Hitachi Cable, Ltd. Business Report FY2009
|(in millions of JPY)|
|Wires and cables|
|Sales||181,810||253,028||(28.1)||-Although sales of winding wires were on the road to recovery, especially in the electric components segment that includes products for hybrid cars, total sales decreased.|
|Sales||139,510||177,822||(21.5)||-In the automotive components business, the Company enjoyed brisk sales of in-car sensors. Brake hoses, its mainstay products, also headed for a recovery in the second half as a result of customers adjusting their current inventories. However, total sales decreased due to flagging sales in the first two quarters.|
Recent Developments in Japan-The Company announced that it has started commercial production of crude-processed, rolled copper foil, which is used in products such as negative electrode collectors of lithium-ion batteries. Prior to the production launch, the Company installed new surface treatment equipment at its Tsuchiura plant, ensuring a monthly production volume of 500,000 square meters. Rolled copper foil is made by rolling cast copper ingots. The material, which offers improved flexing properties and intensity than electrolytic copper foil, is also used in flexible printed-circuit boards. Installation of the surface finishing facility will expand the Company's rolled copper foil business, enhancing its product quality and cost competitiveness through the integrated production structure. The Company, which offers a wide variety of rolled copper foil including that made of oxygen-free copper and high strength copper alloy, will further expand its lineup by responding to the surface finishing requirements of each customer. (From an article in the Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun on Dec. 2, 2009)
Recent Developments outside Japan<USA>
-The Company is set to step up reforming its operational structure centered on the automotive business sector. Consolidation of manufacturing facilities in North America for automotive brake hoses and wire harnessed planned for fiscal 2011 will be moved up to the first half of fiscal 2010, reducing the number of North American production bases from 5 to 3. The Company is focusing its management resources on development of power supply harnesses for hybrid vehicles in expectation of future growth of demand with the aim of raising profitability of high performance materials business for automotive related products. The company now has production bases in Indiana, Florida and Mexico. Manufacture of brake hoses and wire harnesses at two locations in Indiana will be ceased and be switched to production of high performance products like large capacity power supply harnesses used for hybrids and electric vehicles. It considers the decline in demand already hit the bottom during the 3rd and 4th quarters in 2008. (From an article in the Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun on May 14, 2009)
-The Company announced that it has offloaded part of its stake in Thai Wire & Cable Services Co., Ltd., its joint-venture company in Thailand. The shares were transferred to Hayakawa Densen, its joint-venture partner, and Thai Wire & Cable Services no longer operates as the Company's affiliate under the equity method. The joint venture company manufactures and processes wires and wire parts for electronic devices. Before the share transaction, the Company and Hayakawa Densen each owned forty-five percent of the Thai company's shares. The Company has sold a 37 percent share to Hayakawa, which reduced the percentage of its shareholding to 8 percent. The Company, which is suffering from the impact of the rapidly deteriorating economy, has decided to sell off its shares in line with its initiatives to streamline its operations. (From an article in the Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun on Mar. 29, 2009)
>>>Financial Forecast for the Next Fiscal Year (Sales, Operating Income etc.)
|(in millions of JPY)|
|Wires and cables||1,404||1,500||1,628|
R&D Structure-The Company conducts its R&D activities at its technical headquarters (technical center) and at the development departments in its business headquarters.
-Maintains close cooperation and collaboration with R&D centers in the Hitachi Group, of course including Hitachi itself. On occasion, it conducts joint research with R&D centers operated by its customers and the government.
R&D Activities<High-performance Material Division(automotive component field)>
-Research and development of automotive hoses including brake hoses and power steering hoses, electronic components, and components for information devices.
Halogen-free, 150-degree-heat-resistant harnesses for use in hybrid electric vehicles
-The Company announced on April 8 that it has developed a heat-resistant power harness made from non-halogen materials. The non-halogen product is designed for hybrid electric vehicles, as restrictions on environmentally hazardous substances are becoming tighter also in these next-generation cars in line with rising demand for eco-friendly vehicles. The cables of the new harness are coated with halogen-less material with heat-resistant attributes, which were developed by incorporating its proprietary compounding technology. These cables meet the requirements for non-halogen products, which do not contain any chlorine and bromine, while achieving an allowable temperature limit of 150 degrees Celsius, the highest ever for non-halogen power harnesses for the hybrid application. Even with non-halogen coating, the cables offer both superior flexibility and heat resistant property. The connector unit features a two-piece structure consisting of a copper alloy part and a stainless spring. A newly developed housing unit made from aluminum alloy enables the compact harness to offer improved power distribution and greater vibration resistance performances. (From an article in the Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun on Apr. 9, 2009)
High-strength, high-temperature-resistant rolled copper foil
-The Company announced that it has developed a high-strength, high-temperature-resistant rolled copper foil for use in next-generation lithium-ion secondary batteries, using alloys such as silicon alloys as the negative-electrode active material. The new technology also offers a 10 percent improvement in battery life. Possible applications of the new material include mobile devices as well as hybrid vehicle and other automotive products. (From an article in the Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun on Jan. 6, 2010)
|(in millions of JPY)|
|Wires and cables||5,603||10,087||7,819|
Wires and Cables Division
-The Company invested mainly to streamline and improve its facilities producing insulated wires and industrial cables.
