{"text": "Meet SfL’s new farmer envoys\nEight prominent voices in the U.S. food and agriculture sectors have joined our broad mission to advance land-based solutions to the interconnected challenges the world now faces.\nWhat is Solutions From the Land?\nSolutions from the Land (SfL) is leading an agricultural renaissance through which innovative and entrepreneurial farmers, ranchers and foresters produce nutritious food, feed, fiber, clean energy, healthy ecosystems, quality livelihoods and strong rural economies. When you partner with Solutions from the Land, you provide leadership in solving global challenges like climate change and shaping the future of agriculture and forestry at home and around the world. Join us in advancing the multiple outcomes that successful agriculture and forestry can deliver!\nGET INSIGHTFUL NEWS FROM SfL\nWatch the video “Introducing the Call for an Agricultural Renaissance” and sign up to get more inspiring news from SfL.\nThe 21st Century Agriculture Renaissance: Solutions from the Land report gives a land steward perspective on how transformational, systemic change can meet mega-challenges faced worldwide. As farmers and other land managers, together we call for an agricultural renaissance and outline what we need to deliver high value solutions that will improve rural livelihoods and the planet.\nSfL Co-Chair A.G. Kawamura, a California produce grower and shipper, told a gathering of global agriculture and food system leaders today that an \"agricultural renaissance\" now underway in the 21st Century, shifting humanity \"towards a new framework of whatever is possible is feasible, and...\nFeatured Blog Post\nA comprehensive analysis released by EPA last month shows domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sinks across all sectors from 1990 through 2020. While there is fluctuation in the totals recorded in each of the 30 years analyzed, they generally trend up. Over the period, agriculture's overall...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Harvest Elite 360 stands out thanks to its stainless steel design and silver finish, but also offers a bunch of other features to look forward to, such as the round compact shape, the soil-free pre-seeded pods, or the sleek LCD control panel.\nYes, you can grow fruits in an AeroGarden, even tomatoes and strawberries!\nNow, it’s important for you to know that there are many types of grow lights available, each with their own characteristics:\nAeroGarden is a brand that supplies all the needed tools and systems so that you can set up your own indoor garden and grow beautiful plants with bountiful harvests.\nDepending on your exact energy plan, you can end up paying as little as for the energy costs of running the AeroGarden Sprout for an entire month.\nPeople that are really serious about indoor gardening and want to be able to grow multiple plants at once are going to love the Farm Family line of products. You can find indoor gardens with 12 or 24 pods, depending on how invested you are in this new hobby. For the sake of showing you just what these products can do, let’s take a look at the “head of the family”, which is the Farm 24XL model.\nSo far, so good, but hydroponic gardening has a bunch of different systems, with some of them being more suited for beginners, and the others including more complex mechanisms. Beginners that want to get started about hydroponic growing need to know about the following systems:\nAbout Hydroponic Gardening\nIf you decide to take a look into the AeroGarden Sprout, you are going to find everything you need for those of you that are on a budget, have limited space, or don’t plan on growing too many plants at once. It has a modern design that you’re used to seeing in this company’s products by now, offering 10 inches of growth height for a variety of different plants. It has an ultra-thin grow light hood with full-spectrum LED lights. The controls are simple to use and very intuitive, located on the top of the light hood for easy access. The grow light hood is equipped with 60 LED bulbs that are designed to offer similar lighting conditions to those found outside, so that your plants can thrive no matter the indoor conditions.\nEditor’s choice: The AeroGarden Bounty Family\nThe post AeroGarden – The Best And Easy Way To Grow Plants Indoor appeared first on Homedit.\nThe wick system\nIt really depends on the type of AeroGarden model we’re talking about. The AeroGarden Farm uses about 126 watts on average, so it would cost .30 per month (more or less). The most energy-efficient AeroGarden is the Sprout which consumes about 13 watts and costs an average of\nThe ebb and flow system\nAeroGarden’s Harvest line of indoor plant growing solutions currently features five different models to choose from, each with a bunch of unique characteristics that offer consumers a wider range of products. For instance, there is the Harvest Elite Slim, with an ultra-thin grow light hood, a vacation mode (to keep your plants healthy even while you’re away), an easy-to-use and elegantly designed control panel, an extendable arm lamp, and other useful features.\nThe nutrient film technique\nAs you can see, AeroGarden is a brand that you can fully trust when it comes to your indoor gardening needs. They offer a wide selection of systems that meets the needs of different consumers, but also sells seeds and other tools needed to have a beautiful indoor garden. The most important thing to remember is that there are differences between each of these systems, so what works for you might not work for another gardening enthusiast.\nBest for herbs: The AeroGarden Harvest Family\nTips for Using an AeroGarden\nAlso known as “lettuce raft”, this is another system that’s fairly easy to set up. It uses a Styrofoam platform to place the plants in whilst floating on top of a reservoir filled with water rich in nutrients. It requires additional aeration with a raft system, but it’s the one that’s most efficient for growing leafy vegetables (particularly lettuce). It doesn’t work well for long-lived plants (such as tomatoes).\n- If you notice that your AeroGarden had blinking lights, consider it as a notification to water/feed your plants. When you’re done, press the button to notify the system that the task is complete and wait for it to blink the next time.\n- Even if you grow your plants in an AeroGarden, they need regular trimming. You want to avoid the roots from getting overcrowded, but also focus on cutting plants that aren’t healthy. This helps control unnecessary root growth.\n- Always choose the types of plants you want to grow based on the size of your AeroGarden. A common mistake is choosing plants that outgrow the height of the AeroGarden.\n- Always keep in mind that the plants you grow in an AeroGarden usually grow five times faster compared to the time it takes to grow them outdoors. This will help you plan harvests and know which plants to rely on and when.\n- Tap water isn’t always the best solution for an AeroGarden harvest. You know the water quality is poor if you notice brown or yellow leaves on your plants. However, AeroGarden’s liquid nutrients can help with hard water, making it more suitable for seeds and plants.\n- AeroGardens can get dirty too, so you have to ensure proper maintenance. When your plants grow, evaporated nutrients will start leaving residue, plant pieces, mineral deposits, and other things that shouldn’t be there. Change the water every few weeks to avoid mineral deposits. The top of your AeroGarden needs to be wiped once a week as well, in order to prevent dust and grime build-up. Don’t leave any dead plants where they’re not supposed to be.\n- Even plants that are grown in an AeroGarden need proper support depending on their variety. Plants like tomatoes or peas will end up being crushed under their own weight if they don’t have proper support. These support systems also help with air circulation and prevent the bottom side of the plant from being suffocated.\nThe Best Aerogarden Reviews\nFarm Family Indoor Gardens\nOf course, there are a bunch of kits available that contain the actual plant seeds you might be thinking of growing. You can opt between pesto basil seed kits, red heirloom cherry tomatoes, italian herbs, chili peppers, mixed romaine seed kits, and others. You can choose from their flowers selection, including petunias, lavender, and others.\nAeroGarden has you covered when it comes to seed kits as well, offering you a variety of options that we want to cover. For instance, you have the Grow Anything Seed Pod Kit, which allows you to plant the seeds of your choice without any headaches. The kit includes three grow sponges, three grow domes, three grow baskets, and three labels, plus a 3-ounce bottle of the company’s Specially Formulated Liquid Plant Food. Note that it doesn’t include the actual seeds.\nIf you’re serious about growing fresh herbs to spice and flavor your recipes throughout the entire year, the products that are part of the AeroGarden Harvest Family are your best bet.\nBounty Family Smart Indoor Gardens\nAlso going by the name of “flood and drain system”, ebb and flow refers to flooding the growing medium using water rich in nutrients to later drain it into a reservoir.\nAs the kind folks over at AeroGarden stated: “Just about anything that grows above the ground can be planted in an AeroGarden.”\nAeroGarden Harvest Family Smart Indoor Gardens\nWhile LED lights are the go-to choice for a lot of indoor gardens, there is always the matter of how to choose the light that’s right for you, so the following steps might be able to help you out if you’re facing this dilemma:\nBest for larger gardens: The AeroGarden Farm Family\nThe AeroGarden Bounty Family of indoor gardening solutions is the choice we would recommend to people who want to grow indoor vegetables and fruits while benefiting from all the technology that AeroGarden has to offer.\nThis allows you to grow up to 24 plants using a smart system with a bunch of characteristics some people never thought were possible in a compact product. It comes with separate controls for the left and right sides of the garden, a quick-button touch system for dimming or brightening the lights, a progress bar that will show you the stage of growth for your plants, and even a three-level water alert.\nOne of the best things about AeroGarden is that it supplies systems for pretty much any type of budget. If you want something that is low-maintenance and doesn’t occupy a lot of space, then you can find products to match that criteria. If you live in an apartment and don’t have an outdoor garden to work with, then an AeroGarden is worth it. Also, if you want to be able to grow plants five times faster, an AeroGarden is worth it.\nAeroGarden Seed Kits\nThere are plenty of benefits to hydroponic gardening, such as the fact that they require less space than your average outdoor gardens, don’t use as much water, and the harvest can be more bountiful. If you live in an apartment and don’t have a garden, then it’s surely a method that you have to try out.\nThe Bounty family comes with 9 pods and 4 different models to choose from, offering you a practical solution that’s focused on helping plants thrive with minimal effort on your behalf. One of the line’s most interesting models is the Bounty Elite Artisan, with powerful 50W grow lights for full spectrum, a glazed ceramic bowl with two finishes, the possibility to dim the lights at the level of your choice, a high-resolution touch-screen display, and Wi-Fi connectivity so that you can monitor the device using your Amazon Echo.\nBeing able to grow plants indoors is now easier than ever, especially with all the systems that are now available for purchase. When it comes to leading indoor garden suppliers, AeroGarden is one of the most popular names on the market. What are their products good for and how you can make the best out of them, find out by reading the following review!\nAeroGarden Grow Lights\nThis is one of the simplest systems for hydroponics, since it doesn’t have any electrical components or moving parts. It won’t work for plants that need a lot of water (such as tomatoes) because these plants will need more nutrients that the wick is capable of absorbing. It is, however, suitable for herbs and microgreens.\nWhen it comes to what AeroGarden has to offer in terms of grow lights, the option might be a little limited, but there are still some high-quality options to choose from. You have your 12 and 20W LED grow lights, a 45 W LED grow light panel, and a bunch of grow light bulb packs to choose from.\nIf you’ve never used an AeroGarden before, some think might seem overwhelming at first, so we’ve decided to put together this list of tips for beginners, so you can see that, once you get the hang of things, these systems are all about the benefits:\n- High-Intensity Discharge (HID): These lights have a gas-filled tube that allows electricity to pass through.\n- HPS: They have strong orange and red hues and are typically recommended for plants that are in the flowering stage.\n- MH: Suitable for the vegetative phase of plants as it has stronger blue hues.\n- Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH): These lights have a ceramic tube with broader light spectrum range and can easily serve as a single-light solution.\n- Fluorescent: Fluorescent lights aren’t as bright as HID lights, making them more suitable for seed starting. Fluorescent lights are either CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) or tube-style lights. The former category depicts lights with twisted bulbs, while tube-style lights are available in a tubular shape.\n- LED: This is the newest type of grow light available and it is now considered the best type of grow light out there for a bunch of reasons. LED bulbs are energy-efficient, have built-in cooling mechanisms that prevent them from heating up to excessive temperatures. Since they emit way less heat, you can place them closer to plants without worrying about high temperature implications. They also have long lifespans, with an average of 50,000 hours.\nMost energy-efficient: The AeroGarden Sprout\n- Consider the location where your indoor garden will be placed, because that will determine its lighting requirements. If you select a spot with no natural light, you want to choose grow lights with full-cycle lighting.\n- Different types of lights offer different levels of heat output, and we all know that heat can make or break a plant’s ability to thrive in a certain environment. Some indoors plants like cooler environments (like lettuce), while tropical plants love higher temperatures. However, opting for lights that emit a lot of heat automatically implies that the plant shouldn’t be too close to the light (once again, this is why LED grow lights are the best solution).\n- There is always the matter of how much money you have to spend. Small bulbs are less expensive, but they aren’t always the best solution. LED lights are an amazing long term investment but have a higher upfront cost.\n- You will often come across the term spectrum in the description of grow lights, and you have to know what it depicts. The easiest explanation is that some bulbs filter out spectrum lights to give your plant just what it needs at a specific stage of the plant’s growth. All grow lights need to specify this bit of information on their packaging so you’ll know which one to choose. For instance, a 2700K bulb isn’t powerful enough to grow vegetables all the way through, but it works as an initial light for flowers.\nWhat is an Aerogarden?\nIs the AeroGarden worth it?\nHow much does it cost to run an AeroGarden?\nWhat can you grow with an AeroGarden?\nThe AeroGarden Farm Family offers a wide range of indoor gardening solutions for people who are serious about plant growth and want large indoor gardens.\nCan you grow fruit in an AeroGarden?\nHydroponic gardening is probably one of the biggest innovations in its industry, as it depicts the ability to grow plants without using soil, but rather a combination of water and nutrients. What’s even more interesting is the fact that plants that are grown using hydroponic systems tend to grow faster compared to the amount of time it takes them to grow outdoors in regular soil, and you can use this gardening method for year-round harvests if you want to.\nBy using a water-nutrient solution with a constant looping movement, suspended plant roots will absorb nutrients as the solution flows by. It’s similar to the ebb and flow system, only this time the nutrient solution keeps returning again and again to feed the roots. This system is good for shallow-rooted plants, such as radishes, spinach, or herbs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Commercial Horticulture Lighting in Winter\nAutumn has just arrived, but before you know it, the cold snap of winter will be here. There used to be a time when many growers in the commercial horticulture industry would shut down operations during cold, winter months. Fortunately this is no longer the case. The commercial growing business has had countless advancements and innovations throughout recent decades. If you’re a commercial farmer, you can easily maintain your indoor crops all year long and continue to make a profit, even during winter.\nOne of the most important ways commercial horticulturists prepare for winter is to invest in a proper lighting system. Making sure plants receive enough illumination for photosynthesis during months of decreased sunlight is critical for successful growing. TCP Lighting can help your plants continue to thrive throughout winter. Read on to discover how TCP’s commercial horticulture lighting can benefit your winter growth cycle.\nMaintain Your Plant Products During the Colder Months\nProperly winterizing your indoor growing space includes all the typical tasks – structure repairs, cleaning, disinfecting, and controlling heat and humidity. Double checking your lighting system is the task that needs to be at the top of your to-do list. That’s because lighting is the most important factor contributing to year-round plant growth, especially during winter.\nEnsuring that your plants receive well-balanced lighting is easy with TCP’s latest generation of horticulture lights. Backed by science, these powerful lights help promote faster growth and higher yields all year, so production never has to slow down.\nGrowing Plant Products in the Winter\nDepending on the types of plants you grow and the size of your farming space, you may not have to spend a lot on new or additional lights for winter. Remember to take into account that updates to your indoor lighting system improve your overall production and profitability. Think of horticulture lights as an investment that will benefit your future earnings.\nHorticulture Lights Ready for Winter\nThe last thing you want to do when it’s cold or snowy outside is have to replace horticulture lights that aren’t working properly. Plus there is simply too much risk and potential for loss if your grow lights aren’t functioning at their best in the middle of winter.\nHow long has it been since you replaced the current bulbs? Do you know how long the lifespan is for the bulbs or lights you currently have in your growing space? These are important questions you should be able to answer. If you’re unsure, it may be best to replace questionable bulbs and lights now before they possibly stop working and leave your plants in the dark.\nThe Importance of Quality Grow Lights\nAll commercial growers want their plants to thrive. Good soil, clean water, and proper ventilation are all factors that contribute to your crop’s success. Want to know the most important factor? The answer is giving your plants the right type of light. How can you do this? Check out TCP’s scientifically-backed horticulture lights. They provide plants with a perfectly balanced light spectrum, so plants grow taller, denser, and faster.\nA balanced color spectrum utilizes a careful combination of red, blue, and green light, instead of focusing on just one type of light. There are proven growth benefits to this system including photosynthesis across vertical, greenhouse, and indoor farming operations.\n- Blue light keeps plants dense while they grow.\n- Red light encourages budding and flowering.\n- Green light lets you assess plant health without disrupting growth.\nCommercial Grow Lights Lifespan\nTCP’s newest generation of horticulture lights are designed to last a long time. For example, our popular LED top light lasts up to 50,000 hours. This significantly saves you money over the lifespan of the fixture due to fewer maintenance, labor, and material costs.\nAnother benefit to our horticulture lights is that they are all compatible with TCP’s exclusive SmartStuff system. Instead of dealing with complicated and expensive building controls, you can safely and securely set lighting schedules, day-night cycles and more – all from your smartphone with bluetooth controlled SmartStuff technology.\nHorticulture Light from TCP\nWe want to help you grow! As you prepare your greenhouse or indoor farming facility for winter production, please feel free to consult with a TCP representative. Discover how our horticulture grow lights and horticulture LED lights can maintain plant growth and maximize profits even during winter’s coldest, darkest months.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The first planting was realized by signing the contracted hemp production protocol in Sivas. 6 producers will produce cannabis in a total area of 170 decares.\nThe first planting took place in Sivas, which is the 20th province in Turkey where cannabis production is permitted. Following the contractual hemp production protocol signed with the producers at the governorship building in the city center, the first planting took place in the area opposite the Sivas Regional Traffic Control Branch Directorate. Sivas Governor Salih Ayhan, AK Party Sivas Deputy Semiha Ekinci, Mayor Hilmi Bilgin, Sivas Science and Technology University Rector Prof. Dr. Mehmet Kul and producers attended.\nGovernor Salih Ayhan stated that Sivas is a province with a high agricultural potential, “Our main goal is to increase agricultural productivity and to expand the product range. Today Sivas is experiencing one of its historical days. We are carrying out a planting in the field for hemp, which is used as the main raw material in many sectors and will add value to Sivas’s potential. The people of Sivas wanted and wanted cannabis. For this, our Special Provincial Administration and the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry worked on the field. Our farmers became conscious and we are now planting their first seeds together. Our target is a thousand decares of production next year. Cannabis produced with the contract production model will be transferred to the relevant sectors. said.\n‘EVERYONE DOES THEIR BEST’\nStating that everyone in the province took responsibility for this process, Sivas Mayor Hilmi Bilgin said, “Sivas Science and Technology University is planting an area of 100 decares. Our farmers planting 70 acres. Local administrators put a will. SİVTAŞ guarantees purchase. Our Special Administration and Provincial Council give its seeds. In such an environment, from top to bottom, everyone from our President to the local government is doing their part.\nHe will raise it in his taxpayer home", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Neckarperle, the Neckar pearl, is the perfect cauliflower variety for an all-year cultivation. It forms highly domed, pure white flowers with strong foliage. Initially the leaves cover the flower buds completely, later it has to be covered by hand with picked leaves.\nPackage with approx. 50 cauliflower seeds\nThere are no reviews yet.\nPlease see our privacy notice", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Weather-wise, summer is my least favorite season, what with the heat and humidity. But when it comes to food — Yum! Who can resist all of those fresh fruits and vegetables?\nWhen I was a little girl, my grandfather had a garden where he grew the basics: corn, beans, tomatoes, lettuce, and onions. I would take my little toy shovel and dig deep holes to plant my own corn and beans… and they grew! (No doubt because my grandfather planted the seeds at the proper depth on the sly.)\nMore fun: I got to go peddling! Grandfather would weigh out beans and I could count out corn and tomatoes. Then I would take bags of produce around the neighborhood to sell. And I must mention my grandmother’s pickled corn, which was the best in the world. I have her pickling crock and really should try it sometime.\nI grew up shucking corn, stringing beans, slicing apples from the tree in my aunt’s backyard, and standing over the sink with a tomato just off the vine in one hand and a shaker of salt in the other, savoring the sun-warmed fruit.\nYesterday, I took my granddaughter and her entourage du jour to the grocery store with me where, among other things, I picked up some ears of corn. “Do you like corn on the cob?” I asked my granddaughter’s friend.\n“I’ve never had corn on the cob,” she answered.\nThese are not youngsters: They’re in their mid-teens. Never had corn on the cob? Unbelievable!\nAfter she’d tried the corn at dinner, I asked her how she liked it. “It tastes weird,” she said. Turns out she’d only had canned corn until then.\nIn addition to being good, fresh produce is good for you. (Assuming you don’t put a lot of butter on your corn, that is.) It still has all of its vitamins, minerals, and fiber, there’s no gluten, and it isn’t swimming in sodium. No chemicals, either. Can you even pronounce some of the ingredients in canned food? (I didn’t think so.) Fresh fruit hasn’t been cooked to death and packed in sugar-water. I’ve never understood hospitals giving canned fruit to their patients. Aren’t they supposed to be promoting health?\nIf you have your own garden, it gets even better: Gardening can be some pretty good exercise as you bend, stretch, and work up a sweat digging, planting, and weeding. The activity also helps keep your blood glucose down. You can also grab some green tomatoes to fry anytime you like, without having to wait for the store to carry them. (Yes, I’m southern.)\nThere is a small garden plot in my back yard. I have to confess, however, that it hasn’t been planted this year. With my Achilles tendon situation, I was physically unable and my husband was busy with work and me. But there is a farmer’s market, my neighborhood grocery store sells produce from area farmers, and my neighbor planted about 20 tomato plants. I#x2019;m sure she’ll have one or two extra for me. There are also some co-ops in town where you get a box of fresh produce every week as it ripens. This is not a good year for me to do that, either, but I’m looking forward to participating next summer.\nIf I didn’t have room for a garden, I could go to the community garden that’s run by a local university. It rents garden plots to people who otherwise would be unable to grow their own food. The plots are on land the university owns but hasn’t developed yet. Many years ago, before my husband and I were married, we participated in a community garden with plots in an as-yet-unused area of the city cemetery.\nI do also eat canned food, and have been known to make soup that includes canned corn, as well as mixed vegetables from a can. Sometimes it’s just easier, but I still prefer the fresh stuff.\nBesides, leftover fresh green beans are great for breakfast.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Crop-livestock systems protect soil quality and result in higher rice yieldsSiobhan Treacy | April 10, 2020\nAccording to the American Society of Agronomy, worldwide flooded rice cultivation degrades soil quality, reducing the amount of rice that is grown and ultimately requiring the increased use of fertilizers. Yet, researchers determined that integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are an alternative to fertilizers due to their increased rice nutrient efficiency and yield and lower soil contamination.\nAs such, the team evaluated the impact of no-till methods and ICLS adoption on soil fertility, flooded rice nutrition and overall rice yield.\nThe team found that if ICLS is integrated into farming, flooded rice yields more grain with less fertilizer. Rice yield under ICLS does not respond to P and K fertilization, which suggests that ICLS supplies important nutrients to plants that would otherwise come from fertilizer.\nThe team also found that ICLS has higher nutrient use efficiency than fertilizer methods. It also yields a higher amount of grain with the same amount of nutrient uptake, according to researchers.\nFurther studies are needed on nutrient cycling under conservation management systems to create new standards of fertilization. Focusing on conservation management systems in rice cultivation allow for the creation of more efficient systems that would enable nutrient use with less dependence on fertilizer.\nThe study was published in the Agronomy Journal.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Synopsis As Introduced Amends the Illinois Fertilizer Act of 1961. Makes changes to the definitions. Provides for labeling requirements for fertilizers or custom blends. Provides that it shall be unlawful for misbranding or for the adulteration of a fertilizer within the State. Provides that the Director of the Department of Agriculture may refuse to register a fertilizer or cancel or suspend a fertilizer registration, custom blend, or fertilizer if certain specified claims are made. Permits the Director to issue and serve a written stop sale, stop use, or regulate removal upon an owner, operator, manager, or agent in charge of fertilizer. Creates the Nutrient Research and Education Council (NREC) for the purpose of pursuing nutrient research and providing educational programs to ensure the adoption and implementation of practices that optimize nutrient use efficiency, ensure soil fertility, and address environmental concerns with regard to fertilizer use. Provides that the Department has the authority to issue subpoenas, temporary restraining orders, preliminary or permanent injunctions against any person from violating or continuing to violate any provision of the Act. Provides for penalties based on type of violation. Repeals a provision concerning fund appropriations and seizure, condemnation, and sale of fertilizers. Makes other corresponding changes. Effective immediately.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Keep my garden growing\nJuly 21, 2008 7:28 AM Subscribe\nWhere can I get quality seeds on line? Looking specifically for beets and chick peas (trying out mid-summer planting, why not). I have a broken ankle so I can't get to the garden store and they have garbage seeds anyway. Thanks!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Agro processing industries\nBIS has on its record over Indian Standards related to food- Strengths grains and their products, bakery and confectionery items, sugar, edible starches and their products, 1. Loss of trained manpower to other industries and d Infrastructure in the production catchments selected other professions due to better working conditions for agro-industrial development should be improved.\nThe progress of No.\nIn the CHARKHA spinning wheel and balanced nutrition by yearIndia produced only 50 million tons of setting example and writing articles in his famous food grain and a variety of other crops. The packaging of bi-products e.\nFood processing industry\nAs stated earlier, inspite and production of dyes, chemicals and pharmaceutical of the problems, agro-processing technology in India has products. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iim:iimawp:wp Pratik R ButtePatil. It is also estimated that the extent of by-products and recycling of wastes. As in other fields, computer technology is also a central force, with computer networks and specialized software providing the support infrastructure to allow global movement of the myriad components involved. The yields were very low. India such cases, the industry has also not been able to holds a major share for some of these products in develop the demand adequately. V, Rahuri. Production of Bikaneri processors, traders as well as national economy will Bhujia for export and frozen Idli for domestic markets benefit. The packaging of bi-products e. Major problems faced dyes and pharmaceutical products. Check on the provider's web page whether it is in fact available. Agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science.\nInadequate attention machinery was brought from England for demonstration to the agro-processing sector in the past put both the and adoption.\nCentre for identified and medium term research and development Development of Agricultural Mechanization. Check below whether another version of this item is available online. Ibid, a.\nIf you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. Containers are Opportunities as important as the contents, as these may impart toxicelements to the food products and could pose 1.\nAgro processing industry in india ppt\nAncient Indian scriptures Denison to the government of Madras state for laying contain vivid account of the post harvest and processing greater stress on agriculture and agro processing Royal practices for preservation and processing of agricultural Commission, The Royal Commission on Agriculture setup by 3. Need for Further Research. Services The following are a few of the main services provided by the Unit: The production of enriched, flavoured, banana porridge, to be distributed to targeted schools for their School Feeding Program. Similarly, long life chapatti and parotha technology developed at DFRL, 9. Competition from global players 2. Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fibre, and land reclamation. Opening of global markets may lead to export of our c Emphasis should be put on the establishment of new developed technologies and facilitate generation of agro-industrial plants in the production catchments to additional income and employment opportunities.\nIn addition, separate standard methods of test for the sensory parameters have been laid down. To find whether it is available, there are three options: 1.\nIt should include programme details and implementation Ibid, It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.\nbased on 53 review", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Livestock Program Manager\nIf you’re a goat or sheep farmer – you’re probably familiar with Haemonchus contortus (barber’s pole worm) – a worm responsible for the biggest disease problem of small ruminants. When not adequately controlled this worm may cause death. Unfortunaly, due to the misuse and overuse of dewormers over many years, resistance to dewormers is a huge problem that threatens the viability of sheep and goat farming.\nThe FAMACHA system was developed to decrease dewormer resistance by selectively deworming only those animals that require treatment – instead of the whole herd. When a farmer selectively deworms, the worm eggs produced by the few resistant worms that survive treatment are greatly diluted by all the eggs produced by the animals that did not receive treatment. In contrast, when all animals in a herd are dewormed, only resistant worms that survive the treatment will produce all the eggs that form the next generation of worms.\nEric and Deb Finch, who raise meat goats near State Center, have implemented the FAMACHA system on their farm. They invited Dr. Paul Plummer, an Iowa State veterinarian and dairy goat farmer, to their field day to give a training to 30 farmers before taking a tour of the farm.\nLeaving Home, Flying Home\nThe tall Pampas\nnow strips, corners.\nSoy in bare fields.\nEach year easier to leave\nBobolink’s goodbye Argentina.\nWing beat by wing beat\nnot knowing, following faith.\nSomewhere in Iowa\nthe tallgrass waves.\nStill, for one more generation.\nMelody of meadowlark\nBeat by tired beat\nHome when you can fly\nOr the optimism of green?\nColor of life.\nInspiration of poets.\nJoined, sharing paradise.\nEven if briefly, eternally.\nMatt Schuiteman, of AJS Farms in Sioux Center, started planting cereal rye in 2006 as a “trap crop” for manure nutrients. He has experimented with grazing it, baling it and growing it for seed. Matt told 65 attendees at his field day on May 30, to get the most direct payback from cover crops, put them through cattle. Matt has a cow/calf herd of 40 Shorthorn cattle and calculated the feed value of the rye to be $281 per acre!\nMatt says the feed value of rye balances out the yield hit you may see in corn when planting rye, which could be around 25 bushels per acres. Matt did some quick math – if corn is selling for $4.00 per bushel, your loss would be $100 per acre. In this scenario, the forage value of the cover crop still puts you $181 per acre ahead.\nContinue reading for more information, photos and an Iowa State University factsheet on cereal rye forage. Below you’ll find our first-ever video recap of a field day!\nThe Spring 2017 issue of the Practical Farmer, includes an article titled “Forage-Fed Pig Production” highlighting Steve Deibele’s feeding practices. Steve’s a pastured pig and cattle farmer at Golden Bear Farm in Kiel, Wisconsin. He spoke at Practical Farmers’ annual conference last January on raising pigs on a forage heavy diet without the use of corn or soybeans. This blog post accompanies the newsletter article.\nAverage Daily Gains\n“Under controlled conditions in the barn, we get our best growth rates. Pastured hogs have greater exposure to weather conditions than confined hogs which can hinder growth rates. Bad weather can degrade pastured hog comfort, impacting feeding behavior and pasture growth rates. Hot weather, cold weather, and prolonged wet weather reduce pastured hog growth rates,” explained Steve.\nMark and Melissa Schleisman, of M & M Farms near Lake City, hosted 46 people on April 11. The sun was shining, cows were out grazing cover crops and a few newborn calves had just been born in a field of cereal rye.\nMark came back to his family’s farm full time six years ago, after a career with Conagra. M & M Farms is a 2,000 acre diversified family farm that includes corn, soybeans, popcorn, hogs and a cow-calf operation. Cover crops are planted on 1,300 of these acres. Most all of these cover crops are grazed by cows in the fall and spring of each year.\nInnovative Cover Cropping\nMark seeds cover crops between August 15 and August 31, using a modified detasseler and a drill. The modified detasseler blows seed into standing corn, and the drill is used to seed covers directly after harvesting popcorn. Mark also custom seeds cover crops for producers in his area and said that in recent years, his business has doubled every year.\nMark’s cover crop mix includes either cereal rye and/or triticale as the base species, then blends in Jackhammer radish, Purple Top turnip, or Dwarf Essex rape depending on the field. He drills radish after harvesting popcorn seed with the goal of breaking up compaction caused by detasseling. Rapeseed is planted in field corn because it does better with less sunlight than the other cover crop species.\nIf planning on planting only cereal rye, with the goal to graze it, Mark recommends seeding at 120 pounds per acre. Mark has received EQIP cost-share for the last ten years to help pay for his cover crops and told attendees to look into seeding rates and dates in order to receive cost-share assistance from your local NRCS office. In order to continue receiving cost-share, Mark had to continue adding cover crop species, which ultimately led him to use the blends he’s currently planting.\nOn March 30, a group of farmers got together to learn about grazing cover crops and the value cattle bring to crop fields. Bruce Carney, a cattle grazier who produces grass-fed beef, and Rick Kimberley, a row-crop farmer, are neighbors who live outside Maxwell, IA. They’ve worked out an agreement for Bruce to graze cover crops on Rick’s fields, and both farmers are reaping the benefits.\nBruce and Rick are collecting data for an on-farm research project demonstrating the economic and soil health benefits of grazing cover crops. Practical Farmers is working with The Pasture Project to measure below-ground benefits of cover crops and animal impact. Attendees gathered in a field that had been aerial seeded with a six-species mix in September 2016. The mix included cereal rye, spring forage barley, hairy vetch, mustard, turnip and red clover. Six species were seeded in hopes to maximize soil health benefits.\nAt the time of the field day in late March, the rye had come back, but the cattle were not grazing yet because Bruce didn’t think it was tall enough. He turned his cattle out on April 12, when the rye was 10 inches tall. “The rye is now growing faster than the cattle are eating it. Right now only my grass-finishers are out grazing it, but I’m going to put my cows and calves on it too, since there’s so much re-growth,” explained Bruce.\nPractical Farmers’ Cover Crop Caravan spring field day series kicked off on March 28th at Glenwood Century Farm near Albion. 29 attendees came to hear Wade Dooley, an integrated crop, livestock and vegetable farmer who’s been planting cover crops since 1997. About ten years later, Wade started taking advantage of those cover crops with his beef herd.\n2008 was an extremely wet year and Wade’s cows were calving in mud. He lost 20% of his calves that year. From then on, Wade decided to strictly calve on fields of green cereal rye and has never looked back. Cow-calf pairs happily graze the fresh forage too, in early spring, when Wade’s permanent pastures haven’t grown enough to allow for grazing.\nDuring the field day, Wade shared his cover crop planting and grazing experiences, then we headed to a cover crop field to test out some soil health tools.\nAre you grazing cover crops this spring, or plan to in the fall? If so, it’s important to check and see if your corn or bean herbicides have grazing restrictions. Some common herbicides do not allow for grazing of cover crops or crop residue.\nIf you’re grazing covers this spring, look back at what herbicides you applied to those fields in 2016. If you’re planning on planting and grazing covers in crop fields in the late summer, plan your upcoming herbicide application appropriately. Before you spray, read labels to ensure it’s safe to use your cover crops (and your crop residue) as livestock feed.\nGoats are becoming increasingly popular for managing unwanted vegetation because they provide a ‘green’ alternative to pesticides while benefitting the animals and land. This project evaluated the use of goats to control invasive species, such as honeysuckle and multiflora rose, and invigorate native savanna growth. A research plot was established for comparing the effectiveness of goats – goats browsed certain areas and were not allowed to browse in others.\nPenny Perkins, an ecologist specializing in land rehabilitation, conducted this project in 52 acres of timber near Ogden, IA. “Goats can be a viable, practical, and affordable tool to maintain timber stands; a tool that landowners should take advantage of,” stated Penny.\nRead the full report here: Using Goats to Control Invasive Species\nGrassland bird populations in Iowa have been in decline, but studies have shown that conservation of birds can be facilitated in landscapes by introducing grazing disturbances at appropriate stocking densities. Bird species that have been threatened, such as the bobolink, dickcissel, grasshopper sparrow, Henslow’s sparrow, and the eastern bluebird, nest in grasslands, which can be provided by rotationally grazed pastures.\nFor the last several years, Bruce Carney, a cattle grazier in Maxwell, has been observing diverse bird populations in his pastures. Bruce lives a quarter of a mile away from Chichaqua Bottoms Greenbelt, a wetland and prairie conservation area, and wondered if his pasture provide adequate bird habitat, similar to that at Chichaqua. “I started seeing bobolinks in my pastures and was curious why they are coming to my 300 acres when there are 10,000 acres of wildlife conservation down the road,” said Bruce. The objectives of this research project were to determine if properly managed pasture could replicate the bird habitat of a restored prairie and how pasture with perennial plus annual plant species effects bird populations.\nYou can read the full report here: Monitoring Birds in Rotationally Grazed Pasture", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic fibers are grown using methods and materials that have a low impact on the environment. Organic production systems replenish and maintain soil fertility, reduce the use of toxic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and genetic engineering. Organic animal-based fibers must be produced in accordance with standards for organic livestock production. Livestock feed and forage must be certified organic, and the use of synthetic hormones and antibiotics is prohibited. Third-party certification organisations verify that organic producers use only methods and materials allowed in organic production.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plant Sciences/Arabidopsis root development\nThis Article is a draft, you can participate to expand it and clean it up.\n- summarize interest of Arabidopsis root for biology\n- fill the sections more consistently\nHere is a temporary plan about what this review will talk about:\n- Overview of the Arabidopsis seedling\n- Overview of the root\n- Developmental zones\n- Structure of the root meristem\n- Cell initials\n- Primary vs lateral roots (embryonic vs post-embryonic origin)\n- Hormones in the Arabidopsis seedling root\n- Biotic and abiotic factors affecting root development\nPlant roots are responsible for nutrient and water uptake and provide physical support to the plant. Most of the root system is made of lateral roots that originate postembryonically. Lateral root development is controlled by different factors including nutrient concentration in the plant and the soil (Lopez-Bucio et al., 2003; Malamy, 2005, for a review). This plasticity allows adaptation of the root system to the soil, a very heterogeneous and changing environment, and is consequently very important for the survival of the plant (Grime et al., 1986; Hodge, 2004). The root of the model plant Arabidopsis_thaliana is a very useful tool for investigating the basis of plant development.The Arabidopsis root has a simple structure and the root meristem is an excellent system in which to study stem cell biology.\nThe Root Apical Meristem (RAM)Edit\nPrimary root growth occurs at the root apical meristem (RAM). Unlike the SAM, the RAM produces cells in two directions. The RAM produces a cap of tissue called the root cap, which covers the distal tip of roots. The root cap protects the root tip as it grows through the soil. 1999). The RC perceives and processes many environmental stimuli, and mediates the direction of root growth accordingly. Gravity (gravitropism), light (phototropism), obstacles (thigmotropism), gradients of temperature (thermotropism), humidity (hydrotropism), ions and other chemicals (chemotropism) are all examples of environmental stimuli that are perceived and processed by the cap (Hasenstein & Evans 1988; Ishikawa & Evans 1990; Okada & Shimura 1990; Fortin & Poff 1991; Takahashi 1997;Eapenet al. 2003).\nCells are continuously sloughed off the outer surface of the root cap. The RAM also produces cells proximally that contribute to the root proper, but unlike the SAM, the RAM produces no lateral appendages.\nThe root meristem is a largely invariant structure made up of few tissue types that undergo predictable divisions and do not produce lateral structures (Dolan et al., 1993). Primary root tissues are organized in concentric cylinders of epidermis, ground tissue (cortex and endodermis), and stele (pericycle and vasculature) from outside to in. These, in turn, are made up of longitudinal cell files that originate from single cells termed initials Scheres et al., 1994). Initials fulfill the minimal definition of a stem cell by producing two cells in every division: the regenerated initial, and a daughter cell that differentiates progressively upon displacement by further rounds of division. Two terminal tissues, the columella (central) and lateral root cap, are also produced by the activity of initials. Together, initials for all tissue types surround a group of four to seven mitotically less active cells in Arabidopsis thaliana known as the quiescent center (QC). Nearly every animal system relies on local signaling to form a stem cell niche, or microenvironment, that promotes stem cell status (reviewed in Spradling et al., 2001; Fuchs et al., 2004). Laser ablation experiments have shown that this is also the case for the plant root and have identified the QC as the source of a signal that inhibits differentiation of the contacting initials (van den Berg et al., 1997). QC cells position the stem cell niche but also behave as stem cells in their own right. Occasional QC divisions are self-renewing and replenish initials that have been displaced from their position (Kidner et al., 2000). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that determine the properties of the QC or initial cells. Stem cell fate has been correlated with the position of a local maximum of auxin phytohormone perception in the QC and columella root cap initials (Sabatini et al., 1999). Auxin signaling is necessary for QC initiation in the embryo (Hardtke and Berleth, 1998;Hamann et al., 2002)\nIn many root meristems, cell files can be traced back to a small group of initials. Often these initials are organized in a tiered arrangement, with each tier giving rise to particular tissues. In radish, tier 1 produces root cap and epidermis, tier 2 cortex and tier 3 vasculature. In maize, tier 1 produces only root cap, tier 2 epidermis and cortex, tier 3 vasculature. Other plants show no tiered arrangement or only a single initial layer. Many lower plants such as ferns have a single large pyramidal cell called the apical cell. The apical cell alternates cleavages along its four faces and is the ultimate source of all cells in the meristem.\nThe center of the RAM is occupied by a quiescent center which has low mitotic activity. The quiescent center is most apparent in actively growing roots and is lost during dormancy, carbohydrate starvation or root cap removal. This is the same region of the meristem to which cell files trace and was postulated to contain the root initials. Evidence suggests the quiescent center does function as the zone of initials. Colchicine induces polyploidy in any cells undergoing mitosis at the time of treatment. In actively growing roots treated with colchicine, sectors of polyploid cells were transient indicating that no initial cells were dividing at the time of treatment. If the quiescent center is eliminated by removal of the root cap, prior to colchicine treatment, then stable sectors of polyploid cells are produced and persist after re-establishment of the quiescent center. Thus infrequent division of initial cells in the quiescent center is the source of cells for the RAM. More recent cell lineage experiments have used transposon activation of a GUS reporter to mark root cell lineages, leading to the same conclusions.\nSurgical manipulations have provided information about RAM organization. Quiescent centers surgically explanted to sterile culture regenerated a meristem and grew as a root. Bisected RAMs formed 2 meristems and roots. These experiments demonstrate the organizing capacity for RAMs. Experiments with maize which has a highly tiered meristem suggest the layered structure is not required for normal function. Portions of the maize RAM were removed by glancing incisions and when the RAM regenerated, the layered arrangement was no longer present on the cut side, but was still apparent on the undamaged side. Although the structural arrangement of cells differed from one side to the other, the meristem still produced a normal root. The layered structure may therefore reflect “status quo” patterns of cell division but not have functional significance in the normal production of root tissues.\nEmbryonic origin of the RAMEdit\nThe RAM contains the only cells in the plant embryo that are derived from the suspensor rather than the embryo proper. Part of the RAM is derived from the embryo proper but the quiescent center and columella initials (see below) are derived from the very last cell of the suspensor, called the hypophesis.\nThe Arabidopsis root has a simple structure. There are an unusually small number of tissue and cell types in the Arabidopsis root. It possesses a single layer of cells within its epidermal, cortical, endodermal, and pericycle tissues, as well as a simple set of cells in its vascular tissue. In addition, the number of cells within each layer is fairly constant. For example, the Arabidopsis primary root always possesses eight files of cortex cells, eight files of root-hair cells, and approximately 10-14 files of non-hair cells in the epidermis. Furthermore, the developmental origin of each of the tissue types within the root meristem has been defined.\nThe Arabidopsis root is a highly ordered affair, consisting of concentric cylinders of cells, with new cells being added at the distal root tip . This radial pattern emanates, by a series of stereotyped divisions, from a small group of stem cells which surround four ‘quiescent centre’ cells at the heart of the root meristem (Figure 1). The quiescent centre has very little mitotic activity itself but functions to maintain the stem cell status of adjacent cells. Cells laid down in front of the advancing tip differentiate to form the root cap which protects the quiescent centre and stem cell niche as they push through the soil. In the cells left behind by the growing tip, division eventually gives way to a phase of rapid cell expansion without division which marks the end of the meristematic zone and the beginning of the elongation zone (Figure 1). Elongated cells then begin to differentiate, marked most clearly by the appearence of root hairs . Thus, as well as its radial organisation, the root has a more general proximo-distal pattern of activities.\nArabidopsis roots are extremely small and simple: the radial pattern consists of concentric arrangements of 6 different tissues, each a single cell layer thick. This allows every cell to be traced back to a specific progenitor in the meristem. All cells trace back to a small group of cells called the promeristem (see handout) and the pattern of cell divisions in the promeristem is invariant. Fate mapping showed that the central cells and columnella root cap cells of the embryonic RAM are derived from the basal cell formed by the first zygotic division, while the remainder of the promeristem is derived from the apical cell.\nCell signaling and RAM organizationEdit\nAlthough cell divisions in the arabidopsis RAM typically follow a set pattern, generating relatively invariant cell lineages, laser ablation studies indicate that position rather than lineage is the important factor for determining cell fate (identity). For example, if a cortical initial is ablated, a pericycle cell will invade the voided space, assume the pattern of cell division characteristic of a cortical initial and give rise to cortical and endodermal derivatives. Thus the cell changes fate from pericycle to cortical initial when it’s position is altered.\nThese studies also demonstrated that the differentiated cells proximal to the RAM influence the fate of cells in the RAM. The cortical/endodermal initial undergoes a transverse division after which the daughter undergoes a periclinal division to give rise to the endodermis and cortex. If three adjacent cortical initial daughter cells were ablated, such that a cortical initial was no longer in contact with any daughter cell, the initial still divided to produce a daughter but now the daughter did not undergo the typical asymmetric periclinal division to generate the cortical and endodermal cell files. Therefore, the more mature, differentiated cells direct the pattern of division and differentiation of the initial cells (van den Berg, 1995).\nTwo mutants show the same phenotype: endodermis and cortex are replaced by a single cell layer. In the short root mutant the single layer has characteristics of cortex thus shr is required to specify endodermal identity. In contrast, scarecrow has both endodermal and cortical characteristics in the single layer and thus appears to be involved in specifying the cell division that generates the two layers.\nThe quiescent center regulates the differentiation of neighboring cells. If one or 2 QC cells were ablated, the columnella initials that were no longer in direct contact with a QC cell ceased dividing and underwent differentiation as a columnella cell. Similarly, cortical initial cells that were no longer in direct contact with the a QC cell behaved as cortical daughter cells and underwent an asymmetric division to generate cortical and endodermal cell files. Therefore, direct contact with the QC inhibits the differentiation of initial cells in the RAM (van den Berg, 1997).\nA developmental gradient is apparent at the growing tip of roots. This gradient can be subdivided into 3 zones. The apical tip is the meristem or zone of cell division. The next zone proximal to the meristem is the zone of elongation where cell division ceases and there is rapid cell growth by elongation. Then comes the zone of differentiation or specialization, where cells assume their final fate. The zone of differentiation is made obvious by the appearance of root hairs in the epidermis and lignification of the xylem that can be visualised by autofluorescence. The remaining part of the root called mature zone is able to produce lateral roots.\nRadial Organization of the RootEdit\nThe outer layer of cells is the epidermis, next layer is the cortex, followed by the endodermis, pericycle and vasculature. Near the root tip, there is also a layer of lateral root cap cells outside the epidermis. In arabidopsis, each of these tissues corresponds to a single layer of cells.\nHormones and root developmentEdit\nAuxin and root developmentEdit\nSites and regulation of auxin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis rootsEdit\nAuxin has been shown to be important for many aspects of root development, including initiation and emergence of lateral roots, patterning of the root apical meristem, gravitropism, and root elongation. Auxin biosynthesis occurs in both aerial portions of the plant and in roots; thus, the auxin required for root development could come from either source, or both. To monitor putative internal sites of auxin synthesis in the root, a method for measuring indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis with tissue resolution was developed. We monitored IAA synthesis in 0.5- to 2-mm sections of Arabidopsis thaliana roots and were able to identify an important auxin source in the meristematic region of the primary root tip as well as in the tips of emerged lateral roots. Lower but significant synthesis capacity was observed in tissues upward from the tip, showing that the root contains multiple auxin sources. Root-localized IAA synthesis was diminished in a cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double knockout, suggesting an important role for Trp-dependent IAA synthesis pathways in the root. We present a model for how the primary root is supplied with auxin during early seedling development.\nAuxin and RAM organizationEdit\nPrevious work from the Scheres lab  showed a high level of induction of auxin responsive genes in a tightly focused region just below the quiescent centre, suggesting a point source of auxin. Various experimental manipulations to increase, reduce or move this point were found to bring about concomitant changes in cell fate, consistent with a morphogen-like role for auxin in root tip patterning [3,5].\nA GUS reporter for auxin concentration shows a concentration of auxin just at the distal end of the vasculature, just proximal to the RAM. Disruption of this localized accumulation by auxin transport inhibitors, exogenous auxin application or mutations in genes involved with auxin response, disrupts the organization of cell types in the root apex, as visualized by promoter trap cell markers. Thus the proper localization and perception of this auxin maximum are important for organizing the RAM (Sabatini, 1999).\nIn maize it has been reported that cells of the QC are characterized by their highly oxidized status. Glutathione and ascorbic acid occur predominately in the oxidized forms in the QC. This is contrasted with the status of these redox intermediates in adjacent, rapidly dividing cells in the root meristem, in which the reduced forms of these two species are favored. Using a redox sensitive fluorescent dye it is possible to visualize an overall oxidizing environment in the QC, and make comparisons with the adjacent, rapidly dividing cells in the root meristem. Altering the distribution of auxin and the location of the auxin maximum in the root tip activates the QC, and cells leave G1 and enter mitosis. Commencement of relatively more rapid cell division in the QC is preceded by changes in the overall redox status of the QC, which becomes less oxidizing. (Jiang, et al, 2003)\nthe PIN network in root developmentEdit\nAuxin provide positional information. Cell polarity in the meristem disrupted by Auxin transport inhibitors (TIBA, NPA), vesicular traficking inhibitors such as brefeldin A, or actin inhibitors (cytochelasine ...) See mainly Blilou et al (2005), Friml et al (2002, 2003), Benkova et al (2004)\nLocal accumulation of the plant growth regulator auxin mediates pattern formation in Arabidopsis roots and influences outgrowth and development of lateral root- and shoot-derived primordia. However, it has remained unclear how auxin can simultaneously regulate patterning and organ outgrowth and how its distribution is stabilized in a primordium-specific manner. Blilou et al (2005) have shown that five PIN genes collectively control auxin distribution to regulate cell division and cell expansion in the primary root. Furthermore, the joint action of these genes has an important role in pattern formation by focusing the auxin maximum and restricting the expression domain of PLETHORA (PLT) genes, major determinants for root stem cell specification. In turn, PLT genes are required for PIN gene transcription to stabilize the auxin maximum at the distal root tip. Their data reveal an interaction network of auxin transport facilitators and root fate determinants that control patterning and growth of the root primordium.\nThe auxin gradients are established, maintained, modified or even completely reversed by a complex interacting network of auxin transporters distributed throughout the region. Evidence for the dynamic nature of auxin gradients has come from a series of seminal papers, the most recent of which [Blilou et al 2005] demonstrates the existence of a network of active auxin transport that recycles auxin around the root\nAuxin and ethylene interactionEdit\nPonce et al (2005) found Auxin and ethylene interactions control mitotic activity of the quiescent centre, root cap size, and pattern of cap cell differentiation in maize.\nCytokinins and root developmentEdit\nGravitropism (Aloni et al 2004), development (Miyawaki et al 2003, Takei et al 2004) nitrate response, control of root meristem activity (Werner et al 2003)\nRegulation of the root meristem activity by cytokininsEdit\nCytokinin are essential for cell division, therefore very important for root meristem activity. Produced in root tip (Aloni et al 2004, Miyawaki et al 2004) and vasculature of root mainly. Altough essential for cell proliferation, cytokinin negatively regulate root meristem activity (exogenously supplied cytokinin inhibits root growth, and plant with a lower cytokinin content grow faster as shown by Werner et al (2003) in plant overexpressing cytokinin oxidase (CKX) genes (The CKX proteins degrade irreversibly cytokinin).\nRole of cytokinin in the regulation of root gravitropismEdit\nThe models explaining root gravitropism propose that the growth response of plants to gravity is regulated by asymmetric distribution of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA). Since cytokinin has a negative regulatory role in root growth, Aloni et al (2004) suspected that it might function as an inhibitor of tropic root elongation during gravity response. Therefore, they examined the free-bioactive-cytokinin-dependent ARR5::GUS expression pattern in root tips of transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., visualized high cytokinin concentrations in the root cap with specific monoclonal antibodies, and complemented the analyses by external application of cytokinin. Their findings show that mainly the statocytes of the cap produce cytokinin, which may contribute to the regulation of root gravitropism. The homogenous symmetric expression of the cytokinin-responsive promoter in vertical root caps rapidly changed within less than 30 min of gravistimulation into an asymmetrical activation pattern, visualized as a lateral, distinctly stained, concentrated spot on the new lower root side of the cap cells. This asymmetric cytokinin distribution obviously caused initiation of a downward curvature near the root apex during the early rapid phase of gravity response, by inhibiting elongation at the lower side and promoting growth at the upper side of the distal elongation zone closely behind the root cap. Exogenous cytokinin applied to vertical roots induced root bending towards the application site, confirming the suspected inhibitory effect of cytokinin in root gravitropism. Our results suggest that the early root graviresponse is controlled by cytokinin. They conclude that both cytokinin and auxin are key hormones that regulate root gravitropism.\nCytokinin and root response to nutrientsEdit\nCytokinin and nitrate, phosphate nutrition. Regulation of a set of phosphate starvation genes by cytokinins. Increase in cytokinin content in presence of nitrate. Regulation of Some AtIPT genes by nitrate (Miyawaki et al 2004; Takei et al 2004).\nFrom Franco-Zorilla 2005. Cytokinins control key processes during plant growth and development, and cytokinin receptors CYTOKININ RESPONSE 1/WOODEN LEG/ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE KINASE 4 (CRE1/WOL/AHK4), AHK2, and AHK3 have been shown to play a crucial role in this control. The involvement of cytokinins in signaling the status of several nutrients, such as sugar, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate (Pi), has also been highlighted, although the full physiological relevance of this role remains unclear. To gain further insights into this aspect of cytokinin action, we characterized a mutant with reduced sensitivity to cytokinin repression of a Pi starvation-responsive reporter gene and show it corresponds to AHK3. As expected, ahk3 displayed reduced responsiveness to cytokinin in callus proliferation and plant growth assays. In addition, ahk3 showed reduced cytokinin repression of several Pi starvation-responsive genes and increased sucrose sensitivity. These effects of the ahk3 mutation were especially evident in combination with the cre1 mutation, indicating partial functional redundancy between these receptors.We examined the effect of these mutations on Pi-starvation responses and found that the double mutant is not significantly affected in long-distance systemic repression of these responses. Remarkably, we found that expression of many Pi-responsive genes is stimulated by sucrose in shoots and to a lesser extent in roots, and the sugar effect in shoots of Pi-starved plants was particularly enhanced in the cre1 ahk3 double mutant. Altogether, these results indicate the existence of multidirectional cross regulation between cytokinin, sugar, and Pi-starvation signaling, thus underlining the role of cytokinin signaling in nutrient sensing and the relative importance of Pi-starvation signaling in the control of plant metabolism and development.\nAuxin and cytokinin have overlapping patterns in the Arabidopsis rootEdit\nBoth have maximum concentrations in stele of mature root, columella and vascular initials, both relocalised in the lateral rootcap upon gravi-stimulation.\nCell division control in the RAMEdit\nRole of the quiescent center and the root cap in the maintenance of cell division and meristem size (Werner et al, 2003; Ponce et al, 2005) The mitotic cells can be visualized using genetic markers such as cyclin B1-GUS or GFP fusion reporters genes. The cyclin B is mostly expressed during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.\nAuxin dependent maintenance of an oxidative state of the quiescent center in maize.\nRole of Argonaute in meristem formation. The ARGONAUTE gene family is involved in the regulation of gene expression via the RNAi Silencing Complex (RISC). microRNA (miRNA) are 20-22bp RNAs that direct RISC to target genes (Kidner and Martienssen, 2005).\nTranscriptional framework for root patterningEdit\nRoot hairs are filamentous structures produced by a subset of cells on the root epidermis. The cells producing root hairs are called trichoblast cells whereas cells which don't are called atrichoblast cells They function to increase the surface area of the root, allowing more efficient water and nutrient uptake. The root epidermis consists of elongated cells of 2 cell types: hair cells and hairless cells. Positional cues specify the pattern of root hair development. Arabidopsis roots are particularly well suited for studying cell patterning. The root is small, with a 1 cell layered cortex, and a very regular pattern of cell division in the RAM that allows the lineage of each cell to be known. The cortex consists of an invariant ring of 8 cells. The epidermis consists of a variable number of cells but there is invariably 8 files of root hair cells. Root hairs always form on epidermal cells positioned over the radial cell wall between cortical cells. The control of cell pattern will be considered in more detail in a later lecture.\nRoot hair cells can be cytologically distinguished by their dense cytoplasms (delayed vacuolation) early in development, near the onset of elongation; thus cell fate has been specified prior to elongation. The root hair first becomes visible as a swelling at the apical end of the elongate epidermal cell. The protuberance then grows into a root hair by tip growth, similar to pollen tubes. It requires a Ca2+ gradient, golgi vesicle transport and vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane.\nRoot hairs are responsible for nutrient and water uptake and provide physical support to the plant. Most of the root system is made of lateral roots that originate postembryonically. Lateral root development is controlled by different factors including nutrient concentration in the plant and the soil (Lopez-Bucio et al., 2003; Malamy, 2005, for a review). This plasticity allows adaptation of the root system to the soil, a very heterogeneous and changing environment, and is consequently very important for the survival of the plant (Grime et al., 1986; Hodge, 2004).\nLike shoot branching, root branching can be either terminal or lateral, with the terminal mode being more common in lower plants and lateral much more common in angiosperms. Terminal branching involves the division of the RAM into 2 with the subsequent production of 2 roots. Lateral branching is different in roots than in shoots. Lateral roots initiate from internal cells of the pericycle. Initiation occurs in the late cell elongation/early cell differentiation zone, in pericycle cells that are partially to fully differentiated. Thus there is no detached meristem. A small group of pericycle cells reorient their axis of polarity to the radial dimension and begin growing and dividing to form a mound of cells. With continued growth and division, the mound of cells becomes organized into a RAM with root cap, while still within the tissues of the main root. Continued growth allows the lateral root to penetrate the endodermis, cortex and epidermis, finally reaching the exterior of the parent root.\nAuxin and cytokinins are key factors in determining lateral root initiation. Exogenous auxin induces a extra lateral roots in a dose dependent manner (ie. more auxin, more lateral roots). Conversely, many auxin mutants show a paucity of lateral roots. Environment also influences lateral root development. Lateral roots in nitrogen deficient environments will respond to applied NO3- by elongating. This requires the function of a myb transcription factor called ANR1. Lateral roots of antisense ANR1 plants do not respond to nitrate. This also demonstrates that this is a specific response to the nitrate stimulus and not simply a nutritional response because the antisense plants are otherwise healthy.\nIn Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral roots originate postembryonically from a small number of differentiated cells situated in the root pericycle in front of xylem poles called pericycle founder cells (Casimiro et al., 2001; Dubrovsky et al., 2001). As they exit from the root meristem area, pericycle cells in front of xylem poles undergo a round of cell cycle but stop in the G2 phase and remain in this state (Beeckman et al., 2001). Later in the development of the root, these cells can undergo a defined program of oriented cell divisions and expansion to form a lateral root primordium (Malamy and Benfey, 1997; Dubrovsky et al., 2001; Casimiro et al., 2003). Unlike primary root formation that occurs during embryogenesis, lateral root formation is easily accessible to observation and experimentation. Moreover, lateral root formation can be initiated by the application of the plant hormone auxin. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms of root branching are still poorly understood.\nHimanen et al (2002) have shown cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor KRP2 plays a significant role in the regulation of lateral root initiation. KRP2 appears to regulate early lateral root initiation by blocking the G1-to-S transition and to be regulated transcriptionally by auxin.\nPericycle cell-cycle marking studies (Beeckman et al., 2001; Himanen et al., 2002) and cell type specific marking (Malamy and Benfey, 1997), each utilizing GUS staining, showed the earliest indications of lateral root initiation. In addition, Malamy and Benfey (1997) produced a cell lineage map of the median longitudinal view of the emerging lateral root primordium (LRP). The relative contribution of different pericycle cell files to the LRP is not clear, however various studies placed the number of LRP founder cells at 6–11 (Casimiro et al., 2003; Dubrovsky et al., 2000; Laskowski et al., 1995). Pericycle cells in longitudinal files in contact with the xylem differentiate as LRP founder cells. Generally, two files of pericycle cells are in direct contact with a xylem file but a minimum of three files of the pericycle are usually involved in LRP formation (Casimiro et al., 2003). Xylem-contacting pericycle cells show the first signs of differentiation as LRP founders but adjacent files also contribute to the LRP. Kurup et al (2005) used a lineage marking system combined with a live-cell outlining marker to demonstrate uneven contribution of the LRP pericycle founder files to the emerging lateral root.\nNodule development is thought to be a modified lateral root development\nNutrient Availability Influences Root DevelopmentEdit\nSeveral soil nutrients can alter root hair development (Reviewed in López-Bucio et al, 2003). Fe or P deficiencies both induce more epidermal cells to differentiate as root hairs, and both induce root hairs to elongate more than normal. These two pathways appear independent. The Fe pathway appears to function through the ethylene and auxin pathways because ethylene and auxin mutants show altered responses to Fe deficiency. P appears to be ethylene and auxin independent. The increased root hairs increases the surface area of roots, increasing their capacity to absorb limited nutrients.\nSeveral nutrients can also alter root architecture by altering lateral root formation or growth, or by altering primary root growth. High nitrate inhibits lateral root elongation if the root system is uniformly exposed. However if only a portion of the root system experiences high nitrate while the rest experiences deficiency, the section with high nitrate will show elongated lateral roots. A MADS box transcription factor, ANR1 is induced by local high nitrate and is required for the root architecture response.\nNitrate supply increase cytokinin content in the root. Takei et al (2004) have shown the adenosine phosphates-isopentenyltransferase AtIPT3 is a key determinant of nitrate-dependent cytokinin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.\nPhosphate deficiency induces the formation of lateral roots and inhibits root elongation. The result is a dense, highly branched root system. This is compounded by the effect on root hairs. In addition, expression of phosphate transporter genes and other physiological changes result in a root system highly adapted for efficient uptake of P. The effects on root growth are brought on by inhibition of the cell cycle and by low auxin concentrations in the root apical meristems.\nSulfate deficiency also increases lateral root density. The NIT3 (nitrilase3) gene is induced and thought to increase auxin synthesis.\nMoreover the cytokinin receptor CRE1/WOL/AHK4 has been shown to be involved in the interaction between phosphate-starvation, sugar, and cytokinin signaling in arabidopsis (Franco-Zorilla et al., 2005)\nSeveral lines of evidence suggest the nutrient ions may act directly as signaling molecules. Mutants in nitrate metabolism still show the normal response to Nitrate. Root systems on plants with adequate phosphate show the classic P starvation phenotype in localized areas of deficiency. Thus the changes in root architecture are not secondary effects of altered metabolism, but appear to be primary effects regulated by the ions themselves.\nLópez-Bucio, J., Cruz-Ramirez, A. and Herrera-Estrella, L. (2003) The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6: 280-287\nSabatini S, Beis D, Wolkenfelt H, Murfett J, Guilfoyle T, Malamy J, Benfey P, Leyser O, Bechtold N, Weisbeek P, Scheres B (1999) An auxin-dependent distal organizer of pattern and polarity in the Arabidopsis root. Cell 99: 463-72\nvan den Berg C, Willemsen V, Hage W, Weisbeek P, Scheres B (1995) Cell fate in the Arabidopsis root meristem determined by directional signalling. Nature 378: 62-5.\nvan den Berg C, Willemsen V, Hendriks G, Weisbeek P, Scheres B (1997) Short-range control of cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem. Nature 390: 287-9.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When weeding, we try to find signs of diseases or pests and use moss killer if needed. Regular maintenance is the best way to approach your lawn. But the individual approach is the solution for proper Swiss Cottage NW8 lawn mowing. It’s what our professional lawn mowing company will give you on a budget, plus:\nDial 020 3746 1190 when your lawn needs some expert care. Speak with us if you have some questions or urgent booking to make! We can mow your home or office lawn even on weekends.\nOur contemporary and comprehensive Swiss Cottage NW8 lawn care complies with your personal needs. We provide lawn mowing and maintenance at rates that will anyone's budget. The gardeners are available for regular visitations. You don't have to stay in the property, but spend your free time in a better way. .\nOne of the main benefits that people find out when using our services is the comfort and joy they experience in their gardens. Lawn mowing is one of the house duties that take up a huge amount of time and effort. This is where our professional lawn mowing in Swiss Cottage NW8 takes a place. We will help you with:\nGB Gardeners Ltd. is a recognised lawn mowing company in Swiss Cottage NW8 for more than 10 years. We know what takes to make you happy: fast results, efficient work and modern equipment. We offer a complete lawn care. We will identify any issues and give you advice on which lawn services you need. Except for lawn mowing, we offer weeding, moss eradication, scarifying, top dressing, re-seeding, lawn edging, aeration and a fast restoration for sports surfaces.\nIf you want to your garden to be like a small paradise, let the hard-working and experienced gardeners to do their job! Count on GB Gardeners Ltd.! Book our professional lawn mowing service in Swiss Cottage NW8. You can contact us on 020 3746 1190.020 3746 1190\nCopyright © 2015 - 2018 By GB Gardeners Ltd.. All rights reserved\nProfessional Lawn Mowing in Swiss Cottage NW8.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The 4-6 month project mainly aims at evaluation of different water management strategies to increase the yield of local crops important to the Indian small holders. The project offers thesis and/or internship possibility\nIncreasing yields of tropical crops by sensor-based water management in India\nThe FAO estimates that 500 million smallholder families produce over 50% of the food to feed the world's population. A large proportion of them live in the zones of the tropical alternating (wet-dry) climate and depend on rain-fed agriculture. During the long dry season, their fields either remain fallow or are prone to crop failure. Targeted irrigation approaches have the potential to enable resource-conserving and ecological production of fresh produce (e.g. vegetables). This can make significant contribution to improve the living conditions of smallholder families along with fulfilling the growing food demands of the increasing world population. The technology of demand driven irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture measurement has so far been used primarily in mechanized agriculture in industrialized countries. This technology offers great potential of application in tropical and sub-tropical regions of developing countries with limited availability of irrigation water.\nThis project aims at field implementation and evaluation of moisture-sensor based irrigation scheduling together with a pedal pump in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. On the one hand, the project pursues to develop a locally adoptable technology solution for farmers in Odisha, on the other hand, the project will also serve as a concrete field trial to test this technology and to develop a corresponding requirement profile for future applications.\nThe Project site\nThe project will be carried out at the \"Maa Mati Campus\" , which is a government recognised competence and demonstration centre for agroecology located outside Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha state of India. The campus is located 45 minutes from Bhubaneswar and 45 minutes away from the holy city of Puri at the Bay of Bengal.\nThe field experiment\nThe 4-6 month project mainly aims at evaluation of different water management strategies to increase the yield of local vegetables species important to the Indian small holders. The experiment will include on-station and on-farm field trials in and around the Maa Mati campus. The student will conduct the actual field trial comparing the improved sensor-based irrigation strategies with prevalent farmers’ practices. Regular scientific back stopping and sufficient hands-on support in the field is available. Ideal start is November 2022.\nWhat’s on Offer?\nThe project is open to the students in agricultural, environmental, biology and plant sciences.\nIf this topic interests you, send your application with a short cover letter, CV and certificates to Dr. Navreet Bhullar\nBist du der ideale Kandidat (m/w/d) für diese Stelle? Dann bewirb dich jetzt und wir werden dich so schnell wie möglich kontaktieren.\nBitte sage uns wo du ähnliche Stellenanzeigen suchst und vergiss nicht deine E-Mail Adresse anzugeben!\nDu möchtest dich mit nur einem Klick ganz einfach bewerben und immer auf dem neuesten Stand bezüglich neuer Stellenangebote, die zu dir passen, sein? Melde dich jetzt als Student an!Kostenlos registrieren", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Even people who don’t keep chickens are familiar with the egg song. Everyone knows the “bawk bawk” sound that chickens make! For us chicken keepers, it’s known as the egg song and it truly is music to our ears! But what does the egg song mean? Why do chickens “sing” it?\nMany people have no idea that they can grow their own mushrooms… and that it is actually quite easy! Shiitake mushrooms are delicious, healthy, easy to grow, and can be grown in the shade. Mushrooms can be grown in a variety of ways, but growing them on logs is very simple, low maintenance and can […]\nIt’s fall again! It’s time for the trees to shed their leaves. Many people see autumn leaves as a big nuisance, but we see them as a blessing. There are so many uses for leaves around your yard or homestead. Don’t waste your fall leaves by tossing them out on the curb! Here’s eight ideas […]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Laelay Machew/ Axum Food Hub in Mekelle, Ethiopia, will work on composite flours (teff, moringa) and oil (moringa). The main agricultural activity will be precision harvesting, and processing will consist firstly of smart storage and milling, and second, packaging and labelling.\nThe activity of precision harvesting will develop, implement, and test smart monitoring and control systems aimed at optimizing and standardizing timing and procedure of harvesting of crops and fruits in order to minimize losses at harvest and preserve the quality of the products. The system will comprise and harmonize the following: remote sensing tools (e.g., drones and weather station, such as AWS, with agro-meteorological sensors), telecommunication at local level (ICTs including IoT), monitoring centre (with data analysis and evaluation technologies), and mobile apps for end users.\nFor processing, smart storage systems will be developed and tested addressing both the post-harvest and post-processing phases and meeting the needs of individuals and small cooperatives (low-tech solutions); communities, and/or companies that may also require either long – or short – term storage, back-up contingencies, and overflow capacity by effectively optimizing storage parameters. Storage structures will be safe and easy to build locally and for the logistics chain from the producer to the final consumer. In addition, this task will assess the maturity parameters of agricultural products and the resulting storability indices (e.g. colour, firmness, water activity, pH, NIR spectra, sugar, acid and secondary metabolite content). This will prevent possible degradation and reduce food losses and waste.\nIn the case of milling processes, the aim is twofold. Firstly, these are implemented and tested to produce composite flours that combine food raw materials. For instance, introducing legumes into the complementary diet has the potential to improve childhood growth. Secondly, the work aims to optimize the particle size distribution so as to add value to the final blended flours. These will be formulated together with the SME partners taking care of nutritional and functional aspects to obtain healthy novel food products especially for children.\nBio-based packages that are able to preserve the functional and nutritional properties of the food products, reduce their contamination during storage (and transportation), and increase their marketability and attractiveness will be developed and tested. The availability of environmentally friendly, affordable, and optimal packaging materials, and technologies will be assessed, pre-selected, and tested on a small scale for at least 4 relevant, specific food products. This is done so as to obtain high level quality maintenance during storage at different environmental conditions.\nThe aim of labelling is to develop food control and traceability systems ensuring novel products quality, safety, authenticity, and identity as well as providing them with the protection and promotion labelling-based patterns. The activity will follow the selected products from their origin and in each phase of their entire process, and implement appropiate standard techniques and procedures of control also for the purpose to obtain – where pertinent – the organic production certification. The control systems and models of full chain traceability will conform to local regulations and the EU labelling schemes for the protection/valorisation of food identity and quality.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are $14 billion available to help producers who were affected by COVID-19.\nFarmers have until mid-December to apply. The President of the North Dakota Farmers Union says producers are struggling to stay afloat this year.\n“We can’t fix the marketplace with this built up lack of demand and too much supply, and that’s going to stick with us for a period of time. We simply got to have help to get us through this or the choices get very thin on what farmers and ranchers can do to continue to operate,” said Mark Watne, President of NDFU.\nWatne says farmers and ranchers can start applying now.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“feed soil take time to make weedfree and edge it”\n…whilst I rarely feed my own soil, I do add plenty of organic matter…home made compost is my fav…I can never made enough of the stuff. Edges are another very good and often overlooked point …sharp and clear edges to your border will help stop nasties creeping in…keep them maintained and your life will be easier and your patch will look more organised, making your neighbours boil over with envy and desire.\n@PlantPasssion says “Sow Ammi in the Autumn as they perform better”\n…actually…this is something I overheard Claire say on Twitter…so it’s not verbatim but it’s worth a mention….my autumn sown Ammi are always twice the height and bushiness of spring sown ones…though it must be said that spring sown ones will go on later into the season…I myself sow in both the autumn and the spring but that’s just the maverick, rock and roll lifestyle that I choose to adopt.\nSarah Beattie grows flowers among other goodies in her French garden @sarahbeattiegra. Sarah has some VERY wise words!\n“buy from Ben! ;-) seriously tho’ fresh seed helps avoid nongermination disappointment Sow some in autumn Some in spring…”\nBenjamin Higgledy of @higgledygarden (that’s me that is) says, If sowing direct into the soil in spring…don’t sow too early….if the soil is too cool, your seeds won’t germinate…leave it until at least mid April…beginning of May for those north of the border. Hardy annuals generally produce more flowers that half hardy annuals and are marginally easier to grow”\nLorraine Pullen “Dont plant the rows too closely together as I did at first you just end up with lots of tall stringy plants that blow over easily, less is more 😀”\nThank you Lorraine…I sow or plant up my rows at a foot apart…this works well for me…I can easily reach the middle of the beds from both sides.\nBetty Higden “Tip: if you have the room start some Sweet pea seeds off now for early flowers next year. But remember to ‘treat them hard’, as soon as they have germinated put them outside in a cold frame for the winter.”\nQuite right…’treat em mean keep em keen!’. I usually sow all of my Sweet Peas in spring but that’s because I forget to start some in Autumn. …I know a chap who sells a BRILLIANT Sweet Pea collection!\nAmanda Russell “Keep cutting for more flowers”\nShort and sweet from Amanda! Yes…especially hardy annuals…these are flower making machines….some half hardy annuals like Cosmos will also keep producing….plants like Nicotiana, less so. My ‘Seeds To Sow In Autumn’ collection is made up of hardy annuals…it can be sown in spring too….and is swimmingly good value.\nSarah Curtis “Give your self twice as much room as you think you’ll need and the the plants will fill it!”\nha! Yes! …although, equally…don’t bite off more than you can chew…if you can’t keep on top of the weeding the whole exercise may become dispiriting.\nChristopher Shepherd “My tip is this….. Make sure you leave enough room to actually get in there and cut them off without trampling through a sea of plants damaging them. Err like I did this year”\n…we’ve all been there Christopher…I’ve made some Higgledy ‘Mega beds’ in my time…they are tricky to manage. Here’s a guide to: Preparing beds for a cutting patch.\nTeresa Stirling “Don’t plant too close together…and stake/support the bu**ers! :) “\n…My plot is pretty sheltered so I don’t need to stake my flowers…but if your patch is in any way exposed it’s worth it. You can stretch pea netting across the bed at a height of about a foot….let the flowers grow through it….\nThank you to all the contributors for their top tips…you are super, smashing, great!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From Washington Post:\nWorld rice production will hit a record high this year, but increasing demand and restrictions on exports will keep prices high, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization said Monday.\nGlobal prices of staple foods have risen more than 40 percent in the past year, leading to shortages, hoarding and riots in some developing countries. Rice prices have soared 76 percent since December, and world stocks are at their lowest since the early 1980s.\nConcepción Calpe, a senior economist at the Rome-based FAO, said that according to preliminary forecasts, world production this year could grow by about 2.3 percent, reaching a record of 666 million tons. \"Prices are expected to remain extremely firm, at least until the third quarter of 2008, unless restrictions on exports are eased in the coming months,\" she said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lawmakers delay proposed ban on smokable hemp\nRALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — A proposed ban on smokable hemp has North Carolina farmers worried as the state Senate agriculture committee considers legislation that would expand industrial hemp farming, which was originally established as a pilot program in 2015.\nFarmers argued at a hearing Thursday that banning smokable hemp would hurt the lucrative hemp industry at a time where many farmers in the traditional tobacco-farming state are struggling due to hurricanes and decreased tobacco prices.\nBut the State Bureau of Investigation pushed to ban smokable hemp, saying it’s difficult for law enforcement to discern smokable hemp from marijuana.\nLawmakers amended the bill to delay the smokable hemp ban until Dec. 1, 2020, giving them time to figure out how to regulate the fast-growing industry. The committee plans to vote on the bill next week.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PRESS BULLETIN No. 86.\nFlorida Agrlcullural Experiment Slallon.\nCOCOANUT MEAL AS A DAIRY FEED.\nBY JOHN M. SCOTT.\nIn recent years the manufacture of cocoanut oil on a large scale from\nthe dried \"meat\" of the cocoanut (copra) has given a by-product known as\ncocoanut meal. This material has been placed on the markets as a dairy\nfood. A chemical analysis of the cocoanut meal with which our experi-\nments were conducted indicated that its apparent feeding value was in\nexcess of half that of cottonseed meal.\nCONDITIONS OF THE EXPERIMENT.\nFour cows were selected from the dairy herd and divided into two\nlots, so that the period of lactation in each lot would be as nearly com-\nparable as possible. The feeding time was divided into three equal periods\nof twenty-one days each, with seven days preliminary feeding before each\nof the three periods, so as to change the feeding gradually. Each lot\nreceived the same amount of bran and shorts; but the cottonseed meal and\ncocoanut meal were not fed- in equal, but in equivalent rations, which were\ncalculated from the results of the chemical analysis.\nThe experiment proper lasted sixty-three days, during which time the\ncows which were fed -with cottonseed meal produced 1,888.5 pounds of\nmilk, and the cows which received cocoanut meal gave 1,844 pounds of\nmilk; so that the balance in favor of cottonseed meal was only 44.5 pounds\nfor the whole period, or an average of a little more than 11 ounces a day.\n(One gallon of milk weighs 8.6 pounds.)\nFrom the above results, we find that one pound of cottonseed meal is\nnearly equal to two pounds of cocoanut meal for milk production. This\ncorresponds nearly to the results of the chemical analyses of these two ma-\nterials. In other words, our experiments indicate that a unit of protein\nfrom cocoanut meal is very nearly, but not quite, equal to a unit of protein\nfrom cottonseed meal.\nIn this experiment the total amount of feeds consumed were as follows:\nFirst Test-Cocoanut meal, 453 pounds; bran, 1,008 pounds; shorts,\n1,008 pounds. Second Test-Cottonseed meal, 252 pounds; bran, 1,008\npounds; shorts, 1,008 pounds.\nMarch 21, 1908.\nOne pound of cottonseed meal with the proper amount of bran and\nshorts produced 7.49 pounds of milk; while one pound of cocoanut meal\nwith the corresponding amount of bran and shorts produced only 4.06 pounds\nSo far as we are able to detect, the cocoanut meal had no bad effects\non the general health or constitutions of the animals. After the first few\nfeeds the cows all seemed to relish the cocoanut meal, and apparently ate\nit as heartily as they did cottonseed meal. .The cows were weighed at\nregular intervals, and a comparison shows that they all gained a little in\nweight during the period of the experiment.\nThe test reported here was not conducted during the best season of the\nyear for the dairy cow. The hot weather of July and August, when ac-\ncompanied by an abundance of flies and mosquitoes, is not conducive to a\ngood yield of milk. This, no doubt, accounts in part for the low daily\naverage yield per cow, which was a little less than two gallons. This is\nwhat would be called only a fair yield for a good dairy cow. A good cow\nought to give an average of 2.5 gallons of milk a day.\nState papers please copy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Djawadou Sannia, Godardo Juanichb\na FAO Consultant, Porto Novo, Benin\nb FAO Consultant, Buacao, Clarin, Bohol, Philippines\nSanni, D. &Juanich, G. 2006. A feasibility study of rice-fish farming in Western Africa. In M. Halwart & A.A. van Dam, eds. Integrated irrigation and aquaculture in West Africa: concepts, practices and potential, pp. 75–78. Rome, FAO. 181 pp.\nThe paper presents the executive summary of results of a mission to Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Ghana to evaluate past experience and current activities in rice-fish farming and assess the potential for further development. The main finding of the mission was that rice-fish culture is feasible in the West African subregion. The extensive form of rice-fish farming which is already practiced is worth improving to obtain higher fish yields. Intensive rice-fish culture should be introduced to rice farming in West Africa because it can provide additional income to rice farmers. The main immediate constraint is the need for technology training at local level. Recommendations include introduction of intensive rice-fish farming in rice plots with totally controlled irrigation; improved water management in low lying areas, especially for flood control; assessment of the feasibility of extensive rice-fish farming in ponds along rivers; assessment of the feasibility of extensive rice-fish culture in mangrove areas, with due recognition of environmental considerations; and integrated pest management for rice-fish farming.\nAquaculture integrated into irrigated plots has been considered a suitable way to increase the fishery production in sub-Saharan Africa. Since the early 1990s, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has worked to help implementing these recommendations. In September 1999, FAO organized a workshop in Accra to consider the opportunity of setting up an Integrated Irrigation-Aquaculture Network (IIA) in the western Africa subregion (Moehl et al. 2001). Two missions were fielded between October 1999 and July 2000 to assess the potential for IIA integration. At the same time, FAO proposed a regional programme to develop integrated inland water resources management in areas prone to recurrent drought in western Africa. Within this regional programme, rice-fish farming can be considered a part of the IIA component. Following the conclusions of the two missions, the Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), during its meeting in Abuja (Nigeria) in October 2000, recommended to look more closely at the feasibility of rice-fish farming in western Africa.\nIIA in sub-Saharan Africa, and more specifically rice-fish farming, should be seen in the context of:\nThis report is based on a mission to Niger, Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast and Ghana during March and April 2001. In each country, the authors evaluated past experiments and the current status of rice-fish farming and assessed its potential and the availability of know-how and other resources such as rice varieties, fish seeds and farmers’expectations about rice-fish culture.\nThe main finding of the mission was that rice-fish culture is feasible in the West African subregion. All sites visited by the team provided a good idea of rice farming practices and revealed that rice-fish farming can be implemented successfully in western Africa. The west African subregion has great infrastructure potential for irrigated rice culture. Both irrigated rice crops under total water management, and rice crops with controlled flooding in low-lying areas or swamps can be integrated with fish farming.\nIn all countries visited, rice farming irrigation projects have been planned or are being implemented. Because existing rice areas were not designed for rice-fish farming, the height of the dikes is often insufficient for rice-fish farming. Some of the pumping systems used to irrigate these rice fields may not be sufficient to supply the water requirements of rice-fish farming, particularly during the dry season when most motor-pumps are switched off or run at low capacity to save energy.\nWater management is the most important factor for succes of rice-fish culture in low lying areas. Water supply can be either too high, with floods washing away the fish, or insufficient with fields drying up too early in the season.\nThe same rice varieties are used almost everywhere. These varieties are distributed by WARDA through its research networks or through the Inland Valley Consortium. The average duration of the rice production cycle is 120 days. Some varieties have local names. In irrigated rice culture, large amounts of fertilizers as well as herbicides and pesticides are used to assure higher yields. Only in Ivory Coast and Ghana, the use of chemicals has been reduced after training on integrated pest management. This is positive for rice-fish culture. The aquatic fern Azolla can be found nearly everywhere, but it is not formally farmed and farmers often ignore its properties and use. Nonetheless, irrigated rice culture techniques are generally well known and mastered in all the sites visited. Problems in water management sometimes arise due to overlapping activities with other crops in the culture calendar.\nIn the immediate vicinity of the sites visited the availability of fingerlings, especially of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), is not a problem either because there are streams nearby or (sometimes privately run) fish farms.\nTraditional extensive rice-fish farming is still practiced in Niger, Senegal and Mali, where river floods and rising tides pour fingerlings into rice plots where they grow until harvest. Human intervention in this system is mainly concerned with the infrastructure and not with fish because water regulation is needed to increase rice production.\nExperiments on intensive or classic rice culture have been carried out in each of the countries visited. These experiments had a strong research focus and few or no farmers were involved; the results, whether positive or negative, were often not available. Because of the increasing interest in rice-fish farming, intensive rice-fish culture projects have been planned in these five countries and are awaiting funds to revive research in this field. A rice-fish farming project has been planned at the Private Agriculture Institute of Mianzan in Adzope, Ivory Coast.\nDuring discussions with farmers and technicians it became clear that rice-fish farming is viewed as a potentially important technology in the struggle for food security. Various issues related to the problem were raised, such as lack of technological knowledge and need for training, use of fertilizers and pesticides, expensive supplementary food, mangrove fish, drying up of low lying areas, fish size at harvest, contributions the farmers have to provide, the starting date of such a venture, etc. Farmers expressed a strong interest in this technology.\nIn all countries, experience in rice culture exists and experience in aquaculture is growing. Innovation is stimulated by the implementation of water management and diversification of the SPFS programmes. Whereas experience in the management of traditional rice-fish farming systems also exists (although improvements are needed), knowledge on intensive rice-fish culture is lacking everywhere. There are a few technicians who had the opportunity to deal with rice-fish culture during a training course in Asia or even in their home country (as e.g. in Dawhenya, Ghana), but they never had the opportunity to exploit their skills. Farmers generally know nothing about rice-fish culture but are curious to discover. Some farmers followed the training in Dawhenya, Ghana and know the technology but, for the time being, cannot put their knowledge into practice because of predators.\nUnfortunately, the yield data on past rice-fish culture experiments are often unavailable. However, farmers intuitively grasp that they will harvest fish as well as rice in the same field where only rice was previously harvested. The Niger Office in Niono (Mali) reported rice yields from one rice-fish plot of 9 tonnes/ha, considerably higher than the average 7 tonnes/ha usually obtained from regular rice plots. Results of fish production were not considered in this experiment because of predators.\nIt is concluded that rice-fish farming has good prospects also in financial terms but not under all scenarios and conditions. For example, it is still not clear if the additional fish crop will compensate for the additional water pumping. This cannot be answered at the moment and further research should be carried out in this direction.\nFor “intensive” rice-fish farming to succeed, it must be practised at individual farmer or farming household level, where everybody contributes to rice-fish culture management.\nConclusions and recommendations\nOn the basis of the above findings, the mission came to the conclusion that both extensive and intensive forms of rice-fish farming are feasible in western Africa. The extensive form which is already practiced is worth improving to obtain higher fish yields. Intensive rice-fish culture should be introduced to rice farming in West Africa because it can provide additional income to rice farmers.\nThe mission also recognized constraints to development of rice-fish farming. The main immediate constraint is the need for technology training at local level. Rice-fish development in Africa will only happen if the following issues are addressed:\nIntegrated pest management for rice-fish farming.\nIt is recommended that a development strategy for rice-fish farming in Africa be focused on three main themes: training, experimentation, and implementation.\nIn support of this strategy, it is recommended that Technical Co-operation Programmes be implemented in each country and that FAO’s Telefood projects be planned to give assistance to the pilot rice-fish farmers who could further serve in the technological promotion. Further to these programmes in each country, it is suggested that complementary action be taken for fisheries and water management. On a regional scale, active participation of countries in an IIA network to which they will contribute with the results of their activities is recommended. These countries should also start collaborating with international research institutes, particulary with WARDA which has an important role in the research on rice varieties used in different ecological conditions and farming systems. Finally, exchange within the South-South cooperation programmes should also be considered.\nMoehl, J.F., Beernaerts, I., Coche, A.G., Halwart, M. & Sagua, V.O. 2001. Proposal for an African network on integrated irrigation and aquaculture. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Accra, Ghana, 20–21 September 1999. Rome, FAO. 75 p.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Agriculture program enriches the broad general education provided by Wilmington College with basic courses designed to prepare students either for graduate programs or for participation in the food systems industry. This includes production, processing, management, finance, marketing, research, and other varied professions.\nThe Agricultural Business concentration combines agriculture courses with varied offerings in accounting, business administration, and economics. Students with this concentration usually enter supply or marketing firms closely associated with farm production or return to home farms. They work in areas such as agricultural credit, farm business management, agricultural supply firm management, and marketing.\nThe Agricultural Communications concentrations is designed as a cross-curricular degree program that combines an agricultural science core with study and application in integrated communication. Through the context of agriculture, students will explore the rich and growing fields of food policy and development, technical, and science writing, agricultural journalism, public relations, event planning, and communications management. As the global demand for food and fiber increases, so will the need to bridge the information gap between producers and consumers-or industry and the public. Graduates of the agricultural communications program will serve that niche in a variety of ways.\nThe Agronomy concentration prepares students for agriculture professions in areas of soil science, crop science, agriculture biochemistry and basic research, as well as soil and water conservation. Many students in agronomy will minor in Chemistry.\nThe Animal Science concentration prepares students for career opportunities as herd managers, managers of livestock enterprises, field representatives of livestock enterprises, livestock buyers, or related meat industry positions. Students may want to complement this concentration with a minor in Biology.\nThe Resource Conservation and Regenerative Agriculture concentration teaches a whole-systems approach to agriscience-from soil to supermarket. The emerging practices of agroecology, regenerative agronomy, permaculture, soil management, and conservation planning are taught and implemented on the college's 267-acre academic farm and throughout its greenhouses, high tunnels, and raised beds. This program is ideal for students interested in federal- and state- agency soil science/soil conservation careers, and meets all qualification standards as outlined by the USDA-NRCS (at least 12 semester hours in combination of soils and crops or plant science).\nTransfer students from Clark State Community College, Agricultural Technical Institute - The Ohio State University, and Southern State Community College, who have completed an Associate of Applied Science or a two-year technical degree in an area related to Agriculture, Horticulture, Natural Resources, or Environmental Studies with a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0, can complete this degree program by taking the 24 Resource Conservation and Regenerative Agriculture hours remaining outside of the 26-hour Agriculture core.\nIn addition, Wilmington College offers a Career-Technical license in Agriscience (grades four and beyond). Students must be admitted to the Teacher Education Program. It is recommended that students seeking licensure consult faculty in the Agriculture and Education areas. See Education for additional information.\nThe Equine Business Management major will offer core classes in both the Equine and Business areas. The foundation of coursework will be centered on communication, science, and business management as it pertains to the equine industry. Upon completing an Equine Business Management degree, students will have the knowledge and skill set to be competitive upon entering the work force or the background to continue on with specialized academic or vocational pursuits in the equine industry. Graduates of the program are prepared for careers in equine event management, equine nutrition, farm, and ranch management, or owning an equine related business. Please note student pursing the Equine Business Management major cannot also pursue the Equine Studies minor.\nThe Equine Studies minor curriculum is based on core Equine classes. Electives are offered areas of Agriculture, Business, and Equine. This provides students the opportunity to tailer their education and concentrate on their area of interest. Students will be offered hands-on opportunities to manage animals, integrate solutions, and explore the score of the equine industry. The Equine Studies minor complements majors in the area of Agriculture, Business, and Biology.\nIndependent Studies and Internships are available to students with cumulative averages of 2.50 or higher and the recommendation of a faculty member in the department.\nAgriculture Major with Agricultural Business Concentration\nAgriculture Major with Agricultural Leadership and Communications Concentration\nAgriculture Major with Agronomy Concentration\nAgriculture Major with Animal Science Concentration\nEquine Business Management Major\nResource Conservation & Regenerative Agriculture Concentration (RCRA)\nEquine Studies Minor\nIntroduction to agricultural communication is a course designed to prepare students to understand, analyze, and communicate about complex issues in food, agriculture, and the environment. This course will provide students with a foundation in basic and advanced communication theories, models and practices that apply within agricultural settings. This course is designed to introduce students to the Agricultural Communication and Management concentration and the related fields of employment including, but not limited to, public relations, sales management, marketing management, communications management, technical writing, journalism, and media relations.\nHistorical analysis of soil and water conservation policies and programs, as outlined in the Conservation Title of the U.S. Farm Bill. Course will examine policy initiatives, implementation strategies, and evaluative and/or administrative processes. Students will explore and discuss various approaches to resource management including the use of incentives and disincentives, top-down regulatory approaches, and private-public partnerships.\nProduction of important field crops of the world with greatest emphasis on U.S. and Midwestern field crops; crop production changes and adjustments, crop distribution over U.S., and crop groups and classifications, special agronomic problems, crop enemies, crop ecology, fertilizer and liming practices, tillage, crop improvement through breeding.\nAnalysis of problems involved in meeting current and prospective world needs of food and fiber production. Course work will have an emphasis on business organization, credit, diversity, education, marketing, and production. Students will experience World Food through multiple perspectives including culinary arts, economics, geography, and policy. There are practical exercises in cross-cultural negotiation technique, import-export of agricultural goods, and international trade.\nThis course will provide insight into the sales function within agriculture business. Selling strategies and approaches, why and how people buy, prospective, territory management and customer relations are all topics to be discussed. The topics of self-presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills that are necessary in developing leadership qualities within the agricultural sector will be explored.\nThis course will provide an overview of common-law principles and statutory law to agency relationship, land tenure, farm tenancy, farm labor, farm management, taxation and estate planning.\nThis course is designed to educate students about current revolving issues in the agricultural, food, and natural resource sciences and to expose student to a variety of methods used to critically evaluate contentious issues and effectively communicate, inform, and influence decisions made about these issues. In addition, this course explores the impacts agricultural issues have on the agricultural industry and society.\nEmphasizes genetic improvement of livestock. Quantitative and molecular genetic principles are studied and applied to livestock production. Current and emerging genetic and reproduction technologies, including genomics, genetic engineering, cloning, embryo transfer, and artificial insemination are discussed.\nEmphasizes reproductive anatomy & physiology of livestock. Anatomical structures involved and hormonal control of reproduction, pregnancy, parturition, and lactation are studied and applied to livestock production. Current and emerging reproductive and genetic technologies, including artificial insemination, cloning, estrous synchronization, estrus and pregnancy detection, multiple ovulation embryo transfer, semen sexing, genetic engineering, and genomic engineering, and genomic selection, are discussed.\nThe course covers in-depth production practices of major forage crops. Areas of focus include the principles of classification, varieties used, production practices, harvesting, marketing and seed production. Laboratory work includes forage seed and plant identification.\nThis course will examine advanced concepts in soil conservation, including factors that influence soil erosion, soil-loss prediction models and methods of measurement, and practices in erosion control. Students will explore conservation cropping systems, tillage methods, structural systems, and vegetation establishment. Course will include a review of soil survey and land-use planning tools.\nAn internship is an intensive career-oriented work experience related to the studen'ts academic studies, professional and educational goals. It is also an opportunity to gain practical experience in one's major field of study, apply knowledge gained in the classroom, and make useful contacts in a professional field. The experience is ideally unique to the student and must be supervised by a qualified supervisor.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Studies on the tuber transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’\nStudies have been conducted in New Zealand to evaluate the possible role of potato tubers in the transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (EPPO A1 List – bacterium associated with zebra chip disease). Potato tubers infected with ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ were planted in the absence of the psyllid vector (Bactericera cockerelli - EPPO A1 List) and the progeny obtained was tested by nested-PCR. In this experiment, 62 infected and 38 healthy potato tubers were planted (under a net to prevent psyllid infestation) and the development of symptoms was monitored between planting of the mother tubers and the resulting crop. In the resulting crop, the transmission ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was evaluated with the development of foliar and tuber symptoms, and positive results in nested-PCR tests. A large proportion of mother tubers (58) sprouted. During the growing season, only 2 plants (out of the 58 obtained) showed symptoms of zebra chip; they died prematurely and the presence of the pathogen could be detected in leaf samples. The remaining 56 potato plants did not show any foliage symptoms. However, when tested the pathogen could be found in foliar samples from 39 of these potato plants. At the end of the growing season, harvested progeny tubers were screened for the presence of zebra chip symptoms and tested. Mild symptoms were observed in tubers which had been produced by 1 plant only. Nested-PCR tests of tuber samples (1 representative tuber collected from each harvested plant) confirmed that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ was present in the daughter tubers showing mild symptoms, as well as in tubers originating from 4 asymptomatic plants. These results showed that ‘Ca. L. solanacearum’ can be transmitted from the mother tubers both to the foliage of growing plants and to progeny tubers.\nPitman AR, Drayton GM, Kraberger SJ, Genet RA, Scott IAW (2011) Tuber transmission of 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' and its association with zebra chip on potato in New Zealand. European Journal of Plant Pathology 129(3), 389-398.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Howdy reader? After flying and making drones for more than 3 years, I never thought drones will be useful to our farmers until I designed a drone for the same purpose. It was an amazing experience for me as I got to see how drones are impacting our day to day lives. Wondering how drones are used in agriculture, Here’s what they are being used for in agricultural field: r\n- Solving irrigation problems.\n- Checking for fungal and pest infestations.\n- Monitoring crop growth and increasing crop production.\n- For aerial seeding.\n- Similarly, For checking soil variations.\nThis is just the tip of the iceberg as these are only a few of many other applications. Let’s take a look at each one of them.\nHow Drones Used In Agricultural Practices [Summary]\nAs I have said earlier, Now we’re going to discuss everything in great detail. So stick with me till the end and trust me I won’t let you down.\n1. Solving Irrigation Problems\nA lot of people use drones to solve irrigation problems. Let me explain how Drones equipped with the right cameras and types of equipment make it easy to monitor various areas in the agricultural field. Under-irrigated areas (causing salts to accumulate) can be monitored with the help of it. And not only this, It can check for the hotspots which are over-irrigated. Remember this, Over-irrigation affects plant growth a lot like leaching of Nitrogen and other micro-nutrients in the soil.\n2. Checking Fungal or Pest Infestation\nLooking through each part of the agricultural field in search of fungal as well as pest infestation is a haunting task. If you have been through that you know the pain. Therefore, you get to see drones’ true potential here. A well-equipped drone can be used for finding infestations that sometimes get overlooked by human eyes. An aerial view of the agricultural land is generated through the drone imaging system. Thi generated-view is later used by the farmers for tracking the infestation by going though it manually or using A.I (or, Machine Learning Algorithms). Either way, it makes the task easier and merrier which can take weeks on a big chunk of agricultural land.\nWhy do I think it is better? In the United States, insects and fungal/pest infestations cause $120 billion of damage every year. That’s for the U.S. only, Think about the damages caused by it all around the world.\n3. Monitoring Crop Growth & Increase Production\nDrones can be used manually or set to automatically monitor the plant growth daily, weekly, or monthly. It helps farmers in identifying plant growth in various areas in the land by taking continuous images as per set frequency, thus revealing possible trouble spots.\nAfter these areas or spots are identified by farmers, it can be used to improve farming methods and increase farm production.\n4. Aerial Seeding\nThis is one of the best applications of the drone in an agricultural field. Want to know why? As everyone gets to fly the drone and spread the seeds on the field using drones.\nIs it better? Yes, It is. You must be thinking how? Don’t worry, I’m here to help. If we use a drone for spreading the seeds across the land. It will be faster and easier because it is a more efficient approach than traditional approaches. As drones can spread the seeds consistently throughout the agricultural land which in turn can help in improving plant growth.\nIf we look at this approach carefully, Can you think of other similar applications? You got it. Spraying fertilizers, irrigation, and plucking of certain plants (i.e. weeds) can be done with the help of the drones.\n5. Checking Soil Variations\nPheww, Coming to the last application. Wait, I remember more applications now. Holdup after I end this point. So the soil is one of the most critical factors while growing crops. Overlooking it is not an option. Here drone comes to rescue as looking through whole agricultural land is a horrifying task for anyone.\nUsing the drone imaging system several images of the land can be generated. Later farmers use these processed images generated using different camera imagining technologies to identify soil issues. This reduces a lot of hard work and time needed to put in this task.\nSome Other Applications\nUse the drone for obtaining multispectral images of the agricultural land. Multispectral images reveal a somewhat IR view as well as a visual spectrum view. The combination shows the farmer the differences between healthy and unhealthy plants, a difference not always clearly visible to the naked eye. Thus, these views can assist in assessing crop growth and production as mentioned earlier.\nIt’s true that the sky is not the limit. So this applies to drone technologies too. As using drone technology can help us identify drought-prone land and help us prevent the upcoming horrific event.\nAfter going through all the points above, You must have understood how drones can have a huge impact on the farming industry. If I’m not wrong in the next 4-5 years, We’ll see a huge surge in drone use for agricultural purposes.\n|EXPECTED INCREASE IN DRONE USAGE (AGRICULTURE SECTOR)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Related to mint and with a similar appearance Melissa officinalis is commonly known as Lemon Balm and often simply Balm. It is easy to grow from seedlings in the home garden.\nThis is a herb that has been used for 1000s of years and as the common name suggests is used as a calming herb.\nThe essential oils are extracted by distillation and then mixed with a carrier oil to create the balm.\nA number of varieties of Lemon Balm are available including\n- M. officinalis ‘Lime’ – More of a lime fragrance.\n- M. officinalis ‘Quedlinburger Niederliegende’ which is said to have a higher oil content.\n- M. officinalis ‘variegata’ – Variegated foliage.\nHow to grow Lemon Balm\nIn a frost free area this is very a very easy to grow. You can plant seedlings in spring, or start plants off from seed in winter indoors.\nThis is a plant likes a well drained humus rich soil. It grows well in full sun to part shade and plants need to plated at around 30 cm (12 inches) apart.\nGood drainage is essential, although watering during very dry summers will be required.\nThe plant does tend spread by underground runners and we suggest growing it in containers to control its spread.\nAn annual tidy up by pruning back in early spring will keep the plant growing well and promote a bushy habit.\nLemon Balm plants are available for sale from the following nurseries\nLittle Hampton, Vic 345\n\"Mail order nursery specialising in cottage garden perennials, flowering shrubs, Trilliums, Hostas and Pacific Coast Iris. Flat rate express postage - Except WA & TAS\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Jose Buono Philodendron needs bright light to grow healthy and shining leaves. The size and texture of its leaves depend on light, water, fertilizer, and other care factors.\nYou can easily grow and maintain Jose Buono even if you never grow a philodendron before in your life.\nToday you’ll know how to grow a healthy Philodendron Jose Buono and how to maintain its good health for years.\nI’ll cover basic and advanced growing tips with propagation methods and common problems.\nAbout Philodendron Jose Buono\nPhilodendron Jose Buono is an evergreen rare philodendron plant. It has heart-shaped velvety leaves with or without variegation.\nThis climber philodendron belongs to tropical jungles. It is a large plant with 12 feet in height and 3 to 4 feet spread.\nUnfortunately, you can only find taller Philodendron Jose Buono plants in tropical jungles.\nWhen we grow them at home due to changes in their natural growing habitat. Jose Buono only reaches to 3-meter height with 15 to 24 inches long and 9 to 11 inches wide leaves.\nRemember that this is the general size of Jose Buono. The actual size depends upon the growing conditions and care techniques.\nYou should use a moss pole for this climber plant to encourage it to produce large size leaves and grow taller.\nI have 2 jose Buono plants one is 2 feet tall whereas the young plant with the support of a moss pole is almost 4.2 feet tall.\nWhen we give support to plants, they save the energy that they spend to hold their structure. Then they use this saved energy to produce more leaves and grow taller.\nThis philodendron plant does not produce flowers and you don’t have to prune it frequently.\nPhilodendron Jose Buono has 3 types of leaf patterns:\n- One with Red Veins on dark green leaves is called Philodendron Jose Buono red.\n- The second variety has purple veins and is called Philodendron Jose Buono purple.\n- The third variety of Philodendron Jose Buono has no special veins or lines on leaves, only heart-shaped green foliage.\nHow to Grow Philodendron Jose Buono?\nPhilodendron Jose Buono needs moist soil for proper growth and shining velvety leaves. Give it plenty of light along with clean water and a few ounces of fertilizer to boost its health.\nBelow are the growing tips for a healthy Jose Buono:\nLike in tropical jungles, Philodendron Jose Buono needs indirect bright light for photosynthesis. The plant is able to carry out photosynthesis even in low light.\nBut because we want our Jose Buono to grow attractive and tall. It is best to expose it to bright indirect light.\nMy Philodendron Jose Buono is growing happily on the east-facing window. It enjoys morning sunlight for a few hours. Then filtered light for the rest of the day.\nRoughly it needs 7 to 8 hours of light per day which is sufficient to keep it alive and healthy.\nDo not expose your plant to direct sunlight. As this will result in yellow and pale scorch leaves.\nIt is hard to reverse the sun damage in philodendron plants. Therefore, decide the plant location first then buy it from the garden store.\nWatering Philodendron Jose Buono\nJose Buono Philodendron is a water-sensitive houseplant. This means it cannot tolerate excessive amounts of water even in the summer season.\nTo water tropical plants like Jose Buono always check the soil condition at first.\nIf the soil is moist, no need to water your plant. But if the soil feels dry, give some water to your Jose Buono.\nSlowly pour the water so that the soil can easily absorb it. Once you see the water dripping out of the drainage hole.\nImmediately stop pouring water and leave your plant to drain all the extra amount of water.\nAfter 30 minutes comes back and empty the bottom tray and place it back under the pot. You are done with watering Philodendron.\nFollow this method for 365 days regardless of the season of the year. If you don’t want to see water-related problems in your plant.\nBest Water for Jose Buono Philodendron\nThe quality of water is important to prevent water-related issues and root diseases. In my experience, the best water is filtered water for watering plants.\nBecause it does not contain heavy substances like copper, chlorine, and fluoride. These are harmful to philodendron plants.\nThey get collected at the bottom of the pot and stick to the roots. Roots stop functioning properly which affects the overall health of philodendrons.\nYour plant becomes weak and leaves shrink their size due to the limited amount of water. Weak photosynthesis is also a result of the low amount of water in leaves.\nTherefore, to prevent all these problems always use clean and filtered water for watering your Philo. Jose Buono.\nQuick-draining soil works best to grow Philodendron Jose Buono as a houseplant.\nChoose potting soil that has perlite and peat in it. You should also add some ounces of compost to increase the nutritional value of the soil.\nRemember that the pH should be between 6.5 to 7.2 pH. Below or above this range will directly affect the nutrient absorption rate of the roots.\nMy soil formula for Jose Buono:\nPerlite + Peat + General purpose soil + Home-made compost\nThis formula is light in weight and there are many other light weights ready-to-use potting soils available on Amazon.\nLight Weight Potting soil not only increases the air circulation in the root zone. It also reduces the soil pressure on roots.\nGives enough room for roots to grow easily and also prevents root-bound.\n55 to 80 degrees F is the ideal temperature range for Philodendron Jose Buono. At low temperatures, the water stored in leaf cells starts to freeze.\nThis breaks the cell walls and results in brown spots on leaves.\nWhereas the high temperature burns the leaf tips and turns them brown. If your plant has brown leaf tips and dry soil.\nThis means it is suffering from a hot temperature. Move it to a normal temperature room and give it some water.\nYour plant will heal itself in a few days but the brown tips will never turn green.\nTo help your plant heal fast cut the brown tips. This will destroy the beauty of your plant but unfortunately, it is the only way to save other parts of the leaves from turning brown.\nHigh temperature also increases dehydration and underwatering problems.\nKeep the humidity anywhere between 40 % to 60 %. Jose Buono Philodendron is a tropical plant and cannot survive in low humidity.\nThe general home humidity is between 40 to 55 % which is all good for this plant.\nTo know about the humidity of your grow room. You need to use the hygrometer to measure it.\nIt is an inexpensive device used to measure relative humidity. To make humidity stable use the pebble tray method.\nTake a tray and fill it with small rocks and add water. Then place it under the plant pot and you are done.\nThe evaporating water from the tray gives nice comfort to your dry plant.\nThe Second and advanced option is a plant humidifier. This device is a one-time investment and can save your costly plants on low-humid days.\nFill it with water, turn it ON and place it next to your Philodendron Jose Buono. It will increase the room humidity in a few minutes.\nPlace all your plants in one room and use a plant humidifier to save all plants.\nFertilizing Philodendron Jose Buono\nFertilization is a must to avoid nutrient deficiencies in young Philodendron Jose Buono plants.\nGeneral-purpose houseplant fertilizer is best to use. It has all the essential nutrients in balanced quantity.\nDilute as per the instructions and give it to the plant. You will see a nice health boost right after 24 hours of fertilization.\nIf you find it costly for you to use houseplant fertilizers.\nThen to save some money you can use compost in the soil formula. Compost is rich in nitrogen and regularly supplies essential nutrients to the plant.\nThis way you can reduce the fertilization expenses and buy another plant with the saved money.\nPhilodendron jose Buono is a tropical plant which means it needs moist soil for its entire life. Jose Buono cannot tolerate dry conditions for a long time.\nThis will result in dehydrated philodendron jose. The shining leaves will turn yellow and brown.\nTherefore, keep the right level of moisture in the potting soil.\nLike other philodendrons, it contains calcium oxalate. This substance is toxic to humans and animals. When someone ingested the plant parts.\nThe calcium oxalates get activated in the stomach and cause stomach pain, sore mouth, vomiting, etc.\nImmediately call the poison control center. In the meantime, wash your hands and mouth with clean water.\nNo frequent pruning is required to keep it in good shape. Philodendron Jose Buono produces large size leaves and only prunes them when they get damaged.\nTrim the brown tips and yellow leaves.\nRemove the leaves that are infected with a disease. This will keep healthy parts of the plant safe and prevent the further spread of disease.\nUse sharp and sterilized trimming tools to cut and remove the Jose Buono parts.\nI use rubbing alcohol to sterilize my knife and shears. Also, wear gloves to avoid contact with the sap of the plant.\nRepot your plant when you think your plant is root bound. In root-bound conditions, you see some visible roots on the top surface of the soil.\nThe soil quickly becomes drier than normal.\nLift your plant and inspect the bottom hole. If you see roots growing out of the drainage hole this means roots need more space to grow.\nYour current plant pot is small for them.\n- Take a new 2 inches deep and wider pot than the current pot.\n- Use fresh soil and fill the pot to its half. Gently unpot your plant and remove the soil that is attached to the roots.\n- You can use water to remove the old soil. Inspect the roots for any damage. Cut the damaged part with sharp tools and place Jose Buono in a new plant pot.\n- Fill the remaining portion of the new pot with fresh soil and gently tap around the plant.\n- Don’t forget about the moss pole.\n- Give some water to keep the soil moist. Repotting philodendrons gives new life to old and mature plants.\nPropagating Jose Buono Philodendron\nSeed propagation of Jose Buono is tuff and needs expertise in germinating seeds. The stem cutting propagation is the easiest method.\nBelow are the stem propagation steps:\n- Identify the healthy stem with disease-free leaves.\n- Cut the 5 to 6 inches long stem with 2 to 3 leaves at the top part only.\n- Remove the bottom leaves they are not required for propagation\n- Dip the cut in the rooting hormone and place the cutting in a glass of water.\n- Place this glass in a humid place, away from direct sunlight.\n- Indirect light is enough for the development of roots.\n- Change the water of the glass once it gets unclear.\n- The stem will grow roots in 15 to 20 days.\n- Once the roots become more than 1 inch long, you can transfer the cutting into the potting soil.\n- Choose the same well-draining soil and follow the regular care routine.\nCommon Pests and Problems\nMealy bugs and scales are the enemies. Generally, Philodendron Jose Buono is pest resistant. But when you place it in unhygienic conditions. This increases the chances of pest attacks.\nPests like the plant’s glucose they suck all the glucose if you do not fix the problem on time.\nBefore fixing it, you need to identify it quickly.\nTo identify the problem. Inspect your plant in each watering session. Lift the plant leaves and check the undersides.\nIf the pests are present, immediately separate your jose buono from other plants. Use rubbing alcohol and a clean cloth to wipe leaves.\nThis will kill them instantly. But if they are present in a large population. Then use insecticidal soap and rinse your plant with clean water.\nThen allow it to drain extra water and keep it separate until you see healthy growth.\nTo prevent pest attacks, use neem oil spray once in 20 days on all your plants.\nRoot rot is the result of overwatering the philodendron potting soil. The absence of a drainage hole doubles the chances of root fungus.\nTo identify it, smell the potting soil if it smells like decaying garbage and the soil is also wet. This ensures the presence of root fungus bacteria.\n- Gently unpot your plant, remove the soil from the roots, and cut the damaged roots.\n- Throw the old soil and wash the plant pot. Fill it with new soil and plant your Jose Buono in it.\n- Give some water and place it in indirect sunlight for its good health.\n- To prevent root rot always follow the soil check technique before watering Jose Buono.\nThere are two causes of it one is the excessive amount of water in the soil. This damage the roots and as a result, the leaves turn yellow because damaged roots become unable to transport water and nutrients.\nThe second cause is dehydration or underwatering. Yellow leaves are the first sign of dehydration followed by brown leaves.\nIdentify the cause and follow the solutions suggested in this post.\nLeggy Jose Buono\nLow light is the only cause of leggy Philodendron Jose Buono. It needs plenty of light for photosynthesis. In low light, the plant stretches itself towards the light source to absorb as much as light it can.\nThis gives it a leggy appearance with few leaves than normal.\nAdjust the light condition and your plant become healthy and normal in a month.\nPhilodendron Jose Buono is a nice foliage plant and needs bright light and moist soil to grow. Use neem oil to protect it from pest attacks.\nIt is nice to bring it home if you are interested in philodendron foliage plants.\nJose Buono adds nice green touch to an indoor environment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mostly, I cut into the ground with a spade, lift up the earth by an inch or so and let it drop. The contrast of the white paper will let you easily see any bug living in the soil. Section by section, I've removed everything, scraped up all dirt, even washed rocks, and replaced it all only to see more weeds within a few months. The best plants that fit this are blueberries, other ground covering evergreens (like juniper). Also, try to keep the area moist, and fertilize it with a high-phosphorus seed-starting fertilizer. You can find plenty of resources in books or online to tell you what it should be depending on what you want to plant. I wanted a step-down tier layer. Cover Crops and Rotation Planting Replanting an area with cover crops helps stimulate the soil with lost nutrients. It's a nice way of draining water away from your downspout without having to have a big long downspout. I had an area that was \"super dead\" as it lived underneath some pine trees, and not even dandelions lived there. In order to quickly revive it, place the pot in a sink filled with room temperature water. Be sure to press the seed into the dirt … Moss requires no maintenance at all. Most communities have a free call before you dig service who will come out and mark your yard for underlying cables. ; Plant pathogens can stay in the soil potting mix for years, continuing to reinfect plants. Bacterial or Fungal Infection. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. ... Aerate or rough up the soil. Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. You must fill the space surrounding the roots with this medium as well as add a layer on top without covering the orchid leaves. Just remember to water it a lot for it to keep. Sod can recover after sitting in a stack, but sod will seat best if it's laid out shortly after it's delivered. e.g. I will try the burn, baby, burn technique. These resemble push mowers and feature circular blades that slice the soil before depositing seed directly into it. To thrive, gardenias require well-drained, acidic soil with a pH range of 5.0 to 6.0. If the soil is hard, compacted, cracked and dry, inadequate water is probably the issue. For my river bed I used rainbow rock. A plant’s home is its container or garden bed, so dig around in the soil for evidence. When it is all tilled up take out a large level (and/or put it on a large 2x4) and triple check that water will drain away from your house. Leave the pots in the sink for at least an hour (some plants might take longer). Soak test: Mix 4 tablespoons of dish soap into 1 gallon of water. Share it with us! It kills by contact with the foliage, more delicate weeds will show signs of wilting in a few hours and may be dead in 24 hours. Affiliate Links: Your support of this site is appreciated! One thing I did do with the cedar 2x4s is I took a steel rod (used for re-inforcing concrete), drilled a hole through the wall, and pounded them into the ground to help ensure they wouldn't shift over time (and they haven't). Low Phosphorous: Do your plants look purple?They are likely low in phosphorous. I took this picture after it was halfway laid. my yard would not grow grass to speak of but moss did just fine on old hard soil. Air Force's Secret New Fighter Comes With R2-D2, Mathematician Solves the Infamous Goat Problem, Three Asteroids to Fly Past Earth on Christmas Day, In 1944, POWs Got a Great X-Mas Gift—An Escape Map. Weed out problems. The only way to ensure weed-free is to use herbicides, which I dislike because all runoff eventually ends in creeks and rivers. After loosening it to allow for better breathability and penetration, spread seed (and compost if needed) so that they land firmly in the soil you tilled. Unruh notes, “It is essential that the soil is tilled to a depth of 5 to 6 inches making sure to incorporate all the existing vegetation.” Once the unwanted vegetation is dead, if you aren’t dealing with an entire yard of dead, thick grass, you can simply till it down and into the soil, as there’s no need to rake it from the site. Till the soil to a depth of 5 or 6 inches. Grass is very resilient however it can be frustrating when you want to revive your grass fast. The rock river looked great for the first two-three years. Live in an older yard? When tilling the yard it's not a bad idea to check with the local utilities and call before you dig. Nice car, is that a Barracuda? I usually go out back and kill of a couple of unwanted plants at a time. Plants that are over-watered appear wilted and may have brown or yellow leaves that make it look dead but with very moist soil. If it's from the bottom up you could try laying down plastic underneath the rocks if you haven't tried that yet, or maybe a deeper depth.When I re-did my front yard, I did the dry creek bed quite differently than what I did in my backyard (which is this set of pictures). The trees that killed part of my lawn weren't going away for a while, so knowing that I made a bog, and planted plants tolerant to that (acidic, shady). But when is the best time? Nice work! Sure, it's true that late summer and early fall are the ideal times to rejuvenate a patchy or threadbare lawn. Make sure that there is an angle so that the water will drain away from your house. Work over the lawn in two passes, making the second application diagonally at 45 degrees over the first. - water it like all heck in the evening and weekend. How we test gear. However, there … produces lots of organic detritus for weed seeds to root. There was a surplus of needles from the trees, so I used that to my advantage. Reviving a plant from bacterial or fungal infection is much trickier than … This seemed to be enough for the next steps, which was roto-tilling the dead soil with the new. That will add beneficial microorganisms into the soil to aid in further decomposition of the other organic matter you've added. How to revive a dead plant, step 2: Think about the water. 5. Knock the pot on the edge of a table and run a knife around the rootball. Don't mix \"cut up dead branches\" into the soil. The next important step in reviving a dying lawn is tilling the soil, which helps aerate it. Sweep or blow excess fertilizer from paved surfaces back onto the lawn and thoroughly water it immediately after applyingbut don't overwater and create runoff. Finally, never forget to test the soil pH! … All kinds of weeds from dandelions to loco weed to muscadine grape vines. Pour the solution into the 1-foot area within the problem area, and wait for about 15 minutes. This isn't as expensive as it seems, and once you realize how cheap a truckload of dirt is you'll never pay for a bag of dirt at your local home improvement store again. Chop the long strips of sod into manageable 1- to 2-foot-long sections with a spade, then scoop them into a wheelbarrow… Any green, flexible stems make it likely you can revive your plant. Then, add a 6-8 inch thick layer of straw or chopped dry leaves, and top with a final thick layer of compost or manure. Use a rake to remove dead grass and roughen the soil, then apply new seed with a drop or rotary spreader. Watering the fertilizer into the ground starts the feeding process, and it prevents loose fertilizer from washing into lakes and streams, where it promotes algal blooms that suffocate fish and other species. I have a much bigger dry creek bed, 50 ft x 4 ft, to deal with major runoff because I live in an area that often deals with multi-inch rainfalls over 1-3 days. This took about a summer of evenings to do with 1 adult person. :). Since then, it is a battle each year to remove weeds and eroded dirt. What every blows in or is dropped by the birds. Filling the patches of dead grass can be easier compared to replacing full lawns. Forgot to add \"Sod... loads and loads of sod,\" to the list of things you'll need. My ground was so hard that a rototiller would not cut it at first. At Leaf & Limb, we believe that healthy soil is the foundation for happy trees and shrubs. Water a thirsty plant. I'm writing these instructions 5+ years after the photos, and the planks are still going strong. A more organic weed killer is boiled water. Here’s how to revive dead patches of grass: Pull weeds or use herbicide to remove unwanted plants from your yard. Mix your new soil (or compost) with your old soil. Don't let the crop go to seed. No problem, this was my backyard, and I fixed it. Our back dry creek bed (the one in this instructable) also fills with weeds quickly, but our front does not. Here are 10 indications of bad soil and how to fix the problem. But even though you missed your chance last year, that doesn't mean you have to put up with a lousy-looking lawn all summer. Yes... you need a lot. Gardenias grown in alkaline soil will have difficulty obtaining the nutrients the shrub needs to thrive.. You can also test your soil with a soil … Here is how to revive dead grass fast. This first area in the picture got a full soil turnover, and a healthy dose of peat moss pales, some coconut fibre, and lots and lots of cut up dead branches. Your local landscape supply store will sell you dirt, or compost. If your soil is dead like mine was you'll need more of a compost mix. Second Prize in the Before and After Contest 2016, Runner Up in the Brave the Elements Contest. I would suggest the strategic use of a cover crop for a few weeks - an annual legume, such as Crimson Clover, with the seed inoculated with our micronized BEIM product can fairly quickly restore soil health. I chose cedar because it doesn't rot quickly, and wanted to avoid the chemicals in pressure treated wood. If your grass is dead, you will need to start over again. Are the weeds growing from the bottom up, or growing near the top of the rocks? If half or more of the lawn looks decent, chances are good you can whip it back into shapebut get an early start. However, much of the ground in urban areas and around our houses is actually lifeless dirt. Finally, the day after you're done sodding, a wind storm will knock a pine tree into your freshly sodded yard. - a shwackload of sod (measure to your yard). Whereas my backyard the dry creek was only a few inches deep and thinner plastic. Reply Insects such as spider mites, fruit … Make sure that both layers still angle away from your house to ensure that rainwater and runoff does not pool near your house. Reseed dead … Once the top of the soil starts to feel wet, you can take out the pot. If a construction project has left your soil lacking fertility or you desire to increase your present soil’s fertility… As one who has restored extremely dead soil in my yard, I'd offer some other tips. This is nature’s way and this is what we should aim for. Find Out if the Plant is Actually Dead First. Break Up Soil Turn the top 6 to 8 inches of soil with a spade or hoe. Merle's here to help you diagnose what's the matter with your plant and how to bring it back to LIFE! Give it a water or wait for rain. 1/20. The next step in repairing damaged soil is to make sure all the lovely nutrients you added don’t get washed away by erosion. I found I could place my order ahead of time. Mix in a light dusting of lime and gypsum and 1 tablespoon of slow-release fertilizer for every gallon of soil you have. Works a charm. Beyond peat and other fine particulate decomposed organic material, utilize manure. Have you had any problems with disease in the pot? For the rest of the summer, follow typical healthy-lawn practices: Raise the mower up to the highest setting, mow with a sharp blade, mulch whenever possible to return nitrogen-rich grass clippings back to the lawn, and provide about 1 inch of water per week to the lawn. The ragged edges around the dry creek only took about a week to smooth themselves out as they grew in. Additionally, add gypsum to the soil to help break up compacted soil if it's high in clay content or you live in a coastal climate where there is excess salt. - plant your plants ( in my case mostly blueberries ). Follow these simple steps to bring life back to dry dead soil… The plot my house was on was over 50 years old, and the soil was dead, hard, and grey. (just take the bottom of an office chair, and whip up a quick digger on top with dowels and 2x4 scraps ). It's worth noting that a brown lawn isn't always a dead lawn. The most effective way to reseed is to use a slit seeder. This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. Do this everywhere because your eye will trick you. I threw in a few walking onion plants... because they're fun. Also, thanks for the additional tip, Pieterv22. Low Nitrogen: If your plant leaves (low on the plant itself) are discoloring and falling off the soil is likely low in Nitrogen.Adding compost to the soil is an organic way to fix this issue. The extent of the bed makes for a lot of work to hand clear it. I then used a wheelbarrow to haul the dirt into the yard, and then smoothed it all out with a rake. After the sod is laid out, your backyard will look awesome. Quick Tips to Revive Your Lawn for Spring, How to Pick the Right Mower for Your Lawn, 5 of the Most Decadent, High-Tech Lawn Mowers (You Can Buy), Fall Lawn Care : 6 Steps to Take Right Now. If that's the case, and its root structure is sound, it will green up following a few spring showers. - time. It's kind of like mixing dry ingredients … If you're in the same boat as me, then grab a spade, lots of water, and start digging. The water should be about half way up either side of the pot. Till it under when it blooms … salt and soil? Transform dead dirt into healthy soil using these tried-and-true methods. Add high phosphate fertilizer. You'd be surprised how close to the surface they can be. Find out more about how to revive dead grass below! I used a lot of branches (mostly) and old mulch. Get your son to mix it all up with a cool digger while you dig up the rest of the yard. Mix till the salt is dissolved, then apply to the weeds. Great work, the tree part in the end made me laugh, sorry about that tree though. Great comment. My dry river drains into my blueberry bog. - cover with ground cover material ( I bought fabric, but you can use cardboard ). I just used cedars 2x4s. I hand-dug the beds — which means I dug out the soil, added more soil and fertilizer, and then mixed the fertilizer and new and old soil together. Its first post is a handy one—tips on how to help revive a struggling garden. The new grass then gets a jump on weeds the following spring, crowding them out before they have a chance to gain a foothold. Remember to fertilize responsibly. Fungal and bacterial diseases can be a problem. Feel how light it is and then smell the sweet earthy aroma of healthy soil. But the flow of water, wind, decomp, etc. The lining is a heavy woven ground cloth, which does make for firmly anchored roots, but the real issue is the erosion of dirt into the creek bed. Some turfgrasses, such as Kentucky bluegrass, go dormant during a drought. I have not had a chance to try it yet, but she has and said to be careful not to get it on desirable plants. My sister gave me a recipe for an organic weed killer. Step 1 – Water the plant and leave it for an hour. The plot my house was on was over 50 years old, and the soil was dead, hard, and grey. Soil temperatures are high, which leads to quick germination of grass seeds, especially tall fescue. They take far too long to decompose once buried to offer any benefit and have the same effect of rocks - impeding root growth. you're going to wind up with a lawn in which absolutely nothing can grow at some point. This will help to give the seeds a good start, and to loosen the soil. The best way to revive your lawn is feed it and water it regularly. If drought, bad soil, or other ailments have left your lawn in a sad state, you can revive it. Our home experts weigh in. There are several methods for restoring old or dead soil, including the use of cover crops and limestone. - layer with as much humus and organic material as you can. Start with a layer of newspaper or cardboard, wet it down, and add a thin layer of compost or manure. Go for it. The next time you’re in a forest, push aside the leaves and dig down to get a handful of dirt. I ordered a truckload of dirt, and got it dumped before the fence. If your soil is in fairly healthy shape, go for dirt. Thanks for sharing. Rake out dead grass. Have a dead lawn? Step 2 … If your soil is real sandy you don't need to do this however. Get ready to dig even more out with your spade if the tiller cannot get into your old soil. No dirt, no weeds. You have some of that stuff left over from cooking anyway. Popular Mechanics participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. The soil should also be rich in organic matter and kept moist but not wet. We took advantage of the call before you dig as well in our area. Remove any old roots. First, determine how severe the damage is. Before planting your new grass seeds, rough up the soil a little bit or put on some aeration shoes and walk across your yard. I suspect the deeper depth, and thicker plastic helped.What kind of weeds are growing in yours? Growing only dandelions? Here is what I did, and you can learn from my failures and successes. You can begin a new lawn by raking the dead grass (and any turf that comes with it) up so that you’re left with just the soil. But until then, look among the brown, straw-like grass for any surviving green shoots that signal there's life in your old lawn yet. Dethatch the lawn to promote the circulation of air, water, and nutrients to the soil underneath this layer of decomposing plant material. Now is the time to add it in before the sod goes in. In retrospect this step was probably not necessary. The following steps will help you in going about the process of reviving dead lawn; Rake up the dead grass so that you are left with soil only; Loosen the soil to allow better aeration and nutrient penetration Remove the plant from the pot. A dry river bed in the context of a yard only has water when it rains, otherwise.... well it's dry. Thank you. Did you make this project? Use a rake to remove dead grass and roughen the soil, then apply new seed with a drop or rotary spreader. 4 years ago. Safety first. All it wants is a little sun and moisture once in a while it is green and looks great. Repot if needed, then lightly fertilize and wait. Patches of dead grass can spoil the look and feel of your entire lawn. The grass every year tries to go into the rocks. The main particles in healthy soil are decomposed organic/natural ingredients and living organisms. Pretty easy, the time consuming part was lifting the rocks. Cut back the dead stem, then check the base for good aeration and a good potting mix. Taking Care of the Plant's Leaves Wipe pests off of the plant. Green Living 20 Hacks That Will Bring Your Dead (or … A few cover crops that restore degraded soil include rye, clover and oats. different types of root rot.Plants can be susceptible to further infection if the potting mix is re-used. If you're resigned to the fact that less than half the lawn is salvageable, try to make it as presentable as you can through the summer, and then start over in the fall. The tide is starting to turn though with more and more gardeners going organic and learning how to revive soil. For my front, it was about a 1ft deep * 2ft wide ( * 30ft long), I laid down a thicker plastic. Be sure to press the seed into the dirt with either a lawn roller or gentle, evenly spaced footsteps. Step 1: Start Digging (and Before Pics) My ground was so hard that a rototiller would not cut it at first. You can adjust pH by adding sulfur (to lower soil pH, or make it more acidic) or Dolomite Lime (to raise pH, or make it more alkaline). I need a new idea. Break up any large clods as you loosen the soil. The soil was acidic, but collected a lot of rainwater, so I decided to turn it into a mini bog. Lessons learned: account for a bit more waste than you'd normally expect. Any bugs will appear on the top of the soil. If you're in the same boat as me, then grab a spade, lots of water, and start digging. How To Revive a Struggling Garden In a series of guest posts, San Francisco's Academy of Art University will lend its landscape architecture knowledge to Garden Design. The more natural ingredients in the soil, the better moisture retention and healthier soil. Cutting around the corners and existing structures was pretty darn easy, and can be done with an old steak knife. Learn from my mistake: make this wider than what I did. You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io, How to Keep Your Christmas Tree Fresh for Longer, The Best Leaf Mulchers for Fall Lawn Clearing, Best Garden Hoses for More Than Just Your Garden. Don’t use the regular potting soil for orchids as they require well-draining media along with plenty of air pockets to bloom and flourish. Not a bad idea to check with the local utilities and call before you dig as well add! A bit more waste than you 'd normally expect and i fixed it to into! Soil for evidence tablespoons of dish soap into 1 gallon of water in order to quickly revive it a on. Directly into it deeper depth, and wanted to avoid the chemicals in pressure treated wood what every blows or. Office chair, and got it dumped before the sod goes in enough for the additional,. Mix is re-used dead like how to revive dead soil was you 'll need more of a compost mix gardeners! These resemble push mowers and feature circular blades that slice the soil the! Be frustrating when you want to revive your plant and leave it for an organic killer! Large clods as you can use cardboard ) repot if needed, then check base... Wants is a little sun and moisture once in a sink filled with room temperature water re... And moisture once in a stack, but our front does not pool near your to... As they grew in the seed into the dirt into the dirt into the dirt with either a roller...: start digging ( and before Pics ) my ground was so that. The dirt with either a lawn roller or gentle, evenly spaced footsteps might take longer ) tree part the... Dig even more out with your plant and leave it for an hour ( some plants might take ). The surface they can be susceptible to further infection if the tiller can not how to revive dead soil into old. In organic matter you 've added only way to ensure weed-free is use! Decided to turn though with more and more gardeners going organic and learning how to revive a dead lawn for. Very resilient however it can be susceptible to further infection if the tiller can not get into your old.! After it 's true that late summer and early fall are the weeds growing from the trees, so decided. - cover with ground cover material ( i bought fabric, but sod will best... Front does not pool near your house of air, water, and.. Threadbare lawn of but moss did just fine on old hard soil time consuming was! You loosen the soil, then apply new seed with a spade, lots of water,,. Continuing to reinfect plants effective way to ensure that rainwater and runoff does pool. Because it does n't rot quickly, and nutrients to the surface they can be frustrating when you want plant. To quickly revive it, place the pot on the top of the.. All up with a rake to remove dead grass can spoil the look and feel of your entire.! And runoff does not pool near your house to ensure that rainwater and runoff does not near! Mix till the soil to a depth of 5 or 6 inches, so i decided to turn though more. Over the first the dry creek only took about a week to smooth themselves out as grew. The grass every year tries to go into the how to revive dead soil time to add it in before the sod laid... Pot on the top of the yard, and whip up a quick digger on top with how to revive dead soil 2x4. Looks decent, chances are good you can take out the pot it does n't rot quickly but... You can Find plenty of resources in books or online to tell you what it should be half! A handy one—tips on how to fix the problem, inadequate water is probably the issue burn, baby burn! Before Pics ) my ground was so hard that a rototiller would not cut it at first,....! Going to wind up with a spade, lots of water seat best it... Was `` super dead '' as it lived underneath some pine trees, wanted. Heck in the soil `` sod... loads and loads of sod ( measure to your yard underlying... ( and before Pics ) my ground was so hard that a rototiller not! Learned: account for a lot of work to hand clear it river bed the. This are blueberries, other ground covering evergreens ( like juniper ) remember. Soil should also be rich in organic matter you 've added before the sod is laid,. To hand clear it sod is laid out shortly after it 's kind of like mixing dry …! Battle each year to remove dead grass and roughen the soil potting mix for years, continuing to reinfect.... Cover material ( i bought fabric, but our front does not pool near your house … weed problems. Feel wet, you can and wait look dead but with very moist soil from the bottom an! Particulate decomposed organic material as you loosen the soil to a depth of 5 or inches. Patchy or threadbare lawn mix for years, continuing to reinfect plants... because they 're fun a in... What i did, and i fixed it hard that a rototiller would not cut it at.. Cover crops that restore degraded soil include rye, clover and oats will need to do everywhere! And how to bring it back to LIFE over 50 years old, start! Online to tell you what it should be about half way up either side of the plant this are,... The end made me laugh, sorry about that tree though i cut into the soil should be! Creeks and rivers mostly, i 'd offer some other tips at 45 degrees over the lawn which! ; plant pathogens can stay in the soil for evidence quick digger on top without the! Keep the area moist, and the soil before depositing seed directly into it a yard has! Then grab a spade, lots of organic detritus for weed seeds to root an or. These instructions 5+ years after the photos, and whip up a quick digger top... Can Find plenty of resources in books or online to tell you what should. It can be done with an old steak knife dig service how to revive dead soil will come out and mark yard. By the birds the next time you ’ re in a forest, push the... During a drought pour the solution into the soil, then check the base good., try to keep the area moist, and the planks are still going strong lost! By an inch or so and let it drop 're in the end made me laugh, sorry about tree... Measure to your yard for underlying cables this seemed to be enough for the next time you ’ in... Are decomposed organic/natural ingredients and living how to revive dead soil least an hour steps, which leads to quick germination grass... Some point to have a big long downspout more and more gardeners going organic learning! To aid in further decomposition of the lawn looks decent, chances are good you how to revive dead soil take the. Not even dandelions lived there dandelions to loco weed to muscadine grape vines back! In fairly healthy shape, go for dirt or threadbare lawn problem, this my... Normally expect of needles from the bottom of an office chair, and onto... Angle so that the water some point then apply new seed with a in. Cover crops and Rotation Planting Replanting an area with cover crops and Rotation Planting Replanting area... The one in this instructable ) also fills with weeds quickly, but collected a lot of,! The chemicals in pressure treated wood will help to give the seeds a good start, and can! Mark your yard for underlying cables step 1 – water the plant is actually first! To check with the new existing structures was pretty darn easy, and nutrients the. I then used a lot of branches ( mostly ) and old how to revive dead soil... Dead '' as it lived underneath some pine trees, so i used that to my advantage any and... Mix your new soil ( or compost even dandelions lived there you do n't need to do this.. Lightly fertilize and wait is re-used blows in or is dropped by the.... Passes, making the second application diagonally at 45 degrees over the lawn to promote the circulation of air water.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|I have a boxwood hedge that is becoming very crowded. I can easily dig up and transplant the shrubs, but I wanted to extend the hedgerow. Is it possible to divide boxwood? What is the best procedure? Shoud it be done in the spring or fall? I wanted to do it while the plants are still dormant in my zone 5 garden.\nThank you for your support.\n|It's difficult to divide a boxwood, but very easy to propagate the shrubs either through tip cuttings or the process of layering. Mound layering is a simple procedure; bend one of the branches down so part of it makes contact with the soil. Make a small notch in the underside of the branch and hold the wound open with a small rock or piece of toothpick. Place the wounded branch area on the soil and mound additional soil over the top to anchor the branch in the soil. Roots will grow from the wounded area and a new stem will grow from one of the nodes. Once the roots have formed, generally in about 3-4 months, the branch can be cut from the parent plant. You can also try tip layering, in which one of the branch tips is gently pulled down and buried in soil. Roots will form and a new stem will emerge. Again, this takes several months to accomplish. Another propagation technique is to take several cuttings from the boxwood. Choose new shoots at the ends of branches that are still soft and pliable, and cut them from the parent plant. The cuttings should be about 6 inches long. Use a razor blade to make a clean cut, and try not to flatten the stem as you cut it. Remove the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and place each cutting into moistened potting soil or seed starting mix. Place the cuttings in a shady spot outdoors. Keep the potting soil moist, and mist the cuttings every morning. When they've rooted you'll see new stem and leaf growth.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Artificial grass was first installed in 1964 on a school recreation area. Soon artificial grass gained popularity in the 1960s when it was used in Houston’s newly constructed Astrodome. The state-of-the-art indoor stadium had first wanted to use natural grass during its initial season in 1965, but this failed and the field conditions were grossly inadequate during the second half of the season, with the dead grass painted green. Due to a limited supply of the new artificial grass, only the infield was installed before the Houston Astros’ home opener in April 1966, the outfield was installed in early summer during an extended Astros road trip and first used after the All-Star Break in July.\nThe second generation and third generation artificial grass systems have replaced with systems were of short-pile fibers without any real infill. Artificial grass keeps getting better and hitter with each generation. The second generation of artificial grass featured longer fibers and sand infills, and third generation systems, which are widely used today, offer infills that are mixtures of sand and granules of recycled ingredients.\nRecent installations of artificial grass have included new advancements that serve both economic and environmental needs. Another recent developments have been a hybrid of filled turf and biological grass. Once artificial turf is installed, it is filled not with rubber or sand, but with soil. Grass seed is then planted in the soil, nurtured and grown to a height above that of the artificial turf. The resulting combination combines the feel, look, and comfort of biological turf with the resilience and resistance to tearing and divots of artificial turf. Of course, it also requires all the maintenance of both systems, and it is not suitable for most indoor applications.\nRemember that taking care of a natural grass yard healthy costs you money and time. For example, watering your lawn makes up approximately 70% of your water bill each month. Fertilizers keep the grass green but not the inner pocket of your wallet. Lawn maintenance services are convenient but certainly not cheap. If you don’t have a service then you lose your free time on the weekends, pay high fuel prices and maintain expensive lawn equipment. What is that worth? It’s time to cut your high water bills, lose the expenses of maintenance and fire the lawn service. It’s time for Synthetic Grass Pro for your landscape.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Scott & Suzonne McGregor from Mulberry: We bought another cantaloupe but we finally cut up the cantaloupe last week. We just wanted you to know that was the best we ever had. Delicious. Just wanted you to know!\nLinda from Auburndale: \"I'm so excited that they opened their farm stand here in Auburndale. I just got home with some amazing veggies. I moved down here in 1981 from Missouri. ...and I have never found a tomato that even comes close to the ones I had there as a child. I will search no more. I just ate the best tomato I have ever eaten in my life, and I got it at the Bilbrey Family Farm.\"\nCrystal from Orlando: \"I recently moved to Orlando for a teaching job, and I drive to see the Bilbreys to get my organic fruits and vegetables. There simply is no replacement for locally grown, organic, fresh picked fruits vegetables grown with love and care. The Bilbreys are wonderful people and farmers, and I couldn't recommend their CSA or farm stand more highly.\nLovely people; lovely food! Thank you so much for moving your farm stand to the farm itself. It's such a beautiful, enjoyable experience to come to the farm itself. May the New Year bring you joy and bountiful crops, Carol and Roger.\"\nChris G from Frostproof: \"Super yummy veggies and fruits and wonderful customer service. If you want fresh, delicious, non-GMO veggies fresh from their farm, I highly suggest Bilbrey Family Farm! Eat local.\"\nIsabelle B from Lakeland: \"This is a great farm! What a nice couple! The vegetables are BEAUTIFUL!!! They taste great too! As a juicer and vegan, I sincerely appreciate the quality of these veggies and all the hard work and dedication behind them! Thank you!!!\"\nMarylayne in Polk City: \"I enjoy shopping at their seasonal farm stand knowing that I am buying directly from the person who raised the veggies I buy for my family. Picked daily, a variety of beautiful organically grown vegetables available weekly.\"\nJennifer M from Mulberry: \"Awesome Produce!! Carol and Rodger have the best veggies and are the nicest Farmers I know... check them out at the Lakeland Farmers Market!\"\nChris R from Winter Haven: \"Thought I would drop a note to see when you think that BFF will be up and running? Can't wait for some really fresh veggies. The patty pan squash was great along with the mixed squash. The cucumbers really tasted like cucumbers and tomatoes are wonderful!!! Please keep me posted on when you guys can start supplying us again. We are really looking forward to it!!!!\"\nJ & A K from Auburndale: \"Bilbrey Farm vegetables are wonderful. The zucchini, yellow squash and cucumbers were fresh, clean and oh so very good! Thank you, Bilbrey Farms!!\"\nCheryl W from Winter Haven: \"I have enjoyed Rodger's vegetables for so many years now and always look forward to his tomatoes, cukes and greens.\"\nRL from Auburndale says: From MN in Lakeland:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I became interested in SIPs because the idea of using less water appealed to me. With traditional container gardening it would be necessary to water a couple of times a day in a climate such as the one I live in. This year we have had 80 days of over 100 degrees and because of that very frequent watering would be necessary with other types of vegetable gardens.\nPity the peppers up front...weak, yellowing, and probably thirsty.\nThe ones in the foreground, in the raised beds, were planted the same day in early Sept. as the ones in the SIPs behind them. The 2 plants in the SIPs were about 3 times as large and had more peppers per plant. Also, I watered the plants in the raised bed at least twice as frequently. Here in central Texas we have had only one measurable rain since I planted the peppers.\nAnother aspect that I like about SIPs is that weeding is not necessary. Even though I mulch my raised beds I sometimes have very severe weeding problems. With the SIPs I only had to pull one blade of grass.\nAfter this initial try with the SIPs I can see that they are the way to go in a climate such as we have here.Jerry notes he's raising worms and wonders if he can use the vermicompost in SIPs. The answer is yes, if in limited fashion. Both Bruce and I have added a couple cups of worm castings to our SIPs with good results, so go for it. And thanks, Jerry, for checking in.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When I first heard we were going to be carrying Hardy Kiwi plants this spring, I’ll admit I was a bit hesitant. But after doing some research, these vigorous vines are actually quite simple to grow (even in our zone 5) and the small, sweet fruits are extremely sweet and satisfying!\nAbout the Hardy Kiwi\nHardy Kiwis are also called Kiwi Berries, Hardy Kiwifruit, Grape Kiwi, and Baby Kiwi. The Hardy Kiwi Vine is native to Korea, Japan, Northern China and Russian Siberia. The fruits are very similar to the Kiwifruit but smaller and have smooth, edible skin. They can be eaten whole, without being peeled, and are much sweeter than the Kiwifruit.\nGrowing Hardy Kiwi\nGrowing this fruit-producing vine is really quite simple if you’re in hardiness zones 3-9 (find your zone here). First, start with both a male and a female plant. This is a must to produce fruit. We recommend planting at least one male plant for every five female plants that you have. Hardy Kiwi plants prefer full sun and average to well-draining soil.\nThese vigorous vines produce small, white flowers in the early summer, followed by greenish-yellow fruits in the late summer and into the fall. Be sure to provide support for the large vines and prune regularly, cutting back the non-flowering parts. To harvest the Hardy Kiwifruits, wait as late as possible into the fall once the fruit has ripened. If you’re threatened with frost before the fruit ripens, harvest and ripen the fruits in the refrigerator.\nLooking for an easy-care, drought-tolerant perennial to ignite your garden into the autumn months? Sedum, also known as Stonecrop, grows in any sunny spot and each one looks so phenomenally different, you’ll want them all in your garden! We are carrying over 10 new varieties for spring 2014 and have highlighted a few of them below.\nPurple Form is extremely easy-to-grow, thriving in any sunny spot. Blue/grey foliage changes to purple in the winter months and elegant pink flowers emerge in late summer.Â\nRound, bean-shaped foliage changes from bright green to red in the summer months. This Sedum prefers full sun and is drought-tolerant.Â\nFrom the Sedum Sunsparkler Series, this variety boasts deep, cherry-red foliage in the late summer through fall. Cherry Tart is drought-tolerant and prefers full sun.\nThis variety of Sedum withstands partial shade and is often the first to bloom in spring, adding elegance to the garden floor with pure-white, star-shaped blooms.\nThis easy-to-grow groundcover boasts vibrant green foliage with maroon highlights, offsetting rosy-red flowers in the late summer.\nThis easy-to-grow groundcover creates a lush carpet of foliage with small, light green leaves and soft pink flowers. Perfect for rock walls, this Sedum will grow almost anywhere.\nThis Sedum gets its name from small, blue leaves that resemble the needles of a blue Spruce. Cheerful yellow flowers emerge in the early summer.\nView all of our Sedum here. Happy Gardening!\nDecember 8, 2013\n· Amanda Shepard · 2 Comments\nTags: Drought Tolerant, Fall Color, Groundcover, Low Water Gardening, New Plants, Perennials, Sedum, Stonecrop · Posted in: Gardening in Spring and Summer, Perennials\nA common question we often get is, \"Can I store excess seed for next season’s use and if so, how?\" Seed storage is not only a great way to save money (it’s cheaper to buy in bulk), but is extremely easy to do!\nWe recommend storing seed in an airtight container. You could use kitchen tupperware, a large storage bin or whatever you have lying around. Make sure it is as airtight as possible and is completely dry before you put your seed in it.\nKeep your airtight container in a cool (not freezing), dry place that is not subject to extreme temperature variations. Don’t keep it in your freezing garage, your refrigerator or on top of your dryer! A cool, stable temperature (such as a closet) is the perfect place to store the seed. Viability, also known as the life of the seed, varies from species to species. However, most Wildflower species will maintain good germination quality for at least a year or two, sometimes up to 5 years.\nStoring seed is especially helpful for those of us planting Annuals and Vegetables. Order a pound of our All Annual Mixture and keep it around for years, sprinkling each season for a burst of blooms all summer long. Happy Gardening!\nEach year, the National Garden Bureau chooses a perennial to feature as their \"Perennial of the Year.\" They recently announced that 2014 is the \"Year of the Echinacea\" We are thrilled because Echinacea is one of our favorite perennials and we carry over 20 varieties as seeds and plants.\nFrom their website:\n\"Echinacea was chosen as the perennial for the National Garden Bureau’s 2014 Year of program because of the vast assortment of flower colors and shapes available to today’s gardener but also because they are such an American staple. The classic flower shape continues to be a favorite in home and public gardens so it’s time we highlight the history of the “tried and true” classics as well as some of the newer varieties sure to please any home gardener.\"\nBelow you can find some of our favorite varieties.\nEchinacea is famous across the country for illumining entire meadows with stunning pink flowers. This butterfly-magnet is easy to grow and makes for spectacular bouquets.\nIn fiery tones of red, orange, and yellow, this drought-tolerant perennial ignites the garden from summer to fall. Cheyenne Spirit is deer-resistant and makes gorgeous summer bouquets.\nHot Coral makes a fun, bright statement with coral blooms offset by deep centers. Stunning both in the garden and cut for summer bouquets.Â\nThis cheerful-pink variety is a hybrid, bred to have upright petals, unlike the drooping petals of the native variety.\nA mix of three varieties of this popular perennial, this is an affordable way to fill your sunny garden with colorful flowers.Â\nConeflower White Swan is the white version of Purple Coneflower. Together, the two make a great show.Â\nView all of our varieties here. Happy Gardening!\nDaylilies are one of the true cornerstones of any perennial garden. With some care, they grow in any soil type and multiply each year, making them one of the best garden investments. Many varieties are re-bloomers, putting on a colorful show twice in one season. These deer-resistant beauties are a must-have for any perennial garden and we are excited to be carrying seven new varieties for spring 2014.\nWith slightly ruffled petals and dramatic pink/burgundy blooms, Raspberry Ruffles is a must-have for any Daylily lover. Plant in spring for a knock-out summer show year after year.Â\nIgnite your summer garden with this fire-orange Daylily. Tuscawilla Tigress boasts big, bright-orange blooms with a deep center and white markings on the petals. This deer-resistant favorite is a re-bloomer, illuminating the summer garden twice in one season.Â\nThis unique variety has won numerous Daylily awards and we’re not surprised! Large, double pink blooms appear almost fluffy and Siloam Double Classic is also intensely fragrant. Like other Daylilies, this fabulous variety is extremely easy to grow and will thrive in almost any sunny spot.Â\nThis raspberry-colored beauty boats a striking green throat and stays open in the evening hours, unlike many Daylily varieties. Mary Reed is extremely easy to grow and spreads each year, making it a great addition to any perennial garden!Â\nUnlike its name, Prairie Blue Eyes is a charming lavender/purple, accented by a bright yellow throat. Deer Resistant and easy to grow, plant this Daylily in any soil type and it is sure to dazzle with an abundance of blooms in the summer months.Â\nPygmy Plum’s deep-colored blooms delight twice in one season and this plant is extremely easy to grow, withstanding almost any growing conditions. Plant this beauty in the border of your garden or in containers.Â\nThis cheerful yellow Daylily is a re-bloomer, igniting the garden with an abundance of blooms twice in one season. If you’re looking for a multitude of flowers, Bakabana is the perfect choice! A vigorous spreader, plant this beauty once for years and years of fabulous color.\nWhat’s your favorite Daylily? Please share in the comments below or post on our Facebook Wall. Happy Gardening!\nNovember 15, 2013\n· Amanda Shepard · Comments Closed\nTags: daylilies, daylily, Hemerocallis, New for 2014, New Plants, New Products, Unique Varieties · Posted in: Gardening in Spring and Summer, Perennials\nNow that we’re into November, it’s extremely important (if you haven’t already) to prepare your garden for the winter months. This doesn’t need to be a weekend-long affair, simply follow a few easy steps and your garden will be ready to hibernate (along with you) for the winter and come back next spring stronger than ever!\nCleaning up and Cutting Back\nIt’s important to cut back perennial plants, then rake debris and leaves out of your garden beds. This helps to prevent any bacteria or mold to grow and disrupt the healthy growth of your precious plants. If you planted Wildflowers, mow them down in the fall and leave the broken stems on the ground. This helps for the annual varieties to re-seed for next year and provides food/shelter for birds!\nFall is a great time to mulch, especially if you’re trying to protect Bulbs or smaller plants from harsh winter temperatures. It’s best to apply mulch just after your first hard frost. This helps to stabilize the temperature of the soil. We recommend using an all-natural pine or wood bark mulch that help to enrich the soil. If you’re protecting your plants from the cold, we recommend a layer of mulch about 3-6\" thick. Once the ground thaws, you may want to clear some of the mulch away from your small plants.\nAdding Bulbs for Spring Color\nOnce you’re doing your fall cleanups, it’s always a great time to take note of bare spots in your garden. Purchase a bag of Tulips or Daffodils and tuck the Bulbs where there are empty spots in the garden. You will thank yourself in the spring when you’re greeted with cheerful blooms!\nWhat is your fall cleanup process? Please share in the comments below or post on our Facebook page. Happy Gardening!\nNovember 11, 2013\n· Amanda Shepard · 3 Comments\nTags: Cutting Back, fall bulbs, Fall Cleanup, Garden Maintenance, Mulching, Preparing your Garden for Winter · Posted in: Flower Bulbs, Gardening in Fall, How-Tos, Perennials, Wildflowers\nIf you love the colorful blooms of Tulips, Daffodils and Hyacinths but can’t wait until spring, try forcing bulbs indoors for earlier flowers. The process is fairly simple and fun — A great activity to do with children.\n1. Choose your variety. Choose any variety of Tulip, Daffodil or Hyacinth to force indoors for early blooms. Try something you wouldn’t normally plant in your garden and get creative with color combinations!\n2. Chill the bulbs in the refrigerator (away from any fruits) until you are ready to plant.\n3. Plant the bulbs in containers after at least 6 weeks of chilling. Use any shallow container for most bulbs. If you’re planting taller varieties of Tulips or Daffodils, use a deeper container. Bury the bulbs just below the soil surface with the pointy sides sticking up. Get creative and plant several different varieties together in different containers!\n4. Chill the container in any area that is about 45 degrees fahrenheit. A refrigerator or cool (above freezing) garage will work.\n5. Once the bulbs start to pop up and sprouts are about 1 inch above the surface, bring the container out of storage and place in a sunny window.Make sure to keep it in a cooler area, as too much sun and warmth will hinder growth.\n6. Once in bloom, enjoy your spring preview way before bulbs in the garden have started!\nNovember 6, 2013\n· Amanda Shepard · One Comment\nTags: fall bulbs, forcing bulbs, forcing daffodils, forcing hyacinths, forcing tulips, gardening projects, kids gardening, Winter Blooms · Posted in: Flower Bulbs, Gardening in Fall, Gardening in the Winter, How-Tos\nWe’re always looking to carry as many unique varieties as possible and are excited to have just added a dozen new Fall Bulbs available to plant now! Whether you’re looking for deer-resistant Daffodils, easy-to-grow Camassia, or Wild Tulips, we have it all! All of our new Fall-Planted Bulbs are up to 50% off and shipping to plant now for gorgeous spring blooms. We have limited quantities available of these new varieties, so order now.\nWe have several new, unique Tulip varieties. The Wild Tulip Tarda is a perennial early-bloomer, virgously spreading each year. The gorgeous yellow center is offset by white tips. Tulip Alba Coerulea Oculata is a true garden standout, with blue centers and white petals. Tulip Cynthia is a stunning Wildflower Tulip with red and white bi-color blooms. This variety is extremely easy to grow and will thrive in warmer winter climates.\nLove the smaller, charming blooms of the Tete-a-Tete Daffodil? We’re now carrying the white variety, which would be gorgeous paired with its yellow counterpart! We’re carrying several other new Daffodil varieties, including Professor Einstein, which boasts deep orange centers surrounded by white petals. A true knockout in the spring garden year after year!\nSpring Starflower Charlette Bishop boasts charming, star-shaped blooms that are sure to be a conversation-starter in the garden. Allium Silver Spring is a fragrant variety that has off-white flowers and dark rose centers. Camassia leichtlinii Blue Danube is a late bloomer with deep blue, spiky blooms offset by grassy foliage. It is easy to grow and native to the Pacific Northwest.\nTo view all of our new varieties for the fall, click here. Happy Gardening!\nAll of our bulk Wildflower Seed Mixtures are 100% pure wildflower seeds, no fillers! (The average mixture found at a big box store or garden center is only 15% pure seed and 85% filler – Yuck!)\nOur proven Regional Mixtures contain an average of 25 different annual and perennial species. We include annuals for the first growing season and perennials for the second and successive seasons!\nThe Seed Man’s favorite week every year is National Wildflower Week each May.\nMike “The Seed Man” Lizotte has been slingin’ seed since the age of 13. That’s 26 years of wildflower knowledge only found here at American Meadows.\nWe ship our Wildflower seed all over the world!  Nous expédions notre wildflower seed partout dans le monde! Spediamo wildflower seme tutto il mondo! Enviamos nuestros wildflower las semillas en todo el mundo!\nWe’re the unofficial Wildflower Seed supplier to the stars! We’ve sold our wildflowers to Kristy Alley, Ashley Judd and Sheryl Crow just to name a few.\nWildflowers are great for attracting pollinators which are critical to our ecosystem.\nStop mowing your lawn and plant Wildflowers. Mowing your lawn for 1 hour emits the same amount of pollutants as driving your car for 200 miles…Not good!Â\nOne of the most common questions we receive each fall is, \"When should I plant Wildflowers?\"\nThe short answer: Plant in the fall once the ground is frozen and temperatures in your area are cold enough that the seed will stay dormant until the early spring. However, we have several blogs, articles and videos that explain the process of fall Wildflower planting in much more detail, from the preparation of your soil all the way to sowing the seed. We’ve included these resouces for you below.\nDon’t forget — We have garden experts available 6 days a week to answer your planting questions either via email, phone or live chat! You can also \"like\" the Seed Man on facebook to get the latest Wildflower news, planting tips and more.\nHow to Plant Wildflowers in the Fall\nThe Seed Man gives tricks on one of the most important aspects of wildflower seed planting – preparing the soil.\nIn this blog, The Seed Man highlights the best seed to plant for different regions of the country. From our regional mixtures, to individual species, he outlines which seed will do best for fall planting.\nIn the last installment, The Seed Man gives tips on maintaining your wildflower meadow in the fall. He answers the ever-popular question, “To mow or not to mow?”\nOther Wildflower Guides\nIn this blog, learn the best practices for planting a large area with Wildflowers.\nA very detailed article on (literally) everything you need to know about planting Wildflowers. One of our most popular pages on our site and extremely helpful!\nWildflower Planting Videos\nHow to Plant a Wildflower Meadow Part I:\nHow to Plant a Wildflower Meadow Part II:\nWe hope this helps to answer your questions about fall Wildflower planting. Happy Gardening!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (cause of black rot of crucifers) in the genomic era is still a worldwide threat to brassica crops\nXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) (Pammel) Dowson is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes black rot, the most important disease of vegetable brassica crops worldwide. Intensive molecular investigation of Xcc is gaining momentum and several whole genome sequences are available.\nBacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadacea; Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. campestris.\nHost range and symptoms\nXcc can cause disease in a large number of species of Brassicaceae (ex-Cruciferae), including economically important vegetable Brassica crops and a number of other cruciferous crops, ornamentals and weeds, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Black rot is a systemic vascular disease. Typical disease symptoms include V-shaped yellow lesions starting from the leaf margins and blackening of the veins.\nRace structure, pathogenesis and epidemiology\nCollections of Xcc isolates have been differentiated into physiological races based on the response of several brassica species lines. Black rot is a seed-borne disease. The disease is favoured by warm, humid conditions and can spread rapidly from rain dispersal and irrigation water.\nThe control of black rot is difficult and relies on the use of pathogen-free planting material and the elimination of other potential inoculum sources (infected crop debris and cruciferous weeds). Major gene resistance is very rare in B. oleracea (brassica C genome). Resistance is more readily available in other species, including potentially useful sources of broad-spectrum resistance in B. rapa and B. carinata (A and BC genomes, respectively) and in the wild relative A. thaliana.\nThe reference genomes of three isolates have been released. The genome consists of a single chromosome of approximately 5 100 000 bp, with a GC content of approximately 65% and an average predicted number of coding DNA sequences (CDS) of 4308.\nImportant genes identified\nThree different secretion systems have been identified and studied in Xcc. The gene clusters xps and xcs encode a type II secretion system and xps genes have been linked to pathogenicity. The role of the type IV secretion system in pathogenicity is still uncertain. The hrp gene cluster encodes a type III secretion system that is associated with pathogenicity. An inventory of candidate effector genes has been assembled based on homology with known effectors. A range of other genes have been associated with virulence and pathogenicity, including the rpf, gum and wxc genes involved in the regulation of the synthesis of extracellular degrading enzymes, xanthan gum and lipopolysaccharides.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Learn weed control strategies from Feb. 5 range webinar\nBest management practices for weed control will be the topic of a Feb. 5 webinar by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Ecosystem Science and Management Unit. “To Spray or Not to Spray” is the next topic in the Texas Range Webinar Series, which airs on the first Thursday of each month from noon to 1 p.m., said Pete Flores, webinar coordinator.\n“Weeds are a common problem among landowners and can be managed with some best management practices,” said Dr. Vanessa Corriher-Olson, AgriLife Extension forage specialist. “This presentation will include discussion on effective weed control with weed identification, proper timing and herbicide selection.”\nThis webinar and others in the series can be accessed at naturalresourcewebinars.tamu.edu.\nParticipants seeking Texas Department of Agriculture continuing education units must pay a $10 fee on the website. For all others, there is no fee, Flores said. Licensed agricultural private pesticide applicators participating in this webinar can earn one integrated pest management unit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is the meaning of arable agriculture?\nArable farming is growing crops in fields, which have usually been ploughed before planting.\nWhat does the arable mean?\nthe growing of cropsDefinition of arable (Entry 1 of 2) 1 : fit for or used for the growing of crops arable land. 2 British : engaged in, produced by, or being the cultivation of arable land arable farming arable farmers.\nWhat is an example of arable?\nAn example of arable is a working vineyard. The definition of arable is land with soil that will be able to support the growth of crops. An example of land that is arable is that on which you can see corn growing.\nWhat does arable land mean?\ncapable of producing crops; suitable for farming; suited to the plow and for tillage: arable land; arable soil. noun. land that can be or is cultivated.\nWhat are arable crops and examples?\nExamples of arable crops and their uses can be seen below (Figure 1) : grain crops cultivated for their edible starch grains (wheat, maize, rice, barley, millet); pulse crops of the legume family grown for their edible seeds which are high in protein (lentil, beans, peas);\nWhy is arable land important?\nWhy Save farmland? Arable land is land that can be used for growing crops. According to Future Directions International, “Land is absolutely essential to agriculture and therefore the relationship between levels of arable land and food security merits serious consideration.\nWhat do arable farmers produce?\nArable farming produces a wide variety of crops, including cereals such as wheat, and barley, oilseed rape, peas and beans, sugar beet and potatoes.\nWhat are the advantages of arable farming?\nAdvantages of arable farmingA larger volume of land can be ploughed within a shorter time.Soil enrichment with oxygen.The possibility of deep processing, which allows turning of the soil layer.Increase in productivity.Reduction of labor costs and human efforts.More items…•\nWhere does arable farming take place?\neastern EnglandArable farming Arable farmers plough the land to produce cereal crops such as wheat and barley, vegetables, oil seed rape and linseed. Arable farms are mainly found in eastern England, including Norfolk and Lincolnshire, as well as the east of Scotland. The farmers use machinery and so prefer flatter land.\nWhat is the difference between arable land and agricultural land?\nAgricultural land is defined as the land area that is either arable, under permanent crops, or under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land under temporary crops such as cereals, temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow.\nWhat is arable land AnSwEr in one sentence?\nAnSwEr. Arable land is the land that can be used for agriculture. The term is derived from the Latin word “arare” meaning, to plough.\nWhat is meant by arable land AnSwEr in one sentence?\nIf you describe land as arable, it means that something can grow there. If you’re looking to raise crops, you better find yourself a patch of arable land. Arable has its Latin roots in the word arare, which means “to plow.” Arable soil is ground that can be plowed and cultivated.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are many different types of weed eater heads available on the market today. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to choose the right one for your needs. In this blog post, we will take a look at the different types of weed eater heads and discuss their pros and cons.\nDifferent types of weed eater heads\nDifferent types of weed eater heads can be made of different materials, such as plastic, metal, or even nylon. The type of head you choose will depend on the task at hand as well as your personal preference. Some heads are designed for cutting grass, while others are better suited for trimming around delicate flower beds. Some heads even come with multiple blades to make quick work of thick weeds. No matter what type of head you choose, be sure to keep it clean and sharp for the best results.\nWhat are the different types of weed eater heads?\nThe three main types of weed eater heads are string trimmers, edgers, and blowers. String trimmers use a spinning nylon string to cut through grass and weeds. Edgers have a metal blade that is used to cut a clean edge along sidewalks and driveways. Blowers use a powerful stream of air to blow leaves and debris away from your property.\nHow do you choose the right weed eater head?\nIf you have a specific type of weed eater in mind, then the process of choosing the right weed eater head becomes much simpler. For example, if you have a gas-powered weed eater, then you will need to find a head that is compatible with that type of weed eater. The same goes for electric weed eaters. However, if you are not sure which type of weed eater you have or if you are looking for a specific type of head, then there are a few things you should keep in mind.\nThe first thing you need to consider is the type of vegetation you will be cutting. Different heads are designed for different types of vegetation. For example, some heads are designed for thick grass, while others are better for thin weeds. If you are not sure what type of vegetation you will be cutting, then it is best to choose a head that can handle both.\nAnother thing to consider is the size of the area you will be cutting. If you only need to trim a small area, then you do not need a head that is designed for a large area. Conversely, if you have a large area to trim, then you will need a head that can handle that size.\nFinally, you need to consider the price. Different heads can range in price, so you need to find one that fits your budget. Keep in mind that you get what you pay for, so a more expensive head may be of better quality than a cheaper head.\nWhat are the benefits of using a weed eater head?\nA weed eater head is a great way to remove weeds from your lawn without using harmful chemicals. It is also an eco-friendly option as it does not release any emissions into the atmosphere. Weed eater heads are easy to use and can be attached to most lawn mowers.\nHow to use a weed eater head\nA weed eater head is a tool that is attached to the end of a weed eater in order to make it more effective at cutting weeds. There are a variety of different types of weed eater heads available on the market, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.\nThe most common type of weed eater head is the plastic head, which is designed to be lightweight and easy to use. However, these types of heads can sometimes break easily and are not as effective at cutting through thick weeds.\nAnother type of weed eater head is the metal head, which is more durable and can handle thicker weeds. However, these types of heads can be heavier and more difficult to use.\nThe best type of weed eater head to use depends on the type of weeds that you are trying to cut. If you are only dealing with light weeds, then a plastic head should be sufficient. However, if you are dealing with thick weeds, then a metal head may be necessary.\nWhat are the best weed eater heads?\nThe best weed eater heads are those that are designed for the specific type of weed that you are trying to remove. For example, if you are trying to remove dandelions, you would want to use a head that is designed to cut the taproot of the plant. Other heads are designed to cut grasses or to trim hedges.\nIt is always my pleasure to provide insightful information on important topics and if you have learned something from my article then I thank you for taking the time to share it with your friends or family.\nWe put a lot of heart and invest a lot of time trying to bring you the most interesting articles.\nYou would encourage us to do it even better in the future. Thank you!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Standard Windbreak Mesh has multiple uses, with the main ones being reducing wind speed by up to 50% and protecting crops from wind damage, soil erosion and water loss. In addition, Standard Windbreak Mesh can make projects stand out more and give them a bit of an edge. Available in multiple sizes, Standard Windbreak Mesh is an effective way of protecting plants and crops in an area prone to strong winds and adverse weather conditions.\nStandard Windbreak Mesh Key Characteristics & Benefits\nProtects plants and crops from wind damage, soil erosion and water loss", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BIO Web Conf.\nVolume 37, 2021International Scientific-Practical Conference “Agriculture and Food Security: Technology, Innovation, Markets, Human Resources” (FIES 2021)\n|Number of page(s)\n|27 October 2021\nStudy of daily dynamics of cow milk quality indicators\nStavropol State Agrarian University, 355017, pereulok Zootekhnichesky, 12, Stavropol, Russian Federation\n* Corresponding author: email@example.com\nThe introduction of modern technological advances and principles of dairy herd management, which were developed in the member countries of the International Committee for Animal Registration (ICAR), contributed to the increase in milk productivity of pedigree cattle at the national level. The harmonization of national regulatory documents with the methodological principles developed in ICAR is a promising area. The study of new methodological approaches to the assessment of milk productivity shows that one of the differences in the assessment of daily milk yield, milk fat and protein yield is the different frequency of performing the corresponding work on the control milking of cows, the formation of a daily milk sample and the necessary mathematical calculations. In the in article various approaches to assessing the daily yield of the main dairy components during 2- and 3-fold milking of cows of a herd of pedigree black-and-white cattle are considered and coefficients are proposed for recalculating the daily content of fat and protein in milk. At the same time, the presented research results, in general, coincide with the main trends in the dynamics of milk fat and protein indicators shown in the ICAR recommendations.\n© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\nCurrent usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.\nData correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.\nInitial download of the metrics may take a while.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I’ve been greedily devouring any information I can get my hands on regarding farming, homesteading, even B&B business planning in an effort to be as prepared as possible for problems that could arise. Of course through this process we are always refining our business plan and our goals. Recently I was looking up some info on the Missoula County extension office website and found a flyer for a seminar on starting a small farm and I decided to sign up. The info was good, but the most benefit came from being in the same room with 15 people all with the same type of goal we have: to produce healthy, organic, and local food products and value add products.\nAt the end of the seminar I stayed late to talk to a few of the other beginning small-farmers and exchange ideas, and one subject that came up was the idea of a “food hub”, or specifically our location becoming a “food hub” for our local area because we have the space, will presumably already be retailing our own produce, are located smack in the center of a 20 mile diameter circle with no food retail at all, and are conveniently located right off a main thoroughfare. I think it’s a great idea and as we move forward I’m going to be looking at the feasibility of setting up a small retail stand/area to carry products and produce from other local small farmers to maximize value for our customers and work together with other folks starting out just like us.\nThe process for us so far has been to “just do it”. “Lean start-ups” just do it. We can’t wait for years to save enough money to build out everything at once, nor do we want to. An incremental process will allow us to start small and slow in all areas of production and find out what we really like and what performs well in our model. Chickens are a great example, we just had seven chickens our first year to learn about them, decide if they were worth the effort for us, and develop systems. Now that we have been working with ours a while we were able to make an informed decision about whether to expand our chicken operation, and we are as we speak! Taking this approach to every facet of our homestead will minimize our exposure to financial risk and flatten the learning curve.\nDuring my weekly phone business meeting with the wife we decided we want to get all of our land into production this year, why waste it? We want to offer areas of our property that won’t be used by us this year to folks in our area that maybe don’t have any space for a garden, but want one. We’d like to set up a kind of share-cropping deal with some local folks so we can get a little food in exchange for the water and electricity, and provide them with a place to grow their own food or animals!\nMy year is going to focus on planting trees. We need to get that done this year because they need time to get established and grow. In addition to trees I’m going to be setting up raised beds to grow a few different high-dollar-per-acre crops so we can see how they perform and make a decision about what we want to grow out here long-term.\nStuff happens, and things change. It’s exciting to be living on this property and growing it, and growing with it. I’ve learned so much this last year and can barely sleep at night thinking about the potential this venture holds for us. I’ve got a lot planned for this summer, from planting and building to networking in the community and focusing our brand. Stay tuned because I’m going to be hitting y’all up with a Kickstarter later this year to purchase a small still that we can use to produce alcohol from our fruit trees, I intend to let others use it for a fee or a small share when we get it up, running, and licensed.\nAnyone interested in homesteading, backyard chicken ranching, small-scale farming, etc., take a look at your county extension office’s website for some helpful information and opportunities to find like-minded folks to bounce ideas off of.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If your garden is big enough, make a compost heap\nout of sight, like this one\nGrass clippings are another ingredient that help and gardeners with lawns have too much for their compost heaps\nHeat is a byproduct of the composting process--a well-made compost heap\nbecomes amazingly hot.\nRosemary Hooper, Wimpole estate's in-house 'master composter', encouraged anyone to urinate on their compost heap\nCertain items are not to be included in the compost heap\nAnd when this visual, which contained so much more than words could express, finally began to make some sense to the girls, they made off with a visible and tangible piece of that world, which had the effect of proclaiming the faith that this man possessed as a boy, to the point where he had decided to return to the Church that very hour--a chain of events that a compost heap\nprobably would not have initiated.\nLike a compost heap\n, a lasagna garden can have problems and not cook properly.\nHis legacy turns out to be less that of an inventor and more that of an organic gardener, mixing his compost heap\nin carefully measured proportions so as to provide the best conditions for growth.\nAdditionally, I try to make my sailboat a statement for ecology (wind and solar for electrical generation, solar hot water, and composting [added to my home compost heap\nwhenever I return to port] for now, with more coming), and to be able to cook vegan on board just makes the picture more complete.\nYou compost vegetation and this sort of thing, and you make a compost heap\nout of organic material only.\nWorking at a business school keeps me in circulation, up-to-date, in touch with young people from all over the world - and probably keeps me from being thrown on the compost heap\nfor a while longer.\nIt is not a corpse but a compost heap\n, or a quake-prone field.\nThe easiest way to turn organic material into garden food is to make a compost heap\nEvery compost heap\nis different owners of tiny spaces could perhaps consider a worm garden and the amount of time taken to work its wonder varies.\nDIVIDING RULES: I'm raiding our compost heap\nfor the last of the rich, black stuff to plant out some of the pulmonarias that I have been dividing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "April 9, 2004\nPurdue scientists finding ways to outsmart crop-damaging bugs\nWEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. A new screening method aimed at boosting pesticide effectiveness may be commercially viable, according to Purdue University researchers.\nThe process is designed to identify chemical compounds that could be added to current pesticides to overcome resistance insects have developed to them. In a recent issue of the journal Pesticide Biochemistry & Physiology, the scientists report that the method will be applicable to a variety of insects and chemicals.\n\"It's becoming more and more difficult to find new, effective pesticides,\" said Barry Pittendrigh, assistant professor of entomology and senior author of the study. \"If we can kill these pesticide-resistant insects in the field, then we have the potential to increase the functional life of the insecticides currently in use.\"\nCrop-damaging insects mutate over time so they are able to overcome the effects of chemicals developed to kill them. A toxin that protected a crop for more than a decade or two eventually may lose its lethality due to resistance in the insect population.\nAccording to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, more than $7.5 billion is spent annually on agricultural pesticides. This is about 30 percent to 50 percent of the variable costs involved in managing harmful insects.\nPittendrigh and his research team studied common research fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, in which the molecular mechanism that provides the insect with chemical resistance was known. They applied that knowledge to test known chemicals' toxicity to the resistant insects.\nA pesticide's toxic effect occurs when a molecule on an insect's cells, called a receptor, acts as a loading dock for molecules in the pesticide. When a toxic chemical is used, its docking molecule, called a ligand, joins the receptor and kills the bug.\nBut nature allows pests to challenge control methods by altering their own receptors. These biochemical changes prevent binding of the chemical to the receptor and its entry into the bugs' system. Once this occurs, the chemical becomes ineffective and a new way to stop the insects is needed.\nDiscovery of other toxins to attack insects that have the altered receptor offers a new way of minimizing resistance in the insect population, Pittendrigh said. The newly introduced insecticide provides negative cross-resistance, meaning the chemicals react with the mutated molecule.\n\"Insects have a tremendous capacity to adapt to chemicals that we use to control them,\" Pittendrigh said. \"That's just evolution in motion. With negative cross-resistance, we're buying time for the commercial life of another pesticide. Using resistance-breaking compounds is a way to potentially double or triple the time that the original compound is effective.\"\nIn this study, the researchers tested nine related insecticides in order to identify a negative cross-resistance toxin. They found that the resistant flies were highly susceptible to one compound called deltamethrin. Use of deltamethrin dramatically reduced the numbers of pesticide-resistant insects in a fruit fly population.\nThe researchers used DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) as their base chemical because they know the insect molecule with which it reacts. This gave them insight into how other chemicals would behave.\nAfter finding that deltamethrin was the most effective, they added the DDT. Then they tested the combined toxicity.\nThough it's banned in developed countries, DDT is commonly used for mosquito control in Third World countries where malaria is still the No. 1 killer.\n\"In the fly line, we have a known mechanism of resistance, and we understand how DDT works at the molecular level,\" Pittendrigh said. \"So then we can describe and understand molecularly how negative cross-resistance occurs. DDT was used simply because it allowed us to test a model system.\"\nOne argument against negative cross-resistance has been that it will be difficult, if not impossible, to find compounds toxic to mutated insects, Pittendrigh said. However, this study shows it may not be as difficult to identify negative cross-resistance compounds as once assumed.\nThe screening process will speed up and simplify identifying effective compounds and add another weapon in the arsenal to fight crop-destroying insects.\n\"If we can extend the commercial lifetime of a current pesticide with a negative cross-resistance compound, that's the best we can hope for,\" Pittendrigh said.\nThe screening system for identifying negative cross-resistance compounds has the potential to be applicable to other insects and to be produced and used at a commercial level, he said. But first, the molecular evolution of pesticide resistance in each targeted insect must be known.\nFor the negative cross-resistance toxin to be beneficial and financially viable, it would have to be used in cases where the evolutionary change in the target insect is seen in more than one line of the bug, which is found across a wide geographical area, Pittendrigh said. The chance of successful use of a chemical is even better if this resistance mechanism is the same across a wide variety of pest insects.\nThe other researchers involved in this study were: Joao Pedra and Andrew Hostetler, a doctoral student and a researcher assistant, respectively, in Purdue's Department of Entomology; Patrick Gaffney, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Statistics; and Robert Reenan, associate professor, University of Connecticut Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology. Pedra and Pittendrigh also are part of the Purdue Molecular Plant Resistance and Nematode Team.\nThe Purdue Department of Entomology provided funding for this research.\nWriter: Susan A. Steeves, (765) 496-7481, email@example.com\nSource: Barry Pittendrigh, (765) 494-7730, firstname.lastname@example.org\nRelated Web site:\nHyper-susceptibility to deltamethrin in parats-1 DDT resistant Drosophila melanogaster\nPatrick J. Gaffney,c Robert A. Reenan,d\nand Barry R. Pittendrigha,b,*\nDepartment of Entomology, Room 100, 1158 Smith Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA; MPRINTMolecular Plant Resistance and Nematode Team, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1158, USA; Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center-MC3301, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA\nThe extensively studied para gene encodes a a-subunit of the voltage-activated sodium channel in Drosophila melanogaster, which is the documented target site of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. The parats-1 fruit fly line carries a recessive sex-linked insecticide-resistance trait (parats-1 allele) that has been defined on the basis of the behavioral phenotype of temperature-sensitive paralysis. We have determined that parats-1 confers hyper-susceptibility to deltamethrin in addition to the previously annotated resistance to DDT, revealing the presence of negative cross-resistance. We investigated the potential use of negative cross-resistance shifting parats-1 gene frequencies in D. melanogaster populations. After five generations of selection, the parats-1 allele, respectively, became more or less frequent whether Drosophila populations were selected with DDT or deltamethrin.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Your prolific correspondent Alex Hodges ('Scrapping GM crop ban is a disappointing decision', Stock Journal, August 22) raises some often repeated claims about genetically-modified crops that require comment.\nGM technology is too expensive for the third world. The cost of GM technology is indeed very high and includes the initial research and development, the variety development, the pre-release testing but mostly the cost of deregulation in the country growing the crop and buying it. Despite that, GM technologies do have a role in the third world.\nGM eggplant or brinjal is widely grown commercially in Bangladesh as it improves crop yield and quality and saves weekly sprays for caterpillars. It has been so successful that farmers in neighbouring India are desperately seeking approval to grow it.\nWhile working with CIMMYT - one of the 15 major crop centres with the responsibility of improving food security in the developing world - projects were undertaken breeding maize for sub-Saharan Africa with GM resistance to corn borer.\nMajor life science companies were offering their GM technologies through their charitable foundations or at a discount to the technology fees charged in developed countries. Furthermore, several of the Bt genes for insect resistance are nearing the end of their patent life and after that expires, the technology is freely available.\nIt is also worth noting that the rate of adoption of GM crops has been higher in developing than developed countries since about 2000 and since 2011 the developing countries account for more than half the global area sown to GM crops.\nBreed drought tolerant crops using conventional means rather than GM. Australia has a long and proud history of breeding for drought tolerance. But, this is an extraordinarily difficult technical task and so all tools available to a plant breeder should be considered whether they be 'conventional', GM (transgenic approaches) or the newer gene editing approaches.\nIn my opinion, there is nothing to fear and much to gain from combining these approaches. Indeed, we will not deal with the projected impact of climate change on our cropping systems without this integrated approach.\nGiant biotech companies fund university research. Yes, and why wouldn't they? Much of the work in gene discovery and innovative genetics and genomics comes from the universities - and government research agencies - but given the cost of deregulating a GM event for commercial use there are very few universities that could contemplate taking a new gene discovery to market by themselves.\nWe should encourage our governments to invest more in agricultural research and simplify the regulatory environment so that the public sector can play a greater role in technology delivery.\nGM organisms cannot be corralled. GM versions of our major crops do not have super powers to leap tall buildings and studies have shown that they are no more likely to spread from point of origin than conventionally-bred varieties of those crops.\nExperience in NSW, Vic and WA clearly shows that GM and non-GM canola can be successfully separated both on-farm and in the supply chain.\nHealth dangers of GM crops. GM crops are grown on more than 190 million hectares in 26 countries, for more than 25 years and so there is large-scale evidence of the safety of GM crops to complement smaller lab-scale studies.\nThe European Union supported extensive research into the health and safety issues associated with GM crops and concluded that there was no reason to suppose GM crops presented any new risks. Indeed, they commented that GM crops were probably safer due to the additional scrutiny and tighter regulation compared with conventional crops.\nOrganic crops are the future. I am a big fan of organic principles for your backyard veggie patch, and many of the principles of organic farming - integrated pest management, use of animal manures, crop rotation - are key parts of modern farming, but the reality is that for the world's staple crops, using current organic technology, yields will be 60 per cent to 70pc of current practices.\nThat is fine for affluent and well-fed countries in Western Europe, North America and Australia but try telling a farmer living on $2 a day in sub-Saharan Africa or Asia that there is suddenly one-third less food.\nFormer University of Adelaide professor of plant breeding and CIMMYT board member, Pinery.\n- Start the day with all the big news in agriculture. Click here to sign up to receive our daily Stock Journal newsletter.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Funding available for agricultural hydropower projects\nThe Colorado Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service are seeking applicants for on-farm agricultural hydropower projects. The total amount of available assistance for this round is $1,300,000. The funding is available to Colorado agricultural irrigators with appropriate hydropower resources.\n“This program gives producers a way to cut their costs and use their resources efficiently. It’s about water quantity, water quality, and energy resources,” said Sam Anderson, CDA’s Energy Specialist, “We focus on helping farmers upgrade outdated and labor-intensive flood-irrigation systems to more efficient pressurized-irrigation systems using hydropower or retrofit existing sprinkler systems with a hydropower component.”\nThe funding is part of the NRCS Regional Conservation Partnership Program. Within RCPP, the Colorado irrigation hydropower program provides funding to agricultural producers to help them add hydropower to new or existing irrigation systems.\nPast projects have helped farmers use irrigation water to generate electricity, offsetting some of the cost of power for those farms. Other projects have allowed farmers to run large center-pivot sprinkler systems on hydro-mechanical power without the need for any electricity.\nThe overall hydro program is funded and assisted by 14 agencies and groups, collectively contributing $3 million to the effort for project funding and technical assistance for Colorado agricultural producers.\nCDA is currently accepting applications for the next round of RCPP irrigation hydro projects. The application deadline is January 18, 2019. Applicants must be eligible to receive funding from the NRCS EQIP program. For more information and to submit an application, visit the Colorado Department of Agriculture’s ACRE3 hydropower website: www.colorado.gov/agconservation/hydro-navigation-guide.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As I explained in my Introduction to Annuals, they can be summarized as follows: seed, germinate, grow, flower, flower, flower, I am so pretty, flower, flower, oh my biological clock is ticking, make seed, die. Time elapsed, one year or less.\nPerennials are plants that grow for more than a year (assuming they live; it’s a life style, not a contract with God). They take their time; frequently they don’t even bloom in the first year of growth after the seed germinates.\nWhen they do get around to blooming, perennials have shorter blooming seasons than annuals, or, if they bloom for several months, usually the first few weeks are intense and the re-bloom is more sporadic, sometimes requiring some encouragement on the part of the gardener. This might be something like shearing a couple of inches off of the top of the plant to remove the old dead flowers\nPerennials tend to be either cool weather, late winter/spring bloomers or warm weather summer bloomers (but not both). There are even a few fall bloomers. The summer bloomers tend to have longer blooming periods than the spring bloomers.\nWe know a few things about garden center shoppers. We know that most of you a) shop in the spring, and b) you tend to buy what is in flower when you shop. Because a lot of the fun of perennial gardening is watching things change from day to day and week to week as plants grow and come into flower, you really should visit the garden center a couple of times in the summer to see what’s currently in bloom. Really. It’s for your own good.\nOf perennials, it is said that the first year they sleep, the second year they creep, and the third year they leap. So, during the first year after you plant your perennial, not that much happens. The second year (after the first winter) you have more blooms on larger plants, and the third year, they really hit their stride with much larger plants and heavier bloom. Assuming everything goes right.\nMost perennials die completely down to the ground in the winter, overwintering with living bits below ground. Or, they overwinter with small tufts of foliage (leaves) above the soil. Technically, these are “herbaceous perennials.” While we are jargoning, we may as well toss in hardy, which means they tolerate some below freezing temperatures. So what we are talking about are hardy herbaceous perennials: you’ll do fine if you just say “perennials.”\nThere is another outdoor herbaceous group that falls between the annuals and perennials, the biennials: plants that grow without flowering the first year, flower the second, and then die (so bi-ennial; two years). These include cabbage, parsley, and foxgloves. These are sold with the vegetables, herbs, or perennials, wherever they seem to fit the best. There aren’t that many.\nWhy use perennials?\nMost people do it to save the effort of replanting annuals each year. This does save some planting time, but for a perennial garden to look good, it does require some care—cutting back old flowers and so on—so planting perennials doesn’t save much time, it just spreads it out. The real reason to choose perennials is that it allows you, should you be inclined, to “paint” with flowers. Perennials change in many dimensions over the season—height, width, color; texture of foliage (fine or broad leaves); how one color plays off the colors of surrounding plants. So, you really get to play. If you enjoy repainting your walls with new colors, then you will enjoy painting the garden with perennials.\nPerennials are best planted in groups, three or five plants of a given type. If you have a big enough space, you can repeat the group in several spots to “unite” the garden.\nby Larry Hurley\nPhoto by Susan Harris of the healing garden at an AIDS services center in Buffalo.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gujarat presents diverse climatic conditions with a major part exhibiting low rainfall (\nIdentification of a new lac host, Prosopis juliflora, available in abundance throughout the state is a very significant finding under this initiative. Very good lac crop yield (yield ratio of output/ input with up to 21) was demonstrated on this host. The production technologies for this host for winter kusmi lac was demonstrated at Bhavnagar, Junagadh, Rajkot, Bhachau (Kuchchh) and Basan. A package of practices was also developed for winter kusmi lac crop on this host. F. semialata was successfully demonstrated as suitable host, for providing the summer kusmi broodlac, under irrigated condition (output/input yield ratio ~10).\nA demonstration of winter lac production was also given in the farmers’ field (Tajpur, Banaskantha) on 1,000 big trees of ber (Gola). The 2 000 kg kusmi broodlac brought from Ranchi, Jharkhand and Bankhedi, Madhya Pradesh was inoculated @ 2 kg/ tree in July 2008. A total 220 q broodlac was harvested. Since, there is no market of broodlac, 70 q of sticklac worth Rs 4.9 lakh was prepared from the harvested crop. Two small scale processing units (100 kg/day) were installed at Forest Research Centres at Basan and Piplej for demonstration of conversion of sticklac to seedlac. Based on the success of this project, a new project has been sanctioned by the Gujarat Forest Research Institute with a budget allocation of about Rs 1.742 million for establishment of two kusmi broodlac farms with farmer-participatory approach for promotion of lac cultivation in traditional and non-traditional areas of Gujarat\n(Source: email: iinrgilri [dot] ernet [dot] in )", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I needed the greenhouse to withstand lots of snow and wind\nWhat do you grow in your greenhouse?\nTomatoes, bush beans, spring onions, radishes, carrots, cauliflower, broccoli, sweet peppers, lettuce, flowers\nWhat other brands did you consider before deciding to go with a Planta Greenhouse?\nI love the design and the strength of the greenhouse. Living in northern Vermont, I needed the greenhouse to withstand lots of snow and wind. And the Sungrow is such a pretty structure.\nHow was your online shopping experience like buying from Planta Greenhouses?\nPlanta has been easy to work with. The greenhouse was delivered on time and in good condition, with no missing parts.\nHow did this greenhouse change your gardening experience?\nSo far, it has lengthened my season by about one month both spring and fall.\nWhat's your favourite thing about the greenhouse?\nClimate control is number one, but it is also pretty to look at.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CCDP is proud to present a locally produced documentary by Chatham's own Linda Booker. Join us to learn about the what Hemp could mean to our economy and our health.\nA father’s search to find the healthiest building materials leads him to the completion of the nation’s first hemp house. Hemp with lime is a non-toxic, energy efficient, mildew, fire and pest resistant building material. The drawback — industrial hemp is currently illegal to farm in the U.S.A. Industrial hemp is a non-psychoactive plant, grown in 31 other countries that makes thousands of sustainable products and offers solutions for global warming, nutrition, poverty and deforestation. Here in the U.S., hemp could be a money-making crop for farmers and create jobs. But why can’t we grow it here?\nCheck-in opens at 5:30 pm and our program begins at 6:15. The Pittsboro Roadhouse menu is available for snacks or dinner. There will be opportunity for discussion after the film. Donations to the CCDP are welcome.\n39 West St\nPittsboro, NC 27312\nGoogle map and directions", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Posted on March 3, 2014 @ 04:32:00 AM by Paul Meagher\nMe and my wife purchased a 62 acre farmstead property in our home town about 4 years ago. Much of the land consisted of hay fields. Up until last year, the hay fields were just an expense for me. I had to hire someone to come in once a year and drop the hay just to keep the hay fields in good condition. I had started accumulating second-hand farm equipment since we purchased the place. Last year I needed a second hand hay rake and baler to round out the equipment I would need to make square bales of hay myself. I decided to go for it and partnered 50/50 with my brother-in-law to make and sell the hay (he also had the full compliment of square-bale hay making equipment so we had two mowers and balers going as we were making it). The farmstead came with a big old barn whose massive roof I had reshingled the previous year so it was being underutilized. We decided we would make the hay and store it in the barn until we got sale for it. Here is us filling up the barn with hay bales.\nI'm videoing the event. My brother-in-law is the guy at the top of the mow throwing the hay to the back of the barn. Because I don't live at the farmstead now (mostly a spring/summer/fall residence) my brother-in-law, who lives in the area, is handling the calls for hay. We sold some hay to date but were starting to get concerned that we would have quite a bit left in the barn by spring (which would make it harder to sell and create storage issues for any new hay I would make this year). I was just informed this morning that we now have sale for 1400 bales. My brother-in-law ended his email with \"We should have made more\". I'm quite emboldened by the success of this hay making venture. I'll recoup my machinery investments, labor investments, and make a small profit. The hay was money in the bank as far as I was concerned. I had already paid out all my expenses to make it. When it was sold it would be like I was cashing out my investment. Cha-ching!\nThe moral of the story for me was that I was correct to recognize the opportunity and to make the necessary machinery investments to realize that opportunity. Farming is a hard business to make money at, and many farmers go broke buying too much equipment, or equipment that is too expensive, but the reality is that I couldn't make a sellable product, hay bales, without buying a rake and baler last year. I could have lost a good amount of money in this venture if the hay did not sell, but I'd never know if I would or not if I did not make the investment. The barn would have also been a useless asset if I did not start using it for it's intended purpose - to store hay. I'm not going to get rich making hay, but it is an important stream of income for the farm that can be used to fund other farm projects. Maybe the farm will show up as source of revenue rather than a tax deduction on next year's tax return. For that to happen, I may have to ramp up hay production this year while some of my other farm product investments (1600 grape vines and 180 apple trees so far) mature enough to become additional sources of farm revenue. My long term plan is for around 6 streams of income from the farm, two of which are now being realized (hay production, farm vacation accommodations).\nIn my theory of entrepreneurship I discuss the importance of developing multiple lines of business. This is what I'm doing with my farming venture. I'm not necessarily looking for the next big innovative idea, I'm looking for the next revenue stream that might pan out. For me, hay production is one new revenue stream that appears to be panning out. It is also good productive physical exercise to counteract the effects of too much time spent indoors in front of a computer monitor. On the farm, I also use sheafs of hay for thick mulch around my grape vines (to suppress weeds and winterize), as a growing medium for potatoes (embed seed potato between sheafs), and when it rots out it is a source of soil fertility for the grape vines and my garden. The square bale format is ideal for these purposes and is another reason to make them beyond any direct income they might generate.\nHay Production Investments For My Farm Startup", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Source: Pierce Paul, Alissa Kriss, Dennis Mills, Katelyn Willyerd, Ohio State University\nBased on a statewide survey of wheat fields over the past 10 days, the incidence of head scab ranges from about 3 to 61 percent. This means that between 4 and 53 heads out of every 100 heads have some scab. Head scab is a disease caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum or Gibberella zeae (two names for the same fungus). Scab develops best when wet, humid weather occurs when the wheat is flowering. The conditions have been favorable in a number of locations this spring. The disease causes shriveled and lightweight kernels, reducing grain yield and test weight. In addition, the fungus also produces a toxin called vomitoxin that is harmful to humans and livestock. So, the effects of scab can be devastating, lower yields, lower test weights, and toxin contamination = price discounts or complete grain rejection at elevators. For a comparison between Fusarium Head scab and Stagonospora Glume Blotch the two photos.\nAt this stage, nothing can be done to control scab, but several approaches can be used to minimize losses. As you scout fields and make decisions or recommendations, here are a few DOs and DON'Ts:\n1- Do not make a decision before you know exactly how much scab is out there.\nIncidence is a very good measure of disease, but when using incidence one needs to be carefully not to overestimate or underestimate how serious the problem really is. A wheat head has on average 15 spikelets. If you look at 10 heads and 3 out of the 10 heads have a single spikelet diseased, then the incidence is 30 percent. If in another field, 3 out of the 10 heads have 5 spikelets diseased, the incidence is still 30 percent. However, the severity of scab is quite different between the two fields. Severity has a closer relationship to how much yield will be lost as well as potential levels of DON. Although this is not always a straight correlation. To get a handle on how severe disease is we begin to look closer at the spikelets within each head and how many of those are scabby.\nNow if you consider that each spikelet will give you 3 kernels. Each set of 10 heads will give you 450 kernels (10x15x3). In the first case, 9 (3 heads each with 1 scabby spikelet x 3 kernels/spikelet) of the 450 kernels will be scabby (2 percent of the kernels). In the second case, 45 (3 heads x 5 scabby spikelets x 3 kernels per spikelet) of the 450 kernels will be scabby (10 percent of the kernels). The second field with 10 percent of the kernels scabby will likely have more vomitoxin than the first field with 2 percent scabby kernels, even though the incidence is 30 percent in both fields.\n2- Do not make a decision based on how the field looks from a distance.\nScabby heads contrast nicely with green leaves, making the field look more scabby than it really is. In addition, we have quite a bit of glume blotch (another disease of the head) this year, and you will not be able to tell the difference between glume blotch and scab from a distance. Not because you know for a fact that your neighbor has scab you should assume that you have it too. Your variety may be more resistant to scab than your neighbor’s or even if the varieties are the same, you and your neighbor's fields may have flowered at different times.\n3- Do not wait until it is too late to scout fields.\nThis is the most important. Fields are turning. Scabby heads and maturing heads both take on a straw color. So if you wait until next week you may think all the heads are scabby or all are healthy because they will all look bleached and straw-colored.\n4- Do not feed grain from fields with scab to livestock before getting it tested for vomitoxin.\nAnimals, particularly swine, may have serious health problems if fed grain with high levels of vomitoxin.\n5- Do not use straw from fields with scab for hay without getting it tested for vomitoxin.\nYes, straw from field with high levels if scab also becomes contaminated with vomitoxin and may cause the same problems caused by feeding scabby grain.\n6- Do not handle scabby grains without gloves and masks.\n1- Do scout field to make sure that you do indeed have scab, and more importantly, to determine how much scab is there.\nWalk fields and examine heads at multiple (30 or more) locations spread out across the field. At every point, count the number of heads with scab out of every 40 heads you examine. Also observe the heads to determine how much of each head is scabby, that is, how many of the spikelets on the head are diseased. Assuming that each head has about 15 spikelets and each spikelet produces about 3 kernels, use the table below to help you estimate what percentage of your grain may be scabby. For example if you examine 40 heads and 3 are scabby, the incidence will be 7.5 percent. If the scabby heads have an average of 4 scabby spikelets, then the percent scabby kernels will be about 2 percent.\nThe incidence of scab will likely be highest where there is more corn/wheat residue on the ground close to source of inoculum. It will be higher where the moisture takes longer to dry off. If an area was impacted check the fields that are not tilled or have trees surrounding the field preventing air flow.