Juvederm Evolence. Juvederm and Restylane (dermal fillers) are hyaluronic acids, a chemical that we all have in our dermis. It is a mucopolysaccharide and is the fluid buffer in our skin's infrastructure. Evolence is not being used currently but was manufactured from collagen of pig hide similar to the cow hide that was used for zyderm, and zyplast collagen injections of years ago.
Different Types. Evolence is a collagen filler which may last up to 12 months (recent data) and is most commonly used for correction of nasolabial folds. Juvederm is a hyaluronic acid filler which has a softer gel consistency and can be used for correction of lips, nasolabial folds, and other areas. In general, i prefer juvederm because it is softer, though evolence may cause less temporary swelling and bruising.


Network with colleagues and access the latest research in your field. Sheridan Bowman, Radiocarbon Dating: May 25, It frequently happens that a sample for radiocarbon dating can be taken directly from the object of interest, but there are also many cases where this is not possible. The unstable nature of carbon 14 with a precise half-life that makes it easy to measure means it is ideal as an absolute dating method. Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article.
Most radiocarbon dating today is done using an accelerator mass spectrometeran instrument that directly counts the numbers of carbon and carbon in a sample.
How Does Carbon Dating Work
May 25, Open House Festival — Liverpool, Liverpool. Radiocarbon dating uses isotopes of the element carbon. Despite the name, it does not give an absolute date of organic material - but an approximate age, usually within a range of a few years either way. InLibby moved to the University of Chicago where he began his work on radiocarbon dating. He published a paper in in which he proposed that the carbon in living matter might include 14 C as well as non-radioactive carbon. Help Support EarthSky with a Donation!


Life Elements is a small, family-run CBD supplier focusing primarily on skin-health. The company offers hand-made bath bombs in multiple CBD potencies and a large range of CBD topicals.
A central component of Life Elements’ products is honey. Honey has a ton of health benefits for your skin. It’s an antioxidant, antibacterial, and a fantastic exfoliator — all attributes that keep your skin looking young and fresh.
For the last 14 years, Life Elements created by founder Martha Van Inwegen has been creating, formulating, and manufacturing their own award-winning products, and are now taking on the task of helping consumers navigate the increasingly murky waters surrounding what makes an effective CBD product.
“We’re seeing a flood of products hiding substandard ingredients behind fabulous packaging, especially in bath bombs,” said Van Inwegen. “One red flag I see is the use of CBD isolate vs Broad Spectrum CBD. CBD isolate does not provide full plant efficacy, and many bath bombs don’t even use water-soluble powder..they use CBD oil, which is not water-soluble!”
The Bath bomb products are made from frankincense, myrrh, palo santo and patchouli. The Stick Cannabidiol (CBD) is made from Arnica, Calendula Flower, Camphor, Honey, Peppermint, Shea Butter and Turmeric.
Their Bath bombs are made with no harsh chemicals, colorants, foaming agents, or synthetic fragrances (all of which can contribute to Urinary Tract Infections) so you can keep your PH balanced and your towels stain free. Doses range from 50-250mg per bath bomb.
Similarly, their Ache & Pain Relief stick does not rely on just the CBD but consists of proprietary formulations that include other time-tested anti-inflammatory and synergistic ingredients, such as camphor, arnica, turmeric, cinnamon, ginger and more, to boost the efficacy of the CBD and relieve pain faster and at comparable prices.
As Beauty Independent noted, Sephora recently tightened their requirements that “cannabis beauty brands use CBD from hemp grown in the United States, include only full- or broad-spectrum CBD, test CBD three times, make available a certificate of analysis to verify CBD content, and adhere to its clean beauty guidelines.”
At Life Elements they only use water-soluble, broad-spectrum CBD powder that still includes the important synergistic ingredients found in hemp, making it much more effective. They then individually dose each bath bomb to ensure it’s at the stated potency so users get the full complement of anti-inflammatory, relaxation, and skin-nourishing benefits.
@LifeElements and #LifeElements


Titanium is a chemical element, chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, in the periodic table of chemical elements in the fourth cycle, Group IVB. Is a silver-white transition metal, which is characterized by light weight, high strength, with metallic luster, moisture-resistant chlorine corrosion. But titanium can not be used in dry chlorine, even if the temperature below 0 ℃ dry chlorine, there will be a violent chemical reaction, the formation of titanium tetrachloride, and then decomposition of titanium dioxide, or even combustion. Only when the moisture content of chlorine gas is higher than 0.5%, titanium in which to maintain a reliable stability.
Titanium  is considered to be a rare metal, due to its dispersion in nature and difficult to extract. But its relatively rich, in all the elements in the tenth place. Titanium ore mainly ilmenite and rutile, widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all creatures, rocks, water bodies and soil. Extraction of titanium from the main ore requires the use of the Crow method or the Hunt method. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which can be used to make white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) (as a catalyst and for the manufacture of smoke screens for aerial cover) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) (for the production of catalyzed polypropylene)
Content distribution: the surface of the earth 10 km thick layer, containing titanium up to six thousandths, more than copper 61 times in the crust in the content ranked tenth (crust element rankings: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium , Sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium), casually grabbed a soil from the ground, which contains thousands of tons of titanium, the world's reserves of more than 10 million tons of titanium is not rare.
The earth has hundreds of millions of tons of gravel, titanium and zirconium two kinds of gravel heavy minerals, mixed in the gravel, after thousands of years of sea water day and night constantly panning, the heavier ilmenite And zircon sand ore together, in the long coast, forming a piece of titanium and zirconite layer. This layer of mineral is a black sand, usually a few centimeters to several centimeters thick. Titanium is not ferromagnetic, with titanium construction of nuclear submarines do not have to worry about the magnetic mine attack
1940 Luxembourg scientists W.J.Kroll with magnesium to reduce the TiCl4 made of pure titanium. Since then, the magnesium reduction method (also known as the Khorger method) and the sodium reduction method (also known as the Hunt method) has become an industrial method for producing sponge titanium. The United States in 1948 with magnesium reduction system made 2 tons of titanium sponge, from the beginning of the industrial production of titanium.
In 1947, people began to smelting titanium in the factory. That year, the output is only 2 tons. 1955 production surge to 20,000 tons. In 1972, the annual output reached 200,000 tons. The yield strength of titanium is higher than that of steel, and its weight is almost half that of the same volume of steel. Although titanium is slightly heavier than aluminum, its yield strength is twice as high as that of aluminum. Titanium than the strength of aluminum and steel, than the modulus and aluminum, steel is very close. In the universe rockets and missiles, a large number of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, the world's annual use of titanium for navigation, has reached more than 1,000 tons. Very fine titanium powder, or rockets good fuel, so titanium known as the universe of metal, space metal.
Titanium at high temperatures and easy to react with the air, but the melting point of up to 1668 ℃. At room temperature, titanium is not afraid of aqua regia and dilute nitric acid corrosion, but intolerance of more than 5% concentration of sulfuric acid and 7% hydrochloric acid corrosion. Titanium is not afraid of the temperature of the sea, it was a piece of titanium sink to the bottom of the sea, five years later take a look, above the sticky many small animals and seabed plants, but it is not rusty, still shining.
People began to use titanium to create submarines - titanium submarines. Because titanium is very strong, can withstand high pressure, this submarine can be deep in the deep sea of 4500 meters.


Posted: 1 December 2020 |
Dionisis Theodosis is Global Manager, Technical Development and Business Support (Food Analytics) at SGS.
Dionisis Theodosis is a food technology graduate with over 20 years of experience working in food chemistry/ food testing laboratories.
During his career, he has developed expertise in a wide range of topics, but more specifically within carbohydrates, vitamins, mycotoxins and allergens. He has set up and managed laboratories, delivering quality control testing for the retail and infant formula industries and worked on several UK Government and EU funded research projects.
During the last years, Dionisis’ focus has been on managing due diligence testing for major UK food retailers, as well as providing technical support and advice on emerging risks, changing regulations, new technologies and food authenticity. He has also been managing a team of development scientists, building new capabilities in molecular biology and food chemistry and transferring knowledge across a global network of laboratories.
As part of his role within SGS, he is responsible for driving the global technical expertise of the laboratory network and providing stakeholders with technical advice in line with SGS’s strategic requirements.
Dionisis is a Fellow of the Institute of Food Science and Technology and a Chartered Scientist.