High-performance materials Division
-The Company invested mainly to improve its facilities producing semiconductor package materials and copper and brass products.


The system is used to accurately blend, mix, and formulate recipes made of powders and other dry ingredients inside stainless steel intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) that are equipped with patented cone valve technology. The IBC blending system is designed to quickly and accurately blend a variety of dry ingredients, such as powders, tablets, granules, pellets, seasonings, flavorings, food coatings, pharmaceuticals, and more.
IBCs are large, reusable containers that are commonly used to store and transport a variety of dry bulk materials. They are typically made of stainless steel or plastic and are equipped with a valve or spout for discharging the contents. The patented cone valve technology likely allows for precise control over the flow of material from the IBC, enabling the system to accurately blend and mix ingredients to precise formulations.
IBC blending systems are commonly used in industries such as food processing, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals to efficiently mix and formulate a wide range of dry bulk materials. They can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the blending process, as they are able to handle large volumes of material and can operate with minimal human intervention.


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The extracellular colorants produced by Chlorociboria aeruginosa, Scytalidium
cuboideum, and Scytalidium ganodermophthorum, three commonly utilized spalting fungi,
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Fungal colorants were...


SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL -
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Chemically modified sugarcane bagasse as a biosorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution


Creation of Ovalbumin Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Bio-based materials are a viable alternative to synthetic materials for tissue engineering. Although many bio-based materials have been used, Ovalbumin (OA) has not yet been researched to create 3D structures that promote cellular responses.
Micro-porous scaffolds are a promising construct for bone tissue regeneration; therefore OA crosslinked with three different concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%) of glutaraldehyde (GA) was used in this research. After fabrication, a porous morphology was observed using SEM. Average pore sizes were found to be comparable to scaffolds previously shown to promote cellular response. A TNBS assay determined percent crosslinking in the scaffolds, however there was no significant difference in percent crosslinking despite differing GA concentrations used. Possible explanations include an excess of GA was used.
Using DSC, a glass transition temperature (Tg) was found for control indicating the scaffolds are amorphous. Average dry and wet compressive strengths were also found. As expected, differing GA concentrations had no significant effect on Tg and average compressive strengths due to an excess used. Scaffolds were mechanically tested at 37°C with no significant difference found; therefore these scaffolds can be used in the body.
It was shown through cell studies that MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cells significantly increased in number on the 10% and 15% scaffolds, therefore cell proliferation occurred. Because of a positive cellular response, 10% GA scaffolds were used for differentiation studies that showed an increase in osteocalcin at 21 days and alkaline phosphatase levels for scaffolds cultured for 14 days. Overall OA scaffolds have shown to be a promising 3D construct for bone tissue regeneration.


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|Publication number||US5955045 A|
|Application number||US 08/874,662|
|Publication date||Sep 21, 1999|
|Filing date||Jun 13, 1997|
|Priority date||Jun 14, 1996|
|Also published as||CA2205739A1, DE19623791A1, EP0834344A2, EP0834344A3|
|Publication number||08874662, 874662, US 5955045 A, US 5955045A, US-A-5955045, US5955045 A, US5955045A|
|Inventors||Karl Baur, Hans-Peter Langebach, Hartmut Neumann, Ulrike Wenning|
|Original Assignee||Linde Aktiengesellschaft|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (4), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
______________________________________Saturated hydrocarbon (C1-C3) 45-65 mol %Unsaturated hydrocarbon (C2-C3) 15-25 mol %Higher hydrocarbon 1-10 mol %H2 15-20 mol %N2 5-10 mol %CO 0-2 mol %O2 500-2000 mol ppmH2 S 20-100 mol ppmNH3 5-20 mol ppmAsH3 0.01-0.5 mol ppmNOx <5 mol ppm______________________________________ Traces of CO2, COS, SOx, HCN, Mercaptans, Chloride.
This invention relates to a process for selectively removing nitrogen oxides from a carrier gas that contains hydrocarbons.
The need to remove nitrogen oxides from such gases exists, for example, in the case of an ethylene unit designed to process olefins from an FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking) unit. In the FCC unit, the carbon to carbon bonds of long-chain hydrocarbons are cleared, so as to produce the desired light olefins. When regeneration of the FCC catalyst is conducted with air, there are produced nitrogen oxides, such as NO and NO2. In addition, free oxygen is present. Especially at low temperatures of below 0° C., such as occur in, for example, the low-temperature portion of an ethylene unit, NO reacts with the oxygen that is always present at least in traces so as to form N2 O3 having a boiling point of-102° C. and into N2 O4 having a boiling point at -11° C. These nitrogen oxides can react with olefinic hydrogens having conjugated double bonds, for example with butadiene, with the formation of explosive resins which accumulate in the low-temperature separation of the olefin unit. These problems are described in detail in the publication: H. Bauer, Noncryogenic and Safe Demethanization of FCC Off Gases, Linde Reports on Science and Technology, 55, (1995), pages 15-18.
