layered strategy for achieving indoor environmental quality.
How UV-C works
Ultraviolet (UV) light is light with a wavelength between 10 and 400 nanometers (nm). This light is not visible to the human eye. UV light has three sub-types: UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C.
Of the three types of UV light, UV-C has the shortest wavelength (100 or 200 - 280 nm). Consequently, UV-C light cannot pass through Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, it is germicidal or deadly to organisms on Earth because they have not been naturally exposed to it.
UV-C light inactivates microorganisms by penetrating their cell walls and disrupting the replication of their genetic material. This disruption causes molecular lesions or dimers to form in their DNA. These dimers or lesions are covalent linkages between consecutive bases along a DNA strand rather than across a strand, and their presence prevents replication.
UV-C can inactivate harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, mold, and mildew.
UV-C as a general disinfection method is recommended by
the world’s leading health organizations
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Chicken 65 is a favorite dish for most of us. We can have it as a snack, starter, side dish..
Chicken – 750 Gm – small pieces cut with bones.
Corn flour – 2 tbs
Rice flour – 1 tbs
Gram flour – 1/2 tbs
Chilly powder – 3 tap
Turmeric powder – 1/4 tsp
Coriander powder – 1 tsp
Salt – 1 tsp
Pepper powder – 1 tsp
Ginger garlic paste – 1 tsp
Thick fresh curd – 2 tsp
Lemon juice – 1 tsp
Egg – 1
Oil to fry.
Onion and lemon slices to serve.
Wash the chicken, squeeze the water and keep it dry.
Mix all flours, salt all Powders as shown. Add ginger garlic paste, curd, lemon juice, egg and mix well again to a paste. Don’t add any water.
Add chicken to the paste and coat well. Keep it aside for 1 hour.
Deep fry as shown in batches.
Serve it with onions and lemon slices.
Try this easy method once, you will definitely like this and always repeat this method.
For more of recipes in Gowri Samayalarai :
Visit : http://gowrisamayalarai.com/
Subscribe : https://www.youtube.com/c/gowrisamayalarai


Tattoo Pigment Ink Mixer Machine Tool 100 Mixing Sticks Supply Set
100% brand new and high quality
This product is for tattoo use.
2 AA 1.5V batteries are need (not included in the package)
An efficient way to mix colors together by pressing the button
Sticks are only one time use, clean and sanitary
1x Ink Mixer + 100 PCS Mixing Sticks


To replace thick ITO single layer electrodes, ZnSnO (ZTO)/Ag/indium tin oxide (ITO) multilayer films were investigated as a function of Ag layer thickness. The ZTO/Ag/ITO films showed maximum transmittance in the range of 79.4-89.2%, depending on the Ag layer thickness. The relationship between transmittance and Ag thickness was simulated using the scattering matrix method to understand the high transmittance. As the Ag thickness increases from 6 to 14 nm, the carrier concentration increases from 4.12 × 1021 to 1.11 × 1022 cm-3 and the mobility increases from 8.14 to 17.4 cm2/V s. The ZTO (20 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/ITO (30 nm) multilayer films had a sheet resistance of 9 Ω/sq. The ZTO/Ag/ITO multilayer had Haacke's figure of merit of 28.3 × 10-3 Ω-1. The ZTO/Ag/ITO films deposited on PET substrates showed dramatically improved mechanical flexibility when subjected to bending test compared to 60 nm-thick ITO single layer electrodes.
- Transparent conducting electrode
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering


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handcrafted of rose gold-tone metal, our rock solid linear earrings are embellished with custom-cut faceted crystals in the shape of one of our all-time favorite shapes: a heart. we gave them titanium posts so they're safe for even the most sensitive ears.
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The liver is susceptible to such oxidative and metabolic stresses as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and fatty acid accumulation. Probiotics are viable microorganisms that restore the gut microbiota and exert a beneficial effect on the liver by inhibiting bacterial enzymes, stimulating immunity, and protecting intestinal permeability. We evaluated Lactobacillus paracasei F19 (LP-F19), for its potential protective effect, in an experimental model of I/R (30 min ischemia and 60 min reperfusion) in rats fed a standard diet or a steatogen [methionine/choline-deficient (MCD)] diet. Both groups consisted of 7 sham-operated rats, 10 rats that underwent I/R, and 10 that underwent I/R plus 8 wk of probiotic dietary supplementation. In rats fed a standard diet, I/R induced a decrease in sinusoid perfusion (P < 0.001), severe liver inflammation, and necrosis besides an increase of tissue levels of malondialdehyde (P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1beta (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P < 0.001) and of serum levels of transaminase (P < 0.001) and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.001) vs. sham-operated rats. I/R also induced a decrease in Bacterioides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus spps (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively) and an increase in Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) on intestinal mucosa. The severity of liver and gut microbiota alterations induced by I/R was even greater in rats with liver inflammation and steatosis, i.e., MCD-fed animals. LP-F19 supplementation significantly reduced the harmful effects of I/R on the liver and on gut microbiota in both groups of rats, although the effect was slightly less in MCD-fed animals. In conclusion, LP-F19 supplementation, by restoring gut microbiota, attenuated I/R-related liver injury, particularly in the absence of steatosis.
|Autori:||Nardone, Gerardo; Compare, Debora; Liguori, Eleonora; Di Mauro, Valentina; Rocco, Alba; Barone, Michele; Napoli, Anna; Lapi, Dominga; Rosaria Iovene, Maria; Colantuoni, Antonio|
|Titolo:||Protective effects of Lactobacillus paracasei F19 in a rat model of oxidative and metabolic hepatic injury|
|Anno del prodotto:||2010|
|Digital Object Identifier (DOI):||10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2010|
|Appare nelle tipologie:||1.1 Articolo in rivista|


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Hitachi High-Tech Science
Jiangsu Skyray instrument
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