Introducing the mechanism and operation of the hot asphalt plant
This machine consists of several devices that use raw materials including gravel, bitumen, filler and if needed for other additives, produce the required asphalt.
At the first, 4 or 6 types of sand and grains are loaded into the cold material silo, then poured onto the transfer belts by tape feeders that can be controlled from the control room in certain proportions that enter to the dryer which is responsible for drying With the circulation of the dryer and high heat, the raw materials are dried and its moisture evaporates, and after drying, the micron particles are separated from the aggregates and sucked by the exhaust fan. They are deposited inside a device called a cyclone using a centrifugal mechanism, and then these deposited materials are transferred to the filler alluvium by screw feeders and transferred to the top of the tower for storage. Also, the materials that have reached temperature of 140-180 degrees Celsius are transferred to the material elevator and are transferred to the upper floor of the tower, which is sieving machine, and separates the material sieve and keeps it in 4 to 6 tanks.
Bitumen is another additive that after storage in bitumen flask and heating by oil heater is kept at temperature of 110 to 140 degrees and when needed, it is weighed by the operator with an automatic system and added inside the mixer.
This mixture can be prepared depending on weather and environmental conditions with different mixing conditions by adding other additives such as cement, acid and pigments, etc. This part is made and prepared as an option according to customer requests.
After mixing completely, the asphalt mixture is stored in another section called asphalt storage silo.
Asphalt plants in capacities of 60-80-120-160 tons are produced in Komaco design in this company.
Screen of Asphalt plant is specifically designed with a coating to prevent dust extraction as well as resistance to abrasion. Mixers of asphalt based on tonnage final sintering plant Asphalt 5, 6, or 7 rows of tiles resistant and interchangeable, the body of the mixer does not harm. To thicken the asphalt and better quality, the dust stacked on drying and sieving, once again in the mixer in proper proportion to the mix is added. Emulsion is used to make asphalt instead of asphalt
|AP-AM-60TPH (WF)||50 ton||60 ton|
|AP-AM-60TPH (BF)||55 ton||60 ton|
|AP-AM-80TPH (WF)||70 ton||80 ton|
|AP-AM-80TPH (BF)||80 ton||80 ton|
|AP-AM-120TPH (WF)||80 ton||120 ton|
|AP-AM-120TPH (BF)||90 ton||120 ton|
|AP-AM-160TPH (WF)||100 ton||160 ton|
|AP-AM-160TPH (BF)||110 ton||160 ton|


Drug Interactions between sodium bicarbonate and Vitamin D3
This report displays the potential drug interactions for the following 2 drugs:
- sodium bicarbonate
- Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
Interactions between your drugs
No interactions were found between sodium bicarbonate and Vitamin D3. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.
- Sodium bicarbonate is in the following drug classes: antacids, minerals and electrolytes, urinary pH modifiers.
- Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat the following conditions:
- Vitamin d3 is in the drug class vitamins.
- Vitamin d3 is used to treat the following conditions:
Drug and food interactions
No interactions were found. This does not necessarily mean no interactions exist. Always consult your healthcare provider.
Therapeutic duplication warnings
No warnings were found for your selected drugs.
Drug Interaction Classification
|No interaction information available.|


The activity of six Chinese medicinal herbs against the environmental mutagens and carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-diNP) and 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene (3,9-diNF) was determined. Samples of Prunella spica, Rheum palmatum, Polygonum multiflorum, Agrimonia pilosa, Ephedra sinica and Teitoutou were tested in an in vitro system. Antimutagenic activity against B[a]P was marked in the presence of extracts (boiled for 2 h in a water bath) whereas that against 1,6-diNP and 3,9-diNF varied from 20 to 86%. The differences in inhibition might be due to inactivation of metabolic enzymes. An extract of P. multiflorum was divided into ether, ethyl acetate and water soluble fractions, which were tested for antimutagenic activity against B[a]P. The antimutagenic action of the ethyl acetate soluble fraction was substantial and dose-dependent. Tannins and related compounds were the major components of the extract, of which epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate and tannic acid strongly inhibited the mutagenicity of B[a]P (2.5 micrograms/plate) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with S9 mix. To confirm the results of the in vitro test system, F344/DuCrj male rats were given a subcutaneous injection of B[a]P. Thereafter, they received water extracts of the six Chinese medicinal herbs for 50 weeks and were examined for tumors. The P. multiflorum extract significantly reduced the tumor incidence.


Having a swimming pool in Florida is an essential part of everyday living for many homeowners. Not only does it take substantial time and effort it takes to properly balance the chemistry levels in a pool, but it also requires a trained eye and careful attention to detail and experience to detect the early signs of an improperly functioning pool environment. If you live in Southwest Florida, we’re your go-to team for pool service. With over 10 years of experience, you can rely on our expertise to take the best care of your pool.
Benefits: Save time while keeping your summer investment in pristine condition while increasing the lifespan of your pool with a monthly or weekly pool service, cleaning, and chemical balance from Swim Quest Pool Service. Experience all the benefits of having a pool without the hard work of keeping it crystal clear. Reasons to hire our professionals to balance the chemicals in your pool water include:
Why Does a Pool Turn Green? A chemical imbalance in pool water allows algae to grow and thrive, quickly turning a pool’s water color green. As long as there is adequate chlorine in your pool, algae and other microorganisms will have difficulty growing, but with the constant high temperatures and heavy rains we experience in Florida maintaining the proper chlorine levels can be challenging allowing algae to grow. Periodic shocking of your pool with chlorine is an essential treatment to avoid the potential for algae buildup combined by careful balancing of other chemicals important to maintain a healthy pool.
In Southwest Florida, the extremely hot and humid months don’t seem to end and unfortunately, that’s the type of climate algae blooms will thrive in best. It takes millions of these microscopic organisms to accumulate before you begin to realize you’ve got an algae problem in your pool. Yellow algae is even harder to deal with than green pool water, which is why you should call the expert pool techs at Swim Quest Pool Service.
The Health Risks! Some algae is very hard to spot making it even more important to hire a professional pool technician to properly assess, remove, and restore your pool back to its healthy crystal-clear blue water you’re used to. A green swimming pool may seem like a simple annoyance, but it’s actually a health hazard and the contaminated pool water should be immediately cleaned and treated, as blue-green algae, commonly known as black algae, can contain E. Coli causing humans or pets to become sick.
The easiest way to keep your saltwater pool clean and healthy is to let the salt water pool experts at Swim Quest Pool Service do the work for you. Our skilled pool technicians will ensure your salt system chlorine generator is free from damaging mineral deposits that can form and build up on the inside of your salt cell allowing your system to perform optimally and at it’s full capacity. As your pool conditions change throughout the year, our expert pool technicians will adjust the salt content as needed to maintain the perfect balance.
Why you should periodically drain your pool. Of course we all want our swimming pool to look great with beautiful clear and clean water, but maintaining a healthy swimming environment from chemical build-up, underwater stains, pool surface repairs or removing waste from your pool all require a swimming pool drain and refill. Here’s a list of a few of the reasons to call the team at Swim Quest Pool Services to drain your pool;
Why clean your pool tiles? So they last longer!
Proper cleaning of pool tiles and grout on a regular basis helps to prevent your tiles from cracking or becoming permanently discolored or stained and grout from prematurely degrading. Swim Quest Pool Service considers your pool as an investment that should be maintained properly so that it doesn’t lose its value over time. Be sure to call us for a free price quote if you experience the following issues on your tile or grout:
Our acid washing services consist of completely draining your pool or spa, followed by a thorough scrubbing of the interior walls and tile, after which a concentrated muriatic acid wash is applied removing the top layer of the plaster surface, similar to the chemical peel procedures dermatologists apply to skin. The acid washing process restores the beauty and luster of your pool or spa by removing calcium deposits, algae blooms and even more difficult stains, like black algae, which can seep deep into plaster.
Acid washing is an ideal option for homeowners who no matter which chemicals they use or how much scrubbing they do, still can’t get their pool or spa to look clean and stain free. Call Swim Quest Pool Service today to schedule an acid washing and pool plaster cleaning service to:
Southwest Florida homeowners who notice their pool stairs and the walls and bottom of their pool becoming dangerously slippery with a slick coating of algae are in immediate need of our chlorine cleaning services, as leaving algae too long on the surface of your pool or spa can stain.
Unlike the more harsh acid washing process, which removes a layer of plaster from the inside of your pool, a chlorine bath is a more gentle cleaning method that can be performed more regularly as a preventative maintenance. Contact Swim Quest Pool Service to ask about a chlorine bath to;
After performing a professional chlorine bath, it could be several years before another treatment is needed with proper pool maintenance services.
Most pool filters keep your pool and spa water safe and healthy by maintaining the pH balance. All pool filters, from cartridge, to DE and sand filters work by removing oils, dirt and debris as your pool water flows through and the pool specialists at Swim Quest Pool Service have expertise cleaning and servicing any filtration systems.
To properly maintain your pool, the filter should be cleaned regularly and it’s critically important the filter be removed and replaced precisely as the entire pump system for your pool can be damaged by improperly installing or cleaning your filter. Our professional pool filter cleaning services:
The experienced pool technicians at Swim Quest Pool Service are able to service and repair most pool equipment brands helping small issues from causing significant damage requiring costly repairs. Our pool equipment repair and maintenance services include;
We strive to maintain a continuous track record of excellent service by developing long standing relationships with our valued clients. We always try and ensure the same technician care for your pool weekly so a familiarity with the unique aspects of your pool system and conditions is developed helping to optimize your pool service and keep your pool perfectly maintained.
Some reasons why our highly skilled team at Swim Quest Pool Service is the smart choice for ALL your pool service needs.


Microplate Shaker LMS-A10 is particularly used for liquid/solution mixing and shaking with PCR plate (96 wells) or denaturing of nucleic acids and proteins, stains and blots, micro-titer & immunoassays, enzyme and protein analysis and dyeing experiments. It is safe, reliable and highly precise and can be used in low temperature environment or incubator. This device is portable with compact design for easy and convenient operation.
|Shaking Speed Range||200 - 1500 rpm / min|
|Capacity||96 well x 4 plates|
|Temperature Range||No heating function|
|Timer||0 - 99 h 59 min|
|Dimension||284 x264 x 121 mm|
|Power Supply||220 V, 60 Hz|
Labtron Microplate Shaker is suitable for incubation and cultivation of biological and chemical components in microbiology, cellular and molecular biology, immunology and biotechnology.