In addition, the formation of NO in an FCC unit cannot be avoided at an economically reasonable cost. Previously known are non-cryogenic processes for extracting olefinic hydrocarbons by absorption in scrubbing agents; such processes, however, require expensive analytical and operational procedures to avoid the build-up of explosive resins, whereby an additional necessary investment in apparatus increases the cost of the process. Conversely, heretofore a process for selectively separating nitrogen oxides from FCC residual gases was unknown.
An object of the invention is therefore to selectively remove nitrogen oxides from gas that contains hydrocarbon, for example, from FCC waste gas. Another object is to be able to provide cryogenic processes for olefin extraction after the nitrogen oxides are removed.
Upon further study of the specification and appended claims, further objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
The objects are achieved according to the invention by a process in which the nitrogen oxides are removed by chemisorption on metal oxides.
In principal, the removal of nitrogen oxides from gases is known in the art. In the publication Hamid Arastoopour and Hossein Hariri, NOx Removal with High-Capacity Metal Oxides in the Presence of Oxygen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1981, 20, pages 223-228, a process is described for purifying flue gases. Gases with a high oxygen content of 3% and a high nitrogen monoxide concentration of 680 mol ppm in the presence of water vapor with manganese dioxide as a sorbent are studied, and under these conditions a relatively low level of sorption is achieved. The sorbent is regenerated thermally at 500° C. The chemisorption of nitrogen monoxide on manganese dioxide is attributed to the following chemical reaction equation:
MnO2 +2NO+O2 ←→Mn(NO3)2
with equilibrium at high temperatures being shifted to the left-hand side of the equation, thereby making thermal regeneration possible.
In addition to the reaction that is mentioned in Arastoopour, the following chemical reaction of the manganese dioxide with nitrogen dioxide is also possible:
MnO2 +2NO2 ←→Mn(NO3)2
According to DE 3520024, laid open Dec. 4, 1986, MnO2 is a catalyst for reduction processes as well.
One skilled in the art previously did not consider testing a gas that contains hydrocarbons, especially olefins, together with hydrogen, in a reactor with MnO2 since the catalytic action of MnO2 would make it likely that the unsaturated hydrocarbons would be hydrogenated. Also, the heat of reaction of trace components, such as carbon monoxide for example, reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, can result in uncontrollable and undesirable reactions. Laboratory tests with catalyst T 2525 from the Sudchemie dchemie Company, which consists of MnO2 on aluminum oxide, and with other MnO2 -containing catalysts with another carrier, e.g., silicon dioxide, lead to the surprising result that traces of NO are adsorbed at high yields without the expected undesirable secondary chemical reactions, i.e., without CO being oxidized to CO2, or hydrocarbon to H2 O and CO2.
The carrier gas preferably also contains traces of oxygen, especially between 1000 and 5000 mol ppm, since oxygen promotes the chemisorption of nitrogen oxides. Surprisingly, 0.3 mol % of oxygen does not lead to any secondary reactions. This is unexpected since MnO2 is known to one skilled in the art as a catalyst for hydrocarbon oxidation, even at temperatures below 100° C.
The removal of nitrogen oxides from an olefin-rich refinery waste gas represents an especially preferred use. This use is advantageous when, for example, nitrogen is removed from FCC off-gases from a refinery since these gases have a high proportion of valuable hydrocarbon products. Representative FCC off-gases have the following composition
______________________________________Saturated hydrocarbon (C1-C3) 45-65 mol %Unsaturated hydrocarbon (C2-C3) 15-25 mol %Higher hydrocarbon 1-10 mol %H2 15-20 mol %N2 5-10 mol %CO 0-2 mol %O2 500-2000 mol ppmH2 S 20-100 mol ppmNH3 5-20 mol ppmAsH3 0.01-0.5 mol ppmNOx <5 mol ppm______________________________________ Traces of CO2, COS, SOx, HCN, Mercaptans, Chloride
In the process according to the invention, metal oxides, especially orders of metals of the 6th to 8th subgroups of the periodic system which can form a nitrate, e.g., Mn, Cr, Co and Ni, particularly commercial catalysts, can be advantageously used. Of these, MnO2 has proved to be the most efficient; thus, the catalysts preferably contain manganese dioxide or a support, for example, in granular form that is coated with manganese dioxide. In the reactor bed that is traversed by the process gas, chemisorption of the nitrogen oxides on MnO2 occurs, which in this case forms Mn(NO3)2. The reactor bed must therefore be regenerated before breakthrough of the nitrogen oxides. For this purpose, the reactor bed is advantageously flushed with an inert warm gas, preferably nitrogen, at a temperature of 100 to 300° C., preferably 130 to 170° C. Crushed catalyst particles, leading to a higher specific surface, permit longer on stream times before regeneration.
For the chemisorption step, an operating temperature of between 5 and 100° C. is advantageous, with a temperature of between 10 and 40° C. being especially advantageous. The preferred pressure is between 1 and 50 bar. The preferred space velocity is between 300 and 12,000 h-1, with the especially preferred velocity being between 500 and 8,000 h-1.
