Overall, it seems that both estrogen and testosterone are important for normal bone growth and maintenance. Deficiency or failure of action of the sex hormones is associated with osteoporosis and minimal trauma fractures. Estrogen in males is produced via metabolism of testosterone by aromatase and it is therefore important that androgens used for the treatment of hypogonadism be amenable to the action of aromatase to yield maximal positive effects on bone. There is data showing that testosterone treatment increases bone mineral density in aging males but that these benefits are confined to hypogonadal men. The magnitude of this improvement is greater in the spine than in the hip and further studies are warranted to confirm or refute any differential effects of testosterone at these important sites. Improvements seen in randomized controlled trials to date may underestimate true positive effects due to relatively short duration and/or baseline characteristics of the patients involved. There is no data as yet to confirm that the improvement in bone density with testosterone treatment reduces fractures in men and this is an important area for future study.
Bodybuilding.com sells science-backed testosterone support from top brands so you can continue to crush your goals. Our customer reviews will give you a snapshot of how each of these products works on real people living real lives, so you can make the best decision for your body. Ready to feel powerful again? Let’s find the test booster that’s right for you.
For example, the study published in Obesity Research tells that the scientists measured testosterone levels in two groups of middle-aged men with obesity. One group underwent a 16-week weight loss program, while the second group did nothing. Each participant of the first group lost 20 kg on the average. And these participants experienced a significant increase in testosterone levels. So, the fight against overweight is very important for those who want to overcome testosterone deficiency. But starvation is strictly forbidden because this is a stressful situation which leads to the sharp decline in T levels.
Thus, alcohol metabolism destroys the essential coenzyme required for T synthesis. Alcohol also contributes to the release of special endorphins which inhibit hormone production. In addition, drinking too much alcohol leads to the elevation of estrogen levels in men because of the conversion of testosterone in estrogen. It means that T levels come down with a run.
The confusion is understandable, as one in-vitro study noted that high doses of zinc blocked the enzyme 5-a reductase inside test-tubes. But the studies that don’t see much daylight actually show that oral zinc supplementation on actual living, breathing, humans is able to significantly boost the production of dihydrotestosterone, and it does so even when there’s no deficiency in the mineral.
Why bother with such common micronutrients? Because it's not uncommon for athletes to suffer from zinc and magnesium deficiencies, partly due to inadequate replenishing of levels after intense bouts of exercise. Deficiencies in these key minerals can lead to a poor anabolic hormone profile, impaired immune function, and increased cortisol, ultimately leading to decreases in strength and performance.
The Organon group in the Netherlands were the first to isolate the hormone, identified in a May 1935 paper "On Crystalline Male Hormone from Testicles (Testosterone)". They named the hormone testosterone, from the stems of testicle and sterol, and the suffix of ketone. The structure was worked out by Schering's Adolf Butenandt, at the Chemisches Institut of Technical University in Gdańsk.
Testosterone was first used as a clinical drug as early as 1937, but with little understanding of its mechanisms. The hormone is now widely prescribed to men whose bodies naturally produce low levels. But the levels at which testosterone deficiency become medically relevant still aren’t well understood. Normal testosterone production varies widely in men, so it’s difficult to know what levels have medical significance. The hormone’s mechanisms of action are also unclear.
I am also suspect of the fact that men 100 years ago had testosterone levels of 800-2000 ng/dL. The truth is that there are men today that are stronger and more muscular than the men from 100 years ago. Sure the “average man” of today is less than the “average man” of prior generations, but this is because we sit around in offices all day, and then come home to sit on the couch and watch tv…little to no activity.
Testosterone has several positive effects on sexual function, but its most significant effect is on libido, sexual interest and arousal. Boys going through puberty develop an enhanced interest in sex (thoughts, fantasies, masturbation, intercourse) as a consequence of rising levels of testosterone. Hypogonadal men usually have a significant improvement in libido when TRT is initiated (Wang et al 2000; Morley and Perry 2003).
If you don;t mind i will probably use it as a testimonial in my tongkat ali extract article which I am not sure if you checked out. But something tells me you may be interested in it haha. I don’t know much about the medicinal tongkat ali you speak of, but I have a supplier from a Sumatra jungle in indonesia, Herbolab.com who’s product I know is 100% legit. Maybe not as powerful as medicinal but I do not know. He also tests every batch himself after the supper performs a performs chemical and microbiological analysis of every batch they product.
Imagine if there was a pill that would transform your dick into an unstoppable orgasm machine; A pill that gave you the confidence to talk to any girl, because you knew one night with you and she would be begging for your cock. Women are attracted to men that can make them climax. The most PATHETIC trait a man can have is being bad at sex. But the exact opposite is also true.
It is important to note that you can certainly boost testosterone naturally without supplementation. Supplements are expensive now a days and a lot of people do not like taking tons of pills. Plus, a lot of these vitamins and minerals are only needed if deficient, so I recommend getting routine blood work done to see where you are short. I can almost guarantee you will come out vitamin D deficient, so while you don’t have to take these, they will certainly help.
It may be unlikely to completely eliminate products with EDCs, but there are a number of practical strategies that you can try to limit your exposure to these gender-bending substances. The first step would be to stop using Teflon cookware, as EDCs can leach out from contaminated cookware. Replace them with ceramic ones. Stop eating out of cans, as the sealant used for the can liner is almost always made from powerful endocrine-disrupting petrochemicals known as bisphenols, e.g. Bisphenol A,