- Pulp mill
or non-bleached, depending on the customer requirements.
Woodand other plant materials used to make pulp contain three main components (apart from water): cellulose fibres(desired for papermaking), lignin(a three-dimensional polymer that binds the cellulosefibres together) and hemicelluloses, (shorter branched carbohydratepolymers). The aim of pulping is to break down the bulk structure of the fiber source, be it chips, stems or other plant parts, into the constituent fibers.
Chemical pulping achieves this by degrading the lignin and hemicellulose into small, water-soluble molecules which can be washed away from the cellulose fibers without depolymerizing the cellulose fibres (chemically depolymerizing the cellulose weakens the fibers). The various mechanical pulping methods, such as groundwood (GW) and refiner mechanical (RMP) pulping, physically tear the cellulose fibres one from another. Much of the lignin remains adhering to the fibres. Strength is impaired because the fibres may be cut. There are a number of related hybrid pulping methods that use a combination of chemical and thermal treatment to begin an abbreviated chemical pulping process, followed immediately by a mechanical treatment to separate the fibers. These hybrid methods include thermomechanical pulping (TMP) and chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP). The chemical and thermal treatments reduce the amount of energy subsequently required by the mechanical treatment, and also reduce the amount of strength loss suffered by the fibers.
The first step in mills using trees as the fiber source is to remove the
bark. Bark contains relatively few useable fibers and is burned, along with other unusable plant material, to generate steam to run the mill.
Much of the information about the technology in following subsections is from the book by C.J. Biermann.cite book |last=Biermann |first=Christopher J. |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking |year=1993 |publisher=Academic Press, Inc. |location=San Diego |isbn=0-12-097360-X] . The chemistry of the various pulping processes can be found in Sjöström's book.cite book |author= Eero Sjöström |title= Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications |location=San Diego |publisher=
Academic Press|year= 1993 |isbn=0-12-647481-8]
Chemical pulp mills
Chemical pulping processes such as the kraft (or sulfate) process and the
sulfite processremove much of the hemicelluloses and lignin. The kraft process does less damage to the cellulose fibers than the sulphite process, thereby producing stronger fibers, but the sulfite process makes pulp that is easier to bleach. The chemical pulping processes use a combination of high temperature and alkaline (kraft) or acidic (sulphite) chemicals to break the chemical bonds of the lignin.
The material fed into the digester must be small enough to allow the pulping liquor to penetrate the pieces completely. In the case of wood, the logs are chipped and the chips screened so that what is fed to the digester is a uniform size. The oversize chips are rechipped or used as fuel, sawdust is burned. The screened chips or cut plant material (
bamboo, kenaf, etc) goes to the digesterwhere it is mixed an aqueous solution of the pulping chemicals, then heated with steam. In the kraft process the pulping chemicals are sodium hydroxideand sodium sulfideand the solution is known as white liquor. In the sulfite process the pulping chemical is a mixture of metal (sodium, magnesium, potassium or calcium) or ammonium sulfite or bisulfite. After several hours in the digester, the chips or cut plant material breaks down into a thick porridge-like consistency and is "blown" or squeezed from the outlet of the digester through an airlock. The sudden change in pressure results in a rapid expansion of the fibers, separating the fibres even more. The resulting fiber suspension in water solution is called "brown stock".
Brown stock washers, using countercurrent flow, remove the spent cooking chemicals and degraded lignin and hemicellulose. The extracted liquid, known as
black liquorin the kraft process, and red or brown liquor in the sulfite processes, is concentrated, burned and the sodium and sulfur compounds recycled in the recovery process. Lignosulfonatesare a useful byproduct recovered from the spent liquor in the sulfite process.cite web|url=http://www.lignin.org/whatis.html|title=Uses of lignosulfonates |accessdate=2007-10-07] The clean pulp (stock) can be bleached in the bleach plant or left unbleached, depending on the end use. The stock is sprayed onto the pulp machine wire, water drains off, more water is removed by pressing the sheet of fibers, and the sheet is then dried. At this point the sheets of pulp are several millimeters thick and have a coarse surface: it is not yet paper. The dried pulp is cut, stacked, bailed and shipped to another facility for whatever further process is needed.
Bleached kraft pulp and bleached sulfite pulp are used to make high quality, white printing paper. One of the most visible uses for unbleached kraft pulp is to make brown paper shopping bags and wrapping paper where strength is particularly important. A special grade of bleached sulfite pulp, known as dissolving pulp, is used to make cellulose derivatives such as
methylcellulosewhich are used in a wide range of everyday products from laxativesto baked goodsto wallpaperpaste.
Mechanical pulp mills
The earliest mills used sandstone grinding rollers to break up small wood logs called "bolts", but the use of natural stone ended in the 1940s with the introduction of manufactured stones with embedded
silicon carbideor aluminum oxide. The pulp made by this process is known as "stone groundwood" pulp (SGW). If the wood is ground in a pressurized,sealed grinder the pulp is classified as "pressure groundwood" (PGW) pulp. Most modern mills use chips rather than logs and ridged metal discs called refiner plates instead of grindstones. If the chips are just ground up with the plates, the pulp is called "refiner mechanical" pulp (RMP), if the chips are steamed while being refined the pulp is called "thermomechanical" pulp (TMP). Steam treatment significantly reduces the total energy needed to make the pulp and decreases the damage (cutting) to fibers. Mechanical pulp mills use large amounts of energy, mostly electricity to power motors which turn the grinders. A rough estimate of the electrical energy needed is 10,000 mega joules (MJ) per tonneof pulp (2,500 kW·hper short ton)
Chemi-mechanical pulp mills
Some mills pretreat wood chips or other plant material like straw with sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and other chemical prior to refinng with equipment similar to a mechanical mill. The conditions of the chemical treatment are much less vigorous (lower temperature, shorter time, less extreme pH) than in a chemical pulping process since the goal is to make the fibers easier to refine, not to remove lignin as in a fully chemical process. Pulps made using these hybrid processes are known as chemi-thermomechanical pulps (CTMP). Sometimes a CTMP mill is located on the same site as a kraft mill so that the effluent from the CTMP mill can be treated in the kraft recovery process to regenerate the inorganic pulping chemicals.
United Nations Environmental Program(UNEP) has approved only two processes for making the chemical bleach chlorine dioxide, which produce 99.8% chlorine dioxideand contain only 0.2% elemental chlorine. Contamination of the chlorine dioxide with elemental chlorine is considered undesirable, and may lead to environmental pollution. While properly treated effluent may be safe to discharge into water catchment areas, mills which discharge untreated effluent pollute water ways with persistent organic pollutants ( organochlorides and dioxins), and may breach the Stockholm Convention.
Bleaching of wood pulp
* [http://www.tri-inc.net/ Integrated Pulp Mill - Forest Biorefinery]
* [http://www.unionmillwright.com/paper4.html Pulp and Paper terminology]
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


Tough, flexible, translucent sheets that are made of bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is produced as a secretion from bacteria fed a sugary solution (in this case pineapple juice) in a warm bath. These sheets are made from remnant cuts from the larger sheets, with the majority of the sheet used to produce beauty care products. The leftover parts are pressed together with a roller forming a single homogenous sheet and dried in a hot-air oven. Finally, they are rigidized with hard paraffin, much in the way that waxed cotton is treated, making it impervious to water. The resulting membrane is claimed to be equivalent in stiffness to aluminum for the same weight, has a leather-like hand, and good mechanical properties such as tear strength and stitchability. They are offered in 290 x 200 mm (11.4 x 7.9 in) and in a nominal thickness of 1.2 mm (0.05 in). It can be customized in color, texture, thickness (give the bacteria more time) and in size (use a larger bath), giving it advantages over leather. The sheets can be used in many of the places that leather is currently used, for example as a fabric for bags and upholstery, and for accessories.


Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. After dyeing, dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with fiber molecules. The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in dyeing. There are mainly two classes of dye, natural and man-made. For improved fastness to washing, rubbing and light, other dyes such as vats and reactives are commonly used.
Adeel cloth Ind. has installed Dyeing Equipped with complete setup from Yarn Dyeing, Fabric Dyeing etc. and capable to dye upto 95 degree fastness.


Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
crystal structure of ternary complex of the catalytic domain of human phenylalanine hydroxylase (Fe(II)) complexed with tetrahydrobiopterin and norleucine
Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (EC 18.104.22.168), tyrosine 3-hydroxylase (EC 22.214.171.124), and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (EC 126.96.36.199). These enzymes primarily hydroxylate the amino acids L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan, respectively.
The AAAH enzymes are functionally and structurally related proteins which act as rate-limiting catalysts for important metabolic pathways. Each AAAH enzyme contains iron and catalyzes the ring hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids using tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) as a substrate. The AAAH enzymes are regulated by phosphorylation at serines in their N-termini.
Role in metabolism
In humans, phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency can cause phenylketonuria, the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Phenylalanine hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine. Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis: the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. Similarly, tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in serotonin biosynthesis: the conversion of L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan.
It has been suggested that the AAAH enzymes each contain a conserved C-terminal catalytic (C) domain and an unrelated N-terminal regulatory (R) domain. It is possible that the R protein domains arose from genes that were recruited from different sources to combine with the common gene for the catalytic core. Thus, by combining with the same C domain, the proteins acquired the unique regulatory properties of the separate R domains.
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- Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (5): 274–281. PMID 15860375. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007.
- Wang X, Li J, Dong G, Yue J (February 2014). "The endogenous substrates of brain CYP2D". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 724: 211–218. PMID 24374199. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.025.
The highest level of brain CYP2D activity was found in the substantia nigra ... The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the contribution of the alternative CYP2D-mediated dopamine synthesis to the concentration of this neurotransmitter although the classic biosynthetic route to dopamine from tyrosine is active. ... Tyramine levels are especially high in the basal ganglia and limbic system, which are thought to be related to individual behavior and emotion (Yu et al., 2003c). ... Rat CYP2D isoforms (2D2/2D4/2D18) are less efficient than human CYP2D6 for the generation of dopamine from p-tyramine. The Km values of the CYP2D isoforms are as follows: CYP2D6 (87–121 μm) ≈ CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D18 > CYP2D4 (256 μm) for m-tyramine and CYP2D4 (433 μm) > CYP2D2 ≈ CYP2D6 > CYP2D18 (688 μm) for p-tyramine


A nonionic surfactant useful in solubilizing protein aggregates. May also be used as a parting agent to facilitate removal of gels from tube walls.
Octylphenol-polyethyleneglycol ether; Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol
- Anal. Biochem., 34, 9 (1970); Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 211, 148 (1970)
- Irritant, Toxic (Ingestion)
- Gloves & fume hood
- Store at room temperature


(574i) Surface Mechanical Behavior of Biocompatible Poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid)-Block-Ethylene Glycol) (PLGA-PEG) Block Copolymers at the Air-Water Interface
The surface pressure-area isotherms of poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) monolayers at the air-water interface exhibit mixed patterns of behavior that seemingly represent both the glass transition of the condensed PLGA film and the lateral repulsion of the PEG brush chains that could occur simultaneously under lateral compression of the monolayer. A study was conducted to investigate which one of the above two mechanisms is more responsible for the observed PLGA-PEG isotherm behavior. Particularly, this study is focused on the isotherm behavior of PLGA-PEG monolayers at small monolayer areas. In this regime, the PLGA-PEG isotherms show a surface pressure upturn during continuous monolayer compression, similarly to the isotherms of PLGA homopolymers. However, unlike PLGA, the surface pressure vs. area behavior of the PLGA-PEG diblock copolymer exhibits little dependence on the compression rate. Also, the high surface pressure generated due to the monolayer compression and the molecular morphology of the monolayer developed under high compression were seen to relax very little over time. These observations suggest that in the diblock situation, the high monolayer surface pressure observed at high surface polymer concentrations is mainly due to the lateral repulsion of the PEG chains in the brush layer. These experimental results also compare favorably with predictions of the self-consistent field polymer brush theoretical model. A comparison of the interfacial rheological properties of the air-water monolayers formed by the PLGA-PEG diblock copolymer vs. a non-glassy analogue of this diblock copolymer, poly((D,L-lactic acid-ran-glycolic acid-ran-caprolactone)-block-ethylene glycol) (PLGACL-PEG) also support this conclusion. PLGA-PEG monolayers exhibit protein resistance and also reasonable chemical stability at the air-water interface, and therefore seem to have the potential to be used in lung surfactant applications.


The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics issued the following explanation on how lead affects your health:
Lead, a proven neurotoxin linked to learning and behavioral disorders, is one of the most studied heavy metals.
Exposure to lead can cause learning, language and behavioral problems such as lowered IQ, impulsiveness, reduced school performance, increases in aggression, seizures and brain damage, anemia, and, after long exposure, damage to the kidneys.
Lead has also been linked to miscarriage, reduced fertility in both men and women, hormonal changes, menstrual irregularities and delays in the onset of puberty.
Pregnant women and young children exposed to lead are particularly vulnerable. Lead easily crosses the placenta and enters the fetal brain where it interferes with normal development.
Increased blood levels of lead early in life can result in decreased attention span, reading disabilities, and failure to graduate from high school.
Given that lead does not break down in the body but accumulates over time, small amounts of lead can add up to harm. For inner city communities where children and adults have higher levels of lead from old paint in buildings and old water pipes, the lead in lipstick is unnecessarily adding to levels of harm that are already too high.
On The Lips, In The Body
We are a culture in love with lipstick - a love that for many women starts early. A 2004 survey of cosmetics use by 5,856 U.S. girls aged 7 to 19 found that 63 percent of the girls aged 10 and younger reported using lipstick.
When we lick our lips, eat and drink while wearing lipstick, or kiss someone who is wearing lipstick, we ingest the lipstick's ingredients. Glamour magazine's June 2002 "Beauty Quickie Tip" repeats a commonly quoted statistic, "Women inadvertently (but harmlessly) eat about 4 lbs of lipstick in a lifetime." Unfortunately, the latest science shows that no level of lead is "harmless."
Manuscript Published by The University of Michigan provided the following explanation on how lead affects your health:
Sources of exposure: air pollution, ammunition (shot and bullets), bathtubs (cast iron porcelain steel), batteries, canned foods, ceramics, chemical fertilizers, cosmetics, dolomite dust, foods grown around industrial areas, gasoline, hair dyes and rinses, leaded glass, newsprint and colored advertisements, paints, pesticides, pewter pottery, rubber toys, soft coal, soil, solder, tap water, tobacco smoke and vinyl 'mini-blinds'.
Target tissues: Bones, brain, heart, kidneys, liver, nervous system and pancreas.
Signs and Symptoms: Abdominal pain, anemia, anorexia, anxiety, bone pain, brain damage, confusion, constipation, convulsions, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headaches, hypertension, inability to concentrate, indigestion, irritability, loss of appetite, loss of muscle, coordination, memory difficulties, miscarriage, muscle pain, pallor, tremors, vomiting and weakness.
The toxicity of lead is widely acknowledged. The greatest risk for harm even with only minute or short-term exposure is to infants, young children and pregnant women.
A federal study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) in 1984 estimated that three to four million American children have an unacceptably high level of lead in their blood.
Dr. Suzanne Binder a CDCP official stated "Many people believed that when lead paint was banned from housing [in 1978] and lead was cut from gasoline [in the late 1970s] lead-poisoning problems disappeared but they're wrong.
We know that throughout the country children of all races and ethnicities and income levels are being affected by lead [already in the environment]."
In their book 'Toxic Metal Syndrome' Dr.'s R. Casdorph and M. Walker report that over 4 million tons of lead is mined each year and existing environmental lead levels are at least 500 times greater than pre-historic levels.
All children born in the U.S. today have measurable traces of pesticides a source of heavy metals and chlorine-based chemicals in their tissues.
Lead is a known neurotoxin (kills brain cells) and excessive blood lead levels in children have been linked to learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder (ADD), hyperactivity syndromes and reduced intelligence and school achievement scores.


Rabbit monoclonal antibody raised against a human PRKAR1A peptide using ARM Technology.
A synthetic peptide of human PRKAR1A is used for rabbit immunization. Customer or Abnova will decide on the preferred peptide sequence.
Quality Control Testing:
Antibody reactive against human PRKAR1A peptide by ELISA and mammalian transfected lysate by Western Blot.
In 1x PBS, pH 7.4
Store at -20°C or lower. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
1. Customer may provide cell or tissue lysate for antibody screening. 2. Rabbit monoclonal antibody generated by ARM technology is amenable to antibody engineering including F(ab)2, IgG, scFv and different Fc and non-Fc conjugates per customer request.
cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. This gene encodes one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that down-regulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids. Mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC). This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2. A nonconventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) has been found for this protein which suggests a role in DNA replication via the protein serving as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC40). Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit RIalpha,cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory chain,cAMP-dependent protein kinase, regulatory subunit alpha 1,protein kinase A type 1a regulatory subunit,tissue-specific extinguisher 1


Latest Vaccenic acid Stories
Blood levels of trans–fatty acids (TFAs) in white adults in the U.S. population decreased by 58 percent from 2000 to 2009 according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study published in the Feb. 8 edition of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A Canadian review, published in the latest edition of Advances In Nutrition suggests that trans fatty acids from ruminant animal sources, dairy, beef and lamb, may have beneficial health effects including reducing the risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
- A member of the swell-mob; a genteelly clad pickpocket. Sometimes mobsman.