The particular apparatus for removing nitrogen oxides from gases depends on the boundary conditions of the application. To remove traces of nitrogen oxides on the order of below 0.1 mol ppm, or if nitrogen oxides occur in the carrier gas only sporadically or if correspondingly long breaks in operation so allow, a single reactor bed can advantageously be used.
If continuous operation is necessary, at least two interchangeable reactor beds are advantageously used. At least one reactor bed provides the function of chemisorption while the reactor bed or other reactor beds are being regenerated. Before breakthrough, the reactor beds are switched so that continuous removal of nitrogen oxides is made possible.
It is contemplated that the present invention is applicable to all hydrocarbon gases for the elimination of NOx even when the NOx is present in a concentration of less than 1 mol ppm, in view of the high selectivity of MnO2 for the chemisorption of NOx.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description, can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In the foregoing and in the following examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are mol fractions.
Utilizing a catalyst from the Sudchemie Company, Type 2525 MnO2 on Al2 O3, laboratory tests were conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure on the following gas:
______________________________________Space velocity 4000 h-1NO content 20 mol ppbO2 content 520 mol ppmsaturated C1 -C3hydrocarbons about 70 mol %H2 25 mol %CO 2 mol %remainder N2______________________________________
An NO removal rate of 85% was achieved even after an operating time of more than 130 hours.
Similar tests with ethylene and propylene instead of saturated hydrocarbons result in the same NO removal rate as in Example 1. No secondary reactions owing to oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons or hydrogenation of olefins were noted.
All tests for adsorption of nitrogen oxides were carried out at atmospheric pressure and at a space velocity of about 4000 h-1. The use of higher pressures would probably improve the removal of nitrogen oxides.
For the details of downstream cryogenic separations of NO-depleted hydrocarbon streams, see the aforementioned references as well as Netzer, D., "Economically recover olefins from FCC off-gases,"Hydrocarbon Processing, April 1997, and the literature and bibliography cited therein, and in particular to the flowsheet of FIG. 2 and the description thereof on pages 16 and 17 of Bauer, Linde Reports on Science and Technology, 55, (1995), pages 15-18.
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
The entire disclosure of all applications, patents and publications, cited above, and of corresponding German No. 196 23 791.2, are hereby incorporated by reference.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US3840642 *||Mar 23, 1972||Oct 8, 1974||Chemical Construction Corp||Process and catalyst for treating combustion exhaust gas|
|US4692318 *||Mar 6, 1986||Sep 8, 1987||Amoco Corporation||Process for simultaneously removing nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulates|
|EP0614692A1 *||May 2, 1991||Sep 14, 1994||Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.,||Catalysts and methods for denitrization|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US20150267131 *||Nov 7, 2013||Sep 24, 2015||Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.||NOx Removal Method|
|CN104797693A *||Nov 7, 2013||Jul 22, 2015||埃克森美孚化学专利公司||NOx removal method|
|WO2005011847A1 *||Jul 28, 2004||Feb 10, 2005||Enviroscrub Technologies Corporation||Metal oxide processing methods and systems|
|WO2014078153A1||Nov 7, 2013||May 22, 2014||Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.||Nox removal method|
|U.S. Classification||423/239.1, 585/824, 208/254.00R|
|International Classification||C10G70/04, C07C7/148, B01D53/56|
|Cooperative Classification||C10G70/046, C07C7/1485, B01D53/565|
|European Classification||B01D53/56D, C07C7/148D4, C10G70/04P|
|Jan 5, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BAUR, KARL;LANGEBACH, HANS-PETER;NEUMANN, HARTMUT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008912/0585
Effective date: 19971210
|Apr 9, 2003||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Sep 22, 2003||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Nov 18, 2003||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20030921


Glycomimetics are carbohydrate analogs with altered physical, physiological and/or biological properties based on structural changes compared to the respective parent compounds. Iminosugars are glycomimetics with the ring oxygen being replaced by a basic trivalent nitrogen, which are very well known for their manifold applications as tools and therapeutics based on their interactions with glycoside processing enzymes. Representatives of this compound class find application in the elucidation of enzyme mechanisms and disease pathways. For therapeutic purposes they are employed, for example, for the treatment of diabetes Type 2 (Miglitol®) and Gaucher disease Type 1 (Miglustat®). Other representatives have immunoregulating properties and anti-bacterial properties. Furthermore, some are considered to have potential for therapeutic disease management of Alzheimer’s as well as Parkinson disease. Recently, glycomimetics have been introduced as probes for activity based protein profiling (ABPP) of glycoprocessing enzymes. Employing these small molecules, ABPP allows for evaluation of protein function on a global cellular level by rapid, sensitive, and selective detection and verification of protein activity rather than abundance.
Our approach towards the design and syntheses of iminosugar based glycomimetics as potential therapeutics as well as probes for activity based protein profiling of glycoprocessing enzymes will be presented.
- Compain P. Molecules 2018; 23 (7),1658. Sattin, S.; Bernardi, A. Carbohydr. Chem., 2016, 41, 1-25.