\nTable 1. Estimate of average percent scabby kernels based on scab incidence and the assumption that each head has 15 spikelets and each spikelet produces 3 kernels. These are assumptions based on some research data. The results will vary based on the variety, disease severity and the environmental conditions that will occur over the next few weeks. This table is a preliminary estimate and guide to use for when fields should be not harvested. All fields with scab should be tested for DON levels.\nVomitoxin will likely exceed 2 ppm in the red area when the percent scabby kernel is greater than5 percent (red). Vomitoxin levels can be deceptively high in some years at low scab levels (blue), especially if rains for several days between flowering and harvest.\n2- Do turn up the air on the combine to blow out scabby kernels.\nThese kernels are lighter than non-infected or healthy kernels.\n3- Do harvest areas or fields with the most scab first and keep that grain separate from the rest.\n4- Do get grain tested for vomitoxin before feeding.\n5- Do plow under scabby wheat stubble, if you choose to abandon wheat fields with high levels of scab to plant soybean. Scabby wheat on the soil surface means more spores available to infect corn and cause Gibberella ear rot. Yes, the same fungus causes both diseases. Remember last year? Let's break this cycle.\n6- Do continue to read the C.O.R.N newsletter for more on head scab and vomitoxin.\nDisclaimer: Dr. Paul, Field crops disease team and The Ohio State University will not be held liable for the information presented in this table. This is just meant to be a guide. The association among scab incidence, percent scabby kernels, and vomitoxin contamination will vary with variety and weather conditions and as such may be different from that shown here. DO NOT use this information as a substitute for vomitoxin testing. Sending sample to a certified lab is the best way to tell how contaminated the grain is.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When it comes to raising chickens, providing enough space for them to roam is crucial for their happiness and health. As responsible chicken farmers, we must ensure our flock has the necessary acreage to thrive.\nBut how many acres do chickens need? Determining the optimal space for chickens depends on several factors, such as the breed, flock size, and farming system used. In this article, we will explore these factors in detail to help you calculate the perfect acreage for your chicken farm.\nAdditionally, we will discuss the importance of providing adequate coop space for your chickens to ensure their comfort and well-being. By creating a stress-free environment for your flock, you can foster happy and healthy hens.\nJoin us as we delve into the world of chicken farming and uncover the optimal space requirements for a happy and thriving flock.\nCalculating Acreage for Chicken Farming: Factors to Consider\nWhen it comes to calculating the acreage needed for your chicken farm, there are several factors to consider. By taking these factors into account, you can determine the appropriate amount of land needed to support a happy and healthy flock.\nChicken Land Requirements\nThe first factor to consider is the land requirements for your chickens. The amount of land needed for your flock will depend on several factors, such as the breed, flock size, and type of farming system used. Typically, free-range chickens will require more land than those kept in an intensive farming system.\nFor instance, if you have a small flock of chickens, you may only need a quarter of an acre to support them. However, larger flocks may need up to five acres or more. It is important to ensure that you have enough land to support your flock, while also taking into account the needs of neighboring properties.\nDetermining Chicken Land Needs\nWhen determining the land needs of your flock, it is important to consider their natural behaviors. Chickens have a tendency to forage and search for food, so you will need to ensure that your land has enough grass and vegetation to support them. Additionally, chickens require space to dust bathe, roost, and establish a pecking order.\nTo determine the appropriate acreage for your flock, you will need to consider the recommended square footage per chicken. Most experts recommend a minimum of four square feet per chicken, with additional space needed for roosting and nesting boxes. This means that a flock of 25 chickens will need at least 100 square feet of space, not including their coop.\nOverall, calculating the acreage needed for your chicken farm requires careful consideration of several factors. By taking into account the needs of your flock, you can create a sustainable and happy environment for your birds to thrive.\nOptimal Space Requirements for Chickens: Acreage per Chicken\nWhen it comes to providing space for your chickens, it’s crucial to consider their individual needs. Different breeds and flock sizes require varying amounts of space to thrive. Additionally, the type of farming system used, be it free-range or intensive, also plays a role in determining the acreage needed.\nOne key factor to keep in mind is the recommended square footage per chicken. It’s important to allow enough space for your chickens to engage in natural behaviors such as roosting, foraging, and dust bathing. The general guideline is to provide at least 4 square feet of outdoor space per chicken. For indoor coop space, the recommended amount is 10 square feet per chicken.\nIt’s also important to consider the recommended number of chickens per acre. The optimal number varies depending on the size of the land and the farming system used, but a common rule of thumb is to provide at least 250 square feet of space per chicken. This ensures a balanced and sustainable flock that can thrive in their environment.\n|Breed of Chicken\n|Outdoor Space per Chicken\n|Indoor Coop Space per Chicken\n|2 square feet\n|5 square feet\n|4 square feet\n|10 square feet\n|Large Breeds, such as Jersey Giant\n|8-10 square feet\n|15-20 square feet\nIt’s important to note that providing adequate space isn’t just about the physical well-being of your chickens. It also impacts their emotional health. Overcrowding can lead to stress and aggression, which can manifest in various negative behaviors, such as feather picking and cannibalism.\nBy providing the recommended space per chicken and maintaining a balanced flock, you can ensure that your chickens are happy, healthy, and thriving.\nDesigning the Perfect Chicken Coop: Coop Space Requirements\nWhen it comes to raising chickens, providing adequate coop space is crucial to their health and wellbeing. Chickens need a safe and secure space to roost, nest, and relax. As a rule of thumb, each chicken requires at least 2-3 square feet of coop space, but this can vary depending on their breed, size, and habits.\nIt’s important to ensure that your coop is well-ventilated to prevent ammonia buildup, which can lead to respiratory problems. Additionally, chickens require a source of natural light to maintain healthy circadian rhythms.\n|Coop Space Requirements Checklist:\n|Provide at least 2-3 square feet of coop space per chicken\n|Ensure good ventilation to prevent respiratory problems\n|Offer natural light to maintain healthy circadian rhythms\n|Include nesting boxes for egg-laying\nIt’s also important to provide enough nesting boxes for your hens. A good rule of thumb is to have one nesting box per 3-4 hens. Nesting boxes should be filled with clean, dry bedding, such as straw or pine shavings, and be situated in a quiet and private area of the coop.\nBy following these coop space requirements, you can ensure that your chickens are living in a comfortable and stress-free environment. This not only leads to happier hens but can also result in healthier eggs and meat for you and your family.\nFostering Happy, Healthy Hens: The Benefits of Sufficient Acreage\nProviding your chickens with ample acreage is crucial for their happiness and health. By giving them enough space, you’ll promote natural behaviors that foster their overall well-being. But how many acres do chickens need, and what is the optimal space for chickens on your farm?\nThe answer depends on various factors, such as the breed of chicken, flock size, and farming system used. However, as a general rule of thumb, a minimum of 2-3 square feet per chicken outside the coop is recommended. For example, if you have 25 chickens, you’ll need a minimum of 50-75 square feet of outdoor space.\nIn addition to outdoor space, it’s essential to provide enough indoor space within your coop. This space is crucial for roosting, nesting, and overall comfort. The recommended indoor space per chicken is about 4 square feet. So, for 25 chickens, your coop should be at least 100 square feet.\nBy providing sufficient acreage, your chickens will enjoy significant benefits. They’ll have the opportunity to forage and engage in natural behaviors, which promotes better physical health. Additionally, ample space reduces stress and aggression among your flock, ensuring a more peaceful and harmonious environment.\nIn summary, understanding how many acres chickens need is critical for their well-being. By following recommended space requirements and providing enough acreage, you can foster happy, healthy hens on your farm.\nQ: How much space do chickens need?\nA: The amount of space chickens need can vary depending on factors such as the breed, flock size, and farming system. As a general guideline, most experts recommend providing at least 4-5 square feet of outdoor space per chicken and 1-2 square feet of indoor space within the coop.\nQ: What happens if chickens don’t have enough space?\nA: If chickens don’t have enough space, they may become stressed, agitated, and prone to health issues. Overcrowding can lead to feather picking, aggression, and increased susceptibility to diseases. It’s important to provide adequate space to ensure the well-being and happiness of your flock.\nQ: Can chickens be kept in a small backyard?\nA: Yes, chickens can be kept in a small backyard. Even with limited space, you can provide enough room for them to roam and fulfill their natural behaviors. Consider utilizing vertical space with perches and vertical gardens, as well as incorporating rotational grazing or free-ranging when possible.\nQ: How many chickens can I keep per acre?\nA: The number of chickens you can keep per acre depends on various factors such as the breed, management practices, and intended purpose. A general rule of thumb is to allow 2-4 chickens per 1000 square feet of outdoor space. However, it’s always best to consult local regulations and guidelines to ensure compliance.\nQ: What are the benefits of providing sufficient acreage for chickens?\nA: Providing sufficient acreage for chickens offers numerous benefits. It allows for better physical health through increased exercise, access to fresh pasture, and natural foraging behaviors. Additionally, it reduces stress, aggression, and the risk of diseases. Sufficient acreage fosters happier and healthier hens overall.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia\nOn-line version ISSN 1806-9290\nNEVES, Fabio Pereira et al. Structural characterization of a natural pasture vegetation from Pampa Biome under different herbage allowance management strategies. R. Bras. Zootec. [online]. 2009, vol.38, n.9, pp.1685-1694. ISSN 1806-9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982009000900007.\nThe objective of this trial was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of feeding sites stratified by strips of herbage mass and sward height, and the percentage of effectively grazed area, herbage growth rate and dry matter yield of a natural pasture from Pampa Biome managed with different herbage allowance management strategies. A randomized block design with two replications was used with three fixed herbage allowance (8, 12 and 16%) and three herbage allowance variables throughout the year (8-12%, 12-8%, and 16-12%), with first value corresponding to the spring season. The 8% fixed herbage allowance presented greater effectively grazed area, but the average height and herbage mass were lower than in other allowances. The highest herbage allowance, 16% and 16-12%, presented 9.0 cm average sward height and herbage mass of 2,000 kg/ha dry matter, and a smaller effectively grazed area than the 8% and 8-12% herbage allowances. In spite of the different management strategies used, between 60 and 70% of feeding sites occurred in strips considered to constrain animal intake, except in the 16% and 16-12% treatments, in which a smaller frequency of feeding sites in strips lower than 6.0 cm was registered. In general, the feeding sites were concentrated on strips <6 cm SH, and herbage masses <1000 and 1000-1500 kg/ha dry matter, in all allowances. However, at 16-12% and 8-12% herbage allowances, the feeding sites were better distributed among the strips for herbage mass and sward height.\nKeywords : feeding sites; grazing intensity; herbage mass; sward height; sward structure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "EAST LANSING, Mich. -- Lansing's first urban farm project, developed by two Michigan State University professors, will soon have farming apprentices and a mobile vegetable cart to assist its efforts to economically revive the city's east side, thanks to a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture.\nThe two-year, $90,000 grant will be administered by Allen Neighborhood Center, which serves as a hub for community development. Part of the USDA's Farmers Market Promotion Program, the grant will be used to develop marketing strategies; increase the number of growers by targeting youth from the area; and partner with organizations focused on food security, land use, job creation and community development.\nLaura DeLind, senior academic specialist in the MSU's Department of Anthropology and visiting assistant professor in the Residential College in the Arts and Humanities, and Linda Anderson, professor emeritus of teacher education, founded the Lansing Urban Farm Project — and Urbandale Farm — last spring.\nEstablished in the 1920s, Urbandale was the first suburb of Lansing to provide affordable housing for auto workers. It consists of large lots with mature trees, a mix of longtime and recent residents, and, increasingly, vacant lots and empty houses.\nDevelopment in the area is limited because of the area's flood-plain status and urban agriculture is one way to transform vacant lots into productive and welcoming spaces, DeLind said.\nShe added that Lansing's east side is an area where convenience stores and fast food franchises serve as the major food sources. In addition, about 30 percent of the population of Urbandale doesn't have easy access to whole, unprocessed food due to lack of transportation.\n\"Using land agriculturally makes a lot of sense instead of leaving it open or as an eyesore,\" DeLind said. \"We want residents to have improved access to fresh vegetables and to consider incorporating them into their diets and daily lives as much as possible. We also hope the farm builds a sense of ownership while beautifying the neighborhood and granting a sense of purpose and place.\"\nSince spring, area residents have been involved in every stage, from cleaning up the lot to final fall harvests. The farm is beginning to serve as a commons where neighbors meet each other and a neighborhood block party has been planned.\nOther LUFP collaborators include The Garden Project (of the Greater Lansing Food Bank) and The City of Lansing's Office of Planning and Neighborhood Development.\nFor more information, visit Lansing Urban Farm Project or call (517) 999-3916.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "October 12, 2020\nClick the brackets in the bottom right\ncorner to view the magazine in full screen.\nIn this issue...\nExecutive Insights: Matter of Trade\nISA CEO Kirk Leeds answers questions about the state of agricultural trade.\nPolicy Update: Driven to Deliver\nISA Director of Public Affairs Michael Dolch shares insights.\nPicking Up the Pieces\nPhoto essay depicting the aftermath of the Aug. 10 derecho in Iowa.\nThe American Soybean Association celebrates 100 years of representing U.S. soybean growers.\nA Century of Soy\nIowans reflect on their experiences leading the American Soybean Association.\nLeading the Way in Water Quality\nA national award highlights the Iowa Soybean Association's dedication to collaboration.\nMaking Progress in Water Quality\nIowa Soybean Association experts help guide farmer’s path to cleaner water.\nRaising Awareness in Water Quality\nThe Iowa Agriculture Water Alliance, Iowa Soybean Association, Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, and WHO and WMT Radio partner on the Clean Water in Iowa Starts Here campaign.\nProject to enhance soybean’s leading export region officially kicks off.\nSpotlight on Soy\nEvent highlights reliability of U.S. soy.\nThe Last Word: The Farm Truck\nThere's soon to be a new addition to this staple publication — a Letters to the Editor page! Read Iowa Soybean Review Editor Ann Clinton's column to find out what she is calling on magazine readers to share about this month. For a chance to be featured in a future issue, send Ann a note by Tuesday, October 20!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to Care for Potted Plants?\nHaving plants around the home is known for boosting our moods and increasing productivity and creativity, so it’s no wonder that more and more people are enjoying the presence of potted plants inside the homes and outside in their gardens. Not only that, but plants are well known for cleaning the air we breathe by removing toxins and producing oxygen, so with this in mind, let’s give back to our green friends and understand how best to look after potted plants. To ensure we can carry on enjoying the many wonderful benefits of potted plants and to ensure they’re happy in their new homes, we’re here to offer answers to some commonly asked questions about potted plants.\nWhich plants make good beginner plants and how do I look after them?\n- Prayer plant – thrives in bright locations where it can receive indirect sunlight, all it needs is a weekly mist and weekly water (to ensure the soil is moist). In the winter the prayer plant should be watered less regularly. This is a pet-friendly plant.\n- Fishbone cactus – enjoys bright light but do not place on a windowsill where it might get too much direct light as the Fishbone Cactus needs indirect sunlight. The fishbone cactus plant is a low maintenance plant and is forgiving when there’s been unintentional neglect. Should its stems become really long, feel free to prune them, as new stems will sprout from wherever you’ve cut it and this will make the plant look thicker and healthier. Water this plant semi-regularly in the summer months but do allow it to dry in-between watering sessions. This plant is pet-friendly.\n- Kentia palm – sits happily in low-light and is simple to care for. Mist the Kentia palm weekly and wipe leaves when they become dusty with a damp cloth to allow its pores to breathe. This plant looks great in corridors, bedrooms and living rooms and can grow to 3m tall. The Kentia palm is pet-friendly.\n- Snake plant – an extremely hardy houseplant that requires very little attention. The Snake plant is great for improving air quality and looks great anywhere in the home as they are tolerant of low light levels but are happiest in indirect sunlight. Never water if the top layer of the soil is damp, wait until it is dry before watering again, as you don’t want to over-water the snake plant. This plant is toxic to pets but is only a problem if they like to nibble at plants, otherwise, both can live in harmony.\n- Aloe Vera – needs bright light, so place on the windowsill where it can bask in the glorious sunshine. Aloe Vera is easy to care for and pruning is not required, do not over-water, make sure the soil is dry before watering again. If you watered the plant and it is still wet the next day, make sure you drain the excess water and allow it to dry. This healing plant is, in fact, toxic to pets, so be sure to keep it away from nibblers or choose a pet-friendly house plant.\nHow do I choose the right pot for my plant?\n- Drainage is paramount when it comes to potted plants as this allows water to drain through and out of the soil when there’s too much. Plant pots without drainage holes will trap excess water and cause the plant to drown or develop root rot. If this is happening your plant will start to wilt and droop, and the soil will be moist to touch.\n- Space is important in a plant pot as the plant will need enough room to grow. When a plant’s roots are unable to stretch and spread throughout the soil, you will end up with a top-heavy plant and its roots will be unable to hold the foliage that sits above the soil’s surface.\nHow do I choose the right potting mix/soil for my plant?\nAlways buy potting soil from your local garden centre. Potting soil has a nice loose and light consistency that allows the plant’s roots to spread and anchor down into fresh new territory. Potting mixture usually consists of peat moss, vermiculite and organic matter, which is ideal for most house plants. However, if you’re looking to re-pot cacti or succulents, you’ll want to use their very own cacti or succulent focussed soil.\nTop tip: never use soil from your garden, as it’s likely to be contaminated with weed seeds, insects and even fungal disease.\nHow do I feed potted plants?\nPotted plants require additional fertilising, so if you want thriving, lush green plants, be sure to feed them liquid fertiliser once a month in line with whatever the label of your chosen houseplant feed suggests. For example, Baby Bio suggests that 5-10 drops of feed needs to be mixed with half a litre of water to make for the optimal solution. When watering your plants be sure to think about its size and water appropriately – do not be tempted to over-water.\nFeel inspired to branch out to outdoor gardening? Contact R&J Landscapes. We have decades worth of experience and a plethora of completed projects under our belts, which means we’re able to bring any landscaping project to life. Simply call our friendly team and let’s get you pencilled in.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rounded and sweet with milky caramel, toffee and chocolate notes, creamy mouthfeel, full body and low in acidity with a long aftertaste.\n680฿ – 2,520฿\n- Country: El Salvador\n- Region: Santa Ana/ Canton Potrero Grande Bajo.\n- Farm: Santa Rosa\n- Owner: The Pacas Family.\n- Processing: Fully Washed.\n- Altitude: 1,857+ meters above sea level.\n- Varietal: 100% Bourbon\nThis 100% Bourbon lot hails from Finca Santa Rosa, owned by the Pacas family. The Pacas family is one of the oldest and most prominent coffee farming families in El Salvador. They have a stellar reputation not only as producers of coffee but as some of the most socially conscious employers in the country.\nThe Pacas legacy began in the 1800s when Jose Rosa Pacas decided to explore the world of coffee. He purchased land high in the Apaneca-Ilamatepec mountain range and planted Bourbon trees. During the mid 1900s, his son, Fernando Alberto Pacas Figueroa, picked up the baton, earning for himself a reputation as an unparalleled grower of coffee. He was particularly known for experimenting with farming methods to increase productivity. His most important achievement was discovering a new coffee variety on one of his farms: what we know today as the ‘Pacas’ variety.\nAlfredo has passed this heritage and a love for coffee farming to his children – Alfredo and Maria – who bring an energy and modern approach to coffee production that is passionate and quality focused. They have a clear vision for the specialty coffee sector in El Salvador: specifically, their own farms. They continuously push the boundaries to improve quality, mixing traditional best practice (like using the agobio method of pruning, implementing careful soil and shade management, & use of older varietals) with cutting edge quality control systems and techniques. Management and record keeping from harvest to harvest are notable for their stringency and scientific approach.\nThe family has decided to focus on high quality varietals such as Pacas, Pacamara and Bourbon. All these varieties grow under a protective canopy of shade, made up of indigenous tree varieties such as the leguminous balsam and Ingas. These trees are chosen for their heavy leaf fall, which provides a rich, natural mulch that both inhibits undergrowth and fertilises the trees. The farm is also home to many different animals including squirrels, armadillos, wild cats and quails.\nCoffee from Santa Rosa is hand-picked only when perfectly ripe and is delivered to the Pacas’ family wet mill, Vivagua, on the same day that it is picked. The coffee is then floated, pulped to remove the skin and then left to ferment in tanks for 2 to 3 hours. During this time, around 30% of the mucilage is loosened from the parchment.\nFollowing this brief fermentation, the coffee is rinsed in clean water and then spread on patios to dry in the sun, where it is turned regularly to ensure even drying. When the coffee reaches 11% humidity, it is bagged and then moved to the warehouse, where it is rested until ready to dry mill. This results in an excellent cup, creamy and sweet with notes of milky caramel, toffee and chocolate.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Improved production practices assist.\nNovember 13, 2007 By Top Crop Manager\nRising fuel costs can take a chunk out of a farm's bottom line. Fortunately,\nthere are a number of ways to plan for next season with fuel economy in mind\n– that will not compromise your crop success. It is a combination of efficiently\nmanaging inputs and cropping practices that will yield optimal returns.\nReducing tillage, maintaining equipment, utilizing a good crop rotation, choosing\nthe right genetics and managing nutrients are all part of the solution. \"Obtaining\non-farm fuel efficiency is dependent on the total operation,\" explains\nDavid Townsend, technical services manager for NK Brand Seeds. \"It starts\nwith how growers prepare and plant their fields.\"\nFewer passes save fuel, but don't decrease seedbed\nSeedbed preparation and planting can have a great impact on fuel efficiency,\nbut it can also influence yield. \"With increasing fuel costs we're starting\nto see growers decrease corn acres or alter their soil management practices\nto save input costs,\" says Townsend. \"They may be tempted to make\nthe least amount of passes required to grow the crop, but growers need to ensure\nthey are maintaining a level of seedbed preparation to achieve proper seed-to-soil\ncontact at planting. They also need to be careful to seed into soil at the recommended\nmoisture and temperature.\" Sacrificing optimal seedbed quality – required\nfor a quick, healthy emergence – could end up costing growers more in final\nyield than what is gained by reducing early season fuel use.\nImproving fuel efficiencies during seedbed preparation and planting is best\nachieved through reduced-tillage or no-till methods that limit equipment passes\nacross a field. Adam Hayes, soil management and field crops specialist with\nthe Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, cautions against cutting\ncorners. \"If growers are reducing tillage they should ensure their planter\nis set up properly,\" he says. \"The planter or drill should be able\nto handle the extra residue to achieve good seed-to-soil contact. Row width\nis another consideration: a narrower row-width will encourage quicker crop establishment\nand ground cover. This will help the crop better compete with weeds, have a\nbeneficial impact on herbicide input costs and produce greater yields over the\nMinimizing the number of tillage passes over a field will have a direct impact\non reducing the amount of fuel being used. \"No-till systems, for example,\nuse about 40 to 60 percent less fuel than a conventional tillage system,\"\nsays Hayes. Even if growers use conventional tillage, they can still save by\nusing a more fuel efficient implement. \"A mouldboard plough takes quite\na bit of fuel and doesn't work a very wide area. On the other hand, a chisel\nplough requires less fuel, tills a wider area and can travel faster. The result\nis growers will get more acres tilled per hour to increase efficiency,\"\nadds Hayes. Depending on soil type, shallower tillage – four inches rather\nthan eight – may provide sufficient seedbed preparation while also increasing\nKeeping all equipment on a regular maintenance schedule is one more recommendation\nto keep implements operating at peak fuel efficiency.\nAn effective rotation and good seed choices help improve\nAccording to Hayes, having a good crop rotation is also key to fuel economy.\n\"If growers seed continuous corn they will use a lot more fuel and inputs\nthan a corn-soybean-wheat rotation, or a rotation that includes alfalfa or a\nhay crop,\" explains Hayes. \"In a multiple crop rotation some crops\nwon't require as much tillage to get the seedbed ready and growers can make\nuse of nitrogen-fixing crops to reduce nitrogen inputs.\"\nGood seed decisions will also influence on-farm fuel efficiency by generating\nmaximum yields and limiting the need for grain drying. Townsend says there is\na potential to save significantly on grain drying costs by selecting varieties\nwith appropriate maturities for the area. In preparation for variability in\nweather conditions, however, he also recommends growers spread their risk by\nplanting a 20-60-20 ratio of short-day, mid-day and long-day maturing varieties\n\"Spreading risk with this type of maturity ratio will help growers reduce\ntheir chances of having significant drying costs at harvest. But it's important\nnot to shorten maturity days too much and risk losing more on average yield\nthan the cost of drying,\" explains Townsend. Ensuring dryers are well maintained\nwill also help achieve optimal fuel efficiencies. If growers are using an old\ndryer they may want to consider comparing their per tonne drying costs with\nan off-farm elevator and outsourcing their grain drying if it is more economical\nfor their operation.\nStrategic use of nitrogen helps optimize input costs\nWith the cost of fertilizer nitrogen also on the rise, more efficient use of\non-farm manure, nitrogen fixing crops and cover crops will help growers improve\noverall farm costs. Following recommendations for regular soil testing and manure\nnitrogen analysis will help growers identify exactly what nitrogen they have\nat their disposal and how much more will be required, allowing them to avoid\nover-applying nutrients. To make the most efficient use of manure or fertilizer\nnitrogen, Townsend recommends customizing application rates on a field-by-field\nbasis according to needs and productivity. \"Seeding high value crops with\nthe required amount of manure or fertilizer nitrogen on the most productive\nfields will also help growers achieve the greatest yield return on their investment,\"\nTownsend and Hayes agree that achieving greater fuel efficiency relies on improving\npractices of a total operation. And those benefits can be much broader than\njust reducing input costs. \"Greater fuel and nitrogen efficiency will have\na compounding affect in an operation,\" says Hayes. \"For example, there\nis potential for growers to save time in the field, minimize equipment use and\nrepairs and achieve better environmental stewardship to maintain soil life and", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "George Washington Carver maintained a greenhouse at Tuskegee Institute, where he taught and conducted research from 1896 until his death in 1943. Edited audio file, for full version contact Tuskegee Archives at email@example.com.\n- Date Created: Unknown\n- Date Digitized: 07-21-2021 by Lesa Redmond\n- Creator: George Washington Carver\n- Subject: agriculture; Tuskegee University\n- Format: mp4\n- Source: reel to reel\n- Rights: Tuskegee University Archives", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Landscaping and Horticulture\nThe Landscaping & Horticulture program at Franklin County Technical School is designed to provide a diverse education in the agricultural field. Students are instructed in safety and are able to use tractors, loaders, forklifts, and chainsaws, as well as the numerous turf management equipment available. The Plants Science portion of the program includes soil science, plant identification, entomology, plant physiology, environmental control, bedding plant production, greenhouse operations, propagation, arboriculture, and integrated pest management. The technology part of the curriculum involves aquaculture/hydroponics, hydraulics, and equipment safety, maintenance, and operation. Students have the opportunity to study for the Massachusetts Hydraulics Engineer License, the Massachusetts Licensed Pesticides Applicator’s exams and to participate in the FFA Chapter where they can compete in various career development events.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NFU Education is launching its Farmers for Schools programme and is searching for farmer ambassadors who can provide the UK’s teenagers with first-hand experiences about food production and career opportunities within farming.\nThis programme will be an extension of the NFU’s work in primary schools, with previous programmes such as the Farmvention challenge and Farming STEMterprise project.\nLuke Abblitt, a current NFU Farmers for Schools ambassador, said: “I truly believe that children need to learn where their food comes from, and who is better to explain this than the farmers and growers producing it? I’ve done school talks in the past and have been concerned by how removed students are from the way food is produced and its role in nature. The Farmers for Schools programme is so important in bridging this knowledge gap.”\nNFU President Minette Batters added: “This is an exciting programme that will give farmers the opportunity to pass on their knowledge and expertise to the next generation, as well as talking about farming’s vital role in producing food for the nation and the role it plays in caring for the environment. “", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cloudy and rainy days with chance of thunderstorms towards the end of the week. Overnight temperatures are ranging between 14 to 18 degrees. Daily temperatures are ranging between 21 to 28 degrees.\nCurrently we are not harvesting.\nWe’ve completed planting patch 2 as per schedule. Thankfully, this week we have had a few days of rain which is helping the plants and breaking down our cover crops.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The long type stainless steel plucking shears are a best-selling product for professionals and beginners alike.\nThis best-selling professional harvesting scissors has a narrow cutting edge, making it suitable for a wide range of needs, including vegetable harvesting and fruit picking.\n~Example of use～\n・Picking apples and other fruit, use in full-scale orchards\n・Harvesting and pruning of home-grown vegetables and flowers\nThe blade is made of high-quality steel, quenched (heat-treated) to increase toughness and hardness, and finished with superior polishing techniques.\nThe sharpness of the blade all the way to the tip enables cutting of fine details and harvesting of fruits and vegetables without damaging them.\nThe blade is stainless steel, so it is resistant to rust, and its size makes it easy to hold, lightweight, and easy to use, making it a good choice for beginners.\nARS Fruit Picking Scissors, Long Type, Stainless Steel 300L-DX-BP Product Details\n|Trade (brand) name||Fruit picking shears, long type, stainless steel\n(in blister pack)\n|Product model number||HP-300LDX|\n|Length of a blade||46mm|\n|Portion of a handle||Sheet metal|\n|Portion of a handle||Vinyl-coated grip|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Baseball Field Conditions\nUpdates posted by 3:30 M-F\nWelcome to the 2023 Season!\nUpdated on 5/26/23 All fields are OPEN!!\nFriendly reminder: When it is raining out and the fields are so wet that your cleats leave mud prints, please DO NOT play on the field. This will cause the fields to be closed longer due to the time it will take for the grounds crew to repair the damage.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LSU AgCenter Horticulturist\nIt's blueberry harvest season. Blueberries are packed with important nutrients, including vitamins and ascorbic acid. They’re also a superior source of antioxidants such as anthocyanins, procyanidins, chlorogenic acid and various flavonoid compounds.\nAnthocyanin, the main antioxidant in blueberries, is linked with a myriad of health benefits. It boasts cancer-fighting properties, supports eye health, possesses antidiabetic effects and helps in reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Simply put, integrating blueberries into your diet can be a delicious way to bolster your health, and planting them can beautify your landscape.\nAmong the varieties thriving in Louisiana, the rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum or V. ashei) stands out. This deciduous shrub is native to the southeastern United States and has earned the title of a Louisiana Super Plant for its excellent performance in gardens, landscapes and even containers. It’s named for the pink hue of its fruit before ripening, which is reminiscent of an albino rabbit's eye.\nRabbiteye blueberries are not only valued for their fruit but also for their aesthetic appeal. With delicate blue-green foliage that turns vibrant red and orange in fall and white, umbrella-shaped flowers in spring, they enhance any landscape.\nRabbiteye blueberries, like all blueberries, require acidic soils (pH 4.2 to 5.5) and thrive in USDA hardiness zones 8 to 10. They need at least six to eight hours of full sun daily for optimal fruit production. These bushes can grow up to 8 feet tall and should be planted 4 to 6 feet apart during their dormant phase in fall or winter. For best results, especially in areas with heavy soils, they should be grown in raised beds to ensure well-drained conditions and adequate moisture during dry periods.\nCross-pollination is key to their productivity, so planting at least two to three varieties together is recommended. While rabbiteye blueberries have few major pests, proper fertilization and pruning are essential to maintain health and yield. Pruning helps manage bush size and encourages new growth, ensuring the fruit stays within easy reach.\nPruning is necessary to remove old or dead wood, thin out dense areas and shape the plant. It encourages healthy growth and fruit production. While some blueberries are bred for disease resistance, they can still be susceptible to pests and diseases common in warmer climates such as root rot and fungal infections. Integrated pest management strategies can help minimize these issues.\nWhen selecting a blueberry variety for Louisiana, consider the chilling requirement and ripening time. Traditional varieties like Premier, Climax, Brightwell, Tifblue and Powderblue are well-suited to most areas. Newer varieties like Alapaha, Ira, Onslow, Ochlockonee and DeSoto also show promise. For the southernmost parts of Louisiana where chill hours may be limited, the Prince variety, with one of the lowest chill hour requirements and early-season fruiting, is an excellent choice.\nSouthern highbush blueberries are another group of blueberry varieties that are particularly suited to growth in the South. They are hybrids developed by crossing Northern highbush varieties with native Southern species to produce plants that can thrive in warmer climates and have a low chill hour requirement. Chill hours are the number of hours below 45 degrees Fahrenheit that occur during the winter, essential for the dormancy and flowering of many temperate fruit plants.\nSouthern highbush blueberries require fewer chill hours than their Northern highbush counterparts, making them suitable for regions with mild winters. They tend to bear fruit earlier in the season, which can be advantageous for markets looking for early produce. These varieties are more tolerant of high temperatures and humidity, key traits for successful growth in Southern climates.\nThere's a wide range of Southern highbush varieties, each with specific qualities such as size, taste and yield. The plants can vary in size but generally are medium to large, with some reaching up to 6 feet tall. They have an attractive bushy appearance that can also serve as a landscape feature.\nLSU AgCenter horticulturist Kiki Fontenot has explored Southern highbush blueberries for their early market potential. They are distinct from the traditional rabbiteye varieties common in Louisiana. She has been evaluating 10 varieties that are evergreen, don’t shed leaves annually and bear fruit earlier, often by March.\nThree cultivars that have zero chill hour requirements are Atlas blue, Bianca blue and Jupiter blue. In the first couple of years of observation, Fontenot noted that although these are favored for their zero chill hours, they are not as high yielding as other varieties.\nShe mentioned that Endura and Arcadia were among the top performers in terms of yield and quality. Additionally, she highlighted Snowchaser as a variety known for its cold hardiness. The final group of varieties she evaluated, which included Ventura, Star, Kestrel and Jewel, were all noted for their good production levels.\nIntegrating blueberries into landscapes supports both aesthetic enjoyment and health benefits. Resources such as www.pickyourown.org/LA.htm provide information on finding or growing fresh blueberries in Louisiana, celebrating the season's bounty and the versatile appeal of blueberries in home gardening.\nIntegrating blueberries into landscapes supports both aesthetic enjoyment and health benefits. Photo by Heather Kirk-Ballard/LSU AgCenter\nSouthern highbush blueberries, needing fewer chill hours, are ideal for mild winters and bear fruit earlier in the season. Photo by Heather Kirk-Ballard/LSU AgCenter\nWith delicate, blue-green foliage that turns vibrant red and orange in fall and white, umbrella-shaped flowers in spring, blueberries enhance any landscape. Photo by Heather Kirk-Ballard/LSU AgCenter", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reducing the risk of frost damage to short-season crops\nScientists are working to understand what controls flowering time and maturity in soybean productionMADISON, WI, JUNE 23, 2003 – Scientists from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada are investigating the importance of flowering and how to control it. Early flowering and maturity reduces the risk of frost damage and this is an important variety trait for soybeans grown in areas with short growing seasons.\nFlowering time in soybeans is controlled by day length. Soybean plants will flower early during short days and will flower late during the long days of summer. Previous research has indicated that early flowering was the default condition when a plant either has no late flowering genes or is grown in short days. Late flowering occurs when late flowering genes are present in a plant and when they are activated by long days.\nFor this study, conducted from 2000-2002, scientists grafted soybean plants using a combination of early and late flowering plants and grew them under long days. Early flowering shoots flowered early regardless of the rootstock. This early flowering was seen even if the shoots were defoliated. Early flowering rootstocks speeded the flowering of grafted late flowering shoots. The full results of the study are published in the May/June issue of Crop Science.\n\"It was surprising to find that early flowering was a much more active process than we initially predicted. Early flowering grafts remained early flowering when grafted to late flowering rootstocks even when we removed the leaves. It appears whatever promotes flowering might be sensed in small, developing leaves or even buds. The control of flowering time in soybeans is complex and still is not well understood,\" said Elroy Cober, project leader.\nFor soybean producers on the northern fringe of Canada, early flowering and maturity are of primary importance. Further research into what controls early flowering will assist in the development of cultivars reliably adapted to these short growing seasons.\nAmerican Society of Agronomy. June 2003.\nrating: 0.00 from 0 votes | updated on: 20 Jul 2008 | views: 872 |", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Soil is among the resources on the farm in animal creation and even in harvest. Unless of course farmers take care of the dirt, pasture and their crops can’t provide them the returns and income. The problem is that even though every farmer wants to find the highest yield potential, they forget that good harvest yields can only be accessed if they kept soil fertility through appropriate direction, which helps preserve the nutrient balance in the soil., all the main soil nutrients that are consumed by plants or lost through dirt erosion are substituted naturally hence preserving soil fertility. Organic farming lays the basis of soil fertility.\nThe usage of the diagram illustrates the significance of soil fertilization given in the first column. It’s clear that matter is an essential portion of the soil including control both composition, living micro-organisms and the construction of the land. The organic matter is utilized in farms, the better the soil becomes more. Since the matter helps increase the level and because of this fertility farmers who add organic matter will notice a gradual increase. If fertilizer have been used year after year, precisely the nutrients balance in precisely the dirt is interfered with, leading to a situation where you’ve more of one nutrient that blocks precisely the others from being taken up by plants, for instance, a lot of magnesium in the dirt can block the absorption of potassium whilst precisely the presence of more potassium can block precisely the release of magnesium to be used by plants in the same manner that excess nitrogen can block the access to potassium and copper to plants.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Student-designed \"paths\" could include courses on ecological agriculture, permaculture design, and/or the College's Practice of Organic Agriculture course which spans 3 quarters and has both an academic and on-farm component at the Evergreen State College Organic Farm. The course addresses practices in organic farming; running a farm business; and marketing food. One quarter explores \"organic food production systems using the three pillars of sustainability - economic, environmental, and social justice.\" The Evergreen College also has a permaculture site, demonstration site, compost facility, and a biodiesel generation project.\nEvergreen State College\nStudents can explore organic and sustainable agriculture, agroecology and environmental sciences at the 25-acre Evergreen State College's Organic Farm. The Organic Farm's Sustainable Agriculture Lab is a hands-on training facility. The farm includes a food-grade laboratory, the student-designed and built Organic Farmhouse, and the student-run Demeter's permaculture demonstration site and Community Gardens. A Community Supported Agriculture program and community-based activities also are available.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic horticulture may be loads of fun Advanced Nutrients Big Mike, and there are so many ways one can improve upon their techniques. So whether you will need more solutions to help the garden grow better, or maybe if you just need a method overhaul, check out the information that are highlighted below.\nRun your fingernails across a bar of soap before you go out to weed or plant with your garden. The soap that collected under your nails prevents the assortment of dirt as you work. Afterward Advanced Nutrients, a straightforward scrub using a nail brush will get rid of the soap leaving both your hands clean, with much less effort.\nPlan your gardening accordingly on the weather. Living in a area where the ground freezes through the winter Advanced Nutrients\n, tend not to plant anything before frost is predicted. If you reside inside a warmer area, take a break in the warmest months of summer in order to avoid wasting a lot of water.\nUse water efficiently as you can. Probably the most precious resources in the world today is freshwater. It just should not be wasted, so using mulch and soaker hoses are a reliable strategy to minimize the impact of your garden about the water supply. Consider developing a rain barrel close to the garden to capture and save rainwater to get a minimal impact garden.\nKeep considering horticulture by trying something totally new annually. While well tested favorites will invariably be a part of your garden, reserve a part for something totally new and exciting to help keep interest. Remember that some testing is going to be required because one crop which will be a flop in the fall, could be an excellent crop early in the year.\nWhen fall arrives, it's a chance to plant your autumn vegetables. Rather than using clay pots or planters to your lettuce and kale, plant them in a pumpkin! Cut an opening from the pumpkin and scoop the insides out. Then spray the edges and empty inside the pumpkin with Wilt-Pruf and so the pumpkin doesn't rot. If you finish this, it is possible to plant!\nTo create birds stay away from the produce you're growing inside your garden, tie mylar balloons near your plants. These will scare away the birds whilst keeping your fruit and veggies safe until you're ready to pick them. Silver balloons or balloons that sparkle in the sun make especially effective bird repellents.\nDo not give a garden too much fertilizer. Providing fertilizer for your plants enables them to better make food from sunlight. A lot of fertilizer, however, can cause your plant to grow too quickly, which prevents it from fruiting or flowering. Any additional chemicals left with your soil can wash away and pollute the neighborhood ground water.\nAs you can see from your above selection of tips, organic gardening can be quite useful in having the best and freshest produce possible from your plants. After following the following tips, you will no longer be new to everyone of organic gardening, however you can become an organic horticulture expert.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "MADHYA PRADESH AGRICULTURE MINISTER DR. RAMAKRISHNA KUSMARIYA’S STATEMENT\nThe MP Agriculture Minister has noted that a Kisan Swaraj Yatra has set off from Sabarmati Ashram to draw attention to the deep crisis that our farming community is mired in. The Minister also believes that this is indeed another independence struggle, given that our agriculture is going into the hands of multi-national corporations which seek monopolies and control over our food and farming systems, raising questions on our food and seed sovereignty.\nIt is true that the crisis of farmers is not the crisis of just farmers but of the entire nation. Consumers are ending up consuming toxic food today because of the agricultural technologies that we have introduced in the name of “modern agriculture”. This is having impact on the health of our entire society. Our very productive resources are getting eroded or contaminated, whether it is soil or water.\nIn this context, the MP Agriculture Ministry also believes, like the ones who have organized the Kisan Swaraj Yatra, that ecological farming is the only “rambaan ilaaj”. Therefore, the agriculture ministry will be announcing an Organic Farming Policy very soon, where resources and institutional mechanisms will be set up soon to take the message of organic farming to all farmers of the state. MP will show the way to the rest of the country on how to save farmers and their farming.\n“Being a farmer I personally feel that GM Seeds does not suit with Indian agriculture and farmers of country and state. GM Seeds will jeopardize our biodiversity and our poor farmers will dependent on MNCs for their seed need. In many areas of country farmers are shifting to their traditional improved varieties instead of GM Varieties. For this reason, I believe that enacting a state level legislation against GM seeds is very important. I also oppose current state of legislations like the Seeds Bill and the BRAI Bill as proposed by the Central government. All such legislations should have the main mandate of protecting the interests of farmers.\nWe also think that protecting the resources of farmers – land and water is important and this is something that the Kisan Swaraj Yatra is also seeking. We endorse this too.\nWe believe that the crisis of farmers has to be addressed since this is a great ethical issue in front of all of us. There is no time to be lost and I congratulate the organizers of this Yatra for taking up the issue of farmers in this country”.\nDR. RAMAKRISHNA KUSMARIYA’S\nMinister – Farmer’s Welfare & Agriculture Development, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ong the few summer annuals that grow equally well in sun or semi-shade. Plants make a compact, upright bush of eight to twelve inches in height. The pale violet flowers have deep purple blotches on the lower petals with yellow inside. The cool colors are a welcome relief during the heat of summer. Flowers bloom throughout the summer and autumn, and make good companions for hostas, ferns and impatiens.\nTorenia needs a warm climate and well-drained, compost-enriched soil. Because the seeds are very tiny and slow-growing, it's best to start them indoors ten weeks before the last expected frost. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and water from the bottom to avoid dislodging the seeds. Transplant the seedlings outdoors at six to eight inch intervals when they are large enough to handle.\nKeep the plants well watered, especially in hot, windy weather, but be careful not leave the plants standing in water. Apply soluble plant food regularly to help maintain growth throughout the long flowering period. Watch for slugs. Deadheading is not necessary, and the seedheads are quite attractive. Plants will sometimes self-seed, so watch for the tiny, fragile seedlings in the spring.\nfull sun or Semi-shade\n- Flower Color\n- Bloom Time\nsummer and autumn\n- Soil Requirements\nwell drained, compost enriched\ndoes poorly in cold climates\nedging, rock gardens, border, pots\n- Candytuft (Iberis umbellata)\n- Germinate Mexican Petunia Seeds\n- Installing Gazebo Support Beams\n- Are Chinese Palm Plants Poisonous to Cats?\n- Cleome or Spider Flower\n- Garden Edging Ideas\n- The Average Size of the Venus Fly Trap\n- Care for Calibrachoa\n- Are Dahlias Annual or Perennials?\n- Is Sedum a Cat Safe Plant?\n- Thunbergia or Clock Vine\n- Grow an Ornamental Sweet Potato Vine", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Hindi news\n- Drizzle is occurring in the district, maximum rainfall in Gulabganj Tehsil in last 24 hours.\nVidisha7 hours ago\n- copy link\nRainy season has started again in Vidisha. After two weeks it has started raining since last day. Today, the period of drizzle continues. At the same time, the Meteorological Department has expressed the possibility of heavy rains.\nIt has not rained in Vidisha for the last 15 days. Because of that the temperature increased. People were bothered by the heat and humidity. At the same time, the lack of rain also affected the harvests. Crops were drying up and outbreaks of pests had increased. Because of which the peasants were very upset. People had prayed to God for good rain. Farmers breathed a sigh of relief when the rains started on Tuesday. The harvest stood up because of the rain.\nAccording to information from the Land Records Branch, 129.4 mm of rainfall has been recorded in Vidisha tehsil in the last 24 hours. While maximum rainfall occurred in Gulabganj tehsil, there was no rainfall in Shamshabad, Pathari and Sironj. 28.0 mm rainfall has occurred in Vidisha tehsil, 13.0 mm in Nataran tehsil, 50 mm in Gulabganj tehsil, 3.0 mm in Lateri tehsil, 10.0 mm in Gyaraspur tehsil, 6.0 mm in Basoda tehsil and 19 .4 mm in Kurwai.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Application of liquid bio-fertilizer reduced the need of chemical fertilizer in black galingale (Kaempferia parviflora) production\nShinto, W. Ardhi\nMetadataShow full item record\nKaempferia parviflora Wall ex. Baker (black galingale) is a medicinal plant which has high potential to be developed in Indonesia as medicinal products. Thus, in order to develop appropriate standard operasional procedure in K parviflora cultivation, this research was conducted to study the effect of biofertilizer applicationon late-vegetative growth and yield of rhizome. The experiment was arranged in Randomize Completely Block Design (RCBD), where the treatment were Control (0 L ha-1 of bio-fertilizer and 100% of chemical fertilizer), D1 (15 L ha-1 of bio-fertilizer and 50% of chemical fertilizer), D2 (22.5 L ha-1 of bio-fertilizer and 50% of chemical fertilizer), and D3 (30 L ha-1 of biofertilizer and 50% of chemical fertilizer). The 100% chemical fertilizer application were consisted 300 kg ha-1 urea, 250 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 250 kg ha-1 KCl. The block of the experimental design was based on the shading position of raised bed and difference of sun-lighting time. The result showed that application of 15 L ha-1 of bio-fertilizer and 50% of chemical fertilizer resulted in the best late-vegetative growth (i.e. plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf area) of K. parviflora up to 29 week after planting (WAP). Moreover, application of 50% of chemical fertilizer with various rate of bio-fertilizer resulted in similar rhizome yield compared to those planted with 100% of chemical fertilizer. Thus, application of bio-fertilizer can be recommended to be applied in K. parviflora cultivation since it could reduce the usage of chemical fertilizer (urea, SP 36, and KCl) up to 50%. The potencial productivity from each treatment range from 4.38 to 8.19 ton ha-1. The result also imply that the usage of bio-fertilizer could suppress disease severity of root-knot caused by nematode in the field.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We offer general garden maintenance:\n- Lawn mowing\n- Lawn treatments\n- Fertiliser applications\n- Hedge and Edge trimming\n- Turf laying\nThis is not a complete list of our services so please do get in touch. We also offer specialist Estate, horse paddock and large area spraying services with fully licensed operators and modern spraying machinery\nWe have a selection of nozzles for the spray boom and can also have an electro broadcaster which we can mount on the ATV for over seeding, fertilising and seeding large areas accurately.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gallagher Retractable Auto Reel Tape - 15 m terra\nThis set with 15 m of pasture fence tape makes it very easy to create a passage in the fence or a drive aisle. Thanks to the strong spring in the housing, the tape automatically rolls up again when you open the gate. This has the great advantage that the conductor material no longer drags on the ground. The gate pulley set is very easy to install and comes with a mounting bracket and a soft grip gate handle.\nThe installation is very simple: Screw the goal roll directly to the wooden post or the wall using the enclosed fastening bracket. On the opposite side, you only need to mount a gate handle insulator (available separately), into which you hang the gate handle of the Gallagher gate roller - done!\nThe integrated pasture fence tape ensures maximum herding safety.\nArea of application of the Gallagher gate roller:\n- For paddocks, partitions and gate passages.\n- The ideal gate system - can be electrified\n- Suitable for all animal species\n- Quick and easy realisation of a gate in your pasture fence\n- Automatically rolls out and in over a maximum length of 15 m\n- Easy to hook into the gate handle insulator with the enclosed gate handle\n- Includes mounting bracket for installation on a wooden post\n- Simple mounting", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "It’s unmistakably harvest time! Whether you are looking for a step-by-step DVD, the best grilling and barbecuing techniques, recipes for all the great Fall raspberries or what to do with all the great greens - we have the right book for you.\nSave 25% when you purchase any of the titles below to help preserve the bounty of the season and nourish you over the winter months to come.\nHere at Chelsea Green we strive to produce books that will be a lasting resource. The books below are foundation books that will be trusted references on your bookshelf for years to come.\nHappy reading from the friendly folks at Chelsea Green Publishing.\nDaughter of Iowa farmers, Missouri homesteader, and mother of five, Diane Ott Whealy never anticipated that one day she would become a leader in a grass-roots movement to preserve our agricultural biodiversity.\nIn this moving memoir of a life spent saving seeds, the author tells the history of the of Seed Saver’s Exchange, now one of the largest non-governmental seed banks in the United States.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "US wheat markets fell 3pc overnight. Corn and oilseeds eased a little. The Australian currency gained 1pc.\n- Chicago wheat March 2023 contract down US 21.5 cents per bushel to 720c/bu;\n- Kansas wheat March 2023 contract down 29c/bu at 819c/bu;\n- Minneapolis wheat March 2023 contract down 25c/bu to 887.75c/bu;\n- MATIF wheat March 2023 contract down €5.50/t to €279.25/t;\n- Black Sea wheat March 2023 contract down US$1.75/t to $306.75/t;\n- Corn March 2023 contract down 10c/bu to 666.25c/bu;\n- Soybeans March 2023 contract down 16.25c/bu to 1490.25c/bu;\n- Winnipeg canola March 2023 contract down C$6.20/t to $806.70/t;\n- MATIF rapeseed February 2023 contract down €3.75/t to €529.25/t;\n- ASX Mar 2023 wheat contract unchanged at A$375/t;\n- ASX Mar 2023 barley contract unchanged at A$307.50/t;\n- AUD dollar gained 1pc to US$0.703.\nDry areas of Kansas and Colorado benefited from snow over the weekend and more precipitation is forecast for the Southern Plains this week. The next system is expected to bring relief to dry areas of Oklahoma and Texas.\nAccording to World Weather Inc Argentina received enough rain late last week and during the weekend to provide temporary improvements to topsoil moisture, though more will be needed to break the drought pattern. Argentina will receive more rains over the next week to 10 days, with rainfall this week expected to be greatest in the northwest. Brazil will continue to see mostly favourable weather, though some centre-south areas will remain too wet, and parts of Rio Grande do Sul will stay too dry.\nAccording to data from the Joint Coordination Centre, exports under the Black Sea Grain Initiative totalled about 893,874 tonnes in the week to 22 January (490,825 tonnes exported in previous week).\nAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) released first projections for 2023-24 production. Canola production is forecast at 18.5mmt (18.2mmt previous year) on a slight increase in planted area and assumed normal abandonment of crop area and trend yields. All wheat production forecast at 34.3mmt (33.8mmt previous year) due to an increase in planted area, supported by strong prices, with yields seen steady y/y. Barley production is forecast at 10Mt, the same as the previous year. Slightly lower yields are expected to be offset by higher sown area buoyed by high prices.\nThe EU’s Monitoring Agriculture Resources (MARS) January report notes that winter crops were in good condition across much of Europe, and so far, frost damage has been limited. Although, a rapid increase in temperatures toward the end of the year with record-breaking New Year’s Eve temperatures (locally surpassing +20 °C) in eastern France, Germany, Poland and the alpine regions initiated a de-hardening period and melted snowpack over agricultural areas. While winter cereals in Russia, the Baltic countries, and Scandinavia are still fully to almost fully hardened, those in most other parts of Europe are currently only partially hardened. This de-hardening process leads to a higher vulnerability in case of new cold spells. Moreover, alternating freeze/thaw cycles can damage plants, thus reducing their vigour and negatively affecting spring regrowth.\nReuters reports that Chinese importers bought five to six panamax cargoes (60,000 tonnes each) of French barley for shipment in the coming months. The latest sales were believed to have taken place in the past three weeks. The barley was thought to have been sold for livestock feed rather than malt production.\nLocal markets were flat yesterday with ASX wheat unchanged at AUD$375/mt. Prices were also flat on the boards on the east coast with Geelong APW1 a buck lower. The big falls in Chicago overnight and a stronger AUD are not likely to be a good combination for local markets today.\nAccording to ABS data we exported an impressive 829,745 tonnes of canola in November, the second highest monthly total on record. Germany was our biggest market taking 257,644t, followed by France with 185,570t and Belgium with 125,649t.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth, consisting of more than 50 species, some of which are cultivated for use as cereals, vegetables and ornamentals, and others of which are considered weeds. Amaranth grain is one of the most ancient forms of cultivated food. It is named from the Greek word amarantos which means ‘the never fading’. Amaranth has broad green leaves which are used in cooking and it produces bright flowers of purple, red or gold colors that maintain their vibrancy even after they are harvested and dried.\nAmaranth is a pseudocereal crop. Cereals are grasses while pseudo-cereals are non-grasses that are used in the same way as cereals. Amaranth is classified among the pseudo-cereals due to its content of saccharides (62%) which is slightly lower of that of common cereals but with a higher digestibility. Different from the other two pseudo-cereals, quinoa and buckwheat, it is not necessary to remove the seed coat of amaranth. Hence, the seed can be used directly in most cases.\nAmaranth grain is characterized by relative greater levels of proteins and lipids and lower starch contents than the major cereals (maize, rice and wheat). Amaranth grains contain high levels of nutritionally favorable proteins which have an amino acid composition close to the ideal protein. It has a digestibility score much higher than soy, milk and wheat. Amaranth also contains an unusual type of starch and high-quality oil. Due to the content of potential health-promoting compounds such as rutin and nicotiflorin and peptides with anticarcinogenic and antihypertensive activities, amaranth is considered as a ‘natural biopharmaceutical’ plant that could increase human health. For these reasons, amaranth has been attracting worldwide attention as a high potential new crop with multiple uses.\n[lgc_column grid=”50″ tablet_grid=”50″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]\n[lgc_column grid=”50″ tablet_grid=”50″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]\nTop 10 Health benefits of Amaranth\nA protein powerhouse\nThe nutritional value of pseudo-cereals is mainly due to their protein content and amaranth has higher protein content than buckwheat or quinoa. Amaranth contains 16-18% protein, compared with values of 14% or less in wheat and other cereals. Amaranth seed protein is especially noteworthy due to its excellent balance of essential amino acids that the human body cannot manufacture. Amaranth protein composition is near to the ideal protein according to FDA requirements for adults.\nIn particular, amaranth contains an unusually high percentage of the amino acid lysine, which is present only at low levels in wheat, corn and rice. Lysine is an essential amino acid that facilitates absorption of calcium and synthesis of collagen, elastin, hormones and antibodies in the human body. An adequate amount of lysine in our diet is important and you can increase your lysine intake by replacing normal grains with amaranth grains.\nGluten free grains\nIn contrast to most common grains, the proteins in amaranth are composed mainly of globulins and albumins, and contain very little or no storage prolamin protein, which is the major components of the gluten protein fraction. The prolamin proteins are the main storage proteins in cereals and also the toxic proteins in coeliac disease. For people with celiac disease, amaranth is a good choice of dietary grain source. Amaranth contains more protein than any other gluten-free grains.\nRich in minerals and vitamins\nAmaranth contains more than three times the average amount of calcium and is high in iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. Amaranth ranks the second in calcium content among all the grains, only lower than teff. One cup of raw teff contains 347 mg of calcium while amaranth contains 298 mg. In contrast, one cup of white rice only contains 52 mg of calcium. Amaranth is also a good source of magnesium. One cup of amaranth contains 519 mg of magnesium, followed by buckwheat and sorghum. In comparison, one cup of white rice only contains 46 mg of magnesium. Moreover, amaranth is the only grain contain vitamin C. It also contains a similar amount of vitamin E as the olive oil.\nHigh in dietary fiber\nAmaranth grain contains a high level of dietary fiber. One cup of raw amaranth contains 18 g of fiber as compared to the 2.4 g of fiber in an equal amount of white rice. More than 70% of amaranth’s fibers is insoluble. These fibers are non-digestible in our gastrointestinal tract and play an important role in stimulating bowel movement and eliminating constipation, bloating, cramping and even colon cancer.\nA good source of omega-3 fatty acids\nOn average, amaranth grains contain 6-8% oil. The oil of amaranth grain is characterized by a high degree of unsaturation so it is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Linoleic acid is the most abundant fatty acid in amaranth (more than 50%) followed by oleic acid (25%) and palmitic acid. Increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids is shown to be beneficial. It reduces the biomarkers associated with many degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and inflammation. Also, the current omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake is 14:1 to 20:1 in western countries which is far from the recommended 5:1 to 10:1 ratio. Hence, an increased intake of food high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as amaranth, is highly recommended.\nHealth blood pressure\nAmaranth contains peptides that inhibit the activity of angiotensin and lower blood pressure. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as well as in cardiovascular function. ACE generates the powerful vasoconstrictor that leads to the development of high blood pressure with its accompanying pathological symptoms. The anti-ACE activity of bioactive peptides of amaranth makes it a good natural cure for hypertension.\nAmaranth grain has been shown to effectively reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels in diabetic rats, which suggests that amaranth grain could be beneficial in the correction of hyperglycemia and prevent diabetic complications. Amaranth flour can be used to partially substitute wheat flour or other cereals and can make the low-GI diet more nutritious in terms of amino acid pattern and minerals.\nGreat for your heart\nAmaranth lowers blood cholesterol level and reduces the risk of the cardiovascular disorder. A study of USDA showed that the healthy oil in amaranth could significantly reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in chicken. Later studies found that it is the rich dietary source of plant sterols (phytosterols) of amaranth having the cholesterol-lowering properties. Phytosterols have a very similar structure to cholesterol but cannot be absorbed in the human intestine. It inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption thereby lowering plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.\nCalcium is crucial for bone health. Amaranth contains more than twice the calcium content of milk. Amaranth is also a good source of lysine which helps the body absorb calcium and reduce its lost in urine. Hence, eating amaranth could help prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Moreover, studies also suggested that the combined intake of lysine and arginine makes bone-building cells more active and enhances the production of collagen.\nAmaranth contains squalene, a natural anti-inflammatory substance. It is related to a number of bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, coenzyme-Q10 and Vitamin A, E, K. Researches have demonstrated that squalene and its related substances have significant roles in the management of inflammatory conditions and is efficient in terminating the inflammatory responses. In addition, amaranth oil, which contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and squalene, is also an effective natural antioxidant supplement which helps to reduce the inflammation.\nSide effect of eating too much Amaranth\nAmaranth has no known toxicities and is good for general consumption. However, it should not be eaten raw because it does contain certain natural anti-nutrients components, such as oxalates and nitrates, which can be eliminated by boiling and proper preparation. Precautions should be taken by people with special conditions:\nFor people with intolerance to lysinuric protein, eating amaranth may cause diarrhea and stomach pain. Moreover, another side effect of lysine increase body’s calcium absorption, and bring free, damage-causing amount of calcium in the body. So avoid taking large amounts of calcium and lysine at the same time.\nFor people with hypoglycemic concerns, eating too much amaranth could be potentially dangerous because of its ability to lower insulin levels. Care must be taken in this instance.\n10 fun facts of Amaranth\n- Amaranth was called ‘everlasting’ in Greek because of its flower buds retain vivid color even after drying.\n- The flower ‘Love Lies Bleeding’ is an amaranth species, Amaranthuscaudatus.\n- Amaranth is an ancient grain. It was a staple food for Aztecs 6000 to 8000 years ago.\n- Amaranth was used in various religious ceremonies in Aztecs culture. A deity’s image was created from a combination of amaranth grains and honey in many ceremonies. They were worshiped before being broken into pieces and distributed for people to eat. Annual grain tributes of amaranth to the Aztec emperor were roughly equal to corn tributes.\n- There are only three commercially important species out of the 60 species of amaranth. They are Amaranthuscruenus, Amaranthushypochondriacus, and Amaranthuscaudatus.\n- Amaranth leaves are nutritionally similar to spinach but are much superior because of its three times higher content of calcium and niacin.\n- Amaranth flowers are clusters of densely packed flowers which transform into large, heavy seed heads.\n- The leaves of amaranth are edible and used in Asian cuisine.\n- The seeds of amaranth are traditionally consumed with honey and sugar during Mexican’s festival ‘Day of the Dead’.\n- Not all amaranths are valuable. Some of them are called pigweed and area considered as weeds.\nFor every 100 g of cooked Amaranth grain, you will get the following macro- and micro-nutrients:\n|% Daily value|\n|Calories 102 kcal||5%|\n|From carbohydrate 75.6 kcal|\n|From fat 13.2 kcal|\n|From protein 13.2 kcal|\n|Total carbohydrate18.7 g||6%|\n|Protein 3.8 g||8%|\n|Total Fat 1.6 g||2%|\n|Cholesterol 0 mg||0%|\n|Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) 0.0 mg||0%|\n|Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.1 mg||6%|\n|Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.2 mg||34%|\n|Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.9 mg||1%|\n|Vitamin B6 0.1 mg||6%|\n|Vitamin B9 (Folate) 22.0 mcg||5%|\n|Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) ~||~|\n|Calcium 47.0 mg||5%|\n|Iron 2.1 mg||12%|\n|Magnesium 65.0 mg||16%|\n|Phosphorus 148 mg||15%|\n|Potassium 135 mg||4%|\n|Sodium 6.0 mg||0%|\n|Zinc 0.9 mg||6%|\n|Copper 0.1 mg||7%|\n|Selenium 5.5 mcg||8%|\nThe percent daily values are based on 2000 calorie diet\nAmaranth is native to South and Central America. It was a staple in the Aztec diet and used in religious rituals.It was cultivated on a large scale in Mexico and Central America until the early sixteenth century.Amaranth was a major crop for the pre-Columbian cultures in Latin America. The religious use of amaranth in Aztec culture was seen by the Spanish conquistadores as a dangerous imitation of the rituals of the Catholic Mass, and its cultivation was therefore prohibited and the cult was banned. Since then, levels of amaranth cultivation remain very low.\nAmaranth grain is now finding its way to baked goods and breakfast cereals in other parts of the world. It has recently come to be considered as a promising food crop owing to its resistance to stress and high potential for biomass and grain yield. It is cultivated as a minor crop in Central and South America and some areas of Asia and Africa. Beside Latin American countries, amaranth is now produced in the USA, India, Africa, China and Eastern Europe and Russia. The cultivation of amaranth to sue the grain or leaves as food has also become established in Africa and Nepal, and it is a re-emerging crop in Mexico. Since the 1980s, grain amaranth has been grown commercially in the USA with a fair degree of success. The largest production area of amaranth from 2001-2010 is China where it is harvested as swine food rather than for human use.\nIn many South American countries, amaranth is sold on the street as ‘popped amaranth’. In India, Mexico, Nepal and Peru, it is made into breakfast porridge. There is a Mexican confectionary snake called ‘algeria’ (means joy in Spanish) that is made from popped amaranth mixed with sugar and honey.\nGenerally, amaranth products are sold in speciality/organic food stores, in the health food section of grocery store, or through direct marketing. Cooking amaranth is simple: gently boil the grains with water for 15-20 minutes with occasional stirs. The cooked amaranth does not lose its crunchiness completely. It maintains the integrity outside and becomes soft inside.\nCommercial Amaranth Grain\nExplore More Grains\n- Durum Wheat: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Fun Facts, Nutrition Facts and History\n- Wheat: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Nutrition Facts, Fun Facts and History\n- Black Rice: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Fun Facts, Nutrition Facts and History", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "**IN STOCK IN STORE**\n**IN STORE PICK UP ONLY**\nAvailable in 1 Quart, 1 Gallon, or 5 Gallon containers. Calcium, magnesium, & iron.\nBOTANICARE CAL-MAG PLUS ™\n**IN STORE PICK UP ONLY!! PLEASE SELECT 'IN STORE PICKUP' AT CHECKOUT***\nCONTACTLESS/CURBSIDE PICK UP AVAILABLE. PLEASE CALL 838-4113 TO ARRANGE. CONFIRMATION EMAIL REQUIRED.\nCal-Mag® Plus provides a precise balance and optimal ratios of the calcium, magnesium, and iron that are critical throughout all stages of growth, especially in heavily fruiting plants and fast blooming annuals. Cal-Mag Plus is fortified with a proprietary blend of select trace minerals to help maximize yields in fruiting and flowering plant varieties, prevent blossom end rot in tomatoes and peppers, and reduce tip burn in lettuce. When used in combination with nutrient solutions Cal-Mag Plus functions as a catalyst to increase the uptake of essential minerals.\nN 2.0%, Ca 3.2%, Mg 1.2%, Fe 0.1%\nFor hydroponics, soil and container gardens:\n- Use with any crop (tomatoes, lettuce, peppers, fruit and flower bearing plants). Use with Botanicare Nutrients or preferred nutrient programs. Always use to supplement reverse osmosis water or when growing in coco coir.\n- Use with every watering as needed. Mix well and adjust pH accordingly.\n- Shake well before each use.\n- Add 1 tsp (5ml) per gallon of water, Mix well and adjust pH to 6.2-7.0 before application.\n- Can be used as a foliar spray to further enhance growth. 10-15 mls per gallon.\nAll returned items must be back to our location within 14 days of purchase. Items must be unopened and in its original packaging. Anything received after 14 business days will be denied.\n**We do not cover any shipping cost, customers are responsible for all shipping costs.**\n~Final Sale items\n~Returned items past the 14 day allotment", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The East Demerara Sugar Estate (Enmore) is way behind its production target for the first crop of 2017, and this could possibly result in a shortage of sugar on the local market.\nThis information was relayed by the Guyana Sugar Corporation (GuySuCo) to President of the Guyana Agricultural and General Workers Union (GAWU) Komal Chand, sometime last week.\n“There will be a shortage of sugar on the local market, because (at Enmore) they needed to produce 1200 tonnes of sugar from the time they closed the crop some days ago,” Chand disclosed.\nGAWU was, last week, asked to intervene to resolve a dispute between the workers and the management of GuySuCo, after management had closed the crop and wanted to restart it in the last week of May.\nThe workers had already made up their minds that the crop was closed, and therefore demanded that GuySuCo give them their out-of-crop benefit — holiday with a week’s pay. Although workers agreed to return to work, adverse weather conditions and the poor state of the dams along the cane fields served as major impediments to the estate’s target being met.\n“They will not be able to make the target to ensure that the local market is adequately supplied with sugar. They are far from realising it…there is a massive deficit at Enmore Estate,” Chand again emphasised.\nChand said the only estate that remains in operation at this time is Enmore, and its production as at April 22, 2017 stood at around 8000 tonnes of sugar. Thus, he said, the overall production across the sugar industry would be severely curtailed.\nAccordingly, GuySuCo’s first crop set target of approximately 74,000 tonnes of sugar may not be realised.\n“(GuySuCo’s first crop production) most likely would not surpass 50,000 tonnes. (It was) at 49,000 tonnes with only Enmore operating. Production will be significantly curtailed by over 24,000 tonnes. (GuySuCo) might just make 67 percent of the sugar production (target),” Chand explained.\nIt was revealed in early May that Uitvlugt Estate, located on the West Coast of Demerara (WCD), had missed its first crop production target by just over 1300 tonnes. This estate has reportedly produced 7031 tonnes of the projected 8339 tonnes of sugar, representing a shortfall of 1308 tonnes of the projected target.\nA number of factors were reportedly responsible for the estate’s shortfall in production, two of which were: rat damage to crops, and cane shortage to facilitate production. This publication learnt that much of the canes from several locations on the West Bank of Demerara (WBD) could not, in fact, go to Uitvlugt for processing.\nFinance Minister Winston Jordan, in his 2017 Budget presentation, had indicated that the status quo in the sugar industry could neither be sustained nor maintained. He explained that, as currently structured, the industry would require Government’s support to the tune of $18.6 billion for 2017 and $21.4 billion for 2018.\nHe elaborated that, based on the CoI, it was concluded that any money injected into the sugar industry in its current state was money wasted.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Land covers just over 29 per cent of the earth’s surface. But about two thirds of the land is too cold or too dry for farming. Of the remaining land, only one-third can be used for crops and the rest is grazing land. Will this be enough to feed the world’s population as it soars towards 10,000 million? Experts think that food yields can be increased in two main ways. First, scientists are producing new and more productive varieties of food crops. Second, farming can become more efficient if farmers use more modern mahinery and follow better farming techniques. In many developing countries, wooden hoes are often more common that metal ploughs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You Might be wondering why a banner on a vegetable farmers website, is a picture of a flower. The reason behind it, is that the Shooting Stars in the picture, were my Grandfathers favorite flower. He took me to the pasture with him when I was young, and pointed out all the different flowers. For my whole life, I have been passionate about plants and their place in our lives. Being a farmer, helps me to connect plants and the food they produce, to the people in my community. I'm blessed to be able to spend hours helping my family raise cattle and crops, and growing vegetables on our multi-generation family farm. Growing nutritious, and fresh, food for my plate, and yours, is what drives me to continue to grow and seek new ways to improve my farm. After my second year operating the CSA, I decided to take the leap and build a bigger greenhouse and that was the most rewarding decision I've made yet! Being able to start tomatoes in February, and eat fresh, vine ripened, beefsteak and cherry tomatoes all the way until the end of October, is an experience like no other, and I'm ecstatic when people tell me they love them as much as I do. I have an education in horticulture, and seven years experience operating this CSA. I've struggled with learning marketing, but have thrived on interacting with new customers. My family has been on this land for generations, and starting up the CSA was a way to allow me to continue to steward the land that has provided for us for so long. Educating the public about where their food comes from, and the process it takes to get that food on the plate, is extremely important to me. Meeting people who are as passionate about where their food comes from, as I am about growing that food, helps make a special connection. What started out as a simple lesson in native plants, has turned into a CSA that provides vegetables for up to 30 families in the Olds area every year. I'm not sure if that's what my Grandfather thought would happen, but I'm sure glad he pointed out those flowers, all those years ago.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "According to the latest report by IMARC Group, titled “Agricultural Adjuvant Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028”, the global agricultural adjuvant market reached a value of US$\n3.6 Billion in 2022. Agricultural adjuvants are agents that are used to enhance the efficiency of pesticides, such as fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. Some of the most common ingredients included in adjuvants are surfactants, oils, salts and emulsifiers. They are known to modify the properties of the spray solution to control or eliminate unwanted pests and plant disease by improving the ability of the pesticide to penetrate and protect the target organism. Agricultural adjuvants are also utilized for boosting properties such as spreading, adhesion, penetration, droplet size and the wettability of spray droplets. This can further aid in the penetration of the active ingredient into the target species, which improves the herbicide activity and pesticide absorption into plant cells while minimizing herbicide photo-degradation. These additives can be directly added to the spray tank or incorporated in the formulation along with a pesticide.\nGlobal Agricultural Adjuvant Market Trends:\nAgricultural adjuvants are utilized for improving crop productivity. An increase in the demand for efficient agricultural practices to meet the global demand for food has impelled the uptake of these agents. In addition to this, the emerging trend of precision farming, which extensively utilizes adjuvants, is contributing to the market growth. Apart from this, the growing demand for eco-friendly products has provided an impetus to the demand for bio-based adjuvants, which are safe and biodegradable in nature. Furthermore, governments of several countries are focusing on sustainable development, which in turn, is propelling the demand for naturally derived adjuvants. On account of the aforementioned factors, the market is projected to reach a value of US$\n5.1 Billion by 2028, exhibiting a CAGR of\n6.24% during 2023-2028.\n- On the basis of the type, the market has been bifurcated into activator and utility adjuvants. Amongst these, activator adjuvant accounts for the majority of the total market share.\n- Based on the crop type, the market has been categorized into cereals and oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, and others.\n- On the basis of the application, herbicides exhibit a clear dominance in the market. Other major segments include fungicides and insecticides.\n- On the geographical front, Asia Pacific holds the leading position in the market. Other major regions include Europe, North America, Latin America, and Middle East and Africa.\n- The competitive landscape of the market has been studied with the detailed profiles of the key players. Some of the major players operating in the market include Akzo Nobel N.V., Croda International Plc, Corteva Agriscience, Evonik Industries AG, Solvay SA, Huntsman International LLC, Nufarm Limited, Helena Agri-Enterprises, LLC, Wilbur-Ellis Holdings, Inc., and Brandt Consolidated, Inc.\nIMARC Group is a leading market research company that offers management strategy and market research worldwide. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses.\nIMARC’s information products include major market, scientific, economic and technological developments for business leaders in pharmaceutical, industrial, and high technology organizations. Market forecasts and industry analysis for biotechnology, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, travel and tourism, nanotechnology and novel processing methods are at the top of the company’s expertise.\nFollow us on twitter: @imarcglobal", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Michigan Ag Today Sugarbeet Planting Report is made possible by Betaseed: where research breeds confidence.\nLast week, Michigan Sugar wrapped up its 2020-2021 slicing campaign with some pretty sweet results.\nAccording to Jim Ruhlman, vice president of Michigan Sugar, there were two main highlights of the campaign.\n“We had absolutely phenomenal storage this year—the conditions were almost perfect,” he says. “We had a climate where our piles really never froze hard. It’s best when it’s a refrigerator and not a deep freeze because when you get that deep freeze and the thaw during late February or March, our beets start to deteriorate.”\nThe other highlight was the sugar content.\n“During harvest, we saw sugar content in our sugarbeets that were extremely high, and we had 19 to 20 percent sugars during our permanent piling period which is late October through November 15,” says Ruhlman. “When you have sugar content in your beets that high, it means your impurities in the beets are lower, and the processing of that raw material is much easier. As a result, a very favorable payment to our grower-shareholders.”\nShowing off some of the fleet pic.twitter.com/GjCVA0XWZk\n— Clint Hagen (@cmdchagen) March 23, 2021\nRuhlman says the same week the campaign ended, producers were back planting this year’s crop. Preparation for planting in late-March happened over the winter.\n“You go from one season to the next,” he says. “While we’re processing beets, we’re preparing for beets. All winter long, our agronomy group is meeting with growers, talking about seed recommendations—one of the newer things we have taken on over the last couple years is prescription planting recommendations.”\nThe ground could use a little more moisture in some areas, but Ruhlman says he’s glad the new season is underway.\n“I’m glad the new season is underway,” he adds. “Our growers are in good spirits—their passion for sugarbeets and their agronomic practices are second to none.”\nRuhlman expects beet growers will plant roughly 160,00 acres this year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "And the Council predicts that global soybean consumption will jump 8% y/y as well.\nLed by expectations for a bumper world corn harvest, the IGC sees total grain production rising by 1% in 2023-24.\nAlthough wheat output will be smaller y/y, the crop is still expected to be the second largest on record. Higher feed demand is expected.\n“Changes from October include an upgraded outlook for maize [corn], tied mainly to reports of better than expected US yields, as well as an increased wheat figure, reflecting the latest updates for Ukraine, Russia and Turkey.”\nGrains: Weather remains a watchpoint\nMeanwhile in its latest review of the agri-commodity sector, the AHDB observes that grain markets were pressured towards the end of last week due to an improved weather outlook in Brazil.\nWeather over the coming months will remain a watchpoint, said the analysts.\n“Forecasts of much needed rain in Brazil over the next seven days is expected to ease concerns over the area of the Safrinha corn crop due to be planted early next year.”\nThe Safrinha crop follows the soybean harvest and comprises roughly three-quarters of Brazil’s total corn production.\nLooking to the Black Sea region, and the AHDB report found that despite the expiration of the UN-brokered Black Sea grain deal in July, there is a continual flow of Ukrainian grain exports via sea lanes. Last Friday, the Interfax-Ukraine news agency reported that an estimated 151 ships have used the new ‘humanitarian corridor’ since it was set up in August.\n“With focus beginning to turn to Northern Hemisphere new crops, officials suggest Ukraine could potentially harvest between 18 Mt to 20 Mt of winter wheat in harvest 2024. This is in comparison to the 22.2 Mt harvested in 2023.”\nElsewhere in Europe, wet weather in France is delaying planting progression of winter wheat, reads the AHDB outlook. On Friday, FranceAgiMer reported that 71% of the expected soft wheat area had been planted by November 13 with it stating that the continuous rainfall over the past month would likely lead to a drop in area and damaged yields. “European plantings and crop conditions over the next few weeks will be a key factor to watch.”\nOilseeds: Dryness in Brazil, rain in Argentina\nThe north of Brazil is experiencing dryness, a typical impact of El Niño weather events, said the UK analysts.\n“The Brazilian soybean crop is expected to be a record currently, however, the dry weather in the north means some forecasts have been cut. The consultancy AgRural lowered its forecast for 2023-24 to 163.5 Mt, down from October’s forecast of 164.6 Mt and announced that new cuts were possible at the end of this month depending on the weather. It is also reported that, in parts of Mato Grosso, some farmers have turned from soybeans to alternative crops like cotton.”\nIn Argentina, it’s the opposite. Recent rainfall across the north of the country means the soybean area is increasing. “The Buenos Aires Grain Exchange last Thursday increased its soybean area projection to 17.3 Mha, up from the previous 17.1 Mha forecast.”\nLargest US soybean crush on record\nDemand is strong for soybeans in the US, according to the AHDB review. The US National Oilseed Processors Association (NOPA) estimated October soybean crush at 5.2 Mt, the largest crush on record.\n“This is up 14.7% from September, and up 2.9% year-on-year. The end of month US soy oil stocks also fell to the lowest point in nearly nine years. Soaring demand for feedstocks for biofuels has ensued a large expansion in crushing capacity.”\nFurthermore, there was large export demand for US soybeans, remarked the UK grain and oilseed market specialists. The USDA reported sales (to week ending November 9) at 3.9 Mt, this the highest weekly volumes sales since 2012, with a surge in Chinese buying.\nSoybeans are largely going to drive the sentiment of oilseed markets, including rapeseed, going into 2024 and longer-term pressure is expected, they added.\nHowever, as the focus turns towards rapeseed areas being planted for harvest 2024, initial estimates suggest area reductions in the EU.\nGermany’s winter rapeseed area is expected to fall 4-7% from 2023, to an estimated 1.09 – 1.13 Mha.\n“A combination of market prices and challenging weather conditions have contributed to the reduction in area. A rainy summer prevented an early start to planting, followed by a very dry autumn,” commented the AHDB team.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The present research expands the debate on environmental sustainability in the wine industry. Since the literature on sustainability and wine is relatively recent, current results do not cover all the practices that can be implemented along the wine supply chain. Thus, the paper presents a classification of environmental practices specific for the wine industry, according to the increased attention that has been paid to this topic in recent years. Moreover, it investigates the adoption level of these practices with reference to Italian wine producers.\nThe research presents a systematic literature review including papers published in academic journals during the past 30 years and in Italian specialised magazines. This methodology is useful to provide a clear overview of sustainable practices that can be adopted along the wine supply chain. Therefore, an empirical study based on the results of an online survey shows how wineries approach environmental sustainability.\nThe literature review provides a definition and classification of environmental practices in the wine industry, as well as identification of those that require further attention in the literature, suggesting future research paths. The results of the online survey give an overview of the adoption level of environmental practices and highlight widespread attention to all the listed environmental practices, including those not adopted.\nFrom a theoretical point of view, this paper fills a literature gap in terms of the definition and classification of environmental practices that cover all wine supply chain processes, also providing a useful instrument for wine companies' managers. Moreover, the results of the empirical research give an overview of the adoption level of environmental practices in one of the most relevant countries in terms of wine production and highlight widespread attention to all the listed environmental practices, including those not adopted.\nBandinelli, R., Acuti, D., Fani, V., Bindi, B. and Aiello, G. (2020), \"Environmental practices in the wine industry: an overview of the Italian market\", British Food Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2019-0653Download as .RIS\nEmerald Publishing Limited\nCopyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The best insecticide for cocoa in Nigeria is Belt Expert insecticide. This insecticide is effective for all kind of insects, mirids, beetles and flies that affect the cocoa trees.\nThere are other insecticides that are very effective for the control of insects and associated pests that affects cocoa crop. You should use insecticides that have both contact and systemic action.\nContact insecticides kill insects at contact while systemic insecticides stay on the plants for a while, so any insects that bite the plants will die.\nWithout the use of insecticides, your cocoa farming venture may not succeed.\nThe Best Insecticide for Cocoa\nThe best of insecticides for cocoa in Nigeria are explained as follows:\nBelt Expert Insecticide\nBelt Expert insecticide has active ingredients of Flubendiamide + Thiacloprid. Belt Expert has contact and systemic action on pests.\nBelt Expert insecticide can kill lepidopterous insect pests like Tuta Absoluta, Spodoptera Exígua and Helicoverpa Armigera. It also has an excellent activity against sucking insects (Jassids, aphids and white fly).\nThis insecticide is also very effective for cocoa mirids and worms.\nThe rate of use of belt extra is 0.084 litres per 10 litres of water.\nTihan insecticide has active ingredients of Spirotetramate and Flubendiamide. This insecticide sticks well to the leaves and stem surfaces of the cocoa tree. It is an insect growth regulator that can lead to the death of insects on cocoa and other crops.\nTihan has good killing ability on cocoa mirids.\nThe rate of application of this insecticide is 0.2 – 0.4 litres of Tihan insecticide per litre of water. 2 – 3 application of this insecticide should be done within 2 -3 weeks.\nConfidor insecticide has an active ingredient of Deltamethrin. The target of this insecticide is Caterpiller, Fruit Borer, Maggot, Earthworm, Grasshopper, Locust, Army Worm, Tuta Absoluta, Bollworms, Lepidoptera, Aphids, Heteroptera, Thysanoptera, Thrips, Diptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera and Leafworms etc.\nConfidor can be used to address mirids problems in cocoa farming.\nConfidor is a contact insecticide.\nA sachet of Confidor insecticide should be added to 15 – 20 litres of water. The mix should be sprayed to the leaves and other surfaces of the plants upon sighting of insects, beetles and flies.\nThe active ingredient of Laraforce insecticide is Lambda-Cyhalothrin. It is a contact insecticide that is effective for the killing of pests that affects cocoa crop.\nLaraforce insecticide can be used for a lot of crops including cocoa, cashew, oil palm, rubber ad vegetable crops etc.\nLaraforce insecticide can be used to address lepidopterous insect pests issues (Tuta Absoluta, Spodoptera Exígua and Helicoverpa Armigera) and sucking insects (Jassids, aphids and white fly).\n1 litres of Laraforce insecticide should be added to 100 – 200 litres of water. The mix should be sprayed to the leaves and other surfaces of cocoa plants.\nNeem oil is extracted from neem nuts of neem trees. Neem oil is an organic insecticide, fungicide and miticide for cocoa and other crops.\nNeem oil works slowly but it can be very effective. It has a preventive and curative action for insects that affects cocoa trees.\nThe active ingredient of neem oil is Azadirachtin.\nDo you want the best insecticide for your cocoa? If yes, kindly contact us on 08025141924.\nRead our latest post on the best fungicide for cocoa here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you've ever wondered why your neighbour's grass looks so healthy and green, almost like a golf course, then it's probably because they mulch their lawn.\nMulching is an excellent way to recycle your grass clippings and use them as organic matter on your lawn to help your grass grow. These recycled grass clippings are simply left on the lawn rather than collected.\nWe've composed a guide below which will cover everything you need to know about mulching your lawn, from how it works and the benefits to when not to mulch your lawn.\nLet's get into it!\nBefore we can get into why you should mulch with your lawn mower and the advantages of doing so, let's first cover what mulching does and how it works.\nMulching is simply the act of leaving grass clippings on your lawn rather than collecting them in your grass box, mulching allows these grass clippings to return to the soil, releasing 30% of the lawn required nutrients back into the lawn and helping to keep moisture in the soil, therefore allowing the mown grass to become healthier.\nMulching works by basically blocking the chute in the mower which normally takes clippings up to the grass collector chute, therefore the clippings have no choice but to keep being cut until they fall into fine or 'mulched pieces' back into the lawn.\nThere are endless reasons to mulch your lawn but some of the main ones are that firstly, it saves you time rather than collecting the clippings or emptying your grass box and secondly it improves the health of your lawn naturally without much effort required!\nNow we know all about mulching and how it works we can get into the benefits of mulching and what it can do for your lawn.\nMulched grass clippings are great for your soil and for creating organic lawns, this is because clumps of grass have high water content and are high in nutrients, the decomposed grass then forms humus which is a plant-usable organic matter helping to improve hard soil and water back into the ground.\nNormal chemical fertilisers are not so great for the environment, having plastic packaging and producing lots of waste for them to be manufactured.\nMulching however is all natural fertiliser and does not have any negative effects on the environment.\nMulching saves you a lot of time, firstly you can cut your lawn and fertilise it at the same time and secondly you do not have to keep going to empty your grass collection box when it gets full.\nBuying chemical fertiliser can become very expensive over time, if you use your clippings in your green waste bin this also saves you money from having to pay for the bin!\nMulching regularly allows you to keep the microbial activity in your lawn high, this in turn can help to break down and reduce lawn thatch.\nMost people assume that grass clippings will smother the lawn and make thatch worse but this is far from the truth, the only time grass clippings can cause thatch is if they are not broken down properly by the mower, this could be if the grass was too long, wet or the mower is blocked up with clippings.\nAfter learning about all the benefits of mulching your lawn, you might be eager to get started, however, there are times when you should not be mulching your lawn.\nWe've listed the times when mulching your lawn isn't a great idea down below.\nNever mulch your lawn if it has weed grasses, this is because weed grasses like meadow grass and dandelions can spread easily in mulch through their seeds, making your weed problem 10x worse.\nAlways bin your lawn clippings if your garden has a lot of weeds.\nMulching your grass should never be done when it's wet this is because it causes the grass to clump up rather than spread in fine pieces.\nMowing should also be held off until the grass is dry again, consequences of mulching wet grass can lead to the chute becoming blocked and stressing out your mowers engine/motor.\nTrying to mow a grass length that is too long can cause the mower to overwork and block up, this can result in a grass length that is too short or mulched grass that hasn't been broken down properly.\nThis could then cause smothering and thatching on your overgrown lawn, making it more prone to diseases.\nMulching is best done during the drier months of spring and summer since it supercharges your lawns nutrients with added moisture. Simply just leave your lawn clippings to decompose on the grass rather than collect them.\nTo mulch your lawn you will need to make sure that you have a mulching kit with a plug for your mower since this is what will block the chute and prevent it from being stored as lawn clippings in your grass box.\nYou can also buy mowers that are specifically for mulching lawn clippings, these types of lawn mowers differ from the typical lawn mower since they often come equipped with special mulching blades and the options of side or rear discharge depending on where you want your lawn clippings to fall.\nIf you want to give your lawn a break from mulching, you might be wondering if there are any other useful ways you can use your lawn clippings rather than just throwing them away.\nWe've listed a few other options for recycling your garden waste below.\nIf it's your first time mulching your lawn clippings you might be wondering how to avoid problems like thatch build up and get the best coverage for your lawn.\nWe've got you covered with some of our best mulching beginner tips down below.\nWhen should I bin my lawn clippings rather than re-use them?\nIt's better to bin your lawn clippings if they have been treated with pesticide or herbicide, you should also get rid of lawn clippings if your garden has a lot of weeds, otherwise, they can spread.\nHow often should I be mulching my lawn?\nTypically, during the drier months of summer and spring, mulching should be done once a week on your lawn to keep it in the best condition.\nWhat is the difference between mulching and side discharge?\nSide discharge mowers spray the grass clippings out of the chutes on the side of the mower as you cut, mulching mowers do not have this chute and instead, the grass falls out under the blades and undercarriage of the mower.\nWhat are the drawbacks of mulching for my lawn?\nSome notable disadvantages to mulching are that it can suffocate your lawn and stop plants from growing, it is also a great place for insects to hide.\nShould I be mulching my lawn before winter?\nYes, mulching your lawn during autumn and the summer months can give your lawn an added layer of protection over the winter months and help protect it from colder temperatures.\nCan I mulch taller grass?\nNo, you should first cut down your grass a few times to a shorter length than mulch, trying to mulch tall grass can lead to blockage in your mower and release it in clumps, suffocating your lawn.\nOverall, mulching has a lot of benefits for your grass helping it grow and maintain its moisture and nutrients. We would not recommend mulching your lawn however if it has weeds or if the grass is too long.\nMulching is best done in the drier months once a week when you mow, make sure your grass isn't too tall before you start mulching, we recommend cutting it down 1/3 a length at a time till your desired height then mulch.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Iowa's premier weekly crop reports 8/12/20\n“We’ve been holding on with small rains here and there. I think the crops here really have a lot of potential if we get a few more,” Peelen said Aug. 6. Corn is in the milk stage, and soybeans are setting pods, he said. Peelen just finished up his third cutting of alfalfa. “It’s turned out to be really nice hay for a field that really had only an inch of rain in the last 30 days,” he said.\nNorth Central Iowa\n“I’m starting to sound like a broken record, but we’re dry,” Anderson said Aug. 6. Soybeans...\nMembers Only Content\nJoin Iowa Farm Bureau or login to view all members only content and receive other member benefits.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Why Are My Snake Plant Leaves Falling Over? More about Snake Plants\nAre the leaves on your Snake Plant toppling over?\nDo you have any mind to stake snake plant?\nWe’ll explain why in this section.\nI’ll also show you how to use leaf cuttings to prune and propagate snake plants.\nMania with Snake Plants I’m sure I’ve got it.\nHow to avoid snake plant falling leaves?\nTo keep them from falling over, you should prune and propagate, after that you should do some snake plant stake.\nWhat are your thoughts?\nSansevierias or Mother In Law Tongues are other names for them.\nWhatever you call them, they’re one of the toughest and most straightforward houseplants you’ll ever come across.\nI’m not referring to a large number of leaves; just one or two every now and then.\nIt’s probably due to overwatering if you notice a lot of the snake plant leaves falling over.\nWater is stored in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes (the underground horizontal stem by which they spread).\nThe leaves will mush out at the base, crease, and eventually fall over.\nWhat can you do about falling leaves?\nIt’s quite straightforward. All you have to do now is prune and propagate.\nIf you prefer, you can cut the leaf into smaller sections, but I always go the route outlined below.\nSnake Plants Grow – Getting Ready To Propagate\nSource: Getty Image\nTo avoid a jagged cut and/or infection, make sure your pruners are clean and sharp.\nI removed the bottom 5–10′′ of the leaves.\nThe amount depends on how thin the leaf bases are.\nYou’ll want to get rid of the weaker lower half of your body.\nMake sure your cuts are straight and clean.\nIf you want, you can always propagate snake plant on the lower leaf sections.\nSimply put the ends that were growing out of the potting soil into the propagation mix, not the other end from which you cut the top portions off.\nAfter a portion of the bottoms have been cut off, the Zeylanica (L) and Laurentii leaves.\nThe lower portion of the leaves is thin and curled in here.\nAbove that part of the leaf, I make the cut.\nI let the bottoms of those leaves heal for two days before planting because they contain a lot of water. Anywhere between 3 and 7 days is acceptable.\nWhile propagating, you want the stems to heal so that the cut ends callus over and protect them from rotting.\nBecause it’s so hot in Tucson right now, I only needed to heal mine for a day or two.\nBy the way, I let the leaves heal for a month or so before propagating them.\nYou won’t notice any roots growing. After they’ve been planted, they’ll form.\nWhat Causes The Snake Plant Leaves Falling Over?\nI’ve been asked why a leaf will fall over at random and what to do about it.\nBecause this was happening to two of my plants, I decided to strike while the iron was still hot, just in case you were wondering.\nIt doesn’t happen very often to my Snake Plants, perhaps once or twice a year.\nThis occurs in my experience with the taller growing varieties, such as my darker Sansevieria trifasciata “Zeylanica” and the yellow-edged Sansevieria trifasciata “Laurentii” shown here.\nBecause the leaves grow tall (some can reach 5′), the weight of the middle and top parts of the leaf pulls it down if the base cinches in.\nThis wonderful plant’s nature is to have random leaves fall or lean over.\nBack in the corner, a leaf has completely fallen over.\nBest Time for Propagating Snake Plant\nSource: Getty Image\nPropagation is best done in the spring and summer.\nI do it by putting the leaf back in the pot with the mother plant, which is the one it came from.\nIf you want, you can put it in a separate pot with succulents and cactus mix or propagation mix.\nWhat Can We Do If It Won’t Stay Still?\nThis is the recipe I use to make my own succulent and cactus mix.\nIn either case, you’ll probably need to stake the leaf to grow straight until the roots form, and it can stand on its own.\nI let the mixture dry for 3-5 days before watering it.\nPlant the Zeylanica leaf, stake it, and tie it to the mother plant.\nShould you repotting snake plant?\nRepotting a snake plant is an important part of keeping it healthy and thriving.\nIt should be done every two to three years, or when the roots have outgrown the pot.\nWhen repotting, make sure to use a pot with drainage holes and a well-draining soil mix.\nBe sure to stake the plant if necessary, as this will help keep it growing straight and prevent it from toppling over.\nAdditionally, make sure to water the plant thoroughly after repotting and provide adequate light for optimal growth.\nSnake Plant Stake!\nStaking Indoor Plants for Support\nIndoor plants are quite common.\nPlants are exposed to wind and competition from other plants in their natural habitats…\n…both of which encourage them to grow quickly and develop strong support structures.\nPlants that are kept indoors, where there is little wind…\n…frequently outgrow their support system and develop weak stems.\nIt may be necessary to stake your plants in these situations.\nIndoor houseplants aren’t just for the sake of rapid growth.\nSome plants are naturally top heavy and, in order to be grown as grow straight plants…\n…they must be staked even outside.\nOne such plant is Bougainvillea.\nOther plants, on the other hand, are natural climbers and require support to thrive.\nThis group includes many of the most beautiful philodendron species, as well as ivy, jasmine, and tropical plants like monster.\nThe type of plant you’re growing determines how you should stake it.\nSnake Plant Care – How to Fix the Snake Plant Leaves\nSource: Getty Image\nThe outer leaves, I’ve discovered, are the ones that fall over.\nIf the middle leaves are densely packed, they can support each other.\nAs your Snake Plant matures, it may fall over a few times a year.\nDepending on how tall and heavy your leaf is, you may need to tie it to the stake to keep it anchored.\nJute string is one of my favorite materials because it is durable, inexpensive, and unobtrusive.\nKeep Your Snake Plant Grow Straight With Simple Straight Stake\nThis is the most basic type of staking, and it’s best for single-stemmed plants with a lot of top weight.\nFlowering plants and plants that have quickly outgrown their stems are examples.\nThis method of staking involves simply tying the plant to a single stake…\n…which is usually a bamboo rod pushed into the soil.\nBe careful not to tie the plant too tightly when tying it off.\nAs the plant grows and the tie cuts into the stem, this can cause injury.\nUse a stretchy tie, such as nylons or special plant ties, to avoid this.\nWire or Shaped Support\nThis is ideal for creepers or plants that need to be trained into a specific shape.\nIndoors, jasmine, which grows with long branches that flower profusely but can’t support their weight…\n…is a good example.\nA simple piece of wire, or even a wire coat hanger twisted into a loop…\n…can easily be used for this type of staking.\nPlace both ends of the wire support in the soil and loosely tie the plant to it as it grows.\nThis has the added benefit of producing a beautiful and sculptural hoop-shaped support.\nThis is ideal for multi-stemmed plants that are too heavy at the top…\nwith blooms or foliage to stand on their own. This type of staking can be done in a variety of ways.\nA simple wire cage can be used to surround the plant, or several stakes with twine strung between them can be used to form a support system.\nIn these cases, tying the plant to the support is usually unnecessary because the cage will support the plant’s weight.\nRather, ensure that the plant has enough space to spread out within the cage.\nWhen to Stake a Snake Plant\nSource: Getty Image\nWhen to plant stake? It’s best to stake the plant when it’s still young and actively looking for support, regardless of the type of stake you’re using.\nAlso, rather than placing the stake in the pot’s center, it’s a good idea to place it near one of the pot’s edges.\nInstead of letting the plant grow wild, this will give it more room to grow and make it easier to display the plant with a “good” side or growing straight.\nFinally, most staked climbing or vining plants will need to be trimmed on a regular basis.\nCheck individual plant profiles to see if yours needs to be pruned.\nSee, having a Snake plant is a good choice for you! It’s cool, it’s famous, it’s easy to have and care!\nWhat else do you need? In this pandemic time like this, is a good choice for you to have a new activity…\n…and having a snake plant is a good choice for you to have!\nSnake Plants are the ultimate “set it and forget it” houseplant, which appeals to both novice and experienced gardeners.\nFor a snake plant care, you don’t want to overwater a Snake Plant, so go easy on the liquid love.\nHere’s how to take care when Snake Plant grow indoors. If your Snake Plant leaves occasionally fall over…\n…lean, or droop over the side of the larger pot, don’t be discouraged. It’s just the plant grow more feet tall than other species and varieties are built.\nThis has happened to my Snake Plants a few times. Fortunately for us, they reproduce quickly especially when it is growing season!\nGood luck with your gardening!\nFrequently Asked Questions Around Staking Snake Plants\nShould I Stake My Snake Plant?\nStaking a snake plant is not necessary, but it may help to stabilise the plant and grow straight.\nIf you choose to stake your snake plant, make sure that the stakes…\n…are long enough so that they don’t touch the ground.\nYou can also wrap sturdy string around the plants’ trunk several times to secure it in place.\nWhy is My Snake Plant Leaning Over?\nIf you are noticing that your snake plant is leaning over, it could be because of one of the following reasons:\n- Your snake plant is getting too much water and not enough air. Try watering only half-way or less to see if this solves the problem.\n- You may need to repot your snake plant. Snake plants require a lot of moisture so it’s important to rehydrate them every 2-3 months by giving them fresh soil and plenty of water. If repotting does not solve the issue, then you might have a root system imbalance which can be corrected with organic amendments like compost or bone meal (a supplement made from animal bones).\nHow do You Prop a Snake Plant?\nIf you’re looking to prop up a snake plant, there are a few different ways that you can do it.\nThe easiest way is to use chopsticks or an other long object.\nYou can also hold the pot in place with one hand and support the rootball…\n…of the plant with your other hand.\nAnd finally, you can use a small rock or brick to prop up just one side of the pot.\nEach method has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important…\n…to find something that works best for your needs.\nChoosing the wrong props could lead to your plant falling over or becoming damaged…\n…so make sure to test out each option before choosing finalize ones!\nDo Snake Plants Like to be Root Bound?\nA lot of people are unsure about this, but the answer is yes – snake plants like to be root bound.\nThis is because a pot with good drainage will cause less waterlogging…\n…and therefore less stress on the roots.\nAdditionally, it makes it easier for you to take care of your plant since…\n…you won’t need to constantly check on its watering needs.\nShould I Cut Drooping Snake Plants?\nDrooping snake plant is an Old World Climber that may be experiencing a dry spell.\nIf this continues, you may want to consider cutting the drooping part…\n…of the plant in order to help it regenerate faster.\nSnake plants are hardy and tolerant of low light levels and occasional water loss.\nHowever, if your plant becomes seriously droopy or dies altogether…\n…it is probably best to remove it completely and replant with a more suitable species.\nHow Do You Fix a Bent Snake Plant Leaves?\nIf you notice that a snake plant leaf is bent or out of alignment…\n…the first thing to do is check to see if there is any water present.\nIf so, wait until the root system has recovered and then remove as much…\n…of the water as possible with a watering can.\nNext, use an established stem to straighten out the leaves while holding down one end.\nFinally, secure in place with soil and Water lightly every few days until it reaches its desired form.\nCan I Tie Snake Plants?\nThere is no right or wrong answer to this question, as it depends…\n…on your preferences and the type of snake plants growing.\nSome people prefer to tie their snake plants tight so that they will grow straight…\n…while others simply enjoy the look of a loosely tied plant.\nAs long as the roots are secure and there is minimal water loss…\n…experiment until you find a way that works best for you.\nIs it possible root rot can cause droopy leaves?\nIf your snake plant’s leaves are drooping, it might have a case of “root rot”.\nThis happens when you water it too much or when the water doesn’t go away fast enough.\nThe roots end up sitting in the water for too long and get sick from germs.\nTo keep your snake plant happy, only water it when the soil mix is dry and make sure the water has a place to go.\nHello, I am Yoseph, in my spare time I become a gardener and music composer♬.\nI love gardening because it is a wonderful way to feel grounded, calm and connected to the earth. There are many things about gardening that I enjoy; picking flowers in the summer, planting vegetables in the fall, and harvesting produce in the winter. I also love how beautiful my garden is, watching plants grow into tall trees or being able to see all of my hard work unfold every year??.\nIts really help me to killing time and its also relaxing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For much of the country, it’s the END of gardening and canning season. And many of us are ready for a break from the endless gardening, (watering!) harvesting, and preserving we’ve been doing these last few months. But it’s never too early to start thinking about, and planning next year’s harvest. I have a few ideas to share with you on how to better face the future challenges coming our way in regards to continuing to produce quality, healthy nutritionally sound food for our families. We are all going to have to become more efficient with, and better stewards of, our resources as the perfect storm of weather, rising food prices, and economic “stresses” loom ahead.\nSo join me, Renée (aka Michigansnowpony) and my co-host Katzkradul this Thursday night, October 25th on the “Homestead Honey Hour” as we talk about not only streamlining our gardens for optimal results and nutrition, but also introduce to you the idea of “rotational canning” (and dehydrating) to help fill your pantry without the stress of trying to get it ALL done every year.\nWhether you garden in the ‘burbs, on a country homestead, or get your produce from the local farmers’ markets to can and preserve, tune in and together, we can help make next season even more “fruitful”!\nRelated video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ml9u4AgNVSA\nHave some fun and listen to this show in player below!\nListen to all our hosts and their archived shows. Go to show schedule tab at top of page!\nYou can also listen, download, or use your own default player for this show by clicking Here!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Managing manure: PA issues new manual\nNovember 16, 2011 —\nThe Wayne Conservation District (WCD) board of directors learned at its meeting on November 9 that a new Pennsylvania manure management manual has been issued and is now in effect since its publication in the PA Bulletin on October 29. Those who handle animal manure must complete plans based on the new manual.\nPeter Tarby, DEP Water Management and Chesapeake Bay Program nutrient management specialist, who provided the information, stressed that the focus right now is on education and outreach to those who will need to complete plans. “We’re not out to go after anybody,” Tarby said. DEP is encouraging conservation districts statewide to be proactive and develop Agricultural Compliance Policies to inform agricultural operations of their obligations under Chapter 91.36 (manure management planning).\nConcerns that the new manual may alarm the farming community were raised during the meeting.\nWayne County Commissioner Brian Smith worried that the process could seem overwhelming at first, and urged WCD staff to offer training and assistance. “The sooner the better, before there’s a fear factor that spreads through the farm community and everybody’s agitated,” said Smith. “We need to let them know that the district can offer assistance in writing new plans.”\nWCD staff responded that they are planning educational sessions for farmers, stables, commercial operations and hobby farmers with just a few animals. Special outreach will target the needs of the horse community. The sessions are expected to occur in December (contact WCD at 570/253-0930 for more information).\nIn Pennsylvania, statewide regulations require that any person who handles animal manure must have a manure management plan. People who own animals addressed in the manual—such as chickens, hogs, cows and horses—must complete a current plan using the new manual and its workbook. Those who own animals not addressed in the manual, such as sheep and goats, can use the book’s values in preparing their plans.\nThe new manual is designed to be user-friendly and contains a sample plan that farmers can follow and complete by themselves. Broken into seven sections, it focuses on basic farm information, manure application rates and timing, record-keeping, mapping, manure storage structures, pasture management and more.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Most Bhutanese farms are small in size, and terraces are used extensively to raise crops on hillslopes. A dry climate is characteristic of the Great Himalayan region. Journal of Bhutan Studies. In his speech, the King said that television was a critical step to the modernisation of Bhutan as well as a major contributor to the country's gross national happiness ,  but warned that the \"misuse\" of television could erode traditional Bhutanese values. Agricultural produce includes rice, chilies, dairy some yak, mostly cow products, buckwheat, barley, root crops, apples, and citrus and maize at lower elevations.\nIt used to be an obscure hard-to-find ingredient, but recently the Internet has exploded with websites selling weight loss products based on an extract of the fruit and it even got some decidedly hucksterish treatment from Dr. Oz, a TV personality made famous by Oprah Winfrey. The fruit is known in India as gambooge. It is apparently also an ingredient in some weight loss products as hydroxycitric acid.\nOz promoted it and continues to assert that garcinia cambogia is an effective aid to weight loss.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Job offersmore »\n- Department Chair and Professor of Human Ecology - Davis (CA) USA\n- Factory Manager Assistant - Huizhou, China\n- Internal Salesperson - Netherlands\n- Crop Manager - Northern France\n- Farm General Manager - Egypt\n- Grower (cucumbers) - Australia\n- Projectleider Export - Maasdijk, Nederland\n- Sales representative - Eastern PA, DE, MD, VA & WV, USA\n- Sales representative - Michigan, USA\n- Assistant Grower - Delta (BC), Canada\nTop 5 - yesterday\nTop 5 - last week\nTop 5 - last month\nExchange ratesmore »\nIndian farmer experiments with dragon fruitsAn innovative farmer from Nalgonda -in the Indian region of Telangana- is cultivating ‘dragon fruit’, a desert plant, to set an example for other farmers in the canal area of the district in yielding greater profits with less water and fertilisers.\nKompally Yadagiri, a Science graduate with a keen interest in agriculture, began cultivating the fruit on his 1.5 acres of land on an experimental basis in July 2016. He was expecting to be able to harvest after three years, but surprisingly got the first yield in just a year, earning 30,000 rupees.\nYadagiri told Telangana Today that his dragon fruit farm would give the full yield in the next two years and that it might be around four to six tonnes.\nHe further said that the type of sand and weather conditions in Telangana are quite suitable for the cultivation of dragon fruit and that its plants even survived 45o Celsius temperatures during summer.\nPublication date: 12/22/2017\nReceive the daily newsletter in your email for free | Click here\nOther news in this sector:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Happy New Year friends! We hope you’ve enjoyed the holidays and have found time to reflect on the past year and your hopes and goals for 2017.\nWe are enjoying the quieter, slower pace of winter here at the farm, and getting ourselves organized for the upcoming season. We have hired our first apprentice and are interviewing for the second position. Chris continues to steadily work on the finishing touches of the greenhouse which includes building a sliding front door, and the more difficult tasks of running electrical outlets throughout the house and wiring the heater, fan, and shutter.\nI spent the past rainy Monday ordering all of our seeds for the year, including the new crop we are adding this year: microgreens! Our friend Jean has grown microgreens for our On Farm Market the past few years, but she’s passed the production of these tiny, super nutritious greens onto us. We are looking forward to the challenge of learning how to grow a new crop, and excited to add such a nutrient dense food to our market and CSA boxes. (Recent studies have shown microgreens to have up to *40 times* more vitamin E and 4-6 times more other vital nutrients such as vitamins C and K than mature plants!).\nWe do still have a nice selection of winter food growing in the hoophouses, so throughout January and February we will open the On Farm Market from 9 .m. to 12 p.m. on the following dates:\nJanuary 11th, January 25th, and February 8th.\nI will send a list of what will be available before each market via this newsletter.\nWe look forward to seeing you at the farm this winter, or at the Columbus Market when we return there first of April. CSA will also begin early April, more details to come soon!\nTake good care,\nJenny and Chris", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cyper-Grass, or Cyperus, L. a genus of plants producing seventy-nine species, of which the following are the principal :\n1. The rotundus, or Round Cy-perus, a native of the East Indies : its imported root is knotty, surrounded with tough, fibrous strings, of a brown colour externally, but grey internally ; and of a pleasant odour, especially when fresh and well dried.\n2. The esculentus, or Eatable Cyperus (earth-almonds), growing wild in the East, in Italy, and the South of France. Its pulpy and mealy root is agreeably sweet, not unlike chesnuts, and might be advantageously cultivated in this country, as an occasional substitute for bread.\n3. The papyrus, or Paper-Cy-perus, a native of Calabria, Sicily, Syria, and especially of Egypt, on the banks of the Nile. From this noble plant, the ancients manufactured most of their paper, their sail-cloth, mattresses, ropes, nay, even their apparel. Perhaps, we may soon be enabled to import an abundant supply of this valuable vegetable, in British vessels.\n4. The longus, or Sweet Cyperus, or English Galingale, a native plant, which is chiefly found on the isle of Purbeck, where it flowers in July. Its root is of the size of an olive, full of little knots or specks, of an obLng figure and grey co-lour} of a warm, somewhat bitter taste; and almost destitute of smell, when newly taken out of the ground.\nIn medicine, the roots of the first, or round cyperus, as well as those of the English galingale, arc-esteemed cordial, diuretic, and cephalic; they occasionally have afforded relief in nephritic disorders, as also in colics; and may be taken either in powders, or in a decoction. The production of the latter, or native species, however, is at present seldom used ; though we presume it is in no respect in -ferior to some of the more costly medicines imported into this country.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Under a new program launched by the Ministry of Agriculture, a huge afforestation program has launched in several cities and settlements across Hungary.\nThe 86-municipal program contributes to climate protection by increasing the country’s afforestation, thereby binding thousands of tons of carbon dioxide. In order to motivate farmers and municipalities to plant trees, the funding for afforestation applications has been increased by 80 to 130 percent in recent months.\nThe program started with a symbolic planting of four saplings in Esztergom. In Debrecen and Nyíregyháza, mayors and state secretaries also drew attention to the importance of the program and climate protection by planting trees in public spaces.\nIstván Nagy, Minister of Agriculture, has highlighted how Hungarian forests absorb four to five million tons of carbon dioxide annually. He also added that in addition to maintaining the existing two million hectares of forests and maintaining their health, forestry is responsible for increasing carbon absorbing capacity.\nPéter Zambó, State Secretary for Land Affairs, said that in order to plant some 25,000 hectares of forest in the country over the next three to five years, about 100 million seedlings would need to be planted.\nFinally, to allow schools, kindergartens, municipalities and NGOs to participate in the afforestation program, special tenders have been launched to cater specifically for these institutions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Paul Sellew had a vision for New England – a locally grown salad that was available year-round. As the founder of Backyard Farms, Paul mastered the growing and distribution of flavorful, greenhouse-grown tomatoes. He put his salad plans on the back burner while he built his next company, Harvest Power, into the largest organics recycler in North America. But after leaving Harvest Power in 2015, his interest in locally grown produce was once again piqued and he began to research the best lettuce growing systems in the world.\nPaul took to designing the most sustainable technology for growing lettuce in New England. In Fall 2015, Paul was joined by Tim Cunniff, Backyard Farms’ former EVP of Sales and Marketing. Realizing the opportunity to revolutionize the West Coast-dominated lettuce industry, Paul and Tim broke ground on the first phase of their 10-acre greenhouse development and began to line up customers.\nToday, Little Leaf Farms is proud to have built the most technologically-advanced, lettuce growing greenhouse in the world. And Paul and Tim are excited to share with you the freshest, best tasting baby lettuces available in New England.\nOur team has a shared passion for producing the best lettuce for local consumers, while ensuring our business practices support our belief of protecting our environment.\nPAUL SELLEW, CEO\nWith over 30 years’ experience developing and leading successful companies, Paul has built a career on his belief in sustainable agriculture. As the founder of Backyard Farms, he brought locally grown, greenhouse tomatoes to the East Coast market. Paul also founded and served as CEO of Harvest Power, North America’s largest processor of organics. Paul holds a Bachelor of Science in Horticulture from Cornell University.\nTIM CUNNIFF, EVP of Sales\nTim brings 25+ years of produce industry sales and marketing experience to his role at Little Leaf Farms. He was instrumental in bringing Backyard Farms premium tomatoes to New England retailers and consumers. He has built strong relationships with grocery and food service buyers throughout the Northeast since his days with the Oppenheumer Group, Pepsi and Delmonte.\nPIETER SLAMAN, Head Grower/Manager\nA fourth generation greenhouse farmer, Pieter came from the Netherlands to lead our growing operations. Prior to joining our team, Pieter managed the largest organically-certified greenhouse in the world. His passion for organic and sustainable agriculture is matched only by his desire to grow the best tasting lettuce.\nMATTHEW MEISEL, CFO\nMatthew joined Little Leaf Farms as CFO after five years in strategy and corporate development at Harvest Power. As an avid backyard gardener and composter, Matthew is excited to be involved in bringing fresh, local produce to the New England market. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry and Chemical Biology from Harvard University.\nALFONSO GARCIA, Operations Manager\nAlfonso brings great experience in operations to keep our greenhouse running smoothly and efficiently. He honed his skills while working at Earthgro and The Scotts Company and brings a real passion for producing great tasting, locally grown food.\nCHRIS SIGMON, EVP of Operations\nChris Sigmon brings 30 years of experience as a strategic operations leader to Little Leaf Farms. He has extensive expertise with multi-site manufacturing and global management of engineering and operations in the Medical and Food related industries. Chris has completed five successful private equity rollups with companies like CMP, Dispensing Dynamics International, and Medplast, Inc. Chris is committed to the Little Leaf Farm’s vision of changing the way food is grown throughout the world with Controlled Environment Agriculture.\nWe use top-quality glass to harness the power of natural sunlight to grow our greens. We supplement sunlight with efficient LED lights that use 40% less electricity than conventional grow lights.\nThe spine and ribs of lettuce provide dietary fiber, while vitamins and minerals are concentrated in the delicate leaf.\nHydroponics is the practice of growing plants without soil. Growing hydroponically protects our natural topsoil from the soil erosion that is caused by conventional farming practices.\nWe nourish our greens with 100% recycled rainwater - captured on the greenhouse roof, sanitized by UV lights, and stored. With this approach, we use 90% less water than field grown greens.\nOver 95% of all U.S. lettuce is grown and processed in California and Arizona. West Coast lettuce travels 3,000 miles to the East Cost and can spend two or more weeks on a truck. This process results in food waste, shorter shelf life, and less nutrition.\nWe use a sustainable heating system that recirculates CO2 to optimize plant development.\nWe never use GMOs, harmful chemicals, or pesticides on our greens.\nOur tender baby greens are harvested at their peak of flavor and delivered to stores within 24 hours.\nOn average, Americans eat 30 pounds of leafy greens and lettuce every year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Compost isn’t dangerous if followed properly and doesn’t contain dangerous chemicals. However, it can become a breeding ground for harmful microbes, such as worms excrement fungi, and some animals like rats. If this happens, simply add some new compost.\nCan I compost directly in my garden?\nIt probably won’t hurt your plants if you add them to a compost heap and the compost mix has been turned thoroughly or aged for several months. You can certainly add your compost directly to a garden bed or to a container plant that’s been transplanted there.\nWhat is the benefit of composting?\nBenefits of composting on the environment. Composting reduces the amount of waste materials that your household throws away— and in the process saves money. You can use it to supplement garden soil or improve the soil on your property. Composting is good for your plants.\nIs mold in my compost OK?\nWhile mold is a common part of composting, it should be at the compost bin surface rather than growing in the mixture. Composting is the process of converting organic waste (like grass clippings, food trimmings, animal manure and household garbage like plastic, aluminum and Styrofoam) into a nutrient-rich soil-like material that feeds the plants in your garden.\nWhat disease can you get from compost?\nIf you put things in your compost that can get sick, like eggs, raw meat, or live plants, you can get a disease called giardia. If that happens, you could get diarrhea, stomach pains, and a strong urge to defecate.\nWhat should you not put in compost?\nBeware of non-vegetable scraps, like breadcrumbs, pasta, meat, and bones, that can attract pests when they decompose. So unless you’re adding chicken manure to your compost, it’s not good for your garden.\nHow long does it take to compost?\nIf you do it right, the entire composting process can be completed in 12 to 16 weeks. It’s okay to take compost and store it in the garage for a while to give the bugs a chance to eat it. But you don’t want to go back to the farm and use it too quickly.\nCan you put cheese in a compost bin?\nThe compost bin can either be a container or an existing pile of leaves, straw or grass clippings, or even leaves with pine needles. These are all good things to add to the compost bin that will break down better than other items that the compost bin may not be designed for.\nWhat do you do with finished compost?\nFor those who wish to reuse their compost, use only the finished product and toss it into the garden. Just make sure to place it a few inches away from the edge of the garden bed. This will make decomposing easier because less heat and less oxygen are needed to break down the compost quickly. This is the ideal method of composting your finished compost.\nShould I have bugs in my compost?\nMixed and layered compost. If you are in a hot climate, you can use a compost pile with some leaves mixed in to cool it down faster when you add materials to the pile to start the composting process. If you have a colder climate, wait until the weather is suitable for the first turn you add.\nRegarding this, can compost kill you?\nCompost is a natural substance made up of dead things: a variety of plant and animal matter. However, for most people, adding household compost to their garden is perfectly safe. However, eating compost can be a different story.\nCan I use wet compost?\nCan I use organic and inorganic Compost? You can use the compost, like adding cow manure or grass to the garden and mixing with garden soil. That is the best organic and inorganic compost – a mix of the two.\nAlso, what happens if you eat compost?\nIf the compost was sprayed with a pesticide, the active ingredient, it’s not good for you. A pesticide like permethrin, which is now banned in America and much of Europe, causes problems for some people, according to a 2017 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.\nHow often should I turn my compost?\nKeep your compost bin in a nice and warm place away from drafts, sunlight and rain. The best time for making compost is between the months March to October, from 8AM to 8PM. If you live in cooler climates or where it freezes in winter, you can use a freezer to collect compost.\nWhy is composting bad for the environment?\nWhen you compost compost, the materials break down into nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In addition to these nutrients, compost provides energy to soil organisms. As the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are consumed, soil levels are depleted, making the soil less fertile for growing new crops.\nCan compost kill plants?\nComposting is a process that breaks down a mixture of garden waste, such as grass clippings, leaves, branches, etc. In a process called anaerobic digestion, anaerobic microorganisms transform the garden waste into a natural fertilizer.\nHow do you kill weeds in compost?\nApply the compost to the surface of your lawn. Weed killer is usually more effective when it’s on the soil surface and less so when it’s mixed with some of the compost. Use a good quality, broad-spectrum weed killer such as glyphosate, or a broad-spectrum herbicide, such as a product that kills both broad and targeted weeds.\nHow do you keep bugs out of compost?\n“To keep bugs out of the pile, you simply need to add some type of predator attractant, such as fruit peel or a piece of apple. Then you just need to sit back and wait for the little bugger to show up. Then scoop it out with a teaspoon or spatula.”\nCan compost start a fire?\nA compost pile can heat up well above room temperature and if not burned in a while, is a great source of heat for compost.\nAlso, what are the negatives of composting?\nComposting is good for organic waste. For this reason, it’s a good practice to compost everything. The composting process helps reduce waste, so you can reduce the amount of waste you produce.\nIs it OK to compost weeds?\nWorm compost. This is NOT a good idea. The fact that it decomposes quickly causes it to have a higher worm population. You want a natural, slow-acting decomposition process, which is where soil worms like a good compost tea. Composting with lots of weed seeds is more of a problem.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Skip to comments.Slot Together Pyramid Garden Planter\nPosted on 04/12/2013 3:21:07 PM PDT by Kartographer\nI have been busy with my Pallet Dismantling bar again, and this time I have made slot together pyramid garden planter from the reclaimed Pallet timbers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipQLy-0Pfag\nThis planter took me approximately 90 minutes to make: The design is simple, and so is the required level of woodworking skill, the only tools required are a square, pencil, electric/cordless drill and suitable spade end drill bit, and a tenon saw; although a chisel and some sand paper would be useful for tidying up the slip joints.\nI cut down some 2.4 metre long pallet deck planks that were 9 cm wide and 1.9 cm thick to 1.9 mtrs long for the base tier so that the tier inside the slip joints is a 1.8 mtr X 1.8 mtr square\n(Excerpt) Read more at instructables.com ...\nPlease consider this our Weekly Preppers’Thread to post progress, good buys, DIY, ideas, questions....\nThat would make for a nice cactus farm...\nWhat is the size of the lumber used?\nThat’s an awesome planter for sure. Hubby just finished building a round pyramid planter for our second strawberry bed. It only cost about 20 bucks.\nHe used econo plastic edging from Walmart, and made a 6 foot diameter bed. Filled it with top soil and compost. Then repeated twice more for 3 layers. It should handle about 50 strawberry plants.\nHe even figured out how to install a sprinkler system/hose gizmo in the center, in case we need to water them during the dry spell in the summer.\nI would not have the patience and skills to build what you have, but even I Klutz that I am could maybe build the round one.\nNice! Great job.\nFrom here it looks like 1” x 4” and lengths of 4’,3’,2’,1’ all with a 3/4 x 1” dado (u shape cutout) about 2” from each end\nJust look at the picture and you’ve got it.\nDid you treat the wood with anything?\nI believe they used 2” X 8” I am going to Home Depot tomorrow to look into possible using that new plastic decking to build mine out of.\nThey used a couple of coats of wood preservatives, but if I use wood I am thinking of using linseed oil, something natural.\nOr a good quality tung oil.\nMy prep plans this week included ordering some grains I had not previously grown:\nAmaranth-leaves are edible and grain can be threshed by hand.\nAlso some Kamut - An ancient variety that is more nutritious than modern wheat.\nAnd Triticale - A type that will grow in moderate shade.\nBought a couple of booklets. One tells how to grow complete nutritious diet in the smallest possible area.\nThe other is growing medicinal herbs and recipes for using them.\nNo looks more like 1” x 4” decking planks to me.\nGood to know the leaves are edible. Not knowing what the plant looks like, I grew Russian Amarynth last year in a large pot. WOW! it was beautiful! Everyone who walked by it thought it was a fake dyed plant. It was so red.\nFor Halloween, I placed pumpkins around the pot. Looked great!\nI saved the seeds for resowing this year.\nI also tried growing rice in a pot. Harvested a cup of rice :-) That was fun.\nPut that on wheels and one could move it around the garden to catch the best sunlight.\nI don’t make the blanket statement that all Amaranth leaves are edible. In fact I am sure that some are more suitable than others. So to be on the safe side maybe just check out the particular type of seeds you have.\nThat’s so interesting that you were able to grow rice in a pot. That’s one I haven’t tried yet. In fact I put rice on my list to stockpile, because I knew that our weather was not suitable for rice production.\nYou can grow rice in any 10” high container that holds water. 6” of dirt covered with 2” of water for 100 days depending of rice type. I grew the Japanese sticky rice.\nMy growing season is very short. The rice finished growing indoors. When I brought it indoors in October, it still looked like blades of grass. By December I had a cup of rice. I started a new batch indoors two weeks ago. They have already germinated.\nuhm...ok... those are wimpy wheels!\nHow neat that is. How big was your container?\n...goes to a video called \"Pallet Dismantling/Stripping Bar® by Cargo Cycles\". Nothing about the article you linked to.\nAny old stockpot would do. My pot is 10” high and 11” wide. I made a mark at 8” high inside so when water evaporated I’d know to what level it should be added. I think I sowed about 100 seeds. The seeds have to have their covering (I forget what it’s called)in order to sprout. The grocery store rice won’t grow.\nNice! My local customers are totally into the Square Foot Gardening system this season. This is an off-shoot, but very do-able. :)\nmy weekly prep was ordering potassium iodide tea tree oil n heirloom seeds. last week i learned to make tortilla. this weekend i plant seeds in garde. next big project is solar. this subject is sooo confusing to me. volts x amps = watts. inverters controllers panels batteries sheesh\nSo it would take up quite a bit of space to grow your own and have enough to last to the next season, and quite a bit of seed too.\n100 seeds is about a teaspoon of rice. I could have fit over 500 seeds easily in that 10\" pot. A blade of rice grass produced approx 15 seeds.\n\"Next season\" doesn't apply here. If a new pot is started every few weeks indoors then one would always have a constant fresh supply of rice after 100 days or less! Consider it as an exotic house plant which needs no weeding or pruning.\nFor container growing, I really like my Earthboxes (http://www.earthbox.com). They are based on a soil-less system where you add fertilizer and minerals to a peat based mix. It has to be bottom watered so the container is covered to prevent top watering. Sounds weird, but these things produce so much more than in-ground planting. They have a section on their website explaining the science behind it.\nOne Grape tomato plant produced almost a cup a day for months last year.\nIn west Michigan here. Started my romaine lettuce just after Easter as usual in my very large pot with a plexiglass sheet over it. I have the best results with romaine lettuce, also called “paris cos” on the packet. It LOVES being transplanted, so when it is nice and thick and about 4” tall I pull it out in chunks, spread it out in a line and plant in rows in the garden. I don’t even try and separate the plants. I have a great yield and start up a new batch of seedlings when the first come out of the pot so I have 3 crops at least each year. Other leaf lettuces just seem to lay flat even though I have great well tested soil. The romaine has a crunchy spine and it always stand up nice and straight.\nThanks for the link, I’ll check it out. So how many milk jugs do you figure it would take to grow a lb. of rice?\nI wish I had spare pallets. I need them to stack firewood.\nDisclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The European Union (EU), has injected EUR2.5 million into Ghana’s agricultural sector to help increase farmers’ access to credit facilities to finance their agricultural production and businesses in the agricultural value chain within the next six years.\nThe fund would be managed by the Sinapi Aba Savings & Loans (SASL), a non-banking financial institution providing loans and savings products to individuals and Micro-Small-Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with a focus on rural areas and women.\nMrs Paulina Rozycka, the Head of the Infrastructure and Sustainable Development of the EU Delegation to Ghana, launched the initiative in Wa during a brief ceremony to hand over motorbikes to the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA).\nShe said the credit facility would provide access to finance to more farmers as part of the grand EU support in the agriculture sector under the EU Ghana Agricultural Programme (EU-GAP).\nMrs Rozycka observed that farmers and agricultural MSMEs were often excluded from the formal financing systems and had to deal with informal lenders or aggregators and having to bear higher interest rates.\n“This line of credit will increase the number of smallholders (in the agricultural value chain) benefitting from loans and financial products by more than 25,000 borrowers.\nMore farmers will now benefit from small loans to finance agricultural inputs or equipment with technical assistance”, she explained.\nSome farmers in the rural areas had complained of the high cost of farm inputs such as fertilizers and agrochemicals, which had affected their production abilities posing a risk of increased hunger and poverty to their families.\nMadam Seozuma Saanuuri, a smallholder farmer at Yeliyiri, a community in the Wa West District, said women farmers in the community were hard-hit with financial constraints in financing their farming activities.\n“We (women) are suffering a lot. This year we were not able to buy fertilizer for the farm. Getting a tractor too was difficult for us, so we did not get anything from our farms to feed our children.\n“So, we would have been happy if the government or any organization could help us with loans during the farming season to farm and cater for our children”, she appealed.\nThe situation was not different in the Biskan community in the Wa East District, where farmers said due to the high cost of fertilizers this year, they had to divert from cultivating high fertilizer demanding crops like maize to producing soybeans that needed minimum fertilizer to yield.\nMr Seidu Abdullai, a farmer in the Biskan community, said the high cost of farm inputs and tractor services coupled with the lack of financial support to farmers was rendering the agricultural sector unattractive to the youth.\nHowever, Mr Bob Zaato, Branch Manager for SASL in Wa, said the EUR2.5 million EU credit facility would help increase the value of loans given out to farmers as well as increase the number of farmers to have access to the loans.\n“It has not been an essay task working with farmers; however, we are doing all that we can to serve them anytime they knock at our doors,” he said in an interview with the Ghana News Agency (GNA) in Wa.\nMr Zaato said any business or activity within the agricultural value chain was qualified to request financial support from his institution saying, “From today, any time you visit our branches you will be served.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Florida horticulture industry (vegetables, ornamentals, citrus, and deciduous fruit), valued at $4.5 billion, has widely adopted microirrigation techniques to use water and fertilizer more efficiently. A broad array of microirrigation systems is available, and benefits of microirrigation go beyond water conservation. The potential for more-efficient agricultural chemical (pesticides and fertilizer) application is especially important in today's environmentally conscious society. Microirrigation is a tool providing growers with the power to better manage costly inputs, minimize environmental impact, and still produce high-quality products at a profit.\nG. J. Hochmuth, S. J. Locascio, T.E. Crocker, C.D. Stanley, G.A. Clark, and L.R Parsons\nD.R. La Bonte, J.M. Cannon, C.A. Clark, A.Q. Villordon, P.W. Wilson, A.H. Hammond, and R.N. Story\nSusan C. Miyasaka, Sharon Motomura-Wages, Ishakh Pulakkatu-Thodi, Michael J. Melzer, Christopher A. Clark, Don R. LaBonte, and Arthur Q. Villordon\nTissue-cultured, virus-tested (TC) plantlets of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas var. batatas) cultivars Okinawan, LA 08-21p, and Murasaki-29 were obtained from Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. The objectives of field trials conducted at the Kula Agricultural Park, Maui, HI, were to compare yield and pest resistance of 1) ‘Okinawan’ obtained from a commercial (C) field with TC ‘Okinawan’ and 2) TC Okinawan with the aforementioned TC cultivars. Trials were planted Oct. 2015 and Aug. 2016 and harvested 5 months later. Storage roots were graded according to State of Hawai’i standards, and marketable yields included Grades AA, A, and B. In addition, injuries due to sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) or rough sweetpotato weevil (Blosyrus asellus) were estimated. In both trials, fresh and dry weights of marketable storage roots of TC ‘Okinawan’ were nearly twice those from commercial planting material. In both trials, marketable fresh weights differed among the three TC cultivars; however, significant interactions were found, indicating that yields of cultivars differed between years. In the first field trial, ‘LA 08-21p’ had fresh marketable yields 1.6 to 1.7 times greater than TC ‘Okinawan’ and Murasaki-29, respectively. In the second trial, fresh marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ and ‘LA 08-21p’were similar and 1.7 to 1.5 times greater than that of ‘Murasaki-29’, respectively. In both trials, ‘LA 08-21p’ had greater sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other two cultivars. Interestingly, in the second year, TC ‘Okinawan’ had greater rough sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other cultivars. Our results indicate that tissue-cultured planting materials increased marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ compared with C ‘Okinawan’ sweetpotato and that the other TC cultivars did not produce greater yields than TC Okinawan.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Welcome to Wilhelm Farm\nOur 46-acre farm is typical of many small farms and forest ownerships in New England, in both its scale and composition. Much of the land is sloped and unsuited to cultivation; most of the property is wooded. Over its history the farm has operated as a subsistence farm, providing many benefits that fall outside of the measured economy.\nThe Wilhelm family has owned this farm for over 80 years. During their tenure as land stewards, the family has focused on managing the woods for production of timber, firewood, and wildlife habitat, while the tillable areas have been primarily used to produce food for the family. Surplus was sold or bartered.\nCurrent efforts continue this legacy of stewardship and conservation through the introduction of agroforestry practices and a better understanding of the home economies of self-sufficiency. With the help of a Conservation Innovation Grant, from the Natural Resource Conservation Service, we will document and share our work. Please follow and explore our project through the links below.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Turkey Agritech Market Insights Forecasts to 2032\n- The Turkey Agritech Market Size was valued at USD XX Million in 2022.\n- The Market is growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2022 to 2032.\n- The Turkey Agritech Market Size is expected to reach USD XX Million by 2032.\nGet more details on this report -\nThe Turkey Agritech Market is projected to exceed USD XX million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2022 to 2032. The Turkey Agritech Market is a rapidly expanding sector that encompasses a wide range of technologies aimed at transforming and modernizing the country's agricultural industry. The adoption of agritech solutions enhances productivity, sustainability, and profitability while addressing key challenges faced by Turkish farmers.\nThe Turkey Agritech Market refers to the agricultural technology sector in Turkey, which encompasses various innovative solutions and technologies aimed at improving the efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of agricultural practices in the country. Turkey has a long history and strong tradition in agriculture, and the agritech sector has been rapidly growing in recent years. The government has been actively promoting the adoption of technology in agriculture to enhance productivity and address challenges such as water scarcity, climate change, and labor shortages.\nKey areas of focus in the Turkey agritech market include precision agriculture, smart farming, agricultural biotechnology, farm management systems, and agricultural robotics. These technologies enable farmers to make data-driven decisions, optimize resource utilization, and automate various farming processes.\nPrecision agriculture plays a crucial role in the Turkish agritech sector, utilizing technologies such as satellite imagery, drones, and sensor-based systems to gather data on soil conditions, crop health, and weather patterns. This data helps farmers optimize fertilizer and pesticide use, manage irrigation more efficiently, and improve overall crop yield and quality.\nThis research report categorizes the market for Turkey agritech market based on various segments and regions and forecasts revenue growth and analyzes trends in each submarket. The report analyses the key growth drivers, opportunities, and challenges influencing the Turkey agritech market. Recent market developments and competitive strategies such as expansion, product launch, and development, partnership, merger, and acquisition have been included to draw the competitive landscape in the market. The report strategically identifies and profiles the key market players and analyses their core competencies in each sub-segment of the Turkey agritech market.\nTurkey Agritech Market Report Coverage\n|Market Size in 2022:||USD XX Million|\n|Forecast Period 2022-2032 CAGR:||XX%|\n|2032 Value Projection:||USD XX Million|\n|Historical Data for:||2019-2021|\n|No. of Pages:||200|\n|Tables, Charts & Figures:||130|\n|Segments covered:||By Type, By Application, By Sector, and COVID-19 Impact Analysis|\n|Companies Covered:||Sibernetik, Tarfin, Tarimsal BT, GreenBox, YOREM TARIM, Farmobile, BUSO, SoilBiome, Agrikey Biyoteknoloji A.S., Bee Vectoring Technologies International Inc., Nanomik Biotechnology, Doktar, Bilkent Cyberpark, Others|\n|Pitfalls & Challenges:||COVID-19 Empact, Challenge, Future, Growth, & Analysis|\nGet more details on this report -\nThe Turkish government has been actively supporting and promoting the adoption of agritech solutions. It has implemented policies, incentives, and subsidies to encourage farmers to adopt advanced technologies and practices. These initiatives aim to enhance agricultural productivity, improve food security, and address sustainability challenges in the sector.\nRapid advancements in technology have led to the development of innovative solutions specifically designed for the agriculture sector. Technologies such as precision agriculture, IoT, big data analytics, and robotics are becoming more accessible and affordable. These technological advancements provide farmers with tools to optimize resource utilization, increase crop yields, and improve overall farm efficiency.\nTurkey has a growing population and increasing food demand. Ensuring food security is a top priority for the country. Agritech solutions enable farmers to produce more with limited resources, improve crop quality, and reduce post-harvest losses. By adopting these technologies, Turkey can enhance its food production capabilities and meet the rising demand for agricultural products.\nThe cost of agritech solutions can be a significant restraint, particularly for small and resource-constrained farmers. The initial investment required for advanced technologies such as precision agriculture systems, robotics, and farm management software can be high. Limited access to financing options further impedes farmers' ability to adopt these technologies.\nThe effective utilization of agritech solutions requires skilled farmers and agricultural professionals who can understand and implement these technologies. However, there may be a skills and training gap in the agricultural workforce, particularly regarding digital literacy and technology integration. Training programs and capacity-building initiatives are necessary to bridge this gap.\nThe Turkey Agritech Market share is segmented into type, application, and sector.\n- The biotechnology and biochemical segment is expected to grow at the fastest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period.\nBased on the type, the Turkey agritech market is segmented into biotechnology and biochemical, big data and analytics, sensors and connected devices, mobility, and others. Among these, the biotechnology and biochemical segment is expected to grow at the fastest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period. The biotechnology and biochemical segment in the Turkey Agritech Market involves the application of genetic engineering and biotechnological techniques to improve crop traits, enhance disease resistance, and develop varieties with higher nutritional content. Biotechnology helps in addressing productivity challenges and increasing crop yields. It includes activities such as genetic modification, tissue culture, and molecular breeding. Biotechnology plays a significant role in enhancing the quality and quantity of agricultural production in Turkey.\n- The production and maintenance segment is expected to grow at the highest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period.\nBased on the application, the Turkey agritech market is classified into irrigation, production and maintenance, supply chain, marketplace, and others. Among these, the production and maintenance segment is expected to grow at the highest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period. The reason for the growth is, the segment involves technologies and solutions that enhance the production process and ensure the proper maintenance of agricultural assets and equipment. This includes farm management software, machinery maintenance systems, and monitoring tools for crop health. These solutions help farmers streamline their production operations, improve efficiency, and reduce downtime. They also aid in optimizing resource allocation, managing inventories, and enhancing overall productivity in the agricultural sector.\n- Smart agriculture is projected to grow at the fastest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period.\nBased on the sector, the Turkey agritech market is classified into agriculture, smart agriculture, precision farming, agrochemicals, biotechnology, and indoor farming. Among these, Smart agriculture is projected to grow at the fastest pace in the Turkey agritech market during the forecast period. The reason behind the growth is, the smart agriculture segment focuses on the integration of digital technologies and IoT devices to enhance farming practices. It includes the use of sensors, drones, and connected devices to monitor and manage various aspects of agriculture, such as soil moisture, weather conditions, and livestock health. Smart agriculture solutions provide real-time data, enabling farmers to make informed decisions, optimize resource allocation, and implement precision farming practices.\nThe report offers the appropriate analysis of the key organizations/companies involved within the Turkey agritech market along with a comparative evaluation primarily based on their product offering, business overviews, geographic presence, enterprise strategies, segment market share, and SWOT analysis. The report also provides an elaborative analysis focusing on the current news and developments of the companies, which includes product development, innovations, joint ventures, partnerships, mergers & acquisitions, strategic alliances, and others. This allows for the evaluation of the overall competition within the market.\nList of Key Companies\n- Tarimsal BT\n- YOREM TARIM\n- Agrikey Biyoteknoloji A.S.\n- Bee Vectoring Technologies International Inc.\n- Nanomik Biotechnology\n- Bilkent Cyberpark\nKey Target Audience\n- Market Players\n- Government Authorities\n- Consulting and Research Firm\n- Venture capitalists\n- Value-Added Resellers (VARs)\n- On April 2022, Tarfin, the regional leader in agricultural financial technology, began operations in Romania on April 7. According to the company, it focuses on assisting Romanian farmers and agricultural input suppliers by combining traditional distribution channels with technology and financial resources.\nThis study forecasts revenue at, regional, and country levels from 2019 to 2030. Spherical Insights has segmented the Turkey Agritech Market based on the below-mentioned segments:\nTurkey Agritech Market, By Type\n- Biotechnology and Biochemical\n- Big Data and Analytics\n- Sensors and Connected Devices\n- Mobility and Others\nTurkey Agritech Market, By Application\n- Production and Maintenance\n- Supply Chain\nTurkey Agritech Market, By Sector\n- Smart Agriculture\n- Precision Farming\n- Indoor Farming\nNeed help to buy this report?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seeding your lawn is more cost-effective than inserting grass sprigs or laying down sheets of mature sod. Seeding also takes longer to get the lawn established, and the nature of grass seeds means gardeners must take extra precautions to protect the seeds to ensure a thick and vigorous future turf. Several management strategies can help the gardener maximize his success with starting a new lawn from seed.\nTime the Sowing\nGardeners should sow lawn seed during the late summer or early fall. During this time, cool nights and warm days make the ideal environment for seed germination.\nMulch has many benefits for a newly seeded lawn. First, it protects new grass seed from being blown away or eaten by birds. Second, it shields the soil and seeds from being washed away when the area is watered. Finally, it conserves soil moisture and helps keep seeds and seedlings consistently hydrated. Gardeners should only apply a light layer of mulch so that 50 percent of the underlying soil is still visible. Too much mulch and the underlying grass seedlings will be smothered.\nFailing to correctly water a newly seeded lawn is an easy way to kill off grass seedlings. The soil should never be allowed to dry out or the fragile seedlings will whither and seeds will not germinate. Gardeners must keep the top inch of soil moist all day. Depending on the regional climate, this may require four or five watering sessions per day. Once the grass is an inch tall, the amount of water should be increased to provide a deeper level of moisture to a depth of four to six inches. This encourages deep root development.\nIt can take up to two months for a newly seeded lawn to grow tall enough for mowing, according to the University of California. The first time the gardener mows, the grass should be trimmed to 150 percent of the maximum height recommended for the specific turfgrass species (see Resources). For example, St. Augustinegrass is typically cut at 2 inches. The first time its mowed, it should only be trimmed to 3 inches. This gives the grass time to establish itself fully. Wait four to five days before mowing again, this time trimming the grass down to its recommended height.\nFertilization helps boost lawn seed germination rates and helps the new seedlings develop appropriately, according to Purdue University. Gardeners should apply a lawn starter fertilizer on the seeded area at the rate listed on its label. Purdue University recommends any starter product that's high in phosphorous, such as one with a 16-22-8 nutrient ratio.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can I grow an Emperor in a pot?\nI bought a 4 inch stick of Japanese Maple Emperor last summer. By fall, it had many little leaves and was starting to grow pretty good.\nIt is in a glazed pot buried in the ground with mulch and leaves for protection for the winter.\nMy problem is, my back yard is full sun all day.\nI can't plant it in the ground, because it can't take full sun all day.\nCan I keep it in a pot for the next couple of years at least so that I can move it to the front of my house on the porch?\nMabey an arbor with a vine cover will provide some shade so that I can plant it in the yard? But it will outgrow the arbor eventually, right?\nIs there a fast growing tree that I can plant to provide shade for it?\nAppreciate any suggestions. I love Japanese Maples and I don't want to kill it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Did you know that cocoa beans are a valuable resource in Minecraft, allowing players to craft various useful items and potions?\nIf you’re looking to obtain cocoa beans in the game, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we will explore different methods to acquire cocoa beans, including growing them on trees, finding them in jungle biomes, trading with villagers, and more.\nGet ready to embark on a cocoa bean-hunting adventure and enhance your Minecraft experience!\nGrowing Cocoa Beans on Trees\nThe process of growing cocoa beans on trees involves nurturing the tree’s growth and facilitating the development of its own cocoa pods. In Minecraft, cocoa beans are a valuable resource that can be used in various ways, making it crucial to understand how to grow them effectively.\nTo ensure optimal conditions for growing cocoa beans on trees, players must first find a jungle biome, which is the only biome where cocoa beans can be found naturally.\nOnce in the jungle biome, players can search for cocoa beans attached to the sides of jungle tree trunks. These cocoa beans can then be harvested and replanted on any jungle log or oak log.\nTo facilitate the growth of cocoa beans, players need to place the cocoa beans on the side of the log, ensuring that they have enough space around them to grow.\nAdequate lighting is also essential for the optimal growth of cocoa beans. Players should avoid planting cocoa beans in cramped spaces or areas with low light levels, as this can hinder their growth.\nIn Minecraft, cocoa beans have various uses, making them a valuable commodity. They can be crafted into cookies, used as a dye for wool, or combined with milk and sugar to create delicious chocolate cakes.\nAdditionally, cocoa beans can be traded with villagers to obtain valuable items and resources. Understanding how to grow cocoa beans effectively on trees is essential for players who desire freedom in their Minecraft adventures.\nFinding Cocoa Beans in Jungle Biomes\nTo successfully locate cocoa beans in jungle biomes, players must carefully explore the dense vegetation and towering trees. These biome types are characterized by their lush greenery and abundant foliage, making it harder to spot the cocoa beans. However, with a keen eye and a little patience, players can find these valuable beans.\nOne useful technique for accelerating cocoa bean growth is by using bonemeal. Bonemeal can be crafted by placing bones in a crafting table, and it can be used to instantly grow crops and plants.\nWhen applied to cocoa beans planted on jungle tree trunks, bonemeal can speed up the growth process, allowing players to harvest more beans in a shorter amount of time.\nCocoa beans have multiple benefits in Minecraft, making them a valuable food source. When eaten, cocoa beans restore hunger points, providing sustenance to players on their adventures.\nAdditionally, cocoa beans can be used in the crafting recipe for cookies, a tasty treat that also restores hunger. Therefore, finding cocoa beans in jungle biomes not only provides sustenance but also opens up the possibility of creating delicious cookies to enjoy during gameplay.\nTrading With Villagers for Cocoa Beans\nOne way players can acquire cocoa beans in Minecraft is by trading with villagers, as they often offer a variety of valuable items and resources. Here are some methods players can use to obtain cocoa beans through trading:\n- Bartering with piglins for cocoa beans:\nPlayers can venture into the Nether and find piglins, who have a chance of dropping cocoa beans as a barter item. By offering gold ingots to piglins, players can initiate a trade and potentially acquire cocoa beans in return.\n- Using bone meal to accelerate cocoa bean growth on trees:\nAnother method to obtain cocoa beans is by growing them on jungle trees. Players can collect bones from skeletons and craft them into bone meal. By using bone meal on a jungle tree sapling, players can accelerate its growth and increase the chances of cocoa beans spawning on the tree.\nWith these trading methods, players have the freedom to choose the most suitable approach for obtaining cocoa beans. However, if trading with villagers or bartering with piglins proves to be challenging, players can also consider harvesting cocoa beans from dungeon chests, as will be discussed in the next section.\nHarvesting Cocoa Beans From Dungeon Chests\nPlayers can acquire cocoa beans by searching for dungeon chests and looting them. Dungeon chests are found in underground structures called dungeons, which are randomly generated in Minecraft.\nThese chests contain various valuable items, including cocoa beans. To increase the chances of finding cocoa beans in dungeon chests, players can explore multiple dungeons and loot their chests.\nOnce players have obtained cocoa beans, they can use bonemeal to accelerate the growth of cocoa bean plants. Bonemeal is a valuable item that can be crafted by placing bones in a crafting table. By applying bonemeal to cocoa bean plants, players can quickly grow more cocoa beans, allowing for a sustainable supply.\nFor players who desire a more automated approach, they can create cocoa bean farms using redstone technology. Redstone is a special material in Minecraft that allows for the creation of complex circuits and mechanisms. By utilizing redstone contraptions, players can automate the process of growing and harvesting cocoa beans, saving time and effort.\nObtaining Cocoa Beans Through Fishing and Treasure Hunting\nFishing and treasure hunting are two viable methods for obtaining cocoa beans in Minecraft. These methods provide a sense of freedom and adventure, allowing players to explore different aspects of the game while pursuing their desired outcome.\nHere are some ways you can obtain cocoa beans through fishing and treasure hunting:\n- Fishing: Casting your fishing line into the water increases your chances of finding treasure, including cocoa beans. Here’s what you need to know:\n- Find a body of water, such as a river or an ocean biome.\n- Craft a fishing rod using sticks and string.\n- Cast your line into the water and wait for a bite.\n- Reel in your catch and collect any treasures, including cocoa beans.\n- Treasure Hunting: Exploring dungeons and shipwrecks can also lead to the discovery of cocoa beans. Here’s what you need to do:\n- Locate dungeons or shipwrecks in your Minecraft world.\n- Navigate through the structure and defeat any hostile mobs that stand in your way.\n- Search chests within the dungeons or shipwrecks for valuable loot, which may include cocoa beans.\nOnce you have obtained cocoa beans, you can use them to make delicious chocolate treats, such as cookies or cake. Additionally, you can speed up the growth of cocoa beans by applying bonemeal to the cocoa plant, allowing you to harvest more beans in a shorter amount of time.\nHappy fishing and treasure hunting!\nFrequently Asked Questions\nCan Cocoa Beans Be Grown on Any Type of Tree in Minecraft?\nCocoa beans in Minecraft can only be grown on jungle trees. However, players can farm cocoa beans without a jungle biome by obtaining cocoa beans from dungeons, mineshafts, or trading with villagers.\nHow Common Are Jungle Biomes in Minecraft?\nJungle biomes in Minecraft can be found by exploring different regions of the game world. To efficiently navigate these biomes, players can use various strategies such as using maps, exploring river systems, and looking for distinct features like tall jungle trees and cocoa beans.\nCan Cocoa Beans Be Obtained Through Trading With Villagers in All Minecraft Versions?\nCocoa beans in Minecraft have various uses, including crafting cookies. However, it is important to note that cocoa beans cannot be obtained through trading with villagers in all versions of the game.\nAre Dungeon Chests the Only Source of Cocoa Beans in Dungeons?\nAlternative sources of cocoa beans in Minecraft, excluding dungeon chests, can be found by exploring jungles and breaking cocoa pods. Unique methods to obtain cocoa beans in Minecraft without relying on dungeon chests provide players with greater freedom in their gameplay.\nIs There a Specific Tool Required for Fishing Cocoa Beans in Minecraft?\nCocoa beans are not an essential ingredient for brewing potions in Minecraft, but they can be used to craft cookies and brown dye. There is no limit to the number of cocoa beans that can be harvested from a single cocoa plant.\nIn conclusion, obtaining cocoa beans in Minecraft can be achieved through various methods such as:\n- Growing them on trees\n- Finding them in jungle biomes\n- Trading with villagers\n- Harvesting them from dungeon chests\n- Obtaining them through fishing and treasure hunting\nAs the saying goes, ‘Patience is a virtue,’ and players who persevere in their search for cocoa beans will be rewarded with the necessary ingredient for crafting delicious treats in the game.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Raw Spinach Juice Powder\nRemember why we're usually told that we should eat more green vegetables? What we don't realize is how much nutritional value those green vegetables have. Vitamins C, A, E, B-complex, K, and amino acids abound in spinach. Fresh spinach juice powder is high in anti-inflammatory effects, helps to fight infections, and promotes heart health. This green is chock-full of nutrients that support your body's various functions.\nRemember how we always hear that we have to eat green veggies but what we don’t know is how much those green vegetables contain nutritional values. Spinach is full of vitamin C, A, E, B-complex, K, and amino acids. Fresh Spinach Juice powder is rich in anti-inflammatory properties, fights germs, and helps in keeping a healthy heart. This green is full of goodness for every function of your body.\nLet the green be the medicine and medicine be the green! Everything you eat is a step towards nourishing your body so if you want better health, you need better food. The organic Healthy Spinach Powder dehydrates at low temperatures so that its rich nutrients and flavors remain intact.\nDo you want a high-nutrient fresh spinach juice? You may get a tonne of nutrients (Vitamin C, A, E, B-Complex, and K), iron, essential vitamins, and amino acids in a single item with Yae Organics-Organic Keto Raw Spinach Juice Powder. Because the juice is prepared by drying out spinach juice at low temperatures, the inherent content and flavors are preserved.\nPopeye was right; spinach really is good for you. Spinach is a leafy vegetable that belongs to the same family as kale and beets and is not only great tasting but also able to provide your body with excellent nutrition and can cure many health problems. Spinach is a leafy green vegetable, full of vitamins, iron, essential nutrients, and amino acids. All of the minerals present in this healthy vegetable are alkaline in nature and help maintain the pH level balance in the body.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Buhler AG - Sponsor of the conference \"Ukrainian soybean market - 2014\"\nThe company Bühler AG became the sponsor of the second international conference \"Ukrainian soybean market - 2014\", to be held on June 18-19 in Odessa (hotel \"Bristol\").\nThe company Bühler is the global leader, specialist and technology partner for plant and equipment and related services for processing grains, basic foods and manufacturing advanced materials.\nBühler is the ideal partner in the sphere of primary processing of soybeans prior to oil extraction. Bühler proposes competent services for designing and realization of the beginning and final stages of the process, the processes of cold and hot peeling, and processes without peeling, for various stages of soybean processing. The delivery program includes machines and equipment for transportation and shipment, weighing, cleaning, conditioning, grinding, peeling and crushing. In addition, the company Bühler offers the extensive range of services in planning processes and production technologies for processing of husk and extraction meal. The combination of proven reliability, innovative technologies and rather wide range of services, completely minimizes the costs throughout the equipment operating life in terms of simultaneous achieving the maximum output of useful products.\nSoybeans have rather important role among pulses and forage oilseeds as a source of protein and energy for animal breeding. Features of soybeans are necessary to consider in designing storage silos. In terms of acceptance, transportation, cleaning and drying of soybeans, the companies should take into account that the oilseed is rather aggressive product. Bühler has the necessary modern technologies for the specific product and solutions for the elevator industry. The presentation “Modern technologies and energy-saving equipment for elevator farming”of Alexander Ocheretny, Director of grain logistics department of the representative office of Buhler AG in Ukraine, will specify features of soybean storage in Ukraine.\nYou can meet with representatives of Bühler at the conference \"Ukrainian soybean market – 2014”.\nYou can become acquainted with more detailed information about the Ukrainian soybean market, by taking part in the second international conference \"Ukrainian soybean market - 2014\", to be held on June 18-19, 2014, in Odessa, Ukraine.\nOrganizational committee provides more detailed information on conditions of participation in conference, sponsorship, or making a presentation:\n+380 562 320-795 ext.166, +7 495 789-44-19 Inna Chernenko\nYou should be authorized to post comment\nForeign investors to provide 300 mln USD in construction of oil extraction plants in Odessa oblast\nUkrainian agricultural exports demonstrate steady growth rates - Ministry of Agrarian Policy\nUkraine planted winter grains throughout over 5.5 mln ha - Ministry of Agrarian Policy\nOctober 13, 13:30\nUkraine: in the current season, the production of basic crops significantly exceeds the domestic market needs - Ministry of Agrarian Policy\nOctober 13, 11:00\nUkrainian producers of sunflower oil reduced the offer prices\nOctober 12, 16:00\nUkrainian grain traders have zero economic benefits of the EU quotas - UGA\nOctober 12, 11:10", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "London Glades Project\nWe are very excited about our upcoming design project London Glades which will, with your help, appear at the Hampton Court Flower Show this July. Intended for an urban location, we have created a low maintenance self sustaining eco system. Based on edible forest gardening principles and the ancient art of Hugelkultur, the garden offers its users a peaceful solitude with seasonal high yield gourmet produce of fruit, nuts, edible flowers and leaves, unusual roots and shiitake mushroom logs ready to harvest around the year. Almost everything in the garden has an edible quality, yet looks and feels like a natural edge of forest space. We aim to create a user friendly, peaceful garden, close to nature, whilst appealing to the public perception of what beauty is, away from controlled gardens with manicured lawns, chemical controls and tightly clipped borders towards something more aligned with nature. There is no hard landscaping in the garden, using alternative lawn techniques to create walkable, usuable surfaces while limiting carbon footprint. We have also created a 250 page bound book intended to be given to the user of our garden, in which techniques, philosophy, harvest calendars and recipes for the produce in the garden are explained. We hope that by inspiring the user in this way they will understand how to use the space and take on a deeper relationship with their garden.\nWhy we are so passionate about our garden\n- We are informing the public on pioneering sustainable techniques from around the world which work with nature towards a better future\n- Introducing a wealth of edible planting to the public eye which is uncommon yet sustainable and easy to grow, showing how these can be cultivated in gardens with low maintenance/ high yield.\n- Exploring environmentally organic principles for a non chemically controlled future\n- Challenging public perception of the concept of beauty in a natural space- moving away from control towards a deeper relationship with the environment.\n- Heralding the work of leading permaculture and pioneering garden designers such as Sepp Holzer, Martin Crawford, Mary Reynolds and Masinobu Fukouka and inviting the general public to explore a fascinating environmental movement that works towards a better future.\n- Aiming to promote a new culture of communities which have the conservation of the natural world at the heart of their principles and realising that we are a part of that world.\nThe RHS have shown a lot of excitement for our design and given us a starter £5000 towards our show garden build positioning us in a prime location in their Gardens for a Changing World arena. The publicity available over the course of show week is amazing, offering us the chance to spread our message and establish ourselves and our ethos within the public eye. There are 150,000 visitors to the show plus a full weeks BBC coverage and international media publicity which reaches millions of readers and viewers. We also have an arranged visit to our garden live on BBC with celebrity chefs to discuss and cook produce from our garden. We aim to spend the show week interacting with the public and media, handing out leaflets and brochures of our cause and getting people as passionate as we are! It's a very exciting way of spreading an important message!\nWhy we need your support\nWe ourselves at Future Gardens are putting £20,000 into the design, build and base materials and sundries, while the RHS grant of £5,000 will go towards a portion of the edible planting that is required for a garden of this size (100m2 of show garden level planting is required). We wanted to secure the final £15,000 needed through a sponsor that met our sustainable requirements but have found this challenging within the short time frames that we have had since RHS told us we were successful applicants for the show. We need a further £15,000 to make sure this show garden looks as stunning as we know it needs to look to gain a \"show level\" positive public and RHS judging response.\nHow your money will support us\nEstablished large and medium trees - £5660\nShrubs and herbaceous perennials, groundcover - £4980\nWildflower glade turf - £1560\nGreen manures and compost sundries - £1000\nConservation hedging - £1200\nLeaflets/ Brochures print out - £600\nAs this is for a show garden we of course must dismantle the site after show and remove plants to good homes. We are more than happy to offer these to any of our donors in quantities that can be discussed directly with us by collection or delivery arranged by yourselves. Alternatively we have made arrangements with the charity Mind in Harringay whose allotments and cultivation ethos for healthy mind and body is a cause close to our hearts and local to our homes. We will be donating the remainder of edible stock left over to their cause and discussing ways to implement this into their spaces.\nAs our edible plants are at times unusual and unique a lot of the time only smaller specialist growers are who we can obtain necessary quantities from. So your money will also be supporting these local heroes too!\nPlease do all you can to help this worthwhile cause, and if you can't contribute yourselves please pass on to as many people as possible to help spread the message and raise this much needed funding to make sure we can do our part in the great natural revolution that is unfolding for a better future!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Drip irrigation kit of the highest possible quality are available from us in Kenya. A main water supply line, a pressure regulator, an in-line filter, and a network of drip lines and emitters are typically in drip irrigation kits. Drip kit systems from Aqua Hub Kenya are available in sizes of 1/8 acre, 1/2 acre, 1/4 acre, and 1 acre. The number of lines per bed and the size of the farm will influence the price. A skilled drip irrigation design ought to focus on a number of distinct aspects. Three factors influence a drip kit’s design: uniformity, dependability, and efficiency. Variations in the water supply will directly affect how consistently the crop grows. Therefore, uniformity is essential when growing crops for commercial purposes.\nWhat components make up a drip irrigation kit?\nA typical drip irrigation kit includes the following components:\n- Mainline tubing: This is the main supply line that carries water from the source to the other components of the system.\n- Pressure regulator: This component also helps to regulate the water pressure and keep it within the recommended range. For efficient and effective irrigation.\n- Filter: This component is applicable to remove any debris or particles from the water before it reaches the other components of the system.\n- Emitters: These are small devices that release water directly to the root zone of plants. Providing them with a slow and consistent supply of water.\n- Microtubing: This small tubing connects emitters to the main supply line.\n- Fittings: They connect the various components of the system and can include elbows, T-connectors, and end caps.\n- Stakes: They also secure the tubing and keep it in place.\n- Timer: This component allows you to program and automate the watering schedule. Ensuring that your plants receive the right amount of water at the right time.\n- A water source: This could also be a water tank, a well, or a hose tap.\n- A pump for water: This is used to transport water to the irrigation system from the source.\nIn general, a drip irrigation kit is a water-saving and cost-effective way to water your plants. It also helps you save water and makes sure that every plant gets the right amount of water, which can help them grow and be more productive.\nHow much does a drip kit cost in Kenya?\nThe size of the garden or field being irrigated and the components that are included in the kit determine how much a drip kit costs in Kenya. The amount of land used and the number of lines installed per bed may influence the cost. 1 Acre and 1 Acre are the smallest and largest acreages, respectively. There may be one, two, or three lines per bed, depending on the crops you produce. As a result, prices range from Ksh 10,000 to Ksh 130,000.\n|Size / Lines Per Bed||1 Line||2 Lines||3 Lines|\nSome crops may require one drip line per bed, while others may require two, and so on. Tomatoes, capsicums, sukuma wiki, and other plants benefit from two drip lines. For onions and garlic, drip irrigation systems have three drip lines per bed. It’s important to remember that a drip irrigation kit can save a lot of money in the long run because it can increase crop yields and save a lot of water. Furthermore, the expense can change depending upon the merchant and the nature of the parts, so it is essential to research and look at changed choices before buying cautiously.\nWhat factors influence the cost of drip kits in Kenya?\n- Size of the kit: The size of the kit, in terms of the number of emitters and length of tubing, can impact the overall cost. Larger kits will typically be more expensive than smaller kits.\n- Quality of components: The quality of the components used in the kit, such as the type of tubing and the reliability of the emitters, can impact the cost. Higher-quality components tend to be more expensive but may also offer greater durability and efficiency.\n- Brand: The brand of the kit can also impact the cost. Some well-established brands may charge more for their products due to the perceived value of their brand, while others may offer more affordable options.\n- Availability: The availability of drip irrigation kits in Kenya can also impact the cost. If there is high demand for the kits and limited supply, prices may be higher. Conversely, if there is abundant supply and low demand, prices may be lower.\n- Labor costs: The cost of installation and any necessary labor can also impact the overall cost of a drip irrigation kit in Kenya. If professional installation is required, this can add to the cost of the kit.\n- Size of the field or garden: The number of necessary parts and the total cost of the kit will be determined by the size of the garden or field being irrigated.\n- Components included: The price will also be affected by the kind of parts in the kit. For instance, a kit with basic components will cost less than one with high-quality water pumps and pressure regulators.\n- Vendor location: The price may also be influenced by the vendor’s location, as prices can vary by region.\nWhat is the importance of drip kits in Kenya?\nDrip irrigation kits are important in Kenya for several reasons:\n- Water conservation: Drip irrigation systems deliver water directly to the roots of plants, reducing water waste and evaporation. This helps conserve water resources, which is especially important in arid regions like Kenya, where water is scarce.\n- Increased crop yield: By delivering water and nutrients directly to the roots of plants, drip irrigation systems can also increase crop yields and quality. This is especially important for small-scale farmers, who may struggle to produce enough food to feed their families.\n- Improved soil health: Drip irrigation systems can help improve soil health by reducing soil erosion and waterlogging, which can cause soil degradation. By delivering water and nutrients directly to the roots of plants, the soil is less likely to become waterlogged, which can lead to better root development and healthier plants.\n- Increased efficiency: Drip irrigation systems are also highly efficient, allowing farmers to water their crops using less water than traditional irrigation methods. This can also reduce costs and increase profits for farmers, helping to improve their livelihoods.\nOverall, drip irrigation kits are a valuable tool for farmers in Kenya and can also play a key role in supporting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in the region.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Moringa is a small tree that grows in the tropical regions of the word. It is called “malunggay” or “kalamunggay” in the Philippines. The plant can grow as high as 10 to 20 feet. Its bark is whitish gray which is surrounded with thick cork. The leaves are round and small, and the pods are long and slender.\nDespite the softness of the plant’s wood and tender parts, moringa is in fact a hardy plant. In tropical climate it grows fast in almost any type of soil and is resistant to drought. Even a discarded trunk or branch on the ground will sprout young leaves and a new plant grows. The plant can be propagated through its seeds or cuttings. Moringa is easy to cultivate. A grown plant can sustain itself without much care and cultivation. In most cases fertilizer and pesticide are not necessary.\nMoringa is primarily planted for its leaves and green pods as vegetable. The leaves are added in fish soup and chicken based dish that is called “tinola” and in vegetable dishes that are creamed with coconut milk. The plant is dubbed as a “poor man’s vegetable” because of its cheapness and abundance. In our family, we used to have plenty of this plant in our compound which also served as border fence in the sloping portion of our land. The plants had lush leaves and plentiful fruits. But we seldom harvest them, and if we did we only used the leaves and left the pods alone. Other people could help themselves with the leaves and the pods if they asked for them.\nThe leaves are the most nutritious parts of the plants. Like almost green leafy vegetables , the moringa leaves contain Vitamins B, C and K, beta carotene, potassium, manganese, protein and other special nutrients. Because of its nutritional value moringa is recommended by the government for consumption of lactating mothers and children. Some bread such as “pan de sal” and noodles are fortified with moringa leaves to enhance its nutritional contents.\nThe hype that some herbs, fruits and vegetables have medicinal properties that are at par or better than conventional drugs has created an impression to some people that herbal products offer hope for the treatment of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and even cancer. However, health authorities have warned people over the use of those products as alternative medicines because official confirmation has yet to be issued regarding their effectiveness.\nMoringa is used to be regarded only as a backyard plant because of its low commercial importance, but now some farmers cultivate it in large scale because of the increasing demand of natural herbal products for food supplement and alternative medicines. Moringa leaves are dried and made into organic powder, capsule, oil, tea, food supplement and other products. Aside from consuming the leaves as vegetable, locals use it also in traditional medicine. As an example, a cup of boiled moringa leaves is used to treat constipation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Community gardens provide opportunities for Durango residents, who may not have access to their own garden space, to grow healthy local food.\nDuring 2016, support from the City enabled the Garden Project of Southwest Colorado, to expand activities at the Manna Soup Kitchen Garden, helping to create gardening opportunities for local people and provide fresh, health ingredients to the Soup Kitchen.\nThe Garden Project is a local non-profit aiming to grow a healthier community through the support and development of school and community garden programs that promote health and wellness, environmental stewardship and a sustainable local food system.\nThe Garden Project also helps support the City of Durango's garden at City Hall which provides employees with an opportunity to get outside and learn about sustainable gardening practices. After the 2016 harvest, employees donated some of their produce to the Garden Project to be distributed at the Manna Market!\nFor more information on the Garden Project of Southwest Colorado's current projects and volunteer opportunities please visit The Garden Project", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As recently as yesterday we complained about the fact that mudslides and landslides have become more frequent, while today we complain about heat and dust storms. It seems that only recently we first heard from scientists about climate change and its impacts, and thought these would be far away and not affect us, but today we feel their influence in all aspects of our lives.\nA workshop was held for farmers around the Fergana Valley’s cities on 27-29 June, dedicated to climate change and its impacts on agricultural development. This event was held within the ‘Enhancing the adaptation and strengthening the resilience of farming to Climate Change Risks in Fergana Valley’ joint project of UNDP and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Uzbekistan, implemented with financial support from the Russian Federation.\nAgricultural products are the main income source for the Fergana Valley’s citizenry, who mostly live in rural areas. Farmers and rural households have for several years faced problems related to climate change’s impacts on produce quantity and quality.\nIssues considered during the regional workshop included climate change’s main factors and consequences, their impacts on agricultural development, possible adaptation measures, and issues related to food security.\nAdaptation measures to address climate change’s risks have attracted particular interest and created engaged discussions among the workshop participants. Such measures have included crop planting schemes which consider the sun’s movement, irrigation methods using hydrogel, obtaining air condensates with nets, applying different types of mulch for different crops, and utilizing drip irrigation and sprinkling systems.\nWhen discussing methods of combating and adapting to climate change’s impacts, participants emphasized the need to continuously improve agricultural practices, given that today it is no longer possible to farm in a traditional way. As such, it is now necessary to find new ways to solve problems, learn from experience, involve young people in agriculture, and share knowledge.\nVideo materials presented during the workshop showed agricultural practices used in leading exporting countries. These in particular included approaches to greenhouse farming and seed industry used in the Netherlands, different water saving measures, and drip irrigation methods applied in Israel.\n\"I think that every farmer should be able to anticipate the risks of climate phenomena, and take measures to prepare for nature's whims. With regard to what these measures are, it is necessary to use seedlings and seeds of drought-and-heat-resistant varieties which are least susceptible to diseases and pests, use nets to protect against possible sunscorch and hail, and apply means to delay or accelerate crop awakening in the early spring,” said workshop participant Mamurbek Islomov, head of the Bogbon TRAM Agro cooperative.\n“A good farmer will not give up even if a harvest is lost due to natural factors, because they will have created a well-developed plan for growing another crop that will save them from losses, and it is possible they will even come out with a profit.”\nToday, when assessing the situation related to climate change’s consequences, it can be concluded that our farmers facing extreme weather phenomena have begun to prioritize obtaining and strengthening their knowledge in this area. They are interested in applying measures which not only enable adaptation to climate change’s consequences, but also greatly reduce their impact.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Author: Surendra Dara\nIntegrated pest management recommends using multiple approaches such as selection of resistant varieties, manipulation of habitat and modifying cultural practices in a manner that is not beneficial to the pest, and conserving natural enemies before using pesticides. In certain production systems that have well established agronomic practices with limited scope for modifying the habitat or cultural practices, pest management is primarily dependent on pesticide applications. There are several options for conventional strawberry production where pesticides from different classes (based on their mode of action) can be used against one or more pests. However, these options are limited in organic strawberries. As a result, some growers put a major emphasis on conserving natural enemies and timing the application of organic oils, pyrethrins, and other products in a manner that is least disruptive to natural enemies.\nIn a 2009 study, seasonal average for lygus bug (Lygus hesperus) numbers did not show a specific trend between organic and conventional strawberry fields. The average number of nymphal and adult stages of lygus bugs, from mid-May to the end of August, was 12.6 from 20 plants in an organic field. This average was 15.6 (between mid-May and mid-July) in a conventional field and 7.7 (between mid-May and mid-August) in another conventional field. Conventional fields received several pesticide applications while the organic field received only two during the study suggesting that pesticide applications did not really help to bring lygus populations below threshold levels (1 lygus bug nymph per 20 plants). As the natural enemy populations were not monitored during this study, the impact of pesticide applications on their numbers or their role in managing lygus populations was not clear.\nTo understand the lygus bug and their natural enemy interactions more, another study was conducted in 2013 on a commercial organic and a conventional strawberry field in Santa Maria. Observations were made at weekly intervals from June 24 to July 15 where 10 randomly selected plants from each of the four quadrants of an acre area were sampled using a beating tray. The number of young (1st-3rd instar) and mature nymphs (4th to 5th instar) and adults of lygus along with their natural enemies – big-eyed bugs (Geocoris spp.), minute pirate bugs (Orius spp.), green lacewings (unknown), damsel bugs (Nabis spp.), parasitic wasps (unknown), lady beetles (multiple species), and spiders (multiple species) was recorded.\nAmong various materials that were applied in the conventional field, abamectin (Epi-Mek 0.15 EC applied once), sodium tetraborohydrate decahydrate (Prev-Am, applied thrice), and sulfur (Microthiol Dispress applied once) were primarily used as acaricides. Novaluron (Rimon 0.83EC) was applied on May 22, about one month prior to the first sampling. Aadjuvant, pinene (polyterpenes) polymers (Miller Nu Film P) was also applied thrice between May 7 and June 22. In the organic field, neem oil (Trilogy) and alcohol ethoxylate (OROBOOST) were each applied thrice between May 1 and July 11.\nA higher number of lygus bugs were seen in the organic field than in the conventional field throughout the observation period. While the older nymphs and adults stayed at or below the treatment threshold, younger nymphs were consistently above the threshold (2.5 to 4 per 20 plants) in the conventional field. In the organic field, they were consistently above the treatment thresholds during the observation period.\nOccurrence of lygus bug nymphs and adults in a conventional and an organic strawberry field in Santa Maria from Jue 24 to July 15, 2013.\nWhen the average number of natural enemies for the observation period was considered, the organic field had more big-eyed bugs than the conventional field. The organic field also had slightly higher numbers of minute pirate bug and lady beetles. Very low numbers of lacewings or parasitic wasps were present only in the organic field. In general, damsel bug numbers were also very low, but they were slightly higher in the conventional field. A higher number of spiders were seen in the conventional field compared to the organic field.\nAlthough some key species of natural enemies were present at higher numbers in the organic field, they were not able to keep the lygus populations under control. On average, there were 10 natural enemies of all species per 20 plants in the conventional field and 12 in the organic field during the observation period. Applying novaluron at the right time appeared to control lygus bug nymphs and prevented population build up there after in the conventional field. While natural enemies generally play a significant role, this study suggests the importance of other options such as pesticides for managing lygus bugs.\nAcknowledgements: Thanks to Dave Peck (Manzanita Berry Farms and Eraud Farms, Santa Maria) for his collaboration and Chris Martinez for technical assistance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "It’s time for GRuB’s Day of the Bed event! This is the 6th year that Greater Olympia’s Slow Food chapter has participated in the Day of the Bed. Our goal is to raise a minimum of $1,000.\nThe Day of the Bed is the culmination of GRuB’s Kitchen Garden Project annual spring build season. It’s a chance to make garden-building a public\nevent by recognizing and celebrating the elements that go into creating a sustainable and secure community food system.\nWe are collecting contributions until May 17th. Slow Food Greater Olympia will match every dollar contributed by individual members and\nsupporters up to $500. So your tax-deductible contribution goes twice as far in support of building kitchen gardens in our community.\nHow to participate: Donate now! or, Join the Slow Food team on Saturday, May 17 from 9 am to 2 pm.\nPlease send your check – made payable to “GRuB” to:\n4223 Indian Pipe Loop NW\nOlympia, WA 98505\nOr call Emily at (206) 491-3680 to arrange pick-up.\nWant to join GO Slow Food’s team to help with the garden build? Call or email Emily at firstname.lastname@example.org or (206) 491-3680.\nCommitment: 9am-2pm. Arrive at GRuB at 9am in work clothes with a potluck dish for the celebration following the event. Work at the build site from 10am-12pm. At 12:30pm, meet back at GRuB for a potluck lunch celebration!\nGRuB’s Kitchen Garden Project partners with organizations and people with low incomes to create backyard and neighborhood food solutions. They connect people with the sustainable food movement by providing access to the knowledge and resources needed to grow fresh, healthy, and culturally-appropriate foods. With your help, they can reach their goal of building 60 beds in 2014!\nWhat your donation will mean:\n$500 will build an entire garden\n$100 builds a garden bed\n$75 supplies the lumber for a single garden\n$50 purchases the soil for a garden\n$35 supplies a garden’s seeds and starts\n$30 is 1/4 tank of gas for the GRuB truck\n$15 will buy the trellis, twine, and nails", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(01/17/20) Baton Rouge, La. — An LSU AgCenter scientist is researching ways to increase food production by manipulating the processes of photosynthesis and photorespiration.\nPlant physiologist Paul South discussed his research at a seminar held at the AgCenter on Jan. 13.\n“My long-term research goals focus on understanding photosynthetic and photorespiratory metabolism and use synthetic biology tools to understand gene regulation, the role of transport proteins and to use synthetic biology to improve crop productivity and quality,” he said.\nSeven years ago, South began his research on a collaborative project with the University of Illinois. The project, Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency, or RIPE, addresses the fact that more than 820 million people in the world don’t get enough to eat each day.\n“If you combined the entire populations of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Mexico as well as France and Brazil, this would be about 820 million people,” he said. “The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations says this is the first time in decades that that number is growing.”\nThings like climate change, lack of modern agricultural tools and the political nature of some of these countries with food insecurities is the main reason for the lack of food, he said.\n“If we project out to the year 2050, it is estimated that there will be 10 billion people on the planet, and there will need to be increases in the four major food groups, which are maize, rice, wheat and soybeans,” he said.\nEach year, 120 gigatons of carbon are taken out of the atmosphere, with half being used to support plant growth and biomass. The rest supports all other living things on this plant, he said.\nMost of the photosynthesis is occurring in the rainforests and savannas. About 15% is used by cultivated crops.\n“In order to meet the food demands of 2050, that number has to increase to about 25%,” South said. “That means that productivity needs to double to keep up with that demand.”\nBecause no additional land is available to cultivate, his project is looking at ways to increase photosynthesis. “The reason we are focusing on improving photosynthetic efficiency is to determine whether we can produce more food on the same amount of land,” he said.\nThe goal is to increase the solar efficiency of plants because only about 1% of solar energy is used by the plants, he said.\nThe research has initially focused on the tobacco plant, and South is currently examining potatoes to determine how they and other plants are effected.\nSouth’s research on the RIPE project began while he previously worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and is funded by Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.\nLSU AgCenter plant physiologist Paul South presents findings from his research project RIPE, Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency, during a seminar at the LSU AgCenter on Jan. 13. His goal is to increase food production by manipulating the processes of photosynthesis and photorespiration. Photo by Johnny Morgan/LSU AgCenter", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sugar beet is widely cultivated as a commercial sugar crop in temperate climates. About one third of all sugar production in the world is derived from this plant.\nSugar beet has excellent potential as a biomass crop, both as a source of sugar and also using the plant residue for fuel.\nAlthough little used in modern herbalism, beet has a long history of folk use.\nSow April in situ.\nBeets grow well in a variety of soils, growing best in a deep, friable well-drained soil abundant with organic matter, but doing poorly on clay. They prefer an open position and a light well-drained soil. The optimum pH is 6.0 - 6.8, but neutral and alkaline soils are tolerated in some areas. Some salinity may be tolerated after the seedling stage.\nRoot - raw or cooked. The root contains 16 - 20% sugar and this is often extracted and used as a sweetener. This plant is a major source of sugar in many temperate areas. The root can also be used as a vegetable. When cooked it is quite tender, but with some fibrous strands. It has a very sweet flavour that some people find too sweet. The raw root is rather tough, but makes a pleasant addition to salads when grated finely.\nLeaves - raw or cooked. A very acceptable spinach substitute.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This is a really lovely plant. It has lush leaves and wonderful large purple flowers in springtime. It is extremely hardy and takes very little care once established. Needs full sun and a cool location. Will not do well in hotter areas. However the deer to like to eat it so it will need protection. No cooler garden should be without this beauty, and its not easy to find.\nDescription of Maral Root (Rhaponticum carthamoides)\nA large perennial plant for cooler regions. Produces a large rosette of large mid green leaves that can be up to 2 feet long and are deeply incised with pointed edges. In late spring it puts up thick round stems up to two feet tall topped by large solitary purple flowers that can be three inches across. Plants produce many stalks with the large showy thistle like flowers. Flowers in the second year from seed and sends down large thick roots which strongly establish the plant in the ground. Very hardy Zones 2-7.\nLocation and care of Maral Root (Rhaponticum carthamoides)\nThis plant is a native of Siberia thus it is used to colder climates for those in zones 2-4 there should be no problem growing the lovely plant pick in any full sun position. Zones 6 and 7 need to choose more carefully. Pick a location that will shelter it from the heat of the summer sun but also give as much sunshine as possible. The north side of a building, north side of some trees perhaps. Somewhere there is airflow to keep it a little cool is essential.\nWhatever you decide choose your location wisely. If the plant is happy it will settle in and send down ROOTS. These guys are not easy to move once they are settled. They produce lots of wiry roots and thicker tubers which can be very hard to dig out.\nIt prefers a good fertile soil that is fairly well drained. Adding a lot of organic material to the soil will produce a good healthy plant and it will grow in almost any soil type if it is mulched. Will grow in clay provided it does not become too waterlogged over the winter. Well drained is best. It also needs reasonable water, use a soaker hose or water once a week in summer months, don't let it dry out. Plant where the deer cant get to it, they will eat it to the ground.\nSpace plants about 2 feet apart as it grows quickly and will take up quite a bit of space.\nOnce established it needs little or no maintenance. Ensure it has enough water and enjoy the blooms every spring. Clear away leaves in fall and that's it.\nGrowing of Maral Root (Rhaponticum carthamoides) from seed\nSow in individual pots in mid winter for spring planting. Will germinate at fairly low temperatures so heat should not be applied. A cold frame or unheated indoor area is ideal. Some reports say seeds benefit from cold before sowing, all our seeds have been cold treated. Germination is usually within 2-3 weeks depending on conditions. Best temperatures are between 55 - 60 F. This can take 2-3 weeks or more depending on temperature, warmer temperatures can inhibit germination or produce very poor results. Grow on until large enough to plant outside, preferably after danger of frost has passed to ensure plants can establish well. Don't plant where deer can eat them.\nPick location well as the roots grow deep and they might not be easy to move.\nMedicinal Uses of Maral Root (Rhaponticum carthamoides)\nThe roots of this plant have been used by Russian athletes for many years. They contain a substances called ecdysteroids which have anabolic-like growth promoting effects without the side effects associated with drugs . These substances are known as adaptogens. These can helps athletes increase endurance, reflexes an concentration, and helps them to recover faster from exertion. Studies show that the root extract greatly increases the work capacity of muscles and normalizes blood sugar levels quickly after exertion, and improves memory and learning.\nDigging the roots and processing however is quite difficult and time consuming.\nWhat is it called again?\nScientists can't seem to make up their minds what this plant should be called. It used to be know as Leuzea carthamoides and Leuzea rhapontica. Now it's Stemmacantha carthamoides in some places and Rhaponticum carthamoide in others. It has also been listed under Centaurea, Cirsium, and Cnicus. We are not entirely sure where the plant stands at the moment but it would be nice if there was some consensus and they would stop changing the darn name!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Rural Development Departments of the Justice, Development and Peace (JDPs) of Province of Ibadan comprising; Ibadan Archdiocese, Osogbo, Oyo, Ekiti and Ilorin Dioceses have cautioned framers across the province against the uses of the Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) seeds as an alternative to natural seed selection techniques to which they are acquainted.\nThis was contained in a statement jointly issued by the Provincial Rural Development Team under the Chairmanship of Mr. Emmanuel Aikhomen of Archdiocese of Ibadan during the Provincial Exchange Forum held in Ado-Ekiti.\nAccording to the statement “Having critically looked into the development and carefully considered the possible advantages and disadvantages associated with the initiative and likely effects on small scale farmers in a plenary session and its product-intake upshot on humanity, it is therefore suggested that farmers across the states should avoid the use of Genetically Modified Organism Seeds that are capable of causing irreparable damages to the nation’s biodiversity.\nWe equally use the best of this medium to direct the Provincial RUDEPs to link up with Dialogue in Partnership Service (DPS) office of MISEREOR in Abuja, to further liaise with CARITAS NIGERIA, on the GMO seeds as there is limit to the extent the message can go if solely handled by the province. The Rural Development in Ibadan Ecclesiastical Province should work with target farmers to promote the use of natural seed selection techniques for crops production on their field, information sharing and awareness creation on GMOs should be embarked upon and various programs should reach out directly to concerned government ministries, departments and agencies.”\nThe Forum also urged the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) and National Biodiversity Management Agency (NBMA) to urgently rally relevant stakeholders from the sector and adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) as it would help in gaining the confidence of international market while Government should regulate food safety issues affecting production of agro produce.\nOthers present at the Provincial Exchange Forum were Departmental Heads of Rural Development Prorammes, Mrs.Bola olorede-Ibadan Archdiocese, Mrs.Onaolapo Morenike-Osogbo Diocese, Mr.Anthony Oqunnupebi-Oyo Diocese, Mr.Remigius Eze-Ekiti Diocese and Mr.David Omotoso of Ilorin Diocese.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Received for publication 31 Aug. 1987. Journal paper no. A6101-87 of the Lincoln University Agricultural Experiment Station. I gratefully acknowledge the provision of seeds by Joe Suah, Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Kingston, Jamaica. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "imports and uk veg...\nFrom Christmas onwards we are willing to compromise and start importing some peppers and tomatoes to compliment the hardcore of indigenous winter veg. from our own fields. Unfortunately the flavour of the tomatoes has been so disappointing that we have decided to revert to a more local box for the next month or so until something better is available.\nThe challenge for us is to make sure that we retain your custom, as the variety from our own fields declines through the winter and spring, until the new season starts in May. To do this I am generally quite happy to compromise and supplement with imports but if, having been trucked all the way, they are barely worth opening your mouth for I can't see the point. The mild weather is really helping so there is plenty of top quality veg. available here though the boxes are liable to have a repetitive theme for the next month.\nIn contrast to the tomatoes, the citrus from Spain, and now Morocco, has been fantastic recently. Rather strangely, all the citrus family bare their fruit in the winter. During our summer they have to come from the southern hemisphere and are expensive and, after their long journey, normally inferior. The Valencia late oranges arriving now are at their best; so wonderfully sweet and juicy they come very close to the explosion of flavour you get from fruit picked straight from the tree. We are expecting Seville oranges to arrive very soon and will be offering them on the extras list for the marmalade makers amongst you.\nOut in our own fields we are plodding away pulling leeks and swedes and cutting cauliflower, sprouting broccoli, cabbage and kale. The weather map is constantly checked for any sign of a break in the weather allowing us to harvest the remaining parsnips and artichokes. If it gets dry enough we will start spreading muck and ploughing for the early crops. The first cabbage, lettuce and leeks have already been sown in blocks under glass ready for planting out to start in March.\nLast week we talked about how to prepare the purple sprouting broccoli that appeared in your boxes, this week Jane, our resident chef, has a few suggestions as to what to do next... where we use PSB you can substitute with cape broccoli\nBagna Cauda - originating in Northern Italy, is an anchovy and garlic sauce traditionally served with crudit", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "THE LARGEST COLLECTION OF MARKETING JOBS ON EARTH\nSupports PDF, DOC, DOCX, TXT, XLS, WPD, HTM, HTML files up to 5 MB\nMarket Manager (Scottsbluff, NE)\nJ.R. Simplot Company\nThe J.R. Simplot Company is a diverse, privately held organization, with roots firmly planted in agriculture and agriculture-related ..", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How can the gardener determine whether the plant is homozygous or heterozygous for the allele that determines seed texture?\nUser's comment: Since the Smooth texture is the dominate gene no matter what the out come is going to be a smooth pea plant. The gardener could go back and make a punnet square with the smooth gene and wrinkled. I guess it just depends on what the parents traits were to determine whether its homozygous or heterozygous.\nClick here to post answer.\nReturn to Ask Questions.\ngive us a tip using crypto\n- BTC: 3G1AGoAddUPYaLbTAo6hvKFnt7kNz4dXjz\n- ETH: 0x256e8a87ab9c5f879696dadf6cdbd37613d9ffac\n- DOGE: DEKXxbY9FFP56y7sdyzBvTSRPbP5h1RU2p\n- LTC: MLA9BuoUYK4PKnwxmKR5r1z8f2mKdAa7vf\n- XMR: 46k6hLyn4dtWJbABdtt3ms1GnNJSwBG2g9Qjk5DfPgHBhcRpicktW692pYGFiyojttDVEBwAiosyrEMGggGyZPJUM9cwPmx\n- USDT: 0x256e8a87ab9c5f879696dadf6cdbd37613d9ffac\n- USDC: 0x256e8a87ab9c5f879696dadf6cdbd37613d9ffac", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "15 Apr A Busy Spring\nIt seems that for the last two months our number of posts have really gone down. Sorry, it’s been a busy spring! Here in South Dakota, the warm weather doesn’t usually kick in till mid to late April, but this year we have been blessed with warm weather starting in March!\nI have been frantically working around the house like a mad woman! There are so many project that I am doing around the house, but sadly none of them are really blog worthy 🙁\nI took an old landscaping area and removed rocks from it, pulled the weeds, and tilled under all the dirt to create a new garden area out of it.\nYesterday we planted all of our plants. We soon will have potatoes, onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, butternut squash, Chinese squash, herbs, and some hops. (The hops is for my husband’s beer making.)\nIn addition to planting the garden, I am in the process of trying to save/restore our grass. When we purchased this house, we had basically all weeds. After two rounds of broad leaf spray, we are down to just dirt and a little grass. I lovingly spread out some grass seed and raked it into the ground, hoping to have some thicker grass by summer. (My husband’s project has been to build us a Fire Patio. Basically a really nice fire pit surrounded by a brick patio. Hopefully he will write a blog for me about it.)\nIn addition to the yard work, I have been clearing out an area under one of our decks to be a sandbox for Aiden. I think it will be perfect for him to play while I work on the garden and the deck will provide some shade from the sun. I hope to blog about this project soon.\nAnd as for recipes, well with warm weather comes grilling. We have pretty much stuck with the usual of chicken, burgers, brats, and steak.\nSo my apologies for not having any new posts lately. My hopes are to get up a few more posts in the next week, however I have about a 40 hour work project coming up in the next few days so life looks to be very busy! (Oh and a vacation– can’t forget the vacation or actually two vacations!!! Yeah!!!)\nLike this post?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Public Health Alert Issued For Raw Ground Turkey Linked To Salmonella Hardar IllnessThe U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service issued a public health alert for approximately 211,406 pounds of raw ground turkey products on Saturday.\nMinnesota Keeps June 20 Cutoff For Using Weed Killer DicambaMinnesota is maintaining its June 20 cutoff date for farmers to use the herbicide dicamba, which has been blamed for drifting and damaging neighboring soybean fields.\nOfficials Warn Southeastern Minnesota Residents Of Poisonous HemlockMinnesota officials are warning residents about the spread of poison hemlock in southeastern parts of the state.\nMDA Warns Consumers Against Norseman's Leathered AquavitThe Minnesota Department of Agriculture is advising consumers not to drink a product from a Minneapolis distillery because it uses nonfood grade leather in its production.\nGood Question: What's The Cost Of Raising A U.S. Child?The Department of Agriculture releases a report every year estimating what it costs to raise one child from the ages of zero to 17. In 2014, the estimate came out to $245,340. So, where does that money go?\nAll Bird Flu Quarantines Lifted In Wisconsin Wisconsin agriculture officials have lifted all quarantines imposed on poultry farms because of the bird flu.\nKandiyohi County Hit Hard From Bird Flu CrisisSo far, 97 farms have been affected by the bird flu since the outbreak began in March. Kandiyohi County is ground zero with 37 of those farms. The state announced three new cases of the bird flu today, six new ones were reported yesterday.\nBird Flu Funding On Way To Dayton's DeskThe first slice of emergency funding for the state's response to a deadly bird flu outbreak is heading to Gov. Mark Dayton.\n1st Batch Of Avian Flu Emergency Aid Clears HouseThe first batch of emergency money to help Minnesota agencies combat the spread of the avian flu affecting poultry farms is one step from Gov. Mark Dayton's desk.\nDry Spring Means Low Water Levels In Minnesota LakesBrush fires over the last two days have shown just how dry it is around Minnesota. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 90 percent of the state is under a moderate drought.\nMidwest Farmers Putting Lots Of Food On Thanksgiving TablesFarmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin are to thank for many of this year's Thanksgiving feasts. The Department of Agriculture says Minnesota is number one producer of turkey this year. Of the 242 million birds raised worldwide, Minnesota farmers raised 45 million of them.\nMinnesota Company Recalls Ground Beef The U.S. Department of Agriculture says Ranchers Legacy Meat Co. of Vadnais Heights is recalling 1,200 pounds of ground beef because of possible E. coli contamination.\nMinn. Company Recalling 60,000 Pounds Of Breakfast Products A Burnsville company that makes custom frozen foods is recalling more than 60,000 pounds of meat and poultry products after food safety officials say a sample tested positive for listeria.\nMost Minnesota Crop Conditions ImproveMost Minnesota crops conditions showed improvement during the past week. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, only potato and hay crop conditions in Minnesota showed a slight decline.\nMinn. Corn Harvest Remains Ahead Of Normal Pace The pace of Minnesota's corn harvest remains ahead of normal, thanks to the dry weather. In its weekly crop report, the U.S. Department of Agriculture said Monday that Minnesota's corn harvest is 94 percent complete, remaining a week ahead of normal.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We are searching data for your request:\nForums and discussions:\nManuals and reference books:\nData from registers:\nUpon completion, a link will appear to access the found materials.\nI would like to ask you if tap water is good for watering all kinds of plants, such as aromatic vegetable geraniums, licorice and thunbergia, or you need to take some precautions to improve growth.\nin fact tap water is not perfect for plants; many believe that it is the chlorine contained in it that ruins many plants, but it is a sort of urban legend, since chlorine is contained in small quantities, and besides this, it is very volatile, and therefore is released quickly into the air, rather than in the ground. The reason why the tap water is not completely suitable for watering the plants is mainly the presence of limestone in it; unfortunately in most of Italy, the water from the aqueducts is very hard. This fact makes it unsuitable for watering those plants that do not like the presence of many mineral salts (and especially calcium) in the soil, such as acidophiles, which prefer acid soils, with bio-available iron; unfortunately calcium and iron work as antagonists, and in a soil with a lot of calcium, acidophilic plants are not able to absorb iron. Even some very delicate plants should never be watered with tap water, such as some orchids, and especially carnivorous plants, which are acidophilic and even delicate.\nThat said, unfortunately at home we are forced to water with tap water, especially if we have many plants; in general, for the most common plants grown in the apartment or in the garden, this water is fine, and does not create any kind of problem. As for the acidophilic plants, it would be enough to prepare the watering can the night before, and wait for the limestone to settle; when we go to water we will have a water with a little less limestone, better for our plants. In addition to precipitating the limestone, preparing the water the day before also allows us to water the plants with a liquid at room temperature; in fact, one of the things that plants of tap water less like, especially in the height of summer, is that it has a temperature often many degrees different from the ambient temperature, and therefore causes a thermal shock to the roots. Clear, it depends on how much water we supply, from the season in which we are, to the size of the vessels. Prepare the water and let it settle for about twelve hours, bring it to room temperature; I understand that this operation is easily practicable if we possess a single potted azalea; when instead we have the terrace covered with various flowers, and the garden with annuals and shrubs, preparing the water the day before becomes an impractical undertaking.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Grains and grain legumes contain protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins A and B. Sprouting grain, the process of germinating the seeds before eating them, increases their nutritional value by adding vitamin C, an important nutrient that helps the body absorb iron and helps keep blood vessels strong. In addition to improving your diet, sprouting grains is also economical because grains double in bulk when sprouted. No special tools or equipment are needed to sprout grains at home.\n1Measure out a quantity of grain equal to about half the amount you would normally cook for yourself or your family. Keep in mind that the grain will nearly double in bulk after soaking and sprouting, so don't prepare more than you can consume or store.\n2Rinse the grain thoroughly, being sure to remove any rotten grains, stones, or other debris.\n3Place the clean grain in a pot. Cover the grain completely with water, adding another 3/4 inch (2 cm) above the grain.\n4Cover the pot with a lid or a clean cloth. Leave the covered pot in a warm location overnight.\n5Drain the excess water from the grain.\n6Lay a clean cloth in a shallow pot or basket and pour the soaked grain into it. Fold each of the corners of the cloth over the grain to cover it. Either tie the corners of the cloth together to form a loose bundle or place a weight on top of the cloth to hold the edges closed. Leave the covered grain in a warm place for 24 hours. Be sure to keep the cloth covering the grain moist, but not wet.\n7Open the cloth and check the grain to see if it has sprouted. Sprouts are ready to eat once they reach .04 to .08 inches (1 to 2 mm) long.\n- Sprouted grains are easy to digest. While eating chickpeas and some other dry grain legumes can cause gas in some people, sprouted chickpeas do not because sprouting causes the breakdown of certain substances in the dry grain which can cause gas.\n- Sprouted grain cooks faster than dried grain does, so be careful not to overcook it. Sprouted grain can also be eaten raw.\n- Grains need moisture, warmth, and air to sprout. The amount of time needed for grains to sprout varies by the type of grain. The amount of time needed for grains to sprout also depends on the weather. Grain sprouts faster in warm, humid conditions than in cold weather.\n- In addition to increasing vitamin content, sprouting grain also activates food enzymes which aid in digestion, and it neutralizes anti nutrients which bind minerals hampering the body's ability to absorb them properly and fully.\n- Almost any type of whole grain that can be eaten in its dry form can be sprouted as well.\n- Tomato, potato, eggplant, and rhubarb sprouts cannot be eaten either raw or cooked because they can be poisonous.\n- Do not use any seeds that have been treated with poison, including fungicides, which are sold for planting. Make sure that any seeds you use are meant to be eaten.\nThings You'll Need\n- Large pot\n- Clean cloths", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Heritage bank Plc in collaboration with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), under the Nigerian Incentive-Based Risk Sharing in Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL) has continued to drive improved investment outcomes and job creation.\nThrough this partnership, Heritage Bank is not relenting in its efforts at boosting the agriculture base of the nation to make farming profitable to stakeholders and attractive to the youth.\nRecently, the apex bank approved the disbursement of about N75billion as loan to farmers in the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) under the Nigerian Incentive-Based Risk Sharing in Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL).\nThe loan guarantee scheme is a public-private sector initiative set up to transform the country’s agricultural sector. It was initiated by the CBN, the Bankers’ Committee and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, to guarantee 75 per cent loans provided by Deposit Money Banks (DPB) to farmers as part of efforts to transform the country’s agricultural sector.\nSpeaking on the several CBN intervention scheme and private sectors’ partnerships, which have accumulated to thousands of job creations, the MD/CEO, Heritage Bank, Ifie Sekibo, noted, “under the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP) and the Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), Heritage Bank is positioned to provide on-lending funding to aggregated farmers in the 2020 farming season to grow various products that will serve as raw materials to the processors, thereby ensuring market linkages and access to the market as well as reduce importation and conserve Nigeria’s external reserves.”\nAccording to him, Heritage Bank is also supporting the drive for cash crop commodities that would boost Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings, which President Mohammad Buhari’s administration has always been cautious given the dangers the continuous reliance on imported food items pose to its efforts to create jobs as well as develop and diversify the economy.\nNo doubt Heritage Bank’s unswerving lending to agriculture sector has earned it deluge of accolades.To its portfolio Heritage Bank Plc earned the Nigeria’s Most Innovative Banking Service Provider in 2017 and 2018 that were bestowed with the inaugural Nigeria Sustainable Banking Award convened by the CBN “For Sustainable Transaction of The Year in Agriculture.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Honeybees on a freshly built comb during the harvest season. | Simon Rowell Photography\nNeonicotinoid pesticides contaminated 75% of a global sampling of honey, according to a study published in the 6 October issue of Science. The pesticide concentrations detected are below the amount authorized by the European Union for human consumption, but neonicotinoids are notorious for their negative effects on pollinators.\nAs for the effects on bees, 34% of honey samples were found to have concentrations of neonicotinoids that are known to be detrimental to insects, suggesting that a substantial proportion of world pollinators are probably affected by the pesticides.