Overall there is evidence that testosterone treatment increases lean body mass and reduces obesity, particularly visceral obesity, in a variety of populations including aging men. With regard to muscle changes, some studies demonstrate improvements in maximal strength but the results are inconsistent and it has not been demonstrated that these changes lead to clinically important improvements in mobility, endurance or quality of life. Studies are needed to clarify this. Changes in abdominal obesity are particularly important as visceral fat is now recognised as predisposing the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Low testosterone levels may contribute to decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, fragile bones, and other health issues. Having low testosterone levels may also indicate an underlying medical condition. See your doctor if you suspect you have low testosterone. A simple blood test is all it takes to check if your testosterone falls within the normal range.
Miscellaneous: Sleep: (REM sleep) increases nocturnal testosterone levels. Behavior: Dominance challenges can, in some cases, stimulate increased testosterone release in men. Drugs: Natural or man-made antiandrogens including spearmint tea reduce testosterone levels. Licorice can decrease the production of testosterone and this effect is greater in females.
A number of research groups have tried to further define the relationship of testosterone and body composition by artificial alteration of testosterone levels in eugonadal populations. Induction of a hypogonadal state in healthy men (Mauras et al 1998) or men with prostate cancer (Smith et al 2001) using a gonadotrophin-releasing-hormone (GnRH) analogue was shown to produce increases in fat mass and decreased fat free mass. Another experimental approach in healthy men featured suppression of endogenous testosterone production with a GnRH analogue, followed by treatment with different doses of weekly intramuscular testosterone esters for 20 weeks. Initially the experiments involved men aged 18–35 years (Bhasin et al 2001) but subsequently the study was repeated with a similar protocol in men aged 60–75 years (Bhasin et al 2005). The different doses given were shown to produce a range of serum concentrations from subphysiological to supraphysiological (Bhasin et al 2001). A given testosterone dose produced higher serum concentrations of testosterone in the older age group (Bhasin et al 2005). Subphysiological dosing of testosterone produced a gain in fat mass and loss of fat free mass during the study. There were sequential decreases in fat mass and increases in fat free mass with each increase of testosterone dose. These changes in body composition were seen in physiological and supraphysiological treatment doses. The trend was similar in younger versus older men but the gain of fat mass at the lowest testosterone dose was less prominent in older patients (Bhasin et al 2001; Bhasin et al 2005). With regard to muscle function, the investigators showed dose dependent increases in leg strength and power with testosterone treatment in young and older men but there was no improvement in fatigability (Storer et al 2003; Bhasin et al 2005).
Everyone knows that carbohydrates are extremely important for testosterone production, but instead of reaching for grains during your next meal, stack your plate high with potatoes. Research reveals that grains have inflammatory properties, but the testosterone-friendly starches in potatoes will have the bodybuilder in your life smiling at dinnertime!
Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 1 Mar 2019), Cerner Multum™ (updated 1 Mar 2019), Wolters Kluwer™ (updated 28 Feb 2019) and others. Refer to our editorial policy for content sources and attributions.
However, it is usually found in much smaller amounts. A standard amount is about 1,000 milligrams, but you will see that the top 5 all contain about 1,500 milligrams or more. (Monster T contains 3,500 milligrams per serving but is missing other ingredients.) Testogen contains the highest amount of D-aspartic acid that we have seen except for Monster T.
If testosterone deficiency occurs during fetal development, then male characteristics may not completely develop. If testosterone deficiency occurs during puberty, a boy’s growth may slow and no growth spurt will be seen. The child may have reduced development of pubic hair, growth of the penis and testes, and deepening of the voice. Around the time of puberty, boys with too little testosterone may also have less than normal strength and endurance, and their arms and legs may continue to grow out of proportion with the rest of their body.
The only other concern regarding Testosterone Max is that it is a Crazy Bulk product, and their products are generally more directed towards the bodybuilding crowd. With that said, it does contain the necessary ingredients in order to raise testosterone levels, and that’s what produces the benefits. Therefore, as long as it can achieve boosted testosterone levels, which it can, it can be deemed an effective supplement.
This summary is intended for general informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of purity, strength, or safety of the products. As a result, effects may vary. You should read product labels. In addition, if you are taking medications, herbs, or other supplements you should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before taking a supplement as supplements may interact with other medications, herbs, and nutritional products. If you have a medical condition, including if you are pregnant or nursing, you should speak to your physician before taking a supplement. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience side effects.
Estrogen is important in men, but too high of a level has all sorts of negative consequences – ranging from heart attacks to prostate cancer (32 & 33). The balance between testosterone and estrogen (or estradiol) is critical for a man. If the ratio is out and estrogen starts to dominate you run into all sorts of issues – such as breast cell growth, prostate enlargement and of course lower testosterone.
Japanese Knotweed (a.k.a Hu Zhang or Polygonum cuspidatum) is highlighted by WebMD as needing more evidence to rate its effectiveness in a number of different areas: like treating constipation and liver or heart disease. They also warn that it can interact poorly with medications that are changed and broken down by the liver, and those that slow blood clotting (anticoagulants and antiplatelets).
When you get tested, your doctor will see if you require supplementation. I try and have clients maintain a serum blood level between 50 and 80 ng/mL. Studies have shown that men with lower levels of vitamin D had lower levels of testosterone. If a man tests below my preferred range, I typically recommend 5,000 IUs a day until the levels improve. Vitamin D3 supplements are widely available (best is to get one that contains vitamin K as well, as that allows for greater absorption), and you can also bump up your sunlight exposure. I find, and studies confirm this, that many men are deficient in vitamin D and it is a huge issue relating to testosterone levels.