Also known as Avermectin B1 and MK-936. Trade names include Affirm, Agri-Mek, Avid, Dynamec, Vertimec and Zephyr.
Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins containing > 80% avermectin B1a and < 20% avermectin B1b ( 1 ). These two components, B1a and B1b have very similar biological and toxicological properties (5 ). The avermectins are insecticidal or anthelmintic compounds derived from the soil bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis (2 ). Abamectin is a natural fermentation product of this bacterium (5 ).
Abamectin is used to control insect and mite pests of a range of agronomic, fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops, and it is used by homeowners for control of fire ants (5 ). Doses of 50 to 200 ug/kg of ivermectin, a similar member of the avermectin family of comounds, is widely used to treat humans in the World Health Organization onchocerciasis (river blindness) program (2 , 8 ).
Abamectin is a highly toxic material, however most formulated products containing abamectin are of low toxicity to mammals (5 , 7 ). Emulsifiable concentrate formulations may cause moderate eye irritation and mild skin irritation ( 1 ). Symptoms of poisoning observed in laboratory animals include pupil dilation, vomiting, convulsions and/or tremors, and coma (5 ).
Abamectin acts on insects by interfering with neural and neuromuscular transmission. It acts on a specific type of synapse located only within the brain and is protected by the blood-brain barrier. However, at very high doses, the mammalian blood-brain barrier can be penetrated, causing symptoms of CNS depression such as incoordination, tremors, lethargy, excitation and pupil dilation. Very high doses have caused death from respiratory failure (2 ).
Abamectin is not readily absorbed through skin. Tests with monkeys show that less than 1% of dermally applied abamectin was absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin (5 ). Abamectin does not cause allergic skin reactions (7 ).
Abamectin is relatively non-toxic to birds
Abamectin is highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrate
Effects on Other Animals (Nontarget species)
Abamectin is highly toxic to bees.
Breakdown of Chemical in Soil and Groundwater
Because abamectin is nearly insoluble in water and has a strong tendency to bind to soil particles, it is therefore immobile in soil and unlikely to leach or contaminate groundwater (6 , 7 ). Compounds produced by the degradation of abamectin are also immobile and unlikely to contaminate groundwater (6 ).
Abamectin is rapidly degraded in soil. At the soil surface, it is subject to rapid photodegradation, with half-lives of 8 and 21 hours (6 ) or 1 day ( 7 ) reported. When applied to the soil surface and not shaded, its soil half-life was about 1 week. Under dark, aerobic conditions, the soil half-life was 2 weeks to 2 months (7 ).
The half-life for avermectin B1a in fine sandy loam, clay and construction grade sand was 20 to 47 days. Loss of abamectin from these soils is thought to be due to microbial degradation because abamectin remained undegraded in sterile soil. The rate of degradation was significantly decreased under anaerobic conditions ( 6 ).
Breakdown of Chemical in Surface Water
Abamectin is rapidly degraded in water. After an initial distribution, its half-life in artificial pond water was 4 days. Its half- life in pond sediment was 2 to 4 weeks (6 ). It undergoes rapid photodegradation, with a half-life of 12 hours in water (6 , 7 ).
When tested at pH levels common to surface and groundwater (pH 5, 7, and 9), abamectin did not hydrolyze ( 6 ).
Breakdown of Chemical in Vegetation
Plants do not absorb abamectin from the soil (6 ). Abamectin is subject to rapid degradation when present as a thin film, as on treated leaf surfaces. Under laboratory conditions and in the presence of light, its half-life as a thin film was 4 to 6 hours


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About Roosevelt Chemical inc.
We are the manufacturer of the leading brands paint nationwide like TRITON, ROSCO, and LOTUS.
Roosevelt Chemical Inc. started out in 1979. It initially located in Roosevelt Ave. SFDM Quezon City where the company derived its name. Later on the company moved to San Juan and finally settled on its present location on Mariano Ave, Bo. De La Paz, Pasig City. Roosevelt Chemical Inc. leaps ahead in Resin Production, making them a part of the shortlist Resin producers in the country. Through this, consumers are assured and guaranteed that TRITON Products the best product attributed from its meticulous resin monitoring standards which provides consistent quality mixes.
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F. Mariano Ave. Bo. dela Paz,
Pasig City, National Capital Region (NCR)
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Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B Complex Capsules: Adults and children over 12 years of age, one capsule daily. Do not exceed recommended daily intake unless advised by a suitably qualified person.
Allergen Information: For allergens, see ingredients in bold.
Free From Yeast, Gluten, Artificial Preservatives and Flavourings.
Food Supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet and healthy lifestyle.
Each Vitamin B Complex Supreme Capsule contains (average):
|Thiamin (Vit. B1)||10mg||714|
|Riboflavin (Vit. B2)||10mg||625|
|Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)||10mg||500|
|*: EC Nutrient Reference Value Not Yet Established|
|INGREDIENTS FOR VITAMIN B COMPLEX SUPREME CAPSULES:Soybean Oil, Capsule shell (Gelatine, Glycerol, Purified Water), Palm oil, Choline bitartrate, Vitamin B1 (Thiamine mononitrate), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Niacin (Nicotinamide B3), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine hydrochloride), Pantothenic acid (Calcium pantothenate), Inositol, Para aminobenzoic acid (PABA), Soya Lecithin, Hydrogenated coconut oil, Yellow Beeswax, Folacin (Folic acid), Vitamin B12 (Cynocobalamin), Biotin, Colouring Agent (red iron oxide E172, yellow iron oxide E172)|


In cases like this, the column dimension is the same, but the silica is modified to make it non-polar by attaching very long hydrocarbon chains to its floor - generally with either eight or 18 carbon atoms in them. A polar solvent is utilized - for instance, a mixture of drinking water and an Alcoholic beverages such as methanol.
But You may also use the peaks as being a way of measuring the quantities in the compounds existing. Let us suppose that you are interested in a particular compound, X.
This is certainly often called the stationary section. This can be the workhorse from the HPLC device, is created from certainly one of a number of substances (frequently silica) and is extremely compact in nature.
If the force below the Verify valve is better than earlier mentioned it, the ball is lifted with the seat and solvent flows through the hole while in the seat. When the pressure is equal on each side of your valve or greater on the best, the ball settles onto the seat and delivers a seal. So long as the surfaces of equally elements are clean up, this combination can provide helpful sealing, even at UHPLC pressures of >one thousand bar (>14,five hundred psi).
This treatment presents a small circulation of solvent (frequently drinking water) around the lower-force side from the pump seal. This helps to dissolve contaminants from your piston area, give additional lubrication, and, in the case of UHPLC, might cool the piston so which the seal isn't going to soften as a result of warmth created below the intense strain of UHPLC Procedure.
In the event the compounds less than investigation are known, the user can elect to glance only at 1 or several selected wavelengths. As an illustration, cocaine may be observed at 254 nm.
The brand new Empyrean is the first thoroughly automated multipurpose diffractometer that allows the largest variety of measurements with none guide intervention.
A single key advantage is the usage of tandem MS-MS, the place the detector could possibly be programmed to choose certain ions to fragment. The calculated amount will be the sum of molecule fragments picked by the operator. Given that there won't be any interferences or ion suppression, the LC separation may be really brief.[eighteen]
Cell phase enters the column from the still left, passes in the particle bed, and exits at the proper. Movement route is represented by green arrows. Initially, consider the top rated impression; it represents the column at time zero [The instant of injection], if the sample enters the column and commences to sort a band.
HPLC UV detectors are utilised with large functionality liquid chromatography to detect and determine analytes while in the sample. A UV obvious HPLC detector employs mild to investigate samples. By measuring the sample's absorption of light at various wavelengths, the analyte may be determined. HPLC UV detectors may be used by any lab employing HPLC, such as genomic, biology, and biochemistry laboratories, to analyze nucleic acids, proteins, and also to do poisonous and therapeutic drug screening.
The moleacular electrostatic opportunity Power of the hydrogen ion at a specific area in the vicinity of a molecule. Detrimental electrostatic prospective corresponds to : partial detrimental charges , Favourable electrostatic likely corresponds to : partial good fees.
In HPLS procedure the detector's flow mobile is preserved at the regular temperature, as well as the circulation charge is strictly controlled, which makes it possible for the brands to say a sounds amount more info of 0.00001 AU. Remember this benefit is calculated for for a brief time span, and with the vacant move mobile.
Reduced sensitivity and growing baselines, noise, or spikes on the chromatogram can generally be attributed towards the cell phase.
Due to enormous precision provided by HPLC, it is the most widely utilized program during the pharmaceutical sector for analyzing the potency, purity, and performance of medications. The truth is, while in the US, pharmaceutical firms are mandated to determine the standard of their solutions making use of HPLC before marketing them.


What is natural flake graphite?
Flake graphite is a natural crystalline graphite, which is shaped like fish phosphorus, belongs to the hexagonal crystal system, and has a layered structure. It has good high temperature resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, lubrication, plasticity and acid and alkali resistance. Flake graphite is a natural solid lubricant with a layered structure, which is abundant in resources and cheap.
Natural flake graphite is formed when carbon materials are subjected to high pressure and high temperature. Carbon source materials can be organic or inorganic, although most commercial sources of flake graphite come from organic deposits.
What is natural graphite used for?
Graphite flakes are widely used in advanced refractories and coatings in the metallurgical industry. Such as magnesia carbon bricks, crucibles, etc.
Pyrotechnic material stabilizer in military industry, desulfurization accelerator in smelting industry, pencil lead in light industry, carbon brush in electrical industry, electrode in battery industry, catalyst in fertilizer industry, etc.
After in-depth processing of flake graphite, graphite milk can be produced, which is used in lubricants, mold release agents, wire drawing agents, conductive coatings, etc. It can also produce expanded graphite, which is used as raw material for flexible graphite products, such as flexible graphite seals and flexible graphite composite products.
Natural graphite is mainly used in refractories, batteries, steelmaking, expanded graphite, brake pads, casting surfaces and lubricants.
RBOSCHCO is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12 years experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials. The company export to many countries, such as USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania,Kenya,Egypt,Nigeria,Cameroon,Uganda,Turkey,Mexico,Azerbaijan,Belgium,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia,Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. As a leading nanotechnology development manufacturer, RBOSCHCO dominates the market. Our professional work team provides perfect solutions to help improve the efficiency of various industries, create value, and easily cope with various challenges. If you are looking for Natural flake graphite, please send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.org