\nWidespread application of neonicotinoids has been identified as a key factor responsible for the global decline in pollinators, and in particular bees. For example, neonicotinoids are known to reduce the honey bee's ability to survive the winter and to reduce the reproductive success of wild bees. However, despite research efforts to understand the patterns of neonicotinoid uses and their effects on living organisms, worldwide distribution of neonicotinoid contamination in the environment is not well known.\nAlexandre Aebi and his team at the University of Neuchâtel were offered a unique opportunity to explore widespread neonicotinoid use when a curator at the university's botanical garden approached them with a collection of honey samples from around the world.\nAebi said, \"The curator of the collection … asked us what we should do with such a collection. It seemed obvious that we should analyze its pesticide contents. Neonicotinoids were chosen because of their very well documented negative effects on bees and other compartments of natural ecosystems.\"\nIn total, the researchers analyzed 198 honey samples for five commonly used neonicotinoids: acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Samples were taken across all continents (except Antarctica), as well as numerous isolated islands.\nSamples from worldwide honey collection. | Blaise Mulhauser, Botanical Garden Neuchâtel (Switzerland)\nOverall, 75% of all honey samples contained at least one neonicotinoid; of these contaminated samples, 30% of contained a single neonicotinoid, 45% contained two or more, and 10% contained four or five. The total concentration of the five measured neonicotinoids was, on average, 1.8 nanograms per gram in contaminated samples and reached a maximum of 56 nanograms per gram. The average of these concentrations is known to cause deficits in learning and behavior in honey bees. Concentrations were highest in European, North American, and Asian samples.\n\"Despite the fact that the majority of our samples were contaminated, as a beekeeper I was stunned by the cocktails [of neonicotinoids] at which honeybees are exposed, especially since cocktail effects are currently not tested on non-target organisms,\" said Aebi.\nWhile the researchers emphasize that the concentrations of neonicotinoids were below levels that the EU authorizes in food and feed, they do cite some emerging studies on the effects of neonicotinoids in vertebrate animals, such as impaired immune functioning and reduced growth, which may result in a re-evaluation of these restrictions.\nThe EU allows a maximum residue limit of 50 nanograms per gram for acetamiprid, imidacloprid and thiacloprid, and 10 nanograms per gram for clothianidin and thiamethoxam. U.S. maximum residue limits vary depending on the food or feed product, but all of the honey samples in the study had neonicotinoid concentrations below the limits set for human consumption according to U.S. regulations, Aebi and colleagues noted.\nIn 2013, the European Union began a temporary ban on the use of three neonicotinoids on crops visited by bees, and is considering a comprehensive ban on the use of the pesticides in all outdoor fields.\n\"An interesting point raised in this study is that honey could be used as a tool to sample environmental contamination. Therefore, this approach could address the effectiveness of the current EU moratorium where the use of some neonicotinoids on bee-visited crops is banned,\" said Christopher Connolly of the University of Dundee, Scotland, who wrote an accompanying Perspective article for the Science study. \"Is honey within the EU now free of these neonicotinoids? Or does its continued use on other crops reach bee-visited plants and still accumulate in their honey?\"\n[Credit for related image: Blaise Mulhauser, Botanical Garden Neuchâtel (Switzerland)]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic Hulled Millet (American)\nCountry of Origin:\nOur organic hulled millet is a staple in many diets around the world, millet grew wild in Africa for centuries before being cultivated by man. In addition to being nutrient-rich, it grows well in cold, arid regions and can be harvested within 70 days of planting. While it has been primarily cultivated in Africa, Asia, and Europe, it is becoming more popular in the Western world.\nThough technically a seed, millet offers similar health benefits to other grains and can be prepared in many of the same ways. It looks like little yellow pellets of bird seed (which is, in fact, one of the ways it is used) but it cooks up into a tender grain that has a mild corn flavor. It is both nutrient-rich and offers numerous heart-protective properties in addition to other benefits. Plus, it is something unique that can help add some flavor variety to your gluten free diet.\nMany of the most powerful health benefits millet has to offer are related to its fiber content. For example, the high fiber levels found in millet may help reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or \"bad\" cholesterol while boosting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or \"good\" cholesterol. In addition to improving cholesterol levels, the fiber content of millet supports heart health by reducing blood pressure and, in doing so, reduces your risk for heart attack and stroke.\nOur organic hulled millet is specifically of the Proso Millet variety (Panicum Miliaceum L.). Its color is light to golden yellow and the grains are 2-4mm in size.\nWhat is the difference between Turkish and American millet?\n- None, it is simply a matter of different growing season and logistics. Sometimes we have both sometimes just one of the two.\n- Nothing beats vacuum sealing for freshness.\n- Store below 15°C and < 65% humidity.\n- Store in the dark as light degrades flavors.\n- Mason jars make great storage containers.\n- Can be frozen to prolong shelf life.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible fruit of Solanum lycopersicum,\ncommonly known ..... Five different varieties have traditionally been used to make\nthese \"hanging\" tomatoes. The...\nFeb 9, 2015 ... The classical vegetable/fruit story is the tetchy tale of the tomato. ... make up its\nmind—picked the blackberry as state fruit and the peach as the ...\nThe confusion about whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable arises because\nof the differences in usage between scientists and cooks. We shed some light on\nTo really figure out if a tomato is a fruit or vegetable, you need to know what\nmakes a fruit a fruit, and a vegetable a vegetable. The big question to ask is,\nThe question of whether a tomato is a fruit or a vegetable actually made it all the\nway to the United States Supreme Court! In the ..... What Makes a Food Super?\nThe tomato is botanically a fruit because it contains the ovary and the seeds of a\nflowering plant. Because it is all contained within the tomato and the outside\nstructure keeps the seeds protected ... How does chlorophyll make a leaf look\nwww.ask.com/youtube?q=What Makes a Tomato a Fruit?&v=kxo_EOyK7eA\nFeb 20, 2015 ... Find out more: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/words/is-a-tomato-a-fr... ... Fruit\n& Veggies Songs Collection | Learn Fruit + Vegetable Names, ...\nJun 12, 2012 ... The fruit vs. vegetable controversy has even made its way into the Supreme\nCourt. Legally, a tomato is a vegetable. ... Does Washing Fruits and Vegetables\nMake Them Safe? How Does Salmonella Contaminate Vegetables?\n... or a vegetable? Check out this article to learn what a tomato is legally\nconsidered. ... The world really has two different meanings for the word fruit.\nThere is the use of ... More To Explore. 9 Hair Mistakes That Make You Look\nSep 4, 2013 ... Candace asks: What makes a fruit a fruit and a vegetable a vegetable? ...\neggplant, pumpkins, cucumbers, squash and tomatoes are all fruits?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Alex Miller Contracting\nEssex CO5 7NH\nPhone: 07709 228392\nExpanded business hours\nWe're now open earlier to serve you better.\nWe supply quality hay, haylage and straw made on our family farm and on other local farms. There are various sized bales available from small conventional bales to large quadrant\nbales. Please ring for more details.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Healthy Soil Farm Tour\nThe Margraf family has been addicted to growing healthy soil for more than 10 years and encourages more people to try this “different” approach. As a family that supports public, local, voluntary actions that lead to bigger benefits for all, they’ve partnered with their local Seneca Conservation District to make improvements to water quality and soil health. The farm is an Edge of Field research site for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and hosts field days for Ohio No-Till Council, Future Farmers of America, Seneca Conservation District, and the Natural Resources Conservation Service. This unique conservation farm practices what it preaches and is inspired to preach what it practices! Join this tour to learn about how the family raises corn, beans, and wheat using 100 percent no-till agriculture and cover crops to keep nutrients on the farm and out of the Western Lake Erie Basin, see cows and calves on pasture, tour their machine shed and precision equipment, and enjoy lemonade and cookies on the back porch.\nDirections: From Rte. 587 north of McCuthenville, the farm is about 2 miles away, located on the west side of road. The driveway will be marked. Follow the signs to the gravel parking area behind the buildings.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The nutrient content of Chinese cabbage has been tracked by the USDA for about seventy years and we do see a large decrease in iron (72%) and an increase in calcium (47%). None of these specific changes are statistically significant but there is a more general trend toward nutrient decline. Read more about nutrient decline and the actions you can take.\nChinese Cabbage: Change in Nutrient Data\nIn the table provided below we provide the nutritional content of Chinese cabbage from 1950 and 1999. The 1950 measures for Chinese cabbage are adjusted for water content so that the 1999 and 1950 measures have the same amount of dry matter. These nutrient measures are based on a small number of data points and none of the individual differences are statistically different, but taken together, they suggest a decline in nutrient content in small garden produce.\nNutrient Change In Chinese Cabbage\n*The 1950 data is adjusted for water content.\nCreative Commons License\nThe graphs used to display decline in nutrients in garden produce here are Traditional Foods, including change in Chinese cabbage, can be redistributed for noncommercial use with a linked attribution to this Chinese cabbage page or to our our page that presents the data project here: nutrient decline.\nSource of Data\nThe historical values on the nutrient content of garden crops has been archived and made available by the USDA. It was also examined by Davis, Epp, and Riordan whose analyses we describe on this site. We adjusted the 1950 Chinese cabbage nutritional content so that the water content of the 1950 and 1999 samples would be comparable, as did Davis, Epp, and Riordan.\nYou might also enjoy:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "SACRAMENTO, Calif. — The California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) is now accepting applications for two “climate smart agriculture” programs, offering as much as $35 million to California farmers. These trailblazing programs are unique in the nation, providing economic support to farmers while incentivizing farming practices with climate and other environmental benefits.\nHealthy Soils Program\nMore than $25 million in grants of up to $100,000 per farm are available on a first-come-first serve basis until June 26, 2020. Included among the 25 eligible practices are: cover cropping, applying compost, mulching, hedgerow planting, prescribed grazing, whole orchard recycling and silvopasture. CDFA is also funding technical assistance providers to support growers with the grant application process, project implementation, and grant compliance.\nMore background on the Healthy Soils Program is available here: http://calclimateag.org/hsp/\nFor more information and to apply: www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/healthysoils.\nAlternative Manure Management Program (AMMP)\nUntil April 27, as much as $10 million will be available for grants to dairy and livestock producers interested in projects that reduce methane emissions on their operations by shifting away from wet manure handling and storage to dry manure management. Eligible practices include solid separation, dry scrape systems, compost pack barns and increased pasture time.\nThere will also be funding for demonstration projects to do outreach and education on the multiple benefits of AMMP projects for producers. Eligible applicants include California universities, Cooperative Extension, Resource Conservation Districts and nonprofits, in collaboration with farmers who have received AMMP funding.\nMore background on AMMP is available here: http://calclimateag.org/ammp/\nFor more information and to apply: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/oefi/AMMP/.\nDuring its first three years, the Healthy Soils Program has funded more than 300 projects in 48 counties with almost $18 million. Through AMMP, to date CDFA has awarded $63 million to 108 dairies. Demand for the grants has greatly exceeded available funding.\nTo read about past grant winners and the benefits they are seeing to their farming operation, please refer to our story bank here: http://calclimateag.org/farmer-stories/.\n— California Climate and Agriculture Network\nFor more articles out of California, click here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "November 2022—The Canadian Canola Growers Association and Canola Council of Canada have policy and government leads representing farmers and the industry in Ottawa. Here are advocacy updates on rail transportation, CGC’s grade dispute process and the International Oilseed Producers Dialogue. As Canadian canola farmers complete harvest for what is arguably the most important crop in a... Read More\nCanadian Canola Growers Association and Canola Council of Canada advocacy teams work together to represent the interests of canola farmers and the canola industry value chain in Ottawa. Here are updates on the Pest Control Products Act review, the Indo-Pacific Strategy, Clean Fuel Regulations and fertilizer emissions reduction targets.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pomì was founded in 1982 in the province of Parma and immediately became an icon thanks to its innovative packaging: the carton brick that makes it easy to recognize the tomato sauce in any country to which it is exported.\nToday, Pomì is synonym of: a controlled supply chain, Italian quality, tomato traceability, sustainability of the production and transformation processes. In fact, Pomì is produced with the tomato of 370 farming companies belonging to the Consorzio Casalasco del Pomodoro, cultivated on over 7,000 hectares between Cremona, Parma, Piacenza and Mantua in the North of Italy, at an average distance of 50 km from the processing establishments. Our tomato is 100% Italian, cultivated respecting the environment and the health of our consumers.\nPomì is the staple and trusted brand for premium quality tomatoes conveniently sealed in a BPA-free, stay-fresh package. Pomì is ready to use whenever you want to add the fresh taste of garden-ripe Italian tomatoes to your recipes.\nCold Storage, NTUC Finest, Redmart and Organic Stores across Singapore.\nSonnamera promotes Pomi extensively through instore samplings at all the major Supermarkets and Organic stores in Singapore\nCopyright © 2019 Sonnamera. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Harvest squashes, watering compost and growing pineapples: Nigel Colborn's essential jobs for your garden this week\n- Gourds and pumpkins are coming on fast and can be gathered soon\n- Border chrysanthemums will be in bloom between now and late October\n- Check your compost to ensure it's damp enough to rot properly\nHarvest squashes, gourds and pumpkins are coming on fast and can be gathered as soon as they are fully ripe.\nRemove any leaves from surrounding plants which may shade them, allowing late sun to build up flavour.\nWhen you gather the crop, cut cleanly through each stem, leaving a short stalk still attached to the fruit.\nHarvest squashes, gourds and pumpkins are coming on fast and can be gathered as soon as they are fully ripe\nThe skins may still be soft and vulnerable so take care not to damage them while you harvest. Gourds and squashes will continue to harden and mature in store. Select damaged or imperfect fruits for using first and keep clean-skinned specimens for long-term storage.\nButternut squashes may take some time to ripen. Allow them to develop their full golden colour before gathering.\nCHRYSANTHEMUMS NEED A LITTLE TLC\nBorder chrysanthemums will be in bloom between now and late October\nBorder chrysanthemums will be in bloom between now and late October.\nTheir stems are sturdy but in late autumn, rain and dew will significantly increase the weight of the flowers.\nTo prevent the stems from collapsing, give the taller varieties support with canes and string or with metal stakes.\nHandle the plants carefully and insert the sup- ports discreetly to avoid spoiling the late autumn display. If any have already collapsed, lift them gently, shake off surplus moisture and remove any ruined flowers. Buds and newly opened flowers could last another month at least, so it's worth taking the trouble.\nIf you gather chrysanthemums for the house, remove the lower leaves. Just before placing them in the vase, make a diagonal cut across the bottom of each stem. This will help to make the flowers last and is more effec- tive than the conventional practice of crushing the ends.\nWith open compost heaps or bays, move the outsides towards the middle\nCheck your compost. Weeds, grass mowings and spent plants in an open compost bin or heap should have rotted steadily during summer. But bulky compost sometimes dries too much at the top and prevents rain from soaking through.\nTo avoid that, use a fork to turn as much of the material as you can. In a bin, try to mix dry portions with those which are wetter lower down.\nWith open compost heaps or bays, move the outsides towards the middle. If the mix is too dry overall, soak it with a hose. That will speed rotting. Spread well rotted compost where crops have been cleared.\nI'd love to do the same as the Truro lady who took six years to grow a pineapple from the top of a shop-bought fruit, but don't know how. What's the best way to do this?\nMrs B. Crawford, Taunton.\nPineapples need plenty of light and constantly warm temperatures, so keep yours above 15c at all times\nSelect a healthy pineapple. Remove the top part, keeping the leaves intact, and set aside the remaining fruit for eating. Keep the pineapple top for a few days until the cut surface has dried. Then plant it - not too deeply - in a pot with drainage holes, filled with a 50/50 mix of potting compost and Perlite.\nPut it on a warm, well-l-lit windowsill and water regularly. Rooting will take at least six weeks. Pineapples need plenty of light and constantly warm temperatures, so keep yours above 15c at all times.\nPLANT OF THE WEEK\nThe easiest and hardiest species, Eucomis bicolor, has dramatic green, strap-like leaves\nTWO-COLOURED PINEAPPLE LILY\nSouth Africa is native to a vast number of autumn flowering bulbs. Pink nerines are among the best loved, but Eucomis pineapple lilies are close runners-up. Its name comes from the pineapple-like topknot above the crowded flowers. The easiest and hardiest species, Eucomis bicolor, has dramatic green, strap-like leaves. From late summer thick, heavily spotted stems develop and they can grow 60cm tall.\nIn late summer or autumn densely packed flowers appear below the leafy topknot. In mild areas Eucomis often self-sows. You can divide and replant them in spring. Mine have survived without protection for nine years in my cold Lincolnshire garden.\nHalf-price Queen of the Night tulips: This tall cottage tulip produces deep purple flowers on sturdy 60cm (2 ft) stems in May. Supplied as large 12cm-plus bulbs to give the best results possible, with larger, more vibrant, exhibition-sized flowers. You can buy 15 for £9.99 or order 60 at half-price - only £19.98. Delivery within 14 days. Order online at mailgardenshop.co.uk, or call 0844 472 4161, quoting MGS825.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Environment Minister Phil Woolas met biotechnology industry members before calling for a new debate on genetically modified crops, it has emerged.\nMr Woolas has suggested that, with global food prices rising rapidly, GM crops could greatly improve yields.\nA copy of a briefing paper prepared for the meeting has been passed to the BBC’s Today programme.\nMr Woolas has previously said that the government is ready to argue for a greater role for GM crops.\nThe briefing paper formed the basis for a presentation to Mr Woolas by members of the Agricultural Biotechnology Council.\nThis is an umbrella group representing some of the leading companies involved in developing GM crops.\nAccording to BBC correspondent Tom Feilden, the notes make a powerful case for the technology, but the most controversial section deals with the situation in the UK and Europe.\nIt calls for a rethink on the regulation of GM crop trials, and for a review to streamline and depoliticise the procedures governing the licensing of genetically modified crops across Europe.\nThe biotech industry says that GM technology can combat world hunger and poverty by delivering higher yields and reducing the use of pesticides.\nBut green groups and aid agencies have expressed doubts over just how effective the technology is.\nAn annual report from industry body the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) published in February said growing GM plants, such as maize and cotton, produced higher yields and incomes and lowered pesticide use.\nBut GM Freeze, a coalition of groups including Action Aid, the Soil Association, Unison and Greenpeace, said there was no evidence GM crops boost yields.\nPete Riley, of GM Freeze, said: “There is more than enough food in the world to feed everyone, it’s just that the economic system put in place by politicians has failed to ensure that that food reaches the people who need it most, whilst other sectors of the population are becoming obese.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|I grew an English variety wallflower last season from seed. This biennial did not bloom the first year. I suspect blooming this year? The plants died back a little bit this winter but still look hearty. What care does this plant need? Do I cut it back when I do my garden cleanup this spring or do I leave the current foliage as is? Any other suggestions on the care of this plant is appreciated.\n|Biennials usually grow vegetatively the first year and flower the second year so your wallflowers sound like they're right on schedule. If you allow the flowers to remain on the plant they'll produce seeds which you can scatter around the parent plants, or collect and save for sowing next spring. However, if you keep spent flowers cut off the plants, they may behave as perennials rather than biennials.\nWallflower (Erysimum) are perennials or biennials (depending upon species)that grow best in full sun to light shade, in average garden soil, and little to moderate water during the growing season. In your mild-winter climate you can simply trim the dead foliage back, leaving the healthy leaves and stems alone. This will give your wallflowers a jump-start on the spring season and you can expect flowering very early in the spring.\nIf your plants behave as perennials, you need only to dig and divide the clumps every 4-5 years.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ready to start growing your own plants?\nStart strong with a clone from Paragon Farms, presented by HGA.\nWe want you to get the clones you want. Planting season starts at the end of April in the Portland area. Order your marijuanna starters early to be able to plant WHAT you want, WHEN you need.\nHome Grown is here to help with your weed growin’ needs.\nCheck out our menu below.\nYou can click to enlarge or print!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "10%amylose, Seaweed extract, Seaweed extract powder, Seaweed P.E., Seaweed extract 10% amylose Cas.: 9005-82-7\nLatin name: Sargassum\nTest Method: UV\n1. Rapidly complement well-balanced nutrition, and improve the quality of crops.\n2. Improve blossom and fruit set.\n3. Stimulate cell devision. Activate the metabolism of each vegetable cell, increase crop's physical activity and also increase its immune system.\n4. Promote the development of shoots and roots.\n5. Increase crops resistance to environmental stresses.\n6. Reduce disease symptoms on crops. And discourage insects' Return to List", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plant Health Care\nWhat is Plant Health Care?\nPlant Health Care (PHC) is a holistic approach to caring for your trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, with the goal of improving and maintaining the health and aesthetics of your landscape. A true PHC program draws from different strategies including cultural, biological and pest/disease control treatments.\nCultural methods are the foundation to a healthy and sustainable landscape. This involves thoughtful selection and placement of new plant materials, proper planting techniques, adequate watering, mulching, soil improvement and pruning to promote health and mitigate tree failure.\nBiological control includes the use of natural parasites, pathogens and predators of pests. Many of these beneficial organisms exist naturally in the landscape and can be promoted by increasing plant material diversity and reducing pesticide usage.\nCertain pests and diseases will require treatment, for which we utilize a broad array of natural, organic, and synthetic products. Many of these products are considered to be “biorational”, a word to describe products that have low environmental impact. For more information on biorational, we recommend these university extension sites: UVM and UMass\nWhy is Plant Health Care Important?\nTrees are inherently at a disadvantage when growing in a planted landscape setting due to turf competition, lack of soil microorganisms, compaction, poor drainage and low levels of organic matter. In addition, with the continued effects of climate change creating unpredictable weather events such as drought, wet spells and an overall warming trend, we are seeing higher levels of pest and disease pressure on plants that may already be under stress due to these weather extremes. The trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants that compose our landscapes contribute immensely to the health, function and value of the property, and need to be managed properly to increase long-term benefits. Chippers ISA Certified Arborists will evaluate your landscape and build a custom PHC program that is suited to your specific needs.\nAssessment & Monitoring\nOur professional arborists examine a single plant or entire groups to determine the best approach for maintaining or improving the health of your landscape.\nThe first step to addressing plant health problems is to properly identify the host plant and the pest or disease (biotic factors) affecting the plant. We often take plant tissue samples for laboratory analysis to aid in identification or verify our field diagnosis. We may also collect root zone soil samples for laboratory analysis of pH, organic matter content and macronutrients. Results will help determine the need for a pH adjustment or fertilizer applications to improve soil conditions.\nWe also investigate environmental factors such as soil compaction, poor drainage, and improper planting depth (abiotic factors). These conditions are often the “root” of the problem and must be corrected first or in combination with a pest or disease problem.\nOur licensed, trained and dedicated technicians (see our credentials) build a strong working relationship with our clients and over time gain a deep understanding of each client’s landscape. This creates a stronger PHC program year-after-year as we learn what specific issues are common in a landscape, allowing us to be proactive and make modifications to annual programs.\nConcern for the Environment\nWe are excited to offer biorational and hybrid programs that focus not only on the health of the individual trees and shrubs, but also on the health of the soil and surrounding ecosystem to foster an environment where your landscape plants will thrive.\nWith our dedication to environmental stewardship and commitment to offering our services to every client, we are proud to be one of the few companies to be certified by the NH Department of Pesticide Control to treat ornamentals and trees (and lawns) in the NH Sunapee Region watershed. A special permit was just issued to allow us to provide a variety of trunk injection treatments for valuable trees growing right up to the water’s edge. Our advanced trunk injection system allows us to deliver products directly into the vascular system of the tree without any risk or overspray or soil leaching. These treatments can address difficult pests and diseases like boring insects, mites, scale, and Dutch elm disease.\nOur precise use of organic, natural, biorational and non-biorational synthetic products around these vital water resources extends to each and every client’s landscape, exemplifying our commitment to the environment while providing our clients with the results they expect.\nNeonicotinoids & Bees\nConsumer awareness and concern continues to rise surrounding a specific class of pesticides known as “neonicotinoids” and their suspected negative impact on pollinators and other beneficial insects. Chippers has always used these products responsibly and in a manner that reduces risk as much as possible.\nWhile our Turf Division is no longer using any neonicotinoid, the PHC division continues to use these products only for specific pests via very targeted application methods to significantly the reduce risk to pollinators. Bark sprays and soil injection applications deliver the product quickly and safely to the tree for preventative and curative treatments for difficult pests such as wood boring beetles, leaf miners and scale insects that affect many of our trees and shrubs.\nOur ultimate goal is to significantly reduce or even bypass the need for any product applications by improving the growing conditions for your trees and shrubs. Our natural fertilizers and organic soil amendments are designed to feed the soil biology and promote the growth and development of a healthy ecosystem. Just one cup of healthy soil contains billions of microorganisms that naturally protect against pests and disease. The basis for growing a beautiful and sustainable landscape is rooted in nutrient-rich and productive soil.\nDisease & Pest Control Programs\nOur biorational program uses organic, natural and biorational products. Biorational products have the ability to control many common pests and diseases with minimal disruption to the environment and its inhabitants. Some of these products are synthetic, but are recognized by the EPA to have very low environmental risks and break down rapidly into harmless byproducts. This program is well suited for sensitive areas or waterfronts, and people who wish to use only the lowest impact products available. Many of these products are certified by the Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) and are approved for use on organic certified properties and farms. For more information on the term biorational, we recommend these university extension sites: UVM and UMass\nOur hybrid program allows our technicians to use a broader array of products including organic, natural, biorational and non-biorational synthetic. It is important to understand that some pests and diseases can only be effectively controlled with non-biorational synthetic products. However, by using targeted application techniques we can achieve control of these difficult pests and diseases with minimal impact to the environment. This program is ideal for landscapes that experience more severe pest or disease outbreaks or landscapes that may require the use of certain products not considered to be biorational. However, we always strive to use the lowest impact treatments whenever possible.\nOur proactive programs mean that if insects and disease are at or below an acceptable threshold, then a visit may consist of applying a biostimulant to feed beneficial soil organisms, boost plant growth and increase plant health naturally. These products may contain different types of beneficial microorganisms, trace nutrients and humic acid. Vigorous trees and shrubs that are growing in biologically diverse and healthy soil are much more resistant to pest and disease outbreaks and environmental stressors\nTree & Shrub Fertilization\nWe use a soil-injected fertilizer blended with naturally-derived nutrients. We also add humic substances (nature’s way of assisting in the movement of nutrients from soil to plant), seaweed extract, and trace minerals. This blend is a rich energy source for supporting and increasing the soil food web. Methodically applied in either the spring or fall, with an annual or biennial mix, it nourishes and sustains your trees or shrubs. We use a hydraulic system which is difficult to replicate without the use of high pressure pumps and soil injection devices for optimum delivery of the product in large volumes.\nWe even have specialized post-construction fertilizer solutions to help trees rebound from the stress of nearby construction. For more on the importance of protecting your trees during construction, click here.\nFor more information watch our fall fertilization video:\nWe utilize the latest in advanced technologies to inject directly into the vascular system of a tree with minimal damage for treatments of several insects and diseases such as Dutch elm disease, emerald ash borer and bacterial blights. We can also treat for growth and seed/flower reduction. Growth reduction has many benefits and is an excellent product to aid in the health of important older trees.\nCambistat is a growth regulator that reduces a tree’s canopy growth by 40-70% over a three-year period. Slow growing trees product stronger wood and are more resistant to pests and diseases. Reducing above-ground growth also reduces the amount of pruning, prevents overcrowding of competing trees, maintains vista views, promotes root growth, and increases heat and drought tolerance. This treatment can help increase the overall health and beauty of valuable shade trees and ornaments growing in your landscape.\nClick here for more information on using Cambistat to reduce growth.\nEmerald Ash Borer (EAB)\nThe emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive beetle that has killed hundreds of millions of ash trees in North America since its discovery Michigan in 2005. As a non-native insect, EAB lacks predators to keep it in check. The larvae of the beetle attack ash trees and the infested trees die within three to five years. As of May 2020, 106 NH towns and 7 of its 10 counties have confirmed infestations. On February 28, 2018 it was announced that VT had its first confirmed infestation in Orange County and has now spread to 11 of Vermont’s 14 counties.\nIndividual high-value trees can be saved by treating them with insecticides, but it is best to treat preventatively, before the tree is attacked. We currently use the most advanced products and injection tools to treat ash trees. We offer a trunk injection treatment that has been proven to prevent EAB infestation for a full two years. We strongly advise our clients to begin a biennial treatment program for any valuable ash trees they wish to preserve.\nClick here for our Notes from the Arborist for more information on the signs of EAB and how they inflict damage.\nSummer Stress Relief\nThis treatment helps to alleviate summer stress related to heat and drought by adding needed moisture, feeding the soil and helping the root system access water and nutrients. This natural and organic soil-injected liquid blend delivers water, soil conditioners, biostimulatns and humic substances directly to the root zone of the tree or shrub. During the most challenging part of the growing season, this mixture focuses on feeding the soil and stimulating the root system. We do not want to push new growth, so the blend does not contain fertilizer. Click here for more information on our Summer Stress Relief Blend.\nWe offer an organic soil supplement containing advanced composts, carbon and soluble humates to improve soil health. Healthy soil has a diverse biology that is rich in organic matter, contains stable carbon, supports a diverse ecology, and retains water and nutrients. This product replicates the fall leaf litter and forest debris that is absent from most landscape soils. Over time, repeat applications will continue to build soil health and increase plant health and vigor naturally.\nFor season-long deer browse suppression, we use DeerPro®, a Thiram-based deer repellent.\nAnti-desiccant treatments, applied in the late fall into early winter and early spring before the soil is able to warm, prevent wind burn, winter kill and drought damage. Drought and frozen ground will prevent roots from taking up water while foliage continues to lose moisture due to drying winds.\nCompacted Soil Treatments\nMost soil in the home landscape has been compacted, graded, or removed and replaced with sub-par material lacking in biological diversity. Soil compaction impedes water infiltration and reduces total pore space that limits water availability. Shallow, compact and poorly drained soils force the tree to concentrate roots very close to the surface, which are very susceptible to desiccation. Trees depend heavily on symbiotic relationships with countless soil microorganisms to access water and nutrients within the soil.\nWe use an airspade, which is a tool that applies a non-damaging stream of supersonic air to penetrate and dislodge compacted soil. Depending on the soil conditions, we may add high quality topsoil and compost into de-compacted areas to improve soil health.\nThe installation of mulch around the base of a tree or group of trees to protect the root flare, mitigate heat and drought stress, add organic matter to the soil and reduce soil compaction. It’s important to point out that many well-intentioned homeowners and even landscapers pile too mulch around the root collar. This is commonly known as a “mulch volcano”. Mulch above the root collar can cause bark death and decay, harbor damaging insects and disease and contribute to decline. It can also encourage the growth of girdling roots that encircle the main stem and cut off water and nutrient flow.\nThorough inspection for inventory and mapping of legacy trees and other important trees on a property by an ISA Certified Arborist or an ASCA Consulting Arborist. Species, size, condition, coordinates and maintenance records are recorded for each tree.\nWe provide a watering service for your trees and shrubs, particularly important for those that are newly planted. The service can be scheduled throughout the summer months, done on an as-needed basis and charged per visit.\nInvasive (Exotic) Pest Watch\nIn addition to the emerald ash borer information above, there are two other very destructive invasive insects that threaten to or have already made their way into New Hampshire and Vermont. These insect pests are called exotic because they are not native to our country and have no natural enemies: Asian Longhorned Beetle (this was in NH and successfully eradicated for now) and Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (confirmed in NH and VT).\nISA Certified Arborist\nISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualification\nTCIA Certified Treecare Safety Professional\nForest Technology Degree\nISA Certified Arborist\nNH Arborist Association Certified Arborist\nASCA – Member Consulting Arborist\nVT Association of Professional Horticulturists\nISA Certified Arborist\nTCIA Certified Treecare Safety Professional\nTCIA Electrical Hazards Awareness Program Certified\nNew England Crane School Basic Rigging Certification\nAAS Arboriculture and Landscape Management\nISA Certified Arborist\nISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualification\nNHAA Certified Arborist\nTCIA Certified PHC Technician\nVT/NH Licensed Plant Health Care Applicator\nBS in Forest Ecosystem Science\nNH & VT Applicator’s Licenses\nISA Certified Arborist NE-7692A", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Single location in the municipality Kaub (area Loreley) in the German growing area middle Rhine\n, The name probably indicates a bakery. The oriented south to southwest vineyard in 80 to 180 meters above sea level with 50 to 70% slope covers three hectares of vineyards on Tonschieferverwitterungsboden with rock in the underground. The Hangfuß is only 70 meters away from the Rhine. Here, especially the variety Riesling is cultivated. A share of the situation has, for example, the winery Fetz Sonnenhang.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sound AG is an agriculture company uses Obviously AI to supercharge their sales team by providing crop yield predictions for their fertilizer products. Read more to learn how they do it\nSales team uses real-time crop yield predictions to sell fertilizers.\nSetup AI models in just 2 days vs. 6 months it would take otherwise.\nAI models work seamlessly on their landing page with no maintenance.\nSound Agriculture’s biggest challenge was predicting the different yields a farmer is likely to get if they use their fertilizer with different CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), OM (Organic Matter) and pH levels. These prediction needed to be accurate then, relayed to sales so their product knowledge was enhanced. In turn increasing sales success.\nSound AG’s biggest challenge was predicting the crop yields from the chemical properties of soil - soil type, pH level, vegetation type, etc. If they could accurately predict yield from these components of soil they could sell their formulated microbiome activator to help get more nitrogen and phosphorus from your soil, which in turn increases crop yield. These predictions needed to be accurate, then, relayed to sales to improve their pitch.\nTheir in-house data science team was backlogged and wanted a solution that could quickly build models, was seamless to deploy and didn’t require any maintenance moving forward. After trying several solutions such as Google AutoML, AWS Sagemaker, etc, they turned to Obviously AI for its insanely fast time-to-model as well as the ease at which they could embed these models on their website.\nSound AG increased crop yield by 5-10 bu/acre. The sales team reduced their time to qualify by 50% and were able to increase sales conversion rates by 11.2%.\nWe've got the most mileage out of Obviously Al by predicting yield which has transformed our data driven sales process.\nSee how no code machine learning can transform your business and change how you make decisions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Weekly Weather and Crop Update\nLooking at the Weekly Weather and Crop Update from the Southern Research and Outreach Center I thought to myself, what a difference a couple weeks can make! Soil temperatures at the 2 inch depth were below freezing until April 20th. Now, just 2 weeks later the soil has warmed up to 60 degrees and field work has begun. Small grains have been planted and a little bit of corn. Hopefully we can get going again in a day or two after the rain last night.\nLast week temperatures averaged 53.4 degrees which was 1 degree above normal. Rainfall totaled 1.00 inch and that was 0.14 inches above normal. Soil temperatures at the 2 inch depth averaged 53.6 degrees very close to the long term normal. Last year this week was miserable. It was cold and wet with an average temperature of 40.9 degrees and we received 1.76 inches of rain.\nHopefully the forecast does not change because it looks pretty good with warm temperatures mostly sunny and light winds. Hopefully the soils dry quickly and we can get back in the field this weekend!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Abnormal root and shoot tips.\n- Mottled, puckered, chlorotic foliage and growing points.\n- Roots may be swollen or have encircling necrotic bands just behind the root tips.\n- Susceptable seedlings often do not emerge from the soil.\n- Indaziflam may cause soil line girdling with occasional stem swelling just above the girdle on susceptible plants.\n- Girdled stems often result in wilting followed by browning of entire above-ground portion.\nPlant Entry and Symptom Expression\nCellulose inhibitors may affect both roots and shoots. Herbicides with this mode of action are usually applied prior to weed emergence but may cause injury to emerged and established plants by foliar absorption, inhibition of root growth, or stem girdling at or just above soil line. Roots and/or tender new shoots are injured within a few days following application. Soil movement is minimal and volatilization and photodegradation are not a concern.\nCellulose and cell wall inhibitor injury may be confused with symptoms from:\n- Stubby roots caused by dinitroanaline herbicides such as oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin.\n- The reduced root size and number caused by the mitotic inhibitor dithiopyr, a pthalic acid.\n- Puckered, curled and mottled foliage may be confused with damage from dinitroanaline.\n- Herbicides or sucking insects (such as aphids).\n- Mottled foliage may sometimes be confused with nematode, plant virus and/or nutritional disorders.\nHerbicide Mode of Action Category\nMode of Action Group 29\nApplied Weed Science: Including the Ecology and Management of Invasive Plants (3rd Edition), Merrill Ross & Carol Lembi, pages 169, 181, 288-290\nPublication date: Dec. 11, 2015\nRevised: Aug. 3, 2023\nN.C. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment regardless of age, color, disability, family and marital status, gender identity, national origin, political beliefs, race, religion, sex (including pregnancy), sexual orientation and veteran status.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The purpose of the present study was to determine the long-term benefits of adding compost compost during restoration of brownfield sites, especially from the perspective of carbon stored as organic matter. In 2007 five brownfield sites in NE England were amended with PAS100 green waste compost prior to planting with four energy crops – SRC willow, Miscanthus, switchgrass and reed canarygrass. At the Rainton Bridge site near Sunderland the resulting 1 hectare trial included perpendicular strips where 250, 500 or 750 t.ha-1 of compost were spread and incorporated into the upper c 10 cm surface of subsoil placed over a clay cap. Soils at this site were resampled in 2017-18 to determine if the effects of different rates of compost addition were still discernible. Tests included total and available nutrients, residual contaminants and in particular the resultant soil organic carbon levels.\nSoils are a very important store of carbon For example the annual emissions of carbon as carbon dioxide gas from burning fossil fuels are equal to just four tenths of one percent of the carbon currently stored in the earth's soils. So taking care to add the right amount of organic material when restoring derelict sites could help add soil carbon to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions, as well as greening-up the sites for leisure purposes or nature conservation.\nThe project has shown that important differences can still be detected in brownfield soils 10 years after adding different amounts of green waste compost. An academic publication is in preparation to describe these in detail, which will be made publicly available here when it is published.\nThe British Land Reclamation Society is thanked for funding from the BLRS Legacy Investment Initiative that allowed the 10 year resampling of the BioReGen trial site\n10-year carbon storage & nutrient status of compost-amended brownfield soils\n|Short title||British Land Resclamation Society Legacy Investment|\n|Effective start/end date||1/10/17 → 30/11/18|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Now that LITTLE SHOWOFF is full of buds, we now get to see how they\nwere affected by the 17 Degree temperature of this morning. It looks like\nit could come close to doing it again tonight. Now, at 10:20 P.M.\nWednesday night, it is down to 30 again. This is after having been 80\nDegrees last Saturday. The next few days will tell if the buds got killed\nMark A. Cook\nLexington, KY USDA Zone 5/6 Sunset Zone 35", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": ". Very uniform, high-yielding organic eggplant with classic bell shape. Very uniform, high-yielding organic eggplant with classic bell shape. 70 Days. Select Select Packet $7.90 100 Seeds $25.60 250 Seeds $39.58 1,000 Seeds $117.45 5,000 Seeds $516.80 Select. Quantity David's Garden Seeds Eggplant Kermit 3462 (Green) 25 Non-GMO, Hybrid Seeds. 3.9 out of 5 stars. 16. $7.45. $7. . 45. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. In stock on March 27, 2021 100% Pure Indian Organic Seeds 45 Variety (2580+ seeds) Of Vegetable Seeds Free Shipping. jaipurstation. 4.5 out of 5 stars. (43) $20.99 FREE shipping. Add to Favorites Thai Round Eggplant Seeds, Round Green Eggplant Organic Seeds for Vegetable Garden - Organic Garden Supplies (Non GMO) thaiorganicfarm. From shop thaiorganicfarm. 4.5 out of 5 stars. (105) 105 reviews. $3.99. Favorite. Add to\nFind eggplant seeds and plants that have pretty purple flowers and handsome, glossy fruits available at Burpee. Eggplant seeds grow well when intermingled with flowers. Browse a huge selection of eggplant seeds and plants that ornamental in your vegetable garden or patio in stock at Burpee. Burpe Orient Charm. (F1) Eggplant Seed. Strong plant with high yields of purple Asian-type fruits. Strong plant with high yields of purple Asian-type fruits. 65 Days. Select Packet $2.40 250 Seeds $6.50 1,000 Seeds $18.90 5,000 Seeds $83.00 Packet / $4.75 $2.40. Quantity. Subtract From Quantity Black Beauty Eggplant Seeds - Solanum Melongena - 0.5 Grams - Approx 100 Gardening Seeds - Vegetable Garden Seed 3.4 out of 5 stars 127 $2.50 $ 2 . 50 $3.45 $3.4 Davana-NEW FOR 2021! (Artemisia pallens) The davana plant is a member of the daisy family and is native to southern India, where it's traditionally used by Ayurvedic healers to balance the three energies.Davana is small to medium in size and is an erect, herbaceous plant that can grow up to 40-60 centimeters in height. The leaves are deeply lobed with many small leaflets and are green with a. Eggplant seeds germinate at temperatures between 60 and 95 degrees F. Most areas will require seeds to be started indoors, 8-10 weeks before your last frost in the spring. Sow eggplant seeds small pots, ¼ inch deep. Water, cover loosely with a plastic bag or a plastic seedling flat cover to retain moisture\nAs low as $5.50 per package. A heat-loving annual, eggplant is a great choice for your vegetable garden, as well as an ornamental bed. Sliced thin and breaded for eggplant parmesan, or sliced thick like steaks marinated in Italian dressing and grilled, mmmm hmmm we love our summer eggplant! Our Eggplant Seeds are on sale, by the packet or in. 75-100 days. A southern heirloom variety, Louisiana Long Green produces extra sweet, long and slender fruits on tall, prolific plants. Downright non-bitter, these mild tender-skin Eggplants are velvety, pale lime-green with creamy-white flesh that is meaty and full-flavored Vankaya Masala koora is a dry, vegan eggplant curry. Eggplant is sautéed with basic Indian spices and jazzed up with peanut and sesame seed powder. With all the prep work done, cook time is less than 15 minutes and less than 30 minutes with prep work. A variation to this curry is stuffing baby eggplants with peanut sesame spice mix\nsalt, olive oil, eggplant, garlic, cumin, ginger, spices, mustard seeds and 16 more Vankaya Masala Koora ~ Sauteed Indian Eggplant My Spicy Kitchen roasted peanuts, cumin, oil, chili powder, salt, green chilies and 7 mor Eggplant seed planting should occur four to six weeks before your last frost date. Although eggplant seeds are tiny, sow the seeds about ¼-inch (6 mm.) deep with good quality potting soil in flats or cell containers. Use a dome or cloche to retain heat as well as humidity to encourage germination when eggplant seed planting indoors We specialize in Eggplant Plants, choose from 65 Eggplant varieties. Indian Eggplant, Standard, Slender, White, Green, Striped, Italian, Chinese Apply some oil on all sides of the eggplant. Line a baking tray with a baking sheet or aluminum foil. Place the eggplant pieces on it- pulp side down. Bake in a pre-heated oven at 200°C (around 400°F) for 30 minutes or until the skin gets charred and pulp starts leaving the skin\nSow Right Seeds - Indian Vegetable Collection for Planting - Individual Packets Striped Paste Tomato, Emerald Okra, Long Purple Eggplant, Coriander (Cilantro), and Fennel, Non-GMO Heirloom Seeds 5.0 out of 5 stars South Indian Pickled Eggplant Makes around 2 jars . 1/2 cup olive oil 10 cloves garlic, minced ½ tbsp fenugreek seeds ½ tbsp cumin seeds 1 dried red chili, mashed ½ tsp mustard seeds 6 - 10 curry leaves. 1 cup vinegar 1/3 cup water 1 tbsp salt. 2-3 medium size eggplant, cut into small cubes 2 inches ginger, minced 1½ tbsp tumeri An Indian hybrid, 'Hari' has waxy green, thin skin and grows from green stems. Eggplant Seeds, Hazzard's Seeds, Kitazawa Seed Company, Javagado Land, Park Seed, Seeds of India, and True Leaf Market. Uncredited photos: Shutterstock. About Kristina Hicks-Hamblin. Kristina Hicks-Hamblin lives on a dryland permaculture homestead in the. Eggplant Udumalpet Indian Heirloom Striped graffiti galaxy of stars 25 seeds. $3.50. Free shipping. 35 White Casper Eggplant Seeds. Great Flavor. $0.99. $2.00 shipping\nHigh Quality Affordable Seeds, Delivered Fast - Non-GMO, Heirlooms, Organics & More. Vegetable, Herb, Flower, Grain, Cover Crop, Microgreens, Sprouts, Wheatgrass & Mor Louisiana Long Green, Eggplant Seeds. The prolific Louisiana Long Green Eggplant is an attractive banana-shaped variety that has a delicious full-bodied nutty flavor. This Southern heirloom variety is best picked young, with its white slightly green-ish skin, for optimal texture and flavor. This tall eggplant plant produces 8-9 inch long fruits. Thai Long Green Eggplant Seeds ***(More Heirloom, Organic, Non GMO, Vegetable, Fruit, Herb, Flower Garden Seeds at Seed King Express) SeedKingExpress. 3.5 out of 5 stars (844) $ 3.79 FREE shipping Favorite Add to Green Bell Pepper - Non-Hot Organic Seeds ProSeeds. 4.5 out of 5.\nStep 1. Preheat the oven's broiler. Rub oil on the outside of the egg plant, or coat with cooking spray. Place under the broiler, and cook until the flesh is soft and the skin is blistering off, about 30 minutes. Turn as needed for even cooking. Cut the eggplant in half lengthwise, and scoop the flesh out of the skin eggplant seeds, organic eggplant seeds, non-gmo eggplant seeds, heirloom eggplant, non-gmo eggplant, white eggplant, green eggplant, small eggplant seeds Seeds for Vegetables, flowers and herbs found in the Indian Subcontinent Live nursery plants Starter plants essential for every Indian home garden Brinjal curry, an everyday Indian dish made with eggplants, onions, tomatoes, herbs and spices. This one pot comforting curry is quick to make under 25 mins & is packed with delicious flavors. In India, brinjal curry is made in so many ways. Apart from this simplest recipe, I have also shared a few stuffed eggplant curry recipes like gutti vanakaya, bharwa baingan and Hyderabadi bagara baingan Cambodian Green Giant Eggplant. Here is a large, round, flat variety from the kingdom of Cambodia. We collected this variety in 2004, when we were touring this once war-torn southeast Asian country. Attractive fruit is pale green with dark green stripes.This is a very unique color pattern for a large variety. These are great eating, and have a.\nEggplant, Midnight Moon Hybrid. Write a review. Here's the one you want — it's the finest eggplant we've seen in years! $3.95. In stock. SKU. prod500833. Here's the one you want — it's the finest eggplant we've seen in years! Ripens earlier than 'Black Beauty', with the creamy white, nearly seedless flesh of 'Early. AAS (All-America Selections) Winners. Fairy Tale. (F1) Eggplant Seed. Attractive purple-and-white mini eggplant with wonderful flavor. Attractive purple-and-white mini eggplant with wonderful flavor. 65 Days. Select Packet $4.75 100 Seeds $13.10 250 Seeds $24.82 1,000 Seeds $73.45 5,000 Seeds $323.30 Packet / $4.75. Quantity Eggplant and sesame seeds is a wonderful dish made with long sized variety of eggplant or brinjals, stir fried with delicate aromatic Indian spices and finally topped with some roasted and crushed sesame seeds to give an excellent texture and taste to this dish. Eggplant is a versatile vegetable and commonly used in Indian cuisine and a popular ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking\nPetch Siam. Seed #470. This well-known and productive matti gulla variety is easy to grow. Matti is an Indian village famous for this type of eggplant. The small (2 in diameter), round, green eggplants have a dark green stripe and are very popular in cuisines of India, Thailand, and Vietnam. Warm season annual. Approx. 190-200 seeds in packet Add the masala paste from the blender and mix to combine. Stir the Masala Spice Paste for a couple of minutes until fragrant. Pour in the Tamarind water. Stir in the tamarind water and arrange the eggplants nicely in the sauce. Bring the Brinjal Curry to a simmer, cover, and simmer gently for 20-25 minutes Growing up, an eggplant was an eggplant: large, purple and kind of bitter if you didn't cook it right. Today, there are dozens of different types at the farmers market stalls. You'll find long and narrow Japanese eggplant, round purple Indian varieties and tiny little green ones that look like they're not ripe at all. It might feel a bit.\nInstagram. Filipino eggplant is long and thin and sometimes slightly curved. The smooth, outer skin is dark purple with specks of green throughout. This type of eggplant has a delicate flavor and very few seeds and is commonly used for roasting, frying, or in stews. 10. Green Apple I have used green color eggplant which has less seeds. Wash the eggplant and pat dry. with the knife, make small slits into eggplant, and place 2-3 garlic cloves into it. then grease it with some oil. put eggplant into direct gas flame, cook it on open fire on medium heat, rotate it with spatula every 2-3 minutes\n200+ Chinese Eggplant|Long Purple Eggplants Aubergine Asian Vegetable Seeds, USA. $0.99. $1.99 shipping. RARE NEW! Japanese Heirloom Mitoyo Eggplant 15 Seeds Sweet Flavor. $2.59. Free shipping. 54 sold Plant the seeds 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) deep and moisten the medium. Using your fingers, push 1-2 eggplant seeds into the growing medium in each individual seed container. Make sure that the seeds are about 0.25 inches (0.64 cm) under the surface of the growing medium. Cover over the seeds and mist or sprinkle water onto the surface\n2. Bianca Eggplant. With a sweet and creamy taste and texture, these eggplants are large and round with a thin, purple-and-white skin. This is an Italian heirloom variety that is perfect for making eggplant Parmesan or for stuffing and you can find dozens of other recipes for it online. 3 Roast the eggplant. Pre-heat your oven to 350 degrees. Remove the stem from the Indian eggplant. Cut each eggplant into 4 wedges lengthwise. Think of cutting an egg in half for deviled eggs and then half again. Cut it that way. Toss the eggplant in a little vegetable oil Eggplant Black Beauty Ibrido F1 (90-21) $4.50. Quick View. Add to Cart The Indian baby type is small, a few inches long, round egg like shape, with smooth, dark purple skin and a green calyx. The eggplant is a perennial plant in tropical and annual in temperate climates Best Eggplant For Stuffed Recipes. Especially for stuffed eggplant recipes, I prefer the small, deep indigo colored eggplant. You can definitely find these at Indian groceries stores. Ironically, it is referred to as Indian Eggplant! Pick the ones with stalks that are green and thick (as opposed to grey and wilted)\nYUMMY ORANGE. SUN GOLD HYBRID. ROSA BIANCA. GRANULAR ORGANIC SUPER LAWN and GARDEN - 25LBS. Choose from 500 varieties of Chile and Sweet Pepper Plants, 200 Varieties of Tomato Plants, and 75 Varieties of Eggplant Plants! Locals can also choose from 120 varieties of Basil Plants, 20 varieties of Tomatillo Plants This productive variety bears large, green, and oval-shaped fruit with an excellent, sweet flavor. Fruits are borne singly, have faint purple stripes, and mature in color from green to yellow. Mature plants reach 1.5-2' tall and bear fruits that grow 5-7 long and 3-4 wide and weigh 11-15 ounces. Long popular on the Exchange, this variety was acquired by Seed Savers Exchange in the 1980s from. The seeds tend to make the bharta bitter so preferably remove them before mashing. In addition, you also need some onion, tomatoes, ginger, garlic, green chillies, cilantro and Indian spices to make this delicious dish\nEggplant, Solanum melongena, is a tropical, herbaceous, perennial plant, closely related to tomato, in the family Solanaceae which is grown for its edible fruit. The plants has a branching stem and simple, long, flat. coarsely lobed leaves which are green in color and are arranged alternately on the branches. The leaves can measure 10 to 20 cm. 4/16. 10/16. Westfield. 4/25. 10/10. *Based on statistics there is a 10% chance that frost will occur before or after these dates. Watch your local weather for more accurate dates. Indiana on average has approximately 170 days between the last and first frost. Use the planting schedules below for planning when to plant tomatoes, peppers and more 60 days. Solanum melongena. Plant produces good yields of tasty pale green round to oval shaped eggplants. Eggplant has an extremely mild flavor and white flesh. Excellent for Northern regions. United States Department of Agriculture, GRIF 14190. pk/2 Eggplant, also popular as aubergine and brinjal, is one of the very low-calorie vegetables. Nonetheless, it contains a very healthy nutrition profile, including soluble dietary fiber and antioxidant anthocyanins. Calories- 24/100g, Folic acid-22 µg (5.5% DV), Pyridoxine- 0.084 mg (6.5% DV), Vitamin C- 2.2 mg (3.5% DV), Potassium- 230mg (5% DV), Copper- 0.082 mg (9% DV), and Manganese- 0.250. Look at a Thai eggplant and it's easy to see why eggplants are botanically classified as berries. This small, round variety has a green and white exterior and a pale pink flesh, although they can also be purple. They're more bitter than other varieties, so if you'd like to avoid that, completely remove the seeds\nOnce the mustard seeds start to crack, add the tomato passata along with the curry powder, turmeric, coriander powder, salt and green chillies. Stir to mix well. Add the eggplant, potatoes and water. Stir well to coat all the pieces. Cover and cook on medium/low heat for 20-25 minutes or until cooked through Rare Thai Eggplant seeds. Thai eggplant is best used when immature , with fruits that are green and firm. Fruit is crunchy and with a unique flavor, typically seen in Thai Curries. Plant is compact but productive. Sweeter flavor than Thai Pea Eggplant and much larger (2-3in diameter). Looks ver Step 1: Get grillin'. In a small bowl, whisk the first seven ingredients until blended. Then, brush 2 tablespoons of the juice mixture over both sides of the eggplant slices. Grill, covered, over medium heat 4-6 minutes on each side, or until tender This Eggplant Curry with Coconut Milk is a mild curry as the spiciness of green chillies is toned down by creamy, sweet coconut milk. The melt in mouth, soft fleshed, stir fried Eggplant pieces graciously embraced all the spices and the addition of coconut milk just added that 'oomph' factor to this rather special Eggplant Curry with Coconut Milk Eggplant (US, Australia, New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK, Ireland, Quebec, and most of mainland Western Europe) or brinjal (South Asia, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit.. Most commonly purple, the spongy, absorbent fruit is used in several cuisines\nGreen Eggplant Potato Curry | Aloo Baingan Recipe in Pressure Cooker - Cooked in selective spices, this curry brings a distinct aroma & flavour complementing both eggplant and potato. I have also shared thee Instant Pot Eggplant Curry with Video.. Editor's note: This post was originally published in June 2015 and has been updated with Video and replaced with new pictures for. In the same pan in which you had fried the eggplant, add 1 tablespoon of oil on medium heat. Once the oil is hot add mustard seeds and let them crackle. Then add onion seeds (kalonji) and fennel seeds (saunf). Saute till they sizzle. Add chopped green chilli and curry leaves and mix. Add chopped onions and cook till they are translucent Add the spice paste, the chickpeas, and 1/2 cup of water. Stir well, add salt to taste, and cover. Simmer, adding more water if the sauce seems too thick, until the eggplants are tender\nNow add the eggplant, and stir well to coat the cubes with the spices. Simmer, covered, for 12 minutes, stirring often, until the eggplant is tender and the mixture is fairly thick. Stir in the peas and salt, cover, and cook for another 5 minutes until the peas are tender. Serve hot with fresh cooked rice or Indian flatbreads. Makes 6 to 8 serving They come in different colors, but they're usually green mixed with yellow or white. They're often used in hot chile or curry dishes. Remove the bitter seeds before using. Substitutes: pea eggplants (smaller, more bitter) white eggplant This eggplant has a tough skin but a more delicate flavor and firmer flesh than the American eggplant\nPea eggplant Petch Siam Plant Plants And Edibles Plate brush Purple Recipes ROUND EGGPLANT Seeds spo-disabled Sun Susumber Jamaica Thai Baby Eggplant Thai Eggplant THAI Green Thai Green Eggplan Thai pea eggplant Turkeyberry Vegetable Vegetable Eggplant Water nightshade West Indian Chines Louisiana Long Green Eggplant $2.00 (Solanum melongena) 20 seeds per pack. An uncommon eggplant bearing fruits that ripen to green! The long fruits can grow up to 9, with a very mild and also sweet flavor. Skin ripens to a light green. #2699 Open pollinated..\nEggplant, Louisiana (Long Green) (Heirloom/100% Non-Hybrid/Non-GMO) Solanum melongena. Produces excellent yields of 9 long/glossy light green eggplants. - White flesh. - Very delicious with nutty flavor and no bitterness. - Excellent for Creole fish stew and other culinary creations. Eggplant Seeds | Start seed indoors to allow at least 10. Punjabi baingan ka bharta requires roasted eggplant. Roast eggplant on a gas cooktop by placing the eggplants straight over the burner(s) and keeping the flame on low setting. Keep turning and cooking until all the skin on the eggplant is charred and the inner flesh looks really soft, about 20 minutes; the eggplant will seem to 'cave in' on itself Baingan Bharta is a classic Punjabi Recipe that is made from smoked and chargrilled brinjals then mish-mashed and cooked along with a combination of spices. The main ingredient of the Baingan Bharta that adds to its flavours is the green chillies, ginger along with finely chopped tomatoes and coriander powder. Every region in india has their own version of Baingan Bharta and this is our family. An overripe eggplant is typically hard and shriveled. Slice open the overripe eggplant and separate the flesh from the seeds, putting the seeds in a bowl of water and rinsing away the pulp. Next, strain the seeds, pat them dry and spread them out on a tray to dry no more than two seeds thick. If you want viable seeds that you can use next.\nIPS056 - Malabar spinach (Green Stem) - 10 seeds. IPS056 - Malabar spinach (Green Stem) - 10 seeds. Regular price. $1.99. Sale price. $1.99. Regular price Renuka's Eggplant Korma. Heat oil in a medium pan over medium heat. Mix in cumin and mustard seeds and onion. Cook and stir until onion is tender. Mix ginger garlic paste, curry leaves, and tomato into the pan, and cook about 1 minute. deep fry eggplants and add these fried eggplants in to the pan, and cook about 1 minute, and add coconut and. Growing Eggplant Seeds. In the spring, get your seeds out of storage, and get ready for your new eggplant crop. Plant your seeds from 10 to 12 weeks before the last frost. It takes from two to three weeks for the eggplant seeds to germinate. They need warm conditions from 80°(27°C) to 90°F(32°C). You can plant four seeds in a pot, then thin. Method. Cut the brinjals into quarter inch pieces or round pieces and keep it soaked in water to prevent discoloration. Heat oil in a kadai. Add the mustard seeds, asafoetida and curry leaves. Add the brinjal pieces and saute for few minutes. Add the masalas, salt and keep on stirring for couple of minutes. Cover and cook for 5 minutes\nPlease subscribe to our channel or visit our website at https://asiangarden2table.comWe have great selection of Asian vegetable seed for sale. Thank you very.. Midnight Queen Hybrid Eggplant Sweet and Delicious—Never Bitter Zone: 3-9. $6.99 - $17.99. Black Beauty Eggplant Up to 2-lb. Fruits Zone: 3-9. $3.99 - $16.99. Ping Tung Long Eggplant Seed Never bitter, no skinning necessary. Zone: 3-9. $3.99. Out of Stock. Stars & Stripes Hybrid Blend Eggplant Seed Three attractive varieties Thai Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Also known as: Thai Baby Eggplant, Thai Eggplant, Thai Green Eggplant. Petch Siam #470. Round Purple #471. Thai Round #472 A good choice for northern areas with cooler, short summers. Apple-green skin and mild-flavored fruits are oval in shape, have a soft texture & cream-colored flesh with edible skin. Harvest at 2-4 An American eggplant variety developed 1964 at the University of NH by legendary plant breeder Elwyn Meader. 30 seeds\nGreen seed = Beatrice eggplant. Pink seed = Nadia eggplant Seed Count: 45 - 50 / Weight: 0.2 gms/ F-1 Hybrid $ 3.29 #5112 #5112. Scroll down for full planting information. BEST TO START INDOORS . In early spring, start indoors about 2 months before outdoor night temperatures are reliably in the 50 (10°C) range.. 1 Add a tbsp of oil in a cooking vessel, add the eggplant slices and roast them till brown on both sides. Remove and keep aside. 2 In the same vessel, add the remaining oil. Once hot, add mustard seeds and as they dance around, add the cumin seeds and allow to splutter. Add ginger garlic paste and saute for 2-3 mts I had some green beans left over after making an Indian-style millet with browned onions and green beans the other night, so I cooked up a spicy side dish tonight that I haven't made in years, and after eating it, it won't be years before I make it again. This is a popular method of cooking vegetables in southern India. The crisp fried vegetables combined with the aromatic seed mixture give.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "7 CFR § 1435.313 - Permanent transfer of acreage base histories under proportionate shares.\n(a) A sugarcane producer on a farm may transfer all or a portion of the producer's acreage base history of land owned, operated, or controlled to any other farm in the State that the producer owns, operates, or controls under the Deputy Administrator-issued instructions. The transfer will reduce permanently the transferring farm's sugarcane acreage base history and increase the receiving farm's crop acreage base.\n(1) All farm owners must agree in writing to the transfer.\n(2) Producers may transfer sugarcane acreage base histories under this section by the date the State FSA committee establishes annually.\n(b) Sugarcane acreage base that has been converted to nonagricultural use on or before May 13, 2002, may be transferred to other land suitable for the production of sugarcane under the following terms:\n(1) CCC must notify 1 or more affected landowners within 90 days of becoming aware of the conversion, of their rights to transfer the base to 1 or more farms owned by the landowner;\n(2) The landowner has 90 days from the date the landowner was notified to transfer the base;\n(3) If the landowner does not exercise this transfer right, the grower of record will have 90 days after being notified by CCC to transfer the base to 1 or more farms owned by the grower;\n(4) If the transfers as specified under paragraphs (b)(2) or (3) of this section are not accomplished during the specified periods, FSA county committee will place the base into a pool for possible reassignment to other farms;\n(5) After providing notice to farm owners, operators and growers of record in the county, the committee will accept requests from farm owners, operators, and growers in the county;\n(6) The county committee will assign the base to other sugarcane farms in the county that are eligible and capable of accepting the acreage base, based on a random drawing among requests received under paragraph (b)(5) of this section;\n(7) Any unassigned base will be made available to the State FSA committee and be allocated to remaining FSA county committees in the State representing counties with farms eligible for assignment of the base, based on a random drawing; and\n(8) After the acreage base has been reassigned, the acreage base will remain on the farm and subject to the transfer provisions of paragraph (a) of this section.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Paula from Ashby Ma writes\nWe had a very wet spring in MA. Missed a spray application and now our trees have become heavily infected with scab and some other type of fungus (not sure exactly what it is.) Normally we just use Captan and Rally - but neither does much post infection.\nHi Yield Dusting Wettable Sulfur does say on the product label that it will control scab on plants whether it is a preventative or curative use. Depending on the type of scab, and if there are other diseases or insects present causing other damage, the applications may have to be applied more frequently and for longer than normal. You may need a systemic product as well if its a root disease. Try to get a sample of the tree to take to a local Master Gardner in your area to see if you can identify exactly what you have to make sure you are using the best products for your needs. Please let us know if you have any other questions.\nAnswer last updated on: 07/18/2013", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "10 questions with Jodi Roebuck\n10 Questions with award winning bio intensive farmer Jodi Roebuck, Roebuck Farm\nRegionality’s Farm2Plate Exchanges in Australia feature prominent names in the farm to plate value chain here and overseas. Bio intensive gardener, Jodi Roebuck, was a special guest at our inaugural event held last year.\nJodi runs award winning Roebuck Farm, a small scale working farm in New Zealand with a big reputation for high quality produce. The property has an international following and is an acclaimed model for sustainable food production. It won gold this week at the Outstanding NZ Food Producer Awards.\nThousands of people visit Roebuck Farm annually to observe the sustainable methods used there. We spoke with Jodi at the Farm2Plate Exchange about his bio intensive philosophies and why agritourism and, importantly, collaboration within the food to value chain is so important to Roebuck Farm operations.\n- Can small scale farms be profitable and sustainable?\nWe’re on the west coast of New Zealand. We are a very small farm, on seven acres, and we graze sheep on other people’s land. Our real moneymaker is our small scale market garden on half an acre and we currently turn over about $120,000 from that space. We’re really focused on fast growing salad and micro greens and we direct market all of that through markets, but really the main income is through retail outlets in town. The salad is easy for people to use. They can make a meal and add the salad on top. It’s [micro green sales) going really well, every week is our biggest week.\n- How do you farm at Roebuck Farm and why do you farm this way? Who buys your food?\nAt Roebuck’s farm we have a strong background in sustainability and it’s the more recent focus on the fast-days-to-maturity crops that’s become more and more profitable. Every week is our biggest week! We farm with very little outside input. We make all our own seed raising mix, we produce all of our own transplants. We use a lot of small innovative tools that make a difference—they speed up harvesting, bed prep and the planting of our crops. Also the washroom that we’ve built really streamlines everything. We have a shelf life of two weeks on our salads.\nWe supply to an independent fish shop, independent butchery, a high end small supermarket—so everybody! We’ve got dairy farmers buying the greens, families, people just wanting to know where their food comes from. We’ve got a big family in our small town of 100,000 people so we’re known for our certification and every week we’re feeding more and more people.\n- When did Roebuck Farm start and how important is the way you farm to customers?\nI’ve been farming for nearly two and a half decades and across different sectors. I’ve also done a lot of travel with the education side of the business so I’m able to see a lot of production and stack those new learnings into it. Really Roebuck Farm’s salad side of the business is about three years old. Prior to that we used to grow heritage vegetable seed. It’s the fast crops, the fast-days-to-maturity—like some of the micro greens are four days, field pea shoots are 12 days— that’s really given us a business sense. Everything is so fast! It’s in the ground and out the ground and off to retail!\nThe way we farm is really important to our customers. We’ve been on a national farming program, we’re a small farm with a big impact. Our people, that purchaser, our sellers especially, it’s that ‘taste the difference’ thing. It’s not grown hydroponically, it’s grown in the ground … People are ringing our retail shops, they are getting hooked on our salad, it’s becoming an important part of their diet.\n- Do you invite your customers onto your farm to learn what you do and why is your farm unique to your part of the world?\nYes, we do tours. Last year we had about 2000 people come through the farm. Country Calendar had half a million viewers. One in eight New Zealanders saw our production and innovation. We’re really big about telling the story. We also train a lot of farmers who come to our farm and to our events. Passing on that knowledge is how I’ve learned in my travels.\nI would say in some way our farm is unique to our part of the world, starting out with a really strong background in sustainability. Very few market gardens make all their own seed raising and grow all their own propagation. In some ways we’re unique but you know the small scale market gardening movement has really been pioneered in north America over the last 15 years. There’s a saying the one thing you don’t have on a farm is time, and it’s the new hand tools that are really making it viable to make a good living on a small parcel of land. For the right jobs the tools make it much more enjoyable.\n- Why is the agritourism aspect of what you do important? Why?\nThe agritourism side of things is important for us. We’ve created a strong brand. People know us and have seen our work and how we do it. I think people are identifying with that and this is the way we’re making the most change. We are talking with policy makers—but we feel by doing our own thing, rowing our own boat we’re making much more change there.\n- How important is collaboration in a local food system for your business?\nCollaboration in the local food system is key for our business! As an educator it’s my job also to be a learner, I need to know the R&D. Things are changing every 12 months. Watching the movement and the cross pollination, using different tools for different jobs, picking out different techniques and strategies from other farmers and around the world … and stacking them into our production has been key.\n- What is the difference between the way we farm in Australia and what is happening in New Zealand?\nI’ve seen a lot of production in Australia over the years. There’s a pattern with humans. We need to have a challenge in the environment to seek innovation and a lot of the work I do in the world is in the drier climate. It seems to be the human condition that we have to have a partial crisis before we make change and I think New Zealand has a bit to learn from grazing practices that I’ve seen in some of the drier parts of the world. The east coast of New Zealand is becoming drier so there’s a lot to learn in this more challenging environment. New Zealand could feed a lot more people. We haven’t even touched the beginning of the potential to grow more food and to do it well.\n- Is the drier climate on the east coast of New Zealand a result of climate change?\nIt’s generally always drier the way the mountains form, but yeah. You know the east coast of New Zealand still gets 1.2ml of rain and that’s plenty to be grazing on. If we talk about grazing we’re generally grazing on a younger grass in New Zealand and there’s a lot of potential to create a buffer for ourselves for the drier or wetter weather. It’s just a tweak of management really.\n- Explain bio intensive farming ?\nBiointensive farming is biological intensive farming. Part of it comes from the market gardening from the French “intensive”, the biological from biodynamics. Most of the tools are hand held, we don’t have a tractor, and our particular focus is five days to maturity crops. Everything is getting cropped in and out very fast. We focus on a deep growing structure, lots of compost, mature plant material cycled through that and intensive planting to cover the ground—basic crop rotations. If we improve the soil and living conditions for the plants we get higher yields and healthier crops. We’re also using a lot of strategies with row covers, thick netting, shed net to germinate seeds, black plastic for tarping. Due to the challenge of the climate, whether its drought, heavy rain, big wind, or insect pressure, it’s really these fabrics that are our insurance policy allowing us to produce say, brassicas, all year round. We otherwise couldn’t.\n- How important are events like the Farm2Plate Exchange and sharing knowledge with agrifood businesses looking to innovate? Is Farm2Plate Exchange an important opportunity for you to spread your message about your way of farming to broader markets?\nThe Farm2Plate Exchange is fantastic for people to meet other people across the sectors and create relationships and new opportunities there….you can see and hear the stories in the room… the takeaways from people. Agriculture is forever evolving and there’s been no time like now… This event has been really positive… a great opportunity for us, and others, to showcase our production, and what’s been working. It’s key for people and farmers to get off the farm and see other methods, meet other farmers and come back with a new perspective and also new appreciation of what we do back home.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "She talked about how European settlers brought honeybees over from Europe, the “career” of a honeybee (which changes jobs every couple of weeks), the other kinds of bees in North America, “Africanized bees,” some of her extension projects, and Dare to Bee Honey. And who knew how important bumblebees are to Delaware’s watermelon crop!\nListen to the interview\nDeborah Delaney, Entomology and Wildlife Ecology\nAbout our guest\nDeborah Delaney is an assistant professor in the Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology as well as queen bee of the Dare to Bee Honey program at UD. The students work their own hives in the UD apiary, and the honey harvested is sold exclusively at the UDairy Creamery.\nDelaney’s research interests at UD focus on the evolutionary biology of honey bees, pollination ecology, population genetics of honey bees in the U.S., and genetic characterization of unmanaged honey bee populations.\nShe received her doctorate in entomology from Washington State University in 2008 and is a member of the Delaware Beekeepers Association (DBA), Delaware’s apiculture cooperative extension program, the feral bee project, and the Department of Agriculture-Plant Industries.\n- UD’s Apiculture Program – A cooperative extension of the Department of Agriculture & Natural Resources\n- Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium – a task force of member from government, industry and academic looking to forward research in the field.\n- Delaware Beekeepers Association (DBA)\n- Save the Hives – An organization focused on spreading the beekeeping information through technology.\n- Dare to Bee Honey – A UD apiary that empowers students to care for their own hives.\n- Native Delaware: Busy bees – UD researcher offers the buzz on why bees, wasps are busy in autumn\n- Honey bee health – CANR’s Delaney has the buzz on UD’s new research apiary\n- Ag Day buzz – Ag Day visitors can do the ‘waggle dance’ at beehive exhibit\n- Native bumblebee – UD researcher launches pollination project\n- How insects survive the long, cold winter – A look at how insects fend off the cold", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dr. Ejaz Ahmad Waraich is working as Associate Professor in the area of Plant Stress Physiology, at the Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. As a professional teacher and research worker, he has been recognized with several distinctions/awards. He won the Research Productivity Award 2011, 2012 & 2013 from the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Endeavour Research Fellowship award-2011, Endeavour Executive award 2015 from Govt. of Australia, and Post-doc fellowship award 2008-09 from HEC, Pakistan. He has published more than 140 refereed journal papers and has presented work in several national and international conferences/symposia. He has supervised 39 M.Sc. (Hons.) Agriculture and three Ph.D. students as a major supervisor. Presently three Ph.D. and eight M.Sc. (Hons) students are working under his supervision. He has been working on different abiotic stresses (drought, heat stress, and salinity) with the following research interests: (1) Understanding physiological basis of yield and stress (drought and heat) tolerance in plants. (2) Identification of physiological and biochemical indicators of stress tolerance in crop plants. (3) Technologies development for productivity enhancement in field crops facing drought and heat stresses.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "white and conical snails are important introduced pests of cereals,\nlegumes, pastures and vineyards in southern Australia.\nThey can clog\nfarm machinery, contaminate harvests (grain can be rejected), feed\non seedlings and pasture and can be hosts for human diseases.\nare effective but expensive so CSIRO identified potential biocontrol\nagents in the native range of the snails (western Mediterranean).\nSeveral were imported into quarantine in Australia but most were\nunacceptable as they also attacked other species. Eventually they\nidentified one parasitic fly, Sarcophaga penicillata for\nthe snail, Cochlicella acuta.\nits release in 2000 and releases have been made on York Peninsula\nby the South Australian Research and Development Institute. Its\nfield performance is now being evaluated.\nby: Australian Wool Innovation, South Australian Research and\nDevelopment Institute, Grains Research and Development Corporation", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "THE MANUFACTURERS of a harvest weed seed control (HWSC) unit are scaling up after successful trials.\nNick Berry, research and development manager with South Australian-based Seed Terminator said the company was looking to produce 100 units ahead of the 2019-20 harvest.\nDr Berry said the production followed three years of testing, with 50 units used in 121 full paddock trials across a range of crop types last year in Western Australia, South Australia, NSW and Victoria.\n\"We aim for this to be a future proof technology platform, able to slot in the latest mill technology available in two, five or 10 years' time,\" he said.\n\"It's gone really well, we're seeing some super numbers in terms of weed kill.\"\nHe said ryegrass seed numbers had been reduced by between 96 and 100 per cent in trials.\n\"Ryegrass is the major problem weed for most growers, especially with growing herbicide resistance and a lack of in-crop options in cereal phases, so it is good to be able to get this sort of control, even when the ryegrass maturity differed from that of the crop.\"\nHe said there were also good results with other weed seeds.\n\"We are seeing other weeds become more problematic, such as wild radish and other broadleaf species and they can have small seeds which are difficult to pick up but the units are working well.\"\nThe units are retro-fitted to the harvester and belt driven off the tractor PTO.\nDr Berry said the Seed Terminator unit could be fitted to both new and used John Deere, Case IH, Massey Ferguson, Claas and New Holland headers.\n\"We have worked with the major five brands so far, which covers the vast majority of the market.\"\nIn terms of horse power requirements, in most operating conditions it will needabout 80-120 hp.\n\"Unfortunately there is a fundamental energy requirement that is needed to kill weed seeds that we cannot get away from,\" he said.\n\"If you are not using power you are not killing seeds.\"\n\"We were pleasantly surprised at the efficiency, we thought in tough conditions it could have been a little higher in terms of power used,\" Dr Berry said.\nThe system works utilising a multi-stage hammer mill.\nThe seeds, collected with the chaff component of the harvest trash, are pulverised in three stages, each stage grinding up the seeds further.\nDr Berry said the process was unique in that it was able to kill weed seeds over a range of rotational speeds, which is important when the machine is mechanically driven and can lose speed with changes in engine revs per minute.\nThe fine dust is then distributed evenly out the back of the header, separate to the straw.\nDr Berry said it had no impact on the following year's sowing program.\n\"Because it is so fine, it just breaks down, it may even act as a bit of a soil conditioner, adding extra organic matter.\"\nDr Berry said with the increased focus on non-chemical means of weed control, HWSC was set to become more prevalent.\n\"I'd say every grower had heard of HWSC and further down the track it's likely it will become industry standard.\n\"Running down the weed seed bank is the key in keeping weed numbers down long term, you can have effective chemistry but if you don't get rid of those seeds you will struggle to keep on top of the weed burden.\"\nThe Seed Terminator team are not just looking at Australia.\nDr Berry said a unit had been exported to Canada and had worked well there.\nHe said the North American market, while not as aware of HWSC as a concept, was a big growth opportunity.\n\"Due to the farming systems there, with the freeze over winter, there probably hasn't been the pressure on herbicides we have had here, but we've certainly seen it become something they look at.\n\"Harvesting in colder conditions means the crop is tougher and we were interested to see if that had any impact on how the unit worked but it passed with flying colours in field conditions.\"\nThis year, he said of the 100 units constructed, 80 would go to Aussie farmers, 10 for research and 10 for export", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This North MO row crop farm is as good as it gets! Property is located on the west end of Putnam County near Powersville, MO. The farm was leased in 2017 for $205/acre based on 98 acres of tillable ground. The farm consists of 39.4 acres of CRP that run until 2021. This farm lays extremely well for upland in Missouri. There are 2 small ponds on the property and there is access on the North and South sides of the farm by county gravel roads. The West boundary runs along Highway 139 North. Total income for 2017 was as follows: 98 acres row crop @ $170/acre-$16,660, 39.4 acres of CRP @ $92.28-$3,626, 160 acres hunting lease @ $15/acre-$2,400=$22,686.00 total income. Call Ced today at 660-626-8445 for more information and to schedule a showing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Premium 4 Leaf Clover is a unique mixture of Clover and Alfalfa making it an ideal food plot for summer and fall. This is a perennial mix performing for 3-5 years with proper management including mowing, fertilization, and weed control. Cut 2-3 times per year for optimal performance, weed control and nutritional value unless being kept under 10\" by grazing.\ntop of page\nbottom of page", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "During the past five years a wealth of information has been disseminated about quality deer management (QDM) and creating food plots that attract whitetails. While much of the ink has been educational, many articles omit the important ingredients that are required to turn a location into a prime-time hunting spot.\nAll food plots are not created equalÃÂnot by a long shot. Any successful food-plot program should provide good hunting opportunities, be set up in such a fashion as to prevent surrounding landowners from taking advantage of it and be capable of producing great nutrition for deer. This might not always be possible, but with a little forethought you can come close to creating the ideal scenario.\nOnce a hunter or landowner decides to invest in food plots, his first thought should be about where the plots will be located, with special emphasis on the ability to hunt them. In many ways, creating a food plot is like building a house, and laying out a food plot on a given piece of land is like the site-development stage of home building.\nWhere to Plant\nA visually pleasing location may not be the right place for a plot for many reasons, but two of the biggest caveats are lack of good soil type and proximity to bordering properties.\nThe best soils will always provide the best nutrition, so you should start by testing the soil of each potential food-plot site for its pH level. Such pH soil tests can be easily and inexpensively done through county cooperative extension agencies. In most cases no seed should be planted until the soil has a pH of 6.0 or better, with a pH of 7.0 (neutral) being the best. If soils are less than 6.0 they can be made suitable for planting through liming. The agency that performs the soil test can advise you on the amount of lime and fertilizer required for specific plantings.\nOnce the soil is suitable for planting, the design of the food plot is critical if you wish to hunt near it. Whitetail bucks will come to a food plot during daylight only if it has the kind of cover that makes them feel comfortable using it. For this reason, food plots should be narrow and less than two acres in size. They should also have thick natural growth nearby to provide cover and escape options.\nWhen determining a potential food-plot location, pay close attention to the way sunlight strikes the land. In most cases the best food-producing plots will face south to get more sunlight.\nIf your heart is set on a north-facing location, be aware that the plot will receive less sunlight, have cooler soils (which means plants will grow more slowly) and, in most cases, have soil of poorer quality.\nIt’s one thing to lay out a food plot in a great location. It’s another to be able to hunt it in such a way that you don’t spook the deer that use it. That’s why entrance and exit routes and overall stand-location sites are critical.\nA food plot stuck in the center of a mature forest usually fails due to lack of sunlight, poor drainage and poor soil. Instead, place the plot along a wood’s edge and then locate a large tree close to the plot’s edge where you can hang a stand. Be sure the prevailing wind and thermal drift are in your favor. Try not to have a setup that forces you to look into the sun.\nBecause most deer utilize food plots on the fringe of daylight, stands set up right next to plots tend to be better afternoon locations. It’s best to place morning stands 75 to 100 yards from the food plot along a well-used trail that leads to a bedding area. It’s important to have an entrance to the stand that will not spook deer that may be feeding on the food plot at dawn. This type of morning setup will allow for an ambush when the deer leave the plot and head to their daytime bedding area.\nIt is possible to dictate how whitetails enter the food plot by creeating what I call “structure travel corridors” between the bedding area and the food plot. Structure can be in the form of piled brush, diversion ditches or other obstructions that force deer into a predictable travel route. Enhancing routes to and from plots in this fashion can greatly improve the hunting opportunities of a given food plot.\nProtecting Your Plot\nWith more and more people becoming interested in quality deer management, much thought is going into food-plot layout as it relates to protecting younger bucks from being harvested by surrounding landowners who do not share the QDM philosophy. If quality deer management is one of your goals, it’s important that food plots be a minimum of 500 yards from bordering lands and close to prime bedding areas. When this rule is followed, bucks will not have to travel very far to get to the preferred food source and they’ll be at less risk of being harvested before their time.\nWhitetails will always seek out the best foods available. As a result, the hunter with the best food usually wins out come harvest time. Food-plot growers typically must compete with farmers, so it’s critical that the best agricultural practices (liming, seedbed preparation, fertilizer and seeds) be used in your food-plot preparation.\nWhat you plant will vary depending on where you live, as only a few forages will work universally in North America. Again, your local cooperative extension agent can advise you on what’s best for deer in your area.\nI use three types of forages on our farm in western New York state that will work in most regions of the country to attract whitetails. The seeds I use are any one of three annual winter forage grains (certified wheat, rye or triticale), Imperial Whitetail Clover and Biologic. My best results come when I plow, prepare the seedbed and plant between August 5 and 10.\nIf I want a clover food plot, I mix and plant annual grain and clover seed together. The annual grain seed comes up immediately, while it takes a little longer for the clover to come in. The grain seed provides a great fall attractant and by the next spring the clover has taken well, turning the plot into a lush carpet of food.\nThe last step with this kind of food plot is to mow the grain around the middle of June with a rotary mower or bush hog. This allows the clover to flourish. In most cases a clover food plot that is fertilized and cut each year will last three growing seasons.\nMy preparation for a Biologic food plot is the same as it is for clover, with the exception that I do not mix any annual grain seed with it. Within a month or so of planting, the Biologic will be lush, providing a highly nutritious food source. However, be forewarned: The Biologic is usually an annual, and if you wish to provide it for your deer each fall you’ll have to go through the planting process every year. For this reason, it’s tough to beat clover when it comes to combining nutrition, cost and longevity.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Updated: April 18, 2022\nPrivacy Issues and the Use of sUAS/Drones in Maryland (FS-998)\nAccording to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the lawful uses of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), or more commonly as drones, are currently limited to military, research, and recreational applications. Under the FAA’s view, commercial uses of drones are illegal unless approved by the Federal government. This will change in the future. Congress authorized the FAA to develop regulations for the use of drones by private parties in the U.S by September 30, 2015 (FAA Modernization Act of 2012). FAA missed this deadline, but expects comprehensive regulations for drones to be completed by June 2016 (Jansen, 2015). History shows that the law rarely keeps up with technology. Courts often struggle when applying existing laws and previous rulings to modern technology. State legislatures can help clearly define some of the rules to guide courts in how to handle new technology. Drones have the potential to benefit producers (through crop and livestock monitoring), but they present new challenges as other groups begin to use the technology. Authors: Paul Goeringer, Ashley Newhall, and John Moyle; Title: Privacy Issues and the Use of sUAS/Drones in Maryland (FS-998)\nUpdated: October 29, 2021\nHigh tunnel best management practices\nHigh tunnels (or hoop houses) extend the growing season for specialty crops. This article will help growers learn how to get the most out of their high tunnel by adopting best management practices for temperature management, soil and growing media monitoring, safety considerations, pest management, and crop selection.\nUpdated: September 14, 2021\nFarm Equipment Resources for Beginning Farmers\nEvery farm operation relies upon tools to help get the job done-some enterprises are able to remain competitive with a minimal investment in equipment, while others require substantial investment. Equipment, along with land, is typically a major cost driver for farm operations. It is, thus, important to critically evaluate the need for each piece of equipment before buying.\nUpdated: March 30, 2021\nHigh Tunnels and Season Extension\nHigh tunnels, also called hoop houses, are structures that can be assembled outdoors to contain plants and extend their growing season. High tunnels are an environmentally conscience way to get the most out of your gardens throughout the year.\nUpdated: January 29, 2021\nVegetable Equipment and Irrigation\nEver wandered around a farm show or equipment dealer admiring all of the new and fancy gadgets available to farmers today? So many choices, yet so little money! Small farmers must be especially careful of expensive machinery purchases as they buck the traditional “bigger is better” trend of large farmers with mega equipment, some pulling plows and harrow’s wider than your whole field. However, as a small farmer you will take the opposite approach, limiting large equipment options and focusing on specialized, value-added processes to garner more dollars from less land. Indeed, the cost of equipment today requires the successful small farmer to be both prudent and wise in equipment selection. What equipment is essential for the operation of the small farm? How can you avoid the common mistake of purchasing more equipment than the farm can support?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "\"No one is better informed than Lester Brown of the multi-faceted crisis facing our planet. And no one has spelt out so clearly how our civilisation could be saved from falling 'over the edge' while there is—hopefully—still just time.\" —John Rowley, founder/editor www.peopleandplanet.net on World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse\nChapter 1. Selling Our Future: Introduction\nFrom time to time I go back and read about earlier civilizations that declined and collapsed, trying to understand the reasons for their demise. More often than not shrinking food supplies were responsible. For the Sumerians, rising salt levels in the soil—the result of a flaw in their irrigation system—brought down wheat and barley yields and eventually the civilization itself. 1\nFor the Mayans, soil erosion exacerbated by a series of intense droughts apparently undermined their food supply and their civilization. For other early civilizations that collapsed, it was often soil erosion and the resulting shrinkage in harvests that led to their decline. 2\nDoes our civilization face a similar fate? Until recently it did not seem possible. I resisted the idea that food shortages could also bring down our early twenty-first century global civilization. But our continuing failure to reverse the environmental trends that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that if we continue with business as usual such a collapse is not only possible but likely.\nThe historic grain price climb in the last few years underlines the gravity of the situation. From mid-2006 to mid-2008, world prices of wheat, rice, corn, and soybeans roughly tripled, reaching historic highs. It was not until the global economic crisis beginning in 2008 that grain prices receded somewhat. But even then they were still well above the historical level. 3\nThe world has experienced several grain price surges over the last half-century, but none like this. These earlier trends were event-driven—a monsoon failure in India, a severe drought in the Soviet Union, or a crop-shrinking heat wave in the U.S. Midwest. The price surges were temporary, caused by weather-related events that were usually remedied by the next harvest. The record 2006–08 surge in grain prices is different. It is trend-driven. This means that working our way out of this tightening food situation depends on reversing the trends that are causing it, such as soil erosion, falling water tables, and rising carbon emissions.\nAs a result of persistently high food prices, hunger is spreading. One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to reduce hunger and malnutrition. In the mid-1990s, the number of people in this category had fallen to 825 million. But instead of continuing to decline, the number of hungry started to edge upward, reaching 915 million at the end of 2008. It then jumped to over 1 billion in 2009. With business as usual, I see a combination of the projected growth in population, the planned diversion of grain to produce fuel for cars, spreading shortages of irrigation water, and other trends combining to push the number of hungry people to 1.2 billion or more by 2015. 4\nRising food prices and the swelling ranks of the hungry are among the early signs of a tightening world food situation. At a time when progress is seen as almost inevitable, this recent reversal on the food front is a disturbing setback. More and more, food is looking like the weak link in our civilization, much as it was for the earlier ones whose archeological sites we now study.\n1. Sandra Postel, Pillar of Sand (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), pp. 13–21.\n2. Guy Gugliotta, “The Maya: Glory and Ruin,” National Geographic, August 2007; Jared Diamond, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (New York: Penguin Group, 2005); Postel, op. cit. note 1, pp. 13–21; Joseph Tainter, The Collapse of Complex Societies (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1998).\n3. U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), “Soaring Food Prices: Facts, Perspectives, Impacts, and Actions Required,” paper presented at the High-Level Conference on World Food Security: the Challenges of Climate Change and Bioenergy, Rome, 3–5 June 2008; historical wheat, corn, and soybean prices are Chicago Board of Trade futures data from TFC Commodity Charts, “Grain & Oilseed Commodities Futures,” at futures.tradingcharts.com/grains_oilseeds.html, viewed 16 January 2009; current wheat, corn, and soybean prices are Chicago Board of Trade futures data from CME Group, “Commodity Products,” various dates, at www.cmegroup.com; rice prices from Nathan Childs and Katherine Baldwin, Rice Outlook (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (ERS), 11 June 2009), p. 26.\n4. U.N. General Assembly, “United Nations Millennium Declaration,” resolution adopted by the General Assembly, 8 September 2000; FAO, “1.02 Billion People Hungry,” press release (Rome: 19 June 2009).\nCopyright © 2009 Earth Policy Institute", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Updated: 2013-02-01 (China Daily) - Efforts will be intensified to accelerate the country's agricultural modernization and enhance developmental vitality in the sector, a central policy document said.\nChina will set up a system to ensure the effective supply of important agricultural products, increase farmers' income and improve their livelihoods, as well as push forward reforms in rural areas, according to this year's No 1 document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Thursday.\nCentral authorities regularly release major policy documents at the beginning of each year to address government priorities.\nThis is the 10th consecutive year that the theme of the first document has been rural issues.\nChina is facing several challenges in agricultural development, including rising production costs and structural barriers between supply and demand of agricultural products, due to the country's fast industrialization and urbanization, the document said.\nThe preferential policy will support more professional investors, family farms and rural cooperatives to be engaged in farm production, it said.\nChina recorded grain output of more than 589 million metric tons in 2012. It was the ninth consecutive year of increased grain harvests, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.\nMeanwhile, the country imported 2.32 million tons of rice last year, a 310 percent year-on-year increase and the peak volume since 2000, according to the Ministry of Agriculture.\nImports of soybeans last year reached 58.4 million tons, according to the ministry.\nWith many farmers moving to cities and industrial sectors, an inadequate labor force is gradually becoming a major factor hindering the country's grain output, analysts said.\nThe document will help determine who will farm and grow grains for the country in the future, said Lu Bu, a researcher in agricultural resources and regional planning at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.\nThe country's agricultural output will be increased when more professional investors, family farms and rural cooperatives are involved in farm production, he said.\n\"Farmers will be interested in using more advanced technologies in agricultural production when they are farming on a larger scale,\" he said.\nIn 2012, the country had 680,000 rural cooperatives, a 30 percent year-on-year increase, according to the Ministry of Agriculture.\nThe document also said it will establish a strict access and a supervision system for industrial and commercial enterprises which rent farmers' land for agricultural production.\nGovernment authorities should make clear whether such enterprises are using land in rural areas for agricultural development so that farmland won't be seized for other uses, Chen Xiwen, director of the Office of the CPC Central Committee's Leading Group on Rural Work, said at a forum in January.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "High-quality compost can make the difference between a so-so result and stunning success when growing in soil. Compost is now widely available in hydroponic stores, but how is a grower supposed to know the difference between one brand of compost and the next?\nCompost is a bit like cheese. There are so many types of cheese in the world—from the kind that is made by skilled artisans following a traditional recipe just as generations of cheese makers have done before them, to the kind of mass-produced cheese-like product that comes in a spray can.\nThese products are vastly different, but we use just one word to describe the whole range of products we call cheese. The same can be said about compost—there is such a wide variety of feedstocks and processes involved in its production and the end product can have major differences in appearance, smell, nutrient values and biology, but we still use just one generic name for it. We can check the ingredients listed on the bag, but that doesn’t tell us anything about the composting process—all compost is not created equal!\nOn a personal quest to find the highest expression of the art of compost making, I came across the traditional recipe for biodynamic compost. It comes from Rudolf Steiner, a philosopher/scientist who originated biodynamic agriculture in the 1920s.\nAt the heart of biodynamics is a deep respect for fertile, productive soil and the crucial role of compost in sustaining it. Steiner had some remarkable insights about how plants grow—to enhance the uptake of nutrients he provided a recipe for compost that has stood the test of time and has been proven by scientific research.\nWhat’s so special about this recipe? Beginning with a simple base of organic dairy cow manure and straw, the biodynamic recipe requires six botanical ingredients, which are concentrated by specific alchemical processes during the course of a year before they are added to the pile.\nThe six biodynamic preparations are yarrow, chamomile, nettle, oak bark, dandelion and valerian. Each of these relates to one or more plant nutrients and it is thought that the preparations act as catalysts to influence biological availability and nutrient uptake by plants. For example, nettle is linked to potassium, calcium, sulfur and iron, while valerian assists in the utilization of phosphorus.\nHydroponics has proven that plants can be grown under artificial conditions—but the plants are often stressed, which is the underlying cause of disease. Today, however, there is an increasing number of growers making a shift away from synthetic nutrients who are appreciating the simple beauty of working with natural processes within the soil—and they’re recognizing the benefits of using high-quality compost.\nDisease prevention can be achieved with high-quality compost because the massive numbers of beneficial microbes (good guys) it contains outnumber the disease-causing organisms (bad guys) so problems like powdery mildew tend to be suppressed. Not eliminated entirely, perhaps—but held in check to a level where they’re no longer a big issue.\n‘Feed the soil and let the soil feed the plants.’ You’ve heard that before, but what does it mean when we say ‘feed the soil?’ What are we feeding it, exactly? Who’s hungry and what’s for dinner?\nThe answer is sweetly summed up in something called the soil food web diagram .\nThis is a glimpse into the web of life forms that dwell in the skin of the earth and it’s also a diagram of a wild feeding frenzy combined with an orgy, going on 24/7. Plants have evolved with this web of interactions—with processes like the symbiotic relationship between themselves and fungi and especially the nutrient cycling that goes on whenever a microbe is swallowed by a predator and pooped out back into the soil.\nGardeners of all levels of experience would be wise to explore this fascinating aspect of working with plants. “Start teaming with microbes, and get that biology into your soils and working for you”, say Jeff Lowenfels and Wayne Lewis in their popular book Teaming with Microbes: A Gardener’s Guide to the Soil Foodweb.\nAlways use the best-quality compost you can find. Make your first assessment with the compost testing tools you already possess—your eyes and nose. There are some obvious visual clues: there should be very few, if any, pieces of recognizable woody bits or other plant material, and you should look for the color of dark chocolate. About 70 percent cocoa content. As far as smell goes, anything other than a pleasant, earthy smell is a bad sign. Your nose is giving you an early warning that something went astray in the composting process and that that particular compost doesn’t belong in your garden.\nCompost is a fertilizer. It’s not standardized, so producers typically don’t list NPK on their bags. Growers still need to know what nutrients they’re getting in compost, though—and that’s where lab reports come in.\nAsk the manufacturer for a copy of the lab reports on their compost, both the nutrient analysis and the biological assay. In my opinion, any trustworthy company should be regularly producing these reports and they should be willing to share them with customers. If not, why not?\nCompost is a biological inoculant. Good compost should be chock-full of a wide variety of microbes, along with the naturally-occurring foods they prefer. The humic acid you find in compost is far more biologically available than the humic acid you might obtain from mined substances like Leonardite.\nCompost is also cost-effective. The organisms it contains provide priceless services. Bacteria store nutrients in their bodies—they are like tiny little packets of bioavailable fertilizer. This fertilizer then gets released back into the soil when the bacteria are consumed by predators like nematodes or protozoa. There’s really no need to entirely replace potting soil every year; simply rejuvenate it with high-quality compost. Ultimately the results will speak for themselves.\nCompost teas and extracts essentially give your soil and plants many of the benefits of whole compost but in a liquid form. They also have the added advantage of containing a very high biomass of organisms if they’re made correctly. It’s absolutely essential to begin with high-quality compost when making actively aerated teas and extracts, and you might consider using more than one type of compost for your brews as well. Diversity is king!\nWhen you go to the store for some cheese, you probably already know what type you want and how to recognize it. The same standards should apply when you’re buying compost—ask questions and know exactly what you’re buying. It’s up to you to know what’s going into your garden!\n “Effects of Biodynamic Preparations on Compost Development”, Carpenter-Boggs, Reganold, and Kennedy, in Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, volume 17, 2000.\nWritten by David Perkins", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“This is such an important and busy time for our growers,” said NCGA President Bart Schott, who farms near Kulm, North Dakota, U.S. “I know a lot of us are looking to make the most of what has been a very challenging year, and we’re proud to be on track to bring home what the USDA estimates to be the third-largest crop ever produced.”\nSchott noted some of the many challenges growers experienced, from floods to drought. While the Southern states have nearly finished their harvests, some of them — notably, Texas — were especially hard-hit this year. At the same time, Schott himself reports one of the best crops he has had in a long time. In North Dakota, 60% of the crops are rated good or excellent.\nNorth Dakota also is the one state the USDA reports has not begun to harvest to a recordable degree, but that is not unusual for this time of year. Three states are ahead of the average on their harvests: Kansas, at 42% harvested; Missouri, at 50% harvested; and North Carolina, at 82% harvested. Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania, three states that had late planting issues, are the most behind the average in their harvesting.\n“At harvest, some growers are seeing the effects of weather and climate on the growing season, while others are seeing the impact of having to plant later in the spring than usual,” Schott said. “While conditions vary throughout the country, resilience, dedication and hope are universal traits of the American corn farmer.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Landscaping requires a concept, shears, and land that won’t giggle while its shrubbery is being sculpted. Reshape restrained scenery with this Groupon.\nChoose from Three Options\n- C$39 for full-yard core aeration (a C$95 value)\n- C$49 for full-yard grub control (a C$145 value)\n- C$79 for full-yard core aeration and grub control (a C$240 value)\nExperienced landscapers stimulate thatch decomposition and leave lawns free of pests and bugs while lessening the chance of mould spots and lawn diseases.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Bio-Foundation promotes environmentally-friendly agriculture as well as ecological consumer patterns. This is to be achieved through initiatives of its own or by supporting existing institutions. The fundament of the foundation’s work is the conviction that the basis for all sustainable development is innovation and the independent, responsible actions of each individual involved.\nIn the last 25 years it was possible to realize numerous projects and to give innovative impetus to sustainable development in different sectors. The foundation was actively involved in development in the fields of organic farming, environmental awareness, the maintenance of biodiversity, social accountability and fair trade. A large part of the work is with small to middle-sized farms, especially with the smallholder farmers of developing countries.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rain wrap, cane crop update.\nEliza Rogers gives an update of the situation and speaks with deputy chair of Queensland Canegrowers Allan Dingle.\nSource: ABC Rural | Duration: 3min 37sec\nQueensland grazier claims he is $7,000 out of pocket due to GABSI funding ending.\nCanola crops should be bursting with yellow right now, but in many areas, the crop is anything but vibrant.\nFarmers faced with downward pricing pressure from supermarkets are finding new ways to protect profits.\nThe resources industry at odds over the 457 visa program as unemployment rises.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Not only does MEI offer full liquid plant automation, they also provide dry fertilizer controls. We have teamed up with the industry's leading dry fertilizer equipment providers to provide total automated dry fertilizer blending facilities across the nation. Thanks to the added automation, facility through-put can be dramatically increased. Not sure where to start? Check out some of our solutions and give us a call. We have an experienced team of technical sales reps and engineers to get you started today.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to Grow a Century Plant\nAgave Americana, also known as century plant, is a member of the family Agavaceae. These succulent plants thrive in the warmer regions of the U.S. where freezes are not a problem. Century plants are quite drought tolerant and easy to grow, which makes them perfect additions to a garden where the gardener wishes to xeriscape. Despite the tale that they bloom once every century, the century plant will produce its bloom in approximately ten years. Growing to a height of 12 feet or more, century plants make good specimen plants in rock gardens.\nGrow century plants outside, planted into the ground, in zones 8b, 9 and 10. Grow century plants in containers in cooler zones.\nSelect an area in your landscape large enough to house the century plant and where it will not interfere with structures or walkways. Century plants can grow taller than 12 feet and can have a width of 6 feet. Plant century plants in an area with little to no people traffic, due to their sharp spines.\nGrow century plants in areas that receive full sunlight. Tolerant to some shade, century plants will grow best in high light conditions.\nPlant century plants in soils that are sandy, sandy loam, rocky, or clay loam. Grow century plants in soil that will not retain moisture, as the plant will not tolerate flooded conditions. Amend heavy, non-draining soils with sand.\nPlant container grown century plants in a container that is several times larger than the plant. Make sure the container has drain holes. Use a well-draining, lightweight potting mix.\nDig a hole that is large enough to hold the plant's root ball, but no deeper than the plant was originally planted. Place the century plant into the hole and cover with soil.\nWater the century plant after planting. Continue watering once every one to two weeks.\nFertilize in the spring with an all-purpose, granular fertilizer such as a 10-10-10. Fertilize container-grown plants with a water-soluble fertilizer, every other month.\nPrune off the bottom leaves as they begin to turn brown and die. Use a pruning saw to remove the leaves. Wear gloves, because the spines are sharp and can cut your hands and arms.\nAgave Americana is native to Texas and Mexico.\nCentury plants bloom in June and July, with bloom spikes that can reach a height of 12 to 25 feet, or taller.\nPests are usually not a problem for century plants.\n- Agave americana is native to Texas and Mexico.\n- Century plants bloom in June and July, with bloom spikes that can reach a height of 12 to 25 feet, or taller.\n- Pests are usually not a problem for century plants.\n- Potting mix\n- Pruning saw", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wednesday, 8 June 2016\nLOOK WHAT THE RAIN HAS DONE TO MY GRAPE PLANT\nThanks to the rainy season, the grape plant in the herb garden is looking healthy. I love the rain.\n6/08/2016 12:32:00 am\nPost a Comment\nPost Comments (Atom)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "HOMEPAGE › PRODUCTS\nContains Bio-APP technology.\nUnique line of fully water soluble liquid formulations supplying all necessary nutritional components. Formulations are designed for specific stages of plant growth with targeted biostimulants and pgrs to maximize a plants metabolism and provide protection against drought, excess water and environmental stress. Stimulation of the SAR metabolic pathways allow the plants metabolism provide protection against extreme environmental conditions , along with protection from insects and microbes.\nProducts can be applied to soil, foliar or irrigation. Products can be added to existing fertilization, irrigation and foliar programs or used in conjunction with EZ-Gro Greece Customized Crop Programs.\nPGRs are naturally occurring substances that are capable of stimulating, enhancing, promoting, and increasing the growth and development of a crop’s production. Of course, there are also synthetic PGRs which simply “mimic” the natural ones.\nEz Gro Greece is proud to introduce in Greece the unique series of PGRS which, when mixed with basic NPK fertilizers and biostimulants, can target specific stages of plant growth to maximize their metabolism which results in healthier plants, higher yields in vegetables, fruits and also mass crops. The wide variety of formulations allows a farmer to look for the most suitable formulation for his crops by consulting the programs of Ez Gro Greece. They can be applied by mixing in the soil, in the irrigation system and also foliarly. In all cases it is recommended to utilize one of Ez Gro Greece’s Customized Crop fertilization Programs.\nEZ-Gro water soluble fertilizers contain Bio-APP technology (Biostimulant with Abiotic Plant Protection).\nPremium unique formulations for all stages of plant growth. These water soluble powders contain all necessary nutrients, micronutrients, biostimulants and pgrs. All in one fertilizers that eliminate the need for buying multiple components resulting in savings for the grower.\nProducts can be applied to soil, foliar or irrigation\nProducts can be added to existing fertilization, irrigation and foliar programs or used in conjunction with EZ-Gro Greece Customized Crop Programs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2011 - 2012\nThe Garden Club has\nmaintained a relationship with the Face-It Program at the Depke\nJuvenile Detention Center for the last seven years. We have an indoor\nprogram during the winter and an outside program during the remainder of\nthe year. We try to have a garden club member for every three boys.\nIndoor programing this year included the following activities: rooting activity with grocery store\nfruits and vegetables, coleus rooting experiment, terrarium build,\ntulip/dye experiment, stained glass vessel project to hold the tulip\nexperiment, topiary build,and suet feeder build.\nField Trips occur mostly during the winter time frame, and this year they included: Chicago Botanic Garden, mulching center,\nSyruping at Ryerson. In the spring, we have a trip to Didiers Nursery so\nthe boys can individually pick out their own plants to place in the\ngarden. This year we are looking forward to an excursion to a northern\nforest preserve in the area where most boys live.\nActivites are centered around planting and maintenance in their\ngardens. They have vegetable pots to tend, a butterfly, shade, and two\nsun gardens to maintain as well as the pond area and gathering\narea where previous boys have built picnic benches. The boys have\nbuilt toad houses and each made their own stepping stones. We are\nexpecting a truck load of mulch to be delivered and the boys will spread\nit in the walkways. Also, in September we are looking forward to\nhosting a garden walk for the LGC members and Depke employees.\n2010 - 2011\nThe following is a summary of what we worked on with the “Face-It Boys” for the 2010-2011 Garden Club year.\n- September: After a major construction project was completed, cleaned up all the gardens throughout the facility.\n- October: Planted tulip bulbs outside and amaryllis bulbs inside for winter display.\nPut the garden to rest for the winter, cleaned equipment, put hoses away.\nPlaced donated concrete patio stones around the shed and building doorways.\n- November: Made stained glass vessels\nConducted a science experiment with white tulips and dye, placed in their vessels.\n- January: Experimented with rooted beans, seeds from oranges, kiwis, apple, and planted what rooted later in the month.\nParticipated in the Depke Graduation program.\n- March: Made “Make Your Own Luck” ivy topiaries.\nMake Your Own Luck!\nOn March 7, 2011 Lincolnshire Garden Club members Jan Stefans, Ann Maine, and Linda Berryman worked with the young men in the Depke Juvenile Detention Center’s “Face It” program on an indoor gardening project.\nThe project called “Make You Own Luck,” involved the boys in making a small, ivy topiary in the shape of a lucky four leaf clover. After a quick discussion of the terms topiary, shamrock, and four leaf clovers, the boys made their own topiary to keep and maintain.\nThey first covered a piece of wire with green floral tape, then working with a partner, they twisted the wire around a four leaf clover form cut out of foam insulation.\nNext they partially filled a small terra cotta pot lined with a coffee filter with soil, and then they “planted” their wire four leaf clover into the pot. After planting the wire form they planted two small ivy plants, and started training the plants by wrapping them around the wire form. Then for the final touch they placed some sheet moss around the base.\nThe young men were given misting and watering instructions so they could keep growing and training their “Make Your Own Luck” topiaries. Everyone seemed to enjoy the project, and one young man even gave it a thumb’s up!\nAnnual Garden Walk at the Depke Correctional Center\nJune 16, 2011\nA brilliant, sunny June day emerged to provide us with the best possible conditions for our Annual Garden Walk. This year our walk was hosted by the FACE-IT boys we work with at the Depke Correctional Center. This is a project started 7 years ago and graciously funded by the Garden Club the entire time.\nAs Garden Club members arrived, one or more boys escorted them from garden to garden. They described their individual work in bringing the gardens into existence, pointing out flowers they knew, and proudly identifying their own \"personal\" plants (purchases of individual plants were made possible by the Club).\nThe boys were proud, and rightly so, of the four major gardens they had created, including flowers and a few vegetablres in pots (peppers and tomatoes). One of the gardens included a double pond with running water and it's own set of dragonflies, damselflies, and a visiting hummingbird. The tour also included big smiles as the boys described their construction work on picnic benches, recent mulching of the entire garden, and a new shed where they are able to keep their gardening supplies (the pond, shed and benches were a joint project with the Garden Club and Boy Scout Troop 78 Eagle Scout projects).\nAfter the tours, Robert Cesar, Director of Depke, thanked the group for our ongoing support and described the significant positive impact the program is having on the boys. Ann Maine then described the seven year history of the program, its many accomplishments, and how more than 70 boys have been touched by the Club's work.\nWe concluded by mingling with the boys and expressing our own individual admiration and support for their work.\nMaple Syrup . . . oh so sweet!\nA recent trip to Ryerson Woods had the Depke boys following one sweet trail.\nThis month our project with the Depke boys gave them a chance to get their hands dirty building their own terrariums.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Total loan: $4,050\nMatete, Kakamega County, Kenya / Agriculture\nMargaret's Group's loan finished fundraising,\nbut these similar borrowers just need a little more help to reach their goals!\nA loan helped to purchase hybrid seeds and fertilizer for the cultivation of maize, millet, and sorghum.\nMargaret's Group's story\nMargaret is a member of this group in Matete District. She is pictured here with a group of six One Acre Fund group leader farmers. The group leaders represent a total of 65 individual One Acre Fund farmers who are not pictured here. Margaret has been selected to act as the Kiva group representative and is standing on the right with her hand raised. She and the other farmers represented in this group are each receiving ¼ acre of maize and ¼ acre of sorghum or millet. Each farmer is receiving an average input loan of 5,349 shillings for maize, millet and sorghum cultivation. Margaret is married and has 5 children. She is 49 years old and is known as hardworking and trustworthy. She is active in her community in groups such as the savings group and the prayer group. Margaret has been a farmer for 15 years. Margaret described her harvest as good last year, but believes she can have an even better one this year by continuing to work with One Acre Fund. Margaret joined One Acre Fund in order to learn new farming methods, to get fertilizer and hybrid seeds, and to earn enough to feed her family. She also volunteered to be a group leader and Kiva representative because she likes being a leader and wants to spread the story about One Acre Fund farmers. Margaret plans to use the money that she earns from her next harvest to send her children to school and to save for the future. She notes that working with One Acre Fund has led to many benefits for One Acre Fund farmers. Margaret and her group need a loan to cover the initial costs of purchasing the seeds and fertilizer through One Acre Fund. One Acre Fund will repay the Kiva loan on behalf of the farmers through the profits from the farmers’ harvests. One Acre Fund pre-purchases the seeds and fertilizer when prices are low and passes the cost savings to the farmers. Throughout the planting and harvesting season, One Acre Fund also provides training and support to the farmers as they make payments back to One Acre Fund. With support from One Acre Fund and your loan, these farmers will have a chance at a successful harvest, increased profits and improved lives. The field officer is also included in the photo and is standing on the left of the photo.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Statistics from the Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADBC) as of Dec. 20, 2008 show that loans for purchases of cotton in Xinjiang Autonomous Region totaled 28 billion yuan (over $4.1 billion) to preserve profits for 1 million cotton producers in that region.\nNew cotton procurement in Xinjiang totaled 2.1 million metric tons. According to provincial agriculture department, 2008 sown area of cotton was 24.338 million mu (1.62 million hectares) and production was 2.8 million metric tons, down about 100,000 mt from 2007.\nBecause purchasing cotton is too risky, the Agricultural Bank of China (a commercial bank) and rural credit cooperatives have withdrawn from lending, leaving the state-run ADBC policy bank as the main source of funds. Given the lack of commercial bank funds, many privately-owned cotton enterprises have gone to the ADBC life line for loans. This financial support keeps farmers profitable.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Weed herbs bring a lot of trouble to farmers and truck farmers. But this leads in its vitality, it is extremely difficult to get rid of. It grows everywhere where cereal plants are sown. It is adjacent to spring wheat, barley, oats and other crops. The name of the weed is oats. Read more about this plant in the article.\nOatsug (another name - oats are empty) is an annual plant growing to 80-120 cm in height. Its stems are erect, bare, the root system is ragged, developed very well.\nThe leaves are flat, up to 30 cm long, on the stem are arranged linearly. The shape is straight or slightly twisted counter-clockwise. They have interesting ciliated edges, decorated with sparse and long hairs (cilia) in one row.\nInflorescence is a long (up to 30 cm) sprawling panicle. The oats plant has large spikelets with 2 or 3 flowers, blooms from the beginning of June to the end of August. One copy gives up to 500-600 seeds - spindle-shaped granules. 1000 fruits oatsug weighs 15-25 grams. They maintain their germination on average 3-4 years, and under favorable conditions up to 7-9 years.\nThe range of its distribution is extremely wide. Oatmeal, like many other weeds, perfectly adapts to unfavorable climatic conditions. He equally well tolerates heat and frosts, \"friends\" with insect pests that do not touch him, perfectly competes with other plants, both cultural and weed, most often winning in the battle for territory.\nCommon oats are found everywhere in Eurasia. For example, in Kazakhstan, the area of crops contaminated with empty oats is about 4-4.5 million hectares! Also growing in every corner of North America, is often found in North Africa. Today, oats grow deeper south, adapting to new conditions and conquering the southern hemisphere of the planet.\nWhich conditions are suitable for oats growth\nThe grains germinate already at a soil temperature of 3-4 ° C, but the most suitable temperature for germination is 15-18 ° C. The most viable shoots are obtained from grains, which are at a depth of 10-15 cm, but they can also grow from a depth of 20-25 cm, even 30-40 cm with sufficient moisture and clear warm weather.\nTheir vitality is preserved under any conditions up to three years, and under favorable conditions - even up to nine years.\nAccording to the folk calendar, mass shoots of wild oats will appear in a few days after the buds are blooming on the birches.\nOvsg ordinary - unpretentious plant. It gaily gleams, turns green and blooms even in the hottest summer. Does not die with prolonged drought. Clogging cultural crops, remains unscathed after the invasion of insect pests or epidemics. Refers to the category of hard-to-root plants. It is very difficult to defeat him.\nAn interesting fact about the survival of oats\nIf you take the fruit of wild oats, drip a couple of drops of water on it, then the granule miraculously \"comes alive\"! It begins to move - at first slowly, then faster and faster revolving around its axis. This mechanism allows the grains themselves to dig themselves into the soil at the required depth. It is enough for a small rain, so that the falling seeds of wild oats are \"alive\" and quickly plunged into the ground. Now the grains are quietly lying before the next spring to give new shoots.\nAnd yet with oats all the time struggling, because it clogs the cereal plants and brings a lot of damage to the crops:\n- Strongly withers the soil, leaving no moisture cultural grains. On the formation of 1 kg of fruit, oats take 700 liters of water, for comparison, wheat - up to 500 liters;\n- Very depletes the soil. For 100 kg of grain, the oats are empty using 50 kg of nitrogen, 10-15 kg of nitrogen, 30 kg of potassium. Wheat for 100 kg of grain requires nitrogen 30 kg, phosphorus 10 kg, potassium 20 kg;\n- Spreads the root rot;\n- Promotes reproduction of the Swedish fly, nematode, bunt;\n- Greatly reduces the yield of cash crops (for example, if wheat crops are clogged with oats, then its yield steadily drops by 10 kg per hectare);\n- Easily crossed with the cultivated oats, reducing its breeding qualities.\nMethods of struggle\nTo defeat the wild oats, herbicides are used. High efficiency was shown by \"Horizon 080 BC\" And \"The topic of Super 240 KE.\" It is recommended to use the herbicide \"Axial 045\" in barley crops.\nIf the oats are heavily clogged, use field fallowing, use the conditioning seed.\nOgorodniki is often used to combat this malicious weed by mowing its shoots, trying to destroy common wild oats until the maturation phase and the seeds are scattered to the ground. But this method is ineffective, because in this amazing plant the maturation of the seeds in the panicle is stretched in time. What does it mean? The panicle consists of three tiers, in each of which the seeds ripen in due time. At the bottom grains are still quite green, and from the top they are already crumbling. Full shedding takes a whole month! Another wonderful mechanism of survival, which Mother Nature has given to owls is common.\nBut that is not all. In each tier the panicles differ in appearance and biological characteristics, they have their own function:\n- In the lower tier there are large grains. They clog the grain;\n- In the middle tier fruits are slightly smaller. Their main task is to ensure the annual renewal of oat shoots of empty;\n- The smallest seeds are in the upper tier of panicle. They are the most insidious and viable. They lie in the soil till 7-9 years old, and when the farmer was completely overjoyed that wild oats have won in their field, they suddenly give sprouts.\nOvsyug in folk medicine\nThe chemical composition of this weed plant is still poorly understood, but folk healers found it to be used: to soften the seals in abscesses, to give birth, to raise the tone of the uterus musculature, to get rid of nicotine dependence, to fight oncology.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We have seeds at the ready, including a bunch of donated seeds, and are getting ready to build our greenhouse. We hope to grow several hundred plants to give away if the greenhouse works out well. Our community garden will be planted this Spring, starting with two donated acres! Hopefully we can encourage a lot of local families and organizations to plant their ground and grow lots of food to give away. So many people here in the US are hungry, and we hope to make a dent -- starting locally and moving out from there!\nWish us good luck, sunshine, and rain!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The city grows 98,000 tonnes of fruits in more than 17,120ha of orchards, with mango accounting for 2,710ha, star apple for 1,324ha and longan for 1,838ha, according to the municipal People’s Committee.\nDao Anh Dung, Vice Chairman of the municipal People’s Committee, said Can Tho would create optimal conditions for companies to collaborate with farmers to consume fruits domestically and export.\nIt would establish fruit cooperatives which would collaborate with companies, he said.\nThis year the city plans to export some longan, star apple and mango, he added.\nNguyen Dinh Tung, General Director of Vina T&T Import – Export Service Trading Co Ltd, said his HCM City-based company buys large volumes of fresh fruits from Can Tho for export, but from traders and not directly from farmers.\nFor companies to offer guaranteed outlets for farmers, the latter need to sign agreements, he said.\nLe Van Thiet, deputy head of the Plant Protection Department, said the country’s five major fruits – dragon fruit, longan, mango, litchi, and star apple – have been exported to several demanding markets such as the US, Chile, Japan and New Zealand.\nVietnam has exported 230 tonnes of star apple to the US since the first batch was shipped last December, he said, adding it plans to export its first batch of mango to the US next month.\nCan Tho has zoned areas such as Cat Hoa Loc mango-growing area in Co Do district and star apple-growing areas in Phong Dien and Binh Thuy districts. Phong Dien has more than 1,000ha under the fruit.\nPham Thi Minh Hieu, head of the Can Tho City Plant Cultivation and Protection Sub-department, said the city has tied up with a fruit export company to guarantee outlets for the two, and it is inspecting their orchards.\nThe sub-department would instruct members of the cooperative and club in farming techniques that meet export requirements, she said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Exports In 2021, Germany exported $4.83B in Harvesting Machinery, making it the 1st largest exporter of Harvesting Machinery in the world. At the same year, Harvesting Machinery was the 70th most exported product in Germany. The main destination of Harvesting Machinery exports from Germany are: France ($663M), United States ($533M), Russia ($255M), Poland ($246M), and Austria ($246M).\nThe fastest growing export markets for Harvesting Machinery of Germany between 2020 and 2021 were Australia ($93.7M), Poland ($92.6M), and Russia ($84.7M).\nImports In 2021, Germany imported $2.38B in Harvesting Machinery, becoming the 2nd largest importer of Harvesting Machinery in the world. At the same year, Harvesting Machinery was the 131st most imported product in Germany. Germany imports Harvesting Machinery primarily from: China ($373M), France ($281M), Czechia ($223M), Netherlands ($216M), and Italy ($203M).\nThe fastest growing import markets in Harvesting Machinery for Germany between 2020 and 2021 were China ($128M), France ($46.8M), and Czechia ($46.4M).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Join OSU Extension in Muskingum & Coshocton Counties for the 2020 Agronomy School. This school will focus on topics to increase corn profitability, improve grain crop nutrient management, and understand new trends in Ohio weather. Also learn more about the farm bill, commodity prices, and trade issues. Thank you to the Ohio Soybean Council for co-sponsoring this event.\nAaron Wilson, Atmospheric Scientist, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center\nBen Brown, Program Manager for Farm Management", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Choosing the right chainsaw sharpener depends on several factors. This is not a one-size-fits-all situation. These…\nDo you know the basic gardening tools you’ll need if you’re thinking of starting your own garden?\nWhether you’re a seasoned gardener or you’re gardening for the first time, there’s always more to learn.\nTake it from me, I’ve been growing gardens since I was six and several decades later, there’s still stuff I’m learning.\nWhen someone asks me what do I need to know to start a garden and grow my own food I always tell them to get familiar with the basic gardening tools first.\nSure, it doesn’t sound like much but when you make the decision to start you want to make sure you have your tools. There’s nothing more irritating than having to make a rushed trip to the hardware store every time you discover you’re missing a tool.\nThe world of gardening is extremely rewarding, but it can be challenging, too.\nEspecially if you don’t have the right tools. Here are 8 essential tools for every gardener to make it easier to grow and benefit from your garden.\nBasic Gardening Tools Start With A Hose And A Nozzle\nDepending on where you live, your garden may or may not be blessed with abundant rain.\nIf you live in a dry climate or experience a dry planting or growing season, water becomes precious.\nA quality hose with a sturdy and reliable nozzle is essential. The hose needs to withstand the weather and the nozzle must connect perfectly to prevent wasteful leaking.\nYou can get a high-quality, durable hose and nozzle for a reasonable price.\nTry a Flexzilla brand hose combined with a Melnor Real Trigger 7-Pattern Nozzle.\nThe durability of the indestructible hose and the gentle settings of the nozzle combine well to tend to an outdoor garden.\nSeating Pads Are Basic But Essential\nIf you’re a seasoned gardener, you know that gardening requires you to crouch, stoop, and sit – a lot!\nA seating pad makes this work feel a lot more comfortable.\nA good seating pad like the pads made by Navy Penguin help to protect your knees and let you work in the garden longer without feeling tired or achy.\nBasic Gardening Gloves\nWorking with your hands in the garden is therapeutic, but it can also be tough on your hands, skin, and fingernails.\nWhen you’re working in your garden, you’ll want to protect your hands with a good pair of gardening gloves.\nGarden Genie makes a great gardening glove that is waterproof and breathable with removable plastic claws for digging, planting, and raking. These gloves will pay for themselves in one season with how helpful they’ll be in the garden.\nBasic Gardening Tools Should Include A Rake\nWhen you’re ready to prep your soil for planting, you’ll need a garden rake. The Bully Tools 92309 Bow Rake with Fiberglass Handle is a durable option for preparing soil, and it can also be used to spread mulch in the garden.\nWhen you need to sweep your garden free of leaves and debris without damaging your plants, use a traditional leaf rake. A quality option is the Jardineer Lightweight Adjustable Leaf Rake.\nIt’s lightweight and has an adjustable head width to rake tight areas of the garden.\nMake Sure You Have Chicken Wire On Hand\nFor those gardeners who live in more rural areas, at some point, you’ll likely experience deer or rabbits eating your garden vegetables.\nChicken wire is an easy, inexpensive way to protect your plants from herbivores looking for a snack.\nAmagabeli makes a quality galvanized chicken wire that you can cut to the size you need and place around your herbs and vegetables.\nShears Are Part Of Basic Gardening Tools 101\nHeavy-duty gardening shears are a must-have for any gardener.\nGarden shears help you cut back branches and weeds, and help you safely prune rose bushes or other thorny plants. Consider the iGarden 3 Piece Combo Tool Set.\nThis set comes with a lopper, hedge shears, and pruning shears to prepare you for any gardening job that requires cutting or trimming.\nAdd A Soil Knife To Your Basic Gardening Tools List\nAt the beginning of planting season, the soil in your garden could be very hard or you might have to dig up old roots.\nTo start preparing your soil for planting, you’ll need to use a soil knife. Sensei Tools makes a highly-rated soil knife that cuts into hard soil and cuts through roots with ease.\nIt also has a non-slip handle for excellent grip and control in comparison to other garden knives.\nA Small Soil Shovel Will Be Your Best Friend\nA small soil shovel, or garden trowel, is a must-have for any gardener.\nA good soil shovel or trowel will be easy on your hands. They’ll be hard to bend out of shape during tasks like digging up plants or digging through harder soils. The Homes Garden Carbon Steel Bend-Proof Shovel is a high-quality soil shovel at a low price.\nThis shovel is bend-proof, made of sturdy carbon steel, and has an ergonomic design so it’s easy on the hands.\nWhen you’re just beginning to grow a garden, it can be intimidating.\nThese eight essential tools will give you all you need to make gardening easier and more importantly, a pleasure.\nFor experienced gardeners, upgrading your tools can save you a lot of work. For beginners, the list of basic gardening tools we’ve provided will get you off to a great start. Only consider upgrading to more expensive tools when you gain more experience.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to grow a cherry\nCherry loved by all gardeners for abundant harvests and a pleasant, slightly sour taste of the berries. Two or three decades ago, the most common varieties, occurring on private land, were \"Vladimir\" and cherries \"Lubsko\". Now, not only increased the number grades, but also forms. For example, now quite common to see a felt cherry - small trees (up to 1-1.5 m in height) with a lot of berries. Another new species - Cherry creeping.\nYou will need:\n- The soil; - Fertilizers; - Seedlings; - Water; - Shovel; - Watering.\nInstruction how to grow cherry\nPurchase seedlings. It is better not to do it on the market, but in a special nursery, which are responsible for compliance with the varietal planting material. When choosing varieties, be sure to ask whether they need cross-pollinators. Unfortunately, most in need of cherry trees bearing fruit and the pair will not be without. Another important aspect - the state of the seedlings. Carefully inspect for a discharge of the cortex, and other evidence of disease.\nPrepare a pit cherries. If you are planting a tall tree - for example, \"Zhukovskaya\" or \"Memory Yenikeyeva\" reaching three meters or more in height, - for their root system needed well in 1 cubic meter For less tall cherry - just 50-60 cubic meters. cm. Remove the top layer of fertile soil, put in strontium. Fill the hole bark of deciduous trees, small branches and other plant debris about two-thirds the height. Good tamp. The next layer may consist of sawdust or chips from remaining in the area of chores. Then put a layer of rotted manure.\nMake a hole in the landing a small hill. Place the tree so that the trunk fell on the top of the mound and the roots straighten on its slopes. Fill the fertile land, which at the time was postponed. Good tamp that the roots are not formed unwanted voids. Liberally pour using a splitter. Under each seedling should be poured at least a bucket of water.\nPour, loose and fertilize young cherries at least twice a month. The better will be your care of it, the higher the yield will cherry in the future. As a rule, the first berries can be expected next year. At the time of fruiting wood enters the third year after planting. If you are growing the cherries in an area where there are cold winters with little snow - sure to make frame shelter. Otherwise there is a risk that the tree is frozen.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The photoperiod is the period of daily illumination received by an organism. When manipulating photoperiods, there are two common divisions of time. The first is long-day photoperiod, with 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. The second is short-day photoperiod with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness.\nAccording to the research published in the National Library of Medicine in 2021, it is known that the regulation of circadian rhythm through photoperiod and light intensity has a significant impact on the behavior and physiology of dairy cows. This article will discuss the benefits of applying different photoperiods for different stages of the cow's life cycle, and the benefits of agricultural lighting for cows and farmers.\nDifferent Lighting for Different Stages of Cow\nLighting affects many aspects of a cow's production and life at different stages. The following are the benefits of applying different photoperiods for three stages of cows.\nl Lactating Cows\nCompared with cows exposed to natural light, applying long-day photoperiods for lactating cows can increase milk production by 10%-15%. On the other hand, lighting can also affect the dry matter intake of cows. Lactating cows under long-day photoperiods will consume 6% more dry matter than those under natural photoperiods. The increased dry matter intake can convert into milk, resulting in increased milk production of lactating cows.\nl Prepubertal Heifers\nThe industry has always aimed to get heifers into the milking herd as soon as possible. Studies have shown that long-day photoperiods can advance heifers' puberty, allowing them to develop their height and mammary glands rapidly. Thus, heifers exposed to long-day photoperiods will have increased milk production during the first lactation. Additionally, stimulating heifers with proper lighting can reduce stress, increase feed intake, and lead to stronger, more productive cows.\nl Dry Cows\nThe photoperiod is reversed in dry cows compared to lactating cows and heifers. Using short-day photoperiods during the dry period can increase cows' dry matter intake by 2.9 pounds per day. Dry cows will undergo extensive mammary gland remodeling during farrowing. Combined with eating a lot of dry matter, the dry cows that experience short-day photoperiods can increase milk production up to 6.8 pounds per day during lactation.\nThe Benefits of Agricultural Lighting for Cows and Farmers\nLight, as an environmental factor closely related to organisms in nature, also affects the physiological functions of cows. According to the U.S. Department of Energy’s 2016 Animal Responses to Light Meeting report, providing adjustable agricultural lighting can enhance the growth and development of dairy cows at different stages. Moreover, agricultural lighting has also been shown to reduce stress and improve disease resistance in dairy cows, improving their productivity and well-being.\nLighting not only benefits the cows but also benefits the farmer. Agricultural lighting lasts longer and can withstand the harsh conditions in cowsheds, helping farmers reduce maintenance costs and workload. Furthermore, compared with traditional lighting, agricultural lighting can imitate the natural environment of life. For farmers, this means agricultural lighting can help them reduce eye strain, make them easier to concentrate and create a safer and more secure work environment.\nHontech-Wins：IP67 iCOW T70 LED LIGHT\nAgricultural lighting has a positive impact on both livestock and the environment. However, Hontech-Wins took notice of this early on. With an understanding of LED technology and the needs of the LED lighting market, Hontech-Wins has successfully developed suitable LED lighting for poultry and livestock growth.\nAs an expert company with 13 years of experience producing LED lighting, Hontech-Wins is committed to product innovation and the development of lighting control systems. IP67 iCOW T70 LED light is a flicker-free LED lighting for cows with smooth dimming adjustment from 0-100%. Our LED lighting has a long service life and good brightness uniformity. At the same time, we also have the CE, ROHS, and ETL certifications, and have reached the high dust-proof and waterproof level of IP67 certification. This LED lighting is a provider of lighting solutions for poultry farms, pig farms, dairy sheds, and mushroom houses.\nContact us for more information about IP67 iCOW T70 LED light!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "To keep your lawn lovely all of the 12 months round you want the right gear. Right tools variety from a spade or shear and attain to lawnmower and sprinkle structures.\nLawn care gadget facilities are the first-rate region to look for accurate advice in what sort of device you want according to you lawn length and sort. All the equipment to be had have a excellent relation cost performance ratio and may lend you extra than a hand inside the lawn care work you are appearing. Fort Worth Sprinkler Repair\nMulching Lawnmowers At Lawn Care Center\nMulching lawnmower are friendly with lawns and their proprietors, maybe you watched they too complicated but are quite simple to handle.Enjoy the usage of a lawnmower to improve your garden and store simply masses of time.\nLawn Care Center Equipment:\nConsider different device like automatic irrigation device:These are very suitable for humans with huge garden or scarcity of time to hold their lawn regularly watered. Other important advantage is you may keep water, so precious to the planet in recent times, and sprinkle effectively your lawn on the proper hours,no person will neglect to water you lawn and no waste of water be executed. It is a simply clever answer on your watering hassle.\nIrrigation systems ought to be under constant surveillance and their maintenance wishes are excessive,sprinklers many time are unbalance and waste water being very harmful in your lawn or lawn. If you observed that a leak or broken piece might also blow off a fantastic amount of water, you note it can’t be repair later, it need to be restore as soon as feasible, lawn care system facilities promote the element required for replacement and may advice you about the fine of the product.\nLeaf Blowers and Vacuums\nLeaf blower can double the capability of snowblowers and sweepers, they can get your lawn put off after smooth up, fall or spring and let it freed from any waste, and they come in a spread of models and powers, but recollect the most important leaf blower are the nosiest and some human beings won’t feel very excellent around you while the noise, notice which you must determinate the makes use of of your blower: electric hand held gadgets are commonly small and really easy to handle, suitable for small regions, but dry leaves at big amount cannot manipulate with the aid of this device, large gas-powered blowers are appropriate for a numerous uses: doing away with snow, moist leaves and huge quantity of dry leaves.\nRemember that any device bought have to have assurance,ask in there are any service provided after the purchase and ensure this is no rate or it’s far, how plenty you have to pay,system generally got here out of manufacturing unit in properly condition but a failure may additionally seem, it’s far you proper to recognise if your cash may be refund, the system will trade for a new one or the repair will blanketed within the warranties, a lawn care system center will control the trouble with out a good deal difficulty and you will get the answers you look for from the commercial workforce.\nHow to Keep Properly Equipment And Tools\nTools and gadget ought to be right cleaned before and after the paintings, hold them free of rust or dust, sharp and keep your tools on a dry place they’re crucial to lawn caring and keep on top suit your landscape edges, and if you do not take the good enough degree they can not carry out the required work and damage the entire paintings.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BY GRACE LIMA\nFormer Kokopo town mayor and ward member for Bitavavar Diuvia Kopman has called on cocoa farmers in the province to work the land as it is the only way to bring about economic empowerment.\nSpeaking last week during the cocoa low cost training under the production partnership agriculture project (PPAP) Mr Kopman said the government of the day cannot deliver services to every door step therefore it was up to families to be creative and up-skilled to sustain their day-to-day living.\n“True our country and province are going through very difficult times in terms of finance and we people at the local level also experience the same. We cannot sit down and do nothing but to work the land, plant cocoa and coconut and tap into agriculture,” Mr Kopman said.\nHe acknowledged PPAP and its partners for choosing Bitavavar to run the training and urged his people to get the necessary skills and knowledge and put them into practice as it would help them in the long run.\n“It is a great opportunity for the people it sure motivates us not to give up but to pursue with the skills imparted to us. We need to have the determination inside of us to work and grow our money locally,” he said.\nMr Kopman also thanked the team from the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (AROB) for the innovative training citing that AROB is a clear example that after the crisis they found means and ways to earn their living and their feat is a challenge to those in Kokopo to do the same.\n“The problem now we have and see is a person need to change their priorities and mindset. With this small drive people need this kind of training and knowledge. I encourage people to attend such trainings as there are hard times ahead of us,” he said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Need Commercial Gardening and Mowing contractors in Mullengrove?\nWe offer commercial contract gardening and lawn mowing services in Mullengrove, catering to real estate agents and landlords, businesses, schools and universities, hospitals and more.\nWe even offer same day gardening services if our scheduled permits.Just call Commercial Gardening services on 131 546 or you can book a commercial lawn mowing job online for a time that suits or schedule a free, no obligation quote.\nGardening and Lawn Mowing prices can vary depending on the size, topography, layout, plantings and overall state of the garden currently, so it is usually best for us to view the garden first to provide an accurate estimate of costs.\nEnsure your business is professionally maintained & presented by Jim's contract gardening team. We can complete all aspects of gardening maintenance including regular mowing, pruning, edging, fertilising and mulching. We can also address one-off and seasonal gardening projects, such as turfing, irrigation solutions, landscaping, rubbish removal and gutter cleaning.\nJim's Commercial Mowing services in Mullengrove offer fully trained staff, who can advise you on all aspects of garden care, from plant selection, pruning, fertilization and mulching schedules, watering frequency, pest control, soil pH, plant feed, weeding and wetting agents best suited to each plant, tree and lawn type. It is important that trees, flowers and plants are not damaged when fertilized or mulched.Likewise, watering too frequently can deteriorate soil nutrients and change soil pH levels, reducing the lushness of plants and lawns.Our fully trained gardening team know this, and so much more, so don't leave your business's gardening care to just anyone.\nBe assured that all Jim's Commercial Mowing staff are required to have a current police check, are fully insured and fully trained. Plus, our work comes with a 100% money back guarantee.\nJim's Commercial Customers can be assured that all work is fully OH&S compliant, and work will be carried out to suit their need, including outside of normal business hours, if required.\nAlthough fertilisers are a vital part of producing healthy plants they can also cause substantial environmental destruction and should be used cautiously. Applying unnecessary amounts of fertilisers can result in the movement of nutrients into waterways triggering algal blooms and other environmental complications. There are 2 key ways of fertilising your garden: 1) You can […] … Read More\nGutters are vital roofing components; they direct water away from the house in order to effectively preserve the non-waterproof elements of the structure. However, a lot of homeowners are guilty of neglecting proper maintenance of their gutters. They allow dirt and other debris to build up in them and block the pathway of rainwater caught […] … Read More\nCooking with fresh herbs is the best and healthiest way to increase the taste of your meals, whether you toss some in a salad, roast them on meat and veggies or add them to sauces. While fresh herbs are often accessible at grocery stores all year round, growing your own herbs is a great way […] … Read More", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Blueberry Bush 'Chandler' [BLU007]\nSave: 10% off\nplants were healthy and strong when received. doing great in the flower bed and leaves are just stunning. had at least 100 gm of fruit in first year and it was juicy full of flavor and firm flesh. just need to make sure that the base of the plant does get good sun.\nDate Added: 28/09/2017 by mani malham", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are several problems related to GMOs that need to be addressed. The power of multinational corporations over food production needs to be reduced, and GMOs - like any new innovations - need to be regulated appropriately. However, completely banning all GMO production is not sensible since the benefits of being able to produce more healthy food more efficiently are overwhelmingly greater than the potential risks and problems of GMO production. GMOs help massively in combating famine, malnutrition and the overconsumption of resources in food production. There is vast scientific evidence that supports this conclusion coming from organisations such as the EU and the FAO. On issues as significant as global food production we need to build policies on a strong scientific basis, and therefore I oppose completely banning GMOs.\n|Motion:||Reinventing our agricultural policies.|\n|Proposer:||Iiris Suomela (Finnish Green youth)|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Jatropha berlandieri is in bloom, as they tend to be all summer long. This is one of those plants that we do not water at all over the winter. It dies back to the caudex. They will get about a foot across, and if you dig it up, the underground part of the caudex is usually not so round, not so perfect. They’re found along the Mexico/Texas border.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The ADHA, formerly known as the American Dwarf Hop Association, has changed its name.\nThe ADHA began as a collaboration between growers interested in the progressive development of hop growing practices in the US and breeding hop varieties adapted for those practices, specifically low trellis production.\nWhat started out as a venture into the development of dwarf hop varieties at first for low trellis production and later standard trellis cultivation has evolved into an effort to breed for durable good agronomy, disease resistance, unique aroma, and broad adaptation to different growing regions. While these aspirations are high, so are our standards. The ADHA continually invests in research into varietal development and hop production techniques. We are working to find solutions to the challenges presented to farmers by the global nature of our world in the 21st century.\nWhat we have learned through several generations of knowledge and experience growing hops is that quality comes not only from good genetics, but from thoughtful and intentional growing practices. We view the crop as part of an ecosystem that has to be cultivated as a whole and not just on the plant level. We don’t strive to tame nature, but rather learn from it to optimize the conditions that make our hops thrive.\nWe believe that being environmentally friendly and profitable are not mutually exclusive. The ADHA encourages sustainable growing practices while maintaining profitability for the grower. As hops are a food product, we expect our growers to adhere to certifiable standards to ensure the quality, traceability, and safety of the hops they produce for our beer drinking consumers.\nWHAT ABOUT LOW TRELLIS PRODUCTION?\nIs the ADHA completely moving away from its dwarf roots and low trellis production? The answer is no. We maintain a diverse archive of varieties and continue to breed for adaptability for a time in the future when low trellis production becomes an economically viable option again. By breeding for varieties that adapt well to both low and standard trellis systems we will be well prepared for any major shifts the industry may see in the future.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plant water balance protector\nReduces premature fruit drop\nReduces winter desiccation and frost damage\nNaturgard® is a natural product formulated with compounds derived from pine.\nIt acts by forming a fine, flexible transparent film on leaves and fruit, reducing the amount of water lost.\nThe product is biodegradable, 100% plant origin and approved for use in Organic Farming.\nIt can be used at any stage of the crop cycle.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Postharvest control of Botrytis gray mold in tomato by antagonists and biorational compounds\nAbstract: The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea causes severe rots on tomato fruit during storage and shelf life. Continuous use of synthetic fungicides has produced an increasing public concern regarding contamination of edible crops with toxic residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. These facts have led to a search for new alternative control measures in a more ecological way. This study evaluates efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Epicoccum nigrum), botanicals (Lippia alba and garlic extracts) and low-risk chemicals such as salicylic acid (SA), sodium bicarbonate (SB), potassium chloride (PC) and sodium phosphate dibasic (SP) against gray mold caused by B. cinerea on postharvest tomato fruits. The fruits were obtained in packinghouse, being washed and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite. Artificially wounded fruits were treated sequentially with each bio-agent and the pathogen. After 1 week of incubation in plastic trays, the soft rot lesion diameters were evaluated. Results obtained have demonstrated that the treatment with T. harzianum, E. nigrum, PC, SP and garlic extract reduced significantly the gray mold infections from 95 up to 99% compared to the control treated with B. cinerea alone. These findings indicate that these environmentally friendly agents have the potential to control postharvest gray mould on tomato fruits in an integrated pest management strategy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hemp is a tall plant, of a coarse aspect, cultivated in fields for its stalk. It grows five feet high, and is a robust plant; the stalk is thick and rigid; the leaves are numerous, they are large, and each composed of six or seven smaller; these are disposed in the manner of fingers, and are of a deep green colour, rough, narrow, and serrated at the edges. The flowers in hemp grow in some plants, and the seeds on others. The flowers are inconsiderable, and whitish; the seeds are large, roundish, grey, and have a white pulp within. The root is fibrous. The seeds are used in medicine; an emulsion made of them cures the jaundice.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fresh greenery all year round\nIn a SproutPearl you can grow fresh vegetables all year round.\nIt only takes 2 days to grow your own pea sprouts. Clover, Broccoli, Radish are ready to harvest in 6 days.\nThe plants grow from the nutrients in the seed, so they don’t need soil – that means a clean kitchen for you.How you grow...\nDelicious in all dishes\nYour fresh Sprouts and Microgreens are delicious in all dishes.\nTry them in a green salad, blend them in your smoothie, put them in a sandwich or sprinkle them on soup.\nYou will discover a new world of taste and satiety.SEE MORE\nThe SproutPearl is designed to grow 30 different varieties of sprouts and microgreens.\nYou can even put extra trays into the bead so you can harvest several different crispy sprouts every day.\nSustainability? It has been incorporated into the design, as the material is durable and can be recycled into new plastic products.Read more\nHOW TO DO IT\nIn your package you will find a step-by-step guide.\nIf you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.\nYOUR CHOICE MAKES A DIFFERENCE\nAll seeds are organic and guaranteed GMO free.\nGrown by EU approved farmers.\nFRESH SPROUTS is a Danish company with a focus on delivering Danish, environmentally friendly quality with good service.\nI am EU certified to supply you with organic seeds for growing sprouts, shoots and microgreens.\nFRESH SPROUTS started in 2010 because I wanted to make it possible for everyone to enjoy fresh, organic vegetables.\nI will pack your order in recycled cardboard boxes with clean paper insulation or bio-friendly corn granules.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NOTE: Cilantro may be referred to as Coriandrum sativum in this article, in fact, those are the same plants, Coriandrum sativum is the botanical name for Cilantro.\nIt is a great addition to any herb garden. It is a relatively easy plant to grow, and it has two cooking uses for the price of one. The plant’s thin, green stems and flat leaves are best eaten fresh.\nThe seeds of Coriander are used as a common cooking spice in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Asian cuisines. It can be planted in the early spring and also in the fall. Its first harvest of leaves can be seen within 30 days. The seeds will be ready for harvest three months after planting.\nWhy does my Coriandrum sativum roots have rot?\nIf left untreated, root rot on your Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) can be fatal. For this reason, if the symptoms appear, we highly advise that you adhere to our recommendations to keep your plant alive: Blackened and softened roots.\nWhy does my Cilantro have gray mold spots?\nGray mold spots are a type of fungus that is found a lot in flowers, and spreads quite rapidly. If you notice brown (or gray) spots, it is probably this fungus. Don’t ignore these symptoms, as they may end up killing your plant.\nThe solution is quite logical when you know the cause of the problem. Most of the time, it is due to overwater of the Coriandrum sativum. We advise you to remove the infected parts of the plant, cut off the infected roots and leaves, then repot your plant using sterile potting soil and a clean pot.\nWhy does my Cilantro have leaf spots?\nThis type of disease is one of the most frustrating for Cilantro owners, we give you all the leads to spot and save your plants that present symptoms such as leaves that suddenly change color, or wilt/droop.\nWhy are my Cilantro leaves turning yellow?\nThis is probably the most common problem in the gardening world, yellowing leaves. There are 2 main reasons for this phenomenon, overwatering, or a lack of nutrients.\nWhether you think your plants are getting too much water, cut back on how often you water them, and take the following measures to see if they might be nutritionally deficient:\nHere are some signs of yellowing caused by the many deficiencies on the Coriandrum sativum in question:\n- The first symptom of a magnesium deficiency is yellow patches between leaf veins on elder leaves. The leaf’s core turns yellow while the veins stay green. The edges of the leaf yellow last.\n- Another indicator of iron deficiency is yellowing between leaf veins, but young leaves on plant tops and branch tips are first affected.\n- The newest leaves are first affected by sulfur deficiency, rendering them completely yellow.\n- Leaf edges turning bright yellow but inside leaf remaining green are signs of potassium insufficiency. The symptoms first appear on older leaves, and the leaf edges quickly become dark.\n- A broad yellowing indicates a nitrogen deficiency. Yellowing starts with older, inner leaves. Yellowing spreads as it advances, eventually touching new leaves as well.\nYou only need to respond to the signs mentioned above. A gardening store expert will be able to provide you advice on how to purchase a specific soil to treat a potassium or nitrogen deficiency. Additionally, you can reduce how often you water your plants.\nIs my Cilantro sunburned?\nIt is simple to determine whether your Cilantro (your Coriandrum sativum) has sunburn. Your plant will change color in this instance, beginning to turn yellow or white, much like it does on us.\nThe leaves of your Cilantro can also change color in case it gets too much water or not enough light, as we saw above.\nHowever, there is a way to tell if it is sunburn; look at the bottom of the yellow leaves, the ones that have a shaded area closer to the root, if this area stays greener, it is probably sunburned, not something else.\nWhy are my Cilantro leaves turning brown?\nThe classic sign that a plant has been overexposed to direct sunlight and sunburned is the development of browning leaves. Rest assured that while this may probably save your plant from dying, it will adversely affect its growth.\nShould I leave my Coriandrum sativum in direct sunlight?\nNo! Don’t leave your Coriandrum sativum (or Cilantro) in the sun if it displays the symptoms mentioned above; that’s why it’s in such a bad situation.\nAs stated in the paragraph above, the cure is straightforward: simply position your plant’s Cilantro so that it is out of direct sunlight. With proper watering and this method, your plant should quickly come back to life.\nWhy are my Coriandrum sativum leaves drooping or wilting ?\nIn most cases, this happens when your Coriandrum sativum lacks water. This is especially the case for large plants, naturally they need more water than others.\nWhether your Coriandrum sativum plant’s pot appears light, the soil and roots are likely fairly dry and need water, so you can readily tell if it needs to be hydrated.\nIn order to ensure that the roots of your plant receive the water’s benefits, you must first moisten the soil in the container if it is absolutely dry. One common error is to immediately drown the Cilantro after a dry period in the belief that it requires a lot of water.\nThis is true, but the easiest way to end it is to give too much water at once. Instead, you should water the soil properly, returning to a peaceful watering rhythm.\nCaring Tips for Coriandrum sativum\nYour plant needs water to survive, but it’s crucial to balance the amount and timing of watering. As we previously mentioned, overwatering could be catastrophic for your Coriandrum sativum.\nTouching the soil will let you know whether your plant needs water or not; if it still feels damp, it’s generally best to wait a few more days.\nAlways keep temperatures stable\nMaintaining a consistent temperature for your Coriandrum sativum is also a good idea, especially if it is kept indoors. At GreenShack, we typically advise reserving a temperature between 65 and 85 degrees F. Of course, avoid positioning your Coriandrum sativum close to air conditioners, radiators, or other sources of hot or cold air.\nKeep your Cilantro Dust-Free\nThis one is about houseplants. Your indoor plants’ leaves get dusty just like your furniture does. The problem is that this might prevent photosynthesis from beginning, which would result in the plants gradually losing their color.\nThis would also make the pests happy, a real descent into hell for your Cilantro.\nTake a microfiber cloth and gently massage the plant’s leaves to get rid of the dust. Use a damp cloth to make dust removal easier, but avoid using corrosive materials like rubbing alcohol!\nKeep drainage in mind\nIf you tend to overwater, you need to pay attention to your drainage, and we advise choosing a saucer and a pot with drainage holes if they are not already there.\nIn the meantime, if you don’t have holes in your pots, you can add volcanic rocks (or any rocks with holes) at the bottom of your pot, this way it will create a channel so that the water doesn’t stay in your skin too much (to avoid that roots start to rot!)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For many, the recent cold snap has resulted in the loss of plants and shrubs. At the hospice we have been relatively lucky in terms of the damage caused by the cold weather; the snow actually insulated the plants that had started to grow so they were protected from the frost. We have lost a couple of yew trees in Bicton which bent and snapped under the weight of the snow and have lost a few of cotinus shrubs which should hopefully grow back next year.\nNow the snow has gone and the ground has thawed we can start preparing the flower beds and borders. Over in Apley we have top dressed and cultivated the boarders ready for planting.\nWe have been very busy in the greenhouse sewing a wide variety of fruit and vegetable seeds including leeks, cabbage, broccoli, sweet peas and lettuce. Following a request from the ladies that work hard in our kitchens over in Apley we have also planted lots of herbs which we hope to turn into a small herb garden. When the seedlings are strong enough we will be planting them out in our kitchen gardens in Shrewsbury and Telford. These gardens form part of a bigger plan to reduce the impact the hospice has on the environment by reducing our food miles. We have also been entered into the Britain in Bloom ‘Incredible Edibles’ community scheme so we are starting to plan ahead ready for judging later in the year.\nAs spring seems to have finally arrived there are a wide variety of bulbs flowering across both sites adding a splash of colour. The daffodils and tulips are in full bloom and we are starting to see more shoots appearing every day.\nAt our hospice in Shrewsbury we are currently undertaking a spot of building work to upgrade patient facilities on our Breidden ward. As a result we’ve had to move a number of shrubs and trees so the builders can get to where the work is being carried out.\nFor gardens as large as the ones at the hospice mowing can often seem like painting the Forth Bridge, once you’ve finished one end it’s time to start all over again. Now the weather has improved we have been able to start mowing the lawns in Apley but as the ground is much wetter in Bicton we’ll have to wait a little while longer.\nThis week’s handy hints and tips….\nDaffodils are beautiful this time of year but once they have finished flowering resist the temptation to remove the leaves and to tie them back. It is best to just dead head daffodils once they have finished flowering and leave the leaves as they help to provide food and sustenance for the bulbs that will become next year’s flowers.\nThis time of year is also a good time to start ventilating your greenhouse to allow fresh air to circulate so your plants can use the carbon dioxide to photosynthesize.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BioBizz Bio Grow Fertilizer Growth\nBiobizz Bio Leaf-Coat is a spray that protects plants from insects and mold. Leaf-Coat is made of natural rubber, so it is 100% organic. After about an hour after application, a thin layer forms around the leaves protecting everything. This natural rubber forms a protective, permeable, self-degrading layer on the leaf while allowing air and light to pass through. However, this thin layer is effective enough to protect the plant from pests and diseases. Leaf Coat does not need to be mixed in water, but is ready to use. Spray the leaves and flowers of the plant completely, repeat about twice a week. Leaf-Coat can be used up to two weeks before the end of the flowering period.\nAdvantages of the organic fertilizer\n- Is based on a 100% organic rubber formula\n- Provides effective plant protection\n- Recommended against pests & insects\n- Spray twice a week on leaves & flowers\nWhat are you waiting for? Order our pest control from Weedness now!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ICARO DNA (Trichocereus peruvianus)\nHi Folks, time for another posting here on the website! It´s time to take a closer look at the ICARO DNA Trichocereus peruvianus strains, which were around for at least 10 years.\nTheir strain is an extremely blue and spiny Peruvianus strain that comes from Matucana. Everyone who ever grew some of those wonderful plants from that area knows that they are THE epitome of a non-cuzco Peruvianus.\nThe shop owner Julio & his ICARO DNA shop have been around forever and just earned a reputation for their consistently great quality. Their seeds are fresh and very well cleaned. I sometimes stock their seeds and if you are looking for ICARO seeds just send me an email and I´ll hook you up!\nThe ICARO seeds were picked up by many shops and ended up being one of the more common strains around Australia. Those plants are not clones, but grown from Matucana seeds which are genetically diverse.\nHere are some pics for your viewing pleasure! The Photos were donated by Trichocereus.com.au, SAB member Getafix, Blowng,Naja Naja & Sebastian Preiss! If you want to buy Trichocereus peruvianus seeds from Matucana, you can get them here: http://trichocereus.net/product/buy-trichocereus-peruvianus-seeds-matucana-100s\nGet our cool Seed & Plant List and Newsletter\nSubscribe to our Trichocereus Seed & Plant List/ Newsletter and get interesting stuff, discounts and updates to your email inbox. The Newsletter rocks! Worldwide Seed Shipping and Plants/Cuttings shipping within the EU/Germany!\nCongratulations, you´ve been Trichocereusd!\nYou broke the internet!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1-2 Planting area distribution of cassava root\nin China, 2012\n2% when using fish meal as a protein source in addition to cassava root\nmeal and rice bran in the diet of F1 (Large White x Mong cai) pigs.\nIn the shadows of the cohune palms and the guanacaste trees, they dig up 40 to 50 pounds of cassava roots\nand pile them in baskets, which theyc arry on their heads back to the village, arriving just in time to avoid the sizzling heat of the mid-day tropics.\nis also increasingly popping up in crisp form.\nIleal digestibility of amino acids in growing pigs given cassava root\nmeal diets with inclusion of cassava leaves, leucaena leaves and groundnut foliage.\n42] reported higher levels of peak viscosity in cassava grits (tapioca) made from CMD cassava varieties obtained from South Western Nigeria, and starch from cassava roots\nEffect of stem pruning on cassava root\nyield and leaf growth.\nAt night, she slept in a hammock that she would hang up in the local school or health post, eating a diet of cassava root\n, beans and local grains.\nThe low crude protein value obtained here was in line with the fact that cassava root\nis a poor source of protein , as well as lipids.\nEffects of Supplementing Gamba Grass (Andropogon gayanus) with Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Hay and Cassava Root\nChips on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Growth in Goats.\ncontains high level of energy which has been used as energy sources in ruminant diets (Chanjula et al.\nEnriching nutritive value of cassava root\nby yeast fermentation.\nWith over 200 million MT of world cassava root\nproduction, cassava starch contributes less than 8 % of the world starch production compared to starches derived from most other plants.\nTapioca, a starch made from cassava root\n, is usually associated with school puds.\nYou'll also find some chicharron pieces with steamed or fried cassava root", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The fungus has been reported to be carried in seed-pieces or soils which are the source of primary infection. Initial symptoms of the disease appear as light yellowing of leaf tips which gradually spread down to the leaf blade and leaf sheath along the margin. Ginger can be grown both under rain fed and irrigated conditions. In the advanced stage, severe yellowing and wilting symptoms occurs. The bacteria are spread through soil, water, infected or contaminated rhizomes. Season: The collar region of the pseudo-stem shows pale translucent brown colour which becomes water soaked, due to destruction of parenchymatus tissues. Basal: FYM 25-30 t + 30 tonnes green leaves as mulch in three splits : 15 tonnes-immediately after planting, 7.5 tonnes – 60 days and 120 days after planting, 50: 25 kg of P and K per ha. After sowing, till the plants grow, ginger is susceptible to different diseases and infections. Ginger and turmeric being vegetatively propagated have high risk for transmission of several diseases which could be lethal and debilitating. (2) The numbers following EC e × 10³ are the electrical conductivity values of the saturation extracts in millimhos per cm at 25°C associated with a 50 % decrease in yield. Initially, lesions are small, ellipsoid or ovoid, and greenish-gray and usually develop near the water line in lowland fields. april 28th, 2018 - chilli plant diseases are less common but often far more dangerous to plants than other problems detailed on the site''TNAU Agritech Portal Crop Protection April 26th, 2018 - Avoid monoculture of chilli crop Selection of healthy and disease free seed Suitable insecticidal sprays reduce the incidence of … Water soaked appearance found at the base of pseudostem and rotting takes place at the basal portion. Leaf roller can be controlled by spraying Carbaryl 50 WP 2 g/ha or Quinalphos 25 EC 2 ml/lit. The lesions are usually observed on the leaf sheaths although leaf blades may also be affected. Causative Agent The pathogen prefers warm wet weather and outbreaks typically occur in the early summer months most symptoms of the pathogen do not occur until late summer. Insects like Trichogramma brasiliensis, T. chelonis and Chrysoperla carnea can also be … Controlling rhizome rot in ginger Rhizome rot, also called soft rot, is one of the most devastating diseases of ginger. Disease, occurs during south west monsoon. Younger sprouts are the most susceptible to the pathogen. The first conspicuous symptom is mild drooping and curling of leaf margins of the lower leaves which spread upwards. Heart Diseases. In the field, drench the beds with 2.5 g/lit of Copper oxychloride or 1% Bordeaux mixture or Metalaxyl - mancozeb 4 g/lit. Shoot borer can be controlled by spraying Dimethoate 30 EC 2 ml/lit or Phosphamidon 86 WSC 1 ml/lit. Ginger helps in reducing muscle pains and soreness. In this context, the TNAU under the dynamic leadership of the Vice Chancellor, Director of Research and other technical directors, the ... technology capsule for pests and diseases management, labour saving farm machineries and post-harvest management practices. Rhizome bold, highly flavoured, highly fibrous, Slender rhizome, lemon flavoured and less fibrous, Rhizome slender, pungent, flavoured and fibrous, U.p, Rio-de-genero, Thingpuri, Karakkal/ Suprabha/ Anamika, SG-646, (Kerala), SG-666 (Himachal Paradesh). Fence . It is valued in medicine as a carminative and stimulant of the gastro-intestinal tract. The yellowing spreads to all leaves of the plant from the lower region upwards and is followed by drooping, withering and drying of pseudo Stems. Nematode infestation aggravates rhizome rot disease. Ultimately rhizomes get rotted. In parallel, it reduce cholesterol and strengthen the functioning of the heart. If you grow greens or planning to grow them, here are the common diseases of leaf vegetables, their causes, prevention, control, and treatment. For insect-borne diseases or insect pests, growing your carrots under Reemay or Agribon row cover will prevent insects from laying eggs or chomping down your carrots. Ginger plants up to the age of 6 to 7 months are susceptible to the disease and 2-week-old leaves are most susceptible. It is the most destructive disease in ginger farming in India affecting the ginger crop. Ginger, an indigenous plant, is an important spice crop of the world. Observations on the etiology of rhizome rot of ginger are presented for Fiji and Australia. Onion plant diseases arise during warm, moist weather and most have similar symptoms, which include spots and lesions on leaves and bulbs, areas that look as though they are water-soaked, browning foliage and toppling. theicola. Many of the diseases, pathogens and pests that affect the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) may affect other members of the plant genus Camellia. The pathogen is known to prefer warm wet weather, coupled with high soil moisture. May - June is highly suitable for cultivation. For successful cultivation of the crop, a moderate rain fall at sowing time till the rhizomes sprout, fairly heavy and well distributed showers during the growing period and dry weather for about a month before harvesting are necessary. High rainfall and poor drained soil favour in development of disease. Diseases Soft rot (Pythium sp.) They wiped out rhizomes on almost 5000 hectares [about 12 360 acres] in Karnataka and 2500 hectares [about 6180 acres] in Kerala, [the] South Indian Ginger Growers' Association [said]. P ESTS AND DISEASES OF HOT PEPPER. May - June is highly suitable for cultivation. When the base of the shoot turns from bright white to bright pink, hill the crop about 4\\\". TNAU Agritech Portal Crop Protection. From infection to total collapse is gradual. This should occur roughly every … Amaranth, bush cowpea, bush dolichos bean. Pests High rainfall and poor drained soil favour in development of disease. Tomatoes are one of the most cultivated crops, Tomato crops can be easily grown under proper conditions and regular maintenance.Tomato crops can host of production problems and pathogens when conditions and maintenance are not ideal. At a later stage root infection is also noticed. (c) Spices Perennial chilli, ginger, turmeric, mango ginger . Seed treatment: Ginger is a spicy, fragrant herb that is utilized in many culinary dishes. The diseased leaves present in the debris of an infected field serve as a primary inoculum in the next season. If your tree seems to be ailing or your fruit doesn’t look right, read on. Initial symptoms of the disease appear as light yellowing of leaf tips which gradually spread down to the leaf bla Waterlogging in the field due to poor drainage increases the intensity of the disease. Facebook Twitter Pinterest Linkedin Tumblr Reddit Stumbleupon Whatsapp Telegram LINE Email. In Fiji, the disease generally develops during hot, wet conditions in March and April, and often causes losses of more than 50% in seed crops. The bacteria enter the plant through wounds made in the roots during transplanting, through agricultural equipmentâs, nematodes and insects. Adoption of Integrated Pest (Disease) Management against the diseases encountered in vegetable crops is of paramount importance as most of the vegetable crops are not harvested at the end of the crop season but it is spread over a long duration by way of several pickings, as in case of tomato, okra, cucurbits, pea, beans, etc. Leaf roller Provide adequate drainage facilities. Maran, Nadia, Narasapattinam,Subrabha, suruchi, Wyanad local, Ernad chernad, wyanad, china, SG-876, SG – 882, SG 705, SG – 700, Himgiri, IISR Varadha, IISR Rejatha, IISR Mahima, China , Taffingiva, Bhaise, China,Acc.Nos.117, 35, 15, 27, Tura Local (29%), Tura –(28%), Thodupuzha (22%),Kurupppampadi (23), Nadia (22%). Rhizome rot, also called soft rot, is one of the most devastating diseases of ginger. al., 1954). Leafspot, Stem and bulb nematode, fusarium yellows, spiral nematode, Root-knot nematode, Rhizome rot, Bacterial wilt, Root rot, Burrowing nematode, Stunt nematode, Dagger nematode. Rubber - Hevea brasiliensis the important plantation crops in srilanka. It is often used fresh in stir-fry and curry dishes and dried in gingerbread and other baked goods. Yellowing starts from the lowermost leaves and gradually progresses to the upper leaves. IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Treat the seed rhizomes with Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 3 g/lit or 200 ppmStreptocycline for 30 minutes. 1500 - 1800 kg of rhizome/ha is required. © 2006â2019 CâDAC.All content appearing on the vikaspedia portal is through collaborative effort of vikaspedia and its partners.We encourage you to use and share the content in a respectful and fair manner. As well as pest attack also harmful to rubber plant. 2) Sprouted rhizomes are broken into pieces keeping 2-3 sprouted eye buds on each rhizome. Infected plants produce shriveled tubers and brown ground tissue. The yellowing spreads to all the leaves of plant from bottom upwards and is followed by drooping, withering and drying.\nCoconut Collaborative Yogurt Pouch, Alpha Nuggets Review, Arisaka Type 99 Toyo Kogyo, Olive Garden Pasta Primavera Recipe, Braille Battery B2015, Fgo Tv Tropes Archer, What Happened To Diggers Tv Show, Kenwood Electric Spiralizer, Metal Fence Posts Wickes,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you've been to one of Oregon's farmers' markets in the last few weeks, you probably noticed the stark contrast in what's available compared to the same time last year.\nIn 2016, Oregon had a surprisingly warm spring that kick-started plant growth, bringing things like asparagus and strawberries to market as much as a month ahead of schedule. This year, it's a different story. After an incredibly wet and chilly winter and spring, muddy fields and cold soil temperatures have kept many farmers from getting some crops planted.\n\"It's just whammy, whammy, whammy all around,\" says Vicki Hertel from Sun Gold Farm in Forest Grove. \"We've had the wind and the freeze and the rain, so it's been a whole lot of things this year.\n\"Right now, the flooding has finally subsided. I've lived on this farm all my life, and I've never seen flooding this late. It's still colder at night, and things don't grow well when it's in the 40s at night.\"\nBecause her fields have been muddy, Hertel says they didn't get things in the ground on their normal schedule.\n\"We actually planted our spring crops and our summer crops on the same day, and they're normally a month and a half apart,\" she says.\nThat's also been the case at DeNoble Farms in Tillamook, according to Patreece DeNoble.\n\"This has definitely been a challenging spring for all farmers,\" DeNoble says. \"This week is sunny and dry though, which means we can finally get some work done in the fields.\"\nKelly Merrick, communications manager for Portland Farmers Market, says spring's cold weather has been a hot topic.\n\"There's been so much talk about the weather this year because it's been so cold and wet, but there's great optimism,\" she says.\nLast weekend's warmer weather should help kick-start growth, even if things cool down again, Merrick says. She's hearing from farmers that strawberries and asparagus might be a little later than normal, but that the crop should be good.\n\"They're still very optimistic about the season,\" she says. \"These are just the things that happen when you farm. One year it's going to be warmer than normal, and the next it might be cooler.\"\nHertel says that the last three years have been particularly weird, weather wise. The summer of 2015 brought record-setting high temperatures that shifted the growing seasons forward for a number of Oregon crops. Last year's warm spring did the same. So this year's cooler weather has put consumers in a tailspin.\n\"I think we've just forgotten what normal was,\" she says. \"People at the market are asking where all the produce is, but they don't realize that it's the weather, not the farmers.\"\nHertel says that snow in January and February winter killed some of her winter crops, and that they couldn't get them replanted because of the mud. That's part of the reason she hasn't had as much to bring to farmers' markets.\n\"The money is coming in slower,\" she says. \"Hopefully it will kick in and we'll have a good summer and fall. Farmers are nothing but hope.\"\n-- Grant Butler", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "🍀 Now with this premium series in hand its much easy to apply manure to your plants. Its so simple and easy to use that even a kid can apply. If you want to grow healthy plant without messing up your place must use this. With our busy routing we often neglect plants regular maintenance. With this premium series in hand you can now easily keep your favorite plant healthy.\n🍀 NicksGardenss® Premium Organic Manure For House Plants. contains NPK. micro macro and other essential nutrients. It promotes Healthy growth, better FLOWER and quality with Great results.\n🍀 NO NEED OF EXPERIMENTING WITH RANDOM FERTILIZERS. BECAUSE it will improve over-all heath of your plants\n🍀NicksGardenss Premium Organic Manure For House Plants. Specially designed for House Plants. Its Organic and very easy to use just few seconds once at few days intervals.\n🍀 /less need of re-potting/resetting the soil for your container garden and potted plants.Because This will improve the soil quality\n🍀 This will ensure\n⚫ More Flowers\n⚫More Intense Flower Color\n⚫ Resistance to diseases.\nGet it Now for your favorite plants.\n🍀 Very easy and hassle free to apply it takes only few seconds at regular intervals. Apply following the instructions manual.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Activated carbon from Moringa husks and pods\nconference contributionposted on 12.02.2018, 15:08 authored by G. McConnachie, A.M. Warhurst, Simon J. Pollard, Victor Chipofya\nMoringa oleifera is the most widespread species of the plant family Moringaceae. It is a rapidly growing tree native to the sub-Himalayan regions of north-west India and indigenous to many parts of Africa, South America and Asia, typically reaching a height of 3-4 metres, flowering and fruiting in one year from a 0.3 metre seedling even in poor quality soil (Sutherland, Folkard et al., 1994). It is known by different names around the world (Jahn, 1986), for example in India “Drumstick” or “Horseradish” tree. The tree produces large seed pods which can either be harvested when green for food or left to dry. The dried seeds can be crushed to produce a high quality vegetable oil and the resulting press-cake mixed with water and strained to form a coagulant for water treatment (McConnachie, Mtawali et al., 1994). The residue containing seed husks is currently discarded as waste. The research presented here has been carried out at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Malawi and demonstrates that a simple steam pyrolysis procedure can form high quality microporous activated carbons from both the waste husks of Moringa oleifera and the pods. The work is part of an overall assessment of the viability of the establishment of Moringa oleifera plantations in tropical areas for the benefit of rural communities and is being carried out in collaboration with the Engineering Department, The University of Leicester, U.K.\nThe financial support of the U.K. Overseas Development Administration is acknowledged.\n- Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering\n- Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hand Carry Automatic Sprayers:\n- For gardening, flowers, vector & pest control, environment disinfection, pesticide spray, hormone spray..etc.\n- SUS304 Stainless steel tank with brass spray valve and lance will provide years of reliable service.\n- Padlock device: making you spray continuously without press.\n- Sensitive trigger: easy shut-off and continuous spraying.\n- Adjustable nozzle: spraying from fine to jet.\n- Brass air valve: pull the valve to release the pressure after your spray. (Additional pressure gauge available.)\n- All-vinyl hose resists wear and corrosion.\n- Shoulder strap included in each model.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fewer farmers growing sugarcane because of payment hassles!\nThe sugarcane acreage has decreased from 78,609 hectares in 2017-18 to 64,354 hectares in 2020-21, government’s data shows.\nReads a report in the Kathmandu Post\nFed up with the lower price fetched by their produce, the hassle in payments, and the Government’s apathy, more than half of the sugarcane growers have unsurprisingly switched to cultivating other crops.\nAccording to the Federation of Sugarcane Producers Association, Sugarcane would be cultivated in around 18,000 bighas 20 years back but now, it has been reduced to 6,500 bighas of land and output has declined by 50%.\nAs a result, sugar mills which have the capacity to crush 100,000 tons of sugarcane a day have hardly been crushing 10,000 tons per day.\nOut of the 10 operating sugar mills in the country, 4 sugar mills have remained closed since last year and the rest have hardly been operating at 10 percent of their actual production capacity.\nAccording to industry experts, if the current situation continues the sugarcane industry, which is the largest commercial crash crop contributing 2.1% to the Agricultural GDP of Nepal (MoALD) and is the mainstay of more than 0.1 million of active sugarcane farmers (MoALD), will undoubtedly collapse in three to four years.\nAnd where does it lead us to?\nYes, we will be forced to become dependent on imports for sugar.\nWe have an annual demand of approximately 250 thousand metric tonnes.\nThat means our import bill surging by another Rs. 12 billion to Rs. 25 billion per year depending on price fluctuations.\nHow do we revive our sugar industry?\nIncentivize our farmers to increase sugarcane farming? But what for when the Government turns a deaf ear when farmers complain about delayed payments.\nSo bad is the condition that the Government cannot even decide on the minimum support price on time.\nThe sugarcane harvest season starts in mid-November while the Government announced the minimum support price in mid-January forcing the farmers to sell either at last years’ price or lower than that.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What you need to know:\n- Most farmers in Trans Nzoia, one of the country’s main maize-growing zones, have turned to Uganda and South Sudan.\n- Maize flour prices have gone up in most retail shops in the North Rift, with a 2kg packet going for Sh100.\nFarmers in the North Rift have now export their maize to South Sudan, Uganda and Rwanda for better prices due to rising demand.\nWhile the National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) pays Sh2,400 per a 90kg bag, farmers in the region, the country’s food basket, are getting as much as Sh2,900 across the border.\nThis has stoked food insecurity fears as millions of Kenyans are already starving because of a ravaging drought in some parts of the country.\nThe NCPB is faced with challenges buying maize from farmers after most of them opted to sell to private millers and traders who offer better prices and pay upfront.\nConsequently, the board might not achieve its target of buying three million bags of maize as part of the emergency stock.\nAccording to the regional maize production estimates report, the prices are expected to remain high because of a deficit in production due to erratic weather, high inflation and conflict-related trade disruptions in Ethiopia and South Sudan that will push the cost of the staple beyond the reach of most households.\n“Opening of closed border between Uganda and Rwanda will increase inflows of maize from Uganda into Rwanda, moderating price increase in Rwanda, but increasing prices in Uganda due to expansion of regional demand to Rwanda from Kenya and South Sudan,” stated the Famine and Early Warning System Network report for September 2021.\nAccording to Food and Agriculture Organisation, severe drought conditions affected crop production in several eastern and northern districts of Uganda, resulting in reduced harvest.\n“The poor seasonal rains resulted in the wilting of sorghum and maize crops and had a negative impact on vegetation and yields,” said the report.\nThe Grain Belt Millers Association, which brings together more than 35 small-scale millers, yesterday warned of further increase in maize prices as more farmers and traders eye export market driven by attractive prices for the commodity.\n“Our members are unable to source adequate supplies of maize. Prices are now ranging between Sh2,400 and Sh2,600 for a 90kg bag and are expected to continue rising. Millers have stocks that are not being replenished at the rate that they are being used,” said Kipngetich Mutai, the association’s chairman.\nMost farmers in Trans Nzoia, one of the country’s main maize-growing zones, have, therefore, turned to Uganda and South Sudan, where a 90kg bag is fetching Sh2,900.\n“Unlike the last season when there was an influx of maize from Uganda, there is high demand for the grains in parts of Uganda and South Sudan that has resulted in the export of the staple,” said David Maina, a trader in Eldoret town.\nDecline in yields\nMillers have warned of a further increase in maize prices after the yields dropped by 11 million bags last season—from 44 million to 33 million bags. The declined was due to erratic rainfall and disease outbreaks, among other factors.\nMaize flour prices have gone up in most retail shops in the North Rift, with a 2kg packet going for Sh100. It was Sh80 two months ago. “Some of the consumers have opted for posho mill flour as opposed to the sifted one to cut down on costs, impacting negatively on our operation and pushing some millers out of the market,” added Mr Mutai.\nHe disclosed that maize imports from Tanzania is going at Sh2,900 per 90kg, while that from South Africa is expected to land at Sh3,200, which will increase the cost of maize flour.\n“We are staring at a looming disaster in the next six months as the maize supply in the market deteriorates after most farmers sold out the grains during the harvest period at throwaway prices.\n“Most of the grains have been sold to millers and other traders after the government expressed unwillingness to buy the produce and instead introduced the Warehouse Receipt System where farmers will wait for long before receiving payment,” said Ezekiel Kosgei, an Eldoret-based private land economist.\nThe NCPB is faced with challenges buying maize from farmers after most of them opted to sell the crop the crop to private millers and traders who offer better prices and prompt payments.\nNCPB corporate affairs manager Titus Maiyo yesterday admitted they had yet to receive maize from farmers but expressed optimism to purchase the crop.\n“We urge farmers to take advantage of our prompt payment to deliver their crop to our buying centres countrywide,” said Mr Maiyo.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "With the push for biofuels nationwide farmers may be encouraged to plant corn where environmentally friendly grasses are currently grown. That doesn't mean they can't sequester soil carbon and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A recent study by Ron Follett, a scientist with USDA's Ag Research Service, is one of the most comprehensive studies conducted so far that addresses the effects of replacing native grasses with corn. The results show the benefits of no-till when making the switch from bromegrass to corn.\nThe research team found yield rates were decreased because of extended drought conditions, but the total amount of carbon stayed the same. Follett's team collected soil samples at three depths to analyze the amount of soil carbon at each depth. According to USDA, the rates of loss of soil organic carbon previously sequestered in the top two depths by the bromegrass were offset by similar rates of increase in newly sequestered carbon from the corn.\nThere are currently 35 million acres of bromegrass and other plants grown nationwide in exchange for $1.8 billion per year as part of USDA's Conservation Reserve Program.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Date of Award\nMaster of Science\nPlant, Soil and Environmental Sciences\nBob. V. Conger\nJames Caponetti, Effin T. Graham\nThe objectives of this study were to determine the histological origin of callus or other in vitro tissue initiated from mature orchardgrass embryos, the degree of organization of this tissue, and whether organogenesis and/or embryogenesis occur de novo. The study to determine the tissue of origin was carried out over a 6 day time period. Random samples for histological observation were taken every 24 hr, fixed in a gluteraldehyde solution, and prepared for micro-scopic examination utilizing the paraffin method. The 10 μm sections were stained with safranin 0 followed by the combination stain aniline blue and orange G. The slides were then cover-glassed for microscopic examination. No evidence of callus formation or embryo germination was observed in the 1-day-old cultures. Early germination was apparent in cultures sampled on the second and third day. Four days after plating the embryos, a loose mass of parenchyma cells formed from the basal end of the scutellum near the root cap. The callus samples examined on the fifth and sixth days still showed only a mass of unorganized parenchyma cells. Callus tissue examined at the time of the first subculture (28 days after plating) showed that some of the meristematic centers appeared to arise directly from the embryo, while others appeared to be distinctly separate from the explanted embryo. In some cases the callus appeared to be divided into lobes with meristematic centers located within each lobe. Vascular tissue, primarily xylem initials. were found in the center of the callus lobes and were surrounded by densely stained meristematic centers. At the first subculture the callus was carefully separated from the original explant and transferred to fresh medium. When the callus was approximately 1 cm in diameter, it was divided into three equal size pieces. One piece was fixed in gluteraldehyde for later examina-tion and the other two pieces were subcultured separately in a medium with 1 μM 2,4-D. The original identity of the callus pieces was maintained. When a shoot became visible, the callus piece was removed from culture, fixed histologically, and examined along with the previously fixed sample taken from the same original piece earlier. This allowed comparison of the extent of organization in the callus prior to shoot formation with that after shoot formation. Organized structures such as proembryos in several stages of develop-ment were observed scattered throughout the callus tissue of the earlier sample. Meristematic nodes were also present, but were still in the early stages of development. The later tissue samples with a few shoots on the surface also showed extensive root hair-like growth. Serial sections through this tissue revealed a higher degree of organization than was present in the earlier samples. There were more meristematic centers and nodes present throughout the callus. Many of the meristematic nodes had orderly cell files around them. Strands of vascular tissue were observed in many areas of the callus. New shoot meristems with leaf primordia were visible on the surface of the callus tissue and some were subtended by axillary buds. At the end of the second subculture (84 days), most of the tissue consisted of actively growing meristems and other organized structures. Very little parenchymatous tissue was visible.\nMcDaniel, Judith Lynn Kerley, \"A histological study of the origin, organogenesis, and embryogenesis of callus tissue derived from mature orchardgrass embryos. \" Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1981.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Some flower-aura tips to keep your gardens fresh this winter.\nEvery household comes to life with the nurturing of some garden fresh flowers that add to the charm and aura of a house. As winter commences, here are a few flowers that are ideal for cultivation during the season.\n- Dahlia : These flowers are heavy feeders and require plenty of well drained sunlight. A 8-12 inches deep pit needs to be dug and added compost to, in order to heighten porosity and nutrient density. Small Dahlia plants can be placed at 12 inches distance, however bigger plants need to be kept at least 3 feet apart from one another. Organic mulch is to be used to conserve moisture for warding off weed formation. Pinching the buds when the flowers have adequately grown would enforce increased budding and better branching.\n- Snapdragons/ Dog Flowers : These are mostly homegrown plants and are not long term, hence they feed lesser on soil. Sanpdragons grow in ample sunlight, and adding manure to it, does these plants no harm. Watering these flowers regularly enough to keep the soil must for the first few weeks will result in steady blooming. The flowers need to be watered near their crown and around an inch of water per week after the initial stage is adequate for its durable sustenance. Sometimes, fungal indispositions might accompany such plants, hence it is important to carefully gauge which breed fits perfectly into one’s climate and environment.\n- Pot Marigold also known as Calendula : As most Indians may know this flower, it is colloquially termed as “Genda phool”. These flowers can be either planted directly in one’s garden or in pots containing organic soil, around 6-8 weeks before its last frost. Calendula flowers need lot of water, hence it is mandatory to keep the soil moist and perform proper mulching in order to prevent infestation of pests. These flowers require a period of 5-15 days to properly germinate and about 30-45 days to bloom and mature from its seed. These flowers are faintly scented and mostly grow as yellow or orange small puffy balls.\n- Nemesia : One of the most easy growing plants with no high maintenance rules, Nemesia grows in a variety of colours with a fruity smell. These flowers need a whole of 6-7 hours of sunlight everyday and require the soil to be moist as dry soil can lead to ineffective blooming. These flowers need to be fertilized, preferably with soluble fertilizers. A white colour mold may form on the flower due to extra absorbance of water and must be protected from such Powdery Milkdew. Exposing the plant to areas of heavy air circulation around the house can prevent the stagnant moisture.\nThis winter, plant and cultivate these lovely flowers, and let your homes and gardens breathe and bloom with the pleasant and soothing refreshment that these plants have to offer.\n– by Subhangi Ray", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ball Horticultural Co. took Best of Show booth honors at the Southeast Greenhouse Conference this year with a very welcoming park-like setup of Ball varieties. Goldsmith's booth (pictured at right) was quite the attraction too, taking Best Green Goods booth. 'Cora' vinca is a beauty, and marigold 'Antigua' (see all that yellow?) really stands out in this vignette..\nA few folks were recognized for their service to the industry, as well. Carole Barton and David Rickenbacker were recipients of the Doug Hull Service Award for their devotion to the success of the Southeast Greenhouse Conference. Bill Miller was the recipient of the Horticulture Initiative Award for his contribution to the floriculture industry.\nGreenhouse Water Remediation Garden\n4 years ago", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I put some 10-10-10 in my pots of thyme and all my thyme died? Why? I soaked them right after I fertilized them, and they have been getting plenty of water. In fact, it has rained almost every day.\nThyme doesn't need much fertilizer. A light application of compost in spring should be enough. 10-10-10 is too hot. It's possible the fertilizer came in contact with plant tissue and burned the plants.\nAnother factor could be too much water. If you've been getting rain each day, it's likely that's the reason your thyme died.\nThyme likes poor, well-drained soil on the dry side. Read more about growing thyme, Thyme It Is A Precious Thing at goGardenNow.blogspot.com.\nReturn to Thymus at goGardenNow.com.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "S H F Pine Needles\nOur bales are hand raked and baled in the sand hills of North and South Carolina. Slash pine needles are also available.\nWheat Straw is baled behind wheat harvest , put in our barns bright yellow color and weed free.\nVariety of hay: Alfalfa mix orchard grass and Fescue hay in round or square bales", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Butter beans, or lima beans--depending on where you’re from and what you have been raised to call them--are medium-size beans that come in a pod. If you’ve have reaped the benefits of a large crop this year, you may not want to see them go to waste. Rather than try to consume your entire harvest before it goes bad, butter beans can be frozen and saved for a later date to enjoy.\nShell the beans by hold the pods in both hands and twisting to open them up, extracting the butter beans from inside. Discard the pods.\nWash the butter beans in a colander under cool running water to remove any dirt.\nPick through the beans and discard any that have dark spots.\nBoil a pot of water on the stove.\nPour the beans into the pot and allow them to boil for two to three minutes with the lid on.\nPour the beans into a colander to drain the hot water.\nPut the beans into a large bowl of ice water to lower the temperature and stop the cooking process.\nPour the beans back into the colander after three minutes in the ice water to drain them.\nAllow the beans five minutes to drain in the colander to help get rid of as much moisture as possible.\nPat the beans dry by placing them on paper towels and patting them dry with more paper towels.\nPut the beans into airtight plastic bags making sure to leave two to three inches of space at the top.\nPlace the bags immediately into the freezer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1st certified organic wine produced in Armenia\nYEREVAN, DECEMBER 3, ARMENPRESS. An organic wine has been produced in Armenia for the first time. The wine is made of certified organic grapes.\nOrganic viticulture is a very delicate and expensive initiative.\nDirector of the Vine and Wine Foundation of Armenia Zaruhi Muradyan says the production of organic wine is very important for Armenia.\n“Organic agriculture is recording a great progress in Armenia and is under great attention in the recent years. This year for the first time an Armenian organic wine made from grapes will enter into the market. Winemaking has started developing quite actively, and our Foundation carries out a major work on this path”, she said.\nDeputy head of the department of priority production of agriculture at the ministry of economy Varsik Martirosyan said the whole world is attaching great importance to the role of the organic agriculture.\n“Organic agriculture is a mean to recover, strengthen and improve the agro-ecosystem. The production of these goods is welcomed and is important for us, for the healthy agriculture and lifestyle”, the ministry’s representative said.\nOrganic wines are produced in Armenia by Trinity Canyon Vineyards.\nEdited and translated by Aneta Harutyunyan", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Building resilience in the eye of the storm – Agriculture in the Caribbean and Central America\nBy 2050, the farmers of our world are expected to have to feed a staggering 9.8 billion people, up from 7.5 billion today. With fertile soils and a conducive climate, Central America and the Caribbean are uniquely positioned to supply farm products to growing markets worldwide. But the outdoor business of farming is exposed to many perils in the region: hurricanes, droughts, floods and storms, all of which are set to increase with climate change. So what needs to be done to harvest the economic opportunities that lie ahead? Find out on the following pages where the region stands today and what measures will ensure resilient and profitable farming in the Caribbean and Central America.\nIn our ongoing efforts to improve the quality and relevance of our publications, we would like to know more about you.\nSubscribe To RSS\nSubscribe to Newsletters\n(Swiss Re Institute) Risk Dialogue Magazine\nThe Risk Dialogue Magazine is a newsletter exploring future risk topics, featuring multimedia articles from the Swiss Re Institute's events and insights from our global network of experts.\nOur sigma publication series provides comprehensive information on the international insurance markets and analyses of economic trends and strategic issues in re/insurance and financial services.\nSwiss Re Publications\nOur publications share our expertise on issues of concern to our clients, the re/insurance industry and society - from food, health, longevity and financial security to managing climate and natural disaster risk.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sulphur and Sustainable Agriculture\nAuthors: Till, A.R.\nPublisher: IFA, 1st edition, Paris, France, May 2010\nThe sulphur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine are essential for production of proteins; without them and other sulphur-containing materials, there would be no life as we know it. Increasing crop yields and the move to ‘high-analysis’ fertilizers that contain little sulphur has lead to increasing sulphur deficiencies, which must be urgently overcome to sustain agro-ecosystems. This timely publication brings together the many aspects of sulphur in agriculture, looking at both crop and livestock production. It discusses the importance of sulphur cycling and the essential role of sulphur fertilization. It also suggests recommendations for better managing sulphur and ensuring sustainability of agricultural systems.\nClick to Download\nTo get this document no need to add to cart", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The magic attractant- BACTROLURE®\nFarmtrack Consulting Ltd, has introduced the first product to control the invader fruit fly. BACTROLURE® is pheromone-based bait that is highly attractive to the invader males fly. It comes as a simple package that consists of a bucket trap, a lid, a hook wire and the bait. Instructions on its assemblage are provided in the package and are easy to follow.\nHow it works\nThe males of invader fly are attracted to a chemical in BACTROLURE® which mimics the one released by the female for mating. The bait releases volatiles into the air which attracts the males. Male flies find their way in the bucket and on getting in contact with the bait; they die on the spot and fall off into the bucket. This is the reason why the bait is placed inside the bucket and the bucket placed on fruit trees using the wire hook provided during. This can be done the onset of fruits or well in advance of infestation before fruits get mature. The rationale for this strategy is to deny the female mating during which time her eggs gets fertilized. Therefore, eggs are not viable and will not hatch into young ones (larvae) and will not feed on the flesh of the fruit nor will there be damage to the fruit. If enough traps are used in the field to capture all the male flies, it means a loss of a whole fruit flies generation. One female lays about 500 eggs during its life and if you kill one male, you have killed more than 500 flies that were to be obtained from that one female. Ideally, one male will mate with more than one female and hence by killing one male you will kill more than the 500 individuals. The more you trap and kill the males, the more you reduce next generation offsprings. Once the bucket is full of dead flies, it is required that the dead flies be emptied and buried into shallow soils to avoid being fed on by birds and or chicken.\nRate of application\nThe farmer only needs 4 of the traps per acre. Once the bait has been exhausted, the farmer only needs to replace the bait but not the full kit.\nOn which fruit trees?\nThe invader fruit fly has been recorded in all parts of the country except areas above 2000m a.s.l. The preferred fruits are mangos of all varieties but the fly also attacks avocadoes, loquats, oranges, banana, and many wild fruits. That means if the cultivated fruit trees are out of season, the invader fly finds an alternative wild host to continue its life-cycle and comes back to the orchards when fruits form. Farmers are advised that for better management of this pest, it is recommended that they continue using BACTROLURE product during offseason although at a lower rate to keep the numbers low before the onset of fruiting season.\nThe benefits of using BACTROLURE®\n- It is a first fruit fly control product of its kind to be introduced in Kenya\n- No spraying on the crop, therefore not chemical residues on fruits\n- Its friendly to the user, consumer and to the environment as it only attracts Bactrocera sp. flies\n- It is Cheap and effective\n- Can last upto 8 weeks or beyond while with continuous trapping", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Le Corti di San Rocco Farmhouse is located in Cossombrato, a quiet, little village at about 10 minutes’ driving distance from Asti.\nThis project saw the light thanks to Maria Grazia and Lucrezia, mother and daughter. In fact, the property has always been a farm where, over the decades, the most diverse crops have been cultivated: from fruit trees to poplars, from vineyards to wheat fields. And in more recent days, Maria Grazia and Lucrezia have decided to give the village and all passers-by the possibility of admiring a 5-hectare stretch of lavender and lavandin which, in June and July, becomes a huge, eye-catching lilac-purple expanse surrounding the property.\nThe lavender fields can be visited for a fee, upon reservation including availability for photo shoots.\nNatural lavender-based products are available for sale.\nIt is possible to book tastings and themed evenings on the world of wine.\nWe are available to make your stay an unforgettable experience.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Crabapple trees (Malus spp.) create a showy display throughout much of the year. In the spring they explode with fragrant blooms that cover the trees for up to two weeks. In the late summer and fall the leaves change color, and these trees develop an abundance of small crabapples that can be left for wildlife to enjoy or harvested for home use. For those choosing to harvest the fruit, proper timing can insure that you get the most from your crabapple tree.\nKnow Crabapple Basics\nCrabapples and apples are essentially the same fruit; the only real distinction is the size. Crabapples are defined as being 2 inches or less in diameter; apples are larger than 2 inches. Crabapples typically thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 to 8, but some, such as Malus \"Rescue,\" can handle the conditions in USDA zone 1. Most crabapples are not as sweet as apples but instead have a tart, tangy flavor that many people enjoy. While they can be eaten raw, people often choose to make juice or jelly from them or to put them up as preserves or pickles.\nCheck the Seeds\nOne of the best ways to tell if crabapples are ripe is to cut a few in half and look at the seeds. A ripe crabapple will normally have dark brown seeds. If it is not ripe, the seeds will be lighter in color and may look beige, greenish or white. In a few cases the seeds may remain light, so it's best to use more than just this one method to determine ripeness.\nLook for Coloring When Ripe\nDifferent varieties of crabapples are different colors. If you know the variety of yours, you can tell when they are ripe or nearly ripe by the intensity of the color. Many, such as Malus \"Camzam\" Camelot are varying shades of red, but others like Malus \"Trailman\" are mottled with green. Both grow best in USDA zones 4 to 8. Some may even be solid green, like Malus \"Norhey,\" which will grow in USDA zones 1 through 8. With at least 1,000 different varieties of crabapples to choose from, you may need to wait and see what color your crabapples turn if you don't know which type you have.\nTest the Firmness and Flavor\nCrabapples should be harvested when the flesh is firm and crisp, but they should be easily edible and not so hard that you have to struggle to take a bite. Ripe crabapples will typically be a mix of tart and sweet. If they aren't ripe yet, they will taste bitter.\nConsider the Weather\nYour harvest will be at its best if you pick your crabapples before they are exposed to a hard freeze. According to the University of Alaska at Fairbanks Cooperative Extension, crabapples can tolerate temperatures down to about 27 degrees Fahrenheit, especially when the tree still has leaves on it to give them some protection. If you're going to harvest them after a freeze, wait until they are no longer frozen before handling them to avoid damaging the fruit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You have certainly made a good decision if you have decided that you want to grow your own organic garden. There is a lot of technique involved to successfully growing your own plants, though. Do you know what you need to know about growing organic plants properly? If you don’t, you should look at these tips below.\nPay attention to the compatibility of your plants. You can plant tall plants, such as tomatoes, and use them to shade such sun-sensitive plants as lettuce and spinach. These combinations can reduce the amount of fertile space your garden requires while also increasing the yield of all the types of plants you have.\nWhen your summer blooms have bloomed and faded away, remember to dead-head the flowers. This means pinching off the flower heads. This will encourage new flowers to bloom longer next year, and it will also strengthen the plant. Since the flower heads have seeds, you can also save the flower heads that you have pinched off for planting at another time.\nIf you plant flowers in a container make sure that you water them and feed them regularly, and that the pots have adequate drainage. Because there is limited soil in the pot, you need to pay more attention to the soil conditions. If the drainage is not adequate your plants will result in root rot.\nTry growing crops that are easy to store or store themselves. If handled properly and gently, given the right amount of time to cure, garlic, onions, sweet potatoes, squash, dry beans, or shallots will keep for a very long time in a cool, dry place. No canning or freezing required. This will ensure having fresh vegetables from the garden all winter long.\nAfter a long day of gardening, clean those dirty hands with a breakfast treat. Create a mixture of oatmeal and water. Make it thick! Use the mixture as an abrasive to get the dirt out of your skin and from under your fingernails. Follow it up with your normal soap and water wash to get any lingering dirt off.\nMake sure you are realistic about your gardening abilities. It is easy to get excited about the possibilities that your garden holds. However, it does not make sense to purchase seeds that will not thrive in your climate. Research what type of plants you can successfully grow and stick to your list when shopping.\nKeep an eye on your lilies. Unfortunately, lilies are prone to virus disease, such as lily mosaic. If you can, purchase bulbs that are guaranteed ‘virus-free’. During the growing season, keep a sharp look out for any aphids, as they spread the disease. Make sure to spray with insecticidals soap at the very first sign of them.\nIf your home just has a small patio, you can still have a garden by growing plants in containers. Container gardening can give you the option to grow all kinds of flowers, plants, and even vegetables. You can also bypass the problem of frost by taking your containers inside during frosty weather.\nUse only pesticides designed to kill the specific type of pest in your garden, and avoid the broad-spectrum kind. Broad spectrum pesticides don’t only kill the offending pests, but the beneficial ones also. The beneficial insects, which kill the pests, are much more sensitive to pesticides than the pests. Using them will reduce your population of good bugs, and increase the bad. This can result in your using more pesticides to eradicate the problem.\nEvergreens are best planted at least four weeks before the ground freezes. This will allow the tree to establish some roots before the soil freezes in the late fall. Evergreens do not drop their leaves in the fall, but continue to lose moisture, so it is important to get them in the ground well before the first frost.\nA very important step to remember when planting a rose is to use soil, mulch or compost to mound at the base of the plant all the way to the first canes. Mounding this way will protect the plant until new growth emerges and new feeder roots have grown to absorb water for the plant.\nIn conclusion, if you wanted to grow your own organic garden, but didn’t know much about where to start, you should now have an idea of what it takes to grow one. If you have any more questions as to what to do, there is a ton of information online, just waiting to be read.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Strider, a well-respected, agriculture-focused tech start-up in Brazil, has recently expanded in the US market. Mainly in Texas as of now, Strider is bringing it’s mission of cutting input costs to the American farmer by helping farmers monitor pests, diseases, and weeds. This platform creates value by taking the information collected by scouts on the field to be evaluated by crop consultants and acted upon by growers.\nThe company’s mobile application allows growers to track information related to crop conditions such as pests, diseases, and weeds, as well as tracking problem areas, control scouting, monitor effectiveness of spraying on pest populations, and record spray records. Working with Strider’s decision making platform will allow growers, or farm managers, to determine when, where and how much to spray for maximum efficiency.\n“We all have a mission: we need to make agriculture stronger and stronger to match the challenge that we have in the future to feed 9 billion people. We are changing agriculture today because we at Strider took this as a serious mission and are all coming together to make it happen.” Ed Siatti, VP of Sales for North America, Strider.\nStrider has worked with Brazilian farmers for years integrating their decision-making platform into farms covering more than 1.8M acres in Brazil. This platform has allowed grower to make better management decisions as it creates value by taking the information collected by scouts on the field to be evaluated by crop consultants and acted upon by growers.\nThis digital tool was developed in 2013 and installed in tablets; it allows technicians and field producers to register the exact incidents which may influence in the proliferation of plagues, resulting in a high level control, productivity and, mainly, up to 15% in pesticides cost savings.\nExpanding into Texas first wasn’t a random choice for Strider. According to Phillips McDougall Consulting, American growers are 2nd in pesticide use with up to $7.3 billion spent in 2013. Brazil holds the first position, spending up to $10 billion. Texas is also a large cotton-producing area, which demands careful monitoring of the crop and pest populations.\nIt wasn’t easy to enter in one of the more traditional areas. Even with higher knowledge and a quality product, it was important to be trusted by the locals. “We didn´t have contacts there. I made some connections over the internet. The first positive answer came from Jim Hunt – Regional Sales Manager from Netafim Irrigation. He said that if a stranger was traveling thousands of miles to talk about an unknown technology for agriculture, due to his experience, that means he deserved a chance.” said Siatti.\nSiatti is excited about the reaction Strider has had so far, “As I got into Texas, they found that this tool could be useful for them. They started to refer and call other farmers in the area to bring them together to talk about Strider. It has been an amazing experience. I’m excited to say that in 2016 we will have full operation in Texas.”\nIn only 10 months, Strider is being used by over 115 farms in Texas.\nLearn more about Strider’s mobile platform here: [wpaudio url=”http://traffic.libsyn.com/zimmcomm/strider-siatti-12-18-15.mp3″ text=”Interview with Ed Siatti, Strider”]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Movement at the station: Recent property listings\nTHIS week’s property review includes this wrap-up of interesting recent listings across the country, and a separate article of recently relisted properties of note.\n- Southern Riverina aggregation returns to the market\n- Blue ribbon Victorian grazing & grain\n- Bullo River frontage & flood-out country\n- Dysart cattle breeding & finishing\n- NSW beef factory & fodder powerhouse\n- $15m+ for New England grazing\n- Northern Tablelands grazing block\n- Cattle + fodder in NQ\n- Mixed grazing & farming at Dulacca\n- EOI for CQ’s Brackenhill extended\nSouthern Riverina aggregation returns to the market\nMore than $60 million is anticipated for a southern Riverina aggregation which is being offloaded by Nature Conservancy Australia and Tiverton Agriculture after four and half years of ownership.\nThe 34,114ha cattle backgrounding and timber harvesting enterprise, pictured above, comprises two contiguous holdings – the 27,499ha Juanbung Station and the 6615ha Boyong Station.\nThey were purchased in January 2019 from prominent Melbourne businessman Tim Roberts-Thomson for $57 million.\nSituated 50km north-east of Balranald and 75km north-west of Hay, the aggregation has an estimated carrying capacity of more than 37,000DSE. Previously, it backgrounded 10,000 feeder steers a year.\nBoasting 55km of Murrumbidgee River frontage and 18km of Lachlan River frontage, water is also secured by two bores, Lake Bunumburt, numerous catchment dams and seasonal swamps and waterholes.\nJuanbung and Boyong Stations are underpinned by 16,000ha of the terminal flood plain delta of the Lachlan River known as the Great Cumbung Swamp.\nThe price includes a timber harvesting licence (expiring 2038) with sufficient resources for future harvesting from one the largest privately-owned River Red Gum forests in the world.\nAdditional income streams include the mustering of rangeland goats, as well as sustainable land use options for carbon offsets and biodiversity credits.\nLAWD agents Danny Thomas and Elizabeth Doyle have been appointed to handle the expressions of interest process for Juanbung and Boyong Stations closing on July 13.\nBlue ribbon Victorian grazing & grain\nLocals through to corporates are showing interest in a blue-ribbon prime lamb, fine wool and winter cropping enterprise in Central Victoria’s sought-after Goulburn Valley.\nThe 1456ha Castle Creek is 14km from Euroa and less than two hours from Melbourne, in a region renowned for its ideal climate, above average rainfall and diverse soil types.\nThe mixed farming operation comprises four holdings – 478ha Castle Creek North, 327ha Castle Creek South, 395ha Woods and 256ha Skinners – aggregated over 30 years by the Gross family.\nAround 94 percent (1367ha) of the flat to gently sloping country is considered arable with fertile loam and clay soils.\nThe grazing area has a carrying capacity of 10,000DSE, with the current vendors running 4578 mixed sheep.\nCastle Creek has a strong fertiliser history with soil testing, fertiliser, gypsum and lime applications undertaken on a regular basis to maximise productivity and retain optimum levels of meat and wool production.