Greenhouse conditions induce mineralogical changes and dolomite,12 Feb 2014 The mineral dolomite was present in all samples examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). . Figure 5: Process of relative dolomite enrichment in crustose .. these variations in crystal size and possibility of amorphous material;
Dolomite-apatite separation by amphoteric collector in presence of,7 Jun 2013 dolomite phosphate amphoteric collector bacteria bio-flotation Pennsylvania (PA), USA: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, 1991.
The Economic Value of Industrial Minerals and Rocks for,13 Mar 2007 unprocessed materials and more processed materials. provided by a resource like limestone or dolomite which initially may be a source
Limestone Minerals Education Coalition,Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of the mineral calcite and a chief material from which aggregate, cement, lime and building stone are made. in the processing of various foods and household items (including medicines).
Technology of Processing of Navbakhore Dolomite on Magnesium,On the basis of material balance and optimization of processes' modes, a specification for industrial Keywords: Dolomite, Mineral, Magnesium, Processing.
Flotation Research on Dolomite-Containing Magnesite Ore,In the flotation system of sodium oleate, magnesite and dolomite had good on Dolomite-Containing Magnesite Ore", Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 158
Comparative Analysis of the Strength Distribution for - MDPI,24 Jan 2018 Department of Environmental Engineering and Mineral Processing, Faculty Keywords: strength distribution; dolomite; shale; sandstone; Weibull modulus determination of the probability of material breakage for individual
Dolomite - Department for Energy and Mining,The mineral dolomite has a theoretical composition of CaCO3.MgC03 dolomite. Remaining resources of material similar to that being mined are enormous.
Dolomite - an overview ScienceDirect Topics,Dolomite is a magnesium ore with the general formula MgCO3 · CaCO3 (it also contains Santanu Chakraborty, in Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Industrial Processes, 2014 . (2012) synthesised calcium-rich dolomite-type materials using a
Dolomite minerals Hatenboer-Water,Dolomite minerals are commonly used for filtration and processing drinking water: to increase the pH value of the Material data sheet available upon request.
Raw Materials euroMinerals,Pure talc is an inert mineral i.e. insoluble in acids and has a platelet -like structure. Dolomite is a double salt which is formed from calcium carbonate and a black mineral, ilmenite, FeTiO3, after undergoing countless process steps using
(PDF) Magnesium Minerals ..Beneficiation and Mineral Processing,7 Mar 2017 Main Beneficiation: Qualitative separation of magnesite grades into .. Where sea-water is the material, it is treated with dolomite.
Review on the elaboration and characterization of ceramics,These industrial minerals and rocks are the materials of economic value that .. and dolomite by engineering the microstructure like modification of the grain
Dolomite (mineral) - Wikipedia,Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, Large quantities of processed dolomite are used in the production of float glass. Because dolomite contains relatively minor quantities of radioactive materials, it can insula
Beneficiation and mineral processing of magnesium minerals,29 Mar 2016 OUTLİNE OF LECTURE 4: Examples Mineral processing: 1) Magnesite: The main types of magnesium material are: Dolomite
Effect of dissolution kinetics on flotation response of calcite with oleate,Kinetics and Catalysis, Reaction Engineering and Materials Science The pH effect on the calcite dissolution and flotation indicates the possible influence of
The review of recent carbonate minerals processing - IOPscience,Global Colloquium on GeoSciences and Engineering 2017 Calcite is not the only carbonate mineral that is used as construction material. Another carbonate
(PDF) A study on the physicochemical and thermal characterisation,Dolomite is also used in the production of refractory materials. they can be used as run-of-mine or processed impurities either in the iron ore reduction phase
enrichment of magnesite ore manyezi̇t cevheri̇ni̇n - DergiPark,ores are the heavy medium separation, hand sorting, magnetic separation and flotation. [1-. 2]. Due to the fact that magnesite and dolomite have similar physical,
Study of the reaction between dolomite and nitric acid,27 May 2018 Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing Dissolution of dolomite as a carbonate material in aqueous solutions of various pH can
Dolomite Mineral Uses and Properties - Geology.com,The uses and properties of the mineral Dolomite. It is crushed and sized for use as a road base material, an aggregate in concrete and asphalt of magnesia (MgO), a feed additive for livestock, a sintering agent and flux in metal processing,
magnesium processing Techniques & Methods Britannica.com,Magnesium processing, preparation of magnesium ore for use in various products. Among the ore minerals, the most common are the carbonates dolomite (a materials is an energy-intensive process requiring well-tuned technologies.
mineral resources in norway 2008 - Norges geologiske undersøkelse,Outside cover: Calcite marble quarry at Akselberg, Brønnøy municipality. Eighty-five million metric tonnes of mineral materials were produced, by c. . domestic share of production is the basis for an important mineral processing industry
Dolomite Mineral – Rawedge,The mineral dolomite is commonly found in deposits of a sedimentary rock called dolostone. There are two types of materials often called dolomite, a true chemically The alteration process that forms dolomite tends to bring in additional
(PDF) The review of recent carbonate minerals processing technology,15 Jun 2019 The carbonate has been being exploited through open pit mining activity. Traditionally, calcite can be ground to produce material for brick
Limestone and dolomite - Earth Resources,Victoria is home to a large number of limestone and dolomite deposits, which are Approximately 40 per cent of the material quarried at Lilydale is used for
AirScrape controls dust and material at a dolomite plant - Mineral,AT MINERAL PROCESSING is the trade magazine for processing mineral resources.
Basics in Minerals Processing - Metso,17 Jun 2018 Materials handling includes the technologies for moving the process flow . If the material is a single mineral (Calcite, Feldspar a.o.) the
dolomite Formation, Structure, Properties, Uses, & Facts,Dolomite, type of limestone, the carbonate fraction of which is dominated by the Other relatively common occurrences of the mineral dolomite are in dolomite invoking formation of dolomite by direct precipitation, a process thought by most
Mineral sorting and quality control of rock - LLA Instruments GmbH,Quality control in sensor-based sorting for mineral processing The production of high-quality mineral products and building materials demands high-grade materials as well. Expensive and Qualitative separation of calcite and dolomite.
Next: mobile gold ore processing plant small scale
- dolomite crusher canadian sep
- concentrate for dolomite automatic
- mobile dolomite jaw crusher provider indonessia
- kolkata dolomite mining environmental impact
- kolkata dolomite processing plant gujarat
- dolomite for plantation malaysia
- concentrate for dolomite high performance
- cu pb zn dressing process for dolomite mobile
- open pit mining of dolomite
- plant dolomite milling
- mining dolomite china
- kaolin grinding dolomite
- is dolomite processed for use
- dolomite powder grinding machine
- dolomite processing companies
- dolomite powder machinery professional mining equipment
- dolomite mining process in egypt and ethiopia
- crushing plant for dolomite
- used dolomite impact crusher suppliers in south africa
- dolomite powder makeing machine
- crushing equipment pty limited
- osborne cone crusher
- small mobile precast brick block crusher
- grinding machine 3m international
- limestone crusher mining crushing
- hill gold mine nl
- mobile plant crusher manufacturers list
- milling plant machine for grinding barite
- sifting machine for sale
- ick recycling crusher page
- cost of hcs cone crusher in india
- grinding machine for making ballast grinding mill china
- gold mill processing
- reliable stone crusher manufacturer
- best selling concrete mixer plantconcrete batching
- crawler crushing plant
- concrete batching plant 60m3 h price
- how is open castmining method done
- calcite quarry machine manufacturer
- mining flotation tanks for sale