- Hekmat, O.; He, S., Warren, R. A.; Withers, S. G. J. Proteome Res. 2008, 7, 3282-3292. Jiang, J.; Beenakker, T. J. M.; Kallemeijn, W. W.; van der Marel, G. A.; van den Elst; H., Codeé, J. D. C.; Aerts, J. M. F. G.; Overkleeft, H. S. Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 10861-10869. Gandy, M. N.; Debowski, A. W.; Stubbs, K. A. Chem Commun. 2011, 47, 5037-5039.
- Willems, L. I.; Overkleeft, H. S.; Kasteren, S. I. Bioconj. Chem. 2014, 25, 1181-1191.
- Monitoring Glycans and their Interaction. Methods in Enzymology: Chemical Glycobiology Part B, Volume 598; Elsevier: 2018. Synthesis, Manipulations and Applications of Glycans. Methods in Enzymology: Chemical Glycobiology Part A., Volume 597; Elsevier: 2017.


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The nano-imaging beamline ID16A returned to full onsite user operation over 2022. New staff have been integrated, strengthening the activities in neurosciences, additive manufacturing and machine learning. The cryo- correlative workflow for cellular biology, including light fluorescence microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and X-ray phase-contrast imaging, is increasingly used. This very powerful but complex approach can now benefit from the support of the ID17 Biomedical Facility in terms of cell culture and cryo-fixation. Near-field ptychography, one of the more advanced X-ray imaging techniques of the beamlines, has become accessible for standard use thanks to a dramatic reduction of the acquisition overheads and the streamlining of the data processing using Pynx, Octave and Nabu software. Finally, the metrology of the nanopositioning end-station has been improved with the integration of five fibre-based interferometers. This leads to a better understanding of the vibration behaviour of the end-station and a gradual return to optimal performance in terms of nanofocusing.
The nano-analysis beamline ID16B offers a multi-modal approach for ex-situ and in-situ measurements. To fully exploit the properties of the EBS, we are constantly improving the detection scheme to simultaneously combine fast acquisition of 2D X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray excited optical luminescence and X-ray beam-induced current measurements. In the near future, materials science studies could also take advantage of fast X-ray diffraction detection thanks to the implementation of a new fast camera, while studies of biological samples will be aided by new cryogenic capabilities. Direct visualisation of the excited-state recombination dynamics is now possible thanks to the implementation of a streak camera, which allows the measurement of light emission kinetics. The X-ray nanotomography setup continues to be heavily used for in-situ experiments and ex-situ, multi-scale studies.
The refurbishment at ID21 is progressing well. In 2022, the procurement of the numerous mechanical, electronic, optical and detection elements of the future X-ray nanoscope was completed. The assembly of the nanoscope sub-parts is well advanced. The transfer to the beamline is planned for early 2023, and its commissioning will be scheduled over the first half of 2023. Complementing and outperforming the present X-ray microscope that will be retained for macro and micro-analyses, this new state-of- the-art instrument will offer higher lateral resolution and higher flux, from 2 to 11 keV (thanks to two KB focusing systems), better X-ray fluorescence detection capacities (with two five-element detectors), higher speed and an improved cryo-stage.


The one nutrient issue that I've run into in my ten some years growing hydroponically is the concentration issue. You can't have a liquid concentrate of hydroponic nutrient solution that delivers all the nutrients you need (at least none of the systems I've tried works as a single concentrate). The reason is that in concentrations some of the non-organic ionic compounds will change their loyalty and chemically reaction with other ions to precipitate out some of the important nutrients. This is undoubtedly a complex concentration related and perhaps pH related process as well, but take my word for it.
The result is that if you get nutrients in concentrated form but multiple solutions, there's a reason. Don't mix them in concentrated form. Instead add them separately to your diluted nutrient solution so you don't precipitate out any of the ionic compounds.
This also applies to single nutrient concentrates delivered in powered form. If you try to make life simpler by mixing them up in a concentrate they will precipitate out some of the nutrients and you'll end up with nutrient deficiencies. I know. It happened to me and I didn't realize what had happened until I read the fine print. Of course the fact that my plants were all deformed was a clue.


Non-metal self-lubricating composite materials used as supports in marine environment applications
Fabrics produced for marine environment applications are fabrics that can withstand exposure to water, salt, sun, wind and other harsh conditions.
Some of the main characteristics of fabrics for marine environment applications are:
- Waterproof: They prevent water from penetrating the fabric and protect the underlying materials from moisture damage.
- UV-resistant: They block harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun and prevent fading, cracking and deterioration of the fabric and its colors.
- Mold-resistant: They inhibit the growth of mold and mildew on the fabric and prevent odors and stains
- Durable: They resist abrasion, tearing and puncturing and can endure frequent use and washing.
- Breathable: They allow air to circulate through the fabric and prevent condensation and overheating
- Saltwater resistance: fabrics used for boat covers, sails, and other nautical products must be resistant to saltwater and marine weather conditions.
- Flexibility: fabrics must be flexible to adapt to the shape of the boat or nautical vehicle.
- Temperature resistance: fabrics must be able to withstand high or low temperatures depending on the application.
- Low shrinkage: fabrics for marine environment applications used must have low shrinkage to ensure dimensional stability after installation and use.
- Tensile strength: fabrics for the nautical sector must be highly resistant to traction to withstand strong tensions and stresses caused by wind, waves, and navigation.