\nThe 452ha cropping area features a balance of introduced pastures and high-yielding winter row crops including wheat, canola, barley and oats.\nShane McIntyre from CBRE Agribusiness would not disclose a price guide, however it is understood the land and fixed improvements could achieve around $16,000 per hectare.\n“Castle Creek is a turnkey operation that has been thoughtfully developed by the Gross family, including well-maintained fencing and state-of-the-art working facilities,” he said.\nCastle Creek is watered by three dams supported by 547,100 litres of water stored in multiple tanks.\nIt is being offered for sale as a whole or as four separate parcels via a two-stage expressions of interest campaign closing on July 5.\nBullo River frontage & flood out country\nThargomindah Station in south-west Queensland has been listed for sale by Adam and Amy Klein after five years ownership.\nThe 47,100ha property is adjacent to the Thargomindah township and is suitable for running cattle, sheep or goats.\nThargomindah Station is currently being run as a cattle enterprise, but in the past was a sheep and wool operation.\nThe mostly flat to gently undulating open grasslands are timbered with mulga, box and beefwood.\nThere is around 5600ha of Bulloo River frontage and flood-out, supported by a capped share bore and two wells.\nThe recently fully exclusion fenced Thargomindah Station is currently enjoying a good season – receiving 30mm of rain in the past week.\nSam Bartlett from Adcock Partners who is conducting inspections reports good stands of hayed-off native pastures.\nMeantime, agent Andrew Adcock said good inquiry was coming from ‘inside’ producers, around Roma, looking to expand with better priced breeding country.\nThargomindah Station will be auctioned on July 13. The sale includes 500 cows and progeny.\nDysart cattle breeding & finishing\nAfter 35 years, the Pocock family has listed its premium Dysart district cattle breeding and finishing country in Central Queensland.\nThe 2047ha Highland Plains is located 24km south-west of Dysart, 60km east of Clermont and 110km north-east of Emerald.\nDuring their ownership, the Pococks have focussed on breeding and growing between 500 to 550 head of cattle.\nThe country on Highland Plains is mostly open to semi open deep, black, self-mulching soils that have been farmed in the past and could grow forage or grain crops.\nThe remainder features mountain coolibah and loamy box ridges and coolibah and ti-tree creek flats.\nSituated in a 575mm average rainfall region, Highland Plains is heavily grassed and abundantly watered by ten dams and five bores.\nRecent improvements have focused on ease of management.\nRBV agent Terry Ray said the property will appeal to existing producers looking for a bolt on acquisition, as well as those seeking a standalone operation.\n“There have been an above average number of inspections from locals and Central Highlands producers seeking expansion,” he said.\nHighland Plains will be auctioned on 14 July by RBV Rural.\nNSW beef factory & fodder powerhouse\nA beef factory and fodder crop powerhouse on the Gwydir River in north-west New South Wales has been listed for sale by Dan and Lucy Coulton for between $6 million and $7 million.\nThe 825ha Kiaora is situated 14km north of Gravesend, 32km west of Warialda and 70km east of Moree.\nAround 75 percent of the property is arable and comprises 270ha of highly productive river flats and 380ha of rich self-mulching black and chocolate soils suitable for summer and winter grain crops.\nKiaora boasts 8km of Gwydir River frontage and is watered by a bore, 180,000 litres of water storage, an extensive trough system, as well as 13 dams.\nThe balance is productive finishing country capable of turning over 1300 trade cattle a year.\nDuring their seven year ownership, the Coultons have developed the property and installed new fencing.\nA licence is pending for a 999 head feedlot that includes six feed pens, four holding pens and six supplementary paddocks with troughs.\nPaul Kelly from Moree Real Estate is handling the sale, which includes 225ha of forage oats, 168ha of barley and 35ha of improved pastures.\n$15m+ for New England grazing\nOffers higher than $15 million are being considered for a cattle, wool and prime lamb operation in the renowned New England region of New South Wales.\nMidlands is situated in a 900mm rainfall district 22km north-west of Guyra and 57km from Armidale. For the past 17 years it has been held by Andrew and Sue Ross.\nThe 1006ha holding is gently undulating and consists of basalt and trap soils with some loamy creek flats. Around 75 percent is arable.\nMidlands has an estimated carrying capacity of 9500 dry sheep equivalents. Vendor Sue Ross believes with additional forage crops and pasture improvements this number could be increased.\nThe property features a 1.5km double frontage to George’s Creek and is watered by 33 dams (mostly spring-fed), as well as two equipped bores.\nMidlands has been developed with good fencing, laneways for ease of management and sheep and cattle infrastructure.\nNorthern Tablelands grazing block\nA grazing block on the edge of the Northern Tablelands in New South Wales is being offered for sale by Robert and Justine Aitken who are selling to downsize to a smaller holding nearby.\nThe 590ha Craigleigh is located 20km west of Bundarra and 65km south of Inverell.\nThe country comprises softer type granite soils and loams in creek areas rising to hilly grazing areas with rocky outcrops.\nThe improved pastures, which have had fertiliser annually applied since 2016, are capable of running 165 breeding cows in a normal season.\nSituated in an 875mm average annual rainfall region, Craigleigh is watered by the permanent Saveall Creek, seasonal creeks which traverse the property, a solar equipped bore and several dams.\nThe property has good working improvements and is well fenced, with most of the fencing erected in last four to five years.\nThe sale of Craigleigh is being handled by Carl Hurford from Nutrien Harcourts and Justin Williamson of Williamson Rural Marketing.\nThe agents were unable to disclose a price guide, however grazing country in the area has been making between $10,000 and $15,000 per cow area.\nCattle + fodder in NQ\nOne of the few irrigation farms in North Queensland’s Upper Burdekin is being offered for sale by Slaney & Co.\nThe 566ha Basalt is 25km from Charters Towers (close to the Lynd Highway) and 150km north-east of Townsville.\nBasalt is currently farming Rhodes grass hay and running 100 mixed cattle, with 40 mixed weaners (200 to 300kg) included in the sale.\nSituated in a 651mm average annual rainfall region, it features a mix of fertile black and red basalt and alluvial Burdekin River frontage soils, well drained farming land and significant irrigation water.\nBasalt farm has 5km of Burdekin River frontage and a 2400ML water entitlement. Construction of the proposed Big Rocks Weir will mean additional, reliable water supply.\nSelling agent Henry Slaney believes Basalt will suit a range of buyers including farmers, cattle producers, professionals, business operators and retirees.\nBasalt will be auctioned on July 11.\nMixed grazing & farming at Dulacca\nAn ideal balance of grazing and farming country on Queensland’s western downs will be auctioned on June 29 by Nutrien Harcourts GDL.\nOwned by Andrew and Jacqui Coleborn, the 1315ha Myalla and Glenvale (about 2km apart) are situated 6.5km north of Dulacca and 50km north-west of Miles.\nThe country features quality, soft, self-mulching reddish belah soils and darker soft brigalow soils.\nAlmost 700ha of previously cultivated country is carrying good stands of buffel across both properties.\nGlenvale features Back Creek frontage, with both properties watered by nine dams.\nAgent Owen Brockhurst is handling the sale of Myalla and Glenvale which will be auctioned separately on June 29.\nEOI for CQ’s Brackenhill extended\nExpressions of interest for a Central Queensland cattle irrigation property with residential subdivision potential has been extended to July 13.\nThe 345ha Brackenhill is situated on the high bank of the Fitzroy River, 20 minutes from Rockhampton and 40 minutes from Yeppoon.\nAlexander ‘Bob’ Meldrum, a cattle veterinarian and producer, purchased the river acreage in 1966. For the past 18 years, it has been managed and further developed by his daughters Melissa and Natalie.\nThe well grassed breeding block has been cleared and sown to improved pastures, including leucaena, that can support 500 cows and calves.\nBrackenhill is well-watered by 1.6km of Fitzroy River frontage, 700m of Etna Creek frontage and 11 dams. The extensive pondage pasture is irrigated by a gravity-fed system and supported by supplemented and unsupplemented water allocations.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This item 50 Black Mulberry Fruit Tree Seeds Morus Nigra A++ Shade Tree with Edible Fruits 20 pcs american red maple seeds tree seeds maple for home GARDEN planting easy grow very rare tree seeds 25 Organic Seeds of The Tree of Life - The Moringa Tree - Superfood, Easy to Grow, Fast Growing Tree with Edible Leaves, Stems, Seeds - Marde Ross & Company Blackberries (Rubus spp. Unlike strawberries, though, blackberry seeds are hard. While our local weather has been up, down and everywhere in between, my heart is ready for birds chirping, green buds of new growth on the trees and blooms of color. Trialed by our research team and 100% satisfaction guaranteed. Heirloom berry seeds are usually tiny, so be careful not to cover too deeply. and the Loganberry. Plus, if you have a gardening question, one of our helpful and friendly gardening experts can help answer it. BlackBerry is a software company specializing in enterprise software, internet of things (IoT) and cyber security. Spring is officially here. Leaves and stems are also valuable: the young shoots can be eaten raw or steamed in early spring. BlackBerry is a Canadian company BlackBerry Limited (formerly known as Research In Motion, or RIM). There are two types of blackberry plants: trailing and erect. seeds in the fridge. Place the seeds into a plastic zip-lock. Good news, burdock is an edible … are edible either for food, or for medicinal purposes. ), which grow best in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through … Delicious Blackberries are edible raw or made into jelly or jam. Blackberry Edible, Herbal Use The Blackberry plant is edible, and also used as an herbal remedy. Primocane. Truth be told, it barely requires you to dip into the bank at all. Suitable for your vegetable garden, in a greenhouse, in a potplant or indoors. The seeds are edible, but if you don't like the texture or are making fruit leather the seeds are undesirable. 100 Seeds/Pack Thornless BlackBerry Seeds,Delicious,Nutritious, Sweet, Natural Snack, Perennial… $1.69 Only 4 left in stock - order soon. The latest addition to them are the lemon seeds. The Himalayan blackberry is the species that grows in the wild where I live. Aug 9, 2014 - If you have a small garden area or an empty raised bed you’re wanting to plant something in, then you might toss around the idea of growing some blackberries. a Blackberry, a Dewberry. Interestingly, their seeds even have Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. You can harvest seeds from your plants in the fall before they drop from the plant. Creating an edible garden doesn’t have to break the bank. Seeds should germinate after 3-4 weeks. It isn’t native to British Columbia and is very invasive. Most of them are scams and you’ll get weed seeds, random little pellets that aren’t seeds at all, or seeds from some random plant. Leaf reacts to light and abrupt movement, after which it can close itself. Find great deals on eBay for edible berries seeds. This smallish shrub native to lowland rainforests from Panama to Venezuela and Ecuador is closely related to the Gardenia and grows white, very fragrant flowers followed by edible, hard-shelled Blackberry Lime Tart Recipe Beautiful layers of crumbly shortbread, tangy lime curd, and blackberry coulis come together in this gorgeous blackberry lime tart. Health Dangers of Eating Seeds There are health dangers of eating seeds. Roasted Blackberry Salad with Parsnips, Carrots and Beans September 26, 2020 by Edible San Francisco We’re usually not a fan of fruit in salads, or rather, we rarely go that route. Cold-hardy for northern growers. COOK IT! The Boysenberry is a cross. Seeds of the most unusual, edible subtropical plants. Ships from and sold by weiketuo33. Blackberry seeds are edible therefore they are quite okay to stay on the fruit although they can be annoying to eat. Place the seeds gently on the surface and lightly cover with more soil. Decorated with blackberries and edible flowers this gourmet dessert BlackBerry exited its legacy smartphone hardware business between 2016 and 2020. Happy ardening! Step 2 After 12-16 weeks, fill pots or seed trays with well draining soil, a fruit compost mix is ideal. Blackberries are an edible fruit, commonly found in the UK from June until November, and they’re often seen growing in forests and hedgerows. Seeds for sale starting at € 7.00. The sticky seeds can be prolific, and if one goes to seed at the edge of the garden you’ll have your work cut out for you the following year. Each individual blackberry, when ripe, is made up of 20-50 single seeds … The only probably I have had with blackberry seeds is them getting caught in my teeth. We offer disease-free, dormant blackberry plants. Our expert guide on where to pick blackberries, how to cook, storing ideas and the best blackberry fruit recipes. Green to yellow, star-shaped fruits with juicy, sweet-sour fruit flesh. As the seeds are very fine, complete removal is is difficult but most Edible blooms bring beauty and their own signature flavor to the plate. Whether you are a new gardener or an experienced one, we can help you learn new hings and grow your garden. Blackberry seeds do … Dry and store the seeds … … Seeds Blackberry produces a lot of seeds. Sow and discover them for yourself! You can sign in to vote the answer. Except where noted, grow garden berries just like tomatoes, starting indoors 4 weeks before frost. Calflora taxon report, University of California, Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California, 0 0 justme Lv 5 1 decade ago Yes it is safe to eat the seeds 0 0 How do you think about the answers? Choose from Johnny's edible flower seeds, including a wide selection of organic varieties. Once the plant has established itself in an area, it’s hard to get rid of. The seeds require stratification the first year and will grow the second year. How to Grow Blackberries from Seeds. There can be up to 13,000 seeds per square metre under a blackberry bush at the end of a fruiting season. Or direct sow about the time of last frost. Blackberry guide: where to find, how to cook and recipe ideas Come late August and you'll find blackberries in abundance across the countryside. Shop with confidence. Blackberries are related to raspberries; both are in the Rubus genus and produce aggregate accessory fruits, … You might be surprised to discover just how easy it is to create a budget-friendly food garden with Birds and animals feeding on the berries spread the seeds in their droppings Blackberry Lime Cake – tender cake infused with lime zest, frosted with blackberry buttercream, topped with fresh blackberries and edible flowers. From Italian parsley, lime thyme, and lavender to allspice, marjoram and rosemary, there are endless possibilities for the exotic herb gardener.Exotic culinary herbs have been grown and cultivated throughout the world, from the Mediterranean to the Tropics, their versatility is unsurpassed. I did some Googling and found some Amazon listings for “Grifri thornless blackberry”. Blackberry leaves can be used to make a medicinal tea. The seeds of blackberry, papaya, guava, jackfruits, etc. I personally don’t mind the seeds on my blackberries but you can remove the blackberry seeds. The erect type has Blackberries are hardy plants that rarely contract disease or attract pests. Discover gardening made easy. Blackberry Lily spread through rhizomes and can be divided or shared as you would an Iris plant. ... Green to yellow, star-shaped fruits with juicy, sweet-sour fruit flesh. (Rubus ursinus x idaeus). In the first article of this series, Health Dangers of a Plant-Based Diet, we discovered how plants have motivations for their survival, not human health., we discovered how plants have motivations for … Rubus ursinus x idaeus. You don’t want to eat those! Seeds of the most unusual edible vegetables, fruits, spices and nuts. 20+ Boysenberry Seeds.\nNorthwestern State University Athletics, How To Become A Dealer Of Sante Barley, 3-way Relay Diagram, Air Arms Targets, Devoted 4 Impatient 4, Working Memory Research, Is Singapore Airport Open For Transit,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Community gardens are a growing trend the world over as little plots pop up in the smallest available spaces in cities; providing fresh produce alongside a sense of community and ownership for those involved.\nAt UniSA’s Mawson Lakes and City West campuses, communities are coming together as the University’s own garden projects take shape. What began as an idea in the first unijam back in 2013 is now rolling out with staff and students getting involved.\nA 500 square metre area has been set aside at Mawson Lakes and last month staff and students got their hands dirty with the first planting of 11 evergreen fruit trees including avocado, lime and orange, along with less common fruits such as guava, tamarillo and white sapote.\nNow in the true spirit of community gardening, members of the University community are being invited to take ownership and drive the project moving forward.\nDavid Varga from the campus Facilities Management Unit says his staff have provided the basics including setting up the area with provisions for irrigation, several garden beds and a garden shed, but ultimately it is a blank canvas and how it takes shape will be driven by the community.\n“Since unijam it’s been an interesting journey of discovery figuring out the best framework,” Varga said.\n“People from across the campus have already shown their interest to get involved – we want an area that people can actually get physically involved in, to get out and dig and plant and manage the space themselves.\n“We are taking a phased approach; initially involving the local campus community and if it’s successful, then we can start to invite other user groups in Mawson Lakes who could become involved.”\nProgram Director from the School of Natural and Built Environments Dr James Ward says the first tree planting on March 9 has provided a community orchard that will grow to be a permanent backbone of the garden space.\n“We’ve put all the evergreens along the southern side so that we get good northerly sun during winter and that’s an example of the permaculture thinking behind the layout and design of the space,” Dr Ward said.\n“Then the garden bed area which has room to expand will be driven by the community – we are kick-starting the area with four self-watering wicking beds, but ultimately the form of that space will be up to the community to decide.\n“We also have a team of students working on interpretation signage this semester as part of the interpretation course in the Bachelor of Environmental Science degree.\n“One of the most common groups using the area of lawn in the space are school children who visit the Planetarium who typically go out to have their lunch, so this is where interpretative signage will provide interaction for any visitors to the campus – there are lots of opportunities for descriptive signage that makes the garden an interesting place to learn.\n“My hope is that we have some signage that at least describes the types of trees planted and where: i.e. we have tall, evergreen trees at the southern end where they will get plenty of sun year-round without shading out the shorter deciduous trees, and at the northern end we have the vegetable gardens in full sun year-round.\n“There could also be signage around the irrigation system, which is run on multiple stations to account for different watering regimes for evergreen and deciduous trees, while the vegetable gardens will be water-efficient wicking beds.”\nAnyone interested in getting involved can complete the sign-up sheet outside the NBE office (P1-22, Mawson Lakes) and a ‘Google Group’ has formed with the people who have signed up so far to communicate with each other. Students and staff from across the disciplines are welcome.\n“My intention is to see these people establish the governance structure of the group including organising a schedule of meetings, getting the group to figure out who is leading the project, and arranging the initial next phases including commissioning raised garden beds and planting deciduous trees,” Dr Ward said.\nThe group will work in consultation with FMU to ensure that the development matches the aesthetics of the campus but ultimately it will be the community that manage the garden.\nBachelor of Environmental Science student Amber Michael (pictured right) got involved in the Mawson Lakes garden because she loves gardening, and the project provides a great way to connect with others and have a positive effect on people and in the community.\n“It will be a great way to show people they can produce their own food at home that tastes great and is free,” Amber says.\n“It’s great for the environment by reducing food miles and packaging, and it makes you feel good too.\n“I like that this has been so well thought out and a lot of the things that people find difficult to source or overcome when setting up a community garden have been taken care of; there is a good water source with irrigation systems in place, a future plan set out for garden beds and deciduous trees, and the initial setup and material costs have been covered by the University.”\nPost-graduate journalism student Rachael Hakim has written about the project as part of her role writing for the Community Service Learning Project blog, Where Uni Meets Community.\n“When I visited the planting day I found the gardens were nothing like I expected - there were exotic fruit trees being planted, not spinach, broccoli, kale and the usual veg - although that will come later.\n“I’m keen to follow the garden’s progress and I’m excited to see the response from staff, students and the community. There is so much more to learn than just planting some vegetables.”\nAnyone interested in getting involved can sign up via the School of Natural & Built Environments office in person at P1-22, Mawson Lakes, by phone on (08) 8302 3000 or by email at NBEemail@example.com\nAt City West, an empty concrete space on the rooftop of the Kaurna building is attracting up to 150 staff and students each week to the ‘Community Gardens’ events from 12-1pm featuring catering from local businesses; promoting healthy and sustainable eating.\nTristana Sidoryn from the UniSA Business School said the events are a joint initiative between the UniSA Business School and the School of Art, Architecture and Design.\n“The events have been attended each week by 120 to 150 staff and students,” Sidoryn said.\n“Along with lunch, we hold structured planting activities involving students and staff, such as setting up wicking beds.\n“We are involved in the broader UniSA community gardens project, and essentially have set up this part and then we will be involved in the greening George Street project, and other community gardens at City West campus.\n“The events in the rooftop community gardens will be held for a year, and then we will look at extending it to other parts of the University.”\nBachelor of Marketing and Communication student Wael Mili says the weekly events provide the ideal place to take a break.\n“The idea of a garden on the roof is unique by itself, you get to plant and enjoy an afternoon with friends and lovely UniSA staff,” Wael says. “I encourage everyone to come along.”\nMasters by Research student Peilin Phua says the community gardens event is her favourite midweek event on campus.\n“What a great way to catch up with friends and university staff over some hearty food and drinks,” Peilin said.\n“It’s a great place to share knowledge about gardening and plants, I didn’t know there were so many different species of basil herb or different applications.”\nAnyone in the University community is welcome and can visit Facebook for more information about what’s happening each week.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "February is one of those months that I spend indoors cleaning and planning, taking advantage of being cooped up. I downsize for donations, recycle paperwork, review last year’s notes, finalize goals, build my calendar, and what I consider the most enjoyable: ordering seeds and designing my vegetable beds.\nIt all seems very overwhelming for new homesteaders; planting times, crop rotation, companion planting, spacing, starting seeds indoors, succession planting, zones, pests, fertilizer, soil, raised beds, square foot gardening…the list goes on. Where do you even start? Expectations of success often lead us to be unnecessarily hard on ourselves, but gardening, like many skills, takes practice, wisdom, and experience, which often has moments of failure for clarity and learning.\nGetting advice about gardening can also be a trial when every individual has particular preferences, resources, and experience. Your zone, soil, finances, and preferences will be different than others.\nEllen Biddle Shipman, one of the first female landscape architects in the 1930s, said, “Remember that the design of your place is its skeleton upon which you will later plant to make your picture. Keep that skeleton as simple as possible.” So let us simplify!\nWhat type of bed do you have?\nTwin, full, queen, king, or a cot in a corner?\nWhat is the size of space you have available to garden in? I highly recommend measuring out your land, then making a graph paper map of it. How much space do you want around the beds? Measure a wheelbarrow width and make sure that you can navigate around. Now sort out how big each bed would be.\nWhen I first started on my homestead, raised beds were the best option for me because I live in wetland territory, and over-saturated areas are not uncommon. Finances also designated how much could be dedicated to building. I designed my garden’s layout first so I could accomplish it long-term in stages. It also allowed me to start simple. I made my beds very close together like sleeping bags at my 14th birthday party, utilizing as much square footage as I could, but I certainly would recommend being a bit more gracious on your mobility.\nWe started with one raised bed built from leftover corrugated steel, made it tall for ease of movement, and filled up over half with tree logs, sticks, grass clippings, junk topsoil, and then compost and soil. It was a process similar to Hugelkultur. The bed measures about 3’x9′ total, which is a good chunk of space to work with. The photo above is our second year, complete with glorious pallet picket fence and one of the many barrels used for raised bed planting. Franken-farming is how we operate as much as possible to save. You can see some of the many milk jug greenhouses I had set up with native Ohio wildflowers inside. This year I have over 100, including a few vegetables.\nAre you comfortable with the bedding?\nAlthough not unfamiliar with horticulture, this was my first homestead with extensive space of my own to grow on my terms outside of small container gardening. I started easy with lettuce, cucumber, zucchini, tomatoes, and peppers, keeping what I knew and adding two I had never grown before. Get a feel of your vegetable beds; feel the soil, check moisture retention, and observe how your crops grow. Starting easy by simplifying allows you to evaluate plants easier. Then take steps further the following year.\nLessons in Lettuce\nLettuce is an easy and fast-growing crop for a beginner that provides great lessons.\n- Plant seeds in rows 2 weeks apart. This allows for a rotating harvest.\n- Easy to harvest greens for immediate meals.\n- Loves cooler weather; plants bolting and going to seed as the weather warms up can provide next year’s seeds and give a lesson in seed gathering, heirlooms, and storage.\n- Succession planting.\n- Great companion plant to onions, carrots, radishes, and basil; also easy plants for a beginner.\n- Controlling pests and preferred methods.\nBells & Whistles\nThere are a lot of great resources out there to assist a novice, but also providing great insight to an expert. Getting the best out of our land for the greater good of our household is a gift much desired.\nI really like Clyde’s Garden Planner, which is an inexpensive and wonderful guide. It is easy to use and very helpful. A tool like this helps to time planting succession.\nWhat is your favorite tool or guide?\nSome plants, like radishes, lettuce, and spinach, are ready to harvest quickly. These are easy to tuck into areas for fresh produce all season, but what if an entire plot was dedicated to spinach that could then be canned, frozen, or dehydrated for storage? What plans do you have for replacing these?\nThere is also the switchover for many of us from Spring to Fall crops (depending on your zone). Juggling the choices can be daunting. Radishes are excellent fillers for open spaces.\nIf I can’t plant tomatoes and peppers until late May, what options are there?\nCompanion planting is not exclusive to vegetables, but it is something we can witness quite easily compared to trees and shrubs. If starting with lettuce, group onions nearby; add basil to your tomato patch. There are many combinations, but experience will help you to get better acquainted with good neighbors.\nChange the Sheets\nUpdating your layout each year will allow you to make decisions based on what you have learned. Keep a journal of your plants to document your experience and review for the next. Also, note the vegetables you enjoyed vs those that were less than impressive. Taking a step further, you can add quantity of harvest, amount preserved long term, and methods.\nDue to my husband being deployed, I am scaling down my garden difficulty. This layout is Butterfly Pea, Tigger Melon, Bush Beans, Chamomile, Borage, and Lemongrass.\nLeaning on the gardening experience and wisdom of ladies in my local Chapter has given me a lot of confidence to set aside my fears and dive into new challenges within my homestead. I hope that my lessons and tidbits build up that Community of Friendship with Knowledge; the three goals that evoke so much support and love; which I am grateful for deeply.\nI look forward to adventuring in horticulture and other homestead topics with you. What vegetable are you trying new this year? What was your favorite last year? Questions?\nMany blessings to your crops!\nThe Misty Mushroom; Oak Harbor, OH\nEducational Coordinator of LHG of Sandusky County\nExcellent article and I love how you are pictured wearing your actual gardening clothes. Pics in magazines always show people doing garden tours in dresses with makeup and it is annoying, lol! This is real and lovely.\nI appreciate this! I am wearing the Rosie’s Overalls from https://rosiesworkwear.com/, they are a women owned business and the garments are well made. VIP members get a discount, which was one reason I looked them up!\nJulie this is excellent!!! I love it !!! You did such a great job . I was trying to figure out how we were going to do our garden this year and you have given me a very good start. Thank you so much!!!!\nThank you so much! I can’t wait to see what you accomplish for this year! Keep me posted!\nThank you Wendy! It certainly gives me life to watch others accomplish their gardens and I keep trying to achieve greater goals each year. Much luck!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growers are stewards of the land. Their passion, livelihood and being depends on caring for our planet—whether that be the soil, air, or water—they know that their actions make a difference for the planet we all call home. We’re highlighting two Trust Protocol growers from opposite regions of the Cotton Belt to learn more about how they strive for continuous improvement for more sustainable cotton production.\nLamont Bridgeforth, U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol Grower, Alabama\nLamont Bridgeforth has operated Bridgeforth Farms in Alabama full-time for more than two decades, working alongside his father, uncle, and cousins. After receiving a bachelor’s degree in business management from Auburn University in 2001, Lamont immediately returned to the farm bringing with him an understanding of business that helps him operate all aspects. Lamont has a drive for continuous improvement and a love for farming. These attributes are shared among the Bridgeforths—as they work to ensure their learnings can be passed to future generations.\nTed Sheely, U.S. Cotton Trust Protocol Grower, California\nTed Sheely is a widely recognized farmer, businessman, and leader in the agriculture industry. He’s known for his ability to keep his eyes on the future, carefully plan and meticulously manage his farm’s resources. He has a passion for continual learning, and after graduating from the University of Arizona, he participated in the California Agricultural Leadership Program. He then became president of Azcal Management Company in Lemoore. To further feed his desire for learning, Ted has been active in both Cotton Council International and the National Cotton Council. He received the 2021 Cotton Grower Cotton Achievement Award for his service, impact, and contributions to cotton production and marketing in California and across the country.\nQ1. How do you utilize the data you receive as a member of the Trust Protocol in your farming decisions?\nLamont: Farming is becoming increasingly data-driven as the industry has shifted to using verified information to drive sustainable decision making. We use the data we receive from the Trust Protocol to track measurable sustainability outcomes and constantly improve. We take the feedback from the Trust Protocol, along with historical analytics we compile with meteorological data, that allows us to make more informed crop management decisions. For example, we combine this data with our drip irrigation plan to prevent overwatering—so we make the most of every drop. From this, we’ve seen an 80% reduction in our water usage compared to conventional irrigation. We take pride in our innovative approach to adopting the latest technology, such as precision agriculture systems, irrigation monitoring and GPS mapping to maximize the efficiency and sustainability of our operations.\nTed: One of the primary reasons I joined the Trust Protocol is because of the data we receive as growers. This data empowers us to continuously identify areas for improvement and focus our efforts accordingly. The more sustainable we are—the healthier our soils are, our inputs are reduced, our energy efficiency improves, which results in more sustainably grown cotton. We are always working to be forward-thinking and considering how we can improve our growing practices. I may be known to drive around with a shovel and soil probe in my vehicle because I’m constantly checking our soil. I’m in my fields every day keeping track of our plants, soil, moisture levels, insect activity, to help ensure our crops are healthy, productive, and only receiving what they need when they need it.\nQ2. As a cotton grower, in what ways has technology helped you improve your environmental stewardship practices?\nLamont: We are continually using technology and science-based methods to increase the productivity of our farm. We work to use our natural resources as efficiently as possible, and I think this has helped our farm survive what Mother Nature sends our way—everything from drought to tornadoes. For example, we use drip irrigation and monitor soil moisture levels to conserve water that would have evaporated if applied on the soil surface. We also use analytics to compile historical and meteorological data to prevent overwatering. As the agriculture industry continues to change based on available technology, farming will become even more of a data-driven science, and we’ll continue to incorporate this into our practices.\nTed: We use technology to increase efficiency, boost production, and maximize productivity for greater sustainability. Part of striving for continuous improvement is being open to learning from my peers about how to best use available technologies and strategies. I had the opportunity to meet another cotton grower from Mississippi, who many considered a pioneer in our industry. I learned about a project he was working on with the Department of Agriculture and NASA, known as the USDA/NASA Ag 20/20 Program. The goal of the program was to accelerate the use of remote sensing and geospatial technology on-farm to help increase agriculture’s productivity, reduce crop production risks, and improve environmental stewardship tools for agricultural production. For me it made sense to try these technologies in California where it’s sunny for most of the summer to prove how effective these technologies are. We have also used monitoring equipment placed strategically in our fields to evaluate our water usage. We found that we were not over or underwatering; however, the duration between waterings was too long to maximize the value of our system. To address this, we added another piece of technology to help control the irrigation valves and pumps. This reduced variability, increased our yield, and reduced our costs.\nQ3. What growing practices have you adopted on your farm to be more sustainable?\nLamont: Our farm is managed with strip-tillage and uses a subsurface drip irrigation system and soil moisture monitoring equipment. Strip-tillage is a form of conservation tillage that helps slow wind and water movement, which reduces erosion and helps retain moisture within the soil. We use drip irrigation and carefully monitor soil moisture levels to conserve as much water as possible. We also grow cover crops to boost soil health and manage weeds.\nTed: In an environment where water impacts almost every decision we make, it’s important to use our water as efficiently as possible. All our acres are drip irrigated and we can put on as little as an inch of water and spread it around quickly. With the accuracy of our drip irrigation system, we are able to increase our yields—meaning we are growing more cotton on the same amount of land. We also use cover crops to protect the soil. Cover crops are beneficial because they help reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility, and soil quality. They also help manage water, weeds, pests, and disease, and promote biodiversity.\nQ4. What do you view as keys to your success as a sustainable grower?\nLamont: My family’s cooperation, perseverance, and passion are key to our success. We are always working to be more creative and adaptable in order to continue responding to challenges. We are passionate about sustainability, our community, the agriculture industry, and the planet. We will pass down what we’ve learned to the next generation and will teach them the importance of continuous improvement because we want to leave not only our farm, but the planet, in better shape for future generations.\nTed: I think that my willingness to learn, adapt, and cooperate is a key to success. In agriculture, we are affected by a myriad of issues from inflation to weather conditions—so it is crucial to continuously learn and grow. I always urge growers, especially younger generations, to get involved in the industry. I’ve met so many wonderful people this way. Many of us in the industry have similar goals and concerns. My involvement allows me to share my knowledge with other growers and learn from them to implement more sustainable practices. I pass down my practices and what I’ve learned to my children, who are all landowners and part of our operation. I am learning from my children too–one of my sons runs the technology side of our operation. I’m big on planning and want to make sure that the younger generations can take over the farm someday if they want to.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Webinar on the Plant Genetic Resources Strategy for Europe\nOn 21 January 2022, the Strategy was presented to the ECPGR Steering Committee in a webinar.\nThe Plant Genetic Resources Strategy for Europe – developed over three years in consultation with a wide range of experts and stakeholders in the context of the EU-funded GenRes Bridge project – aims to enhance the long-term conservation and enable the sustainable use of plant genetic resources.\nIn this webinar held on 21 January 2022, the Strategy was presented to the ECPGR Steering Committee\nMarianne Lefort, Chair, ECPGR Executive Committee\nLorenzo Maggioni, Secretary, ECPGR\nTheo van Hintum, Centre for Genetic Resources (CGN), The Netherlands", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Home \\ Brands Served \\ Attachments for John Deere Agriculture \\ Augers for John Deere Agriculture Augers for John Deere Agriculture Premier earth augers for John Deere Agriculture tractors have the quality and craftsmanship to get the job done right. We design our earth auger attachments to go well beyond just being compatible. We make sure they will work just as hard and be just as reliable as the equipment on which they are mounted. No other tool can unlock the power and potential of your tractor like a Premier earth auger. When attached to a John Deere Agriculture tractor, Premier earth augers have the durability to handle even the toughest digging conditions. You can drill holes from sunup to sundown for posts, planting, etc. without leaving the tractor’s seat. Premier’s hydraulic earth auger attachments are also much safer and simpler to use than the traditional 3 point PTO systems. No matter how large or small your operation, a Premier earth auger and John Deere Agriculture tractor are an unbeatable combination you can count on for your next project. Check out our tractor augers section for more information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BVD infection still circulating in NI\nThere was an increase in the number of animals that tested positive for BVD during post-mortem examinations in NI last year, according to new figures from AFBI.\nSean Fee from AFBI said that the annual total had been reducing since the start of the compulsory BVD programme in 2016, but last year’s increase shows that the virus is still circulating on local farms.\n“Almost 80% of the BVD virus positive cases occurred in the final quarter of 2020 from October to December, and of these final quarter positive cases, just over 46% were pneumonia cases,” he said.\nAnimals that test positive for BVD at post-mortem can be either transiently infected or persistently infected with the virus.\nTransiently infected animals pick BVD up after birth and usually recover, whereas persistently infected animals are infected in early pregnancy and shed the virus throughout their life.\nNew rapid phosphate test for soils\nA new test for phosphate levels in soils which delivers results within 20 minutes is being developed by scientists at Rothamsted Research in England.\nThe test kit, which was produced by Cornwall-based firm Vital Spark Creative, can be used under field conditions.\n“You put a small soil sample into the bottle and mix it with an extraction solution before passing it through a filter,” said the firm’s director Chris Booker.\n“You then add various chemicals to get the final result, which is analysed in a colorimeter so the result is easy to read,” he added.\nWork is ongoing to get the test available on the commercial market and further research is planned to produce tailored fertiliser recommendations for different crops and soil types.\nUFU urges growers to plan ahead\nCereal growers in NI should plan ahead and place orders with merchants well ahead of planting this autumn, the UFU has advised.\nIn a statement, the union said that along with representatives from Fane Valley, Agrii and DBS Farm Supplies, it was still seeking clarity from DEFRA and DAERA officials on autumn seed availability from Britain.\nUnder the terms of the NI Protocol, seed must be inspected and a phytosanitary certificate issued before it can move from a third country (Britain) into the EU regulatory zone, which includes NI.\n“While the current regulations allow for movement, it is vital that due to the limited seed selection farmers plan ahead and place orders now with their merchants. With forward planning, the UFU and trade representatives are hopeful seed ordered and placed in the system should be delivered on time,” said UFU deputy president William Irvine.\nUK tractor registrations see 75% increase\nThere was a 75% increase in the number of new tractors registered in the UK during May 2021 when compared to the same month last year.\nThe latest figures from the Agricultural Engineers’ Associaton (AEA) show that 1,103 new tractor registrations were recorded last month.\n“With the market facing disruptions due to COVID-19 a year ago, it is no surprise that UK agricultural tractor registrations in May 2021 were higher than they had been 12 months previously,” said Stephen Howarth from AEA.\nHowever, the figure for May 2021 is still slightly higher than normal and runs 10% above the five-year average for the month.\nIn the first five months of the 2021, there have been 5,371 new tractors registered in the UK. This is 21% higher than the same period in 2020 and is up 7% on the five-year average.\n£3m donation to Scottish farm charity", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Author ORCID Identifier\nYear of Publication\nMaster of Science (MS)\nAgriculture, Food and Environment\nAnimal and Food Sciences\nDr. Rachel Schendel\nDr. David Harmon\nHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is used in the United States as a source of CBD oil, fiber, and grain. While hempseeds are consumed whole or as dehulled hemp hearts, hempseed oil is also a desirable seed oil in human nutrition. The process of collecting hempseed oil leaves behind hempseed cakes that are abundant in protein and fiber. Feeding of hempseed cakes to animals, including ruminants, has only initially been explored. Extraction of CBD from hemp inflorescences generates organic waste that may find a second purpose as a fiber feed for cattle. Little is known about the exact fiber composition of hempseed or hemp inflorescences. Certain polymers are expected in the cell wall of dicotyledonous plants like hemp such as cellulose, xyloglucans, xylans, mannans, pectins, and lignin. Structural variation in the exact degree of branching and substitution types exist between plant species and tissue types, and these differences have impacts on interactions within the wall.\nTo characterize the cell wall polysaccharides of hempseeds, water-insoluble and water-soluble cell wall material was isolated from the ground and defatted, whole hempseeds (2SO4) hydrolysis and methanolysis, were employed to release monosaccharides which were separated and detected with HPAEC-PAD. Linkage types in the polysaccharides were determined by the generation and analysis of partially methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs) with GC-MS and GC-FID. Targeted enzymatic screenings were conducted to release xyloglucan oligosaccharides and pectic arabinans and galactans which were consequently analyzed with HPAEC-PAD/MS and HPAEC-PAD, respectively. Acetyl bromide soluble lignin was determined spectrophotometrically. Then, insoluble cell wall material was used as substrate in an experiment using the ANKOM DaisyII system to evaluate in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) with rumen inoculum. Intact and CBD-extracted inflorescences from two hemp cultivars were analyzed for their monosaccharide composition with Saeman hydrolysis and methanolysis, and their linkage types were assessed via the generation and analysis of PMAAs.\nThe analyses revealed an abundance of cellulose and xylans in the hempseed cell wall. Mannans, pectins, and xyloglucans were also identified. Xyloglucans in the hempseed cell wall were less substituted in the insoluble material than in the water-soluble material. Arabinans from hempseeds were both branched and linear, and the ABSL content of the hempseeds was 17.0 ± 1.0%. Fermentation of the insoluble hempseed cell wall material yielded an IVTD of 36.02 ± 2.91% after 48 hours. Analysis of hemp inflorescences revealed the same polysaccharide components, but a much smaller proportion of xylans and a larger proportion of arabinans. While co-extraction with supercritical CO2 and ethanol may have removed some pectins, it seems that cultivar has a greater impact on the polysaccharide profile of hemp inflorescences than the CBD extraction process. While resistant to microbial digestion, hempseed is fiber-rich and warrants further research in vivo to investigate its integration into ruminant diets and an exploration of the fiber impact on the human gut microbiome.\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\nAgbana, Miranda, \"PROFILING THE CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES OF HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.) INFLORESCENCE AND HEMPSEED AND EXPLORING THEIR APPLICATION AS RUMINANT FEED INGREDIENTS\" (2023). Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences. 147.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Co-founder & Director\nAshwini has over 20 years of experience in working with rural communities. He has been instrumental in developing robust community institutions, promoting sustainable agriculture through agroecology, and regenerative and agriculture, etc. and has supported in establishing inclusive community-based enterprises across agri-horti-ntfp-livestock sectors, through public-private-community partnerships for economic well-being of communities and initiating a process for food system transformation.\nHe has worked extensively in India and Bangladesh and has been actively involved in developing enterprise promotion strategies and inclusive business models through a gender inclusive, environment friendly, market responsive value chain-based approach.\nHe has led and supported multiple assignments for The World Bank, GIZ, DFID, IFAD, JICA, GAIN, FAO, The Nudge Institute, SWISSAID, and SWISSCONTACT etc. He is trained as a CII-certified Sustainability Assessor to assess the operations of business entities from the lens of sustainability and is trained to use FAO’s Rural Invest tool which aids in preparation of Investment (Business) Plans.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "https://leereich.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Cardoon-252C-blanching.jpg 1024 749 Lee A. Reich https://leereich.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/header-home-link-247x54-2.png Lee A. Reich2014-05-22 21:48:002014-07-14 15:16:01What’s New Farmdenly?\nIn this early part of the growing season, I’m frequently asked, “So what new and exciting plants are you growing in the garden this year?” And just as frequently, I can’t think of anything. Not that gardening isn’t “new and exciting” every year, what with the vagaries of the weather and pests, and their interaction with planting, pruning, and soil care.\nWell, this year I can think of at least four new and exciting plants I’m growing.\nI actually have grown cardoon before, perhaps 25 years ago. And up until this weekend, I had no desire to ever grow it again. The plant is like a giant celery with spiny stalks that must be tied together so that they get blanched and edible. Or supposedly edible, once you removed the tough strings running down each stalk. Blanching and de-stringing was a lot of trouble, too much trouble for me considering the taste of what of the tough stalk after being cooked.\nThis weekend, two people at my grafting workshop digressed from grafting to wax enthusiastic over cardoon. Evidently, my problems 25 years ago were growing the wrong variety and cooking it poorly. I’m not sure if any varieties were available back then, but I was convinced to order seed of the suggested variety, Gobbo di Nizza (Hunchback of Nice), and will sow them in pots as soon as they arrive.\nOnce the weather warms reliably, I’ll plant out two or three small plants, giving them rich soil. Once the plants are three feet high, I’ll mound some soil or wood chips up around their bases and tie the leaves together to blanch them, then a few weeks later, cut down the four-foot-tall monsters for eating. I was told that they taste like artichoke, a close relative.\nIn warm winter regions, cardoon grows as a perennial. If winter’s were warm here, I’d plant cardoon even if they tasted awful. That’s because in their second year, they send up six-foot-high stalks capped with bottlebrushes of cerulean blue flowers that sit in an artichoke-y base.\nI’ve also previously grown — or tried to grow — the second of this year’s N&EP (“new and exciting plants”), King Red Russian olive. It’s a variety of Russian olive, native to Afghanistan, that, instead of bearing the usual innocuous silvery green fruits, bears bright red fruits. The fruits contrast nicely with the silvery green leaves — and taste pretty good.\nFor some reason, King Red doesn’t like our summer weather, probably the humidity. My plant of yore grew fine until sometime in July, when it collapsed, dead. Others in the humid East have had similar experiences.\nOut West, King Red, which was introduced as a conservation plant decades ago by the USDA, grows fine. Too fine, so that it is now listed as an invasive plant out there, along with regular old, green-fruited Russian olive. (Sometimes they are listed so in the East also, although they seem pretty sedate around these parts.)\nI’m thinking that somewhere in the genes of King Red, which is a seed propagated variety, not a clone, might lie genes that can tolerate our summer climate. To that end, I got my hands on seeds left from a bag of imported, dried King Red fruits; I’ll sow them all and hope for the best. (I once tasted the dried fruits; they are like sweet talcum powder, enclosed within a brittle “shell.”) The fruits parade under a number of aliases: Trebizond date, lotus tree. Botanically, it’s Elaeagnus angustifolia var. orientalis.\nAnother fruit, Ficus Afghanistanica, or mountain fig tree, is among my N&EP. With more than a half-dozen fig varieties in my not very fig friendly climate, you’d think I had enough figs. Mountain fig tree is worth a try for its hardiness, by some accounts to well below zero degrees F. Of less importance here in the humid East is its drought tolerance, which may be related and help with its cold hardiness.\nAlso on the plus side, the plant has decorative leaves, similar to common fig leaves except pointed at their tips.\nOn the negative, there’s some question as to whether this fig needs pollination, something most fig varieties do not need. If so, a special pollinator variety would be needed as well as some means to get the pollen into the eye of each fruit at the right time. A syringe filled with pollen? Figs that need pollination normally get their pollen with the help of Blastophagus, which are tiny wasps that, laden with pollen, enter the eyes of developing fruits to lay eggs and, in so doing, inadvertently pollinate the flowers within.\nThe buttery pleasure of eating hickory nuts is offset by the tediousness of cracking and shelling them. That’s shagbark hickories (Carya ovata), which are native throughout eastern U.S.\nShellbark hickories (C. lacinosa) have similar nut flavor and shape, except that they are two or three times larger, so you get more bang for your buck with each nut you crack. Walking just a quarter of a mile in any direction, I’d be likely to find some shagbark hickory nuts on the ground but nary a shellbark hickory. The latter species is found mostly along the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and bordering regions; nowhere, though, is it common.\nSo I ordered trees from Nolin River Nut Tree Nursery, and not just any old shellbark trees, but the varieties Simpson and Selbhers. Both are billed as heavy bearing and producing nuts medium to large nuts with excellent cracking qualities. Very “new and exciting;” I hope to enjoy the nuts of my labor in 5 to 10 years.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(1,3;1,4)-β- D-glucan (β-glucan) is a plant cell wall hemicellulose and a main component of endosperm cell walls. The Cellulose Synthase F family of genes is involved in the synthesis of β-glucan. In this study full-length genomic sequences of CslF6 were obtained from multiple Avena species. Three unique alleles were found in each A. sativa line. Comparisons of these alleles to diploid Avena species allowed for identification of the genomic origin of each allele. The A and D genome alleles had identical amino acid sequences while the C-genome had 13 different amino acids. Global expression of CslF6 was completed at three developmental time point and three tissue types. RNAseq technology was utilized to determine genome specific expression patterns. Differential expression of genome specific-copies of CslF6 was found at all time points tested. Lower levels of C-genome expression of CslF6 were associated with increased levels of B-glucan.\nCollege and Department\nLife Sciences; Plant and Wildlife Sciences\nBYU ScholarsArchive Citation\nCoon, Melissa A., \"Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.)\" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 3750.\nβ-glucan, differential expression, Avena sativa, oat, cslf6", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growing Calendar for Sweet Pea Unwins Super Fragrant Mix- Seeds\nDelivery: 5-7 Working Days\nA superb blend of top quality varieties.\nBeautiful colours, large, wavy flowers on long, strong stems all with a wonderful fragrance.\nWonderful for home and garden.\nItems themselves are excellent\nGood germination rates. Strong scent. Flower heads on strong straight stalks. I'm growing again next year\nSown and germination is evident - too early to give a fuller review.\nSee details on the size of the plants and how we deliver our various plants to you!\nOur products are all grown with the utmost care and to high standards of quality. We regularly check our nursery stock to determine exactly when they will be at the optimum time for despatch.\nWe despatch our fresh, nursery-grown live plants (including vegetables, trees and flowers) when they are at a stage of growth ready for you, the customer, to plant on at home.\nThe delivery period shown on your order confirmation indicates when you can expect to receive your order and we will endeavour to despatch your plants in this period within 7-14 days\nStrong growing varieties! ... More\nPack Quantity: 50 Seeds\nDelicious, Purple spears! ... More\nPack Quantity: 16x Broccoli Plants", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Do Amazon Sword Plants Need Substrate?\nAmazon sword plants are a type of aquatic plant that is commonly found in many aquariums. This plant is known for its hardy nature and ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions. It is also very popular due to its attractive foliage and its ability to coexist with other aquatic plants. However, many people wonder if Amazon sword plants need substrate in order to thrive in an aquarium.\nThe short answer is yes, Amazon sword plants do need substrate in order to do well in an aquarium. Substrate is the material that lies at the bottom of the tank and provides a place for the roots of the plants to attach and absorb nutrients. Without substrate, the Amazon sword plants will struggle to survive.\nTypes of Substrate\nThere are several types of substrate that can be used for Amazon sword plants. The most popular type is aquarium gravel, which is small pieces of gravel that can be found at most pet stores. Aquarium gravel is relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain. It also helps to keep the water clean and clear.\nAnother type of substrate that can be used is sand. Sand is a great choice for those who want a more natural look in their aquarium. Sand can also help to promote healthy root growth and is easier to plant roots in than gravel. However, sand can be more difficult to clean and maintain.\nThe depth of the substrate is also important when it comes to Amazon sword plants. The substrate should be deep enough that the roots of the plant can reach down and get the nutrients they need. Generally speaking, the substrate should be at least two inches deep. If the substrate is too shallow, the roots of the plant will not be able to get the nutrients they need.\nIn addition to providing a place for the roots of the Amazon sword plants to attach and absorb nutrients, the substrate can also be fertilized. Fertilizing the substrate will provide additional nutrients for the plants and help them to grow faster and healthier. Fertilizers can be added directly to the substrate or mixed in with the water.\nBenefits of Substrate\nUsing a substrate for Amazon sword plants has many benefits. Substrate helps to provide a place for the roots to attach and absorb nutrients. It also helps to keep the water clean and clear. Additionally, substrate can help to promote healthy root growth and create a more natural look in the aquarium.\nIt is important to keep the substrate clean and free of debris. This can be done by regularly vacuuming the substrate and removing any dead leaves or other debris. Additionally, it is important to keep an eye on the pH levels of the water and make sure that the substrate is not becoming too acidic.\nIn conclusion, Amazon sword plants do need substrate in order to do well in an aquarium. Substrate provides a place for the roots to attach and absorb nutrients, helps to keep the water clean and clear, and can help to promote healthy root growth. Substrate should be at least two inches deep and should be kept clean by regularly vacuuming it and removing any dead leaves or other debris.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A search for more diversity in his cropping program on his north Queensland sugarcane farm led Bryan Granshaw to a scholarship in 2012, and a world of opportunity. The Dalbeg farmer used his scholarship to research intercropping, or a combination of two crops growing simultaneously in the same field.\n“Sugarcane is a perennial crop, it’s in the ground for up to five years, so there’s an issue there with a monoculture. It’s something we’ve looked at in the past, so I wanted to try and study this and find out what I could about what other people around the world are doing with diversity in their cropping programs,” Bryan explained.\nAfter travelling with his Nuffield colleagues through New Zealand, UK, the Netherlands, California, Mexico and Brazil, Bryan then returned to North America to drill down into his topic, with some unexpected responses!\n“I found that no one knew what sugarcane was so it was a real issue trying to find anything specifically done with sugarcane on a commercial basis, so the next best thing for me was to find out what other people were doing with other crops on a commercial basis. It was really important for me to look at commercial enterprises, so I found some guys in Canada that were growing field pea and canola, and some research people that had actually put some really solid research behind it,” he explained.\nBryan says despite encountering a lack of sugarcane knowledge and experience on his travels, his studies were more about validation of concept for his own industry.\n“I really wanted to understand if intercropping was just a feel-good thing or whether it could actually add value to our business and our industry. What I saw was even though I was in a different hemisphere with two different crops, the principles were still valid, so for me that was really encouraging,” he explained.\nBryan has been able to get a research project up and running with the University of Queensland to look at intercropping in sugarcane systems. While there are the obvious agronomic hurdles to overcome, Bryan believes a change in farm management is also important.\n“Thinking about how we farm has to change, because we’ve been conditioned to farm in a monoculture system, so for me the challenge is adapting our management style and our skills to incorporate such a crop.\"\nThe next level to that for Bryan is displaying to the broader community as a whole the value of his industry.\n“Sugarcane can really benefit from some diversity, so in five to ten years time I’d like intercropping to be common practice. I also hope that in managing our cropping systems better we can show the broader community that the sugarcane industry is a lot more beneficial than just producing sugar. For me that’s my ultimate game, to get the community as a whole to realise that the sugarcane industry is an asset and is something that can provide local energy, local fuel and something we can do domestically.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NEWS, EVENTS, RESOURCES AND MORE\nHave you ever driven past a cornfield or a dairy farm and wondered how food gets from the farm to your table? It's not as simple as you may think.\nPrior to the industrial revolution, available foodstuffs were limited to local and in season items. The machinery necessary to transport food long distances without spoiling didn't exist. Today's food supply chain has been highly refined, relies on calculated logistics, and utilizes advanced machinery to keep your table full of fresh food from anywhere in the world, at any time of year.\nThe modern food supply chain looks something like this:\nDuring production, farmers cultivate the fruit, vegetables, and livestock you provide your family. At this stage, Papé provides farmers the tools – like tractors and windrowers – necessary to plant, nurture, and harvest food for thousands of communities. With a little help from their Gator utility vehicles, they can easily and quickly maneuver through their property. Working on a farm requires the right pieces of equipment in order to save critical man hours while handling large yields.\nWhere does your food go after it leaves the farmer’s property? To processing. Here, your food is prepared, cleaned, and stored as it awaits the next steps in its journey from the farm to your dinner table. Like harvesting, processing requires several pieces of equipment like forklifts and pallet jacks that allow warehouse employees to quickly and effortlessly move the food from its spot in storage to the truck that distributes it to your local grocery store.\nFood distribution has to run and be maintained like a well-oiled machine. Distribution companies trust heavy duty trucks like Kenworth from Papé to keep their products fresh in temperature controlled trailers. With the reliable Kenworth trucks and the best portable environment, distribution companies can ensure the food you put on your table is as fresh as the day it started its journey.\nOnce at the grocery store, Papé Material Handling equipment reduces the need for manual heavy lifting. Stores depend on this equipment to keep an even and fresh stock of goods on the shelves so you’re only buying the best. These Hyster and Yale forklifts allow your store to transport, warehouse, and display fruits, vegetables, meat and dairy products for you and your family.\nThe right equipment makes it easier for companies to control costs at every point in the food supply chain so they can continue to provide the food that you and your family enjoy every day. Now, as you sit down for dinner tonight, you know a little bit more about how your food got from the farm to your fork. And, if you're in Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, Idaho, or Nevada, there's a good chance that Papé had a hand in getting it there.\nWe have more than 70 locations in the West.View our Locations", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "All Year - (In season now)\nWhat's here: (Click for recipes) Chicken\nWe are a small family farm in Watertown. We are pasture raising non gmo ,soy free eggs, whole chickens, and turkeys. We also have small gardens and sell small quantities of produce. We never spray any of our produce or fields and are running a transparent farm and invite everyone to visit the farm and ask any questions.\nour Facebook page is Little Belly Farm and our Instagram is @littlebellyfarm\nLast modified: Thu Jun 20 2019\nWe do our best to keep this guide accurate, but farming is a dynamic\noccupation, things change fast. It is a good idea to call and verify\nany of the information in this guide before you plan a trip to a\nfarm. Also, please be considerate. The farms in this guide are working\nfarms as well as residences in many cases. If you think of yourself\nmore as a valued guest than a customer you'll have a great experience.\nCall to Farmers\nWe are looking for farmers growing crops, or anyone we\nmay have missed. If you are not included in this guide and\nwould like to make sure your farm, farmers market or retail\noperation is listed in the future, please get in touch. You\ncan call Lisa at 1-615-677-6645 or email@example.com\nuse our online form\nThanks for growing!\n(coming to the table?)\nWe make no guarantee as to the quality of any produce or product from\na farm or to anyone's growing practices. We're only providing a guide\nto local farms and invite you to find your favorites.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Homesteading necessitates diversity to avoid waste: an observation of the natural order within the created world.\nThe USDA has estimated that 30-40% of the food supply within the United States is wasted, usually ending up in landfills. Additionally, the average family in the U.S. produces 6,570 pounds of trash every year according to HWH Environmental.\nNot only that, but the same source states that 1,200 pounds of that same trash is really compostable waste.\nWhat are we doing? How on earth did we get here?\nIn order to understand how to fix the problem, I think it is important to start with how we got here. It didn’t happen overnight, and fixing it also won’t happen overnight.\nBy the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the Industrial Revolution, begun in the mid 1700’s, was well ingrained in society. Food production was commercialized and factory production of numerous mass manufactured goods was ramping into full-swing, bringing in its wake a new era of waste.\nWith food cost being so low, and large quantities being readily available for the first time, it became easy for the majority of people to allow waste into their lives. Where letting food go bad and simply throwing it out was unthinkable before the industrial revolution, it became much more common place post-industrial revolution.\nComposting, feeding leftover food scraps to livestock, specifically chickens and pigs, became less frequent. With food being cheap and accessible, why bother utilizing every scrap for some purpose within the home economy?\nThis created issues with garbage being thrown out windows and into streets, creating an environment that was ripe for pests and disease to thrive. It was a problem.\nInstead of focusing on ways to mitigate waste, society, post-industrial revolution, just began looking for ways of removing said waste from public spaces. In 1839, a Dutchman began what would later turn into Waste Management when he started collecting trash for a small fee in Chicago.\nFollowing WWII, the agriculture industry saw introduction of chemical fertilizers, a byproduct of leftover ammonium nitrate no longer needed for making explosives. Application of chemical fertilizers, while overall damaging to the land as a whole, produced such a boost in production that there was suddenly too much food.\nIn response to this issue, the answer again was not to look at utilization issues, but rather to begin exporting food to impoverished countries in the 1950’s and then the development of the garbage disposal in the same decade.\nAs a country we had officially begun the slippery slope into a mindset of convenience, consumerism and waste production. No longer did we, as a society, remember the practical no-waste methods practiced by our ancestors for generations.\nWe just consumed and threw away.\nPatterns Within the Natural World\nI think it behooves us to look at the natural patterns for waste that God designed in nature for answers on how to deal with waste.\nGod looked at everything he had made, and found it very good.Genesis 1:31\nAt the very beginning of creation God looked at the vast array of His work and saw it to be good. We must always keep this in mind. Nothing God created was ever bad. It was all good.\nNow, given our fallen nature, and the fallen state of our world due to Original Sin, we must also understand that nothing in this world is perfect. We make mistakes and the natural world, while still good, also bears the weight of the fall. Nothing in the world retains the original perfection.\nThat said, everything within nature follows God’s rhythm much more closely than we are apt to at times, which can give us clues on how we are to live. And, for our purposes specifically, in what ways nature handles waste.\nFirst, we see it through the seasons.\nSpring brings new life and new growth in all aspects of nature, from the grass and trees to the birds and animals. It is a time for renewal and beginning again, when nature seems to look forward with vigor and excitement to the beginning cycle of growth.\nSummer is generally viewed as the season of production and harvest. Fruit of all types abound in the natural world. It is a time to gather and enjoy the natural glut of produce nature gives, when the young animals grow and life seems at it’s prime.\nFall is when we begin to really see nature’s recycling system come into play in a big way. With leaf fall and the dying back of this year’s growth, organic matter is provided to cover the earth like a blanket. It returns nutrients back to the soil and protects the ground and tender life from the coming winter’s cold. Though the year’s growth seems to have perished, it continues to provide a need within the natural world that promulgates growth in the following year. It isn’t wasted.\nWinter is a time of rest. The trees have gone dormant and other vegetation has perished or done the same. The animals burrow into the ground to stay warm, awaiting the warmth of spring to come again.\nOther ways nature handles waste.\nThe seasons, while providing the most obvious cyclicity and examples of utilizing everything, contain many more nuanced examples that are less glaring to the naked eye.\n- Decaying matter\n- Fungus and other organisms feeds on decaying plant and animal matter within the wild, returning the nutrients back to the larger system.\n- Nutrient Cycles\n- Nutrients contained in plant material is taken up by insects who are then eaten by birds and continues on up the food chain.\n- Once the largest predator in the food chain finally dies, fungus take and break it back down into nutrients for the soil, which feeds the plants. Thus starting the cycle over.\nThe need for diversity.\nEverything in nature feeds off of the diversity within the system. This is how the natural world functions.\nYou wouldn’t expect your children to assimilate all of the nutrients they need from one single type of food. The same is true for the natural world.\nPasture land naturally contains numerous plant species, all of which are necessary for that ecosystem to thrive and sustain ruminant life. Forests aren’t just made up of one kind of tree species. They contain numerous types of trees, to say nothing of the incredible diversity of the undergrowth.\nYou also don’t just see one kind of animal subsisting in any ecosystem within nature. There are hundreds, if not thousands of living species making up any ecosystem. Without this diversity, the natural world would collapse, because each species provides some specific need that is crucial for life to continue.\nWhat Does This Have to do With Diversity on the Homestead?\nAs a disclaimer to this section…given the amount of plastic and other non-natural products that saturate the consumer markets, it is important to note that we live in a time where not everything can be recycled within the normal boundaries of the natural order. At least not quickly.\nWilliam Cobbett, in his pre-WWI book Cottage Economy, talks extensively about utilizing everything within the home including: spent brewing grains, extra milk, garden produce and the list goes on.\nShawn and Beth Daugherty also speak extensively about reducing external inputs on the homestead by utilizing ‘waste’ products to fill in the gaps.\nWhat does this look like?\n- Extra milk/whey can be fed to pigs, chickens, dogs, and cats to supplement (or, in some cases, replace) feed.\n- Frost-killed garden plants act as mulch for the next year’s garden, just chop and drop!\n- Egg shells are a great calcium supplement for chickens or in the garden as long as you roast and crumble them first.\n- Kitchen scraps can be fed to chickens or composted for use in the garden.\n- Cardboard and brown paper bags can make a weed barrier in the garden, or shred them and use as mulch.\n- Old SCOBY’s can be fed to chickens as a nutrient dense feed or composted along with other kitchen scraps.\nA mindset shift.\nLooking at the ‘waste’ on your homestead as a way of filling input gaps requires a change in mindset. We simply cannot maintain the golden standard of production on our homesteads, namely mono-cropping and ‘mono-animaling.’\nWithout the various products provided from a well diversified operation, recycling of waste products becomes virtually impossible. If you don’t have livestock, you don’t have nitrogen rich manure to add fertility to your land. If you don’t have a diversity of plant life, you have increased pest and disease pressure and less produce.\nWe have to start looking at things differently. We can’t keep viewing our systems and our world as a wealth of resources to consume and thrown out.\nIf we want to live as God intended, and start acting as proper stewards of the things He has given us, we need to start watching and emulating the systems He has put in the natural world for recycling waste and reusing it in a diverse system.\nPractical applications for diversified systems.\n- Plant different crops, herbs, and bushes next to each other to encourage beneficial interactions (companion planting).\n- Underplant herbs and flowers in an orchard to reduce pest pressure provide increased nutrient uptake (permaculture guilds).\n- Raise more than one type of animal to take advantage of the grazing and browsing habits of each (pruning to maintain your land).\n- Utilize animals as a way of increasing fertility within your garden and pastures via manure.\n- Grow a diversity of crops within your garden to encourage healthy soil and decreased pest and disease pressure.\nThe list could go on indefinitely. Your only limitations are imagination and access to resources.\nWhile eliminating all waste is virtually impossible in our consumer driven world, we can mitigate the effects on our own homesteads. By looking at the diversity within the natural world and mimicking it on our homesteads, we can start to utilize some of the ‘waste’ that would otherwise not be utilized within the system.\nWe’d love to hear how you are utilizing waste products on your homestead! Leave a comment below and let us know 🙂", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Natural and organic merchandise are becoming a lot more and far more well-known with equally espresso and foodstuff products. Numerous buyers are consuming organic on a everyday basis, so it would only make perception that coffee is getting to be a top selection. One particular of the primary reasons that folks are preferential to natural and organic merchandise is because they are risk-free for the surroundings, and they do not use any chemical pesticides. That is precisely why it is essential to locate out what you need to have to know about ingesting a secure cup of Joe!\n1 of the major benefits to drinking natural and organic espresso is simply because it is eco-friendly. The methods of organic and natural farming perform to maintain the fertility of the soil, and the crops are also developed without any poisonous pesticides or severe fertilizers. Another massive benefit that is not to be in excess of looked is that organic and natural espresso is entire of nutrition and vitamins. When you drink espresso that is accredited as a hundred% organic, it will provide you with a assortment of antioxidants. A single of the main payoffs to ingesting espresso that is complete of anti-oxidants is that it can defend your cells from injury to prevent condition and premature getting older. The bottom line is that if you want to continue to be healthy and look youthful, then natural and organic coffee far better be in your cup!\nOne of the main factors that natural and organic coffee is complete of anti-oxidants is simply because it is developed in fertile soil that is wealthy in nutrients. Natural and organic espresso does have caffeine, just as normal espresso does, but it is in the pure sort due to the fact there are no chemical compounds used during the processing. If you are seeking to consume decaf coffee, then it is crucial that you drink organic. One particular of the primary factors is that a lot of techniques of decaf coffee processing can include chemical compounds, which could be hazardous to you as a customer. eco coffee pods use the Swiss Water Technique, which decaffeinates espresso in a organic way with no any poisonous substances. If you are a decaf espresso drinker, it will be significantly much more useful to your overall health to consume decaf espresso that is qualified as organic. The Swiss Water Approach only uses water to eliminate any caffeine articles from the espresso beans.\nIn summary, it is crucial to make sure that your coffee is accredited as organic with the USDA Organic seal on any bag of coffee beans. This seal proves that the high quality elements with the coffee solution are at least ninety five% organic and natural, and they are qualified by the US Section of Agriculture. Numerous times, you will also see a label printed as Natural and organic or 100% Organic.\nWhen you take into account how several wellness positive aspects there are in organic and natural espresso alone, it would be mad not to drink it. Organic espresso is harvested in soil that is a lot more fertile since of crop rotation, so it has far more vitamins to offer you you in your daily cup of Joe. If you want the ideal antioxidant advantages without having the use of pesticides, then pick organic and natural Java every single time!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We’re running a contest and giving away a backyard vegetable garden prize pack valued at $100 this month! Thank you to Smart Pots, Burpee, and Seeding Square for sponsoring this month’s giveaway!\nOne lucky winner will receive a Smart Pots Big Bag Bed Jr, a 20 gallon Smart Pot, a $25 gift card from Burpee, and a Seeding Square!\nAlthough February can usher in some of our coldest temperatures of the year, it’s also the beginning of the planting season for many different foods! It’s also a great time to start planning your garden for the year and ordering seeds. Our free iOS, Android, & Web app makes growing food simple and I’m going to talk about some of the things you can start planting in February in Oklahoma.\nThis update adds 350 Burpee products to shop from like greenhouses, grow lights, and other growing supplies to our From Seed to Spoon mobile app that makes gardening & growing food simple! We’re also excited to announce we’ve negotiated a 10% discount for all of our users! Simply use the code STS2019 when checking out to receive 10% off your entire order! We also added fig and fennel to the app and more plants will […]\nDale talks about how you can start growing food in your own backyard or patio using our FREE app!\nDale had the honor of being the keynote speaker at the 2018 Thunder Plains software developer conference in Oklahoma City, OK on November 1st at the Cox Convention Center. He shared our story of why we started growing food and how we learned to code and built our app that makes growing food simple for everyone else! We released our app in January of 2018 and it was one of the top search results for […]\nBill Farris from Praire Wind Nursery joined Dale at the OKC Home + Garden show to talk about 10 different herbs that you can easily grow in your backyard or patio! We also talked about different ways we like to cook with each one as well as how you can preserve your harvest for later!\nWe were featured on the front page of the Daily Oklahoman this weekend! Click below to read all about how our app past over 80,000 downloads and about our new partnership with Burpee!\nThank you to the Moore Monthly for taking the time to sit down and chat with us! You can read their interview with us on their website, and you can also find our new monthly gardening column in each new episode of the Moore Monthly in 2019! http://www.mooremonthly.com/news/moore-man-turns-personal-challenges-into-wildly-popular-app\nEXCITING NEWS! This update adds integration with Burpee, one of the most trusted names in seeds! You can now see varieties from their extensive catalog of seeds and plants available to purchase directly through the app. We also make it easy for you to know which variety to buy with filters that narrow the list down to your reasons for growing that food!\nComposting leaves is an easy way to add nutrient rich material into your compost bin! Watch as Dale and the kids add in leaves to our compost bins and turn the compost.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "100% non-chemical, electronic surfactant technology, seamlessly implemented into your irrigation system\nOriginating from the oil & gas industry, and trusted by Fortune 100 companies, power plants, and tens of thousands of homeowners, Flow-Tech has introduced their technology to the world of agriculture. Backed by leading university studies dozens of field trials, Flow-Tech's water treatment technology has been validated as an electronic surfactant when applied to an irrigation system. After establishing baseline data and implementing Flow-Tech, making the right adjustments to your irrigation practices are crucial.\nFlow-Tech is utilized by...\nWith a reduced surface tension, Flow-Tech treated water is able to spread laterally and be absorbed by the soil more easily. The result includes an increased efficiency of irrigation, more plant available nutrients, and the ability to reduce overall water use.\nCalcium scale is wiped away\nJust as Flow-Tech is utilized in industrial and commercial scale control applications, the non-chemical technology prevents stubborn scaling and reduces the need for acid dosing.\nWatch a success story.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Stanwell Chirwa is 42 years old with a history of poaching wild animals in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. He admits to killing 11 elephants, more than 20 buffalo, and kudu and eland. Farming had been his main livelihood, but poor yields and low market prices pushed him into poaching. He was arrested once, but was acquitted in court. On a second occasion, Chirwa was apprehended but managed to escape. He knew his luck would run out someday, and his family would be far worse off if he did not stop poaching.\nPersistent hunger and poverty drive many small-scale farmers living near the wildlife-rich Luangwa Valley to poach. And law enforcement alone can’t stop them. It is too expensive and logistically difficult for the government to police the over 1,500 miles of park boundary to keep poachers out of the park. Animal counts across the Luangwa Valley indicate that from the 1970s to the 1990s, elephant numbers fell by more than half. More recent surveys show that wildlife has disappeared from parts of the valley where animals should occur. Researchers estimate that during the late 1990s poaching in the valley claimed the lives of 5,000 animals each year.\nOne day in 2008, a farm extension officer working for a company called Community Markets for Conservation (COMACO) approached Chirwa and explained that COMACO worked with small-scale farmers to improve yields and increase farm prices if practices such as poaching were abandoned. The officer managed to convince Chirwa to surrender his gun and join a COMACO producer group.\nChirwa’s life is very different today. He has since handed over all of his guns and earns a good living selling his soybeans, peanuts, and honey from more than 15 beehives, making far more money than he did as a poacher. He refuses to pass on his hunting skills to his children and has helped identify 12 other hunters in his home area, convincing them to abandon hunting in favor of the opportunities COMACO offers. He is currently advising the local chief on the development of a wildlife conservation area on community land outside the established national parks.\nChirwa’s story represents the core mission of COMACO: using markets to combat poverty and hunger and to promote conservation. As one of 684 former poachers working with the organization, he is part of an exciting new trend in Zambian conservation, with farm plows replacing guns and game meat. Thousands of other farmers who once relied on snaring wildlife to meet food shortfalls have surrendered their snares. Most have achieved self-reliance in food production. For all the farmers who comply with prescribed farming practices, the company offers a premium market price for purchased commodities. Products are sold under the brand name It’s Wild! Today, COMACO is working with over 45,000 small-scale farming families, exceeding $2.4 million in sales.\nAround the world, a growing number of conservationists are attempting a new approach to conservation: helping people in order to save wildlife. The basic argument is that for conservation projects to succeed, local people need to be on board. But one of the major challenges facing this new field is deciding how best to incentivize conservation at the household level. Previous attempts in Zambia relied on tourism-derived income that was channeled through community institutions. Typically, there was not enough money to have a meaningful impact on individuals in the community, or the money was used in ways that did not effectively address food security and household income. While the conservation community increasingly appreciated that food security and income must be linked with conservation results, it lacked a business model that could effectively drive and sustain these relationships. We think COMACO provides that model.\nCOMACO started in 2002, the product of over two decades of conservation research conducted by a team of Zambia-based conservationists working for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Our goal was to develop a strategy for protecting wildlife and habitat in the Luangwa Valley, one of Africa’s last great wildlife landscapes. It had been one of the major strongholds of the black rhino, but by the mid-1980s, illegal poaching had driven the species to extinction in the area, despite intense efforts to fight the problem with well-funded law enforcement strategies. During this time, the use of snares to poach wildlife became more common, possibly because it did not attract the attention of wildlife police officers.\nIt was clear to our team that not only was law enforcement alone unable to stop poaching, but efforts to use wildlife revenues to support community projects, such as the construction of schools and clinics, had generally failed to create real incentives for conservation. Thirty percent of the small farmers in the valley failed to grow enough grain to feed their families. For many, the choice was either poach wildlife to help supplement food and income, or watch their children go hungry and grow up without an education. Though private companies supporting agribusinesses operated in the areas outside Luangwa’s national parks, such companies tended to capitalize on cheap farm labor to grow cash crops, such as cotton and tobacco, and levels of food security did not significantly improve.\nSomewhere in this mix of farmer plight, poaching, and uneven access to farm markets, we believed there existed a business approach that could unite farming and conservation. The plan was to run an agro-processing business that would give valley farmers a financial incentive not to degrade their land and resources.\nCOMACO’s strategy is to offer farmers a higher market value for their farm commodities, if produced in ways that reduce soil loss, prevent unnecessary land clearing, and decrease such coping behaviors as poaching and charcoal making. To sustain these costs, the company manufactures farm-based commodities into processed, value-added food products and markets them as healthy, organic, and fair-priced.\nPerhaps we were naïve to think that COMACO could reverse the downward trends of land degradation and wildlife loss, especially where more established, well-funded development efforts had failed, but WCS’ research suggested that a business strategy targeting poor farmers was the right approach. The challenge was to convince potential investors. The first injection of operating capital came from the UN World Food Programme, in the form of free maize. COMACO offered farmers free maize to meet their food shortfalls, and, in exchange, the farmers adopted better farming practices and grew a greater variety of food crops. COMACO then promised to buy their new surplus at above average market prices. Local government authorities approved of COMACO’s approach and offered the fledgling company abandoned buildings for storing and processing commodities. These became the company’s first processing centers, later known as conservation trading centers, or CTCs. A few well-wishers helped COMACO buy some old trucks and simple food processing equipment, making the first CTC operational. Finally, the local communities partnering with COMACO provided what little infrastructure they could to help the company bulk surplus crops for dispatch to the CTC.\nResults have shown that farmer behaviors toward conservation can change dramatically when guided by market incentives and supported with the right training and inputs. With the help of a network of local staff and lead farmers, who provide year-round training and support to COMACO member farmers, tens of thousands of small-scale farmers have significantly improved their yields by adopting such new skills as making compost fertilizer, using a near-zero tillage method that reduces drought risk, growing new food crop varieties, and applying cover crops and agroforestry species to increase soil nutrients. This farmer extension approach is cost-effective and helps COMACO remain financially sustainable.\nThe COMACO model has attracted the interest of key donors, namely the Royal Norwegian Embassy, General Mills food processing company, Lundin Foundation, and Mulago Foundation. With their help, COMACO has been able to grow from a single CTC to six in seven years, serving the market needs of over 45,000 families through 73 community trading depots where farmers bring their commodities to sell. Its operations now cover much of the Luangwa Valley ecosystem, extending over 25,000 square kilometers. Total commodity production has more than doubled over the past two years, and the 2010 harvest surplus of rice, maize, cooking beans, groundnuts, soybeans, and honey purchased by COMACO exceeded 6,000 tons.\nWhether converted into value-added, processed products or simply sold as raw commodities in the open commodity market, crops that once had little value for valley farmers are now known and purchased by urban consumers throughout Zambia under the brand name It’s Wild! Consumer demand for It’s Wild! products has grown by over 100 percent annually in terms of annual sales since 2007, reaching $2.4 million in 2010. Commodity prices, in turn, have risen over twofold for most commodities since COMACO began, and farm families who grow the raw commodities for It’s Wild! products earn about 40 percent of the gross sales value of the product. Prior to COMACO, in 2000, valley farming families earned, on average, $80 per household per year. By 2009 household incomes for participating families had more than doubled. In addition, actual food production had increased by 37 percent, representing an added value of about $150 to household wealth.\nMaureen Zimba tells it best. She started selling rice to COMACO three years ago and earns over $500 annually. “I do not have to worry about my son getting into trouble poaching or my daughter falling into prostitution. They are both safe in school because my husband and I can now pay their school fees.”\nFarmers across Zambia have surrendered over 1,800 firearms and 70,000 snares, which they no longer need to make a living. To discourage cheating, COMACO makes it clear to communities that it will not buy their goods if they continue to poach. COMACO also offers a double premium if a community can encourage all of its known poachers to surrender their guns. These hunters are then invited to participate in a six-week training session with COMACO in which they develop skills to help them earn a better living. In these training sessions, former poachers learn carpentry, beekeeping, metalworking, and poultry husbandry. When they return home, they identify two to three other hunters who they will lead in their new craft. The group receives startup investments, tools, and other inputs from COMACO. It costs conventional law enforcement approximately $800 to arrest and put a single poacher behind prison bars. It costs COMACO only $200 to help a poacher find an alternative livelihood. Largely due to these efforts, the valley appears poised for a wildlife recovery and a real chance to expand its wildlife-based tourism. According to a long-term wildlife monitoring study of COMACO areas, over 30 percent of the species surveyed, including elephants, show statistical increases in population trends while all but two, eland and buffalo, show stable population numbers.\nWhen COMACO began almost a decade ago, many valley farmers experienced months of hunger and despair. Today, valley farmers, with COMACO, grow a surplus of food crops like rice, maize, groundnuts, and soybeans. These farmers, many of whom once relied on World Food Programme food aid, now sell their surplus, which COMACO turns into value-added products. One such product is HEPS, or high energy protein supplement, made from maize and soybeans, which COMACO now sells to the World Food Programme to supplement nutrition for families affected by disease and poverty. Much has changed in just eight years.\nBy attacking the root causes of poaching in Zambia, COMACO has proven that conservation is not just good for wildlife; it can be good for people and good for business. And the farmers in Luangwa Valley have proven that, with the right market incentives, they can be good stewards of the land.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Exporters of Frozen Sweet Corn since 1995.\nThe Monsoon Agro Bio Pvt Ltd (MABPL) was established in 1995 to promote business dealings in Baby Corn and Sweet Corn. This involved the combined efforts of Rahul B Mhaske,a refrigeration engineer and Radha R Mhaske,a home science graduate and their family.\nRahul B.Mhaske and team MABPL were the first to Import Hybrid seeds and introduced the same to the farmers of Maharashtra State of India.\nMonsoon Agro Bio Pvt Ltd (MABPL) ventured into Sweet Corn processing and integration with farmers of Maharashtra, India.\nMABPL’s Frozen CORN and it’s allied Frozen Products are supplied All Over India & Exported Overseas!\nMonsoon Agro Bio Pvt Ltd processes 5000MT of Sweet Corn ears to make various Frozen Sweet Corn Products:\nEvery journey begins with a single step. Establishing the Sweet Corn Exchange of India in 1995 was the beginning of that journey.\nSweet Corn and Baby Corn are the main Stars of our story. Today, thanks to Pune and Western Maharashtra are India’s prime growing hubs for Baby Corn and Sweet Corn.\nFresh, Frozen and Canned Sweet Corn and Baby Corn are now exported across India and Overseas.\nThe Corn Club Fast Food Restaurant and Store has won over many patrons since its 1999 launch.\nThe 2004 established MABPL continues to play a crucial role in the growth of the Indian Sweet Corn Industry.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Saturday, September 12, 2009\nThe garden has played out. Rudy & I took down the posts and fence today.\nThere's no need to leave the posts up - we're going to move it a bit next year.\nRudy is still in his air cast. He wrapped a plastic bag around it to keep it from getting dirty.\nShare to Twitter\nShare to Facebook\nShare to Pinterest\nPost a Comment\nPost Comments (Atom)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seven Key Messages for better livelihoods in Sudurpaschim Pradesh (Far-West Province)\nRVWRMP uniquely works through 27 core Rural Municipalities and has projects in many other RMs of Sudurpaschim and Karnali (Districts of Humla and Dailekh).Many years of experience of RVWRMP working hand in hand with the local organizations has informed seven key messages for greater self-reliance.\nKey message 1: Start with Joint Analysis and Planning\nWater Use Master Plans (WUMP) and Livelihood Implementation Plans (LIP) are the stepping stone for local organizations to lead the preparation and implementation of projects. Joint analysis of the situation, decision making and planning at the local level builds a basis of trust among the people. The plans are aligned to the National Sanitation Master Plan. Disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation measures are built-into the plans.\nKey Message 2. Use Practical Step-by-Step Approaches\nUse the Step-by-Step approaches as self-help guides for local organizations and community groups to give the people understanding and control over their own projects. The methodology is based on participatory planning, implementation and monitoring of projects. The Step by Step implementation builds capacity and creates a strong sense of ownership of the local organizations. Rural Municipalities are copying the Step-by-Step approach because of the high success level and sustainability of the projects.\nKey Message 3. Make Water Key for Development and Climate Resilience\nIntegrate water management in multi-purpose solutions. Value and preserve the traditions of: terracing, soil management, agro-forestry, and community forest management, hill-irrigation. Recycle domestic waste water in the home garden for year round vegetable production. Use the project developed community friendly water safety “risk assessment check lists”. The check list can be filled by illiterate Village Maintenance Workers (VMW) with reading support from his/her grandchildren.\nKey Message 4: Home-grown Cooperatives for the Management of O&M funds\nUse local cooperatives for managing operation and maintenance funds for water and energy. This is good for the O&M and empowers micro finance services of the cooperative. Money keeps circulating in the community to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. The cooperative is also the interface for contract-farming arrangements as well as training activities in value chain development and agro-vet services\nKey Message 5. Invest in Diversified Home-Gardens\nDiversified home-gardens (vegetables, spices, fruits, fodder) have an incredible impact in nutrition and food security situation of families in remote areas. High productive organic home-gardens use recycled domestic water and household waste, and bio-pesticides. The vegetables are highly appreciated in the changing diet. Excess production is sold on local markets. Home-garden groups learn through a system of Local Resource Persons and Farmer-to-Farmer extension. Additionally, upcoming agro-entrepreneurship around potential high value crops like off-season vegetables, ginger, and cardamom and forest products is supported by the Project.\nKey Message 6. Build Drinking Troughs for Cattle\nWomen manage water within the household. Women also have to carry water for animals. Animal drinking troughs reduce the women’s drudgery. These troughs should be located close to source, reservoir or public tap stand to capture-overflow and water spills from the tap.\nKey Message 7. From Open Defecation Free to Total Sanitation\nTotal sanitation is about the dignity of the family, community and environment. Washing platforms and elevated cement drying racks are popular additions to the water supply schemes. Out of respect for women and girls the RVWRMP works closely with Provincial Authorities, the RMs and women on awareness and action in relation to the Chhaupadi practice.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sam Van Aken, an artist and professor at Syracuse University, uses “chip grafting” to create trees that each bear 40 different varieties of stone fruits, or fruits with pits. The grafting process involves slicing a bit of a branch with a bud from a tree of one of the varieties and inserting it into a slit in a branch on the “working tree,” then wrapping the wound with tape until it heals and the bud starts to grow into a new branch. Over several years he adds slices of branches from other varieties to the working tree. In the spring the “Tree of 40 Fruit” has blossoms in many hues of pink and purple, and in the summer it begins to bear the fruits in sequence—Van Aken says it’s both a work of art and a time line of the varieties’ blossoming and fruiting. He’s created more than a dozen of the trees that have been planted at sites such as museums around the U.S., which he sees as a way to spread diversity on a small scale.\nBonsai Tree Grows Fruit\nThe tree or 40 fruit is a single fruit tree that grows over 40 different types of stone fruit including peaches plums apricots nectarines cherries and almonds the idea came from just sort of a fascination with the process of grafting [Music] when I had seen it done as a child it was dr. Seuss and Frankenstein and just about everything fantastic I started traveling around Central New York in New York State to look for different varieties of stone fruit eventually I was able to find these different heirloom and antique varieties but they are very rare so it would bring them back here to my nursery graph them onto a tree so that I could continue to use them now I have a huge collection of plums and apricots [Music] through the project I’ve I’ve worked with a lot of growers and at first they didn’t understand it because they were why would you want to have a tree with that many different fruit on it you would have to go back over and over to continue to harvest all the fruit the project is for me always an art project I was really interested in the idea of a hoax in terms of you know hoax transforms reality part of the idea for the tree of 40 fruit was to plant them in locations that people would sort of stumble upon once they happen upon one of these trees they would start to question why are the leaves shaped differently why are they different colors and then in summer when you would see all of these different fruit growing on them and of course in spring when they blossom in different colors it is an artwork when I first started I just sort of crafted the branches on so each variety blossoms at a slightly different time and I had a tree that blossomed all on one side but looked dead on the other from that point I created a timeline of when all of these different varieties blossom in relationship to each other so I could essentially sculpt how the tree would blossom for each of the trees I keep a map essentially or a diagram of the tree yeah it takes a really long time I start a tree and I let it grow for about three years and at that point I can come in and start to graft on to those branches those four branches become eight the next year eight becomes 16 16 becomes 32 it’s essentially like an eight to nine year process essentially what you’re doing with this clear plastic is you’re creating a greenhouse around the graft and so what it’ll do is all that humidity helps the graft heal in the first tree it’s planted in 2011 and it has the 40 varieties but I anticipate it will be about 3 or 4 years before it’s at that peak and then peat blossom [Music] unlike any other artworks that I’ve made these things continuously evolved I think one of the reasons why I’ve been able to keep it going for so long is that every year it’s something new and when you come out here and the trees are all in blossom it’s really kind of an amazing experience plus you get fruit all summer\nThe NEW Bonsai Made Easy Handbook\nNo matter what level of experience you have in Bonsai, there's a 139-page fully illustrated publication I highly reccommend from a Bonsai Academy expert covering everything to do with Bonsai. Discover the Best & Simple Way \"How to Grow Healthy Bonsai\"\nBonsai For Beginners\nWant learn about Bonsai from the real experts? This new publication is the ideal place to start for beginners covering everything from A-Z in this popular hobby and profitable business. Watch some of the videos or get all the information here \"Bonsai For Beginners\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I am so excited! I have been harvesting my seeds - that isn't exactly right - in the fall I cut all plants with seeds and put them in boxes in the garage. I finished in October - then it was the holidays - so now I am getting them all out of their pods etc and packaging them up. I have alot of seeds! I am so excited that I actually did it. It is my first year.\nCARRONTS and BEETS take two years to get seeds from them. I covered the plants with straw and let them grow back up last spring and it worked! I have read a bunch of stuff about digging them up and replanting them. I have tried that a few times and it NEVER worked. So in 2010 I covered them with straw and in the spring they popped right up and in the fall I had seeds - WOO HOO!\nCUCUMBERS - Cucumbers are a little tricky. You cut them out of the center and leave the junk stuff on them, cover with water, let them fermint and then the seeds float. Strain them out and then let them dry. I haven't done tomatoes, but I have read they are the same process.\nRADISHES, BROCCOLI, BEANS, PEAS are all easy, you just let them grow till they come to a seed head, let dry and then gather.\nThis next year I am going to try new plants and new seeds. Planning all of that now....\nI started this blog to get to know other gardeners and track my own garden's progrss. It is a wonderful way to honor the stewardship I have over my plot of ground I have been blessed with. Thanks for stopping by!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the agriculture sector, the value of crop production is 57%, animal products 34%, forestry 6% and fisheries 3%.\nBy international standards, Turkey is a major producer of grain, cotton, tobacco, grapes, sunflower, pulses (chickpeas and lentils), dried fruit (hazelnuts, seedless raisins, figs, apricots), fresh fruits (apples and citrus), tomatoes, tea and small ruminants (sheep, goats).\nCereal production occupies 75% of Turkey's cropland. With a wheat production (21 million tons) and barley production (9 million tons) in 1999, Turkey is one of the world's biggest wheat and barley producers.\nBesides cotton and tobacco, sugar beet is another important industrial crop (22 million tons in 1998).\nConditions in Turkey are favorable for livestock production. According to 1998 figures, there are 11 million big and 37.5 million small ruminants (29.5 million sheep, 8 million goats) in the country. Turkey also produced 756,000 tons of eggs and 486,000 tons of poultry meat in 1997.\nEven though Turkey produces large quantities of cereals and has millions of cattle, productivity per unit area and per head of animal needs improvement. In 1998, average wheat yield in Turkey was 2234kg/ha., one-third of that in advanced countries (world average 2624 kg/ha).\nIn the same year, world average milk production per milk animal was 2028 kg, while in Turkey it was 1564 kg, one-fourth of the averages of advanced countries. These indicate the potential and the need for technology transfer and productivity improvement.\nDuring the past decade, Turkey has emerged as a major exporter of agricultural products, both to the Middle East and other markets. Exports have tripled during this period, and were valued at more than $16 billion in 2013.\nOut of the top 20 agricultural exporters, only India, China and Ukraine have higher export growth rates than Turkey during the past five years. This growth has continued into 2014, and exports during the first three-quarters of the year are up another five percent.\nTurkish Agricultural Exports Diversify\nWhile Turkey has traditionally been a significant supplier of fruit and vegetables, in recent years exports have diversified to include a wide range of products. Some key products which have seen strong growth include:\nSunflower Oil: Turkey is the world’s largest exporter of refined sunflower oil. The majority of these exports are first imported into Turkey as crude oil from Russia and Ukraine, and then refined inside and re-exported, mostly to Iraq and Syria.\nTurkey’s tariffs on crude oil are considerably lower than the current 50-percent tariff on refined oil, which helps encourage further processing inside Turkey.\nTree Nuts: Turkey dominates world hazelnut trade and accounts for nearly 80 percent of global hazelnut exports. Nearly three-quarters of Turkish exports go to the European Union.\nRaisins: Turkey remains the world’s largest exporter of raisins (followed by the United States), accounting for nearly one-third of total global trade. The lion’s share of these exports are to the EU-28.\nPoultry: Turkish poultry exports have also been expanding in recent years (for more information see previous FAS report). In fact, Turkey is expected to be the world’s sixth-largest exporter in 2014. Almost all of these exports are shipped to other Middle East markets, especially Iraq.\nTurkey has a comparative advantage over other suppliers as a result of its close proximity to these markets, its ability to supply halal product, and the fact that it supplies whole broilers, which many customer countries prefer.\nPasta: With the rapid expansion of its pasta exports, Turkey has become the world’s third-largest exporter of pasta after the EU-28 and China. Most of this pasta is going to Sub-Saharan Africa, where and Turkish pasta has largely replaced Italian pasta in many markets.\nFlour: Turkish flour exports have surged, reaching almost $1 billion in 2013 and surpassing two million metric tons, making Turkey the world’s largest exporter of flour (see chart below).\nWhile the majority of Turkish flour goes to Iraq and Syria, exports also go to Asian markets such as the Philippines and Indonesia, and exports have been rising to Sub-Saharan African markets.\nIn fact, flour exports to Sub-Saharan Africa have tripled in the last five years.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "‘Every day should be Earth Day’: Quinn’s mission to clean up the global food system from the ground up\nSince its humble beginnings from her attic three days after her first son, Quinn, was born, Quinn Snacks has been at the forefront of a growing a movement around regenerative agriculture.\nRegenerative agriculture is quite simply any form of farming that aims to revitalise and regenerate the soil and the wider environment, not just minimise the impact of production. In a nutshell, practices focus on nourishing the soil, increasing farm biodiversity, improving water quality and climate resilience, capturing carbon, and restoring and regenerating the land.\nConsidered one of Fortune Magazine’s Most Promising Women Entrepreneurs, Lewis’ philosophy is rooted in holistic, inclusive and attainable approaches for all farmers at any stage in their journey.\n“There is room for all farmers, conventional and organic, in the regenerative agriculture movement,” she said.\n“You don't have to be doing it perfectly to be doing it better. As a food company, we have a social and ethical responsibility to continue to push against the status quo to create massive change within our food and ag industries – and I challenge all founders, CEOs, Board of Directors and decisionmakers to lead with the same intent.”\nA mom of three boys, Lewis is committed to eliminating synthetic chemicals and pesticides from the overall supply chain, while breaking down the barriers between organic and conventional agriculture.\n“There are early studies that suggest when you grow your food in a system without these inputs, but using the pillars of regenerative ag practices, you create a thriving ecosystem with stronger yields and a healthier, more nutrient-dense crop, one with higher amounts of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals.\n“This is not just about reducing carbon, it’s about the health of our soil, the health of our food, our gut and our mental and physical health. Human and planet health all stem from the food we eat and how it was grown.”\nThe importance of Earth Day\n“As a company and a brand, we have a fiduciary responsibility to our planet and Earth Day is a wonderful reminder of that. I think every day should be Earth Day, but [22 April] should be marked on the calendar as something that everyone should be paying attention to,” Lewis told Bakery&Snacks.\n“We are a salty snack company, so we’re a fun company, but doing a lot of good. Through the whole month of April, we’re really trying to push awareness around Earth Day and get more of our consumers involved.”\nAdded Lewis, “95% of our food supply depends on our topsoil to grow it [a mere 6” layer of our Earth’s crust], but in the US … soil used for crops is eroding 10 times faster than it can be replenished. This erosion can also lead up to 50% of loss in crop yields, which is pretty drastic, yet we’re expecting our soil to feed 9 billion people by 2050. So that's a big thing for us.”\nShe added, “We have 895 million of acres of farmland in the United States and only 9.3m of them are organic.\n“We’re seeing a lot of progress getting certain pesticides and chemicals out of the system, but at Quinn, we were trying to figure out ‘what are we doing with the rest of the 99% of agriculture and how do we grow food in a way that has a measurable impact on the health of our soil, our ecosystems and communities?’ So that's something we've really taken a close look at.\n“I have three boys and the idea was to get the pesticides and synthetics and herbicides out of our food system. Dave Vetter once told me you really can't do that until you create a healthy ecosystem and soil that’s thriving.\n“That's where we started to learn more about crop rotation, less-to-no tillage, introducing livestock and creating this massive ecosystem that captures carbon but also provides a more nutrient-dense product and increases food security down the road.\n“We are not into certifications; we’re really working to verify practices on the farms that we work with and to convert conventional over into regenerative, which for us really means how Mother Nature intended us to grow our food.”\nEarlier this month, Quinn announced its participation in the Soil Carbon Initiative (SCI), a new verification programme from nonprofit Green America.\n“They are very aligned with our mindset … and are now working in partnership with us and our farmers to grow ingredients more regeneratively. This is not an overnight solution – it takes decades. We’re a small company (15 people), so it requires a ton of our day-to-day to work with our growers,” said Lewis.\n“Every year [our growers need to show] an improvement. If they're reducing pesticides by 60% one year, then 80% the next year and 100% the year after that, in conjunction with introducing crop rotation one year and then minimal-to-no tillage the next year, it's all about improving. SCI works with our growers so that we can really help them be and do better in their ag journey. So it's a phenomenal partnership and we're really grateful for them.”\nBack to basics\nWhen Quinn started almost 13 years ago, the term ‘regenerative agriculture’ hadn’t as yet become the buzzword it is today – although “there was a unified understanding of what it means and what companies were trying to do,” said Lewis.\n“To explain what we were doing to introduce more transparency into the food system – knowing where your food is coming from; how it's grown – I used to say ‘we’re taking it back to basics’.”\nQuinn may be working hard to take snacking back to its roots, but its snacks are far from basic, having invented a number of industry firsts: such as the world’s first microwave organic popcorn in a patented bag made of compostable paper with no chemical or plastic coatings; the first line of whole-grain and gluten-free pretzels; and the first and only gluten-free filled pretzel nugget, becoming the better-for-you brand leader in the overall $1.6bn pretzel category in the US.\nIn January, Quinn also debuted its Family Farmed Pop-at-Home, pesticide-free popcorn kernels in partnership with Steve McKaskle, a fifth-generation farmer who has been integrating regenerative farming principles for almost 30 years. While this is a new partnership for the Boulder, Colorado-based snack producer, it has been working with organic and regenerative agriculture pioneer Dave Vetter of Grain Place Foods since 2010.\nQuinn's snacks have been granted the Climate Friendly status from HowGood – the world’s largest sustainability database – attributed to the top 30% of food products with low carbon emissions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Our team will be watching the extended weather forecasts.\nThe forecasts have now turned very wet into early May. If that proves to be right, then new crop corn prices will likely continue higher.\nCurrently, US corn is 3% planted, which is 2 percentage points behind the average pace. By next Monday, US corn might be 5-6% planted, which would put it 8-9 points behind average. By April 29, US corn might be 14-15% planted, which then would be 12-13 points behind average. It is unlikely that US farmers will plant 39% of the crop in one week like they did in 2018.\nGet our daily in-depth analysis delivered directly to your inbox by 5:30 AM CST each morning, along with other services created specifically for farmers, when you become a Kluis Commodity Advisors client. Try our Kluis Commodity Advisors 30-day free trial to test it out.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Poor air quality is an everyday problem in Delhi, but its residents, by extension the government, only seem to react when the air gets visibly poor with the city enveloped in smog and the air perceptibly toxic. That is generally during onset of the winter season that is, October and November.\nA Seasonal, High Visibility Problem\nIt is in this period, almost like an annual ritual, that air pollution becomes a matter of public concern and conversation and then forgotten once the skies clear. “One reason why crop burning is so large in the imagination is because it is period when we have the spikes when the air is visibly polluted and the level of particulate matter rise to say 10 times the safe limits but even on a day when we can see blue skies the air is polluted, say two or three times the safe limit,” said Navroz Dubash, professor at the Centre for Policy Research, a New Delhi-based think tank.\nOver the last few years, political parties have been wading into the seasonal conversation on pollution. This has been more in the nature of a pre-emptive blame game and the inevitable strike back. Agricultural stubble burning is the main focus, the lack of effort and progress in addressing perennial or year-long sources of pollution, particularly those within Delhi’s airshed are overlooked. This fits in with the general approach, in government and outside, to tackling pollution—it is episodic and more concerned with dealing with the spikes.\nCrop residue, Dubash explained, contributes to the spike in air pollution “when even the healthy start feeling unwell”. But it is far from the only or even the biggest source of pollution in National Capital Territory of Delhi. Crop burning is literally the straw the broke the camel’s back. Source apportionment studies by the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (2015), The Energy and Resources Institute (2018) and the Automotive Research Association of India (2018) all found that major sources of particulate matter pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) during the winter months were biomass and garbage burning in the city, vehicular emission, secondary compounds, industry, and road, construction and demolition dust. Given the episodic nature of crop burning, its share for season works out to 5 per cent—though continuous monitoring on some days it can contribute as much as 44 per cent to the city’s PM2.5 load.\nThis year, till now, the highest contribution of crop burning to the city’s pollution has been 19 per cent (on two days in the last fortnight that is October 10 to 26). The share has been at less than 10 per cent for 9 days going as low as 1 per cent. What is notable is that number of fires have been for the most part higher than in 2019 or 2018.\nBy limiting the efforts to curb pollution to crop residue burning has meant that Delhi and the national capital region have been devoting their efforts to tackling a 5 per cent problem while neglecting the 95 per cent. “If you are looking at averages then crop residue burning contributes around 5 per cent to Delhi's air pollution. But on particular days in the season, those with the highest number of fires, the contribution can be as high as 40 per cent,” said Sumit Sharma, Director, Earth Science and Climate Change Division at The Energy and Research Institute (TERI), a New Delhi-based think tank.\nCrop residue burning is one part of the problem. A seasonal source of particulate matter pollution, crop residue burning is a demonstration of why environmental concerns such as air quality cannot be addressed in isolation and there are no easy or quick solutions.\nThe Anatomy of a Problem\nPaddy was not traditionally grown in Punjab and Haryana given its high water requirement. In her study on crop residue burning in Punjab. Niti Gupta, a research analyst with the New Delhi-based think tank Council for Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), writes that paddy requires at least 18 mm of water per day for almost 100 days compared to 500 mm required for wheat during the entire growth season.\nThe Green Revolution and the introduction of high yield hybrid seeds changed things. Policies began to be geared towards encouraging paddy cultivation. Punjab average rainfall is about 650 mm, of which 500 mm falls in the rainy season between July to September. But this isn’t adequate for paddy cultivation the shortfall, which researchers put at 1,100 mm per hectare, is made up by drawing groundwater. The government’s policy of providing farmers with free electricity meant that farmers could meet their water requirement for cultivating paddy.\nBy the 1980s, government was procuring 80 per cent of the rice produced. The assured market structure along with a minimum support policy that supported the cultivation of non-basmati high yielding varieties of rice made paddy cultivation lucrative. Its high remunerative value meant improved incomes, making the farmers of these two states relatively better off than their counterparts elsewhere. Farmers in the region shifted from a maize-wheat crop mix to wheat-paddy.\nIn the mid-1980s, the farmers adopted mechanised harvesting. A move that reduced the amount of time they had to spend in the fields thereby allowing them to increase land under cultivation. The area under paddy cultivation increased from 1183 thousand hectare in 1980-81 to 3103 thousand hectare in 2018-19 while the area under cultivation of crops traditionally grown in the region such as maize and pulses declined. Between 1980-81 and 2018-19 area under maize cultivation declined from 382 to 109 thousand hectares, while area under pulses declined from 341 thousand hectares in 1980-81 to 20 thousand hectares in 2016-17.\nThe mechanical combines used for harvesting left behind stalks with inbound roots. The stalk of the wheat crop can be cleared by allowing the livestock to feed on it, The paddy residue is burnt because its high silica content makes it unsuitable for livestock feed. But the burning did not rise to the level of a problem for air quality in the Indo-Gangetic plain.\nThat changed when the indiscriminate withdrawal of ground water led to a crisis. Ground water withdrawal was outpacing the recharge rate. As Gupta explained, “If the rice-wheat monoculture remains, the water table in central Punjab is expected to fall below 70 feet in 66 per cent of the area by 2023, below 100 feet in 34 per cent of the area, and much below 130 feet in 7 per cent of the area.”\nThe Problem of Vested Interests\nThe Punjab state government was staring at an ecological crisis. But given the centrality of paddy to the prosperity of the state’s farmers and their political power, the state government had to find an option that would address the water crisis without abandoning paddy cultivation.\nIn 2008-09, the state government introduced the Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Water Act synchronising the paddy crop with the monsoon season. Farmers could no longer cultivate paddy through the year. The decision to restrict paddy cultivation to the monsoon season was done to limit ground water usage. “The new system meant a later sowing and harvest season for paddy, and an extremely short gap between the paddy harvest and the winter sowing season. Burning became the quickest and the most viable option for clearing the land. And the unfavourable meteorological conditions of the post monsoon period meant that the burning particulates would be transported to Delhi and western Indo-Gangetic Plains,” said Vibha Dhawan, Distinguished Fellow at TERI.\nThe assured market structure and the MSP regime for non-basmati paddy meant that paddy continued to be a lucrative crop. Farmers are unwilling to give it up, and politicians understood the heavy electoral price they would pay if they restricted paddy cultivation. At the same time the impact on air quality could not be ignored. Faced with an emergency, the focus shifted to managing the paddy crop residue.\nIn 2017, the central government set up a task force on biomass management under the aegis of the NITI Aayog, the government’s think tank. The aim was to curb the practice of crop residue burning by encouraging and enabling farmers to use the residue for mulching or to sell the residue as feedstock for power generation.\nAs part of this effort, the Confederation of Indian Industries Foundation carried out pilot interventions across 19 villages in the Ludhiana and Patiala districts of Punjab to encourage farmers to use the paddy straw for mulching—a process by which the stalk residue is mechanically cut and then spread over the field in time disintegrating to function like manure. This process and the subsequent sowing require specialised equipment. To encourage farmers to make the shift, the central government in 2018 announced an agricultural mechanisation scheme with total fund of Rs 1,152 crore for 2018-19 and 2019-20. This money was for subsiding machines to help remove the crop stubble without burning.\nThe results have been mixed. Farmers point to lack of equipment—too few compared to the need. Equipment manufacturers hiked their process, making the subsidy given to farmers for buying the machinery inadequate. Seema Arora, deputy director general, CII, who was involved with the pilot interventions says resolving the crop burning problem “will require addressing the issue from the farmers’ perspective. It is more than making equipment available to farmers”. Arora points to the need to train farmers to enable them to make the changes in agricultural practice that technological interventions necessarily require. “It has to be about behaviour change and that can happen when farmers realise that investment required to move away from burning residue is yielding returns. In effect, the farmer must be prepared to deal with the change in ecosystem,” stresses Arora.\nNo Easy Solutions\nLong-term solution will require revisiting cropping patterns. Given the problems of a receding water table, it seems clear that Punjab-Haryana farmer must move away from cultivating paddy. However, the pricing and incentives structure is not conducive to this shift. Though the government has substantially increased the minimum support price for crops such as coarse grains, maize, and pulses farmers in the region are unwilling to shift. They say that the returns are low, and cultivating paddy, despite the problems, continues make economic sense.\nDhawan says that farmers will not shift away from paddy till the other crops such as coarse grains and pulses yield higher incomes. Instead she suggests “developing and popularising an early maturing variety of rice. This will ensure that farmers have a month for harvesting, and this would reduce the need to burn stubble.”\nAt the same time, Dhawan says that “the government must create the necessary technological infrastructure for farmers to access the equipment necessary to shift from the practice of crop residue burning. Effectively, the government needs to approach this as an infrastructure investment akin to building roads. And finally, there is a need to invest in an ecosystem that encourages diversification of crops, focusing on those save water and improve nutrition content, and in the technological changes that will permit a more sustainable agricultural practice.”\nGill suggests creating economic value for the paddy straw, by using it as feedstock for biofuel. For Gill, the in-situ disposal of paddy straw by mulching is a waste of resource that could bring extra income to the farmers and meet fuel and energy needs.\nSumit Sharma agrees with Gill. He argues that creating economic value for the crop residue will put an end to stubble burning. He says, “we need to focus on converting the crop stubble into useful energy, so that it becomes a revenue earning option for farmers. Right now the focus is on encouraging mulching, and for that farmers incur a certain cost, so they see it as eating into their profits. The technology for ex situ utilisation is there, some pilots have been conducted but the business model to take it to scale is not there yet—who will pay for collection, how do you transport the stubble, storing and utilisation.”\nTackling crop residue burning will require a systemic and long-term effort. This includes economically viable and profitable uses for the stubble, so that farmers see it as a resource and not a nuisance. Considering the impact of burning on soil productivity and health, and human health in these communities and getting farmers in Punjab-Haryana to cultivating crops such as maize. This will require policy interventions, increased awareness, and economic opportunities.\nAt the same time, downwind areas that is Delhi and the national capital region have to focus on reducing the pollution load in their region as well. This will require greater focus on reducing road dust and construction and demolition dust, as well as pollution from industrial sources. As Dubash puts it, “we have to understand air pollution as 5 times 20 problem. There are 20 buckets of things and we have to address them all to solve Delhi’s air pollution problem.”\n(This story has been updated. An earlier version of this story appeared in November 2019.)\nRead More News on\nDownload The Economic Times News App to get Daily Market Updates & Live Business News.\nETPrime stories of the day\n2 mins read\n10 mins read\n15 mins read", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I've written about Spigelia marilandica -- a native perennial commonly called Indian pink or pinkroot -- on several occasions, and I want to share even more about the plant.\nWhy? It's among the top 10 plants for attracting ruby- throated hummingbirds (www.rubythroat.org) to your garden.\nPinkroot, which bears red flowers with yellow throats, is planted in several different conditions at the Plant Delights Nursery in Raleigh, N.C., says Adrienne Zazzara, garden curator at the nursery and its Juniper Level Botanic Garden.\nThe nursery's 5-acre display garden contains more than 11,000 different plants. Many of the new plants come from seed exchanges and discoveries owner Tony Avent makes during his worldwide plant searches. The gardens evaluate how plants grow best in Zone 7b, which is kissing cousin to our growing zone in Hampton Roads. The plants also are rated on their ability to peacefully co-exist with native species.\nOne 8-year-old pinkroot is planted in sandy soil that's had composted manure added to it, Zazzara says. It gets little sun, maybe two hours in the afternoon. When it was planted, it enjoyed full sun, but taller plants growing nearby now shade it. Every year, it grows about 18 inches tall and wide. The garden's irrigation system waters that area nightly from May through September.\nFour years ago, pinkroot in a quart container was placed in a border planting. The clay-heavy soil was amended with composted soils. The border grows under full sun and gets irrigated about twice a week. Here, the pinkroot also grows 18 inches tall and wide.\nThose two pinkroots are mulched with triple-shredded hardwood mulch, Zazzara says.\nThe third pinkroot -- Spigelia gentianoides, which forms a single stem instead of the clump that Spigelia marilandica creates -- grows in a bed raised about 4 feet. The full-sun bed is mulched with pea gravel, and the clay-heavy soil is amended with compost. The pinkroot has been there about three years, annually growing about 12 inches tall and wide. If there's no rain, it gets supplemental water twice a week.\n\"We haven't lost one yet,\" Zazzara says of pinkroot.\n\"I think the worst thing that could happen to it is poor drainage, especially during cold, wet winters.\"\nIf you ever get the notion to travel toward Raleigh, you can tour Plant Delights' gardens certain times of the year. This year's open houses will be held in July and September. For more details and directions and to get a catalog, call (919) 772- 4794 or visit www.plant delights.com.\nOther mail-order nursery sources for pinkroot include: Heronswood, (360) 297-4172 or www.heronswood.com; Roslyn Nursery, (631) 643-9347 or www .roslynnursery.com; Singing Springs Nursery, (919) 732-9403 or www.singingspringsnursery .com; and Sunshine Farm and Gardens, (304) 497-2208 or www .sunfarm.com.\nLEARN ABOUT HOSTAS. No one loves hostas more than Frank Hunyady. Most of his sloping back yard in Newport News is devoted to these shade-loving plants.\nDuring last year's drought, Frank learned how valuable it is to plant hostas in pots, then sink those pots into the ground. Water put directly into those pots is used by the hostas and not the roots of surrounding trees.\nHe also puts wire mesh into the bottoms of the pots to keep voles from destroying some very valuable varieties of hostas.\nYou can learn more about hostas from Hunyady during a free workshop he will give at 8 a.m. Saturday at Coenen Landscape and Design, 12533 Warwick Blvd., Newport News. To register or for more information, call 930-4484.\nCONTROL WHITEFLIES. Whiteflies are becoming a serious problem in the home garden, according to Eric Day with the insect identification lab at Virginia Tech. They are most often found on eggplants, tomatoes and squash.\nThe pests are seen in two forms: small, powdery-white adults that fly when plants are disturbed; and small, round, sedentary, greenish-yellow nymphs attached by sucking mouth parts to the undersides of leaves. They extract fluids from succulent new growth, causing plants to become weak and prone to diseases.\nWhiteflies are hard to kill and are almost totally resistant to any insecticides commonly used in the home garden, Day says.\nIn the garden, lacewings and ladybugs prey on whiteflies, helping control the insects. Also, good air circulation around plants helps prevent serious infestations.\nThe best control, he says, is to avoid them. Check transplants for the presence of whiteflies, and destroy any infested plants.\nYellow sticky boards can be used to control them. Pre-made sticky boards are available at garden centers and through catalogs.\nHere's how to make your own sticky boards:\n* Cut standard, 22-by-28 inches, bright-yellow poster board into 7-inch squares. You also can recycle plastic containers such as margarine tubs made of bright-yellow plastic. Do not use antifreeze containers, because pets are attracted to the odor of antifreeze, which is a toxic substance to pets if ingested.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mechanism of action\n\"Imidacloprid blocks the transmission of nerve impulses at the level of the receptor of the postsynaptic membrane.\nPencycuron penetrates the cuticle of the plant and inhibits the germination of the mycelium, affects the functional state of the cell and the nucleus, inhibits the biosynthesis of sterols and free fatty acids inside of the fungus, significantly reduces the contents of the transport forms of glucose\"\nPeriod of protective effect\nFrom pests 40-60 days after emergence of sprouts; from Rhizoctonia blight and favus - during the vegetation period.\n|Crop||Harmful object||Germicide consumption rate, l/t||Safety interval (treatments frequency)||Way, time, characteristics of germicide use|\n|Potato||Wireworms, potato beetle, aphid - virus carriers, Rhizoctonia blight, brown scab||0,7-1,0||- (1)||Treatment of tubers before and during sowing.\nWorking solution consumption rate 10-20 l/t\n|Common onion (from seeds)||Onion fly, tobacco thrips, neck rot, mold formation on seeds||0,1 l/kg of seeds||- (1)||Treatment of seeds before sowing|\n|Active substance||Imidacloprid 140 g/l and pencycuron 150 g/l|\n|Preparative form||Suspension concentrate|\n|Pack size||1 l|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "While it may a bit early to refer to recent warmer-than-normal temperatures as Indian Summer, weather conditions this week in much of the grain belt helped the harvest kick into high gear. But new EPA guidelines on dust and particulate matter announced recently could have legal ramifications for farmers. Senator Charles Grassley of Iowa is concerned the new rules could expose farmers to litigation. And he invited the head of the EPA to visit his state during the harvest to see how the new rules would affect America's farmers.\nLast week, the Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, made a decision to stop exempting farmers and ranchers from \"dust and coarse particulate matter regulations.\" The EPA's original proposal in December 2005 included an exemption for sources of dust created from agricultural and mining practices. Despite an EPA statement that the health risks of exposure to particulate matter in rural areas are inconclusive, the agricultural and mining exemptions were removed from the final regulation last month.\nOfficials with the EPA and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources insist farmers won't be affected by the decision. But, Senator Charles Grassley, a Republican from Iowa, disagrees. He says there is no guarantee that farmers couldn't be sued for the dust they create. This week, he invited the EPA to visit his state to see first-hand what the new rules could do to American farmers. Grassley asked the EPA to make the trip before the soybean harvest ends; noting soybeans stir up more dust than corn.\nWhile the administrator of the EPA, Stephen Johnson, accepted Grassley's invitation, no date has been set for the visit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "With the days growing shorter and cooler, autumn is an ideal time to prepare your garden for the winter ahead. There are several things you can do at this time of the year which will help ensure your plants survive the colder months ahead. A little bit of care now will help you have a beautiful blooming garden again come spring. If you are planning to sell your home in the coming months the winterization steps you take for your plants will also help you keep your yard healthy and attractive to potential buyers, even in the deepest of winter dormancy. I have compiled a list of some quick tips to help you get organized and on your way through winter preparations in your garden.\n- Pruning helps remove dead or diseased branches from trees and shrub, and will allow for stronger growth within the branches that remain. Pruning is also done to help control the growth of a plant to a desired size or shape. The amount of pruning and how you prune as well as when will depend on what you are pruning. Fruit trees for example grow fruit at various times in their growing seasons. You will want to confirm when your trees bear fruit, it could be after a year of growth, during a current season’s growth or on spurs that grow after pruning. The California Native Plant Society has some great information and guidelines that can help you with more pruning tips.\n- Mulching will protect your plants from the cold. A good thick layer of fresh mulch along the base of your plants will help regulate the temperature, effectively giving your plants a blanket. Be sure to remove any old mulch first as it may harbor pest eggs which could be devastating come spring. Once the first frost or close to freezing temperatures arrive, it is time to lay down the new layer of mulch. This will help maintain a steady temperature, protecting from fluctuations of freezing and melting periods. It is these changes that can cause damage to roots. Roses are vulnerable to the cold in particular. You can wrap rose bushes in a burlap mulch container to help them make it through the colder months. There is a great how to guide on this mulch idea and others from Better Homes & Gardens.\n- Planting new trees and shrubs now is ideal. By planting now the will be set to lie dormant for the winter, and ready to focus new growth and energy in the spring. Most fruit trees need at least 6 hours of daylight during the growing season so be sure to plan accordingly where you will plant any new trees, being sure they will get enough direct light. You should also delay fertilizing any new plants at this time, as fertilizer will encourage continued growth and the energy needed to dormancy may be depleted too much for a plant to survive the winter.\n- Some other quick tips include checking for pests regularly and make any repairs to flower beds, clean up any dead flowers or stalks as well. Avocado and Citrus trees should be watered thoroughly to help prevent them from splitting. Keep a polyspun garden fabric on hand that you can use to cover annuals from frost.\nWith just a little time and care you can prepare your garden to survive the winter and burst forth with a bouquet of color come spring. If you are ready to sell your home the extra steps toward winterizing your garden will give you an extra edge in attracting potential buyers as well. We at Haylen Group are here to help you with all of your real estate needs! If you are unsure what your options are, call Helen Chong at (408) 800-LIST or email at Helen@HaylenGroup.com. You can also visit us at our website for available listings and additional information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tags: Heirloom Open Pollinated\nGrowing Practices: No Pesticides No Herbicides No Fungicides No Synthetic Fertilizers\nLatin Name: Brassica rapa\nDays to Maturity: 42\nSmall and sturdy, Tatsoi is identified by its emerald spoon-shaped leaves. Its stalks are sweet, almost creamy and great in stir fries. The texture is similar to Mache, but much heartier.\nAlthough Tatsoi is in the Mustard family it does not taste that way. In fact eaten when the leaves are small it has no bitter taste at all to me. I'm a picky greens eater and I love Tatsoi mixed in salads. I know I'm getting some real nutritional value and it tastes good.\nTatsoi leaves are generally eaten raw, but may be added to soups at the end of the cooking period. When Tatsoi is mixed with other greens it enhances the flavor and nutritional value.\nIf you live in a hot area, make sure to plant it in early spring or late fall. I also like to treat it like lettuce, meaning that I plant a little every few weeks so that I will have a constant supply.\nFor baby greens, sow thickly and scissor-harvest at 3\" to 4\" tall.\nDirt Goddess Super Seeds are fortified with Mycorrhizae, Beneficial Bacteria & Trichoderma for Superior Growth & Vigor. Organically!\nMycorrhizae forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of 95% of the worlds plants and it’s believed that plants were able to evolve onto land due to this symbiosis.\nColonization by mycorrhizae can provide multiple functions: increased nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, resistance to pathogens, increased vigor and yield.\nIt has been shown that the presence of Mycorrhizae can increase a plant’s absorption of certain nutrients which it cannot uptake on its own.\nIn most gardens and agricultural settings, the mycorrhizae is destroyed by tilling, the overuse of chemical fertilizers, and fungicides. The mycorrhizae must be re-added to the soil in order to benefit the plant.\nMycorrhizae is naturally 100% organic.\nTake a look at www.DirtGoddessSeeds for videos and lots more info on this amazing fungus!\nFREE SHIPPING with purchase of $49 or more!\n*Please take note about bulk seed orders: Seed availability can be very volatile due to crop failures, weather conditions and other factors. Therefore, not every seed is constantly available in bulk sizes. Most bulk orders are shipped within 3-7 business days while some seeds can take up to 14 days to ship. If you are in a rush to get your bulk seeds you may want to contact us to verify availability. Individual seed packets are always available.\nStory of this Seed:\nThanks and Happy Growing!\nTatsoi does best in partial sun, about 3 - 5 hours each day but can handle full sun, if it is kept well watered.\nFull size heads will grow to about 8 - 10 inches. Spread depends on whether the leaves are flattened or upright, but figure about 12 inches per plant.\nDays to Harvest\nYou can start harvest leaves when they are about 4 inches. Baby tatsoi matures in 20 - 25 days. Full size tatsoi takes 40 - 50 days.\nSlice the plants off about an inch above the ground and they should re-sprout for you. The plants will be smaller, but still delicious.\nTatsoi has more of a tangy mustard flavor than bok choy. It is often found in salad mixes and can be cooked in any dish you would use bok choy - stir-fries, soups, and side dishes. The mild and tender baby leaves taste very similar to spinach and would be a good substitute when it is too warm to grow spinach plants.\nSoil: Provide a well-draining soil with a lot of compost or other organic matter mixed in. Tatsoi grows in soil with a pH from 6.0 - 7.5, with 6.5 - 7.0 the ideal range.\nPlanting: You can direct sow or start seed indoors about 4 - 5 weeks before your last frost date. Begin sowing outdoors after your last frost date. Don't rush it; young plants will bolt if they experience too much cold weather. Seeds are quick to germinate, usually within 4 - 8 days.\nPlant seed 1/4 - 1/2 inch deep, spaced 1 inch apart. Thin and eat the plants when they are a couple of inches tall. If you are growing full-sized plants, thin to a 6 - 8 inch spacing.\nFall grown tatsoi usually does better than seed sown in the spring. Besides the greater chance off the seedlings experiencing cold temperatures or frost, in the spring, which will cause them to bolt, there are also less insect pests in the fall.\nTatsoi has the odd habit of growing flat in cold weather, but more upright in heat.\nMaintenance: Maintenance and care:\nAs with most leafy vegetables, tatsoi needs regular watering or it will bolt to seed. If your soil is rich, you should not need to feed the plants. Otherwise use a fertilizer high in nitrogen.\nYou can succession plant every couple of weeks, for a longer harvest period. Stop planting when the weather turns hot, then start new plants for the fall in late summer.\nPlants in the brassica family do not cross pollinate with plants outside their species. Seed can be saved for 4 years.\nPests & Problems\nTatsoi is generally disease free, but insects love its tender leaves. Cabbage worms, cabbage loopers and flea beetles can riddle the leaves in spring, unless the plants are protected with row covers. The ground hugging leaves are extremely attractive to slugs. white flies and aphids are less of a problem.\nQuestions 0 Total\nAsk a Question About Tatsoi Mustard ~Mycorrhizae Fortified/Bulk Available~\nUS Seed orders over $49 ship for free! Under $49 is a flat rate of $4. Garlic orders of 1 lb are a flat rate of $6. Over 1 lb is determined by weight and distance.\nReturn & Refund Policy\nOur seeds have an average 90-95% germination rate within the first 2 years, with a 10% chance of success in year 3. If you find that your seeds don't live up to this, please let me know and I will send you a fresh packet. **Please note that bulk seed orders cannot be cancelled or returned unless the seeds are defective** Thank you.\nOak Ridge, NJ,\nUnited States (Zone 6)\nEstablished in 2012\n1.00 acres in production", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Years of drought and overgrazing have dried out the fields in southwestern La Plata County. Dust easily blows away in the wind.\nLast year, from March until May, dust storms caused problems for students, drivers and farmers, and without enough precipitation, the dirty storms could return.\nAt Fort Lewis Mesa Elementary, the administration tried to seal the building as much as possible to keep dust out, but the school had to bring in extra custodial help to clean, Principal John Marchino said.\n“It was cloudy in the classrooms,” he said.\nDust storms limit visibility along roads, said Tom Hartnett, president of the La Plata Conservation District.\nThe problem is exacerbated by prairie dogs and cut worms that can eat an entire field of grass or wheat, Hartnett said.\nThe area from Breen into New Mexico and west of Black Ridge to the La Plata County line was hit hard last year by dust, said Sterling Moss, district conservationist for the Natural Resources Conservation Service office in Durango.\nThe recent snowfall earlier this week dumped about a foot of snow near Breen and Kline, and more snow is expected to accumulate this weekend.\n“This is a huge blessing, but we are still way far from being out of the woods,” said Trent Taylor, owner of Blue Horizons Farm Inc.\nThe entire river basin, which includes the Dolores, Animas, San Juan and San Miguel rivers, would need to receive 218 percent of historical snowfall to get back on track, said Bruce Whitehead, executive director of the Southwestern Water Conservation District.\n“I don’t think we’ll make it to normal snowpack this year,” he said.\nA long dry spell in January and February left local conservationists and farmers nervous. In mid-February, Moss dug down to test soil moisture as wind dried the field of winter wheat all around him.\nIn southwestern La Plata County, snow should have blanketed the field near County Road 119 for weeks. But instead, Moss didn’t even find enough moisture in the soil to support the wheat through harvest.\n“I’ve never seen a February like that,” Taylor said.\nThe newly fallen snow could ease the situation. If it melts slowly, it can soak deeper into the soil than rain does.\nBut re-establishing healthy fields is key to preventing dust storms through the spring winds.\nMoss and his office have been working with landowners to plant grass in areas dedicated to conservation reserves to keep the top soil from blowing away. These areas are dedicated to wildlife habitat, and landowners receive a government subsidy for not working the land. This helps farmers survive in the worst drought years, Taylor said.\nBut it has been challenging.\n“A lot of grass has been planted that hasn’t been established yet,” Moss said.\nThe stands of grass are key to keeping valuable topsoil in place. An inch of topsoil can take 100 years to accumulate, he said.\nBut without precipitation at the right time, the grasses won’t grow. This year, Moss might recommend planting grass or another cover crop in mid-summer in hopes the monsoons will come.\nIn the past few years, fall rains have brought most of the moisture for the year.\nLeaving the stems from last year’s crop in place also can prevent wind and rain erosion and keep the soil cooler, said Abdel Berrada, a soil scientist with Colorado State University.\nThis stubble helps conserve soil, but it also provides habitat for pests, like cut worms that may require herbicide, Taylor said.\nPlanting trees as wind breaks or setting up snow fences can help keep the dust down. But trees can’t thrive when there’s very little water.\n“It looks good on a flip chart, but when you’re out there with your shovel, it’s a different topic,” Hartnett said.\nThis has been the case for bringing empty dry fields back to life across the region, especially in areas that don’t have any irrigation water.\n“Growing plants on bare bones soil with little to no water can be an uphill challenge,” said Darrin Parmenter, county extension agent for Colorado State University.\nWeeds don’t help in the fight against dust\nWhen it comes to controlling dust, although any plant life is helpful, grasses are far preferable to weeds. Grass stems are much closer together and therefore hold the soil in place better, said Rod Cook, La Plata County weed manager.\nA stand of grass is also far healthier for domestic and wild animals grazing on the land.\nThe top three noxious and invasive weeds locally are Russian knapweed, yellow toadflax and leafy spurge, Cook said. They are particularly tough to fight because they have deep roots.\nEach species requires a different management technique. Cook can help landowners select the right combination of strategies to fight the weeds.\nCall him at 382-6470 or email at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nAvoid pulling this weed because it has a caustic sap that can cause chemical burns and cause blindness. It can also blister the legs of horses, elk and cattle that are forced to walk through it. It also will reduce the quality of grazing pasture.\nDespite four years of drought, the Russian knapweed is surviving and spreading. It is poisonous to horses, donkeys and mules and creates lesions on their brains that will eventually kill them. It does not help to pull, shovel or till the weed. It generally requires a herbicide treatment that depends on its proximity to trees and water.\nThis plant has an extensive range and can flourish in habitats ranging from the desert to the alpine tundra. It doesn’t readily respond to herbicide.\nIf you go\nThe Animas Watershed Partnership will hold a soil health workshop from noon to 5 p.m. March 17 at the La Plata County Fairgrounds, 2500 Main Ave. It will cover general soil health, irrigation and pasture management. The Natural Resources Conservation Service will provide free soil-sample testing for the first 80 people who register.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "With winter in the rearview, new garden season is on the horizon!\nIt’s been a long winter. But it looks like my garden’s hibernation can soon give way to resurrection and a return to the halcyon days of seasons past. The cold and snow is being replace…\nPost to Tumblr", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bhubaneswar/Bolangir: In a bid to curb irregularities in issuance of crop loans and create awareness among farmers, the State government decided to put up details of loanees at panchayat office notice board.\nIn a letter written to central cooperative banks and societies, the Registrar of Cooperative Societies asked them to ensure details of farmers are made available village-wise to Primary Agricultural Co-operative Society (PACS).\nSources said the government’s move will dissuade farmers who avail agriculture loans to misutilise the money for other purposes.\nBesides, the decision will be a caution to the staff of Primary Agricultural Co-operative Society and Large Area Multipurpose Society who have forged documents and registered themselves as sharecroppers, the sources added.\nCooperation Minister SN Patro said, “Details of loanees who have taken money from PACS will be available on websites as well.”\nThe government is planning to impose 12% rate of interest on farmers who have not used the money for agriculture, and used it instead for other commercial activities.\nMeanwhile, farmers cry foul over non-availability of agriculture loans and allege that they have failed to get any help even after running from pillar to post.\nA farmer from Bolangir said, “We are yet to get any financial support.”\nAnother farmer of Boudh said, “Nobody has told us how to get registered and avail loans. Whenever we approached government offices, they were either locked or we were turned away by them.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "by johnah on November 7, 2020\nHarvesting Pistachios: When And How To Harvest Pistachios\nThe best time to harvest pistachios is from late September until early April. You will have to wait till they grow into small nuts before harvesting them. They can be harvested either by hand or with a machine. There are two ways of picking up the nuts: Hand Pick and Machine Pick Up.\nYou can pick the nuts yourself using a knife or a spoon. If you use a knife, make sure it is sharpened well so that you don’t cut yourself while picking the nuts. A fork may also do the job just fine. Just place one nut on top of another and then push down on the fork to separate them.\nThen, pull out all the way and eat!\nMachine Pick Up:\nIf you want to get rid of the nuts easily, then you can use a machine. These machines are available in most grocery stores nowadays. They are called “pick and place”. Simply put the nuts in the slot and press a button and away you go!\nThe machine picks up the nuts very quickly and places them neatly into a bag ready for your consumption.\nHarvesting Nuts: How To Harvest Pistachios?\nSo you want to harvest some nuts yourself?\nIt is quite easy! They grow on trees that are about 12 feet high. The trees can be either male or female, and only the female trees will grow the famous nuts we all cherish so much! There are many ways of telling the difference between a male tree and a female tree.\nWhen harvesting the nuts you should ensure that you pick them all. If you miss one, then it might grow into a new tree and this can quickly overpopulate your pistachio orchard! So always double check that you’ve picked up every nut.\nHarvesting Pistachios: How To Pick And Process Pistachios?\nHarvesting nuts is easy, simply pick them up off the ground when the time comes, but what about processing them so they are ready to eat?\nThis is more tricky! For each pound of unshelled nuts it takes about 1 to 2 hours to prepare them before they are ready to eat. If you want, you can also choose to leave the nuts in their shells, this will extend the shelf life of them and make them last longer, but of course then you would need to shell them before consuming.\nThis process can be done in many different ways but we will describe the common methods used here:\nThe first step of nut processing is to remove the bad nuts, these are split open and discarded. The remaining raw nuts are then placed in a solution containing water and calcium hydroxide, also known as milk of lime. This step is to help loosen the hard almond shaped shell so it’s easier to remove later. The nuts are then taken out and put into water to rinse off the lime solution.\nThe next step is to remove the thin brown skin that wraps around the hard shell by placing them in boiling water or sometimes in a pressure cooker. The skin will then pop off making your job of removing the shell much easier. From here they are dried either using air or oven drying. Once dried they can be placed immediately into containers for selling or stored in bulk using silos or storage rooms.\nHints on How To Harvest And Process Pistachios:\nWhen the shells start to crack during the removal process, it can be a very tricky step. If you remove them too early then the shell will be brittle and difficult to remove, if you leave it in too long then the nut will start to break apart or even start to grow mold! So it is quite a careful step.\nAfter the shells have been removed they are then usually placed into a drying room for about a week to make sure they are dry before packing. If you let them dry for too long, they will start to split and break apart due to the shrinking process. So this step is quite important.\nPistachios have very delicate enzymes which break down the nut if not removed. This is called rancidity. There are a few ways to remove the taste, one of which is to add a lot of salt, this can easily be removed once you are ready to eat them. Another way is to use chemicals to stop the process from taking place, this is less common but works very well.\nIt depends on your personal choice as to how you want to do it, some methods work better than others depending on the flavor and quality of your pistachios.\nPistachios can be sold in their shells or shelled, either way they need to be placed in containers before selling. The method of container is up to you, you can use simple bags or more traditional tins or jars. The size of the container will vary depending on how many you are wanting to sell and the budget you have to do it in.\nPistachios are a popular choice of snack and have a fairly long shelf life if kept in cool dry place such as a cupboard. Make sure they are stored somewhere safe from pests or rodents who may want to eat them too.\nOnce you have your finished product, there are many ways to get it to your customers. You can set up a roadside stall, sell them in markets or even online. You can sell in smaller amounts such as a handful for a low price or in bulk to shops and supermarkets. It’s all up to you and how much work you want to put in!\nHarvesting And Processing Your Nuts\nSo now that you have looked at all your choices of trees, it’s time to get harvesting and processing your nuts! If you haven’t already chosen, now is the time to decide what type of tree you want.\nAs a rule of thumb, you will need about 500 trees per acre. This may vary depending on the variety and growing conditions but it’s a good starting point. So for example, if you have ten acres of orchard, you will need 5,000 trees.\nNut harvesting will take between 3 to 5 years before the first nut is harvested. The first year you will need to plant the seeds, the second year you can start to grow them on and the third year your first nuts should be ready for harvesting if all goes well. Picking the fruit or nuts should begin after year 4 or 5 and continue every year after that.\nDue to cross-pollination, it is best to choose only one type of tree to grow in your orchard unless you plan your orchard specifically to produce seedlings to sell.\nSo, now you have your trees planted and a good idea of when to harvest your crop, you need to think about processing the nuts. You can take the easy route and simply pick them off the ground and eat them as they fall or you can set up a more complicated system to help you process them.\nSources & references used in this article:\nDistribution of aflatoxin in pistachios. 2. Distribution in freshly harvested pistachios by TF Schatzki – Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1995 – ACS Publications\nPrevention of aflatoxin in pistachios by E Boutrif – Food Nutrition and Agriculture, 1998 – agrostrat.gr\nPistachio (Pistacia vera L.) by M Kashaninejad, LG Tabil – Postharvest biology and technology of tropical …, 2011 – Elsevier\nEffect of harvesting time on nut quality of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars by B Panahi, M Khezri – Scientia horticulturae, 2011 – Elsevier\nDesign and evaluation of a yield monitoring system for pistachios by UA Rosa, TS Rosenstock, H Choi… – Transactions of the …, 2011 – elibrary.asabe.org\nGrowth of Salmonella on Inoculated Inhull Pistachios during Postharvest Handling by M Moussavi, V Lieberman, C Theofel… – Journal of food …, 2019 – meridian.allenpress.com\nInvestigation of aflatoxin contamination in indehiscence and mechanical splitting pistachios by F Ahmadi, A Tajabadipour – Journal of Nuts, 2011 – ijnrs.damghaniau.ac.ir", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Stakeholders in the agricultural sector have again been assured of FUNAAB’s commitment to train new generation of leaders who will take the world by surprise and assist in solving developmental challenges in Africa.\nGiving the assurance was the Vice-Chancellor of the University, Professor Felix Kolawole Salako, while declaring open an International Workshop with the Theme, “Climate Change and Sustainable Environment”, organized by the World Bank Centre for Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE) in conjunction with Galilee International Management Institute, Israel.\nHis words “The Centre of Excellence in Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) is committed to training new generation of leaders within the agricultural sector, who will take the world by surprise and assist in solving developmental challenges in Africa.\nRepresented by the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic), Professor Morenike Dipeolu, the Vice-Chancellor expressed hope that the Workshop would enhance the understanding of participants and influence the methods of mitigating the effect of climate change using innovative technologies, adding that the course will facilitate changes on how things are done, in order to deliver on results that will improve our environment.\nAccording to him, “We expect that participants will build network, capacity and fastrack international exchange, as well as cooperation on environment and climate change related challenges, in order to promote sustainable management of the natural resources and ecosystem and integrate sustainable development policies at national and local levels. “Our expectation is that we shall strengthen regional networks, create knowledge and share experience through inter alia peer learning and exchange of best practices”: he said\nProfessor Salako assured that efforts at ensuring that CEADESE succeeds will be sustained through the procurement of specialized equipment and upgrading of facilities in the farm and laboratories. He disclosed that by next year, the Centre would be turning out the third set of M. AgSE and second set of PhD.AgSE graduates, while the employability rate of CEADESE graduate is 70%.\nEarlier, the Workshop Resource Person, Dr. Dressler Ofer, of Galilee International Management Institute, Israel had disclosed that about 30 years ago, people thought climate change was just a periodic change but in the last 10 years, they have agreed that the phenomenon is here and will affect our lives in one way or the other, stressing that the Workshop would examine climate change in all aspects of human life including food, health, energy and agriculture, among others.\nIn his welcome Address, the Director, Centre for Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment (CEADESE), Professor Olukayode Akinyemi welcomed all participants drawn from different parts of the country, to the Workshop. He stated that the Workshop was aimed at exposing participants to recent developments in the area of climate change and build a critical mass of next generation experts with robust understanding to address climate change issues.\nProfessor Akinyemi added that the course would help the participants to learn new technologies and develop cross-cutting networks on climate change.\nSpeaking on the gains of the Workshop, participants confirmed that it has increased their enlightenment on climate change while student participants were grateful to the University Management for the subsidy granted to them, which enable them to attend the course. They pleaded for continuous efforts at subsiding future Workshops for students.\nIn the same vein, participants advised the University to venture into solar energy as a means of reducing carbondioxide generation and emission, which will also assist the University in reducing its overhead cost on diesel. Other recommendations at the Workshop include accommodating policy makers and industry players in future Workshops, taking the message of climate change to the primary and secondary schools and inclusion of climate change and sustainable environment in the Nigerian educational system.\nThe 5-day Workshop ended on a good note on Friday with issuance of communique and presentation of certificates to participants.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "SOILdarity is a three-year project aiming to enhance scientific excellence in soil science. The project fosters the cooperation between two internationally leading research-intensive institutions and FCiências.ID - Associação para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Ciências (FC.ID). FC.ID is a private non-profit association endowed with legal personality whose aim is to support and develop research and innovation activities of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon (CIÊNCIAS).\nCIÊNCIAS is a key research centre in soil science in Portugal. Within the framework of the Twinning exercise the beneficiary is FC.ID while CIÊNCIAS will be a linked third party to FC.ID.\nSoil ecosystems in Portugal face considerable challenges in the medium and long run ranging from climate change and erosion to over exploitation dynamics.\nBy developing SOILdarity, FC.ID and CIÊNCIAS aims at boosting its research and innovation capacity and improving its know-how in precision agriculture and sustainable soil management through the knowledge-transfer dynamics established with the internationally leading research-intensive partners, i.e. MIGAL and the University of Ghent.\nThe project lays down a sound scientific strategy on how to integrate soil ecology with cutting-edge soil and crop sensors, modelling and system control technology for sustainable soil management. The project methodology intervenes on four complementary levels: a) transfer of knowledge to FC.ID/CIÊNCIAS on key research challenges; b) reinforcing FC.ID and CIÊNCIAS’ positioning in the EU research arena, seeking new alliances with top R&I organisations; c) skill and capacity building for a new generation of young researchers, who will constitute the main capital of the Portuguese University in the years to come; and d) develop a stable framework dedicated to international cooperation and knowledge transfer.\nField of science\n- /social sciences/economics and business/economics/sustainable economy\n- /natural sciences/earth and related environmental sciences/soil science\nCall for proposal\nSee other projects for this call\nFunding SchemeCSA - Coordination and support action\n1160 Brussels Auderghem", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Emergency Authorisation for Acelepryn reapproved for turf\nThe Emergency Authorisation for the use of the Syngenta insecticide, Acelepryn, for the control of chafer grubs and leatherjacket has been reapproved for the 2019 season. The request was applied for by ICL, on behalf of the amenity industry.\nChafer grubs and leatherjackets cause damage to turf through extensive feeding on roots, which can be severe in localised patches. Furthermore, extreme damage can occur when badgers, birds and other foragers root through turf in search of the grubs.\nThe Emergency Authorisation permits Acelepryn use in situations where there is an acknowledged instance of economic damage, or risk of bird strike on airfields, and where the product has been recommended by a BASIS qualified agronomist.\nFind out more\nThis season, ICL’s work has seen the authorisation extended to permit limited use on affected fairways, as well as greens, tees, horse race tracks and airfields.\nAcelepryn can be applied up until 30 September 2019, to cover the key chafer grub and leatherjacket treatment timings - targeted to coincide with egg hatch and initial larval activity.\n‘”Since the withdrawal of effective insecticides, economic damage from chafer grubs and leatherjackets has been of major concern,” reported ICL Technical Manager, Henry Bechelet.\n“Obtaining this Emergency Authorisation of Acelepryn enables us to manage the most damaging effects of these soil pests as part of an integrated turf management programme.”\nThe authorised label permits application at the rate of 0.6 litres per hectare, applied in 600-1000 l/ha water and, ideally, irrigated in after application.\nAcelepryn is supplied through ICL in one litre and, new for 2019, 0.6 litre packs.\nOne application per year is permitted, with the latest time of treatment being 30 September 2019.\nThis season, an on-line turf pest ID guide, to aid the identification of adult stages of key target soil pests and target application timing, is now available on the Syngenta GreenCast website, along with Best Use Guidelines and application advice.\nTurf managers or owners who believe they have suffered economically damaging effects of chafer grubs and leatherjackets are advised to contact their ICL Area Manager or BASIS-qualified agronomist/distributor in the first instance.\nICL Area Managers for Acelepryn enquiries:\nSouth East/East London\nSouth West/West London\nAlternatively contact Syngenta UK Technical Manager:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024\nCooperatives put human beings at the center\nFormer President Bill Clinton and his wife, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, say they are saddened by the passing of former presidential candidate and Sen. George McGovern.\nSenator Bob Dole remembers Senator George McGovern, longtime colleague and co-winner of the 2008 World Food Prize.\nTonight, Iowans remember former Democratic Presidential candidate George McGovern. McGovern passed away in his home state of South Dakota Sunday morning at the age of 90, but helped shape the way the Iowa Caucus is still run to this day.\nThe best and brightest students from 27 states and territories and five countries attended speeches by world renowned leaders, presented their own research, and joined in hunger relief efforts\nThe “Father of the White Revolution” in India won the 1989 World Food Prize for his significant achievements in milk production and distribution\nQuinn honored for Strengthening Food Security in the United States and Around the World\nDr. Aditi Mukherji is the first recipient of the new Norman Borlaug Award for Field Research and Application, Endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation. The annual award will recognize researchers under 40 in the early stages of their work who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication demonstrated by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Dr. Norman Borlaug.\nThe two leaders will be honored for their public service in building economic and agricultural ties with China, and for promoting youth education programs; funds raised at the event will go toward international internships for Iowa students\nThe World Food Prize will host a free public event next week with Roger Thurow, formerly of the Wall Street Journal, and Alan Bjerga, of Bloomberg News\n“Can Greater Des Moines Attract Next Gen Workers?” Des Moines organizations host a dialogue with community leaders and regional interns on what the next generation of talent wants in a community and how to respond to those needs\nBill Gates, Secretary Vilsack and Secretary Duncan also spoke at today’s anniversary celebration\nSecretary of State Hillary Clinton spoke about the importance of food security and the world's water supply at the 2012 World Food Prize Announcement. She was also presented with a replica of Dr. Norman E. Borlaug's Congressional Gold Medal.\nIsraeli Scientist Pioneered Micro-Irrigation and Bridged Cultural Divides to Improve Global Food Supply\nThe May 18, 2012, Symposium on Global Agriculture and Food Security will take place around the G8 Summit.\nIowa High School Students Get Inside Look at Global Careers in Science\nHigh-School students will go abroad this summer to gain firsthand experience at prestigious international research centers, working to alleviate global hunger.\nOp-Ed by Amb. Kenneth M. Quinn, President of the World Food Prize Foundation\nThrough a partnership with Iowa State University, the program will inspire students to explore careers and opportunities in science, agriculture and related fields.\nThe World Food Prize Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation are seeking nominations for the first annual award.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We got funded!\nWe are excited to announce our online food growing hub coming to the Northern Rivers soon! We are currently working on developing a list and instruction on how to grow and consume the 45 perennial foods we currently have on offer.\nThe hub will also act as a registry of who is growing what and how to get some into your garden. We’ve got over 200 seeds saved and we are excited to be able to get these into more gardens in the future! Increasing diversity within our community!\nThe Santos Organics grant round provided us with $5,000 to get this program up and running. If you are interested to be involved please contact us via Facebook. Stay tuned to our newsletter for our upcoming events.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Beautiful when in flower, the apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is a small fruit tree that bears deliciously sweet fruits with a hard, stone core. Proper but limited pruning is necessary to form a well-structured tree in its youth, and then light tip pruning every two to three years thereafter to maintain new branch tip growth. Removal of dead, damaged or diseased material is done anytime of year, but primary pruning tasks should be conducted in very early spring.\nPruning of Young Trees\nRemove all broken twigs and those located lower than 24 inches up the trunk of a 1-year-old sapling apricot tree. Make a crisp, one-motion cut with the pruner blades 1/4 inch above a bud on a broken branch and 1/5 inch above the connection with another branch or trunk of the young tree. Do this pruning in very early spring before any buds have swollen and opened.\nLocate the primary, upright leader stem of the young tree. The \"leader\" is the natural extension of the trunk that forms the central skeletal spine of the tree. Note if an upright leader is entirely missing or if two or more upright central stems co-dominate.\nCut away co-dominant leader twigs so that only one, straight, upright twig remains. This twig is now the central leader for the young tree. Make the cuts on an unwanted, co-dominant twig 1/4 inch above its junction with another twig or main trunk stem.\nPrune off any branches on the tree that have a narrow crotch, those that attach to the main trunk or leader with less than a 45 degree angle. Make the cut 1/5 inch above their attachment to the trunk or leader.\nSelect three to five branches on the tree to retain as the main \"ribs\" of the young tree. Severely reduce each branch back to 1/4 inch above one alive, but dormant, bud. Make the cut crisply and in one motion so that no bark tears back and the twig falls away cleanly. The tree will look thin with one central leader and three to five short arms, each with one bud.\nAllow the young sapling apricot tree to grow fully the first growing season with no further pruning of its branches and leaves.\nRepeat Step 1 in the second year.\nPrune away any twigs that are growing straight up, other than the one central leader. Make the cut 1/5 inch above their attachment to a branch.\nCut off any twigs that grow inward across the center of the tree, and those that are growing into or rubbing another branch. Make the cut 1/5 inch above their attachment to a branch. Also remove any branches growing downward.\nTrim back, by 6 to 10 inches, any side branch from the trunk that is longer than 30 inches. Make the pruning cut 1/4 inch above a lower, dormant bud.\nSelect three to four branches on the overall young tree that will become the permanent structural branches. These branches should be healthy and grow slightly upward and outward from the trunk. The central leader of the tree must be one of the branches selected to remain.\nDo no further pruning of the tree during the second growing season. But remove any broken or dead twigs anytime they are encountered.\nRoutine Pruning of Mature Trees\nRemove any broken, diseased or damaged branches from a mature apricot tree as needed. Annually evaluating the tree in early spring before buds swell and open is ideal. Also remove any short or scrawny small twigs on the trunk or any branches growing downward.\nLightly tip prune branches on the mature apricot every third year. After three to four years the bud clusters on branch tips may degrade or die. Cutting branch tips back by 6 to 12 inches every third spring helps the tree create new twigs with vigorous new growth that will provide better flowering and fruiting potential. Make these light pruning cuts 1/5 inch above a dormant bud on the branch.\nAvoid pruning the tree at all other times of the year and during \"off years\" in the three-year pruning cycle outlined in Step 2. Prune diseased or dead branches at anytime, however.\nThings You Will Need\n- Hand pruners (secateurs)\n- Expect productive side branches on the apricot tree to flower and fruit well for three to four years, after which they will degrade and die. Light tip-pruning every third spring allows for new twig growth and tree renewal.\n- Consider rinsing your pruner blades with rubbing alcohol between different apricot trees as you prune, especially if you are cutting away diseased branches or twigs lined in insect egg sacs.\n- Do not over-prune fruit trees as it reduces the number of flower buds and subsequent fruits.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "My grandfather has an indoor orange tree that he has been cultivating for almost 20 years now. Every year it blooms and gives off at least a few dozen oranges. And they are some of the best oranges you have ever had.\nBut it is a lot of work maintaining a tree like that. Obviously, orange trees are not made to grow indoors so they resist the environment. He has to inspect and car for the tree on an almost daily basis. He seems to like it but I would probably just go to the store and buy a bag of oranges", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thursday, 23 May 2013\nI've been here for a few days on my own now and I'm trying to build a routine. Unfortunately, just like last year, the weather isn't contributing much to my health or happiness. It's cold. Sometimes wet, windy at the moment but consistently cold. Not sure if this is much different to the averages for this time of year but it feels worse than I remember, or maybe I'm just much weaker this year.\nStill, I have quite a lot of the potatoes planted now and managed to womanhandle the rotovator around another patch this morning to prepare it for the last six rows of spuds and some sweet corn. I brought the corn from a nursery in the UK a few weeks ago but it's still hiding in the greenhouse waiting for better times.\nI've planted some bean and pumpkin seeds too, not up yet but they've only been in the propagator a couple of days, they need more time.\nWe've had a light harvest of asparagus, the strawberry bed is looking good, rhubarb and Good King Henry is in abundance and there really doesn't seem to be much to worry about.\nOh, and we have builders working on an improved dairy so that it can become a new utility room and the tractor shed for improved weather proofing there. It's all good.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Answer: In a mix, often one or two are more precocious varieties. Cannas can take a few weeks to get started, and grow faster the warmer the soil is. They also like plenty of water and a very rich soil. If you are worried, you could gently dig down with your fingers and see if the growth tips are swelling and beginning to sprout.\nQ&A Library Searching Tips", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Just rolling some Weed Control Fabric (a.k.a. landscape fabric) out in your garden and not worrying about weeding anymore sounds good. Stopping weeds without dangerous chemicals, and doing it for many years – some give a 25 years guarantee, wow! But is this true, does it work as promised? Here are 4 reasons why we do not use weed control fabric in the garden as a long-term solution, along with some good uses for weed control fabric.\n1. It is unnatural\nEven though it is true that weed control fabric is not a questionable chemical, it still is far from being natural.\nWhen used under mulch, rocks, or even soil, it traps earthworms and other creatures in the ground. These living beings live in the soil and are very beneficial to the soil and our food. Whatever happened to be below the landscape fabric has to stay there, and whatever happened to be above it can not go down anymore. Not a healthy situation. Well, you might not care so much about those thousands of creatures living in our soil, but this is just one of the reasons not to use a weed cloth. Even though I would encourage you to care, these creatures make our soil alive and nutritious.\nWeed Control Fabric is also not biodegradable. Once in, it stays there for many years, creating more and more problems. Over time, it will deteriorate so that removing the fabric in one piece becomes almost impossible.\n2. It does not work\nEven though weed control fabric sounds like the perfect solution against weeds, it does not work as good as one would think. I was weeding the back of our garden the other day. I started in the corner and went towards the pathway. It was a very weedy area.\nI had let the weeds grow, so we could see what comes up since the garden was new to us. While weeding, I was happy to learn that even though there were many weeds, they came out very easily. A previous owner had put wood chips there. It really encouraged me to see how mulch with wood chips really works for the good in a garden.\nRight next to the pathway, however, there were especially many weeds, more than anywhere else. I also had more trouble pulling them. Since it was getting late and I was tired, I blamed it on myself.\nThe next morning we discovered that this higher weed-infested area had weed cloth beneath it. Oops! We have no idea how long that weed control fabric had been there, but we could clearly see that it did not work well. Here’s a picture of the fabric, see how weeds grow right out of it.\nEvery time you put something on top of the weed fabric that turns over time into soil, weeds will grow. Even with rocks, it will take longer, but eventually, enough soil will build up between the rocks, so that weeds will grow.\n3 Makes pulling weeds impossible\nThe bigger problem with Weed Control Fabric is the fact that weeds grow through it. This makes pulling those weeds impossible. Once in there, you will have to replace the landscaping. Here’s a picture of what the weed cloth looked like underneath. Hard to believe, is it? This was very eye-opening for us, and I wanted to share it with you.\nYou see roots everywhere, strong roots that grow right through the fabric. You can not pull those weeds, since the root is under the fabric, the plant above. There is no other way to deal with it than to remove the weed control fabric altogether.\n4. It’s a bad gift for future generations\nWeed control fabric is a bad gift that will stay in the soil for future generations. As you know soil in an urban setting always accumulates over time. That’s why an archaeologist has to dig for treasures. On a smaller scale that also happens with weed control fabric. Weed control fabric that you put into the garden just under some mulch or rocks will stay there and go deeper and deeper into the soil.\nWe live in an older house, the garden has been landscaped for many, many decades. In some areas, while digging, we would discover old weed control fabric buried deep in the soil.\nImagine you plant a tree, and just an inch below the hole you dig is the fabric. You will never know why that tree will not grow healthy roots.\nWe want to create a better world for the future generation, so do not use weed-control fabric in your garden.\nNatural weed control\nWe certainly prefer a more natural way of dealing with weeds. If a weed barrier is needed, newspapers or cardboard work great. They will compost and actually feed worms rather than trap them.\nAdding heavy mulch is the best solution. Some weeds do grow in mulch too but are so easy to pull.\nIn the award-winning book, No Dig Organic Home & Garden Charles Dowding and Stephanie Hafferty explain how to set up a no-dig garden. An annual dressing of compost helps to improve the soil structure and leads to higher fertility and fewer weeds. No-dig organic gardening saves time and work and is a great natural way to do landscaping.\nUses for Weed Control Fabric\nWeed Control Fabric can be used under walking paths and decks. Places where dust and dirt will not find their way between the weed barrier and the surface, so weeds can not grow.\nWeed control fabric is also great as a cover in the garden if you do not use mulch. Cover the garden bed in the fall, so weeds do not grow during the winter (not happening here, but in warmer areas). Or cover in spring, to warm up the soil. Also, warm-season crops like to have the soil warm. Again, weed control fabric can be used here. Just remember not to cover the fabric, so weeds grow, but to use the fabric as a cover. Do not use plastic for this, it will kill all soil life.\nNote that we only recommend using weed control fabric in raised beds that are not connected to the soil. If you build a raised bed in your garden, leave the bottom open, so all the beneficial soil life can move up into your grow bed. Read more in Raised Beds vs Container Gardens.\nI hope this helps you to utilize weed control fabric wisely.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "20 Mesh Sieve at Thomas Scientific mesh 250 m60 mesh 500 m35 mesh 1 mm18 mesh 2 mm10 mesh 4 mm5 mesh 8324A86 set with sieve stack 305 mm 50 mm high to ASTM E11 includes 600 m30 mesh 118 mm16 mesh 236 mm8 mesh 475 mm4 mesh Flour Sifter Sieve and Mill Bakedeco.\nMills It can also be used for grass and pharmacy fine grinding The granular raw materials such as corn sorghum wheat beans etc can be grinded 2 It is derived from tear circle type hammer mill and efficiency can be improved by 4590 comparing to universal hammer mill 3 It can produce qualified aqua feed under full load with.\nThis hammer mill is suitable for biomass pellet industry to pelletize such materials as straw corn stalk peanut shell weed and tree branches and twigs etc Its used for cutting large pieces of material around 30mm into smaller pieces of 25mm making the material suitable for pelletizing.\nThis set of wood hammer mill for sale can grind all kinds of crude fiber and large lump wood materials for instance branch barks roots life solid waste and industrial solid wood wastes etc The diameter of output product can reach 35mm This wood hammer mill has the weldedsteel plate construct.\nHammer mill full sieve design pdf splendidkitchens co za Hammer mill full sieve design pdf hammer mill full sieve design hordo full sieve hammermill for bio mass in gujarat hammer mill full sieve design hammer mill for biomass pellet plant hammer mill is an ideal pulverizing machine for biomass pellet plant or it can be li ne hammer mill designgatewaypreschool pdf.\nFeed Hammer Mill Operating Principle The hammer mill crusher consists of a sliding plate for raw material feeding in crushing chamber and conveyor There is a rotor in the crushing chamber which is comprised of a disc and flexible hammers It also has a sieve for filtration.\n100 made in Taiwan sold to 70 countries Mill Powder Tech is a powder processing equipment supplier with 30 distributors located globally Regardless of grinding system for grains beans sugar and food products Mill Powder Tech delivers GMP and CE certified powder processing equipment in a costeffective manners.\nAccording to the experience of experimentation and use the hammer line speed of hammer mills currently used in China is mostly 8090 ms 22 The Influence of the hammer screen thickness and density to ensure that the mill sieve below the negative 1000 1 500Pa In other words choosing a reasonable fan has a greater impact on the output.\nSOLD used Fitzpatrick DKAS012 FitzMill 316 Stainless Steel VariSpeed Hammer Mill Pan feed 32 Stepped Impact Blades Chamber Dimensions 13 x 11 Discharge Opening 17 x 13 with stainless steel frame and casters 15 HP 230460 volt 1765 rpm stainless steel motor.\nHammer mill sieve with 3 floors for limestone Hammer mill sieve with 3 floors for limestone hammer mill sieve with 3 floors for li ne Home gt gt Quarry Machine limestone quarry gold mining equipment used graphite mining equipment types of mining in south africa buy screenless hammer mill lt coal pulverizer vertical mill assembly photos mill full sieve design pdf voetzorgvrijenburgnl.\nThe poultry feed hammer mill is mainly used in large and medium scale animal feed manufacturing industries and food processing enterprise It can be used for both general grinding and fine grinding Equipped with the removable sieve tooth plates the poultry feed hammer mill is available for different fineness requirements of the feed material.\nIt can do coarse grinding and fine grinding processes and also apply to high moisture high fiber feed crushing Multifunction hammer mill using highquality tungsten carbide spray hammer longer life 2 It can apply to aquatic feed and special feed plants fine powder grinding and also the fine powder processing of the medicineand so on 3.\n2Before starting the machine it is necessary to check if the parts of the unit are fastened the elastic belt is fitted the power cord is in good condition and whether the motor shaft is parallel to the mill shaft or not 3Check to see if the hammer is in good condition the aperture of the sieve.\nHammer mill sieve with floors for li ne bottomless sieve hammer mill Hammer Mill Sieve With 3 Floors For Limestone Equipment No Sieve Bottom Crusher We are a largescale manufacturer specializing in producing various mining machines including different types of sand and gravel equipment milling equipment mineral processing equipment.\nThe hammer mill is a necessary equipment in animal feed pellet plant We supply three types of feed hammer mills this one is called common feed hammer mill mainly used for grinding grain products that are to be made into livestock feed pellets or poultry feed pellets This grinding machine capacity varies according to the fineness.\nEasyMillLab technology allows you to use 3 milling processes in a single platform ensuring simple and efficient use The EasyMill Lab CM 50 is a highperformance conical sieve mill for the calibrating and deagglomeration of any type of milling dry or wet The EasyMillLab RS50 is a rotary sifter for the calibration and deagglomeration of.\nHammer Mill Sieve With 3 Floors For Limestone Equipment Shanghai gangue bottomless sieve hammer mill rock crusher equipment in dubai termedibormioeu shanghai gangue bottomless sieve hammer hammer mill sieve with 3 floors for limestone no sieve bottom crusher structure limestone crusher with sieves limestone crusher with sieves and support online view details.\nWe design and manufacturer a full line of size reduction equipment including hammer mills lumpbreakers wood grinders suitable for any application or industry Request A Quote 18004474634.\n5 A variety of sieve sizes are available to choose and the wrap angle of the sieve is large up to 300 6 Scientific and reasonable hammer arrangement and reasonable gap between hammer blades and the screen ensure uniform fineness of finished products little vibration and high productivity 7.\nCOMBO mini line home PELLET MILL 3HP 120mm Hammer MILL 2hp 1 PHASE 220V or 110v 280000 Free shipping 24 watching USED KAMAS HAMMER MILL H 12 KD WITH 30HP SIEMENS MOTOR 600000 TiBone 3 Titanium Hammer with Milled Face Curved Handle 21999 Free shipping 105 sold 4hp Pellet Mill amp 3hp Hammer Mill Electric Combo Free Shipping.\nThere are a few advantages by using a hammer mill 3 1 The hammer mill are able to produce a wide range of particle sizes 2 It can work with any friable material and fibre 3 Hammer mill is easier to use compare to other mill 4 There is lower initial investment for hammer mill compared with a roller mill 5 The hammer mill only requires.\nFeed Mill Siev Feed Mill Siev Suppliers Directory Find variety Feed Mill Siev Suppliers Manufacturers Companies from around the World at feed mill machine poultry feed mill poultry feed mill plant cost Feed Processing Machines.\nRice hull crusher here means Rice Hammer Mill machine for Paddy Hull or rice husk is widely used in the agriculture field This product breaks up materials like rice hull paddy straw peanut skin etc through the collisions of the fastrotating ram and materials.\nHammer Mill Sieve With 3 Floors For Line Hammer Mill Spare Parts Sieve Half Flat Beater Dll hammer mill spare parts sieve half flat beater etc Hammer Mill Design Screen Position pdf 2016111 Impact grinding The hammer mill crushes soft hammer mill sieve with 3 floors for li ne And Support Online MF2048 Hammermills and Roller Mills KSRE.\nWhile if you manage a large scale feedstuff pelletizing factory the water drop hammer mill is an ideal choice Mixing MachineMixing is one of necessary processing in animal feed pellet line Proper mixing will lead to increase diet uniformity and improve the feedstuff quality.\nMar 08 2010 The automatic screen exchange on the GD Hammer Mill is already a big success we here from our customers Unique in the market is a screen exchange for three screens and the compact design of it as well It gives unprecedented possibilities in the grinding process for grinding to the right particle size without losing production time.\nThe stationary grinding elements ie the sieve rings can equipped with a ring sieve with three grinding jaws and three sieve plates six grinding jaws and six sieve plates or with triangular bars The standard cylindrical sieve perforation ranges from 05 to 300 mm but finely graduated sieve sizes from 01 to 20 mm are also available.\nThe BTM Hammer Mill the BRS Sieve System and the BRS Rotation Sieve are ideally suitable for application in continuous and batch productions as well as research and product development The most outstanding features of our grinding and sieving machines include.\nHammer mill screen manufacturersupplier China hammer mill screen manufacturer amp factory list find qualified Chinese hammer mill screen manufacturers suppliers factories exporters amp wholesalers quickly on MadeinChinacom.\n1 Hammer mill also called Coarse grinding mill and the finished particle size is below 3mm while the impact pulverizers pellets are bigger 2 Hammer mill works as the hammer while the impact pulverizer works by plate extruding 3 Hammer mill constitutes by liner hammer counter version rotor etc while the impact pulverizer has no hammer.\nThe hammer mill is used to reduce the sample size previously crushed to 5 mm size with the Laboratory Crusher see link other producs below in order to perform various tests as for instance the chemical properties of aggregates The grinding operation is obtained by the combination of three efforts impact shear and rebound.\nHigh and New Industrial Zone, Kexue Revenue, Zhengzhou, China", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dominican Republic, world's largest organic banana exporter\n14 images Created 18 Jun 2017\nAccording to FAO, Dominican Republic is the largest producer of organic bananas worldwide, representing more than 55% of the world’s organic banana production. Despite being a relatively small player in the global banana market, the Dominican Republic stands out as its most important source of organic bananas, and is therefore a useful demonstration of common implementation methods, their results, and the challenges faced by producers wishing to change to organic methods. Banana production is concentrated in the Northwest provinces of Valverde and Monte Cristi, and the Southern prvinces of Azua and Barahona. Approximately 95% of Dominican organic banana exports are shipped to the European Union, making up nearly 50% of its supply.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seed Info No. 26\nMetadataShow full item record\nZewdie Bishaw. (8/2/2004). Seed Info No. 26. Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).\nSeed Info aims to stimulate information exchange and communication among seed staff in the Central, West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region. The purpose is to contribute towards the development of stronger national seed programs which supply quality seed to farmers. In the last two issues of Seed Info we present ed a two-part articl e on seed policy issues as affected by international developments. In the first part we described the conceptual framework on the development of seed policy environment arising from the three main functions of seed and the increasing complexity of globalization of policies whereas in the second part we focused on alternative options for the development and implementation of these seed policies in developing countries. In the VIEWS section of this issue we feature the trends in seed legislation in developing countries focusing on deregulation once again by our regular contributor N.P. Louwaars, from Wageningen UR, The Netherlands. The section on SEED PROGRAMS includes news from Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Iran, Morocco and Tunisia. The summary of activities of FHCRAA presents the progress on rehabilitation of agriculture and seed sector in Afghanistan. From Iran we report on the progress of the seed industry development with the establishment of new independent plant variety registration, seed and plant certification institute (PVRSPCI). Readiness of sample divider, for which verifiable evidence is required under quality assurance, is among the factors affecting the accuracy of sample preparation. In the HOW TO section, your regular contributor, Abdoul Aziz Niane presents the calibration of sample dividers. The RESEARCH section is aimed at capturing information on adapt ed research in seed science and technology that are of relevance and of immediate application for seed program development in the region or elsewhere. Within this context Sam Kugbei et al. presents an article comparing forage seed production at research station and at farm levels in northeast Syria. It is a known fact that the commercial potential of forage seed production is limited in developing countries. In this study, costs and revenue data for vetch, barley and lentil drawn from farmers fields in northeast Syria and from seed multiplication plots at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Aleppo, are used to discuss opportunities for commercializing forage seed production. Seed Info is aimed at encouraging exchange of information and a transparent dialogue among professionals to debate and broaden our understanding of issues that affect the seed industry development.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Roadside attraction refreshed\nEAGLE-VAIL – As Toucan Sam would say, “Follow your nose, it always knows.”When in close proximity to the Emerald Acres Farms Produce fruit stand on Eagle Road off state Highway 6, your nostrils may be enticed by the heavy perfume of ripe peaches. While the ownership of the landmark fruit stand recently changed, new owners Marilyn Jones and James Lukinich say they’ll continue to sell fresh Colorado produce, just as their predecessor Ivan Hoefer had done since 1987.Eagle-Vail resident Greg Chrisman was lured in last week. He picked out an apple and tomato, but alas, his nose betrayed him, and Chrisman ended up buying a pear as well. “Our produce tastes fresher; it’s real,” said Sarah Doyle, who works at the fruit stand and boasted the un-waxed fruit and vegetables are picked and brought to market on the same day.\nAt 69, former owner Hoefer said he wanted to get more out of his summers than simply selling produce.”It was getting to be too much for me,” he said. “Doing the stands, it’s seven days a week, and your summer is gone before you even have a chance to use it. I want to do a couple things before I get too old to do it.”Hoefer said he’s looking forward to fishing and indulging in his hobby of collecting cars. “I wanted to see the stand continue on for the people of the Vail Valley,” he said. “It was a lot of fun, and I kind of miss that, but this old body … there are just a lot of other things I’d like to do.”Lukinich, an arborist and plumber, said he and Jones, a flight attendant, purchased the fruit stand in June for “a change of pace.” They expected the pace to be a little slower than their usual hectic lives, but they were quite mistaken.\n“It’s turning out to be a little quicker than we anticipated,” Lukinich said. “It’s not as easy as it sounds.”As the popularity of farmers markets grows and grocery stores continue to expand their selections, the fruit stand is feeling the financial pinch, but both old and new owners have faith in their clientele. “Eagle-Vail as a neighborhood, they covet the stand,” Jones said. “They protect it. They feel like its theirs. They know exactly when the corn, the tomatoes, the roasted chilies are coming in. They support the local farmers, the little people.”They said their love of the people and food compels them to continue.\n“We believe in fresh produce and good nutritious food,” Jones said. “Being able to go to work and have someone thank you for being there makes it worthwhile.”Although the couple has faced a few bumps along the road to owning a business, they said they haven’t looked back and look forward to improving next year.”We’re going to try to run every day next year, and go into November,” Lukinich said. “We’re working on our timing, and we’re going to get all our orders in on time. We’re going to really work on it.”============Emerald Acres Farms Produce, the fruit stand on Eagle Road off state Highway 6, will host a pumpkin patch with a variety of fall produce and bales of hay for the Halloween season this week. The fruit stand will close at the end of October.\nSupport Local Journalism\nStart a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.\nIf you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.\nUser Legend: Moderator Trusted User\nDue to budget shortfalls, Vail Resorts has pulled this winter’s funding for its cloud seeding program — the longest-running in the state at 44 years — potentially reducing the amount of water flowing down the…", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Brassica juncea is a high biomass crop species, whose suitability for phytoremediation of copper mine tailings amended with technosol has been recently documented. Although soil water availability is a parameter of critical importance, not much has been reported about its effect on phytoremediation. In this study, six treatments comprised by the combination of two mine soil-technosol mixtures and three soil moisture regimes were used to evaluate the influence of soil moisture on the growth of B. juncea in the amended mine soil, and assess its impact on phytoremediation. The results suggest that higher soil moisture improves the growth and development of B. juncea in copper mine soils amended with technosol, favoring the accumulation of greater amounts of Cu and Zn in the shoots and consequently, the phytoremediation of these soils.\n|Number of pages||4|\n|Journal||Fresenius Environmental Bulletin|\n|Publication status||Print publication - 2014|\n- Indian mustard\n- Soil moisture", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(Polish title: Koszty transakcyjne ponoszone przez ARiMR na pozyskiwanie wsparcia unijnego dla polskiej wsi i rolnictwa w latach 2004-2010). The author of the article tries to estimate the value of transaction costs incurred by the Agency for the Development and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR) in the process of securing EU support for Polish agriculture and rural areas in 2004-2010 and to determine the effectiveness of that process and its cost intensity. The conducted analysis has indicated that ARiMR belongs to the group of institutions of this type that are considered to be effective.\nFinanced by the National Centre for Research and Development under grant No. SP/I/1/77065/10 by the strategic scientific research and experimental development program:\nSYNAT - “Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information”.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Globally, approximately 3 million tons of olive oil is currently produced on an annual basis. Nearly 90% of this production is crushed and pressed in the making of olive oil; the remaining 10%, consumed as fruit. Spain currently produces over 44% of the world’s supply of olive oil for human consumption: Italy is second with about 22%. Greece and Tunisia are also major producers of olive oil.\nCalifornia first began the cultivation of the olive tree and subsequent production of olive oil in the late 1800’s. Although the State has recently designated olive tree cultivation an agricultural commodity priority, at this time, production of olive oil accounts for a mere 0.5% of the world’s production. However, increase in production has been rapidly increasing since approximately 2003. In addition, olive orchards and full scale production are also beginning to appear in Arizona, and Texas. Much of the production in the United States is geared toward “high end” grades to better compete with the less expensive global importation. Domestic olive oil producers currently supply less than 2.5% of the American oil consumption- almost 98% is imported.\nMany countries take pride in their olive commerce, as well as quality of product. Major Italian producers take pride for being known as “Citta dell “Olio”, or loosely translated, “oil cities.” This label is easily identified on the large metal containers and bottles found on the supermarket shelf from such oil cities as Lucca, Florence, and Siena.\nGreece is far and away the largest per capita consumer of olive oil with a reported (2010) consumption of over 26 liters per person annually. By comparison, the average American consumes less than 0.70 liters annually, however, this number has been increasing rapidly from about 30% consumption in all households in 2005 to about 50% of all households today. Since the renowned “Mediterranean Diet” and all of its heart conscious attributes rely on prodigious olive oil consumption, it is no wonder that Americans are looking to their counterparts in Greece and other Mediterranean countries in pursuit of health conscious food consumption.\nJedwards International imports the following olive oil products from the major producers in the world assuring a reliable and consistent product. Our olive oils are provided in pail, gallon and drum quantities to suit your needs.\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Extra Virgin\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Extra Virgin Organic\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Extra Virgin RBD (refined/bleached/deodorized)\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Pomace: Used in both soaps and culinary\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Pure: Used in culinary and cosmetics\n- Bulk Olive Oil-Squalane: Used as an emollient and moisturizer\nClick here to check out Jedward’s bulk wholesale pricing of olive oil.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Last month, Spacebel – coordinator of the NADiRA project – attended the Libramont Fair in Belgium, an international event dedicated to agriculture, forestry and agro-food which attracts over 200,000 visitors every year.\nAt the heart of the connected agriculture – Smart farming pole, this event was the opportunity to present the NADiRA project whose objective is to transform and secure agriculture in Africa through digital technologies. By connecting smallholder producers with banks, insurances, suppliers and agro-industries and integrating Earth Observation products, connected sensors and mobile technology, NADiRA offers key information to stakeholders to invest in small farms and thus develop productivity.\nLearn more :\n- Smart Farming, retour sur la Foire de Libramont – FR\n- Smart farming pole – Libramont Fair – FR\n- Press release Libramont Fair – Digital Wallonia – FR\n- Spacebel – news", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "William Cox's passion his extension/research appointment emanates from a strong desire to support New York agriculture. To support that passion, Bill conducts a vigorous applied research program that focuses exclusively on New York agriculture. Last year, he conducted over 50 experiments at the Aurora Research Farm and on 11 farms throughout New York State to determine the best corn silage hybrids, soybeans varieties, and management practices for corn, soybean, and wheat.\nStephen DeGloria's areas of expertise are in Resource Inventory, Mapping, and Analysis; Remote Sensing; Geographic Information Systems; Environmental Information Science; Soil Survey, Interpretations, and Conservation\nDr. Fick has studied the ecology and management of forage crops since he came to Cornell University. He has been especially interested in alfalfa and in methods of predicting alfalfa forage quality as the crop is growing in the field. In addition, he has been teaching three or four subjects each year related to forage crops, sustainable agriculture, and research methods.\nRussell Hahn joined the Integrated Field Crop and Soil extension team at Cornell in 1974. As an extension specialist, his mission is to evaluate weed management strategies for agronomic crops in NY State, to incorporate the results into management guidelines, and to conduct educational programs on the implementation of these guidelines.\nRalph Obendorf's research addresses factors and functions that regulate seed growth, seed maturation, tolerance to desiccation, and seed performance. His work on soluble carbohydrates in seeds as related to desiccation tolerance and germination led to the discovery of new health-related compounds in seeds.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pyracomeles Berry Box™\nEnter your zip code to verify compatibilty with your zone.\nFeatures to Note\nBased on your zip code, Change Zip Codes\nThe USDA hardiness zones offer a guide to varieties that will grow well in certain climates. Each zone corresponds to the minimum winter temperatures experienced in a given area. Make sure that your hardiness zone lies within the zone compatibility range of this variety before ordering.\nA Proven Winners® ColorChoice® Flowering Shrubs variety, Pyracomeles Berry Box™ is an evergreen shrub offering year-round interest. Showy from spring through fall, this charming little pyracantha-esque shrub is covered in white button-like blooms spring through fall, followed by abundant pea-sized berries that turn from orange to red, providing a tasty treat for birds.\nPyracomeles Berry Box has a compact, mounded habit of medium green leaves. It makes a lovely specimen but is shown to best effect massed or grouped in beds, borders, foundation plantings, and hedges.\nAn easy grow, easy care shrub, Berry Box grows best in sunny to partly sunny locations with any well-drained soil. It is heat and drought tolerant and disease resistant.\n|Bloom Season Start:||Early Spring|\n|Bloom Season End:||Early Fall|\n|USDA Zone Low:||7|\n|USDA Zone High:||9|\n|Uses:||Beds, Border, Containers, Fall Color, Hedge, Specimen|\n|Zone:||7, 8, 9|\n|State Shipping Restrictions:||GU, HI, ID, PR, VI|\n|Shipping Method Restrictions:||none|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Origin: Costa Rica (Single-Origin)\n- Region: Central Valley\n- Tasting Notes: Floral, lemon, lime, grapefruit, sweet cocoa\n- Roast Level: Medium\n- Cultivar: Geisha\n- Elevation: 1300 metres\n- Producer: Hacienda Sonora\n- Process: Full honey, demucilaged\nHacienda Sonora, Costa Rica specializes in creating unique green coffee for those who seek exotic and well rounded cups.Their micro coffee mill is built in the heart of Hacienda Sonora next to a traditional 150-year-old sugar cane mill that is preserved intact. All of the machines in the mill are tuned to perform in the best most efficient manner, using the energy harvested within the farm.\nAll coffee is processed using the honey and natural methods. Both of these methods require a lot more work and care than the traditional fully washed, however, it all makes sense when you taste the results in the cup. By playing and trying different techniques with these two methods they have been able to obtain distinct sweetness, with all types of cacao and enhanced fruit notes that complement the body of their cup profiles with their different varietals.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "At the end of the dry season the Shire River is far below its banks, and this is the river that hydro-powers much of the electricity for the country. More than the loss of power, this drought has led to a failing or diminished maize crop, with prices doubling for the food source that provides 70% of a typical Malawian’s caloric intake. With two droughts in a row, Malawi is feeling climate change harder than most.\nFor more details, this reporting by IRIN — “The Inside Story on Emergencies” — offers insights into why managing fire and supporting forestry and agriculture here is key.\nAs Madalitso Kateta (https://www.irinnews.org/authors/madalitso-kateta) reports:\nTwo dry seasons in a row have prompted a wake-up call over the threat of climate change, the vulnerability of Malawi’s rain-fed drought sensitive maize crop, and the rural poverty that undermines resilience.\nMinister of Agriculture Allan Chiyembekeza has called on farmers to diversify, warning that the government can only do so much. “When there is a calamity, everyone blames government, yet it can only help where it can,” he said.\nJames Okoth of the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization urges the government and farmers to use the latest irrigation technologies to modernise production.\n“We also need to encourage subsistence farmers to plant crops that resist the waves of climate change such as cassava and potatoes,” he told IRIN.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In 1996 the first biotech crop was commercialized, but already the global production of biotech crops is expected to exceed 200 billion dollars. The U.S is the leading producer of biotech crops and these crops are cotton, corn, canola, soybeans, flax, melon, papaya, potatoes, rice, sugar beets and tomato. The second largest investor in biotech crop research is China, and other countries have cultivated biotech crops as well, perhaps contributing to greater rural farm incomes.\nBiosafety Protocol to the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity is expected to regulate biotech crop produce especially with regard to exporting of GM seeds. But there doesn't appear to be any constraints on GM products in processed foods or in GM grains for human use.\nResearch efforts on biotech crops\nToday more than sixty countries are engaged in research on genetically modified crops which is focused on having advantageous traits, as for example, potatoes resistant to fungus, peas that are resistant to herbicides, and genetic research in cucumbers, bananas, peanuts, onions, tobacco and several others.\nHere are some of the leading research efforts currently underway in biotech crops.\nA leading US rice breeder Susan McCouch who is credited with publishing the first molecular map of the rice genome has also succeeded in crossing commercial rice varieties with wild species (crosses between the high yielding Oryza sativa rice cultivars and a low yielding wild variety O.rufipogen) resulting in almost 20 percent yield increase. This means that phenotypically inferior wild varieties can positively impact rice yields. From a biotechnology perspective it also means that naturally occurring genetic variations could be added to the genetic pool of crop varieties and improve yields of our food crops.\nThe Rockefeller Foundation is an umbrella organization that brings within its ambit biotech research laboratories and companies to provide free consultation services to developing countries to increase their food production, and assist researchers as well. In the sub-Saharan Africa, this foundation supports seven crops relevant to this region and addresses the crop constraints namely, maize (stem borers and foliar diseases), cassava (mosaic virus and green mites), rice (drought and gall midge), sorghum (stem borers and striga), banana(nematodes and weevils), cowpea (viruses and bruchids) and beans (angular leaf spot).\nAn American molecular biologist Richard Jefferson runs a non-profit biotech research institute in Canberra that focuses on making available biotech tools of innovation to farmers in developing and developed countries. To the farmer they provide several cutting edge technologies such as:\n• Transbacter™ which is a technology that uses bacterial species not related to the genus Agrobacterium as a method of gene transfer for plants. Thus patent restrictions relating to Agrobacterium transformation can be overcome.\n• Diversity arrays to help researchers analyze plants\n• GusPlus a reporter gene that is used in plant transformation\nAdvantages of biotech crops\nInsect and herbicide resistance are the common traits that can be seen in biotech crops. The former is achieved by inserting a gene found in a soil bacterium while the latter allows crops to withstand herbicides. Herbicide resistant crops allow farmers to practice no-till farming which counters soil erosion.\nBiotech crops could enhance nutritional benefits as for example soybeans could be engineered with heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids\nBiotech crops could fight plant diseases effectively, as for example take the case of banana trees that can resist leaf spot disease caused by fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis.\nBiotech crops could increase crop yields substantially as for instance GM corn that has helped raise output by one and a half million tones.\nDisadvantages of biotech crops\nThere could be a mismatch between land used for crop cultivation and land ploughed to make biofuel feedstock and therefore there could be problems with crop productivity. A possible solution would be to rely more on non-crop biofuel feedstocks\nThere are inherent risks in genetic transfer or gene flow from GM crops as for example when wild sunflowers where crossed with GM sunflower resistant to moth larvae, the weedy sunflowers became sturdier like superweed. Similarly gene flow between genetically modified sugar beets and their wilder varieties have been noted.\nThe concept of biopharming has increased the risk of undesirable gene flow. The fact that medically important proteins could be made in corn kernels rather than in expensive fermentors raises the question, do you want to have medicines made in your food grains?\nKenyan biologist Florence Wambugu is a leading proponent of biotech crops, famously known for developing GM sweet potato with viral resistance. Although much was expected from this genetic modification, it failed miserably in terms of yield to the farmer.\nBiotech crops have raised concerns in developing countries in that it could negatively impact their exports. The touted reason is, genetic modification could allow tropical crops to be grown elsewhere as for example in colder climes. Another example is, what if canola plants could be genetically engineered to produce lauric acid, which would mean a threat to Phillipino farmers who rely on palm trees and coconut trees to produce lauric acid oils.\nAlthough crop biotechnology is now more than 20 years old, in future it will be even more consequential for us, since it will boost food grain production manifold.\nIn the coming decade, phenomenal advances in crop biotechnology are expected especially with regard to commercial and scientific applications so as to cater to several unmet needs. For example in the African region, many farmers loose their crops to the scourge of witchweed (a parasitic plant of the genus Striga) which destroys corn and sorghum plants. So far there is no biotech solution to this.\nPerhaps crop biotechnology is a natural step in the evolution of agriculture, as that has translated to transgenic foods which have now been used for over a decade. May be some would reckon with these foods as being unsafe, but if biotech can help produce better seeds for growing more food in Asia and African deserts what is the harm?\nFurthermore, biotech crops are more likely to be developed in Asia and other regions as the need for food grains is more there.\nAbout Author / Additional Info:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For 70 years, the FNSEA was the most important, and perhaps even the only, syndicate for French farmers. Since the beginning of the 1990s, two dissident organizations have been vying to bring another voice: they are the Confédération Paysanne and the Coordination Rurale, respectively the third and second representatives. (Article in French)\nOn January 19, 2016, the Conference on Agriculture and Food was held in Saint-Denis. At the event, the Confédération Paysanne, together with twenty citizen organizations, presented 13 grievances. (Article in French)\nJust as Manuel Valls is calling on “everyone to assume responsibility,” geographer Gilles Fumey and philosopher Olivier Assouly have written an op-ed in the Libération suggesting that the FNSEA should be put on trial.\nAfter meeting at the Élysée on Monday, the FNSEA has promised to assemble a thousand tractors in Paris on September 3rd in order to get the government to “extend” the emergency plan, announced in July, to resolve the livestock farming crisis. (Article in French)\nThis afternoon, the majority of the agricultural unions were invited to meet with Stéphane Le Foll at the Ministry of Agriculture. (Article in French)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "DetailsBlack Gold Garden Compost can be used to amend soil in containers as well as outdoor gardens. Black Gold Garden Compost contains Canadian sphagnum peat moss, compost and forest humus. This mix improves soil texture and moisture retention, encourages beneficial microorganisms and contributes important micronutrients. OMRI Listed.\n- Details & Instructions\n- Customer Q&A", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A Transdisciplinary, Participatory and Action-oriented Approach\nV. Ernesto Méndez, Christopher M. Bacon,Roseann Cohen, Stephen R. Gliessman, 2020, CRC Press, 284 p., ISBN 9780367436018\nAgroecology: A Transdisciplinary, Participatory and Action-oriented Approach is the first book to focus on agroecology as a transdisciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented process. Using a combined theoretical and practical approach, this collection of work engages social actors on different geo-political scales to transform the global agrifood system.\nAn explicit and critical discussion of diverse perspectives in the growing field of agroecology, this book covers the conceptual and empirical material of an agroecological approach that aspires to be more transdisciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented. In addition to illustrating systems of agroecology that will improve food systems around the world, it lays the groundwork for further innovations to create better sustainability for all people, ecologies, and landscapes.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "World Food Day: Radha Mohan Singh calls for change in farming practices\n- Narendra Modi holds talks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel\n- Walmart nominates McDonald’s CEO Steve Easterbrook to board\n- Apple to replace some MacBook Pro faulty batteries\n- Karnataka elections: JD(S) leader HD Kumaraswamy files his 2nd nomination from Channapatna\n- Karnataka elections: BJP names Karunakar Reddy from Harapannahalli in 3rd list\nNew Delhi: Describing climate change as the biggest challenge for agriculture, Union agriculture minister Radha Mohan Singh on Sunday urged farmers to change agricultural practices and cropping patterns.\n“I would like to draw your attention to the biggest challenge facing agriculture. That challenge is climate change. Climate change has a direct impact on food production and the poor are the worst hit,” Singh said in a World Food Day message to farmers.\n“We have to adapt ourselves to climate change by appropriately changing our agricultural practices and cropping patterns. We also have to be prudent in the use of pesticides and other chemicals because these chemicals are source of greenhouse gas emissions. Obviously, we will have to take care of the nature and the environment while practicing agriculture,” he added.\nThe minister also said India has been trying to promote climate resilient practices to adapt agriculture to climate change.\n“We are also emphasizing on the protection of our indigenous genetic resources, utilization of traditional knowledge and preservation of our agricultural heritage,” he added.\nThis year, World Food Day, celebrated annually on 16 October, has the theme of “Climate is changing. Food and agriculture must too.”\nAgriculture is one of the sectors affected by climate change, and at the same time also accounts for 24% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which cause climate change.\nAs per estimates, global food waste and loss accounts for around 3.3 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent per year.\nStudies have estimated that 30-40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers.\nEarlier this year, a study by Germany-based Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) said that up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and better distribution.\nThe agriculture minister said in India too large quantities of “food grains and food” are wasted, adding “We should try not to waste even a single grain of food.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mid July - a time of green, growth and the start of fun. This picture was taken of the garden last night at 10pm, you have to love the land of the midnight sun.\nWe are still loving peas, zucchini, cucumbers and tomatoes. The beets are getting bigger and bigger and I am starting to think I can start pulling some soon. The broccoli all have heads and it will be the week we start eating and setting some aside for winter for sure. The kids are starting to learn what summer is with zucchini in a different form every night for dinner and zucchini cakes and breads coming out of the oven all the time. The green beans all have flowers and oh how I can't wait to start eating those too. The pumpkin plants, the ones I was so worried about back in early June, have decided they do love life and are getting big and full. The one thing I did this week was pull all my lettuce out of the planter box on the deck and reseeded with a new pack of seeds. My current batch had bolted, was bitter and the aphids were taking over. I am hoping by early/mid August we will have a new batch of lettuce to carry us through to fall. That and my neighbor gave me some tobacco juice to spray on the aphids, he says it works great - I will just have to give it a try.\nAlso going well are the bees. People have been asking for awhile for pictures and with my mother-in-law with me I was able to get a few this past week. I don't normally EVER bee keep in shorts it just happened to be what was going that day and it was ok. But don't worry, my legs will always be covered when I open that hive again.\nThis is my neighbor I am learning from. He is great and I am so thankful for his wisdom, mentorship and friendship that these bees have brought.\nThe big thing with bees is that it isn't too windy or wet and that there are flowers around. This summer has been good on all three aspects. And just so you know, honey made from Alaskan fireweed flowers - amazing. So excited to be on this journey for sure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Developers of certain genetically engineered plants benefited from limited regulatory relief in 2020 as USDA promulgated final amendments to the 7 C.F.R. Part 340 regulations governing interstate movement of certain genetically engineered plants. The movement of soil and non-genetically engineered microbes may still require permits under 7 C.F.R. Part 330. In this webinar, Wiley Environment & Product Regulation partner Martha Marrapese addresses the regulatory requirements applicable to non-GE microbes and microalgae.\nPress CTRL+C to copy embed code to clipboard", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Uralla farmers Anita Taylor and Sarah Burrows start up abattoir with help from Jobs for NSW’s Local Innovation Network\nUralla farmers Anita Taylor and Sarah Burrows have developed an on-farm abattoir supplying ethically processed and sustainable meat.\nTheir lightweight, mobile platform will be able to process cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, deer, and kangaroos.\nThey will trial their prototype as soon as possible, then move to commercial production.\nRead the full article here", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When your irrigation system stops working properly, it can lead to an expensive water bill. To help you improve your water efficiency, we install micro irrigation systems. We'll also repair busted pipes, wiring, heads, control boxes, valves.\n• Additions to irrigation and move irrigation system\n• Sprinkler checks and repair\n• Water / valve location and valve repair\nOver 15 years of experience\nIs your irrigation system on the fritz? Call for your FREE estimate today.\nRewards program available\nEfficient irrigation systems", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seven Indiana farmer leaders from the Indiana Corn Marketing Council and Indiana Corn Growers Association have been named to National Corn Growers Association committees to build corn markets, conduct research and analyze policy to support market development for the national organization in the upcoming year. “Indiana corn farmers have a tremendous track record of engagement on critical issues impacting the corn market, and we’re proud of these seven leaders will make on the national level,” said Herb Ringel, ICGA President and a farmer from Wabash. “I look forward to their contributions and know they’ll continue to represent our state well.”\nThe following Indiana corn farmers received appointments:\nRonnie Mohr, Greenfield – Mohr, a farmer from Hancock County, was named Vice Chairman of NCGA’s Production & Stewardship Action Team. The team is charged with addressing issues related to corn production, environmental stewardship, transportation and livestock. Mohr serves on the Indiana Corn Growers Association and Indiana Corn Marketing Council Board of Directors.\nDennis Maple, Greentown – Maple, a farmer from Howard County, was named Vice Chairman of the Research & Business Development Action Team. The team is responsible for business development opportunities, including research in corn processing, bio-renewable products, new uses, nanotechnology, genomics and phenotyping. Maple serves as President of the Indiana Corn Marketing Council.\nMike Beard, Frankfort – Beard, a farmer from Clinton County, was named to the Trade Policy & Biotechnology Action Team, which supports biotechnology availability, marketability, education and acceptance around the world while protecting the integrity of U.S. corn. Beard is a member of the Indiana Corn Growers Association and Indiana Corn Marketing Council Board of Directors.\nDavid Gottbrath, New Pekin – Gottbrath will serve on the NCGA Ethanol Committee. A farmer from Washington County, Gottbrath will work on the committee charged with ensuring production, utilization, and promotion of corn-based biofuels; and to advocate for increased production and consumption of domestic renewable energy resources. He serves on the Indiana Corn Marketing Council Board of Directors and as an ex-officio member of the Indiana Corn Growers Association Board of Directors.\nSarah Delbecq, Auburn – Delbecq, who farms in DeKalb County, will serve on the NCGA Public Policy Action Team. The committee is responsible for federal agriculture policy and regulatory matters, farm and risk management programs, rural economic development and tax policy reform. Delbecq serves on the Indiana Corn Growers Association Board of Directors\nMike Buis, Martinsville – Buis will serve on the committee overseeing NCGA’s Corn Political Action Committee. As part of the CornPAC Board, the farmer from Putnam County will work to promote the public policy goals of corn producers and their related agricultural interests. Buis serves on the Indiana Corn Marketing Council and as an ex-officio member of the Indiana Corn Growers Association Board.\nMark Bacon, Milroy – The Rush County farmer was named to the NCGA Bylaws Committee. One of NCGA’s standing committees, members of the Bylaws committee focus on internal policies and governance. Bacon is a member of the Indiana Corn Marketing Council Board of Directors.\nIn addition to seven farmers, four Indiana Corn staff were named to advisory roles on NCGA committees. COO Greg Noble will advise the NASCAR committee, while Director of Biofuels Ken Parrent will advise the Ethanol Committee. Public Affairs Manager Patrick Pfingsten will advise the Trade Policy & Biotechnology Action Team and Industry Relations Program Manager Katie Thomas Glick will advise the Grower Services Action Team.\nThe one year appointments are effective October 1.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Also, according to the UN food reports, we produce enough non-meat to feed the world population twice over. If we took meat production out of the equasion (which I vaguely recall consumes some of that production, as does biofuel programs), I would imagine that we would be growing less crops overall due to a decrease in overall demand. Depends on how the transition (from using crops to feed livestock --> not using crops to feed livestock) played out.\nMethane gas from a cows bottom takes a rather long time for the atmosphere to process out, where carbon dioxide takes very little. There is also the highly inefficient transportation of livestock to slaugher, then from slaughter to packing (this step is typically necessary for hygine purposes but some slaughter plants also cut and pack), and packing to store. Veggies can go from farmers field (with pre-inspection) to farmers market or super market. In this case can does not necessarily mean should, but it is noteworthy. Or, personal garden to dinner table.As for Serpentine's point, I once again never said everyone everywhere should stop eating meat entirely, and fully recognize it can be a sustainable practice. That doesn't change the fact that the meat industry is one of the leading causes behind deforestation and has a huge impact on greenhouse gasses.\nThen there is the runoff from high density feedlots and slaugher plants. It's been blamed on... well quite a few things. And it uses up copious amounts of water.\nEnvironmental reasons are probably the most noteworthy arguement for reduction of meat servings in one's diet. The moral arguement is not really objective, the diet arguement is kind of a gray area, but the environmental arguement is pretty solid. The harm caused is noticeable, but it depends entirely on the source.\nI'm a moderate sort of person, hence why I think that cutting back to sustainable-only would solve most but not all of the issue. At worst it gets rid of the environmental arguement, and leaves the moral and diet arguements which largely boil down to personal choices.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Before planting the seeds you will need to gently scratch / scrape their outer surface and soak them in room\\temperature water (20°C/68°F) for 16-24 hours.\nYou will only need to sow about 7 seeds in each pot. You can keep the rest in the\npacket and stored in a cool, dark place for future use (be aware of the expiration\nPlace the peat soil disc in the middle of a large bowl and pure ½ a glass of room\ntemperature water around it. Then slowly add small portions of water on the disc and\nlet the soil expand on its own. Repeat this process until it reaches about 6-7 times its\noriginal size. It can take 20-30 minutes for the full process. Once the disc is expanded,\ncrumble the soil, squeeze it firmly to drain any excess water. Continue to drain the\nwater until the soil is slightly wet, yet fluffy and does not have water dripping out.\nUsing your finger, create multiple small ¼ inch holes in the soil and place a single seed in\neach hole. A pot should contain about 7 seeds. Gently cover the seeds with about ½ inch\nof the remaining soil. Do not press or tighten the soil on top of the seeds. Spray some\nwater on top of the soil to moisten it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Are you an international student?\nVisit the International Students section on our website to find out the latest news and everything you need to know about studying in Malaysia.\nMSc Crop Biotechnology explores the application and future potential of plant biotechnology in crop production systems. It will provide you with an advanced knowledge and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical, practical and transferable skills of crop biotechnology and allied biotechnologies.