TEM characterization of the different components of NCFs. TEM images of NCFs produced using [PdCl2(PhCN)2] (a), [NiCl2(PPh3)2] (b), [CoCl2(PPh3)2] (c), and naphthalene (d) targets. Inset on (a) shows graphitic structures observed on [PdCl2(Phen)] foams (scalebar 50 nm).
Seral-Ascaso et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2013 8:233 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-8-233


This paper describes the optimum flow characteristics of the flame photometric sulfur detector to maximize both the relative sensitivity and the exponential proportionality factor (“n”). In this investigation it was found that the gas flow rates for hydrogen and nitrogen plus oxidant as well as the oxidant to fuel ratio drastically affect both the exponential proportionality factor and the relative sensitivity. To accurately adjust all flame flow parameters, it is recommended that an oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen system be used in place of the standard air, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen system. This paper also describes a simple, inexpensive electronic device designed to monitor the output signal of a flame photometric sulfur detector. With this device it is possible to obtain a linear response with changing sulfur concentration even in cases where the photomultiplier output current is proportional to the sulfur concentration raised to a power of less than two.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry


If you enjoy boating, you know the importance of having a full battery before heading out on the water. Unfortunately, some types of batteries can be damaged by overcharging or undercharging.
It's nice to have your battery ready for action when you go out in the morning. But should you charge your boat battery overnight?
Type of Cell
The type of cell you purchase for your boat will significantly impact how you take care of it. Lithium-ion, lead acid, gel cell, and AGM batteries have unique characteristics you must be aware of when storing and charging them.
Excessive charging of most cells will cause heat to build up, possibly damaging the cell, leaking chemicals, or igniting a fire. Lithium-ion batteries are especially susceptible to overheating, so charging these batteries in a cool, dry location with relatively low foot traffic is essential.
Type of Charger
Whether you can charge a battery overnight will also depend on the type of charger you have. While some chargers may be unable to stop charging automatically, others can cause excessive current output that will ruin the battery if it overfills before you can remove it.
Finding a reliable lead-acid, AGM, gel cell, or lithium boat battery charger can be difficult if you aren't sure what to look for. A trickle charger with automatic shutoff is a safe option since it slows the speed of the current flowing into the battery over a given time.
Another thing you should consider when deciding whether to leave your battery charging overnight is the amperage of the cell and the maximum output of the charger. If the battery has too much amperage, you risk ruining your charger.
A battery charger with a higher amperage will charge the cell faster, but you risk ruining it if it overcharges. It's a good idea to find a charger that's about one-third of the battery's amperage to ensure it's strong enough to refill the battery without exceeding the recommended limits.
Simplify Your Charging Time
Getting out on the water is great, but you must keep your boat battery charged to enjoy your time fully. If you aren't careful, you could damage your cell or charger, costing you money and possibly putting yourself in danger.
Whether you should charge your boat battery overnight largely depends on your equipment and whether it has the correct safety mechanisms built in.