- Ease of maintenance: fabrics must be easy to clean and resistant to stains and chemicals.
- Lightweight: fabrics for the nautical sector must have a low weight to ensure low impact on navigation.
- High dimensional stability: fabrics must maintain their original shape even after being subjected to stresses, tensions, and humidity.
Some examples of fabrics that are suitable for marine environment applications are sailcloth, canvas, vinyl, polyester, acrylic and olefin12. These fabrics are often used for boat covers, awnings, cushions, sails, upholstery and outdoor furniture
Non-metal self-lubricating composite materials are materials that have solid lubricants embedded in a non-metallic matrix, such as polymer, ceramic or carbon. These materials can reduce friction and wear in tribological applications under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, high speed, vacuum, radiation and corrosive environment. Some examples of these materials are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, carbon-carbon composites and alumina-matrix composites.
The fabrication methods of non-metal self-lubricating composite materials vary depending on the type of matrix and solid lubricant. Some common methods are:
Powder metallurgy: This method involves mixing the matrix and solid lubricant powders, compacting them into a desired shape and sintering them at high temperature to form a dense material. This method is suitable for ceramic and carbon matrices and solid lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tungsten disulfide (WS2) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
Melt processing: This method involves melting the matrix material and adding the solid lubricant particles into the melt, followed by casting, molding or extruding the mixture into a desired shape. This method is suitable for polymer matrices and solid lubricants such as PTFE, graphite, MoS2 and WS2.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): This method involves depositing a thin layer of solid lubricant on the surface of the matrix material by using a gas phase reaction. This method is suitable for carbon matrices and solid lubricants such as graphite and diamond-like carbon (DLC).
Surface engineering: This method involves modifying the surface of the matrix material by applying coatings or treatments that enhance its self-lubricating properties. Some examples of surface engineering techniques are plasma spraying, laser cladding, ion implantation and sol-gel coating.
fabrics for marine environment applications


A technique has been developed in Australia to combat offending odours produced by many industries, including wastewater treatment plants.
Environmental Biotechnology CRC (EBCRC) researchers at Macquarie University in Sydney and Murdoch University in Perth developed the technique, which uses a novel way to harness bacteria to biodegrade odour-causing substances.
Dr David Garman, executive director of the EBCRC, said: 'While bacteria can deal with a wide range of odours, their unreliability, poor viability and poor performance in normal biofilter systems mean that often operators prefer to use simpler chemical systems. Some of these systems are effective at masking the odours but do not remove or break them down.'
The new technique immobilises odours, which are volatilised chemical compounds at a very low concentration, onto adsorbing particles such as modified zeolites, where they are broken down using either enzymes or bacteria.
Garman added: 'Our novel odour control process has the capacity to replace currently used biofilters, which although effective in removing many odours, deteriorate over time and eventually fail, and thus require overdesign and regular media replacement. Similarly, currently available chemical systems also require regular renewal or refills.'
The technology is being developed for municipal-scale composting facilities and sewage treatment plants.
The project has recently been boosted with additional funding from Water Corporation in Western Australia. Other EBCRC Odour Control Project participants include Southern Metropolitan Regional Council (SMRC), Zeolite Australia and Odour Control Systems.


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Department: QA (Validation)
Experience: 6 to 8 years
Qualification: MSC / B Pharmacy/
Candidate having experience:
• To Lead validation team
• Review equipment, utility, process and other qualification protocol and report.
• To review cleaning validation and Continued
• Evaluate of new products in cleaning validation and media fill.
• Review risk assessment during qualification.
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To apply for this job email your details to firstname.lastname@example.org


Delivery vehicles that are able to actively seek and precisely locate targeted tissues using concentration gradients of signaling molecules have hardly been explored. The directed movement toward specific cell types of cargo-loaded polymeric nanomotors along a hydrogen peroxide concentration gradient (chemotaxis) is reported. Through self-assembly, bowl-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene nanomotors, or stomatocytes, were formed with platinum nanoparticles entrapped in the cavity while a model drug was encapsulated in the inner compartment. Directional movement of the stomatocytes in the presence of a fuel gradient (chemotaxis) was first demonstrated in both static and dynamic systems using glass channels and a microfluidic flow. The highly efficient response of these motors was subsequently shown by their directional and autonomous movement towards hydrogen peroxide secreting neutrophil cells. Chemotactic nanoparticles: Platinum-loaded polystyrene nanoparticles were shown to exhibit directional movement along hydrogen peroxide gradients in both static and flowing systems. Furthermore, the nanoparticles could encapsulate the model cancer drug doxorubicin and migrate towards hydrogen peroxide producing neutrophil cells, suggesting such nanoparticles could be used as drug delivery vehicles.
- active drug delivery


What makes hexahydrocannabinol different than THC?
HHC has shown to have an extremely high binding affinity for CB1 and CB2 Cannabinoid receptors in your body, and it is a potent cannabinoid. HHC has three chiral centers, meaning it has three different forms of it. These forms are called enantiomers, and they are essentially mirror images of each other. The three enantiomers of HHC have different effects on the body- one may increase hunger while another will reduce appetite!