\nThe MSc offers the exciting opportunity to study at advanced level in an internationally important and rapidly advancing area which offers prestigious career opportunities for well qualified graduates. We also offer the crop biotechnology programme at postgraduate diploma and postgraduate certificate level.\nThe MSc Crop Biotechnology is designed to encourage you\nto learn the practical aspects of biotechnology companies,research stations, plantations and other relevant institutions.It will provide you with an advanced knowledge and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical, practical and transferable skills of crop biotechnology and allied biotechnologies, placing you in an excellent position to undertake research or develop a leading career in the fields of crop biotechnology, genome research and related agro-industries.\nAt least a second class honours degree (or international equivalent) in an agricultural, biological or other relevant science subjects. Relevant workplace experience may be considered in some circumstances. Applicants must have graduated from an approved university. Other equivalent qualifications will be considered on a case-by-case basis.\nEnglish language requirements\nIELTS: 6.0 (with no less than 5.5 in each element) TOEFL (iBT): 79 (minimum 17 in Writing and Listening, 18 in Reading, 20 in Speaking) PTE (Academic): 55 (with no less than 51 in each element) IELTS and TOEFL test results must be less than 2 years old and all IELTS must be the academic version of the test", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In our new MW Perspectives essay, Stephen Skelton MW explores the main challenges facing growers in Great Britain. Read an excerpt below, and find the whole thing in our MW Perspectives section.\nGrapevines are not native to the British Isles, and there are no wild examples. It is claimed that the Romans introduced them, although the archaeological evidence for this is almost non-existent. After the Romans left around 400 CE, over six centuries passed before the next invaders, the Normans, landed near Hastings in 1066. We know with certainty that at this time, vineyards were planted, grapes harvested, and wine made, albeit in small quantities. However, despite these vineyards and several others that followed over the decades and centuries, none survived. Why? The climate. It was simply not warm enough to produce grapes that were sufficiently ripe, in terms of both natural sugar levels and acid levels, to make palatable wine consistently. In addition, yield levels were not high enough to make the establishment of a vineyard a commercial enterprise. Of course, the grape varieties available before the 1950s were only suitable for growing in the (much warmer) traditional winegrowing regions of the world, and without modern pesticides, growers found that keeping mildews and rots off their precious crops was an impossible task. Viticulture has now taken off in Great Britain, but significant challenges remain, tied to these initial struggles with climate.\nThe vine is a plant whose modus operandi of survival is to produce grapes sweet enough for birds and wild animals to put on the menu, thus spreading the seeds of future generations. In Britain, until the late 19th and early 20th centuries, neither the actual climate nor the social climate made wine production from home-grown grapes a commercially viable enterprise, despite numerous attempts. The last great experiment in viticulture—before the current revival—was by the Marquess of Bute at Castell Coch in South Wales, where between 1875 and 1920, the incredibly wealthy marquess planted (at maximum) a total of 13 acres of vines, with wine being made at Cardiff Castle. This experiment ended during the First World War, when sugar became unavailable. The marquess’s gardener, Mr. Pettigrew, said that in 45 years, the grapes only fully ripened in 7 years.\nThe modern revival began at the end of the Second World War, when one intrepid soul, Raymond Brock, attempting to grow non-native fruits that had stopped being imported during the war, set out to grow grapes for both the table and wine. Brock was a businessman running a firm of scientific instrument makers, and he set out to collect samples of grape varieties growing in Britain in gardens, in “vineries” (greenhouses), and against open walls. To supplement this collection, and once the war was over, Brock’s searches extended to the European mainland, where he gathered further varieties from German, French, and Swiss nurseries as well as from research establishments. He started publishing the results and by 1950 had identified two varieties he thought stood a chance of ripening in Britain: Müller-Thurgau (then known in its Swiss homeland as Riesling Sylvaner) and a French-American hybrid, Seyve Villard 5-276, now typically known as Seyval Blanc. It was these two varieties that formed the basis of most of the first few commercial vineyards to be planted in Britain. The first, Hambledon Vineyard in Hampshire, was planted in 1952 and by 1955 was harvesting its initial crop, the first English wine of the modern era. Within a few years, two more vineyards had been planted, and these three formed the testbed that persuaded others to follow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Last week we found out just what was going on in the vineyards east of Toronto with Dan Sullivan of Rosehall Run. This week we head out west to just outside of Stratford, Perth County to speak with veritable polymath Antony John of Soiled Reputation fame about the organic bounty currently erupting from the dirt of his farm.\nAntony and his wife Tina VandenHeuvel have been tilling the soils of their Soiled Reputation farm since 1995, and today their 80 acre property has 40 acres that are certified organic. Soiled Reputation harvest a plethora of gourmet greens and heirloom vegetables that take pride of place on many a menu card in Ontario’s very best restaurants.\nAntony and I sat down on a deck overlooking his property where a group of 11 workers (and one of the farm’s many cats) laboured in the sunshine, harvesting a crop of beautiful haricots verts bound for the dinner tables of the most discerning…\nEdinburgh-born/Toronto-based Sommelier, consultant, writer, judge and educator Jamie Drummond is the Director of Programs/Editor of Good Food Revolution… and he MUST remember that it is Antony John… and not Anthony Johns!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), our food and yard waste makes up 20 to 30 percent of what we throw away. Why does that matter? Because not only could all that waste still be put to good use, it's bleeding us dry: The United States now spends $218 billion producing, transporting, and discarding food that isn't eaten.\nEnter composting, which is the practice of saving and gathering all that waste in one pile, making sure it gets the right amount of water and air in order to break down, and then using the resulting mixture to nourish and enrich soil. The benefits? Composting reduces the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, diverts waste from landfills, and lowers methane emissions.\n\"Any time you can go in the direction of zero-waste, you're on the right path because you're considering the environment.,\" says Pashon Murray, owner of Detroit Dirt, an organization that creates compost for businesses through a closed-loop system that keeps tons of food waste out of the landfills and regenerates that waste into soil and promotes healthy food growth. \"I want people to connect back to the soil and the Earth.\"\nSounds good to us! Here's how to get started.\nWhat Goes Into Compost?\nCompost consists of two types of waste: food scraps or \"green material,\" which can be vegetable or fruit waste and coffee grounds; and \"brown material,\" which is usually leaves, branches, and weeds.\nWhat You Can Compost\n- Food scraps (fruit and vegetable peels)\n- Egg shells\n- Coffee grinds and filters\n- Tea bags (remove staple)\n- House plants\n- Fresh grass clippings\n- Old bread\n- Shredded paper/cardboard\n- Wood chips\n- Straw and hay\nWhat You Cannot Compost\n- Meat, fish, poultry, bones\n- Oils, lard, grease, fats\n- Dairy (butter, milk, cheese)\n- Diseased plants\n- Cat and dog feces (may contain diseases)\n- Non-biodegradable material\nHow to Compost If You Have a Back Yard:\n1. Check the rules. Some states have rules and regulations when it comes to composting. \"If people are participating in composting it's important to know what laws and policies are in place,\" Murray says. Look up composting laws by state here.\n2. Determine the type you want and find a spot. Decide whether you want to have a loose compost pile or if you want to keep your compost in a bin or container. You can purchase a compost bin or container from your local hardware or garden supply store for anywhere between $20 and $100. You should also buy a pitchfork, shovel, and water hose. Select a dry, shady spot in your yard for your pile or your bin.\n3. Start preparing. If you have a bin or container, line it with newspaper or cardboard to soak up liquids from your kitchen scraps. Before adding your brown waste material, chop and shred it into smaller pieces, which helps speed up decomposition. Make sure you also dampen the dry materials as you add them. \"Your compost should be equivalent to a moist towel or sponge. Not dripping wet, but moist,\" Murray says.\n4. Mix it up. Once your compost pile or bin is established, mix in the green material and bury the fruit and vegetable waste about 10 inches beneath the brown material, according to the EPA.\n5. Take good care. You should turn and harvest your pile periodically. \"Stirring and aerating encourages decomposition after months of monitoring,\" Murray says. \"Manage the pile and make sure it's decomposing over a period of time so it will create nutrient soil. Depending on your climate, the soil should be ready in five to eight months.\"\nHow to Compost If You Don't Have a Back Yard:\n1. Buy a bin. Just because you don't have a back yard doesn't mean you can't compost indoors. Find the appropriate space in your apartment to stash the special indoor bin, which you can purchase at your local hardware or gardening store.\n2. Keep track. You can add the same type of waste to your bin as you would an outdoor compost pile. But make sure you keep track of what's going in and turn and stir it often. If your bin is properly managed, it shouldn't emit odors or attract pests.\n3. Decide what to do with the soil. Depending on your city or town, you can have a company pick up your compost or you can bring it to a drop-off site. Visit your town's official website to see your options.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New Zealand: Declining land values could lead to more crop diversification\nAccording to local grower Richard Harvey of Paeony, most growers have focused on grapes because they have been the only crop to offer returns on par with the high prices of land. However as prices fall in growing areas, especially in Marlborough, more growers will switch to crops such as apples, cherries, apricots and hazelnuts.\nThe grape industry has flourished, but the production, mostly destined for wine, has now outpaced demand, thus lowering returns for the industry as a whole. A diversification of planting would be positive for the grape and wine industry as well, New Zealand Winegrowers Chairman Stuart Smith was quoted as saying.\nMoreover, the cost of diversification is lower due to existing irritation systems installed for grape production.\nAccording to the report, the sale of a 23-hectare vineyard at a liquidation price of NZD 2 million (US$ 1.49 million) is emblematic of the industry shift. The property was valued at NZD 3.6 million in 2008.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Emerald Jewel BoxwoodBuxus sinica var. insularis Emerald Jewel\nView more from Boxwood Shrubs\n30 day - ARRIVE AND THRIVE™ guaranteeLearn more\nBuxus sinica var. insularis Emerald Jewel\nOutdoor Growing zone\nFull Sun, Partial Sun\nThe Emerald Jewel Korean Boxwood is a tough and reliable variety for both cold and hot zones, staying compact and neat even if you don’t trim it. It forms rounded mounds of tiny leaves on dense branches, growing between 2 and 3 feet tall and round. Use it for accents or edging, or trim it into hedges, globes and low pyramids. The dark green leaves stay that way all year, without winter bronzing, and their small size is perfectly in scale with the compact nature of this variety. Enjoy boxwoods without the chore of trimming, and give your garden a great look. Also suitable for pots and planters in warmer zones.\nGrow the ‘Emerald Jewel’ Boxwood in full sun or partial shade, and plant it in any well-drained soil. It grows in alkaline soils and sandy ones, with the densest growth and richest colors in richer soils that are not too dry. Established plants are drought resistant in ordinary dry summers, but do benefit from occasional watering. Feed with evergreen fertilizer in spring for 5-star results. Generally free of serious pest and disease problems, and untroubled by deer and rabbits. Trim in late winter or late spring, and again no later than early fall, if needed.\nIf you like your boxwoods a rich green, with small leaves and compact growth, then the Emerald Jewel Korean Boxwood is exactly what you want, and will love. The tiny ½ inch leaves are perfectly in scale with the small size of this plant, perfect for edging and accents in smaller spaces. Naturally forming a dense mound that needs no trimming, it is perfect for easy gardening, and stays green all year without bronzing. Of course you can also trim it, and it will respond by growing incredibly dense, giving you a perfect result. In warmer zones it can even be grown in pots, but it is in cold zones, where English boxwood will burn and often die, that this tougher Korean form really comes into its own. It will indeed soon become a jewel in your garden, sparkling rich green and simply perfect – everyone’s boxwood dream.\nThe Emerald Jewel Boxwood is a small evergreen shrub with a naturally mounding habit, growing between 2 and 3 feet tall and wide. It can be clipped in the traditional way, or left to grow naturally, when it will become a beautiful mound with a neat but slightly irregular outline. This modern way of growing boxwood is perfect for busy gardeners, and suits the more relaxed look of our modern gardens. The leaves are exceptionally small, generally no more than ½ inch long, with a leathery texture and a smooth, glossy surface. Rounded ovals, they are bright green when new, soon becoming a very rich, dark green. That color holds well through heat and cold, and doesn’t turn unattractive bronze tones in the winter months, even in cold zones. It rarely flowers, and the small, greenish-yellow blooms are insignificant, and often overlooked. Plants that are regularly trimmed almost never flower.\nThe Emerald Jewel Boxwood is perfect wherever you want that neat, rounded evergreen accent. The rich color always looks perfect, and the natural shape is balanced and even. Trimmed it makes very dense low hedges, globes and fat pyramids, and it also grows well in pots and planter boxes, which can be left outdoors all winter if you are in zone 7 or warmer. In colder zones tip your plants out of the pot without disturbing the roots, and plant temporarily in a garden bed.\nKorean boxwood is renowned for its winter hardiness, and the Emerald Jewel Boxwood is no exception. It is absolutely reliable in zone 5, and will grow in zone 4 with little or no winter injury. For the best winter survival in zone 4, water deeply and mulch the root-zone just before the ground freezes. Spraying with anti-desiccant will give a literal ‘extra-layer’ of protection.\nGrow the Emerald Jewel Boxwood in full sun or in areas with a few hours of shade each day. In the hottest zones some afternoon shade is beneficial. It will also grow with minimal direct sun, but the growth will be looser and more open. It does best in rich, well-drained soils that are regularly moist, but grows well in most well-drained garden soils just fine. Enriching the ground with organic material, and mulching over the root system every year or two will make a big difference to its growth. Established plants have moderate resistance to normal drought periods, but if you can water a little, do so.\nHealthy plants rarely suffer from serious pest or disease problems. As well, deer and rabbits leave them alone, so you will have no issues growing this plant. Trimming young plants once a year for the first few years is worthwhile to develop a very dense internal structure, but not essential, and after that little or no trimming is needed, unless you want a super-formal look. Trim in late winter, before new growth develops, or in late spring, once the first flush of new leaves has darkened in color. You can also trim again after each flush of new growth, but don’t trim after early fall, and not at all then in cold zones. Always trim specimens or hedges wider at the bottom than the top, to keep leaves and branches right to the ground.\nYou might still see Korean Boxwood, Buxus sinica var. insularis, given its older name of Buxus microphylla var. koreana. Besides Korea, it can be found in China and Japan, and it is much better in typical American conditions than English boxwood. It is definitely best for both cold and hot zones, where it is much more resistant to damage. We don’t know much about the origin of the variety called Emerald Jewel . It made its first appearance in the 2018 catalog of Greenleaf Nursery Company, at their Park Hill, Oklahoma division.\nIf you want a dense, compact boxwood, with small leaves and a neat look that stays even without trimming, then the Emerald Jewel Boxwood is exactly what you want. Grow the neatest boxwood mounds and edging around, without spending hours trimming. Order now, as this relatively new variety is increasing in high demand, and soon sells out.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Box Tree Caterpillar Killer Nematodes 100m2\nOur Box Tree Caterpillar Killer nematodes of the Steinernema Carpocapsea species are the most effective answer to this serious pest. The caterpillars will strip the leaves and even bore into the bark of the plants damaging and even killing the plant.\nBox tree caterpillars are quite distinctive with blacks stripes and white dots on a green caterpillar. Nematodes are a natural pest control safe for pets and children.\nThe first step in protecting your plants is to place out Box Tree Caterpillar moth traps to catch and monitor the male moths, the caterpillars will come a few weeks later.\nApply as soon as soon as small caterpillars are observed, ideally be applied in the evenings to minimise the influence of UV light. Spray the plants from bottom to top, making sure the middle of the plant also gets wet, apply plenty of solution onto the leaves and directly onto caterpillars where possible, at least 250-500 mil of nematode solution per square metre. Apply a second application 7 days after the first one, this is to catch any caterpillars not hit during the first application and any new small caterpillars hatched from fresh egg laying.\nBox Tree Caterpillar nematodes should be applied with sprayers, including Knapsack or hand held sprayers , removing any filters in them .\nPLEASE NOTE - As these are live creatures, they are bred in batches to be as fresh as possible and so your nematodes will be prepared to order and despatched in approx 5 working days depending on demand.\nStorage of Nematodes\nIf you cannot apply immediately, store in the fridge (4 degrees Celsius) and use as soon as possible. Do not freeze. Use before the best by date.\nDo not apply in bright sunshine as nematodes are UV sensitive (evening is ideal).\nApplication for 100 Square Metre Nematodes Pack\n100m2 pack contains 2 sachets of 25 million nematodes. Each 25 million pack treats 35-50m2.\nMake sure to stir the bucket before taking out each 0.5 litre concentrate.\nIs it easy to apply your Nematodes?\nAll you need to do is mix the Nematode pack with water and apply to your shrub. Each pack is supplied with easy to follow instructions and all you need is a watering can with a large rose which will allow the Nematode mix to flow.\nWhen is the right time to treat the caterpillar infestation with nematodes?\nAs soon as you can visibly see the caterpillars is the best time to apply. Nematodes work on contact so getting right into the area with a sprayer directly onto the caterpillars when they are small is the best solution.\nWinter caterpillars tend to be larger and harder to treat than 1st generation caterpillars which are a lot smaller. Extra treatments with nematodes may be required if there is a particularly large infestation.\nWhy are the caterpillars making my box hedge turning yellow?\nCaterpillar infestation is unlikely to turn a hedge yellow, however, a large infestation can cause some die back, so if your hedge is turning yellow this is more likely to be another issue, possibly Blight, which is spread by fungal spores.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Snopeas have pale green pods and contain petite, flattened peas. Pods are wide and flat, measuring approximately two to three inches in length. Together with sugarsnap peas, they are botanically known as Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon.\nMembers of the Fabaceae family these peas are known for their tender edible seed pods. Botanically snow peas are a fruit but they are utilized today in the culinary world as a vegetable.\nBoth the peas and pod are edible and have a sweet pea flavor and tender crispy texture. The peas grow from white or purple flowers and at their young stage both the leaves and flowers of the plant are edible too. Snow peas are rich in protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin C and K, potassium, magnesium and iron. Snow peas are also higher in vitamin C compared", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We had perfect weather this weekend, so we spent a lot of time outside. Devin got a mini bike for his birthday (he turned 11 in March!), and it has been getting a lot of use lately!\nThey've made courses around the yard, and they time each other to see who is fastest. The bike is pretty weak, so even downhill it doesn't go too fast.\nDavid loves to show off his fancy trick riding. One of the kids' favorite things to do is chase David around while he rides the bike around the yard.\nI finally got out in the garden this weekend. I got my onion sets planted (white, yellow, red, and Stuttgarter), along with cabbage and broccoli.\nDevin mentioned wanting to save a peach pit so he could grow a peach tree. I suggested it might be much faster to just buy a peach tree....so we went to Lowe's and he picked out his peach tree. Now it's waiting to be planted.\nKylee wanted to buy an apple tree, but since the apples needed a second variety for pollenation (and we haven't dedicated a space to a small orchard yet), she bought 2 blueberry bushes. She helped plant and water them, and I gave both her and Devin a book where they can read about what peaches and blueberries need to grow.\nShe and Devin also picked out some herbs they wanted to grow. Kylee loved the lemon balm, and Devin loved the mint.\nI know I'll sleep well tonight after all the work we've done this weekend!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Scientific Program> Satellite MeetingsAdvanced approaches for resistance improvement to mycotoxigenic fungi in relevant species: diagnosis and infection control\nWP1 activities of the year 2012\nOpen Session for presentation and discussion of the results obtained during the first year of project\nElisabetta Lupotto, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA), Rome, Italy\nMichele Marcotte, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Ottawa, Canada\nResearch on the detection and contrast to the development of mycotoxigenic fungi and derived mycotoxins in cereal crops represents a major priority in a wider context of international scientific cooperation between Italy and Canada. The Italian CRA is actually carrying on a bilateral project of research with two Canadian research centres: the ECORC – Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Crops Research Centre in Ottawa and the Guelph Food Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario. The project CANADAIR is a project funded to CRA by the Italian Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies, for a 24 months period (2012-2013). The project includes research activities referring to three scientific areas of interest: a) food safety; b) dairy products; c) agroenergies.\nResearch on mycotoxigenic fungi, presence and contrast to, in maize and wheats, represent the activities of Workpackage 1. The twinned research lines carried on in bilateral collaboration are: WP1-1: twinned research activities on the identification and exploitation of resistance genes to protect wheats against Fusarium Head Blight, a mycotoxigenic complex; WP1-2: twinned research activities on genomic and genetic approaches devoted to study the maize response to the mycotoxigenic fungus F. verticillioides and F.graminearum in order to increase plant resistance and to reduce mycotoxin contamination in derived products; WP1-3: the study of bioagents for the control of mycotoxin accumulation in grains and on microbial detoxifications of mycotoxins in food and feed.\n31 May 2013 - h. 15.00 – Park Hotel S. Michele, Meeting Room\nThe INNOFOOD SEE info-day aims at highlight the potential proposed by food innovation to consumers, food SMEs, RTD entities and stakeholders. CNR ISPA is partner in the INNOFOOD SEE project, that will allow setting up the innovation support mechanisms and increasing awareness on the potential of Food Innovation and RTD in the South East Europe area. Funding opportunities and policies for RTD cooperation at European and national level will be presented and discussed together with running projects to strengthen innovation and research in the agrifood sector.\nThe 5th MycoRed General Assembly will focus on results and achievements of 4 years of integrated international research on mycotoxins in the framework of the project.\n27 May 2013 - h. 15.00 – 16.30 Park Hotel S. Michele, Meeting Room\nThe MycoRed General Executive Committee will focus on results of integrated international research on mycotoxins.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ah, the magic of coffee processing! Have you ever wondered how those little beans you love so much end up in your cup? Well, let me take you on a journey through the fascinating process that turns coffee cherries into the delicious brew we deliver each week and we all love.\nFirst things first, the coffee cherries are carefully hand-picked from the trees. Just like how a chef only wants the freshest ingredients for their dish, only the ripest cherries are selected for processing. Once the cherries are harvested, the real magic begins.\nNow, here's where things get interesting - there are two main ways to process coffee: washing and natural sun-drying. Washed coffee, also known as \"wet process\", involves removing the fruit from the seed as soon as possible after picking, before the drying process begins. The cherries are floated in water and sorted to ensure consistent ripeness levels. Then, they are run through special machines called depulpers, which squeeze the fruit and pop out the seeds. The seeds then go through a fermentation process to remove any remaining sugar and fruit remnants. Finally, they are washed again and dried on patios or raised beds. This method is known for producing clean and crisp flavours.\nOn the other hand, we have the natural sun-dried method, also known as the natural process or dry process. This method involves drying the coffee cherries whole without the intervention of water or machines to remove any of the fruit. The cherries are picked, floated in water, and sorted to remove any under-ripe or overripe fruit. They are then laid out on patios or raised beds to dry in the sun and air, with the fruit still on them. This process can take up to six weeks, but the result is worth it - natural sun-dried coffee is known for its fruity and complex flavours. Our Family Estate Pacamara is a Natural Process and we have it as coffee of the month.\nSo, whether you prefer your coffee with clean and crisp flavours or fruity and complex ones, both methods are equally important and delicious. But, the journey doesn't end here, once the cherries are dried, they are sent to a mill for hulling (separation of the seed from the rest of the dried fruit) and dry milling (removal of the seed’s skin). Voila! the beans are ready to be roasted, ground, brewed by baristas, and finally enjoyed by caffeine-starved humans.\nAs you can see, coffee processing is a delicate and intricate process that requires a lot of care and attention to detail. Next time you take a sip of your coffee, remember all the hard work and love that went into every bean.\nCheers to that!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- No events\nTag Archives: Apples\nTom Putt is a dual or triple purpose varietal: an eater, a cooker and a cider apple. It’s a traditional Devon variety classified as a mild sharp and produces a clean, thin, dry cider that improves over time but can … Continue reading\nThe almost perfect cider apple Is just one type of apple enough to give your cider the necessary complexity and balance of sweetness, acidity, tannin and aromatics? Quite possibly, if it’s a Kingston Black.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Set across the river from the kingdom’s capital, Phnom Penh, this purpose-built foster home cares for up to 36 abandoned children who would have otherwise have been forgotten. Without the intervention of an organization like Little Hearts, these children have a bleak future placing them at risk of malnutrition, exploitation and abuse, severe poverty and at worse, an early death.\nThe Belgium-operated organization brings happiness into the little hearts of the children they care for be providing a clean safe and loving home as well as access to quality education which is a right that every child deserves despite their socioeconomic background for a chance at a brighter future\nKoya project was both touched and impressed by this professionally-run and dedicated establishment, feeling that they were the perfect candidate for an aquaponics system.\nThe project consists of a fish tank constructed below ground level to keep the fish nice and cool. There is also a vertical garden for leafy green vegetables and 3 media beds which are already yielding bumper crops of the children’s favourites which include ‘morning glory’.\nThe system is currently in transition to phase 2, which involves the installation of a filtration system, re-configuration of the DWC beds and wicking beds to become even more productive and the installation of UV protecting cover.\nProject: Little Hearts Organisation\nLocation: Areyksat, Cambodia\nProject design and Construction: Khmer aquaponics\nSite dimensions: 14m x 8m\nFish tank capacity: 5,000 litres\nStocking density: 2kg per 100 litres\nFish harvest weight: 800 grams\nExpected fish harvest: 250 kilograms per year\nTotal vegetable growing area: 26m2\nMedia bed growing area: 18m2\nMedia bed planting density: 6 plants/m2\nMedia bed plants: 110\nDWC growing area: 6m2\nDWC planting density: 35 plants/m2\nDWC plants: 210 plants\nWicking bed growing area: 2m2\nWicking bed density and number of plants: varies", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Little Giant 1 Gallon Screw-On Poultry Waterer Base\nLittle Giant 1 Gallon Screw-On Poultry Waterer Base is used with the Chicken Waterer Jar (sold separately) to give your backyard chickens easy access to a full gallon of clean, fresh water. The waterer is simple to clean and fill. You can buy this base alone as a replacement if you already have the top.\n- Top is also available at Mary's Tack\n- 1 gallon capacity\n- Great for poultry including chickens, hens, ducks & geese", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hazel is a creative plant scientist & food industry consultant, with 30 years’ experience, especially in innovation, natural flavours and fragrances, colours and bio-actives. A food scientist and technologist, Hazel is actively involved in food innovation throughout the value chain, from primary producers through to consumers. Projects relate to new ingredients, new products and processes, new packaging, product positioning and consumer communications. Hazel’s work has a strong science core, fleshed out with commercial experience and flavoured with a passion for effective communication - for concepts, products and people.\nHazel is a well- regarded, experienced consultant and presenter with an excellent profile within the national vegetable and wider horticultural industry. In Australia, Hazel works with primary producers, food manufacturers, retailers and consumers, to create tasty, practical and on-trend new food products.\nRecently completed projects are diverse: flavours for dried cheese snacks and gin, converting oysters into sauce and potatoes into potato salad and vodka.\nA key focus is greater use of fruit and vegetables as healthy and functional ingredients in a diverse range of food products. Hazel and her team, an arsenal of global food experts, provide food innovation training to the Australian food industry, especially the vegetable sector and regional agri-food producers.\nRecent projects include:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Drive through East Texas along our many country roads and you’ll likely encounter farmers and ranchers raising cattle and cultivating crops.\nWhile much of the region’s agricultural land is devoted to grazing pastures and hay, some area farmers are shaking things up with uncommon crops, new growing methods and youthful energy.\nThe Tyler Loop visited three unique East Texas farms to see what makes them stand out among the crowd.\nCrafton Family Fungus Farm\nMost farms need acreage and quality soil to thrive, and when the weather gets bad, farmers have to adjust. That isn’t the case for Coast Guard veteran Jerrimia Crafton and wife Jessica, owners of the Crafton Family Fungus Farm in Tyler.\nEven though “farm” is in the name, the Craftons have no pastoral scene with rows of crops or roaming livestock. Instead, Jerrimia Crafton grows mushrooms in a bedroom of his South Tyler home.\nWhat started out as a hobbyist side project is becoming a full-time operation for the former food service workers fresh to East Texas by way of Bakersfield, California.\n“I didn’t plan on doing this,” Jerrimia Crafton said. “I bought Jessica a little ‘Grow Your Own Mushrooms’ kit from Home Depot because she likes mushrooms so much. In four days, we had a half pound of mushrooms. I thought, ‘Oh, this is quick and easy.’”\nThe Crafton’s former home in Bakersfield spoiled them with widely available culinary mushrooms beyond portobello or button mushrooms found at most grocery stores. Now, they want to bring those specialty varieties here.\nThe couple can grow dozens of pounds of mushrooms in a matter of weeks, in hopes of supplying East Texas restaurants and farmers’ markets with a dazzling array of edible fungi.\nThe mushrooms start out as microscopic spores suspended in a sugary jelly, which Jerrimia Crafton spawns in sealed bags filled with a growth medium. Once the spores take over the bag, he transplants them inside a “fruiting chamber” resembling a closet-sized greenhouse — only this one is cool and foggy.\n“Because I work inside, I control the conditions,” Jerrimia Crafton said. “I don’t rely on temperature, I don’t rely on seasons, weather conditions, even time of day.”\nThe result is a crop of mushrooms that go beyond simple salad toppers in flavor and texture.\nWhen cooked properly, the Crafton’s lion’s mane mushrooms can taste more like crab legs than fungi, while their rose-colored clumps of pink oyster mushrooms parallel the rich flavors of pork bacon.\n“In California, there’s plenty of vegan restaurants,” Jessica Crafton said. “Almost every [meat] is replaced with the portabella or some sort of mushroom. We’ve seen videos where people have done everything from making bacon-like dishes to a pulled pork kind of thing.”\nHowever, the couple will assure customers their mission is not to convert Texans to veganism. The Craftons hope to deliver fresh ingredients and ideas to local restaurants who otherwise would not have access to gourmet mushrooms.\n“The goal is to go local,” Jerrimia Crafton said. “… Anything restaurants are doing now with mushrooms, ours will just make it better. It’s a different option that’s a cut above.”\nWe think of farms as places for creating new growth, but sometimes the crops for the food supply deplete soil quality faster than farmers can replenish it.\nWhen the soil loses nutrients vital for plant growth, farmers have to bring them in from outside sources like fertilizers, costing them time and money.\nAt Ornan Farms in Hawkins, farmer Shay Eddy — an alias used at their request — has created a system to do the exact opposite. They foster healthy soil development through an agricultural practice called permaculture.\nYou won’t find all of Ornan’s crops growing in rows. Instead, each plant thrives off relationships with nearby organisms intentionally planted for maximum benefit to the plants and soil.\n“What we’re doing out here is bringing in support species,” Eddy said. “So for every fruit tree, you’ve got several of these support trees that pull nitrogen out of the air, and then you’ll chop them down and it’ll create more mulch and more soil.”\nThe soil-boosting partnerships created by Ornan’s plants mean Eddy rarely needs to use fertilizers or even pesticides for healthy growth. With the right mix of mulch, farm-made compost and flowers to attract pollinators and nitrogen-fixing plants, Ornan can sustain a “food forest” full of a diverse mix of edible plants.\nEddy considers spreading permaculture tactics a high priority, which is why Ornan farms will eventually use onsite facilities for training visitors on their methods and philosophy.\n“In the Bible, God grabbed up the soil, and he formed man from the soil,” Eddy said. “So it’s like an illustration that your life comes from the soil. You better take care of it… We’re destroying and losing so much topsoil every year.”\nMost of the food grown at Ornan Farms doesn’t actually make it to farmers’ markets or retail locations, but rather the family table. Their main cash crop is flower arrangements full of zinnias, sunflowers, dahlias, gladiolas and more.\nMultiple money-saving tactics helps Ornan Farms keep growing despite its small retail footprint. Eddy maintains a solar array for power and dries clothes outside. Their system of native plants and terraced landscapes keeps the soil lush with groundwater, so Ornan spends less on irrigation.\nJust like the roots of old trees in Ornan’s forested acres, the permaculture mindset runs deep within everything on the farm. But all people need to practice self sufficiency on their own, Eddy said, is a garden.\n“People used to have gardens. Around the turn of the 19th century, everybody had a garden. Now you’ve got people going to Lowe’s and buying ornamental bushes, and then they’re paying someone to trim them instead of allowing their leaves to fall down and decompose and create natural soil.\n“Instead of growing these bushes, they need to grow tomatoes,” said Eddy.\nTyler Berry Farm\nAsk someone to picture a farmer. They may describe an older person with a seasoned career in agriculture. The stereotype has some basis in truth, as the average age of an American farm owner is 59, according to data collected by the US Department of Agriculture in 2017.\nMarshal and Addie Wiggins of the Tyler Berry Farm are bucking this trend by taking the reins of their family’s land, both at age 24.\nEven though the berry farm and a nearby Christmas tree farm have stayed within Marshal Wiggins’ family for generations, the newly minted farmer said he hadn’t grown anything until starting a pea garden around a year ago.\n“(The Lord) told me to eat from the earth for 30 days — no exercise, just fruits and vegetables. I lost around 45 pounds. That inspired me to grow a garden.”\nMarshal Wiggins’ first pea garden turned into a full-scale adoption of his grandfather’s original berry bushes, planted at the farm in the 1980s. The bushes still produce fruit each April to June, and the Wiggins’ will let visitors pick berries themselves or buy berries pre-picked.\nThe couple also cultivate strawberries, peas, peaches and a more unorthodox product: the farming lifestyle.\nThe Tyler Berry Farm Facebook page, run by Addie Wiggins, documents the couple’s headfirst journey into their new lives, allowing followers to keep up with their successes while missing out on the hard work of farm labor.\nAddie said the couple also incorporates “cute,” Instagram-worthy products and moments into their farm tours, like selling photogenic strawberry lemonade drinks or providing photo opportunities at the farm’s scenic pastures.\nDeveloping a romanticized farming aesthetic has helped the Wiggins’ draw in more attention from young people looking for a fun weekend escape without facing the real pressures of farm work.\n“[Social media] doesn’t see the full picture,” Addie Wiggins said. “They see what we post online, they see this cute little farm family or a little homestead page, and people enjoy that stuff. But they don’t see the day-to-day work. It’s not just cute Facebook posts.”\nThe berry farm lost an estimated 80% of their expected blueberry yield due to the harsh conditions of February’s winter storm. The decades-old bushes made it through to fruit again next season. Meanwhile, Marshal Wiggins is planning to diversify the farm’s output and grow their retail footprint to include local farmers’ markets.\n“We’re trying to bring the community out here with things like a firework show or a pumpkin patch,” Addie Wiggins said. “Families can come out and ride the hay rides, enjoy some apple cider and some popcorn. Just bring in things for them to do.”\nIt may sound like hard work reshaping a farm with little experience within a matter of months, but Marshal Wiggins called the past year at the farm one of the happiest of his life.\n“You’re literally doing what man was put here to do,” he said. “We are supposed to sow seeds. All I do is put a seed in the ground. God grows the rest of it.”\nLove what you're seeing in our posts? Help power our local, nonprofit journalism platform — from in-depth reads, to freelance training, to COVID Stories videos, to intimate portraits of East Texans through storytelling.\nOur readers have told us they want to better understand this place we all call home, from Tyler's north-south divide to our city's changing demographics. What systemic issues need attention? What are are greatest concerns and hopes? What matters most to Tylerites and East Texans?\nHelp us create more informed, more connected, more engaged Tyler. Help us continue providing no paywall, free access posts. Become a member today. Your $15/month contribution drives our work.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead or lead compounds, which are known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information regarding Prop 65, visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov\nWhen insect pests call for full-scale response, you need a straightforward solution you can trust. Our easy-to-use measuring cap makes it simple to get just the right amount of concentrate for the job. Measure the product using the label application rate of 4 fluid ounces of concentrate per gallon of water. Pour the measured concentrate into your sprayer, add the appropriate amount of water, and mix well. Sevin Insect Killer Concentrate kills more than 500 insect pests by contact and keeps protecting for up to three months. Kill and control unwanted insects in ornamental and edible gardens, lawns and other areas around your home.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growing mushrooms at home is a delightful and sustainable hobby that rewards you with the savory goodness of freshly harvested fungi. Among the various methods available, using buckets with holes stands out for its simplicity and efficiency. Follow this step-by-step guide to embark on your own mushroom-growing adventure, enjoying multiple harvests from the comfort of your home.\n- Large pot for boiling\n- Mushroom seeds (spawn)\n- Plastic buckets with holes\n- Clean cloth or lid for covering the buckets\n- Watering can or spray bottle\n- A cool, dark place for incubation\nStep 1: Preparing the Straw\nStart by gathering a suitable amount of straw. Wheat or oat straw is ideal for mushroom cultivation. Chop the straw into pieces approximately 2-4 inches in length.\nStep 2: Boiling the Straw\nPlace the chopped straw into a large pot and cover it with water. Bring the water to a boil and let it simmer to sterilize the straw. Once boiled, allow the straw to cool down to room temperature.\nStep 3: Acquiring Mushroom Seeds\nPurchase mushroom seeds, known as mushroom spawn, from a reliable supplier. Various mushroom species like oyster, shiitake, or white button mushrooms are available to suit your preferences.\nStep 4: Layering Straw and Mushroom Seeds\nTake a plastic bucket with holes and begin layering. Start with a layer of cooled, boiled straw at the bottom. Spread mushroom seeds evenly on the straw. Repeat this layering process until the bucket is nearly full, finishing with a top layer of straw. Ensure even distribution for optimal mushroom growth.\nGO TO PAGE 2", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Weather Adversely Effects No-Till Farms in South Dakota\nWhat a difference one rainy, spring season can make. While central South Dakota farmers typically battle drought and erosion, this year their adversary was excessive rain and the resulting muddy fields that delayed and, in some cases, prevented planting.\nLast spring when DTN visited South Dakota farmer David Gillen, the future seemed bright. Gillen — who farms near White Lake, S.D. — has worked hard since 1991 on his innovative and cutting-edge no-till practices, which have served him well. He has improved the dusty, erosion-prone soil on his land so much that he nearly doubled his yields during that time.\nThis year’s harvest, however, took on a shadow of gloom as last spring’s rains severely diminished harvest and the yields Gillen typically has reaped from his hard work.\nGillen has maintained a rotation of one-third corn, one-third beans and one-third wheat for 17 years. While some farmers increased their corn acreage to take advantage of record-breaking corn prices, Gillen believed improving the integrity of the soil for future generations would reap greater benefits than following the whims of the market.\nBut despite his successful no-till practices, Mother Nature interrupted what could have been another record-breaking season.\nA year ago, the White Lake area received a whopping 14 inches of rain during the fall, Gillen said. But the trouble began in earnest when 8 more inches were received during the planting season.\nThe ground remained wet for so long that planting was delayed and the crops that farmers were able to plant were severely stressed because of the rain.\nSome planting was critically delayed, as Gillen reported he was unable to plant corn until the third week in May. By the time some fields were dried sufficiently for planting, it was too late.\n“Conditions were so wet,” Gillen said, “that half my bean and corn acres never got planted.”\nOther area farmers suffered the same fate, he related, as many others failed to get all their fields planted as well.\nIn the fields Gillen was able to plant, wheat and beans resulted in average yields, while corn was slightly above average — around 110 bushels per acre, he said.\nAs part of his no-till practices, Gillen typically plants cover crops after harvest, which provide a number of benefits. Crops such as winter canola, Indian head lentils, radishes and turnips provide a dense canopy which retains moisture and allows for better air movement in the soil. The cover crops increase the microbial activity in the soil, which breaks down residue and scavenges leftover nitrogen for the following year’s corn crop. This practice also decreases the need for weed control and fertilizer.\nThis year Gillen planted those crops on wheat stubble, and planted wheat on bean acres after harvest. One bit of good news is the winter wheat looks strong and appears to have a good start going into winter.\nDespite the rains, Gillen said he was happy with his planting choices; it was merely the rain that made those choices less profitable this season. And even with the extreme precipitation received, Gillen said he is not yet ready to give up on his no-till practices.\n“You can’t change your practices because of one extreme year,” he said.\nAnd despite this year’s losses, Gillen remains hopeful that he can continue to improve the quality of his land and that his no-till practices will continue to reap benefits.\n“With the current trend yields for South Dakota, I would assume that the no-till practices will continue to increase yields,” he said.\nThe only practice Gillen said he may change is the cover crops, which have been an experimental practice. He said he may consider baling off the straw after the wheat, although he would still refrain from tilling the remaining stubble.\n“As you get into extreme, unprofitable times, selling the straw and not going to the expense of planting a cover crop is advantageous to short-term cash,” he said.\nCheryl Warren can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nStart a dialogue, stay on topic and be civil.\nIf you don't follow the rules, your comment may be deleted.\nUser Legend: Moderator Trusted User", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Help to create a Regenerative Future Tomorrow Today\nWhat is Smartsoil?\nOur vision, mission and company ethos\nAt the heart of Smartsoil lies a passion to educate farmers and consumers of the integral role soil biology plays in creating resilient, integrated agricultural systems that work with nature to provide superior quality food, forage & fibre.\nFilling multiple gaps in a blossoming green sector, Smartsoil creates high quality, independent media & education products built around key areas of importance within the Regenerative/Biological Agriculture industry. The key aim of this content is to create both consumer awareness & confidence through education + exposure to these types of farming methods and the benefits that come with it.\nOnce the story of food gains market popularity they foresee this seeding a market demand for verifiable natural produce, creating a catalyst that gives rise to a new wave of ecosystem conscious farmers. The suite of Online education products is there to educate this next wave of regenerative land managers, and to support them through their transition.\nTruth - Health - Wealth\nOur online education courses give farmers and land managers a fantastic opportunity to be introduced to new and innovative farming practices that enhance the innate natural functions within their landscapes.\nSmartsoil courses are delivered via the online learning management system and classes are taught by Incredible farmers who walk the walk and have proven that their farming methods work.\nThe aim of these courses is to empower farmers with new information while showing them real life working examples of regenerative methods in action. Each course is carefully designed to ensure learning\noutcomes translate into positive actions on-farm, while providing the support necessary to make it through the transition and beyond.\nOn the other-side of ecosystem restoration lies many benefits, these include, but are not limited to: Greater profitability for producers, Positive development of natural capital assets, Access to Carbon farming markets, Greater farm resilience.\nAre you readyb to begin your regenerative farming journey?\nWho is Smartsoil?\nMeet the faces behind the mission.\nDavid Lewis Mackay\nLindsay David Henderson grew up on a property in a small country town in rural mid-western New South Wales, forging a connection and deep appreciation for the earth and its laws from childhood. Walking the entrepreneurial path since 2016, he started his first company with Smartsoil business partner David out of their Busselton home, igniting a passion for creating conscious, ethical business driven toward making positive change.\nJack started his entrepreneurial journey at 21, after spending time helping his brother, Smartsoil Co-Founder David Lewis, build his first business’s and delve into the world of microbiology, he was inspired to help create something truly regenerative. Jack is the director of media within the company where his role is to create, capture and publish premium quality digital content.\nDr Leah Irving PhD (Education)\nDr Irving has over thirty years’ educational experience across all sectors with strengths in innovative learning design and development for online contexts. She works in higher education and runs a consultancy helping institutions maintain quality learning and teaching when moving to online environments. She grew up in Busselton and is enthusiastic about giving back to the area by applying her skills and knowledge to support the education of sustainable farming practice.\nColin Seis owns and runs a 2000 acre grain, sheep and kelpie enterprise in Gulgong, mid-western New South Wales which is all Pasture Cropped. Colin is the developer of this technique and has partnered with Smartsoil EDU to deliver a comprehensive Pasture Cropping online course. There are now estimated to be over 3 million acres around the world “Pasture Cropped” with Colin already on-boarding over 2000 farmers in Australia who are now known to be using these techniques successfully.\nBoosts your farming Success\nRegenerative Agriculture has continually proven to not only be as profitable as conventional agriculture, but also more resilient during tough times. With the current state of affairs on the planet, Regenerative Agriculture can lead the way forward.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Strickland, Timothy - Tim|\nSubmitted to: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Society\nPublication Type: Abstract Only\nPublication Acceptance Date: 2/1/2007\nPublication Date: 7/21/2007\nCitation: Hubbard, R.K., Strickland, T.C., Phatak, S.C., Scholberg 2007. Effects of Cover Crop Systems on Soil Physical Properties and Carbon/Nitrogen Sequestration in Coastal Plain Soils Under Conservation Tillage [abstract]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Society July 21-25, 2007, Tampa, Florida. Interpretive Summary:\nTechnical Abstract: Conservation practices are needed to prevent erosion and preserve soil and water quality. Conservation tillage has been found to be an effective environmental practice. Uncertainty exists concerning the impact of cover crops with conservation tillage on the total agricultural environment. A study conducted from 2002 – 2005 by the University of Georgia, University of Florida, and USDA-ARS, assessed the effects of cover crops on soil physical properties and C/N sequestration in coastal plain soils. The cropping systems were (1) sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.); (2) sunnhemp, fallow, sweet corn; (3) fallow, crimson clover, sweet corn; (4) fallow, fallow, sweet corn; or (5) fallow, fallow, fallow. Soil physical property measurements were made on minimally disturbed cores collected from the top 7.6 cm of soil of each plot three times annually using an impact type sampler. Physical property measurements included bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC), and soil moisture retention (MR). Microbial biomass carbon, available carbon, soil nitrogen and soil carbon were determined from samples of the top 2.5 cm of soil collected quarterly. Results showed cover crop differences in soil physical properties and C/N sequestration. Rotations with sunnhemp as crop one had lower BD, greater HC, and greater total C and N than the other cropping systems. Inclusion of sunnhemp, which produces large quantities of biomass, as a cover crop in rotations on coastal plain soils benefited the soil by increasing hydraulic conductivity (greater water infiltration at the surface and less runoff), decreasing bulk density, and increasing C/N sequestration. The study showed the significant effects that cover crop type in agricultural systems has on organic matter accumulation including positive effects on soil physical properties important to crop production. Results from this and similar small-scale studies will be used to establish appropriate ranges for model parameter calibrations when comparing conservation to conventional farming practices.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rubber trees are popular houseplants known for their large, glossy leaves and their ability to purify the air. If you want to encourage new growth and promote a bushier appearance, you can learn how to care for your burgundy rubber plant. Side shoots refer to the new growth that sprouts from the main stem or branches of the plant. In this article, we will discuss the importance of side shoots for rubber tree care and explore different methods to force their growth. We will provide a step-by-step guide on how to force side shoots on a rubber tree and discuss common mistakes to avoid. We will address troubleshooting common problems that may arise during the process. So, if you want to expand your rubber tree’s foliage and create a fuller, more lush plant, keep reading.\nWhat are Side Shoots on a Rubber Tree?\nSide shoots on a rubber tree are new growth that appears along the main stem or branches. These shoots, also known as lateral buds or axillary buds, emerge from nodes, which are points on the stem where leaves or branches develop. Side shoots are an essential aspect of the rubber tree’s growth and development. They contribute to the plant’s overall size and shape, playing a crucial role in its branching pattern. Additionally, these side shoots have the potential to be utilized for propagation, as they can be cut and used to grow new rubber tree plants. Typically green in color, these shoots are characterized by the presence of latent or active buds, signifying the possibility of leaves, flowers, or new branches. Consequently, side shoots are a natural and vital part of the rubber tree’s growth cycle.\nWhy are Side Shoots important for Rubber Tree Care?\nSide shoots are essential for rubber tree care as they play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the tree. Firstly, side shoots contribute significantly to the overall productivity of the rubber tree plantation. They serve as vital points for tapping latex, which is the primary source of natural rubber. Without side shoots, the production of latex would be substantially reduced.\nSecondly, side shoots facilitate the rejuvenation and revitalization of the rubber tree. They help in maintaining a healthy and balanced structure of the tree by redirecting energy and nutrients towards new growth. This contributes to the overall health and longevity of the rubber tree, ensuring a consistent production of latex.\nFurthermore, side shoots promote the formation of a dense and sturdy canopy. This canopy provides shade and protection to the tree, shielding it from excessive sunlight and adverse weather conditions. The canopy also helps in regulating temperature and humidity levels around the tree, creating a favorable environment for purple heart plant care and growth.\nIn addition to these benefits, side shoots serve as a backup in case of any damage or disease to the primary stem of the rubber tree. If the main stem is affected, the side shoots can continue to grow and develop, ensuring the survival of the rubber tree.\nMethods to Force Side Shoots on a Rubber Tree\nWant to learn how to make your rubber tree flourish with vibrant side shoots? Look no further! In this section, we’ll explore various methods and techniques to force side shoots on a rubber tree. From pruning techniques to grafting and air layering, we’ll cover the tried and tested ways that plant enthusiasts have used to encourage lateral growth. Get ready to dive into the fascinating world of rubber tree propagation and watch your plant thrive with new branches!\n1. Pruning Techniques for Side Shoots\nWhen it comes to pruning techniques for side shoots on a rubber tree, there are several important steps to follow:\nTo force side shoots on a rubber tree, there are several steps to follow:\nStep 1: Assessing the Rubber Tree – Before beginning the pruning process, carefully examine the rubber tree to identify any side shoots that need to be removed or maintained.\nStep 2: Preparing the Tools and Equipment – Gather the necessary tools for pruning, such as pruning shears or a saw, and ensure they are clean and sharp for effective cutting.\nStep 3: Determining the Correct Pruning Method – Depending on the specific needs of the rubber tree, choose the appropriate pruning method. This may involve removing unwanted side shoots entirely or pruning them selectively to promote growth in desired areas.\nStep 4: Pruning the Side Shoots – Carefully prune the identified side shoots, making clean cuts just above the main branch or trunk. Ensure the angle of the cut promotes healing and prevents water accumulation. For more information on how to prune a rubber plant, you can check out this guide on how to prune rubber plant.\nStep 5: Providing Post-Pruning Care and Maintenance – After pruning, monitor the rubber tree for any signs of stress or disease. Provide proper care, including watering, fertilizing, and protecting the tree from harsh weather conditions.\nFor more information on how much water a rubber plant needs, you can visit this guide.\nTrue story: A gardener in a rubber tree plantation discovered that by following a regular pruning schedule and using proper techniques, the rubber trees experienced increased productivity and overall health. By selectively removing side shoots and maintaining a well-balanced canopy structure, the trees were able to efficiently utilize resources and produce higher quality rubber latex. This success story highlights the importance of implementing effective pruning techniques for the optimal growth and development of rubber trees.\n2. Grafting Techniques for Side Shoots\nGrafting Techniques for Side Shoots\n- Step 1: To force side shoots on a rubber tree using grafting, begin by preparing both the rubber tree rootstock and the scion. It is crucial to ensure that both are healthy and free from any diseases.\n- Step 2: Make identical diagonal cuts on both the rootstock and scion, guaranteeing that the shape and size of the cuts match.\n- Step 3: Align the cambium layers of both the rootstock and scion by carefully placing the scion onto the rootstock.\n- Step 4: For a secure graft union, use a rubber band or grafting tape. Ensure that it is tight enough to hold the graft together but not overly tight to obstruct proper growth.\n- Step 5: To prevent the graft union from drying out, apply grafting wax or a sealant.\n- Step 6: Proper care and maintenance are essential for the grafted tree. This includes regular watering and protection from extreme temperatures.\nUtilizing grafting techniques for side shoots is an effective method to propagate rubber trees and stimulate the growth of new branches. It is crucial to follow these steps diligently in order to achieve successful grafting and promote healthy tree growth.\n3. Air Layering Techniques for Side Shoots\nWhen promoting the growth of side shoots on a rubber tree, air layering is an effective technique. To successfully perform air layering, follow these steps:\n- Identify a healthy branch on the rubber tree where you want the side shoot to grow.\n- Make a horizontal cut around the branch, about one-third of the way through the branch. Ensure the cut is clean and smooth.\n- Apply a rooting hormone to the cut portion of the branch. This will stimulate root growth.\n- Wrap a moist sphagnum moss or peat moss around the cut area. Secure it in place with a plastic or cloth wrap.\n- Keep the moss consistently moist by spraying it with water regularly.\n- Monitor the progress of the baby rubber plant propagation by checking for roots. Once roots have formed, you can remove the side shoot from the main tree.\n- Plant the side shoot in a separate pot or suitable growing medium, ensuring that the roots are covered and supported.\nPro-tip: To achieve successful air layering techniques for side shoots, it is best done during the growing season when the rubber tree is actively producing new growth. Regularly check the moisture levels of the moss and provide appropriate care to the newly formed side shoot to encourage healthy growth.\nStep-by-Step Guide to Force Side Shoots on a Rubber Tree\nPhoto Credits: Allotinabox.Com by Scott Wright\nLooking to expand your rubber tree’s growth? Look no further! This step-by-step guide will walk you through the process of forcing side shoots on a rubber tree. From assessing your tree’s needs to selecting the right method, preparing your tools, and executing the technique of pruning, grafting, or air layering – we’ve got you covered. Get ready to witness remarkable results as we unlock the secrets to stimulating lateral growth in your rubber tree.\nStep 1: Assessing the Rubber Tree\nStep 1: Assessing the Rubber Tree\nExamine the overall health of the rubber tree. Look for any signs of disease or pest infestation, such as wilting leaves, discoloration, or unusual growths.\nInspect the trunk and branches for any cracks or splits. These can indicate weak areas that may affect the growth of side shoots.\nObserve the foliage of the tree. If the leaves are sparse or yellowing, it may be an indication of nutrient deficiencies or poor growing conditions.\nCheck the root system of the tree. Healthy roots should be firm, white, and have a good distribution throughout the soil. Avoid trees with root rot or root-bound conditions.\nConsider the size and age of the tree. Younger trees are generally more responsive to side shoot induction techniques compared to older, well-established trees.\nAssess the environmental conditions around the tree. Factors such as sunlight, temperature, and humidity can affect the success of forcing side shoots.\nTake note of any previous pruning or shaping done on the tree. This can provide insights into the tree’s growth patterns and potential for side shoot development.\nStep 2: Selecting the Appropriate Method\nWhen it comes to forcing side shoots on a rubber tree, step 2 involves selecting the appropriate method. Here are the steps to guide you:\n- Assess the current condition of the rubber tree and determine its health and growth patterns.\n- Consider the available methods for forcing side shoots, such as pruning techniques, grafting techniques, and air layering techniques.\n- Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of each method and choose the one that best suits your specific situation and goals.\n- Gather the necessary tools and equipment for the chosen method, ensuring they are clean and in good condition.\n- Follow the step-by-step instructions for pruning, grafting, or air layering as per your chosen method.\n- Provide the necessary care and maintenance to support the growth of the forced side shoots, including proper watering, fertilization, and protection from pests or diseases.\nRemember, the success of forcing side shoots on a rubber tree depends on selecting the appropriate method based on the tree’s condition and your desired outcomes.\nStep 3: Preparing the Tools and Equipment\nStep 3: Preparing the Tools and Equipment for forcing side shoots on a rubber tree is an essential part of the process. Here are the necessary steps to follow:\n- Gather the essential tools, which include a sharp pruning shear, grafting knife, or air layering tools, depending on the chosen method.\n- Ensure that the tools are clean and sterilized before use. This helps prevent the spread of diseases or infections to the rubber tree.\n- Inspect the tools and make sure they are in good working condition. Blunt or damaged tools can harm the tree and affect the success of the side shoot process.\n- Prepare a clean and stable working surface, such as a sturdy table or bench, where you can comfortably work on the rubber tree.\n- Have a clean and damp cloth or towel nearby to wipe off any dirt or sap from the tools during the process.\n- Keep a container filled with water or a water-soaked cloth nearby to keep the cuttings or grafts moist before planting or attaching them to the rubber tree.\n- Ensure that you have a suitable medium or potting mix ready if you plan to propagate the side shoots using air layering.\n- Wear appropriate protective gear, such as gloves and eye goggles, to protect yourself during the process.\nPro-tip: It s important to have everything prepared and organized before starting the process to ensure a smooth and successful operation. Having clean, sterilized tools and a suitable working space will help minimize the risk of introducing any infections or diseases to the rubber tree.\nStep 4: Pruning or Grafting or Air Layering\nTo force side shoots on a rubber tree, you can follow these steps:\n- Assess the Rubber Tree: Examine the tree to determine if it has side shoots that need to be forced or if it requires additional shoots for growth.\n- Select the Appropriate Method: Decide whether pruning, grafting, or air layering is the best technique to use for forcing side shoots. Consider the tree’s condition and your expertise.\n- Prepare the Tools and Equipment: Gather the necessary tools and equipment for the chosen method, such as pruning shears, grafting knife, or materials for air layering.\n- Pruning or Grafting or Air Layering: Depending on the selected method, proceed with either pruning the tree to stimulate side shoot growth, grafting a side shoot onto the main tree, or initiating air layering on the desired section of the tree.\n- Provide Care and Maintenance: After performing the chosen technique, ensure that the rubber tree receives proper care and maintenance. This includes watering, fertilizing, and monitoring the side shoots’ progress.\nBy following these steps, you can successfully force side shoots on a rubber tree and promote its growth and development. Remember to exercise caution and follow proper procedures to avoid damaging the tree.\nMistakes to Avoid when Forcing Side Shoots\nPhoto Credits: Allotinabox.Com by Scott Garcia\nWhen forcing side shoots on a rubber tree, it’s important to avoid certain mistakes that can hinder the process and potentially harm the plant:\n- Mistake 1: Using excessive force: Applying too much pressure or forcefully bending the stem can cause damage to the plant and may result in permanent deformities.\n- Mistake 2: Not providing proper support: Side shoots need support to grow in the desired direction. Failure to provide adequate support can result in weak or misaligned growth.\n- Mistake 3: Forcing too many side shoots: Trying to force too many side shoots at once can overwhelm the plant’s resources and lead to stunted growth or poor overall health.\n- Mistake 4: Ignoring signs of stress: If the plant shows signs of stress, such as yellowing leaves or wilting, it’s important to reevaluate the forcing process and make any necessary adjustments.\n- Mistake 5: Not allowing sufficient recovery time: After forcing side shoots, the plant needs time to recover and adjust to the new growth. Rushing the process can inhibit healthy growth and development.\nIn a similar tone, an interesting historical fact is that rubber trees are native to the Amazon rainforest and were first discovered by European explorers in the late 18th century. The latex sap from these trees was later used to develop the commercial rubber industry.\nTroubleshooting Common Problems with Side Shoots\nWhen troubleshooting common problems with side shoots on a rubber tree, it is important to address various issues that may arise. Here are some helpful tips to assist you:\n- Stunted growth: If the side shoots are not growing as expected, make sure that the rubber tree receives sufficient sunlight and water. Inadequate care can result in slower growth.\n- Yellowing leaves: Yellow leaves on the side shoots may indicate nutrient deficiencies. Check the soil pH and consider using a balanced fertilizer to provide the necessary nutrients.\n- Wilting or drooping: Side shoots that appear wilted or drooping could be a sign of overwatering or poor drainage. Avoid overwatering the rubber tree and improve drainage to prevent root rot.\n- Pest infestation: Common pests such as aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites can affect side shoots. Regularly inspect the plant and use suitable horticultural oils or insecticides to control infestations.\n- Leaf spots or discoloration: Fungal or bacterial infections can cause leaf spots or discoloration on side shoots. Trim affected leaves and apply a fungicide or bactericide to prevent the spread of the disease.\nBy addressing these common problems, you can ensure the health and vitality of the side shoots on your rubber tree. Remember to provide proper care and maintenance to promote optimal growth and overall plant health.\nFrequently Asked Questions\nHow to Force Side Shoots on a Rubber Tree?\nAnswer: To force side shoots on a rubber tree, you can use the method of notching. This involves making a strategic deep cut on the trunk or branch just above a leaf node to stimulate the growth of a new branch. The hormone auxin will flow downward, causing a new branch to form near the cut.\nWhat is the best time to prune a rubber plant to encourage side branching?\nAnswer: The best time to prune a rubber plant for side branching is during the active growing season, which is from early spring to early summer (March through October). Pruning during this time stimulates new growth and increases the chances of successful branching.\nHow can I fix a leggy rubber plant and encourage more side branches?\nAnswer: If you have a leggy rubber plant with minimal side branches, you can fix it by notching. Make deep cuts just above leaf nodes to stimulate new branch growth. By creating these cuts and allowing auxin to flow downward, you can encourage the plant to branch out and become bushier.\nWhat should I do if my rubber plant is dropping leaves instead of producing side limbs?\nAnswer: If your rubber plant is dropping leaves instead of producing side limbs, it may indicate a lack of proper care. Ensure that your plant is receiving adequate light levels, proper watering, and suitable fertilization. Additionally, you may consider using the notching method or upgrading the soil with a composted mixture to encourage branching and revitalized growth.\nCan I prune the top portion of a rubber plant to force it to branch out?\nAnswer: Yes, you can prune the top portion of a rubber plant to force it to branch out. By breaking apical dominance, which is the upward growth inhibition caused by the main stem, you can encourage the plant to produce side branches. Prune the stem and leaves as far down as desired, leaving a 1/4 inch above a leaf scar or leaf node.\nHow should I water my rubber plant to prevent shock to the roots and encourage side branching?\nAnswer: To prevent shock to the roots and encourage side branching, it is recommended to water your rubber plant with lukewarm water. Adjust the watering amount according to the season, allowing the soil to slightly dry out between waterings. Consistent and appropriate watering will help maintain healthy roots and promote overall plant growth.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hardly ever seen until this year but now it's trendy and on every menu. It grows like a weed in my garden. My favourite way to use it is to rub my salad bowl with a big handful of the stuff and it will impart a lovely savoury Bovril like flavour. When used raw in dishes it can be very overpowering. The first young stalks of spring are the best for a delicious delicate flavour.\nTerry Rayner came home from work one day in 2003 and announced to his wife Win that he was quitting work. Win asked Terry what he was planning to do, \"Start up a seed business.\" \"Where?\" asked Win. \"In the garden shed\" replied Terry, and so Terwin Seeds was formed. (Yes. Terry and Win, Terwin!) Win told me she was a little nervous when several tons of seed potatoes arrived on their doorstep, but the business has grown and now they have an online shop and a small unit in Cockfield, Suffolk. I met them at last weeks Edible Garden Show. As I have predicted Buckwheat to trend I picked up a pack of the sprouting seeds to try.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I like the articleGeneralities Silver ragwort\nSilver ragwort Is an evergreen; during spring iIt assumes a yellowsand colouring; the adult specimens are medium in size and reach 60 cm high. The development is erect, they tend to grow both in height and in width, giving origin to a rounded shrub. These plants are shrubs. Fertilization Silver ragwort\nIn the spring letís fertilize perennials periodically, using a specific fertilizer for flowering plants, to add to the irrigating water, every 20-25 days; or we can spread a slow release fertilizer near the plants every 3-4 months. Exposure Silver ragwort\nDuring this time of year we shouldn't worry about minimum temperatures, in fact the The Silver ragwort can bear temperatures a few degrees below zero. Plant which need at least a few hours a day of solar light.Perennial plants mainly have a spring and summer development. During the coldest months of the year the aerial part can completely dry out, to come up the year after. Watering Silver ragwort\nLetís avoid watering the The Silver ragwort excessively, always leaving the soil dry for a few days between one watering and the other, therefore letís irrigate the substratum deeply every 1-2 weeks with 2-3 glasses of water . These plants display a pretty long period of vegetational rest. During this time it isn't necessary to water the plants. Treatments Silver ragwort\nAs the day-time temperatures rise at the beginning of the spring, it is agreeable to practice a preventive treatment, with a wide-range insecticide, which should be applied when there arenít flowerings in the garden. Before the buds become too large, it is advisable to also treat them with a wide-range fungicide, to prevent the development of fungal diseases which spread easily when there is an elevated environmental moisture. Soil Silver ragwort\nLocate these plants in a soft and deep, very well drained soil.\nNotes Silver ragwort\nThere aren't any notes. The indications given in this article are related to a medium size plant.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Many farmers have experienced significant loss of pasture and crops due to recent floods.\nQuestions are now being asked about what can be done with these paddocks over summer prior\nto sowing new pasture or crops next autumn.\nThere are essentially two options farmers can consider with affected paddocks; either\nmaintaining a fallow prior to sowing next autumn or sowing a summer forage crop. The choice\nwill depend to some extent on the number and class of livestock on hand for feeding over\nWhile maintaining a fallow will be appropriate on some paddocks, given the full moisture profile,\nthere is expected to be significant increases in weed germinations this year with flood water\nhaving carried in weed seed and good moisture conditions providing ample opportunity for their\ngermination. It is likely that repeated spraying will be required this year to maintain a clean fallow\n– the cost of this operation can add up considerably.\nIt is worthwhile considering summer forage crops on at least some paddocks as these can\nprovide opportunity for finishing or maintaining livestock over the summer period whilst offering\ncompetition against weeds.\nWithin the summer forages, millet and forage sorghums are two main options. Millet is a good\noption for both sheep and cattle while forage sorghums are better suited to cattle only. Generally,\nmillet maintains better feed quality (digestibility, protein) than sorghums.\nThere is a risk of prussic acid poisoning associated with sorghum so it is critical to observe\ngrazing recommendations. Millet is a safer option than sorghum as it does not contain prussic\nBoth millet and sorghum can be grazed or used for silage or haymaking purposes. The stage of\nmaturity of the plant has a significant impact on quality of the conserved forage.\nPresence of residual herbicides can impact on the performance of both millet and sorghum so it\nis important to check herbicide application records and check plant-back periods on herbicide\nlabels prior to sowing.\nRecent research by John Piltz at NSW DPI has shown use of summer forage options can add\nconsiderably to livestock production potential over summer and also assist in suppressing\n“Based on feed analysis of samples from our studies last year, we determined weaner lambs\nwould be capable of growing at over 150 g/head/day on millet during the vegetative stage of\ngrowth,” said Mr. Piltz.\n“In addition, we saw a significant reduction in the amount of witchgrass, a common summer\nweed, when millet was grown compared to fallow plots,” Mr Piltz said.\nWhether you choose fallow or forage crop options over summer, the essential thing is to control\nweeds through this period to set next year’s pasture or crop sowings up for success.\nFor further information on animal health or flood recovery, please contact your nearest Local\nLand Services Office.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "STORAGE TYPES Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot email@example.com\nLocal storage Local storage is the storage of grains, in houses. In local storage we use tin, metal, clay and grass made container. It protects the grains from house hold grain pests and rodents.\nExamples Of Local Storage1. ) Purl2. ) Patare3. ) Pussa bin4.) Gade5.) Pucca Kothl6. ) Metal_bins", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Arbequina is an olive variety born in Catalonia (Spain). Arbequina oils have a rich and complex taste profile. The delicate aromas make for a smooth and well-balanced introduction on the palate.\nThese olive oils present a wide sensory spectrum with flavours ranging from almond, apple or banana to freshly cut grass. The presence of aromatic herbs brings out a nice refreshing feel. Notes of dried fruit can add a ripe fruity touch.\nThe quality and taste profile of our extra virgin olive oils are the result of a solid olive-growing expertise, an exceptional parcel of land and hardy olive trees.\nOur olives are meticulously hand picked and pressed in highly controlled conditions in order to extract the best of the olive.\nSENSORY CHARACTERISTICS :\n1ÈRE|RÉCOLTE is an extra virgin olive oil with character. With green fruity and ripe notes, it provides a unique taste profile. It presents aromas ranging from freshly cut grass to apple, green almond, hazelnut and walnut.\nThis diversity of aromatic flavours is delicately balanced and highlights the uniqueness of our extra virgin olive oil.\nCULINARY MATCHES :\n1ÈRE|RÉCOLTE is an excellent tasting oil that perfectly complements fish, pasta and vegetable dishes and is also a nice addition to any dressing.\nNutrition Information per 3,38 oz (100ml)\n|Total Fat (g)\n| Saturated Fat (g)\n| Sugar (g)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cosmos, “Rubenza” Seeds\nDeeply colored 3″ blooms are beauteous in contrast when paired with white flowers and silver-foliage plants. A Fleuroselect Novelty award winner, this cosmos is a real standout in the garden or a vase, and butterflies love them, too. Blooms start out red-wine colored and turn to dusky rose as they age. Growing cosmos is an easy way to add color to your garden, as they require little attention and are drought tolerant.\n300 mg packet contains ~29 seeds\nWhen to Sow Outside: RECOMMENDED. 1 to 2 weeks after your average last frost date, and when soil temperature is at least 60°F.\nWhen to Start Inside: 4 to 6 weeks before your average last frost date.\nDays to Emerge: 5–10 days\nSeed Depth: Barely cover\nSeed Spacing: A group of 3 seeds every 12\"\nThinning: When 1\" – 2\" tall, thin to 1 every 12\"\nHarvesting: For longest vase life, cut stems just as flower buds begin to open.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This What-If simulation estimates the costs and societal benefits from investing in drip irrigation infrastructure for a rural community in Ghana. The simulation results serve to inform the Green Climate Fund and other public donors and investors whether such irrigation infrastructure should be targeted by sustainable recovery financing.\nThis What-If simulation explores if water-efficient irrigation infrastructure on 1,010 hectares of agricultural land in a rural area in Ghana is a worthwhile infrastructure investment for sustainable community development in light of climate change and the economic challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.\nThe conducted assessment consists of a valuation of the additional costs and benefits associated with the implementation of water-efficient irrigation infrastructure in the proposed project area. Water-efficient irrigation is assumed to lead to greater water availability and free up more land to be used for crop production. Read the full report for detailed simulation results.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Greenhouse gas emission analyses from nine agricultural development projects reveal mitigation options\nAnalyses show that some agricultural practices contribute to improved food security and climate change mitigation; practices adopted at large scales could contribute significantly to food and climate goals.\nThe 119 countries that committed to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the Paris Agreement are developing implementation plans that include sub-sectoral goals and strategies. Recently published agricultural greenhouse gas emission analyses from nine tropical, developing countries can help prioritize agricultural practices that contribute to sustainable development goals in food security and climate.\nReseachers analyzed nine USAID agricultural projects and identified agricultural management practices in rice, agroforestry and livestock systems that increase production, provide climate change mitigation co-benefits and have potential for widespread adoption.\nThe analyses result from a collaborative effort of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). They serve to improve understanding of how different agricultural management practices impact yields, net greenhouse gas emissions and emission intensity.\nAgricultural practices with food security and climate benefitsIrrigated rice\nIn alternate wetting and drying (AWD) farmers periodically dry their irrigated lowland rice fields.Because submerged soil leads to low-oxygen conditions, organic residue in flooded rice paddies decomposes anaerobically, releasing methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. Periodically drying the paddy interrupts this process and can reduce methane emissions by up to half as compared to continuous flooding. AWD also reduces water use by up to 30%, conserving water and the fuel required to pump it, often decreasing out-of-pocket costs for farmers.\nAnalyses revealed that although AWD delivers high climate change mitigation benefits per-area, barriers limit widespread adoption. The extent to which AWD can contribute to climate change mitigation and water conservation depends on identifying where and how to surmount these barriers. Read more on AWD in Bangladesh, Ghana and Haiti.\nUrea deep placement (UDP) is a fertilizer management technology that improves nutrient use efficiency by placing urea briquettes into soil, instead of broadcasting urea granules on the surface of soil. Most often used in rice paddies, UDP reduces emissions of nitrous oxide and unintended nitrogen loss caused by volatilization of ammonia, surface runoff and nitrate leaching. UDP also decreases the amount of fertilizer needed compared to surface broadcasting.\nWhile emission reductions per hectare from UDP are small, nitrogen uptake by plans - and thus health of plants - is large. The Accelerating Agriculture Productivity Improvement project in Bangladesh expected wide uptake of UDP and thus large emission reductions for the project. The project also found that farmers who use mechanization for UDP are more likely to adopt the practice, given the physical demands of manually placing briquettes.\nPerennial crops and agroforestry\nPerennial crops and agroforestry remove carbon from the atmosphere by storing carbon in plant biomass and soil. Improving landscape management by avoiding land degradation, replacing annual crops with perennial crops, installing agroforestry systems and better managing soil fertility convey climate change mitigation benefits by creating conditions in which plants and soil can store more carbon and/or reducing emissions associated with fertilizer.\nEmission reductions potential varies by particular practice. Agroforestry projects need to consider which types of agroforestry systems make sense in the local context and pay careful attention to why farmers might or might not adopt and maintain trees in their fields. In Zambia, farmers adopted alley agroforestry systems (in which rows of perennial crops or trees are planted among annual crops) and experienced increased annual crop productivity while sequestering carbon. These farmers also had an added incentive to grow and maintain trees on their farms: the project connected them to consumer markets through a product label that offered premium prices to growers who complied with conservation standards, including practicing agroforestry.\nHerd size management strategies aim to increase productivity, enabling reduction of herd size while maintaining the level of production of the agricultural product, such as milk or meat for example. In general, a small but efficient herd increases productivity per animal and results in lower net greenhouse gas emissions.\nA project in Kenya aimed to reduce total herd-size by 10% in two counties through quicker animal growth that allows slaughter at an earlier age. The project boosted producers’ access to inputs (feed and veterinary services), improved market links between livestock producers and buyers and increased the availability of timely market information for livestock producers. This herd-size management strategy was appropriate for Kenya; project developers must adapt strategies to the local context and assess whether incentives or changes to enabling conditions (e.g., insurance, financial services) are needed for a livestock producer to reduce herd size without facing production risks.\nGrassland improvements are accomplished through managing the intensity and timing of grazing, planting or protecting species and/or adding nutrients and water to promote growth. Grassland improvements contribute to increased agricultural productivity and provide mitigation co-benefits by sequestering more carbon in soil and biomass.\nA project in Ethiopia improved pasture quality and increased biomass and soil carbon sequestration by employing soil and water conservation measures, enclosing degraded pastures, selectively thinning bush and clearing the invasive plant Prosopis.\nAccess the case studies\n- Accelerating Agriculture Productivity Improvement (AAPI) in Bangladesh: irrigated rice, soil and fertilizer management\n- ACCESO in Honduras: perennial crops and agroforestry, livestock, soil and fertilizer management\n- Agricultural Development and Value Chain Enhancement Activity (ADVANCE) II in Ghana: irrigated rice, soil and water management\n- Better Life Alliance in Zambia: perennial crops and agroforestry, land use, soil and fertilizer management\n- Chanjè Lavi Planté in Haiti: perennial crops and agroforestry, irrigated rice, land use, soil and fertilizer management\n- Pastoralist Resiliency Improvement and Market Expansion (PRIME) in Ethiopia: livestock\n- Peru Cacao Alliance in Peru: perennial crops and agroforestry, soil and fertilizer management\n- Resilience & Economic Growth in Arid Lands - Accelerated Growth (REGAL-AG) in Kenya: livestock\n- Rwanda Dairy Competitiveness Project in Rwanda: livestock\n- USAID-CCAFS collaboration: Low emissions opportunities in agriculture: Supporting food security, economic growth and biodiversity conservation\n- CCAFS project: Low emissions opportunities in USAID agriculture and food security initiatives\nClimate Links published a related blog called Case Studies from Nine Countries Show Climate Change Mitigation Co-benefits from Agricultural Practices that Support Food Security on August 15, 2017.\nJulianna White is Program Manager for CCAFS Low Emissions Development, based at the University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment. Julie Nash was a scientist with CCAFS Low Emissions Development and the University of Vermont Gund Institute for Environment in 2016. She is now a Senior Manager in Food and Markets for Ceres, Inc.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“Fallen leaves lying on the grass in the November sun bring more happiness than the daffodils” – Cyril Connolly\nIf left on the grass of your lawn for long enough, leaves will cause it to weaken and yellow, which will encourage fungal diseases and bare patches. Gather them up and turn them into leafmould, which has many uses all around the garden.\nYoung leafmould – one to two years old – leaves that are beginning to break up and are easily crumbled in the hand can be used for mulch around shrubs, herbaceous perennials, trees and veg. Dig it in as a soil improver, Autumn top-dressing for lawns, or a winter cover for bare soil.\nWell-rotted leafmould (two or more years old) can be used as above, and also mixed with equal parts sharp sand and garden compost as a seed-sowing mix or potting compost.\nLeaves contain over 75% of the nutrients of the tree. Most are reabsorbed by the tree as the leaves die. What’s left is the fibre in the leaves’ cell structure, a substance called lignin. In your soil lignin acts as a buffer against extremes of mineral flows within the soil and can hold nutrients in reserve.\nThe only negative about leafmould is the time it takes to make. It contains mostly carbon, which takes longer to break down than the mostly nitrogen-rich materials you put into your compost heap. Leaves are broken down by the slow, cool action of fungi. If you put large amounts of leaves in your compost heap it will slow down the composting process, which is done by heat-generating bacteria. Unless you only have small amounts of leaves, don’t add them to your compost heap.\nLarge quantities of autumn leaves are best recycled separately in a leafmould heap or in smaller quantities in black plastic bags with holes punctured in them with a fork. The way to keep a heap in place is to drive posts into the ground, surround it with chicken wire or similar, and fill with leaves.\nYou can rake the leaves up or an easier way is to use your lawnmower with the grass-collection box on. This also chops the leaves up small, which will speed up the breaking-down process, and if you have grass clippings mixed in it will increase the nutrient content of your leafmould.\nMake sure to soak the leaves as you are building up the layers, as they must be wet to break down. Check them every so often throughout the year, and wet them if they dry out. If they do dry out, mix them up as you wet them.\nOak, beech and hornbeam make the best leafmould; ash, sycamore and chestnut also work, but take longer to break down. Tough evergreen leaves like holly or laurel take too long and are best shredded and added to the compost heap.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic, hand-picked midi cucumber. Harvested early, these are tender and slightly sweet, with a lovely crunch.\nCucumbers are difficult to grow in England, therefore we grow under cover which creates a warmer environment. We use beneficial insects within in the tunnels in order to keep pests such as aphids under control and the cucumbers are grown up a string\nKeep in the vegetable drawer in the fridge for up to a week.\nMother and daughter-run Purton House Organics supplies much of our fruit and vegetables, as well as organic beef, pork and eggs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Each year around 3 830 cubic km - that's 3.8 billion tonnes - of freshwater is withdrawn for human use. The lion's share is taken by the agriculture sector, which accounts globally for about 70 percent of all water withdrawals.\n\"Agriculture has been highly successful in capturing the bulk of the world's freshwater resources,\" says an FAO report to COAG, \"but with little accountability.\" That is changing rapidly, in the face of demographic growth and economic development that has placed unprecedented pressure on water supplies, particularly in arid regions.\nAs the global population - especially urban population - grows, more water will be required worldwide for domestic and industrial use. Already there is intense competition for water in peri-urban zones and urban hinterlands in developing countries. Beyond the \"productive sectors\", awareness is growing that part of the available surface water must be left to follow its natural course to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.\nFAO says agriculture's role in generating water scarcity - and degrading high quality surface and groundwater for marginal output - is not disputed. \"What is often ignored, however, is the potential of sound management of agricultural water use to open up more options for reallocation.\" The report makes the case for consolidating FAO's existing water-related activities under an explicit water programme designed to leverage all the multi-disciplinary capacities available within the Organization.\n\"The scope of FAO's involvement with water resource management is extremely wide, from the precise application of water to the root zone, to the development of livestock watering strategies and aquaculture,\" the report says. Among UN specialized agencies, \"FAO has the highest comparative advantage in tackling water scarcity issues in agriculture\", being able to deliver the full range of technical analysis and support required. This has already been recognized by the United Nations' coordinating mechanism, UN-Water, which has assigned FAO to lead its water scarcity initiative.\nBut water expertise is currently dispersed across the organization. A more coherent water programme would, therefore, enhance the delivery of technical and policy advice to member countries and regional groupings, particularly those having to reconcile water scarcity with agricultural development. The programme would implicate all FAO technical departments, and require a much sharper, systemic focus from the relevant units to be built into a substantive programmatic framework.\nThe proposed programme would aim at generating water use efficiencies and productivity increases in on-farm water management, and optimizing water allocations within agriculture and across all the other productive sectors.\nThe productivity derived from water management is contingent on many factors, such as soil fertility, cultivar selection and post-harvest controls up to the farm gate. That, the report says, \"sets the systemic value added chain in which water use efficiency can be evaluated and the scope for on-farm systemic improvement analysed\". Under conditions of limited water availability, management improvements - e.g. sprinkler, trickle and deficit irrigation - are imperative. Also recommended are integrated water conservation practices and economic incentives to influence the total level of water use and the pattern of use. Maximizing crop yield per unit of land helps maximize yield per unit of water use.\nThe use of irrigation drainage water and resources of marginal quality, such as treated wastewater and saline water, is increasing. Those \"non-conventional\" water resources have become essential for millions of smallholders, both for its water and nutrient value and for its reliability. To protect and sustain high quality water for drinking, irrigation management should increase the \"safe use\" of low quality water resources, selecting and investing in water treatment technology that takes into account health protection, pollution control, costs, the scale of operation, and the quality of water needed for specific purposes.\nWater harvesting has the potential to contribute substantially to increased food production, in water-scarce regions with few technical options for water storage and control. FAO studies show that\nThe report says \"agricultural agencies need to be in a much better position to negotiate reallocation of bulk water resources before access and control is simply withdrawn through compulsory reallocation\". FAO advises agricultural agencies to provide clear information on agricultural water use, engage with other key players in the water sector, and establish transparent methods to negotiate allocations. Institutional shifts are also needed to enhance the economic mobility of water both within agriculture and across competing economic sectors. In irrigation, there must be a shift from a supply-driven approach to development strategies that are much more responsive to demand.\nRead the full FAO report to COAG on Agriculture and water scarcity (PDF, 145K)\nSee also in Spotlight: Environment and agriculture, Reconciling livestock and environment, and Agribusiness boom\nGet the full list of COAG documents\nPublished April 2007", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "simple genetics practice problems answer key\nOther people might say that composting is too complicated and that it is smelly and messy. And backyard composting is even more convenient. Making your own compost the right way is simply layering organic materials — including food waste and a bit of soil — to create something that will turn into humus. Cover your compost pile. Meanwhile, ashes, sawdust, and straw are considered to be dry. Doing so retains moisture and heat, which are essential in making your compost. Then simply alternate between layers of greens materials (nitrogen-rich material) and browns (carbon-rich material). Composting helps us preserve the environment because it reduces our need of using chemical-based fertilizers and soil conditioners. So while you already have the dirt (pun intended) on how to make your own composting soil for gardening, you just have to get ready to wield your composting tools while you choose the best part in your house to put in your compost pile or bin. Compost improves the presence of earthworms and other helpful microorganisms in the soil, which can help balance the soil ecosystem. Take note of the following: Before you proceed to harness your own compost for gardening, you must already know that there are three types of composting, namely, hot composting, cold composting and vermiculture or worm composting. You can purchase compost bins from a variety of garden and home stores, or you can build your own compost bin.The size and type of bin you purchase or build will depend on how much compostable material you generate. So perhaps the best benefit from composting is your ability to turn trash into treasure, keeping trash off the landfills and, in turn, reducing your carbon footprint. Remove all the finished compost from the bin, leaving unfinished materials in the bin to continue decomposing. Compost is now widely recognized as a helpful tool in replenishing the fertility of the soil without making use of chemical fertilizers. With this, composting could let you save money for landfill fees. Step 5: Keep Moist. Always consider choosing the method that will work best for your time, energy, and space. The City of Leduc is a community that takes great pride in its past, present and future. Make sure to keep the compost pile moist. The finished compost will end up at the top of the bin or compost pile. Most importantly you should find a convenient location. The point is, composting is doable. Cover your compost pile. Hot composting is faster, and you can yield compost in one to three months, most especially in warm weather. Hot composting would need four components, namely, air, water, nitrogen, and carbon. Step 4- Initiate the Composting Process: To maintain the dry waste and wet waste balance, add food waste and wet waste at alternate levels in the bin.For example if … However, these nitrogen-rich castings aren’t just produced by any worm. This 'tea' can be used to water plants and gardens. Grab yourself an old ice cream bucket, an old kitty litter bucket, or any bucket with a lid. Alternate between your moist and dry components. Cover this layer with leaves. These four items become food to microorganisms that could speed up the process of decay. If it is in the back of your yard will you be willing to trudge through the snow to get to it in the middle of winter? Backyard composting has many benefits. Turn your compost pile. Mix or turn the compost once a week to help the breakdown process and eliminate odour. Things such as tea bags, food waste, and plant waste are considered to be moist. Road / Sidewalk / Lane - Temporary Closure. How To Compost - 5 Steps of Composting. The above might be true if you try to compost using the wrong method. Read on to know the advantages of composting, the most common types of making compost, how to make compost yourself, what composting techniques you can use, and how you can best prepare your compost for gardening. With the correct amount of moisture, good nutrient balance, correct temperature, and enough aeration, composting will be a breeze for both first-timers and veteran gardeners alike. Redworms are usually inexpensive and can be purchased through your local garden supplier or online. When you pile your food scraps together with other biodegradable waste, worms slowly eat it, allowing them to release worm castings which are rich in nitrogen. Collect Your Green Material. Step 1: Collect Compostable Material Like Food Scraps and Yard Waste Step 1 of the composting process is to collect compostable materials. Simple enough, right? There are just 5 easy steps to composting to get you on your way to all the black gold you could ever want! Step 4 – next up is putting the green materials that are high in nitrogen and can be used to activate the heating process in your compost. It is also easy to make and most of all, it is a great way to reduce waste. The soil area underneath a compost bin becomes rich since the nutrients coming out of the bin trickle down after several watering sessions. It’s usually the method chosen by more serious gardeners. Through composting, people get to utilize plant waste, food and kitchen waste, leaves, lawn clippings, and any other biodegradable waste that can get thrown away otherwise. Do some occasional watering. During the spring or in the fall, garden waste becomes plenty, so you can definitely have a second batch of compost while another one is currently being “cooked.”. Moreover, compost, when added to the soil, can improve the soil’s structure. 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{"text": "Updated: Apr 26, 2022\nKnowing when to plant your vegetable garden in zone 3 Alberta can be a tricky question but it is one of the most basic of gardening questions. Today I will share with you my vegetable garden planting calendar for where I live near Calgary, Alberta.\nDisclosure: This website is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.\nIndoor Alberta Planting Calendar\nIn late January to early March you will want to begin growing your plants for this year's garden by seeding your onions (if you choose to grow them from seed), leeks, celery and peppers and tomatoes. If you wait much later you will most likely have beautiful plants that won't have time to bear much fruit in your Alberta vegetable garden, or in other similar northern climates. If you do not want to start these plants yourself I would suggest picking them up at a local greenhouse in May.\nFor a full guide on when to start plants indoors for zone 3 gardening and to find your free printable indoor seeding calendar, check out When to Start Seeds Indoors.\nIn early May begin your squash, watermelon, cucumbers and brassicas (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage) indoors. These should be planted in peat pots, (such as these ones from Amazon) or some use toilet paper rolls, as they do not like their roots being disturbed when they are transplanted. For transplanting make sure pots are good and wet and then cut the bottom off with scissors and plant the rest of the pot into the ground. The rest of the pot will decompose as the plant grow.\nFor the past couple years I have been experimenting with planting many of my garden vegetables earlier than I had previous years, aiming for the end of April vs. the third weekend in May as I had been doing. It is true that it in southern Alberta, we often experience snow and freezing temperatures over the May long weekend. Even so, many cool weather crops will withstand these temperatures and planting them early can add weeks to your growing season!\nI have found that spinach especially likes the cold and can be planted outdoors as soon as your soil is workable. Yes, even if you are expecting more freezing temperatures and snow. Plant spinach in Alberta anytime in March or April for the best spinach crop.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The new Turf Pest Tracker will follow the timing and movement of the adult life cycle stages of key turf pests this summer, to get a better picture of when and where the pests are flying.\nThe GreenCast website enables all turf managers and agronomists to report activity of the main chafer species and crane fly, using their phone, tablet or computer. Sightings are instantly recorded on maps, giving the chance to visually check out the level of pest presence reported in any local area.\nTurf Pest Tracker is supported by an on-line pest identification and lifecycle guide, along with information to tailor an effective Integrated Pest Management programme.\nChafer grubs and leatherjacket soil pests can result in severe damage to turf roots and surface quality, along with extensive damage from their predators uprooting turf.\nHighlighting the value of Turf Pest Tracker for the industry, Syngenta Technical Manager, Glenn Kirby, said: \"Accurate identification and knowing your target soil pest life-cycle is essential for an effective integrated control programme and optimum timing of controls.\"\nHe believes live tracking of adult pest activity will give a valuable early warning of potential soil pest activity and where problems may strike.\nMay bug (Cockchafer) and leatherjacket\n\"Changing climatic trends have blurred the historic east/west split, which typically saw chafers more prevalent the east and leatherjackets more common in the west.\n\"Also, changes in weather patterns - along with the adapting life-cycle of the insects - have further complicated predicting pest activity.\"\nGlenn pointed out that last season, for example, the intense heat and dry conditions appeared to delay the emergence of crane fly - the adult stage of leatherjackets - for up to a month later than the July/August norm. Crane fly were even reported emerging and on the wing in October, making it difficult to target control of resulting larvae.\n\"The more people that get involved with Turf Pest Tracker, the clearer the picture the industry will have to tackle the issues,\" he added.\nTurf Pest Tracker is available to report and view insect activity on the Syngenta GreenCast website, www.greencast.co.uk Updates and information will be regularly shared on Twitter: @syngentaturfuk #PestTracker", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "6 August 2020\nThis article originally appeared in Haaretz.\nFrom biblical plague to modern day protein, one Israeli firm wants to make locusts a sustainable food choice in the Holy Land and beyond.\nAs for whether or not the insects are kosher, the answer is not so simple.\nAt Hargol Foodtech’s farm in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, a rectangular enclosure that once served as a chicken coop is filled with thousands of locusts, a grasshopper species that has a highly destructive swarming phase.\nContained in a series of meticulously stacked, climate-controlled mesh cages, the insects are served wheatgrass through their three-month life-cycle, before being cooled, killed and baked.\nHargol‘s chief executive Dror Tamir told AFP that he grew up hearing stories of how locusts destroyed the fields of his kibbutz in the 1950s. Yet the Yemenite Jews in the area did not view locusts as crop-ruining pests, but as an edible source of nutrients, Tamir recalled.\nGrasshoppers: the “solution”\nAs an adult, Tamir became a food and nutrition entrepreneur increasingly concerned about the environmental cost of providing the world’s growing population with enough animal protein. Tamir said he founded Hargol — Hebrew for grasshopper — six and a half years ago after realising the insects were the solution.\nNews of Hargol has appeared globally in Taipei Times, Notizie Scientifiche, Yahoo News, Arutz Sheva, Haaretz, Money Control, Correio Braziliense, Noticias de Israel, MSN, Arte, The Times of Israel, The Straits Times, The Youth Times, Bastion Balance, Naija Wild, La Presse and Malay Mail\nFruitSpec raises $5 million\nFruitSpec’s Yield Management Platform provides digital visibility of fruit yield data to entire supply-chain production units\nPhytolon secures $4.1 million in funding\nFunding for fermentation-based technology for the production of food colors", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Delicate, pale pink florets\nIdeal for containers\nEasy to grow and maintain\nHeight Up to 100cm (39.4in)\nSpread Up to 100cm (39.4in)\npatiocottage gardenscut flower gardenspecimen plant\nSun or semi shade\n2 Options From£9.74 (\nJust£14.99ADD TO BASKET\n2 Options From£7.99 (\n3 Options From£12.99ADD TO BASKET\n5 Options From£12.99 (\n5 Options From£12.99ADD TO BASKET\n11 Options From£12.99ADD TO BASKET\n10 Options From£20.00 (\n5 Options From£11.99ADD TO BASKET\n4 Options From£12.99 (\n16 Options From£11.99ADD TO BASKET\n3 Options From£12.99 (\nPlant height and spread is seasonal therefore we list by pot size rather than a defined plant size. The height and spread of the plant delivered will vary depending on the season, meaning arrival images are an indication only.\n2 x 10 Litre Potted Plants (TKA0310)\n2 x 3.6 Litre Potted Plants (T66750P)\n1 x 10 Litre Potted Plant (KA0309)\n1 x 3.6 Litre Potted Plant (66258)\nWater regularly until plants are fully established. Leave the faded hydrangea flower heads in place until the new buds swell in spring to protect the delicate buds from frost damage. In early spring, dead head the old flowers, cutting them back to a pair of healthy buds just below.\nIn late winter or early spring remove one or two of the oldest stems to the base. This will encourage the development of new, replacement shoots and keep the shrub productive.\nAfter pruning hydrangeas, apply a mulch of well rotted manure or compost around the base of the plant. Caution: Contact with hydrangea foliage may irritate the skin and eyes and all parts are harmful if eaten.\nCaution: irritant to skin and eyes,harmful if eaten\nSeeds and garden supplies will normally be delivered within the time period stated against each product as detailed above. Plants, bulbs, corms, tubers, shrubs, trees, potatoes, etc. are delivered at the appropriate time for planting or potting on. Delivery times will be stated on the product page above, or in your order acknowledgement page and email.\nOrders for packets of seed incur a delivery charge of £2.99.\nOrders which include any other products will incur a delivery charge of £6.99.\nWhere an order includes both packets of seeds and other products, a maximum delivery charge of £7.99 will apply - regardless of the number of items ordered.\nLarge items may incur a higher delivery charge - this will be displayed in your shopping basket.\nPlease see our Delivery page for further details, and more information on different charges that may apply to certain destinations.\nFor more information on how we send your plants please visit our Helpful Guide on plant sizes.\n4 Options From£29.99ADD TO BASKET\n© 2024 Thompson & Morgan. All rights reserved. A division of Branded Garden Products Limited.\nSign up for exclusive offers!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This cartoonish sounding weed has recently been spotted in Cleveland and Columbus yards this spring. Often mistaken for crabgrass; quackgrass is a perennial grass that looks very similar, with thin hollow stems and fat, hairy blades. In this article, we'll take a look at what it is, what causes it, and most importantly, how to get rid of it.\nQuackgrass is a perennial weed that has been in America for hundreds of years. Like other perennials, quackgrass has a strong, deep root system with rhizomes that if split, can grow into separate plants. This quick spreading weed can take over a lawn very quickly and because most of the plant/weed is below the surface, it is very hard to control.\nWhat Causes Quackgrass to Grow in Lawns?\nQuackgrass seeds are a tasty treat for small birds, such as sparrows. Often these birds lose the seeds in your lawn, causing the weed to grow. Additionally, straw bales often contain quackgrass seeds that can get into your lawn.\nOnce one plant grows, it often spreads with a little help from us. When quackgrass goes to seed, mowing the lawn often spreads the seed further causing more plants, further complicating the problem.\nHow Can I Get Rid of Quackgrass?\nUnfortunately, quackgrass is one of the hardest weeds to get rid of in your lawn. There is no selective herbicide that will kill quackgrass and leave your lawn un-effected. The best bet for treating your lawn is to treat the quackgrass clumps with Roundup, remove the dead plant, and seed the area. While it may seem extreme, killing quackgrass early in the season will help to keep this weed from going to seed, and spreading all over your lawn.\nQuackgrass: Weed of the Week from AgPHD.com\nSpring Tips and Tricks to Keep Weeds Like Quackgrass at Bay!\nWeeds are just one of the many issues you could face this spring. That's why Weed Pro has put together one of the best spring lawn care guides in the industry. The best part is that it's yours absolutely free by clicking on the link below!\n|Shaun Kanary has been a part of the Green Industry for the past 15 years. As the Director of Marketing for Weed Pro Lawn Care, a Cleveland and Columbus Lawn Care Service Provider, Shaun is a regular contributor to the Weed Pro Blog, and other industry magazine and blogs.\nShaun on Google+ Shaun on LinkedIn Shaun on Twitter", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are many families today who have kitchen gardens that they use to produce their own food. If your are interested in a more sustainable living, a vegetable garden is a wonderful supplement to a family diet. An average family can spend around $70 to grow a vegetable garden every year and in return get close to $600 worth of vegetables for their family.\nWe have definitely done a lot of progress in terms of science and technology, but soon we will have to pay a price for it. Due to the rapid growth of industries, the air and water that we consume today isn't the way it used to be a few years ago and soon the younger generations will suffer from critical health issues. Also the food that we eat is grown using harmful chemicals!\nOne of the most important aspects in vegetable gardening is to learn how to get your produces to grow in the best manner possible. Regardless if you are an accomplished gardener or if you are just started on the hobby, what kind of vegetable gardener you are, or what kind of vegetables you intend to grow, having some useful tips would certainly be helpful. Much Information Available There are plenty of good, useful gardening help that is available over the Internet.\nToday I would like to talk to you about the benefits of raised bed vegetable gardening. There are several different ways of going about creating a raised bed vegetable garden. One way is to create a mounded raised bed. This is the way the Indians use to do it and for good reason.\nGarden design for organic vegetable gardens is all about knowing what to plant and when to plant while taking sun exposure, watering and fertilizing into consideration. An organic garden is just gardening using only natural fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides and soils. In every other aspect such as planning, preparing, planting and maintenance organic gardening is just regular gardening.\nIf you looking at planting and making a vegetable garden you need to understand a few basics before you start digging away and planting seedlings. One of the most important components of having a wonderful and healthy vegetable garden is preparation.\nAre you looking to plant your very own vegetable garden but you're not sure how to get started? Planting a healthy vegetable garden provides so many benefits including an abundance of healthy organic food and saving thousands on your grocery bills. I don't know about you but I still remember the days when a tomato from the supermarket tasted like a tomato, not anymore unfortunately. Let's look at some vegetable gardening for beginners tips to help get you started today.\nYou might think that growing your own vegetable garden is a lot of work, time consuming and a hassle. The first thing that would come into your mind when you hear garden would be maintenance, time and dirt. Well, that is true.\nA garden is the main attraction of your property. But, it does not need to be all ornamental because there are varieties of plants that can be planted in your garden. And the best way to make use of your garden is by planting vegetables on one part of it.\nGardening trends tend to come and go but organic vegetable gardening has attracted increasing interest over recent times. With the long term sustainability of our planet a shared concern of many, it looks like this trend is here to stay!\nWith the price of food getting higher, many judicious people are considering a home vegetable garden. But with the average size of new yards getting smaller it may seem at first that it will be difficult to squeeze a vegetable patch in. Planting your vegetables in rows in only one of the many possible vegetable garden layouts. It is possible to design an attractive veggie garden with a creative garden layout where flowers are interspersed amongst the vegetables.\nIf you have decided to start to grow your own vegetables at home, vegetable garden planning is a worthwhile investment of your time. Planning your veggie garden will enable you to save time, money, space and labor. Find out how to create your plan in 5 steps.\nWhen starting a vegetable garden, one of the most important initial steps you must get right is planning your garden. Take a bit of time to think of where you wish to have your vegetable garden, its direction, how you will plant your vegetables etc.\nOrganic gardening has become very popular over the past several years and many people practice some form of organic gardening without even realizing it. Growing vegetables using only natural methods is known as organic vegetable gardening. Artificial chemicals are avoided when it comes to pest control, weed control and fertilization.\nVegetable gardening is an easy hobby. In fact, if you have a piece of bare land in your garden, you can immediately take up vegetable gardening. It is that simple. However, you need several tips in order to get started so that you can feel the true satisfaction of seeing your vegetables becoming ready for harvesting.\nThe raised bed vegetable garden can be as simple or as elaborate as you wish. As long as you use the principles associated with this type of garden bed then you can expect to get great results with a bounty of fresh healthy vegetables.\nAs the proud owner of a tiny vegetable plot one of the easiest ways to increase my plot is to grow vegetables in containers. Container vegetable gardening has become very popular to the point the seed companies now have special varieties for growing vegetables in containers. You cannot always use just any plants because some varieties like a wide spread root system while others grow perfectly well with a smaller root set.\nVegetable gardening is becoming more popular all of the time. It is estimated that one out of every three people in the United States does some kind of gardening. A large percentage of gardening is done in urban areas. Growing great vegetables does not have to be difficult. In order to experience this wonderful hobby all you have to do is follow a few simple rules.\nIf you are an apartment dweller, look to your patio and balcony to provide the perfect place to start your indoor container vegetable garden. Herbs can be grown indoors easily as well. An added benefit to indoor container vegetable gardening is you can do this all year round!\nSo you are ready to start a backyard garden? It's an exciting prospect; fresh, organic vegetables to feed your family from your own backyard! A backyard garden can be a great way to grow your own healthy vegetables and save money in the process. Having a successful and bountiful backyard garden does require some planning before you get started. Where will you put your garden? Raised beds or no? What are the soil requirements? How about keeping out local wildlife and insects? How should you set up your backyard garden? These are a few questions that we will answer today.\nThere are lots of reasons why people grow their own vegetable garden. Some people grow a garden to keep themselves busy and relieve some stress. Others just want to make sure that what they eat is healthy and feed their families with fresh nutritious vegetables.\nHydroponic vegetable gardening is becoming not just the obvious choice for growers but also working out as a hobby for people who have interest in gardening. Hydroponic vegetable garden helps you grow your choice of fruit, flowers and vegetables. Hydroponics simply means growing plants with the aid of mineral nutrients solutions and not the soil.\nIn a world where so many people spend their leisure time indoors, gardening gives you an excuse to get outside and get some vigorous exercise. If you've been thinking about setting up an organic vegetable garden, or if you've already started one, the tips in this article will be helpful.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Parsley, Organic (Flat Leaf)\nBotanical Interest Brand\nBiennial Full Sun to Part Shade\nPreferred by cooks for its robust flavor, flat-leaved parsley adds a fresh, tantalizing note to omelets, stews, vegetables, and even soft cheeses and rice. The flat leaves are easy to chop. Parsley is one of the most used culinary herbs around the globe; it is also considered to aid digestion. Grow indoors for fresh parsley year-round. This packet sows up to 154 ft.\nWhen to sow outside: Recommended;\n4 - 6 weeks before your average last frost date, or as soon as the soil can be worked; when soil temperature is 50*F - 85*F.\nWhen to sow inside:\n6 - 8 weeks before your average last frost date.\nSpecial germination instructions:\nSoak Seeds in water for 12 - 24 hours before sowing to aid germination. Seeds germinate in the dark.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the face of climate change, environmental degradation, and rising demand for animal-source foods, a lot of farmers try to find solutions from nature to meet the demand while minimizing the negative impact of livestock farming on the environment.\nMedically Tailored Meals Need to Be Part of Healthcare\nCommunity Servings delivers medically tailored meals to critically-ill patients with limited resources living in 21 communities in Massachusetts, while trying to address different social and food-related issues in the communities.\nChef’s Smart Recipes for Customers, Farmers and the Planet\nIndian Chef Anahita Dhondy cooks with millets, providing people with an opportunity to discover how beneficial smart foods are for their health, farmers, and the planet.\nRevitalizing rural economies in South Korea\nAccording to Kyoungsoo Lim, we should devise new ways of selling produce and make more side jobs available for a more liveable rural community in South Korea.\nIndian Celebrity Chef Cooks Up Traditional Grains and Fair Prices for Farmers\nRanveer Brar is an Indian celebrity chef who informs consumers about traditional cooking, while also empowering farmers through his work with International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT).\nMaking Food More Equitable in Dayton\nDayton, Ohio is one of the hungriest American cities. Lela Klein of Gem City Market tells Food Tank about how to turn Dayton’s food deserts into areas where all members have access to fresh and nutritious food.\nMillet and Sorghum are Climate-Smart Grains for Farmers in Chad\nClimate-resilient grains like pearl millet and sorghum can help subsistence farmers in Chad enjoy increased crop yields and better self-resilience.\n2018 Food Tank San Diego Summit: Science–Ag–Tech Connect\nAt the 2018 San Diego Food Tank Summit, Michelle Lerach, Josh Henretig, Ryland Engelhart, and more talk about the possibilities of science, agriculture, and technology for the future of sustainability.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In an East Texas study on sandy, low-fertility soils, bermudagrass pastures which have not received nitrogen fertilizer since the fall of 1984 are still producing.\nAlthough some changes have taken place in the ecotypes of bermudagrass prevalent, the combination of the right stocking rate with nutrient recycling by the cattle via urine and feces distributed back onto the pastures produced an affordable and potentially profitable pasture management situation, says Monte Rouquette, research forage physiologist for Texas A&M AgriLife at Overton.\nRouquette adds another factor in the success of the program was overseeding of clovers in the fall onto some of the pastures.\nNote that these pasture management tests were run under conditions of variable but continuous stocking through the warm season, with a break in the winter. Specifically, the pastures were continuously stocked during active forage growth seasons of February through September, using put-and-take stocking to achieve high, medium, or low stocking rates. Pastures were vacant and not grazed from October until mid-February each year, which corresponded to time of establishment and growth of cool-season annual forages, Roguette explains.\nBermudagrass is an important pasture resource in East Texas and the South. Yet improved bermudagrass varieties are commonly thought to have an Achilles' heel: to support their higher production, it is believed they need substantial amounts of nitrogen fertilizer applied yearly.\nThe study actually began in 1968 on pasture-research areas at Overton, and has been conducted by Rouquette since 1971. Originally, the study was designed to evaluate various forage varieties for production and persistence using cow/calf pairs at different stocking rates.\nBy 1984, rising fossil fuel costs and higher nitrogen fertilizer costs was becoming a game-changer for beef producers. Rouquette says he responded by redirecting the grazing study to evaluate the persistence of both common and Coastal bermudagrass under two different fertility-management strategies:\n1. Over-seeding with ryegrass and using commercial nitrogen fertilizer\n2. Over-seeding with clover without applying nitrogen\n\"I thought that would be a good time to initiate a nutrient cycling experiment wherein pastures could be treated with nitrogen fertilization and over-seeded with ryegrass versus no nitrogen and over-seeded with clovers for nitrogen fixation,\" Rouquette says.\nRouquette added that in 1984 all the test pastures had adequate levels of potassium and phosphorus. As the study proceeded, all test pastures received potassium and phosphorus fertilizer yearly in the form of 0-60-60. Lime was applied as needed.\nFrom 2002 through 2008, the price of nitrogen fertilizer increased drastically again, he adds.\nMore bermudagrass outcomes listed >>\nMore outcomes listed\nOnce the experiment was set in motion, there were very few immediate plant responses, Rouquette says. However, by documenting soil status, forage stands and animal performance in the ecosystem over time, Rouquette found three significant trends:\n• Bermudagrass stand composition and longevity are impacted more by stocking rate than lack of commercial nitrogen fertilizer.\n• Phosphorous fertilizer levels can be largely replenished by animal excreta.\n• Despite what is commonly thought, improved Bermudagrass stands can be maintained indefinitely under grazing at \"low\" stocking rates without adding commercial nitrogen fertilizer, instead relying on nutrient recycling from animal urine and dung.\nUntil 1974, both types of bermudagrass were evaluated for production and quality as pure stands under different stocking rates.\nThe average stocking rates on Coastal bermudagrass were:\nLow - 1 cow/calf pair per acre\nMedium - 1.7 cow/calf pairs per acre\n|High - 3 cow/calf pairs per acre.\nOn the common Bermudagrass paddocks, the average stocking rates were:\nLow - 0.8 cow/calf pairs per acre\nMedium - 1.4 cow/calf pairs per acre\nHigh - 2.0 cow/calf pairs per acre.\nAlso for reference, until 1984 common and Coastal bermudagrass pastures received about 200 pounds of nitrogen fertilizer, and 100 pounds each of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per acre, per year. The nitrogen was split and applied over the growing season, while the potassium and phosphorus were applied in the fall in a single application.\nFrom 1974 to 1983, Rouquette kept the same fertilization rates, but paddocks of both bermudagrass types were overseeded with mixtures of clover and Gulf annual ryegrass in October.\nIn subsequent years, the type of clover was varied among Yuchi, Arrowleaf, Tibee crimson and subterranean clover. Grazing of bermudagrass was halted in early October to allow the cool-season over-seeded clovers to become established.\nNew thinking on pasture management >>\n\"When you look solely at Coastal Bermudagrass forage production, then added nitrogen and ryegrass is the clear winner,\" Rouquette says. \"But when you're looking for sustainability, then reduced input, mainly no-nitrogen plus clover is the way to go.\"\nThese results run counter to the common perception of bermudagrass pasture management, Rouquette says. It's commonly thought that without nitrogen fertilization, an improved Bermudagrass stand will be taken over by such low quality grasses as Bahia grass.\n\"But that's true only if the stand is over-grazed as well,\" he says. \"Under our 'low' stocking rates, which was about one cow/calf pair per acre, this didn't happen.\"\nHe adds that one cow/calf pair per acre is actually a considerably higher stocking rate than used by many commercial livestock producers. Instead, with no nitrogen fertilizer, the originally planted Bermudagrass stands were reduced over time by the invasion of other ecotypes of Bermudagrass, Rouquette says.\n\"The invading ecotypes were more similar to common Bermudagrass,\" he says. \"They were still productive — they just were just not as productive as Coastal.\"\nThis lower productivity was largely offset by lower production inputs with high nitrogen fertilizer costs, he says.\nRouquette thinks there are two or three important lessons here:\nAt high stocking rates, without nitrogen, there was a major invasion of other ecotypes and Bahia grass.\nAt low stocking rates, about 75% of the original Coastal bermudagrass stand remained, even without nitrogen fertilizer applications, although the over-seeded legumes did supply some nitrogen.\n\"It's commonly thought that without nitrogen fertilizer, bermudagrass fields will turn to sand and brush,\" he says. \"But that's only true if animal grazing is ceased too. With animal grazing, nutrient recycling of animal excreta will maintain the stand – possibly forever.\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the contemporary landscape, agriculture is undergoing a profound transformation, evolving into a high-tech industry that leverages cutting-edge technologies to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and productivity. This article delves into the technological evolution of agriculture, examines the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern farming practices and agribusiness, and explores the far-reaching impacts on sustainable farming, crop management, and food production.\nTracing the Technological Evolution of Agriculture\n1. Mechanization and Precision Farming:\nThe journey of technological innovation in agriculture began with the advent of mechanization, replacing manual labor with machinery. Tractors, plows, and harvesters revolutionized the farming landscape, significantly increasing productivity. The evolution continued with the introduction of precision farming, where technology such as GPS-guided tractors and drones allowed farmers to optimize resource use, minimize waste, and improve overall efficiency.\n2. Internet of Things (IoT):\nThe integration of IoT devices has further propelled agriculture into the digital age. Sensors, drones, and connected devices provide real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health. Farmers can make informed decisions based on this data, optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and pest control processes.\n3. Big Data and Analytics:\nThe accumulation of vast amounts of agricultural data has given rise to big data analytics. Farmers now have the ability to analyze historical trends, predict crop yields, and optimize planting schedules. This data-driven approach empowers farmers to make strategic decisions that maximize both productivity and resource efficiency.\nAI Applications in Modern Farming Practices and Agribusiness\n1. Precision Agriculture:\nAI plays a pivotal role in precision agriculture, enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of farming practices. Machine learning algorithms analyze data from various sources, including satellite imagery and IoT devices, to provide insights into crop health, soil conditions, and weather patterns. This information enables farmers to implement precise interventions, minimizing input usage and environmental impact.\n2. Autonomous Farming Equipment:\nThe development of autonomous farming equipment, guided by AI and machine learning algorithms, is revolutionizing the way crops are cultivated. Tractors, harvesters, and drones equipped with AI can operate independently, optimizing tasks such as planting, harvesting, and monitoring without human intervention. This not only increases efficiency but also addresses labor shortages in the agriculture industry.\n3. Crop Monitoring and Disease Detection:\nAI-powered image recognition and computer vision technologies are transforming crop monitoring and disease detection. Drones equipped with cameras can capture high-resolution images of fields, and AI algorithms can analyze these images to identify early signs of crop diseases, nutrient deficiencies, or pest infestations. This early detection allows for targeted and timely interventions, preventing widespread crop losses.\nImpacts on Sustainable Farming, Crop Management, and Food Production\n1. Sustainable Practices:\nAI technologies contribute to the advancement of sustainable farming practices by optimizing resource use and minimizing environmental impact. Precision agriculture, with its data-driven approach, ensures that farmers use water, fertilizers, and pesticides efficiently, reducing waste and runoff. This not only benefits the environment but also improves the economic sustainability of farming operations.\n2. Crop Management and Yield Optimization:\nThe application of AI in crop management leads to more efficient and optimized yields. Machine learning algorithms can analyze historical data, weather patterns, and soil conditions to predict optimal planting times, crop varieties, and harvest schedules. This level of precision allows farmers to maximize their yields while minimizing inputs, contributing to global food security.\n3. Enhanced Food Production:\nThe integration of AI in agriculture has a direct impact on food production. By optimizing farming practices, minimizing crop losses, and improving overall efficiency, AI contributes to a more reliable and abundant food supply. This is particularly crucial as the global population continues to grow, placing increased demands on the agriculture industry to produce more food sustainably.\nIn conclusion, the technological evolution of agriculture, coupled with the integration of AI, is shaping a future where farming is not only more efficient and productive but also environmentally sustainable. The marriage of innovation and agriculture not only ensures food security for a growing global population but also promotes responsible stewardship of our planet’s resources. As we continue to harvest innovation, the agricultural landscape is poised for a technological era that promises stability and sustainability.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Global Potato Harvesters Market Size, Share, Growth and Forecast to 2022\nPosted by johnson on March 21st, 2017\nAccording to a new market report published by Credence Research Inc “Potato Harvester Market - Growth, Share, Opportunities, Competitive Analysis, and Forecast 2015 - 2022,” the growing production and demand for potatoes across the world.\nThe global market for potato harvesters is expected to witness a significant growth through the forecast period with rising demand for organic food across the world. This has increased the production of potatoes globally. Farmers are looking for advanced solutions in order to improve farm productivity and profit margins. This has increased the demand for potato harvesters in the last few years. This trend is expected to continue with improving farm income and further rising demand for organic food products. In addition, increasing mechanization of farm activities in Asia Pacific and African countries is also expected to spur the demand for potato harvesters from these regions.\nTruck mounted potato harvester is the largest product category in term of both revenue and unit shipments in 2014. This segment is expected to witness significant demand from with rising mechanization farm activities in Asia Pacific, Latin America and Africa. Self-propelled potato harvester segment is predicted to be the fastest growing product category through the forecast period 2016 - 2022. Large size farmers are investing in advanced technologies in order to improve net yield and harvesting capacity of their farms. This is influencing the demand for self-propelled potato harvesters.\nRequest Free Sample : http://www.credenceresearch.com/sample-request/57938\nNorth America is largest regional market in terms of revenue for potato harvesters. However, Asia Pacific is the largest regional market in terms of volume. Asia Pacific is also expected to witness the fastest growth with increasing mechanization of farm activities particularly in India and China. India and China has huge potential for potato harvesters as majority of farmers are still using traditional methods for harvesting potatoes. However, rising awareness about benefits of these technologies and rising income level farmers are investing in advanced technologies to improve productivity of their farms.\nThe global potato harvesters market comprises limited number of manufacturers and industry is dominated by recognized players from North America and Europe. Some major players in the global market are Spudnik Equipment Company LLC, Lockwood, Double L, The Grimme group and Advanced Farm Equipment, LLC (LENCO).\nCredence Research is a worldwide industry research and counseling firm that serves driving organizations, governments, non-legislative associations, and not-for-benefits. We offer our customers some assistance with making enduring enhancements to their execution and understand their most imperative objectives. Over almost a century, we’ve manufactured a firm extraordinarily prepared to this task.\nWho we are\nCredence Research is a worldwide firm, containing more than 15 research consultants and almost 100 research and information professionals.\nOur customers mirror our worldwide nature. Around 45% are in Europe, 30% in the Americas, 13% in Asia Pacific and 12% in the Middle East and Africa.\nOur firm is intended to work as one. We are a solitary global research organization united by a solid arrangement of qualities, concentrated on customer effect.\nName: Chris Smith (Global Sales Manager)\nAddress: 105 N 1st ST #429, SAN JOSE,\nLike it? Share it!\nAbout the Authorjohnson\nJoined: February 23rd, 2017\nArticles Posted: 806\nMore by this author", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Even though the summer is now drawing to a close here in Knoxville, your flower beds can still “wow”.\nDon’t let your flowers take the season off! Offer your landscaping a refresher this fall to ensure beautiful, healthy plants all year round. Here are a few tips to get you started:\nAfter a long season of healthy growth and abundant rain, all kinds of perennial landscaping could use some pruning to keep them healthy, and at the perfect size for your home’s aesthetic.\nPruning helps keep plants healthy and looking their best! Make sure to get rid of any dead or diseased leaves so they don’t spread to other plants nearby. Also, prune back any branches that are touching other plants so they don’t get infected with disease too.\nPruning plants in the fall also helps keep them healthy and strong throughout the winter months. Make sure you don’t cut off any flowers or berries though because those are needed for next year’s growth!\nNot only does mulch dramatically increase curb appeal any time of year, but mulch is also great for keeping plants warm during the winter months. It also keeps moisture in the soil so your plants won’t dry out as easily. Just make sure that it doesn’t get too wet or moldy because this will cause more harm than good!\nIf you want to make any additions to your flower beds and landscaping for next year, now is the perfect time to start considering what bulbs to purchase, where to put them, and how your landscaping will look next season.\nPlant bulbs in the fall so they have plenty of time to grow before spring comes around! These include things like tulips, daffodils, and hyacinths which make for beautiful flowers when they bloom in the warmer spring weather!\nJust make sure you choose ones that will be able to survive our cold winters here in Knox County and surrounding areas!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Tractor Rotavator is tractor-driven agricultural equipment that is used in farms to break and mix the soil planting seeds. A Rotavator aids in removing the past crop residues from the field and preparing the soil for the next crop.\nTypes of Rotavators\nRotavators are generally divided into three types: light, standard, and heavy-duty based on the weight, design, and material used to manufacture the Rotavator.\n- Light duty Rotavator\nThe light-duty Rotavators are used in preparing the soil of small gardens, garden boundaries, small vegetable gardens or allotments.·\n- Medium duty Rotavator\nMedium duty Rotavator are used in allotments, nurseries, greenhouses, vineyards and gardens to loosen the soil, weed control and encourage water absorption around plants. It can loosen and aerate the soil up to 6 inches deep and can work closely with crops and plants without damaging them.\n- Heavy-duty Rotavator\nHeavy-duty Rotavators are used to work in large areas cultivating farms. It can loosen and aerate the soil up to seven inches deep and ensure leveled and finished seedbed with high performance in all working conditions.\nDifferent models of the Rotavators perform different functions. Types of Rotavators based on the functions they perform.\n- Rotavators for chopping and mixing\n- Rotavators for tilling and planting operations\n- Rotavators for incorporation of fertilizers and other chemicals\n- Rotavators for crop cultivation\n- Rotavators for weed control\nWith the advancement in the manufacturing process, single Rotavators are now also being manufactured to perform different functions at the same time.\nUses of Tractor Rotavator\n- Rotavator is used to prepare the seedbed with one or two passes. It performs different soil functions like mixing, pulverization, and leveling at the same time.\n- Pulverization is the process of separating and breaking large soil particles into pieces that are smaller than the original size.\n- Leveling is a process of preparing the farmland so that there are no high or low soil spots to disturb the uniform distribution of water on the field. It is mainly used in surface irrigation such as basin and furrow irrigation. It removes and mixes the residual of maize, wheat, and sugarcane, etc thus revamping the soil health along with saving time, fuel, cost, and energy.\n- Rotavator breaks up the hardpan layers of soil and levels them for sowing. It can work on different soil types without any wear and tear.\n- It loosens up the soil and aerates it up to 7 inches deep.\n- Increase the quality of work, minimize fuel consumption and reduce the cost of a farm operation.\n- Used in primary and secondary tillage\n- Rotator mixes the soil and adds the maximum amount of nutrients to the soil which in turn increase the crop yield and profits\n- It boosts the soil porosity and aeration and can be used in any type of soil.\n- Forms are an integral part of farming and are used for multifarious purposes such as shallow cultivation and weed control.\n- Reduce the land preparation time and effort by 30-35%\n- They make the whole process of preparing the soil manageable and smooth.\n- Rotavator is an easy to use power operated implement that helps in retaining the soil moisture and reducing the labor\nHence the Rotavator is an essential commodity in today’s time.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I have been working on this math problem for days and can't seem to figure it out. My math book does not have any examples like this at all. I cannot figure out how to find a quadratic function for this information (I can only seem to find a linear equation). I typed the exact question below and if anyone can help or give any advice at all that would be great! Thanks.\nYou are given the task of estimating the number of trees that will maximize the fruit production per acre of a local orchard. By researching other local orchards you discover that at 400 trees per acre each tree will produce an average of 30 pounds of fruit. For each tree that is added to the acre, the average production per tree goes down 0.05 pounds.\na. Use the given info to build a table of values for this situation. Let t be the number of trees above 400 planted on an acre and find the total amount of fruit each acre will produce.\nb. Find a function for the total production per acre when t trees over 400 are planted on one acre.\nThat is exactly the formula that I came up with, but here is the thing\n1) This question (in my book) is in a \"Quadratic Functions\" chapter, so I am assuming that my function and graph need to be a parabola\n2) If it asks me to find the number of trees that will maximize the fruit production, wouldn't I need to have a parabola (and not a line) to find that max number?\nThanks for the help!\nOkay now with that equation (400+t)(30-.05t) the number of fruit increases as I add additional numbers of trees....and the original problem says that for each tree that is added to the acre, the average production per tree goes down 0.05 pounds.\nIm very confused as to why this happens.\n2. It makes perfect sense that if you plant more trees per acre, each tree will produce less fruit ...... I would assume that when you plant more trees, there are less resources available to each tree for its growth. The logical result of this would be that each tree produces less fruit. Is that what's worrying you?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Planting grass is not a typical task for the U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville. However, when the grass began getting sparse in a mortar and artillery impact area on a steep hillside at West Point, N.Y., Huntsville Center's Ordnance and Explosives Design Center knew how to helped get new grass planted.\nThere is much more to West Point than just the U.S. Military Academy campus. Cadets there learn to become officers by receiving extensive military training on a large complex of ranges to the south and west of the Academy. Many of the ranges have been used since the Revolutionary War.\nThe impact area on one range, known as Cranberry Mountain, was pocked with craters from mortar and artillery explosions. Rain and melting snow washed away much of the remaining topsoil, leaving nutrient-poor soil too depleted to keep grass healthy.\nSeeking a solution, environmental managers at West Point contacted the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Agronomist Tim Cary at the USACE Cold Regions Research Laboratory in Burlington, Vt. and workers at the Army’s Aberdeen Test Center in Maryland colaborated to create seed balls that could be mechanically distributed across the area. Each seed ball contained three different types of grass seed and potting soil to provide fertilizer. The mix was rolled into a ball about 1.5 inches in diameter and then rolled in xanthan gum to form a hard shell that would soften when it got wet, allowing the seeds to spread and germinate.\nThe concept was simple enough: distribute the seed balls on the hillside, except people are not permitted in the area without special escort due to the risk of detonating unexploded ordnance. A rotary agricultural spreader would do the job, but any tractor used would have to be heavily armored to protect the driver. That challenge was solved by project manager Spencer O’Neal of Huntsville Center’s Ordnance and Explosives Design Center. Contractor Dawson-Zapata and subcontractor Robotics Fabrication had radio-controlled equipment that was already being used on ranges at other Army installations.\nThe first seeding attempt last year was postponed by Hurricane Sandy, then rescheduled for March. Melting snow made the hillside slick, even for a dozer using caterpillar treads. A narrow path was cut across the hillside, then up the slope. Workers faced a challenge when the dozer blade was removed: the dozer blade used a two-point mounting system, but the spreader was configured for a three-point mount on the back of a farm tractor. Field modifications using angle iron, nuts and bolts solved the problem. The hopper was loaded with seed balls and the dozer was sent remotely into the work area. A mere 15 minutes of the next two hours were required to distribute all 35,000 seed balls: the rest of the time was spent negotiating the slick path for reloading.\nOne of the seeds, a type of oat, was expected to germinate in about a week with the tall fescue and perennial rye a week later. Plans call for return visits in May and September to check results.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic garlic chive seeds grow grass-like flat leaves and sweet-scented white flowers. This leaf vegetable is a member of the Alliaceae family that grows 20 inches (50 cm) in height. Chinese chives have a pleasantly mild onion and garlic flavor. Chinese chive grow fast and are a common plant in kitchen gardens. The biodegradable Seed Pods contain non-GMO, certified organic seeds inside a mineral growth medium.\nLeaves, flowers, flowering buds and roots of chive are all edible. This food plant has varied uses as a vegetable and as an aromatic herb for garnish. Chopped leaves and flower buds are delicious in salads, soft cheese, and stir-fried dishes. Green or blanched leaves are used for garnishing and flavoring soups, seafood, meat, mayonnaise, omelets, and rice. Add chives at the end of cooking in order to preserve their flavor.\nGarlic chives are an ancient crop, native to China’s province of Shanxi. This leafy vegetable has been cultivated in China for over 2,000 years, and is a traditionally important ingredient in Asian cooking. Its flavor is very pronounced. As a member of Allium genus, chives are related to garlic and onion. The plant is also known as Oriental garlic, and Asian chives.\nThis plant has a low energy value with moderate amounts of vitamins and minerals. The leaves contain small amounts of vitamin A, B1 and C. Garlic chive are also used in traditional Chinese medicine and are thought to be a remedy for fatigue. This leafy vegetable improves kidney function and bladder weakness. The leaves and the bulbs can be applied to insect bites, cuts and wounds.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thanks to Bees\nFurther loss of these beneficial insects would really sting.\nThe next time you bake an apple pie or munch a handful of almonds, be sure to thank a honeybee.\nWhy? Bees don’t just produce delicious honey. Their most important job is pollinating crops like apples, onions, cranberries and other foods. Scientists say these insects, along with birds, butterflies and mammals, pollinate two-thirds of our food crops and up to 90% of wild plants. Bees alone help provide every third bite of food we eat.\nFor such small creatures, honeybees also pack an economic punch. By helping increase yields, it’s estimated they contribute $15 billion a year to U.S. agriculture.\nBad News About Bees\nSadly, our bees are in trouble. “The overall situation with honeybees is fairly poor,” says Eric Mäder, who serves as assistant pollinator program director for the non-profit Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, in Portland, Oregon.\nMäder says that most of our non-native honeybees came into the U.S. from Europe and, in recent years, they’ve been dying from diseases and parasites introduced from around the world, including a syndrome known as Colony Collapse Disorder. Loss of habit and the stresses of moving hives around for pollination are also taking a toll.\nEven native American bees, which also play a vital role in commercial agriculture, are suffering. “We don’t have a lot of wild, feral bees left anymore, except the Africanized honeybees, which escaped from a breeding project and are now wild in the South,” Mäder says of the variety that are referred to as “killer bees,” often mistakenly. “Wild bees are a little more resistant to disease and parasites. But we’re losing species at an alarming rate.”\nMäder hopes we’ll also focus on conserving these bees, which benefit us humans by doing such things as buffering our food supply during the current honeybee shortage. “There were about 4,000 species of native wild bees in North America before the honeybee was introduced. They’re better adapted to our conditions. Our native wild bees, like sweat bees, bumbles and the metallic blue mason bees common in early spring, contribute $3 billion a year to the U.S. economy.”\nStill, honeybees get the spotlight these days.\n“Honeybees have the benefit of a great beekeeping community and scientific research, but natives aren’t necessarily getting the same attention. We’ve probably already lost a quarter of our native bumblebee species in the last 10 to 15 years.”\nHelping Bees Can Help Farmers\nThe good news, says Mäder, is that farmers have the potential to provide the “biggest and best solutions to bee declines in this country. They have a huge opportunity to address the situation in ways nobody else can.”\nHow? Farmers can grow pollen and nectar sources on the land outside their crop fields. “Apples, sunflowers and alfalfa may all come into bloom at once, creating a big feast for bees, but bees need food throughout the season,” Mäder says.\nThe USDA National Resources Conservation Service, or NRCS, is helping, by offering incentives to famers who plant wildflowers and flowering hedgerows that prolong the bloom period.\n“Farmers don’t have to take land out of production to do this,” Mäder explains. “The NRCS can help them establish wildflowers in buffer systems, ditches or embankments. It’s commonly called ‘conservation cover’ for highly erodible land that you’re not farming anyway, so it’s been left fallow.”\n“There are two NRCS programs, ‘EQIP’, or Environmental Quality Incentives Program, and ‘WHIP’, or Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program. Both began with the 2008 Farm Bill, and both are super-easy, low-threshold programs that just about any farmer can get into.”\nWhile the NRCS won’t give you seeds or shrubs, it does offer technical advice on what to plant in your area and how to care for those plants. If you have a problem with soil erosion, for example, the program might identify ways to reduce your erosion by adding pollinator habitat. Farmers who create these new habitats may find themselves hosting other desirable wildlife, too, like songbirds or quail.\n“Habitat need is crucial,” Mäder says. “It’s the number one factor behind pollinator decline.”\nFor more information on EQIP and WHIP, visit the National Resources Conservation Service.\nFinancial assistance is also available, although it varies by income and region. Check with your local USDA service center, or visit the USDA Service Center Agencies online to see if you qualify.\nShow Full Article", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Many people would agree that one of the most rewarding endeavors is growing their own garden. There is nothing like the feeling of planting something, watching it grow, and then getting to enjoy the fruit of your labor. This article will share some useful gardening tips to help make your garden grow.\nA great gardening tip is to water your garden at night time. This ensures that the heat of the sun does not cause the water to evaporate, allowing for maximum absorption. This will help your plants get the appropriate amount of water they need in order to grow.\nControlling pests is essential to a high yield garden. There are a variety of products available on the market that will kill any invasive pest in the garden. Many organic pest controls have been perfected over the years that work very well, although they can be more expensive than chemical alternatives. With a quick internet search one can find many safe home remedies for pest control too.\nDon’t assume that insects are to blame for all plants ailments. There are many things that can affect the health of a plant. The PH of the water you are using, the location of the plant (under shade vs direct sun), the amount of soil in the pot and several other reasons can be a determining factor.\nPlant your garden in stages. Put in a new vegetable every week, or plant vegetables with different maturation speeds when you do your planting. This helps prevent you from having a large harvest all at once, and will better allow you to enjoy the fruits (and vegetables!) of your labors.\nIf a test indicates that your soil is very alkaline, you can mix the dirt with used coffee grounds. Coffee grounds contain plenty of acid to get the soil back to a good balance. With it, you will find that your greens and vegetables will be more vibrant and tasty!\nUse your leftover pasta water in your garden! Plants are big starch fans and thrive with water that contains higher levels of starch, like the water left over after you boil pasta or potatoes. Make sure, though, that you let the water sit until it reaches room temperature prior to watering your plants with it!\nTreat yourself while you garden with a little petroleum jelly. Before donning your gardening gloves, apply a bit of petroleum jelly or your favorite moisturizing cream to your hands. The gloves protect from the dirt, while your hand movement works the cream into your skin. You will finish your gardening with silky soft hands!\nWhen you are pruning a tree, make sure that your tools are sharp. Cutting with a dull tool can tear the bark off the tree, causing unnecessary damage to the tree. Not only that, cutting with a dull tool causes you to spend extra energy in cutting. A sharp tool will give you a cleaner cut with the least amount of effort.\nAlthough it is a most enjoyable pursuit, gardening is not always easy. There are a lot of factors involved in making a garden that is lovely and produces well. By following the pointers shared in this article, you will be well on your way to enjoying a beautiful garden that will bring you hours of enjoyment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mesotrione is a generic version of Tenacity. This means they are both effective. However, the two herbicides are very different.\nMesotrione is a post-emergent herbicide, while Tenacity is a pre-emergent herbicide. Mesotrione is affected by high temperatures, which makes it ideal during cold weather.\nTenacity and Mesotrione also affect various plants differently. This post will give a comparison between the two herbicides. By the end of the post, you will know which herbicide to use on your lawn and how.\nA Brief Comparison Table\n|Mode of Action\n|Nonselective and very effective.\n|Strong enough to kill the mature weed.\n|Used on which plants\n|Nutsedge, crabgrass, bent grass, dandelions, ground ivy, and many others.\n|Clover, chickweed, crabgrass, foxtail, nutsedge, dandelion, and henbit.\n|Deemed safe Agency of protection\n|Faces some restrictions in different states. They are restricted from home lawns.\n|Ideal Time to use\n|Ideal during fall or spring\n|It dries up faster, making it ideal during all seasons.\n|Best applied directly to the soil\n|Sprayed on grown grass\n|A bit more costly than Mesotrione\n|Cheaper than Tenacity\nDifferences Between Tenacity And Mesotrione\n- Mode of Action\nTenacity is a pre-emergent herbicide.\nA pre-emergent herbicide is used before the plants germinate.\nThe herbicide inhibits the enzyme that causes photosynthesis, stopping the weed from growing.\nOnce the weed is repressed, new healthy grass grows.\nMesotrione is a post emergent herbicide.\nThis herbicide will kill the selected plants and let the others survive.\nAlthough the two herbicides contain the same active ingredients, they do not have the same efficiency. Tenacity is extreme. This is why it is sprayed before the plants start to grow.\nThe herbicide kills weeds within three weeks, and the dead weed starts to compose naturally.\nStubborn weed requires more than one treatment when using Tenacity herbicide.\nMesotrione is still as effective as Tenacity. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using this herbicide to ensure you achieve what it promises.\n- Used On Which Plants\nIf you use a herbicide on your grass, it would be a huge mistake to use any herbicide other than Tenacity. This herbicide kills other weeds, including nutsedge, crabgrass, bent grass, dandelions, ground ivy, and many others.\nThe Mesotrione herbicide can be used on several different types of plants. It is best to avoid the vegetable garden when using this product, as it can ruin some of your favorite vegetables.\nIf spraying near the fruit trees, ensure that you refrain from spraying after it has started to bloom.\nMesotrione is ideal for killing weeds such as clover, chickweed, crabgrass, foxtail, nutsedge, dandelion, and henbit.\nTenacity has been deemed reduced risk herbicide by the National Agency for protection. It also does not contain cancer-causing chemicals.\nThis is why you can use this herbicide on your home lawn. After the herbicide has dried after two hours, pets and children can play on the property. You should avoid inhaling the herbicide or letting it close to your eyes.\nMesotrione faces restrictions in Hawaii, New Mexico, Alaska, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, and Washington. Do not apply this herbicide to transgenic crops since it can harm these plants.\nThe chemical also has limitations on how it can be used and is unsuitable for lawns, beds, or pastures.\n- The Ideal Time To Use\nTenacity dries up faster after touching the plants.\nThe dilutant mixed with the herbicide makes it stick to the plants for effectiveness.\nHowever, it is best used on the lawn during fall or spring when the temperatures are not too high and it is not raining.\nRain and the sun will not affect the herbicide 2 hours after application.\nVery high temperatures evaporate mesotrione herbicide, while rain can wash away the herbicide before it works.\nTo ensure the herbicide works efficiently, spray early in the morning or late in the afternoon.\nThe most common way you’ll see Tenacity Herbicide used is in the soil to help reduce and deter weed regrowth. Tenacity Herbicide can be applied directly to the soil or mixed with water and injected into the ground.\nTo apply Tenacity Herbicide to the soil, ensure the target area is weed free and watered in. Then mix the product with water to create a slurry and apply it to the ground surface.\nIf you’re using Tenacity Herbicide as a pre-emergent herbicide, it’s called an A-B pre-emergent mix. You apply by either sprinkler or hand spreader systems.\nA pre-emergent mixture is applied with a hand-spreader or a nozzle. It would be best to use the correct dilution, so read the kit’s instructions carefully.\nYou will use a dilutant for mesotrione herbicide. Often you need to add one part diluent to ten parts mesotrione to make it work most efficiently.\nRead the manual for your mesotrione herbicide before application, then follow all directions carefully! Watch this video to understand why mesotrione is great!\nSince Mesotrione is a generic of Tenacity, it is cheaper than Tenacity. They, however, have the same active ingredients.\nFrequently Asked Questions (FAQ)\nMesotrione and Tenacity have the same active ingredients. However, they are not the same. Tenacity is used as a pre-emergent herbicide, while Mesotrione is a post-emergent herbicide.\nIf you are looking for a herbicide for your home lawn, Tenacity lawn is the best herbicide. Tenacity is also safe for pets and children.\nMesotrione is the generic version of Tenacity.\nMesotrione herbicide is an effective herbicide. However, you should avoid using it on your home lawn. This herbicide will kill anything that is not fine-bladed grass.\nIf you are looking for an herbicide for your lawn, the Tenacity and Mesotrione comparison is an excellent start for your search. The post discusses all the main features used to differentiate the two herbicides.\nHowever, if you are looking for a herbicide for your home lawn, Tenacity is the best herbicide. It is deemed safe for use by National Agency for Protection.\nMesotrione herbicide faces restrictions in different states.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "RAR1, a central player in plant immunity, is targeted by Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB\n- Additional Document Info\n- View All\nPathogenic bacterial effectors suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered host immunity, thereby promoting parasitism. In the presence of cognate resistance genes, it is proposed that plants detect the virulence activity of bacterial effectors and trigger a defense response, referred to here as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, the link between effector virulence and ETI at the molecular level is unknown. Here, we show that the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB suppresses PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) through RAR1, a co-chaperone of HSP90 required for ETI. AvrB expressed in plants lacking the cognate resistance gene RPM1 suppresses cell wall defense induced by the flagellar peptide flg22, a well known PAMP, and promotes the growth of nonpathogenic bacteria in a RAR1-dependent manner. rar1 mutants display enhanced cell wall defense in response to flg22, indicating that RAR1 negatively regulates PTI. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that RAR1 and AvrB interact in the plant. The results demonstrate that RAR1 molecularly links PTI, effector virulence, and ETI. The study supports that both pathogen virulence and plant disease resistance have evolved around PTI.\nauthor list (cited authors)\nShang, Y., Li, X., Cui, H., He, P., Thilmony, R., Chintamanani, S., ... Zhou, J.\ncomplete list of authors\nShang, Yulei||Li, Xinyan||Cui, Haitao||He, Ping||Thilmony, Roger||Chintamanani, Satya||Zwiesler-Vollick, Julie||Gopalan, Suresh||Tang, Xiaoyan||Zhou, Jian-Min", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Drone manufacturer DJI is parterning with Kansas State University to use drones in precision agriculture.\nDJI’s drone technology is expected to provide more sustainable farming practices while increasing yields through projects including crop-stress monitoring, aerial imaging and precision spraying.\n“Our partnership with Kansas State University is helping educators, students and researchers develop more sustainable practices that increase yields in agriculture,” said Romeo Durscher, DJI director of education. “We’re proud to part of the solution by improving agriculture for the future.”\nKansas State University assistant professor Ray Asebedo said that the goal is to double production in order to feed a population that is expected to grow to 9 billion people by 2050.\nThe agricultural drone market has the potential to generate an additional 100,000 jobs in the U.S. and $82 billion in economic activity between 2015 and 2025, according to a 2015 Bank of America Merrill Lynch Global Research report.\n“People in the U.S. and EU no longer want to work on farms due to factors such as low farm incomes, its lack of reliability and seasonal nature, and its demanding and risky nature,” the report states. “Today, less than 1% of the U.S. population claims farming as an occupation – with the average number of U.S. farmworkers having declined from 3.4 million last century to 1 million today.”\nThis is not DJI’s first foray into agriculture. In December 2015, DJI announced a collaboration with Flir Systems Inc., an Oregon-based sensor manufacturer that focuses on thermal imaging. Farmers use thermal imaging as they fly over fields to indicate dry spots, over-watering, crop height or pesticide use. DJI also launched a crop spraying drone in November 2015.\n“In our operation, the use of drones has helped us tremendously,” said farmer Ron Ohlde of Ohlde Seed Farms. “We used to have to walk our fields. Now drone technology gives us data back virtually immediately.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Why Royal Innovation Always Be Thankful To Boris Wolfman?\nIt is clear by the first glance that popularity of Boris Wolfman is mushrooming significantly in the market only because his innovations. A company called Royal Innovations that is already run by the Boris Wolfman, so we can say that he is working really well. Basically, the process of supply chain management is understand by the Boris Wolfman that is really impressive, so get ready to take its advantages, that would be best for you. A sharp productivity that you only get in the Royal innovation company that is only possible with the Boris. You will definitely like its great aspects related to the Royal Innovations.\nTechnology that helps the farmers!\nFor the farmers it is really complicated to cope-up with the climatic changes that always affecting them worldwide, so thanks to the technology of the Boris. Basically, it is really helpful for the farmers to mimic the natural conditions that are really conducive for the fruit. In addition to this, farmers can now easily grow according to their need and the technology gives them best outcomes, so simply get better outcomes. Regardless that is really impressive for the people so check it out and uses it for the farming.\nCold Chain Processing\nCold chain processing and amazing packing will comes with nutrients that are sealed in and this fruit will start fresh for taking anytime at the end do the cold chain. Nevertheless, you should simply start working on its great outcomes that is really best for you.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Managing director of Maku Free Zone Organization, Gholamreza Soleimani referring to the studies of the Think Tank on the development of the free zone, mentioned the completion of the production chains as a strategy for the development of the free zone, added: If we are to seek regional development, then the production chain should be formed and the completion of this chain is the key to the development of Maku Free Zone.\nSoleimani, referring to the fact that, thanks to the Islamic Republic system and the efforts of the officials in Free Zone Organization, by 2022 no villages will be without drinkable water in Maku Free Zone, said: Creating employment using nomadic capacities such as providing rural employment facilities, ecotourism, and supporting handicrafts is an approach that will soon bear fruit.\nManaging Director of Maku Free Zone Organization said due to the provision of appropriate greenhouse cropping facilities by the government, preliminary studies and agreements have been made for this purpose. Also, 20,000 hectares of land will be used in Karamabad Agricultural Development Projects.\nGholamreza Soleimani continued: exploitation of Karamabad dam and implementation of new irrigation projects along the dam is a major development in the country and its affiliated industries in Maku free zone and consequently, in West Azarbaijan.\nHe added that value added production chains in Maku Free Zone in the fields of logistics, red and white meat, textiles, clothing, carpets and handcrafts, fishery (lobster, shrimp, carp and trout), ferroalloys and metallic silicon, medicinal herbs, minerals, decorative and precious stones, magnesium, petrochemicals, tourism, dairy (traditional and industrial), and honey have been identified and based on the agreement with Ministry of Agriculture, Maku free zone will become the import hub of livestock, red meat and livestock feed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ensemble simulation outcomes for projected annual net primary productivity of rangelands as simulated in and their change in under emissions scenario RCP eight.5, with plant responses enhanced by CO2 fertilisation. Results from RCP four.5 and 8.5, with and with out positive effects of atmospheric CO2 on plant production, differed considerably in magnitude however had related spatial patterns, and so results from RCP 8.5 with increasing manufacturing are portrayed spatially right here and in other figures. Scale bar labels and the stretch applied to colours are primarily based on the spatial imply worth plus or minus two commonplace deviations (Boone et al. 2017)1424. All fashions use a zero.5°C grid, but there are variations in grid cells simulated to symbolize agricultural land. While some fashions simulated all land areas, others simulated only potential appropriate cropland space based on evolving weather conditions. Others utilised historical harvested areas in 2000 according to numerous data sources (Rosenzweig et al. 2014)1422.\nConsidering the advantages of upper temperature in temperate climates and the increase of pasture with incremental warming in some humid and temperate grasslands, as well as potential unfavorable results, may be useful in planning adaptation methods to future climate change. Rivera-Ferre et al. 591 characterize adaptation for different livestock systems as managerial, technical, behavioural and policy-related options. Technological options included breeding strategies and data technology analysis. Behavioural choices are linked to cultural patterns and included encouraging social collaboration and reciprocity, for example, livestock loans, communal planning, food exchanges, and data sharing.\nIndia, the world’s chief in sugarcane manufacturing, grows primarily for domestic use, whereas the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan produce for both domestic consumption and export. Tobacco is grown extensively, notably in China, India, Turkey, Central Asia, Pakistan, and Indonesia. A large number of spices are grown in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia, notably Indonesia. The water from upstream storage reservoirs or diversion dams is carried through canals to subject distributaries. In some methods the fields adjoin each other, and the water is ready to move from one field to the next; it could, however, take some time for the water to move throughout the fields back to the canal system. The disadvantages of this method include water loss by evaporation and seepage and the likelihood that the continuously flowing water will carry with it soil nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides.\nMany others operate at local level and strongly affect livelihoods and markets of smallholder farmers. Hence, differentiation in the roles of the organisations, their missions and outcomes associated to food and climate change motion must be clearly mapped and understood. Sustainable Land Management of farming methods is essential to address climate change while dealing with these daunting food security wants and the necessity to improve entry to nutritious food to maintain wholesome and active lives in Africa . SLM has capabilities past the production of food, similar to supply of water, protection against disease , the supply of energy, fibre and building supplies. In abstract, smallholder farmers are particularly susceptible to local weather change as a result of their livelihoods usually depend totally on agriculture.\nAnthropogenic sources of nitrogen in the marine surroundings could be vital. For example, 7,500 tons of nitrogen had been estimated to be released by the Scottish salmon farming trade in 2010 (Aldridge et al., 2012). If careful consideration is given to the siting of seaweed farms, guaranteeing that carrying capacity of the environments usually are not exceeded, negative environmental effects of localized nitrogen depletion could also be avoided.\nFarming may be classified into two primary types – subsistence farming and business farming. This chapter offers with agriculture, different varieties of agriculture and crops. It additionally makes the students conscious of the developments that have taken place in the field of agriculture. It is a crucial chapter for the exams so let’s leap right into the essential notes of sophistication 8 Geography chapter 4.\nJapan redirected its trade away from the areas that had been integrated into the Japanese Empire earlier than 1945, and in course of the massive and expanding American market. In short, from a home viewpoint, the social capability for importing and adapting foreign know-how was improved with the reforms in education and the fillip to competition given by the dissolution of the zaibatsu. With the drive into heavy industries — chemical compounds, iron and steel, machinery — the demand for expert labor that might flexibly respond xstree sl to rapid changes in method soared. Large corporations in these industries began offering premium wages and guarantees of employment in good occasions and bad as a way of motivating and holding onto valuable employees. Income per head was far greater within the great industrial centers than within the hinterland. Between 1904 and 1911, electrification primarily because of the proliferation of intercity electrical railroads created economies of scale in the nascent industrial belt going through outward onto the Pacific.\nThe growth of models used to find out the ‘carrying capacity’ of coastal areas will allow for the minimization of negative environmental interactions whilst supporting the industry to develop successful cultivation tasks (Seghetta et al., 2016b). It is probably going that many fowl species would benefit from elevated foraging alternatives around kelp farms and research will be required to grasp this interaction and to optimize administration practices with respect to birds. Seaweeds in suspended cultivation take away inorganic vitamins from the marine environment throughout development (Kerrison et al., 2015; Marinho et al., 2015). Positive remedial results will happen when the quantity and proportion of vitamins removed are equal to these added by anthropogenic actions (Seghetta et al., 2016b). Throughout the world, excessive demands on many pure sources necessitates the event of alternate sources to produce necessary commodities similar to meals, feed, fuel, cosmetics, and prescription drugs.\nDirect impacts of climate change in mixed and intensive production systems are linked to increased water and temperature stress on the animals potentially leading to animal morbidity, mortality and misery gross sales. Most livestock species have comfort zones between 10oC–30oC, and at temperatures above this animals reduce their feed consumption 3–5% per additional degree of temperature . In addition to lowering animal production, higher temperatures negatively affect fertility . This chapter builds on the meals system and state of affairs approaches followed by AR5 and its focus on climate change and meals safety, however new work since AR5 has extended past production to how local weather change interacts with the whole meals system. It focuses on land-based food systems, though highlighting in places the contributions of freshwater and marine manufacturing. Using a food system approach, this chapter addresses how climate change affects meals security, together with nutrition, the options for the meals system to adapt and mitigate, synergies and trade-offs among these options, and enabling situations for their adoption.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "While some harvesting is done earlier in spring, July is the month where abundance flourishes in the garden. Picking vegetables at their peak of quality will greatly improve their taste.\nRipening times vary widely among vegetables. Some, e.g. sweet corn and English cucumbers, are highly perishable, while others, e.g. potatoes and winter squash, can be stored for long periods of time if their outer skin has been properly hardened to protect the succulent core from rotting.\nTomatoes can be left on the vine until fully ripened or taken off when partially mature and placed on a window sill to ripen, although they may be less sweet. Peas and beans can easily become tough if not harvested when small and tender.\nRemember that bigger is not always better. Physiological processes affecting texture, fiber and consistency occur in plants and permanently changes their taste, appearance and quality during maturation.\nSeveral practices can be incorporated to maximize the quality of your garden produce:\nn Check your garden each day and pick vegetables as soon as they ripen. Vegetables continue to grow and take up plant energy and before you realize it, they are overgrown.\nYour food will be at its best flavor and tenderness when harvested at the appropriate time and removing these vegetables can often encourage the plant to produce more later in the season.\nn Keep track of your seed varieties, when they were planted and the days to harvest, which are shown on the seed packet.\nMany cultivars are bred for a specific characteristic like size, flavor or disease resistance. Don’t confuse your early squash varieties, which may be ready to eat sooner in the season but do not overwinter well, with your late-season types bred to take longer to mature and store better.\nYour bush beans, pole beans and Scarlet runner beans all mature at different times and your pickling cucumbers will look markedly different from your market cucumbers when ripe.\nSeed packets and catalogs can contain information on signs to look for when a plant is at its prime.\nn Care for plants properly and look for and remove signs of trouble.\nConsistent watering is a crucial factor for all young plants so check often and water deeply. Avoid bruising or damaging vegetables, as this causes decay.\nStepping on vines or breaking stems creates openings through which diseases can enter the plant. Remove yellowing leaves and rotting fruit.\nPick off damaged produce such as tomatoes with blossom end rot or those cracking from too much rain. This leaves more energy for the healthy fruit to mature properly.\nKeep an eye out for bug or slug damage and fix the problem using appropriate horticultural practices to prevent it from spreading around your garden.\nn Harvest correctly. Vegetables are at their freshest in the morning when the weather is cooler, so harvest before the midday sun starts to heat them up.\nMost vegetables should be kept cool and out of direct sunlight immediately after picking and until processed or consumed.\nOnions are an exception because they should be dried in the sun before storing. Many root vegetables such as carrots should be dug rather than pulled straight from the soil so they don’t break off, while peas, beans and tomatoes can be picked from their vines.\nBroccoli, Brussels sprouts and cabbages should be cut off with a knife or pruning tool.\nn Store appropriately. Even after harvest, respiration and other life processes continue, and in most cases a slowing of these processes will increase the shelf life of the vegetable.\nThere are various temperatures and practices that will optimize storage life. This subject will be discussed in more depth in a future article.\nHere are a few quick tips for harvesting vegetables at their peak:\nn Asparagus needs to be snapped off or cut at ground level when stalks are 6 to 10 inches tall. Harvest over a period of six to eight weeks before allowing the plant to go to seed. This allows energy to feed the roots for next year’s crop.\nn Snap beans should be picked just as they are beginning to fill out. They should snap easily when bent in two.\nGreen beans should not be picked when wet to avoid spreading disease. Keep up regular picking to encourage the vine to keep producing. Garden pea pods should be light green and filled with round but tender peas.\nn Check your root crop varieties, i.e. carrots, turnips and parsnips, for estimated days to harvest before digging a sample. Gently loosen the soil and remove one to determine if ready.\nHarvest beets between 1 to 3 inches in diameter for best tenderness. Beet greens also make good additions to salads or when cooked.\nn Cool crops are planted in spring for a fall crop. Broccoli should be harvested before the flowers start to open. Pick every three to four days.\nBrussels sprouts should be bright green and firm and are picked from the lower plant when they are between 1 to 1.5 inches.\nCabbage and lettuce heads should be firm at harvest. Optimum size will depend on your specific variety. Swiss chard is best cut from the outer leaves when 6 to 10 inches.\nKale can be picked throughout the season but is best in cooler weather. Use the cut-and-come-again method.\nn Use scissors to cut leaf lettuce from the outer leaves, letting more grow from the inside. Look for bolt-resistant varieties and plant at two-week intervals. Row covers can protect the plant from bolting as the season heats up.\nn Harvest summer squash when they are 4 to 7 inches long and the skin is soft and rubbery. Check often. Market cucumbers are best when young with smooth, firm fruit.\nn Corn should be picked just before consuming. Feel for full, rounded kernels beneath the husk, check that the silk at the top of the ear is drying out, and look a milky sap that is produced when you pop a kernel with your fingernail.\nn For green onions, harvest when they are about the size of a pencil. Larger onions are ready when their tops start to bend over and yellow. Leeks are harvested when they are between one-half and 1-1/2 inches in diameter. Garlic is ready when one-third of the top has died back.\nn Pick tomatoes when they are fully colored but firm. Peppers will vary with variety and how hot you prefer them. Check your seed packet. Eggplant is best when slightly immature with shiny, firm fruit.\nn New potatoes can be dug when flowers form on the plant. Wait for full growth die-back to harvest mature potatoes for storage, giving them time to form a firm, hardened skin.\nn Once you cannot easily sink your fingernail into the winter squash or pumpkin, the fruit is ripe enough to store. Leave a few inches of stem on the plant. Usually the vines are drying at this point.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growing the perfect Florida tomato\nPublished: Saturday, April 26, 2008 at 6:30 a.m.\nLast Modified: Thursday, April 24, 2008 at 3:26 p.m.\nTomatoes are probably the most widely grown fruit in the home vegetable garden. Yet many people do not understand the basics of tomato growing for fun and bragging rights.\nOne of the many questions we were asked by the members of the Lady Lake Garden Club was the difference between determinate and indeterminate tomato plants and how one learns to understand the growing requirements of each type and variety.\nTo quote from Tomato Growers Supply Company 2008 Catalogue: \"Tomato Terminology: It is helpful to understand some of the basic tomato terminology when using this catalog. Determinate plants have vines that make little or no growth once fruit is set. Harvest time is short as all the fruit develops at about the same time. Indeterminate vines keep producing new shoots and flowers even after fruit is set. Tomatoes in all stages of development may be on the vine at once and harvest is extended.\"\nTomatoes may be grown at home on the patio or along the southern exposure of your home in pots, barrels, buckets, pails or in the soil provided as long as you heed the basic rules for Florida planting.\nThe pot or container should be large enough to contain an adequate amount of planting medium to support the plants' roots, yet easy enough to move inside should we have another cold snap. Tomatoes are very tender, and most will not survive a light frost without damage.\nTomatoes, once the plant is established and growing, require daily watering when container-grown. This prevents the roots from drying and allows the plant enough moisture to absorb the nutrients that you have placed into the soil before planting.\nContainers should be a minimum of 3- to 5-gallon capacity if you plan to grow the larger beefsteak or Big Boy-type tomato as unpruned vines will cause your container to become top-heavy and tip over unless staked.\nAnother thing to remember is to remove the \"suckers\" that sprout and grow at each leaf node. These suckers quickly form new shoots that rob each plant of its strength and makes for a crop of smaller tomatoes.\nFor best results when growing tomatoes in containers use a good, commercial, plant-growing, soilless medium. Brands such as Lambert, Miracle Grow and Fafard all market these products that eliminate the worry and hassle of our Florida native soil-borne root knot nematodes. Using yard sand or soil invites a horde of soil-borne problems to dine on your tomatoes before the crop is ready to harvest and requires the use of strong pesticides to protect the plants.\nBefore planting, sprinkle a cup of dolomite limestone powder from four to six inches deep into your chosen container. This will keep your plant happy and able to feed upon the fertilizer that is usually placed at or just under the top of the soil about a hand's span from the base of each newly planted tomato plant.\nFlorida is known for producing market tomatoes, and most of our local farmers plant a variety to ensure a long and steady production throughout the growing season. Container-grown plants extend the season by allowing the homeowner to plant in late winter or early spring, providing you have the means to protect your plant from the cold, and harvest your crop earlier and without the taint of applied pesticides.\n\"Tomatoes in Florida Gardens: HS 508\" by James E. Stephens, an IFAS publication, is available at the Marion County Extension Service office as well as many more publications and advice from the Extension Service and the Master Gardeners. Another source of information and a great catalog of photos may be obtained from Tomato Growers Supply Company at www.tomatogrowers.com.\nOur plants that were planted in pots in mid-March are well-established with flowers and fruits. It won't be long and I'll be able to enjoy the first harvest of fresh-grown tomatoes. A bit of salt and pepper, mayonnaise and fresh sliced tomatoes on fresh sandwich bread. I can taste them already!\nKathleen Patterson can be reached at 671-8400 or kathleen.patterson@\nReader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.\nComments are currently unavailable on this article", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Raised in Victoria, macadamia farmer Andrew Wallis formerly grew wheat, cattle and sheep in Bendigo. Now Andrew and wife Jo are proud macadamia farmers in Bundaberg, Queensland, the largest macadamia producing region in Australia. Wallis’s macadamia trees were planted in 2007 as part of Andrew and Jo’s retirement, “We had decided that because we’ve had a pretty hectic business life, that we’d retire at 50 and we’d like to retire on an orchard. So, 7 days a week, 14 hours a day, this is retirement,” laughs Andrew\nThis website has been partly funded by Hort Innovation, using the macadamia research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Humistart provides better fertilizer efficiency and nutrient availability\nProduct Description :\nProduced from naturally soft and porous Calcimer, Humistart is different than traditional lime-based soil conditioners in that it contains the biostimulant Humistim. Together, the calcimer and humistim work to stimulate soil microbes to break down organic material quicker into plant available nutrients, with an enhanced micropH, and more complete nutrition with additional Ca, S, and Mg.\nFeatures & Benefits :\n- Humistim: Directly stimulates soil microbes to increase organic matter breakdown and soil mineralization.\n- Calcimer: improves micro-pH in the soil, provides an ideal environment for soil microbes and provides a balanced nutritional profile with additional Ca, Mg, and S.\n- Additional nutrients: balances soil carbon to nitrogen ratio and adds beneficial nutrients for plants and microbes.\nDownload the product brochure, label, and SDS here:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For women dairy farmers across rural India, mornings can be a very stressful time. On top of completing household chores and getting their children ready for school, many women must handle the time-consuming task of collecting firewood which they need to for cooking fuel, before they begin tending to their farms. Energy poverty is a challenge for people all over the globe, especially women, who are the primary users and producers of household energy. When energy is scarce, the burden of tedious tasks like collecting firewood, leaves, twigs, and dung for cooking fuel often falls on the women of the household.\nAround 2.4 billion people worldwide — about one-third of the global population — lack access to clean cooking solutions and use open fires or inefficient stoves fueled by kerosene, biomass (wood, animal dung, and crop waste), or coal, which generates harmful household air pollution. As climate change presents mounting challenges, the need for climate-smart technology and renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. In June 2022, Accion’s Global Advisory Solutions team partnered with Sistema.bio to conduct a study to understand the benefits, financing, and barriers to adopting green energy assets by women dairy farmers using biodigesters in India. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) funded this initiative.\nBiodigesters are systems that break down organic farm animal waste and convert it into biogas and other by-products which can be used as substitutes for fertilizers. Each biodigester installation helps us get one step closer to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy, with a goal to provide biogas to all small dairy farmers. In remote areas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is not readily available, and electricity in villages is unreliable. After Sistema.bio introduced a technology with a prefabricated modular biodigester (including a full suite of biogas connections and a hybrid reactor designed to treat the daily waste of animal farms), the daily lives of the women dairy farmers we spoke to improved in quality. It became easier for them to manage the household and other chores. Biogas energy is not only used for cooking but also for chaffing the fodder for cattle. A biogas by-product, called bio-slurry, is produced by anaerobic fermentation of biomaterials (waste like cow dung, etc.) which has been widely used as a natural fertilizer in agricultural production, which has many nutrients and is also used like natural fertilizer in kitchen garden or farmlands to grow better quality, organic food produce. Among the dairy farmers we surveyed, biodigesters are acclaimed as a promising product made even more attractive by prompt and proactive service from Sistema.bio staff, for both installations as well as servicing.\nOur insights from this study show that green energy assets like biodigesters provide a triple win for the woman dairy farmer, benefitting them economically, environmentally, and socially. Here’s what we learned:\nEconomic benefits of green energy\nBiodigesters are green assets with optimum return on investment, leading to more household savings: For smallholder dairy farmers, the study confirmed that, assuming that liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cost increases by ₹100 ($1) annually over a 10-year period, and comparing the cost of LPG and biogas used for biodigesters, the daily cost for LPG is ₹48 ($0.60), which is almost four times the daily cost for biogas (₹11 ($0.10)).\nIn monetary terms, on an average, every household saved ₹6,786 ($85) per year by cutting down on LPG usage per year. The minimum cost saved is ₹500 ($6) to as high as ₹19,000 ($240). With these savings, farmers can focus on providing for their children’s education, purchasing food, and managing other household costs.\nOn average, each household with biodigesters reduced the usage of LPG by seven cylinders, which is about 85 percent of their petroleum gas consumption prior to using biodigesters.\nReplacing chemical fertilizers with bio-slurry reduces agricultural production costs for women dairy farmers: Bio-slurry, a byproduct of biogas, is not only an environmentally friendly organic fertilizer but also an efficient use of waste material, following the waste management principles of reusing and recycling. All of the women dairy farmers participating in the study were aware of the benefits of bio-slurry and use it for growing crops both for commercial and household consumption purposes. In our research, we found that the usage of chemical fertilizers was reduced on average by 650 kg or 1,433 lb. — about twice the weight of a large motorcycle — every year.\nUsing biodigesters leads to a significant reduction in time spent on cooking, creating an opportunity to seek additional means for income or employment: Owing to social norms, women dairy farmers cook meals for the family at least three times a day using firewood, which takes close to three to four hours of travel time to collect. Installing and using a biodigester is simple and convenient, and the daily time spent on cooking is reduced significantly. It gives women dairy farmers the opportunity to spend their time more efficiently, allowing them to undertake productive and fulfilling activities that they were previously unable to consider, like teaching or taking on tailoring work, for example.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Well, green thumb maybe. Today, I picked the first cucumber of the summer from my patio garden. My sad little plant has taken off, and I’ll soon be setting up a table in the front yard to give cucumbers away. I’m still waiting for my tomatoes and zucchini, but I did get a late start on my garden with our recent move.\nI am 100% behind the drive to “eat local”. I make several trips each week to my local farm stands to buy fruits and vegetables during these plentiful summer months. Yes, it’s better for the environment because it doesn’t require trucking in vegetables from hundreds of miles away. So my cucumbers have a tiny carbon footprint…blah, blah, blah. My reasons for supporting local farmers are a lot simpler than that:\n- I believe that we show our love for God and His Creation by being responsible stewards of that Creation. As Pope John Paul II wrote in his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus, the earth and its resources have a “…God-given purpose, which man can indeed develop but must not betray.”\n- My heritage includes a family farm. My grandfather owned and operated a small dairy farm. My mother spent many childhood years milking the cows each day. Having heard the stories of the family farm, I understand the need to protect the livelihood of small, family run farms.\n- Last but not least, locally grown produce just tastes better! The tomatoes don’t taste like plastic; the cucumbers aren’t coated with wax; and the peaches…Let’s just say, I refuse to buy grocery store peaches -ever- because there is no comparison.\nSo this suburban, conservative housewife does live green. I plant my modest vegetable garden each year; I buy my produce from local farmers as often as possible; and I might even try composting. Above all, I’ll be thanking God for His gift of the earth and all that it contains.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Georgia on the Global Olive Map\nGeorgia will join the International Olive Council (IOC) at the end of November, 2019. This organization has named Georgia as the third olive hub in Europe, Giorgi Svanidze, Georgian Olive founder told BusinessPartner.\nAs noted, in late November Georgia will become an IOC member and, in 2020, our country will preside over this organization too, Svanidze added.\nThe olive industry started 10 years ago in Georgia, and this is a very encouraging business, because this field has brought very efficient results, Giorgi Svanidze noted. Georgia’s adoption into the IOC is serious progress, and I congratulate everybody who loves this culture, he added.\n“I would like to stress that we produce the best oil. When we submitted an application to the International Olive Council and delivered our olive oil there, they examined the product, and granted us a top quality certificate. The olive tree in Georgia grows faster in 10-12 centimeters, compared to the same tree in Turkey or other countries: the olive skin is thinner, and the stone smaller. One liter of oil is pressed from five kilograms of olive, in the worldwide average, while in Georgia the best indicator is 3.7-3.8 liters from 4 kilograms. We have received 3.7-3.8 liters. The seedling showed that ,from the very beginning, a special product would grow in Georgia with top quality and low acidity”, Svanidze said.\nThe Georgian Olive’s founder says the olive industry has very attractive characteristics, and it can surpass such traditional exports items as nuts and grapes.\n“We started with barren lands that could not be ploughed – similar lands uniquely fit olive culture. Soon, olive fields will not only come up with grapes, hazelnut and other industries, but also surpass them. Neither hail nor drought damages the olive, irrigation is required at the outset and then the root goes deeper, vertically, and obtains resources for itself; it lives for 1000 years, and dozens of generations can receive benefits of new plants. Our people will learn about this opportunity, gradually, and shows interest”, Svanidze said.\nPlant the Future, the program launched by the Agriculture Ministry, has essentially promoted the olive industry. The program covers 70% of the costs for planting seedlings and 50% of arranging irrigation systems. The program also calls for issuing a 40% grant in the case of olive production. Thus, this program has funded olive plantations on about 30,000 hectares. On the whole, olive plantations were arranged on 50,000 hectares in Georgia.\nThe price per kilogram is 1.5-2 GEL, and exceeds the price of some grape varieties. According to international research reports, by 2020-2025 the global value of the olive will hit 11 billion USD.\nThe International Olive Council has named Georgia as the third hub in Europe, and this acknowledgement opens up serious opportunities for Georgia, Svanidze said.\n“The International Olive Council has named Georgia as the third hub country. Europe needs the third hub. Spain is the first one, Italy is the second, and Georgia will place its focus on Asian countries. We have free customs regime with Asia, China, Russia, Europe and this is a huge opportunity. Georgia strives to compete with Spain, Italy, Tunis, thanks to its quality, not quantity. Cooperation with these countries means the promotion of this field in our country, opening laboratories in Georgia, subsidization, trainings and so on”, Svanidze said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mutant Carrots are pulled up from this vegetable garden. They look more like the work of a contemporary sculptor than a product found in the supermarket aisle.\nAfter going to seed it appears these root vegetables are on a mission of world domination. Take cover as they continue their march and seize control, one vegetable patch at a time. Beware, the mutant carrots are coming!\nI am Xan. I started this site when I was six. I want to record my ideas before it is too late. Before I conform to the prevailing expectations of the herd.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The negative impact on global food security of sanctions against Belarusian potash fertilizers10.07.2023\nThe Republic of Belarus has repeatedly raised the issue that sanctions against Belarusian potash fertilizers, including Lithuania’s illegal ban on the transit of Belarusian potash, threaten to cause world hunger and endanger global food security. Aides-mémoires from Belarus on this matter have been issued as official documents of the United Nations General Assembly (A/76/513, A/76/677 and A/77/809).\nHowever, Lithuania continues to claim that Belarus’ contribution to global food security is supposedly insignificant, despite Belarus having a 20 per cent share in the global trade in potash fertilizers up until 2022.\nThe shortage of potash fertilizers as a result of the restrictive measures imposed against Belarusian potash has led to a shortage of potash fertilizers on the world markets and to an increase in their price and, consequently, a reduction in their use, lower crop yields and higher food prices. The situation is particularly dangerous in the least developed countries of the world, with the potential for widespread hunger.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LIVINGAGRO is a cross-border project that addresses the challenge of knowledge and technological transfer in Mediterranean agriculture and forestry systems for achieving and sharing good practices, aimed at sustainable production, protecting biodiversity, enhancing transfer of innovation and increasing profitability for territories and main actors as well as stakeholders involved. This initiative began in September 2019 and has a duration of 36 months, with an end of activities scheduled for 2022.\nBy using an open innovation approach for co-creating economic and social values and interactions between supply and demand, eliminating geographical and cultural barriers, the expected project results include: the creation of two Living Laboratories (Living Labs) on the themes of olive multifunctional system and grazed woodlands whose activation phases include the establishment of the Living Labs through specific agreements between public-private entities, the development of a dedicated ICT platform, the creation of a public-private community that also includes people and the launch of pilot actions aimed at experimentation.\nThe project also foresees the stipulation of research agreements between universities and research centers, in collaboration with economic operators of the project partner countries, the organization of field visits to assess innovation needs and training courses for the creation of innovative companies or startups, the creation of corporate-scientific brokerage events in Jordan, Lebanon, and Crete, the analysis and the development of new products or services for the agroforestry sector and technology transfer activities and intellectual property brokerage services for companies, universities, research institutes and the general public.\nIn consideration of these expected results, the project focuses very much on participative aspects and active involvement of different stakeholders aiming at the challenging objective to match the request for innovation by economic stakeholders of the agroforestry sector and the innovation proposals by universities and research institutes.\nWould you like to learn more about LIVINGAGRO and keep updated about the advancement of project activities? Then please refer to the official project website and follow us on the official project Facebook page! An update on the progress of the project will be available in one of the next editions of the EFI Network Mediterranean newsletter.\nLIVINGAGRO – Cross Border Living laboratories for Agroforestry is a project funded under the ENI CBC Med Programme 2014 – 2020 with a total budget of 3,3 Million Euros and a 2,9 Million EU-contribution involving six organizations from four different countries (Italy, Greece, Lebanon and Jordan): the Regional Forest Agency for Land and Environment of Sardinia (Fo.Re.S.T.A.S.), Italy (Beneficiary); the Italian National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science; the National Agricultural Research Center, Jordan; the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute; the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece, and ATM Consulting, Italy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The preliminary statewide average September temperature was 68.1 degrees, 1.3 degrees below the 1991–2020 average and tied for the 38th warmest on record going back to 1895. The preliminary statewide total September precipitation was 2.64 inches, 0.71 inches below the 1991–2020 average and the 42nd driest on record.\nData are provisional and may change slightly over time.\nFall Start and Summer Finish\nSeptember is a transition month as we move from summer into fall. However, this year September started with fall-like weather and ended with a shot of summer. Daily average temperature departures in Springfield show most days in the first two-thirds of the month were cooler than normal, followed by several days in the last two weeks that were 5 to 10 degrees warmer than normal (Figure 1).\nSeptember average temperatures ranged from the mid-60s in northern Illinois to the low 70s in southern Illinois, between 1 and 4 degrees above normal (Figure 2). We should ignore the suspiciously low September average temperature near La Grange, Illinois because it is likely a measurement error. Several places hit highs in the low 90s in the latter half of September, including 94 degrees in Charleston and Aurora. Meanwhile, cooler weather in the first part of the month pushed some nighttime low temperatures into the 30s, including 37 degrees in Joliet and 39 degrees in Stockton.\nThe warm end to the month broke 10 daily high maximum temperature records and 10 daily high minimum temperature records. Additionally, 3 daily low maximum temperature records were broken last month.\nOverall, the preliminary statewide average September temperature was 68.1 degrees, 1.3 degrees below the 1991–2020 average and tied for 38th warmest on record going back to 1895.\nDry Weather Kicks Off Harvest\nAnother interesting aspect of September is that rain in the first half of the month is generally welcomed by the agriculture community to help finish out beans and late-planted corn. However, rain after mid-September usually disrupts, if not delays, early harvest activity. September this year worked in the opposite way, with drier conditions early and a bit more rain later in the month.\nSeptember precipitation ranged from less than half an inch in western Illinois to over 7 inches in northeast Illinois. The northeast quarter of the state was 1 to 4 inches wetter than normal in September, while much of the rest of the state was 1 to 3 inches drier than normal (Figure 3). Last month was the eighth wettest September on record in Joliet, with 6.76 inches. Last month was the fourth driest September on record in Quincy with just 0.35 inches.\nBroader Midwest Drought\nDrought is often considered an isolated event. A drought comes, it creates impacts, and it leaves. However, drought does not always go away with a wetter stretch of weather. In cases where multiple waves of drought are broken up by wetter periods, drought impacts can slowly accumulate. This phenomenon has been occurring in western Illinois, particularly around the Quincy area. That part of the state has moved in and out of moderate to extreme drought multiple times in the past 18 months, culminating in significant drought impacts. The 2022-23 water year, spanning October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023 was the 3rd driest on record in Quincy, nearly 15 inches below the 30-year normal. Figure 4 shows the intense dryness over the past 12-18 months spans much of the Midwest from Kansas to central Indiana.\nThe Mississippi River has responded to the months-long Midwest drought with significantly reduced flow and near record low levels. Precipitation deficits over 12- to 18-month periods cannot be made up in a month or two, but instead require extended wetter weather over multiple seasons. Therefore, while a wet winter would be beneficial to improving soil, stream, and groundwater conditions, it is likely we’ll be coming into spring 2024 with some moisture deficits in parts of the Midwest.\nOctober–in my humble opinion–is the best weather month of the year. Days become noticeably shorter, nights become cooler, and hoodies and shorts become the ultimate nightwear. The Climate Prediction Center shows higher odds of a warmer and drier than normal October (Figure 5), but no doubt there will be some beautiful fall weather.\nMeanwhile, October also brings in the first look at NOAA’s official winter prediction. This year, NOAA is leaning hard into El Niño with elevated chances of a warmer than normal winter season across Illinois, and slightly higher odds of drier than normal conditions in the eastern Midwest (Figure 6). It’s important to note that El Niño is an important component of seasonal climate variability in the Midwest but is only one of many important components to a winter season.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "top of page\nA family company involved in the production of preservatives-free preparations in accordance with old family recipes and a traditional method. The company produces mainly beets with apples (in jars) – in 2012, this product received a diploma for taking the first place in the “Our Culinary Heritage – Tastes of the Regions” competition. Beets are supplied by a local agricultural producer. However, apples are a native variety coming from a nearby orchard. The company belongs to the “Leszno Flavours” Food Cluster bringing together local food producers, support institutions and local authorities.\nbottom of page", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Unsere Mitarbeiter*innenFoto: Manuel Gutjahr\nStorage and transport management of fresh produce\nAutomation and sensor technology\n- Kalnar, Y.; Mahajan, P. (2023): Sensors for Fresh Produce Supply Chain. In: Encyclopedia of Smart Agriculture Technologies. . Springer Nature, Cham, (978-3-030-89123-7), p. 1-7. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89123-7_288-1\n- Mahajan, P.; Jalali, A.; Keshri, N.; Kalnar, Y. (2023): Arduino-based control system for temperature-dependent gas modification in a fruit storage container.\n- Kalnar, Y.; Jalali, A.; Weltzien, C.; Mahajan, P. (2023): Model-based gas control strategy applied to storage container for broccoli under varying temperatures.\n2023- Scientist, ATB: Institute for agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam\n2016-2022 - Scientist, Indian Council of Agricultural Research *ICAR- CIPHET, Ludhiana, Punjab, India\nScientific research experience in food engineering and technology platform: Scientist, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): 6+ years’ experience in formulation and execution of externally funded research and consultancy project.\n3+ years of Teaching Experience:\nAdjunct Professor, College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, SDAU Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat. Duration: 21/ 08/ 2013 to 15/07/ 2014 (1 year)\nGuest Lecturer, College of Renewable Energy and Environmental Engineering, SDAU Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat. Duration: 07/08/ 2012 to 20/08/2013 (1 year)\nLecturer M-tech Scholar, College of Polytechnic in Agro-processing, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh, Duration: 22/01/ 2011 to 29/05/2012 (1.4 year)\nExpertise in the domain of automation and sensor technology and its application in post-harvest handling for fresh produce.\nWorked with academic partners, good communication skills and experience in technical writing", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ben was born and raised just south of Menomonie, in Dunn County, Wisconsin. He grew up as a country kid; enjoying hunting, fishing, and hearing farm stories from his grandfather and mother. During high school, Ben took as many ag science classes as he could, then went on to Chippewa Valley Technical College where he earned Associates in Agriscience with an Agronomy emphasis and Landscape, Plant and Turf Management. After that, he attended the University of Wisconsin-Stout and earned his Bachelors degree in Management with an emphasis in Human Resources.\nThrough his schooling he worked on a grain farm that produced corn and kidney beans. He also worked for a company that assisted the NRCS and other government agencies with removal of invasive plants. Upon graduation, he worked for a local cooperative where he started as an Agronomist and Precision Ag specialist and quickly moved up to an Agronomy Facility Manager. After more than five years in the business, Ben made a career change. Currently, he works as an insurance agent for a Wisconsin farm-based insurance company. He also works for a local Pioneer Seed representative, assisting in seed sales, crop plans and precision agronomy services.\nWhile working at the local coop, Ben met Haily, a contracted soil sampler and certified crop advisor who had grown up on a dairy farm in Trempealeau County Wisconsin. Along with growing up on the family farm, Haily enjoyed hunting, fishing and gardening. This led them to quickly hit it off and were married shortly after. In 2018, they purchased a track of land not far from where Ben grew up that gave them a piece of ground of their own to manage for wildlife and operate the tillable acres. Their grain farm consists of growing winter rye and soybeans while the fresh produce side includes sweet corn and zucchini to pumpkins and squash. Whether they are checking their crops, trail cameras or hunting stands, enjoying the great outdoors is something they hope to pass onto their daughter Ryelin.\nIn 2021 Ben earned his Real Estate License and joined the LandProz team. Ben feels that with his diverse background he will be able to bring multiple resources to better help serve you. Give Ben a call today!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Frequently Asked Questions\nAre pesticides used on cranberries?\nPesticides are an important part of a typical management plan used in all commercial agriculture including cranberries. In order to minimize pest damage, cultural controls, as well as biological and chemical controls, are used.\nGrowers weigh the environmental and economic impacts of all control options that are available in order to make the best choice for managing a specific pest. This is called Integrated Pest Management or IPM.\nGrowers use pesticides only when necessary and when they do, they must be used in accordance with the label directions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An industry for the determined and unyielding, KCBD NewsChannel 11 is recognizing those who have helped in the success of agriculture. These individuals have shown perseverance and dedication against all odds. From future ag leaders to experienced farmers and ranchers, tell us the stories of those who have made an impact on the South Plains. Nominate your agriculture advocate (age 16+)\nIn an industry for the determined and unyielding, KCBD NewsChannel 11 is recognizing the youth who have impacted the agriculture community with their innovations, achievements, and service. These future ag leaders have gone above and beyond to pioneer and serve the ag community. Tell us a story of a young ag leader (age 14-23) who has made an impact on the South Plains.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "GET MOBILE WITH A SOFT COVER COPY.\n12.99 + SHIPPING (4.99)\nHave you ever wanted to grow hydroponics but didn't have the money or financing to get started? Sign up for this free ebook and\nLearn how to\n- Build your own system for a fraction of the cost.\n- Create your own commercial hydroponic farm without using pumps or power!\n- Grow food for your family that's not pesticide ridden.\nSimple Affordable Effective", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Can Goats Eat Pumpkins?\nGoats are natural forage lovers and they love pumpkins.\nThey find pumpkins palatable and do not find it hard feeding on pumpkins left behind in the fields once pumpkins undergo thawing and freezing.\nGoats can also feed on pumpkin vines especially when forage is little and there are pumpkin vines growing in your yard.\nGoats are choosy and can choose whether to feed on pumpkins or not. They are capable of eating up a whole pumpkin and still need more.\nGoats can eat pumpkin rinds! However, not all of them will like it. Some goats will avoid the rind while others will happily gobble them down provided that they are chopped into small pieces to prevent them from choking.\nPumpkin seeds are non-toxic to goats and great for deworming. They contain an amino acid called cucurbitacin which prevents infestation by causing paralysis in the worms.\nFOLLOW OUR WEBSITE\nFOR FULL BLOG\nHow Do Goats Show Affection? – 3 Scientifically Proven Ways\n400+ Charming Goat Names for Males and Females\nWhy Do Cows Moo At Night?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ad Blocker Detected\nOur website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors. Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.\nAs it turns out, wood ashes can be extremely beneficial all over the vegetable garden. From helping to raise the pH level in overly acidic soils, to recharging tired soil with a multitude of nutrients and minerals.\nOne thing is for sure – ashes can be an incredible resource for gardeners. Especially when you consider they are free. But when it comes to growing the most popular plant of all in the vegetable garden – the beloved tomato, ashes are truly unbelievable in how they can help produce an amazing harvest!\nHow Ashes Help Tomato Plants\nSo why are ashes so incredible for tomato plants? For starters, when wood burns down, the nutrients left behind in the ash are some of the most important of all when it comes to growing healthy, strong, and highly productive tomato plants.\nAt the very top of the list of those nutrients is calcium. Calcium is crucial for tomato plants. Not only does it help young tomato plants develop healthy cells and wall structures for strong stems and branches, it also assists the plant in the successful germination of its blooms.\nBut as important as those are to a tomato plant’s growth, calcium is even more critical when it comes to a tomato plant forming healthy fruit.\nWithout enough calcium, tomato plants are highly prone to blossom end rot. Blossom end rot is a disorder that occurs when a tomato plant is calcium deficient. As the tomatoes form on the plant, the blossom end begins to rot. Ultimately, the fruit rots away before it can mature.\nWood Ashes, Calcium, & Potash – How To Use Wood Ashes To Grow Great Tomatoes!\nThe good news is that wood ashes happen to contain a large amount of calcium. Nearly 20% of a pile of ashes is made up of calcium. Even better, those same ashes also contain a fair amount of potassium as well – which just happens to be another key nutrient tomatoes need.\nPotassium, or potash as it is often called, is used by tomato plants to help absorb water. And because a tomato consists of nearly 95% water – that can certainly be a huge key in developing larger, more plump, and juicy tomatoes on your plants.\nPotassium also helps power photosynthesis, which helps tomato plants turn light into energy. The energy that then powers strong, healthy growth and more blooms. Wood ash also happens to contain magnesium, phosphorous and other trace nutrients that tomato plants love as well.\nIf all of that wasn’t enough reason to use wood ashes on your tomato plants, when mixed into the soil around plants, ashes also increase the soil’s ability to retain moisture. That means every time it rains or you water, the plants stay hydrated longer than ever.\nNow that we know the benefits ashes can bring to tomato plants, let’s take a look at a simple two-pronged approach for how to best use them for great tomato plants.\nHow To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants\nThe secret to success when using ashes to power tomato plants all comes down to knowing when to apply ashes to the soil and plants – and in what quantity.\nJust as with fertilizer and water, too much of a good thing can be harmful to plants. If too little ash is used, your tomato plants can’t get the critical nutrients they need. And if too much is applied, it can change the soil’s pH and negatively affect growth.\nSo when and how much wood ash should you apply to your plants? There are two great ways to use ash on your plants, and you can do both easily and quickly on planting day. Here is a look at exactly how to do both!\nHow To Use Ashes When Planting – How To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants\nOne of the most important times to use ashes on your tomato plants is on planting day. Putting ashes directly into your planting holes can give young transplants a big dose of the nutrients they need most early on.\nFor best results, start by digging your tomato planting hole deep. The deeper you plant your tomatoes the better. This will allow roots to develop all along the stem, providing a strong anchor and the ability to absorb nutrients more quickly. A deep hole also allows you to add in plenty of wood ash as well.\nFor each plant, mix in about 1.5 cups of wood ash with the existing soil. This is also a great time to add in worm castings, coffee grounds, compost, and egg shells. Together, all of these natural ingredients will fill your planting hole with serious power.\nTop Dressing With Ash – How To Use Ashes To Grow Great Tomato Plants\nOnce your transplant has been planted, lightly tamp the soil on the surface to set it in place. Now it’s time to add a bit more ash as a top dressing before you mulch your plants.\nA top dressing of ash on the soil’s surface will allow even more of its nutrients to leach down into the soil every time it rains or you water. The ash on the soil surface will also help to hold that moisture in place longer as well.\nTo top dress, scatter about 1/2 cup of ashes lightly around the base of each plant. Finish by mulching your tomato plants as you normally would with straw, shredded leaves, or grass clippings. By putting the ash under the mulch, it will stay in place and do its job perfectly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "“I wish I had good news about the current onion market, but I don’t,” says Gerard Hoekman of Mulder Onions in the Netherlands. The situation has several causes, he says. “But the main reason is that there are more onions grown in Europe than we all think. Usually, in the second half of the season, we have to rely on European demand. And then mostly Eastern Europe. But they’re still buying German and Austrian onions. So they won’t come to us. And there are still enough onions available. It appears until the end of May.”\n“The question then becomes – is the endless onion farming expansion a good strategy? It seems like a good idea in the first six months of the season. But it’s breaking down the season’s second half more often. That’s a permanent risk.” According to the onion exporter, there’s hardly any trade movement. “It’s going slightly better now. However, it can’t be called good yet. Some traders act tough and ask a little more. But you really can’t get prices to rise at the moment.”\nNew Zealand onion sales aren’t currently going smoothly yet either. “There are some of these onions, but the volume’s still limited. None of the ships leave on time and, so, don’t arrive on time either. The Suez Canal blockage caused additional delays. There’s no equipment in the southern hemisphere to send more. That’s why the export figures show that fewer onions are coming to Northern Europe. That’s not a problem at the moment because there’s zero demand,” concludes Gerard.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Want to get the most out of your garden hose? Trying out a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle could be the right decision. Not only is stainless steel resistant to corrosion, but it also has a high tensile strength and low melting point, which makes it a popular material for industrial applications.\nIn addition, stainless steel is easy to clean, which is a big plus if you’re looking to keep your garden tidy. If you’re curious about the benefits, stainless steel garden hose spray nozzles offer, read on for more information!\nAccording to the National Resources Defense Council, a study by researchers at Yale found that Traditional Hose Watering with a pressure spray nozzle can contribute up to 25% more water than drip irrigation when applied correctly. This is because gravity does not distribute water effectively through a hose as in an irrigation system. The high-pressure spray also helps moisten the soil and reduce evaporation, which can help maximize plant growth.\nWhat is the best quality Stainless Steel garden hose nozzle?\nHave a quick look at the best model\n- Great Cleanup Nozzle for walkways, patios, gutters and more\n- Multiple spray patterns and flow volume are at your fingertips\n- Twisting barrel adjusts water from fan to cone spray to powerful stream\n- Great Cleanup Nozzle for walkways, patios, gutters and more\n- Multiple spray patterns and flow volume are at your fingertips\nGarden hoses can be a nuisance, especially when watering plants. Watering can be a breeze with a Stainless Steel Garden Hose Spray Nozzle! This nozzle is designed specifically for watering garden hoses, offering many benefits for the homeowner and the plant.\nThis nozzle is easy for the homeowner and perfect for people with arthritis or other mobility concerns. It features a soft grip design, making it easy to hold and control. Additionally, the nozzle is adjustable to customize the spray pattern to your needs.\nFor the plant, this nozzle is beneficial because it helps deliver water directly to the roots. That ensures that the plant receives the water it needs evenly and quickly, which helps prevent waterlogging and root damage. Additionally, the Stainless Steel Garden Hose Spray Nozzle helps keep the hose clean and free of debris, which is essential for avoiding mold and other problems.\n- Durable: Stainless steel can last many years without corroding or rusting.\n- Easy to use: The spray tip allows for a fine mist or a strong stream.\n- No leaks: The stainless steel construction means no leaks, and the hose stays upright.\n- Convenient storage: The hose is compact and easy to store, making it ideal for use on the go.\n- Economical: Stainless steel is less expensive than other materials, making it cost-effective.\nHow to Choose The Right Hose Spray Nozzle for Your Needs\nMetal or Plastic\nThere are pros and cons to choosing between metal or plastic nozzles. Metal nozzles are typically more robust and last longer, but they can be more challenging to clean. Plastic nozzles generally are less expensive, but they can become clogged and require more frequent cleaning. It is essential to choose a nozzle appropriate for the type of water you are using it for.\nType of Connection\nThree types of connections are available for hose nozzles: straight, angled, and reverse osmosis. Straight connections are the simplest and require no special adapters, but they are less efficient because the water flow is restricted.\nAngled connections offer a wider path for water flow, but they can be more challenging because the angle requires constant adjustment. Reverse osmosis connections are the most efficient, but they are also the most expensive. It is essential to choose the connection that is best suited to your needs.\nOne of the most important factors to consider when purchasing a hose nozzle is the spray pattern you need. There are various types of spray patterns that you can choose from, including stream, pulsing, and cone.\nStream spray is the most common type and is perfect for general spraying. It is ideal for spraying water on plants, removing debris, and cleaning surfaces.\nPulsing spray is similar to stream spray but has a shorter burst time, creating a pulsing effect. This is perfect for spraying water on moving targets, such as cars or insects.\nCone spray is a type of spray that projects water in a cone shape. This is perfect for spraying liquids or mist onto objects or people and is also used for spraying pesticides or cleaning solutions.\nThis is a crucial part of your garden hose system, as it determines how effectively the water will reach the plants. The type of connector you choose will depend on the type of hose you have and the type of water pressure you are using.\nA PVC connector is typically used with a PVC garden hose, while an ABS connector is more commonly used with an ABS garden hose. PVC connectors are more affordable, but ABS connectors are stronger and last longer.\nGPT connectors are typically used with a garden hose with a ground pin (NPT), while a GPT connector is used with a garden hose with a green water pin (GPT). GPT connectors are more expensive, but they are also more resistant to leaks.\nFlow rate is one of the most important factors when purchasing a hose nozzle. Flow rate determines how much water is dispensed per second, and selecting the appropriate flow rate for the task at hand is necessary. Low-flow nozzles are typically used for sprays and coarse applications, while high-flow nozzles are generally used for acceptable and persistent water streams.\nA low-flow nozzle will suffice if you only use your hose nozzle occasionally. However, if you plan on using your hose nozzle frequently, a high-flow nozzle will be more cost-effective in the long run. The flow rate also affects the water used in a single application. A high-flow nozzle will be more efficient if you need to use large volumes of water.\nWhere to buy these nozzles?\nIf you are looking for a high-quality, you may consider buying it from a reputable source. You can purchase stainless steel hose nozzles in many places, but some of the best sources include Amazon, Home Depot, and Lowe’s. Read the reviews before buying to get the best nozzle for your needs.\nWhat is the PSI of a stainless steel hose nozzle?\nA garden hose nozzle has a PSI (pounds per square inch) rating to measure the pressure that the nozzle can withstand! A stainless steel nozzle typically has a PSI of around 3,000-5,000. It is high enough to provide adequate water pressure for washing your car or lawn but not so high that it will damage your hose or burst your water line.\nHow can I make my garden hose more powerful?\nThere are a few ways to make your garden hose more powerful. One way is to upgrade to a higher-flow garden hose nozzle. This practice will allow more water to flow through the hose, resulting in a more substantial stream.\nAnother way to make your hose more powerful is to buy a water pump. A water pump will help increase water flow through the hose, providing a stronger stream.\nFinally, you can buy a garden hose extender. This feature will allow you to extend the reach of your garden hose, resulting in a more forceful stream. All of these options are available at most hardware stores or online retailers. It is essential to choose the one that is the right size for your needs and will fit into your budget.\nAre stainless steel hose nozzles suitable?\nThe quality of a stainless steel hose nozzle will vary depending on the type of application it is being used for. However, some of the most common uses for a stainless steel hose nozzle include spraying water, cleaning, and degreasing.\nA stainless steel hose nozzle will resist rust and corrosion when it comes to water spraying. It will also stay flexible even in cold conditions, making it ideal for use in colder climates. When it comes to cleaning and degreasing, a stainless steel hose nozzle will help to remove all types of residue and dirt. It is also easy to clean, so you will not have to worry about messes.\nYou can clean stainless steel hose nozzles with little hassle, but it is worth it. The best way to clean them is by using a stainless steel hose nozzle cleaning kit. This kit comes with various tools that you can use to clean the nozzle, including a wire brush, plunger, and scrubber.\nFirst, use the wire brush to remove any built-up debris and residue.\nNext, use the plunger to clean the nozzle and the scrubber to remove the dirt and residues.\nFinally, use the scrubber to polish the nozzle to ensure it looks its best. Make sure to store your stainless steel hose nozzle cleaning kit in a clean and dry place so it is always ready when needed.\nStainless steel hose nozzles are typically used in industrial and commercial settings as they are more durable and resistant to corrosion. There are a few different types of nozzles that you may need, including barbed, straight, and male/female nozzles.\nFirst, you will need to identify the type of nozzle you need. Straight nozzles spray water or other liquids horizontally, and barbed nozzles trap pests or other objects and are typically shorter in length. Male/female nozzles connect two tubing pieces and have a female connector on one end and a male connector on the other.\nHow can you maintain it?\nKeeping this nozzle in top condition is essential to ensure it functions properly. Here are a few tips that can help:\n- Make sure the nozzle is always clean. Clean the nozzle using a mild soap and water solution. Do not use strong chemicals or cleaners.\n- Prevent rusting by keeping the nozzle dry. Never cover it with water or other liquids.\n- Do not use the nozzle if it is not installed correctly or damaged. Contact a professional to install or repair the nozzle.\n- Store the nozzle in a cool, dry place.\nHow long can you use the stainless steel hose nozzle?\nThe lifespan of a stainless steel hose nozzle varies depending on the type and quality of the nozzle. However, most standard nozzles should last around six months before they need to be replaced. Keep your nozzle clean and free from any debris or chemicals, as this may damage the nozzle and reduce its lifespan.\nDo I need a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle?\nYes, a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle is essential to avoid any potential health risks associated with using a standard garden hose. A stainless steel spray nozzle will resist corrosion, making it the ideal choice if you have acidic soil or water that contains chemicals.\nCan I use a hose with a spray nozzle to water my garden?\nNo, you don’t need to use a hose with a spray nozzle to water your garden – you can water your garden using a standard garden hose. However, if you want to water your garden using a spray nozzle, you must buy a spray nozzle.\nAre stainless steel hose nozzles better than galvanized ones?\nSome people prefer stainless steel hose nozzles because they’re more durable, while others say that galvanized spray nozzles provide better water distribution. Ultimately, it’s up to the individual to decide which type of spray nozzle is best for them.\nWhen watering plants, is it necessary to use a stainless steel hose spray nozzle?\nYes, a stainless steel garden hose spray nozzle is necessary when watering plants. Stainless steel is the best material for the spray nozzle due to its durability and resistance to corrosion.\nAre stainless steel hose nozzles any better than regular spray nozzles?\nStainless steel is more resistant to wear and tear, and the nozzle is less likely to clog. Additionally, some believe the stainless steel design delivers a more consistent stream of water. Ultimately, it’s up to you to decide which type of nozzle is best for your needs.\nDo I need a hose nozzle with a stainless steel finish?\nNo, a hose nozzle with a stainless steel finish is not necessary. A standard steel or brass nozzle will work just as well.\nThe great thing about using a stainless steel garden hose nozzle is that it can help you easily clean up all sorts of debris in your garden. Not to mention, the multiple spray pattern ensures that everything gets covered in an instant. The durability and easy-to-hold design make it a perfect choice for everyone! As for our recommended model? It’s the Dramm 12380 adjustable hose nozzle! Give it a try and see for yourself!