Foam Chamber is used in one of the most common application to protect vertically fixed roof (cone) liquid storage tanks, with or without internal floating roof with the low expansion foam system. The application of foam is on the basis that the risk comprises the total surface area of the fuel. The foam system design guidelines generally used are in accordance with NFPA-11, standard.
Foam Chambers are defined by NFPA-11 as Type II discharge outlets for delivering the foam to the surface of a flammable liquid. The Foam Chambers are widely used with the In-line foam inductor, Balance pressure foam proportioning system, Bladder tank proportioner or Foam tender.
The FOAMTECH low-expansion foam handline nozzles can be used with all low-expansion foam agents such as fluoroprotein, aqueous film-forming-foam (AFFF), alcohol resistant AFFF, and Class A foam concentrates. These portable, air-aspirating nozzles can be used in a variety of flammable liquid hazard areas using FOAMER Class B foam concentrates. Typical applications include municipal fire departments and Crash-Fire-Rescue (CFR) vehicles; or for handline applications around tank farms, loading racks, aircraft hangars, and chemical plants. When using SILV-EX PLUS Class A foam, an effective blanketing foam is produced. This blanketing foam is ideal for structural fire attack and other deep-seated fires involving tires, rolled paper, baled cotton and coal bunkers. The advantage of low-expansion compared to medium-expansion foam is the greater stream range and superior cooling effect achieved by the higher water content.
Foam Generators (FCH *-250 are designed to expand foam solution into millions of tiny bubbles in which the foam solution is expanded in volume to a range of more than 200:1 approximately depending on the generator selected, solution flow rate, foam concentrate and the operating pressure.
The extinguishing mechanisms of FOAMTECH HX Foam Generator (FCH* -250) involve a combination of the following:


Solvent free adhesive paste for bonding floor covering onto porous surfaces such as stone, concrete, plaster or wood.
- For bonding of all types of floor covering. Bonding of wall to wall carpets with and without foam backing. Bonding of linoleum.
- Easy to tool
- High adhesive strength
- Long open time
- Elastic adhesive layer


Professor Huber, a world-renowned leader and pioneer in the field of protein crystallography, will visit The University of Queensland (Tuesday 4 April) to give guest lectures and meet with scientists about future collaborations in the area of biochemistry.
Professor Huber studied chemistry at the Technical University of Munich, receiving his Diploma in 1960 majoring in crystallographic studies. In 1971 he was appointed as a Director of the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry and Chair of Structural Biology at the Bio-Center of the University of Basel.
In 1976 he became Professor at the Technical University of Munich. His studies of proteins in the 1980s included excitation energy and electron transfer to which Professor Huber will make reference in his lecture.
The development of methods of protein crystallography has been his lifetime work. In 1988 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Johann Deisenhofer and Hartmut Michel for “A Structural Basis of Light Energy and Electron Transfer in Biology”.
His public lecture on Proteins and their structures: from basic science to biomedicine, will be held in the Queensland Bioscience Precinct (Building 80) auditorium at UQ St Lucia between 6-8pm on Tuesday.
He will present the studies which earned him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 and discuss the future of protein crystallography to reduce several diseases such as influenza and cancer.
Global science and research-based company Bayer is sponsoring the visit as part of the company's commitment to developing innovative solutions to Australia's health and agricultural issues.
“Bayer is particularly excited to be involved in Professor Huber's visit given our current research and development projects in areas such as biotechnology and our commitment to innovation,” Bayer Managing Director Sam Howard said.
“His presentation is an absolute must for biochemical students, researchers and enthusiasts,” Mr Howard said.
Professor Huber's visit to Brisbane is part of German Weeks 2006, a two-month celebration of modern Germany featuring business, science, technology, political, cultural, musical and sports events in Brisbane orgnaised by the German Consulate-General in Sydney.


Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
New synergies, new values
DFE Pharma provides continuous support for your challenge to develop and produce robust and cost-effective formulations fast and successfully. By incorporating Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) products in our portfolio, we have increased the power of our product offering and offer our customers a wider range of support. We care for your challenges, now and in the future. DFE Pharma offers our MCC-based product Pharmacel® with the same high and consistent quality that you can expect from your global leader in pharmaceutical excipients.
Microcrystalline Cellulose is a purified, partly depolymerised cellulose with shorter, crystalline polymer chains. Its strong binding performance make MCC one of the most commonly used fillers and binders in drug formulations, together with Lactose. The product is manufactured by controlled partial hydrolysis of high purity wood pulp, followed by purification and drying.
For formulation development, Pharmacel®
can be applied in a wide variety of oral solid dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, sachets, pellets and others. MCC is widely used in diverse pharmaceutical processes, like wet granulation, dry granulation or direct compression. MCC grades with low moisture-content are especially useful for application with moisture sensitive APIs.
Pharmacel® has high compactability properties, meaning that strong tablets can be made at low forces. These low forces can increase life of tooling during tableting step in production, even when the proportion of active ingredient within a tablet is high. In addition, tablets containing MCC, can be made to disintegrate readily when a superdisintegrant, such as Primojel® or Primellose® of DFE Pharma, is used, thus maximizing the potential for drug bioavailability. Combined together with various directly compressible lactose (DCL) grades (granulated, anhydrous, spray dried), MCC exhibits improved functional properties which can be useful for direct compression applications.
Pharmacel® product offering
DFE Pharma currently offers three grades of microcrystalline cellulose:
These grades are ideally suited to be used in the majority of tablet and capsule formulations processed by direct compression, capsule filling, wet granulation, dry granulation or extrusion-spheronisation. While Pharmacel® 101 is mainly applied in wet granulation and extrusion-spheronisation, Pharmacel® 102 and Pharmacel® 112 possess excellent properties for use in direct compression processes. Pharmacel® 112 is recommended for application in formulations with moisture sensitive drugs, due to its low moisture content (LOD < 1.5%).
Pharmacel® and lactose formulations
DFE Pharma is the only global excipient manufacturer who offers their customers both lactose and microcrystalline cellulose products for development of pharmaceutical formulations. Combination of Pharmacel® with one of the lactose grades offered by DFE Pharma provides additional benefit to formulations, by achieving the perfect combination of brittle and plastic excipient behaviour.
Technical support for developing robust formulations combining MCC and Lactose, can be requested via our Ask the Expert


Food Chemistry and Food Development
University of Turku
Tarvainen Marko is a Senior Researcher in Department of Food Chemistry and Food Development,University of Turku. His current Research focuses on Chemistry and Biochemistry of Fats and Oils.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of fats, oils and other lipid-soluble bio-active components in foods.