Is hexahydrocannabinol Legal?
Yes, it is! Since HHC is not only a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in hemp, it’s not a THC type like Delta-8. That means HHC vapes, gummies, or edibles are perfectly legal on the federal level and will most likely remain legal on the state level as well.
- Light Corn Syrup
- Hemp Extract
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If you are looking for HHC gummies near me, you may have noticed there are a lot of different brands and options to choose from. Choosing to buy from CBD Farmhouse means you made the choice to buy from a trusted local company that is committed to improving the wellness of each customer by offering natural, organic hemp-derived products.
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HHC is a cannabinoid that is produced by the process of hydrogenation. This process involves adding a hydrogen atom to the extract from a hemp plant. It is metabolized in the body similarly to THC, and our HHC gummies provide a euphoric experience combined with the wellness benefits of hemp. HHC concentrates its effects as a head high and will create an experience similar to our Full Spectrum gummies, but slightly stronger.
The gummies themselves are made with simple ingredients such as water, pectin, and sugar, giving that exceptional sweet and tangy flavor. This is what makes gummies one of the most popular choices in edibles.
When shopping for HHC gummies near you at any online or retail outlet, be sure to review the Certificate of Analysis, also known as COA. CBD Farmhouse’s COAs are provided by a third-party independent lab to allow for complete transparency and guarantee the quality of the HHC gummies we call our own.
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Stability Testing Cincinnati, OH Stability Testing Cincinnati, OH. Medical and pharmaceutical advancement cannot exist without stability testing, and stability testing cannot be accomplished without precise, high-quality stability chambers for pharmaceutical use. Darwin Chambers has been the frontrunner in chambers for stability testing, FDA/ICH pharmaceutical storage, and many other uses in the medical and pharmaceutical industries in Cincinnati, OH. Trust none other than Darwin Chambers to provide you with top-of-the-line environmental chambers and stability testing equipment you can rely upon. Contact Darwin Chambers today to speak to a qualified specialist about your stability testing needs and the best products for you. Request a quote for the right Cincinnati, OH stability chamber model for your application, select your completely customized walk-in stability testing chamber for you Cincinnati, OH location, or speak to one of our knowledgeable associates about the right stability testing products for you. Cincinnati, OH Stability Testing Pharmaceutical stability testing is a type of testing used to establish how long a drug or product remains effective and safe for use at specific storage conditions. Stability testing is achieved by storing the material at defined conditions and testing its properties periodically. In order to achieve this vital task, pharmaceutical development and manufacturing professionals must have access to dependable and accurate Cincinnati, OH stability chambers. Darwin Chambers is your source for pharmaceutical stability chambers. What To Look For from a Stability Testing Chamber? When you work with pharmaceuticals, other medical devices, or any FDA-regulated products in Cincinnati, OH, stability testing is essential. To perform stability testing in Cincinnati, OH that adheres to strict industry standards and regulations, your operation must have two things: qualified personnel and precise stability chambers and stability rooms. Your team may have access to the best minds in your field, but that is irrelevant without access to highly accurate and powerful stability chambers that are designed especially for FDA and ICH stability testing. Purchasing stability chambers and other equipment in order to handle stability testing at your Cincinnati, OH facility is no small investment. Your stability testing work and entire operation in Cincinnati, OH rely on your stability chambers; you must choose the best product available for your stringent needs. Whether you need a small bench-top model for small batch stability testing or need a completely customized walk-in stability chamber for high-volume stability testing in Cincinnati, OH, Darwin Chambers has the right product for you. When searching for the right stability chambers for your Cincinnati, OH stability testing work, it is important to consider your options on the following criteria: Control - A chamber is useless to you for stability testing if its control of conditions does not adhere to ICH requirements. Typically that means control of ± 2°C and ± 5% RH. Our designs offer superior control that exceeds industry requirements. Our products come with a standard control range of ±0.2°C and ±0.3% RH. Our line of stability chambers, refrigerators, and freezers are quipped with precise and simple controls or with optional virtual touchscreen controls available. 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View the PH Series View the ST Series View the SH Series View Stability Rooms Cincinnati, OH Stability Testing Our Chambers Accommodate Stability testing in Cincinnati, OH can and should be done on many different substances and should test a variety of characteristics based on a range of specific environmental conditions. Darwin Chambers engineers, manufactures, and installs stability chambers and other environmental chambers that are perfect for your Cincinnati, OH stability testing needs. Select the right product for you from our multiple lines of stability chambers with standard and custom features. Darwin Chambers stability chambers will allow you to conduct stability testing in Cincinnati, OH to measure: Physical Characteristics Appearance Melting point Moisture content Clarity and color of the solution pH Dissolution Disintegration Viscosity Crystal modification Particle size Chemical Characteristics Assay Degradation Related substances Residual solvents Radioactive decay Packaging and interaction Microbial Sterility Antimicrobial preservatives' effectiveness Antioxidants Growth in microorganisms Environmental control Therapeutic Characteristics Toxicological Characteristics Biocompatibility We offer environmental chambers to meet your every need. Learn more about some of our popular services and products below. Reach-In Chamber ManufacturerLow Temperature Biochemical IncubatorICH Stability StorageCBD Stability ChamberMicrobiology Incubators ICH Guidance Stability Testing We have made sure that our stability chambers are designed and constructed to provide acute manipulation of conditions, allowing you to conduct Cincinnati, OH stability testing that is accepted by ICH stability testing guidance. With our stability chambers, you can perform: Real time/long term stability testing - testing is usually done every three months during the first year, every six months during the second year, and once a year after that for the duration of the study Intermediate stability testing - for a 12 month study, it is recommended that testing is conducted a total of four times including the initial and final tests Accelerated stability testing - for a six month study, it is recommended that tests are done a total of three times at regular intervals, including the initial and final tests Cincinnati, OH Stability Testing Chambers: Darwin Chambers When you need to do important Cincinnati, OH stability testing, count on Darwin Chambers. Get the reach-in or walk-in chambers you need to do your stability testing work. WIth superior accuracy, control, customization, and efficient systems, our stability chambers make stability testing possible in Cincinnati, OH. 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Bassita, a click-funding initiative famous for its social media awareness campaigns, introduced the ‘VeryNile’ initiative on Saturday, in a bid to solve Egypt’s Nile pollution by creating a sustainable ecosystem that recycles the plastic and waste collected from the river.