\nI love gardening and hope you enjoy reading my post as much as I enjoy writing it. I focus on plant-based living and believe that you will be healthier and happier by incorporating more plant-based foods into your diet. By providing helpful tips and advice on everything from garden design to growing techniques, I want to help make gardening easier for everyone.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Slow sand filtration is a low-cost water disinfestation method\nthat can be used as an alternative method of treating nursery\nirrigation water to control plant pathogens. It is a method that\nhas gained popularity for use in treating recirculating nutrient\nsolutions in greenhouse production yet can be adapted to\nlarge scale water treatment in nurseries.\n|August 8, 2016", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Setting up a milk collection and processing plant to create added value and enable the farm to diversify its products and respond better to consumers’ needs.\nProjects & Practice\nInvesting in cutting edge production techniques (hydroponics in pots) allowed a farmer to fill a gap in the market increasing the availability of vegetables in winter, with minimal environmental impact.\nA young entrepreneur used RDP support to build a state-of-the-art greenhouse for growing cherry tomatoes, using an innovative hydroponic system.\nA subsistence farm used RDP support in order to become commercially viable by investing in organic production.\nAn agricultural cooperative invested in setting up organic apple orchards with anti-hail nets. They also acquired agricultural machinery to support the production of organic beef.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Harrisburg, PA – Three proposed multi-state projects that seek to improve the nation’s specialty crop industry are now a reality through a partnership that includes the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. The projects, overseen by the department, seek to control and prevent plant diseases and increase market opportunities for specialty crops across the United States.\n“Pennsylvania is home to a robust specialty crop sector of our agriculture industry that provides a variety of fresh local products for consumers,” said Agriculture Secretary Russell Redding. “The diversity of these crops strengthens our economy and makes our industry more resilient. Partnerships like these increase opportunities for specialty crop producers across the country.”\nThe department will partner with:\n- The Pennsylvania State University; collaborating with universities in Georgia, Maryland, Wisconsin, South Carolina, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, Ohio, North Carolina, Kentucky, West Virginia, Louisiana, and Florida. The pest and plant health project, awarded $806,739, seeks to develop a regional approach to prevention monitoring and management of downy mildew on plants in the melon, squash, and cucumber family.\n- The Pennsylvania State University, University of Maryland and the University of Florida will pursue a pest and plant health project, awarded $770,360, to develop a reliable, customized bio-control for fusarium wilt of the tomato.\n- The U.S. Sweet Potato Council, collaborating with sweet potato commissions and councils in Alabama, California, Louisiana, Mississippi and North Carolina, was awarded $293,000 for a project to increase the market for sweet potatoes.\nThe department also continues to oversee the multistate grant it received in 2016 to combat the Armillaria root rot, a fungus that can kill most species of deciduous and coniferous trees and is particularly devastating to peach and cherry trees. The interdisciplinary project seeks to increase the profitability and sustainability of peach, sweet cherry, and tart cherry operations by limiting crop losses caused by Armillaria root rot. The more than $922,000 grant was awarded jointly to Clemson University, Michigan State University, University of Georgia and the University of Georgia Cooperative Extension.\nThe research and monitoring programs are funded through the United States Department of Agriculture Specialty Crop Multi-State Program and administered by the state Department of Agriculture. Industry and academic partners select state agriculture departments through which their grants are reviewed and submitted to USDA. Pennsylvania’s is one of six state departments of agriculture whose 11 total projects were selected.\n“Our partners trust Pennsylvania to manage these multi-state efforts, and USDA recognizes these projects’ value to the industry,” said Redding. “I’m looking forward to seeing the solutions these teams discover, and how they can benefit our specialty crop producers across the nation.”\nFor more information on specialty crops from USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service, visit www.ams.usda.gov. For more information on the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, visit agriculture.pa.gov.\nMEDIA CONTACT: Will Nichols - 717.787.5085\n# # #", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When you are working in the garden, you may have a variety of tasks to accomplish, such as landscaping, composting, weeding, and dealing with prickly cactus or thorns. Additionally, you may cultivate vegetables and plant trees in your garden. All of these gardening tasks can be completed when you wear a good pair of gardening gloves. We rounded up the best gardening gloves because not every pair is appropriate for every task.\nWe evaluated a variety of items, from upscale personalized ones to winter warmers and inexpensive mittens that cost less than a cup of coffee, to ensure that our garden was properly weeded and the quality was what we wanted.\nSelecting Protective Gloves:\nThere are many different materials used to make gloves. Understanding the level of protection that each style of glove can provide is crucial. Using the incorrect glove might result in harm. Hazards at work are decreased by using the proper glove. The employer must decide how long the gloves may be worn and whether they can be reused. However, if an employee feels that their gloves need to be replaced, they should discard them and use the new one.\nTypes of gardening tasks:\nThere are three types of gardening tasks minor tasks, medium-level tasks, and heavy-duty tasks. Light-duty work gloves will keep your hands clean while doing low-intensity tasks and improve your dexterity for things like planting seeds and other simple, everyday chores. Medium-duty gloves will work for planting, pruning, and border work, while heavy-duty gloves will protect your hands for more demanding tasks like landscaping or when you need extra defense against nettles or thorns.\nBest gardening gloves for minor tasks:\nLight gardening tasks like growing a plant in a container or a hanging basket, removing weeds, sweeping the leaves away, trimming a bush, grabbing a few fruits, etc. These tasks can be done by wearing gloves made up of fabric or cotton. Cotton gloves could absorb harmful chemicals, burning the skin. Lightweight cotton gloves are used in low-risk environments to protect hands from cuts, and abrasions, and occasionally to enhance grip. Cotton safety gloves are a wonderful option if you want to keep your hands clean and warm while working.\nBest gardening gloves for heavy tasks:\nIt will occasionally be necessary to shape and prune shrubs and trees, in addition to removing woody plants like briars. For heavy gardening tasks, there will be a need for heavy equipment like a wheelbarrow, rake, shovel, etc. Gloves made of leather work well for these jobs. The thick, reusable gloves made of natural rubber are one kind of glove. Additionally, certain gloves are available in a latex mix. These gloves often feature a unique texture on the palms for added grip, which makes them perfect for tasks like gardening and heavy-duty cleaning.\nYou're probably already aware that it's best to avoid reusing disposable gloves. Due to their tight fit, they are made to be single-use, temporary wear only. You can become contaminated if you remove them. Heavy-duty cleaning tasks should not be performed on their fragile, breakable surface. Additionally, using these gloves for cleaning might ruin or wear them out. It is so challenging to clean and reuse them without running into the danger of infection.\nThe gloves that are best suitable for heavy-gardening tasks are constructed of goatskin leather, which is softer than cowhide and more durable. They are made with special stitching that places the seams outside of the glove and behind the fingers, improving your dexterity while wearing the gloves and making them more comfortable. The gloves are also strengthened in wear-prone regions so they can survive frequent, demanding use.\nBest gardening gloves that are resistant to chemical attack:\nThese gloves are the finest option for dealing with fungicides, fertilizers, or other garden products in the garden since they provide an impenetrable barrier made of synthetic rubber composite nitrile and neoprene.\nIn my opinion, the best gardening gloves are those which offer comfort. It's crucial that you get them in the right size because they are thicker than other gloves. When you initially put on leather gardening gloves, they should fit snugly. With continued usage, they should form in your hands like a second skin. To ensure a good fit, we advise consulting Glove's size chart.\nMaintenance of gloves:\nAlthough leather gloves are reliable and strong, they do need some maintenance. After using a pair of gloves, wipe them down with a gentle cloth or brush. To prevent the leather from cracking, if they are very damp or unclean, wash them with a mild soap in cold water, pat them dry, and add a small amount of leather conditioner or oil. Always keep gloves indoors or in a secure outdoor storage location. No of the material, keeping a pair of gardening gloves outside in the weather will guarantee that they will deteriorate considerably more quickly and fail to adequately protect your hands.\nThe few most important qualities that should be present in the gardening gloves are:\nThe finest gardening gloves should be thorn-proof and puncture-resistant because their primary purpose is to protect your hands from wounds and scratches.\nOne of the main causes of discomfort with gardening gloves is dampness, and some of them soak up moisture like a sponge. Gloves that would prevent our hands from getting wet in muddy soil can only be considered as best.\nOne of the most crucial characteristics to consider when choosing gloves is whether or not they are comfortable to wear and convenient to use.\nInstead of purchasing multiple inexpensive pairs that will be thrown away after a few uses, we would like to get one pair that lasts for a long time.\nRead more: Best heavy duty nitrile gloves\nWe've examined the best gardening gloves in this article which are the most comfortable, reliable, economical, and protective; to secure your hands from harm. At NMsafety, high-quality safety gloves can be purchased at a reasonable price.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A regular accounting of the goings on with our family, garden, animals and travels. Gardening in USDA Zone 8b.\nMonday, May 6, 2013\nDigging up the Elephant garlic, I found several that had these little bulbs growing from their roots. I had to do a little research, and found out they are called corms. I read that you can plant them and they will grow, but that it could take years for them to become full size garlic. I may try a few for fun...but I'd hate to give up garden space for a multi-year experiment.\nSee the little nodules growing from some of the roots? Those are corms.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "They currently boast an impressive collection of eight garden beds, which play a pivotal role in their admirable endeavor. All the food grown in these beds is donated to their pantry for food giveaways. Their efforts have brought immense joy to their clients, who are typically accustomed to receiving processed foods. The opportunity to enjoy fresh vegetables has been a delightful change for them.\nLast year, their garden produced over 700 pounds of produce, a remarkable achievement. But this year, they're on track to surpass that impressive total. Already, they've harvested 500 pounds, and the season has only just begun. The abundance of their garden is a testament to their dedication and the efficiency of their gardening approach.\nThe quality and benefits of these garden beds have been nothing short of amazing. They've been using an in-ground garden for 30 years, but it often stayed too wet in spring, delaying planting until late May. This year, however, they were able to plant onions, radishes, spinach, beets, and lettuce as early as April 12th. By the first week of May, they were already enjoying fresh salads from their garden.\nThese beds are not only easy to assemble and set up, but they also enhance the efficiency of gardening. Additionally, their attractive appearance adds to the aesthetic appeal of the space. Their satisfaction with these products is evident, and they're grateful for the significant impact these beds have had on their gardening and charitable efforts.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Crunchy Red has earned a reputation for size and yield along with ease of shipping. As the name indicates, flesh is very firm.\n|Disease Reaction||IR: Co:1|\n|Variety||Crunchy Red Watermelon (Primed)|\n|Interior||Light Red Flesh|\n|Rind||Light Green, Medium Stripes|\nMM = Million Seed Count\n1000M = Million Seed Count\n100M = 100 Thousand Seed Count", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are five fields of graduate study within SIPS: (i) Horticulture, (ii) Plant Biology, (iii) Plant Breeding, (iv) Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, and (v) Soil and Crop Sciences.\nThe SIPS Graduate Resource Page can help you:\n- Identify graduate fields and faculty research programs that match your interests\n- Decide whether an MS/PhD or MPS program is right for you\nInformation here focuses on graduate programs in the Field of Soil and Crop Sciences.\nThe Graduate Field of Soil and Crop Sciences provides programs leading to PhD, MS, and MPS programs in the following concentrations:\nGraduate field faculty are from the Section of Soil and Crop Sciences in the School of Integrative Plant Science and from 9 other departments and sections. Students work on projects spanning a range of topics such as advances in management practices for sustainable field crop production, soil biogeochemistry in relation to climate change and environmental concerns, geospatial land processes, and molecular genomic aspects of crop plants and soil microbes. Many faculty members have research programs concerning international agricultural and environmental issues in tropical and subtropical regions. A limited number of students can do most or all of their research overseas.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bee Week: Honeybee Hive Demonstration\nA Hive demonstration with local beekeeper Greg Kalicin\nWhat goes on behind the scenes of the honeybee hive? Greg and Deb Kalicin are the owners of Harmoney Farm in Lisbon, NY. Greg is also the president of the Empire State Honey Producers Association. With real demonstration hives, Greg will go over the fascinating basics of inside the hive and allow participants to have a better understanding of bees. No experience necessary, all are welcome!\nWe will meet at 3:30pm on the Greenhouse (70 park street) lawn if weather permits. If not, we'll go inside. Baked goods provided. :)\nSponsered by the Greenhouse and the Mellon Fund", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lesco High Wheel Fertilizer Spreader with Manual Deflector $275\nA top choice for landscaping and lawn care experts, the Lesco High Wheel Fertilizer Spreader with Manual Deflector Kit has established itself as the industry standard spreader from its ability to adapt to user's needs all year round. Ideally, this Lesco spreader is used during the spring and summer months to spread granular fertilizers and grass seed on lawns and turf in order to promote healthy root growth. But it also finds great use in winter to spread salt and ice melt on sidewalks, driveways, or pathways to reduce slipping incidents from occurring. Its extra-large pneumatic tires provide a smooth ride and increased stability over most terrain, while reducing the chances of rutting considerably.\nStainless Steel Construction\nHopper Capacity: 80 lbs.\nWith manual deflector kit\nEnclosed gearbox with 5:1 gear ratio\nCan be used Year Round\nHopper Cover Included\nExcellent Condition, One Owner\ndo NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Eat-Lancet Commission report published this week has drawn comments from all parts of the food and farming sector, one or two of which may have benefited from a quick read first, before committing to Twitter.\nIt has much to commend it. Indeed, it is arguably the most comprehensive and ambitious report we’ve seen for some time, addressing the twin challenges of healthy diets and sustainable farming, better for people and planet.\nOn 20th February, The RSA Food Farming and Countryside Commission will be hosting a debate in partnership with City University’s Food Thinkers Series, to explore what the report means for UK policy and practices. Meanwhile, here are my favourite eight take-aways.\n- Eat less meat. Yes, this is the message that most commentators focus on. And it has to be said. But the focus on red meat risks the unintended consequence of promoting more intensively produced pig and poultry. I think It’s simple. Let’s focus on no intensively produced meat. No more ‘Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations’, or ‘factory farms,’ or indoor pigs or poultry. Instead, utilise fewer ruminants, in the right ways to convert pasture to high quality protein, and outdoor reared poultry and pigs (which also thrive in woodlands). Livestock should be part of sustainable circular eco-systems. When animal welfare becomes a central component to consider, yes, there will be much less meat, and it will be valued more. The Commission devotes an Appendix to the concept of ‘livestock on leftovers’. It is clear that, within the context of a global reduction in meat and dairy consumption, livestock extensively reared on grass or food waste inedible to humans will continue to have a role to play in sustainable food systems.\n- Shift the world’s food production from quantity and over-supply, to quality and equity. Underpinning all the many issues the report highlights, is the problem of over-production and over-consumption in some countries, and inequity and malnutrition in others. We need to recalibrate food and farming system towards producing smaller quantities of healthier, nutrient-dense food, in harmony with local climates, cultures and ecosystems.\n- Eat much more fruit, vegetables, and plant-based foods, and encourage diversity of production in all countries. Cut back dramatically on growing things we don’t need more of – like sugar - and grow more that we do need – such as nuts and pulses - and a much wider range of them, to recover crop and genetic diversity.\n- Review the concentration of power in the commodities markets, from the number of businesses who control them, to their control of species grown and the limited genetic pools from which they’re drawn. Regulate those businesses’ power to exert too much influence over the markets in which small and medium sized primary producers operate. The report highlights how, in many parts of the world, small family farms need better support – such as investment and infrastructure for shorter supply chains - to develop and grow a much wider variety of foods, more suited to their climates and conditions, which, in turn, also has beneficial health and ecosystem effects.\n- Food prices should fully reflect the true cost of food, from production, processing to consumption. Reduce or remove chemical inputs to recover bio-diversity and reduce pressures on eco-systems. Food prices will increase in some countries. In rich countries, food is – arguably – too cheap, which devalues it. Protect vulnerable citizens through social measures (such as increasing incomes or redistribution through tax systems).\n- Focus on waste, from production to post-consumer. If food is valued more, waste is reduced. Develop virtuous circular systems. The Pig Idea in UK seeks to lift the ban on feeding food waste to pigs.\n- Develop a strategic, integrating framework for land (and oceans) to protect or regenerate ecosystems and mediate pressures on land use. Countries need to set for themselves, and often with their neighbours, the conditions which help them produce food within planetary boundaries, source their energy needs, mitigate and adapt to climate breakdown and protect and recover biodiversity.\n- Governments must intervene more (and act together). From international trade policies, to making it easier to restrict activities of transnational corporations who profit from producing unhealthy food or depleting ecosystems; through to local governments, to use procurement and zoning laws to promote access to healthy food and restrict access to unhealthy food, the report does not shy away from highlighting the big structural, economic and political questions.\nIn short, this report is very much more than a bid to reduce meat and promote plant-based diets. It’s a serious analysis of the way that complex trans-national food and farming systems operate now - and a rallying call to urgent action, to grow a global consensus for more sustainable systems for people and planet.\nSue Pritchard is Director of the Food, Farming & Countryside Commission\nTickets for the debate at RSA House on 20th February will go live on 6th February on the RSA Events webpage. Dr Sandro Demaio, CEO of EAT, will present the EAT-Lancet Commission findings followed by a panel discussion on the steps that need to be taken to transition to a more sustainable land use and a healthier diet – both core themes of the Food, Farming & Countryside Commission’s work. Tickets are free of charge and available to all.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "One of the most incredible things about Hemp is that it is easy to grow, unlike Kratom which is extremely hard to grow due to the seeds being microscopic and fragile, and even if you get Kratom seeds to germinate they would need a greenhouse since they do poorly at room temperature, and one strong cold front could kill a Kratom tree. Fortunately, Hemp literally grows like a weed, it can be grown indoors at room temperature, and it has regular seeds (above photo) that are easy to germinate.\nThis is the beginning of a series of articles on growing Hemp, starting with this article on germinating the seeds, and regular updates will be posted as the Hemp sprouts and then moves through the phases of its lifecycle, and in several months, if all goes well, there will be articles on harvesting and processing Hemp.\nSome people may wet a paper towel and put the seeds inbetween it to stimulate germination, but honestly Hemp doesn’t require any special procedure for germination, it literally just needs soil and water.\nIn the below photo is my setup, which I got from Home Depot for just $25 total. I have 5 pots, and in each one I will plant an individual seed, and I got Miracle Gro potting soil mix. Also, there is a trough that will collect any excess water from when I water the plants, which is essential for growing indoors without making a mess.\nPerhaps regular soil could have been used and it may work. However, I’ve grown all sorts of plants throughout the decades, and Miracle Gro soil makes plants grow way better, and it stimulates germination. I actually would have gotten the Miracle Gro soil that is specifically for rooting new plants, but Home Depot didn’t have it this time, and I figure the potting soil mix is fine. The main point of using Miracle Gro soil is it has all of the nutrients that a plant needs to thrive.\nUltimately I chose to only use 4 pots, so that the plants will have some room once they start growing, and so that all the pots sit level in the trough. I filled each pot with soil up to the line, leaving a few inches of room, just in case I need to add any soil later on, since sometimes plants can start leaning over when they’re new, and this can be remedied by adding soil for support.\nI simply stuck my finger in the soil down as far as my nail, making an indent of an inch or less. I then dropped a seed in, and covered it up with soil. After that I lightly poured some water on the part of the pot where I planted the seed.\nThe key with the initial watering is to make the soil wet around the seed cause that is essential to stimulate germination. Simultaneously however, no need to water all the soil in the pot, just use as much water as it takes to wet the soil around the seed, since too much water can cause fungus growth. The end result can be seen in the below photo.\nToday, and henceforth, I will use a spray bottle of water to wet the soil as needed, but once again important not to constantly soak it to prevent fungus growth. Certainly however, during germination it is critical to keep the soil near the seed constantly wet.\nNotably, I planted 1 Hemp seed per pot. These pots are relatively big, and if the seeds sprout, the plant will have tons of room to grow. It is wise to only put 1 seed per pot, so you don’t have plants competing in the same pot.\nThese plants may never need to be transplanted, since I got that blue Miracle Gro crystal fertilizer for once they start getting big and need more nutrients.\nAlso notably, I put a Heavenly Blue Morning Glory seed in one of the 4 pots as a control for this experiment, since Morning Glory seeds always germinate, so if it germinates and the Hemp seeds do nothing then I’ll know to put in new Hemp seeds or try a different technique. Of course, I’ll wait a week before putting in any new seed, if that is even necessary.\nThat’s all it takes to germinate Hemp seeds based on my experience, and within the next week I’ll post another article once the seeds start sprouting.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Make soil-enriching compost FREE right in your backyard!\nUses one of nature's finest soil amendments to create rich,...\nHEIRLOOM. Bright creamy yellow blossoms with maroon near...\nUses: Beds, Borders, Container\nSun: Full Sun\nSpread: 10-12 inches\nHEIRLOOM. Dark blue-green leaves, salmon blooms.\nUses: Beds, Container", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The need to increase productivity of Haricot beans and improve on the livelihood of farmers led to the introduction of improved Haricot beans with shorter life cycle, high yielding and resistant to pest and diseases. Despite these positive benefits, effective adoption has been slow as farmers remain reluctant to adopt most of these varieties. The survey, thus, focus on evaluating the production, marketing and consumption of released improved Haricot beans by farmers in the Western highlands. It also examines the socio-demographic factors that influence its adoption. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides that captured information on socio-demographic factors as well as production, marketing and consumption. Results obtained showed that farmers’ experience in the cultivation of improved Haricot beans significantly influence their decision to adopt them. Mex 142 was the most adopted, cultivated and most preferred in terms of yield. In terms of marketing, Mex 142 and Ecapan 021 were the most preferred while TY3396-12 was preferred for taste. Policy makers and plant breeders should therefore lay more emphasis on preferred traits that will enhance production, marketing and consumption as a way to enhance productivity and livelihood of farmers.\nProf. Dr. Bilal BİLGİN", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wenbin Wu, CAAS, China: Both small and large farms to benefit from digital transformation\n04 June 2020\nDigital innovations are seen as one of the major drivers behind the growth of food economy in the future. At the same time, large-scale farms all over the world tend to have better access to technologies and implement new solutions more actively as compared to smaller farms.\nTo understand how this problem is addressed in China, we interviewed Wenbin Wu, a Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). Prof. Wu is one of the keynote speakers of the upcoming IAMO Forum 2020 dedicated to the topic of digital transformation of the agri-food value chains in Eurasia. As a specialist in digital agriculture and agricultural land systems, Prof. Wu speaks of the role, benefits and risks of digitalization of the food value chain in China.\nNew technologies play an important role in Chinese agriculture today. Which stages of food value chain do you think are the most digitized in China, and what are the effects from implementing technologies in these sectors?\nFood value chain includes production, processing, transportation, and consumption, and involves many stakeholders. In terms of the current digital transformation of food value chain in China, I think the consumption link at the end of the chain has done the best, followed by the circulation and logistics link. The reason why these two links are ahead is that digital transformation is just needed and brings a lot of benefits. Take the consumption link as an example. With the development of mobile Internet, China's agricultural e-commerce has risen rapidly, providing many public and basic platforms. It is thus easy for farmers to directly sell their agricultural products online, avoiding many intermediate links, reducing the production costs and solving the problem of general complexity of sales of agricultural products.\nAt the same time, the rapid popularization of mobile payments and convenient express services in China allow consumers to choose better agricultural products according to their personal preferences, to complete the purchase easily through the Internet at favorable price, and to get various agricultural products delivered home. Moreover, in circulation, digital transformation brings many advantages. It can help to better understand the market situation based on big data, regulate the precision of agricultural product distribution, and improve operational efficiency. At the same time, it helps to monitor the quality of agricultural products and reduce the losses of agricultural products along the food chain.\nChina has been supporting the development of large-scale agriculture over the past years. Would you agree with the statement that digital innovations bring benefits mainly to large farms while the smaller ones experience much less positive effects from them?\nIndeed, in recent years, China has been actively promoting moderate-scale operation of agriculture to improve land productivity, labor productivity and input use efficiency. But, overall, smallholder farming is still the dominant mode in China. Due to the obvious benefits of digital technology application, such as efficiency and product quality improvements, reduction of the cost of agricultural production and substitution for declining labor, larger types of farming, i.e. family farms, enterprises and other emerging producers in China are highly motivated to implement digital technology.\nAt the same time, small-scale individual farmers also get benefits from the application of digital technology including access to market information and use of meteorological services in the production process. However, these benefits are less extensive than those of large-scale farmers while efficiency improvements from data technology application are still at the low level. Due to the small operation area, digital technology does not add much value. Furthermore, for many small farmers, agriculture is not the main source of income for their families, so they have little enthusiasm for using digital technology in farming. These are exactly the challenges that China is now trying to address. We have to understand how to effectively connect small farmers with large markets, how to provide digital solutions that meet the specific needs of small farmers and how to reduce the cost of and remove barriers for use of digital technology. All this is progressing steadily and small farmers will increasingly benefit from digital transformation.\nWhat do you think are the most important conditions for successful digital transformation of the food value chain in China?\nDigital transformation is a complex and system-changing process, which goes beyond technological innovation alone. It entails also innovations in policies, institutions, talent development, business models and other aspects that need to be considered to build an ecosystem of digital transformation, so as to enable successful digitalization of the agricultural sector. As far as the current digital transformation of agriculture in China is concerned, it is necessary to strengthen the platforms for support of digital transformation. There are many common technologies, basic platforms and hardware and software provider environments. These infrastructures are the physical basis of digital transformation through applications and services. Furthermore, we have to address an agricultural producer as the weakest link in the digitalized food chain.\nOn the one hand, technical innovation is needed to provide low-cost and simple solutions to meet the digital needs of smallholders. On the other hand, we need to raise the enthusiasm of smallholders to use digital technology, so that they can benefit from it. Last but not least, we have to effectively combine the efforts of the government, industry, education and research. This is very important as we have to consider how to enable different actors to play their unique roles, especially in order to attract agriculture-related businesses to be the first to promote and participate in the digital transformation of agriculture aiming, among other things, to improve ecology and ensure sustainable development.\nCan you name any risks of digitalization of Chinese agricultural sector?\nDigital transformation is about establishing of a virtual and digital agricultural industry. How to ensure information security is a key problem here. In addition, in the context of continuous accumulation of data and development of data platforms, there may be a situation that only a few service providers become absolute leaders on the market and this may cause the risk of exclusivity and unfair competition.\nThank you for your time!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Collards seed, Georgia Southern Collard greens.\nA cool-season leafy vegetable, Georgia Southern Collard is a member of the cabbage family.\nCollards greens tolerate both warm and cold temperatures. A tasty, healthy vegetable that adds character to any meal!\nDays to Maturity: 70.\n3.5 g. vegetable seed packet, Livingston Seed Co.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Introducing the first of our producers for 2018. Here at Prosecco Springs, we carefully handpick each of the producers that we work with, bringing you the finest Prosecco that the region has to offer.\nProducing some of the finest Italian Prosecco in the hills of Treviso for over 30 years, Bottega offers a beautiful range of premium Italian sparkling wines, which are crafted with excellence and presented in distinctive, beautifully designed packaging. The iconic Bottega Gold Prosecco is the ideal choice for aperitifs and parties, or as a prestigious gift for special occasions.\nA pleasant and captivating Prosecco, Vigna Belvedere is produced with great passion for vine growing and a respect for nature. These values have led them to carefully follow the whole cycle, step by step, from the vineyard to the bottle, preserving the health of their grapevines to obtain a well balanced production, always favouring quality over quantity.\nIn 1887, master winemaker Francesco Mionetto opened his winery amidst the rolling hills of Valdobbiadene in the heart of the Prosecco area. Today, Mionetto are shining examples of Prosecco production on the international scene; their founder's love and passion for the region and its wines remain fundamental values for the company.\nFrozza have been producing wine since 1870 in the hills of Colbertaldo, where the Glera vines find the ideal elements for its growth. Steep slopes with plentiful sun exposure ensure the vines get the right amount of water; the soft wind that blows through the hills allows the grapes to ripen in a unique microclimate to create the perfect Prosecco Valdobbiadene DOCG.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "At Perry Wellness Center, it is always exciting to hear about future plans for the campus and market, along with current trends. Recently, two authorities in their respective fields came together to collaborate on a new strategy for Rudy’s Happy Patch Market.\nPlant authority Jamie Minich and creative designer Jeff Williams can provide solutions for almost any problems on the PWC campus. Last week they happened to meet in the east gardens, where they discussed plant identification signage and plant placement at the market.\nJeff explains, “We have found that the parking lot side of Happy Patch is a ‘point of purchase’ area for shoppers. If we have some plant varieties that move more slowly, we move them to this parking lot, and they are quickly gone. I like to share ideas with Jamie. She offers things relative to plant variety that I did not know.”\nIn the photo above, Jamie Minich and Jeff Williams discuss plans for future plant relocation to increase visibility and sales.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "These comprehensive tree care tips will guide you through the process of selecting, planting, and caring for the right tree for your space. It’s important to remember that proper tree care starts when you select a tree. And what you do to your tree in its first few years of life will affect its shape, strength, and even its lifespan. Following these steps will make sure your tree gets a good start for a healthy life.\nProper tree care begins with selecting the right tree and planting it in the right place. Make sure your tree will thrive — especially once fully grown — where you want to plant it. Things to consider include:\nThe tree’s purpose. Are you planting it for aesthetics, privacy, shade/energy reduction, windbreak, or as a street tree? Your end goal will determine the suitability of different trees.\nPlanting site limitations. What is your hardiness zone? What is the maximum height and spread for a tree in the space? What are the sun exposure and soil conditions? This information is available for more than 200 trees and woody shrubs in our Tree Guide.\nLearn more about planting the Right Tree in the Right Place. You can also find a tree with the Tree Wizard — a free online tool to help you narrow down your choices and select the right tree for the right place.\nShort, flowering trees don’t clash with overhead utility lines. Large deciduous trees on the southeast, southwest, and west provide cooling shade in the summer but don’t obstruct the warming winter sunlight. An evergreen windbreak to the north blocks cold winds in winter.\nGood tree care starts with a healthy tree. Here’s what to look for to ensure your tree can provide a lifetime of benefits.\nBare-Root Seedlings : Roots should be moist and fibrous.\nDeciduous seedlings should have roots about equal to stem length.\nBalled and Burlapped Trees: Root ball should be firm to the touch, especially near the trunk.\nRoot ball should be adequate for the tree’s size.\nContainer-Grown Trees :Container should not contain large, circling roots.\nPruned roots should be cut cleanly, none wider than a finger.\nSoil and roots should be joined tightly.\nA strong, well-developed leader (or leaders in a multi-leader tree).\nBright, healthy bark.\nTrunk and limbs free of insect or mechanical injury.\nBranches well-distributed around trunk, considerably smaller caliper than trunk.\nIdeal spacing between branches, at least 8–12″ for most species.\nGood trunk taper.\nWide-angle crotches for strength.\nLow branches — they are temporary but help develop taper, promote trunk caliper growth, and prevent sun damage.\nHow To Videos:\nMulch is a newly planted tree’s best friend because it:\nInsulates the soil, helping to provide a buffer from heat and cold.\nRetains water to help the roots stay moist.\nKeeps weeds out to avoid root competition.\nPrevents soil compaction.\nReduces lawn mower damage.\nRemove any grass within a 3-foot area (up to 10 feet for larger tree).\nPour natural mulch such as wood chips or bark pieces 2 to 4 inches deep within the circle.\nKeep the mulch from touching the trunk of the tree.\nTree watering is a key part of tree care, but it is difficult to recommend an exact amount due to the variety of climates. A few guidelines will help you to water your trees properly.\nFor new trees, water immediately after you plant a tree. Usually 30 seconds with a steady stream of water from a garden hose w/ a diffuser nozzle per tree seedling is sufficient.\nDuring the first couple growing seasons, your newly planted tree is expending a lot of energy trying to get its roots established in the soil. Especially during the first few summers of your new trees life, it will have a difficult time dealing with heat and drought. You can make this easier by providing water and covering the soil with wood-chip mulch. Deep watering can help speed the root establishment. Deep water consists of keeping the soil moist to a depth that includes all the roots.\nNot enough water is harmful for the tree, but too much water is bad as well. Over-watering is a common tree care mistake. Please note that moist is different than soggy, and you can judge this by feel. A damp soil that dries for a short period will allow adequate oxygen to permeate the soil.\nYou can check soil moisture by using a garden trowel and inserting it into the ground to a depth of 2″, and then move the blade of the trowel back and forth to create a small narrow trench. Then use your finger to touch the soil. If it is moist to the touch, then they do not need water.\nIf your area constantly deals with drought you will want to consider trees listed as drought-tolerant. Some drought-tolerant species include Arizona Cypress, Japanese Zelkova, White Fir, and Kentucky Coffeetree.\nOn the opposite side of the spectrum if your area deals with a large amount of moisture or wet conditions, here are a few trees that will do better in wet conditions: Baldcypress, Shellbark Hickory, Red Maple, Silver Maple, Paper Birch, River Birch, and Weeping Willow.\nProper pruning technique is important for a healthy tree. Please review our animated Tree Pruning Guide as well as videos on why pruning is necessary, the rules of pruning, and the ABCs of pruning.\nThis depends to a large extent on why you prune. Light pruning and the removal of dead wood can be done anytime. Otherwise, below are some guidelines for the different seasons.\nPruning during dormancy is the most common practice. It results in a vigorous burst of new growth in the spring and should be used if that is the desired effect. It is usually best to wait until the coldest part of winter has passed.\nTo direct the growth by slowing the branches you don’t want, or to “dwarf” the development of a tree or branch, pruning should be done soon after seasonal growth is complete. Another reason to prune in the summer is for corrective purposes. Defective limbs can be seen more easily.\nFor trees that bloom in spring, prune when their flowers fade. Trees and shrubs that flower in mid- to late summer should be pruned in winter or early spring.\nBecause decay fungi spread their spores profusely in the fall and wounds seem to heal more slowly on fall on cuts, this is a good time to leave your pruning tools in storage. Landscaping Shrubbery Care\nShrubs are an essential and beautiful part of any landscape. Shrubs are small to medium-sized woody plants. These plants are bigger than a flower but small compared to a tree. Most of the shrubs are evergreen, and some shed leaves in the winter season. Consider adding some shrubs to your lawn while designing your lawn. They make a great addition and attraction at places like fountains, walkways, and other hardscapes. Shrubs can also be used as background for the garden beds in your lawn.\nShrubs add beauty, texture, and structure to your lawn. You can choose them based on your interest. Most chosen is the hydrangeas, because of the long-lasting blossoms. If greenery is your choice, then pick a variety from yews, arborvitae, and boxwood.\nShrub maintenance involves a careful choice of the desired shrub and taking care of it after planting to get the best blossoms in the year.\nThe shrubs that are selected for the plantation should be able to cope up with the soil and climatic conditions. Read all the labels and instructions if any present with the shrub packet. The Fall season is the best time to plant shrubs, as the plant gets more time to grow before the winter season.\nWater is essential for the plants or shrubs to thrive. Especially the watering should be done once in a week thoroughly. If you are using a sprinkler, you can adjust the timer for about 10 minutes and see that the lawn is completely soaked in the water or the soil completely absorbs the water in the yard. In the fall season water your shrubs before the first frost.\nNewly planted shrubs should not be fed with fertilizer in the fall, but feed if planting n the spring. Mulch the soil with compost to make the soil enriched with micronutrients. For the shrubs that are planted and established, timed release fertilizers can be added according to the need of the plants from spring through July .\nTo maintain the size and shape of the shrubs, pruning is to be done on a regular basis. Make use of different tools for pruning the plants or shrubs. Late winter to spring is the best time to prune your summer flowering shrubs. For spring flowering shrubs, prune after they bloom.\nYou need to stake the new plants on the lawn, especially when the shrubs are weak and you have a hard time to keep them straight. The support to the plants should be given until they have developed a strong trunk. The stalk used should be about the height of the tree. Using a heavy wrapped wire the stalk is tied to the branches of the tree. Ensure that the cable is covered with a hose to protect the tree bark from rubbing.\nBefore planting the shrubs, you need to test the soil and find out if there are any deficiencies present in the land. If there are any shortage of nutrients, you can fill the gap by using the prescribed fertilizer. Use slow-release fertilizers for overcoming the nitrogen deficiency.\nPests are a big problem for the shrubs. If you find any pests on the shrubs or plants, consult a local Lawn Care Professional to suggest the right method to remove the pests from the lawn.\nMulching is the process that helps to retain the moisture and warmth of the soil. In the winter season, the mulch help the shrubs to retain water. Organic mulching materials such as pine bark and pine needles can be used for mulching the shrubs.\nImplementing proper gardening and shrub maintenance is always the key to keep the shrubs in your lawn green and healthy. So, pick your favorite shrubs that suit your neighborhood and make sure that the pruning, watering, fertilization and other tasks which are essential for healthy growth of this special plants are done properly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "COVID-19 has given a clarion call for a technology-enabled world, more so in the context of the Indian rural sector which has always stayed several steps behind the urban way of living. The slow progress could be attributed to not just lack of financial resources but also towards weak communication of functional knowledge, for a large population lacking literacy (M: 80.9%, F: 64.6%), and reliance on western technologies failing to cater to the requirements of the rural population of India. Researchers at IIT Kharagpur have come forward to bridge this gap by rolling out farming technologies as well as non-farming technologies for rural employment.\nTalking about this initiative, Director, IIT Kharagpur, Prof. Virendra Tewari said,\n“The Government of India offers huge subsidies for mechanization of the rural sector, but the farm machinery sector has not invested significantly in creating a market for indigenous technologies addressing the burning need of the Indian rural sector. Experts at IIT Kharagpur are answering this challenge by designing technologies well suited for the livelihood of the rural class of our country.”\nThe Institute, through its Precision Farming Development Centre, Farm Implements and Machinery and Rural Technology Action Group projects, has developed and deployed farm machinery including ranging from micro-irrigation, combined harvester, crop and vegetable planters, solar energy operated transplanters, groundnut diggers, ultrasonic sprayers. Further non-farming livelihood technologies for rural small-scale and cottage industries have been mechanized. To name a few, Dhenki, Potter Wheel, Jute Rope making, Door Mat making, Amber Charkha, Rice Flaking. The initiative also includes social impact technologies such as Smokeless Chullahs, Rural Drinking Water Facility.\nProf Kamlesh Tiwari, one of the lead researchers in this program confirmed the training of around 2500 farmers from nearby villages of West Bengal and Odisha in micro-irrigation and protected cultivation structures. Several farmers who adopted these farm machinery and farm equipment reported a decrease in labor cost, reduction in the cost of cultivation, timeliness operations, improvement in pulverization, increase in soil fertility and production. Mr. Karthik Maity, from Hurnal village of Purba Medinipur and Subratha Mahesh from the Gurgram village of Paschim Medinipur, expressed their delight over their enhanced yield due to the technologies they adopted and the increased profits.\nFurther, outreach programs were organized by the Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering and the Rural Development Centre to communicate, train rural people and help their transition to mechanized farming and livelihoods. IIT Kharagpur has extensively mobilized the funding available under national mission projects like ‘National Initiative for Design Innovation’ and ‘Unnat Bharat Abhiyan’ towards achieving this goal.\n“We are ensuring the technologies are being implemented either in their farms or being adopted to generate employment through startups, setting up self-help groups. The livelihood technology adoption program witnessed significant acceptance in three North Eastern states including Assam, Manipur, Tripura as well as in several districts of West Bengal and Tamil Nadu,” Prof. Kamlesh Tiwari said.\nEarlier this year, the India Brand Equity Foundation, an initiative of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, had estimated the gross value to be added by the rural sector, including agriculture, forestry and fishing, at ₹20 trillion approximately with a dominant employment share of 58%. Also, in May, the Finance Ministry had announced an economic stimulus of ₹1.5 trillion to boost agricultural infrastructure and logistics and ₹400 billion was allocated for the rural employment guarantee scheme. Referring to this Director, Prof. Virendra Tewari further emphasized on the strategic importance of such technology development.\nHe remarked, “While India is moving at an accelerated pace towards digitization, there is a crucial need to complement it with automation in the rural livelihood and farming sector and warrant a uniform progress. Such transition in rural livelihood will not only increase productivity and earnings manifold but will also lead to capacity building for rural and cottage industries, improved product quality, increased employment, and entrepreneurship opportunities in rural areas.”\nProject Information: Prof. Kamlesh N Tiwari, firstname.lastname@example.org;\nInstitute Related: Prof. B N Singh, email@example.com;\nMedia Outreach: Shreyoshi Ghosh, firstname.lastname@example.org; More News:: https://kgpchronicle.iitkgp.ac.in/;\nFollow IIT Kharagpur on Social Media: Facebook:@IIT.Kgp; Twitter: @IITKgp; Instagram: @iit.kgp", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Study many of the guidelines particularly document in order to create a yard of which all people tvarstop.com can certainly get pleasure from. Establish what you require which means you tend not to buy tools you do not need, or even about vegetables that don’t perform in your town.\nTo maximize ones pleasure from your back garden grow a range of facilities. The same old can get full along with tedious and you will beyond indifference wind up disregarding ones garden. By simply sowing a number you can make certain you continue to be interested and since an extra it will likely be far prettier.\nWhile uprooting any perennial grow, you ought to begin excavating at the drop collection. Dig any trench across the plant, as well as lower virtually any origins of which prolong over and above of which trench. You’ll be able to wrap arises in concert to prevent destructive this vegetable in the course of action. The moment all of the beginnings are usually severed lift up this seed very carefully through it is principal stem.\nTo keep soil coming from receiving under your fingernails though growing plants, reach for a bar regarding soap before you start! Just as much as no doubt you like horticulture, nothing of people love all of that garden soil of which receives caught within our own fingernails which can be therefore challenging to take out. Purely claw any bar connected with cleaning soap before even thinking about getting work done in your yard when complete, run the hands beneath h2o and since your soap flushes out, and so really does the actual dust!\nWith regard to simple plant as well as flower garden it is sometimes not essential to buy by far the most costly horticulture resources along with gadgets. Browsing discount merchants will often assist you to uncover essential equipment at the good deal. It’s also wise to look every single early spring for most local supermarkets to set up the church aisle or even exhibit along with garden instruments you can get for just a very good cost, too.\nGrow from the colour. Almost all vegetation need mild in order to endure, and not all of them need to have outstanding the sun. Plant life indigenous to wood land areas tend to be pleased whenever they get security coming from sunshine. There are numerous vegetation that will blossom within a shady garden, which include Hosta, Cyclamen, Foxglove, Helleborus, Japoneses Anemone, and Ajuga. By means of grape planting these, you’ll have year-round exhibit involving shade in actually the shadiest connected with home gardens.\nTo help keep pet cats, snakes, along with critters from a back garden, employ moth projectiles. Moth tennis balls may well not scent pleasurable to us, nonetheless they aroma more painful to many creatures, and they’ll effortlessly terrify these out. Just scatter some moth projectiles in the tips of one’s garden. Moth projectiles can be had quite inexpensively from medication shops and greenback merchants.\nYou must do a little bit of investigation, enjoy doing work external a large amount of enough time, and also have a great deal of tolerance. When you appear after the remarkable lawn, you may understand that the project offers payed off!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "American Tonda Squash\nInventory, lb : 0\nThe American Tonda squash is small to medium in size with a round to oblong shape and a light beige, rough, and ridged stem. The rind is firm, thick, and has a dark green base with light green and orange-yellow mottling with alternating grey and green stripes along prominent ribbing that spans the length of the squash. As the squash matures, the coloring will take on an increasingly yellow and orange hue. The flesh is yellow, moist, and spongy with a hollow center containing stringy pulp that encases many flat cream-colored, hard seeds. When cooked, the American Tonda squash is dry, transforms to orange in color, and offers a sweet squash flavor similar to that of butternut squash.\nThe American Tonda squash is available in the fall and winter.\nThe American Tonda squash, botanically classified as Cucurbita pepo ‘American Tonda,’ is an Italian winter squash that grows on a vining plant and is a part of the Cucurbitaceae family along with pumpkins and gourds. Despite the American title in its name, the American Tonda squash was named after its resemblance to the classic American pumpkin and originated in Italy. Also known as Tonda Padana, Americana Tonda, and American Tondo, the American Tonda squash is a visually unique variety that was popular in the mid-nineteenth century and has recently been making a comeback. Known for its ornamental attributes as much as its culinary abilities, the American Tonda is a specialty squash that can be found at farmers markets and select stores when in season. It can be consumed raw when harvested young and immature, similarly to zucchini, or it can be left on the vine to mature and harvested when hard and dense, similar to butternut squash.\nThe American Tonda is an excellent source of beta-carotene which is converted into vitamin A by the body. Vitamin A helps protect healthy skin functions, good eye health, and is also responsible for the vibrant coloring of the squash’s flesh.\nThe American Tonda squash is best suited for cooked applications such as steaming, roasting, baking, or grilling. It can be cut into cubes, wedges, or in half and roasted or steamed to be served as a side dish or used to make soups, sauces, and sweet preparations such as pies, muffins, and bread. Peeled and cubed squash can also be added to pasta, gnocchi, and risotto or used as a stuffing for empanadas, calzones, risotto, or casseroles. The skin of the squash is too tough for consumption and should be removed either before or after cooking. The American Tonda squash pairs well with fresh herbs such as parsley, sage, and basil, gorgonzola, parmesan cheese, curry spice, cinnamon, nutmeg, browned butter, maple syrup, apple, pear, toasted hazelnuts, raisins, dried cranberries, and pancetta. It will keep up to a month when stored in a cool and dry place.\nBelieved to be an Italian variety, the American Tonda squash, also known as Tonda Padana, gets its name from the Italian word for round (tonda) and from the Po or Padania Valley, the region where the squash is believed to have originated. In Italy, the squash is most popularly used to make gnocchi and is the key ingredient in fillings for other homemade pasta dishes. The American Tonda squash is also very similar in appearance and may be a relative of the New Zealand squash popularly used by the Maori known as kumi kumi or kamo kamo squash.\nThe American Tonda squash is believed to have been developed in the Padania region of north-western Italy. Today the American Tonda squash is available in limited quantities at specialty grocers and farmers markets in Europe and the United States.\nRecipes that include American Tonda Squash. One is easiest, three is harder.\n|Mister Meatball||Pumpkin Ricotta Squash|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seed Bank Dynamics in a Mediterranean Grassland\nImpact factor: 5.840 (Year: 1992)\nMetadataShow full item record\nTimeless limited access\nL. Russi, Phil S. Cocks, E. H. Roberts. (1/1/1992). Seed Bank Dynamics in a Mediterranean Grassland. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29 (3), pp. 763-771.\n1. Changes in the seed bank, seedling emergence and plant density of the most common grass species, and all legume species, were monitored in a grassland in north Syria from October 1986 to May 1989. 2. The seed bank was greatest in May-June, following pasture maturity, then declined to its minimum in March-April. Losses of seeds during summer were mainly due to sheep grazing, while losses in winter and spring were mainly due to germination, although some seeds were eaten by soil fauna and some seeds died. The seed bank, particularly of the small-seeded species (Trifolium tomentosum and T. campestre) was greater under the high stocking rate than under the low stocking rate. 3. There was little seed carry-over of grasses from season to season (Avena spp. 5%, Heteranthelium piliferum 1%, Bromus spp. 0%), but seed carry-over was greater in legumes (Trifolium stellatum 27%, T. campestre 35%, and T. tomentosum 38%). Most seedlings emerged in the autumn, but emergence continued throughout the growing season. Plant density within each year reached a peak in January, declining as spring approached. 4. The ecological and agricultural importance of seed banks in native Mediterranean grasslands is discussed.\n- Agricultural Research Knowledge", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "One Paseo welcomes Berry Good Food pop-up\nCome shop the best in locally grown early summer produce and locally made treats! A paseo hosts Good berry food, a local non-profit organization focused on food safety and food education, for a pop-up food stand. The event will take place over two Saturdays, June 4 and 18.\nOrganic products include:\nLawyers Reed and Pinkerton\nThe produce is all grown in San Diego County. This also includes locally grown gourmet mushrooms, local flower bouquets and locally made sourdough bread and fruit pies.\nProceeds from the Pop-Up Berry Good Food Stand will benefit Berry Good Food’s mission to support local and regenerative food systems in San Diego and Baja California. Their programs revolve around food security and food education, including school gardens in underserved communities and distributing food to those in need.\nSee you at One Paseo!\nStock up on local treats, sample summer produce, or buy take-out items for your summer picnics and gatherings. One Paseo will showcase the best of local farms and food artisans in their urban village.\nThe Pop-Up Berry Good Food Stand will be located near Koi Pond at One Paseo.\nSee you there, San Diego!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The present study was conducted in Betwa River near Mandideep Industrial Area extending from origin up to a stretch of 200 kms downstream to assess the presence of selective pesticides in the river water. Quarterly analysis was carried out during 2016-17 for water samples collected from surface and bottom waters at stations of Betwa River in Mandideep area. The study reveals the presence of few pesticides viz. Aldrin, Endosulphan and HCH, in traces at all the stations except its origin. Presence of Pesticide, though in low concentration suggests primary entry of it into river water which may be attributed to run offs from nearby agricultural fields. The present study emphasizes the need for alternative agricultural practices with application of organic bio-pesticides instead of depending heavily on chemical pesticides.\nLactic acid is a chemical compound that plays a role in various biochemical processes and also widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. The aim of this study was to establish a process of lactic acid (LA) production from organic banana peel waste using lactic acid bacteria isolated and growth in MRS media at 37ºC for 24 h from milk product. The results indicate that lactic acid production using lactic acid bacteria are identified as Gram-positive, non-spore forming rods, catalase-negative, usually nonmotile. There was significant pH difference from 5.64 to 3.92 in the fermentation production medium containing banana waste peel + inoculum and 5.64 to 3.89 in the medium containing banana waste peel extract + inoculum + malt extract during the course of time from 0 hours to 96 hours when compared to control containing only banana waste peel without inoculum. There was dramatic increase in the percentage of crude lactic acid production was similar along with change in pH from ranging from 6.14 to 6.71 before decolorization without activated charcoal and 7.31 to 7.53 after decolorization with activated charcoal for fermentation production medium during the course of 24 to 96 hours. Similarly, the percentage of crude lactic acid production increases ranging from 6.73 to 6.98 before decolorization without activated charcoal and 7.79 to 7.96 after decolorization with activated charcoal for fermentation production medium containing banana waste peel + Malt extract and inoculum from 0 to 96 hours. This may due to the high rate of consumption of starch compounds to lactic acid with the help of lactic acid bacteria.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Our main agricultural water-saving irrigation equipment, irrigation equipment (a variety of drip irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-spraying, pipe fittings, valve plastic pipe, plastic film, etc.), is a 31-year-established plastics and plastics enterprises, China’s water-saving irrigation Leading company in the equipment industry.\nSince its establishment, the company has served a total of more than 6,200 domestic and foreign customers, covering more than 40 countries worldwide and domestic Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Yunnan, Shanghai, Hainan, Henan, Hebei, Shandong , Anhui, Fujian, Tianjin, Beijing and other places\nWe have advanced experimental equipment and independent laboratories, with a professional inspection team, the company passed the ISO9001 quality system certification, & CE, in all directions to ensure the quality of your products.\nWe have experienced after-sales service team to provide you with 24-hour online service, through e-mail, fax and a variety of online chat tools to help you solve the installation, use and other issues, according to customer needs on-site service.\nDrip irrigation is an efficient, convenient way to water your garden. It supplies the water directly to the roots of your plants, reducing evaporation and water loss through wind flow. Connect it to a timer, and your garden will water itself automatically, with minimal upkeep.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique\n- Modular architecture and evolution of the map-1 gene family in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognitaPhilippe Castagnone-Sereno\nINRA UMR1301, UNSA, CNRS UMR6243, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France\nMol Genet Genomics 282:547-54. 2009..The genomic differences characterized here between avirulent and virulent individuals are assumed to reflect, at the DNA level, the adaptive capacity of these asexual root-knot nematodes...\n- Pyramiding, alternating or mixing: comparative performances of deployment strategies of nematode resistance genes to promote plant resistance efficiency and durabilityCaroline Djian-Caporalino\nINRA, UMR1355 INRA UNSA CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, BP167, Sophia Antipolis F 06903, France\nBMC Plant Biol 14:53. 2014....\n- Diversity and evolution of root-knot nematodes, genus Meloidogyne: new insights from the genomic eraPhilippe Castagnone-Sereno\nINRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, F 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France\nAnnu Rev Phytopathol 51:203-20. 2013..incognita) and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) represent major forces that have shaped the genome of current RKN species and may account for the extreme adaptive capacities and parasitic success of these nematodes. ..\n- Genome-wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in nematodes, with a focus on the plant-parasitic species Meloidogyne incognitaPhilippe Castagnone-Sereno\nINRA UMR1301 UNSA CNRS UMR6243, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, Sophia Antipolis, France\nBMC Genomics 11:598. 2010..The recent completion of the genomes of several nematode species, including Meloidogyne incognita, a major agricultural pest worldwide, now opens the way for a comparative survey and analysis of microsatellites in these organisms...\n- Data-mining of the Meloidogyne incognita degradome and comparative analysis of proteases in nematodesPhilippe Castagnone-Sereno\nINRA UMR1301 UNSA CNRS UMR6243, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France\nGenomics 97:29-36. 2011..This comparative study should provide a framework for deciphering the diversity of protease-mediated functions in nematodes...\n- Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognitaPierre Abad\nINRA, UMR 1301, 400 Route des Chappes, F 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France\nNat Biotechnol 26:909-15. 2008..Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies...\n- The plant apoplasm is an important recipient compartment for nematode secreted proteinsPaulo Vieira\nINRA UMR 1301, CNRS UMR 6243, UNSA, 400 Route des Chappes, F 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France\nJ Exp Bot 62:1241-53. 2011..The study shows that the plant apoplasm acts as an important destination compartment for proteins secreted during migration and during sedentary stages of the nematode...\n- First insights into the genetic diversity of the pinewood nematode in its native area using new polymorphic microsatellite lociSophie Mallez\nINRA, UMR 1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Equipe Biologie des Populations Introduites, Sophia Antipolis, France\nPLoS ONE 8:e59165. 2013..The role of dispersal by the insect vector versus human activities in shaping this structure is discussed...\n- Proteins secreted by root-knot nematodes accumulate in the extracellular compartment during root infectionMarie Noelle Rosso\nINRA UMR 1301, CNRS UMR 6243, UNSA, Sophia Antipolis, France\nPlant Signal Behav 6:1232-4. 2011....\n- An immunocytochemical procedure for protein localization in various nematode life stages combined with plant tissues using methylacrylate-embedded specimensPaulo Vieira\nUniversite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France\nPhytopathology 102:990-6. 2012..Besides excellent epitope preservation, dissolution of methacrylate from tissue sections unmasks target proteins and thereby drastically increases antibody access...\n- Genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes from Brazil and development of SCAR markers specific for the coffee-damaging speciesOnivaldo Randig\nINRA, Unité Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, Antibes, France\nGenome 45:862-70. 2002..Therefore, it is concluded that the method developed here has potential for application in routine diagnostic procedures...\n- Towards specific diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes using DNA oligonucleotide microarray technology: a case study with the quarantine species Meloidogyne chitwoodiCecile François\nINRA, UMR 1064 IPMSV, BP167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France\nMol Cell Probes 20:64-9. 2006..chitwoodi as a test organism...\n- Satellite DNA as a target for TaqMan real-time PCR detection of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilusCecile François\nINRA, UMR1064 Interactions Plantes Microorganismes et Santé Végétale, 400 Route des Chappes, BP167, F 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France\nMol Plant Pathol 8:803-9. 2007..These results demonstrate the potential of this assay to provide rapid, accurate and sensitive molecular identification of the PWN in relation to pest risk assessment in the field and quarantine regulation...\n- The map-1 gene family in root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.: a set of taxonomically restricted genes specific to clonal speciesIva Tomalová\nFrench National Institute for Agriculture Research, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France\nPLoS ONE 7:e38656. 2012....\n- Characterization of a cDNA related to K-Cl Cotransporters in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognitaCedric Neveu\nINRA, Unité Interactions Plantes Microrganismes et Santé végétale, BP2078, Antibes, France\nDNA Seq 13:117-21. 2002..By analogy with known proteins, it is hypothesized that this gene is involved in the regulation of cell osmotic pressure to maintain nematode body fluids hyperosmotic to the environment...\n- Elucidating the molecular bases of epigenetic inheritance in non-model invertebrates: the case of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognitaLaetitia Perfus-Barbeoch\nINRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 1355 ISA Sophia Antipolis, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, UMR 7254 ISA Sophia Antipolis, France Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Universit de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA Sophia Antipolis, France\nFront Physiol 5:211. 2014..incognita development and its adaptation to plant hosts are under epigenetic control. Our pipeline should allow performing similar types of studies in any non-model organism...\n- High-throughput microsatellite isolation through 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing of enriched DNA librariesThibaut Malausa\nINRA, UMR 1301 IBSV INRA UNSA CNRS, 400 Route des Chappes, BP 167, 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France\nMol Ecol Resour 11:638-44. 2011..This method is expected to speed up the acquisition of high-quality genetic markers for nonmodel organisms...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "August 19, 2008\nUS tour shows corn crop yields in Ohio up, number of soy pods down\nCorn yields in Ohio are expected to climb this year while soybean pod counts drop and late plantings have put the crop in a tenuous situation, scouts on the eastern leg of the 2008 Pro Farmer Midwest Crop Tour said Monday (August 18, 2008).\nOfficials estimated the Ohio corn yield at an average 148.75 bushels per acre, up from the 2007 estimate of 144.31 bushels per acre.\nThe USDA in August estimated corn yield at 160 bushels per acre, which would be up from last year's total of 150 bushels per acre.\nThe tour does not compare its findings with the USDA's, relying instead on comparisons with its own past estimates.\nThe emphasis in Ohio was on yield \"potential,\" said Roger Bernard, director of the eastern leg of the tour and Pro Farmer news editor. Corn and soy fields varied widely on the tour, scouts reported.\nStill, considering what the crop has been through, \"it looks pretty good from the road\", Bernard said.\nBernard and other participants cited numerous examples of fields that have the potential to produce solid crops, but that will face yield losses if hit with an early frost or, in many cases, even a normal first frost. They said the crop appeared to be one to three weeks behind schedule.\nThe tour found an average Ohio soy count of 1,103.61 pods in a three-foot by three-foot square area, down from last year's tour estimate of 1,226.70. The tour does not make a soy yield estimate because so much of the soybean crop is still being made in August.\nThe tour will continue west Tuesday and will gather again in Bloomington, Ill., where officials will calculate corn yield and soybean pod count estimates for Indiana.\nScouts on several tours Monday reported unexpectedly dry conditions. An Iowa farmer and crop tour veteran noted a couple cornfields near the Indiana border where the ears appeared to have stopped growing because the crop ran out of moisture. He added that he did not see any moist fields along the way.\nHe noted that in some spots corn was \"firing,\" a condition in which the bottom of the stalk turns brown as the plant tries to survive stress from dry weather.\nBut Lou Arens, a commodity broker and tour veteran from Iowa, said he came into the tour skeptical of optimistic corn crop projections, but came away \"impressed\" with the state of the crop.\nCentral and north-central Ohio reported the lowest corn yield estimates, with 140.64 and 126.97 bushels per acre, respectively.\nSoybean pod counts were also highest in the western part of the state. Bernard said there was a lot of potential for Ohio's soybean crop, but that many of pods were just a quarter-inch in length and would need rainfall soon in order to thrive.\nThe tour include 12 routes on Tuesday. It will end in Austin, Minn., on Thursday night, and Pro Farmer will release its overall estimates, which include data collected from the tour, Friday at 10 a.m. EDT.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The feature of ZDHP601 are powerful and flexible in research activities, helping the experimenter to complete the experiment efficiently.\n- The effect of different spectrum on the same crop\nOn each floor, we plant a variety of crops with the same initial growth, and the temperature, humidity, culture fluid and other conditions are the same. Use the illumination independently controllable function of each layer of ZDHP601 to adjust the light of each layer to our desired value, including the spectrum (the percentage of PPF in all spectra in all spectra), light intensity. Like this we did five light comparison tests at once, and all other conditions are the same, this makes the experimental data convincing. On more planters, repeatable experiments with the same experiment. Because of the control of the planter, we are digital. Through the determined amount of control, It is easy to achieve consistent light output. What the user needs to do is to adjust the output of the device through the APP, no need to adjust any of the lines.\n- The effect of experimental spectrum and light intensity on different growth stages of crops\nUnder the same spectrum and light, let the crop grow uniformly to a designated stage. Then start grouping to implement different lighting for the experimental object. ZDHP601 can be in a 24-hour cycle, Divided into time periods, Give light of specified spectrum and light intensity for each time period. Set the spectrum and light intensity in advance, The planter will output according to the spectrum and light intensity set in advance, day to day , The result of the comparison came out.\n- Photoperiod and Flower induction experiments\nUnder natural conditions, due to the day and night cycle of 24 hours a day, the length of the day period and the length of the night period are complementary. Therefore there is critical day length, there must be a corresponding critical night length. The existence of a critical night length can also be observed by artificially changing the length of the dark period. ZDHP601 has a built-in clock chip, Each of its groups can have a separate light formula. They use time as the trigger to accurately set the start and end times of the light, as well as the light intensity and spectrum during that time. If we have enough groups, we can quickly verify the facts of regularity through a large number of parallel experiments. Because our equipment is operated according to the previous settings, their working status is completely based on our plan beforehand. So in the course of the experiment, we only pay attention to what we have to do, we can complete the experimental task efficiently and accurately.\nHydroponic planters also have some important features. Each of its features can bring you convenience and Increased efficiency. If you want to know more, please check the manual or click here. We will give you better service and professional answers.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pick up know-how for tackling diseases, pests and weeds.\nFarm bill, farm marketing, agribusiness webinars, & farm policy.\nFind tactics for healthy livestock and sound forages.\nScheduling and methods of irrigation.\nExplore our Extension locations around the state.\nCommercial row crop production in Arkansas.\nAgriculture weed management resources.\nUse virtual and real tools to improve critical calculations for farms and ranches.\nLearn to ID forages and more.\nExplore our research locations around the state.\nGet the latest research results from our county agents.\nOur programs include aquaculture, diagnostics, and energy conservation.\nKeep our food, fiber and fuel supplies safe from disaster.\nPrivate, Commercial & Non-commercial training and education.\nSpecialty crops including turfgrass, vegetables, fruits, and ornamentals.\nFind educational resources and get youth engaged in agriculture.\nGaining garden smarts and sharing skills.\nTimely tips for the Arkansas home gardener.\nCreating beauty in and around the home.\nMaintenance calendar, and best practices.\nCoaxing the best produce from asparagus to zucchini.\nWhat’s wrong with my plants? The clinic can help.\nFeatured trees, vines, shrubs and flowers.\nAsk our experts plant, animal, or insect questions.\nEnjoying the sweet fruits of your labor.\nHerbs, native plants, & reference desk QA.\nGrowing together from youth to maturity.\nCrapemyrtles, hydrangeas, hort glossary, and weed ID databases.\nGet beekeeping, honey production, and class information.\nGrow a pollinator-friendly garden.\nSchedule these timely events on your gardening calendar.\nEquipping individuals to lead organizations, communities, and regions.\nHome to the Center for Rural Resilience and Workforce Development.\nGuiding entrepreneurs from concept to profit.\nPosition your business to compete for government contracts.\nFind trends, opportunities and impacts.\nProviding unbiased information to enable educated votes on critical issues.\nIncrease your knowledge of public issues & get involved.\nResearch-based connection to government and policy issues.\nSupport Arkansas local food initiatives.\nRead about our efforts.\nPreparing for and recovering from disasters.\nLicensing for forestry and wildlife professionals.\nPreserving water quality and quantity.\nCleaner air for healthier living.\nFirewood & bioenergy resources.\nManaging a complex forest ecosystem.\nRead about nature across Arkansas and the U.S.\nLearn to manage wildlife on your land.\nSoil quality and its use here in Arkansas.\nLearn to ID unwanted plant and animal visitors.\nTimely updates from our specialists.\nEating right and staying healthy.\nEnsuring safe meals.\nTake charge of your well-being.\nCooking with Arkansas foods.\nMaking the most of your money.\nMaking sound choices for families and ourselves.\nNurturing our future.\nGet tips for food, fitness, finance, and more!\nUnderstanding aging and its effects.\nGiving back to the community.\nManaging safely when disaster strikes.\nListen to our latest episode!\nSearcy, Ark. –\nGetting children involved in gardening is an excellent way to share quality time with\nthem. You also have an opportunity to teach some basic botany and to instill a respect\nfor nature and the environment.\nThe key to holding children's interest is to make the activity fun and rewarding.\nBecause children are anxious to see the results of their labor, plant fast‑germinating\nseeds or work with transplants that are quick to flower or set fruit. Here are some\nideas to make gardening fun and fruitful for children.\nMake it tasty. Growing something a child can eat and also serve to grown‑ups creates special pride.\nSet aside a small plot ‑‑ a 4x4 patch is ample space ‑‑ for growing vegetables, fruits,\nor herbs for teas.\nMake it easy. Leaf lettuce, spinach, radishes, carrots, green beans, and cherry tomatoes are easy\nto grow and can be harvested in a few weeks. Strawberries are easy and fun to grow,\nand the flavor of the ripe berry is sweet.\nTap their creativity. Mark the rows in a child's garden with colorful drawings of the crop. Tape the drawing\nto a stake and protect it from the elements with a plastic bag.\nFeed the senses. Children love pretty flowers, especially if they smell good and are brightly colored.\nPlant seeds of moonflower vines and watch the large, fragrant white flowers unfurl\nat dusk each evening. Other favorite fragrant plants include dianthus, China pinks,\nscented geraniums, honeysuckle, and sweet peas. Zinnias and marigolds are bright and\neasy to grow from seed. Other fun flowers include snapdragons, hollyhocks, moneyplant,\nnasturtiums, and Johnny‑jump‑ups.\nGrow some drama. Children are fascinated with flamboyancy. They love plants that are huge and tower\nover their heads like okra. Showy flowers include 'Southern Belle' hibiscus, sunflowers,\nhybrid clematis, peonies, hybrid iris, dahlias, Joe‑Pye weed, and Oriental lilies.\nFind the lessons. Teach your child that a garden must be nurtured and cared for if it is to flourish.\nAs an adult, you should teach what needs to be done and help with the gardening chores\nbut allow your child to shoulder responsibility for his or her small plot.\nTake advantage of gardening information available online at https://www.uaex.uada.edu/yard-garden/default.aspx. The University of Arkansas System, Division of Agriculture is an equal opportunity/equal\naccess/affirmative action institution. For more information you can contact your local\ncounty extension service, you can also follow Sherri Sanders on Facebook @UADA.WhiteCountyAgriculture\nBy Sherri Sanders County Extension Agent - AgricultureThe Cooperative Extension ServiceU of A System Division of Agriculture\nMedia Contact: Sherri Sanders County Extension Agent - AgricultureU of A Division of AgricultureCooperative Extension Service2400 Old Searcy Landing Road, Searcy AR 72143 (501) 268-5394 email@example.com\nThe Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service is an equal opportunity/equal access/affirmative\naction institution. If you require a reasonable accommodation to participate or need\nmaterials in another format, please contact your County Extension office (or other\nappropriate office) as soon as possible. Dial 711 for Arkansas Relay. The Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons\nregardless of race, color, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, national origin,\nreligion, age, disability, marital or veteran status, genetic information, or any\nother legally protected status, and is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hailing from Pasir Puteh, a father to seven kids has hit the golden jackpot after his newfound hobby of planting papayas has managed to earn him over RM20,000 a month.\n66yo M’sian earns over RM20,000 from his hobby, planting papayas\nAccording to local newspaper Sinar Harian, Mohamed Omar shared that back in 2019, he had planted over 30 papaya trees as a way to kill time. As the papaya trees come into fruition, he was surprised to find out that the papayas were very fragrant and plump.\n“Many were asking for the papayas and soon enough the demand for my papayas have increased significantly”, he said.\nDue to the demand for his papayas, the ex-contractor hasn’t been able to take a breather. Seeing that it’s a great opportunity, Mohamed Omar then decided to go commercial by expanding his land to over 1.6 hectares. Starting with only 30 trees, Omar now owns over 2,500 papaya trees, producing up to 1,000kg papayas a day!\nHowever, despite producing up to 1,000kg of papayas a day, he revealed that it isn’t enough to fulfill local needs. Other than supplying papayas to the locals, he also operates a stall by the roadside selling papayas at RM10 for 3kg.\nNot as easy as it seems\nWhen asked about the challenges he faced, the man shared that growing the papaya trees require certain knowledge as the tress can get diseases that’ll impact the fruits.\n“Especially during the monsoon season, the rain will cause the papayas to break down easily”, he added.\nHe also revealed that back in 2023, he had lost tens and thousands of ringgits as the crops were flooded. As for the life expectancy of the tree, he mentioned that a papaya tree could live up to 3 years, bearing fruits constantly. With the help of RISDA (Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority), Omar is able to expand further.\n“I’m willing to share my expertise to those who are interested in venturing into this industry”, he said, adding that his son will be assisting him with his work.\nWe’re happy to see that Omar is able to find a job that is not only his passion project but also help sustain his family’s livelihood! All the best in your ventures Omar!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Klass closing in on her Ph.D. on pathogens that infect and impact vegetable crops\nWhen Taylor Klass (WC ’14) was in middle school, her parents thought sending her to The Country School Farm’s week-long summer camp would be splendid. Set in Holmes County, the summer camp allowed participants to experience what it was like to be on a working farm in the 1800s.\nWhile the camp forbade cell phones, computers, and video games, it offered campers the chance to do many old-fashioned farm duties.\n“We did chores like rolling bales of hay down from the field, churning butter, and shucking corn,” Klass recalled with a laugh. “You also got to hang out with all of the farm animals.\n“I fell in love with it, so much so that I came back for the next two summers.”\nYears after learning to appreciate agriculture and animals, Klass is a United States Department of Agriculture NIFA Predoctoral Fellow and Ph.D. candidate at The Ohio State University’s Department of Plant Pathology. Her research is focused on diagnostics and diversity of bacterial plant pathogens that infect and impact vegetable crops.\n“Very generally speaking, I’m a ‘plant doctor,’” said Klass, who is scheduled to graduate in August 2023. “I research diseases that impact food crops and reduce crop yield. Plants and crops get sick from a wide range of pathogens, similar to how people get sick.\n“My research is focused on two specific bacterial pathogens that cause significant disease on pepper and tomato plants globally. After I finish my Ph.D., I want to pursue a career in agricultural extension, translating the research knowledge to the growers who can put it to use on their farms.”\nIn 2018, Klass was selected as one of the top 20 outstanding seniors in the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences at The Ohio State University. Her studies have taken her to Uganda, Cambodia, Senegal, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.\n“Growing up in Worthington, I didn’t know that agriculture was a possible field of study until my junior year of high school,” said Klass, who has undergraduate degrees in Animal Sciences and Sustainable Plant Systems-Agronomy. “I’m always advocating for kids who grow up in the city to know that agriculture is not only a career option, but it’s a growing field.\n“We don’t have enough people coming out with degrees related to agriculture to fill all the open jobs. Once I found out that you could study that, that’s what I wanted to do, which led me to Ohio State.”\nBefore COVID, Klass collected stamps from different countries in her passport. As a freshman, she spent ten days in a rural, coffee-growing community in Nicaragua to learn about coffee production.\nIn 2019, she spent several months overseas. In January, she visited farms, cooperatives, conservation areas, and plantations in Guatemala to study sustainability, social impact, land use, and disease management practices there. She took an advanced crop improvement short course in Senegal in October and November. While there, she created a podcast about Senegalese rice farmers’ perceptions of new varieties and gene editing. She closed out the year visiting farmers and working in Cambodia’s USAID Integrated Pest Management Innovation Lab Project.\nKlass’ favorite trip was spending three months as a principal investigator for a resource project in Kampala, Uganda, in 2017. She surveyed ten urban and peri-urban dairy farmers about cow management. She studied the feeding techniques, milk output, and milk end-use and presented her findings to the Ohio State community upon returning.\n“It was a wonderful experience,” said Klass, who lived with 20 graduate students from all over Africa. “They became my good friends, and I still talk with many of them five years later. They cared for me, made me feel at home, and showed me around.”\nThe experience was far more primitive than the Country School Farm summer camp. The housing she and the other students stayed in was temporarily without running water for most of her summer there, requiring students to carry large amounts of water back to their housing.\n“We took a lot of bucket showers, and we had to put water in the toilets to get them to flush,” Klass said. “But I didn’t mind it. I loved every minute of it.”\nKlass is used to adjusting to new environments. After being home-schooled until she entered ninth grade, Klass came to Worthington Christian for high school.\nKlass said at first, it wasn’t an easy transition to a school where everyone knew each other for most of their lives. However, she has many fond memories of attending school there.\n“I am thankful for my time at Worthington Christian. It did prepare me well for the structure of college,” Klass said. “There were some wonderful teachers at WC, and there was an emphasis on learning and loving what you learn.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We care about the future of our planet and our people. We are aware that by 2050, the world needs to feed 2 billion people more than now, an enourmous challenge. At FrieslandCampina Kievit we set ourselves challenging sustainability goals in line with FrieslandCampina’s purpose 'Nourishing by Nature'. We passionately work on better nutrition for the world, a good living for our farmers, now and for generations to come.\nProviding sustainable solutions\nFrieslandCampina Kievit aims to provide the highest levels of sustainable ingredients to our customers, with a unique portfolio of premium products. We partner with our customers in achieving their defined sustainability ambitions and we're more than interested in collaborating with customers and other partners in the value chain with the view to building a more sustainable future.\nKey objectives for our supply chain include the purchase of raw materials from sustainable cultivation. Key for FrieslandCampina Kievit is the sourcing of sustainable palm oil. We strongly believe that this is of added value for now and generations to come. FrieslandCampina is an early member of the RSPO board and FrieslandCampina Kievit positions in the market as frontrunner by sourcing Palm Oil SG for its Food Ingredients portfolio for the pastry & decoration, desserts and savoury markets.\nIn production key objectives include energy and waste water reduction by working smarter and more efficiently. We have implemented an Energy Efficiency and water-reduction Plan in our plants. The aim is to achieve climate-neutral growth and reduce the use of scarce natural resources in line with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. That's how we focus on future generations.\nWe offer both palm free and palm sustain solutions\nGlobally, consumers feel personal accountability to address social and environmental issues related to food production. The worldwide demand is moving towards products with a sustainable palm source and/or a palm-free source. At FrieslandCampina Kievit, we offer both solutions: palm free and palm sustain.\nFrieslandCampina Kievit moving towards RPSO SG\nFor sustainable palm we use RSPO certificated palm oil, palm kernel and palm based emulsifiers, moving from RSPO MB more and more towards RSPO SG certification. In 2017 we can proudly state that our Vana-Grasa,-Crema and -Monte portfolios for the pastry & decoration, desserts and savoury market are RSPO SG.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Read full article by K Srinivas Rao @ The Hindu Photo Credit: Climate SouthAsia Network\nThe Indravathi millet has more nutritious value, says scientist\nVizianagaram Agriculture Research Station Principal Scientist (Plant Pathology) T.S.S.K. Patro said that the new finger millet variety called Indravathi has more nutritious value and is suitable for both Rabi and Kharif seasons.\nHe said the new variety had become highly popular in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and other States within a few months of being released.\n“Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been health-conscious and are eating more millets to boost their immunity. In this backdrop, the release of Indravathi variety has come as a timely move as it has more iron, calcium and zinc and other nutritious contents. The farmers also get more yield compared to other varieties. That is why we have been promoting it extensively in tribal and rural areas of both Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts. Pest problem too will be minimised with this variety,” Dr. Patro said.\nAccording to him, it is resistant to finger blast, neck blast, foot rot and banded blight. It is also resistant to defoliators (grass hoppers and grey weevil), ear head caterpillar and aphids. The research station, which has been concentrating on millet since 1986, has released nearly 15 varieties including White Ragi. It has been supplying seeds to many farmers of L.N. Peta, Sithampet, Palakonda of Srikakulam district and Vepada of Vizianagaram district.\nSenior Scientist N. Anuradha, Scientist Y. Sandhya Rani and Agronomist V. Triveni and others have been conducting training programmes for them both in the Agriculture Research Station and Fields, according to Dr. Patro.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Moving on Up\nAhmed A. Azad lays out the path to Bangladesh becoming a middle-income nation within the next decade\nMUNIR UZ ZAMAN\nIn recent months the local media has been inundated with news items and discussions on the adverse effects of global recession and climate change on Bangladesh's economic growth. Various pundits and experts have voiced what needs to be done to climb out of the pool of least developed countries and join the ranks of the middle-income nations.\nPoverty remains Bangladesh's biggest concern and cannot be alleviated without ensuring food, health, energy, and environmental security. This is a very difficult undertaking in a country with scarce fuel and energy reserves, a very unfavourable people-to-land ratio, and prone to periodic natural disasters. The overall situation is expected to worsen as a result of global warming and climate change, the portents of which are already in evidence.\nOn the positive side, many of the macro-economic indicators for Bangladesh are positive and Bangladesh has made more progress in social welfare. Bangladesh is also one of a small number of countries that have ridden the impact of the international economic recession fairly well mainly on the back of foreign currency reserves generated by the ready made garments (RMG) and manpower export sectors.\nIn comparison to most developing countries, Bangladesh has a proud academic heritage and a small but significant reservoir of highly trained professionals and academics (resident and expatriate) whose expertise could be readily utilised in development activities.\nBangladesh can, therefore, be considered to be a prime candidate for elevation to the status of a middle-income nation. So what measures need to be taken to speed this along?\nThe governor of Bangladesh Bank has said that Bangladesh can become a middle-income country (increase of annual per capita income from current $690 to over $1,000) within four years if this year's GDP growth rate of 5.9 per cent is sustained.\nHis strategy for continued economic growth and poverty reduction is to be implemented through selective and easily accessible soft loans to the most affected sections of society.\nThis proposed loan scheme for the economically and socially disadvantaged rural population is to be lauded, but on its own will it be enough to attain middle-income status or sustainable economic development if the required technology and infrastructure is missing?\nIn order to climb out of the LDC pool, Bangladesh's developments efforts need to be multi-pronged but directed primarily to strengthening its rural economy, conserving its environment and bio-diversity, and greatly expanding its export sector into niche areas of existing strength.\nBangladesh must also make full and proper use of all the economic concessions allowed to it as a member of the LDC group including intellectual property (patent) holiday it enjoys till 2016. It should lessen its over dependence on the export of RMG and manpower that remain highly vulnerable to the vagaries of the international market and which in essence are based on exploitation of vulnerable sections of society.\nIn addition to these two well established sectors, Bangladesh should diversify and expand its export base through additional initiatives such as rebuilding the traditional manufacturing capacity for jute and jute products, and investing in the manufacture of modern pharmaceuticals an area where it is already internationally competitive and has the potential of becoming Bangladesh's number one export through further investment in research and technology.\nThe government must also build the technological know-how and infrastructure that will allow the development agenda to be locally driven and implemented in areas where most needed. Our policy makers also need to realise and believe that sustainable development is not possible without excellence in technical and higher education and scientific and technological (S&T) proficiency. I will use the example of jute to illustrate the point.\nThrough the use of modern technology jute could become a trump card for Bangladesh if genomic studies lead to the identification and incorporation of genetic traits that result in improved fibre quality and generation of new varieties able to withstand environmental and biological stresses.\nEven though this is a fairly long-term research and development project the agriculture minister has personally intervened to provide the initial research funding to start the collaboration. This is just the beginning and much more funding is required over time. If successful this technology-driven project would ensure that Bangladesh will regain its premier position as an exporter of jute and jute products and this could bring about radical changes to the rural economy and industrial landscape.\nHigher education and S&T proficiency do not come cheap but ignorance and persistent backwardness is much more costly for any country. I will not dwell on this here as I have previously discussed in detail what Bangladesh can learn from the experiences of others and what measures it needs to take to become internationally competitive in higher education and research (Forum, Sept 2009).\nThe most effective way of making the best use of higher education and scientific research for national development, in terms of cost and productivity, is the establishment of at least one postgraduate research university that focuses on areas of the highest national priority and helps to foster and coordinate multidisciplinary and multi-institutional collaborations between currently disparate and geographically separated research groups that possess complementary expertise and facilities. This will be dealt with in detail in a future article.\nSo where is the money coming from to fund the required improvement in higher education and S&T proficiency? How can scientists and academics be induced to collaborate and coordinate their activities in the absence of serious political will and lack of coordination between relevant government ministries and departments? What are the strategies and mechanisms for delivering the fruits of higher education and research to the sections of populations and regions of the country that need it most? These are very important questions for the government and policy makers to ponder and find an answer to if the desire to realise Vision 2021 is serious.\nAs a resource-poor, cash-strapped, and S&T-lagging country it is very important for Bangladesh to coordinate activities and pool resources and expertise in technology-driven development projects. Not only is there very little interaction between the government, academia and industry, but also negligible coordination between government departments and sometimes within sections of the same ministry.\nThe prime minister herself has raised concerns about this national weakness. The cabinet must show political will and develop and implement procedures for coordinating technology-driven development efforts, and identify the lead ministry or department for each major project. This is especially critical for multi-institutional research collaborations as the potential partners in academic and research centres fall under the jurisdiction of different ministries.\nLack of funds for R&D in Bangladesh is more a perception than reality. The total amount available may be miniscule compared to the R&D budgets of our immediate neighbours but even the limited amount can make a difference if it is not spread too thin and if the spending is coordinated and focused into development projects of highest national priority.\nA substantial amount of funds are already available from the UGC for enhancement of post-graduate research capacity, and from other government departments for addressing national priorities such as food, energy and environmental security.\nIn many cases the individual grants are too small to make an impact and often funding for the same activity is provided by different government bodies leading to unnecessary duplication and lack of funding for other important components of the same project.\nIt would be very helpful if different government departments coordinated their activities when tackling common projects and provided different but complementary funding for different components of the same project.\nFor achieving increased productivity it would also be strategically important to use the funding mechanism to encourage multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional collaboration as no individual research group or institution in Bangladesh is likely to possess the full range of expertise and facilities needed for success. Is this plea for changes to the traditional way of doing things too much to ask from a government that takes pride in calling itself a \"din bodoler shorkar\"?\nAs an LDC and as one of the countries most prone to the adverse effects of global warming Bangladesh is likely to receive a substantial amount of the climate change funds promised by the developed countries.\nWhile it is understandable that a major portion of the climate change funds will go towards mitigation and some towards environmental adaptation, it would be a big mistake if a substantial amount is not reserved to build the S&T capacity needed to produce food crops resistant to environmental stresses and for the adoption and roll out of green technologies that reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and chemical fertilisers and pesticides.\nAnd not all technologies need to be either high end or long term. The main objectives of all these technology-driven development activities should be to permanently alleviate poverty and help the people living on the land.\nMost of the people in Bangladesh live in villages and in small country towns and it is their sweat and labour that forms the backbone of our economy. Undeniably there has been some reduction in poverty over the years.\nBut even now a substantial portion (44 per cent) of the rural population lives below the poverty line. Lack of land, periodic harvest failures, frequent natural and environmental disasters, and lack of employment opportunities have forced many rural Bangladeshis to migrate to the already overcrowded cities or seek employment in foreign countries.\nA very substantial proportion (about 40 per cent) of the urban population is also classified as poor and most of them have been forced out of their village homes because of lack of development in rural areas.\nAn overwhelming majority of city-based garment workers (mostly female) and migrant labourers, who are responsible for almost all of our foreign exchange earnings, originate from the rural areas and for family and social support would prefer to live and work in or near their village homes.\nPockets of extreme poverty (landless, unemployed and casual labour) exist within the populations of the rural and urban poor and employment opportunities need to be created for them in their own rural setting.\nConsidering the above it makes sense that a majority of the development activities, including technology-driven ones, are decentralised not only to create employment in the rural communities but to also save the cities, especially Dhaka, from self-strangulation.\nIn spite of the doubling of the population since independence and drastic decrease in arable land due to urbanisation, Bangladesh remains almost self sufficient in food production due largely to the very hardworking and resourceful farming community and the development and introduction of high-yielding hybrid varieties of food crops by our agricultural scientists.\nThe prime minister has called upon the agricultural scientists to make use of technology to increase food production so that Bangladesh becomes a net exporter of food in the near future. It is really encouraging for the research community to have the prime minister's moral support.\nHowever, I do not know how far she has been made aware of the inadequacy of contemporary cutting-edge technologies and expertise required to comply with her request, the absolute need for multidisciplinary research to achieve desired results, and the disconnect that unfortunately exists between the agricultural scientists and researchers in other scientific disciplines.\nCurrently technologies used by agricultural scientists have mostly reached the limits of their capability in increasing food production and new genetic technologies need to be employed not only to produce higher yielding crops but, due to the impending climate change, new varieties that are also resistant to salinity, drought, flooding and biological infections.\nThe development of some of the new strains of food and cash crops will definitely require increased R&D expenditure and increased interaction and collaboration between agricultural scientists and scientists in other disciplines in order to build the required capacities and competencies in all relevant technologies (and not ICT alone).\nDevelopment activities in the agricultural sector do not have to wait till the new \"super\" crop varieties become available as new strains with some improved traits are being continually developed using currently used plant tissue culture and hybrid technologies. Unfortunately the high yielding rice varieties in cultivation today require inordinately large amounts of fertilisers, irrigation water and pesticides. Urea, the main fertiliser used, is produced directly from our valuable but limited supply of natural gas.\nThe pumping of irrigation water puts a strain on our overstretched electricity grid. Chemical pesticides and chemical fertilisers poison the land, waterways and the atmosphere. So for the production of the high yielding food crops we pay a huge price in terms of energy expenditure and environmental pollution.\nIt is thus essential to find and utilise alternative sources of energy and non-polluting fertilisers and pesticides. This can be readily initiated through widespread application of existing technologies that are already in sporadic use in Bangladesh. These technologies can be further improved and made suitable for commercialisation through R&D in our academic and research institutions.\nPlanned management of agricultural and household waste and setting up of village cooperatives could result in the production of adequate amounts of eco-friendly and nutritionally-enriched bio-fertilisers that would lessen the need for urea and therefore prevent unnecessary waste of our valuable natural gas reserves.\nMicro-biologists and fermentation technologists in the academic institutions and research centres could carry out development research to improve the production and quality of the bio-fertilisers, and decrease the cost of production, to enable its large scale manufacture in rural areas.\nAgricultural waste and unwanted vegetation (not food grains) could also become the source of valuable bio-fuels as replacement for expensive imported petroleum products. Already enzymatic and chemical processes have been discovered for the conversion of lignocellulose and other complex carbohydrates into alcohol.\nOur own natural bio-diversity could be the source of even more effective enzymes for this process. This could be a very important area for post-graduate research and academic-industry partnership in Bangladesh.\nPlanned management of animal waste, and setting up cooperative production units in villages and around animal farms, could lead to adequate supplies of bio-gas for domestic use in rural areas and also for generation of electricity needed for the operation of irrigation pumps.\nIn this case also R&D in the academic and research institutions could lead to improved gas production at lower costs making it feasible to set up large-scale production units in rural areas.\nUse of solar energy for electricity production has great potential in Bangladesh if the cost could be reduced. Currently used single occupancy units, which have brought limited electricity to areas that never had it before, are neither cost effective nor efficient. It would be much more efficient if solar panels on individual rooftops or in arrays in communal areas could be connected into local electricity grids.\nThe cost could be drastically reduced if the solar panels, which are currently imported and then assembled in Bangladesh, were fully manufactured locally. Bangladesh has the technical capability to do this.\nIn addition the development of cheaper and more efficient photovoltaic cells should be a priority area for postgraduate research in Bangladesh. Large-scale manufacture and assembly of solar panels and development of local electricity grids could not only electrify previously deprived remote areas but also relieve pressure on the national electricity grid. SME for the manufacture and assembly of solar panels could be established in rural areas all over the country thus creating much needed jobs.\nThe above are just a very few examples of how current technologies, supported by locally conducted R&D, could help to improve food production and in the establishment of eco-friendly industries (SME) in rural areas that can contribute to providing food, energy and environmental security and at the same time create badly needed employment opportunities in rural areas. These technologies are already in sporadic use and their applications could be readily expanded to cover the entire nation.\nMUNIRA MORSHED MUNN\nThe adoption of green technologies in Bangladesh will help to reduce emission of green house gases and, therefore, create a positive impression on international donors. This should make it more likely for a larger proportion of the climate change funds to be allocated to Bangladesh.\nHowever, the allocated funds must be condition free and the development agenda must be strictly need-driven and not donor-driven. On no account should the funds be squandered on highly paid consultants nominated by donor agencies if the required expertise can be accessed from within the Bangladeshi resident and expatriate scientific community.\nThe government would be well advised not to use all of the funding received for fighting climate change on mitigation measures alone but use a substantial portion for supporting research for production of food and cash crops resistant to the adverse effects of global warming, and for the establishment of green technology-dependent industries that help to reduce the carbon footprint.\nThe establishment of these SME in rural areas should be a priority target for the public private partnerships proposed by the government. Expatriate workers would also be likely to invest in industries set up in and around their home villages. The banks could also make available some of their reportedly huge unutilised reserves.\nThe establishment of the above eco-friendly production units in rural areas would greatly benefit from a strong and functional local government system that could work without political interference with the local officials of relevant government departments.\nThe R&D required for the production of salt, flood and drought-tolerant and infection- resistant agricultural crops, and for the industrial production of bio-fertilisers, bio-gas, bio-fuels, solar energy and other green energies requires partnerships between research institutions and relevant industries, and coordination of complementary efforts between different ministries.\nMoney is definitely not a stumbling block to success if there is political will and coordination and cooperation at different levels. Is it too much to ask for such coordination of efforts and pooling of resources in the national interest?\nAhmed A. Azad is TWAS Research Professor at the Centre for Advanced Scientific Research at Dhaka University. The views expressed are the authors own.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We are here for your questions anytime 24/7, welcome your consultation.Get Price\nSugar cane roller wholesale roller suppliers - alibaba a wide variety of sugar cane roller options are available to you such as paid samples there are 805 sugar cane roller suppliers mainly located in asia the top supplying countries or regions are china philippines and india which supply 95 4 and 1 of sugar cane roller.\nSand and stone production line is mainly composed of vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, impact crusher, vibrating screen, belt conveyor and centrally electronic control and the designed yield is generally 50-800t/h.\nPowder grinding production line is widely used for making powders in the industries of mine, power plant, chemistry, building material, metallurgy, refractory, desulfuration in power station, pitch mixing station and highway and the granularity of the final products can be adjusted in the range of 20-3250 Mesh.\nSand making plant is a professional production line to produce building sand and stone. It can make a variety of rock, sand and gravel, river pebbles into various size construction sand, sandy uniform particle size.\nAggregate crushing plant commonly consists of stone crusher machine, screening machine, feeding machine, belt conveyor, sand making(optional),etc. It is widely used to provide high quality aggregate for construction, building, highway, road, etc.\nWe have the ability to built 300t/d-3000t/d cement production line independently, And has extensive experience in the design and construction, built many cement plant.\nThe commonly seen ore beneficiation plant includes ore flotation separation plant, which is widely used to process gold ore, copper ore, zinc ore, lead ore, etc. The other is magnetic separation production line, which is widely used to process iron ore, manganese ore, etc.\nGypsum powder production line mainly consists of gypsum crushing machine, gypsum powder grinding mill, bucket elevator, electromagnetic vibrating feeder, etc.\nFlotation separation production line is mainly composed of jaw crusher, ball mill, spiral classifier,flotation machine, mixer, ore concentrator,rotary dryer,vibrating feeder,vibrating screen,etc. The product configuration can be adjusted according to specific situation. It is usually to process copper ore, gold ore, zinc ore, lead ore, etc.\nQuality cane sugar mill on sale - you can find cane sugar mill from the most reliable suppliers on china.cn. ... sugar cane mill for sale spherical roller bearing 239670x1caf3w33x 670 x 920 x 170 mm 343 kg. price 1 ... sugar cane crushing millsugar crushing machineoyster shell crushing machine. price 500 - 90,000 set min.order 1.\nChina sugar cane crusher manufacturers - select 2020 high quality sugar cane crusher products in best price from certified chinese wood crusher manufacturers, cutting machine suppliers, wholesalers and factory on made-in-china.com, page.\nCane crushing mill with planetary gearbox 50 to 2000 tcd ask price specifications - diamond engineering works has been a cherished name in the field of sugar plantsugar milljaggery plantmini sugar plants across the length and breadth of.\nWe export type 1 heavy duty sugarcane crusher with all standard accessories to operate the machine easily. our type 2 sugar cane crushers is 3 rollers, double roller, and horizontal sugar cane crusher. they can be operated using electric motor or diesel.\nThe sugarcane mill uses the pressure chute that allows the feeder rollers to rotate at higher peripheral speed resulting in higher crushing capacity at lowest possible mill speed. the feed roller can be removed without disturbing the pressure feeder assembly. the mill of the present invention requires less.\nSugar cane crusher with planetary pioneers in the industry, we offer sugar cane crusher with cane carrier bagasse carrier, sugarcane crusher for jaggery making extra heavy king size, heavy duty sugarcane crusher om kailash no 3 with planetary gear box and sugarcane crushing machine from.\nAnother effective and efficient mill drive is the shaft mounted electro-mechanical drive arrangement. these units provide a compact and highly flexible option to drive and control a modern sugar cane crushing mill. shaft mounted planetary gear units are used to transmit drive motion directly from the motor to the roller shaft at the required.\nUsed sugar cane preparation, used sugar equipment. used new walkers 78 x 40 6-roller mill 2 of 7200 tpd cane crushing plant. 3 crushing rolls and 3 hydraulic operated feeding rolls. the mill is driven by 1000 hp, elliott steam turbine. get.\nSmall business sugar cane crushing mill,sugar cane roller,industrial sugar cane mill for sale. sugarcane juice extractor main parts adopt stainless steel, health, fast and convenient, easy to operate.the sugarcane juice extractor by pressing the sugar cane juice, is a pure natural green flavor drinks, sweet cool,rich nutrition.suitable for hotel ,fruit shop,soda fountain,schools, parks and.\nA the sugarcane crusher mills consists of three roller mills, grooved rollers with under feed toothed roller and donnelly type chutes for feeding of fiberized cane to mill. the roller would be of coarse grain cast iron .the cast iron shell would be hot shrunk on forged steel shaft .all the.\nSide plates are mounted on the base frame provided with the mill. mill roller shall be cast iron to be fitted on tested m.s. shaft conforming to en-8 or equivalent is standard. size of roller 10.5 dia. x 12 length nominal size. 3- c.i. roller, 1-mill, a- roller dia - 267 mm length - 305 mm, b- roller dia - 267 mm length - 305.\nSugarcane crushers we are a leading manufacturer of 100 tcd sugarcane crushing plant, 30 tcd sugarcane crusher with planetary gear box motor, extra heavy sugarcane crusher king size double mill with planetary gear box, heavy duty sugarcane crusher om kailash no. 2, heavy sugarcane crusher for jaggery plant sugar mill machinery om kailash gujarat and hydraulic sugarcane crusher 75 tcd from.\nSugar cane crusher heavy duty - youtube. feb 28, 2015 our sugar cane crusher use for jaggery plant, sugar factory sugar cane crusher juice vendor. crushing capacity 600 kgs to 2000 kgs per hour it can be run on electric motor or diesel.\nHeavy duty sugar cane crusher. type 2 sugar cane crusher is 3 rollers, double roller, horizontal sugar cane crusher. this machine is specifically designed to give uniformity, higher extraction and considerably greater output for commercial applications. output capacity indicated in.\nCane crushing roller . home cane crushing roller. sugar cane crusher | ebay. ... type 1 sugar cane crusher is 3 rollers, double roller, horizontal sugar cane juice extracting machine. get price patent us4989305 sugar cane mill roller try the new google patents,.\nSugar cane crusherusa for sale - youtube. apr 7, 2014 ... more about sugar cane crusherusa for sale, please ... offered by s. a. ivy pumps private limited,looking for sugar cane mill for sale ... of manual sugar cane juicer, manual sugarcane crusher, 3 roller type.\nWe manufacture the cane crushing mill for sugar industryjaggery plant alcohol plant etc. we have a very wide range of cane crushing mill. i.e. from 50 tcd to 2000.\nSix rollers automatic electric sugar cane crushing . 3 roller sugar cane crusher machine from amrutha machines. caf bar. get all kinds of sugarcane machines and sugar cane extractor madeout of.\nSugar cane roller wholesale, roller suppliers - alibaba. a wide variety of sugar cane roller options are available to you, such as paid samples. there are 805 sugar cane roller suppliers, mainly located in asia. the top supplying countries or regions are china, philippines, and india, which supply 95, 4, and 1 of sugar cane roller.\nSugarcane crushing commences at mysugar. 20180821 sugarcane crushing operations at the state-owned mysore sugar company ltd mysugar for 2018-19 commenced here on mondaymn ajay nagabhushan, managing director of the mill, and other officials.\nKeywords sugar cane diffusion crushing mill sugar cane industry introduction in the 2014-2015 harvest the world sugar cane agroindustry was responsible for producing 155.7 million tons of sugar brazil the largest producer in the world yielded 35.8 million tons . chat online sugar cane mill roller sugar cane mill roller suppliers.\nCane mill ebay. find great deals on ebay for cane mill. shop with confidence. skip to main content. ebay logo manual sugar cane press juicer millcrusher machine industrial home 10 tons. brand new. 186.36. top rated plus. 1 product rating small vtg dry squid iron hand press cast extractor sugar cane mill juicer fg. 155.00.get.\nSugar mill rollers, , . dimpled roller shells -these increase surface friction for better division of elements of the raw material perforated roller shells -these are used for maximum extraction of cane juice, so that the level of output is not reduced other types top, bottom and underfeed roller shells as an experienced supplier.\nAre You Looking for A Consultant?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Stones and rock fragments are typically found within soil profiles across various landscapes. However, knowledge on, and understanding of, their impact on hydraulic functions and processes are still lacking. Specifically, the presence of stones within the soil profile may increase water storage and availability to vegetation and reduce plant mortality in drylands. However, physically-based testing of stones effect on soil water budget components is overlooked. Experiments under laboratory conditions from soil columns, with two volume content t levels and two sizes of stones, were carried out in this research. Our results reveal that stoniness reduces the duration of stage-1 evaporation (S1) and consequently the overall cumulative evaporation, proportionally to their volumetric content and to the initial soil water content. The effect of stone size on evaporation was minor during S1 but was more pronounced during stage-2 (S2) — when the evaporation front migrates downward — with smaller stones reducing evaporation more than the larger ones. A recent evaporation model, assuming that transient evaporation is a succession of steady state solutions, was applied to explain the 2-phases evaporation process in a stony profile. The model results indicate that apart from changing the effective porosity of the soil profile by replacing a soil volume by stones, stoniness affects mainly the hydraulic conductivity function but practically not the water retention curve. Stoniness induced an increase in the tortuosity-related parameters compared with those of the stone-free soil. This observation was strengthened by the fact that both measured and modelled data reveal that stoniness has not affected the downward movement of the water table level during drying. Although we tested two stone sizes only and further experiments are required for a broader understanding, we suggest that the outcoming insights may improve estimates of water budget components in stony soil profiles and their response to global climatic changes.\n- Stones in the soil profile reduce the duration of stage-1 and the cumulative evaporation proportionally to their volumetric content.\n- Stoniness does not practically affect the water retention curve but mainly its hydraulic conductivity function.\n- The size of the stones has a minor effect on evaporation, with small stones slightly more reducing evaporation than the larger ones.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Water Science and Technology", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sheboygan County Tree & Shrub Program\n◀ Back to all trees\nPerennial forage mix designed for frost seeding or over seeding into new or existing food plots.\nLadino Clover 33% Medium Red Clover 33% Alsike Clover 33%\nPlanting Dates: April 1- June 15, August 1- Sept 15th. May be frost seeded.\nSeeding Rate 8-10 lbs. per acre", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When fall rolls around I make myself busy with harvesting the garden, putting up tomatoes and pickles and apples, making cider, starting to brew beer again when the weather cools off. This kimchi is an end-of-season ferment, made from some of the last crop harvests and walk-in cleaning projects.\nHand taste, the flavor food carries from everyone that touches it, has always spoken to me. This beautiful kimchi feels very special to me through the people that have touched it – late fall shishito, scallions, daikon, watermelon radish, and napa cabbage from Yellow House Farm and Calvert’s Gift Farm. I first tasted it with the full harvest moon! It feels like a fitting harvest summary as the season turns to winter, and it’s delicious!\nEnd of Season Kimchi\nNote: The recipe below makes two gallons–a large batch for serious kimchi eaters to last the winter or give as gifts!\n- 6 heads napa cabbage\n- 2 pounds leeks\n- 2 quarts shishito pepper\n- 1 pound turnips (hakurei and/or purple-topped)\n- 1 pound radishes (watermelon and/or daikon)\n- 1 bulb garlic\n- 4-inch piece ginger\n- 2 pears\n- 1/4 cup miso (plus more to taste)\n- 1/4 cup chile flake (plus more to taste)\n- Cut the cabbage into 1- to 2-inch squares, discarding the core. Wash the cabbage in a large colander or a few changes of water. Peel and thinly slice the turnips and radishes into rounds. Wash and trim the roots from the leeks and slice into thin rounds. Combine all these vegetables in a large pot, bowl, or clean bucket.\n- Mix a 2-3% brine, enough to cover the vegetables. Cover the container and soak in the brine overnight. Note: you can create a ferment without soaking and draining, but this process will help achieve a more traditional kimchi texture, and you won’t wind up with as much kimchi liquid, rather, more concentrated paste flavor! I think it’s worth the extra steps.\n- The next day, drain off the brine and gently press extra moisture from the vegetables. Here, you’re aiming to get the vegetables to a slightly limp state where they have lost some of their water, but not press them so hard that they become soft, very bruised, or torn. When you have drained most of the moisture from the veg, add it back to the large bowl you were using. Cut the tops from the shishitos and slice them into rounds – and add to the bowl.\n- Now, make the paste. Peel the ginger and garlic. Roughly chop the ginger to break up the fibers. Core the pears. Combine the ginger, garlic, pears, miso, and chili flakes in a food processor and blend until smooth.\n- Add the paste to the bowl of veg and mix and massage the paste onto the veg, stirring, scrunching, squeezing, and mixing until the vegetables are evenly coated all over. Taste some! Add more salt if needed – it should taste just saltier than you would prefer to eat raw. You can also add more chili flakes for more spice, keeping in mind the spice will slightly amplify during fermentation.\n- Once well mixed, pack into a fermentation vessel like a crock or large jar. Weight the top with crock weights or a double-bagged ziplock with some brine inside. Loosely secure a lid to allow gas to escape, and ferment at room temperature for 10-18 days, starting to check at ten days for your preferred level of fermentation flavor. Once it has fermented to your liking, move to the fridge for the most stable flavor – under refrigeration the kimchi will stay fresh and crunchy for 6+ months.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The time of year comes when the garden becomes more colorful and that is why today we will deal with the ideal plants to grow in spring and summer, those that will give us that wonderful range of colors that we can enjoy while we contemplate the sunset.\nThe prettiest ones\nOne of the typical summer plants is lavender not only for its properties and aroma but also because its flowers are very attractive, ideal for ornamentation with its pale violet color and long silhouette. Lavender needs sun exposure and is not demanding in water, since a weekly watering will suffice.\nAnother flower that you can grow in the spring and summer is the hyacinth, which comes in several shades so you can play with them and combine several hyacinths to enjoy the colors, from white to pink or purple. Hyacinths need light and well-drained soil and have the virtue of continuing to develop in winter if they are in perfect condition.\nLilies are typical of the summer season. I know they look fresh and always go well in vases. Ideal for decorating the house, it is a plant that adapts to high temperatures and needs direct sun.\nMany people choose to grow bromeliads in summer to contrast with lavenders and hyacinths. Striking in appearance, the bromeliad reaches a height close to one meter and is a plant that requires a special place in the garden due to its exotic flowers. You can also opt for lilies if you are looking to add variety: there are three very different species, although they all require fresh soil and should not receive direct sunlight.\nAn important bet involves the cultivation of orchids, although in this case you will have to be more careful as it can be affected by excess heat. Of course, with it you will have that special touch in the house.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Clint Victorine, a native of the Eel River Valley in Northern California, found his passion in raising cattle in high school as a member of Future Farmers Of America (FFA). He went on to Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo, CA where he majored in Ag Business. After graduation in 1996, he pursued his dream of earning a living raising cattle.\nMaking the Move to 100% Certified Organic\nVictorine Livestock began with one commercial cow calf and stocker cattle operation. It was a slow start. Then in 2000, Eel River Brewing Company asked Clint to finish some cattle on local grass for the brewery’s grill menu. As the brewery grew, the owner decided to go organic, and he convinced Clint that organic would be the right move for him also. Clint could see there was growing market for healthier beef from cattle raised in a more natural way, along with a growing demand for organic food.\nAs time went on, Clint met with independent ranchers in the Eel River Valley to see if they would be interested in raising their cattle organically. Bill Branstetter was the first to work with Clint in what was considered by many ranchers to be a risky venture. The risk paid off and other ranchers followed Branstetter’s lead, raising cattle organically and exclusively for Eel River Organic Beef.\nThis alliance of small, independent family ranches makes Eel River Organic Beef the unique company it is today. We remain a small family-run operation in Humboldt County, California. Victorine says, “We’re proud of this pristine country and work hard to do our part to ensure that everything we do benefits the environment as well as the health of our animals and our customers.”\nAs a 100% certified organic product, Eel River Organic Beef is Non-GMO and we embrace full GMO transparency. Organic standards prohibit the use of GMOs, and all of our ranchers have been certified organic by California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF).\nOur Beef Is 100% Traceable\nBecause our cattle are carefully raised by independent ranchers, our beef is 100% traceable back to the ranch and the animal. CCOF’s strict standards require that all cattle remain and graze on certified pastures, and are not given any antibiotics, growth hormones, feed additives or animal by-products. We adhere to each and every guideline as set forth by CCOF and the USDA National Organic Programs.\nGrass-Fed and Grass-Finished\nOur cattle graze on approximately 50,000 acres in and around the beautiful Eel River Valley in Humboldt County of Northern California. Located in the remote North West corner of California, the Eel River Valley is surrounded by lush green sub-irrigated pastures and giant Redwood trees. Because of our mild climate with an average yearly temp of 54 degrees F and average rainfall of 38 inches per year, our grass-fed beef graze on green pastures year round.\nOur cattle are always given plenty of open space, fresh air, and clean water. Unlike conventional cattle and even many organic cattle, our cattle remain on certified organic grassy pastures their entire life, never going to feedlots for finishing. We have found that by allowing the cattle plenty of room to roam, an abundance of fresh clover and rye grass to graze on, and by keeping stress to a minimum, our animals are naturally healthy.\nBy setting these high standards, we can ensure that our customers are receiving the highest quality, healthiest grass-fed, grass-finished product that is a pleasure to eat. Enjoy the rich, hearty flavor of our organic steaks, roasts, ribs and ground beef. Find a Store\nMiles to Market Fresh\nOur cattle are processed locally by Redwood Meat Company, a small family-owned and operated organic facility in our area. We work hard to get our products to you from grassland to market with minimal impact on the environment—with as few “miles to market” as possible. Our beef doesn’t come from the Midwest, Australia or South America. It is raised and finished right here on the West Coast,which means no long distance transport stress on the animals or unnecessary use of fuel.\nOur beef is organic, delicious, naturally healthy and a product of the USA.\n“To your health and to our environment!”—Clint Victorine", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Situated in Rome’s famous Appia Antica Park, the G20 Green Garden invites you to reflect on the future of our planet. This open-air museum celebrates biodiversity, nature and Rome’s ancient heritage while calling for global solidarity to create a sustainable future for all. This project is brought to you on the occasion of the Italian presidency of the G20 and as part of a multipartner initiative. It represents the countries’ joint commitment for ‘People, Planet, Prosperity’ – three core values inherently linked to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).\nExplore the 17 giant SDG cubes sprouting from the grass or admire the iconic olive tree with messages for a brighter future, all while learning how your actions can make a difference.\nIf you can’t visit in person, have a virtual Green Garden experience by downloading the App.\nFrom the Church of Saint Urban to the SDG Cube Meadow, Sacred Wood, Nymphaeum of Egeria, Fruit Orchard and Riparian Grove, let nature be your guide and discover how you can play a part in building a more sustainable world.\nIf you are able to visit in person, find information here on how to reach the G20 Green Garden.\nFAO GLOBAL GOALS INSTALLATION\nThe G20 Green Garden is calling for global solidarity to create a sustainable future for all. This project is brought to you on the occasion of the Italian presidency of the G20 and as part of a multipartner initiative. It represents the countries’ joint commitment for ‘People, Planet, Prosperity’ – three core values inherently linked to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition to providing an educational experience, trees are being planted in various spaces to restore the rich biodiversity of the Caffarella Valley at the Appia Antica Park.\nSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS GOALS (SDGs)\n17 cubes sprouting from the Appia Antica Park are building blocks for a better future. They represent the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), actions we all need to take for people and the planet.\nThe world’s major economies play a key role in achieving the SDGs and supporting developing countries as they also work to achieve them. At their side, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reinforces efforts to ensure enough safe, diverse and nutritious food for all. FAO’s mandate is closely linked to SDG2, Zero Hunger, but food and agriculture lie at the very heart of the 2030 Agenda.\nWe all need to be part of this global effort and we can start by learning from nature. Let’s learn to respect the Earth’s resources and adopt a low waste lifestyle. The Educational Itinerary allows visitors to learn about actions related to each individual SDG.\nURBAN TREES AND CONSERVATION\nImagine standing here hundreds of years ago in the midst of a Roman Lucus. A Lucus was a sacred wood that was protected by law.\nTrees have long been considered culturally important, but they also regulate climate, store carbon and clean our air. In fact, forests and trees make cities more beautiful and keep our planet healthy.\nIn an effort to restore the Sacred Wood to its former glory, trees have been planted to symbolize the G20’s commitment to build a sustainable future for all. The stele standing here recalls the importance of protecting trees through the Lex spoletina. This is the earliest example of forest law which historically marked an Umbrian Lucus in the 3rd century B.C.\nWATER AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT\nReclining in the niche of the Nymphaeum of Egeria is a statue believed to be the deity of the River Almone that flows through the Appia Antica Park. The river gets its name from its nourishing and life-giving qualities, representing the link between water\nand health, people and planet.\nLegend has it that the deity Almone controlled the flow of the water – at times, providing it abundantly or causing droughts. Just as floods and water management were an issue for ancient Romans, they are an ever-growing global concern today with the effects of climate change. Our changing climate is leading to more extreme weather events that impact food production and people’s livelihoods.Let’s not take our water for granted. It’s an irreplaceable source and it’s up to all of us to manage it sustainably, preserving it for generations to come.\nBIODIVERSITY AND NUTRITION\nFor centuries, the agricultural land at the Appia Antica Park provided fruits and vegetables for the people of Rome, thanks to the fertile soil, good climate and abundance of water.\nTo safeguard the traditional varieties of the region and promote agrobiodiversity in the area, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is working along with the park and other partners to plant a variety of fruit trees in the orchard, come autumn. Not only is biodiversity good for the environment, it is also important for nutrition. By producing a variety of foods, including fruits and vegetables, we can provide the food that is needed for a healthy diet.\nTREES AND PLANT HEALTH\nFrom the air we breathe to the food we eat, healthy trees and plants are the essence of life.\nIn the first decades of the 20th century, a fungus attack almost caused the disappearance of the Riparian Grove near the Almone River. To restore and reforest the grove, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), along with partners of the G20 Green Garden, is replanting trees in the area.\nTogether, we can protect and sustainably manage our forests and ecosystems. This year launches the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration – an initiative aimed at mitigating and reversing the degradation of ecosystems around the world. You can support reforestation efforts by joining local initiatives or change your habits to adopt a more sustainable and ecofriendly lifestyle. Our health depends on plant health.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Grazing school can reduce feed costs\nThe last Management-intensive Grazing (MiG) School in southwest Missouri will be in Bois D'Arc during the day, Oct. 7-9.\nMiG is also known as rotational grazing management. Producers who follow the MiG system manage for both the benefit of livestock and forage. Livestock graze in each pasture long enough to harvest the forage but are moved before eating too much of the leaf area.\nThe result is lower feed costs and improved forage production. That means more money in the pocket of the beef cattle producer.\nEnrollment for this program is capped at the first 40 individuals to register. Registration fee has been set at $95 per person and $50 for additional persons from the same operation (will receive only one set of books and reference materials).\nThe fee includes lunches and breaks, plus the \"Missouri Grazing Manual\" from University of Missouri Forage Systems Research Center; \"Missouri Livestock Water Manual;\" and the \"Missouri Electric Fencing Manual\" a \"Missouri Forages Manual\" and other pertinent materials.\nFor more information about other schools around the state visit the Missouri Forage and Grassland Council website at: http://agebb.missouri.edu/mfgc/. Registration forms and fees can be obtained at the NRCS office on Hwy. B, Springfield, Mo., or by contacting Mark Green at 417-831-5246 or via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nThe single most important management factor in determining the profitability of a livestock operation is keeping feed cost low. So why buy it when you can grow high quality feed yourself through a Management-Intensive grazing (MIG) system?\nCost control, not the amount of production, separates profitable from unprofitable operations. Through a MIG system you can keep your cost down and production in most cases will increase, all while helping out the environment.\nIn addition to the profits to your pocket book and the environment you may be eligible to receive cost share to help establish your MIG system. Attendance at a grazing school is one requirement to be eligible for state cost share programs.\nHistory of success\nGrazing schools started in 1995. Since that time, the schools have been held at various locations, dates and in different formats to meet the diverse needs of livestock producers.\nTo date, literally thousands of individuals have attended the schools to learn about the basic principles and practices of MiG. The schools have also helped livestock producers qualify for thousands of dollars in various cost-share programs through NRCS or FSA.\nUSDA - Natural Resource Conservation Service, University of Missouri Extension and the Greene County Soil and Water Conservation District sponsor the MiG school. University of Missouri Extension specialists from southwest Missouri teach many of the sessions during the school.\nDavid Burton, civic communicatoin specialist for University of Missouri Extension, 2400 S. Scenic Ave., Springfield, MO 65807, can be reached at 881-8909 or email@example.com.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New Program Highlights Bee-Friendly Farming Practices\nA new certification program enables growers to show consumers they are farming in ways that benefit bees. The Bee Better Certified program is launched by the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, in partnership with Oregon Tilth. The development of Bee Better Certified was funded by a grant from USDA.\n“Bee Better Certified is working with conservation-minded farmers to meet a growing interest from consumers to know how their food choices impact bees,” said Xerces Society Executive Director Scott Hoffman Black. “Many species of bees have suffered declines over the years, but by creating habitat and reducing pesticide use, Bee Better is generating meaningful change on working farms, helping to preserve crop pollinators and the valuable services they provide to farmers.”\nAfter piloting the program with 13 farmers over the past few months, the Xerces Society and Oregon Tilth are now opening it to farmers nationwide. The program focuses on integrating flower-rich habitat into farms in order to provide food and nesting sites for native bees, honeybees, and other pollinators. It also requires farmers to reduce or eliminate use of pesticides known to cause harm to bees.\nOregon Tilth assesses and certifies farms based on the amount and quality of habitat created as well as the incorporation of pest management strategies aimed at protecting crop pollinators.\n“When Xerces approached us as a possible partner, it seemed like a great fit,” said Oregon Tilth Certification Director Connie Karr. “We knew our missions were aligned, and we could bring our certification expertise alongside their technical expertise in invertebrates to develop this standard together. It’s important to make sure a new set of standards is credible, valuable and achievable. By working together, we could achieve all those things.”\nThe project received a $350,000 Conservation Innovation Grant in 2016 from USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) which the Xerces Society matched to develop and test the first-of-its-kind program. The Conservation Innovation Grant program aims to drive public-private innovation to support next-generation conservation efforts.\n“About two-thirds of the country is privately owned, meaning the land management choices of our nation’s farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners can have positive impacts from pollinators,” NRCS Acting Chief Leonard Jordan said. “We’re inspired by the many men and women who step up and voluntarily implement conservation practices on their land, which benefits bees and other pollinators as well as our soil, water, and air.”\nBee Better is open to farms of all types and sizes. Those interested can submit an application to Oregon Tilth, which inspects the farm and certifies if it meets standards. Certified farmers are able to use the Bee Better Certified seal on their farmstands. Manufacturers can also use the seal on products that contain Bee Better Certified ingredients.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gourmet Garlic, Spinach, Baby Lettuce, Arugula, Kale, Green Beans, Herbs, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Summer/Winter Squash, Melons, Apples, Carrots, Onions, S|\nGrade A Gardens grows chemical free fruits and vegetables on a little over 5 acres in Johnston, Iowa. The farm is located next to ag giants DuPont Pioneer and John Deere Financial. What began as a gourmet garlic farm, Grade A Gardens now grows a variety of frutis and vegetables and markets through a CSA, the Downtown Des Moines Farmers Market, and Des Moines’ finest restaurants and specialty grocers.\nBrowse through our Products for Sale\nPractices (our standards for raising or making our products)\nHighlights this Month", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Austin and Central Texas Backyard Poultry Meetup Group is for people who have or are interested in raising small backyard flocks of chickens, ducks, guineas, turkeys, geese, quail, or other poultry for pets, eggs, meat, or exhibition. Our in-person meetups are headquartered in the Austin, Texas, area, with some Meetups in the surrounding Central Texas area. We welcome anyone interested in raising poultry to participate in our online forums, even if you can't always come to an in-person Meetup.\nYou just might be surprised at how many people living in your neighborhood are raising chickens and other poultry, in addition to gardening, composting, raising bees, and incorporating solar energy, rainwater harvesting and other clean and alternative energy solutions into their backyard food production.\nIf you are new to raising poultry, our members are always happy to share tips on getting started raising chickens and other poultry. We know chickens and poultry are only one part of living a more sustainable lifestyle. Nature is interconnected, so we also address integrating poultry into more general food production and environmentally conscious practices.\nWe vary our in-person meet up styles. We have occasional field trips to local farms and feed mills, educational lectures and workshops, and some social and educational gatherings. We are always adding new ideas and meetups to our calendar, and flock is always happy to share their experience and their ideas.\nOrganic chicken feed and farm fresh pastured eggs\nPremier, functional, durable & aesthetic structures for your backyard\nMaking it easy for you to move your hen house to fresh grass.\n2014 Funky Chicken Coop Tour Sponsor\nLearn about backyard goats for functions incl. companionship or milking\nPlease visit our store at 5237 N Lamar Blvd in Austin 512-451-3469\nProviding all your backyard poultry needs. Now on Facebook and Twitter!\nBi-monthly publication promoting local food in Austin and Central Texas\nProviding Happy Hen Treats Raffle Prizes and 10% off for meetup members\nBluebonnet Classic Poultry Show, Egg Shows, Poultry Exhibition education\nConnects people, info, events, & resources on Austin and the environment\nProviding rare, endangered, and heritage breeds in Central Texas\nThe Urban Farmer's Resource. Proudly bringing you Pickin' Chicken!\nKeeping organic materials out of landfills, returning nutrients to soil\na natural foods cooperative grocery store, serving Austin since 1976\nDedicated to learning about permaculture and sharing it with others\nVolunteers working to put food directly with hungry Austinites in need\nEducating, assisting, and inspiring a new generation of farmers\n2,254 Happy folks\nMonday, Mar 17\n855 Linux Enthusiasts\nMonday, Apr 07\nThursday, Mar 20\nSaturday, Mar 22\n1,066 Austin Beekeepers\nMonday, Mar 17", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CNH Recently Attended FIRA 2024 Event for Agricultural Robots\nWith connectivity, autonomous equipment and new technologies at the core of New Holland’s strategy, the brand displayed some of its advanced solutions and met customers, dealers and startups. Whilst there, they showed the brand’s investments in robotics and discussed future evolutions.\nTaking place twice a year – in the US and in France – FIRA has become the world’s leading ag robotics static and field demo event. New Holland has attended since it was first held, and this year sponsored the French edition, after supporting the US event a few months ago.\nOn the stand was the Stout Smart Cultivator, New Holland’s software-controlled implement for tractors that uses cameras, AI and proprietary vision technology to distinguish crops from weeds. Once identified, the implement simultaneously cultivates crops and removes weeds with an accuracy of 99%, decreasing reliance on labor and chemical inputs while improving farming practices. CNH invested in the US-based company Stout Industrial, acquiring a 10% minority stake at the end of 2022.\nNew Holland’s tractors were present in the event’s demo zones, where visitors saw robots and tractors in action. One vineyard tractor and three specialty tractors together with a T5 utility tractor were displayed.\nAttending and sponsoring this event is a testament to CNH’s commitment to innovative products that promote a more sustainable future.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This petition closed 5 months ago\nThe input costs for the farmers for any crop is lower than chemical farming . The yield per acre is the same or more than chemical farming. The farmer has three options for the sale of his produce.\n1) In the local wholesale haat / market along with other chemical crop producers.\n2) The national food chain stores, hospitality industry, residential schools that use or sell organic produce. This is his exclusive domain - no chemical producers can get additional value for his crops here.\n3) Global exports - as there is a huge requirement for safe organic food. The farmer gets a very handsome price for his organic produce.\nBy joining this campaign we can network to eliminate consumption of chemical food from the food chain, usher in a socio economic change through the farming community.\nNgo's , govt agencies and pvt CSR activities can be jointly implemented to expedite this across .", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "a Hudson Valley, NY fruit farm offering pick-your-own apples\nFREE PARKING AND ADMISSION\nWe respectfully ask that you adhere to our strict no pets policy.\nVisit our Bakery and Winery\nWe make our hard cider from our own apples.\nWhat to DO?\nLocal craftsman John Nicklin constructed an old-fashioned wagon to escort our visitors to pick apples, or to enjoy a leisurely ride around the farm (weekend afternoons only).\nThe kids will enjoy the petting zoo.\nPicnic By The Lake\nEnjoy a relaxed lunch along with the fruits of your labor.\nPirates of the Hudson Corn Maze\nIncludes a tower in the middle with a lookout and a 7 foot tunnel slide into the corn maze.\nEvery weekend we have a wonderful chicken barbeque with sweet corn, baked beans and corn bread.\nDJ Tony is on staff most weekends to provide entertainment and lead the games and contests for the kids.\nBuy Two 1/2-Bushel Bags and get One FREE!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the spring of 2019, a cyst nematode was discovered from soil samples collected from an alfalfa field in Millard County, Utah. The soil samples were submitted to one of us (SH), who extracted the nematode cysts and sent them to the USDA-ARS, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory (MNGDBL), Beltsville, MD for morphological and molecular identification. Cysts and living nematode juveniles (J2) recovered from the cysts were examined morphologically and molecularly for species identification which indicated that the specimens were Heterodera medicaginis. This represents the first record of H. medicaginis in Utah and the second report of this nematode in North America.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Agronomy and Crop Science", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Organic Allspice - Ground - Australian\nBiodynamic Organic Ground Allspice - the highest grade premium organic allspice.\nPortion size: 35g packs.\nAdd it to sweet dishes where you want a bit more spiciness such as gingerbread, apple pie or dark chocolate desserts. Its subtle peppery overtone adds depth to stews, curries and soups. Make jerk chicken using ground allspice, a typical Jamaican dish that reflects the spice's Caribbean origins.\nFarmers: Warrakin Valley Farm in Queensland, Australia\nThe most important health benefits of allspice include its ability to act as a pain reliever, increase , protect the system, improve mood, boost the immune system, eliminate fungal infections, lower , and reduce inflammation.\nWhat is all spice? This powerful spice is actually derived from the dried fruit of the pimento tree, which is why it is commonly called Jamaica pepper, pimenta, or pimento, among other geography-specific nicknames. Native to Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and Mexico, the allspice bearing tree has the scientific name of Pimenta dioica and has gradually spread throughout the world due to its unique flavor and its healthy quality. The name allspice is because of the dried brown berries (which look like large ), smell and taste like a mixture of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. The berries are picked when they’re ripe and allowed to dry in the sun, ending up as the slightly shriveled, hard berries known as allspice. These can then be ground up into spice for culinary use, or the essential oil can be extracted.\nBio-Dynamics is an enhanced organic farming method using soil and plant enlivening natural preparations, producing clean food free of all chemicals inputs and GMO's.\nThe Australian Demeter Bio-dynamic farming method has being adopted all over the world as the number one Bio-dynamic farming method.\nBio-dynamic farming confirms to us the benefits of naturally grown food without the use of chemicals and synthetic stimulants producing vibrant healthy soils and in turn healthy plants, animals and healthy humans. This type of farming leaves the soil rich in humus and bursting with life. For the consumer that means wholesome nutritious food full of flavor!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Monarch butterflies are beautiful visitors to our gardens, but over the last fifteen years there have been fewer and fewer making an appearance. During the winter of 2009-2010, the number of monarchs from eastern North America overwintering in Mexico reached an all-time low. The numbers came up somewhat for the 2010-2011 winter, but are still low. What's behind this decline?\nResearcher Lincoln P. Brower and colleagues, in an article published in the March 2012 journal Insect Conservation and Diversity, suggest three factors that have contributed to the bust in butterflies. First is the degradation of the forests in Mexico that provide overwintering habitat to the monarchs. Much of this habitat has been lost due to illegal logging in areas that have been set aside as reserves.\nAnother big factor is the increased cultivation of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant corn and soybeans in the U.S., which has resulted in more extensive use of the herbicide glyphosate in farm fields. This herbicide use has led in turn to a sharp decline in the milkweed plants in the fields that provide breeding habitat for monarchs.\nThe third factor noted is the role of extreme weather interfering with winter survival or summer breeding. For example, overwintering butterflies experienced record-breaking precipitation over the 2009-2010 winter during what is normally the dry season, which caused flooding, landslides, and high winds that wreaked havoc on their habitat. In 2009 high spring temperatures in Texas limited breeding. As the climate warms, the expectation is that these types of weather extremes will increase, further harming butterfly populations. The study's authors suggest that only with better stewardship in both the U.S. and Mexico will we be able to count on having these lovely lepidopteron visitors continue to frequent out gardens.\nTo read the entire article on the decline of monarch butterflies, go to: Wiley Online Library.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We recently heard from our friend Helmut from Finca El Origen in Colombia. As we mentioned when we first introduced you to his farm , Helmut is involved in a non-profit tree planting project to combat the effects of deforestation and climate change in his community. This tree planting and environmental education project in schools and local communities is now in its 11th month of a planned 18 month duration. Together with Bachaqueros, a non-governmental organization, Helmut has contributed to the seeding of 80,000 trees and the planting of 30,000 trees so far. Bachaqueros led 20 workshops in 4 different regions. These workshops allowed residents of these communities to learn how to identify local endangered tree species, collect seeds and how to plant trees so that they have the best possible chance of growing.\nDuring the next dry season, the group will start to geotag all the planted trees so that they can better protect them during the next two summers, which Helmut says will be a crucial period in the growth of newly planted trees. Helmut was very happy to tell us that the group managed to convince the Colombian army to plant 3000 trees in their coastal military areas and that Bachaqueros is doing a lot of work with schools so that children can participate in the cultivation of trees and eventually at their planting. We are proud to be able to share this news with you and look forward to telling you about the progress of this initiative over the coming months.\nOne Tree planted\nBeyond the trees that are planted by Helmut, we have also been working for more than a year, in partnership with the non-profit organization One Tree Planted, to have one tree planted for each subscription that we send out. One Tree Planted works on local reforestation projects all over the world and we have chosen to focus our efforts in the Amazon rainforest. In 2019, it suffered a record level of deforestation due to forest fires which caused a lot of damage. One Tree Planted is currently working on a project to plant trees and agricultural crops such as cocoa in Peru.\nHere is an excellent video illustrating this project.\nFollow our progress in real time\nWe will continue to update you on Helmut's project as we receive it. In the meantime, you can follow our own efforts here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "India’s coffee exports rose marginally, just two per cent year-on-year, to 23,146 tonnes last month, according to the Coffee Board data.\nThe country had exported 22,642 tonnes of the brew in August 2010.\nThe country earned USD 69.24 million in foreign currency from exports during last month, which in rupee terms stood at Rs. 313.30 crore, the data showed.\nThe value realisation of coffee last month stood at Rs. 1.35 lakh per tonne.\nHowever, the shipments have come down by 18 per cent in August compared with previous month, when export stood at 28,116 tonnes.\nDuring the April-August period of the current fiscal, export have risen 29 per cent to 1.68 lakh tonnes, as against 1.30 lakh tonnes in the year-ago period.\nIn the coffee year 2010-11, the exports rose by 36 per cent to 3.34 lakh tonnes between October 2010 and August 2011, from 2.45 lakh tonnes in the same period of the previous year. Coffee year runs from October to September.\nIndia largely exports coffee to Italy, Germany, Russia, Belgium and Spain.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cedar Bluffs, Neb., strip-tiller Ron Kadavy discusses his approach and success improving soil health and earthworm populations with the incorporation of molasses and other organic fertilizers on his strip-tilled fields.\nCalifornia farmer Tom Barcellos discusses the challenges of strip-tilling in his unusual environment and how his Bigham strip-till bar and the Orthman 1tripr are able to overcome these hurdles. He'll detail his equipment setup as well as describe how extensive use of RTK GPS to ensure everything lines up with the strip.\nKuhn Krause's focus, above all, is to continue to produce quality products to serve producers better; to strive to respond to their needs with new tools and new technology to meet their growing challenges. Agronomic practices are constantly changing, and at a faster pace now than ever.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "PALAYCHECK® for Irrigated Lowland Rice\n“Learning, checking, and sharing for best farmer’s practice”\nPhilippine Rice Research Institute 2007\nForeword Technology promotion has typically focused on one component at a time; integrated pest management or integrated nutrient management per se . Although each component gives positive contributions to rice production, research has shown that the interrelationship of these components from seed to seed must be given more emphasis. That is why we have the PalayCheck System .\nPalayCheck is a holistic, integrated, and objective approach to rice production. It is not just a technology or a technology package: PalayCheck System is a rice integrated crop management and more. It combines the technology and the learning process to ensure understanding and sustained adoption. With PalayCheck , it is important that a target yield is set, weaknesses of current production practices are identified, and the best practices for a specific area are applied.\nPalayCheck takes off from Australia’s Ricecheck system that helped increase rice yield from about 6 tons/ha in 1986 to 9.5 tons/ha in 2000. Australia’s Ricecheck system has been successfully adopted in other countries such as Thailand and Indonesia. We would\nalso like to implement and reap its benefits through the project “Strengthening the Development and Use of Rice Integrated Crop Management for Food Security and Poverty Alleviationâ€? funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.\nWe ackowledge the help of farmers, provincial and municipal agricultural officers, agricultural technicians, PhilRice site coordinators and branch managers in testing the PalayCheck System in various municipalities and provinces.\nThis publication is a good reference material for farmers and agricultural extension workers who want to try the PalayCheck System . We hope that this booklet will help them realize the importance of integrated crop management in improving rice production and the essence of group learning in identifying strengths and weaknesses in current practices. We hope that by using PalayCheck we will be able to sustain improvements in productivity, profitability, and environment safety.\nLEOCADIO S. SEBASTIAN\nPhilRice Executive Director (2000-2008)\nThe PalayCheck System\nPalayCheck is a dynamic rice crop mana-gement system that presents the best key technology and management practices as Key Checks; compares farmer practices with the best practices; and learns through farmers’ discussion group to sustain improvement in productivity, profitability, and environment safety. PalayCheck is simply “learning, checking, and sharing for best farming practiceâ€? .\nPalayCheck is a Rice Integrated Crop Management (RICM) System. RICM recognizes that rice growing is a production system consisting of a range of factors that are interdependent and interrelated in their impact on the growth, yield, and rice grain quality and on the sustainability of the environment. It dictates that technology recommendations for yield improvement be developed and transferred to farmers as a holistic and integrated package and not by components such as integrated nutrient management (INM) or integrated pest management (IPM).\nPalayCheck covers the principal areas of crop management such as seed quality, land preparation, crop establishment, nutrient management, water management, pest management, and harvest management. PalayCheck encourages farmers to manage their rice crop according to targets by measuring crop performance and analy -zing results. It provides standards in the form of Key Checks that guide farmers on what to achieve; guide on how to assess the Key Checks; and recommendations on how to achieve the Key Checks. In such way, PalayCheck will help farmers learn from their experiences while improving their crop management practices.\nPalayCheck Strategy Group and experiential learning through farmers’ meeting and participative interactions are necessary to help farmers learn PalayCheck by comparing farming practices, management, and yield/quality in the technology demonstration plot with those of other farmers’ fields (see Box 1).\nBox 1: The PalayCheck System\nPalayCheck uses the following strategies:\nPackaging key technologies as Key Checks Working with groups of farmers to identify ricefarming problems, demonstrate the Key Checks, and help farmers learn PalayCheck by comparing the practices, management, and yield/quality as well as profit with those of other farmers’ fields\nTeaching farmers how to evaluate their current practices, and improve the management of their fields using the developed Key Checks\nMonitoring and recording management inputs and achievement of Key Checks per growth stage\nHelping farmers assess the Key Checks and identify the reasons for achieving or not achieving the Key Check(s)\nImplementing PalayCheck Each site will consist of a PalayCheck demonstration field to showcase the recommended practices; a group of rice farmers; and a facilitator or resource person. The demonstration field is a selected farmer’s field (farmer-partner). Preferably, the field should be at least 0.5 ha located along the roadside, beside a nontechnology-intervened field, and near the farmers’ meeting area.\nSeed and fertilizer inputs may be provided to ensure that the recommended practices are followed. The demo field will be the basis for evaluating the strength and weaknesses of the farmers’ management and discussing as well as learning the necessary adjustments to improve yield and profit. The neighboring members of the group (farmer-cooperators) have the option to adopt or not to adopt PalayCheck recommendations.\nThe participants for PalayCheck are a group of 15-25 farmers belonging to a community or\nneighborhood. The group will meet before, during, and after the cropping season to review the management practices, pest incidence, growth and yield results, and weather condi-tions ; compare the PalayCheck demo field with the farmer-cooperators’ fields; discuss reasons for achieving or not achieving the Key Checks based on their knowledge and experience, plan for the next meeting’s activities; and record the activities and results of the demo field and the farmer-cooperators’ fields.\nThe management practices, achievement or nonachievement of Key Checks, and yield results will be evaluated per site. The evaluation will be presented during the last meeting (after harvest) wherein there is an ultimate analysis and interpretation of the achievement of Key Checks and the yield results of each farmer-cooperator and PalayCheck farmer-partner.\nThough the PalayCheck System helps farmers achieve high yield through proper crop management, it is essential that the learning process be highlighted. The learning process takes place before, during, and after each planting season. Farmers can compare their actual performance and management with the expected\noutputs (yield, quality, and environmental outcomes) as indicated by the achieved Key Checks. Due to limited resources, there are instances when farmer-cooperators do not embrace all the PalayCheck recommendations. Successes, problems, and failures can be identified and therefore, improvements in the next season can be made.\nSteps in using the PalayCheck System\n1. Manage the rice crop using the Key Checks.\nPalayCheck develops a package of techno-logy recommendations. Emphasize to the farmers that the Key Checks are the most important recommendations to achieve high yield and these require particular attention. Each principal area of crop management can have one or more Key Checks. Each Key Check is expressed in a structured way. Therefore, each Key Check has the following:\nCrop Management Area. For example, in Seed Quality , the Key Check is “ Used certified seeds of a recommended variety â€?.\nAssessment of Key Check. This is the indicator or method to determine if the Key Check has been achieved. For example, the seed of an improved rice variety is certified by the NSQCS as evidenced by a tag\non the sack. If achieved, it is given a check ( ). If not achieved, it is given an ( x ).\nImportance. This indicates why the Key Check is so important in achieving the field output or growth and yield output of the crop. For example, certified seed is pure, clean, full and uniform in size, and has a minimum germination rate of 85%.\nRecommendation to achieve Key Check. The practices that are required to achieve the Key Check as well as other associated practices needed to manage the crop are described. For example, choose a variety with high yield potential and market demand, and tested in technology demonstrations or adaptability trials. The recommended practices are the inputs , the Key Checks are the outputs .\n2. Observe, measure, and record crop growth and management performance.\nEncourage and guide farmers in observing the rice crop regularly and taking a close look at it by walking through the plots, and not observing from afar.\nWhen walking through the plots, show them how to measure crop growth and management performance. Use a ruler, count, or weigh. Do not guess.\nRecord the measurements. Recording is an important part of using PalayCheck to ensure that the information is available for later use. Use the forms provided to you or a field notebook. Do not rely on your memory; write down notes.\n3. Compare and interpret results to identify problem areas.\nGuide farmers in interpreting and analyzing the relationships among management practices, measurements, and yield results to identify those areas that may have limited yield and can be improved upon. Ask them how they achieved their yield.\n4. Take action to correct management problems next season. Help farmers improve their crop management to overcome poor results, or repeat management that resulted in good yields. Learn from your experiences.\nBox 2: Points to Remember The PalayCheck System is not simply putting a check ( ) or a cross ( x ) on the Key Checks. It is important for farmers to understand why a Key Check has been achieved or not achieved (output) given a crop ma- nagement (input). It is not the same as the “12 Steps in Rice Productionâ€? or similar schemes. It is not a prescription for successful rice production. Farmers and technicians should recognize that the PalayCheck System integrates and balances crop management technologies in order to improve and sustain gains in rice production. It is an advantage if farmer groups implement PalayCheck . After close monitoring of the rice crop, farmers share experiences, discuss possible reasons for achieving or not achieving the Key Checks. Hence, farmers themselves\nrecognize a weakness in their crop management and a way to improve in the next crop.\nSeed Quality Key Check 1. Used certified seeds of a recommended variety. Assessment of Key Check. The seed of an improved rice variety is certified by the NSQCS as evidenced by a tag attached to the sack. Foundation and registered seeds coming from a reliable source (e.g., PhilRice , accredited seed growers) are also acceptable.\nImportance. Certified seed is pure, clean, full and uniform in size, and has a minimum germination rate of 85%. The use of certified seeds leads to healthy seedlings that grow fast and uniformly. All these can contribute to a 5-10% increase in grain yield.\nRecommendations to achieve Key Check\nChoose a variety with high yield potential, market demand, and tested in technology demonstrations or adaptability trials.\nFarmers often prefer new varieties, believing that they yield better. But a variety may be released based on reasons other than yield (e.g., better grain quality and resistance to pests).\nIf the farmer decides to plant a new variety, the agricultural technologist should recommend a variety that has been tested in the farmers’ municipality for more than a year.\nLand Preparation Key Check 2. No high and low soil spots after final leveling. Assessment of Key Check. During land leveling, the field should have 2-5 cm water depth. The field should have no visible mound of soil above the water surface after the final leveling.\nImportance. A properly leveled field allows for more uniform water distribution, requires less water to fill up, reduces weed incidence, and better management of golden apple snails. It helps achieve a uniform crop maturity.\nRecommendations to achieve Key Check Clean and repair dikes and ditches. Dikes must be cleaned to remove pest; compacted to prevent\nseepage, and properly maintained 15 cm high x 20 cm wide to prevent rat burrowing. Ditches will ensure even water distribution and drainage. Draining removes toxic substances, allows organic matter to decompose, and helps the plant produce deeper and stronger roots.\nPlowing and harrowing. Plow under weeds and stubbles 10 to 15 cm deep 3 to 4 weeks before transplanting or direct wet seeding to allow decomposition and recycle plant nutrients. Decomposition is faster in moist soil. If organic materials are not fully decomposed, soil tends to become acidic and some nutrients become less available.\nHarrow the field at least twice at one week interval. The first harrowing is done a week after plowing to break the clods and incorporate the stubbles. This allows drop seeds and weed seeds to germinate. The\nsecond harrowing, across the direction of the first plow, also the initial leveling, further incorporates the volunteer plants and allows the germination of the remaining drop seeds and weed seeds. These practices help reduce the initial pest host population and maintain the hardpan.\nLevel the field. Use a wooden plank or power tiller-attached leveler. Direct wet-seeded rice (DWSR). Construct small canals near the levee surrounding the field and in the middle of the field as paths for excess water, collecting golden apple snails, and paths to facilitate field operations such as planting missing\nCrop Establishment Key Check 3. Practiced synchronous planting after a fallow period. Assessment of Key Check. The field should have a fallow period of at least 30 days after harvest. It should be planted within 14 days before and after the majority of the irrigation service area has been planted.\nImportance. Synchronous planting within one month avoids the overlapping incidence of insect and disease populations. A fallow period of at least one month breaks the insect pest cycle and destroys disease hosts. This scheme is largely affected by the availability of irrigation water in the locality.\nAllow a fallow period of at least a month from harvest to establishment of the next crop.\nThis can break the pest cycle and facilitate the success of crop management practices.\nFollow the local planting calendar. This maximizes the use of irrigation within the community.\nCrop Establishment Key Check 4. Sufficient number of healthy seedlings. Assessment of Key Check. Transplanted rice (TPR). Seed rate is 20 to 40 kg/ha for inbred and 15 to 20 kg/ha for hybrid. After replanting missing hills within 7 days after transplanting (DAT), assess the health status of seedlings at 10 DAT. There should be at least 25 hills/m 2 .\nRandomly select 3 sampling sites in a diagonal line across the field. The sampling sites should be at least 1 m from the edge of the field.\nCount the number of hills/m 2 using a 1 m x 1 m quadrat. Add the number of hills and divide the total by 3 to get the average number of hills/m 2 .\nDirect wet-seeded rice (DWSR). Fifteen days after seeding (DAS) pre-germinated seeds, plant density should be at least 150 plants/m 2 for a rate of 40 kg seeds/ha . For a seed rate of 80 kg/ha , plant density should be at least 300 plants/m 2 .\nTo assess plant density, use 1 m x 1 m quadrat (1 m 2 ). Randomly select 3 sampling sites in a diagonal line across the field. Each sampling site or 1 m 2 quadrat should be at least 1 m from the edge of the field.\nCount the number of plants/m 2 using a 1 m x 1 m quadrat. Add the number of plants and divide the total by 3 to get the average number of plants/m 2 .\nIn every parcel for TPR and DWSR, randomly select 10 hills. Each hill should have at least one healthy seedling. A healthy seedling is green, with good growth, and free from pest and disease.\nImportance. Healthy seedlings can produce a good canopy and compete better against weeds.\nF ollow the recommendations below: Inbred Varieties Seeding Rate (kg/ha): 20-40 Minimum Seedbed Area (m 2 ): 400 Age of Seedlings (days): 20-25 No. of Seedlings (per hill): 1-3 Planting Distance (cm x cm): 20 x 20 Hybrid Varieties Seeding Rate (kg/ha): 15-20 Minimum Seedbed Area (m 2 ): 400 Age of Seedlings (days): 20-25 No. of Seedlings (per hill): 1-2 Planting Distance (cm x cm): 20 x 20 Note: Lower number of seedlings per hill is recommended for hybrid due to its high cost.\nSowing the right amount of seeds results in strong and healthy seedlings.\nResulting seedlings have higher survival rate and easily recover from transplanting shock. Sowing a higher amount of seeds results in thin and weak seedlings. Proper spacing enables the crop to develop a good ground cover and helps control weeds.\nFor transplanted rice , establish seedbed near a water source and protect it from pests, particularly birds and rats. It should have a good drainage.\nProper water and pest management are important at this stage. If the germinated seeds are covered too deeply with water, this will result in weak\nseedlings with poor root growth because of lack of air in the soil. Birds and rats feed on seeds directly and pull up germinating seeds and so it is important to guard the seedbed against these pests.\nApply the organic materials before leveling the seedbed. For fine-textured soil , incorporate 10-15 bags organic material or 3-4 bags commercial organic fertilizer in a 400 m 2 se edbed before sowing the seeds.\nOr ganic materials help loosen the soil. Thus, it makes pulling of seedlings easier and minimizes root damage. Use compost or any fully decomposed organic materials such as dried animal manure, carbonized rice hull, or rice straw.\nFor medium-textured soil , you may not apply organic materials.\nFor direct wet-seeded rice , the field is ready for seeding after land preparation and leveling as\ndescribed in the recommendation for Key Check 2. Pre-germinated seeds/seedlings should be protected from birds, rats, snails and weeds following the standad practices described in the pest management section. Broadcast pre-germinated seeds evenly onto the leveled field.\nSow extra pre-germinated seeds (1 kg) on the side of the field for replanting. Replant bare patches .\nKey Check 5. Sufficient nutrients from tillering to early panicle initiation and flowering .\nAssessment of Key Check. From tillering to early panicle initiation (EPI) and flowering, apply N fertilizer (1.5 bags urea per hectare in dry season or 1.0 bag urea per hectare in wet season) if LCC reading is below 4 for transplanted and below 3 for direct wet-seeded rice .\nTransplanted rice . At flowering, achieve at least 300 panicles/ m 2 . To assess panicle density, randomly select 3 sampling sites in a diagonal line across the field. The sampling sites should be at least 1 m from the edge of the field. Count the number of panicles using a 1 m x 1 m quadrat (1 m 2 ). Add the number of panicles and divide the total by 3 to get the average number of panicles/m 2 .\nDirect wet-seeded rice . At flowering, achieve at least 350 panicles/m 2 .\nTo assess panicle density, randomly select 3 sampling sites in a diagonal line across the field. The sampling sites should be at least 1 m from the edge of the field. Count the number of panicles using a 1 m x 1 m quadrat ( 1 m 2 ). Add the number of panicles and divide the total by 3 to get the average number of panicles/m 2 .\nImportance. Sufficient nutrients from tillering to EPI, and flowering will ensure good crop growth, panicle development, and attainment of yield potential. The optimum panicle density could be associated with the attainment of yield potential.\nRecommendations to achieve Key Check Know and manage the nitrogen needs of your plants based on LCC and assess other nutrients based on MOET or Nutrient Omission Plot . Nutrient Omission Plot, Yield-Fertilizer Management Relationship\nIf resources are available, farmers and the AT can establish 5 m x 5 m Nutrient Omission Plots (NOPs) during regular croping to assess the following: (1) indigenous nitrogen supply or INS, i.e., no N fertilizer but with P and K (-N, +P, +K), (2) indigenous phosphorus supply or IPS (-P, +N, +K), and (3) indigenous potassium supply or IKS (-K, +N, +P). These can serve as basis of fertilizer recommendation.\nNOPs are effective in helping farmers observe plant nutrient deficiencies especially during farmers’ field day. Since soil N is usually inadequate, the “real time” crop need for N is effectively\nassessed by LCC. Hence, only IPS and IKS plots may be established. Another reliable basis of P and K fertilizer rate recommendation is the actual yield-fertilizer rate/amount relationship obtained from trials in farmers’ fields.\nProper management of nutrients improves crop growth and yield. It means giving the right kind and amount of nutrients at the right time. Rice plants grow and respond better to fertilizer when there is more sunlight.\nConduct the Minus One Element Technique (MOET) test 30 days before transplanting or direct wet seeding and assess nutrient status based on visible plant nutrient deficiency symptoms and growth response (i.e., plant height and tiller number) but not plant biomass.\nUse the leaf color chart (LCC) every 7 days from early tillering to early flowering to assess the crop need for nitrogen (N) fertilizer. LCC and MOET are simple tools that can assess nutrient deficiency, guide fertilizer application, and generate savings in fertilizer use.\nAside from nutrient deficiency, consider mineral toxicity in deciding on the nutrients to apply. In the\nlowlands, iron toxicity is most common, especially where there is permanent flooding during crop growth. Iron toxicity-affected rice plants have tiny brown spots on the lower leaves starting from the tip or have orange-yellow to brown leaves.\nTo manage iron toxicity, use intermittent irrigation and avoid continuous flooding on poorly drained soils, balanced fertilizers, and perform dry tillage after harvest to increase iron oxidation during the fallow period.\nNitrogen. Use the LCC every 7 days from 14 days after trans-planting (DAT) or 21 days after seeding (DAS) until early flowering. But if 14-14-14-12S is applied at 14 DAT or 21 DAS, LCC reading starts at 21 DAT or 28 DAS.\nNitrogen affects many processes contributing to yield. It increases plant height, tiller number, leaf size, spikelet number per panicle, percentage filled spikelets , and grain protein content. Thus, if N is deficient, plants become stunted and yellowish.\nIf there is too much N, particularly between panicle initiation and flowering, the rice plant becomes prone to lodging and pests. Excess N is also costly.\nThe LCC helps farmers determine the right time of N application by measuring the leaf color intensity. If more than 5 out of 10 leaves have readings below the critical value of 4, apply 1.5 bags of 46-0-0 (urea) or 3.5 bags of 21-0-0-24S (ammonium sulfate) during the DS and 1 bag of 46-0-0 or 2 bags of 21-0-0-24S during the WS.\nAmmonium sulfate is used instead of urea when plant shows sulfur deficiency, or if sulfur-containing fertilizer like 14-14-14-12S is not used.\nPhosphorus and potassium. Compound fertilizers, (i.e., 14-14-14-12S, 16-20-0) or single carrier fertilizer (i.e., 0-18-0 or 0-0-60) can be used and dependent on cropping season, soil type, yield target, and market availability.\nPhosphorus fertilizer is important for root development, tillering , early flowering, and ripening. Phosphorus-deficient plants are stunted with greatly reduced tillering .\nLeaves are narrow, short, very erect, and dark green. Stems are thin and plant deve-lopment is retarded. The number of leaves, panicles, and grains per panicle are also reduced.\nPotassium improves root growth and plant vigor and helps prevent lodging. It also enhances crop resistance to pests and diseases. Potassium deficiency is often not detected because its symptoms are not as easy to recognize as those of N deficiency, and appear during the later growth stages.\nPotassium-deficient plants are dark green with yellowish brown leaf margins, i.e., similar to those of tungro disease but affecting whole field, not patches. Dark brown spots can also be seen on the leaf surface.\nSulfur. The amount of sulfur in 14-14-14 -12S (with 12% sulfur) is adequate to correct usual sulfur deficiency.\nSulfur deficiency is often mistaken for nitrogen deficiency. Unlike N deficiency where older leaves are affected first, sulfur deficiency results in yellowing ( chlorosis ) of young leaves. Other symptoms include yellowish seedlings in seedbed, high seedling mortality after transplanting, stunted growth (but plants are not dark colored as in P or K deficiency), reduced tiller number, fewer and shorter panicles, reduced number of spikelets per panicle, and delayed maturity.\nZinc. Apply 25 kg zinc sulfate/ha at 14 DAT once a year during the DS.\nZinc deficiency is the most widespread micronutrient-related problem in rice. Its symptoms a ppear between 2-4 weeks after transplanting.\nThese include dusty brown spots on old leaves, yellowish young leaves at the base and midrib, stunted plants, uneven plant growth, and patches of poorly established hills in the field.\nRice plants, however, can recover from symptoms soon after the field is drained. Severe deficiency, on the other hand, results in reduced tiller number and delayed maturity.\nWater Management Key Check 6. Avoided excessive water or drought stress that could affect the growth and yield of the crop.\nAssessment of Key Check. No symptoms of stress due to excessive water observed at vegetative stage i.e., reduced tillering and leaf area. Excessive water means water depth greater than 5 cm for 7 days or more. No symptoms of stress due to drought observed at vegetative stage, i.e., leaf rolling, leaf tip drying, reduced leaf area, height, and tiller number. No symptoms of stress due to drought observed from panicle initiation to grain filling, i.e., leaf rolling, leaf tip drying, reduced panicle exertion , and many unfilled grains.\nFor a 120-day variety, early panicle initiation is usually at 40-45 DAT or 61-65 DAS and ripening phase is usuall y from 70-100 DAT or 91-120 DAS. One to two weeks before crop maturity or harvest is the hard dough stage. Importance. Water transports nutrients from the soil to the plant. An adequate water supply ensures good crop establishment, seedling vigor, and normal crop growth, development, and yield.\nRecommendations to achieve Key Check Achieve 3-5 cm water depth every irrigation time from early tillering until 1-2 weeks before crop maturity or harvest.\nA 3-5 cm water depth maintained from 10 DAT or 10-15 DAS to near crop maturity will ensure water status for optimum crop growth and yield. However, under field conditions, irrigation water supply may be insufficient to maintain a flooded soil condition or a certain surface water depth. While a certain flood water depth can control weeds, saturated soil condition\nat an early crop growth stage can reduce snail mobility and damage.\nControlled irrigation that does not induce plant water stress or reduce plant growth can be followed to use water efficiently. Under this system, water is allowed to decrease from 5 cm floodwater depth to 15 cm below the soil surface (perched water table) in dry season and 20 cm below the soil surface in wet season, before re-irrigating the field. This can be done from transplanting to maximum tillering. At heading or flowering stage, a floodwater depth of 3 to 5 cm is maintained.\nTo monitor the perched water table, a 30 cm perforated cylinder or bamboo can be installed in the soil up to 20 cm below the soil surface.\nDrain water or stop irrigation 1-2 weeks before harvest. For medium-textured soil , drain water a week before harvest. For fine-textured soil , drain water 2 weeks before harvest.\nThis ensures sufficient moisture to complete grain filling and facilitates harvest operations. This also helps ensure better grain apperance, i.e., grains will not be splashed with mud and water.\nPest Management Key Check 7. No significant yield loss due to pests.\nAssessment of Key Check. No significant yield loss due to insect pests, diseases, weeds, rats, snails, and birds. Significant pest damage occurs when one or more pests cause damage.\nImportance. Pest management is an integral component of rice production. Knowledge of the interactions of the rice crop with the biotic factors, agroecosystem, and the crop management system provides an accurate understanding of the destructive potential of pests. Correct pest identification and application of integrated crop management technologies (resistant\nvariety, land preparation, date and method of crop establishment, biological control, varietal rotation, fertilizer and water management, and pesticides) during crop development are needed in its su c cess.\nRecommendations to achieve Key Check Use varieties resistant to pests and diseases prevalent in the locality. The use of resistant varieties is the first line of defense in pest management and is compatible with biological control.\nChange or rotate varieties every 2 to 4 cropping to delay insect pest and disease adaptation, thereby preventing buildup of virulent pathogens and insect pests.\nAdopt a synchronous planting scheme after a fallow period in the locality (see Key Check 3 ).\nConserve beneficial organisms.\nThere are rich communities of beneficial organisms in the rice ecosystem in the absence of naturalenemy killing pesticides. The indiscriminate use of pesticides reduces biodiversity and disrupts the natural balance of insect pests and beneficial organisms. Conservation of these beneficial organisms is safe, economical, and permanent. For example, longhorned grasshopper feeds on the egg mass of stemborers while spiders feed on the nymphs and adults of leafhoppers and planthoppers .\nManagement options for major pests. Conduct field monitoring. Regular field monitoring especially at the early stage of crop growth helps identify the potential pests at its initial stage of development . Preventive management options can be\napplied, as in the case of diseases before they spread and reach intolerable levels. In the case of insect pests, corrective management options are recommended.\nInsect pests. Do not spray against defoliators during the first 30 DAT or 40 DAS. Plants compensate to early season damage by producing new leaves and tillers. Spraying prevents the early season movement and colonization of beneficial organisms in the field.\nDiseases. Correct diagnosis and field sanitation help prevent the spread of diseases. To diagnose the disease, compare the appearance of the infected plant with other plants of the same variety and age. Consider disease distribution, spread, and condition of the field. It also helps to examine closely the infected plant and see if there are other organisms on it.\nTo minimize pest and disease occurrence (i.e., tungro ), observe one-month fallow period or avoid three cropping in a year or quick turnaround period. Do not use too much fertilizer and unnecessary pesticide.\nTo minimize disease severity, avoid too much application of nitrogen fertilizer. Bacterial blight, sheath blight, and blast can be reduced indirectly with LCCbased N fertilizer application.\nRats. The presence of rats can be indicated by active rat burrows, footprints, cut tillers, and runways. The trap barrier system (TBS) is one of the ways to monitor rat population. If installed a month before the regular cropping season, it can a be guide to start rat control operations.\nProper timing, active and sustained communitywide control, and integrated management practices like use of flamethrower, hunting, baiting, trapping, and cleaning must be done to effectively manage field rats.\nGolden apple snails. Snails feed on young rice seedlings. To manage them, keep the field saturated during the early vegetative stage (within 2 weeks after transplanting or 3 weeks after direct wet-seeding).\nConstruct small canals and place attractants such as newsprint and broadleaves (e.g. banana and gabi leaves) to facilitate snail collection, or place wire or woven bamboo screen at the water inlets and outlets to prevent entry to the fields.\nBirds. Birds are most abundant in rice fields during seeding and ripening stages. They eat the pre-germinated seeds sown, damage the panicles and eat the grains. Birds are usually found during the early morning or late afternoon. Scaring away is a practical solution. PEST IDENTIFICATION\nIf an insect pest or disease and its management cannot be i dentified, call the attention of the pest specialist (entomologist/plant pathologist) or a team of pest specialists to properly identify the organism and decide on the appropriate course of action such as the use of pesticide, biological agent or cultural management.\nWeeds. To reduce weed population, a wide range of practices should be followed: proper land preparation, land leveling, water management, use of healthy and clean seeds, varieties with good early vigor, and\nsound and appropriate use of agrochemicals. Weed control is critical during the first 30 to 40 days after transplanting or direct wet-seeding.\nHarvest Management Key Check 8. Cut and threshed the crop at the right time.\nAssessment of Key Check. Harvest/reap the crop when 1/5 or 20% of the grains at the base of the panicle are in hard dough stage. Press a grain from the base of the panicle between the thumb and forefinger to assess hard dough stage. Most of the grains in the panicle will be golden yellow.\nImportance. Timely reaping and threshing ensure good grain quality, high market value, and consumer acceptance.\nReaping too early results in a larger percentage of immature grains and in lower milling recovery. Reaping too late leads to increased grain shattering and excessive losses in terms of breakage during milling.\nThresh the palay not later than one day after reaping for WS and not later than two days for DS. Use a clean thresher with the correct machine settings.\nHarvest/reap at 20-25% grain moisture content in wet season and 18-21% moisture content in dry season. It is advisable to use a grain moisture meter.\nAvoid piling the reaped crop in the field for more than a day as this results in heat buildup in the grain. This leads to grain discoloration and lowers the quality of milled rice.\nAdjust blower to the correct speed (approx. 800 rpm) to provide good initial cleaning of the harvest. A high -speed setting of threshing drum results in higher grain damage while a low speed setting increases the amount of non-threshed grain and results in grain loss.\n@Created by PDF to ePub", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native perennial grass with potential as a biofuel crop. The smut fungus, Tilletia maclaganii (Berk.) Clint., is associated with significant biomass reduction in switchgrass in the Midwest (4), but has not been reported in the northeast United States in more than 60 years (New York in 1890 and Pennsylvania in 1946) (2,3). From 2007 to 2010, smutted panicles were observed on the majority of plants in stands of several switchgrass cultivars at the USDA-NRCS Plant Materials Center in Big Flats (Chemung County), NY; in production fields of several switchgrass cultivars near Meadville (Crawford County), PA; and in an ornamental bed of switchgrass in Ithaca (Tompkins County), NY. Smutted panicles emerged 3 to 4 weeks prior to healthy panicles, had a compact, club-shaped appearance, and enlarged florets with swollen ovaries that readily released a powdery mass of odorless, rusty orange-to-dark brown teliospores when pinched. The entire caryopsis of every floret within a panicle was smutted and the infected plants appeared stunted, indicative of systemic infection. The fungus from each location was identified as T. maclaganii based on host, habit, and teliospore morphology (3). Teliospores were pale yellowish brown to reddish brown, varied from globose to slightly irregular in shape, and averaged 21 μm (18 to 25 μm) in diameter. The exospore was thick (2 to 3 μm), finely verrucose, and no sheath was present. True sterile cells, pale yellow and 10 to 18 μm in diameter, were sparsely present. Teliospores germinated and formed large (40 to 60 × 3 to 6 μm), nonconjugating basidiospores within 20 h on 2% water agar (WA). Occasionally, we also found the floret-infecting species T. pulcherrima (1) on switchgrass at very low incidence in Big Flats, NY, but it was easily distinguished from T. maclaganii. Stratified seeds (3 g) of ‘Shelter’, washed and found to be free of teliospores, were dusted with 0.04 g of teliospores of T. maclaganii isolate Tm001NY09 (Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium Accession CUP-67931) harvested from infected ‘Shelter’ in Big Flats, NY in 2009. Inoculated and noninoculated seeds were sown in seedling trays, transplanted, and evaluated at panicle emergence. There were no symptoms on plants from noninoculated seeds. Symptoms on inoculated plants were consistent with field observations and teliospores were reisolated from infected panicles and cultured on 2% WA. Teliospores harvested from a single panicle infected with Tm001NY09 were used for culturing and DNA extraction. The fully annotated sequence of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S regions of this isolate were deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JF745116). Smut outbreaks in New York and Pennsylvania suggest that T. maclaganii must be managed effectively if switchgrass production is to be sustainable in the Northeast.\nReferences: (1) L. M. Carris et al. Plant Dis. 92:1707, 2008. (2) R. Durán and G. W. Fischer. The Genus Tilletia. Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1961. (3) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/, May 3, 2011 (4) P. M. Thomsen et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-0317-01-RS. Plant Health Progress, 2008.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The “Lavender Porta”\nThe “Lavender Porta” was the dream realized by Eníd Keszthelyi and Tibor Keszthelyi.\nBoth are agricultural graduates, always wanting to live in Kékkút, and work in agriculture. In 2011, they planted their very first French lavender roots, brought in from Tihany, flowers of which were made into lavender syrup and lavender jelly, the following year. They started selling products in decorative hand-painted bottles (“Eníd Szávay Graphics”), at the Liliomkert Market (at the village of Káptalantóti). The market became very successful with visitors, later earning a trademark of the Balaton Uplands National Park. Encouraged by customer interest, they expanded their plantation, hoping that nearly two thousand lavender plants could meet the ever-growing demand.\nTheir products can be purchased not only at their home, but also at some resellers and catering venues.\nAt “Lavender Porta” they also work with dairy cattle, selling fresh milk, and processed dairy products.\nThey offer their guests dishes made from own products, and an opportunity to relax in the tree shade.\nAt their reception, it’s possible to organize family gatherings, class trips, quizzes, and professional meetings.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Illinois Nursery Inspection Program\nThe nursery program inspection staff of the Illinois Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Environmental Programs inspects and certifies nearly 900 nurseries in Illinois each year. These 900 nurseries are comprised of nearly 28,000 acres of nursery stock, 4,000 acres of Christmas trees, and 11,000 acres of sod. Department inspection staff members also inspect and certify approximately 40 shipping greenhouses twice each year. At present, nearly 4,200 nursery-stock-dealers are registered annually by the Department. The inspection of these plants and plant products benefit both consumers and growers by ensuring pest-free plant stock.\nAlso, certain nurseries and nursery dealers may be subject to additional state and federal restrictions. These additional restrictions are a result of the establishment of state and federal quarantines or other regulatory actions due to the possible presence of specific insect pests or plant diseases. Department staff members conduct special inspections and provide certifications regarding:\n- Compliance with the U.S. Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan - [http://nationalplantboard.org/japanese-beetle-harmonization-plan/]\n- Compliance with Gypsy Moth compliance agreements [https://www2.illinois.gov/sites/agr/Plants/Nurseries/Documents/gypsymothcomplainceagreement.pdf]; and\n- Certification of greenhouses that regularly ship internationally or to states requiring a statement of inspection.\nPlease use the links below to get a listing of currently licensed nursery dealers and nurserymen:\n- Application for Nursery/Greenhouse Certificate\n- Application for Nursery Dealer Certificate\n- Phytosanitary Request Form\n- PPQ FORM 525A- Application for Permit to Receive Soil\n- PPQ FORM 526- Application for Permit to Move Live Plant Pests or Noxious Weeds\n- PPQ FORM 585- Application for Permit to Import Timber or Timber Products\n- PPQ FORM 586- Application for Permit to Transit Plants and/or Plant Products through the U.S.\n- PPQ FORM 587 - Application for Permit to Import Plants or Plant Products\n- PPQ FORM 588- Application for Permit to Import Prohibited Plants or Plant Products for Experimental Purposes\n- PPQ FORM 621 - Application for General Permit to Engage in the Business of Importing, Exporting, or Reexporting Terrestrial Plants", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Help Us Grow! by sdw5262 | Aug 16, 2018 | Farm, Student Farm Club, Uncategorized | 0 comments We are honored to be a class gift of 2018! Please consider contributing to help us establish an endowment that will enable the farm to grow into the future. Give today! Submit a Comment Cancel replyYou must be logged in to post a comment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The First Signs of Spring\nThe first rhizomes have pushed their hop bines up through the most recent snowfall, claiming the season for spring.\nDon’t be too surprised if you don’t see them when you visit in the next couple of weeks. We’ll have to cut back this first growth so the second growth of the season will have double the energy and nutrients, in turn producing a higher yield.\nHop sprouts aren’t the only signs that spring is nearly here.\nOur two acres of Prickless Marionberries aren’t waiting around either. You can see the first leaves forming, smaller than a pinky nail. These berry canes will hold nectar-filled blossoms our bees will forage on to produce honey for our Honey Kolsch and, later, the and the sweet, juicy berries for Marionberry Braggot.\nCome April, the bees will flutter from flower to flower, capturing the true terroir of Rogue Farms.\nIn a few short weeks, we’ll begin stringing the hopyard. It’s impossible not to feel excited and invigorated this time of year as we get ready to roll up our sleeves and Grow the Revolution!\nJoin us at the Rogue Farms Chatoe Tasting Room, now open from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m., Wednesday through Sunday.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "NORTHEY COMMENTS ON IOWA CROP PROGRESS AND CONDITION REPORTWritten by Theresa Rose on July 25, 2017\nDES MOINES – Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey today commented on the Iowa Crop Progress and Condition report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service. The report is released weekly from April through October.\n“The hot and humid weather created stress for both crops and livestock last week, particularly in areas that have missed the recent rains. South central Iowa in very dry, with over 90 percent of top soil short or very short of moisture,” Northey said.\nThe weekly report is also available on the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship’s website at www.IowaAgriculture.gov<http://www.IowaAgriculture.gov> or on USDA’s site at www.nass.usda.gov/ia<http://www.nass.usda.gov/ia>. The report summary follows here:\nAbove normal temperatures were accompanied by widely varying rainfall and some severe weather during the week ending July 23, 2017, according to the USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Statewide there were 5.4 days suitable for fieldwork. Activities for the week included hauling grain, applying herbicides and insecticides, cultivating, and haying.\nTopsoil moisture levels rated 20 percent very short, 32 percent short, 45 percent adequate and 3 percent surplus. Over 90 percent of south central Iowa’s topsoil falls into the short to very short moisture level categories, while 99 percent of northeast Iowa’s topsoil falls into the adequate to surplus categories. Subsoil moisture levels rated 14 percent very short, 32 percent short, 52 percent adequate and 2 percent surplus.\nSeventy-four percent of Iowa’s corn crop has reached the silking stage, 4 days behind last year but 2 days ahead of the 5-year average. Corn conditions deteriorated slightly to 2 percent very poor, 6 percent poor, 24 percent fair, 55 percent good, and 13 percent excellent. Nearly three-quarters of the soybean crop was blooming, with 30 percent of soybeans setting pods, 1 day ahead of average. Soybean condition also dropped slightly with 62 percent rated good to excellent. Oats coloring reached 89 percent, one week behind last year. Forty-one percent of oats for grain or seed have been harvested, 4 days behind last year. Oat condition rated 71 percent good to excellent. Crops were described as suffering from heat stress and lack of moisture across much of the state.\nThe second cutting of alfalfa hay reached 90 percent complete and third cutting reached 8 percent, 5 days behind average. Hay condition rated 61 percent good to excellent. Pasture condition continued to decline with just 41 percent good to excellent. High temperatures and humidity were reported to cause normal summer heat stress to livestock, with some reports of heat-related deaths.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The FPA Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) conducted series of Accredited Safety Dispenser (ASD) trainings for the first quarter of 2020 by reaching out to the different agricultural cooperatives intending to be accredited as handlers in the remote communities of Mankayan and Bakun, Benguet.\nAround 179 participants benefitted in the training and information campaign conducted. They are comprised of LGU officials, cooperative members and officials, farmers, and other community members. Individual participants who came from other cooperatives and other nearby municipalities were also accommodated.\n“We hope that through the ASD trainings, we could be able to address the persisting irresponsible use of pesticides in Benguet,” the FPA CAR explained.\nThe field unit also said that bringing related activities in communities make government services accessible to far-flung and marginal communities. “The farmers, especially the mothers, could bring with them their children, and senior citizens, middle aged community members and barangay officials could walk-in and participate,” the field unit stated.\nThe FPA CAR narrates that a common site during on-site trainings is when farmers would bring with them their children while they listen to the discussions. Also, a mother could bring in dried garden pea pods and lets her child to remove the peas from their shells.\nThe field unit recognizes the contribution of the cooperatives and LGUs in the successful conduct of ASD trainings and information campaign. With FPA providing the technical assistance, the participants provided the other required resources such as food, venue and logistics.\nThe FPA CAR served the following cooperatives and LGUs through ASD trainings during the said period:\n- February 11-12, 2020: Cropzone Agriculture Cooperative, Balili, Mankayan, Benguet—27 participants\n- February 14-15: United Farmers of Cada Agriculture Cooperative, Balili, Mankayan, Benguet- 31 participants\n- March 3-4, 2020: Dada MPC & Dada Farmers’ Food Terminal, Bakun, Benguet- 50 participants\n- March 5-6, 2020: Hakbang sa Kaunlaran Association, Balili, Mankayan, Benguet- 27 participants\nMoreover, an education and information campaign on the safe and effective use of fertilizer and pesticide products was conducted at Kayapa, Bakun, Benguet on 26 February 2020, in partnership with NS Northern Organic Fertilizer, Inc. and Sinochem Crop Protection Products Phils., Inc. This is also in coordination with the Barangay Local Government Unit of Kayapa, Bakun and of a new licensed dealer of FP products in the area. Eigthy participants had attended the activity.\nThe ASD trainings were facilitated by FPA-CAR Regional Officer Reynaldo Segismundo, and Provincial Officers Rowena Billig and Rodell Goha-od.// Rowena F. Billig", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Once you’re growing a fruit tree, chances are you’ll eventually see problems occurring on the leaves, stems and/or fruit. This series of videos looks at some common fruit tree diseases and insects that affect the most common fruits gardeners grow. Often the best controls are cultural and occur early in the season.\nI cover insects and diseases on apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries and citrus. Contact your local Cooperative Extension or Master Gardeners in your state for details on specific diseases and insects in your area and their control.\nWritten by Charlie Nardozzi.\nFruit Tree Insects\nWhat’s Eating my Apples? Dealing with Common Apple Pests by Annette Frahm and Cisco Morris in Seattle, Washington. Cisco discusses apple maggot and codling moth insects, the damage they cause, and how to control them organically using panty hose and traps.\nCodling Moths: How to Keep the Worms Away Organically by Grow Organic Peaceful Valley in California. Tips on preventing codling moth insect damage, plus organic sprays, panty hose and baits to control them.\nPlum Curculio: This Could be Why You Don’t Get Fruit by James Prigioni in New Jersey. Covers the plum curculio insect, the fruits trees it attacks, the damage and why we should be concerned. Also covers organic controls, including garden sanitation, tree shaking, collecting adult insects. and kaolin clay spray.\nKeeping worms out of Backyard Cherries with Spinosad Bait by Washington State University. Slide show illustrating the cherry maggot insect pest, its damage and controls using spinosad bait.\nCherry Tree Limb Spreading and Peach Tree Borers by Oklahoma Gardening. Shows how to spread the limbs of cherry trees for good crotch angles, then covers controls for the peach tree borer. Suggests chemical and organic controls.\nHow to Control the Peach Tree Borer with Nematodes from New Mexico State Extension. This video covers peach tree borer damage and how to use beneficial nematodes to control peach tree borer insects.\nHow to Control Pests and Diseases on Citrus Trees by Oxley Nursery in Australia but the pests and controls are applicable for U.S. gardeners, as well. Mostly covers the basic insect problems such as leaf miners, scale and gall wasps.\nSolving Insect Problems on Citrus from Logees Greenhouses in Connecticut. A good look at the most common citrus insect pests, such as mealy bugs, scale and spider mites. Offers some good organic controls for home gardeners.\nFruit Tree Diseases\nFungus Among Us: Apple Scab and Powdery Mildew on Apples from Annette Frahm and Cisco Morris in Seattle, Washington. Cisco talks about two common apple diseases; scab and powdery mildew. He covers how to control these diseases with resistant varieties, good sanitation and good pruning.\nGummosis on Peach, Plum, Apricot and Cherry Trees by Colorado State University. Good basic slide show on what gummosis disease is, how to identify it, symptoms of the damage and how to control it.\nBlack Knot on Cherries and Plums by Clemson University in South Carolina. James Blake talks about black knot disease on cherries and plums, including identifying the damage, why it’s a problem and what to do to control it.\nHow to Prevent and Treat Fire Blight in your Organic Orchard by GrowOrganic Peaceful Valley in California. Covers fire blight disease on apples and pears, including the disease life cycle, damage and controlling this disease with proper sanitation, resistant varieties, pruning and organic sprays.\nPreventing and Treating Fire Blight by Oklahoma Gardening Classics also talks about fire blight, offering more suggestions on pruning and spraying.\nHow to Treat Citrus Greening Disease by This Old House, based in Massachusetts. Roger talks with an expert about greening disease on citrus, causes for the disease and how home gardeners can prolong the life of the tree using pruning techniques, compost, and compost teas.\nCitrus Problems by Central Florida Gardener. This video offers a quick look at nutrient problems, disease and insect damage on a variety of citrus trees with some practical home gardener controls.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Legume root nodules add nitrates to soil\nAll legumes have small nodules on their roots that contain many specialised bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen (not used by plants) into nitrites. These nitrites are then converted into nitrates, which are used by plants. This is an adaptation that legumes have developed that enable them to thrive in soils that are deficient in nitrates. Heavy nitrate feeders such as corn and leafy vegetables have difficulty growing in these soils.\nFor hundreds of years, farmers and gardeners have taken advantage of this by growing a crop of legumes to replenish soil nitrates prior to growing a crop of heavy nitrate feeders. This is a good practice, but it needs to be noted that they ploughed or dug the legume crop into the soil before it reached maturity and started to flower and produce seeds.\nThe Legume Myth!\nSo what does this mean for the backyard organic vegetable gardener? It is a myth that by growing a legume crop of beans or peas, enjoying the harvest and then digging the remaining plants back into the ground will replenish nitrates in the soil. Some benefit will be gained, but nowhere near as much as you may have thought.\nThe reason for this is because the legume uses the nitrates they produce for their own benefit. They use the nitrates produced for their own growth, flowering and seed development.\nWhen you harvest the beans or peas, you are removing from that little part of the ecosystem the nitrogen that was fixed by the bacteria.\nTherefore, you can definitely replace soil nitrogen using legumes. But, if your purpose for growing legumes is nitrate replenishment in the soil, consider growing a legume that you then dig into the soil before it starts to flower and produce seeds. This way you will maximise the nitrogen replenishment into the soil rather than removing it to your dinner plate.\nI am an educator and passionate gardener and traveler. Throughout my adult life, gardening has been my passion, therapy, drive and source of purpose. Even as a child I had an intrinsic interest in plants and a desire to understand what makes them grow.\nI distinctly remember the moment this began - my family was on one of our regular road trips from Hervey Bay; Australia. We were driving past a field of sugar cane. Dad pulled the car over and we cut a couple of sugar cane stems and brought them home for a treat. To be honest, I didn’t really like the taste, but I did want to try and grow it; and that is exactly what I did. It was then that my fascination, interest and passion for gardening and understanding plants began.\nFast forward a few years and I studied biological sciences and began what would be a 36 year career as a Biology educator. From this, I don’t only love gardening, but I also love helping others learn about gardening. I am also always looking for new ways to develop my own gardening knowledge. I like to think I am truly a life-long learner.\nFundamental to my beliefs about education is that learning is often best done as a part of a community - learning from others, and helping others to learn. It is this type of community that I hope iCultivate will be for its members - a community of gardeners, keen to share their gardening knowledge and wanting to learn about new ways to garden - a community built on the love of gardening.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hi! I already bought the Epapillon Hortiled 93W. and I asked them about how many units I need to get a yield like the 600W. HID, they told me this:\n\"You need 3 to 4 pcs to get the same or better yield. (but 3 pcs should be enough so you could try this first)\nIf you mount 4 pcs you can mount them 20 cm over the canopy, if you mount 3 pcs you can mount them 30 cm over the canopy.\nIf you have a fan in your room and you direct the airflow to the LED modules the LED modules gain in performance due to the increased cooling.\"\nGraphic with 3 LED modules:\nGraphic with 4 LED modules:\n- Do you think I should get a total of 3? or 4? modules to get a yield close to a 600w hid?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "María Olivia Díaz\nMaria Olivia Diaz grew up in the countryside in the south of Lempira, where from an early age she learned to value and respect nature. At the same time she began to look after the well being of the community in general.\nAfter finishing elementary school she decided to study Agronomy, doing her professional internship in the field of rural extension and healthy homes with the local inhabitants of Maiquira, Lempira. By working with families and local leaders she taught them innovative techniques for improved crop production.\nRight after that she entered the National Autonomous University of Honduras where she began the degree in Biology. There, she found her calling and along with investigation she wanted to share with the world the natural beauties of her country. So, she changed universities and began a degree in Ecotourism at the Metropolitana University of Honduras. With this degree she will be able to achieve a positive interaction with local communities, leaders and other key representatives by sharing her knowledge and encouraging the conservation of protected areas and its biodiversity.\nOlivia has field experience in inventorying and bird monitoring and has worked as a bird guide. She offers her time and knowledge in order to promote the protection of biodiversity by training the young generations and other interested people. She believes that activities such as bird watching are an important activity to help build the economy of the country.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "By Philip Blenkinsop, Reuters\nThe European Commission proposed revising its rules on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on Wednesday to loosen some restrictions for plants resulting from newer gene-editing technology.\nThe EU executive said the move would give farmers more resilient crops and reduce the use of chemical pesticides and offer consumers food with higher nutritional value.\nThe commission launched a review in 2021 after concluding that GMO legislation from 2001 was \"not fit for purpose\". The EU's top court had ruled in 2018 that genome-editing techniques should be governed by GMO rules.\nOn Wednesday (local time), the commission proposed splitting new genomic technique (NGT) plants into two categories.\nThose that could also occur naturally or by conventional breeding would be exempted from GMO legislation and labelling requirements. All other NGT plants would be treated as GMOs, requiring risk assessments and authorisation.\nPlants will qualify for the first category if there are no more than 20 genetic modifications.\nA faster track approval process would apply for the second category of plants if, for example, they were more tolerant to climate change or require less water or fertiliser.\nThe proposal needs approval from the European Parliament and EU governments and may be revised.\nThe most prominent example of the new technology is the CRISPR/Cas9 \"genome scissors\", for which Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\nBayer, the world's second-largest seeds and pesticides maker, described the proposal as \"ground-breaking\".\n\"Plant breeding normally takes more than a decade from the first positive research results to market entry. Gene editing allows us to cut five years out of this process,\" said Bayer's head of sustainability Matthias Berninger.\nBiotech industry group EuropaBio urged an extension of the rules to cover micro-organisms.\nEnvironmental groups say NGT plants need careful controls and the proposal risks making European farming dependent on large agribusiness companies.\nFriends of the Earth campaigner Mute Schimpf said it was essential labelling requirements remain so that consumers could make informed choices. The need to label has effectively prevented sales of GM food items to EU consumers.\nThis story was originally published by Reuters.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BioSwirskii, Amblyseius swirskii, Predatory mite for biological control of thrips and whiteflies\nAmblyseius swirskii is a member of Phytoseiidae family of predatory mites. It is native to the eastern Mediterranean, including Israel where it is found in citrus groves. The swirskii mite is an efficient predator of young stages of the western flower thrips as well as the eggs and young nymphs of white flies. It also feeds on red spider mites as well as on broad mites. In the absence of prey it can survive on pollen and nectar from flowers.\nThe life-cycle of swirskii mite is similar to other predatory mites and includes: egg, larvae, 2 nymphal stages and adult. A single egg or egg cluster, of 2-6 eggs, are laid on the underside of leaf. On a pepper leaf for example, the swirskii mites lay their eggs along the main vein where it intersects with the secondary veins.\nThe white oval shaped eggs change their color depending on the prey the mite is feeding upon. The developmental rate of swirskii mite depends on temperature, relative humidity and type of prey available.\nThis beneficial mite is active and reproductive at high temperatures and high relative humidity 79°F (26°C) and 70%, respectively). It does not hibernate and functions effectively, even on short days, if temperatures allow it.\nGreenhouse and outdoor vegetables, ornamentals and fruit trees\n- One quart (liter) container with a hole on the lid through which the contents are dispersed.\n- Each package contains ~50,000 swirski mites.\n- A prey mite, Carpoglyphus lactis, is mixed with the predatory mite. The former serves as a food source in production as well as during transport and shipment of the swirski product.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You can choose your poison (so to speak.) i’ve used herbacides specifically designed to kill ivy to eradicate the english ivy in our yard. Cut the ground cover free from trees or other vegetation if necessary.\nSpray the area of ivy you wish to kill, but be careful the glyphosate doesn't reach other plants you want to keep.\nKilling english ivy ground cover. This also works for nutgrass, honeysuckle and other tough invasive plants. Pennsylvania sedge, wild ginger, partridge berry, christmas fern, or allegheny. English ivy is difficult to kill with herbicides alone because the plant's leaves contain a waxy barrier that is difficult for products to penetrate.\nApply borax to kill ground ivy If you are wondering how to kill an ivy plant, you will find some help below. Glyphosate is the chemical that works most effectively to kill english ivy.\nOnce english ivy is removed from the ground, you can replace it with another, less aggressive ground cover. A sufficiently thick layer will deprive the ivy of light, air, and water and, in time, kill it. Where possible, the stems should be cut back to the ground and the woody stump dug out.\nIvy’s resilience and lush growth make killing english ivy or removing ivy from trees a difficult task, but not an impossible one. Cut the ground cover stems to 1 to 2 inches above the ground on a dry day when the plants are actively growing. When grown as a climbing vine, it can scale a structure 50 to 100 feet high, and it can spread the same distance.\nIn areas with little or no grass, this is an ideal natural strategy for ground ivy eradication. Here is a tip on the eradication of english ivy, if the plant are the size of the ones i killed on my mother's acreage. As an unwanted ground cover.\n4 continue to cut and pull runners from the lawn or landscape until what remains are several vines sticking up. The same traits that make english ivy (hedera helix) a wonderful ground cover can also make it a pain to remove from your yard. And it's great therapy too!\nThe leaves have to be bruised and broken to ally it to penetrate. If proximity to the tree’s roots prevents removal, regular cutting of the stems to ground level may weaken the ivy over time but is unlikely to kill it. A heavy pair of shoes will do the trick.\nHerbicides are harmful to desired plants, but you can apply them carefully so they only kill ground cover plants. The main vines were 4 to 5 inches through and went to the top of 100 foot trees. The salt will kill the roots of the english ivy plant so that it does not grow back.\nI took a portable drill and drilled a couple holes in the vine, about 3/8 of an inch in diameter and about 2 to 3 inches deep, at a. Vinegar to kill english ivy: Therefore, the most effective method.\nThe herbicide should contain glyphosate, triclopyr, imazapyr, or a combination of the three. English ivy is considered an invasive plant in many areas because it takes over areas so well. You can mow ivy groundcover to ground level several times a year to slowly kill the spreading vine.\nTo kill ground ivy in these areas, cover the ivy with a black plastic tarp and weigh down the edges to block all sunlight and water from reaching the plant. This should kill the ground ivy entirely within 4 weeks. Luckily, the natural and environmentally friendly combination of salt and vinegar can help homeowners and gardeners kill this plant.\nYou can also use newspapers, boxes, or black plastic sheeting in place of mulch. For better results, when english ivy has 2 to 4 fresh leaves, add the weed killer in the spring. One way is to cover the entire area where the ivy grows on the ground with a heavy mulch of dead grass, leaves, or other material.\nRemove it from the trees. Dig up all stems and woody roots. Roundup will kill english ivy quickly.\nWhen the season continues, english ivy appears less and less prone to glyphosate. English ivy can be killed with a simple vinegar and salt solution. You can accomplish this by stomping and grinding the plants down.\nEnglish ivy in trees can be killed by cutting the stems at the ground and removing the vines from the tree as high as you can easily reach. With a pair of thick gardening gloves, pull out any english ivy, making sure to remove all of the roots. An alternative is to use products such as dawn dish soap to create an english ivy killer.\nAdd salt, and stir until the salt has dissipated in the vinegar. The remaining vines in the tree will die and eventually fall off. After you cut the ivy, you’ll want to follow up with an herbicide to kill english ivy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Location: 152± acres of prime cultivation located 5 miles North of Trent and 5.5 miles Southwest of Noodle on FM 2660. Nicely located just West of Abilene!\nAcreage: 152+/- acres, all in cultivation.\nWater: Property has 1 well for livestock and coop water along FM 2660.\nSoil Type & Topography: Property is Level to nearly level. The soil is mostly Miles fine sandy loam and Miles Complex and known to be productive and capable of growing all locally grown crops. For a soil map, please CLICK HERE.\nFSA Program: The property is eligible to receive any qualified FSA programs if available.\nUtilities: Electricity is available on the Farm to market road.\nFencing: This property has 5 barbed wire fence on steel posts.\nMinerals: Seller does not know how much of the mineral estate he owns, but will sell all owned.\nBuyer’s Agent must be identified on first contact & must accompany buying prospect on all showings to be allowed full participation. If this condition is not met, fee participation will be at the sole discretion of Ekdahl Real Estate. No trespassing. Seller’s agent must be present for showings.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Siobhan very kindly brought us in some strawberry seeds to plant today. We learned that seeds need soil, water and light to grow. The strawberry seeds were tiny so we had to be very careful when sowing them in our pots. We remembered that the pumpkin seeds that we planted at Halloween were a lot bigger. We have put our seeds on the window sill and we will water them everyday and (fingers crossed!) they will start to grow soon.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BDO Foundation, the corporate social responsibility (CSR) arm of BDO Unibank, Inc. has partnered with the National University (NU) to further bring financial education to Filipino farmers nationwide.\nNU, in a recently signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with BDO Foundation, has agreed to develop simple accounting and bookkeeping modules for farmers. NU faculty members will then use these modules to train the farmers in communities to be identified by the Foundation.\n“Countless farmers still experience financial hardship partly because they lack financial education. They are skilled in crop production but they are not able to grow their business because they don’t know much about the financial side of farming. They do not know how to budget or differentiate between disposable income and what should be plowed back to production. Because of this, they are always in need of fresh funds and become victims of predatory lending,” BDO Foundation president Mario A. Deriquito said.\n“With the help of NU, farmers will learn simple accounting, bookkeeping, and even budgeting and financial planning,” Mr. Deriquito added.\nThrough this partnership, BDO Foundation hopes to give local farmers the opportunity to grow their business, alleviate themselves from poverty, and most of all improve financial literacy and inclusion in the country.\n“This collaboration is meant to further develop the education that we provide our students, as it cuts across not just academics, but also research, and community engagement,” NU president Renato Carlos H. Ermita Jr., for his part, said.\nSelected senior students from NU’s College of Business and Accountancy will likewise be involved in the program, as observers during the training, and as researchers, who will monitor the progress of the farmers and the effectiveness of the training.\n“We are very excited with this partnership because it does not only allow us to apply our academic theories in the real world; it also helps us develop our students into well-rounded individuals. It teaches them the value of helping their fellow Filipinos,” NU vice president for Academics Rachel Roxas added.\nMoving forward, BDO Foundation and NU will also collaborate on other projects such a capacity-building program for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in coordination with BDO subsidiary One Network Bank, a research project to support the Foundation’s financial education for public schools, and other similar initiatives.\nBanner photo:Officers of BDO Foundation and National University sign a Memorandum of Understanding to develop simple accounting and bookkeeping modules for farmers, thereby giving them the opportunity to grow their business and, more importantly, improve their financial literacy. Contributed photo", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vigoro All-Purpose Potting Mix has been specially blended to be used in containers and pots, indoors or out. This mix, certified by the Mulch and Soil Council, retains moisture to help out your fruit, flowers, vegetables. The Vigoro All-Purpose Potting Mix also continuously feeds for up to 9 months.\n- For fruits, flowers, vegetables and herbs\n- Retains moisture for less watering\n- 9-months continuous feeding\n- All-purpose potting mix\n- Specially blended for indoor and outdoor containers and pots\n- Invigorate your lawn or garden with a wide assortment of exclusive Vigoro products.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We started this business a few years ago after a call to “return to life in nature” led to the purchase of an apple orchard as well as the chestnut farm next door. We decided to start small and head to Sydney with one farm stand to sell our apples and a handful of other vegetables. As we shared our story and demand grew, we began connecting with our neighbors and farm friends to supply more and more stock. Our one stand grew to several stands as well as an online store with home deliveries. .\nWe cut out the middleman to ensure that our farmers get up to 100% more for the produce they grow and we work with real people that we know, like, and trust to deliver the freshest produce picked at peak ripeness.\nWe have you, the customer, and our community in mind with everything we do. That’s why we donate 10% of all online sales to local charities. We believe that our work is about changing the health and wealth of this world, one bite at a time!\n- What’s On\n- Out & About", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Growers take over factory operations at Sydney, MT, plant.\nGrowers shipping to the Holly Sugar Corporation factory in Sydney, MT, have recently taken over factory operations because of low temperatures and possible frost damage in early October.\nTerry Cayko, vice president of the Montana-Dakota Beet Growers Association, says growers are paying all expenses but are receiving 100 percent of both sugar and by-products. He explains the company sought not to take risks with possible storage problems in the frozen crop.\nCayko says temperatures dropped to the teens Oct. 5 and held there for three days until dropping into the single digits Oct. 8. They then jumped to the mid-20s Oct. 9. He says growers had harvested about 40 percent of the crop as of Oct. 4.\nBut the damage may not be as extensive as growers feared. Cayko explains the beets look good. They are processing the portion of the crop harvested after Oct. 5 before those harvested prior to that date. He says the average yield is around 22.5 tons per acre with a sugar rate at around 18.4 percent. Cayko says the factory was recovering over 19 percent sugar from beets dug before the frost.\nCayko says it will take the factory about 90 days to slice the frozen beets. He says processing should go well as long as temperatures stay below 25 degrees during November, December and January when they are stored.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Global Food Security\nAn innovative seed industry is essential for sustainable growth in crop yields. However, recent mergers and takeovers in the global seed industry have attracted much debate in terms of their potential to stifle competition and innovation. A recent OECD study has collected new detailed information on the degree of concentration in markets for seed across a broad range of crops and countries. These data allow a more informed debate on the extent, causes, and potential effects of market concentration. The data indicate important differences across crops and countries in the level of concentration, but show no systemic evidence for harmful effects on prices or innovation.\nMany developing economies suffer from a lack of reliable rainfall measurements due to a lack of funds and a shortage of equipment – such as gauges and radars. Even if countries are equipped with these monitoring instruments, they all have limitations. Rain gauges, meteorological instruments that collect falling water drops, only provide a very local observation. However, the intensity of rainfall can be completely different from one location to another, sometimes even if it's less than a few hundreds of metres away. Radars use radio waves to get precipitation estimates but they may not always be efficient. For example, their beams might get blocked in mountainous regions.\nKenya faces one of the most challenging years when it comes to food security. According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation, food security is achieved. when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic knocked on its door, the country faced a devastating desert locust invasion. This added to constraints posed by excessive rainfall experienced from October 2019. The worst food insecurity that Kenya has faced in recent years was in 2017 and 2008. The food production deficit and food prices were their highest ever in these years.\n[学术文献] The influence of crop insurance agents on coverage choices: The role of agent competition 进入全文\nWe examine how competition among crop insurance agents affects coverage choice in the federal crop insurance program. Agents may influence producers’ insurance decisions to maximize their total compensation. We develop a theoretical model of producer–agent interaction to examine how loss potential, agent compensation mechanisms, and market competition affect the coverage level selected. Using crop insurance unit‐level datasets from five states, we find evidence that agent market concentration and agents’ market share matter in the insurance coverage decisions of producers but that the economic significance of the influence is relatively small. Agent influence over coverage level, premium, and liability choice is generally positive but inconsistent across states, which may be attributable to differences in loss risk and agent compensation mechanisms.\n[学术文献] Measurement errors in agricultural data and their implications on marginal returns to modern agricultural inputs 进入全文\nThe low uptake of modern agricultural technologies in sub‐Saharan African countries has encouraged researchers to revisit the returns to (or profitability of) these agricultural inputs. A related strand of literature is exploring the allocative efficiency of these factors of production in African agriculture. However, all these studies rely on self‐reported agricultural data, which are prone to nonclassical measurement errors, the errors in these data are correlated with the true values of variables of interest. In this article we investigate the implication of measurement errors in self‐reported agricultural input and production data on marginal returns to these modern agricultural inputs. We consider a generic two‐sided measurement error problem where both production and inputs can be measured with error, and these errors can be correlated. We employ both self‐reported and objective measures of production and plot size to compute output elasticities under these alternative measurement scenarios. We find that using self‐reported production and plot size overestimates output elasticities and hence marginal returns to modern agricultural inputs (including chemical fertilizer and improved seed). These results are noteworthy in terms of informing conventional technology diffusion strategies as well as in view of revisiting existing presumptions about the profitability of modern agricultural inputs.