We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
supports HTML5 video
Published byKellie Norton
Modified over 6 years ago
Metal, Nonmetal, Metalloid Flipbook
Metal: Physical Properties*Hardness *Shiny Luster *Malleable * Some are Magnetic *High Melting Point *Conductor of Electricity & Heat
*Some are reactive while others are not *Corrosive= destroys metalMetal: Chemical Properties *Some are reactive while others are not *Corrosive= destroys metal
*Gold Au *Iron Fe *Aluminum Al *Mercury HgMetal Examples *Gold Au *Iron Fe *Aluminum Al *Mercury Hg
Metalloid: Physical Properties*have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals *some conduct electricity *Some are semiconductors (Ex: computer chips)
Metalloid: Chemical Properties*Vary
*Boron B *Silicon Si *Arsenic As *Germanium GeMetalloid Examples *Boron B *Silicon Si *Arsenic As *Germanium Ge
Nonmetal: Physical Properties*Dull *Brittle *Low Boiling Point *Low Density *Poor Conductor of Heat & Electricity (Insulator)
*Forms compounds easily except Group 18Nonmetal: Chemical Properties *Forms compounds easily except Group 18
*Carbon C *Hydrogen H *Nitrogen N *Helium He *Oxygen O *Neon NeNonmetal Examples *Carbon C *Hydrogen H *Nitrogen N *Helium He *Oxygen O *Neon Ne
5.3 Chemical Families.
Beta Science Mr. McMartin
Chapter 3, Section 4 Non-Metals and Metalloids Tuesday, November 17, 2009 Pages
Metals Next Aluminum (Al) Gold (Au) Metals are on the left side of the periodic table. They are malleable (can be pounded or rolled into sheets without.
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals
Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids. Metals are located to the left and below the diagonal line in the periodic table.
Properties of the Elements. What are elements? Elements are… Pure substances made of one type of atom.
Periodic Table Part 2 Sections of the Periodic Table
Aim: How can we compare metals, non-metals, and metalloids?
1 METALS & NONMETALS Where are the metals and nonmetals on the PT? What are the properties of metals and nonmetals? What are metalloids?
9th Grade Science Mr. Opatrny Some images are from
The Periodic Table of Elements
Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures. ELEMENTS A pure form of matter consists of only one type of atom 118 elements known to man (March 2010) 94 = naturally.
Elements An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means An element is a pure substance that.
Warm Up 1. A small amount of a strong smelling sulfur compound is dissolved in natural gas to give gas a detectable odor. Which substance is the solvent?
Elements can be divided into metals non-metals Aluminium is a typical metal Chlorine is a gas at room temperature and pressure.
Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
METALS What are Metals? Metals are elements which have the following Physical Properties: Shininess Malleability - Can be pounded into shapes Hardness.
© 2021 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.