Lead borosilie glass enamel flux Man-made Vitreous Fibers Man-made Vitreous Fibres Phosphorus furnace slag CAS Registry Nuer 65997-17-3 FDA UNII 3JRB8A35M0 Other Registry Nuer 94551-77-6 System Generated Nuer 0065997173 InChI
Lead borosilie glass* 65997 -173 36.3 0.017061 Aluminum Oxide* 1344-28-1 3.1 0.001457 Calcium-oxide* 1305-78-8 1.1 0.000517 Dibismuth-trioxide* 1304-76-3 11.1 0.005217 Digadolinium-trioxide* 12064 -629 14.1 0.006627 Material Nuer 51-L
Calcium nitrate, also called Norgessalpeter (Norwegian saltpeter), is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(NO 3) 2.This colourless salt absorbs moisture from the air and is commonly found as a tetrahydrate.It is mainly used as a component in fertilizers but …
Corrosion data for a various stainless steels in an extensive range of media. The corrosion data in this section is mainly based on the results of general corrosion laboratory tests, which are not strictly comparable with actual service conditions.The corrosion tables
Calcium Aluminum Borosilie - 266-046-0 Titanium Dioxide - 236-675-5 Mica - 310-127-6 Silica (amorphous) - 231-545-4 Tin Oxide - 242-159-0 DSCL (EEC): S22 - Do not breathe dust International Lists - All components of this product are listed on or compliant
Global Minerals Corporation - E-mail/RFQ, Website, Address, Phone, Profile, Directions IUPAC Name: barium(2+) carbonate | CAS Registry Nuer: 513-77-9 Synonyms
20/8/2020· Soda-lime glass, most common form of glass produced. It is composed of about 70 percent silica (silicon dioxide), 15 percent soda (sodium oxide), and 9 percent lime (calcium oxide), with much smaller amounts of various other compounds. The soda serves as a
baoji ruriong machinery manufacturing co.,ltd Contact person: Ms. harry liu Tel: 86-917-3243106 Street address: taiping road jintai district shaanxi Bangladesh Whitegold Enterprise Contact person: Ms. Sir Tel: 880-2-9514671 Street address: Baitul Khair (3rd
General information Sodium gluconate is the sodium salt of gluconic acid, produced by fermentation of glucose.It is a white to tan, granular to fine, crystalline powder, very soluble in water. Non corrosive, non-toxic and readily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days
[3CE / STYLENANDA]. Pro Multi Eye Color Palette. Daily color composition of the essential basic yet versatilely utilizable 25 unit of shadow palette allows you to act out ever changing emotion. Applicable not only for shadow but also eyebrow and shading.
LOT NUER Starry Pink Glitter N/A: Sparkling Particles TKB TRADING, LLC 1101 9th Avenue Oakland, CA 94606 Tel: 510-922-9027 COMPONENT CAS # INCI NAME/CI NO % BY WEIGHT Calcium Aluminum Borosilie 65997-170~1
Expert Wear Eyeshadow, Eye Makeup by Maybelline. Long lasting eyeshadow colors to mix and match to create your favorite eye makeup looks that will last all day. G3311 2 MAYB Expert Wear ES Reno High Pearl INGREDIENTS TALC TRIISOSTEARIN
BOM Item Material CAS Nuer Material Weight (mg) Material PPM of Component Material % of BOM Item BOM Item Weight (mg) BOM Item % of Component Ceramic substrate aluminum oxide 1344-28-1 9.7075 795,522 96.00% silicon dioxide 14808-60-7 0
Shades 23, 26 INGREDIENTS : MICA, TALC, HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE, SYNTHETIC FLUORPHLOGOPITE, DIMETHICONE, DIMETHICONE/VINYL DIMETHICONE CROSSPOLYMER, CALCIUM ALUMINUM BOROSILIE, SILICA [+/- MAY CONTAIN (PEUT CONTENIR): CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES), CI 42090 (BLUE 1), CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 61570 (GREEN 5)].
21/2/2020· Top quality and fast delivery, Propylene Carbonate USP NF Grade Manufacturers Exporters, CAS Nuer 108-32-7 cGMP, GLP (FDA) Approved, FDA Approved, ISO-9001, ISO-14001, ISO/IEC 17025, ISO OHSAS-18001, HACCP, FSSC 220000, FSSAI, "REACH
CAS Nuer: 90-47-1 Chemical Formula: C 13 H 8 O 2 click here for details WEB SEARCH MSDS RESOURCES SUPPLIERS « previous next » Synonyms: [more] 90-47-1, 95502_FLUKA,
Are you a supplier Here''s what we can do for you Generate quality leads for your business Stay visible for 365 days of the year Receive product inquiries and respond to meeting requests directly Improve company online presence through Search Engine Optimisation
IUPAC Name: aluminum;calcium;sodium;silie | CAS Registry Nuer: 1344-02-1 Synonyms: 1344-01-0, Novasil, Silton AMT 08, Silton JC 40, Silton JC 50, Silton JC 70, Novasil (aluminosilie), Calcium sodium aluminosilie, Sodium calcium aluminosilie, Sodium calcium silicoaluminate, aluminum;calcium;sodium;silie, HSDB 5824, EINECS 215-685-3, Sodium calcium …
Flow Indior (5084A04) Clear polystyrene Provides immediate visual indiion of water, air or gas flow, indiing continuity and relative flow rate Minimum flow rate to actuate the ball with water is 50 mL/min. in horizontal position, 140 mL/min. in vertical position.
Shop a large selection of Ammonium products and learn more about Ammonium Formate in Water, 10mM, with 0.05% Formic Acid, LC-MS , Thermo Scientific. 1L, Borosilie Glass Mobile phase blend suitable for analysis such as vitamin D and drugs of abuse
Bring on wearable neutrals with bold splashes of colour from Maybelline''s Lemonade Craze Eyeshadow Palette. A fresh take on the classic palette, these pigmented shades offer endless possibilities. Softer hues to highlight, darker shades to amplify and define, and
Get Lippy! With our no1 best selling lip product. Glides on in ones smooth appliion One swipe, you won''t need a second coat Light texture and comfortable wear Non-drying, does not cake or flake How to use Apply to clean, dry lips. Ingredients Isododecane
Boric Acid is a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The exact mechanism of action of boric acid is unknown; generally cytotoxic to all cells. It is used in the treatment of yeast infections and cold sores.
STEP 2: G2296 TRIMETHYL PENTAPHENYL TRISILOXANE, IS-DIGLYCERYL POLYACYLADIPATE-2, OZOKERITE, CERA ALBA/BEESWAX/CIRE DABEILLE, CALCIUM SODIUM BOROSILIE, CALCIUM ALUMINUM BOROSILIE, TOCOPHERYL [+/- MAY CONTAIN/PEUT CONTENIR MICA, CI 77891/TITANIUM DIOXIDE, CI 77491/IRON OXIDES] F.I.L. D8974/11
239 Great Neck Road Great Neck, NY 11021, USA Tel: +1 (516) 487 3510 Fax: +1 (516) 487 3794


, which known as Lead MonoSilicate is an economical
compound for introducing Lead Metal into a glaze and as a source of
Lead in the glass industry. Lead MonoSilicate is available in
either granulated or ground form. In the finely powdered form, it is
readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric and acetic acids.
This composition is the eutectic mixture of Lead Ortho-silicate
and Lead Metasilicate with a chemical composition of 85% Litharge (PbO)
and 15% Silica (SiO2).


Lab Grown Diamonds
At Diamond Elite we value both lab grown and natural diamonds. Both are equally as impressive in terms of providing that brilliance and fire that is sought after with diamonds. Let’s explore both lab grown diamonds further.
Lab grown diamonds also known as cultured or engineered diamonds are artificially grown in a laboratory using advanced processes that mimic the conditions of which diamonds are naturally formed in the Earth. These lab grown diamonds are grown from a tiny carbon seed of natural diamond, this carbon seed is then exposed to extreme heat which mimics the same method a natural diamond is formed. Lab grown diamonds consist of actual carbon atoms arranged in the characteristic diamond crystal structure and as such are made of the same material as natural diamonds they will exhibit the same optical and chemical properties as one another.
Given the chemical properties are the same, when a lab grown diamond is tested using a standard handheld diamond tester the result will be the same as a natural diamond. Only using specialised equipment can a lab grown diamond be distinguished from a natural diamond via the minor differences in trace elements and crystal growth patterns. Another way to identify whether a diamond is lab grown is to check its Grading Report Certificate. Any reputable and trusted jeweller will declare upfront whether the diamond is lab grown or natural
Overall lab grown diamonds look and feel the same as a natural diamond. They are available in all shapes and sizes as well as in various specifications. Despite all these similarities between a lab grown diamond and a natural diamond there is a vast difference in price between the two.
Keep in mind at Diamond Elite all our lab grown engagement rings come with a Grading Report Certificate conducted by an independent laboratory so you know exactly what you’re getting.