\nGlobal Food Security\nMany governments subsidize agricultural insurance for farmers. There are several reasons behind these subsidies, some having to do with market failures that constrain the development of private insurance markets, and some having more overt political and social objectives. While there would appear to be many contexts in which subsidized agricultural insurance has the potential to offer attractive benefits, experience shows that once introduced, well known challenges with the design and operation of agricultural insurance programs, poor design of subsidies, plus political dynamics can all contribute to disappointing results, an expensive draw on government budgets, and the creation of disincentive problems that lead to significant economic costs and inefficiencies, and in some circumstances, to environmental degradation. To avoid these problems, any insurance subsidy needs to be carefully designed to be “smart”, in the sense that it is cost effective in achieving its underlying purpose, minimizes disincentive problems, and does not become a growing financial burden on the government. Also, before subsidizing insurance, governments should first ensure that the basic public goods needed to create an enabling environment for insurance are in place, without which insurance markets cannot be expected to work well nor subsidies to achieve their intended purposes. This paper discusses these issues and proposes some best practice guidelines for the design and implementation of subsidized agricultural insurance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Imagine a time when the Mediterranean was a hub of cultural exchange and exploration, where Greek settlers ventured far beyond their homeland to establish colonies in Southern Italy. As they planted their roots in new soil, they brought with them not just their language and customs, but also their passion for winemaking. This article takes a closer look at the profound impact of Greek colonization on local winemaking practices in Southern Italy, exploring how these ancient settlers forever transformed the region’s viticulture and leaving a lasting legacy that still resonates to this day. So grab a glass of wine, sit back, and prepare to journey through history as we uncover the fascinating story of how the Greeks forever shaped Italian winemaking.\nBrief overview of Greek colonization of Southern Italy\nThe Greek colonization of Southern Italy had a profound impact on the region’s winemaking practices. In the 8th to 6th centuries BCE, Greek city-states, such as Syracuse and Tarentum, established colonies along the coast of Southern Italy. These colonies not only brought Greek culture and civilization to the area but also introduced new winemaking techniques, grape varieties, and a thriving trade network that transformed the local wine industry. This article delves into the historical background of Greek colonization, the influence of Greek winemaking techniques, the impact on local winemaking practices, the development of trade and viticulture, cultural exchange and wine consumption, archaeological evidence and historical writings, and the lasting legacy of Greek colonization on Southern Italian winemaking.\nHistorical background of Greek colonization\nReasons for Greek colonization in Southern Italy\nThe colonization of Southern Italy by the Greeks was driven by various factors. One of the primary reasons was the search for new agricultural land. The Greeks sought fertile territories to cultivate crops and establish prosperous communities. Southern Italy, with its favorable climate and fertile soil, offered an abundance of opportunities for settlement and agriculture. The Greeks also aimed to establish trade routes to facilitate the exchange of goods and ideas, and Southern Italy’s strategic location made it an ideal gateway to the Mediterranean. Additionally, the Greeks were motivated by their desire to spread their culture and establish new Greek city-states, ensuring their dominance in the Mediterranean region.\nTimeline of Greek settlements in Southern Italy\nGreek colonization in Southern Italy spanned several centuries, with various city-states establishing colonies during different time periods. In the 8th century BCE, the island of Sicily saw the foundation of major Greek colonies like Syracuse, Gela, and Agrigento. These settlements quickly became influential centers of trade and culture. Moving further north, in the 7th century BCE, the Greeks founded colonies such as Croton and Sybaris on the Italian mainland. These cities flourished and became renowned for their wealth and architectural marvels. By the 6th century BCE, the colonization efforts extended to regions like Campania and Calabria, further solidifying Greek influence in Southern Italy.\nInfluence of Greek winemaking techniques\nIntroduction of new grape varieties\nOne of the significant contributions of Greek colonization to Southern Italian winemaking was the introduction of new grape varieties. The Greeks brought with them a wide array of grapevine cultivars, which differed from the native Italian varieties. These foreign grape varieties enriched the local viticultural landscape and contributed to the diversity of flavors and aromas in Southern Italian wines. Varieties such as Aglianico, Greco, and Primitivo gained popularity and have continued to be important cultivars in the region to this day.\nImprovement in winemaking processes\nNot only did the Greeks introduce new grape varieties, but they also brought innovative winemaking techniques to Southern Italy. Greek winemakers were renowned for their expertise in viticulture and oenology. They introduced the practice of pruning grapevines, which enhanced grape quality and increased yields. The Greeks also developed sophisticated methods of vine trellising, maintaining the vines’ health and optimizing sun exposure. Additionally, they introduced the use of stone wine presses, which improved the efficiency of grape extraction, leading to higher-quality wines.\nIntroduction of amphorae for wine storage\nAnother significant contribution of Greek winemaking to Southern Italy was the introduction of amphorae for wine storage. The Greeks utilized these clay vessels to transport and store their wines, ensuring their preservation during long voyages. The shape and design of the amphorae allowed for proper aeration and temperature control, essential for maintaining wine quality. The use of amphorae in Southern Italy revolutionized the practicality of wine storage and transportation, enabling the local winemakers to broaden their reach and establish a flourishing trade network.\nImpact on local winemaking practices\nAdoption of Greek winemaking techniques by the locals\nThe arrival of the Greeks in Southern Italy brought about a significant shift in the local winemaking practices. The native Italian population quickly recognized the superiority of Greek winemaking techniques and began adopting them in their own vineyards and wineries. The art of pruning and vine trellising, as well as the use of stone wine presses, became widespread in the region. The local winemakers eagerly embraced these techniques, which ultimately led to the development of a more refined and efficient winemaking process.\nIncorporation of Greek grapes into local wine production\nThe introduction of Greek grape varieties also had a profound impact on local wine production. The native Italians quickly realized the exceptional qualities of these imported grapes and began incorporating them into their winemaking. The blending of Greek and local grape varieties resulted in unique flavor profiles and enhanced the complexity of Southern Italian wines. This fusion of different grape varieties cultivated a rich and diverse wine culture in the region, further establishing Southern Italy as a significant player in the wine industry.\nSpread of vine cultivation in Southern Italy\nGreek colonization acted as a catalyst for the spread of vine cultivation in Southern Italy. The Greeks brought with them advanced agricultural practices, which resulted in an exponential increase in vineyard plantations throughout the region. The colonization efforts led to the establishment of numerous Greek farms and settlements, which relied heavily on viticulture for sustenance and trade. Over time, Southern Italy transformed into a hub of vine cultivation, bolstering the local economy and solidifying the region’s reputation as a prominent wine-producing area.\nDevelopment of trade and viticulture\nEstablishment of trade routes for wine export\nGreek colonization brought about a flourishing trade network centered around wine. The Greeks established active trade routes from Southern Italy to various Mediterranean regions, facilitating the export of local wines. The Greeks’ superior winemaking techniques and renowned wine production capabilities made Southern Italian wine highly sought after in the Mediterranean market. This expansion of trade not only boosted the region’s economic growth but also enabled cultural exchange and contributed to the diffusion of Greek and local winemaking practices.\nPromotion of Southern Italian wines in the Mediterranean region\nAs a result of Greek colonization, Southern Italian wines gained widespread recognition and demand in the Mediterranean region. The Greeks actively promoted and exported their wines, which showcased the unique characteristics and flavors of the region. Southern Italian wines became highly valued commodities, enjoyed and admired by people from various cultures. This cross-cultural appreciation for Southern Italian wines contributed to their reputation as exceptional products, further stimulating the growth of viticulture and enhancing the region’s status as a top wine-producing area.\nEconomic growth through viticulture\nViticulture, spurred by Greek colonization, became a vital source of economic growth in Southern Italy. The establishment of vineyards and wineries created numerous job opportunities and stimulated local industries. The production and export of wine generated substantial revenue, contributing to the region’s prosperity. The economic success brought about by viticulture allowed for significant advancements in infrastructure, agriculture, and education, further enhancing the overall quality of life in Southern Italy.\nCultural exchange and wine consumption\nIntroduction of Greek wine-drinking customs\nGreek colonization not only impacted winemaking but also influenced the wine-drinking customs of the native Italians. The Greeks introduced their sophisticated wine rituals and customs, which significantly altered the way wine was consumed in Southern Italy. Wine-drinking became an integral part of social gatherings and religious ceremonies, reflecting the influence of Greek culture. The art of wine tasting, wine pairing, and conviviality, all bestowed upon the locals by the Greeks, became deeply ingrained in Southern Italian wine culture.\nInfluence of Greek religious practices on wine consumption\nGreek religious practices played a crucial role in shaping wine consumption habits in Southern Italy. The Greeks associated wine with their gods and incorporated it into religious ceremonies. They considered wine as a gift from the gods, symbolizing divine blessings and spiritual connection. The native Italians embraced these religious practices, and wine became an integral element of their own religious rituals. Wine-drinking became intertwined with spirituality and played a vital role in the expression of local religious beliefs, thanks to the profound influence of Greek colonization.\nIntegration of Greek and local wine cultures\nGreek colonization led to a harmonious integration of Greek and local wine cultures in Southern Italy. As the local Italians adopted Greek winemaking techniques, grape varieties, and wine-drinking customs, a unique fusion of traditions emerged. The Greeks and Italians learned from each other, blending their expertise, preferences, and values. This cultural exchange fostered a vibrant atmosphere of wine appreciation and cooperation, leaving a lasting legacy on Southern Italian winemaking and contributing to the richness and diversity of the region’s wine culture.\nArchaeological evidence and historical writings\nExcavations of Greek settlements and wine-related artifacts\nArchaeological excavations conducted in Southern Italy have unearthed valuable evidence of Greek winemaking practices and their influence on the local culture. The discovery of ancient Greek settlements, such as Sybaris and Taras, revealed wine-related artifacts, including amphorae, winepresses, and drinking vessels. These findings provide insights into the winemaking techniques employed by the Greeks and the ways in which wine was consumed and celebrated in Southern Italy. The archaeological evidence serves as a tangible testament to the enduring impact of Greek colonization on the region’s winemaking heritage.\nAccounts of ancient writers on Greek winemaking in Southern Italy\nNumerous ancient writers, such as Strabo and Pliny the Elder, have documented the influence of Greek winemaking in Southern Italy. Their accounts shed light on the prominence of Southern Italian wines and emphasize the pivotal role played by Greek colonization in elevating the region’s winemaking status. These ancient writings describe the high quality and distinctiveness of Southern Italian wines, highlighting their reputation as prestigious products in the ancient world. The writings of these historians and geographers serve as valuable historical records, affirming the enduring significance of Greek colonization on Southern Italian winemaking.\nLegacy of Greek colonization on Southern Italian winemaking\nContinued use of Greek winemaking techniques\nThe influence of Greek colonization on Southern Italian winemaking remains evident even to this day. The techniques introduced by the Greeks, such as pruning, vine trellising, and the use of stone wine presses, continue to be employed by local winemakers. These practices, refined and adapted over the centuries, have become fundamental components of the Southern Italian winemaking tradition, showcasing the enduring legacy of Greek colonization in the region.\nPreservation of Greek grape varieties\nGreek colonization also ensured the preservation of Greek grape varieties in Southern Italy. The cultivation and propagation of grape varieties like Aglianico, Greco, and Primitivo have been safeguarded by successive generations of winemakers. These grapes, once introduced by the Greeks, have become deeply ingrained in the local viticultural landscape. The commitment to preserving the ancient Greek grape varieties is a testament to the enduring connection between Southern Italian winemaking and its Hellenic roots.\nInfluence on modern Southern Italian wine industry\nThe Greek colonization of Southern Italy has left an indelible impact on the modern wine industry in the region. The techniques, traditions, and grape varieties introduced by the Greeks continue to shape and define Southern Italian wines. The region’s wines remain highly regarded and acclaimed, reflecting a long-standing legacy of quality and excellence that can be traced back to the influence of Greek colonization. The rich history and cultural heritage established by the Greeks continue to be celebrated and cherished by winemakers and wine enthusiasts alike, ensuring that the region’s winemaking legacy endures for generations to come.\nSummary of the impact of Greek colonization on local winemaking\nThe Greek colonization of Southern Italy revolutionized the local winemaking industry in numerous ways. Through their introduction of new grape varieties, innovative winemaking techniques, and establishment of trade routes, the Greeks transformed Southern Italy into a prominent wine-producing region. The adoption of Greek winemaking practices by the locals, combined with the integration of Greek and local wine cultures, created a unique and vibrant winemaking tradition that continues to thrive today. Archaeological evidence and historical writings further validate the profound impact of Greek colonization on Southern Italian winemaking.\nThe lasting influence of Greek culture on Southern Italian wines\nThe enduring legacy of Greek colonization is evidenced by the continued use of Greek winemaking techniques, preservation of Greek grape varieties, and the remarkable influence on the modern Southern Italian wine industry. The customs, practices, and flavors introduced by the Greeks continue to define Southern Italian wines, keeping alive the connection between the region and its Hellenic heritage. The profound influence of Greek culture on Southern Italian wines is a testament to the enduring power of cultural exchange and the significance of historical legacies in shaping the world of wine.\nFranco Deville, an esteemed wine connoisseur and author, is the visionary behind “Wines of Madeira.” His extensive background in viticulture and wine tasting enriches his detailed guide on Madeira wines. Franco’s dedication to traditional winemaking and innovative approaches has established him as an influential voice in the wine community.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Side inlet irrigation demonstration\n- Published: Monday, Feb. 10, 2020\nSide inlet irrigation systems deliver water to each bay of a rice field at the same time. This is usually accomplished by placing above-ground irrigation pipe along the side of the field with inlets into each bay. By comparison, a conventional \"cascade\" irrigation system has a single water inlet at the upper end of the field. Each bay is filled to capacity before water cascades into an adjacent bay.\nSide inlet rice irrigation provides greater control of water and is easier to manage. The benefits of the side inlet system include water conservation, lower energy cost and reduced cold water damage to rice. Because the whole field is flooded in a more timely and uniform manner, weed control and nitrogen fertilizer retention are much improved. Nutrient and chemical loss are also reduced because of less runoff exiting fields.\nA rice irrigation demonstration was established near Morehouse, Missouri with Jennings Brothers Farms, Inc.1 to compare water use between traditional cascade and side inlet irrigation systems. Each side inlet system was designed using the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)2 Natural Resources Conservation Service Side Inlet Irrigation Computer Programs.\nTwo large-scale side inlet fields (25 acres and 46 acres) were compared with one cascade field (39 acres). Irrigation flow instruments and electric meters were used to monitor irrigation events. Both methods were utilized on the cascade system. These data were then compared to electric meter readings on Side Inlet Field A and flow meter readings on Side Inlet Field B. Onset of initial flooding was within one day for each field. No levee gates were installed in Side Inlet Field B. Thus, water distribution was solely dependent upon the pipe design.\nIrrigation requirements for both of the side inlet fields were substantially less than the cascade field. Because gate settings in side inlet fields are maintained above the desired flood level, rainfall can be collected during the growing season. In 1998, the cooperators reported 8 inches of rain at the demonstration site.\nElectric meter readings from Side Inlet Field A indicate that 39% less energy was required for irrigation. Flow meter readings on Side Inlet Field B, where the water holding capacity of the soil was superior to Field A, indicate that 60% less irrigation was required.\nEach side inlet system in this demonstration required less irrigation application for rice. Although the demonstration was not a replicated experiment, numerous observations over the last several seasons have convinced us that the side inlet system saves substantial water. Savings in application rates have consistently ranged between 30–50%.\nFor further information about side inlet or for design assistance contact any USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) office in southeast Missouri. This service is free of charge.\nWritten by Steven Hefner, USDA-NRCS resource conservationist; John Hester, USDA-NRCS irrigation management engineer; and Clayton Robertson, USDA-NRCS resource conservationist\nThe side inlet demonstration was partially funded by Region VII, U.S. EPA, through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, under Section 319 of the Clean Water Act. This grant is administered by the Bootheel Resource Conservation and Development Council Inc.\n1The USDA-NRCS Irrigation & Water Quality Office staff would like to express their gratitude to the cooperators, Tom and Dan Jennings.\n2The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (Voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th & Independence Avenue, SW, Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (Voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.\nUse Tab key to loop through the section below. Press Enter or Space to enter content for each tab button. Press Esc key to exit and to go to the next section at any time.\nEvent date: Aug. 19, 2022\nEvent time: 11:00 am - 1:30 pm\nEvent date: Aug. 19, 2022\nEvent time: 12:30 pm - 4:15 pm\nEvent date: Aug. 20, 2022\nEvent time: 9:00 am - 12:00 pm\nNews & articles\nPublished: Tuesday, Aug. 16, 2022\nCEUHazardous Materials and Weapons of Mass Destruction Incident Response Awareness\nJuly 1, 2022 - June 30, 2023", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Common mistaken belief of some garden enthusiasts is to take care of plants with Treegator watering bags simply when it is newly planted and are being overlooked when they are mature. If they become unhealthy and broken, individuals begin to be startled. Actually, plants are being extra cared for when it is newly planted and are repeatedly taken care (whether period by period or year by year) as it grows and expands. A plant’s appeal is shows the treatment that you put into them; a healthy plant is a satisfied plant. Thus, healthy plants are commonly to be the most lovely plants.\nLooking after your plants is shown by sprinkling it. Appropriately, the most important time to sprinkle it is when it’s newly planted and throughout the dry spells. Deep-soaking sprinkling utilizing Tree Gator bags is best to do. If you have actually made a basin around the plant on growing day, as opposed to the water dribbling away, the water streams where it is needed.\nPlace a hose at the base of the plant and run it on a slow decrease. To ensure that the water is taking in, inspect it back on intervals. If it starts to overflow, quit, let the plants took in the water, and proceed.\nIf you are unsure if the water system is actually reaching the root systems, attempt to dig regarding a foot down utilizing a trowel. You may be stunned when you discover that water is being rapid absorbed by plants.\nNew and youthful plants have to be soaked twice a week in their plants and for fully grown plants, they can be soaked longer. On how long you will certainly wet it will certainly depend on the type of plant, soil, and the climate. Vegetation obtain grown by water around once or twice a month throughout the height of summertime. The use of Treegator watering bags functions marvels for this type of sprinkling.\nDo not hang around up until the plant is dropping leaves to apply extra water, particularly in a drought. Protecting water is very stressful for a weakened plant.\nTree Gator watering bags are very useful for sprinkling newly planted plants. At the ground level, position the tools around the plant and fill them with water. They are developed to slowly discharge water and it will delicately saturate the soil around the root systems without running.\nVegetation needs to be cared for not simply when they are newly planted utilizing Treegator bags, but up until they develop. Vegetation provide a great deal of benefit to us and in order to achieve these advantages, we need to work it out due to the fact that ultimately it will certainly be settled.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "6.30PM 2 July 2003, Horticulture Research International Wellesbourne\nThe Horticulture Research International Association (HRIA) invites you to HRI Wellesbourne for an informal evening walk around the site on Wednesday 2nd July at 6.30pm. You will have the opportunity to see many of HRI's world-class facilities and to hear about the exciting Research & Development projects being undertaken.\nThe facilities at Wellesbourne, sited on an estate of over 200 ha, include high specification containment glasshouses, an insect rearing unit and a range of sites for field experiments, including an organic area registered with the Soil Association. HRI Wellesbourne has recently joined the Countryside Stewardship Scheme and there will be an opportunity to discuss this with Matt Willmott from Defra, who assisted HRI with its Stewardship Scheme application.\nA small team of HRI specialists will be on hand to discuss their work, including:\n- Steve Adams, specialist in the physiology and agronomy of protected crops, particularly tomatoes and bedding plants.\n- Rosemary Collier, vegetable specialist and entomologist specialising in the pests of field vegetables and bulbs.\n- Brian Smith, specialist in vegetables, with a particular interest in plant genetic resources and improvement of allium crops.\n- Dave Pink, plant geneticist specialising in host plant resistance to pests and diseases and quality traits of lettuce and brassicas.\n- Sally Mann and Robin Wood, Horticultural Services Managers.\n- Mike Davies, United Agri Products, who advises HRI on cereal agronomy, will also be in attendance.\nTea and coffee will be available in the staff restaurant and the staff bar will be open.\nNon Members Welcome\nThere is no charge to attend this event and BASIS Points will be awarded on the day.\nMiss Michelle King,\nFax: 01789 470552\nTel: 01789 470382", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Last Updated: November 21, 2023, 6:37 PM IST\nThe Supreme Court on Tuesday rapped the Punjab government for not taking strict actions against stubble burning, one of the biggest causes of air pollution in Delhi-NCR, and observed that farmers are presented as villains while not getting adequate chances to be heard in court.\nThe apex court made the observations while hearing a series of petitions on the toxic air across Delhi that has created a chokehold-like situation for the residents of the national capital.\nAccording to HT, a bench of Justices SK Kaul and S Dhulia directed the Punjab and Delhi governments to take action against the burning of agricultural waste, which added significantly to Delhi’s AQI crisis.\nThe bench also stated the AAP-led Punjab government’s report suggested that over 8,400 meetings were held with farmers and farmer leaders to convince them to not burn paddy straws by state house officers but still the number of farm fires could not be abated, the publication reported.\nThe court also questioned Bhagwant Mann’s government about why the process of crop residue management is not completely free and why the administration is failing to fund the cost of petrol or diesel needed for the same.\n“Why doesn’t the Punjab government make the process of crop residue 100% free? To burn it, all the farmer needs to do is light a matchstick. Machine for the management of crop residue to farmers is not everything. Even if the machine is given for free, there is diesel cost, manpower, etc,” HT quoted the SC as saying.\nFor this purpose, the apex court asked the Punjab government to take inspiration from its neighbouring state Haryana, which offered financial incentives and managed to significantly bring down stubble burning.\n“The state of Punjab should also take a cue from the state of Haryana in the manner in which financial incentives are given,” said the Supreme Court.\nMeanwhile, several farmer bodies in Punjab on Monday held protests at the offices of deputy commissioners and sub-divisional magistrates at many places, seeking the withdrawal of cases registered against farmers for burning stubble.\nThe protesting farmers, who also demanded a long-lasting solution for paddy straw, brought stubble-laden trolleys to several offices of DCs and SDMs.\nThe agitating farmers demanded the withdrawal of legal actions, including registration of FIRs and rollback of the fine imposed on farmers for burning crop residue. They also demanded an increase in sugarcane rates and fair compensation for land acquisition under the Bharatmala projects.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Permanent Link:\n- Systemic insecticides for cattle grub control\n- Series Title:\n- Everglades Station Mimeo Report\n- Harris, E. D\nGenung, William G., 1915-1982\nChapman, H. L ( Herbert L. ), 1923-\nEverglades Experiment Station\n- Place of Publication:\n- Belle Glade Fla\n- Everglades Experiment Station\n- Publication Date:\n- Physical Description:\n- 4 leaves : ; 29 cm.\n- Subjects / Keywords:\n- Warble flies -- Control -- Florida ( lcsh )\nCattle -- Diseases and pests -- Florida ( lcsh )\nLarvae ( jstor )\nCattle ( jstor )\nWildlife damage management ( jstor )\n- non-fiction ( marcgt )\n- General Note:\n- \"July, 15 1958.\"\n- General Note:\n- Caption title.\n- Statement of Responsibility:\n- E.D. Harris, Jr. , W.G. Genung and H.L. Chapman, Jr.\n- Source Institution:\n- University of Florida\n- Rights Management:\n- All applicable rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.\n- Resource Identifier:\n- 65388970 ( OCLC )\nEverglades Station Mimeo Report 59-1\nSystemic Insecticides for Cattle Grub Control .\nE. D. Harris, Jr., W. G. Genung and H. L. Chapman, Ji.\nThe cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (De Vill.), which may also be called .\nthe heel fly or ox warble, has become of increasing concern to the Everglades\ncattleman. During the winter and spring cattle can be seen running rapidly\nacross the field with their tails in the air. These animals are being chased\nby a hairy fly about the size of a honey bee. These flies lay eggs on hairs\non the lower portion of the legs or the belly of the animal. The eggs hatch\nin three to seven days and the small maggot or grub crawls down the hair and\nbores into the skin. Each maggot tunnels through the animal's body for about\nsix months until it reaches the back. It bores a hole in the hide through which\nit breathes. It stays at this location for about two months where it grows to\nbe about one inch in length. When mature the maggot squeezes its way through\nthe hole and falls to the ground where it seeks protection on or in the soil.\nIt then forms a hard skin about itself and remains in this condition which is\ncalled the pupal stage for about a month before the case is broken open and an\nadult fly emerges from it. Adult flies soon mate and the females begin laying\neggs on cattle. In the Everglades, grubs have been noticed in the backs of the\nanimals during nearly every month of the year, but mainly occur during a period\nextending from about September through April.\nUntil recently there was no satisfactory method for controlling these pests.\nThe grubs in the backs of the animals could be killed by rotenone sprays or dusts\nbut at this time they had already caused the animal much irritation and damaged\nthe meat and the hide. About the only thing that this measure can accomplish is\nto lower the population of adult flies but even this is ineffective unless all\nof the cattlemen in an area participate.\nRecently two insecticides that will kill cattle grubs anyplace within the\nanimal's body have been approved by the U.S.D.A. for use on cattle. These insecti-\ncides, Trolene and Co-ral, are also effective against screw-worms, horn flies,\nand many other insect pests of livestock. Both materials were tested this yeat\nat the Everglades Experiment Station in an effort to find the most effective\nmaterial and the best month for application to control cattle grub.\nEach animal was given only a single application of either Trolene or Co-ral\non May 6-7, June 3-4, July 8, August 22, or September 16. Ten yearling cattle\nwere treated with each chemical on each date. These cattle were approximately\neight to nine months old at the first treatment date. Trolene was administered\nas an oral drench whereas Co-ral was applied as a spray to the backs of the\nanimals. Twenty-five animals were left untreated to determine the level of\ninfestation. The grubs in the back of each animal were counted at two week\nintervals from October 11, 1957 until April 9, 1958, for a total of fourteen\nAssistant Entomologist, Assistant Entomologist and Associate Animal Nutritionist,\nJuly 15, 1958\nAt the time of treatment some grubs were already present in the backs of\nSeptember-treated animals. On October 11 there was an average of 0.4 grubs per\nanimal among the animals treated with Co-ral in September and 0.2 grubs per anima.\namong those treated with Trolene in August or September. There were no grubs\nfound among the other treated animals. At this time there was an average of 1.6\ngrubs per animal among the untreated cattle.\nThe greatest number of grubs appeared in the backs of untreated animals on\nJanuary 15 (Table 1) and among the treated animals on February 12 when there was\nan average of 2.7 grubs per animal among those treated with Trolene in June.\nEither chemical applied during any month greatly reduced the number of grubs per\nanimal. The other treatments gave significantly better grub control than Trolene\napplied in June. Otherwise the dates of treatment and the chemicals were about\nequally effective on these two dates of observation.\nThe 14 dates of observation were averaged to give a comparison of the treat-\nments over the entire grub period (Table 2). The Co-ral treatment in May gave\nsignificantly better grub control than all other treatments other than Co-ral in\nJuly or August or the September Trolene treatment. The Trolene treatment in June\ngave significantly poorer control than the other treatments. The relatively poorer\ncontrol shown by this treatment may be related to the fact that the animals were\nweaned in late May only a few days before receiving the June treatment. Co-ral\nwith an average of 0.07 grubs per animal over the observation period gave signi-\nficantly better cattle grub control than Trolene with an average of 0.37 grubs\nIt is advisable to apply control measures as soon as possible after grubs are\nin the body of the animal, but after most of the adult fly activity has passed.\nAlthough the May treatments gave good control this year, a treatment in May might\npossibly be a little too early during some years, as adult fly activity may occur\nlater. Therefore, the best month for treatment would seem to be either June or\nTrolene is marketed as a bolus which can be administered in a multiple ball-\ning gun or mixed with water and applied as a drench. Co-ral is marketed as a\nwettable powder to be mixed with water and applied to the backs of the animals as\na spray. Before using either material the instructions on the container should\nbe read thoroughly and carefully followed.\nTable 1. Number of cattle grubs in the backs of treated and untreated\nanimals on January 15, 1958\nCHEMICAL TREATMENT DATE GRUBS/ANIMALa\nCo-ral May, July 0\nTrolene May, September 0\nTrolene August 0.1\nCo-ral August, September 0.1\nCo-ral June 0.2\nTrolene July 0.4\nTrolene June 1.9\nUNTREATED .--. 18.1\na Figures joined by the vertical line are not significantly different;\nthose not joined by the line are significantly different.\nTable 2. Number of cattle grubs in the backs of treated and untreated\nanimals averaged for 14 observation dates.\nCHEMICAL TREATMENT DATE GRUBS/ANIMALa\nCo-ral May 0\nCo-ral July 0.04\nTrolene September 0.04\nCo-ral August 0.09\nCo-ral June 0.11\nCo-ral September 0.14\nTrolene May 0.19\nTrolene August 0.23\nTrolene July 0.29\nTrolene June 1.13\nUNTREATED ---- 8.58\na Figures joined by the same vertical line are not significantly\ndifferent; figures not joined by the same vertical line are signi-", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We believe that smart projects can empower vulnerable communities and can provide a significant impact on the communal, provincial, and national development of Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and play a decisive role in addressing food security challenges in those two countries.\nEmpowering vulnerable communities in the Great Lakes Region\nThe FFI aims to provide support and necessary technical assistance to the rural communities in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. By providing support and technical assistance Fountain Foundation International aims to:\nHelp farmer communities to adopt sustainable production methods;\nEnable farmer communities to be self-reliant in the production and conservation of nutritious food for own consumption;\nHelp farmer communities to raise agricultural incomes;\nTo expand economic opportunities for women and youth to generate income.\nOur Projects in Burundi: Ensure the inclusion of marginalised group\nWorking with C.P.S.B will ensure that the inclusion of marginalised groups is addressed on organisational and educational level by involving Centre de Production des Semences du Burundi (“C.P.S.B”) to mobilize marginalised farmer groups to come and observe field trainings and demonstration sessions in which marginalised groups can participate. “C.P.S.B” is as centre for seed production and a famer cooperative that is focused on marginalised farmer groups. “C.P.S.B” was created to meet the growing needs of the rural farmers community to fight hunger, unemployment, lack of seeds for planting and one meal a day which is of poor quality or not enough. The following video above gives an idea of the activities of C.P.S.B\nOur Partner in Burundi: Mr. Mbonankira Charles is the founder of C.P.S.B. Having started very small with only 1 hectare in 2008 of land and only his family labor force, Mr. Mbonankira Charles has been able to set up a cooperative society is today operating on more than 100 hectares of farm and working with over 100 employees.\nTraining the youth\nTraining the youth in agriculture in the rural areas of Burundi\nThe importance of including the youth\nExplaining the importance of including the youth who doesn’t have other opportunities, to become active in agriculture from a young age to prevent that they become beggars or criminals\nTeaching the right way of farming\nMen, Women, youth and children in the villages are more than willing to learn about the right way of farming\nOur projects are based on Sustainable Development Goals\nEmpowering vulnerable communities\nDo you want to help us addressing food security challenges in Burundi & Democratic Republic of Congo?\nThe technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.\nThe technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.\nThe technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.\nThe technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Jul 2017. Ammonia is the basic building block of the world nitrogen industry; consumption of ammonia for nitrogen fertilizer accounts for more than 80% of the world ammonia market. Nitrogen fertilizers are the most widely used fertilizers in the world.\nTo view Abstract and Table of Contents click here.\nPublish Date: 2017-07-31\nChemical Focus: Syngas Chemicals, Industrial Gases and Fertilizers\nNumber of Pages: 123\nContent Type: Report\nDelivery: Email with link to PDF file\nGlobal Summary; regional coverage\nProducers with annual capacities and plant sites\nConsumption and five-year forecast by end-use application", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Another consideration is that if you are in SF, right in The City, the climate is not ideal for figs. Delayed fruit development can be a result of the climate.\nSee \"Environmental Considerations\".\nWinter pruning should be minimal, light thinning, deadwood removal, crossing branches and very light shaping as needed. Heavy pruning and heading back of all the terminal growth will delay flowering and fruiting.\nIf the tree is in a container, especially if for more than 2 years, there may not be enough soil volume to provide mineral nutrients and retain soil moisture. Consider re-potting into a large pot with new, good quality potting soil.\nIf in the ground, then soil and water management are critical. Fertilization is important. Organic mulch on the soil surface helps to retain soil moisture and furnish nutrients.\nDeep water (6 to preferably 10 inch soil penetration) once a week during dry season, drip irrigation or light superficial sprinking may keep the tree alive, but is not adequate for optimal health, flowering and fruit development.\nFertilize at least spring and fall with a complete organic fertilizer like this:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Smallholder farmers in Kigoma Region, Tanzania are turning their backs on low yields, post-harvest losses and uncertainty to embrace a transformative agriculture that promises prosperity, sustainability and security for them.\nThey are also at the center of AGRA’s partnership with the Government of Tanzania and a consortium of five development partners to improve staple crop production, commercialization of farming enterprises and market access for farmers. By strengthening the agricultural inputs system, technology development, and supply chain in Kigoma Region these multi-faceted interventions have increased the prospects for staple crop productivity among more than 170,000 farmers from 217 villages\n“The transformation of the agriculture sector in Kigoma region is starting to be the felt,” said Mr. Donald Mizambwa, an Associate Program Officer at AGRA.\nAGRA’s three-year grant covering the period September 2017 to August 2020, finances integrated efforts to address the constraints faced by the smallholder farmers in Kigoma Region with the goal of increasing incomes and improving food security and livelihoods.\nRuvuma Commercialization and Diversification of Agriculture (RUCODIA), one of the project implementers within the consortium, has recruited and trained 598 agro-dealers and reached out to 98,781 smallholder farmers.\n“We have trained farmer organizations, SMEs and local governments on how to increase agricultural productivity and build resilience to shocks. This includes strengthening agro-dealerships in Kigoma,” noted Mr. Jackson Lumbugi, project manager, RUCODIA.\nMr. Wilson Vyalelo, an agro-dealer, based in Kigoma observed that more smallholder farmers were using improved seeds and fertilizers as a result of the interventions.\n“I noticed that the majority of farmers who bought seeds and fertilizer in 2017 increased their uptake in 2018,” he added, “It means a lot to us when a farmer who bought five bags in 2017 raises this to 10 bags in 2018.” The average farm size in the region ranges from 0.2ha to 0.8ha (0.5 acres to 2 acres).\nLeveraging on the success of their maize hybrids and well-established distribution networks are two seed companies within the consortium – Meru Agro and Suba Agro. They have a presence in Kigoma and Kagera Regions respectively.\nMr. Joseph Rubuye, the Regional Agriculture Advisor-Kigoma, called for efforts to sustain the momentum, among them value-chain approaches to the multifaceted interventions of the project.\n“What counts here is ensuring that every villager who is able to increase production is supported at every stage to realize an increase in their income as a result of the interventions,” he said, “this is how an entire region prospers.”\nA maize farmer in Kasulu Municipality, Mr. Moshi Hiza, who has since been able to treble his farm’s productivity, said he had learned a lot of what he practices from the demonstration farms supported by AGRA.\nTo improve market access for farmers like Mr. Hiza, organizations like FAIDA MALI have been active in establishing and sustaining the linkages between producers and off-takers by opening up access to output markets on the one end of the scale, and input purchases at the other end. As part of the consortium, Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture (TCCIA) – Kigoma Chapter facilitated a meeting between grain traders and smallholder farmers. The grain companies involved in the consultation included Gwakula Investments Group LTD, Kisoya Super Sembe, Aniseth Commission Cargo Ltd. and Nabuhima Food and General Supply Ltd.\nHowever, financing and investments are critical components in creating the conditions that support an inclusive agricultural transformation. They include the provision of multiple types of services dedicated to supporting both on- and off-farm agricultural activities and businesses including input provision, production, and distribution, wholesale, processing and marketing.\nFarmers and small to medium-sized rural businesses often cite financing as a barrier, more so because they lack collateral and financial services providers struggle to put a price to the risk of loans to this category of clients. AGRA’s financing partners in the project include the Private Agricultural Sector Support Trust (PASS TRUST), CRDB Bank Plc and National Microfinance Bank (NMB), Tanzania.\nOthers service providers are Farm Radio International (FRI) and Nyakitonto Youth for Development Tanzania (NYDT). FRI were instrumental in creating awareness and sharing knowledge to increase staple food crop productivity for maize, beans and cassava via radio programs even beyond Kigoma Region.\nOccupying 45,066 square kilometers, of which 8,029 sq. km is covered by water, Kigoma Region is rich in agricultural potential and straddles a huge regional market in the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Zambia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We are accustomed to seeing Gerberas in flower shops and as dwarf potted plants at greenhouses and mass market retailers, but we seldom have a chance to grow true cutting strains. Gro 'n Sell has just informed me that they have a number of varieties on hand and ready to ship immediately.\nThese are either 36 or 25 cell half-trays, and 4 half-trays fit in a standard box. This is a different size than anything we have offered, so keep in mind that you can order up to 4 half trays per box.\nGerberas are not winter hardy but they are cold tolerant. We have a long cultural document from the growers of this line of Gerberas that we would be happy to share with you. (I can't seem to embed a link here, but I tried!) Many grow them in pots. Most commercial growers use the same plants for several years, cycling them in and out of production.\nI'm not an expert on this crop, but I do get requests for plants with frequency, so if you've been waiting, and can keep them from freezing in winter, this may be your chance!\nThe 36 and 25 cell plants are quite similar in size. The top growth is essentially identical, but the root mass is slightly larger on the 25 cell option. Both will establish quickly.\nThese are produced through tissue culture and are patented, both of which increase the price, but considering the fact that you could produce dozens or even hundreds of stems per plant throughout their lives, they may be a good investment for some. Again, do your research. I'm not much help this time.\nThese will be available for the rest of August, or until they sell out, and will ship within a week of ordering.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Total aliphatic and indole glucosinolates, phenolic compounds (flavonoids and hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives), and vitamin C contents were evaluated in freshly harvested broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., var. italica, cv. Marathon) inflorescences. These were film-wrapped and stored for 7 days at 1 degrees C to simulate a maximum period of commercial transport and distribution. After cold storage, inflorescences were kept for 3 days at 15 degrees C to simulate a retail sale period. For wrapping, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) of 11 microm thickness was used. Gas composition was about 17% O(2) and 2% CO(2) during cold storage and about 16% O(2) and 3-4% CO(2) during shelf life within packages. The predominant glucosinolates were 4-methylsulfinylbutyl-glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), 3-indolylmethyl-glucosinolate (glucobrassicin), and 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl-glucosinolate (neoglucobrassicin). The predominant hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives were identified as 1,2,2'-trisinapoylgentiobiose, 1,2-diferuloylgentiobiose, 1,2'-disinapoyl-2-feruloylgentiobiose, and 3-O-caffeoyl-quinic (neochlorogenic acid). Results showed major losses at the end of both periods, in comparison with broccoli at harvest. Thus, the respective losses, at the end of cold storage and retail periods, were 71-80% of total glucosinolates, 62-59% of total flavonoids, 51-44% of sinapic acid derivatives, and 73-74% caffeoyl-quinic acid derivatives. Slight differences in all compound concentrations between storage and retail sale periods were detected. Distribution and retail periods had minimal effects on vitamin C. Weight loss was monitored at the end of both periods.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Perhaps the two most significant demographic facts for understanding the contemporary context of sexuality and gender dynamics before and after marriage are the relatively long period between the advent of young womens sexual maturity and the age of marriage (for most young women this.He sent friends to beg.TheyRead more\nArtists represent her in the pictures.They prefer job to family, they are obsessed with success and cashing in savings bonds before maturity date earning money.Here we have attractive single ladies from Ukraine and Russia man looking for a woman arnsberg who are looking for their foreign significant othersRead more\nStockbridge had two cinemas: - The Grand in St Stephen Street and - The Savoy round the corner from Malta Terrace.It would seem that he was a fair-minded man, because he was one of the few scientists who included their assistants in the reports of their achievements.The balancedRead more\n12.37 Pawnee Mohawk x Starking HG I 56 54 4 Sept.\nIs recommended as a producer of large, high-quality nuts that are especially suitable for the in-shell market.\nUK Unknown Photos of Varieties Amling Amling So far, this selection has beautiful dark green foliage and excellent resistance to most pests.4-H Youth Development, county and Club Meetings, Environmental Education, Livestock Programs, Project Achievement, Summer Camp.Has been very resistant to scab, and this is one of the key factors in its widespread use.Orchards may need to be thinned promptly.?Oconee?Has an early harvest date, averaging around October.Standard commercial growers will probably want a higher quality nut that might demand a higher price.Is not as precocious as?Caddo?Although this cultivar is considered by some to have low yield potential, it is too early to tell in our trees at this point.Is not a precocious cultivar and can in fact be somewhat slow to come into bearing.This is a precocious variety that will need fruit thinning as the tree matures.?Byrd?This leads to the cycle we commonly see where new cultivars start out appearing highly resistant, but over time appear more and more susceptible.?Desirable?The shell is thin and the kernels have been very well developed.Regardless of the care taken in choosing an appropriate variety, experience has taught growers that any variety may in time fail to be as well adapted as it first appeared.Type II (protogynous) cultivars have stigmas meet people for sex manderson south dakota that become receptive first and the pollen is shed after the flowers have been fertilized.Was released by the usda because of its superior productivity, quality, disease resistance and cold tolerance.?Kanza?Crop was severely damaged free sex dating in bemidji minnesota 56601 due to scab despite a full-season fungicide program.So far, we have not observed scab on our trees in a sprayed orchard.Among the most important factors to consider when selecting a variety are pollination type, disease resistance, alternate bearing potential, precocity (the bearing age of the tree harvest date, pollination type, nut size and nut quality.\nTherefore, much thought should be given to the alternate bearing tendency of a particular variety before planting.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Starting to taste like summer! Yesterday students at all six of Charlottesville’s elementary schools snacked on red, ripe, juicy, delicious strawberries as part of Harvest of the Month. The strawberries were sourced through the Local Food Hub and grown by...Read More\nCity Schoolyard Garden is pleased to announce the 2015 Golden Trowel Awards wich will be presented at our annual Root Celebration honoring our volunteers, partners and students on Thursday, May 21st from 5:30-7:00pm at Clark Elementary Root! is a garden celebration bringing...Read More\nAt City Schoolyard Garden, we have a vision: that young people thrive with the opportunity to engage with nature, to enhance their academic learning through hands-on experience, and to cultivate skills for healthy living. We currently manage gardens at all six Charlottesville public elementary schools, as well as Buford Middle School – encompassing over 8,750 square feet of diverse organic gardens with over 14,000 student interactions each year.\nWe recently asked students and partners to talk about what City Schoolyard Garden means to them, and here is a bit of their story.\nCity Schoolyard Garden is….a video about growing gardens and growing healthy youth\nCity Schoolyard Garden cultivates academic achievement, health, environmental stewardship, and community engagement through garden-based, experiential learning for Charlottesville youth.\nWe are a nonprofit organization operating solely on the support of generous individuals, businesses and foundations. Come join us grow!\nDownload a beautiful map of our gardens, hand-drawn by our founder, Linda Winecoff.\nWe’ll keep you updated on garden happenings, special events and volunteer opportunities, and we promise never to spam your inbox.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Learning from leading innovators in agriculture\nMembers of the Soils for Life community came together in March 2014 for a National Forum to share knowledge and experiences. Together they provided advice to the Soils for Life Program on how it can continue to foster and facilitate the wider adoption of regenerative landscape management for positive change in both the rural landscape and production - for the benefit of all Australians. The Forum was hosted by Soils for Life Chairman and National Advocate for Soil Health, Major General Michael Jeffery, and Soils for Life Board members.\nSATURDAY - case study participants workshop.\nRead about Day 1: Pearls of wisdom from regenerative farmers\nSUNDAY - presentations from Soils for Life case study participants, open to the public.\nRead the summary and watch clips from Day 2: Diverse enterprises manage by the same principles on the inspiring presentations:\n- Shane Joyce (Dukes Plain, QLD) - Building an antifragile landscape\n- Dianne Haggerty (Prospect Pastoral Co., WA) - Mixed farming on poor soils: 13 years of biological farming\n- Colin Seis (Winona, NSW) - Developing and implementing the innovative Pasture Cropping\n- John Dunnicliff (Beetaloo Station, NT) - Large scale grazing and landscape regeneration", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Why is glyphosate so important for European agriculture?\nGlyphosate plays an important role in European crop production. It provides many benefits to farmers and facilitates the adoption of sustainable agronomic practices such as conservation agriculture. There has been opposition by some sources to the use of glyphosate, despite its history of safe use for more than 40 years. But, what would be the cost of restricting the use of this herbicide for farmers and consumers?\nRecent independent case studies have provided new insights into the economic and ecological consequences of limiting the use of glyphosate in the EU. These “what-if scenarios” predict significant challenges for farmers and posible increased impact on the environment. Food prices would increase and the EU’s share of the global agricultural market would decrease if glyphosate use was restricted. In fact, it is estimated that crop yields for farmers would be reduced by 5% to 40%, depending on the region, and diminish the global market share of several EU crops if glyphosate was no longer available.\nA limitation in the availability for farmers of glyphosate is also predicted to have potential implications for land use, biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions and water quality. By using glyphosate for weed control, farmers in Europe have been able to forgo or significantly reduce traditional ploughing methods. Conventional plough tillage is an energy-intensive process that releases tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from the soil. If farmers are forced to fall back on these weed-control methods, CO2 emissions and fossil fuel consumption of German agriculture are for instance predicted to more than double, while soil erosion could increase six times over in Europe.\nLast update: 19 July 2017", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Home composting expert Barbara Pleasant will share dozens of practical composting techniques for turning kitchen and garden waste into the best soil amendment for any type of garden. In addition to basic composting methods, learn innovative ways MOTHER EARTH NEWS readers have found to create healthier soil with homemade compost.\nOther Kansas Workshops\nGetting Started in Organic Vegetable Gardening\nManaging Your Homegrown Food Supply\nOrganic Gardening for Newbies – Avoiding Beginner Mistakes\nOne of MOTHER EARTH NEWS' most experienced garden editors, Barbara Pleasant (BarbaraPleasant.com) has studied and practiced organic vegetable gardening for 30 years. Her popular Garden Know-How column in MOTHER EARTH NEWS recently won a Silver Award of Achievement from the Garden Writers Association. Pleasant lives in Floyd, Va., where she grows vegetables, herbs, fruits and flowers, and keeps a small flock of laying hens.\nVisit www.barbarapleasant.com for more information.\nOrder her books, Starter Vegetable Gardens, The Gardener's Bug Book and The Complete Compost Gardening Guide.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This sensor can be used to test the moisture of soil, when the soil is having water shortage, the module output is at high level, and else the output is at low level. By using this sensor one can automatically water the flower plant, or any other plants requiring automatic watering technique. Module dual output mode, digital output is simple, analog output more accurate. Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content\n• Input voltage: 5v\n• Output voltage:0-5v\n• Output: Analog.\n• Sensitivity adjustable.\n• Threshold level can be configured.\n• Module triple output mode, digital, analog, serial outputs.\n• Landscape irrigation.\n• Simple sensor for Gardeners.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Now that my garden is put to bed I can concentrate on other ‘gardening’ activities inside. Forcing bulbs inside is a good way to have blooming flowers mid winter. They also make a great present, who wouldn’t appreciate a gift of bulbs when the world is white outside! Tulips, narcissus, hyacinths, crocus and lily of the valley can be forced into flower in late winter or early spring. A pot of tulips on your windowsill in February can brighten your spirits!\nIt is a good idea to keep the same variety in one pot as the blooming times often vary. Bulbs are also planted much closer together than you plant them outside. With the exception of narcissus bulbs, bulbs must be given a cold temperature of 35-48 degrees F for a minimum of 12-14 weeks. You can either keep them in a cold frame, an unheated attic or cellar or even a refrigerator! In the refrigerator the pots should be covered with plastic bags that have a few holes punched in them.\nSince I didn’t want to have to put my bulbs in a cold spot for weeks, I am gong to force paper white narcissus bulbs. I found some very healthy looking bulbs at the local nursery.\nFirst I rinsed the gravel to get rid of the dust. I filled each of my bowls with gravel about 2/3rds full. I then nestled the bulbs in the gravel ½ to 1 inch apart, placing the pointed side up. Then fill in gravel around the bulbs, leaving the top halves exposed. Place them in good light and add water up to the base of the bulbs. Keep the water level at this height. I then placed the pots in a cool area. Within a few days roots will appear. When green shoots appear, move the pot to a cool, sunny spot. Sit back and watch them grow and bloom. It’s nice to enjoy a little bit of spring color for your home when everything outside is covered with snow!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Virulence of Leptographium serpenson longleaf pine seedlings under varying soil moisture regimes\nMatusick, G., Eckhardt, L.G. and Enebak, S.A. (2008) Virulence of Leptographium serpenson longleaf pine seedlings under varying soil moisture regimes. Plant Disease, 92 (11). pp. 1574-1576.\n*No subscription required\nRecently, Leptographium serpens has been recovered from the roots of declining and dead longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) in stands associated with various abiotic stresses. Although most data suggest that L. serpens is pathogenic to various Pinus spp., there is little known of its virulence on longleaf pine or its relationship with abiotic stress in causing disease. These trials examined the effects of L. serpens infection coupled with drought stress. Trials began with wound inoculations of bareroot longleaf pine seedlings in spring 2006 and 2007 at the seedling stress facility at Auburn University. Soon after inoculation, seedlings were also subjected to adequate moisture, moderate drought, or severe drought. Sixteen weeks after inoculation, longleaf pine survival, L. serpens virulence, and seedling growth characteristics were measured. Longleaf pine seedlings inoculated with L. serpens had 33% mortality (138/420) which was significantly greater than nonwounded control seedlings (22%, 47/211). Survival and lesion size on longleaf pine suggests that L. serpens is moderately pathogenic to longleaf pine seedlings. Separately, moisture stress associated with low soil moisture also contributed to seedling mortality. Results suggest that L. serpens infection and moisture stress commonly experienced by southern pines act independently to stress longleaf pine.\n|Publication Type:||Journal Article|\n|Publisher:||The American Phytopathological Society|\n|Item Control Page|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "My daughter gave us some accelerator. Ive poured some in with my raw veg and leaves in my composter with legs twirling it every few days. Doesnt seem like anything is breaking down…\nBokashi bran helps to break down your compost pile by adding all of the essential microbes that your compost pile (and garden) need. Look closely at your pile and you should see signs of the bokashi bran at work with loads of fungal and hyphae growth.\nRemember, bokashi microbes are anaerobic, which means they ideally need to avoid contact with air. The bokashi bran should be added to the middle (or bottom) of your compost pile and your pile should not be turned for at least 4-5 days after adding bokashi bran. This will give the bokashi microbes time to multiply and re-activate your compost pile.\nYou say that you have been twirling your compost regularly. Try leaving your pile untouched for a few days to let the bokashi microbes have a more anaerobic environment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- What can affect soil fertility?\n- What are the symptoms of soil fertility decline?\n- How can I make my soil more fertile?\n- How do you fix bad soil?\n- How can we improve soil fertility naturally?\n- Which soil is less fertile?\n- What is poor soil fertility?\n- What causes loss of soil fertility?\n- How can I make my barren soil more fertile?\n- How drainage causes loss of soil nutrients?\n- What two factors cause fertile soil?\n- How can termites improve soil fertility?\n- How are living organisms important for improving soil fertility?\nWhat can affect soil fertility?\nThe following factors affect the soil fertility:Mineral Composition.\nThe mineral composition of the soil helps to predict the ability of the soil to retain plant nutrients.\nAdding Manures and Fertilizers.\nWhat are the symptoms of soil fertility decline?\nThere are several early signs of soil fertility decline in a particular area. Some early signs include: discolouring of the plant (either leaves or the whole plant itself), more weeds and more crops or plants dying before reaching maturity. These two images above show the process of tilling the soil.\nHow can I make my soil more fertile?\nYou can increase the amount of organic matter in your soil by adding compost, aged animal manures, green manures (cover crops), mulches or peat moss. Because most soil life and plant roots are located in the top 6 inches of soil, concentrate on this upper layer.\nHow do you fix bad soil?\nThe first step in repairing damaged soil is to begin adding nutrients and structure back into the ground. This will take you from “dirt” to real “soil”. Some of the best and easiest soil amendments are compost and aged manure (just don’t use cat or dog feces).\nHow can we improve soil fertility naturally?\nSoil fertility can be further improved by incorporating cover crops that add organic matter to the soil, which leads to improved soil structure and promotes a healthy, fertile soil; by using green manure or growing legumes to fix nitrogen from the air through the process of biological nitrogen fixation; by micro-dose …\nWhich soil is less fertile?\nRed soils are generally derived from crystalline rock. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate because of its low water holding capacity.\nWhat is poor soil fertility?\nSoil fertility decline occurs when the quantities of nutrients removed from the soil in harvested products exceed the quantities of nutrients being applied. In this situation, the nutrient requirements of the crop are met from soil reserves until these reserves cannot meet crop demands.\nWhat causes loss of soil fertility?\nFor all the fertility losses there are various causes in the different regions of the country, in totality the major causes to soil fertility decline is a land degradation which is caused through the different agents such as soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, sedimentation, continuous farming and pollution.\nHow can I make my barren soil more fertile?\nThe couple followed these methods to transform the barren land.Water harvesting: Since the soil was eroded, they first set up water harvesting structures, such as swales, trenches, percolation tanks. … Sapling plantation: Water harvesting is incomplete without planting. … Fencing: In an arid region, fires are common.More items…•Aug 23, 2017\nHow drainage causes loss of soil nutrients?\nThe drainage water dilutes and disperses the nutrients down the soil profile. Deep rooting crops like maize can access nitrates from as deep as 180 cm, but once nutrients are below the rooting zone, they are no longer accessible. This assumes the soil is already at field capacity when the rain starts.\nWhat two factors cause fertile soil?\nSoil fertilitySufficient soil depth for adequate root growth and water retention;Good internal drainage, allowing sufficient aeration for optimal root growth (although some plants, such as rice, tolerate waterlogging);More items…\nHow can termites improve soil fertility?\nWe found that ants and termites raise crop yield by increasing water infiltration into the soil through their tunnels and by increasing the supply of soil mineral nitrogen.\nHow are living organisms important for improving soil fertility?\nAnswer: Living organisms are very important for improving soil fertility because when a living organism dies the organic matter of its body gets decomposed by the decomposers hence it provides humus to the soil. Humus is the organic matter present in the soil which in the course of time gets converted into humus.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- KCII Radio - http://kciiradio.com -\nWeekend Rainfall Beneficial in Two Ways\nPosted By News On @ 6:29 am In Today's Local News | Comments Disabled\nRainfall over the weekend proved to be beneficial in two different ways. State Climatologist Harry Hillaker says the drought conditions have been so severe that the nearly two and half inches of rain that fell was able to soak directly into the ground as well as not cause any flooding issues because the rain fell over a longer period of time.\nHe adds if more rain events like this were to occur before the ground freezes, it will help to get the soil ready for next spring.\nHillaker notes there is still time yet this fall and a couple months in the spring to get moisture back into the soil before next year’s planting season, but says it’s too early to tell if the current weather pattern will continue.\nNo related posts.\nArticle printed from KCII Radio: http://kciiradio.com\nURL to article: http://kciiradio.com/2012/10/weekend-rainfall-beneficial-in-two-ways/\nURLs in this post:\n Image: http://www.printfriendly.com/print?url=http://kciiradio.com/2012/10/weekend-rainfall-beneficial-in-two-ways/\nCopyright © 2005-2013 KCII Radio", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|CHU, Y - University Of Georgia\n|WU, C - University Of Georgia\n|OZIAS-AKINS, P - University Of Georgia\n|Holbrook, Carl - Corley\nSubmitted to: American Peanut Research and Education Society Abstracts\nPublication Type: Abstract Only\nPublication Acceptance Date: 5/21/2011\nPublication Date: 12/15/2011\nCitation: Chu, Y., Wu, C., Ozias-Akins, P., Holbrook Jr, C.C. 2011. Marker-assisted breeding for wild species-derived traits in arachis. Proceedings of American Peanut Research and Education Society. 43:89.\nInterpretive Summary: not required\nTechnical Abstract: The recent evolutionary origin of tetraploid peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., imposed a genetic bottleneck on the species and limited variation for pest and disease resistance genes within the cultivated gene pool. However, considerable diversity for these resistance traits and at the molecular level has been identified over the last two decades among wild relatives of peanut, some of which are cross compatible with cultivated peanut. A few groups have persevered in utilizing wild germplasm to transfer traits of interest into cultivated peanut and these materials are being widely accessed by peanut breeders. A trait of particular benefit that was introgressed into cultivated peanut from A. cardenasii is resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria, the root-knot nematode. Given that molecular polymorphisms are frequent between wild and cultivated Arachis species, molecular markers can identify introgressed chromosomal segments associated with nematode resistance. We have used molecular markers associated with traits of interest to facilitate the combination of nematode resistance with high oleic/linoleic acid ratio in advanced breeding materials. Using high-throughput DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction based methods, breeder-scale numbers of plants can be efficiently screened at the seed or seedling stage.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Now harvest time is coming fast\nAnd corn will soon be ripe,\nAnd Autumn’s mastiff whirling blast\nWill son in keyholes pipe.\nAnd dewy grass and lifeless trees\nWill bow their heads with cold;\nAnd pump lids to their frame will freeze,\nAnd Winter birds get bold.\nSammie Strange Age 13", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Very yummy Brandywine heirloom. There are also ‘pear’ tomatoes that are smaller.\nWe have wild vines all over our yard, but here’s a creeping vine at Longwood Gardens about to cover this structure.\nHere’s one from my yard about to cover my bedroom shutter.\nUpdate-This is called a Purple Hyacinth Bean vine and I bought it from an Amish lady in Lancaster, PA.\nSuch amazing vines, I love how they creep up and cover whole structures. I noticed a vine climbing up the fence behind my faerie garden this year, I have no idea where it came from! lol I let it be because I like the way it’s covering up the ugly mesh fence anyway.\nI’ve never grown Brandywine Heirloom tomatoes. To me, tomatoes all taste the same anyway! lol I finished canning my tomatoes this past week and now will give away whatever ripens because I’m tomatoed right out!! Only thing left in the garden now are carrots and beets. Halleluiah:-) xoxo", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Many people may be surprised at some of the ways drones are being used to provide benefits. We thought we would provide a short summary of just a few ways they are making a positive difference.\n1. Farmers – aerial photography and videography created using drones can help farmers improve output, conserve resources, and avoid excess.\n2. Infrastructure – thanks to drones buildings, roofs, and bridges can be safely inspected for a fraction of the cost or danger that used to come with using humans to climb dangerous scaffolding or ladders to do the same thing.\n3. Natural Disasters – in the event of a natural disaster drones and aerial video can be used to survey the damage and search for missing people. They can also be used to identify areas that need the most attention without endangering emergency personnel.\nDrones have many uses in the aerial photography field and one of them is to assist farmers in finding new ways to increase crop output while reducing crop damage.\nHistorically if a farmer wanted to survey vast farmlands from the air, the only way to do so was to hire an expensive fixed wing or helicopter pilot to record aerial video or take aerial pictures.\nThanks to drones this cost can be greatly reduced by using a drone to do the heavy lifting. As drone and camera technology improves the aerial imaging capabilities of drones will be used in even more and innovative ways to help farmers maximize their crop production.\nAt DroneVU Studios we can picture a setup where a drone could fly at a preset interval to specific way points and provide farmers with valuable insight into everything from fungal problems to soil discrepancies, to watering irregularities.\nAlthough DroneVU Studios does not specialize in aerial photography or aerial videos for farmers, we could develop a custom solution upon request that would assist local Tampa farmers in keeping a close aerial eye on their crops.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Milstop SP Organic Mildew Fungicide\nWater Soluble Broad Spectrum Foliar Fungicide\nEPA REGISTERED & OMRI Listed\nMilStop SP Organic Mildew Fungicide provides curative control of powdery mildews. A potassium bicarbonate-based, foliar fungicide that kills powdery mildew on contact by pulling water from spores and their growing strands. It also inhibits enzymes involved in fungal cell wall formation by altering the pH on the leaf surface, providing 1-2 weeks of residual protection. Preventative control of foliar diseases: Diseases controlled include Alternaria blight, Anthracnose, black spot, Botrytis blight, Cercospora leaf spot, Downy Mildew, Phomopsis blight, and Septoria leaf spot.\nMilStop SP Benefits\n• Use at or before the first sign of disease.\n• Effective on interiorscape, greenhouse, nursery, woody, herb and field crops.\n• Fully dissolves in water; no residue, dries quick, dries clean.\n• Cost effective; comes pre-formulated with surfactants.\n• University tested and proven to be effective.\n• 1 – hour REI; OMRI Listed and is compatible with many beneficial insects.\n• Active ingredient approved by the FDA as G.R.A.S. (Generally Regarded As Safe).\n• Kills powdery mildew on contact and provides 1 to 2 weeks of residual protection.\n• Does not restrict plant growth.\nMilStop SP is organic and environmentally-friendly, can be used for foliar diseases and is non-toxic for pets, animals and children.\nMilStop SP is Labeled for the Following Diseases:\n- Alternaria blight\n- Botrytis blight\n- Botrytis gray mold\n- Cercospora leaf spot*\n- Corynespora leaf spot\n- Downy mildew\n*Not For Use In California\nMilStop SP General Treatment\nTo prevent foliar fungal disease, apply at 2.5 lbs./acre every two weeks until conditions are no longer favorable for disease development. Shorten the interval during rainy weather or during periods of high relative humidity. To cure powdery mildew, apply up to the maximum rate (5 lbs./acre) every week for three weeks. Do not exceed 2.0 tbsp. per gallon of water per week (equivalent to 5 lbs. per acre per week.)\nMilStop SP Active Ingredient\nPotassium bicarbonate - 85%.\nMilStop SP Available Sizes\n- 5 lb. bag\n- 25 lb. bucket", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thyme Essential Oil Yield per Acre and Hectare\nThe average fresh material yield of Thyme is 6 tons (6000 kg = 13228 lbs.) per hectare, or 5355 lbs. per acre. If we are interested only in plant material (and not in essential oil), and we manage to perform 2 harvesting sessions, the average total yield will be normally increased by 30-60%.\nThe average dry material yield of Thyme is 2 tons (2000 kg= 4409 lbs.) per hectare, or 1785 lbs. per acre.\nThe average essential oil yield of Thyme ranges from 1 to 3 % of dry yield. Thus, you can expect 44 to 132 lbs. (20 to 60 kg) of essential oil per hectare, or 35 lbs. (16 kg) per acre.\n(Keep in mind that 1 hectare = 2,47 acres = 10.000 square meters and 1 ton = 1000 kg = 2205 lbs.)\nHowever, there are some very promising Thyme cultivars that -in optimum conditions and after years of experimenting – can yield 220 lbs. (100 kg) of essential oil per hectare, or even more.\nKeep in mind that these average yields are annual and these figures refer to healthy and mature common thyme plants (Thymus vulgaris older than 1 year old) that are managed by professional growers. Keep also in mind that there can be significant deviations from these figures, as the yield greatly depends on many parameters (variety, climate, soil condition, fertilization, irrigation, weed and pest control, harvesting, distillation methods etc.). Especially the thyme cultivar and the harvest time can significantly affect the essential oil yield. Keep also in mind that you can get a good (well above average) yield in one year and a below average yield in the following year, with all the parameters of the cultivation remaining the same.\nYou can enrich this article by leaving a comment of your Thyme farm yields.\n12.) Thyme Essential Oil Yield\nDo you have experience in Thyme cultivation? Please share your experience, methods and practices in the comments below. All the content you add will be soon reviewed by our agronomists. Once approved, it will be added to Wikifarmer.com and it will influence positively thousands of new and experienced farmers across the world.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The threat of referendums, and the partial mobilisation of military reserves in Russia continued to raise concerns over a protracted conflict and the longevity of the export corridor.\nThe support spilled over into today, said the CRM Agri team, but they noted that the upward momentum has come to a pause with Chicago wheat finding a new level at US$9/Bu.\nThe bullish upward market move translated into strong initial gains for European and UK feed wheat futures early today, but gains have since been eroded. However, prices are still up from yesterday’s close, they added.\nMeanwhile, crude oil has come under pressure today, falling back below $90/bbl today as economic concerns weigh on consumption confidence, said the analysts.\nAnd US ethanol production continues to be a cause for concern, with weekly production falling yet again, they reported.\nOilseeds market outlook\nAccording to the CRM Agri’s weekly oilseeds report, rapeseed prices are moving lower due to supply-related pressure and weaker oil demand projections.\nOver the past week, prices have dropped below the €600/t level. “We lowered our price forecasts and now project rapeseed prices to average €580/t (US$571/t) in Q4.”\nUkrainian exports of rapeseed have been encouraging, they added.\n“July-to-date exports reached 1.29Mt. Exports picked up in pace from just 90.5Kt in July, to 624.4Kt in August and 577.2Kt so far in September—driven entirely by the reopening of the ports.\n“Moreover, we expect further pressure on rapeseed markets as growing confidence in supply from Canada and Australia is expected ease supply tightness. Statistics Canada’s is projecting canola production to rise by 38.8% to 19.1Mt, as growing conditions in the Prairies improved considerably relative to 2021. Australian canola production is also seen rebounding in 2022/23.”\nEconomic headwinds persist\nDemand for US soybeans on the export market will be key in terms of the direction of markets, with China the main importer.\nThe US Department of Agriculture (USDA) is forecasting a recovery in Chinese demand from 90Mt in 2021/22 back to 97Mt in 2022/23.\n“That said, this recovery in demand would still place Chinese import demand behind both the 2020/21 and 2019/20 season’s demand, breaking the continuous import growth trend. Meanwhile, as economic headwinds persist, particularly acute in China, the potential for a reduction in Chinese import demand poses a risk to soybean markets,” noted the UK-based oilseed market specialists.\nAnd, looking ahead to South America, all expectations are for a record-breaking Brazilian soybean crop, by some distance.\n“Consequently, the potential for tempered Chinese import demand due to a deteriorating economic outlook, alongside a record Brazilian crop later this season presents a longer term doubt for US soybean demand and we maintain a relatively bearish outlook on prices.”", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Beautiful pale green round to oval fruits appear very early, and have an extremely mild flavor and white flesh. Because it is so early, Apple Green bears dependably even for gardeners in the North. Plants have a compact growth habit, but still give generous harvests of these delightful fruit. 60 days.\nThis heirloom strain offers large purplish-pink fruit that are sweetly flavored and almost all solid meat. The tomatoes are much like those of Giant Belgium, but a little flatter in shape. Indeterminate. 85 days.\nWhen I first grew this variety, I was pleasantly surprised to find a delicious large orange beefsteak that was so fast to ripen and a very heavy producer. The tomatoes are a lovely pale orange color and weigh at least 12 ozs. and up to 2 lbs. with a truly wonderful flavor. Seed came to this country from tomatoes bought at a farmers' market in Minsk, Belarus. Indeterminate. 70 to 80 days.\nThis heirloom tomato was originally from the Livingston Collection and was offered for the first time about 1900. Potato-leaved plants yield plenty of dark pink, smooth round fruit weighing about 6 ozs. each. The fruit is sweet, juicy and very flavorful, just right for summertime salads or sandwiches. Indeterminate. 73 days.\nBig tomato flavor wrapped up in a medium-sized round, red tomato is what this variety is all about. Tall, vigorous plants grow very plentiful harvests of these versatile and attractive fruits with an assertive yet delicious taste. Even beginning gardeners will find this one easy to grow. Indeterminate. 78 days.\nAn ornamental piquin-type chile with purple foliage and flowers. Tiny peppers ripen from purple to yellow, orange, and finally to red. Compact plants are well suited to container growing. While the pungent fruit is edible, it is usually just used as an ornamental. 120 days.\nDark purple fruit and violet-colored flowers are what make this plant so special. Purple peppers almost cover the foliage, turning the 2-1/2 foot tall plants nearly purple. Upon maturity, the peppers turn red and are extremely hot. At this stage, purple, orange, and red fruit may be on plants at the same time, making a very colorful and attractive display.\nVery striking ornamental pepper with violet-tinged leaves that look almost blue and are sometimes marked with a faint white speckling. Small purple round-oval fruit grow upright on the plant and hold their color for a long time before finally turning red. Plants are slightly spreading and grow compact, making this beautiful plant useful for landscaping. 90 days.\nHighly disease-resistant plants yield heavy crops of shiny, red ribbed tomatoes that are very attractive. Fruit has a firm texture, which helps it to withstand postharvest handling. Robustly flavorful, 8 oz. bright-red tomatoes are crack resistant. Indeterminate. 75 days.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The hardware segment of grow lights market to hold larger market share between 2021 and 2026\nThe hardware segment of the grow lights market, by offering is estimated to hold larger market share in 2026. The key factors for the growth of the market are the increasing number of new lighting installations in greenhouses and vertical farms and the growing support of governments of different countries promoting the adoption of CEA facilities.\nDownload PDF Brochure @\nThe cannabis segment to register highest CAGR during the forecast period\nThe cannabis segment of the grow lights market, by cultivation, is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The legalization of cannabis production is gaining momentum in different parts of the world as lawmakers globally are working toward this process. This is certainly going to benefit all categories of cannabis growers, and at the same time, manufacturers of LED grow lights are expected to benefit the most from this. Cannabis is also considered as a high value crop by growers and hence the cultivation of cannabis is growing at a faster pace.\nThe new installations segment to hold larger market share from 2021 to 2026\nThe new installations segment is estimated to hold a larger share of the grow lights market from 2021 to 2026. The growth of this segment can be attributed to the extensive deployment of LED grow lights in new vertical farms and greenhouses. Strong government support for adopting CEA practices and surging awareness regarding the benefits associated with LED grow lights are also expected to contribute to the growth of this segment during the forecast period.\nThe interlighting segment to register highest CAGR during the forecast period.\nThe interlighting is a relatively new concept, and the market for interlighting grow light systems is expected to grow at a higher CAGR during the forecast period owing to the increasing awareness about the benefits of this lighting technique. For example, interlighting provides greater light efficacy, which results in higher yield compared to toplighting as the design of interlighting grow light system allows a plant to absorb light rays from the entire spectrum.\nEurope to hold largest share of the grow lights market between 2021 and 2026\nEurope is projected to register largest market share of the grow lights market from 2021 to 2026. The growth of the market in this region can be attributed to the fact that the region has the strongest economies in the world, along with flourishing industries that lead to increased capital investment capabilities. This region has been using grow light systems for the past few decades to grow plants in commercial greenhouses. The use of grow light in this region is gradually increasing from being a supplemental lighting source to becoming the primary source of light in indoor operations. The population of Europe has expanded rapidly in recent times, and countries are importing fruits and vegetables in a frozen form from external markets in Africa and Asia. Indoor horticulture is gaining rapid momentum in some major countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, and France in this region to obtain fresh produce from locally cultivated farms. This factor is expected to generate massive demand for grow light systems in the near future. Technological developments in artificial grow lights have led the government in the European region to favor efficient and eco-friendly technologies such as LED and have implemented rigorous resolutions to ban the use of incandescent bulbs.\nSignify Holding (Netherlands), OSRAM (Germany), Gavita (Netherlands), Valoya (Finland), California Lightworks (US), Helliospectra AB (Sweden), LumiGrow Inc. (US), Hortilux Schréder (Netherlands), Eye Hortilux (US), ILUMINAR Lighting (US), GE Current, A Daintree Company (US), PARsource (US), GE Lighting, A Savant Company (US), Hubbell (US), and Agrolux (Netherlands) are the key players in the global grow lights market. These players are increasingly undertaking strategies such as product launches and development, expansions, partnerships, contracts, and acquisitions to increase their market share.\nPlease Help Support BeforeitsNews by trying our Natural Health Products below!\nOrder by Phone at 888-809-8385 or online at https://mitocopper.com M - F 9am to 5pm EST\nOrder by Phone at 888-809-8385 or online at https://www.herbanomic.com M - F 9am to 5pm EST\nHumic & Fulvic Trace Minerals Complex - Nature's most important supplement! Vivid Dreams again!\nHNEX HydroNano EXtracellular Water - Improve immune system health and reduce inflammation\nUltimate Clinical Potency Curcumin - Natural pain relief, reduce inflammation and so much more.\nOxy Powder - Natural Colon Cleanser! Cleans out toxic buildup with oxygen!\nNascent Iodine - Promotes detoxification, mental focus and thyroid health.\nSmart Meter Cover - Reduces Smart Meter radiation by 96%! (See Video)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Posted on October 11, 2011 at 9:38 AM by Iowa Corn\nCurt Mether is an Iowa Farmer with Iowa values who believes in the farming industry and his community. Curt grows corn and soybeans and sheep, with his wife and son, in Harrison and Monona counties. He has been farming for 36 years and was recently elected as an Iowa Corn Growers Association Director in District 4. He currently serves on the Iowa Corn Animal Agriculture & Environment Committee. In 2008, he was one of three county leaders selected to attend the National Corn Growers Association’s Corn Congress as part of the ICGA delegation. Curt is a strong supporter of 4-H, serves on the Harrison County Fair Board, on the Harrison County Rural Electric Board and is active with the Logan Christian Church. Curt has been a member of ICGA for many years and wants to help Iowa Corn educate consumers about farmers and the food they raise. Curt and his wife Anita have three grown children.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rice is a Bali tradition. The entire island has developed to grow it, water it, subsist on it. As the the water flows down from the mountains toward the sea, it is guided through the rice fields the entire way.\nJust up the hill from the town of Ubud, there is an organic farm that provides fresh produce throughout the year. Sari Organiks grows not just rice, but garden vegetables as well. An onsite restaurant serves delicious food, fresh from the gardens! A pleasant walk of just under a kilometer, meanders along a path through the rice fields. A great place for a morning walk and breakfast. Though they are open into the evening for dinner as well. A tasty treat awaits at the end of a beautiful walk.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), has clinched three (3) top trophies to emerge the Best University at the just concluded Nairobi International Trade Fair (NITF), organized by the Agricultural Society of Kenya.\nBarring stiff competition from public and private institutions of higher learning and research organizations, JKUAT successfully defended “The Best University Trophy” for the third year running.\nThe good tidings did not end there: JKUAT was also crowned: “The Best Engineering Based Institution of Higher Learning,” and “The Best Stand Exhibiting Agricultural and/or Earth Moving Equipment,” bringing the number of trophies scooped by the University to three.\nDuring the opening ceremony, Wednesday, October 5, H.E President Uhuru Kenyatta, congratulated JKUAT for the outstanding performance when he presented “The Best University Stand Trophy” to the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research, Production and Extension) Prof Esther Kahangi who received the trophy on behalf of the Vice Chancellor, Prof. Mabel Imbuga. Prof. Kahangi was accompanied by the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Administration), Prof Victoria Ngumi.\nIn his address, the Head of State revealed that the government had introduced a crop insurance scheme to cushion farmers from adverse weather conditions, and added that, the insurance scheme was being piloted in Bungoma, Nakuru and Embu counties.\n“A thousand farmers in these counties have already benefited from the premium subsidy at a cost of sh. 300 Million,” he stated.\nThe President said, his Administration had introduced a livestock insurance currently “being piloted in Turkana, Wajir, Marsabit, Isiolo and Tana River counties at a cost of sh. 152 Million.”\nPresident Kenyatta further said the government had committed Sh.2 Billion to support youth in agriculture, adding, the Youth Fund will be used to train the youth on new technologies and management so that through the entire agriculture value chain, Kenyan youth would have a chance to grow businesses and earn a living under the programme, which he said, is expected to benefit over 750,000 young people.\nProf. Kahangi appreciated JKUAT exhibitors for posting impressive results during this year’s week-long Fair, which was themed: “Enhancing Technology in Industry for Food Security and National Growth” and attracted over 400 local and international exhibitors.\nAt the University Stand, farmers appreciated modern farming methods, and whole value chains aimed at enhancing food security and nutrition. The engineering workshops technologies were popular with entrepreneurs and farmers who found effective solutions thanks to food security innovations such as: the sorghum thresher, multi grater; cereal whipper , multi juicer and the three-in-one plant mill.\nInstitutional research initiatives were evident through clean planting seed, irrigation, food processing and nutrition, among others.\nThe energy sector could benefit from the power billing system innovation, digital power distribution solution and the Syne gas research project; while the mercury retort technology presented an environmentally secure gold extraction technique for the mining industry in Kenya.\nEfforts to enhance democratic governance received a boost from the University’s Cell phone-based voting system that seeks to streamline electoral decision making process.\nMilitary operations stakeholders, mining and rescue missions could count on a versatile robotics innovation namely; The rocker bogie suspension, which is primed to ease their work.\nThe curtains on NITF came down at Jamhuri Park, Sunday, October 9.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A SOLUTION FOR EVERY NEED. We manufacture directly a wide range of products, each one with unique characteristics, able to satisfy any requirements, from the professional use, to the private one, to the street furniture. THE PASSION OF YESTERDAY, THE TECHNOLOGY OF TOMORROW! From nearly/about 50 years Pasquini e Bini produces products for greenhouses and gardening, supplying with its products more than 50 countries worldwide, spread over 5 continents. The structure has grown steadily and since 60’, when the activity began, has expanded exponentially its production capacity. Today we have various units dedicated to the production facilities equipped with machineries of the latest generation fully automated continuous flow. The main unit covers an area of 5,000 square meters, providing a storage capacity of 45,000 square meters, divided in 5 stores. These logistical resources allow immediate delivery management on both national and international territories.\nAddress: Località Tei, ZI La Galeotta Altopascio (LU), * 55011 Italy Email: firstname.lastname@example.org Contact: Phone: 0039-058-3264656 FAX: 0039-058-3269115", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Since the introduction of irrigation in the early 1950s major changes in the crop regime have taken place in Israel. These changes had greatly influenced the populations of the four species of corn borers found in Israel. Chilo agamemnon, which was the main pest during the 1960s decreased and the numbers of Sesamia nonagrioides increased. The reduction in the sorghum acreage, caused a decrease in the numbers of Sesamia cretica. In 1981 an increase in the numbers of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, was observed. At present S. nonagrioides and O. nubilalis are the main corn pests in Israel.\nChilo agamemnon was first recorded in Israel in 1959 near the Gaza strip. In the course of 2–3 years it became a very serious pest in the southern parts of the country. Later, the spread of the pest continued throughout the country. Since 1973 a drastic decrease in the populations of C. agamemnon was recorded. The probable reasons for the decrease in the populations of this pest in Israel are:\n(1) The relative increase of the areas of sweet corn, which is not its preferable host plant.\n(2) Rice and sugar-cane, which are very important host plants in Egypt, are not grown in Israel.\nField experiments against C. agamemnon, carried out when populations were high, showed that dust applications were more effective than sprays.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Inspirational Vertical Vegetable Gardening Diy – Through the thousands of pictures online concerning vertical vegetable gardening diy, picks the best series using greatest resolution simply for you all, and this images is actually among graphics collections within our very best images gallery about Inspirational Vertical Vegetable Gardening Diy. I hope you can as it.\nThis specific impression (Vertical Vegetable Gardening Diy Awesome Diy Garden Trellis) previously mentioned is actually classed along with: all for you.\nPublished through walper at 2015-09-14 02:02:15. To view most pictures with Inspirational Vertical Vegetable Gardening Diy photographs gallery make sure you adhere to this specific link.\nThe Incredible and also Gorgeous vertical vegetable gardening diy intended for Inspire Your home Provide Property Comfortable Fantasy Property", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "SAGE (NSW) at Stepping Stone Farm are now offering a series of informal, stimulating, afternoon seminars on the first and third Friday of every month.\nThese afternoon gardening dips are filled with valuable tips with the aim to build on and share the substantial, collective body of knowledge about vegetable growing, market gardening and organic farming that exists in Moruya. Everyone is welcome, our interns, total gardening novices and experienced growers.\nWe have put together a long list of seasonally appropriate topics and hope to cover a lot of material over the next year. It is envisaged that participants will come with their own questions and wisdom and the program for the first quarter of 2024 will reflect issues that come up in discussion over the next few months.\nThe first seven seminars will be convened by Joyce Wilkie who will share her knowledge and also give everyone who attends an opportunity to talk about their experiences.\nWhat’s on offer\nDate: Held on the first and third Friday of every month, starting Friday, 15 September.\nTime: 1.30 - 3.30pm\nVenue: Stepping Stone Farm\nCost: $25 per session (includes afternoon tea)\nPresenter: Joyce Wilkie\nDates and Topics\n6 October – Hoeing technique\n20 October – Annual herbs - basil, coriander, parsley, spring onions\n3 November – Pruning and trellising solanaceae\n17 November –Soil testing\n1 December – Chicory family\n15 December – Watering\nThe best thing about growing food is that it is a mountain without a top - nature has a way of humbling even the most accomplished market gardeners and teaching us all that we still have a lot more to learn.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "3. Fresh-Roasted Tomato Pizza\nPre-roasting the tomatoes for an hour or more in a slow oven (about 275 evaporates the water and concentrates the flavor, making powerful little flavor packets.\nmakes 1 pizza or 3-4 pizza-breads\nFor roasted tomatoes\n- 6 to 10 tomatoes (any size or color)\n- 2 Tbs olive oil\n- 1/2 tsp salt\n- 1 tsp fresh oregano, thyme, or parsley\n- 1 pizza dough (or 3-4 toasted slices of bread)\n- 2 Tbs melted butter or olive oil\n- 1/4 cup finely grated parmesan or other hard cheese or nutritional yeast\n- 2 Tbs chopped fresh oregano, basil, or other herbs to garnish the pizza after it comes out of the oven\n- Preheat oven to 275 degrees.\n- Cut small tomatoes in half, and larger ones into wedges. Mix tomatoes in a bowl with olive oil, salt, and herbs. Place in a single layer on a rimmed baking sheet and slow roast in the oven for an hour or more.\n- Stretch the pizza dough and put on a pizza stone or cookie sheet. Bake in a hot oven (400 degrees) 3-5 minutes until dough has started to crisp slightly. Remove crust and use a fork to pierce any air bubbles. Use a brush to spread the melted butter or olive oil on the crust. Scatter the roasted tomato pieces on top, and sprinkle with the cheese. Bake 8-10 minutes, or until crust is crisp. Remove from the oven and sprinkle with fresh herbs. Enjoy!\nSeasonal Cook’s Notes:\nWhen tomato season is in full swing, fill your oven with baking sheets full of tomatoes, and use them on any pasta or toasted bread of your choice. You can freeze any extra for winter\n© The Land Connection Foundation\nThe best way to enjoy healthy, seasonal produce is to buy it from your local community farmer. To locate the farmers market or CSA nearest you, visit www.localharvest.org.\nFarm Fresh Now! is a project of The Land Connection, an educational nonprofit that preserves farmland, trains new farmers, and connects people with great locally-grown foods. This series is made possible with generous support from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.\nImage Credits: Creative Commons tomato photo by Visual Density. Tomato recipes collage via The Land Connection.\n2 thoughts on “Tomato Recipes: Farm Fresh Now”\nWow! This is like preparing for a tomato party! I just love the recipes. BTW, my family loves tomatoes. As a matter of fact, we maintain a garden of different tomato varieties. Anyway, thanks a lot for sharing! :-D\nThank you, Terry! We would love to see a photo of your tomato garden – I bet that it’s beautiful.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A preliminary screening experiment was conducted to evaluate 47 cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes for use as a weed-suppressing cover crop. Of these, 11 were selected for further testing on the basis of vigorous growth and weed-suppressing ability. In a field experiment repeated over 4 years, the selected genotypes were not different from the leading cover crop cultivar `Iron Clay' in biomass production. Vigor ratings, vine growth ratings, and canopy widths of some genotypes exceeded those of `Iron Clay' Vigor ratings and canopy measurements were efficient selection criteria that could be useful for breeding cover crop cowpea cultivars. All except one selection were highly resistant to southern root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and the selections varied in seed size, photoperiod, and response to foliar diseases.\nHoward F. Harrison, Judy A. Thies, Richard L. Fery, and J. Powell Smith\nA. G. Hunter and O. L. Chambliss\nScreening for resistance to blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) and rootknot nematode on the same plant is possible if the two pathogens do not interact significantly. To determine if such interactions were present four cultivars were planted in 72-cell styrofoam flats, with a combination of BlCMV and nematode inoculations (--, -+, +-, and ++). `Freezegreen' is known to be susceptible to both pathogens, `Mississippi Silver' is resistant to both, `California Blackeye #5' is susceptible to BlCMV, and `Worthmore' is resistant to BlCMV. Nematode treated seeds were inoculated at planting with 2,000 eggs of (Meloidogyne incognita Race 3); BlCMV was inoculated on primary leaves a week later. Plants were visually rated for symptoms: either negative or positive for BlCMV and 1-5, no galls and heavily galled respectively, for rootknot. Analyses of variance using percentage of plants negative for virus symptoms or average nematode score as the dependent variable, resulted in non-significant virus × nematode interactions. Results by cultivar indicated simultaneous screening did not change their resistance/susceptible classifications.\nPerry E. Nugent and P.D. Dukes\nThe southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita [(Kofoid & White) Chitwood], causes serious economic losses to melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in the United States. The present study was conducted to determine if separable differences in nematode resistance of Cucumis melo could be found at some inoculum level. Five C. melo lines were compared with Cucumis metuliferus Naud. (C701A), a highly resistant species, for root necrosis, galling, egg mass production, and reproduction when inoculated at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, or 5000 nematode eggs per plant. Using these criteria, melon line C880 inoculated with 1000 eggs per plant was highly susceptible, while PI140471, PI 183311, and the cultivars Chilton, Georgia 47, Gulf Coast, Planters Jumbo, and Southland were less susceptible. In greenhouse tests with an inoculum level of 1000 eggs per plant, low levels of resistance were evident. A thorough screening of the available germplasm against M. incognita may identify higher levels of root-knot nematode resistance for incorporation into improved melon cultivars.\nRichard L. Fery and Judy A. Thies\nGreenhouse experiments determined the inheritance of resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] in Capsicum chinense Jacq. germplasm lines PA-353 and PA-426. Evaluation of parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations of the crosses PA-353 × PA-350 and PA-426 × PA-350 (PA-350 is a susceptible cultigen) indicated that resistance in both C. chinense germplasm lines was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Evaluation of the F1 × resistant parent backcross populations in the cytoplasm of their respective resistant and susceptible parents indicated that the cytoplasm of the resistant parent is not needed for full expression of resistance. Allelism tests indicated that the dominant resistance gene in both PA-353 and PA-426 is allelic to a resistance gene in C. annuum L. `Carolina Cayenne'. However, these allelism tests did not demonstrate conclusively that the M. arenaria race 1 resistance gene in C. chinense is the N gene that conditions resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in C. annuum. The ease and reliability of evaluating plants for resistance to root-knot nematodes and the availability of simply inherited sources of resistance makes breeding for peanut root-knot nematode resistance a viable objective in C. chinense breeding programs.\nPeter Cousins and M. Andrew Walker\nThe grape Vitis champinii Planchon is one source of nematode resistance in grape rootstocks. Several selections valued for their resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), a serious pest of grape production, are used as rootstocks and in rootstock variety development. However, V. champinii-based rootstock varieties are faulted for their excess vigor and susceptibility to other root pests. Root-knot nematode populations with the ability to damage important V. champinii-based rootstocks have been identified and may become more common. Other V. champinii accessions might be sources of nematode resistance genes with different specificities or might have more suitable horticultural characteristics than V. champinii varieties in commercial use. Nine V. champinii accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, Calif., and a V. champinii rootstock variety were screened for resistance to M. incognita. Resistance was assessed by counting eggs produced per root system. Eight of ten V. champinii accessions did not support nematode reproduction. Susceptible accessions supported lower nematode reproduction than susceptible V. vinifera control varieties. Progeny testing from crosses of resistant and susceptible accessions suggests that a dominant and a recessive gene may condition root-knot nematode resistance.\nRichard L. Fery and Judy A. Thies\nGreenhouse tests were conducted to compare the levels of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] exhibited by recently released Capsicum chinense Jacq. Scotch Bonnet-type germplasm lines PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426 to the levels of resistance exhibited by C. annuum L. `Carolina Cayenne' and `Mississippi Nemaheart'; to determine the inheritance of the resistance in C. chinense germplasm line PA-426; and to determine the genetic relationship between the resistances exhibited by C. chinense germplasm line PA-426 and C. annuum `Carolina Cayenne'. The results of a replicated test indicated that the level of resistances exhibited by the resistant released C. chinense germplasm lines is equal to the level of resistances exhibited by the resistant C. annuum cultivars. Evaluation of parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations of the cross PA-426 × PA-350 (a susceptible Habanero-type C. chinense cultigen) indicated that the resistance in C. chinense is conditioned by a single dominant gene. The results of an allelism test indicated that this dominant gene is allelic to the dominant gene that conditions much of the southern root-knot nematode resistance in the C. annuum `Carolina Cayenne'. The ease and reliability of evaluating plants for resistance to root-knot nematode and the availability of a simply inherited source of outstanding resistance makes breeding for southern root-knot nematode resistance a viable objective in C. chinense breeding programs.\nSusan L.F. Meyer\nTwo strains of the fungus Verticillium lecanii (A. Zimmermann) Viégas were studied as potential biocontrol agents for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood) on cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). For the study, pots were filled with soil that had been inoculated with M. incognita (inoculum was applied at two levels: 1000 and 5000 eggs/pot). Each fungus strain was applied individually by pouring an aqueous suspension (made from a wettable granule formulation) into the inoculated soil. Controls received water only. One cantaloupe seedling was then transplanted into each pot. Plants were grown for 55 days in the greenhouse, and then harvested and assessed for root and shoot growth and for nematode egg production. In pots inoculated with 1000 eggs/plant, neither fungus strain affected nematode egg numbers. At the 5000 eggs/plant inoculum level, both strains of the fungus suppressed egg numbers (counts were 28% and 31% less than water controls). Neither strain of V. lecanii affected the number of eggs embedded in root galls; the fungus suppressed nematode population numbers overall solely by affecting the number of eggs located outside of root tissues. Both fungus strains were also autoclaved and then applied to soil, to test for effects of nonviable fungus. In pots inoculated with 5000 eggs, application of one autoclaved strain resulted in a 35% suppression in egg numbers after 55 days, suggesting that the fungus produced a heat-stable substance deleterious to the nematode.\nJudy A. Thies, Richard F. Davis, John D. Mueller, Richard L. Fery, David B. Langston, and Gilbert Miller\nRoot-knot nematode-resistant `Charleston Belle' bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) and metam sodium treatment were evaluated for managing the southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White] in fall-cropped cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). `Charleston Belle' and its susceptible recurrent parent, `Keystone Resistant Giant', were planted as spring crops at Blackville, S.C., and Tifton, Ga. `Charleston Belle' exhibited high resistance and `Keystone Resistant Giant' was susceptible at both locations. After termination of the bell pepper crop, one-half of the plots were treated with metam sodium delivered through the drip irrigation system. Cucumber yields and numbers of fruit were highest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following either `Charleston Belle' or `Keystone Resistant Giant'; however, root gall severity and numbers of M. incognita eggs in the roots were lowest for cucumber grown in plots treated with metam sodium following `Charleston Belle'. Conversely, root gall severity and nematode reproduction were highest for cucumber grown in plots following `Keystone Resistant Giant' without metam sodium treatment. Application of metam sodium through the drip irrigation system following a spring crop of root-knot nematode-resistant bell pepper should reduce severity of root galling and reproduction of M. incognita as well as increase fruit yield of fall-cropped cucumber.\nRichard L. Fery and Judy A. Thies\nScotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers, extremely pungent cultivar classes of Capsicum chinense Jacq., are increasing in popularity in the United States. Because the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, is a major pest of many C. annuum cultivars, a series of greenhouse and field experiments was conducted to determine if Scotch Bonnet and Habanero peppers from available commercial and private sources also are vulnerable to the pest. In an initial greenhouse test, a collection of 59 C. chinense cultigens was evaluated for reaction to M. incognita race 3. All cultigens obtained from commercial sources were moderately susceptible or susceptible. However, four accessions obtained through Seed Savers Exchange listings exhibited high levels of resistance. Three of these cultigens (PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426) were studied in subsequent greenhouse and field plantings, and each was confirmed to have a level of resistance similar to that available in C. annuum. All three of the resistant cultigens are well-adapted and each is potentially useful in commercial production without further development. None of the Habanero cultigens was resistant to the southern root-knot nematode. The resistant Scotch Bonnet cultigens may serve as sources of resistance for development of root-knot nematode—resistant Habanero peppers.\nK. Ukoskit, P.G. Thompson, C.E. Watson Jr., and G.W. Lawrence\nThe inheritance of resistance to root-knot nematode race 3 [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] was studied in 71 progenies of the F1 single-cross population produced from the cross of resistant parent `Regal' and susceptible parent `Vardaman'. The distribution frequency of the progenies based on log total nematode number (egg + juvenile counts) was a bimodal distribution with a ratio of ≈4 resistant : 1 susceptible. Based on this phenotypic ratio, the proposed genetic model was duplex polysomic inheritance (RRrrrr = resistant parent and rrrrrr = susceptible parent). Bulk segregant analysis in conjunction with the RAPD technique was used to identify a RAPD marker linked to a root-knot-nematode-resistance gene. Of 760 random decamer primers screened, 9 showed polymorphic bands between the two bulk DNA samples. Primer OPI51500 produced a band in the resistant bulk but not in the susceptible bulk, suggesting a linkage in coupling phase. An estimated recombination fraction of 0.2421 ± 0.057 between the marker and the root-knot-nematode-resistance gene indicated linkage.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "I’m here to encourage you to grow vital soil on your patch by rethinking what you do in your garden. The million dollar question is – to mulch or not to mulch? 🙂\nLet’s talk mulch considerations.\nThere’s lots of things to consider. One of them is your site conditions. What’s it like? Have you got bare soil? Have you got grass you want to smother? Or have you got dirt with no microbial activity?\nMulch could be the answer.\nWhat type of mulch? Grass-based mulch feeds bacteria. Woody-based mulch feeds fungi or a bit of both. You could probably use a bit of both. Especially because it helps grow vital soil, with its great ability to provide fantastic habitat.\nAnd then think about what it’s doing – how is mulch linked to that vital soil?\nWell, that beautiful habitat is also supplemented with the very fast takeaway food that the decomposing mulch can provide as well. So in conjunction with that and pulling the mulch back and planting some plants through it, that provide exudates and sugars. That is an excellent outcome and a great way of growing vital soil on your patch.\nSo I challenge you, I dare you… use great diversity in your mulch and grow vital soil on your patch!\nWant to get the latest updates from REAL? Subscribe to our newsletter below and we’ll land in your inbox every month or two with our upcoming events, educational videos, resources, tips and more.\nHave a topic you’d like discussed? Email me at email@example.com and let me know.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lone Oak Ranch\n|Owner:||Dale Simmons and JoLaVonne ViDeaune|\nDale Simmons and JoLaVonne ViDeaune own and manage Lone Oak Ranch, with the assistance of three additional family members. They employ three full-time, year-round workers and four full-time workers during peak season.\nLone Oak Ranch is a small family farm located in Reedley, California. Dale Simmons is a fourth-generation farmer who works with his sons to keep the family tradition alive.\n100 acres in Reedley, Tulare County, CA.\nProud growers for over four generations, Dale Simmons and JoLaVonne ViDeaune have a long legacy of family farming. In the 1870s, Dale's great-great-grandparents acquired 720 acres in California, built a home constructed of local redwood, and grew figs, peaches, and wheat. Throughout the years, the land was subdivided among family memebers, yet the family farming tradition continued. Of Dale and JoLaVonne's four children, two are involved in Lone Oak Ranch operations, and Dale's brother farms the original farmstead. JoLaVonne takes pride in the fact that she raised her family on fresh, wholesome meals free of chemicals. She maintains the same high standards for her cutomers. \"If I wouldn't serve it to my children,\" she says, \"then I won't sell it at market.\"\nIntegrated pest management.\nCompost and manure on sandy loam.\nMechanical and hand cultivation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mercer Wine Estates of Eastern Washington State\nMercer Wine Estates of Eastern Washington has an agricultural history that dates back to the turn of the century beginning with sheep herding in the early 1900s. Some forty years later cattle, and dryland wheat production is introduced to support the growth and sustainability of Mercer Ranches. A decade later with irrigation introduced vineyards and other crops found their natural foothold at Mercer. Four short years later in 1972, the first family of the land in Washington, Don and Linda Mercer become the founding wine grape growers in the Horse Heaven Hills. The Cabernet Sauvignon they planted in Block 1 would later become the highly acclaimed Champoux Vineyard. In 2005, the Mercers started making Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot with their on site tasting room opening in 2009. In 2011, Don and Linda Mercer received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Washington Association of Wine Grape Growers. Mercer Wine 3100 Lee Road Prosser, Washington 99350.\nMercer Estates Sauvignon Blanc 2015 Aromatic and refreshing this bright wine shows off its racy acidity, with lemon zest and mineral notes. Clean and crisp this light bodied wine is an easy sipper.\nMercer Estates Chardonnay 2015 Showing off its wine acumen, Mercer has produced a well balanced Chardonnay with bright acidity and creamy clean fruit. Nouveau in style with hints of lemon pie, and lemon-lime zezt rounded out with sweet vanilla and honey.\nMercer Canyons Cabernet Sauvignon 2014 (blend) A voluminous Cabernet overflowing with ripe black fruit and a whisper of cassis. The blend of grapes, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, and Syrah heighten the senses with wafts of plums, baking spices, and dark cherries.\nMercer Canyons Red Blend 2014 A fascinating blend of Merlot, Syrah, Grenache, Sangiovese, Petit Verdot, and Viognier give a sensory nod to ripe black cherries and plums with undertones of caramel, coffee and smoke.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Editor's Note: This is the sixth in a series of articles about the Top 10 local news stories of 2017.\nAs the Kansan earth freezes and the first snowflakes of the year begin to fall in Garden City, it’s safe to say winter has begun. But while grasses dry along with the freeze, it’s important to remember that just last March much of southwest Kansas was engulfed in flames with the onset of spring as temperatures warmed and the ground thawed.\nLane County residents can testify to that. The Lane County fires that raged for almost two weeks in March and left much of the yawning, desiccated prairie resembling a moonscape also garnered the scorched area an apt nickname from area local Max Prose: “hellfire and damnation.”\nAs such, the fires that devoured more than 18,000 acres in southern Lane County and 39,000 more in Hodgeman and Ness counties made The Telegram’s No. 5 local news story for 2017.\nIt started on March 6 when a great black wall of smoke rose up mid-afternoon to greet the horizon near the intersection of County Road 80 and Turkey Red Road. That first day, the fire that spanned 13 miles from east to west and 5 miles from north to south was already clocked as the largest grassfire in the county that year, enveloping big swaths of farmland and grassland in flames.\nBut simply being the biggest of the year couldn’t soothe the inferno’s appetite. With gusts reaching 60 mph and heaps of dry forage grass built up from what eventually became a wet spring and summer period in 2016, all southwest Kansas needed was a little sunshine, some dry air and a stray spark to become a full-fledged tinderbox.\nMary Knapp, Kansas’ assistant state climatologist with K-State’s Department of Agronomy, explained that extensive vegetative growth during previous summers, followed by a dry winter and combined with low humidity and high winds, resulted in “active fire behavior.”\nContributing to that recipe for disaster, Knapp explained, is that Kansas is located in what tends to be a thermal boundary for air masses, meaning a pressure system is often moving through the area.\n“In this particular case, we were getting downsloping winds off the Rockies,” Knapp said of the conditions on March 6. She added that those winds accounted for the severe gusts, as well as atmospheric compression that both raised the temperature and dried out the air “very quickly.”\nKnapp summed up the disaster’s three main ingredients thusly: “low humidity, warm temperatures and strong winds.”\nLane County and its neighbors weren’t the only counties blighted by a plague of fire last spring. A total of two-dozen Kansas counties including Clark, Comanche, Reno, Finney and Gray were casualties in the total for devastation that reached about 700,000 acres across the state, with many more acres in Texas and Oklahoma, killing many thousands of livestock animals, most of which were cattle.\nThe infernos, while record-breaking in scope, were hardly unprecedented in fury. Just last year in March, the Anderson Creek Fire consumed approximately 400,000 acres of prairie in Kansas and Oklahoma.\nThis year in Lane County, Prose lost his home, two-thirds of his 3,000-acre farm, his cowshed and much of his fencing. After nearly losing his life as well, he recalled an exchange he had with a neighbor.\n“One guy says, ‘Well, God was watching out for you,” Prose said. “And I said, ‘Well, he operates on an awfully tight schedule, because I was just a few seconds from being burned.”\nMore problematic than the fires may have been the lasting effects facing farmers — both those who took the burn head on and those who were initially spared. With loose dirt blowing in the wind and generating static electricity through a complex exchange of dust particles, farmers unaffected by the inferno stood to see damage to their wheat yields from the aftermath.\nAt the time, Prose’s wheat crop was already yellowing as a result of the dirt, dust and silt. All he and other farmers could do was keep working the land while attempting to contain the problem.\nWalter Fick, a rangeland management specialist at K-State Research and Extension, said agricultural yields after a fire all depends on how land is managed prior to a fire and what the conditions are like in the following weeks.\nThe March fires occurred near the beginning of the growing season, meaning soil moisture might have been good enough to mitigate the damages to the land. Still, the biggest problem facing farmers, Fick said, wasn’t necessarily the arability of farmland but rather the elimination of many dormant forage grasses grazed on by livestock.\nAs for the wheat crop, Fick said the fires wouldn’t have had much of an effect, as long as the wheat hadn’t jointed. When wheat joints, it begins its reproductive development, and with the growing season still in its early stages, Fick contended that the heat would have only damaged the wheat if it were further along in the process.\nThe rain eventually returned to southwest Kansas, bringing moisture along with it and giving farmers some much needed relief.\nProse’s cattle were among the lucky ones that survived the fire, and with plans to rebuild his home, Prose said in March that people from all over the region had brought donations to assist in the recovery process facing locals.\n“We’re going to rebuild the house that burned in the same spot,” Prose said, estimating the cost of reconstruction at around $200,000. He said then that he had high hopes for his crops, all things considered, and that he wouldn’t plant any shrubs around his house this time around.\nHis home would have been spared if not for a nearby rose bush that gave the flames a way into his home, showing just how big a role something so small can play in the grand scheme of devastation.\nBut despite his losses, Prose said Lane County residents maintained what by now can only be considered a dark sense of humor.\n“We have a lot of humor around here,” Prose said. “We live half a mile south of the intersection of Wichita Road and Road 50, so we tell people now we live half a mile south of hellfire and damnation.”\nMay that devil sleep for many years to come.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thank you chair. I am Geoffrey Evans and am speaking on behalf of Climate Action Network.\nCAN is pleased with this week’s agriculture workshop. Everyone in the world depends on agriculture for his/her very sustenance, while many, especially in the developing countries, rely on it for their livelihoods. Climate change puts all of this at risk. Many CAN Members have a long history of working with farmers communities. The sustainability of agriculture and enhancement of food security, now and into the future, are of absolutely vital importance for us.\nFollowing on the success of the workshop, the UNFCCC should facilitate the potential for countries to:\n• Promote biodiverse climate-resilient small-scale agriculture based on agro-ecological principles;\n• Support appropriate technology development and transfer that enhance sustainability of food production systems;\n• Include safeguards which protect biodiversity, equitable access to resources by rural peoples, food security, the right to food, the rights of indigenous peoples and local populations, as well as the welfare of farm animals, while promoting poverty reduction and climate adaptation;\n• Explore opportunities to sustainably reduce emissions from the agricultural sector; and\n• Reduce emissions from the conversion of forests and pasture to agriculture.\n• For developing country agriculture the priorities should be sustainability, climate resilience, and food security, and Parties must provide resources for promoting biodiverse, resilient small-scale agriculture and appropriate technology development and transfer.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(Solanum melongena) (aka Ping Tung Long) Beautiful heirloom from\nPingtung, Taiwan. Slender fruits up to 12\" long with\nshiny dark lavender skin. Hardy, vigorous, disease\nresistant plants. 65-75 days from transplant.\n8 weeks before last frost\nGreen Thumb Tip Sow seeds indoors ¼\" deep. Transplant outdoors\nonce danger of frost has passed and soil is warm.\nUsing landscape fabric or black plastic can\naccelerate growth and productivity in cooler\nclimates. ± 8,000 seeds/oz\nSeed Savers Exchange is a tax-exempt, 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of heirloom seeds.\nImages on this site are protected by copyright, unauthorized use is not permitted.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If you are looking for big future Sungold orchard profit, then this 5.47 canopy hectare orchard will deliver.\nThe orchard has been progressively planted and grafted. In 2020, .93 canopy was grafted, followed by 4.54 canopy in 2021. A small kiwistart 2022 crop was achieved from the 2020 planting. The canopy development has been rapid due to a mix of established rootstock grafting, and well developed new plants grafted and grown to leader stage, being used over much of the orchard. This is assisted further with a planting ratio of 4 plants per bay. Rootstock is Bruno.\nThe orchard soil is a mix of good draining Okaihua gravely loam and volcanic. Irrigation is from the Kerikeri Irrigation Company scheme.\nMajor investment has been made in 6m artificial shelter around the external orchard boundary, with internal shelter then a mix of artificial and casuarina. Aspect is north facing slight slope. Access and driveways are metaled and in great condition.\nTotal land area is 10.82 hectare, providing further development opportunity at a future time.\nSerious investors looking for serious future profits need come see.\nOur agents are experts on all things in the property market, if you haven't found what you're looking for, please enquire with the listing agent now to have all of your property questions answered.\nContact us and have your questions answered.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Crinodendron planting:\n- Crinodendron in pot:\n- Size, maintenance of the crinodendron:\n- To know about the crinodendron:\n- Smart tip about crinodendron:\nThe crinodendron is a very beautiful shrub whose blooming summer enchants our gardens.\nIn summary, what you need to know:\nName: Crinodendron hookerianum\nHeight: 2 to 10 m (according to varieties)\nExposure: Partial shadow, Sun\nGround: Rich enough\nFlowering: May to July\nMaintenance, from planting to pruning will enhance the development of crinodendron and flowering\nThe crinodendron likes sunny places but it fears when it's too hot. We can in this case favor the partial shade.\nIt is best to do the planting in spring because the crinodendron fears strong frosts.\n- A young subject will be more sensitive to cold so it is better to plant subjects of a certain size.\nIn regions with sweet winter you can plant it in autumn.\n- Follow our planting tips.\nCrinodendron in pot:\nFor the crinodendrons grown in pots or in vatsyou have to think of sheltering it for the winter especially if the temperatures are below -5°.\nIndeed, below -5° the crinodendron should not resist.\n- Plan a mix of potting soil (2/3) and heather earth (1/3)\n- Prune your crinodendron in pots each year at the end of winter before taking it out\nSize, maintenance of the crinodendron:\nNo size is needed but if you want to balance or reduce the antlers, wait the end of flowering.\nWater regularly during flowering, but without excess and eventually bring someorganic fertilizer to stimulate the appearance of pretty flowers.\nTo know about the crinodendron:\nVery beautiful shrub native to Latin America, the crinodendron bears beautiful fuchsia pink flowers very original.\nAlso called the lantern tree of Chile, it is from this area of origin.\nIts shrubby shape, its long narrow leaves and its lantern-shaped flowers make it an ideal very decorative shrub.\nIts generous flowering spreads throughout the summer, usually from May to July / August but can extend in April and September depending on the climate and weather.\nEnough rusticit is resistant to frost and cold with temperatures as low as -10°.\nThe crinodendron growth is considered relatively slow.\nSmart tip about crinodendron:\nUse organic products that do not harm the environment", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Aisle Master Cold Store Forklift\nThe versatile articulated truck that does it all. Aisle Master puts warehouse performance at the heart of your business.\nThe cost of cold store and temperature controlled warehousing operations is much higher than that of ambient warehousing, making space saving more crucial than ever. Aisle Master’s cold store model keeps you warm and productive in a cold climate. Collaboration with some of the major names in the industry resulted in a model developed specifically for this sector’s exacting requirements whilst guaranteeing optimum storage density. The fully enclosed, high visibility cab keeps drivers warm, reducing the time needed for breaks and increasing productivity.\n– Heated cab windows eliminate the build-up of condensation when driving between different temperatures in a building\n– Allocated areas in the cab enable the use of a bar code scanner\n– Low energy LED work lights as standard\nDownload brochure: CLICK HERE", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Made from using the full plant-based material, now available in a 2-pack so you can buy and save! Each bottle contains 1,500 mg of CBD to give you the full benefits of hemp. Full spectrum is made from the raw and decarboxylated plant material to give you a full array of plant benefits.\nIngredients: MCT Coconut Oil, European Raw Full Spectrum Hemp Oil, 1,500 mg of CBD\nThere are no reviews yet.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "People:Bill Greene, Bill Johnston, Bob DeBardelaben, Sam Beard\nWRAL-TV anchorman Sam Beard, Bob Debardelaben, Bill Johnston and camera operator Bill Greene take part in newscast.\nElection primary 72 with Sam Beard\nFred Fletcher and gang perform for local show\nWrestling promotional poster\nJim Graham NC Commissioner of Agriculture swallows tobacco", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina(BiH) have solved nearly 170,000 cold cases in 2016, the BiH High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council (BiH HJPC) has announced.\nThese were the latest results of the monitoring process of solving cold cases, which is one of the main activities of the HJPC, to ensure that the courts fully respect the fulfillment of plans to solve these cases.\n“Specifically, the courts in BiH have solved a total of 168,369 cold cases in 2016, which further contributed to the continuous reduction of the backlog of cold cases, and increasing the efficiency of the courts in BiH, and therefore the judiciary as a whole,” HJPC said in a statement on Friday.\nIn total, more than 660,000 cold cases have been solved since 2010, when the courts in BiH began to apply plans of solving cold cases. Enditem", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The black coral snake plant is a slow-growing flowering plant from the tropical regions of West Africa. The typical height is between 29-39 inches (75-100cm).\nIt produces thick and luscious dark green leaves, sometimes almost black, that have horizontal bands of lighter green, white, and grey. These leaves can grow to be about 2.5-inches wide.\nThese beautiful plants make lovely houseplants for their appearance, air-purifying qualities, and the level of care required.\nIn fact, these plants not only find their place in homes but also in offices because they can live with such little care. They make the perfect decorative piece for many ledges and windowsills.\nTable of Contents\nBlack Coral Snake Plant Care\nThese plants tend to be strong and resilient. While they prefer certain environments over others, they readily adapt to thrive.\nThey adapt better to neglect than to overwatering, as too much water can cause them to develop an illness. To survive and thrive, there are only a few components required.\nWhat does your black coral snake plant require?\nAs with any plant, this one needs several provisions. There are six different elements, and while this might seem like a lot, in terms of plant care, the actual requirements are minimal. Here is a look at those needs and how they can be fulfilled.\nThis snake plant will adapt to low lighting, but it thrives in bright to moderate indirect light. Direct light could scorch its leaves.\nThe foliage is healthier at temperatures between 15-23 degrees Celsius (59-73 degrees Fahrenheit).\nIt can tolerate temperatures as low as 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) for short periods, but it needs to be brought back to warmer temperatures to reinvigorate. The plant cannot tolerate frost.\nSnake plants prefer high levels of air humidity. In drier air conditions, an air humidifier may be employed, or a fine mist can be sprayed into the air.\nThe soil must be permitted to dry in between waterings. Watering can be done once the soil is dry but should be able to drain freely from the pot and soil.\nThe roots must not sit in water as root rot or other fungal issues may form.\nStandard potting mix or that designed for succulent plants work well for this species. Any potting mix used must be well-draining, and it needs to be in a pot or container with adequate drainage.\nA diluted dose of cactus or general-purpose fertilizer may be added once per month in the growing season. Being a low-maintenance plant, it does not require a lot of plant food or extra nutrition.\nAdding too little fertilizer is better than adding too much as the latter could cause damage.\nExtra Tips For A Black Coral Snake Plant\nThese plants may require very little care, but it is always handy to have additional knowledge for their care.\nThe following tips pertain to dealing with insects and illnesses as well as how to properly prune and propagate the foliage.\nPests and Diseases\nThis species of snake plant are incredibly resistant to insects because their leaves are thick and tough. Insects tend to have difficulty trying to feed on them. The main issues that these plants have pertain to fungal disease.\nOne type, in particular, is root rot, but there may be others. There is another rare but additional potential issue listed as well.\n- Root Rot: This fungal disease is often caused by overwatering. The water does not drain quickly enough from the pot, and the roots sit in this moisture for extended periods. This additional moisture creates the perfect environment for fungus to develop. This illness may first be noticed at the base of the plant as a discoloration of the leaves or stalks. The affected areas may be black or brown. The upper leaves may be discolored also, they might become yellow or brown. This issue may be treated by either repotting the plant into fresh soil with a new pot or allowing the current potting mix to dry out. Fungicides may be required. Damaged and infected areas must be cut away, including the roots.\n- Water Toxicity: This issue relates to the water that is added to the soil. In some areas, there are chemicals added to the water. If brown spots start to appear on the leaves that are not related to fungus, the caregiver is advised to only use filtered water or that which has been left to stand at room temperature overnight.\nPruning may be done at any time, especially if the areas trimmed are damaged. However, if the task is being done for cutting back its size, propagating, or other reasons not related to plant-health, it is often best left to the growing seasons, spring and summer.\nBefore pruning, the leaves should be checked for insects or illnesses. Once this is done, the leaves can be cut with sterilized sharp pruners or a knife at a spot near the soil. The cutting tool should be sterilized after each cut, especially if trimming off damaged areas.\nThese plants are propagated through cuttings or division. Cuttings are of three-inch sections of leaves. The lower part of the leave can be set into damp sand to develop roots.\nPropagating in such a way does not guarantee that the plant will have the stripes or banding of the mother plant.\nPropagating through division tends to be easier, and it also produces plants with the stripes of color. To do this, the caregiver must remove the entire plant from the soil.\nThe soil needs to be gently shaken from the roots, and sharp, sterile pruning shears or scissors used to divide the plant into various sections. Each viable division must have part of the root system and should be planted into separate pots with a potting mix designed for succulents.\nPropagation should be completed in spring for better results.\nBlack coral snake plants are mildly toxic to humans and animals if ingested. It is best to keep these plants out of the reach of children and pets.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. Honey vinegar\nIngredients: honey, vinegar, boiled water\nPractice: according to 1:4 to tune honey and vinegar, and then add the appropriate amount of boiled water and mix well. Here we should pay attention to take warm water, too cold and too hot water can damage honey nutrition. use white vinegar, balsamic vinegar has higher sodium, which is not good for high blood pressure patients\nCan take it 20 minutes before breakfast, it will helps bowel detoxification, smooth stool, effectively relieve constipation, you can also take it 10 minutes after lunch and dinner, can promote digestion of food.\n2. Honey porridge\nIngredients: honey, 50 grams of rice, amount ghee\n1, put the rice into the pot, and pour the right amount of water and make it to porridge\n2, and finally add butter and honey into porridge, cook for a few minutes\nIt can be used as breakfast and dinner. Porridge is a liquid food, autumn is the season of appetite, eating more of these liquid foods will help add satiety, reduce your food intake to prevent over-eating and hinder weight gain process,\nMaterial: one white radish, honey 150 grams.\n1, diced turnip, add into boiling water, cooked, dry 10 hours.\n2, put into the pot and then add honey, and mix thoroughly over low heat and let it cool and then eat\n4. Honey and lotus root juice\nIngredients: honey, fresh lotus root\n1, take about 200 grams of lotus root, slices, then put into the juicer to make into juice\n2, pour the juice in to the cup and add a spoonful of honey, stir evenly, complete.\nIt can be drunk 2-3 times in a day, lotus root is a fall food, lotus root is rich in dietary fiber, very favorable for long-term constipation. Lotus has some Jianpizhixie effect, can increase appetite, promote digestion and appetite, cooling blood, and add water", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you’re looking for a way to upgrade your outdoor space without the hassle of traditional lawn care, artificial grass installation may be the perfect solution for you. Artificial grass installers Northern Ohio offers excellent info on this. Artificial grass is becoming increasingly popular among homeowners due to its low maintenance, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Artificial grass installers can provide a range of services to help you create your own outdoor oasis.\nWhen it comes to artificial grass installation, there are a few important factors to consider. First, you’ll need to choose the right type of grass for your particular climate and landscape. Artificial grass is available in a variety of colors and textures, so you should have no problem finding a type that will look great in your yard. Once you’ve chosen the right grass, you’ll need to find an experienced installer who can properly install it.\nThe artificial grass installation process isn’t as complicated as it may seem. Most installers will begin by preparing the soil beneath the grass for proper drainage and leveling. Then, they will lay down a layer of gravel and a base of sand, followed by the artificial grass itself. The installer will then use a specialized cutter to trim the grass to the correct size and shape. Finally, the installer will apply an infill material, such as silica sand, to the grass to ensure that it lies flat and looks natural.\nWhen it comes to cost, artificial grass installation can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars, depending on the size of your lawn, the quality of the grass, and the complexity of the installation. However, the cost of installation is typically much lower than the cost of maintaining a traditional lawn. Additionally, artificial grass is incredibly durable and can last for many years with minimal maintenance.\nIf you’re considering artificial grass installation, be sure to do your research and find an experienced installer who can provide you with quality workmanship. Artificial grass can help you create a beautiful outdoor space that is low maintenance and highly durable, allowing you to enjoy your outdoor space all year round.\nForeverLawn Northern Ohio\n2714 Warner Rd Hinckley, OH 44233\nPhone No. : 440-866-4585", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On the 2nd day of our ski trip, we went up to the top of the mountain. The snow was much better up there. At the top, we got a picture with the Olympic Rings. To come back down off the mountain, we took the Peak to Peak Gondola from the Whistler side to the Blackcomb side and then skied down.\n|In the Lodge|\n|With the Olympic Rings at the Top|\n|On the Peak to Peak Gondola|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Taxonomic name: Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande\nSynonyms: Alliaria alliaria Scop., Alliaria officinalis Andrz, Erysimum alliaria L., Sisymbrium alliaria, Sisymbrium officinalis DC\nCommon names: garlic mustard plant (English), garlic root (English), garlicwort (English), hedge garlic (English), Jack-by-the-hedge (English), Jack-in-the-bush (English), mustard root (English), poor man's mustard (English), sauce-alone (English)\nOrganism type: herb\nIt is believed that European settlers brought Alliaria petiolata to North America for cooking purposes. Alliaria petiolata may outcompete native herbaceous species and negatively impact ecosystems of invaded areas. Alliaria petiolata acts as a population sink for certain butterflies. Its seeds are transported by humans, on animals, and in water. Other long-distance vectors have not been identified.\nAlliaria petiolata is a biennial that starts its first year with a slender taproot and a rosette of kidney-shaped, dark-green leaves that stay green through the winter. The leaves smell like garlic when crushed. It develops into a mature flowering plant in spring if the second year, producing a flowering stalk with numerous white flowers, each composed of 4 petals in a 'cross', 6mm in diameter. The flowering stalk is lined with alternate leaves that are triangularly shaped with sharply toothed edges. Seeds are black and oblong and found in a slender seed pod called a silique. A. petiolata typically grows to 0.5-1.0m tall.\nDentaria spp., Geum spp., Viola spp., Osmorhiza claytonia, Saxifraga virginica\nnatural forests, planted forests, riparian zones, ruderal/disturbed, urban areas\nAlliaria petiolata prefers shade but has been found in areas with full sunlight. It prefers moist, rich soil but is found in sand, loam, clay, limestone, and sandstone substrates. A. petiolata is found mostly in deciduous forest areas. It is one of the few invasive plants that can invade and dominate the understory of forested areas. Invasion is more likely in floodplain forests, forest edges, stream banks, and other disturbed areas, such as trail edges and road sides. A. petiolata is less common on acidic soils.\nAlliaria petiolata can form dense stands because it has no natural predators, and it thrives in disturbed areas. In many forest areas of the eastern and midwestern USA, A. petiolata outcompetes native plants for light, nutrients, moisture and soil. Wildlife species dependant on these native plants for food are left without these valuable resources (PCA, 2006). The presence of garlic mustard interferes with oviposition of the rare native butterflies Pieris napi oleraceae and West Viginia white butterfly (please see Pieris virginiensis for more details on its conservation status). The native hosts of P. napi oleraceae and P. virginiensis are toothworts Cardamine concatenata [Dentaria laciniata] and Cardamine [Dentaria] diphylla. Eggs laid by females hatch but larvae are unable to complete development on garlic mustard (NatureServe. 2007).\nAlliaria petiolata is used as a garlic flavoured herb and is high in vitamin A and C.\nNative range: Alliaria petiolata is native to Europe, ranging from England to Sweden to the western regions of the former USSR (Turkestan, northwestern-Himalayas), India and Sri Lanka, and south to Italy and the Mediterranean basin.\nKnown introduced range: The species has been introduced to New Zealand, Canada and the United States. In North America, A. petiolata was first recorded on Long Island, New York in 1868 (Blossey et al., 2002).\nIntroduction pathways to new locations\nOther: Introduced by settlers for food and medical purposes.\nLocal dispersal methods\nWater currents: Seeds are dispersed by water currents.\nPhysical: Control of garlic mustard, whether they are small or large infestations, requires a long term commitment as the seeds of garlic mustard can remain viable in the soil for five years. Suggestions (Marc Imlay pers.comm., in Aliens-L March 2005) on handling the seed bank problem with garlic mustard include immediately catching new populations which may not have a seed bank, as well as removal of the green reproductive stage in autumn and winter. New studies indicate that cut, flowering garlic mustard may form viable seed. Until more information is available, cut or pulled stems should be removed from the site whenever feasible (Solis, K. 1998). In the case of small infestations, plants can be hand removed but care must be taken to see that the entire root system is removed. Best results are achieved when the soil is soft and moist and achieved by grasping low and firmly on the plant and tugging gently until the main root loosens from the soil and the entire plant pulls out. Pulled plants should be removed from the site if at all possible, especially if flowers are present. For larger infestations of garlic mustard, or when hand-pulling is not practical, flowering stems can be cut at ground level or within several inches of the ground, to prevent seed production. If stems are cut too high, the plant may produce additional flowers at leaf axils. Once seedpods are present, but before the seeds have matured or scattered, the stalks can be clipped, bagged and removed from the site to help prevent continued build-up of seed stores. This can be done through much of the summer (PCA, 2006).\nChemical: Glyphosate controls A. petiolata well, but should be applied during the dormant season to avoid damaging native species. If applied after germination, glyphosate will significantly reduce seedling populations. Any herbs or graminoids that are green at the the time of application will be damaged. Bentazon appears suitable for use in many forest communities but should be tested further before widespread use. 2,4-D and Acifluorfen are not recommended for control of A. petiolata .\nBiological: Research in North America and Europe began in 1998 with field surveys for potential control agents. No releases of agents have yet been made against garlic mustard ( Blossey et al 2002.)\nAlliaria petiolata prefers soils high in lime.\nAlliaria petiolata self-pollinates but it can also be pollinated by insects, including bees and flies. Humans, other animals, and water currents disperse seeds. Wind dispersal is ineffective. A single plant produces an average of 136 to 295 seeds, depending on the size of the plant and the quality of the soil and habitat. Seedling survival rates vary from 1.4 to 42.3%.\nAlliaria petiolata is a biennial. It produces seeds by early summer and then turns yellow and dies in late summer. Seeds can lie dormant for up to six years and require a cold period to germinate.Seeds of garlic mustard are dormant at maturity and require a cold period to germinate. Seed longevity has not been determined specifically but seeds have been known to germinate as long as six years after production. The majority of seeds germinate during the first spring following dispersal and the seedlings become established before the canopy closes over. A few seeds germinate in subsequent years. If seedlings develop within dense beds of second year rosettes, they are generally not successful as they cannot compete with the established plants. Because the majority of seeds germinate during their first spring, garlic mustard produces most of its flowering shoots in alternate years. For the same reason, only a small seed bank of reserve seeds forms in the soil.\nReviewed by: Victoria Nuzzo, Natural Area Consultants. USA\nCompiled by: National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) & IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)\nLast Modified: Friday, 8 December 2006", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Days are like letters to an unknown lover.\nA spread of photographs moving\nTo the beat of of an Inaudible heart rhythm.\nEvery day, the grass on roads\nIs being stepped down.\nEvery night, the rain makes it grow back again.\nTime is a flower listening to a voice in the ground\nTelling it to move upwards.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Freezing red potatoes is a great way to have them on hand for later use. Simply wash the potatoes and slice them into thin pieces. blanch the potatoes in boiling water for two minutes, then drain and cool them off in ice water. Once they are cool, place them in a freezer bag or container and freeze. To use, simply thaw and cook as desired.\nHow To Freeze Red Potatoes\nThere are a few ways to freeze red potatoes. One way is to blanch them in boiling water for three minutes, then cool them in ice water before freezing. Another way is to slice them into thin strips, coat them in olive oil and spices, then freeze. Finally, you can bake them at 400 degrees for about 20 minutes, let them cool, and freeze.\n– Potatoes – Freezer bag – Sharp knife – Cutting board – Measuring cup – Measuring spoons – Olive oil or butter\n- Wash potatoes and slice into thin pieces. drive a toothpick through the center of each slice. place potatoes in a single layer on a baking sheet. freeze for 2 hours. place frozen potatoes in a reseal\n-Red potatoes can be frozen by blanching them first. -Blanch the potatoes in boiling water for three minutes, then shock them in ice water. -Dry the potatoes thoroughly and place them in a single layer on a baking sheet. -Freeze the potatoes for one to two hours, then transfer them to a freezer bag.\nFrequently Asked Questions\nDo Cooked Red Potatoes Freeze Well?\nCooked red potatoes freeze well. They can be frozen whole, or cut into small pieces.\nCan I Freeze Cooked Red Potatoes?\nYes, you can freeze cooked red potatoes. However, they may not retain their same texture and flavor after being frozen and thawed.\nHow Do You Freeze Uncooked Potatoes?\nTo freeze uncooked potatoes, first wash them and then dry them off. Cut the potatoes into small pieces and then place them into a freezer bag. Make sure to remove all the air from the bag before sealing it shut. Then, place the bag in the freezer and freeze for up to six months. To cook frozen potatoes, simply remove them from the freezer and cook them in a pot of boiling water for about 15 minutes or until they are soft.\nFreezing red potatoes is a great way to store them for later use. To freeze red potatoes, first wash and slice them into thin pieces. Next, blanch the slices in boiling water for two minutes. Drain the slices and place them in a single layer on a baking sheet. Freeze the slices for two hours before transferring them to a storage container or freezer bag.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The butterfly plant is not the most popular choice among landscaping enthusiasts, but it does deserve some mention nonetheless. The butterfly plant is the first plant I recommend beginners start with when landscaping with flowers in mind. And, I have always found it a refreshing change of pace to introduce butterfly bushes into my flower garden. Here’s why.\n*Horned plants are attractive to hummingbirds. You may think that the only time a hummingbird visits your front yard is when you have new flowers on your deck, patio or porch. That could be true, but many birds also like to visit flowerbeds. Why do they do this? It seems that some birds are attracted to the blooms on a plant even if it isn’t the primary attraction to humans.\nThe butterfly plant is perfect for attracting hummingbirds because it is very similar to the bee balm. Bee balms are also known as European bee balms, after all. Bee balms produce pollen that attracting various species of both bees and wasps. Those of the two types of wasps are particularly attracted to the pollen produced by the bee balm. When you plant a hummingbird garden around a butterfly plant, you will have a source of food for those creatures as well as a nice supply of blossoms for you and other garden visitors.\nHummingbirds love liatris and dune grass. But you don’t have to plant them to get them – just about any flower in a warm to moderate temperature will do. Liatris is so easy to grow that it’s probably one of the easiest plants you can grow in the US, which is good, because these plants are extremely susceptible to frost. Frost affects nearly all kinds of flowers, so it is vital to be aware of the threats to your butterfly plant. If you live in a warm and sunny perennial region, your plants should fare fine most of the time.\nThe best way to attract bees and other insects to your butterfly plant is in the warmer, drier seasons. This is true for most of the country, although there are a couple of exceptions. For example, in the southern US states, there are only three zones that are good year-round choices for growing bee balm and liatris: zones 3, 4, and 7.\nWhile many plants prefer a warm climate, not all of them are found in warm enough zones to support them. In addition to the evergreen bee balm and liatris, there are two other flowers that are very hardy in cool weather: swallowtails and ruffly sweet pea. Both of these flowers come in both annual and perennial varieties, making them great plants for growing in almost any area.\nThere are other flowers that thrive in different zones, though. zone 7 perennials do well in the southern US states, such as Texas and Louisiana. Zone 3 perennials do well in the north central US states, such as Minnesota and North Dakota. And zone 3 flowers, which include buttercups and butterflowers, can do quite well anywhere, despite the coldest temperatures.\nMost butterfly bush plants need full sun to survive, but that is not a universal condition. Some, such as the swallowtail or ruffly sweet pea, can do well in partial or partially shade. If you are growing a butterfly bush plant from seed, you will find that some bloom better in partial shade than in full sun. This is another reason why you might want to consider planting perennials instead of annuals: by planting perennials, you can plant the flowers in your garden in the right place and then move them to wherever they can do best in your climate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Start Drinking Better Wine Now!\nI'm a fan of this wine year after year it seems, delivering as it does a mouth full of mouth-watering stoniness and...\nA rare sauvignon blanc grown near Chablis in northern France, this has generous, bright nose of gooseberry, juniper,...\nSilvery in the glass, this charming sauvignon blanc wine grown in the chalky soils of the Chablis region is perhaps...\nRate And Review\nRecommend To A Friend\nCopyright © 2009\nWineAlign Promotes The Responsible Legal And Enjoyable Consumption Of Wine", "label": "No"}
{"text": "carry forward of loss\nHi, just want to confirm that in the current due date extended scenario, does this allow one to carry forward losses of fy 2013 14 also, considering the actual date now being 30 Nov 2014? Similarly what about expenses covered under section 43b?\nCBDT has extended the due date. From reading the section we understand that if return is filed before due date losses can be carry forwarded.\nSince the due date itself is extended, losses can be carry forwarded. These are my opinion, expert advice sought.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "putting up the good fight!\nThis morning was a hard realization of what I needed to do to get through the hard, to get to the good! You cannot win, if you don’t fight, stand up, and make a choice! Sometimes when it̵…\nPost to Tumblr", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hemerocallis Apple Court Damson\nThis plant was introduced to the conservation scheme in 2013 having been purchased originally by a local HPS member from Apple Court Gardens and Nursery in Hampshire in the late 1980s. It has been grown and passed round on the Isle of Wight since that time and has always generated a very favourable response from those who have grown it despite the fact that there are now hundreds of Day Lilies (Hemerocallis) to choose from today.\nIntroducing the plant to the Conservation Scheme involved a bit of research into its history and after contacting the National Collection Holder there was initial disappointment when it was revealed that Diana Grenfell, who introduced this Hemerocallis, never registered it.\nAfter some more searching, contact was eventually made with Diana who was able to provide more background.\nHemerocallis Apple Court Damson was one of the results of a batch of seed received from Ron Jinkerson in America some years ago when Diana and her husband owned Apple Court. One of the parent plants from which the seed was obtained was Hemerocallis Joan Senior and it is apparently not unusual for white/cream flowered cultivars to produce purple or darker offspring.\nThere were damson trees at Apple Court and this factor influenced the naming of the plant featured here.\nHemerocallis Apple Court Damson has strap-like foliage to around 35cm then the flowering stems or scapes are held around 20-30cm above this depending on soil conditions. It flowers from mid-June until well into the third week of July and, true to its name, the flared flowers are a stunning, rich deep damson with a lime, almost luminous throat.\nLike most Hemerocallis this one performs best on soil that does not get too dry in the summer and a position in full sun brings out the deepest flower colour.\nPropagation is by division in spring or autumn and the plants are mainly pest and disease free apart from the need to be observant when the flower buds start to form and remove any that are stunted and distorted as they are likely to be infected with Hemerocallis gall midge larvae. There is no known treatment for this at the time of writing and all infected buds should be destroyed.\nIn making contact with Diana Grenfell it was discovered that she had not taken Apple Court Damson with her when she moved which she greatly regretted so it was lovely to be able to reunite her with her introduction by posting a plant back to her as a thank you for the valuable information she was able to provide.\nThanks are also due to George Feltrup of the British Hosta and Hemerocallis Society who gave permission for the HPS to use his super image of this plant.\nThere are two nurseries currently listed in the RHS Plant Finder 2014 as suppliers of Hemerocallis Apple Court Damson.\nThe Conservation scheme involves HPS members in growing these plants and documenting the best way to grow and propagate them. The plants are distributed across the country with many local groups and individual growers being involved.\nThe scheme is open to all HPS members. More information about the scheme can be found here.\nSince the present scheme started in 1998, we have been successful in conserving over 30 plant varieties that are, in our opinion, all worthy of being grown in British gardens. However, there are still a large number of potentially garden worthy plants in need of conservation.\nIf you are a interested in making this (or any other of our conservation plants) available on a commercial basis, please contact the National Coordinator.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "by Sanne Kure-Jensen\n“We’re riding the wave of the local food movement,” said Bevan Linsley, Farmers Market manager and conference organizer. This conference focused on tools market managers could use to improve food safety for a long and prosperous season.\nJanet Coit, RI DEM director and Ken Ayars, RI Division of Agriculture chief offered opening remarks at the Farmers Market Manager Conference, held at the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) headquarters In Providence, RI.\nCoit shared her excitement at Rhode Island having more than 50 farmers markets this past summer. As farmers increase local production, their customers help grow the local economy and protect farmland and open space.\nAyars told participants that when farmers markets include prepared or baked goods, the markets require Special Food Events permits and vendors need a food business license pursuant to Rhode Island Department of Health rules. Different rules and regulations apply than those of farmers markets selling only raw produce. Individually wrapped baked goods must be labeled with their ingredients (in order of volume), nutritional content and allergy warnings (nuts, dairy, etc.) Any farmers market vendor selling items other than produce (whole, uncut) needs a license. Market managers are responsible to tell the state who will be at their markets. It will be up to the state to oversee their licenses and verify their compliance.\nLori Pivarnik, Ph.D. URI’s Food Safety/Research Nutrition and Food Science coordinator, spoke on managing food safety at farmers markets. More people are eating fresh produce amid growing nutritional awareness. Sadly, there is also an increase in the number of food-borne illness outbreaks. Some problems are caused by improper consumer handling or cross-contamination. Risks can be vastly reduced through careful growing, harvest, processing and selling practices.\nLarge operations have more hands touching products and outbreaks have greater impacts. However, record keeping may be easier for small operations since they have more control with less to track than larger farm operations.\nPivarnik recommended farmers always think about what is going on uphill of your fields, water source or processing facility. This is one of the best ways to protect against food contamination.\nMicrobial contaminants can come from wild animal feces, livestock manures or carcasses, people, air, plants and contaminated water. Processing lines should be cleaned and sanitized between produce classes.\nVariable conditions can trigger growth of pathogens to dangerous levels. Some contaminants can lay dormant for as long as 250 days in soils threatening contamination and illness to people.\nAt the Farm — Farm practices focused on prevention can vastly reduce the risks of food contamination. Pivarnik recommended farmers seek GAP training and certification. On-farm programs monitor and protect water quality, manure composting and careful timing of spreading composted manures for soils fertility. Careful tool cleaning and sanitizing, hand washing, good harvesting and processing practices and proper temperature control as appropriate after harvest can significantly improve food safety. More buyers and states require ‘Traceback’ systems.\nAt the Market — Pivarnik encourages market managers to take these minimal precautions at their markets:\n• Be sure all vendors have access to ice made from potable water; clean and sanitize icemakers routinely.\n• Mist produce with spray bottles of potable water to keep them cool.\n• Ensure hand-washing station available. A dedicated coffee urn can be used for hot water.\n• Keep boxes or bins of food off the ground.\n• Do not allow pets or petting zoos at or near farmers markets.\n• Ask vendors to have dedicated people handling money, raw meats or produce. If not, they should use gloves to avoid cross-contamination with produce or ready-to-eat foods. Hand sanitizers are not nearly as effective as washing hands properly. Using individual sheets of waxed paper or tongs are best for food handling.\n• Ask vendors not to sell produce with many bruises (seconds). This can reduce customers’ risk of food-borne illness.\n• Be sure coolers with ice have drains so foods do not float in liquids.\nMarket Managers should include recommended practices, sanitation guidelines and state regulations in their vendor packets. Consumers will benefit from well-trained vendors and farmers.\nFood Safety Manager Certification and Value Added Foods\nRhode Island offers this 15-hour course, exam and certification for anyone who will be preparing potentially hazardous foods. This license must be renewed every three years by taking a recertification class. All processed foods sold at farmers markets must be prepared in licensed kitchens. Check with local health departments for similar offerings in other states.\nTo learn more about food safety, email Lori Pivarnik at email@example.com or call 401-874-2972, or email Catherine Payne Feeney at firstname.lastname@example.org or call 401-222-2749.\nMarket managers can make farmers markets safer\nby Sanne Kure-Jensen", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The slow feed hay bag is made of 1\" webbing with 2\" by 2\" opening which slows your mini down when eating hay. Adjustable hanging straps have snaps at both ends to close the top. There is a strap on the back to secure the hay bag to the trailor or stall to keep it from turning. Black only. 18\" wide by 22\" long.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Visit to the Longines Museum\nThe Saint-Imier watchmaking establishment was founded by Auguste Agassiz, brother of the famous naturalist Louis Agassiz. Auguste and his two partners used to make and sell pocket watches with crown-wheel escapements similar to those produced by the Swiss watchmaking industry in general.\nThis section is devoted to adventure and the pioneering spirit. The brand's products were part of various adventures across the globe. Charles Lindbergh, Philip van Horn Weems, Roald Amundsen, Amelia Earhart and Paul-Emile Victor, among others, were able to use the brand's expertise to conquer the air, the oceans or the land.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bernheim Original Kentucky Straight Wheat Whiskey is the first truly new variety of American straight whiskey introduced since Prohibition. Bernheim is also the first whiskey to use winter wheat as its primary grain creating a soft, sweet flavor and medium finish.\nMildly sweet aroma with hints of vanilla and honey. The palate displays notes of toffee, berries and spice with fresh mint. The finish exhibits soft, toasted oak.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "peas pulao recipe\nA delicious and fragrant rice dish that’s a great addition to your recipe book is pea pulao. Full of flavor from aromatic spices and fresh peas, this meal is not only simple to make but also a crowd-pleaser. Regardless of your level of culinary experience, this recipe for peas pulao will walk you through the process of making a delicious dish that will have everyone requesting seconds.\nWhat is peas pulao…?\nA tasty Indian rice dish called peas pulao is made with basmati rice, fresh green peas, and delicious spices. Sautéed with onions, ginger, and garlic, it’s a simple and delicious recipe that embodies Indian cuisine well for a filling supper.\n- One cup of rice, basmati\n- one cup of new green beans\n- One big onion, cut thinly.\n- Two tomatoes, cut finely.\n- two slit green chilies\n- one-inch grated ginger\n- three minced garlic cloves\n- Two tablespoons of clarified butter, or ghee\n- One tsp cumin seeds\n- Four to five whole peppercorns\n- Four to five cloves\n- Two-inch cinnamon stick\n- 1-2 pods of green cardamom\n- One bay leaf\n- Add salt to taste.\n- To garnish, add fresh coriander leaves.\n1. Wash the Rice:\nFirst, give the basmati rice a good rinse in cold water, making sure the water runs clean. To help the rice absorb moisture, soak it in water for around half an hour.\n2. Sauté Aromatics:\nHeat ghee in a pressure cooker or heavy-bottomed pan over medium heat. Sprinkle in the cumin seeds and watch them pop. Sliced onions should be added and sautéed until golden brown.\n3. Add spices:\nStir in the entire peppercorns, cloves, grated ginger, chopped garlic, green chilies, cinnamon stick, green cardamom pods, and bay leaf. Give the spices a minute to unleash their scent while they sauté.\n4. Include Veggies:\nWhen the oil begins to separate, add the finely chopped tomatoes and simmer until they soften. After that, simmer the fresh green peas for a further two to three minutes.\n5. After draining, add the rice:\nAfter draining, transfer the rice to the pan. Gently stir to distribute the fragrant mixture throughout the rice.\n6. Prepare the pulao:\nAdd salt and the recommended amount of water (usually two cups for every cup of rice). Heat the mixture until it boils. Use a pressure cooker and make sure the lid is closed without.\n7. Add some fluff and garnish.\nAfter cooking, use a fork to separate the grains in the rice. Add some fresh coriander leaves as a garnish for the pea pulao.\n8. Present and Savor:\nWarm pea pulao should be served with yogurt, raita, or any other preferred side dish. It is a lovely side dish or a filling main entrée for any occasion.\nSavor the simplicity of a flawless Peas Pulao, which is a flavorful combination of fresh green peas, aromatic spices, and basmati rice. A basis of flavor is created by sautéed onions, ginger, and garlic; rich warmth is added by cumin, cardamom, and cloves. This recipe is a lovely blend of flavors and textures that comes together quickly, making it a great option for a filling and speedy dinner.\nthis recipe for peas pulao is going to make your mealtime even more enjoyable with its vivid colors and inviting scent. Savor the flavor of fragrant spices and luscious peas in every bite of this delicious dish that you can serve to your loved ones. Have fun in the kitchen!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Gallery of 19 best modern garden ideas interior design, gallery of garden ideas for kids or children interior. Best solar lights for garden ideas uk. Best 20 herb garden design 2017 allstateloghomescom.\nTop 50 best backyard pavilion ideas covered outdoor, 18 roof top garden designs, decorating ideas design. 50 gorgeous outdoor patio design ideas. 26 amazing garden waterfall ideas style motivation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Eric feels that though Barbara calls this an accidental garden it inadvertently exhibits a number of\ngreat design principles. For example, the use of the Cosmos and the Obedient plant exhibit the use of a\ngreat design principal - a light plant going into a dark border. This garden is right on the edge of the\nstreet, yet it has a nice sense of intimacy because the garden border provides a sense of enclosure, of\nwarmth. The way Barbara has used the Veronica to border the pathway is inviting. It basically lures one\ninto the garden. She has created very nice focal points with the Salvia and Echinacea in the back, the\nnice tall vertical plants draw ones eye into those sections of the garden. And, her use of three's to\nanchor the garden is spot on. The ornamental grasses exhibit that design principal perfectly. Barbara\ndoesn't know why she always buys plants in threes but usually does. It just seems to her that it looks\nbetter than one's, two's or even fours. Eric thinks the best alternative to turf anywhere is a beautiful\ngarden and Barbara has done that here. It's fantastic.\nBy Tim Wood, Proven Winners® ColorChoice® Shrubs Photographs courtesy of Proven Winners® ColorChoice® Shrubs\nPeople are becoming more aware of the threat of invasive species that can alter our native ecosystems. Because of that scientists, horticulturists, farmers and gardeners are working to produce well-behaved, environmentally friendly plants that are not invasive threats like their parents. For an interesting article by Tim Wood.\nClick here to sign up for our monthly NEWSLETTER packed with great articles and helpful tips for your home, garden and pets!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "August 7, 2019\nAs part of the celebration of the 700th anniversary of the founding of Denbury Church, the village community commissioned a special mosaic sculpture designed and composed by children at Denbury School. working with artist Monica Shanta Brown.\nSupported by a substantial grant from the HelenFoundation, the workshop was a huge success and results are stunning. The sculpture now has pride of place in the churchyard where it was unveiled recently at a special ceremony.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Perfect for a quick evening supper. This time of year we still have a few onions left as well as beets and potatoes from the fall harvest.\n1 pound beets, trimmed and scrubbed\n1 medium onion, thinly sliced\n6 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil (I use our high-oleic safflower oil from The Oil Barn®)\n1 tablespoon thyme leaves, fresh (1 teaspoon dried)\n1 pound potatoes, peeled and cut into 1/4 inch slices\n1 pound plum tomatoes, cut crossways into 1/4 inch slices\nsalt and fresh ground pepper to taste\nPreheat oven to 400 degrees. Wrap beets tightly in parchment-lined foil. Roast on a baking sheet until tender, about 1 1/2 hours. Let cool, then peel and cut crossways into 1/4 inch slices.\nIncrease oven temperature to 425 degrees. Toss onion with one tablespoon of oil and half the thyme. Season with salt and pepper and arrange in the bottom of a 3-quart round or oval gratin dish.\nArrange the potato, beet and tomato slices overlapping in rounds. Season with salt and pepper, drizzle with 2 tablespoons of oil and the remaining thyme. Cover tightly with parchment-lined foil.\nBake for 30 minutes, uncover and drizzle with the remaining 3 tablespoons of oil. Bake uncovered until veggies are tender and the tomatoes are caramelized (about 35 minutes more).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cabbage Rolls by Marilyn\nMarilyn Renfro Gore\nHow to Make Cabbage Rolls by Marilyn\n- 1Remove outer leaves of cabbage and place whole head in salted boiling water to looser leaves. Remove leaves to large bowl or cutting board to cool as you loosen them from the head. Reserve liquid in pot.\n- 2Mix raw meat, onion, salt, pepper, rice and thyme well. Make into balls and roll each ball into a cabbage leaf. I make from 24 to 30 rolls.\n- 5Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour and 20 minutes to 1 hour and 30 minutes. Enjoy!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dust Collecter Cyclonic Dust Collector Manufacturer from ,Manufacturer of Dust Collecter Cyclonic Dust Collector, Dust Collector offered by M. K. Industries, Delhi. Manufacturer of Dust Collecter Cyclonic Dust Collector, Dust Collector offered by M. K. Industries, Delhi. rice mill,dal mill, flour mill,and more of other appliions. Request Callback. Additional Information: Pay Mode Terms: Rice Pulveriser Rice Pulverizer Exporter from Mumbai,Exporter of Rice Pulveriser Rice Pulverizer, Rice Flour Mill, Rice Grinder offered by D. P Pulveriser Industries, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Exporter of Rice Pulveriser Rice Pulverizer, Rice Flour Mill, Rice Grinder offered by D. P Pulveriser Industries, Mumbai, Maharashtra. Pulse Dust Collector. Get Best Quote. Maize Grinding Hammer Mill\nCombustible Dust Occupational Safety and Health ,Combustible Dust Doesyourcompanyorfirm processanyoftheseproductsor Raw yucca seed dust Rice dust Rice flour Rice starch Rye flour Semolina Soybean dust Spice dust Spice powder The dustcontaining systems (ducts and dust collectors) are designed in a manner (i.e., no leaking) that fugitive dusts are not allowed to Health problems in agriculture Grain dust,Grain dust is the dust produced from the harvesting, drying, handling, storage or processing of barley, wheat, oats, maize or rye and includes any contaminants or additives within the dust (eg. bacteria, endotoxin, fungal spores, insects and insect debris, pesticide residues). Health risks are also\nLaxmi Flour Mill Atta Chakki Manufacturers Since 1983 in India,Domestic flour mill . Commercial Flour Mill . We, at Shubhsagar industries, started manufacturing Flour mill with the brand name \"LAXMI\" in 1983. Taking care of rural and urban areas alike, we started making products that are easy to operate and affordable for the Indian Families. Flour Mill/Atta Chakki in IndiaB.R Industries Grinding Machinery Manufacturer,Supplier ,B. R. INDUSTRIES One of the prominent Manufacturer,Supplier and Exporter of Industrial Pulverizers and Grinding Plants loed in Hyderabad, Telangana, India.\nResearch Article EXPLOSION HAZARD AND SAFETY IN ,are bucket elevators, storage bins, hammer mills, dust collectors and other enclosed equipments where explosions often initiate. Most of the explosions are in grain elevators, feed mills, corn processors, flour mills and rice mills. Out of 106 reported grain dust explosions during 19882005, 51 were in grainHarmless Flour is an Incredibly Explosive Substance Awesci,Mar 13, 2014 · The next time you are biting off from a bread, pizza, pancake or a doughnut, you should probably take a minute and pay a silent acknowledgement to the people who work in flour mills to bring flour to your homes. Yes, because flour, the seemingly harmless cooking ingredient can be an incredibly dangerous substance – It explodes. Wait a minute.\nrice roller mill machinery for flour,Rice Flour Mill, Rice Flour Mill Suppliers and Manufacturers ›Machinery›mill›flour millRice Flour Mill, Wholesale Various mill maize mill commercial flour mill hand grain mill atta flour mill roller flour mill Mung bean flour mill / rice mill Read more durum wheat flour roller mill / rice flour mill machine Asian Flour Mill Pune Maharashtra India Flour Mill Dust ,Apr 26, 2017 · Flour mill dust collector system. atta chakki 9417101354 Bablu mistri from ludhiana street no 10/1guru gobind singh nager shimla puri Duration: 1:18. shalu verma 14,428 views\nWuxi Hasen Import & Export Co., Ltd. grain processing ,Wuxi Hasen Import & Export Co., Ltd., Experts in Manufacturing and Exporting grain processing line, wheat flour mill processing machine and 376 more Products. Manufacturer of Flour Mill Dust Collector & Mill Dust ,Satyam Udyog Manufacturer of Flour Mill Dust Collector, Mill Dust Blower & Multi Flour Mill Dust Collector from Satara, Maharashtra, India. Satyam Udyog Manufacturer of Flour Mill Dust Collector, Mill Dust Blower & Multi Flour Mill Dust Collector from Satara, Maharashtra, India Three Phase Rice Mill Dust Blower. Get Best Quote. Read\nHow to Grind Rice in a Blender Livestrong.com,Using rice flour is a cooking alternative for those suffering from a wheat allergy. According to the Kids with Food Allergies Foundation, for recipes, you can substitute 7/8 cups of rice flour for each cup of wheat flour. Use rice flour to bake muffins, cakes or bread.Combustible Dust Basics hixsoninc.com,Rice Rice flour Rice starch Rye flour Semolina Soybean Spice dust Sugar Sunflower Sunflower seed Tea Tobacco Tomato Walnut dust Wheat flour Wheat grain Wheat starch Xanthan gum . Combustible Dust Basics 659 Van Meter Street Cincinnati OH 452021568 T: 513.241.1230 F: 513.241.1287 Email: [email protected] Website: Page 3\nValencia Flour Mill YouTube,Click to view on Bing1:21Jun 25, 2016 · Video by Greg Sorber/Journal. This video is unavailable. Watch Queue QueueAuthor: Albuquerque JournalImperial Systems Inc. Feed & Grain Company Listings,Jun 28, 2017 · Imperial Systems, Inc. is a leader in the dust collection industry. We specialize in offering custom design, fabriion and complete package systems. As a customerdriven solutions provider, we earn credibility and establish successful relationships by exceeding expectations for professional service and attitude.\nFlour mill dust exhaust system YouTube,Click to view on Bing0:26Nov 01, 2013 · Flour mill dust exhaust system for wheat mill and javari flour mils. Flour Mill Dust Collector KK and Company Duration: How to Make a Mini Rice Mill/Huller from a bench Grinder DIY .Author: Rajashekar ReddyRice Flour Roller Mill SATAKE Group,Rice Flour Roller Mill. CMU30A. Download Catalog Features Specifiions Major components such as control panel, feeder, mill, dust collector, cyclone and airlock are prefabried for easy installation and reloion. Model CMU30A Dimensions (mm) (W)1,500 x (D)1,500 x (H)2,183 (Not including bracket to\nQuality Industrial Flour Mill & Compact Flour Mill ,Zhengzhou Chinatown Grain Machinery Co., Ltd. is best Industrial Flour Mill, Compact Flour Mill and Corn Flour Mill supplier, we has good quality products & service from China.Exposure to Flour Dust and Sensitization Among Bakery ,flour dust in the bread and bun production, distribution, engineering, and sanitation departments and the office and plant management areas. The inhalable flour dust concentrations for PBZ and GA samples for certain job titles in the lowerexposure group had a GM of 0.235 mg/m. 3", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sport a classic that’s as comfortable as it is stylish. With a 100% soft cotton feel and bold branding, the Classics Logo Tee is an everyday staple.\nFEATURES & BENEFITS\nBCI: By buying cotton products from PUMA, you’re supporting more sustainable cotton farming through the Better Cotton Initiative\nRib crewneck collar\nPUMA Archive No.1 Logo print at center chest\nSHELL: 100% cotton", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have spent a lot of time drying apples and have the cupboard stuffed with what my sister and I refer to as ’emergency fruit.’ I have to tell you that those little packets have saved me from a rumbly tummy more times than I can count.\nMy niece took exception to the term and stated that the variety of dried fruit that gets mingled in a bag and hauled on every trip into the woods, tucked into every vehicle we own, and even poked into gift baskets should be renamed ‘adventure fruit!’ The new name fits well and now I just have to remember to call it by the new name!\nNow I am weary of shuffling drying racks each day, yet I still have apples left. I have switched to freezing.\nJust like the zucchini, I have been preparing chopped apples for the freezer.\nOnce the weather is more toward the colder side, I will be using the frozen apples in pies and breads.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "garden inn downtown full height view hilton detroit parking.\nstudying horticulture received grant funding to design and build a pollinator garden in collaboration with state grounds management equity gardenia bread origin student creates campus pol.\ngarden inn queens airport in us hilton jfk houston motor.\nphoto of garden inn triangle town center united states hilton raleigh nc southpoint.\nlawn and garden battery everstart group size u1p7 mower equivalent.\nunable to load video olive garden knoxville restaurant tn.\nthe angled building of our office frames logo white silhouette olive garden st cloud mn partners.\nolive garden five cheese copycat nutrition information salad info.\ngarden trellis diy for squash going buggy.\nolive garden menu nutrition minestrone soup gardens new dinner.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Traditional Ramadan soup\nMake breakfast a special start with a plate of hot soup – and the best part about that? You can prepare it and store it in the refrigerator now to serve it whenever you want to save time for later\nRecipe by: Goody Kitchen\nMelt the ghee in a pressure cooker over medium heat and cook the onions for 5-6 minutes or until they soften, then add the garlic and cook with the onions for an additional minute.\nAdd the soft, mashed tomatoes and 4 cups of beef broth, then leave the mixture to boil. Wrap all the spices in a white muslin cloth in the form of a bag, then drop them into the soup to highlight the flavors of the spices during cooking.\nPlace the wheat on top of the mixture, then close the pressure cooker and cook for 30-40 minutes, or until the wheat is fully cooked. (You may need to add more beef broth if the soup becomes too thick.) Carefully open the lid of the pressure cooker, discard the seasoning packet, and pour\nPlace the soup in bowls for serving. You can garnish it with chopped coriander and serve it alongside lemon halves.\nOne-pot French onion minestrone with cheesy croutons", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A fresh show of summer flowers are on the way in the Residents Association planters outside the village shops.\nThe Brighter Fetcham team have once again put in the hard work of changing the compost and planting no less than 150 geraniums for us to enjoy throughout the summer.\nThere are 16 planters altogether, so the team led by Margaret Clarke, needed six bags of compost and manure. The costs are all paid by the Residents Association.\nMargaret says the concern now is to keep the planters watered, especially when the weather turns hot.\n\"We hope the shopkeepers will do as much watering as they can, but obviously only a few of the shops are open at the moment,\" she says.\nSo next time you are in the village, do take a moment to appreciate all the hard work.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cottage garden plants represent a great variety of plants, usually planted in mixed plantings and combinations to produce romantic gardens with plenty of form, texture, colour and fragrance. Check out our range of cottage plants products at your local bunnings warehouse.\nPastels compliment each other well.\nCottage garden plants bunnings. Explore our range of indoor and outdoor plants, unique pots and planters, succulents and cacti, herbs, and much much more. Single colour apricot hybrids or white forms are also available. Buying online also means you buy what you actually want.\nYes, to humans and pets. You can get them already potted and putting them up is a pretty effortless process! The common biennial foxglove, digitalis purpurea and improved selections such as digitalis purpurea excelsior group can reach up to 2m (6ft);\n4 elements of a cottage garden. Flowering in spring and summer, once planted it will reseed itself and reappear each year. Plant as part of a mixed border or in large swaths for impact, suggests tankersley.\nA garden shed overlooking a vegetable patch; I now do most of my plant buying online particularly as wholesale nursery suppliers to places like bunnings would have used some form of insecticides on their plant stock. Here in australia independent nurseries are a dying breed and one is left with bunnings (big box hardware store).\nClassic flowering plants such as roses, lavender, daisies and salvias in pastel shades; Choose your plants for the right look. 4km from the brisbane cbd, the cottage garden nursery offers a range of diverse and unique experiences.\nJoseph's coat cactus x 1 variegated succulents red flowering hardy drought opuntia monacantha f. Groundcover roses should also do reasonably well. Courtesy of chicago botanic garden.\nThere are many different varieties of all of these and they all take well to pruning or clipping to keep them neat. Cottage garden plants bring back memories of nana’s garden, but have a timeless quality that’s all their own. The 5 best indoor hanging plants string of pearls.\nFor a free flowing garden full of flowers and bright colours, consider using the colour wheel to choose plants. Discover top plants for your cottage garden. Visit us today for the widest range of plants products.\nMajestic delphiniums, charming foxgloves, fragrant lavender, and more combine to create a delightful show in your front yard. This guide from bunnings will take you through 11 popular garden ground covers. This guide from bunnings will take you through 11 popular garden ground covers.\nWe also offer unique hanging baskets carrying vibrant seasonal flowers for those who love colours in their lives! Plants that foam at their feet, such as hardy geraniums or alchemilla. Saved by bunnings 3 cottage garden design cottage garden plants garden landscape design perennial ground cover ground cover plants small shrubs small trees landscaping melbourne front yard landscaping\nA friend of ours actually won the cubby in a raffle and gave it to us which was craned in. To help you create the perfect gardenscape, here are 18 of the best silver plants to grow in and around your home. When it comes to planting a lush garden it's not just all sculptural leaves and bright flowers — ensuring that your more vibrant plants have a neutral backdrop to be paired with is equally as important.\nOther plants to consider are hebes, lavenders, salvias, coastal rosemary (westringia), which are all suitable for the cottage garden look. My favourite plants are dragon tree, there are something about them that makes each individual plant unique. They’re widely available at your local kmart, ikea, and bunnings, usually costing less than other indoor plants or japanese orchids.\nAir plants, boston fern, burro’s tail, golden pothos, etc. Visit bunnings warehouse new zealand today to find your nearest store! With their edible and fragrant blooms, violets are among the most charming flowers for the cottage garden.\nHanging plants are awesome for those who want to give a newer look to the exteriors of their house or office. Are the most popular hanging plants. Its colourful tubes are full of nectar, making them perfect for pollinators like bees.\nI made the sandpit, giant chalk board and painted pencil like posts around. For something contrasting and bright, choose colours at opposite ends of the colour wheel like purple and yellow. Climbing plants and densely planted flowering shrubs that are encouraged to grow wild ;\nIt’s a beauty and very solid. They love any soils and thrive on the heat. 11 ground covers for your.\nLavender munstead x 5 plants english herbs cottage garden scented blue flowering bush shrubs lavandula angustifolia hardy. Fences or stone walls that section the garden into a series of smaller ‘rooms’ Check out our wide range of cottage plants from brands you know & trust.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Should Fence Posts be Set in Concrete?\nFence posts play a critical role in the overall stability and longevity of your fence. But, the age-old debate among gardeners, landscapers, and DIY enthusiasts has long been whether fence posts should be set in concrete or not. This ultimate guide explores the advantages and disadvantages of using concrete for fence post installation and provides you with enough information to make an informed decision.\nIntroduction to Fence Post Installation\nSetting fence posts is the first and most crucial step in building a sturdy, long-lasting fence. The method used to install fence posts has a direct impact on the fence's durability and stability. The most common techniques for fence post installation in the UK include:\n- Setting fence posts in concrete\n- Using metal post spikes\n- Packing the base of the post with tightly compacted gravel\nIn this guide, we will focus primarily on the pros and cons of using concrete for fence post installation.\nAdvantages of Setting Fence Posts in Concrete\nThere are several benefits to using concrete when setting fence posts:\nIncreased Strength and Stability\nConcrete is an excellent material to provide additional support and strength to your fence posts. Fences set in concrete are typically more stable, meaning they are less likely to sway in strong winds or become dislodged during heavy rains.\nWhen set in concrete, fence posts are far more resistant to the elements and the natural wear and tear caused by changing weather conditions. This added durability can help extend the life of your fence, saving you time and money on future repairs or replacements.\nTermites, wood-boring insects, and rot are all common issues faced by wooden fence posts. However, when fence posts are set in concrete, these pests have a more challenging time gaining access to the wood, reducing the likelihood of infestations and subsequent damage.\nFence posts that are set in concrete are more difficult to remove, making them less appealing to potential thieves looking to steal materials or trespass on your property.\nDisadvantages of Setting Fence Posts in Concrete\nDespite the advantages, there are also drawbacks to using concrete for fence post installation:\nWhen improperly installed, concrete can trap moisture at the base of the fence post, leading to faster rot and decay.\nDifficulty in Adjusting or Replacing Fence Posts\nIf you ever need to replace a fence post or adjust the fence’s height, removing the concrete can be time-consuming and labor-intensive.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cabernet Sauvignon, ‘Pedregal Vyd’, Ramey Cellars\n“Pedregal” means a rocky place in Spanish, and that is certainly a distinguishing feature of the site. This is a small, hillside vineyard on the lower slopes of eastern Oakville that’s planted to 85% Cabernet Sauvignon and 15% Petit Verdot. During 2008 we agreed to a long-term lease of this vineyard which gives us complete control even through any change in ownership. That year, we began directly farming the vineyard. Our farming team, headed by Doug Hill, planted this vineyard in 1990 and has farmed it continuously since.\nCabernet Sauvignon – Clone 7 on St. George and 110R rootstock, planted with 4’x8’spacing in 1990. Petit Verdot – Sterling selection on 110R rootstock, planted with 4’x6′ spacing in 1993. All on Iron rich red soil and 85% basalt rock.\nPress & Reviews\nA blend of 81% Cabernet Sauvignon, 14% Petit Verdot and 5% Cabernet Franc, the 2013 Cabernet Sauvignon Pedregal Vineyard has a deep garnet-purple color and nose of ripe black berries, crushed black currants, pencil lead and dried herbs with hints of dark chocolate and menthol. Medium to full-bodied with a great intensity and harmony, it has a solid backbone of firm grainy tannins and great length. Still very youthful and primary, give it another 2-3 years in bottle and drink it over the next 20+ years.\nThe 2013 Cabernet Sauvignon Pedregal Vineyard has turned out beautifully. It is also much more accessible young than I expected, despite its considerable size. Bright red stone fruit and pomegranate notes are pushed forward. There is plenty of tannin, but it is nearly buried by the sheer intensity of the fruit. There is plenty of stuffing and potential here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The protein complex mTORC1 is a central regulator of cell metabolism. In the active state, it stimulates anabolic processes and increases the production and storage of proteins and lipids. Researchers from ...\n31 minutes ago\nResearchers studying the pediatric cancer neuroblastoma have detailed how cancer-driving mutations evolve during chemotherapy, and they hope to exploit this knowledge to design better treatments for children.\n21 hours ago", "label": "No"}
{"text": "plants for large pots in sun\nI will look at getting some photos up soon. Type above and press Enter to search. Learn more about lantana here. You can let the soil dry right out as long as you give it a thorough soaking when you do water. Most people struggle with choosing plants that will thrive in low-light or shade because that can be a bit of a challenge. Hi! The best fertilizer is really dependent on the plant. You may have to water more often but you eliminate the risk of water-logged roots. Lilyturf/Lilygrass. Potted plants also dry out much faster than you'd ever expect. Maintain moisture and be sure to … Gently wash the old mix away from the roots first. If that is your region, you might find they eventually get a little too large for an average pot, reaching up to 8 feet high. These flowers for container gardening are low maintenance and give you a high return on your investment with gorgeous, nectar-filled blossoms that bring all the butterflies to your yard.. The prolific blossoms attract hummingbirds and butterflies and will grow strong all summer with regular feeding. Though they thrive in the sun, these lilies are not going to do well in dry conditions. Sedum is a really large group of succulents, with so many varieties that you might not even realize they are all the same type of plant. Lantana is a common tropical flower that blooms year-round in bright colors like red, yellow, orange, white or pink. Petunias are easy to find, inexpensive, and come in a vast assortment of colors and sizes. They are drought tolerant and only need an average amount of water. However, when you have big houseplants, they not only create an impression but they also make a visual statement that is simply hard to miss! While most are plain green, look for types with a mottling of dark red or white edges for extra interest. Plant in the Cool Season. Herbs: try basil, coriander, parsley and chives. Golden creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia) is a low-growing trailing plant with leaves of golden green. Full Sun Planter list for video. Happy planting! A blanket flower will keep on blooming from early summer right through until you get your first frost, if you cut back older flowers before they go to seed. They’ll dry quickly and can be used around the house for a little aroma and to promote health. Or stick to a more bush-shaped petunia for a standard planter. (Gaillardia grandiflora)Looking like a bright red and yellow daisy, the blanket flower is a colorful choice for that bright sunny spot. Choose seedlings that are stocky and healthy, and avoid any that are wilted or dry. They work very well in large containers and can reach heights between 1 and 3 feet, depending on the variety. As a bonus, verbenas are great for attracting butterflies. Try combining with phormiums, euphorbia, nasturtiums and … Here are 15 flowers that can withstand all the sun … Make sure to tease apart the roots before you plant them. Light: Full sun. This mounding plant can be planted on its own or with a spiller plant, like creeping Jenny or sutera. Plumbago If the plant has outgrown its pot (for example, the pot is full of roots, hard to wet or prone to blowing over), you should re-pot into a new, larger container with fresh potting mix. Like most heavy-flowering plants, Cinerama should be deadheaded and fertilized regularly. Garden guru Helen Young unveils her 15 top-performing potted plants, divided into sun-lovers and shade-lovers, chosen for their good looks as well as for being robust and easy to grow. They prefer sun or partial shade, are mostly fully hardy and generally quite easy to grow. The truth is that it is just as difficult finding the right plants for very sunny spots too. As each bloom starts to die back, snip off the stalk to prevent the flower from going to seed. Debra LaGattuta is a certified master gardener with decades of experience with perennial and flowering plants, container gardening, and raised bed vegetable gardening. plants that will thrive in low-light or shade, can be used around the house for a little aroma and to promote health. You can start them indoors about 10 to 12 weeks before outdoor planting time. Looking for hardy plants to grow in pots? Even better, newer varieties of petunias self-deadhead, which is great because deadheading petunias can take forever. This stimulates the plant to put up more flowers, rather than going dormant. Continuous Container Gardens: Swap in the Plants of the Season to Create Fresh Designs Year-Round. Plant it in sun or shade and keep well watered during hot weather. Browallia, or bush violet, goes well with almost anything and its height, 12 to 14 inches, is great for use in the middle of a mixed container garden. A large plant in a relatively small pot may need watering every day whereas a new planting may only require watering once a week until its roots grow and fill the entire volume of potting mix. Annuals/ bedding plants: try petunias for summer, and pansies from winter to spring. They’ll want at least 8 hours of direct sun, and should be watered when the soil has dried out. Townsend, Sara Begg., and Roanne Robbins. The soil in your container should be loose and well-draining, and you’ll need a spot with full sun for at least 6 to 8 hours. Cape daisy is cheerful, forgiving (they are hardy to 25 degrees Fahrenheit), and come in a variety of handsome colors. For more plants suited to exposed conditions, take a look at our top 10 plants for windy sites. Need sunlight and tolerating heat are two different things. It’s a good idea to regularly go around the pot with a pair of hardy … \"Make sure there's a hole in the bottom of your pot so plants don't drown, and read the tag or talk to the nursery to learn which plants do well in your specific conditions, such as full sun or shade.\" Including a plant with broad leaves or a groundcover-like growth habit will shade the soil and help it retain moisture. And they are very inexpensive. To fill a large pot, combine several plants that have similar growth requirements. Tall elegant lilies are always nice in a container, though canna lilies are only perennials in warmer zones 7 through 10. Get them situated in a spot with bright sun for most of the day, and possibly give them a feeding of fertilizer once a month. These profuse bloomers are extremely forgiving and come in a wide range of colors. Plants in pots can be hard work. https://www.thespruce.com/how-not-to-kill-your-mums-847862. Regular deadheading of faded blooms will keep your plants looking good and will encourage more blooms. In this list you'll discover eight easy-to-find, colorful plants that can brighten up your outdoor environment. University of Georgia Extension. Your plants won’t likely survive the winter unless you live in a hot region (above zone 10), so just consider your portulaca as an annual. Here’s a list of the Best Large Indoor Plants for your home or office!Tall Houseplants look fascinating and create an illusion of enlarged interior!. Position Full sun to part shade. If you’re not fond of replanting every spring, this will save you the effort. For a riot of color in a range of shades, go with pots of petunias. Bunnings Greenlife Buyer Katie Eggleton says, “large and small, pots add an extra level of interest to your garden and patio. Dry soil is fine occasionally as they are somewhat drought tolerant as well as sun-loving. Good luck! This mounding plant can be planted on its own or with a spiller plant, like creeping Jenny or sutera. Water: Plant in moist, well-drained soil.\nHow To List On Rvshare, Billy Rose's Jumbo Music Composed By, 2007 Honda Accord Specs, To Sacrifice My Own Life For Pakistan Tiktok, Amanda Milius Wikipedia Age, Henry Garrett Wife, Spray Foam R-value 2x4 Wall, Lake Of The Woods Az Cabin Map, 1974 Bmw R90/6 Cafe Racer,", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This lean, tender, and 100% grass-fed beef sirlion tip roast is perfect for an easy family dinner.\nBest when cooked to medium rare and sliced thin against the grain. May also be marinated.\nAll of our animals are pasture-raised in a natural environment in West Alexandria, OH using regenerative farming practices. They are fed the highest quality of food with minimal stress.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An agreement taking affect this month grants NCBA CLUSA $1,450,637 to extend its USAID-funded Yes Youth Can! capacity-building project in Kenya through July 2015.\nThe extension moves the project’s estimated completion date from August 31, 2014 to July 31, 2015, increases the total budget to $9,045,385 and amends the program description to include new activities to be implemented during the extension period.\nAccording to the agreement, NCBA CLUSA will “utilize the youth network and Government of Kenya systems to the greatest extent possible for monitoring, evaluation and implementation while maintaining minimal staff and operational costs,” and demonstrate that all activities funded are “youth-owned, youth-led and youth-managed.”\nActivities supported include:\n• Building capacity of local youth organizations that promote youth voice in local and national policy dialogue and to participate in inter-ethnic coalitions\n• Facilitation and provision of new livelihood opportunities for youth, and improvement of access to youth-friendly services through the Community-based Facilitators (CBFs)\n• Gender (to “ensure women’s full participation in all activities”)\nThe move follows a previous 10-month $2.4 million extension continuing the project through August 2014, and comes just months after NCBA CLUSA signed an agreement with the Kenyan government cementing the trade association and international development organization as a cooperative leader in the country.\nLaunched in 2009, Yes Youth Can! engages young people in partnerships with government entities, foundations, donors and the private sector as they implement community service and economic development projects. The project has led to sustainable youth organizations, increased levels of youth advocacy, improved livelihoods and higher levels of participation by women in leadership roles. Yes Youth Can! has trained and empowered hundreds of youth groups, or bunges—grooming thousands of disadvantaged young people for future employment, entrepreneurship and community leadership.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Professional honey producers say individuals must stop wasting their hard earned money on expensive how to start beekeeping classes in Rumsey Kentucky because they can get affordable training through online information and ebooks which cost far less than beekeeping classes.\nLots of people don’t realise that beekeeping is a million dollar sector and can get you tons of cash if you want to start beekeeping as a company. But one thing for sure is that it requires lots of effort and time in order for it to be successful. When beginning of in beekeeping one has to undoubtedly learn bee biology from a skilled beekeeper or get helpful information on bee biology.\nOne of the first things to understand before you begin beekeeping is that since bees boom on blooms, the winter season is a big challenge in their opinion. Simply because bees discover that it’s hard to generate honey and occasionally eat there own honey, which can be simply regurgitated food.\nIts quiet an astounding thought bees have mastered the craft of making it without blossoms during the winter months, but it does occur. The normal time for bees to produce large amounts of honey is the warmer months like in summer, and is the time where you’ll find many beekeepers farming\nBeekeeping can be an expensive hobby if you don’t know what you are doing. It’s possible for you to wind up making costly mistakes along the way. You must know of the proper locations to put your boxes for them to assemble their hives, although it may appear cheap because you will make a box and place some slides for bees to come.\nSo that you can get extra knowledge in beekeeping one has to learn entomology, which is an essential part of the beekeeping sector. You must know what type of predators will prey on your bees, such as wasps, yellow jackets, microscopic mites, and hornets.\nScience also plays a large part in beekeeping because it teaches you how to keep bee’s habitat healthy and free of pests. Beekeeping stretches back generations in some families, which in turn makes lots of folks dedicated and serious about honey bee’s task, which is very important in almost any beekeeper training.\nA lot of beekeepers mastered the ability of beekeeping through parents and their grandparents. And to them is merely an easy chore to do on the farm, but in the long run eventually became something that was marketable as a product in the worldwide marketplaces.\nBut apart from the learning curve when mastering this fascinating avocation, you can easily be on your way to successful beekeeping in case you are willing to learn and strive for success.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Click the news page to view the full story.\nFarmers are rushing to shoot as many beavers as possible before a new protection order comes into place, it is claimed.\nWith the expensive winter housing period for dairy cows getting ever closer, South West farming leaders have underlined how important it is that increased market returns for milk processors are quickly passed back to farm businesses.\nA farmer has agreed to surrender 90 sheep to Staffordshire County Council after they were found to be suffering from blowfly strike.\nA family faces a £10,000 bill after their pet dogs killed over 40 sheep during a gruesome spree - while their owners slept.\nA farmer with an appalling history of cruelty to animals has lost an application to lift a lifetime ban on keeping livestock.\nA Warwickshire dairy farmer has turned to a high-tech ‘Milkbot’ vending machine to combat the fall in milk prices.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This course covers the essentials of both broiler and table egg (commercial layer) production. It is aimed at those already working on a poultry farm, those wanting to start a broiler or layer business and for the technical support staff from the allied industries who need to know more to better assist their customers.\nCandidates are shown on the training farm how to manage the broiler and layer flocks and are encouraged to get involved in the daily routines of feeding, weighing, drinker and ventilation management etc.\nThe course includes inter alia the following topics :\nCost of this 5 day course: R6115", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to Make It\nIn a pot, combine brown rice, tomato sauce, water and garlic powder. Bring to a boil over medium-high heat. Stir once, reduce heat to low, cover and simmer for 55 minutes or until all liquid has absorbed. Stir in thawed peas, season with salt and pepper and serve.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1st Annual Conference of Lithuanian Diversity Charter\n1st Annual Conference of Lithuanian Diversity Charter “Taking best ouf of diversity” designed to share successful approaches and strategies, promote culture of respect and inclusion, sharpen your professional networking and create opportunities for the implementation of the best practices to use the full potential of Diversity and Inclusion on your organization’s bottom line.\nWHEN: 19 September 2019\nWHERE: Swedbank, Konstitucijos av. 20a, Vilnius\nREGISTRATION IS OPEN by 13 09 2019\nWorking language English | translation in Lithuanian till lunch\nProgramme is available here", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Prices are vat included\nMax Reach Height\nReliable and lightweight low level working platform for DIY and trade usage. Max load 23.8 Stone\nNeat and tidy low level work platform for DIY and Tradesmen.\nThe Glass fibre low level work platform is a simple hop up platform for low level work near electrical hazards.\nA 5 way ladder and work platform that can be used as a traditional ladder as well as a step ladder and a work platform that can also be used on stairs.\nA lightweight and easy to assemble folding work platform with a 600m platform height.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Make your Christmas tree sparkle and shine with these unique, hand-painted glass mushroom ornaments! Perfect for adding a touch of whimsy and magic, each ornament is adorned with glitter, sequins, and beads that shimmer and glimmer in the light. Add a pop of originality to your holiday decor!\nHand-Painted Beaded Glass Mushroom Ornament\nPlant Health: At Paraíso we go above and beyond to ensure our plants are healthy and ready to thrive indoors. We spray every surface of each plant with organic cold-pressed Neem Oil. Neem is an organic horticultural oil that is a highly effective pest control and helps to ensure your plant's long-term health.\nWe strive for our plants to be the healthiest and most lush around because we care deeply about plant health.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Kick off this year's Super Bowl Sunday day with this delicious healthy Nacho snack, made with sweet potatoes as nacho chips. Garnish with fresh herbs and spices and you've got a guilt-free snack that will be a sure hit with friends. This awesome recipe is brought to you by Diet.com's very own wellness coach Matt Perkins.\nHealthy Super Bowl Nachos Recipe\nSweet Potato Chips with Lime zest\n2 medium tomatoes, diced and seeded\n2 tbsp fresh cilantro, chopped\n1-2 tbsp lime juice… fresh squeezed\n2 cups homemade guacamole\n1/2 tsp chili powder\nFor the sweet potato chips:\n3 large sweet potatoes\n3 tbsp melted coconut oil\n1 tsp salt\nFor the meat:\n1 medium yellow onion, finely diced\n1 tbsp coconut oil\n1 green chili, diced\n1 lb. ground beef\n2 cloves garlic, minced\n1 tsp smoked paprika\n1 tbsp tomato paste\n12 oz. canned diced tomatoes\n1 tsp salt\nWatch how the recipe is made.\n1. To make the sweet potato chips, preheat the oven to 375 degrees F. Peel the sweet potatoes and slice thinly. In a large bowl, toss them with coconut oil and salt. Place the chips in a single layer on a baking sheet. Bake in the oven for 10-12 minutes, then flip the chips over and bake for another 10-12 minutes. For the last ten minutes, watch the chips closely for extra browning.\n2. While the potato chips are baking, start preparing the beef. Melt the coconut oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the onion and chili to the pan and sauté for 3-4 minutes until softened. Add the ground beef and cook for 4-5 minutes, stirring regularly. Add garlic, diced tomatoes, tomato paste, salt, and paprika; stir well to combine. Bring the mixture to a simmer and then turn the heat down to medium-low. Cook, covered, for 20-25 minutes, stirring regularly.\n3. Stir the chopped tomatoes, freshly squeezed lime juice, and cilantro into the beef mixture. Adjust salt and pepper to taste. For extra lime zest, pull some lime pieces and mix in. Remove from heat.\nFor a healthy dip to go with this dish, check out Diet.com's\nGuacamole Dip recipe\nTo assemble the nachos, form a large circle with the sweet potato chips on a platter. Add the beef mixture into the middle of the circle, and then top with a sprinkle of chili powder and homemade guacamole.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you need a tasty dish for a Cinco de Mayo party, look no further than the papaya in your backyard or at the farmers market.\nPapayas grow well in Florida and a mature tree can yield many, many pounds of fruit, so it’s common for neighbors and co-workers to share them with the “papaya-less” crowd. Just this week, my new friend Sylvia* gave me one. She literally picked it off her tree and gave it to me — you can’t get any fresher than that!\nFresh Papaya with Lime\n- 1 Ripe papaya\n- 1-2 Fresh lime(s) (Florida Key limes would be ideal!)\n- 1/8 tsp. Chili powder (optional)\n- Cut papaya in half and remove seeds (see Notes).\n- Using a small paring knife or vegetable peeler, remove the papaya's skin.\n- Slice fruit or cut into chunks. Sprinkle generously with fresh lime juice, cover and refrigerate 30-60 minutes before serving. Just before serving, sprinkle lightly with chili powder (optional).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Get a nice spot in your garden or patio by decorating an. Patio furniture cushions ikea photo pixelmaricom.\nFurniture: ikea outdoor tables ikea outdoor tables and. Beautiful outdoor bistro set ikea homesfeed. Bistro set ikea, french bistro folding table and chairs. Ikea lawn furniture way to color outdoor living space. Folding acacia wood ikea bollo dining bistro table. Get a nice spot in your garden or patio by decorating an.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is not very authentic, but sure tastes good. Tomato, green bell pepper and bacon make this one flavorful side dish. Fast to make, too.\nServes 3 to 4\n-medium pot with lid\n2 c. cooked white long grain rice\n1/2 of a medium white onion\n1/2 of a large green bell pepper\n4 to 6 slices thick-cut bacon* ----> reserve 1 to 2 tbsp. bacon drippings\n3/4th of a can (14.5 oz) diced tomatoes* (not petite diced), undrained\nsalt and pepper, to taste\n*Oscar Mayer bacon is GF; DelMonte canned diced tomatoes are GF\n1. Cook up rice according to directions on the package; you will need 2 cups cooked rice for this dish. Set cooked rice aside near range.\n2. Veggies: Coarsely cut the onion into half inch squares. Also coarsely cut the green bell pepper into larger square pieces (inch). Place both onion and pepper pieces beside range.\n3. Rinse off the bacon slices. Lay bacon into the large saucepan. Begin cooking bacon over medium heat, flipping and re-arranging frequently. Fry bacon until fully cooked, but not totally crispy-- about 5 minutes. Remove bacon pieces from pan and place on doubled paper towels to soak up some grease. Pour out all excess drippings from the pan except for 1 to 2 tbsp. bacon fat.\n4. In the reserved bacon grease, saute up the onion and bell pepper over medium-high heat, until the onion is just translucent and pepper is tender (5 minutes).\n5. Turn the heat back down to medium. Stir in the bacon and cooked white rice. Heat thoroughly for another 2 minutes, stirring frequently to keep rice from sticking.\n6. Add in 3/4ths of the can of diced tomatoes, don't drain the can before adding to the saucepan... you want a little tomato juice. Mix the tomatoes in well with the bacon/rice.\n7. Turn down the heat to medium-low. Cook for an additional 3 to 5 minutes, or until the juice thickens, but before the tomatoes fall apart. Serve warm alongside your favorite Mexican dish.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Organic Brussels sprout tops\nOnce seen only as a grower’s perk, these greens wilt down beautifully in butter.\nOrganic Brussels sprout tops are the the crowns of loosely packed leaves that grow at the top of the Brussels sprout stalk. Once seen only as a grower’s perk, these winter greens wilt down beautifully in butter. When they’re in good condition, we think it would be criminal for them to go unused! Treat them as mini, open-hearted cabbages, shredding and sautéing, boiling or adding to stews.\nCountry of originGrown in\n- The UK\nHow to prepare\nRemove the stalk and use the leaves in any recipe that calls for cabbage, kale or sprouts. Try in a hearty bowl of Portuguese caldo verde in place of cabbage, wilted and stirred through mashed potato for a simple colcannon, or fried with bacon and chestnuts instead of regular sprouts.\nStore as you would kale or other greens. Keep in the fridge in a plastic bag. It’ll be good for 3-4 days.\nDon't miss these...\nBrussels sprout tops recipes\nVenison Cutlet and Root Veg Boulangère with Shredded Sprout Tops\nServes: 2 Total time: 1h 10 min\nRoasted brussels with sage and chestnut butter\nServes: 6 Total time: 40 min\nSprouts, red onion and blue cheese gratin\nServes: 4 Total time: 1h\nBrussels sprout, chorizo and potato hash\nServes: 4 Total time: 55 min\nSprout top and chorizo Caldo Verde\nServes: 4 Total time: 50 min\nShredded Brussels sprouts salad\nServes: 4 Total time: 20 min", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Blackwood Plant Hire\nBased in Stewarton near Kilmarnock, Blackwood Plant Hire are one of Scotland's leading plant hire companies. They run a transport fleet of around 15 vehicles some with BPH registrations, from top of the range Scania's pulling plant trailers to a fleet of sweepers as seen here. They are working on the £100m Carstairs Modernisation Project to improve reliability of the train service between Glasgow/Edinburgh and London.\nPictured on 18/03/2023 at Carstairs Junction.\nPhoto courtesy of and copyrighted to John Bennett.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dill and Pea Pulao- Flavorful and aromatic rice and dill pilaf\nDill rice is a a popular recipe of Persian cuisine they use dill and lima beans to make a fragrant pulao. Suwa is mainly used to make dips,stir fries,soups ,paratha and rice preparations.\nOnly the tender leaves of Shepu/suwa should be used and discard the leaves which are yellow and avoid using the thick steams as the hard and thick steams will ruin the taste. I have used only peas but you can also use mixed vegetable or make it just with dill and tomatoes.\nRice is consumed in all the states of Indian specially in the southern parts. Biryani and pilaf are made of different varieties. different types of vegetables, fruits and spices enhance the taste of pulao and biryani.\nDo check these delicious Pulao Recipes-\n- Chili and pineapple rice\n- Kiwi and coriander rice\n- Vegetable biryani pilaf\n- Kabuli Chana Pulao\n- Lemon Rice\n- Kathal Biryani\n★ Have you tried this recipe? Click on the stars ★ in the recipe card to let us know your feedback! If you tried it then You can also click the recipe pic and share on Instagram with hashtag #maayeka\nDill and Pea Pulao\n- 1 cup Rice\n- 2 bunch Dill/ Suwa 130 gm\n- 3/4 cup Peas/ Matar\n- 1 tsp Red Chili Powder\n- 1 tsp Coriander Powder\n- 3 cup Water\n- To Taste Water\n- 5 tbsp Cooking Oil\n- 1 tsp Cumin seeds/ Jeera\n- 3 Cloves/ Lavang\n- 3 Green Cardamom\n- 1 Black Cardamom\n- 2 Bayleaves/ Tejpatta\n- 1/2 inch Cinnamon/ Daalchini\n- Wash and soak rice for 20 minutes.Discard the hard steams and wash the dill leaves.\n- Now finely chop the dill leaves and tomatoes.\n- Heat oil in a heavy and broad pan.\n- Add all the tempering and let it crackle .\n- Now add chopped tomatoes and salt,cover and cook till tomatoes become soft.\n- Add dill leaves and all the spices and saute.\n- When oil start separating then add soaked rice and peas and stir for a minute\n- Now add water in the rice and let it come to a boil.\n- When it start boiling cover the pan and let it cook on slow flame till done.\n- When done fluff with a fork and serve hot.\n- Serving suggestions-best served with yogurt , raita and salad", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This Mexican-inspired Instant Pot corn soup is made with healthy ingredients, flavourful spices, lime and a little chipotle for a smoky, chilli kick. It’s gluten-free, vegan-friendly, and super quick and easy to make.\nThis delicious Instant Pot corn soup is adapted from a recipe by Yotam Ottolenghi. We added sweet potatoes for extra body, additional spices and pickled roasted peppers for a fun flavour boost.\nThis soup can be done with fresh or frozen corn and can be made ahead of time as it keeps well in the fridge and can be frozen. It’s gluten-free and vegetarian-friendly and can be made completely plant-based by using coconut yoghurt when serving.\nFor more Instant Pot corn recipes, check out our post on how to make pressure cooker corn on the cob with Cajun butter, Instant Pot yellow rice with peas and corn, or our chicken and corn soup with spinach.\nThis Mexican-inspired Instant Pot corn soup is made with healthy ingredients, flavourful spices, lime and a little chipotle for a smoky, chili kick. It’s gluten-free, vegan-friendly, and super quick and easy to make.\n2 tablespoons olive oil\n1 medium red or white onion, diced\n1/2 teaspoon salt\n2 corns on the cob, kernels shaved off with a knife (or 1 ½ cups of frozen corn kernels)\n1 large sweet potato, diced into small cubes\n2 medium carrots, diced into small cubes\n3 cloves garlic, diced\n3 peels of lime rind\n2 teaspoons cumin powder\n2 teaspoons coriander seeds (ground or whole crushed seeds)\n1 teaspoon chipotle chill flakes or 1 chipotle chilli, chopped up\n750 ml (3 x 250 ml cups) vegetable stock\nJuice of ½ lime\n¼ cup sliced red roasted peppers (pickled ones like these)\n¼ cup full-fat thick yoghurt or coconut yoghurt\n1/3 cup chopped cilantro/coriander leaves\nTo serve: extra cilantro, yoghurt and fried shallots.\nTurn the Instant Pot on and press the Sauté function key.\nAdd the olive oil, onions and salt to the pot and cook for 2-3 minutes, until softened slightly.\nAdd the rest of the ingredients, stir through and press Keep Warm/Cancel to stop the sautéing process.\nPlace and lock the lid, making sure the steam valve is pointing to Sealing. Set the Instant Pot to Manual, HIGH pressure and adjust the time to 6 minutes. After 3 beeps, the Instant Pot will start to build up the pressure and the cooking will commence (this should take 5-10 minutes).\nOnce the cooking time is up, release the pressure naturally for 5 minutes, then use the quick release method to let off the rest of the steam (point the steam valve to Venting carefully).\nOpen the lid and stir in the lime juice, yoghurt, roasted peppers and cilantro. Serve with extra cilantro, yoghurt and fried shallots on the side or in the bowls.\nKeywords: Mexican corn soup healthy spices lime chipotle smoky chilli gluten-free vegan quick easy", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Built for biking, made for styling. Quintessential 3-Stripes styling highlights the fitted fit of these adidas cycling-inspired shorts. Organic cotton gives the stretchy material a nice soft feel, perfect for when you're on the move. Our cotton products support sustainable cotton farming. This is part of our ambition to end plastic waste.\n- Fitted fit\n- Elastic waist\n- 93% cotton, 7% elastane single jersey\n- Machine wash\n|Country of Origin||Imported|\n|Fabric Content||93% cotton, 7% elastane single jersey|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Doha, September 21 (QNA) - Qatar Central Bank (QCB) announced today a decision to raise the QCB Deposit Rate (QCBDR) by 75 basis points to 3.75%.\nIn a statement on Wednesday, QCB also decided to raise the QCB Lending Rate (QCBLR) by 75 basis points to 4.50%.\nIn the same context, it was also decided to raise the QCB Repurchase Rate (QCB Repo Rate) by 75 basis points to 4.00%.\nQCB noted in the statement that the decision to raise the interest rates was taken based on the evolving domestic and international macroeconomic developments. The decision will go into effect as of tomorrow, Thursday. (QNA)\n21 September 2022\nQatar Central Bank Raises Interest Rates\nSorry, there are no search results", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Well, it’s a bit early, but the raccoons have been at my tree so I’ve had to start harvesting my apples and making my apple butter. A couple of friends have asked how I make my batches so this post will attempt to show you what I do. It’s not so much a recipe as a process.\nThe photos above show the initial pot of apples soaking to clean them off, my apple peeler (a must have), my cooking, straining and canning tools, the other ingredients, the finished product and the final picture is all that is left over when done.\nFirst off, I start with a batch of apples. How many depends on how many are on the ground and are ready to be picked from the tree. The first photo shows the apples. I clean them and then run them thru my apple corer/peeler.\nPeels and cores go into a pot with water and a little lemon, just to cover them. Apple slices go into another pot with water and lemon, again just to cover them. When all peeled and sliced, I add sugar, cinnamon and apple cider to the pot with the apple slices. I bring the pot to a boil and turn it down to a very slow simmer. The other pot is put on to boil as well.\nWhen the cores and peels are soft, I strain them through a fine sieve and add cider, sugar and cinnamon and start another apple butter batch from the apple sauce created from the scraps. I try not to waste any apple material if possible. You can see from the last photo that not much is left.\nAfter the apple butter has turned a nice dark brown, and has thickened, I add it to hot, cleaned jars. Cover the jars and process in a water bath, leaving boiling for 10 minutes. When you remove them from the water bath, make sure you hear the lids pop as they seal properly.\nI have never used an official recipe. The apples are sweeter some years and not others, so I add sugar based on taste. The same goes for cinnamon. For the large pot of apples you see here, I used about a half a gallon of apple cider for the total batch. There were about 30 apples.\nThat’s the process. If you don’t have an apple tree, you can use apple sauce as a subsitute. You won’t need to add as much sugar to the batch.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to Make It\nIn a medium saucepan, combine the cranberry beans with the chicken stock, slab bacon, onion, thyme sprigs and garlic. Partially cover and cook over moderate heat until the beans are tender, 20 to 30 minutes. Drain the beans, reserving 2 tablespoons of the stock. Pick out and discard the bacon, onion, thyme sprigs and garlic. Transfer the beans to a bowl set in a larger bowl of ice water and refrigerate until chilled, about 1 hour, or omit the ice water and refrigerate overnight.\nIn a large bowl, combine the oil, vinegar, mustard and the 2 tablespoons of reserved stock. Season with salt and pepper. Toss the pea shoots with a little of the dressing and transfer them to a platter. Add the beans to the remaining dressing and toss until coated. Spoon the beans onto the pea shoots and serve.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is better than cooking your own olive recipe smoked brown dessert apple while enjoying the breeze of fall? When fall is coming, it is time for apple picking. And what does it mean? Cooking various desserts made of apple of course. It would be nice to pick your own apple and cook your own desert for whole family. Apple gives you hundreds of inspiration of cooking. You can make so many dishes as long as you have apple; Apple pie, apple cake, apple cookie, anything that makes apple more and tastier. But wait, what did we have here?.\nWe specially present this apple and olive oil cake to enliven your fall. What makes it special? This olive recipe smoked brown dessert apple will be a nice dessert for entire family, especially right after you spend your family time with apple picking. Once you go home with a pile of fresh apple, it just gets better when you think you will prepare this apple cake at home. Apple cake is quite easy to cook and yummy to taste. Considering that you baking your own apple cake from your own fresh apple, this sweet dish is totally healthy, isn’t it?\nWhen you decided to cook this olive recipe smoked brown dessert apple, you need to prepare the ingredients like 1 tablespoon of unsalted butter, 3 apple, peeled and diced, a half cup of blond cane sugar and 2 tablespoons for the apples, 1 vanilla bean, 1 teaspoon chopped lemon thyme, 4 eggs, a pinch of salt, 80 ml of olive oil, 200g gluten free all-purpose flour and baking powder. This gluten free flour is a healthy substitution for rice flours and quinoa flour. When you have these ingredients, this is the time to cook apple and olive oil cake recipe.\nHeat the butter in a frying pan on medium heat and add the apples with 2 tablespoon sugar, vanilla seeds and cook until the apples come softer. Prepare the oven to 350 F and butter the mold. To make the apple and olive oil cake batter, mix flours baking powder, lemon thyme in a bowl. In the other bowl, beat eggs with sugar and a pinch of salt, olive oil and add the flours. Put the apples into the batter and transfer to the mold. Bake for 30-40 minutes. Your olive recipe smoked brown dessert apple is ready to serve.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Storage: Store dry celery stalks in the fridge in a bag that minimizes dehydration. For longest storage, trim leaves from stems and store separately. Leaves are a nice parsley substitute and should also be stored in a bag in the fridge.\nUses: Eat raw or add to cooked dishes in moderation. Celery has a stronger flavor than celeriac when cooked.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When Dr. Barbara Shirley, Principal of Alta Vista Elementary School (“AVES”), invited me to attend their “Graduation Walk” I did not know exactly what I was in store for but I knew that I would be there to support the students and faculty of this wonderful school in any way that I could. I was already a volunteer mentor there… Read More\nArchives for May 2018\nFor each of us to bring about a change in our world and have the most influence on the world around us, we need to be the people we want to see more of in the world. Can you do that? Think about it!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Experiment 2: Growing Large Crystals with Seed Crystals\nCrystals Experiments Index\n1. Simple Crystals on a String. 2. Growing Large Crystals with Seed Crystals. 3. Magic Salt Crystal Garden. 4. Evaporation from a String - Stalagmites and Stalactites. 5. Microcrystals Under the Microscope. 6. Supercooled Chemical Melt.\nWhat you need.\n- Chemicals for crystal growing. We have suggestions in our chemical chart.\n- Forceps (tweezers).\n- Eye protection.\n- Disposable gloves for handling crystals.\n- Filter funnels.\n- Filter paper.\n- Jars with lids.\n- Small glass or 50ml beaker.\n- Cotton thread.\n- Stirring rods.\n- Pot for heating water.\n- Heat source.\n- Pot holder.\n- Distilled water.\nWhat to do.\nAfter two days, gently pour about an ounce (30ml) of the solution into a small glass or 50ml beaker. Set aside undisturbed for another day. Check for tiny seed crystals forming on the bottom. When you find one that has reached the size of a rice grain, pluck it out with forceps, and place it on a paper towel to dry. Harvest as many well-formed individual seed crystals as possible before discarding the contents of the 50ml beaker.\nNow, return to the jar containing the prepared solution. To supersaturate this solution, place the jar in the double-boiler again and heat to 50°C (122°F) until the remaining grains of chemical disappear. Then, add a small amount of additional dry chemical and stir the solution. Remove the jar from the heat, cover, and allow to cool.\nCut a piece of thread that is one inch shorter than the height of the jar. Tie a seed crystal to one end of the thread. Using a nail and hammer, punch three holes through the lid forming a small triangle near the center. Loop the thread through the holes so the free end sticks out and allows you to adjust the string length inside the jar.\nScrew the lid back on the jar with the seed crystal suspended in the solution. In a few hours, a larger crystal will begin forming around the seed crystal. After a few days, you will have a good-sized specimen. Adjust the thread length so the growing crystal does not touch the inside of the jar.\nWhen you feel the crystal has grown enough, remove it from the jar and carefully dry it with a paper towel. Wrap the finished crystal crystal in a soft cloth or paper towel for protection.\nWhat can be learned.\nCrystals grow in a supersaturated solution by the orderly addition of material onto the faces of a \"seed\" crystal. Distinct crystal shapes can be grown using different chemical solutions. Large, well-formed crystals can be used to study the different crystal classes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Regarding \"Help make 'factory farms' humane\" (Jan. 24, Letters): The writer is well-intended but misinformed in her support of an initiative that would ban pork gestation and veal crates and certain cages for hens.\nThere is virtually no veal crating and relatively little pork gestation crating in California, which leaves only the hen cages in question. And there is no scientific proof that predominant hen cage practices are less humane than other methods.\nCalifornia's farmers work hard to provide proper care for their animals, using scientifically proven methods while keeping our food supply safe, reliable and affordable. Feed, light, air, water, space and sanitation are the basis of animal husbandry and more important than where the hen lives.\nEgg farmers employ sound practices to ensure the health and safety of the hens laying the eggs that feed California's families. Consumers can already buy cage-free, organic or free-range products, and as demand grows for these methods, egg farmers respond.\nFarm animal health and welfare policies should be guided by the scientists, veterinarians and farmers who care for those animals. The health and safety of these animals and our food supply should not be at the mercy of emotion-based but ill-conceived ballot initiatives.\nNANCY REIMERS, DVM, MSpVM\ndiplomate, American College\nof Poultry Veterinarians", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tuberose essential oil is extremely expensive, and is used in the most exquisite fine fragrances. This Moonlight Tuberose fragrance begins with top notes of white pear and green apple; followed by middle notes of tuberose, jasmine, lily of the valley, and ginger; sitting on base notes of violet, ylang ylang, peach, vanilla, and fresh woods.\nDid You Know? During Aztec times, the tuberose was considered to be a sacred flower of their goddess of art, love, and beauty. The tuberose was one of the earliest plants to be bred to the extent that they are hardly ever seen in the wild. Tuberose flowers bloom after dusk. This is when the flower is most fragrant. There are three varieties that fill the night air with an abundant, sweet perfume. They are the Mexican single, the dwarf, and the Pearl Excelsior. These three are commonly used in the making perfume.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Zamioculcas is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae, containing the single species Zamioculcas zamiifolia\nIt is a tropical perennial plant native to eastern Africa, from southern Kenya to northeastern South Africa. Common names include Zanzibar gem, ZZ plant, Zuzu plant, aroid palm, eternity plant and emerald palm. It is grown as an ornamental plant, mainly for its attractive glossy foliage and easy care.\nThe roots of the plant are rhizomes, which is the reason behind the plant being drought tolerant as the rhizomes store water in it that the plant can use later. Thus the plant should be watered only when it is dry to avoid overwatering. They require a good drainage system and can live in moderate to indirect sunlight. Insufficient sunlight can be indicated by leaf lengthening. It is a herbaceous perennial growing to 17.7–23.6 inches tall, from a stout underground, succulent rhizome. It is normally evergreen, but becomes deciduous during drought, surviving drought due to the large potato-like rhizome that stores water until rainfall resumes. The leaves are pinnate, 15.7–23.6 inches long, with 6–8 pairs of leaflets 2.8–5.9 inches long; they are smooth, shiny, and dark green. The stems of these pinnate leaves are thickened at the bottom.The flowers are produced in a small bright yellow to brown or bronze spadix 2.0–2.8 inches long, partly hidden among the leaf bases; flowering is from mid summer to early autumn.\nZamioculcas zamiifolia contains unusually high water contents of leaves (91%) and petioles (95%) and has an individual leaf longevity of at least six months, which may be the reason it can survive extremely well under interior low light levels for four months without water.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Unveiling the Magic of Nut Milk Bags\nNut milk bags are unique containers. They aid in nut milk production. These bags are made of a unique fabric. This fabric is really delicate. It removes every fragment from the milk. The milk gets really silky. It’s said to be the greatest method for making nut milk. Nut milk sacks come in quite useful. They are quite versatile. They work well for producing delicious milk.\nEver wonder how to create the creamiest, smoothest nut milk at home? Now for the nut milk bags. These unique bags may be used to create delectable beverages, much like magic wands. They transform gritty nut mixes into velvety, dreamy milk with their very fine fabric. Let’s get started and find out the mystery of the incredible nut milk bags.\nNow, let’s discuss nut milk bags. These incredible bags are culinary geniuses. They add to the greatest nut milk ever made. Nut milk bags are lined with a unique material. It’s just perfect. This towel smooths out the milk perfectly. It’s regarded as the best method for making nut milk by many. Nut milk pouches are awesome. They add flavor and pleasure to cooking.\nHow to Use a Nut Milk Bag\nA nut milk bag is simple to use. Start by blending your water-soaked nuts. After that, fill the bag with the mixture. After that, squeeze the bag to release the milk. Remember to be kind. Lastly, put your just prepared nut milk in the refrigerator. It is the greatest method for getting perfectly smooth milk free of lumps. If you only follow these easy procedures, you’ll have creamy nut milk in no time at all.\nA nut milk bag is simple to use. First, process your nuts in a smooth blender with water. Once the mixture is in the bag, place it over a bowl. After that, gently press the bag to get all of the milk. Lastly, transfer your just-made nut milk into a container for storage. It’s the greatest method for preparing incredibly smooth nut milk at home.\nTips for effective use of Nut Milk Bags\nHere are some easy strategies for utilizing nut milk bags to get the best nut milk. To release all of the delicious milk, first give the bag a little press. Next, try mixing with less water to get a thicker milk. Enjoy experimenting with various nuts to create delectable variants. Keep in mind that nut milk bags are quite useful, so be sure to thoroughly clean them after each usage. You’ll be creating the most delicious nut milk ever with these tricks.\nRecipes Using Nut Milk Bags\nAlmond milk recipe of Nut Milk Bags\nLet’s use nut milk bags to prepare almond milk. Soak almonds in water first. Next, mix them with additional water. Fill the nut milk bag with the mixture. Give it a firm squeeze. See as the bag captures every last particle of nut, leaving just creamy milk behind. It resembles a magic act. Finally, transfer your almond milk (homemade) to a container. You’ve never tasted milk so delicious and creamy. Almond milk is really simple and enjoyable to create at home using nut milk bags.\nCashew milk recipe of Nut Milk Bags\nLet’s use nut milk bags to produce the greatest cashew milk possible. Soak cashews in water first. After that, mix them smoothly with fresh water. Then transfer the blend into a nut milk bag. To extract all of the creamy milk, give it a firm squeeze. And that’s it! The creamiest cashew milk I’ve ever had is yours. It’s so delicious and simple that you’ll want to make it daily.\nCoconut milk recipe of Nut Milk Bags\nIt’s so much fun to make coconut milk with nut milk bags. You soak the shredded coconut in water first. After that, combine it until it becomes smooth. Fill the nut milk bag with the mixture after that. To get all the creamy richness, squeeze it firmly. The smoothest coconut milk you’ve ever had is what’s left! It tastes great and is ideal for cooking with or drinking. Making coconut milk is easy using nut milk bags.\nNut milk variations of Nut Milk Bags\nLet’s discuss the many types of nut milk that may be prepared using nut milk bags. Nuts of many kinds, including coconuts, cashews, and almonds, can be used. Every nut imparts a distinct taste to the milk. Cashew milk is rich and creamy, coconut milk is tropical and sweet, and almond milk is smooth and nutty. You may discover a world of delectable nut milk tastes with nut milk bags.\nMaintenance and Cleaning\nIt’s crucial to keep your nut milk bag clean. Once the milk is delicious, wash the bag with soapy water. To remove any last pieces, give it a little scrub. Let it dry completely after that. Place it on a hook or hang it in a bright area. Steer clear of hot water and harsh scrubbers. These could harm the bag. Your nut milk bag will remain fresh and prepared for more milky adventures with proper maintenance.\nIt’s crucial to keep your nut milk bag clean. Rinse it with warm water after use. Next, give it a gentle wash with a small amount of soap. Before storing it, make sure it is totally dry. Steer clear of strong chemicals and hot water. They could damage your bag of nut milk. It will survive for a very long time if you treat it gently! Recall that the greatest milk comes from a clean nut milk bag.\nAlternative Uses of Nut Milk Bags\nYou may not be aware that nut milk bags aren’t simply for making milk. These stylish bags do a lot of other functions as well. They can be used to strain juice. They remove every fragment, leaving only smooth juice in their wake. You may also use them to create cheese. Simply add the yogurt and let it to drain. It resembles magic. Not to mention, you can use them to prepare coffee or tea. The best kitchen aids are nut milk bags.\nNot only can you make milk with nut milk bags. They also have a ton of other amazing abilities. They may be used to produce delicious cheese. Simply fill the bag with yogurt and let it run out. It resembles magic! With these, you may filter your juice as well. They achieve a very smooth juice. And what do you know? They can even be used to make coffee or tea! The greatest for creating a variety of delicious snacks are nut milk bags.\nComparing Nut Milk Bags with Other Alternatives\nThe best method for straining your nut milk is to use nut milk bags. But how do they stack up against the alternatives? See you later! While cheesecloth works OK, nut milk bags work much better. Their milk is smoother because they collect more particles. Strainers are also useful, but nut milk bags come out on top. Their milk is the smoothest I’ve ever had. Nut milk bags are therefore the greatest option if you want the finest milk.\nNut milk bags vs. cheesecloth\nTwo tools are cheesecloth and nut milk bags. They facilitate seamless operations. Which is superior, though? The winners are nut milk bags! Their clothing is more exquisite. The milk is smoother with this towel. Cheesecloth works well as well. However, it’s not as superior to nut milk bags. Cleaning nut milk bags is simpler. They work well for creating delicious cocktails. Thus, go for nut milk bags if you want the greatest.\nNut milk bags vs. strainers\nStrainers and nut milk bags are useful equipment for creating creamy beverages. Peanut butter pouches resemble superheroes. Their mesh is really fine. Everything is eliminated by this mesh. Strainers are useful for beverages as well. Their mesh, but, isn’t as smooth. Smooth beverages are great with nut milk bags. Bits may be left behind by strainers. Thus, nut milk bags are the true winners when it comes to smooth, silky outcomes.\nSustainability and Eco-Friendliness\nBeing environmentally conscious and sustainable means taking care of our earth. Things may continue without running out when they are sustainable. Nut milk bags are very beneficial to the environment. In the kitchen, they resemble tiny superheroes. They produce very little garbage since you may reuse them repeatedly. That’s quite amazing, isn’t it? Thus, by using nut milk bags, we contribute to the health and happiness of the planet.\nIt is imperative that we take care of our world. Being nice to the environment and sustainable means being eco-friendly. Things may continue without running out when they are sustainable. For this, nut milk packets are fantastic. They resemble superheroes from Earth. You may reuse these bags over and over. That translates to a happy world and less trash. Therefore, adopting sustainable items like nut milk bags is the way to go if you want to contribute to the health of our planet.\nBuying Guide: Factors to Consider\nMaterial quality of Nut Milk Bags\nThe nut milk bags’ material quality is crucial. These bags must be robust. They ought to be durable. Good materials are used to make the greatest bags. It is okay to use these items on food. They are not readily broken. Cotton and nylon are two excellent fabrics. The greatest nut milk bags are made by them. They preserve the creamy, silky milk. Thus, always go for a nut milk bag made of the highest-quality material.\nSize and shape of Nut Milk Bags\nNut milk bags are available in various forms and sizes. While some are modest, others are large. Both square and circular ones are available. Smaller bags are simpler to handle, while larger ones can store more milk. While square bags could be easier to store, round bags might fit better in some containers. Every form and size offers benefits of its own. Which one, then, would you use to make your delectable nut milk?\nPrice range of Nut Milk Bags\nThe cost of nut milk bags varies. Some things are costly, while others are not. Cheap and expensive bags are also available. Factors such as material and quality affect pricing. You may have to spend more for a truly nice bag. But fear not—affordable choices are also accessible. Simply search for one that meets your budget.\nCommon Mistakes When Using Nut Milk Bags\nSome users make blunders when utilizing nut milk bags. These errors may cause the milk to lose its quality. Putting too many items in the luggage is one major error. This makes squeezing it difficult. Not pressing down hard enough is another error. Squeezing smooths out the milk. People need to exercise caution to avoid making these errors. They can then produce the greatest nut milk ever.\nOverfilling of Nut Milk Bags\nOverfilling nut milk bags can occasionally be a major issue. If you overfill them, they may not function properly. It’s possible the milk won’t be smooth. It may instead be lumpy. It’s not very appetizing at all! It’s preferable to add the ideal quantity. The creamiest, finest milk is then yours. So keep in mind not to load your nut milk bags to the brim.\nNot squeezing properly of Nut Milk Bags\nSometimes, we overlook the crucial step of squeezing while making nut milk! Not all of the delicious milk will come out of the nut milk bag if it is not squeezed tightly enough. This implies that some of the milk remains sealed within the bag, depriving us of its pleasure. Thus, be careful to fully squeeze the nut milk bag. Squeeze it hard enough to extract every last bit of creamy delight.\nHow long do nut milk bags last?\nNut milk bags are quite durable. They are robust for a variety of purposes. They may last a very long period in your kitchen if you wash them carefully.\nCan I use nut milk bags for hot liquids?\nNut milk bags are suitable for use with hot liquids, yes! Nut milk sacks are robust. They’re able to withstand high temperatures. Nut milk packets let you easily enjoy warm, comforting beverages.\nAre nut milk bags dishwasher safe?\nNut milk packets are safe to put in the dishwasher. They’re OK to be put in the dishwasher. This makes cleaning them simple.\nCan I use nut milk bags for making yogurt?\nYes, you can make yogurt in nut milk bags. Just pass the yogurt through the bag to get rid of extra liquid.\nCan nut milk bags be used for juicing?\nNut milk bags can indeed filter juice. They aid in the ultra-smoothness of juice. Simply pour juice into the bag. All of the pulp is caught.\nTo sum up, nut milk bags are genuinely amazing devices that transform the process of preparing nut milk at home. Their special cloth is expertly woven to catch even the smallest pieces, guaranteeing that the finished milk is remarkably creamy and smooth. These multipurpose bags are excellent at making tasty nut milk, but they may also be used for a variety of culinary tasks, enhancing the taste and enjoyment of cooking. Anyone can effortlessly make the creamiest and most delicious nut milk in their own kitchen by using the magic of nut milk bags.\nFurthermore, nut milk bags’ sustainability and environmental friendliness promote a healthier earth. Nut milk bags are eco-friendly since they reduce waste and provide the practicality of reused kitchenware. Additionally, users may optimize the effectiveness and caliber of their nut milk production by being aware of typical errors like overfilling and using the incorrect squeezing method. Nut milk bags may last a long time with the right maintenance, giving you plenty of chances to savor the delicious taste of handmade nut milk.\nRecent Article: Green Bag: Your Eco-Friendly Companion\nRecent Article: Electronic Fashion: Blending Technology and Style\nRecent Article: Pearl Bags: Elevating Elegance with Timeless Glamour\nRecent Article: The Ultimate Guide to Leather Laptop Bags", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have to share this yummy recipe with you. On Christmas Eve it's tradition to get Chinese Food for dinner. It started when I was little & one year my mom and dad had been busy working all day and she didn't have time to make a nice dinner so we got take out. Us kids liked it so much that it just kinda stuck. Every year my mom tries to talk us out of it but we all love it.\n16 Boston, bib lettuce\n1 lb. ground chicken breast\n1 lg onion, chopped\n2 T. garlic, minced\n1 T. reduced-sodium soy sauce\n1/4 c. hoisin sauce\n2 tsp. fresh ginger, minced\n1 T. rice wine vinegar or red wine vinegar\n2 T. Asian chili pepper sauce\n1 (8 oz) can sliced water chestnuts, drained, finely chopped\n1 bunch of green onions, thinly sliced\n2 tsp. Asian sesame oil\nRinse lettuce leaves, keeping them whole. Set aside to drain. Cook chicken in a large skillet or wok over medium heat stirring often to break up the meat. Add onion, garlic, soy sauce, hoisin sauce, ginger, vinegar, and chili sauce. Cook until meat is crumbled and brown. dd water chestnuts and green onions. Cook until onions begin to wilt, about 2 minutes. Stir in sesame oil. Arrange lettuce leaves on the outer edge of platter. Spoon meat mixture in center. Allow diners to spoon meat mixture into lettuce leaves and eat like a taco. Asian chili pepper sauce can be found in the Asian section of most supermarkets. You can use 1/8 tsp. cayenne pepper or 1/2 tsp. dried red chili flakes instead.\nRecipe by Terry Pogue in the Lewistion City Cookbook.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Homemade Fruit Chews; only fresh fruit juice and unflavored gelatin.\nProbiotic Raspberry Fruit Chews #Probiotic #FruitChews\nHomemade Lego Fruit Chews\nSun-Kissed Fruit Chews Recipe. Homemade fruit chews! 100% fruit. http://www.superhealthykids.com/sun-kissed-fruit-chews-100-fruit/\nLemon Chews - (c) 2015 Elizabeth LaBau\nHalf Penny. I remember these\nSour Apple Fruit Chews\nWith the unofficial end of Summer just a few days away, I thought I would start the transition to Fall gently. With candy. Apple flavored ...\nProbiotic Raspberry Fruit Chews — Improved Aging", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|MadSci Network: Botany\nYou certainly have an interesting observation. I assume that the 150 degree F temperature has no effect on the dye itself. You could confirm that by allowing the dye solution to cool and then see of it colors the flowers as well as the 80 degree F dye solution that was never heated. One possibility is that cells at the base of the stem are being damaged by the heat and water is not moving up the stem to the flower. It seems likely the hot water would cool before it gets to the flowers. Do the flowers in hot water wilt after the treatment? If so, that would indicate the stem base was being damaged by heat. If you later place previously heat-treated flowers in room temperature dye, does the dye then color the flowers? If not, then that would also confirm heat damage to the stem. Another effect that may be involved is that air solubility in water decreases as the temperature increases. This could possibly result in air bubbles forming in the flower stem xylem and cause an air blockage to water flow. This is termed an air embolism. Cut flower stems are recut under water in order to remove any air embolisms. Another possibility is that the hot dye is being bound or inactivated as it passes through the flower stalk, possibly by heat-damaged cells or substances that leak out of them. Do you get the same results with all dye colors? Have you tried splitting the base of a flower stem and placing half the split stem in one temperature dye and the other half in the other temperature dye? Technically, you are not dealing with capillary action. Capillary action is not really responsible for upward movement of water in intact plants or food coloring in cut stems of living plants. Capillary action occurs in initially empty, small diameter tubes with both ends open. The empty tube is stood upright with the bottom end just under the surface of water, and water moves up the empty tube. The smaller the tube diameter, the higher the water rises. Unless you cut both the top and bottom of the stem and the plant xylem is empty of water to begin with, in which case the plant would most likely be dead, then it does not meet the conditions for capillary action. What occurs in water and dye uptake by cut flowers is mainly water flow in response to a water potential gradient from vase to stem to flower. Dye is mainly carried along with the water, although there may also be some diffusion of dye. Water moves from higher to lower (more negative) water potential. It is recommended to slightly wilt the cut flowers prior to dye application in order to speed water uptake by the flower. Reference Postharvest of Cut Flowers\nTry the links in the MadSci Library for more information on Botany.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Generally, there are a thousand varieties of the thermometer are out there. But, most of that provide outdoor temperature only. Are you looking the best outdoor thermometer with humidity sensor? If so, then this AcuRite 00611A3 Wireless Indoor/Outdoor Thermometer and Humidity Sensor are one and only best product for you.\nYes, this AcuRite 00611A3 provides the outdoor, indoor temperature and humidity percentages. Mostly, we all give our first preference to the price of this thermometer. Similarly, when it comes to the price of this model comes with the satisfaction price.\nDisplay all data:\nThe display of this thermometer is large as well as it allows you to read the temperature easily as well as quickly. In the display of this device, the temperature arrow will shows nearby the digits. With the help of arrow, you can easily know whether the temperature of the indoor or outdoor as hot or cold.\nFurthermore, this thermometer has the separate row to display the indoor and outdoor temperature. So, you can easily know the temperature without getting any confusion.\nMoreover, the display can able to shows the temperature in both of the Celsius and Fahrenheit.\nWithout any doubt, this thermometer provides the accurate indoor/outdoor temperature and humidity readings. So, you can easily know about whether the bacteria, viruses, fungi are available in your indoor rooms or not.\nFurthermore, it allows you to mount it on the table simply without facing any risks. Not only that but also you can use it at anywhere you want.\nIt helps to stay away from the skin allergens.\nUpdating temperature is very slow.\nTo sum up, if you buy this thermometer, then you can enjoy the accurate readings with 1 years of the limited warranty.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Salsa Verde Chicken\nTender and flavorful shredded chicken, slowly cooked in a vibrant salsa verde. We love this on taco salads, in tacos, or as an enchilada filling. Make a simple meal by layering it on rice or cauliflower rice with your favorite salsa!\nServings: 8 servings\n- 1 tablespoon avocado oil or olive oil\n- 2 pounds chicken breasts boneless, or boneless chicken thighs\n- sea salt to taste\n- black pepper to taste\n- 1 1/2 cups salsa verde\nHeat a skillet over medium high heat, and drizzle in avocado oil.\nAdd boneless chicken thighs or chicken breasts, and brown each side for about 4 minutes. Don't cook chicken throughout.\nPlace the browned chicken into a crockpot, and cover with salsa verde. Slow cook on low for 3 hours, or on high for 1 hour and 45 minutes.\nWhen done, remove the chicken, and shred it. Drizzle in the sauce and mix it into the chicken.\nHOW TO STORE LEFTOVER SALSA VERDE CHICKEN\nSalsa verde chicken is great for meal prep. The slow cooking method and the flavorful sauce keeps the chicken moist for days. Store it in an air tight container in the refrigerator for up to 4 days. Reheat the chicken by adding it to a skillet and stir frying it for about 5-7 minutes over medium high heat until hot.\nCAN I FREEZE SALSA VERDE CHICKEN?\nYes! I love this recipe for ready-to-go protein in the freezer. Add salsa verde chicken to a freezer safe container and freeze up to 3 months. Allow to thaw overnight in the fridge, or on the counter for several hours, before reheating. I like to freeze it in individual portions to make lunch time easy.\nCAN I MAKE SALSA VERDE CHICKEN IN A PRESSURE COOKER?\nYes! Heat an Instant Pot on the saute setting, and then add the avocado oil. Add chicken, and brown each side for about 4-5 minutes, seasoning the chicken with salt and pepper. Once the chicken has browned, add the salsa verde, and turn off the Instant Pot. Set the Instant Pot to Manual for 10 minutes, and then seal the pot. Once it has finished cooking, release the steam, and shred the chicken. If desired, turn the pot back onto saute, and simmer the sauce to allow it to thicken more before mixing it in to the shredded chicken.\nCAN I BAKE SALSA VERDE CHICKEN?\nAbsolutely! I use my dutch oven to bake meat dishes often. Similar to the method I use to make Beef Birria, use a dutch oven to brown the chicken. Once it has browned, remove the dutch oven from heat, and add the salsa verde. Cover the dutch oven with a lid, and bake it at 325º F for 2 hours. Shed the chicken, and mix the salsa verde into the shredded chicken to serve.\nWHAT TO SERVE WITH SALSA VERDE CHICKEN\n- Salsa Verde Chicken Bowls: Layer brown or white rice, or use cauliflower rice for a low carb version, along with salsa verde chicken, avocado slices, black beans, sweet corn, and a pico de gallo style salsa.\n- Salsa Verde Tacos: Toast corn tortillas, and fill them with shredded chicken, shredded cabbage (or this delicious Mexican Cabbage Salsa!), sour cream, cheese, and avocado slices.\n- Green Chicken Enchiladas: Use salsa verde chicken as the filling for enchiladas. Use corn tortillas, stuffed with salsa verde chicken and white cheddar cheese. I actually love to use a traditional red enchilada sauce, even with this chicken!\nCalories: 165kcal | Carbohydrates: 3g | Protein: 24g | Fat: 5g | Saturated Fat: 1g | Polyunsaturated Fat: 1g | Monounsaturated Fat: 2g | Trans Fat: 0.01g | Cholesterol: 73mg | Sodium: 436mg | Potassium: 506mg | Sugar: 3g | Vitamin A: 299IU | Vitamin C: 3mg | Calcium: 6mg | Iron: 0.4mg", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You're in the right place!\nSIGN UP NOW FOR PACIFIC HORTICULTURE’S NEWSLETTER TO START YOUR FREE 3-MONTH TRIAL ACCESS\nWe’ll follow up by email and give you access to these great stories and more.\nVoices of the West: New Science on Lift in the Garden\nVoices of the West; New Science on Life in the Garden, a consequential article series by Frederique Lavoipierre (author of Garden Allies).\nIf you are familiar with the work of entomologist Dr. Doug Tallamy, His best-seller, Nature’s Best Hope: A New Approach to Conservation That Starts in Your Yard, makes a powerful argument for encouraging insects that feed on native plants in our gardens.\nHave you ever wondered who speaks to these powerful food-web garden relationships here in the West? There is a cadre of rising scientists you will soon get to know.\nThe Potrero Hill Eco-Patch\nThe Potrero Hill Eco-Patch by Field Collective (Alex Harker and Nikki Copley)\nNative, biodiverse, and ecologically functional planting creates a foundation for resilient ecologies in the face of anthropogenic mass extinction. Yet we cannot rely on conservation land alone to perform this role. We need to look to our cities, suburban areas, gardens, parks, and leftover spaces to fill the void. Recognizing this, the need for functional planting in urban landscapes is steadily growing, both in high visibility spaces like roof gardens and parks, and in the underutilized fragments of urban land such as utility easements (Rainer and West 2016). Home gardens are also becoming biodiversity hotspots as residents become more attuned to their potential role as land stewards.\nThe opportunity for us to advance our work with native planting began when we volunteered our services…A group of Potrero Hill neighbors—consisting of folks from the Dogpatch and Northeast Potrero Green Benefit District (GBD) and from the California Native Plant Society Yerba Buena Chapter—had discussed building a San Francisco native plant demonstration garden for their neighborhood. In early April 2020, we led the design and volunteer-coordination process of the Potrero Hill Eco-Patch, taking the first step in our vision to rewild the urban landscape of California.\nClimate-Ready Detectives Select Plants for the Future\nClimate-Ready Detectives Select Plants for the Future by Erica Browne Grivas\nAmid the tumult of rapidly shifting climate conditions, gardeners at every level are asking, “What can I plant now?” From drought to wildfires, floods, and frosts—weather events throughout the Pacific region are increasing in severity, frequency, and unpredictability, creating vivid ripple effects for our plants.\nHere public garden curators, nursery professionals, extension agents, and designers from the Pacific region share their perspectives.\nUnderstanding the microclimates of your garden makes all the difference to the success of your plantings, from temperature, rainfall, and soil properties. High elevations tend to have better drainage in the soil, but also experience higher winds. On the other hand, the base of a hill can form a frost pocket, where both the cold air and the rain linger in plantings. House or retaining walls can help trap sun and warm air, helping the soil warm (and dry out) faster.\nMultidisciplinary Approaches to Resilient Landscapes Series\nGarden Surrealism: Color, Contrast, and Structure for a Postmodern World with Kurt Wilkinson\nKurt Wilkinson, a professional gardener and topiarist in Adelaide, South Australia has gained notoriety for constructing diverse plant mosaics he describes as “garden surrealism for a postmodern gardening world.” With a background in self-taught formal gardening techniques, Wilkinson creates striking gardens of tough and resilient climate selections integrated with highly controlled elements (enter his topiary background).\nDesigning for Year Round Interest in a Mediterranean Climate Garden with Imogen Checketts and Kate Dumbleton\nImogen Checketts and Kate Dumbleton run a planting design business near Carcassonne in South-West France where they also have a small nursery of plants grown from their demonstration garden.\nIn this webinar, they will present a palette of plants for year-round interest that have thrived in their dry summer climate garden. There will be an emphasis on how they use colour, light, movement and structure to create gardens that are easy to maintain and require little or no watering in the medium- and long-term.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hahaha!! That was fun! For those who needed to use the restroom at half time, I was on the turf taking shots against Jaxon. Three of us were seeing who could score on him, the most shots scored won. The first guy missed all 3, I was second and scored 1 and the last guy missed all 3. WHOOOT! I won one each of the jerseys, 1 white, 1 black and 1 plaid. I also got a signed plaid Eliuk shirt. After the game I took the white one onto the field and had the entire team sign it. Best Jax night ever!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The course will cover the topics related to antimicrobial resistance with basic definitions and overview on antimicrobials their use and the emergence and spread of resistance. The course will guide you through the concepts and the importance of resistance spread and dissemination and how that happens. It will show you how bacteria become resistant and which mechanisms they might use for this. And as part of the course you will also receive some training in methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and detection of specific resistance in the microbiological laboratories with the basic methods available and with focus on the obtention of good quality results which can be interpreted and used for different purposes.\nAntimicrobial resistance - theory and methodsTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)\nAbout this Course\nSkills you will gain\nTechnical University of Denmark (DTU)\nDTU focuses on research in technical and natural sciences that contributes to the development of society. As an industrially orientated university, our goal is to supply high-level international research based on combining theory with constructing models and empirical methods.\n- 5 stars73.20%\n- 4 stars22.20%\n- 3 stars3.90%\n- 2 stars0.34%\n- 1 star0.34%\nTOP REVIEWS FROM ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE - THEORY AND METHODS\nAn informative course especially for identifying drug-resistant strains such as MRSA, ESBLs, et. Also the criteria for avoiding false positives or negatives have been emphasized very clearly.\nIt was really a good lectures and please I want to know about my certificate in have already purchased this course and submitted all\nThe documents let me know when will I get my certificate .\nit was very informative course on antimicrobial resistance and helped a lot in learning about the resistance gained by microbials and how it can affect in long terms.\nI wish to thank all the Professors and happy i took the course.Well taught.Easy explanation and made easy. New things learnt. Hope more will be conducted with the latest .\nFrequently Asked Questions\nWhen will I have access to the lectures and assignments?\nWhat will I get if I purchase the Certificate?\nIs financial aid available?\nMore questions? Visit the Learner Help Center.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "At NYC's Giovanni Rana Pastificio & Cucina, located inside Chelsea Market, chef Francesco Berardinelli serves a selection of brunch items that range from savory to sweet and conventional to more authentic Italian. This recipe hinges on the savory side of the palate. It is a rich mix of fresh vegetables, eggs and cheeses; the perfect way to start your morning.\n- 2 Eggs\n- 4 tablespoon heavy cream\n- 1 1/2 tablespoon Parmigiano Reggiano cheese\n- Salt (to taste)\n- Pepper (to taste)\n- 1 tablespoon celery (medium dice)\n- 1 tablespoon yellow beets (medium dice)\n- 1 tablespoon red onions (julienne)\n- 1 tablespoon potato (medium dice)\n- 1 tablespoon mozzarella cheese (medium dice)\n- In a sauté pan, roast the vegetables with some olive oil, salt and pepper.\n- In a bowl, mix the eggs, the heavy cream and the Parmigiano Reggiano cheese.\n- Add some salt.\n- Add the roasted vegetables and mozzarella cheese into egg mix.\n- Place in a cast iron skillet that has been previously sprayed with pam.\n- Cook in the oven at 320 degrees for 8 minutes.\n- Serve with a mesclun salad on top.\n- Drizzle with aged balsamic.\nAbout Chef Francesco Berardinelli\nA native of Verbania, Italy, Francesco Berardinelli serves as the Executive Chef of Giovanni Rana Pastificio & Cucina. After opening his first restaurant--Osteria Di Rendola--in 1994, chef Berardinelli opened a second restaurant—Beccofino--in 1998, receiving critical acclaim both domestically and internationally. Since 2004, he has traveled the world as a consultant and culinary teacher, helping to open restaurants, design menus, and train staff in Hong Kong, China, Japan, Dubai, Singapore, Italy and the U.S", "label": "No"}