VeryNile’s first event on December 15th saw 200 volunteers from more than 20 organisations including governmental entities, NGOs, private sector, UN Organisations and embassies gathered to raise awareness through cleaning the Nile and its shores from solid waste. The initiative’s aim is to set up cleanup means that are efficient and environmentally sound in their removal of plastic pollution from aquatic ecosystems, in collaboration with local manpower.
This event was launched in collaboration with Nile Taxi.
”How are we going to get rid of all of that plastic? VeryNile’s mission is to create highly efficient removing tools such as floating dams or cleaning robots. But all that would be useless if we don’t stop throwing plastic everywhere,” expressed Salem Massalha, Bassita’s co-founder.
What causes the pollution?
Although the Nile river is one of Egypt’s most important natural assets, its level of chemical and solid waste pollution is palpable and has been linked to agricultural irrigation projects, population growth, diseases and factory activities.
Up until the Delta, the Nile’s pollution level is considered acceptable. It is only at the Delta’s beginning that the water quality sees a major drop.
Recent studies estimate that more than 300 million cubic meters of industrial liquid sewage are spilled into the Nile, its canals and drains due to the discharge of 34 large industrial facilities between Cairo and Aswan. This is further exacerbated by the non-compliance of some of these facilities with the discharge laws set in 1982.
Main pollutants are industrial factories (sugar, food, beverages, plastic and rubber manufacturers), population growth (sewage), seawater intrusion (salinity), and agriculture (pesticides and fertilizers).
On one hand, governmental authorities blame inhabitants for their lack of compliance with proper waste disposal guidelines. On the other hand, inhabitants, reeling from the repercussions of this pollution, blame the government for not doing enough to limit this pollution and holding factories accountable for their output.
One thing is clear, however, the Nile’s pollution is undeniably affecting its ecosystem, namely the plants, the fish and, ultimately, Egyptians themselves.
Affected flora, algae and fish
It is estimated that 18,000 species of flora and fauna are registered in the country.
Fertilizers, chemical waste and pesticides in agriculture lead to higher concentrations of nutrient salts and metals such as nitrate, iron and manganese that can and do contaminate specie diversity and fish. As such, this affects Nile periphyton, Nile phytoplankton and algae (blue and green), and the najas armata underwater plant in Egypt.
The systematic discharge of these contaminants have also impacted the Nile’s health, slowly diminishing its self-purification capability.
Fish living in polluted waters tend to accumulate heavy metals in their tissues. Most of these metals accumulate mainly in the liver, kidney and gills. Lesions and modifications have been noted in Tilapia nilotica fish, for instance, as well as the catfish.
As such, metal pollution may damage aquatic organisms at the cellular levels and ultimately, this affects the ecological balance. Pollutants not only kill fish, including juveniles, but they reduce fish diversity and food for larger fish is decreased.
Human exposure and ingestion of polluted aquatic marine products such as seafood can cause health problems in humans and animals including neurological and reproductive problems, as cited by experts and Nile biologists in reports across the last decade.
Moreover, aviary creatures regularly ingesting the water such as eagles, white-headed ducks, and the lesser flamingos, are affected in the long-run as well. For instance, throughout the last few years, Lake Manzala, located in the northeastern edge of the Nile Delta, has suffered from decreasing fish and bird species.
This is equally problematic for those ingesting the Nile water, as concentrations of heavy metals exceed the drinking water guidelines, further complicating human health concerns.
One example of this occurred at the city of Sohag, where the high nutrient contamination of the water resulted in an increase in cyanobacteria; these latter produce microcystin, a toxin that can cause severe liver toxicity.
Active steps for a better future
As such, the VeryNile initiative is a new, and pioneering solution as it bridges the gap between civilian output and governmental efforts to combat the problem of pollution.
Aided by Greenish and governmental entities, it seeks not only raise awareness about these various issues, but it also hopes to takes practical steps towards achieving a cleaner Nile.