A major question regarding the global distribution of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) is one of transport. It has been suggested that atmospheric transport of volatile precursor compounds to remote areas and subsequent degradation to the nonvolatile PFCs is responsible for contamination of biota. This paper presents surface water PFC concentrations aimed at identifying tracers of atmospheric sources. Concentrations of PFCs including perfluorocarboxylates from C 6 to C10 and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are presented here from urban surface waters with presumably both atmospheric and nonatmospheric sources of PFCs, remote waters with only atmospheric sources of PFCs, and Lake Michigan. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were detected in all surface water samples, and PFOS was detected in all but two samples. PFOS concentrations ranged from nondetect to 1.2 ng/L and from 2.4 to 47 ng/L in remote and urban surface waters, respectively. PFOA concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 0.66 ng/L and from 0.45 to 19 ng/L in remote and urban surface waters, respectively. The ratio of PFHpA to PFOA increased with increasing distance from nonatmospheric sources suggesting that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric deposition of PFCs to surface waters. The ratio ranged from 0.5 to 0.9 in urban areas and from 6 to 16 in remote areas. Applying this tracer to measurements from Lake Michigan indicates that the primary source of PFCs to Lake Michigan is nonatmospheric, most likely inputs from wastewater treatment effluent.


& Data Analysis
Protein gel analysis
Keeping a lab notebook
Writing research papers
Dimensions & units
Using figures (graphs)
Examples of graphs
Principles of microscopy
Solutions & dilutions
Fractionation & centrifugation
Radioisotopes and detection
The solution or suspension to be assayed is placed in a sealed chamber that is exposed to the surface of a Clark oxygen electrode. This dissolved oxygen (D.O.) chamber contains one or more access ports for adding/removing materials. The medium is stirred to ensure homogeneity and to ensure that oxygen can freely diffuse into the electrode. The presence of oxygen causes the electrode to deliver a current to the oxygen monitor, which amplifies the current and converts it to a voltage output that is directly proportional to the concentration of oxygen in the chamber. The recorder moves a paper chart at constant speed, so that when the recorder pen moves in response to voltage changes, oxygen content is recorded as a function of time.
For mitochondria studies our medium of choice consists of 70 mM sucrose, 220 mM mannitol, 2 mM HEPES buffer, 5 mM magnesium chloride, 5 mM potassium phosphate, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.1% fatty acid free bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4. In our results we refer to the rate at which total chamber oxygen declines as the oxygen consumption rate.
For polarographic systems we use custom made glass Gilson type DO chambers that hold a nominal volume of 2 ml. Gilson type chambers are designed with water jackets, however we haven't found it necessary to regulate temperature in our studies. We use the smallest availble "flea sized" stirring bars (maximum 5/16" l x 1/16" dia) to maintain laminar flow in the chambers. For dissolved oxygen detection we use Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) #5331 Clark electrodes withYSI Model 5300 two channel biological oxygen monitors. We record data on Kipp & Zonen BD single channel chart recorders.
A Clark oxygen electrode is composed of two half cells separated by a salt bridge. A platinum electrode is separated from a solid silver electrode by insulating material. A concentrated potassium chloride solution is held in place over the surfaces of the electrodes by a teflon membrane which is attached by an O-ring that surrounds the electrodes. The oxygen monitor holds a constant voltage difference across the two electrodes so that the platinum electrode is negatively charged with respect to the silver electrode.
Platinum is a strong catalyst for the covalent dissociation or reassociation of water. In the Clark electrode, electrons "boil" off of the platinum electrode, combining with dissolved molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions to produce water. The rate at which electrons boil off is proportional to the concentration of oxygen that is available to "grab" them. The movement of electrons is an electrical current, of course, which is then converted to a voltage by the oxygen monitor circuitry as mentioned above.
Biologists are often happy to leave the details to the physical scientists. However, successful biologists know the principles behind their instrumentation so that they are prepared to troubleshoot instrumentation or even modify a system to fit their needs. Here is how the reactions balance. Current flows from the silver electrode to the platinum electrode as electrons boil off into solution from the latter. Removal of electrons from solid silver produces silver ions. The silver ions combine with chloride ions in solution to precipitae silver chloride on the surface of the silver electrode. This leaves potassium ions behind, however since hydrogen ions are taken out of solution by the consumption of oxygen, the charge remains balanced.
On earth, at standard temperature and pressure the proportion of oxygen in air, by volume, is 20.9% (at least for now). In an aqueous solution that is allowed to equilibrate with room air, oxygen again constitutes 20.9% of the total dissolved gas. In both air and in solution, the balance is mostly nitrogen, with some carbon dioxide present as well.
The concentration of dissolved gas in solution varies with temperature, and may be markedly affected by solutes and other solvents present in solution. For example, a warm solution holds less oxygen than a cold solution. The presence of ethanol significantly increases the capacity of an aqueous solution to hold oxygen. In your studies, temperature variation in the room may affect equilibration of your media with room air and the stability of the records. Some reagents that you add to the chamber will contain ethanol.
A buffered solution of mitochondria respiration medium (e.g., 70 mM sucrose, 220 mM mannitol, 2 mM HEPES buffer, 5 mM magnesium chloride, 5 mM potassium phosphate, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.1% fatty acid free bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4), equilibrated with room air, typically holds 0.237 micromoles molecular oxygen per ml at 25 degrees C. Knowing the volume of medium in the chamber, one can calculate the total oxygen. From the records, the investigator can calculate how much oxygen in micromoles is used up per unit time.


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Assessment of Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Lignans from Taxus baccata L.
- Nurgun Kucukboyacı, Ilkay Orhan, Bilge Şener, S. Ahmad Nawaz, M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 2014 v.65 no.3-4 pp. 187-194
- Alzheimer disease, acetylcholinesterase, ions, Taxus baccata, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, iron, linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase, chromatography, pathogenesis, lignans, cholinesterase, chlorogenic acid, antioxidant activity
- Phytochemical investigations of Taxus baccata L. by successive chromatographic methods resulted in the isolation of the lignans lariciresinol (1), taxiresinol (2), 3´-demethylisolariciresinol- 9´-hydroxyisopropylether (3), isolariciresinol (4), and 3-demethylisolariciresinol (5) as well as taxoids. Compounds 1 - 5 were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory activities, which play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by in vitro spectrophotometric methods, while they were also screened for their antioxidant capacity in 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating effect, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) at 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg ml-1. All compounds exhibited a moderate inhibition against both BChE and LOX, whereas they were inactive towards AChE. The compounds displayed a great scavenging activity against DPPH especially at 500 and 1000 μg ml⁻¹. Besides, they were found to exert noteworthy reducing antioxidant power on ferric ions. In particular, the FRAP of compounds 2 (3.552 ± 0.02), 4 (3.021 ± 0.71), and 5 (3.533 ± 0.01) were as high as that of the reference chlorogenic acid (3.618 ± 0.01) at 1000 μg ml⁻¹. None of the compounds exhibited chelating ability against ferrous ions.


Abstract 1663 | The Liver Meeting® 2020, the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)
Authors: Seth J. Baum, Stephen A. Harrison, Nadege T. Gunn, Ziad H. Younes, Anita Kohli, Rashmee Patil, Harinder Chera, Jeff Zhao, Manu V. Chakravarthy, and Margaret J. Koziel
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is multifactorial, mediated by dysregulated metabolic and fibroinflammatory pathways. Because NAFLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a well-established bidirectional link, with insulin resistance serving as a common metabolic driver, targeting insulin resistance is a potential strategy for managing NAFLD. Endogenous metabolic modulators (EMMs) encompass a broad set of molecular families that include amino acids (AAs), fatty acids and other lipids, bile acids, ketone bodies, hormones, and other molecules. EMMs can be selectively combined to form EMM compositions to simultaneously support multiple metabolic nodes and pathways key to liver health and multifactorial diseases. As novel, orally administered EMM compositions of AAs and related metabolites and precursors, AXA1125 and AXA1957 are specifically designed to support pathways related to liver metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in a multitargeted manner. AXA1125 is composed of leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, glutamine, and N-acetylcysteine (LIVRQNac). A previous non-IND clinical study (AXA1125-002) assessed the safety, tolerability, and biological activity of AXA1125 on liver structure and function in subjects with NAFLD and T2D and demonstrated positive directional changes in biomarkers related to liver fat, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and fibrosis, results that were supported by targeted plasma metabolomic and lipidomic data. Composed of leucine, isoleucine, arginine, glutamine, N-acetylcysteine, carnitine, and serine (LIRQNacCarS), AXA1957 is isonitrogenous to AXA1125 and was developed to examine additional biological activity.