- Can you put boiling water in a plastic measuring cup?
- Is it safe to pour boiling water into a plastic pitcher?
- Can boiling water melt PVC pipes?
- Is plastic toxic when heated?
- What happen when plastic is heated?
- Is it OK to boil plastic?
- Which plastic is safe for hot water?
- Can you put a plastic bowl over boiling water?
- Is plastic wrap oven safe?
- Can I melt plastic?
- What temperature does plastic boil?
- Will a plastic spoon melt in boiling water?
- Is black plastic bad?
- Will I get sick if I eat food that a plastic spoon melted in?
- Are Ziploc bags safe to boil?
Can you put boiling water in a plastic measuring cup?
Boiling water is no problem, but oils, which have a boiling point well beyond 212°F, can melt the plastic.
OXO told us that heating oils, fats, and ingredients like chocolate can also chemically react with the plastic and degrade the cup..
Is it safe to pour boiling water into a plastic pitcher?
No issues with boiling water as the melting point would be at least 150 deg C or higher. You may feel the plastic feels slightly softer when hot, but as long as they are of reasonable thicknes, it should be fine.
Can boiling water melt PVC pipes?
Do NOT pour boiling water down your sink or toilet. This can melt PVC piping and pipe seals, causing serious damage. In addition, using boiling water to clear a clogged toilet can melt the wax ring around the toilet, or even crack the porcelain bowl, leading to a pricey trip to your favorite hardware store.
Is plastic toxic when heated?
Research suggests that all plastics may leach chemicals if they’re scratched or heated. Research also strongly suggests that at certain exposure levels, some of the chemicals in these products, such as bisphenol A (BPA), may cause cancer in people.
What happen when plastic is heated?
Heating plastics in the microwave may cause chemicals to leach into your foods. … This leaching can occur even faster and to a greater degree when plastic is exposed to heat. This means you might be getting an even higher dose of potentially harmful chemicals simply by microwaving your leftovers in a plastic container.
Is it OK to boil plastic?
30 (HealthDay News) — Exposing plastic bottles to boiling water can release a potentially harmful chemical 55 times faster than normal, new research suggests. Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in the plastics that make up water bottles, baby bottles, and other food and drink packaging.
Which plastic is safe for hot water?
PolypropylenePlastics #5 Polypropylene (PP) is considered to be the safest of all plastics, this is a robust plastic that is heat resistant. Because of its high heat tolerance, Polypropylene is unlikely to leach even when exposed to warm or hot water. This plastic is approved for use with food and beverage storage.
Can you put a plastic bowl over boiling water?
Fill the bottom of your double boiler with water and heat it. … If you don’t have a double boiler, place a glass, ceramic, or metal bowl over a pot of steaming water. Avoid using plastic, as it could melt or potentially release chemicals into the chocolate.
Is plastic wrap oven safe?
A: Restaurant kitchens often use food-grade plastic wrap in the oven to trap steam and keep food very moist. But the idea is always startling to home cooks. … And most plastic wraps won’t melt until they get to 220 to 250 degrees. So with moisture on one side and foil on the other, the plastic doesn’t melt.
Can I melt plastic?
Basically, wash the bottles, cut ’em into small manageable chunks and pop them in a metal container and into the oven at 350F. It should take a few minutes for the plastic to melt. But remember, melting plastics will produce fumes which can be harmful if inhaled. Make sure to melt them in a well ventilated area.
What temperature does plastic boil?
212 degrees FahrenheitWhile the melting points of different types of plastic vary widely, most of them are comfortably above the maximum temperature of liquid water under normal conditions, or 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit).
Will a plastic spoon melt in boiling water?
Most plastic won’t melt in boiling water. Boiling water is at 100° centigrade which isn’t hot enough to melt plastic. … So if you even try then the plastic will only get hot rather than melting. But there are few plastics like polylactic acid (PLA) which will melt at around 70° centigrade.
Is black plastic bad?
However, new research conducted by a team from the University of Plymouth has found that not only is black plastic harmful to the environment, but the recycled plastics used to create it could be damaging to our health.
Will I get sick if I eat food that a plastic spoon melted in?
Using plastic spoons and spatulas at high temperatures can cause them to melt. Even if plastic utensils appear intact, higher heat can release toxins from the plastic into your food, which will not only affect the taste of your meal, but also have a negative impact on your health.
Are Ziploc bags safe to boil?
They [Ziploc] do not recommend using any ZIPLOC® brand Bag in boiling water, or to “boil” in the microwave. … By pouring near boiling water (water begins to boil at 212 degrees) into the bag, or putting the bag into the water, the plastic could begin to melt.


AB Enzymes offers a range of products that optimize your brewhouse efficiency by reducing wort viscosity, increasing wort separation rate, improving beer filtration efficiency and reducing the risk of beer haze.
The best enzyme for the best purpose.
Our portfolio of enzyme products allows you to choose between different types of xylanase, beta-glucanase and cellulase options.
ROHALASE® Barley L
ROHALASE® Barley L is a liquid-formulated fungal beta-glucanase enzyme for hydrolyzing non-starch polysaccharides. It comprises beta-glucanase enzyme activity and other activities on cellulose and xylan. ROHALASE® Barley L is recommended for reducing viscosity in brewing and distilling, respectively increasing brewhouse efficiency and optimizing throughput in the mashing process.


Removal of Chromium (VI) in Tannery Wastewater by Immobilized Technology
Bacillus cereus was embedded in powdered activated carbon to prepare immobilized granule. Then, the granules was used to treat the Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater. The results showed the removal effect of Cr(VI) removed by the immobilized Bacillus cereus was better than either the single powdered activated carbon or the single Bacillus cereus. SEM photograph showed that the Bacillus cereus in the granules grew well. After the total chromium and the Cr(VI) in the solution and the granules were detected before and after treatment, it was found that the Cr(VI) in the solution and the granules was decreased, but the total chromium was changeless, which indicated that the removal of Cr(VI) with the granules was mainly as the results of both the chromate reductase produced by Bacillus cereus and the adsorption of activated carbon. The kinetics data of Cr(VI) removed by immobilized Bacillus cereus could be well-described by pseudo-second-order rate model. The experiments demonstrated that the immobilized Bacillus cereus could be selected as a new biomaterial to remove Cr(VI) in tannery wastewater.
Zhong Cao, Lixian Sun, Xueqiang Cao, Yinghe He
C. Q. Zhao et al., "Removal of Chromium (VI) in Tannery Wastewater by Immobilized Technology", Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 233-235, pp. 545-548, 2011


4. What effect does Vitamin C have on our skin?
Pure Vitamin C is a highly effective anti-oxidant and displays multiple positive effects on the skin. In addition, pure Vitamin C improves skin structure by strengthening the papilla density of the skin. This enables the skin to transport more nutrients and oxygen to the dermis and, in this way, also helps prevent the formation of wrinkles.
5. What is the best way to use and preserve care products with Vitamin C?
Even though the aluminium tube protects the formula against oxygen and light exposure, the product should be closed tightly immediately after every application, so that the formula has as little contact with air as possible. Besides that, we recommend wiping the nozzle after every application before closing the tube.
6. NIVEA Q10plusC Energy Skin Sleep Cream lets skin cells breathe deeply. Why is this so important?
The combination of energizer co-enzyme Q10 and pure Vitamin C is capable of increasing so-called “cellular respiration”. Beiersdorf Skin Research has demonstrated this in elaborate studies on skin cells. The process enables better supply of energy to the skin cells, which need it to perform necessary metabolic functions like repair processes. This helps the skin counteract the appearance of premature aging effects.
7. Ascorbic acid, better known as Vitamin C, is an acid. Will it not harm the skin?
Ascorbic acid is a weak acid and the pH-value of the formula is in the neutral range. This makes the formula with the Vitamin C concentration used by us both highly effective and very agreeable to the skin at the same time. As with any NIVEA product, this formula has been extensively tested and its high skin compatibility has been established in scientific studies.