Measurement precision and range. To evaluate measurement precision, 10 consecutive headspace moisture measurements of a 50-mL clear glass vial containing
16 capsules of a gelatin encapsulated dry product were taken at 40 °C. Measurement precision, expressed by the percent relative
standard deviation (% RSD) of the 10 consecutive readings, was 1.1%.
Table V: Summary of key attributes of the various headspace-moisture techniques examined in the study.
Measurement precision also was evaluated by repetitive measurements of several saturated salt solutions at 25 and 40 °C. An
individual vial containing a specified saturated salt solution was prepared for each measurement (see Tables VII and VIII).
As Figures 6a and 6b show, % RSD values increased as the % RH value decreased.
The ability of the FMS 1400 headspace-moisture analyzer to accurately measure relative humidity values close to 0% RH and
100% RH also was evaluated (see Table VI and Figure 6b). Five 50-mL clear vials containing USP water (with an expected relative
humidity of 100%) and equilibrated at 40 °C were measured. The results (mean = 98.8%, RSD = 0.4%) suggested that the Lighthouse
instrument can measuring up to 100% RH with a high degree of accuracy. At the low end, five 50-mL clear vials containing dried
desiccants (with an expected relative humidity of 0%) and equilibrated at 40 °C were measured. The results (mean = 0.8%, RSD
= 37.5%) suggested acceptable performance at the low end of the expected relative humidity range as well, although with less
Table VI: Examination of the specificity of the FMS 1400.
This article introduced a novel nondestructive technique that is based on frequency modulation spectroscopy for the measurement
of moisture activity in optically transparent packages. The technique appears to be a promising tool with reasonable method
specificity, measurement precision, method precision, accuracy, linearity, range, and excellent analyst-to-analyst and time
stability. The ability to make moisture activity measurements nondestructively for samples in a sealed glass container also
enables new applications and offers significant advantages over traditional techniques.
Table VII: Accuracy and linearity for measurements at 25 °C for the FMS 1400.
The sealed system avoids all sample-handling issues during the measurement because the samples are not exposed to the environment.
Furthermore, there is no interference from preceding measurements or concerns for leakage (because the sealed stopper-vial
system provides an excellent barrier). Some applications enabled by this technique not offered by traditional techniques include
measurement of moisture activity in optically transparent packages (e.g., lyophilized products) without breach of package, measurements of samples sealed in an inert gas atmosphere, and monitoring
of moisture exchange between samples in real time. The high cost of the instrument will, however, restrict widespread application
of this technique.
Table VIII: Accuracy and linearity for measurements at 40 °C for the FMS 1400.


There are 5 basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and ‘umami’. Monosodium glutamate or ‘MSG’ is a food additive responsible for the umami taste.
You may have heard of MSG being referred to as the ‘flavour enhancer”. This is because the umami taste tends to also enhance the palatability and overall flavour intensity of the food it is added to.
What is it?
Glutamate is one of the most commonly found amino acids in nature. It is in many common natural plant and animal foods. Just to name a few, this includes tomatoes, mushrooms, broccoli, fish, meat, cheese, and even human breast milk.
Glutamate is a non-essential amino acid. This does not mean that we don’t need it – it means that the human body can make glutamate itself if needed, as well as obtaining it from the diet. It is required for normal human physiological function.
The glutamate part of MSG comes from glutamic acid which is a common amino acid. Remember: amino acids are simply the building blocks of protein. All proteins are made up of strings of amino acids linked together.
Sodium is a mineral that is naturally found in food but can also be added in the manufacturing process. For example, combining sodium with chloride gives common table salt which we often add to our food. Other common foods containing sodium include Himalayan pink salt, sodium bicarbonate, and rock salt.
Monosodium glutamate is formed when the glutamate (from glutamic acid) attaches to a sodium mineral ion.
Neither glutamate nor sodium are inherently dangerous. But the Australian guidelines recommend adults eat less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day which is about equal to 6 grams of salt. The sodium in MSG does contribute to daily sodium intake.
Is MSG Dangerous?
Myths and stigma surrounding the safety of MSG consumption have been around for a long time. They typically stem from a condition called “Chinese Restaurant Syndrome” (CRS) or “MSG symptom complex”.
Over the last few decades, CRS has been reported to occur both anecdotally, and in a variety of studies in people consuming MSG. Symptoms such as weakness, flushing, dizziness, headache, difficulty in breathing, numbness, muscle tightness, and even syncope were common.
The available literature on MSG showing such negative side effects is usually completely irrelevant to how you would consume MSG. For example, some studies showing toxic effects have been done in animals, having rats eating up to 100g per kilogram of MSG per day for 45 days.
Eating 100g per kg for a 75kg person would mean eating 750 grams of MSG per day. We don’t even eat 750g of protein or carbohydrates per day (even when carb-loading), let alone 750g of a salty, sparingly used food additive.
The average intake in industrialised European countries is 0.3 to 1g per day. To put that in perspective a “large amount” of MSG for a human to consume would be 3g. This is many, many magnitudes of difference from toxic effects found in studies.
Based on the available high-quality scientific evidence, MSG is safe for all life-cycle stages without respect to ethnic origin or culinary background. Many claims of side effects are at levels irrelevant to human exposure. There has been no consistent evidence showing reactions to MSG differing from placebo.
To your body, the sodium and glutamate in MSG are exactly the same as those that could be found naturally in food. Meaning that your body doesn’t know if the glutamate came from a mushroom or a packet of Doritos.
How Much Is Too Much?
Food Standards Australia and New Zealand (FSANZ) have not set a limit on the acceptable daily intake on the basis of MSG having such low toxicity levels. The European Food Safety Authority’s acceptable daily intake (of 30mg/kg body weight/day) is deemed unattainable to reach when MSG is consumed at normal dietary levels.
However, too much sodium from salt in the diet has been linked with increased blood pressure and hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke and heart attack.
So if you are required medically to limit your sodium intake, you should consider your MSG intake and its contribution to sodium intake.
There is some evidence linking MSG intake with obesity in certain populations. But this data is only observational – meaning it cannot be said that MSG is the cause, and the mechanism of action (why) MSG would cause obesity is not known.
One suggestion is simply that MSG enhances the taste of the food making it easier to overeat. This is something to be conscious of as it may lead to weight gain long-term.
On the other hand… there is also observational evidence showing there is no link between MSG and obesity.
How To Check For MSG In Food
In Australia, labelling laws state that packaged food must declare the presence of MSG, or any other flavour enhancers as ‘flavour enhancer’ followed by their name or number. MSG’s designated number is 621.
For example, MSG could be identified on an ingredients list as:
- ‘Monosodium glutamate’
- ‘Flavour enhancer (MSG)’
- ‘Flavour enhancer (621)’
Ingredient labelling also applies to other added permitted glutamate food additives. These have the food additive code numbers 622 – 625.
Keep in mind some foods don’t legally require labels. Food served in cafes or restaurants, or when glutamates and glutamate salts are naturally present in a food or food ingredients (e.g. in yeast extract, or hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP), don’t have to be labelled or declare MSG.
Overall, MSG is well regarded as safe (and delicious) and as with most foods/food components, MSG almost certainly falls into the realm of ‘some is fine, don’t overdo it’.
MSG and Food Chemical Intolerances
Glutamate (and MSG) may also fall under the classification of ‘food chemicals’ or ‘food additives’.
Food chemicals are not as villainous as they may sound. Broadly, a food chemical/additive is “any substance added to food to maintain or improve its safety, freshness, taste, texture, or appearance”.
Even proteins are just chemical compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen…
Food additives have been around forever and even include simple things like salt and sugar that we use in curing or drying meats, pickling or fermenting vegetables, and making preserves. In winemaking, sulphur dioxide is added to prevent oxidation and inhibits the growth of bacteria and yeast.
So simply saying a food chemical is bad because of the stigma around words like “chemical” or “additive” is not a good practice. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), is the international body responsible for evaluating the safety of food additives and they undergo rigorous examination before being declared safe and legal to use in food production.
However, this may not mean that certain individuals won’t experience response from food chemical exposure.
The concept of food chemical sensitivity or intolerance is not new, (with studies exploring their effects dating back to the 1970s). The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH) created an elimination diet as a way of diagnosing and managing food chemical intolerance in an individual.
Naturally occurring glutamate in foods (such as tomatoes, spinach, grapes, mushrooms, peas), and by extension, the glutamate in MSG, is listed as a food chemical to eliminate during the initial phase of the RPAH’s elimination diet (also sometimes referred to as the Failsafe diet).
In relation to MSG specifically, the RPAH’s own research states that “isolated MSG intolerance was rare” in the populations studied at the RPA hospital, and that:
“From the MSG questionnaire it was concluded that the population knowledge about the nature of MSG was incomplete and in many instances incorrect. Furthermore, people who self-report MSG intolerance often do not have a clear grasp of what MSG is and in which food products it is present.”
I would cautiously interpret this data, along with the weight of existing literature, and advice of international bodies governing the safety of food chemicals and their use – to indicate that ‘MSG is safe and tolerable at normal levels, and that in general people don’t even know what it is, let alone if it is causing symptoms or not…’
If you are convinced that glutamate or MSG may be causing you symptoms, working with a dietitian experienced in implementing the RPAH elimination diet would likely be the best avenue to address this.
One final quote from a 2020 paper “A review of the alleged health hazards of monosodium glutamate” published in Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety states in summary:
Critical analysis of existing literature, establishes that many of the reported negative health effects of MSG have little relevance for chronic human exposure and are poorly informative as they are based on excessive dosing that does not meet with levels normally consumed in food products.Zanfirescu, A., Ungurianu, A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Nițulescu, G. M., Kouretas, D., Veskoukis, A., Tsoukalas, D., Engin, A. B., Aschner, M., & Margină, D. (2019). A review of the alleged health hazards of monosodium glutamate. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 18(4), 1111–1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12448


Cocaine Cuts EZ-Test – One Pack
By using this easy-to-use, inexpensive test you can be assured that your sample isn’t tainted with these crazy adulterants that can have devastating effects on your health and well-being.
Uncut, pure cocaine does not react to this test. Any color means impurities! However, it doesn’t say how pure your sample is. For this we recommend our test for Cocaine Purity.
The reagent itself has a golden yellow color. Detailed instructions and a color chart to compare your results with are included in the box. Within seconds you will have a pretty good idea of what you’re dealing with!
Contains a Single test.