Chemistry and Biochemistry are among the more structured majors on campus, meaning that a significant number of courses must be taken (and passed) in a particular sequence. It is important that majors and prospective majors take the time to carefully plan out each semester leading up to graduation. Chemistry and Biochemistry majors must meet certain benchmarks as they progress through the major.
Linked below are sample plans for chemistry and biochemistry. These plans assume that the student begins his or her first year as a Chemistry or biochemistry major, but they can be adapted to other situations, such as students who declare later than their first year.
Comparison of sample plans leading to degrees in CHEM and BCHM (effective Fall 2023)
Linked below are printable check-sheets for the chemistry and biochemistry programs. The check-sheets allow quick evaluation of one’s progress toward completion of a chemistry or biochemistry major.
- Biochemistry Major: Check sheet (pre-Fall 2023)
- Chemistry Major: Check sheet (pre-Fall 2023)
- Biochemistry: Check sheet (Effective Fall 2023)
- Chemistry: Check sheet (Effective Fall 2023)
- Chemistry BA: Check sheet (Effective Fall 2023)
AP Chemistry Credit
- Students who got a 4 on the AP Chemistry exam (or an equivalent score on the IB exam, British A-Levels, etc.) will receive credit for CHEM 131 and CHEM 132. Students with chemistry AP scores of 4 can enter organic chemistry directly unless they are CHEM or a BCHM major, in which case they have to take CHEM 177 their first term.
- Students who got a 5 on the AP chemistry exam (or an equivalent score on the IB exam, British A-Levels, etc), will receive credit for CHEM 131, CHEM 132, and CHEM 271. Students with chemistry AP scores of 5 can enter organic chemistry directly unless they are a CHEM or a BCHM major, in which case they have to take CHEM 177 their first term. PLEASE NOTE: Students with chemistry AP scores of 5 do not receive CHEM 272 credit and generally have to take the CHEM 272 laboratory to complete their chemistry requirements; consult with your program advisor.
American Chemical Society Certification
Chemistry and Biochemistry majors can complete programs that are certified by the American Chemical Society (ACS). Chemistry and Biochemistry degrees certified by the ACS are guaranteed to have a specified level of content and rigor as defined by the ACS as essential for high level training in the discipline. Majors completing the certification requirements will receive a certificate from the ACS indicating their degree is ACS certified. To be certified:
- Chemistry majors, as part of their program, must complete BCHM 461 or BCHM 463 as one of their upper level elective classes.
- Biochemistry majors must complete CHEM 401 (Inorganic Chemistry) in addition to the rest of the major requirements. CHEM 401 is only offered in the spring semester.


XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Volume 3 contains lectures presented at the XXIVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany in September 1973.
The book consists of papers discussing a wide range of subjects on pure and applied chemistry. The compendium has papers that deal with advances in solid-state chemistry, atomic and ionic transport in ionic crystals, and the thermodynamics and preparation of non-stoichiometric, nonmetallic compounds. The text also presents papers covering topics on the formation synthesis and some properties of phosphate compounds, the application of valence electron concentration in crystal chemistry, and Crystal chemistry and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal fluorides.
Chemists will find the book very interesting.
Solid State Chemistry
Recent Advances in Solid-State Chemistry
Atomic and Ionic Transport in Ionic Crystals
Thermodynamics and Preparation of Non-Stoichiometric, Nonmetallic Compounds
Synthesis of New Dense Phases of Mixed Transition Metal Oxides Under High Pressure and High Temperature Conditions
The Formation Synthesis and Some Properties of Phosphate Compounds
Current Problems Concerning the Structural Chemistry of Transition Metal Compounds of the Main Group V and VI Elements
The Application of Valence Electron Concentration in Crystal Chemistry
Crystal Chemistry and Magnetic Properties of 3D Transition Metal Fluorides
- No. of pages:
- © Butterworth-Heinemann 1974
- 1st January 1974
- eBook ISBN:


Covestro LLC is a global leader in growth markets serving the automotive, comfort, engineering thermoplastics, insulation, coatings, adhesives and sealants industries. Its key products include polyurethanes, polycarbonates, thermoplastic polyurethanes and coatings raw materials.
In addition, Covestro LLC is the world's largest producer of aromatic isocyanates and polyether polyols, the chemical raw materials that produce polyurethane foams, and in polyurethane coatings raw materials, where Covestro is also the global leader. Polyurethane coatings raw materials are used in long-lasting weatherable paints, coatings, sealants and adhesives used in automobile interiors and exteriors, construction, furniture, packaging, shoes and sports equipment.
The company is a global leader in capacity for polycarbonate. Polycarbonate injection molding applications include automotive lighting, eyeglass lenses, lawn and garden equipment, and medical devices.
Our customers benefit from our innovative leadership in products, applications and processes as well as our determination to provide solutions to the industries we serve. Our commitment to Responsible Care and Operational Excellence gives continuous improvements in occupational health, safety and environmental protection the same high priority as best possible quality and optimal commercial efficiency.