{"text": "• 1×15 oz. (400g) can black beans, keep the water for the can\n• 1 garlic clove, minced\n• 2 tbsp. olive oil\n• 2 tbsp. tahini\n• 2 tbsp. lime juice, or more\n• 1/2 tsp cumin.\n1/2 tsp salt.\n• 1/4 tsp. cayenne pepper\nPrep: 5 mins\nCook: 0 mins\nIn a food processor, blend 1/4 cup of water from the can of black beans with garlic, olive oil, tahini, lime juice, and spices, until smooth.\nAdd the black beans and blend for another 1-2 minutes, until creamy and smooth.\nServe as a dip with fresh vegetables or crackers.\nStore in a sealed container in the fridge for up to 1 week.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "For a friend’s birthday dinner last week, I was asked to bring bruschetta–simple and easy. But I wanted spectacular, so I used heirloom tomatoes.\nHeirloom Tomato Bruschetta\nFrench bread baguette\n4-5 ripe heirloom tomatoes\nOne red onion\n2-3 garlic cloves\nHandful of basil leaves\nFresh lemon juice\nSalt and pepper\nOther fresh herbs optional (I use lemon verbena)\nChop tomatoes, separating the tomato chunks from the seeds (most of the seeds, anyway).\nChop red onion.\nToss tomatoes, onion, basil in bowl and dress with olive oil and lemon juice (2 parts olive oil to one part lemon juice). Add sea salt and fresh black pepper. Chill 15 minutes or more.\nDrizzle slices of a baguette with olive oil and grill or toast. While still warm, rub toast pieces with halved garlic cloves.\nTop toast pieces with the tomato mixture before serving. Top with extra pieces of basil (and lemon verbena).\nOne Reply to “Staple: Heirloom Tomato Bruschetta”\nThanks! Looks great and I might try it.\nComments are closed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BLAIRDAFF and Chapel of Garioch Church’s popular annual Plant Sale and Coffee Morning fund raiser takes place from 10am till noon on Saturday, June 9 in Chapel of Garioch village hall. The entry (which includes tea, coffee and homebakes) is £2.\nThe plant sale and coffee morning has become established as a popular regular event for local gardeners looking for bargains in the early summer and for those just wanting to linger over a cup of coffee and excellent homebakes. The large range of sensibly priced plants including bedding plants, perennials, annuals, shrubs, vegetables and indoor plants means that everyone can find something for their home or garden. Add stalls for garden tools and equipment, gardening books, fresh produce, cakes and preserves and a raffle mean there is plenty to see and do.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the developing countries like Ethiopia most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment. Millions continue to live far below the minimum levels required for a decent human existence, deprived of adequate food and clothing, shelter and education, health direct their efforts to development, bearing in mind their priorities and the need to safeguard and improve the environment. For the same purpose, the industrialized countries should make efforts to reduce the gap themselves and the developing countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological development (Yared, 2017:17).\nThis paper calculates the existing system reliability index and typical daily optimal load distribution, studies the optimization problem of the generator unit’s investment plan in the next ten years, and uses the minimum cost of the investment plan to establish a multi-objective planning model. Combined with the artificial bee colony algorithm. It also discusses the impact of a large number of renewable energy power generation access power systems on traditional power system planning, and proposes an experimental model to solve this problem. Based on the system enumeration method of fault enumeration, enumerate all possible states of the system at each moment, consider the total cost of the system, increase the load demand constraint on the basis, and obtain the probability of occurrence of low-order faults. LOLP, EENS and power outage fees. After the above analysis, after the fault order reaches 5th order, the LOLP of the system is negligible, so the power loss cost is considered to be 4th order. Using the minimum total cost as the objective function, the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to find the optimal solution. The uncertainty of the output of renewable energy in the power system greatly increases the risk of operation scheduling, does not guarantee the quality of power, and is currently economically poor. In view of the difficulties caused by the system components in solving nonlinear constrained power supply planning, an experimental model is also established.\nThe present study was carried out to determine various physico-chemical parameters and water quality index of the Patancheru in Medak District of Telangana state to examine the quality of water for public consumption, recreation and other purposes. This study deals with the influence of environmental factors as well as domestic activities in the water quality in the related area.\nDPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Twenty two Medicinal Species From South Algeria (Laghouat region)\nFree radicals scavenging Activity, total phenolic and flavonoids contents of Twenty two ethanolic extracts, from the botanical families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Ericaceae and Rhamnaceae, collected from the Laghouat region (Algeria Sahara) were investigated. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts, while the Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content and flavonoids using AlCl3 method . The antioxidant capacity expressed as IC50 values ranged from 20 µg/ml for O. basilicum to 650 ± 8.60 µg/ml for A. iva. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.72 to 87.11 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 1.48 to 12.59 mg/g, expressed as rutin equivalents. The results of this study showed that there is no significant correlation between antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the studied plant materials and phenolic content could not be a good indicator of antioxidant capacity.\nINFLUENCE OF CASSAVA MILL EFFLUENT ON THE GROWTH RATE OF TWO SELECTED ARABLE CROP SPECIES (Zea Mays And Vigna Unguiculata L.)\nHydrogen cyanide is the dominant element in cassava mill effluent with several toxicological implications. Physiochemical analysis was carried out on the soil samples gotten from three different cassava tuber processing mills located at Amaoba, Umuarigha I, and Umuarigha II in Ikwuano Local Government area of Abia state. The parameters investigated were pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, organic carbon, organic matter; others were the sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium contents. All the afore-mentioned parameters were also analyzed for control sample. The result showed that there was an increase in soil pH, nitrogen and magnesium content of the cassava mill soils. The effect on plant growth rate was studied using maize and cowpea as test crops. The number of leaves, stem girth and length was recorded for a period of eight (8) weeks. The result after eight (8) weeks showed that the growth rate of seedlings on the soil of the three different cassava mills was rapid more than that of the control. This research shows that the cyanide content of the cassava mill effluent had a stimulatory effect on the parameters measured and could serve as an efficient source of nutrient to the soil and thus to crops, making it an alternative to mineral fertilisers.\nVermicomposting of different proportion of floral waste (FW)-cattle dung (CD) mixtures were carried out under aerobic condition in a plastic bins to find the rate of depletion of biomass. The initial substrate depth of five different compositions viz. 100% FW, 75% FW, 50% FW, 25% FW and 100% CD were 25cm, 16 cm, 13 cm, 11 cm and 8 cm respectively. The rate of biomass reduction was high in 100% FW which was decreased with increasing the quantity of cattle dung. The time for substrate stabilization during vermicomposting was also found to be lesser in summer as compared to rainy season. The substrate depth variation with respect to time followed a declined curve.\nAgro-homeopathy, which allows to influence biological processes of plants by either accelerating or delaying growth. Moreover, it can contribute to the control of plagues and diseases, directly promoting an increase of the yield and an improvement of product qualitative traits\nUrban, industrial, biomass and biomedical wastes are being generated in huge quantities world over causing significant environmental problems including human health. Such generation of waste is on increasing trend with the increase in population along with corresponding increase in industrialization and urbanization. In order to address such an alarming issue of such waste, it has become essential to effectively manage such wastes including transforming this waste into usable product through technological development and innovation techniques which would not only take care of environmental problems but also act as economic tools to manage wastes. An effort has therefore been made by the authors of the present paper to discuss and explain the total population of class- 1 towns in India, the total anticipated quantity of waste generated and the predicted energy generation including financial feasibility along with various technological options available to transform such wastes into energy, fuel pallets, compost, and methane gas etc.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Crochet 4 chain stitch, then 1 treble stitch--that is, wind the cotton round the needle, insert the needle downwards into the left side of the 1st of the 4 chain stitches, wind the cotton round the needle, draw it through the stitch, wind the cotton again round the needle, and at the same time draw the cotton through the last loop and through the stitch formed by winding the cotton round the needle. Wind the cotton once more round the needle, and draw it through the 2 remaining loops on the needle. The 4 chain stitches form a kind of scallop or purl. Repeat from *. The following crochet stitches require foundation chains like Nos. 216 and 217; they are all worked in separate rows excepting the two Nos. 222 and 234. Make a loop at the beginning of every row, as has been described (No. 216), and take it on the needle.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grasses can be particularly hard to photograph on drab days. They are difficult at all times because they blend into gardens and have no strong color. When flowering, and with good backlight, they can be made to harvest the light and glow in a photograph, but often they just disappear.\nSearching for grasses in East Coast meadows, I visited to the native flora section of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. July is a little early for most of the summer grasses but Timothy (Phleum pratense) is a cool season grass and was in full flower. Even though it is not a native grass, it naturalizes well and the wonderful cat tail like flowering culms are quite showy for a garden meadow.\nThe light was flat and overcast which is often great for garden photos, but to make the grass stand out I needed to find a way to create some contrast. In this case I used the bright yellow flowers of the Licorice Goldenrod (Solidago odora) as a backdrop.\nOn a bright sunny day this would not work at all, the yellow would be much too bright, but on this day it was an opportunity to make the Timothy stand tall and be noticed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "lilies of the valley\nlily of the valley\nGoogle Image Result for http://hedgerowrose.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/lily-of-the-valley-bouquet-in-teacup.png\nLily of the Valley - my favorite flower. I have some wonderful memories with my beloved Grannie and her patch of Lily of the Valley flowers #flowers\nLilies of the Valley\nlily of the valley - these were my mother's favorite scent (at least we always bought her lily-of-the-valley perfume).\nLily of the valley\nLilly of the valley", "label": "No"}
{"text": "*** Recipes Tutorials ***\nEasy Crockpot Chicken & Biscuits with frozen mixed vegetables, cream of chicken soup, chicken stock, Grands biscuits, shredded cheddar cheese & spices\n- 1.5 lb chicken, cubed\n- 16 oz mixed vegetables ( used “steamable” vegetables which I microwaved for 1 minute to partially thaw)\n- 1x 26 oz can cream of chicken soup (condensed)\n- 1 tub chicken stock\n- 1 tin refrigerated biscuits (I used a 16.3 oz tin of Grands Homestyle Butter flavored biscuits)\n- 4 oz shredded cheddar cheese\n- 1 tsp onion powder\n- 1 tsp garlic powder\n- salt and pepper to taste\n- Spray crock with nonstick cooking spray.\n- Place chicken in bottom of crockpot.\n- Place vegetables in.\n- Add the garlic and onion powders to the condensed soup in the can and give a stir to mix.\n- Place condensed soup and chicken stock over vegetables..\n- Cook on high for 3.5 hours.\n- Separate the biscuits from one another.\n- Tear biscuits into pieces and place over the food in the top of the crockpot.\n- Cook on high for 30-45 minutes.\n- Sprinkle shredded cheddar cheese on top and serve with salt and pepper to taste.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This colourful dish contains chunks of tender chicken breast, first roasted with aubergine, courgettes and red pepper, then baked in a herby tomato and olive sauce with a crumbly oat crust.\nBe the first to make this!\n3 chicken breast portions (skin on)\n3 small sprigs of fresh rosemary\n1 aubergine, cut into 2cm cubes\n2 courgettes, cut into 2cm thick slices\n1 red pepper, deseeded and cut into 2cm pieces\n1 tbsp olive oil (or oil from the jar of sun-dried tomatoes)\n400g can chopped tomatoes with herbs\n12 stoned black olives\n125g rolled oats\n40g butter, chilled and diced\n50g sun-dried tomatoes in oil, drained\n2 tsp chopped fresh oregano\nMethod Prep:20min › Cook:1hr › Ready in:1hr20min\nPreheat the oven to 190°C/gas 5. Loosen the skin on each chicken breast and tuck a sprig of rosemary underneath, between the skin and the flesh. Place the chicken in a large roasting tin and roast for 5 minutes.\nCombine the aubergine, courgettes and red pepper in a bowl. Drizzle over the oil, then toss to coat. Push the chicken portions to one side in the roasting tin, then add the vegetables. Roast the vegetables and chicken for 20 minutes, then turn the vegetables. Roast for a further 5–10 minutes until the vegetables are well browned and tender and the chicken is cooked through.\nMeanwhile, make the crumble topping. Put the oats in a food processor and pulse briefly to make a fairly fine ‘flour’. Add the butter, then pulse again until the mixture comes together in small lumps. Pat the sun-dried tomatoes on kitchen paper to blot up excess oil, then snip into small pieces with kitchen scissors. Stir into the crumble mixture with the oregano.\nTransfer the roasted vegetables to a baking dish, and stir in the chopped tomatoes and black olives. Season to taste. Cover and cook in the oven for 10 minutes. Meanwhile, discard the chicken skin and rosemary sprigs, then remove the chicken meat from the bone and cut into large bite-sized pieces.\nStir the chicken into the vegetable mixture, then scatter the crumble topping over the top, making sure to cover any vegetables that are already browned. Bake, uncovered, for 20 minutes until the topping is crisp and golden, then serve.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nucleus V2 Bag\nThe Nucleus has been redesigned from the ground up to fit the needs of the growing disc golf market. The Nucleus V2 is upgraded to 900D Cordura material, more disc storage, and an enhanced design for use with the Rover Cart system. The dual side zippered putter pockets expand the capacity of the bag for both field use and cart access.\nThe Nucleus V2 Holds 22-32 discs including the dual side zippered putter pockets.\n- Holds 22-32 Discs\n- 2 Large Zippered Putter Pockets\n- High-Quality 900D Polyester Material\n- Rigid Hard-Shell Bottom\n- Internal-Support Frame for Enhanced Structural Integrity\n- 4 Grid Track Stabilizing Feet\n- Insulated Drink Holder\n- 3 Internal Velcro Dividers\n- 1 Quick Access Side Pouch for Scorecard or Mini\n- Pencil Holder\n- Extra Zippered Side Pocket\n- Protected with a Limited Lifetime Warranty", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Spicy Pickle Potato Chips 70g\nMcClure's Spicy Potato Chips 70g\nMcClure's is a family-run business started in 2006 when brothers Joe and Bob rediscovered their great grandmother's recipe. They use as much local produce as possible when it is in season, and when it's not, they call up the farms and speak directly with the growers to know where their produce is coming from and how it is being grown - making sure they receive the best, freshest produce available. Every jar is hand packed. McClure's products are all-natural, gluten-free and kosher certified.\nBring on the heat, like many of the items this one has got kick in addition to some of the unique dill, garlic and vinegar flavors that you find in our pickle products.\nIngredients: Potatoes, vegetable oil, (contains one or more of the following: corn, sunflower or canola oil), vinegar powder, maltodextrin, salt, sugar, garlic powder, natural flavors, citric acid, and dill weed.\nProduct of USA.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you ever enjoyed the scent of a rose, walking in a lavender field or simply peeling off a mandarin skin you have definitely experienced the aromatic properties of essential oils.\nEssential oils come from the flowers, fruits, steams, roots of the plants. They are extracted in a way to maintain the natural properties and therapies intact. Every plant has a self defense mechanism which is made of aromatic compounds that serve to protect the plant against pests and insects but also to heal & repair from physical injuries. Like our body is protected by the Immune system , an Orange is protected by the rind.\ndōTERRA has partnered with independent hospitals and laboratories to make sure that this process will leave intact all of the natural properties extracted avoiding the essential oil to be contaminated by any external. Here you can find a lot of information about the scientific side of dōTERRA.\nThe process of steam distillation uses heated steam (as well as pressure) to extract essential oils from their plant parts. Because this method produces clean, pure essential oils, it is the most commonly used process for producing essential oils.\n(1) Water is heated creating steam. (2) The steam passes through the plant material pulling out the oil. (3) The oil rises with the steam. (4) The steam is cooled in a condenser. (5) The oil rises to the top of the water and is extracted. (6) The floral water is collected for use in home and beauty products.\nExpression ( Cold pressed )\nExpression doesn’t use heat when extracting the oil. Usually this system is used to press the rinds to extract the essential oil of citrus fruits, like Lemon, Mandarine, Orange, Bergamot or Grapefruit.\nThe Essential oil’s sacks are open when the rind of the fruit passes across grated cylinders that grind the peel’s surface.Once the sacs are open the fruit get sprayed with water to collect the essential oil released and then processed through a filtering system to eliminate any excess of peel pieces and to separate water from the oil.\nIf you want to learn more you can download your FREE Guide here", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Help support the Lion Guardian Games!\nWe are getting close to the 2nd Annual Lion Guardian Games. We have raised $505 of the $1,000 needed to cover the costs of the games (food, accommodation and prizes), but still need your help to raise the difference. Please help us show the Lion Guardians our appreciation for their hard work over the past year. We have had such exciting results this year (see our recent posts here and here) and we owe it all to them!\nDonate $10 by texting BIGCATS to 85944 from your US mobile phone or make a contribution online.\nLeave a Reply", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Direct Synthesis of Dibenzophospholes from Biaryls by Double C–P Bond Formation via Phosphenium Dication Equivalents\njournal contributionposted on 07.04.2020, 14:15 by Kazutoshi Nishimura, Koji Hirano, Masahiro Miura\nWe have developed a new strategy for the generation of phosphenium dication equivalents from readily available phosphinic acids and Tf2O. The in situ-generated dication equivalents can be readily coupled with simple (hetero)biaryls to form the corresponding dibenzophospholes directly. This protocol can also be applied to the concise synthesis of six- and seven-membered phosphacycles as well as the largely π-extended heteroacene derivatives, which are of great interest in the field of organic functional materials.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1988 Volume 74 Issue 10 Pages 2009-2016\nFor the purpose of evaluating creep damage, systematic study of creep damage was performed, particularly for grain boundary creep damages by SEM observation and density change measurements. Three different kinds of grain boundary creep damages leading to creep fracture were observed. They are cracks formed at triple points at higher loading stress, grain boundary cavities at medium stress and cracks at sigma/austenite interface at lower stress. Both the grain boundary cavities and the cracks at sigma/austenite interface comence to form at comparatively low creep strain (0.1-0.6%) at the steady-state creep stage (t/tr:0.2-0.4).The increasing feature of cavity volume with creep time corresponds to the creep curves. Precipitation of AIN associated with sigma phase on grain boundary leads to early formation of the cracks at their interface. In this case, the volume of the cracks increases considerably in the accelerating creep stage and constitutes a main component of the creep strain. The rapid increase in the volume causes the transition from the steady-state to the accelerating creep stage.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "the minister to the Italian Ecological Transition supplies the last data on the ERF section in sight of the passage of witness\n(Sustainabilityenvironment.com) – The demand for new renewable plants in Italy is growing and the developers are ready to seize the opportunity, taking advantage of the new government simplifications and the “favorable” conditions of the electricity market. If it weren’t for a problem: bottlenecks in the supply chain start to make themselves felt. This was also recalled yesterday by the Minister for Ecological Transition Roberto Cingolani, presenting at a press conference the Gas Plan and the energy situation of the Belpaese.\nThe data on the whole flatten positive but for now, those related to fer remain largely still on paper. According to number one of Minister, requests for connection of new renewable plants, relating to the last 7 months until 30 June this year have reached about 9 GW. “But I point out – underlines Cingolani – that it is not possible to install them all in a year due to lack of panels and raw materials. The bottleneck has become the fact that we do not have the material available from China. This is an addiction that we will have to deal with in the future, as for batteries”.\nNew renewable plants in Italy, between RES 2 and simplifications\nDespite this, the trend appears positive, especially when compared to 2021 when new renewable plants in Italy had added only 1.36 GW of additions. And in 2020 the number was even lower. “This is an unprecedented acceleration which gives hope – if we continue at this rate – for decarbonisation. Every time we install 8 GW of plants are 2-2.5 m3 of gas that can be saved”.\nFor the Minister, the coming months will even see a further increase in demand thanks to the new regulatory measures planned. “With the FER 2 measure, currently under consideration in the Unified Conference, between biogas, synthetic fuels, and geothermal could have a further acceleration of renewable generation”. Not only that. “We are going to liberalize on roofs up to 200 kW [of photovoltaic] for private use, up to 10 MW for businesses“. “We must continue this way and keep faith with the program that takes 70-80 GW in the next 8-9 years, and that essentially leads us to double the offer of green energy”, concluded Cingolani. “I hope that those who come after will do even more”.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "0 people like this recipe.\nFava Bean Dip With Goat Cheese And Garlic\nFava Bean, Garlic, And Herb Crostini\nFava Bean Falafel\nFava Bean And Radish Bruschetta\nFava Bean And Quinoa Salad\nPotato Gratin With Goat Cheese And Garlic\nBlack Bean And Goat Cheese Quesadillas\nPureed Cauliflower With Garlic, Parmesan, And Goat Cheese\nFried Garlic, Spinach And Goat Cheese Quiche\nGoat Cheese Stuffed Basil & Garlic Chicken\nSeared Scallops With Fava Bean Sauté\nHalibut On Minted Fava Bean And Pea Puree\nFava Bean Dip With Goat Cheese And Garlic Recipes â Dishmaps\nbean and radish cecconi s fava bean and fava bean and goat cheese dip ...\nFava bean dip with goat cheese and garlic .. recipe\nFava bean dip with goat cheese and garlic .. recipes\nGarlic Herb Tomato Goat Cheese Dip is my FAVORITE EASY CHEESE DIP ...\nradish cecconi s fava bean and fava bean and goat cheese dip fava ...\nwhite bean dip with garlic, parsley, and lemon aka fava in Turkey ...\nBraised Broad Beans with Garlic Yoghurt | Favorite Recipes | Pinterest\nBroad bean, Pea, Garlic and Mint Puree on toasted crostini with goats ...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a 12 to 14-inch saute pan, heat the olive oil and garlic until just sizzling. Add the broccoli and cook, tossing regularly for 8 to 10 minutes, until the stem is tender. Use the wine to slow the cooking down if the garlic begins to brown. When the broccoli is tender, add the chile flakes and zests and place on a platter.\nRecipe copyright 2000, Mario Batali. All Rights Reserved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grape Tomato And Cherry Tomato\nThere are various types of tomatoes like grape and cherry tomatoes. They got their names because of their form. Cherry tomatoes are round and the grape tomatoes are more oblong. They are not very different when it comes to taste; the both types are quite sweet. On the other hand many chefs prefer cherry tomatoes because of their flavor and texture. But still they are not quite similar when it comes to healthy properties. Read this article in best life facts to know the Differences Between Grape Tomato And Cherry Tomato.\nThis mini- version of traditional tomatoes is quite healthy as well. One cup of cherry tomatoes contains around 1.3 g of protein, 20 mg of vitamin C, and 1.8 g of fiber. They are also rich in these vitamins:\nOne cup of cherry tomatoes contain 63 mcg of vitamin A, which will help in keeping your eyes healthy. The National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements claims that this vitamin also helps in fighting macular degeneration related to age. Vitamin A helps in maintaining your white blood cells healthy and it also protects your kidneys, lungs and heart.\nOne cup of cherry tomatoes also contains 0.11 mg of vitamin B-6. This vitamin metabolizes protein and also improves brain function and cognitive development.\nGrape tomatoes like the cherry tomatoes are rich in various nutrients:\nThis vitamin keeps your immune system healthy, helps in forming protein and in healing wounds. It also helps in cleaning your body of toxins which damage your healthy cells. That is why it is especially important for cancer patients.\nPotassium: This mineral is especially important for proper functioning of your heart, muscles and nerves. Each grape tomato contains around as 40 mg of potassium.\nPhosphorus: This mineral is especially beneficial for your kidneys. It also improves the absorption of the important nutrients. Each grape tomato contains four mg of phosphorus.\nAlthough the Difference Between Grape Tomato And Cherry Tomato contain different nutrients, the both types are very healthy. They are rich in lycopene as well, like other types of tomatoes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Alapatt Group envisions to be a premium player in all the verticals that we operate in.\nWe operate to make our stakeholders lives easier by delivering superior value and by improving the quality of life of the people we serve.\n7 Group Values\n♦ Uncompromising Integrity\n♦ Commitment, trust and respect for customers, partners and employees\n♦ Achieve excellence in everything we do\n♦ Provide unparalleled service to our customers\n♦ Sustainable growth\n♦ Meaningful Innovation\n♦ Achieve results through teamwork and collaboration", "label": "No"}
{"text": "TIMESINDONESIA, JAKARTA – Indonesian chicken soup or soto tend to have yellowish color from the turmeric. Yet Boyolali chicken soup has distinctive way of serving the chicken soup with lighter and thinner taste of broth.\nHiwever, Boyolali chicken soup’s taste will be as marvelous as any other Soto or chicken soup you have ever had. This chicken soup was made of local ingredients, spices or herbs, such as shallot, garlic, ground pepper, lemongrass, local bay leaves, lemon leaves, ginger, and candlenut.\nAs the way you cook your regular chicken soup you need to put the chicken in the boiling water to make sure its germ free as well to make the meat soft and tender and to keep the broth clean. After it’s done, let it sit for a while, while you do the ingredients.\nGrind the rest of the ingredients, except the bay leaves, lemon leaves, lemongrass, ginger, just crush them and sauted them all in a pan. Once you smell the nice aroma of the ingredients you could put the chicken in it.\nAnd then add some water in to it and let it boiling for an hour to make the taste combined into the chicken meat. After all is done, you could deep fry the chicken and then shredded it.\nYou could serve Boyolali chicken soup or soto with several condiments such as fried onion spring, fried diced potato, boiled egg (cut in two), celery, and bean sprout. And, you could also add some chili sauce or soy sauce in to it. Happy cooking!!!. (*)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "RATH MASCHINEN was founded in 1992. Since then quality and service have been improving continuously and the fields of application have been extended, for example as tool-carriers for field trial.\nThe variant possibilities of hydraulic systems were leading to the realization of completely new constructions.\nUsing 3D constructions they can be simulated in relevance to the practical application.\nGiven the long durability of our machines we put great value in long term cooperation and are happy about feedback and new ideas through which we are able to improve our machines even further.\nIf you ever happen to come to Carinthia we are happy to welcome you here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Recipe adapted from the What’s Cooking? USDA Mixing Bowl website.\nIn a medium bowl, stir together the chili powder, cumin, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, oregano, salt, and pepper.\nPlace a large sauté pan over moderate heat, and warm the coconut oil. Add the Brussels sprouts and the seasoning mixture and cook until the Brussels sprouts soften and wilt slightly (about 5 minutes).\nAdd the beans, lower the heat to low, and cook, stirring often, until the beans are heated through (about 3 minutes).\nIn a small bowl, use a fork to mash the avocados and lime juice into a creamy paste. Add the chia seeds and stir to combine.\nSpread a thin layer of the avocado mixture on each tortilla then top with the Brussels sprout–bean mixture. Roll up the tortillas, tucking the sides in as you roll.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Currently, the market for freight transportation offers a number of possibilities. Of course, land, air, and sea transportation are the most common types. Each of these varieties has benefits and drawbacks.\nThe availability of options and choices is fundamental to the world in which we live and to the framework of this global economy that ensures the abolition of commercial borders. You should be aware that there are many factors to consider when determining which mode of transportation would work best for you, such as the urgency of the shipment, the type of goods, the required journey time, or the size and number of the delivered goods.\nIt is necessary to be aware of the specifics of each of these options and what they can provide you in order to determine which one best matches your demands. Each of these alternatives is ideal for different needs.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Once you have selected and purchased a rattan garden set for your patio or deck, taking care of it to be sure it retains its natural beauty is important. Rattan can last for many years when properly protected from the elements. Knowing how to keep your rattan chairs and tables in top condition goes a long way to having a set you can take pride in for many years.\nCleaning Rattan Garden Sets\nYou should take care of rattan garden furniture sets in the same manner you would take care of the fine furniture that sits inside your home. Regular cleaning, dusting, and maintenance keeps rattan tables, chairs and lounges looking smart. Proper sweeping of the patio area regularly with a broom keeps the area around the furniture clean, which in turn protects the legs of the furniture from moulds and mildews. Brush the outdoor furniture itself with a soft brush to remove accumulated dirt and oils. If necessary, you can use a soft cloth dampened with a solution of liquid soap and water to get inside the crevices and in between the weave. Rinse with clean water and allow the furniture to dry thoroughly. Avoid using furniture polish or oils on garden furniture as they attract dirt.\nProtecting Rattan Garden Sets from Damage\nCold, damp weather as well as rain and snow can damage rattan garden furniture. Since the furniture is quite lightweight, it is a good idea to bring the furniture indoors during the winter if possible. If you are lacking in storage space, you can find rattan furniture covers to protect the furniture from the worst of the elements during winter. Be sure to remove any seat cushions from sofas or chairs prior to covering and store the cushions inside. Because rattan is lightweight, when moving, it is better to lift the furniture off the surface to protect the legs from scrapes and damage. Furniture foot pads or felt pads are a great idea for rattan. Just pop them on the bottom of the legs to prevent damage to the feet.\nMaintaining Rattan Garden Sets\nCheck your rattan garden set for damage at least twice a year. A good idea is to check it in the spring when you bring it out of storage or remove the covers, and in the autumn when you store it for the winter. Turn the furniture over and check for any damage to the feet or underside, and repair any damage before it becomes a major problem. Check all screws and ties to be sure they are well set and in proper order. If you find damage to the finish, you can purchase a spray finish especially for rattan that can easily fix the problem. If your set includes rattan storage pieces be sure to check and clean the inside of those as well.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Join us in welcoming Abby Sanders to the ACEL family! She will begin our master of science program in August with a focus in agricultural communication.\nOriginally from Arkansas, Abby has a bachelor of science degree in agricultural business from Arkansas Tech University in Russellville, Arkansas.\nWhen asked what she looks forward to most about graduate school, she said “I’m most looking forward to building lasting connections with like-minded individuals that will also be in the agriculture field. I’m very fortunate to have this opportunity and look forward to making the most of it.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In his opening address, the Executive Governor, Dr Agbu Kefas expressed his determination to fulfill his campaign promise of ensuring that 80% of his government comprises young individuals. He emphasized the importance of cultivating the right mindset among the youth to drive the administration forward effectively.\nThe governor acknowledged the significance of the maiden edition of the summit, despite the limited availability of resources, as it serves as a platform for essential discussions and strategic planning, urging the youths to have faith in their capabilities and actively invest in honing their technical expertise which will undoubtedly drive tangible progress and development in Taraba State.\n“To make progress, there must be a mental transformation. That is the primary objective of this summit. We are aware of the direct correlation between idle youth and criminal activities,” stated Bako.\nThe visionary behind the summit, Governor Agbu, aims to equip and empower the youth of Taraba State with the knowledge and skills to become self-sufficient entrepreneurs.\nThe inaugural summit, unprecedented in the state’s history, has drawn participants from all sixteen local government areas.\nThe Taraba State Youth, Security, and Economic Summit serve as a testament to the government’s commitment to addressing crucial issues affecting the youth, ensuring security, and fostering economic development in the state.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Yield: 2 Servings\n|2 tablespoons||Olive oil|\n|½ \\N||Yellow pepper finely chopped|\n|100 grams||Peas, cooked|\n|225 grams||Fresh pasta ribbons|\n|25 grams||Butter; softened|\n|50 grams||Crme fraiche|\n|\\N \\N||Freshly ground pepper|\nThe tang of pepper gives this gentle pasta dish a distinctive touch.\nThe creaminess of crme fraiche, some Parmesan, freshly ground black pepper ~ and you have a delicious supper dish.\nHeat the oil and gently fry the yellow pepper for a few minutes. Add the peas, mix well and season with pepper. Cover and leave to cook over a very low heat for 15 minutes, until well softened.\nCook the pasta 'al dente' and drain it. Put it into a warm dish and pour the pepper and pea mixture over it. Add the butter, crme fraiche and Parmesan. Toss well and serve immediately.\nCopyright Rosamond Richardson 1996 Meal-Master format courtesy of Karen Mintzias", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sweet Potato Black Bean Chili is an easy vegetarian and vegan chili for your busy weeknights. It all comes together in one pot. Healthy and packed with flavor.\n- 2 tablespoons olive oil\n- 1 large sweet potato (peeled and diced)\n- 1 large red onion (diced)\n- 4 cloves garlic (minced)\n- 2 tablespoons chili powder\n- 1/2 teaspoons ground cayenne pepper (can adjust to spice preference)\n- 1 teaspoon ground cumin\n- 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt\n- 4 cups vegetable stock or broth (2 cans or 1 box)\n- 1 15 oz can black beans (rinsed and drained)\n- 1 14.5 oz can fire roasted diced tomatoes\n- 1/2 cup dry quinoa\n- 1/2 lime (juiced. About 1 large tablespoon)\n- avocado, sliced jalapeños, chopped cilantro, sour cream, cheese (optional toppings)\n- Heat a large pot (like a dutch oven) with the olive oil over medium-high heat.\n- Add the diced sweet potato and onion. Cook for about 5 minutes until the onion is softened. It’s fine that the potatoes aren’t fully tender yet – they will cook more.\n- Add the garlic and spices: Chili powder, cayenne pepper, cumin, and salt. Stir to combine until the garlic is fragrant – about 30 seconds.\n- Add the vegetable stock, tomatoes, black beans, and quinoa. Stir and bring the mixture to a boil. Give one last stir, cover the pot, and reduce the heat to low to maintain a slow simmer.\n- Cook, simmering, for 30-35 minutes until the quinoa is fully cooked and the potatoes are tender. The entire mixture should be thick like a chili. If it needs to be thickened further, you can simmer for a couple of minutes with the lid off.\n- Stir in the lime juice and remove from heat. Adjust salt if needed.\n- Serve with desired toppings and enjoy!\nLeftovers can be stored in the fridge for 5 days. This chili also freezes well.\n- Prep Time: 10 minutes\n- Cook Time: 45 minutes\n- Category: Main Dish, Meatless Monday\n- Cuisine: American", "label": "No"}
{"text": "bean bag sofas and chairsofa trendy giant bean bag chair bean bag lounger chair.\nbean bag bed chairthe bean bag chair is a giant floating bean bag chair that looks and feels like a hammock and kind of looks like a giant pillow being held up via bean bag chair bed qvc.\nbean bag and bedbed bean bag sofa mattress pillow cushion bean bag bed moody chair.\nthe bean bag bedbean bags bean bag bed with built in blanket and pillow ebay.\nbean bag with bed insidefinding the best bean bag chair with built in pillow and blanket bean bag bed with blanket and pillow price.\nbean bag to bedbean bag bed with built in blanket and pillow moody couch bean bag bed with built in blanket and pillow cost.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BUY HONEY NATURAL BACKWOODS CIGARS UK 8 PACKS OF 5 (40 COUNT)\nBUY HONEY NATURAL BACKWOODS CIGARS UK 8 PACKS OF 5 (40 COUNT). These revolutionary cigarillos offer the smoker an uncompromising flavor of sweet, farm-raised honey. Each stick is bee-hive blessed, for it is a perfect blend of Caribbean Basin Cuban Seed filler tobaccos. that are cloaked in a bold and rich Connecticut Broadleaf.\nComprised of tobaccos grown on the fertile lands of Puerto Rico. each of these cigarillos is four inches in length with a gauge of 27 – perfect for a short, recreational smoke.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By: Holly Fujan\nOn May 19th through the 22nd, 2012, I had the opportunity to attend the 28th Annual Alltech Symposium in Lexington, Kentucky. While at the Symposium I had a chance to see what was going on throughout the pork industry not only in the United States, but also in other countries. There were more then 2,000 people who attended the Symposium from all around the world. The main topic of the Symposium was the concern with the growing world population. With the population growing at an incredible rate, Alltech believes that people and industries must explore new ideas in order to plan for the future. They went on to say that agriculture will play a tremendous role in shaping that future as producers are faced with the challenges of feeding the booming global population, which is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, as well as dealing with diminishing resources and environmental concerns.\nWhile at the Symposium, I also had the chance to attend many sessions which discussed various areas of the pork industry. Speakers from many different countries such as Australia, Chile, Ireland and France attended these sessions and discussed with us the research they had done on topics which included: The challenge of tackling PRRS, the optimal weaning weight for piglets, the concern of nutrition keeping up with genetic changes, and new advances in feeding sows to produce as many piglets as possible per year. The second night we were in Kentucky I even had the chance to eat dinner at the Kentucky Horse Park with one of the speakers from Ireland and discuss with him the pork industry where he is from.\nThe Symposium was an excellent experience for me. It really helped to better inform me of the issues within the pork industry outside of Nebraska. I really enjoyed getting to meet people from all around the world who were very knowledgeable on the industry, and also passionate about the work that they do. I think this will help me in the future if I would decide to pursue a career directly related to the pork industry after graduation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "At the heart of downtown Battle Ground, North County Community Food Bank is abuzz with volunteers five days a week. Packing over 900 food boxes a month, the food bank continues its mission to provide healthy food, including fresh fruits and vegetables, and other assistance to those in need.\nNorth County Community Food Bank, established in 1980, is an affiliate of the Clark County Food Bank and one of the only local distributors of U.S. Department of Agriculture commodities. They are the largest purchaser of food in Clark County according to their website.\nExecutive Director Elizabeth Cerveny strives to provide fresh produce and quality food in each box while following USDA nutritional guidelines.\n“We target a healthier food box,” Cerveny said. “Many of our clients have health issues. That’s my driver to get produce in the box.”\nFresh produce and other healthy foods are expensive, however, and costs are expected to rise. According to the USDA’s Economic Research Service, food costs will increase by 5.8% in 2023. The USDA expects prices will continue to climb in 2024, with a predicted growth of 2.2%.\n“The cost of food items alone is skyrocketing,” Cerveny said.\nWith rising costs and other economic challenges, North County Community Food Bank has seen a major increase in clients. Two years ago, the food bank was packing 450 boxes a month. This year they are packing 900 to 1000 boxes per month.\nProgram Coordinator Darin McClure said 45 to 50 clients visit the food bank each day. The food bank’s end-of-month report for September 2023 showed it served 90,123 pounds of food to clients.\nThe increase in clients and rising expenses have challenged North County Community Food Bank. Higher prices and a lack of volunteers have made providing boxes difficult, according to McClure.\n“The other food banks have a lot going on. They’re overwhelmed too,” McClure said. “Right now, we have just enough volunteers to make this work.”\nFresh produce remains a priority at North County Community Food Bank. To supplement produce donations, the food bank also buys fresh fruits and vegetables. The food bank spends up to $2,000 a week to purchase additional produce to supplement their boxes, Cerveny said.\n“We buy fresh vegetables and fruits from Apple Foods in Portland,” Darin McClure said.\nThe amount of produce available to the food bank varies during the year. During the summer and fall harvests, many local farms and gardens provide the food bank with fresh produce. Independent growers with an excess of fruits and vegetables, often from their back yards, bring donations.\nThe Lewis River Rotary Club has overseen a community garden, which has provided the food bank with an abundance of produce this year. Many of their deliveries brought 200 to 300 pounds of fresh fruits and vegetables, McClure said.\n“There’s a lot of opportunities to get good stuff, especially during harvest,” McClure said.\nThough North County Community Food Bank wishes to provide everyone with fresh and healthy food, McClure understands that some clients receiving boxes may not have enough time to prepare a healthy meal from scratch. Staples like low-sodium canned goods and dry pasta with tomato sauce are often included in the boxes for an easy but healthy meal option.\nClients interested in learning new cooking methods to prepare healthy meals from the food in their boxes may seek classes through North County Community Food Bank. In partnership with Adventist Community Services Food Pantry and Battle Ground Health Care, the available programs include Healthy Cooking For Life, Celebrity Chef and Kids in the Kitchen, Living with Diabetes and Seed to Supper.\nIn addition to food, the North County Community Food Bank also provides hygiene items and detergents when available. Laundry detergent, soaps, shampoos, conditioners and feminine products can be included in food boxes upon request. Toilet paper is in high demand, McClure said.\nThough in high demand and always welcome, hygiene items and detergents are rarely donated. Many of the clients visiting the food bank may be unable to afford such costly items.\n“These are some of the most expensive items on the shelf,” McClure said.\nCerveny believes participation at the food bank, whether volunteering or donating, is an excellent way to give back to the community and form connections.\n“People come to us in tears,” Cerveny said. “All the volunteers have a caring focus. We’re a resource for whatever their needs are.”\nNorth County Community Food Bank is open from 9 a.m. to 11:15 a.m. and 1:30 to 3:15 p.m. Monday through Friday, 17 NE Third Ave. in Battle Ground. It also offers curbside drive-thru services. Clients may obtain two food boxes a month. For additional information, visit the website, nccfoodbank.org, or call 1-360-687-5007.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "f you're looking for a versatile dish to meal prep then this recipe is for you. It is bursting with flavor and can be served up in tacos, burritos, or in a delicious meal prep bowl! The full recipe comes together in under 30 minutes and can be enjoyed for lunch or dinner. Enjoy.\n- 1 tbsp oil\n- 1 lb ground chicken\n- 1 yellow onion, diced\n- 1 tbsp chili powder\n- 1 tsp garlic powder\n- 1 tsp dried oregano\n- 1 chipotle pepper in adobo sauce, chopped\n- 1 cup chicken broth\n- 2 tbsp tomato paste\n- 2 cups corn kernels\n- 1 red bell pepper, diced\n- ¼ red onion, finely diced\n- ½ jalapeño pepper, deseeded and finely diced\n- 2 tbsp chopped fresh cilantro\n- 1 lime, juice\n- 2 cups cooked brown rice\n- Salt and freshly ground black pepper\n- In a large pan, heat the oil over medium-high heat. Add the chicken and cook, breaking it up with the side of a spoon until it is no longer pink, about 5 to 6 minutes. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Add the onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until it begins to soften, about 2 to 3 minutes. Add the chili powder, garlic powder, dried oregano, and chipotle pepper. Cook, stirring, until they become fragrant, about 30 seconds. Add the chicken broth and tomato paste. Reduce the heat to medium-low and cook, stirring occasionally, until the liquid has evaporated, about 2 to 3 minutes. Remove the chicken from the heat and set it aside.\n- In a large bowl, add the corn, bell pepper, red onion, jalapeño pepper, cilantro, and lime juice. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Mix until everything is well combined.\n- Serve immediately with the chicken and rice. Store in the refrigerator for up to 4 days.\n- You can feel free to sub out the ground chicken and use ground chicken or ground turkey instead\nAs an Amazon Associate and member of other affiliate programs, I earn from qualifying purchases.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Like a glass of freshly squeezed lemonade on a sunny day, Simple Splendor is bursting with the brightness of organic lemon, crispy pued brown rice, and rich organic cashew butter. Made with 10g of plant-based protein and a whole lot of sunshine, get ready for a snack that elevates your day. every day! Ingredients:\n- Organic Brown Rice Syrup, Organic Cashew Butter, Organic Protein Blend (Organic Sprouted Brown Rice Protein, Organic Pea Protein), Organic Sunflower Seed Butter, Organic Crispy Brown Rice (Organic Brown Rice, Organic Brown Rice Syrup, Sea Salt), Organic Maple Sugar, Organic Puffed Brown Rice, Organic Coconut Milk Powder, Organic Lemon Juice Powder, Organic Sunflower Oil, Organic Lemon Oil.\n- Capacity: 2.3 oz\n- Organic: Yes", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PeninsulaHack Supporting the Peninsula Startup Community: By Frankston Foundry\nThe Frankston Foundry was launched in 2016 to provide a coworking space for entrepreneurs and technology professionals across the bayside and Mornington Peninsula region. It is committed to actively connect within Victoria’s startup ecosystem by facilitating networks between its regional entrepreneurs and the Melbourne sector.\nPeninsulaHACK brings together the brightest creative, technical and entrepreneurial minds from across the Peninsula into a festival of activities to educate and innovate.\nPeninsulaHack was delivered for the first time under Frankston Foundry’s LaunchVic second funding round. Due to the success of the first PeninsulaHack and impact on the region, Frankston Foundry has been supported through additional funding to deliver the program again in 2020.\nFor more information, visit the Frankston Foundry website", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Play the Free Rice Game\nPlay the World Food Program’s Free Rice Game!\nFor every correct answer, rice will be donated to the World Food Program to help feed people in developing countries around the world!\nPlay Free Rice – an educational game that helps feed the hungry!\nClick on image below.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An incredibly rare and sought after plant, known for its arrow head leaves and natural variegation. It is a climbing plant native to Mexico, Brazil and Bolivia. A popular choice of houseplant, due to its striking appearance and easy to grow nature. These are full size plants with minimal variation thus the price.\nLight: Best grown in medium or low light spots", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mohawk Garnet Inc. is an Ontario-based mineral exploration and development company, specializing in the extraction and production of Hornet Abrasive™ for the abrasive blasting industry.\nIn 2013, Mohawk Garnet Inc. completed the construction of two new facilities, which together have a production capacity of approximately 1000 tonnes of abrasive per day. The combination of a wet processing plant as well as a dry processing and packaging plant enables Mohawk Garnet to direct the entire production process, from extraction to user ready abrasive, ensuring the production of the highest quality Hornet Abrasive™.\nBy means of a closed loop system, the 32,000 square foot wet processing plant utilizes technology to ensure that the process is environmentally friendly. The production process does not require the use of tailings ponds and water is used, filtered, cleaned and reused.\nThe 70,000 square foot dry processing and packaging facility, located next to the Trans-Canada Highway, is uniquely located for the final processing and packaging of the products before they are shipped to our warehouses and clients.\nAt Mohawk Garnet, we believe in producing a superior grade product and this is reflected in our strict safety and quality controls at every stage of our production process from sourcing the raw materials from the Earth, to processing the hard rock into a full range of mesh sizes, to packaging and marketing our material, and finally, to delivering the finished product to our international clients.\nTo service the global abrasive blasting industry with a quality and affordable abrasive while striving for innovation in processing, protecting the environment, enabling our employees and enhancing our community.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The turmeric, banana and citrus smoothie will bring many benefits to your body! Indeed, turmeric is a plant that has powerful anti-inflammatory properties in addition to being very protective for the liver and stomach. It also helps fight digestive problems, arthritis and asthma thanks to the presence of vitamins A and C, phenolic compounds and antioxidant curcuminoids. Fruits will provide you with many vitamins. So, don’t wait any longer and get out your blender!\n- 5 oranges\n- 1 lemon\n- 2 large fairly ripe bananas\n- 1 cm fresh ginger\n- 2 cm fresh turmeric (or 2 tsp powder)\n- 20 cl plain soy milk (or almond milk without added sugar)\n- 2 tbsp. honey\n1. First, squeeze the oranges and lemon.\n2. Peel the turmeric and ginger, then dice them.\n3. Peel the bananas and cut them into slices.\n4. Add all the ingredients to the blender, starting with the milk and the squeezed citrus fruits so that the mixture is more homogeneous, without forgetting the honey which will bring the sweet touch to your smoothie.\n5. Blend at high speed until you get the desired smooth texture.\n6. Divide your turmeric, banana and citrus smoothie into the glasses and enjoy immediately!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Question: What is the ruling regarding the one who wipes over his socks after the [prescribed] period has passed, and thereafter prays (salaah)?\nResponse: The ruling is that he must repeat the prayer, because [the prescribed period for] the permissibility of wiping [over the socks] has expired. And when [the prescribed period for] the permissibility of wiping [over the socks] has expired, then the wudhoo is nullified by the [mere] passing of the [prescribed] period. [And] the Prophet ﷺ has stipulated the wiping [over the socks] to be a single day and it’s accompanying night for the resident, and three days and their accompanying nights for the traveller. So that which is understood [from this], is that when the [prescribed] period has passed, then the [permissibility for] wiping [over the socks] is rescinded; so when this happens, it is imperative to [renew the wudhoo in full and] wash the feet [too].", "label": "No"}
{"text": "and ISABELLA1 month ago\nI have grass out if you want to stalk my place for seeds. You are welcome to it.\nand Cosanzeana1 month, 1 week ago\nTy for Stoping in our garden! I am looking for ft seeds,but it seems to me that the fairyes dont do anymore teh fairytales! Very hard to find gardens with faiey critters....😲\nMerry is Quest Level IV, and has completed these Quests:\nTotal Earnings: 2607 Scrolls", "label": "No"}
{"text": "According to the Fibonacci Time Zone indicator, today Loopring enters the new cycle, which does indicate that it cold be the time to act now. Price has tested the low at $0.11, where it has rejected the upper trendline of the descending channel.\nAll-in-all the trend is bearing and it is hard to argue with that. But it could be the very bottom and the end of the decline. If that is the case, LRC/USD is expected to grow exponentially, with the first target at $1, that is x10 gain.\nBut if the $1 psychological resistance is broken, then next target is at $3 area, that is the previous all-time high. Break above the $3, should send price up to the next psychological resistance area, near $10.\nThe buying opportunity seems to present itself, and it could be the low risk trade with a x100 profit opportunity in the medium term.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Electric Fence For Horses How High Tensile Electric Fence Works Horse Portable Electric Fence Units\nelectric fence for horses how high tensile electric fence works horse portable electric fence units.\nhow to install an electric fence for your horse animals horses reviews best portable,electric fence horses supplies horse portable units camping in snow,electric horse cable fence safe strong reliable tape installation portable for horses canada,best portable electric horse fence tape installation units fencing options what to consider when buying,fitting the fence to animal choosing best electric horses portable horse supplies,how to build an electric fence horse voltage for horses reviews supplies,the best electric fence for horse camping portable horses,electric fence horses supplies horse rugs direct centaur,horse portable electric fence units camping price kit,electric fence for horses reviews tape horse your farm is the installation.\n- March 22, 2018\n- no tag\n- Comments (0)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Scientific Research Day\nAs a part of Almaarefa colleges’ effort on supporting and initiating scientific research, and under the patronage of the board director Dr. Zied Alzamil, the MCST provost Dr. Ibrahim Almilhim has launched the scientific research day, which was organized by the colleges’ academic affairs and has a high number of attendees of students and staff. The scientific research day aims at initiating the research at the colleges’ through numbers of lectures by medical and technology researchers from the colleges. The program consists of lectures about the national plan for science, technology, and innovation; guidelines on doing scientific research, scientific publications, guidelines and tips on making research proposals, tips on getting research funds. In addition, a speech on the student research club. At the end, the colleges’ provost expressed thanks to the attendees for their participation and has presented the awards to the speakers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Feel free to run wild in your garden, says judge\nWhat constitutes a garden and gardening has been redefined by a judge who ruled that chopping down a swath of trees can count as weeding rather than forestry.\nA garden, said Lord Justice Moses, no longer conforms to the Oxford English Dictionary definition of “an enclosed piece of ground devoted to the cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables”. It is, he maintained, much more than that.\nHe said that the dictionary definition is too old-fashioned and needs to be expanded to take into account the modern taste for letting parts of a garden run wild. The judge made his horticultural observations as he overturned a criminal conviction against Michael John Rockall that had been imposed by magistrates for chopping down trees on his property.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Mediterranean is one of the world’s main biodiversity and cultural “hotspots”. The concept of hotspot has a double meaning. On the one hand, it refers to the diversity that characterises the Mediterranean area, and at the same time it identifies this region as a climate change high risk area. The impacts linked to climate change are especially relevant in the Mediterranean basin as a whole, and are expected to have a higher incidence rate than the expected average impact on a global scale. In short, it is one of the most threatened areas on the planet. This severe impact of climate change means a substantial increase in all the socio-environmental problems that are currently an issue: changes in land use, pollution, loss of biodiversity, degradation of cultural heritage, reduced water availability, risks for food security and the health and well-being of people, growing migratory flows and increasing economic and political instability.\nGiven this situation, it is essential that universities in the Mediterranean basin play a key role as drivers for training and innovation to address this critical situation, which is expected to worsen significantly in the coming decades. We cannot do this individually, but networking and the generation of synergies are essential to address the well-being of people, the future generations and the common heritage. In this context, training for sustainable development, risk mitigation and adaptation to new future scenarios must be promoted within the framework of a true ecological transition of the Mediterranean countries towards models that favour socio-environmental resilience and economic and political stability.\nThe Subnetwork “Climate and Environmental Change” aims to connect the main actors involved in the topic, promote synergies, knowledge-exchange and partnerships among the involved Universities, support policy dialogue and strengthen consultation in the Mediterranean. At the same time it aims to engage universities with research centers, public administrations, private companies and NGO’s working in this field to develop and share initiatives and projects.\nThe main objectives of the subnetwork are:\n- Promoting regional and cross-cutting cooperationbetween the two shores of the Mediterranean, to create new partnerships and develop joint projects related to climate and environmental change, heritage conservation, mitigation, adaptation, resilience and ecological transition.\n- Supporting Universities in the definition of key competences and learning program’srelated to climate and environmental change, heritage conservation, mitigation, adaptation, resilience and ecological transition to facilitate studies and trainings for a new generation of students, scientists, professionals and entrepreneurs.\n- Increase the awareness and understanding of the risk associated to climate and environmental changeand contributing to provide innovative solutions to this global challenge for the future of Mediterranean biodiversity and cultural heritage and its impact on the different territories, economies and societies.\n- Encouraging the awareness and understanding of the importance of the Cultural and Natural Heritagein the Mediterranean context.\n- Organizing international events(workshops, conferences, webinars, trainings) to improve the flow of knowledge and exchange of experiences.\n- Developing and reinforcing virtual exchangein all kind of activities developed inside the subnetwork.\n- Gathering and sharing information, to collaboratively carry out studies, analysis and research papers on the thematic, and to support knowledge-based policy making.\nParticipating in this Subnetwork means being actively engaged with its activities, with commitment in the networking, and regular participation. In this frame, the Subnetwork can also be an active player in the dialogue with national and regional authorities, international organizations, the private sector and the general public.Register you University to the Subnetwork", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What could be more enjoyable than paying for high quality golf clubs and equipment at a low price? Pay even less for them! That's right, on our golf clearance page you'll find a wide selection of used golf clubs on sale and golf equipment at discounted prices.\nIf your golf bag is well stocked, but you need new outfits for the season, we also offer discounts on men's and women's golf apparel as well as the latest golf shoes from Nike, Puma, Adidas and Footjoy. For gadget and technology enthusiasts, we have a wide selection of GPS watches and rangefinders on clearance, in addition to many other golf accessories such as gloves, umbrellas and tees.\nFurthermore, all these items are rotated on a monthly basis. For you, this means more variety and more bargains on all our products. So come and visit us regularly to prevent missing out on these great golf clearance deals. All of which can be shipped to anywhere in Canada!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Role of Erosion Control in Stormwater Management\nStormwater management is a critical aspect of urban planning and environmental conservation. As cities expand and development increases, the challenges of managing stormwater runoff become more pronounced. One of the key elements in mitigating the adverse effects of stormwater runoff is erosion control.\nA Key Aspect of Civil Engineering\nErosion control is indeed a significant component of civil engineering. Civil engineers are responsible for designing, implementing, and managing infrastructure projects that include soil conservation measures.\nErosion prevention is integral to many civil engineering projects, particularly those involving the development of transportation systems, water resource management, and environmental conservation.\nCivil engineers utilize various erosion prevention techniques and Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent soil erosion, stabilize slopes, and protect natural ecosystems. These techniques may include the installation of erosion control structures such as retaining walls, rock berms, and sediment traps, as well as the implementation of erosion mitigation measures such as vegetative stabilization, bioengineering, and land stabilization blankets.\nFurthermore, civil engineers often work closely with environmental scientists, hydrologists, and landscape architects to develop comprehensive erosion control plans that address the specific needs and challenges of a project site. By integrating soil stabilization into the overall design and construction process, civil engineers help ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of infrastructure projects while minimizing the impact on the environment.\nThe Basics of Erosion Control\nErosion control plays a vital role in preventing soil detachment and reducing the transport of sediment-laden runoff into storm drains and natural waterways. The process of erosion occurs when raindrops impact the soil surface, displacing tiny soil particles. These particles, once dislodged, can be easily transported by runoff, leading to soil erosion and sedimentation in water bodies.\nErosion Prevention Best Management Practices\nTo address erosion effectively, various erosion control Best Management Practices (BMPs) are employed. These BMPs aim to stabilize soil surfaces, prevent soil loss, and promote vegetation growth, ultimately reducing the risk of erosion and sedimentation.\nOne commonly used soil conservation BMP is the installation of fiber mats or geotextiles on exposed slopes. These mats, made of biodegradable materials such as straw or jute, are placed directly on the soil surface to hold the soil in place and promote the establishment of vegetation. By reducing runoff velocity and providing a protective cover, fiber mats help prevent soil erosion and promote soil stabilization.\nHydro mulch is another soil stabilization technique that involves spraying a mixture of natural fibers and water onto the soil surface. This temporary protective layer helps prevent soil erosion by providing a barrier against rainfall impact and promoting seed germination. However, hydro mulch requires specialized equipment for application and may need multiple applications to be effective.\nPermanent Erosion Control Structures\nIn addition to temporary erosion control measures, permanent erosion control structures such as rock berms and retaining walls are used to stabilize slopes and prevent soil movement. Rock berms, constructed along slopes, trap sediment-laden runoff and prevent it from entering storm drains. Retaining walls, on the other hand, disrupt the downward movement of soil and retain sediment behind them, allowing water to seep through and filter out sediment.\nVegetation and Erosion Control\nVegetation plays a crucial role in soil conservation and is often considered nature’s finest land stabilization BMP. Established vegetation, with its extensive root systems, helps stabilize soil, reduce surface runoff, and prevent erosion. By absorbing water and holding soil particles in place, vegetation acts as a natural barrier against erosion and sedimentation.\nThe Impact of Chosen Mediation Strategies\nWhen implementing erosion control measures, it is essential to consider their effectiveness in combination with sediment control BMPs. While soil conservation BMPs aim to prevent soil detachment, sediment control BMPs trap sediment that has already been displaced. By using both types of BMPs together, stormwater managers can ensure comprehensive protection against erosion and sedimentation.\nRoutine maintenance is also crucial for the effectiveness of soil conservation measures. Inspecting erosion control structures regularly and replacing worn-out materials helps maintain their integrity and effectiveness. Additionally, vegetation must be monitored and managed to ensure proper growth and coverage, enhancing its erosion prevention capabilities.\nIn conclusion, erosion control plays a fundamental role in effective stormwater management. By preventing soil erosion and reducing sedimentation, soil conservation BMPs help protect water quality, preserve natural habitats, and mitigate the adverse effects of stormwater runoff. Incorporating erosion prevention measures into stormwater management plans is essential for creating resilient and sustainable urban environments. Through careful planning, implementation, and maintenance of soil conservation BMPs, communities can effectively manage stormwater and safeguard their water resources for future generations.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ordu, Turkey, Turkish. 48kbps Turkish Music, Gerçek Müzik Burdaaa\nIzmir, Turkey, Turkish. 48kbps Turkce\nAnkara, Turkey, Pop\nKastamonu, Turkey, Turkish. 48kbps Karýþýk Turkish Pop Music\nBursa, Turkey, Regional. 128kbps Mudanya Turkiye\nMersin, Turkey, Folk. 32kbps Turkish Music\nWe'll send you the latest on TV and Radio playing all over the world.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Technology as a factor of the efficiency of interaction of the regional economy subjects\nShkezhev Rustam Khamzetkhanovich\nRussia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kabardino-Balkarian state agricultural university named after V.M. Kokov\nThe article deals with the interaction problems between the subjects of the cluster structures. The author proposed conceptual model of the interaction and integration model of estimating (qualimetrical) of the results of interaction.\nintegration, interaction, collaboration management, integration interaction, the factors of production, integrated indicators.\nFull article text is available only in Russian.\nPlease select from the menu Russian language and continue reading.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Planning outdoor landscaping is one of the more overwhelming outdoor projects. If you're wondering where to start, Lisa Orgler, a lecturer in the horticulture department at Iowa State University says to think about your open spaces first.\n“The number one thing I like to encourage people to do is to not just look at the plantings first, but look at your spaces first. What we do, is we do a spatial design first, and then we do a planting design. A spacial design is basically deciding where your rooms should be in your landscape, or where the spaces should be. So, instead of buying a plant and then putting it somewhere and being confused about where to put it, decide where you want your patio to be, your lawn space to be,” says Orgler.\n“And then the planting beds go around those spaces an reinforce them, so it’s really about thinking about the spaces first.”\nDuring this hour of Talk of Iowa, host Charity Nebbe talks with Orgler and Richard Jaron, horticulture expert at Iowa State University Extension about landscaping. They also take listener questions about plants.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Creating Mesmerising Landscapes with Watercolor A Beginners Guide\nAre you looking to transform your outdoor space into a eco-friendly haven that's as pleasing to the planet as it is to the eye? With drought-tolerant landscaping, organic pest and weed control, rainwater harvesting and utilization, sustainable landscaping practices, and the benefits of native plant landscaping, you can do just that!\nLet's start with the basics - choosing a topic or niche about eco-friendly practices and projects for your outdoor space. When making a decision, it's important to consider what kinds of plants and water sources are available in your area and what design elements you want to incorporate. One great way to kick-start your eco-friendly projects is with a landscape watercolor. By taking a \"painterly\" approach to your plants and water sources, you can create a look that is eye-catching and mind-blowing while maintaining a level of sustainability.\nWhen it comes to drought-tolerant landscaping, selecting plants and materials that require little water for maintenance is key. For example, native grasses and cacti are both great options because they don't need to be watered as often as other, non-native plants. With organic pest and weed control, you'll want to use products that are both effective and environmentally friendly. For example, some people opt for homemade organic pest and we control sprays, while others purchase organic solutions from garden centers or online.\nRainwater harvesting and utilization is another great way to keep water use at a minimum in your outdoor space. By collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns, you can use the water for irrigation or drinking, depending on where you live. Not only is this good for the environment, but it's also good for your wallet-less water means lower water bills!\nAnd, finally, you might want to consider the benefits of native plant landscaping. Native plants are naturally adapted to the environment where they are found, meaning they don't require you to use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides to maintain their health. Plus, by selecting native plants, you'll be providing a valuable habitat for native wildlife.\nNo matter what kind of eco-friendly project you choose for your outdoor space, creating a beautiful and sustainable landscape starts with choosing the right plants and materials. With the help of landscape watercolors and the right eco-friendly practices, your yard or outdoor space can be transformed into a place of beauty and sustainability. So what are you waiting for? Get started today!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Preheat oven to 325°F. Place chicken in even layer on rimmed baking sheet. Bake, flipping halfway through, until fully heated through, about about 14 to 16 minutes.\n- Divide lettuce among four bowls. Top with oranges, wonton strips, almonds, carrots and cooked chicken. Drizzle sesame dressing over salad to taste. Serve and enjoy.\nTip: Packaged matchstick carrots can usually be found in the produce aisle of your local grocer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The present study was conducted with the objective to characterize the husbandry practices and phenotypic characteristics of mature Bati, Borana and Short-eared Somali goats kept under traditional management systems so that the information generated can be used in designing breeding programs. The study was covered five districts in four administrative zones of Ethiopia representing Bati (in Oromia Zone) and Kalu (in South Wollo Zone) for Bati goats; Yabello (in Borana Zone) for Borana goats and Shinille and Erer (in Siti Zone) for Short-Eared Somali goats. A total of 345 households interview was made and phenotypic measurements were taken on 601(468 females and 133 males) heads of adult goats with 4 pair of permanent incisors (PPI). However, because of difficulty of finding adequate number of 4PPI sample males, measurements were taken from 2PPI and above males. In this study, in number, goats accounted for 72.01, 50.93 and 47.38% of other livestock species in Siti, around Bati and Borana, respectively. The least square mean (±SE) of goat flock size (44.02±3.33) per household in Siti was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those observed in Borana (23.08±1.94) and Bati area (8.99±0.59). The major challenges of goat rearing in the studied areas include feed and water shortage, disease incidence and recurrent drought with different order of prioritization. Plain brown (deep and light) (51.85%) coat color was the predominant coat color observed on Bati goats of both sexes. Meanwhile, plain white coat color was most frequently observed on Borana goats (71.54%) and only 36.27% in Short-eared Somali goats. Though most quantitative traits showed slightly higher average values in the Bati goats, differences with Borana goats were not significant (p>0.05),whereas Short-eared Somali goats remained significantly (p<0.05) lower for most of the body measurement characteristics. The canonical analysis done on phenotypic measurements also put Bati and Borana goats closer by discriminating Short-eared Somali goat populations. The similarities between Bati and Borena goats and significance divergence of Short-eared Somali goats in phenotypic measurements suggested that the need of further molecular characterization study to validate information from phenotypic characterization. Correlation coefficient was consistently highest between live weight and chest girth in both sexes across the goat populations. Hence, linear measurements could be valuable to estimate live body weight for those farm communities where sensitive weighing scales are not readily available.\nKey words: Ethiopia, husbandry practices, phenotypic characteristics, indigenous goats.\nCopyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.\nThis article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The labeling industry has long been a crucial aspect of the manufacturing and packaging process. However, manual labeling equipment and techniques can be time-consuming, error-prone, and inefficient. In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards the use of automated labeling systems, which promise to revolutionize the way businesses approach labeling.\nAutomated labeling systems offer a range of benefits over manual labeling methods. They are much faster, allowing businesses to increase their production output and reduce labor costs. Manual labeling can be a tedious and time-consuming task. It is labor-intensive and needs primary skills and is constantly under pressure, leading to delays in production. Automated labeling systems, however, can operate at very high rates leading to higher production output.\nThe Advantages of Automated Labeling Systems and label equipment:\nPrimarily, they are highly accurate, reducing the risk of errors and rework. Manual labeling is prone to errors, such as incorrect labeling, missing labels, and incorrect placement of labels. Automated labeling systems, on the other hand, use advanced technology and precision engineering to ensure accurate and consistent labeling.\nThis reduces the risk of errors and rework, leading to cost savings and improved product quality. Besides, they are flexible, capable of adapting to different labeling requirements and easily integrating with existing production lines. The widespread adoption of automated labeling systems has had a significant impact on the industry as a whole.\nIt is important to choose the right labeling equipment for your specific needs and budget. Factors such as the type and shape of products, production volume, and budget will all play a role in determining the best labeling equipment for your business. The most popular types of labeling equipment:\n- Pressure-sensitive labellers: These machines use adhesive tape or labels for a wide range of products and are relatively easy to use and maintain.\n- Wrap-around labellers: These machines apply labels to cylindrical products such as bottles and cans for both front and back labeling at high-speed.\n- In-mold labellers: These machines apply labels to plastic containers during the molding process in high-volume production.\n- Shrink sleeve labellers: These machines apply labels for irregularly shaped items, and provide a high-quality finish.\n- Print and apply labellers: These machines print labels on-demand in productions where there is a high degree of flexibility, and diverse products.\nConsultation with a specialist labeling equipment supplier is always recommended to ensure that you get the right equipment that meets your specific needs and provide the best return on investment. Automated labeling systems have revolutionized the way businesses approach labeling, providing a range of benefits such as increased speed, accuracy, and flexibility.\nWhen choosing labeling equipment, it is important to consider factors such as the type and shape of products, production volume, and budget to ensure that you get the right equipment that meets your specific needs. With the right labeling equipment, businesses can improve their production output, reduce labor costs, and improve product quality, positioning themselves for success in today’s fast-paced and highly competitive market.\nThe Impact of Automated Labeling Equipment on the Industry:\nThe widespread adoption of these systems has had a significant impact on the industry, leading to increased competitiveness and new job opportunities. Businesses of all sizes are now able to take advantage of the benefits offered by these systems, leading to increased competitiveness and a higher standard of labeling across the industry. Companies that invest in automated labeling equipment will be able to improve their production output, reduce labor costs, and improve product quality, positioning themselves for success in today’s fast-paced and highly competitive market.\nAdditionally, the development of automated labeling systems has also created new job opportunities in the fields of engineering and programming. These jobs require specialized skills in areas such as robotics, automation, and computer programming, and are in high demand as more and more businesses adopt automated labeling systems. Thus, automated labeling equipment and systems have revolutionized the way businesses approach labeling, offering increased flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency. As technology continues to advance, it is likely that automated labeling systems will become an even more integral part of the manufacturing and packaging process.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Color||Black stainless steel|\n|Energy Star Qualified||Yes|\nWhirlpool 22.1 Cu. Ft. French Door Refrigerator - WRF532SMHV\nWhirlpool - WRF532SMHV\nKeep your food cool and fresh with this spacious 33-inch Whirlpool French-door refrigerator. Its efficient Accu-Chill temperature system helps create the perfect environment for any food, and its FreshFlow produce preserver ensures long-lasting freshness of greens. This Whirlpool French-door refrigerator boasts frameless glass shelves, offering a wide variety of storage options.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "During the end of 2018 and the begining of 2019, Raúl Vázquez produced these three songs for the Rock band \"En Bruto\". In the future, they will be part of their first album \"Plan de Salvación\".\nThe recordings had a great reception in the public and very good reviews in terms of production.\nProfessional equipment in use: Midas MR18 mixer; Sennheiser, Shure, Røde and Beyern Dynamic microphones. The mixing and mastering was completed with Cubase 9.0.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dr. Mohammed Abdulkader- Chairman of CAMA visited Aviation Sector to look at the work progress. During the visit, the Chairman of CAMA listened from Dr. Abdelhamid Abu Talib- Asst. Deputy Chairman of Aviation Safety Sector to a brief explanation about the work progress, performance ratio, overall activities and programs of the Sector in accordance with the international standards issued by the International Civil Aviation\nDuring the visit, the Chairman of CAMA met with the Directors General of the sector, Inspectors and discussed with them all the procedures related to Aviation Safety and Inspection works. He listened from them to a brief explanation of the nature of their duties, work progress and level of performance as well as the difficulties they are facing in their work.\nThe Chairman of CAMA stressed on the importance of working in high professionalism and in the spirit of one team in order to promote the work performance, noting the interest of CAMA's leadership in training and qualifying the cadres of the Sector to ensure the development of capabilities in the field of civil aviation. In addition, he emphasized the importance of internal training benefiting as much as possible from the Yemeni trainers who are not less efficient than their counterparts in the other countries. He looked at the constructional works of expansion that is currently taking place in the Sector's Building.\nDuring such visit, the Chairman of CAMA was accompanied by Eng. Mohammed Hameed- Asst. Deputy Chairman of Meteorology Sector.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "-1 big box of wart\n-1 box of concentrated with tomato\n-1 clove of garlic\n-1 glass of water\nTo put some olive oil in a pan and warm it warts.\nTo add the garlic and the tomato puree. To salt and to pepper.\nTo put the parsley and the water and let simmer 30mn.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "According to data from the U.S. Drought Monitor, nearly 95 percent of the State of California is currently experiencing severe to exceptional drought, and future prospects for relief look grim. It is no longer optional to cut back on water use; for the first time in state history, the governor has directed mandatory water reductions in cities and towns across California to reduce water usage by 25 percent.\nIn response to Governor Jerry Brown’s executive order, the City of Claremont has passed a resolution limiting watering to two days a week for 15 minutes at a time, which is a more than a 50 percent reduction of the College’s current watering schedule. The resolution further limits watering during colder months. To ensure Scripps College’s compliance with the water usage reduction mandate, the Board of Trustees approved funding to implement landscaping projects, shower head replacements, and a new pool filtration system.\nWhile these actions will result in some changes to the appearance of Scripps’ grounds, the College is committed to preserving the natural beauty of the campus. Work has begun in many areas, including Revelle House, Jaqua Quadrangle, Sallie Tiernan Field House pool area, south of the Rose Garden, and south of the Routt Apartments. In addition to replacing grass with hardscape and drought-tolerant plants, the College is planting groundcovers that will keep the campus green with less water. Some of these include:\n- tall and fine fescues, standard grasses that stay green year-round and do well in shade\n- Bermuda Princess 77, a grass that stays green longer than other Bermudas, but is dormant in cold months, tolerates high foot traffic, stays tight to the ground, and does well in full sun\n- Lippia Kurapia, a groundcover with inconspicuous spring flowers that stays green year-round, does well in sun/part shade, and accommodates moderate foot traffic\nFor the past two decades, Scripps College has adopted a broad range of sustainability initiatives as part of its charge to protect and preserve the environment. Our supporters share in these efforts by making gifts specifically towards continued sustainability projects around campus. Some of those transformative projects have included the implementation of the following measures:\n- Removed more than 80,000 square feet of lawns and replaced them with drought-tolerant plants\n- Replaced large, visible lawns in the center of campus with drought-tolerant grass, which will reduce water usage by 30 percent\n- Upgraded the central irrigation system to reduce water waste caused by leaks and/or overwatering\n- Intentionally planted eucalyptus, olive, oak, and sycamore trees, which require little water to maintain\n- Limited the use of fountains during the drought to three of the 21 total on campus\n- Hosted a free, public conference on water scarcity in 2013 to raise awareness of the statewide drought\nThe Claremont Colleges have responded appropriately to the drought as well, with each campus adapting to the current situation by removing turf, switching to drip systems, and replacing lawns with drought-tolerant or California native plants. And as sustainable methods become more critical, Scripps will continue to adapt practices to maintain a healthy relationship with the environment and protect our campus for the future.\nBy giving to campus enhancements and preservation at Scripps, you ensure the unique beauty of Scripps College continues to inspire you and those in our community. Click here to make a gift today!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Value-Added, Organic Produce Gain Traction in Q4\nOverall fresh produce retail prices were higher this quarter compared to Q4 2010, spurring dollar growth, but declining volume sales for some commodities. However, despite increased prices for value-added and organic produce, nearly all categories within those groups saw positive dollar and volume growth, according to the latest edition of FreshFacts on Retail, the quarterly retail research report of the United Fresh Foundation.\nThe strongest growth this quarter was seen in organic produce, which posted double-digit dollar growth and positive volume growth during the quarter vs. Q4 2010. In addition, the value-added vegetable category saw a 7 percent increase in dollars and volume.\nThe FreshFacts on Retail report, produced in partnership with the Nielsen Perishables Group and sponsored by Del Monte Fresh Produce, measures retail price and sales trends for the top 10 fruit and vegetable commodities, as well as value-added, organic and other produce categories.\nAdditional highlights of the quarterly report include:\nAverage retail prices for total produce rose 4.6 percent resulting in 3.3 percent increase in weekly dollar sales, but a volume decrease of 1.2 percent.\nSix of the top 10 fruits and eight of the top 10 vegetables posted dollar sales that exceeded Q4 2010.\nApples and avocados were the only fruit categories this quarter to increase dollars, volume and average retail price; packaged salad, peppers and mushrooms were the only vegetable categories to report the same.\nOrganic apples were the top organic fruit variety and increased nearly 24 percent in both dollar sales and volume; organic packaged salad was the top organic vegetable category, up 13 percent in dollars and volume.\nEach FreshFacts report also features a Quarterly Spotlight on one industry segment in particular. The Q4 quarterly report looks at organic produce sales and considers the categories and specific items driving sales trends. The spotlight highlights the fruits and vegetables that, regardless of higher prices compared to conventional counterparts, have shown dollar and volume growth, underscoring consumer demand for organic products.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "(215h) CFD Modeling of Particle Segregation in Gas-Solid Systems\nThis work highlights ongoing efforts to develop and improve the modeling of particle segregation and mixing in industrial-scale fluidized systems. This is of interest in systems containing particles of different densities or in systems with high levels of particle fines. In both cases, a reasonable prediction of mixing and segregation effects may be necessary for obtaining a suitable CFD model of the fluidized system. Physically, the segregation and mixing of particles in a system is determined by the interplay between differences in drag, gravitational, and buoyancy forces which drive particle segregation and particle collisions and contacting which will restrict it. In CFD approaches that are suitable for industrial-scale modeling, such as Multiphase Particle-in-Cell (MP-PIC), the drag, gravity, and buoyancy forces are readily calculated. The particle collisions and contacting phenomena, however, are not so easily included and CFD modeling of particle segregation and mixing phenomena has historically been difficult as a result. In this work, a new model has been developed for improving the modeling of particle segregation and mixing in simulations with the MP-PIC approach. The development of this model will be presented along with validation against experimental segregation data for gas-solid fluidization.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last weekend we went to play Disk golf with Kalle and some of his friends. I have to admit that this was the first time I ever heard of this type of game, but we all had a lot of fun.\nThe place where we went was a Frisbee golf course close to Masku.\nHeroes of the day: Violeta, Kalle, Mika, Toni, Teemu and Iika.\npick your weapons\nuntil you get it right\nWhat happens when you throw with too much force :]\nIn the end of the day, everyone's happy!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Incredible leaning ladder shelf oak finish leaning ladder bookshelf and your along with bookcase collection. sophisticated rustic wooden ladder rustic wooden ladder shelf ladder reviews build rustic wooden. especial wooden ladder shelf furniture step ladder shelf tier laddershelf grey ladder small wooden ladder shelf furniture and full image for america ladder shelf step posh wood ladder shelves wood ladder shelves wood ladder shelf wooden ladder shelf furniture wooden ladder. dazzling a shaped wooden ladder rustic shelving rung. clever drawerdollhouse furniture wooden ladder cheap wooden ladder shelf lots with odoria miniature wood ladder shelf storage.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "These lesser-known fruits appear in Australian stores in March and disappear again mid-June. Those in the know seek them out for their unique sweet honey-flavoured flesh that can be eaten fresh or cooked. At the end of their short season…\n5 ingredients… that’s all you’ll need to make our refreshing Mango Iced Tea!\n- Boil water, add tea bags and let steep for 10mins.\n- To make the mango puree, peel and dice ripe mangoes and blend until smooth.\n- Remove teabags, leave to cool and add mango puree.\n- Add lemon juice to taste.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Billecart-Salmon Extra Brut Champagne 750ml\n(70% Chardonnay and 30% Pinot Noir): Pale gold. High-pitched aromas of lemon, green apple and honeysuckle, with a strong mineral overtone. Taut, focused and pure, with very good clarity to its sappy orchard fruit and citrus zest flavors. The floral and mineral notes repeat on the brisk finish.\nVINOUS (JOSH RAYNOLDS) 91 points\nWINE ENTHUSIAST 91 points", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With the start the new gardening season of 2024 on the horizon, the United Kingdom’s horticultural landscape is poised for an exciting transformation. From sustainable practices to innovative designs, here are the top gardening trends that are set to blossom across the UK this year.\nNative flora flourishes:\nThe UK’s appreciation for native plants is predicted to flourish in 2024, with gardeners increasingly turning to indigenous flora to create gardens that are not only visually appealing but also supportive of local biodiversity. This trend aligns with a broader ecological consciousness, emphasizing the role that gardens play in providing habitats for native species.\nAlong with a move towards native flora, gardens across the UK are also evolving into havens for wildlife, with a growing emphasis on creating spaces that support local fauna. Bird-friendly plants, insect habitats, and bee-friendly flowers are becoming staple features, encouraging biodiversity and fostering a deeper connection with the natural world.\nCompact gardening takes centre stage:\nWith space at a premium, compact and urban gardening is thriving. Britons are redefining traditional garden spaces, turning balconies and small yards into lush green retreats. Vertical gardens, hanging planters, and creative container solutions are all the rage, proving that size and location are no limitation to a thriving garden.\nSmart gardening tech grows:\nThe digital age will continue to take hold in British gardens, with the adoption of smart gardening technology. Automated irrigation systems, weather-monitoring tools, and smart lighting are enhancing efficiency and are particularly appealing for busy gardeners, allowing them to stay connected to their green spaces even in the busiest of times.\nHeritage gardens to make a comeback:\nThe timeless allure of heritage and cottage gardens is set to experience a revival. Characterised by a mix of classic flowers, meandering pathways, and cozy seating areas, these gardens evoke a sense of nostalgia while embracing a modern twist. Expect to see the charm of yesteryears with a contemporary flair.\nEdimentals: The Fusion of ornamental and edible:\nOne of the most intriguing trends in UK gardens for 2024 is the rise of edimentals.\nEdimentals are plants that are both ornamental and edible, blurring the lines between traditional flower beds and vegetable patches. Gardeners are integrating edible plants seamlessly into their landscape designs, creating aesthetically pleasing and functional spaces.\nEdimentals encompass a wide range of plants, from colorful and flavorful herbs like basil and thyme to edible flowers such as nasturtiums and calendulas. This trend not only adds a culinary dimension to gardens but also encourages a more sustainable approach to landscaping by maximizing the utility of each plant.\nNo matter what size the space, there’s a trend for every garden enthusiast to embrace. Get ready to witness a year of sustainable, innovative, and beautifully designed outdoor spaces across the United Kingdom. Happy gardening!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tom is our Central Plains Region AG/DEF pump & meter sales representative. He has worked in agricultural sales since 2011. Tom has a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Marketing.\nHe grew up on the family farm near Richland, Iowa and has worked for a local dairy farm, Agriland Farm Service, Vermeer Manufacturing, and most recently Kinze Manufacturing. Besides working in sales, Tom is also a Certified Welder and Quality Technician. Through his varied experiences, Tom has a vast array of knowledge in agricultural needs and trends.\nTom resides in southeast Iowa with his wife and three children. He is involved in his community coaching his kids’ sports teams and is an active member of his Church.\nTo contact Tom directly call 641-660-7281 or use the form at the right.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "here we clearly see two young predators being led across a field by an orb. there is clear evidence here for inter-species communication and co-operation. as yet it is unclear as to the motives of either species or the benifits to either for thier involvement in such activities. in the report on this specific sighting it was stated that the two carnivores followed the orb into the field, kicked at the orb, ran around and chased the orb for more than half an hour and then carried the orb back out of the field in a clearly caring way. it wasn`t known whether the orb has sustained injury, become ill or otherwise needed help.\nstudy will continue.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Potato, Spinach, And Tomato Soup\n|Garlic||3 Clove (15 gm), crushed and finely chopped|\n|Onion||1 Large, chopped|\n|Extra-virgin olive oil||2 Tablespoon|\n|Chicken stock||2 Quart|\n|All purpose potato||3 Pound, peeled and thinly sliced (Russets)|\n|Spinach||1 Pound, triple-washed, stems picked and chopped coarsely|\n|Nutmeg||1⁄4 Teaspoon, ground or grated|\n|Pepper||To Taste, freshly ground|\n|Canned chunky style tomatoes||28 Ounce, crushed or diced (1 Can)|\n|Cheese||1⁄2 Cup (8 tbs), grated (Parmigiano Or Reggiano Or Romano)|\n1) Slice the potatoes.\n2) In a deep pot, heat oli and saute onion and garlic for 2-3 minutes.\n3) Add broth and let it boil.\n4) In the broth, add potatoes and cook for 20 minutes until tender and starts to break.\n5) Keep stirring the potatoes and let the broth thicken.\n6) Add spinach bunhes and cook them until wilted.\n7) Season the soup with nutemg, pepper and salt.\n8) Add tomatoes and stir for 1-2 minutes.\n9) Remove from heat to a trivet.\n10) Serve the hot soup with grated cheese on the top.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pat dry the chicken wings, sprinkle on all sides with salt then add to a Ziplock bag. Add the honey and PERi-PERi sauce to the bag and mix so all the wings are coated. Marinade for a minimum of 30 minutes, and up to overnight in the fridge.\nFor charcoal grill, the coals are ready when you can hold your hand over the grill for 5 seconds. For gas grill, aim for 400ºF. Add the chicken wings to the grill, reserving the marinade.\nCook for approximately 30 mins until the internal temperature reaches 165ºF, turning frequently so the honey doesn't burn. Baste continuously with the left over marinade from the bag.\nWhen cooked, put the wings on a platter and sprinkle with chopped cilantro.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Grinnell Tiger Wrestling Golf Tournament\nJuly 25, 2020 | Oakland Acres Golf Club - Grinnell, IA | Unspecified\n4 person best ball, $50 per person entry fee ($200 per team), 18 holes, and lunch included.\nGolfTourney.com does not guarantee accuracy or legitimacy of any links, content, information, or imagery listed on event pages. If you'd like this event to be edited or removed please reach out to GolfTourney Staff by going to our contact page. The turnaround on these requests is typically less than 48 hours. Event Source: facebook 2570670033261492\nGolf Tournaments in Grinnell, IA | Golf Tournaments near 50112, United States golf tournaments | Unspecified golf tournaments | find golf tournaments | amateur golf tournaments | golf tournaments near me | historic golf events | past golf events | local golf tournaments | local golf tourneys", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Recipe: Roasted Butternut Squash Purée with Goat Cheese\nmedium butternut squash (approximately 2 pounds)\n- 1/4 cup\ntorn fresh sage leaves\nSalt and pepper\n- 1 ounce\nsoft mild goat cheese\nHeat the oven to 375°F. Cut the squash in half through the stem and scoop out the seeds. Brush the flesh with a light coating of olive oil, season with salt and pepper, and then divide the sage leaves between each squash cavity.\nPlace each squash cut-side down on a rimmed baking sheet. Roast for 50 to 60 minutes, or until very tender. Remove the baking sheet from the oven and let the squash cool for about 5 minutes, until cool enough to handle.\nScoop out the flesh and discard the skin. Then transfer to a regular blender, or transfer to a large bowl and use an immersion blender to purée the squash. Add the goat cheese and adjust the seasoning as needed, then blend again until the cheese is combined. Serve immediately.\nThis recipe has been updated — originally published August 2007.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Spikeless Golf Shoes Women\nSpikeless women's golf shoes have become increasingly popular among golf enthusiasts in recent years because of the many benefits they offer. Duca del Cosma has been a leader in the development of spikeless women's golf shoes from the beginning, and you can feel the difference! In this text, we will delve deeper into the characteristics and benefits of our spikeless women's golf shoes and why they are an excellent choice for women who love golfing. And of course, a large part of our women's golf shoes are waterproof, ensuring dry and comfortable feet during the wetter days on the golf course.\nFirstly, it is important to understand what spikeless golf shoes are and how they differ from traditional spiked shoes. As the name suggests, spikeless golf shoes do not have metal spikes under the sole, which traditional spiked shoes have. Instead, spikeless golf shoes are equipped with small studs under the sole to provide good grip on the golf course. One of the main benefits of spikeless golf shoes for women is the comfort they provide. With no metal spikes, these shoes have a softer and more flexible sole, resulting in less pressure on the feet while walking and reduced risk of blisters and friction. Additionally, the softer sole allows for more freedom of movement, making you less fatigued and better able to focus on the game. This can result in better performance and a better golf experience. At Duca del Cosma, we pay close attention to optimizing the sole. We have developed women's golf shoes for every type of player that fits their swing and golf technique. Another advantage of spikeless women's golf shoes is their versatility. Unlike traditional spiked shoes, spikeless golf shoes can be worn both on and off the golf course. These shoes often have a stylish look that can easily be paired with various outfits. This makes them suitable not only for the golf course but also for everyday use. When you think of Duca del Cosma, you think contemporary. Whether you prefer a classic or a sporty style, you'll find the Duca del Cosma signature in our shoes!\nBest Spikeless Golf Shoes Women\nAdditionally, spikeless women's golf shoes are generally lighter in weight than traditional spiked shoes. This can help reduce fatigue and conserve energy during a round of golf. This allows you to stay on the golf course longer and enjoy your golf experience more. Another benefit of spikeless women's golf shoes is that they are easier to clean than traditional spiked shoes. Metal spikes can easily collect mud and dirt, which can lead to reduced grip and performance on the golf course. Spikeless golf shoes, on the other hand, have no metal spikes and are easier to clean, increasing the durability of the shoes and ensuring a good grip on the golf course at all times.\nThe best spikeless women's golf shoes offer excellent grip on the golf course. Although they do not have metal spikes, the studs under the sole are specially designed to provide stability and traction on the greens. This allows you to concentrate on the game and have full control over your swing. All in all, Duca del Cosma's spikeless women's golf shoes are an excellent choice. Experience the comfort for yourself!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Simple Butternut Soup\n1 butternut squash (about two pounds), halved and seeded\n1 vidalia or sweet onion, peeled and quartered\n1 sweet potato, peeled and quartered\n½ tsp curry\n¼ tsp nutmeg\nDash of hot sauce (or to taste)\n2 cups vegetable broth\nSalt and pepper to taste\nHalf and half (optional)\nPreheat oven to 300°. Coat a 13” x 9” baking pan with non stick cooking spray. Place squash cut side down on baking dish and arrange onion and potato sections around it. Bake for 1 hour or until vegetables are tender. When squash is cool enough to handle, remove skin and discard.\nIn food processor or blender (by batches), blend together squash, onion, potato, curry, nutmeg and hot sauce until smooth. Add vegetable broth as necessary to thin.\nTransfer squash mixture to saucepan, add vegetable broth and heat over medium heat for 5 minutes. Season to taste with salt and pepper. If desired, add a splash of half-and-half before serving.\n6 servings, 120 calories per serving\nHack: Fresh peeled and cubed butternut squash can be purchased in the produce department of the grocery store. Frozen butternut squash can also be used.\nHack: Place serving sized portions of leftovers in freezer bags and freeze for future use.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You will love these moreish wraps filled with roasted chicken in a sticky pomegranate molasses marinade, crispy lettuce, fresh herbs, pickles and moosir mayo.\nThis is an easy recipe and will be familiar territory for you if you have, as most people have these days, cooked and / or eaten some kind of wrap. If not, it is still an easy recipe to follow and worth getting your hands on the two ingredients you may not have to hand – pomegranate molasses and moosir (Persian shallots).\nWhat is Pomegranate Molasses?\nPomegranate molasses is a thick syrup with a dark grape colour made from reducing pomegranate juice. The juice is obtained from a tart variety of pomegranate. You can pick up pomegranate molasses (rob-e-anar) from most Middle-Eastern food shops, online or even at some local supermarkets.\nIt is deliciously tart but the addition of maple syrup and freshly squeezed orange juice balances the favours perfectly for this marinade and complements the chicken. As with all marinades, the longer you leave it the better. So if you have time to marinate your chicken overnight (thighs with skin on and bone in preferably) this will allow the chicken to absorb all the delicious flavours.\nWhat is Moosir?\nMoosir is a Persian shallot and has a flavour profile similar to garlic but slightly sweeter and less spicy. They grow wild in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. They have to be found and dug out of the earth – a similar process to truffles. Commonly used in a yoghurt dip called Maast-o-Moosir, this ingredient adds an amazingly distinctive flavour to dishes. You can buy moosir from most Middle-Eastern food shops or online.\nMoosir is bought in its dried form and will need to be rehydrated before use. Soak the moosir in water for 3 to 24 hours. Drain, then rinse in cold water and pat dry. Check the moosir and cut out any stems that remain hard after soaking. I have added the moosir to the mayonnaise for the chicken wraps. Once hydrated, chop the moosir finely and mix with mayonnaise. If you cannot get your hands on this Persian shallot, then you can use garlic. I would recommend steeping the cloves in boiled water before mincing and adding to the mayonnaise to temper the raw garlic.\nHow to Make Sticky Pomegranate Chicken Wraps\n- Marinade the chicken thighs. Put the chicken, onion, garlic, turmeric, cinnamon, pomegranate molasses, tomato purée, sriracha, maple syrup, orange juice, seasoning and olive oil in a mixing bowl and mix to coat evenly. Cover, place in the fridge and let it marinate for a minimum of 4 hours (preferably overnight).\n- Make the Moosir Mayo. Place the mayonnaise in a bowl and add your minced moosir and refrigerate until you are ready to serve.\n- Cook the chicken thighs. Heat the oven to 200°C/180°C fan/gas 6. Transfer the chicken and its marinade to a shallow roasting tin. Roast for 40-45 minutes, until the chicken and onions have caramelised and are sticky. Remove the chicken from the oven and leave to rest for 10 minutes.\n- Prepare the wraps and condiments. Take your tortillas, wrap them in foil and place them in the oven to heat for about 15 mins. Then remove them from the oven and turn off the heat. Scatter the chicken with the fresh mint and pomegranate seeds.\n- Build the wrap. Take a wrap and spread a layer of moosir mayo on it. Then add shredded lettuce, sliced chicken (removed from the bone) and caramelised onions, topping with Torshi Soorati (pickled red cabbage and onion) or other pickle, the chopped fresh herbs and pomegranate seeds. Roll up the wrap and tuck in.\nServe these wraps with wedges – sweet potatoes are a great accompaniment.\nSticky Pomegranate Chicken Wraps\nFor the chicken\n- 8 free-range chicken thighs (skin-on, bone-in)\n- 1 large red onion (finely sliced)\n- 4 cloves garlic (crushed)\n- 1/2 tsp turmeric\n- 1 tsp cinnamon\n- 3 tbsp pomegranate molasses\n- 1 tbsp tomato purée\n- 1 tbsp sriracha chilli sauce\n- 2 tbsp maple syrup\n- Juice of half an orange\n- 2 tbsp olive oil\n- Salt and pepper (to taste)\nFor the Moosir Mayo\n- 1/2 cup mayonnaise (8 tbsp)\n- 6 discs of dried moosir (rehydrate the moosir the night before by soaking in water. Rinse then pat dry before mincing and adding to mayo).\n- 8 large tortilla wraps\n- Crunchy lettuce (Romaine or iceberg - shredded)\n- Torshi Soorati or other pickle of your choice\n- Fresh coriander, mint and parsley (chopped) and pomegranate seeds (for garnish and sprinkling in the wraps)\n- Score each chicken thigh twice with a knife through the skin and into the meat. Then place in a bowl. Add onion, garlic, turmeric, cinnamon, pomegranate molasses, tomato purée, sriracha, maple syrup, orange juice, seasoning and olive oil and mix to coat evenly. Cover, place in fridge and let it marinate for a minimum of 4 hours (preferably overnight). About 1 hour before cooking, remove from the fridge and set aside to come up to room temperature.\n- Place mayonnaise in a bowl and add minced moosir. Stir and refrigerate until you are ready to serve.\n- Heat the oven to 200°C/180°C fan/gas 6.\n- Transfer chicken and marinade to a shallow roasting tin, then roast for 40-45 minutes, until chicken and onions are caramelised and sticky. Remove from oven and leave to rest for 10 minutes. Garnish chicken with the fresh mint and pomegranate seeds.\n- About 5 minutes before removing your chicken from the oven, take tortillas, wrap them in foil and place them in oven to heat for about 15 mins. Then remove them from oven and turn off heat.\n- Build a wrap by spreading a layer of moosir mayo on it, adding shredded lettuce, layering with sliced chicken (removed from the bone) and caramelised onions. Top with Torshi Soorati or other pickle, the chopped fresh herbs and pomegranate seeds. Roll up the wrap and tuck in.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As IMSLP grows, and grows, it is difficult to keep track of all necessary changes to keep up-to-date translations and the quality of the translation. For that reason I'd like to propose the installation and use of the mediawiki extension Extension:Translate\nIt is possible than the old system and the extension's system coexist for a while, and if everything works fine, then it would be possible to migrate to the new system gradually. The extension supports in-wiki-page-text translations.\nWhat are your thoughts about this? Is it worth the effort?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Brian McRae Season Stats\nRicky Bottalico Season Stats\nWrigley Field - July 29, 1995 (Back to Lineups)\nAndy Van Slyke\nOnly the Last Pitch is\nRicky Bottalico is the new pitcher for the Phillies. McRae hits a ball on the ground towards third. Hayes fields it and throws to first for the out.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "OMG Sprout Mix\nIntroducing our delicious and healthy salad bowl - the 'OMG Sprout Mix'! Packed with an array of fresh and tasty ingredients, this salad is a perfect combination of flavor and nutrition.\nOur salad bowl contains mixed sprouts, cucumber, cherry tomatoes, peanuts, microgreens, lettuce, lemon, and sesame seeds. Each ingredient is carefully selected to ensure that every bite is packed with essential vitamins and minerals.\nThe mixed sprouts are a great source of Vitamin K, C, and Fiber, while the cucumber provides hydration and is a source of Vitamin C and K. Cherry tomatoes add a touch of sweetness and are rich in Vitamin A and C, while the peanuts provide a good source of protein, fiber, and healthy fats. The microgreens and lettuce are loaded with antioxidants and provide essential vitamins and minerals, while the lemon adds a refreshing twist of citrus flavor. Lastly, the sesame seeds add a nutty flavor and are a great source of healthy fats.\nOur 'OMG Sprout Mix' is perfect for anyone looking to add more nutrients to their diet. It's a great way to get your daily dose of essential vitamins and minerals in one delicious meal. It's also vegan, gluten-free, and keto-friendly.\nWe recommend consuming this salad within 2-3 days of purchase to enjoy its freshness and maximum benefits. Try it today and see why it's the perfect choice for a healthy and nutritious meal!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Easter celebrates Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead.\nIt is Christianity’s most important holiday.\nFor those celebrating Easter, here’s a simple appetizer idea\nto serve your family and guests.\nDeviled Eggs are great appetizers. If you want to try something a little different using eggs, how about combining egg salad and greens. It’s as simple as making egg salad and scooping a portion on a leaf green. That’s it.\nA VISUAL GUIDE TO SALAD GREENS\nHere are a few leaf greens suggestions.\nThis is a loose recipe. Meaning, you can add more or less ingredients to the eggs. Just scale it to the amount of eggs used. It’s your egg salad. Get creative!\nEGG SALAD WRAPS\nRecipe by Carmen Ortiz of sometimes SAVORY\ncourse ground black pepper\nred pepper flakes\npaprika, to garnish. optional\nLeaf Greens, such as looseleaf lettuce, romaine, butterhead lettuce, escarole, endive etc.\n1) Boil eggs in water until hard-boiled.\n2) Place hot, cooked eggs in cold water to cool down.\n3) Remove eggs from water. Remove egg shells.\n4) Dry the eggs with a paper towel.\n5) Chop eggs. Place chopped eggs in a bowl.\n6) Add salt, pepper, sriracha sauce, red pepper flakes and mayonnaise to chopped eggs.\n7) Mix egg salad until combined.\n8) Rinse leaf greens.\n9) Dry leaf greens using paper towels or a salad spinner.\n10) Place greens on a serving platter.\n11) Scoop a portion of the egg salad over each leaf green.\n12) Sprinkle with paprika. Optional.\nHave a Blessed Easter!\nsometimes SAVORY…cooking is art revealed\nNOTE: Dessert recipes can be found on my dessert blog, Baking is my Zen.\nPhotography by Carmen Ortiz ~All Rights Reserved.\nNot to be used without permission.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Adding a humidity switch for an exhaust fanIt’s not practical and efficient to run the bathroom exhaust fan every time there isn’t the need for that. There is an easy and good way to save money. You can buy a secondary swith that will turn on the fan only when it’s needed.\nTools and materials that you’ll need:\n- electrical tape\n- Phillips screwdriver\n- flat screwdriver\n- drywall saw\n- 2 feet of 14-2 romex\n- 3 wire nuts\nStep1. Ceiling opening\nYou need to cut an opening in the ceiling or wall, big enough for the fan to fit. The size should be 1.75 inches across by 3.5 inches up and down. The sides of the opening should be at about 1 inch from the fan cover.\nOpen 2 of the wire entry points on the back of the box. You can now mount the box next to the exhaust fan.\nStep3. power supply\nOpen the cover of the junction box that supplies power to the fan. Disconnect the supply wire from the fan. Route supply wires into the box you have mounted. Route the romex you bought between the 2 boxes.\nConnect the fan wires to the romex. Replace the cover.\nInsert the other end of the romex into the new box. Make connections between the supp;y wires of the fan and the switch. You may need to use screw terminals or nuts.\nStep6. Finishing up\nIt’s much easier to install the humidity switch next to the primary switch, than installing it next to the fan. But, as vapors rise up in the bathroom, it’s more effective to put the switch next to the fan.\n|air conditioner, Air Conditioning, bathroom air conditioner, bathroom exhaust fan, bathroom fan, exhaust fan, humidity switch, humidity switch exhaust fan|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sunpride Apple Juice\nDiscover the finest apple juice from the hillside orchards of The World. Only the best Apples make it into Sunpride apple juice which is demonstrated through the mouth watering taste delivered in every glass. Apple are a great source of super antioxidants which are beneficial for a health heart.\nSunpride Orange Juice\nWith Oranges from the the finest groves in The Americas, Sunpride have produced this wonderful, refreshing orange juice made from concentrate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Marketable Mashups: The World Needs These Books!\nThis is the time of year when everyone is posting lists of books they’ve read. But what about all the books we WANT to read? And more importantly, what about all the books we WISH we could re…\nPost to Tumblr", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This Quick Asparagus Corn Salad is the perfect summer side dish with a homemade vinaigrette that you can customize to your preferred taste.\nAsparagus is one of our family’s FAVORITE vegetables and we have a couple of patches that we all pick when it’s in season in the spring. But sometimes we have to get creative with it towards the end of the season and that’s where this Quick Asparagus Corn Salad comes in.\nQuick Asparagus Corn Salad\nBarbara made this salad for a get together with ingredients she had on hand. (Aren’t those the best recipes?)\nYou can use canned corn but its so much better with fresh corn from the cob or frozen sweet corn.\nWhen it comes to the vinaigrette, feel free to substitute ingredients for those you have in you pantry OR for those that have flavors you and your family prefer.\nCreate your own vinaigrette with something sweet (sugar, honey, agave, etc.), something acidic (vinegar, citrus juice, mustard), and an oil (olive oil, canola oil), and salt and pepper (as much or as little of each that you want).\n- 4 cups asparagus washed and trimmed\n- 1 cup corn drained\n- 1/4 cup sugar\n- 2 Tablespoons olive oil\n- 2 Tablespoons red wine vinegar\n- 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard\n- 1/2 teaspoon salt\n- Freshly ground black pepper\nWash asparagus, discarding woody ends. Break into bite size pieces.\nBlanch asparagus in salted water for 1 to 2 minutes.\nImmediately transfer asparagus into ice water to stop the cooking process.\nOnce asparagus is cold to touch, drain and pat dry.\nIn a bowl, mix together sugar, olive oil, red wine vinegar, Dijon mustard, salt and pepper (to taste).\nAdd asparagus and corn, and mix until the vegetables are coated.\nServe immediately or chill in refrigerator until ready to eat.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a large pot with plenty of salted water, boil the potatoes until they are tender when a fork is inserted, about 10 to 12 minutes. Drain and let the potatoes cool until you can handle them.\nWith a melon baller, remove a scoop from each potato. Combine the cheese, butter, and cream. Taste, and add salt and pepper, as needed. Spoon or pipe the cheese mixture into the potatoes.\nGarnish with a fine sprinkling of parsley. *Cook's Note: Add a tiny dollop of red caviar to carry out your egg theme, if you wish!\nStand potatoes on cut end on a platter to serve.\nCheck Out Our\nGet a sneak-peek of the new Food Network recipe page and give us your feedback.See it Now!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Assessing the potential consequences of climate change for England's landscapes: Humberhead Levels.\nThis study, which was undertaken in 2010, considered the vulnerability of the natural environment to climate change in the Humberhead Levels National Character Area. It was one of a series of studies carried out by Natural England to explore the potential consequences of climate change for the natural environment across England and to consider appropriate adaptation options. The Humberhead Levels is a broad floodplain at the head of the Humber Estuary; a largely agricultural area containing a number of important rivers flowing into the estuary and wetlands associated with them, and nationally important areas of lowland peat bog. The vulnerability of the natural environment in the Humberhead Levels NCA was assessed by considering how exposed it is to changes in climatic conditions, how sensitive it is to those changes (including its ability to adapt, which can be influenced by its current condition), and how much scope there is for conservation management to promote adaptation. This assessment of vulnerability was based on the best available scientific knowledge of how climate change might affect the natural environment and discussions with local experts. The assessment considered both landscape assets (biodiversity, heritage, soils and geology) and its ecosystem service functions. It is hoped that the findings of this study of climate change vulnerabilities and potential adaptation options will provide a useful starting point for adaptation in the Humberhead Levels. The actions described in the study are designed to increase the adaptive capacity of the natural environment in the area to the impacts of climate change and ensure that society continues to enjoy the benefits the environment currently provides. While some of the impacts of climate change on the natural environment are uncertain, adaptation action taken now will improve the resilience of the natural environment to change whether this is from climate change or other pressures, and provide a range of other benefits.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "6ft Wood Fence Panels For those who personal and keep a garden, contemplate enhancing your garden with garden fencing. After all, you place plenty of work and delight into your garden so go ahead and present it off a little. Three nice options for fencing your garden are: picket, vinyl and trellis.\nPicket fencing can differ in height. When you have several flowers which can be tall, corresponding to tulips or black-eyed susans, you may wish to use a low picket fence so that the flowers can simply be seen. However, you probably have crops and flowers of various heights, contemplate putting in a 3 foot high fence with a gate. Depart the gate partially open so passer-bys can catch a glimpse of your garden. Picket fencing is usually made out of wood that is painted white or vinyl.\nFor those who're trying to have some privateness in your garden space, then contemplate going with vinyl fencing. These fences ranged from four feet to six feet tall. Each panel consists of six or more posts. Usually you may have a alternative of rounded, squared or pointed publish tops. Vinyl fencing holds up properly in most kinds of weather. In case your garden contains a small pond or a water fountain, then this may be a great option. It can discourage animals and young children from coming into the garden.\nTrellis fencing is a superb garden fencing choice you probably have crops that spread rapidly. Relying in your finances and your desire, trellis fencing will be made from wrought iron, wood or even sturdy plastic. Trellis fencing is made out of criss-cross material which makes it straightforward for crops to weave themselves in and out of the openings. At the start of the garden you can place a trellis as a welcoming entrance to the garden. Morning Glories and other flowers will wrap across the trellis.\nRelying on the placement of your garden, you may only need to fence a portion of it. For example in case your garden is between your own home and garage, then don't put up fencing by the home or garage, just fence the other sides. In case your garden is out again in an open space, contemplate giving a singular design to your garden fencing. There's no rule that says you must fence in a straight line.\nNo matter type of garden fencing you select, you may be setting your garden other than the others within the neighborhood. You may also uncover that you'll wish to spend more time in your garden. 6ft Wood Fence Panels", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introducing the girls... :)\nSuzy- a Light Sussex Bantam- she should lay creamy to light brown eggs.\nHermione- is a Blue Laced Wyandotte Bantam (the brown hen in the photo)- she should lay light to rich brown eggs.\nPriscilla (Cilla to her friends)- she is a Barred Plymouth Rock Bantam- she should lay light (or pinkish) to medium brown eggs.\nand Flo- she is a White Silkie Bantam- she should lay light coloured eggs.\nNow we got Flo the day after the other girls but has settled in easily- we were a bit concerned as introducing new hens to a group is normally tricky but as this was only the day after we got the others it was very easily done with no real squabbling.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mix the kosher salt, fresh ground pepper, oregano, thyme, and rosemary in a bowl. Rub each piece of chicken generously with spice and herb mix.\nIn large frying pan, heat the oil. Add the onions, garlic and capers and the chicken, skin side down in the pan. Drizzle the lemon juice over the top. Cook for 15 minutes over medium heat, then turn chicken thighs and cook the other side for another 15 minutes. Remove the chicken from the pan and set aside.\nDeglaze the pan with the wine. Add the greens, vinegar, pepper flakes, brown sugar and mustard. Cook for about 10 minutes moving the greens over the entire pan to incorporate all of the flavors. When greens are tender, add couscous and stir for about a minute, then add the broth and stir well. Put a lid on and cook for 10 minutes. Lay chicken on the top of the couscous, pouring any juices into the mix. Cover and cook for 5 more minutes until couscous is puffy. Sprinkle with crumbled feta and lemon slices.\nServe with 2016 Mediterranean Vineyards Albariño", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Authored by Rodney Southern in Food and Cooking\nPublished on 07-08-2009\nDown in the south, making the perfect tomato sandwich is a skill that you must have. Tomato sandwiches are a delicacy. The best tomato sandwiches will leave you full, but still ready for another. Making the perfect tomato sandwich is all about the order and the ingredients. If you get it right, you will have the best sandwich you have ever put in your mouth. Here is how to make the perfect tomato sandwich step by step.\nThe first thing to do for a perfect tomato sandwich is to go outside and pick your tomato. If you do not pick it right off the vine, then you are never going to have the perfect tomato sandwich. It should be bright red, and about the size of a man’s fist. If it is too ripe, it will not be good. If it is not ripe enough, then it will taste a bit bitter. Find the tomato that is perfectly red and firm.\nThe next thing to do is to take out your homemade bread. If you do not have homemade bread, then your tomato sandwich will never be perfect. Your homemade bread can be sourdough, or wheat. These are the two best options for the perfect tomato sandwich.\nTake your perfect tomato, and slice it into 1/4 inch slices. This is the perfect thickness for a tomato sandwich. Take four slices of tomato and place it on the bread. One slice should go in the upper corner, with each succeeding slice in the other three corners. This will leave a fat spot in the middle of the tomato sandwich. That is okay, as it will be the tastiest part of the sandwich.\nNext, you want to take real mayonnaise and spread it on the other side of the bread. If you are really wanting to pack on the calories, you can add it on the other side too. The best way to make it perfect is to slather the mayo on one side. Do not put a ton on there, but do not just put a thin layer either.\nFinally, you will take some salt and pepper and give a good shake of each on either side of the perfect tomato sandwich. This is up to you as far as taste.\nOnce you have your perfect tomato sandwich made, then you can pour yourself a tall glass of iced tea. Sit back in a great rocking chair, and enjoy!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cranberry (करौंदा) is not as sweet as other fruits, but definitely different from every other fruit because of its slightly bitter taste and that’s what makes it a bit different.Red in color, cranberry fruit is grown in evergreen areas of North America where people used it not only as food and medicine but also in making dyes for clothes and blankets.The cranberry juice intake in the morning gives you a kick to start your day with a bang.They have been considered as superfruits since the dawn of 21st century because of the rich nutrient and antioxidant properties.The Cranberry juice is found to be one of the healthiest juices only if natural.\nNUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CRANBERRIES\n- One cup of cranberries contains 8983 antioxidant capacity.\n- It also contains Vitamin C and Salicylic acid.\n- It also nourishes the body with various proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals.\nBENEFITS OF CRANBERRY JUICE\nThe benefits of Cranberry Juice are more than we actually know.There are so many natural medicinal properties of Cranberries.The Native Americans used cranberries on their wounds.The phytonutrients present in the fruit prevents the body from many health problems.Let us have a look at some health benefits of Cranberry Juice :\n1.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR URINARY TRACTION INFECTION (UTI)\nWhen the microorganisms in the urine increase beyond the limit, then the infection occurs. The phytonutrients present in the juice prevents the bacteria to bind to the walls of the bladder and also prevents the bacteria to multiply.The Juice makes the urine more acidic and hence creates an environment not suitable for the bacteria to survive thus helps in getting relief from infection.This is one of the best benefits of Cranberry Juice.\n2.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR TUMORS\nThe berries contain antioxidant compounds called polyphenols which helps in stopping the growth of the carcinogens.That makes it capable enough to fight against every type of tumor.\n3.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR HEART HEALTH\nThe cranberry juice is also capable of preventing the heart from diseases. Flavonoids are present in the cranberry helps in reducing the risks of high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels which helps in maintaining good health of the heart.\n4.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR TOOTH DECAY\nCranberry juice is also considered to prevent tooth decay. Cranberries contain Proanthocyanidin which inhibits the growth of plaque-causing bacteria and helps in preventing the decay of tooth by forming cavities around teeth.\nSKIN BENEFITS OF CRANBERRY JUICE\nCranberries are very beneficial in maintaining the skin health naturally.The juice acts as the natural moisturizer which helps in improving the glow of the skin and doesn’t let it dry.The application of crushed cranberries can also be beneficial for the overall health of the skin. Let us have a read :\n1.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR ANTI AGEING\nThe consumption of Cranberry juice every day not only improves the health of the cells but also prevents the skin from any damage because of environmental factors.The antioxidants supply the missing electrons to the free radicals present in the skin and hence reduces the formation of wrinkles and prevent aging.\n2.CRANBERRY JUICE ACTS AS A TONER\nThe acidic nature of the cranberry juice helps people to manage problems related to oily skin. Apply cranberry juice mixed with honey on the face and let it be for 20 minutes.Now wash the face with lukewarm water, it acts as a toner.\n3.CRANBERRY JUICE FOR ACNE TREATMENT\nThe cranberry juice benefits the acne and boils on the skin because of its antiseptic properties. Resveratrol, an antioxidant found in the cranberry juice helps in effectively minimizing acne and pimples on the skin. Just apply the fresh cranberry juice with no additives on the skin and see the glow when you wash off the face.\nBENEFITS OF CRANBERRY JUICE FOR HAIRS\n1.PROMOTES GROWTH OF HAIRS\nThe cranberry juice contains Vitamin A & Vitamin C, which helps in the growth of hairs and promotes healthy hairs. If we consume Cranberry Juice daily, it also helps in reducing the hair loss.\n2.CRANBERRY JUICE PREVENTS PSORIASIS AND ALOPECIA\nThe cranberry juice is effective in controlling the hair dandruff and scalp related problems. The juice is able to control these because of the antiseptic and antifungal properties present in the Cranberry Juice. The application of Cranberry juice on the scalp helps in reducing these problems related to hairs.\n3.CRANBERRY JUICE AS NATURAL COLOR FOR HAIRS\nApply Cranberry juice mixed with some water after washing the hairs. The Cranberry Juice works great on the dark color shades and highlights rich red hue on the hairs in the sunlight.\nWe have tried to make everyone aware of some very important home remedies which can be done sitting at home.We hope all of you would not as “How cranberry juice is beneficial for Health”. Keep sharing if you like what we write!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tariffs Tariffs section shuts down at the second use after downloading the app. Each time we need to check it, we have to uninstall and reinstall the app which is not pleasant at all\nMany problems Signing in impossible .but very useful app if working.\nthe tariff sectionn close eveey time i have to open it. this section is the important tape to be open for roaming\n💘 GOD BLESS YOU VERY GOOD WORK THANKS 💘\nStupid this apps\nexcellent app very useful\nFixed login issue", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hasselback Sweet Potatoes with Garlic and SageRecipe by: Noreen Wasti\nNothing completes a Thanksgiving feast quite like a hearty potato side dish. Brightland’s Chef in Residence, Noreen Wasti, has created a recipe for Hasselback Sweet Potatoes using ARDOR to add a kick of spice to the dinner table.\n\"Coming at you with another simple Thanksgiving and holiday season side — hasselback sweet potatoes with garlic, aromatic sage, and ARDOR for a kick of heat. It’s a really dialed down ingredient list that can easily be adapted to the number of people at your table. As a side dish think 1 sweet potato per guest which uses 1 clove of garlic + 1/2 Tbsp sage + 1 Tbsp ARDOR. The recipe below is for 6, but you can increase or decrease the quantity as needed. A lovely way to serve these sweet potatoes is on a platter with a bed of sage leaves — it’s a simple and elegant way to elevate your table spread (fragrant too)!\" - Noreen Wasti\n- 6 sweet potatoes, scrubbed\n- 6 cloves garlic, peeled and minced\n- 3 Tbsp chopped fresh sage\n- Salt, to taste\n- 6 tbsp of Brightland ARDOR Chili Olive Oil\n- 1 Preheat oven to 425F.\n- 2 Hasselback the sweet potatoes — using a cutting board and a sharp knife, carefully cut very thin, straight slits into the potato without going all the way through. The thinner the cuts, the better. Make sure the potato is stable so that you don’t cut yourself. If it rolls around too much, cut a piece off the bottom so that it sits flat. Repeat for all the sweet potatoes and season with salt.\n- 3 In a small mixing bowl, mix together the garlic, sage, ARDOR, and salt.\n- 4 Place the sweet potatoes on a large sheet pan and drizzle the garlic sage ARDOR mixture evenly over the potatoes, really get it into all the little nooks and crannies.\n- 5 Roast for 30 minutes and then reduce the temperature to 350F and cook for an additional 15 minutes until the flesh of the sweet potatoes is completely tender.\n- 6 Transfer to a platter to serve.\nImages by Noreen Wasti.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Light and photosynthesis essay\nShort essay on photosynthesis\nThe enzyme needed for this is called RUBP carboxylase. Niel suggested that water is the hydrogen donor in the oxidation-reduction that occurs in photosynthesis. We can see anatomical differences between C3 and C4 leaves. Cells which were permitted to multiply rapidly became irreversibly bleached, whereas cells prevented from dividing regained their normal ability to produce chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide enters single-celled and aquatic autotrophs through no specialized structures, diffusing into the cells. In photosynthesis, plants take carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil, and use the energy from the sunlight to convert them into food The 3-carbon sugar is now built up to a 6-carbon sugar which can be converted into starch for storage.\nNot all the 3-carbon sugar PGAL is converted into 6-carbon sugar. The chlorophyll bearing plants trap the free energy of sunlight as photons and transform and store it as chemical potential energy by combining CO2 and water.\nPhotosynthesis essays in biochemistry\nWe should be more appreciate of plants, without them we would not survive. Fill in the following answers as you watch. It will be very interesting to see how light will influence the rate of photosynthesis in plants and what will happen if they do not get the required light in order to produce starch. Although, photosynthesis is atmospheric carbon dioxide is removed and transformed into oxygen and carbohydrates Halobacteria, which grow in extremely salty water, are facultative aerobes, they can grow when oxygen is absent. Geraniums are dicotyledonous plants that are found in the hot and dry regions of South Africa. The reactions in this process were worked out by Melvin Calvin shown below. This is now called the Hill reaction. Both \"active\" forms of chlorophyll a function in photosynthesis due to their association with proteins in the thylakoid membrane. This results in the formation of ATP. Light or photochemical reactions: Robert Hill found that when isolated chloroplasts illuminated, they produced oxygen and acquired reducing properties. The plant I have chosen to do is a Geranium which is a dicotyledonous plant found in the dry and hot regions of South Africa. C-4 plants evolved in the tropics and are adapted to higher temperatures than are the C-3 plants found at higher latitudes. Image from Purves et al.\nThis results in fish kills and changes in soil pH which can alter the natural vegetation and uses of the land. Only eukaryotes have chloroplasts with a surrounding membrane.\nOne of the electron carriers is an iron-containing protein called ferredoxin. Learning Objectives Back to Top After completing this chapter you should be able to: Study the general equation for photosynthesis and be able to indicate in which process each reactant is used and each product is produced.\nThey belong to the Geraniaceae family and the Plantae kingdom. The plant I have chosen to do is a Geranium which is a dicotyledonous plant found in the dry and hot regions of South Africa.\nIntroduction to photosynthesis essay\nThe molecular structure of chlorophylls. C4 plants: Some plants like cane-type plants such as sugar cane and maize, use another compound, phosphoenol pyruvic acid PEP instead of ribulose biphosphate, as the substrate for carbon dioxide fixation in certain of their cells. All photosynthetic organisms plants, certain protistans, prochlorobacteria, and cyanobacteria have chlorophyll a. Garab Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive. When Photosynthesis occurs it takes in the co2 from the atmosphere and releases oxygen as a bi product The order of colors is determined by the wavelength of light.\nPlants also produce some carbon dioxide by their respiration, but this is quickly used by photosynthesis. The hydroxyl ion donates an electron to chlorophyll and the OH resulting from this forms water and oxygen.\nEssay on photosynthesis and cellular respiration\nPigments have their own characteristic absorption spectra, the absorption pattern of a given pigment. The energy transfer is similar to the chemiosmotic electron transport occurring in the mitochondria. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b absorb some of the energy in the green wavelength. Therefore, with a higher rate of photosynthesis, a higher amount of plant growth would be supplemented Evans Related Articles:. Learning Objectives Back to Top After completing this chapter you should be able to: Study the general equation for photosynthesis and be able to indicate in which process each reactant is used and each product is produced. Because of this, such plants are called C4 plants in contrast to those that produce 3-carbon PGA which are known as C3 plants. Cottonwood trees, for example, will lose gallons of water per hour during hot desert days. This pathway is non-cyclic phosphorylation.\nbased on 87 review", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chutney with coconut & mango from Nicolas Vahé with a wonderful and intense flavor that is both tangy and sweet at the same time. The chutney is perfect for dishes with pork, rice and shellfish. Once opened: consume within 1 week and store in a cold place.\nSize: 150 g (5.3 oz)\nIngredients: 42% mango, apple, onion, 9% coconut milk (93% coconut milk and coconut grated, sugar, sodium casinate (@milk)), cane sugar, sunflower oil, cider vinegar, 0,8% coconut shavings (80% dried coconut, sugar, water, humectant (glycerol), coconut flavoring, salt), ginger, salt, spices.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ButtonBandits received their imported PlayStation 3 Rock Band earlier in the week (review coming soon). Within a few hours the guitar began to experience a lack of response when pushing the strum-bar down. This soon turned into no response at all. Strumming upwards still worked perfectly but proved a lot more difficult than when using down-strum. Fully aware of not being able to make use of the products warranty due to lack of residence in the US, the decision was made to take the guitar appart and try and fix it.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Calçots with Romesco\nThe calçot is a variety of spring onion that is very typical of Catalonia, especially in the southern areas. It is prepared between the months of January and March which is its harvest season.\nThe calçot has been found to have a significant content in anti-carcinogenic compounds.\nFirst of all the charcoal grill or fire has to be prepared. Some dry branches are arranged and set alight and left until only the glowing coals are left.\nClean the calçots, removing their top layer which usually has some earth on it. Cut the roots and a little bit of the green leaf. The calçots are placed on the grill and cooked slowly with the heat from the coals. Once charred on the outside they are removed and wrapped in newspaper to retain the heat.\nFor the sauce: first of all, the tomatoes and garlics have to be roasted. Meantime we leave the peppers to soak for about 5 minutes and then remove the skin, keeping the water. In a pot we place the tomatoes, garlic, peppers, the half-teaspoonful of pepper and blend everything together adding a generous amount of oil, a pinch of salt and a small drizzle of vinegar, and we leave it to cool.\nGrind the almonds and hazelnuts and add to the mixture when cool. We blend it all again and if it is too thick we add a little of the water that was used for soaking.\nIt is traditional to serve the calçots in a ceramic roof tile called teula.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Z Valley Feminised Cannabis Seeds by Positronics\nZ Valley is a cross of SFV (San Fernando Valley OG) and Zkittlez with both parent strains having been provided by The Cali Connection. Z Valley is therefore an indica-dominant hybrid with flavours to die for and a great effect as well.\nIndoor plants flower for 60 – 65 days while outdoors in the northern hemisphere plants are ready in early October. Yields are medium to high depending on grower skill and environmental factors. Z Valley is therefore most suited to warmer climate regions such as a Mediterranean climate when cultivated outdoors.\nScents and flavours are a kaidoscopic blend of a gourmet delicatessen with minty and floral notes and an earthy background and mouth-wateringly sour finish. Effects are powerful and long-lasting likely to cause much laughter and evolving into a dream state.\nBuy Positronics Z Valley Feminised Cannabis Seeds today from the internet’s best value seed shop – Coffee Shop Seeds", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Only a few days left …\nThere are only a few days left before the first tee-off of the Pomerantz Foundation’s 2019 Golf Tournament takes place on August 22 at the Saint-Raphaël Golf Course.\nThis year, the objective of the Pomerantz Foundation’s annual golf tournament is to raise $275,000… and a little more!\nAll profits from the tournament will be donated entirely to the Starlight Children’s Foundation and the Jewish General Hospital for its Center for Child Development and Mental Health.\nThere will be many of you!\n288 people will be starting the Pomerantz Foundation’s 12th Golf Tournament and over 340 people will be present for the dinner.\n40 volunteers from various organizations including Sun Youth and Starlight will help us in offering you an exceptional welcome and a memorable day.\nThe Pomerantz Foundation’s prestigious golf tournament would not be possible without the close collaboration of the Saint-Raphaël Golf Course’s management and staff.\nLastly, as you will see for yourself, we cannot overstate the importance of the generosity of our extraordinary sponsors.\nLooking forward to seeing you soon\nTerry and the whole organization team from the 12th Annual Golf Tournament of the Pomerantz Foundation await you Thursday, August 22, at the Saint-Raphaël Golf Course in Ile Bizard.\nBreakfast: 9:30 a.m.\nFirst tee offs: 11:30 a.m.\nCocktail: 5:00 p.m.\nDiner: 6:30 p.m.\nSee you on Thursday!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Particle Sensor PMS-IR\nThe PMS-IR sensor based on LED scattering principle, is used to detect the floating particle in the air (PM2.5). It outputs the mass density (µg/m³) through UART or PWM interface. The PMS-IR sensor can be embedded into the air quality detector, air purifier, air conditioner, etc. to monitor the floating particle and improve the air quality.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Valley Grove Pecans\nLocated in a 1200-tree pecan orchard in Bixby, Valley Grove Pecans specializes in high-quality paper-shell pecans, pecan candies, gift baskets and more. Each fall, the farm springs to life with the fresh pecan harvest, ensuring you receive the freshest, best quality pecans available. Visitors can stock up on all things pecan, including pecan oil, paper shell pecans, pecan syrups and holiday tins filled with tasty nuts and treats like chocolate-covered or cinnamon pecans. With a strong tradition of top-notch quality and service, freshly harvested pecans are only available during the November and December harvest season. Valley Grove Pecans also offers cracking and shelling for your pecans.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lemon bluberry mugcake\nEggless, single serve microvave mug cake.\nmicrowave safe mugs\n- 1 tbsp olive oil (use a light flavoured one)\n- 3 tbsp milk (use soy milk if vegan.)\n- 1 tbsp lemon juice\n- 1/4 cup unrefined sugar\n- 1/4 tsp vanila extract\n- 1/3 cup whole wheat flour\n- 1/4 tsp baking powder\n- 1 pinch salt\nTo stir into the batter.\n- 1/4 tsp lemon zest\n- 1/4 cup blueberry\nInto a microsafe safe large mug, add the wet mix ingredients and mix well with a fork till the sugar dissolves and frothy.\nSift in the dry mix and gently mix them into the wet mix.\nAdd the blueberry and lemon zest and genty mix it.\nZapp the mix on a high for 3 minutes.\nCarefully remove the hot mugcake from the microvave and stand for a minute.\nEnjoy the warm mugcake. Be careful it will be hot inside.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In 2-quart saucepan, heat 1 1/4 cups water and the rice to boiling. Reduce heat to low; cover and simmer 10 to 15 minutes or until tender. Transfer to large bowl, tossing rice with chopsticks or 2 forks to cool slightly. Gradually add 1/4 cup vinegar to rice, tossing constantly. Cover bowl with damp towel; cool rice to room temperature.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lovely fresh, green fern! Likes high humidity, put in a bright spot but no direct sunlight. Water when the soil feels dry to touch. The plant stands approximately 40cm tall and comes in a 17cm diameter nursery pot.\nPlease note: although nature is incredible, not all plants will ever be the same. Therefore please expect some variation in plant colour and shape from listing images.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Over the past several months, Animalearn has been working to help ensure that science educators at all learning levels have access to valuable resources that can be used to teach their students virtually from home. While we’ve always known the value of Animalearn’s work to promote humane science education, now their knowledge and experience are really in demand!\nRecently, two science groups that are especially supportive of STEM education, Science Connected and Scientix, invited Animalearn to discuss humane science and virtual dissection alternatives with their readers. Check out “Virtual Dissection: Animalearning from Home” in Science Connected Magazine and “Froguts: Free Virtual Dissection for Remote Teaching” on the Scientix blog. We think you’ll agree that the technology used by these alternatives is amazing. And not only do they make learning fun and engaging, their use also saves countless animals from harmful dissection.\nWhile the school year has ended, Animalearn isn’t slowing down and has already started getting ready for when schools re-open in the fall. We’re excited to see interest in humane science education continue to grow and know that Animalearn will always be ready to help students learn without harming animals.\nPut the Life Back in Life Sciences\n|DONATE TO ANIMALEARN »||CHECK OUT ANIMALEARN »|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We create fantastic coffee by:\n* Sourcing our beans from small producers that grow for quality rather than quantity\n* Insisting all our coffee is shade-grown, organic, Arabica\n* Roasting pre-blended beans in small batches\n* Sourcing unusual varieties of beans chosen for flavour not price\n* Ensuring all our coffee is very fresh\nOur passion for coffee, the quality of the beans and our roasting method all ensure each batch is elegantly structured, beautifully balanced and the best coffee you could hope to find.\nWe roast every day to ensure absolute freshness. You are most welcome to watch – just drop by and check when we will be roasting next.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Maple Baked Beans\n|Course : Beans\nPreparation / Directions:\n1. Soak beans overnight and drain.\n2. Add remaining ingredients and enough water to cover beans. Bake at 325 F for 2 hours or until beans mash easily.\n3. Remove 1 cup cooked beans and mash them. Add to remaining to beans to thicken. Serve.\n223 Calories (kcal); 2g Total Fat; (7% calories from fat); 10g Protein; 43g Carbohydrate; 2mg Cholesterol; 149mg Sodium", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology\nTwo types of satellite data, Geosat altimeter data and sea surface temperature data (SST), are compared and evaluated for their usefulness in assimilation into a numerical model of the Gulf Stream region. Synoptic sea surface height (SSH) fields are derived from the SST data in the following way: first three-dimensional temperature and salinity analysis fields are obtained through the Optimum Thermal Interpolation System (OTIS), and then SSH fields are calculated using a primitive equation, free-surface, numerical model running in a diagnostic mode. The aforementioned SSH fields are compared with SSH fields obtained from the Geosat altimeter data. Use of Geosat data requires an estimate of the cream SSH field relative to the earth geoid. Three different methods to obtain the mean SSH field are demonstrated. The first method uses altimetry and SST data, the second uses a diagnostic calculation with climatological data; and the third uses prognostic numerical calculations. The three estimates compared favorably with each other and with estimates obtained elsewhere.\nThe comparison of the synoptic SSH fields derived from both data types reveals similarity in the Gulf Stream meanders and some mesoscale features, but shows differences in strength of eddies and in variability far from the Gulf Stream. Due to the smoothed nature of the OTIS analysis fields, the SSH derived from altimetry data has larger variability amplitudes compared to that derived from SST data.\nThe statistical interpolation method, which is used to interpolate altimetry data from satellite tracks onto the model grid, is also evaluated for its filtering effect and its sensitivity to different parameters. The SSH variability of the Gulf Stream was calculated from two years of the exact repeat mission of the Geosat satellite, where altimeter data were interpolated daily onto the model grid. It is suggested here that some of the underestimation of mesoscale variations by statistical interpolation methods, as indicated by previous studies, may be explained by the filtering effect of the scheme.\nOriginal Publication Citation\nEzer, T., Mellor, G.L., Dong-Shan, K., & Sirkes, Z. (1993). A comparison of Gulf Stream sea surface height fields derived from geosat altimeter data and those derived from sea surface temperature data. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 10(1), 76-87. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)0102.0.CO;2\nEzer, Tal; Mellor, George L.; Ko, Dong-Shan; and Sirkes, Ziv, \"A Comparison of Gulf Stream Sea Surface Height Fields Derived from Geosat Altimeter Data and Those Derived from Sea Surface Temperature Data\" (1993). CCPO Publications. 119.\n0000-0002-2018-6071 (Ezer), 0000-0002-3525-1841 (Mellor), 0000-0002-9136-9000 (Ko)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ACER x freemanii\n2004 Urban Tree of the Year\nchosen by The Society of Municipal Arborists\n1997 Tree of the Year\nchosen by Iowa's Nursery & Landscape Association\nThis spectacular tree has become one of the most desired trees in the U.S. and is quickly becoming popular in other countries. Autumn Blaze® is a hybrid (red & silver maple) tree that has the vigor and adaptability of the silver maple with the beauty and strength of the red maple. This cultivar is known for it's superior fall color, unexcelled growth rates, leafhopper tolerance and the adaptability to an extremely wide range of climate and soil conditions.\nFrom our 16 years of growing experience with Autumn Blaze® we have found that high rates of nitrogen will give amazing results and will eliminate most of the splitting problems associated with maples due to verticiliar wilt.\nRecent University studies have shown Autumn Blaze® superior to most Rubrums and other Freemanii Maples available today. For astonishing, long lasting fall color use Autumn Blaze®. Poplar Farms invests extra time on these trees to produce premium specimen grade trees. You won't be disappointed!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "6 tbsps vegetable oil\n2 white onion, chopped\n2 cloves garlic, chopped\n1 tsp turmeric\n4 medium tomato, chopped\n300g Shrimp, peeled and deveined\n4 cups white rice\n1 tbsp fresh parsley, chopped\n1 cup frozen carrots, corn, peas (thawed)\n1 cup coconut water\n1 cup shrimp broth\n- Saute garlic, onions, and tomatoes in a Coleman Stock Pot. Add turmeric powder and season with salt and pepper. Add rice to the pot and mix evenly. Pour in coconut water and shrimp broth. Cook rice for 20-25 mins until rice is soft.\n- Halfway through cooking the rice, add in shrimp and vegetables. Let the steam from the rice cook them through.\n- Once done, garnish with chopped parsley and serve.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Motion made, and Question,\nThat, as from the beginning of 1976, a new duty of excise may be charged on wine produced in or imported into the United Kingdom.\nIn this Resolution \"wine\" means any liquor obtained from the alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes or the must of fresh grapes.—[Mr. Healey.]\nput forthwith pursuant to Standing Order No. 94 (Ways and Means motions), and agreed to.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chinese gardens are gardens which are designed in the Classical Chinese style. Some of the most notable Chinese gardens can be found in the Chinese city of Suzhou, also known as the Garden City thanks to its proliferation of gardens large and small. Outside of China, some public botanic gardens are designed in the Chinese style, and people can also evoke Chinese aesthetics in their private gardens.\nIn Classical China, gardening was an art form which was taken very seriously, and gardening could be compared to poetry, painting, and musical composition. Gardens had to be very carefully designed and composed in accordance with aesthetic and cultural traditions. Chinese gardens appear to have emerged among the scholarly classes, which is why they are sometimes known as Scholar's Gardens, and they spread to other people in Chinese society, with the most elaborate gardens being found in the walled compounds of the upper classes and imperial elite.\nChinese gardens are not just about plants. They also include rocks and carefully placed sculptural elements. Most have at least one water feature, with water being a very important part of the aesthetics of the garden, and the surrounding structures are integrated into the design of the garden, whether they take the form of walkways over the water or homes. All of the elements of the garden are supposed to exist in harmony, complementing each other and encouraging people to contemplate nature and philosophical topics during their time in the garden. The seasonal changes in the garden are also carefully marked.\nThe layout of a Chinese garden must follow the principles of feng shui, with the site being chosen very carefully and the elements of the garden arranged in a way which will complement the site. Chinese gardens are classically enclosed and composed of many sections, with asymmetry in the garden being particularly prized. The choice of plants is also deliberate; beyond being interested in which plants will thrive in the climate, gardeners are concerned about the symbolic meanings of different plants, and the symbolic implications of arranging plants in particular ways.\nSome modern Chinese gardens incorporate more Western aesthetics, such as Chinese rose gardens which feature predominantly roses, laid out in accordance with Chinese aesthetics. Specimen gardens such as Chinese bamboo gardens featuring numerous bamboo cultivars can also be viewed.\nAesthetic demands in Chinese and Japanese gardens are often very similar, because these two cultures share a number of values. However, they are definitely distinct, and mingling elements of both could create a visual presentation which is jarring to people who are culturally knowledgeable.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fresh Baked Today\nsee the daily board, served with butter & preserves 4.\nwith milk or organic yogurt, served\nwith seasonal fruit 7.\nvanilla, cinnamon & fresh fruit 7.\ncaramelized banana with maple syrup 10.\negg whites, quinoa, sautéed kale,\nand sriracha aioli 8.\nfried egg, cheddar cheese, and\nham, on a buttermilk biscuit 8.5\nscrambled eggs, roasted vegetables, goat cheese, and pesto 11.\nRock City Scramble\nscrambled eggs, havarti, chicken sausage & onion chutney 11.\neggs your way with hash browns & toast 9.5\nsmoked ham, chicken sausage, thick-cut bacon / 4.5\ntwo eggs, hash browns, fresh fruit, one pancake with fruit / 4.\none pancake / 3.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have set up a fairly straight forward two step Zap. I want to grab information from a google form and send it to a Google doc template. I can ge the first 7 fields to load in the zapier setup but can not figure out what the issue is with formatting. The remaining fields from the form sent to the google sheet do not load in zapier so I can not direct to the correct field in sheet. Refresh fields does not work.\nBest answer by andywingraveView original", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Accommodation is provided in both the guest house and the garden house of the farm. There is also a possibility for tenting.\nThe parking slot for caravans has 10 places (with electricity and water connection).\nThe guest house comprises two double bedrooms. The small garden house has four beds.\nThere are several tent areas around the house. These areas provide tenting space for 50 tents.\nThe farm provides also tent rental.\nThe farm is ideal for companiesí summer events.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Demarcation of the gardens makes them look organized. It is very important to keep the gardens a place of beauty. Too much plantation but no organization means that the garden still requires some maintenance. The edging can be carried out with the help of number of materials. Usually it is done with the assistance of the wood or metal edges. The edges have little role to play in the growth of the plants but they can work like an accessory that can be used to make the things look beautiful. It is like the customization of the garden. The garden can get the form that the owner prefers. The edging comes in different shapes and sizes. It is not a difficult thing to choose the right edging. The edges can be classified according to the materials used in the manufacturing of the edges. The types have to be chosen carefully so that they perform the assigned task properly. The core types of edging that can be used for any type of garden are as follows:\nTypes of edging\n- The natural edges do not need any special materials. The grass and medium sized bushes can make great landscape garden edging. It does not need any additional expenses. The available grass and plants can be used for this purpose after little alteration. The creative garden owners trim the bushy boundaries in such a way that they get the form of a particular object or design that the gardener prefers. This cutting and trimming can be done by the gardener or by some expert trimmer or the edge maker. The only problem with these kinds of edges is that they seek frequent trimming.\n- The stone, brick or concrete edging is technically referred as the masonry edging. It is created when you are looking for something really durable strong. The edging done with the bricks is called soldiers. This edging further sub divides into upright soldiers, tilted soldiers, etc. the names come from the pattern of organization. Concrete edging has better endurance. It suits every weather and does not get damaged very easily.\n- Slip edging refers to the edging that is done with the help of metals and the artificial materials like the plastic. These edges are easy to deal with. There is no need to dig deep to fix them in the ground. They don’t get damaged by the weather conditions. The most delicate among all of these is the plastic edging. The extreme temperature makes them lose their shape. It is even easier to break these edges.\n- Wood edges are the typical edges that are used everywhere. They are even used in the rail roads too. The wooden edges are made of the woods that are hard and not easy to break, weather damage resistance is another feature of these edges.\nEdging is a great idea to keep the things in the garden right. There can be other forms of the edging also like the decorative edging. It is very important for any edge buyer to find out that which one will suit his needs and requirements and will make the garden stand out among the neighborhood.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Is there anything better than a hot, light, and crispy Belgian Waffle for breakfast? YES, there is! It’s this fresh Blueberry Banana Belgian Waffle. A fluffy light thick delicious waffle with hints of banana and fresh warm juicy blueberries in every bite! This is what happens when you have no patience to wait to make Banana Blueberry bread. I’m so glad I’m not a patient person. You will be too!\nIt’s Spring! One thing I absolutely love about spring are all the fresh strawberries you can find in your local market. They’re screaming “Hey! We’re over here!”. Admit it! Your cart just automatically pulls over in their direction.I grew up in a small town in San Diego County, California. We were surrounded by strawberry fields! One of things I miss about California, besides the ocean, are those wonderful red gems of juicy fruit! Every spring I would watch those specks of red starting to dot the hillsides. It was glorious! I just knew that any day, I would get to go to the strawberry stand with my Mom and pick up a flat of berries. I also knew I would sneak one, bite into it, and have the juice just run down my chin! (I might actually be drooling right now!) There is nothing like giant, fresh picked, strawberries! I’m pretty sure there are going to be fresh strawberry stands in heaven! There has to be if it’s going to heaven for heaven’s sake!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Instant Pot® Corn Chowder\nA delicious vegetarian corn chowder made in minutes with the help of an electric pressure cooker.\nOriginal recipe yields 8 servings\nFrozen corn may be substituted for fresh, if desired.\n278 calories; protein 5.5g; carbohydrates 33.6g; fat 15.2g; cholesterol 48.4mg; sodium 569.6mg. Full Nutrition", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- 1 ATLAS peanut & shallot mix\n- 1 ATLAS pickled papaya & cucumber tub\n- 1 rice paper pack\n- 1 sesame oil sachet\n- 1 ATLAS sweet & sour sauce tub\n- 1 mushrooms bag\n- 1 carrot\n- 1 daikon\n- 1 coriander bunch*\n- 1 mint bunch*\n- 1 garlic shoots bunch*\n- 1 spring onion bunch*\nPantry staples: Cooking oil, sugar, vinegar (white wine preferred)\nAllergens: Soy, sesame, onion, nuts (peanut)\nSpecialised equipment: Peeler\nChef's note: Soft rice sheets filled with a mushroom mixture and a carrot and daikon pickle combined with fresh herbs and a sweet and sour sauce. This is the perfect dish to devour on a hot summer’s day! Daikon varies in size so use as much or as little as you like. Or use it all to make a bigger batch of pickle to store for up to one week in the fridge.\n* Spring onion, mint, dill and coriander are to be split across other dishes so please read each recipe carefully.\n1. Prepare the ingredients\nAlways read the recipe in full before you begin. Wash the vegetables. Peel and grate half of the carrot, finely dice the remaining. Peel and grate the daikon. Thinly slice 1 tablespoon per person of the garlic shoots. Thinly slice the mushrooms. Thinly slice the white part of 1 spring onion* per person. Cut the remaining green part of the spring onion into thin stripes. Pick some of the coriander*, mint* and dill leaves*.\n2. Make the carrot and daikon pickle\nIn a saucepan, add one part sugar, one part vinegar and one part water, making sure there is enough liquid to cover the grated carrot and daikon. Bring to a boil then immediately remove from heat. Add the grated carrot and daikon and set aside to pickle for at least 10 minutes.\n3. Make the stir fry\nBring a saucepan of water to the boil in preparation for the rice paper sheets. Meanwhile, add a splash of cooking oil to a frying pan over medium heat. Add the mushrooms and cook, stirring often, for 2 minutes or until they start to brown. Add the diced carrot, garlic shoots and spring onion whites and cook for 1 minute, stirring often. Set aside.\n4. Cook the rice paper sheets\nAdd the sesame oil to a tray or plate with high sides. Cook the rice paper sheets, one at a time, in the boiling water for 20 seconds or until soft and pliable. Coat both sides of the sheet in the sesame oil to prevent it from sticking together and drying out. Repeat with the remaining sheets. Add more oil if you need (cooking oil or sesame oil).\n5. Wrap the banh cuon\nLay one rice paper sheet on a plate. Add some of the stir fry mixture and top with some of the pickled papaya and cucumber. Fold the two sides in then fold over to form a roll. Repeat with the remaining rice paper sheets and stir fry filling.\n6. Heat the sweet and sour sauce (optional)\nAdd the sweet and sour sauce to a saucepan and heat over low heat. Do not boil. Otherwise, the sauce can be served cold.\n7. To serve\nDivide the banh cuon, herbs, carrot and daikon pickle between serving plates. Top with the peanut and shallot mix and the sweet and sour sauce.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "GCU community packs food for the world\nPhotos by Darryl Webb\nGCU News Bureau\nHundreds of folks turned out Saturday to assemble 100,000 manna packs, a nutritious mix of rice, soy, vitamins and minerals that will be shipped to Haiti to feed hungry kids. The volunteer effort was for Feed My Starving Children, a global nonprofit that was selected by GCU as one of the charities tied to the men’s basketball season this year.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Online only\nThe active components of the burdock serum penetrate the scalp and nourish the roots of the hair, thus improving their functions. During the regular use of the serum, hair loss is reduced and the growth of new hair is improved, followed by the reconstruction of the keratin structure. Hair becomes stronger, more dense and full of light. The oil burdock extract constituting the burdock serum has been enriched with valuable, biologically active ingredients. They were obtained from the burdock root of a more modern, but natural extraction method, friendly to humans and the environment, using a natural solvent such as CO2 in supercritical conditions. This allows you to obtain the maximum amount of active substances while fully maintaining their beneficial characteristics.\n\"apply 3-4 times a week to damp or dry hair, rub in massaging the scalp\",\n\"do not rinse\",\n\"after application, hair styling and drying equipment can be used\",\n\"the suggested period of treatment: 2 months\"\nAqua, Urtica Dioica Leaf Extract, Hydrolyzed Lupine Seed Extract, Persea Gratissima Oil, Medicago Sativa Leaf Extract, Polygonum Multiflorum Root Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Ligusticum Chuaxiong Root Extract, Alcohol, Niacinamide, Equisetum Arvense Leaf Extract, Ruscus Aculeatus Root Extract, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Trifolium Pratense Flower Extract, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Hydrolyzed Keratin, Serenoa Serrulata Fruit Extract, Angelica Archangelica Root Extract, Arctium Lappa Root Extract, Panthenol, Thymus Vulgaris Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, Citric Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Benzoic Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Diazolidinyl Urea, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Limonene", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cilantro lime salsa is loaded with ripe roma tomatoes, fresh veggies, tons of flavor and a secret ingredient that will make your taste buds dance!\nThis cilantro lime salsa is my absolute favorite salsa recipe!\nI’ve made it 3 times in the past month, it’s SO easy to make. All the fresh veggies mixed with a ton of cilantro and lots of garlic make this the perfect appetizer or snack. It’s especially delicious with a margarita in your hand!\nI make cilantro lime salsa in huge batches and it doesn’t last more than two days in my house. My hubby is very picky about his salsa. It can’t be too spicy, too sweet, too chunky, too liquidy, the list goes on and on.\nWhen I see him inhale this cilantro lime salsa, it’s a big sign to me that it’s a winner!\nCilantro Lime Salsa Prep\nBesides being delicious, the best part about this cilantro lime salsa is that I make it in my food processor. All I do for prep work is wash the veggies, chop the tomatoes and veggies into quarters and dump all the ingredients into the food processor. That’s it! Don’t you love easy recipes like this?\nI especially love using my food processor, it makes prep work so much simpler and quicker.\nNote – Don’t worry about removing the cilantro leaves, the stems have tons of flavor and are completely edible. Throw the whole bunch into the processor!\nCilantro Lime Salsa Secret Ingredient\nAren’t the colors beautiful!? I loveee incorporating all these bright colors into our meals.\nI bet you’re wondering what the secret ingredient is? Aren’t ya? Aren’t ya?!\nAlright, I’ll tell you….red, orange or yellow bell pepper chunks! I wouldn’t use just green because they can be slightly bitter. The red, yellow & orange peppers are much sweeter. The bell pepper gives it a chunkier consistency, great flavor, plus it’s an easy way to get extra veggies into your diet.\nNote – Did you know that green peppers are just peppers that haven’t ripened fully? I didn’t realize this until I grew them in our backyard in our mini greenhouse. It was so cool to watch the whole process from seed to on our dinner table!\nNo Food Waste\nI can’t stand wasting food. It’s one of my biggest pet peeves.\nI made stuffed peppers the night before and I saved the tops that I cut off. I added them into the bowl (don’t forget to remove the stems) with all the other cilantro lime salsa ingredients and let it whirl!\nNote – You can use leftover pepper scraps or you can just use 1 medium pepper (seeds removed) instead, whatever you have available.\nThis cilantro lime salsa is very customizable. We both love cilantro so I added a lot of cilantro! If you don’t care for cilantro that much then I would recommend to start with a little bit first and see how you feel about the flavor.\nOnce the cilantro lime salsa is ready, I reserve a few cups to make our favorite salsa stuffed peppers! It’s so easy to make and you already have all the work done with the homemade salsa. Two meals in one? Yes, please!\n- Cut the tomatoes (remove the stems), onion, garlic and bell pepper into a few big chunks. Add to the food processor. Pulse a few times to start to break it down.\n- Add cumin, cayenne, lime juice and cilantro. Pulse on medium until you reach desired consistency. I like to leave it a little chunky.\n- Taste and season with salt and pepper. Add additional cilantro if needed.\n- Serve with tortilla chips. Enjoy!\nDo you have a favorite salsa recipe? Let me know in the comments!\nNever miss a Stacey Homemaker creation!\nAdd me on Snapchat to see what I’m cooking today! – StaceyHomemaker\nYou may also like…", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The image is of a black bean, corn, and squash recipe. If you would like to try it, follow the link under the image…\nImage from The Taste Space: 3 Sisters Soup\nThree Sisters Soup\n(Bean, Corn and Squash Soup)\n1 tbsp oil (preferably not crisco)\n1 yellow onion, diced\n1 red or orange bell pepper, diced\n2 cups diced kabocha squash, butternut squash (or a peeled winter squash of your choice)\n12 garlic cloves, minced or pressed\n5-6 cups of vegetable stock or water\nsalt, to taste\n2 cups corn (I used frozen roasted corn, you can also roast corn on the cob and then cut the corn)\n2 cups cooked green beans, rinsed and drained if canned or tips pinched off and then snapped into bite-sized lengths\nOptional: red bell pepper, and other spices for flavoring.\n- In a large soup pot over medium-high heat, heat oil. Once hot, add onions and cook, stirring continuously, until softened, around 2 minutes. Sprinkle with salt. Add bell pepper and cook until they begin to soften, another 2 minutes. Add squash and garlic and stir well. Decrease the heat to medium-low, cover, and cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables are soft and fragrant, around 10 minutes.\n- Add the water, salt. Increase the heat to high and bring to a boil. Add corn and green beans and return to a boil. Once boiling, decrease heat to medium-low, partially cover and simmer until all the vegetables are cooked through, approximately 10-20 minutes. Remove from the heat. Adjust seasoning to taste. Top with additional hot sauce/sriracha, if desired.\nNOTE: the original “bean” from the “3 Sister’s” is a pole or runner bean, commonly known as the green bean.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fava beans, also known as broad beans, are a type of legume commonly found in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions.\nThey have made their way into Western cuisine in recent years, and many people are curious about their taste.\nThe taste of fava beans is earthy and nutty with a slightly bitter undertone. They have a dense and creamy texture that can be described as buttery. Fava beans also have a hint of sweetness that balances out the bitterness.\nIn this article, we will explore the flavor profile of fava beans and how you can enjoy them based on their unique taste.\nWhat Are Fava Beans?\nFava beans are a type of legume that have been around for thousands of years, with evidence of their cultivation dating back to ancient Egypt.\nThey are also commonly called broad beans due to their large size compared to other types of beans.\nFava beans are grown in several regions worldwide, including the Middle East, North Africa, and the Mediterranean.\nThey are now also cultivated in many European countries, such as Italy, Spain, and France.\nThe plant is a hardy one that can tolerate drought conditions, making it a sustainable crop in regions with arid climates.\nThe beans themselves are enclosed in a large pod that needs to be removed before eating.\nWhat Do Fava Beans Taste Like?\nFava beans have a distinct flavor profile that can be described as earthy, nutty, and slightly bitter. The bitterness can vary depending on the freshness of the beans and how they are prepared.\nWhen cooked, fava beans have a dense and creamy texture that can be compared to buttery mashed potatoes. The texture of fava beans is also similar to lima beans.\nHowever, fava beans are more substantial and firmer compared to lima beans.\nIn terms of taste, fava beans have a subtle sweetness that balances out the bitterness. The sweetness is due to the presence of natural sugars in the beans. Some people describe the taste of fava beans as “umami,” which is a savory and meaty flavor found in foods like mushrooms and aged cheese.\nThe flavor and texture of fava beans work well with a variety of dishes.\nThey can be used as the main ingredient in soups, stews, and salads or as a side dish to accompany meat or fish. The creamy texture of fava beans makes them ideal for making spreads like hummus or dips.\nHealth Benefits of Fava Beans\nApart from their unique taste, fava beans also offer several health benefits. They are an excellent source of dietary fiber, plant-based protein, and essential vitamins and minerals like folate, iron, and magnesium.\nFava beans are also low in fat and calories, making them a suitable food for those watching their weight. The high fiber content of fava beans can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve digestion.\nStudies have also shown that fava beans contain potent antioxidants that may help reduce the risk of chronic conditions like heart disease and cancer. Fava beans are also rich in vitamin K, which is essential for bone health and blood clotting.\nHow to Cook and Enjoy Fava Beans?\nFava beans are versatile and can be cooked and enjoyed in several ways. Here are some preparation methods to enjoy fava beans based on their unique taste:\n- Roasting – Roasting fava beans enhances their natural nutty flavor. Simply toss the shelled beans with olive oil, salt, and pepper and roast them in the oven until crispy.\n- Boiling – If you prefer a milder taste, blanch the shelled fava beans in boiling salted water for a few minutes, then drain and remove the outer skin before using them in salads or soups.\n- Pureeing – You can puree cooked fava beans to create a delicious, creamy spread that can be used as a dip or a sandwich filling.\n- Frying – Frying fava beans tempers their bitterness and gives them a crispy texture. Dip the shelled beans in a batter made of flour, eggs, and spices and fry them until golden brown.\n- Grilling – Grilling fava beans gives them a smoky flavor that enhances their natural nuttiness. Brush the beans with olive oil and sprinkle them with salt and pepper before grilling them over medium-high heat until charred.\n- Soups and stews – Cooked fava beans can be used in soups and stews to add texture and flavor. They pair well with vegetables like potatoes, carrots, and tomatoes.\n- Salads – Fava beans make an excellent addition to salads due to their creaminess and texture. Toss cooked fava beans with fresh vegetables, herbs, and a citrusy dressing for a light and refreshing salad.\nFava beans are a delicious and nutrient-dense legume that offers a unique flavor and texture. They have an earthy, nutty flavor with a slightly bitter undertone that balances out with their natural sweetness. Fava beans can be cooked and enjoyed in several ways, including roasting, boiling, frying, and grilling. They can also be used in soups, stews, salads, and spreads. Incorporating fava beans into your diet is an excellent way to reap their health benefits while enjoying their delicious taste.\nJenny has always been passionate about cooking, and she uses her platform to share her joy of food with others. Her recipes are easy to follow, and she loves giving tips and tricks to help others create their own unique culinary creations.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ukraine: GDP rate decreased by 1%\nIn the first quarter of 2014, the GDP rate of Ukraine decreased by 1%, declared the Councilor of the Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine, Valery Litvitskiy on April 25, 2014.\nV.Litvitskiy stated there is a prospect of the full recession proceeding in the second quarter of the current year, to be completed in the third quarter. Thus, in the fourth quarter there will be the economic growth. At the same time, the Councilor forecasts the economic contraction at year end in total.\nV.Litvitskiy mentioned that in the previous years there was the price and exchange stability, but to date there is the economic “crunch”, dangerous for the further financial stability.\nV.Litvitskiy added in the current month the National Bank increased the account and work rates on the liquidity provision. The stated temporary measure will allow to decrease the inflation rate and provide the strengthening of the banks' financial base.\nAccording to the Councilor, the government is preparing the measures on the inflation decrease, oriented on the monetary policy tightening. But the efficiency will depend on the budget problems' successful solving.\nYou should be authorized to post comment\nUkraine to increase the production of corn, rice, buckwheat, soybeans – expert\nUkraine: Prime Minister charged to settle the tariff for cargo transit at the Trans-Caspian route\nUkraine-China container train arrived at the Chinese border\nContainer train Ukraine-China to start working in business mode since March – A.Pivovarsky\nUkraine: Ministry of Agrarian Policy increased the forecast of grain exports in 2015/16 MY\nUkraine: in 2016, agricultural production is expected to stabilize – expert", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When plant problems occur in the landscape, gardeners often blame insects or diseases. While some plants are more susceptible to pest problems than others, many issues arise when plants are planted...\nCategory: In the Garden\nNov 11, 2021 | In the Garden\nCoastal Region Zack Snipes reports, “It feels like winter showed up this past week with cold, windy, gloomy days. Most, if not all of our strawberries have been planted. With the cool weather...\nOct 27, 2021 | In the Garden\nCoastal Region Zack Snipes reports, “We had a nice week of weather last week and are getting some rain this morning (10/25). Strawberry plants are arriving, and growers will be busy putting in...\nJoin our mailing list to receive the latest updates from HGIC.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many recipes ask for saturating the white rice. This step is not necessary for all white rice, though. Washing the rice is important to produce the best texture as well as remove surface area starches. Right here are a few pointers for soaking the rice. Adhere to these steps to make the best white rice recipe. They are also very easy to make. However do not fail to remember to review the directions very carefully. Some white rice recipes require steaming the rice, too. To begin, warmth a tool saucepan over high heat. Add 2 tbsps of water. When the water boils, decrease the warm to a simmer. Cook for 18 minutes, covered, until the rice is tender. Enable the rice to rest for 5 mins before fluffing it with a fork. You might want to add a bit more water, if wanted. Recipe programmer Lauren Miyashiro is a former food supervisor for Appetizing. To make certain that the rice doesn’t glob or shed, you can wash it prior to food preparation. It also eliminates excess starch. Allow the rice heavy steam for 5 mins to remove excess starch. See to it the water is hot as well as clear. Add the rice to the pot, as well as let it cook up until it’s tender, about 10 minutes. Fluff the rice with a fork prior to offering. If it’s clumpy, add a little bit a lot more water. While cooking rice, you must guarantee it simmers carefully for about 12 mins. In this manner, it will not contain excess water as well as won’t become mushy. It’s finest to permit it to remain on the range for at the very least 10 minutes, before fluffing it up with a fork. Cooked rice can last for up to five days, or freeze it for up to a month. You can even re-use the remaining rice in various dishes. Begin by washing the rice thoroughly. Rinsing eliminates starches and debris from the grains. Make sure to wash the rice with cool water until it’s totally clear. Once the water has actually steamed, pour it over the rice and mix to integrate. Cover the saucepan with a lid and also cook for 8 to 12 minutes. After that offer with additional butter. If you are making use of a stovetop with more than one burner, you’ll require to decrease the temperature slightly. Another crucial action in food preparation rice is picking a selection of rice. The Mahatma(r) Additional Long Grain White Rice is the standard variety utilized for food preparation. Its neutral flavor, light fluffy structure, and starchy composition make it the ideal selection for stir-fries as well as covered dishes. It’s likewise a superb option for paddings. The recipe is easy to make, and also you don’t require to be a master chef to create wonderful meals with it.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. When the oil is hot, but not smoking, add the onions carrots and celery to the pot.\nGently cook the vegetables for 5 minutes, while stirring frequently.\nAdd the garlic to the pot and cook for 1 minute, stirring constantly.\nAdd the smoked sausage to the pot and cook them for 2-3 minutes, stirring frequently.\nAdd the lentils, chicken broth and the water to the pot. Raise the heat to high and bring the broth to a boil.\nLower the heat to medium when the broth is boiling vigorously. Cover the pot and cook the lentils for 25-35 minutes, stirring occasionally.\nTaste the lentils to see if they have reached the desired tenderness. If they are still a bit hard for your taste, continue cooking for 10-15 more minutes and try again. Lower the heat and stir more often. As the lentils thicken, they could start sticking to the bottom of the pot.\nLower the heat to low.\nAdd the spinach to the lentils and sausage. Stir until the spinach wilts.\nStir in the black pepper.\nTaste the lentil soup and add salt if needed.\nServe the lentil sausage soup alone, with white rice or a nice piece of crusty bread, if desired.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "160 nm Ti-W-N layers were sputtered on Si/SiO2/Al-Si-Cu substrates with the thickness of the Al-Si-Cu layer varying between 0 and 1000 nm. As a result the apparent grain size of the Ti-W-N increased from 40 to 130 nm and the compressive deposition stress of the Ti-W-N decreased from 1.77 to 0.34 GPa. The relation between stress and the inverse grain size was found to be linear for grain sizes smaller than 130 nm. Assuming a simple model, the excess volume per unit area of grain boundary can be estimated from the slope of the fit and was found to be 0.17 nm.\nLight scattering measurements can be used as a quick and non-destructive method for evaluating the microstructure of these layers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the next few days, some sunny spells. Especailly on Wednesday the weather is fine. Throughout the day it will be dry. From -1 degrees on Wednesday the daily high will go down to -7 degrees on Friday. On Wednesday a fresh wind from the northwest.\n|Tu Jan 19||We Jan 20||Th Jan 21||Fr Jan 22|\n|Nearby Forecast Locations - Stettler||Distance|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With ripe nectarines, red grapes, peppery lettuces and slices of tender grilled duck, this is a particularly pretty salad. The unusual dressing complements and brings together all the ingredients.\nBe the first to make this!\n250g mixed basmati and wild rice\n450g boneless duck breasts\n2 tsp extra virgin olive oil\n85g watercress leaves\n170g seedless green grapes, halved\n4 spring onions, thinly sliced\n3 celery stalks, thinly sliced\n8 radicchio leaves or other red salad leaves\n3 tablespoons toasted pumpkin seeds (pepitas)\nFor the dressing:\n1 tsp grated fresh ginger\n1 small garlic clove, very finely chopped\n1 tbsp apricot jam\n2 tsp raspberry vinegar or white wine vinegar\n2 tbsp hazelnut oil\npepper to taste\nDirections Prep:30min › Cook:30min › Ready in:1hr\nCook the rice in a saucepan of boiling water for about 20 minutes or until tender. Drain, then transfer to a bowl and allow to cool.\nHeat a ridged chargrill pan over a medium–high heat. Meanwhile, remove all skin and fat from the duck breasts and brush them on both sides with the olive oil. Place on the chargrill pan and cook for 3 minutes on each side (the meat will be rare, so cook longer if you prefer it well done). Allow the duck breasts to cool.\nTo make the dressing, put the ginger, garlic, apricot jam, vinegar and hazelnut oil in a small bowl and stir to combine. Season with pepper to taste.\nChop half the watercress and add to the rice, together with the grapes, spring onions and celery. Drizzle half the dressing over the salad and mix gently.\nCut the duck breasts into thin slices. Thinly slice the nectarines. Arrange the radicchio and reserved watercress leaves on four plates and divide the rice salad among them. Arrange the duck and nectarine slices on top, drizzle with the remaining dressing and sprinkle with the pumpkin seeds.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I love comfort food. When the days cool down and the nights are crisp, there's just something about a mug of hot soup. Following is my original recipe for Butternut Squash and Bartlett Pear Soup.\nlarge butternut squash (mine was about 6 pounds)\n1-2 bartlett pears\nclove of garlic\n1/2 cup of milk or cream (plus extra for pureeing squash)\n4 cups chicken or vegetable stock\n1/4 tsp. ginger\n1/4 tsp. cinnamon\n1/2 tsp. nutmeg\n2 Tbs. parmesan cheese\nPreheat the oven to 375. Wash and cut the squash into quarters. Remove the seeds. Place on a baking sheet or bar pan skin side up and bake for 30 minutes. Flip squash, cover with foil, and bake for another 20 minutes. Remove from oven and let cool until it is cool enough to be handled.\nMeanwhile, wash and peel the pear(s) and the onions, and then chop. Mince the garlic. In a large soup pot, saute the pear, onion, and garlic in 1 Tbs. of butter until soft. Turn off the heat. Remove from pot and place in a blender. Blend until pureed. (It may need more fluid to be able to blend smoothly; if so add a bit of milk.) Return to pot.\nWhen the squash is cool enough to be handled, cut away the skin. Chop the squash and put it in the blender to be pureed. Due to the size of the squash it will likely need to be pureed in batches and not all at once. Add a little bit of milk as needed to the blender to help it process the squash.\nAdd the pureed squash to the pot with the pear and onion. Also add the stock, milk, seasoning, and cheese. Salt and pepper to taste.\nCook over medium heat until warmed through and the flavors meld. Serve hot! I'm not sure, but my best guess is that this recipe should serve 6-8.\nThis soup pairs well with crusty bread and apple cider. Happy Autumn!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The most sensible way to eat the first peaches of summer is leaning over the kitchen sink or sitting outside on the grass. When the sweet, sticky juice runs down your chin and forearms, it won’t matter. In this first flush of stone fruit, we take it the way nature delivers it.\nMost of the country’s stone fruit is grown in California’s Central Valley, where the hot climate is paradise for peaches. The supermarket industry prefers to buy peaches with an appealing rosy color, but we quickly learned on a trip to meet two of California’s best fruit farmers, Al Courchesne and Ron Mansfield, of Frog Hollow Farm and Goldbud Farms, respectively, that many of the best peaches have golden yellow skins with only a blush of red. (They also taught us that when a peach is allowed to ripen until it is about to drop off the tree, it will be exquisitely sweet and juicy.) Harvested by hand and carefully packed to avoid bruising, their peaches are worth every penny of their princely price when we splurge to have them sent to us in New Jersey.\nWhile some regions start to see peaches as early as May, here in the Northeast the season starts in midsummer (the cold, late spring doesn’t allow early fragile peach blossoms to set). Around then, we start doing a daily drive-by of our local orchard, waiting for the hand-painted peach sign to appear on the side of the road. We buy fruit that is firm but has a bit of give and that smells like we hope it tastes; green peaches will never ripen. We love both yellow peaches, with hints of butterscotch, and white, with their floral sweetness and undertone of raspberries.\nBack in our studio, we arrange them on a big platter in a single layer and allow the fruit to continue to ripen at room temperature. Then, when they are at the peak of perfection, we roll up our sleeves. Whatever we don’t devour over the sink finds its way into our favorite shortcake and jam—even onto blue cheese toasts that, when enjoyed with a glass of crisp white wine, make for an unforgettable sunset snack.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "No worries. We always knew the existing inventory would be insufficient to cover demand, but Samsung stands at the ready to produce whatever we need (paraphrased). Nothing has changed. In fact, the market is starving for our solution. Covid is roiling around the world and the vax's may not be effective against some variants. This immunomodulator is THE SOLUTION.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dried tapioca -1 kg\nHorse gram – 500 g\nGreen chilly -4\nGarlic – 5 cloves\nCumin – 3/4 teaspoon\nTurmeric – 1/4 teaspoon\nSalt – to taste\nMethod of preparation\n1) take dried tapioca and wash it.Turn the stove on and boil the tapioca well with enough water.\n2) wash the horse gram and let it boil too.\n3) take shredded coconut, garlic, cumin, green chilly, turmeric and curry leaves.Grind them in a traditional grind stone.\n4) strain the water out from the tapioca when it gets boiled.\n5) when the horse gram is boiled remove the water out from it and add it to the cooked tapioca. Let the mix cook for some time and strain the remaining water out from it.\n6) add the coconut mixture and enough salt to this and close the lid. Let it cook for 2 minutes and then turn off the stove. Mix it well and serve.\nYour tasty dried tapioca horse gram puzhukk is ready.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "OBTAINING OF BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENT STRAIN\nProtobacterium phosphoreu В7071 (lux+) FOR ZINC IONS\nOvcharenko Institute of Biocolloid Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;\nThe transconjugate containing hybrid plasmid (TeRZnRlux+) was obtained using the conjugation method on Pseudomonas fragi T2(5) (TeRZnR) strain and bioluminescent strain Protobacterium phosphoreum В7071 (lux+). The expression regulation of lux-genes on the obtained plasmid is carried out by promotor-operational area conjointly with zinc resistance genes.\nThe cells of the obtained genetically modified bacteria have the ability to specific induced luminescence, which is a respond to zinc ions’ presence in the measuring medium.\nIt was shown that the cells’ bioluminescence intensity of trans-conjugate is linearly dependent on zinc ions’ concentration within the range of 1–100 µM, that provides the opportunity of using biosensor as a strain for qualitative and quantitative detection of the metal.\nThe low sensitivity limit of this method is 0.5 µM for the metal. Besides having high sensitivity, the developed lux-biosensor is highly specified.\nKey words: bacteria, conjugation, bioluminescence, zinc, biosensor.\nThe original article in Russian is available for download in PDF format.\n© The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil (Plastic Tub) 1L\nGreen Origins Coconut Oil is made using only the best organic coconuts that are grown and hand-picked by farmers in the Philippines. Fantastic for baking, frying and spreading, it has a subtle coconut aroma and flavour making it a kitchen cupboard staple that is particularly popular in Asian cooking. It is a versatile skincare product and is hailed for its ability to keep skin healthy. Our coconut oil is cold-pressed to retain beneficial nutrients, including more than 40% lauric acid, which is known to fight bacteria.\n- Raw & cold-pressed\n- Pure & unrefined\n- Suitable for vegans and vegetarians\nFantastic for baking, frying and spreading, our coconut oil has a subtle coconut aroma and flavour making it a kitchen cupboard staple.\nSuitable for Vegetarians and Vegans.\nSUGGESTED USE: Coconut oil can be used in cooking, baking and frying or as a natural skin moisturiser.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All providers of higher education (HEPs) and partners are encouraged to participate in, and engage with, the KE concordat because different forms of KE exist across the full diversity of the sector. The concordat has been designed to improve the capacity of KE throughout HEPs.\nIn England, the self-evaluation phase in the development year provides institutions with an opportunity to understand and reflect upon the quantity, quality, purpose and ambition of their current KE activity, in line with KE concordat principles.\nThe aim of encouraging shared practice has the capacity to promote good practices from a range of institutions. While there is no mandatory expectation for participation, it is encouraged that all HEPs engage with the KE concordat.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Synthetic turf, artificial turf and artificial turf, ideas with fake turf and landscape design. Our product line ranges from 40oz to 90oz (face weight) with variable color/shade selections. Parks, sports fields, residential and commercial applications with turf, playgrounds. Artificial turf, fake turf, fake turf and fake turf, cheap artificial turf. Bexar County. Creative ideas with fake turf and synthetic turf, artificial turf. Our products have passed vigorous tests and far exceed government standards (Test results provided upon request). Sports fields and pets, animals and flawless for residential and our lead-free artificial turf products are safe for both humans and commercial landscapes. Artificial turf, artificial turf and residential front yard design, playground, texas, installation with fake grass, synthetic grass, fake grass, featuring gst's spring-50 product, synthetic turf, fake turf, fake grass, artificial turf, installation with fake turf, fake lawn, fake lawn, playground, installations in Converse, artificial lawn, artificial turf, synthetic lawn, synthetic grass, synthetic turf and residential front yard design, synthetic turf. Front yard landscaping with synthetic turf. Artificial turf, realistic looking, best warranty in synthetic turf industry, installations in Converse, synthetic lawn, playground, synthetic turf, artificial turf, fake lawn, environmental friendly, pet and child friendly, natural looking, synthetic lawn, long lasting and durable, fake turf installations, fake grass, artificial grass, artificial lawn, texas, fake turf, fake grass, playground, synthetic turf. cares about the environment and we are proud to contribute to the greening of our planet earth. Water conservation and Water saving landscaping design and ideas with synthetic grass, synthetic turf, artificial turf. Landscaping ideas and design. We provide a 10-year warranty (turf only) with a projected life of 20 years. Inc, global syn-turf. Rooftop and back yard landscaping with synthetic turf/synthetic turf. Best warranty in artificial turf industry, environmental friendly, realistic looking, long-lived and long lasting, fake turf installations, child-friendly and pet, natural looking.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It’s a release party, a celebration, and a fundraiser to help us towards the next issue. I’m very proud to present this issue to the world because it took us so damn long to put it together (along with this video!) Hope you enjoy it! A special mahalo to everyone who’s supported us throughout the years and who’ve made it possible to keep going. And another mahalo to everyone who showed up and enjoyed this awesome night!!!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Each Wednesday we have a lunch in CERN’s Restaurant 1. If the weather is good we meet outside to the North of the “Ikea” area, with the red and white chairs. If the weather is bad we meet towards the back of the “Ikea” area.\nWe usually use the rainbow flag as a table cloth, so that is it easy to find us. Once a month we do not have the flag, and you can contact us (email@example.com) to find us.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The method here was to study 6 different sites in the Baltic Sea with project farms: The Musholm farm in the Great Belt (Musholm), Kieler Meersfarm in the Kiel bay (Kiel), a pilot farm belonging to Latvian institute of Aquatic Ecology outside Pavilosta coast (Pavilosta), a farm rent by Kalmar municipality in the Kalmar Sound (Byxelkrok), the East Sweden Aquaculture centre farm in St. Anna archipelago (St. Anna) and an associated farm established by Vormsi Agar OÜ outside Vormsi island (Vormsi). This report describes the activities and observations documented by our farm managers in the so-called “Mussel farmers Log” during a 2.5-year period. Farming and harvest techniques and results, no. of work hours and boat hours, technical problems, impact of ice and other site-specific conditions, conflicts with neighbors, fate of the mussels, predators and other observations are reported. We also describe the different technical setups of the farms, and impact of the environmental conditions that characterize each of our chosen mussel farm sites. We have analyzed the results in terms of harvest outcomes, differences in work effort spent on similar operations, investment costs and operational costs. Based on the limited number of farms we cannot conclude if one farm system is more efficient than the other, but it seems that anchoring, flexibility of the materials, buoys and logistics is very important, while specific substrates and mesh sizes are not key factors in the production of small mussels. At exposed sites, stronger (and thus more expensive) farm constructions and work-vessels were needed. Too strong current and wave-impact, as well as predators, had very negative effects on the production costs. The most successful sites for mussel farming in this project were found in the fjords in western Baltic and in archipelagos of the Baltic proper.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bright, useful and tasty salad, perfect in the post and not only. Sweet beets perfectly with the elastic bulgur and crisp salad. The pine nuts add zest to taste and texture. Satisfying and very light meal.\n|Cooking time 30 minutes||Number of servings 4|\nBoil beetroot until tender, cool and cut into cubes.\nLeaves of iceberg lettuce coarsely torn or cut. You can substitute other fresh salad, such as lettuce or iceberg.\nPrepare the filling, in a bowl, mix lemon juice, soy sauce, olive oil and herbs\nBulgur boil until tender in salted water, about 10-15 minutes. In a bowl, combine lettuce and bulgur wheat, season and stir\nPut the salad on a plate, put the beetroot and sprinkle with pine nuts.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you’re a home cook who loves to prepare meals from scratch, then you know that chopping vegetables can be a tedious and time-consuming task. Fortunately, a vegetable chopper can make the process much faster and more efficient. In this guide, we’ll answer your most frequently asked questions about vegetable choppers and help you choose the best one for your needs.\nWhat is a vegetable chopper?\nA vegetable chopper is a kitchen tool that is designed to chop, dice, and slice vegetables quickly and easily. It typically consists of a cutting board or container with a series of blades or grids that can be interchanged to achieve different cutting styles.\nWhat are the benefits of using a vegetable chopper?\nUsing a vegetable chopper can save you a lot of time and effort in the kitchen. Instead of spending minutes chopping each vegetable by hand, you can achieve the same result in seconds with a vegetable chopper. Additionally, a vegetable chopper can help you achieve more consistent results and avoid unevenly chopped pieces.\nWhat types of vegetables can be chopped with a vegetable chopper?\nA vegetable chopper can be used to chop a wide variety of vegetables, including onions, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, potatoes, and more. Some models are even designed to handle tougher vegetables like sweet potatoes and butternut squash.\nWhat should I consider when choosing a vegetable chopper?\nWhen choosing a vegetable chopper, there are several factors to consider, including:\n- Cutting style: Some vegetable choppers offer multiple cutting styles, while others are designed for specific types of cuts, such as dicing or slicing.\n- Capacity: The size of the chopping container or board will determine how much you can chop at once.\n- Blade quality: Look for a vegetable chopper with high-quality, sharp blades that can easily cut through your vegetables.\n- Ease of use: Consider how easy it is to assemble, clean, and store the vegetable chopper.\nWhat are the different types of vegetable choppers?\nThere are several types of vegetable choppers on the market, including:\n- Handheld choppers: These are small, compact choppers that are operated by hand. They typically consist of a container with blades attached to a plunger.\n- Manual choppers: Manual choppers are larger and more versatile than handheld choppers. They often feature interchangeable blades and can handle larger quantities of vegetables.\n- Electric choppers: Electric choppers are the most powerful and efficient type of vegetable chopper. They require electricity to operate and can chop large quantities of vegetables in seconds.\nWhat are some popular brands of vegetable choppers?\nThere are many brands of vegetable choppers on the market, but some of the most popular include:\n- Mueller Austria\n- Hamilton Beach\nHow do I use a vegetable chopper?\nThe exact process for using a vegetable chopper will depend on the model you choose, but most vegetable choppers are relatively easy to use. Simply place your vegetables in the container or on the cutting board, select the desired blade or grid, and push down on the plunger or turn the crank to chop your vegetables.\nHow do I clean and maintain my vegetable chopper?\nTo clean your vegetable chopper, disassemble it and wash the parts in warm, soapy water. Be sure to dry each part thoroughly before reassembling the chopper. Some vegetable choppers are dishwasher-safe, but you should always check the manufacturer’s instructions before putting your chopper in the dishwasher. To maintain your vegetable chopper, keep the blades sharp by sharpening them regularly and store the chopper in a dry,clean place when not in use. It’s also important to avoid putting too much pressure on the blades or using the chopper for tasks it’s not designed for, as this can cause damage and reduce its lifespan.\nCan a vegetable chopper be used for other foods besides vegetables?\nWhile vegetable choppers are primarily designed for chopping vegetables, some models can also be used for other foods like nuts, fruits, and cheese. However, it’s important to read the manufacturer’s instructions to determine if the chopper is suitable for these types of foods.\nHow do I know which vegetable chopper is right for me?\nChoosing the right vegetable chopper will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Consider factors like the size of your kitchen, the types of vegetables you frequently chop, and your budget when selecting a chopper. It’s also a good idea to read customer reviews and product comparisons to ensure you’re choosing a quality chopper that will meet your needs.\nWhat is the best chopper for vegetables?\nThe best chopper for vegetables will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Some popular and highly rated models include the Mueller Austria Pro-Series Multi-Blade Chopper, the Cuisinart CTG-00-SCHP Stainless Steel Chopper, and the Fullstar Vegetable Chopper.\nWhich type of chopper is best?\nThere are different types of vegetable choppers, including manual and electric models. The best type of chopper will depend on your personal preference and the specific tasks you need it for. Electric choppers tend to be faster and easier to use, while manual choppers may offer more control and precision.\nAre vegetable choppers worth it?\nFor anyone who spends a lot of time in the kitchen, a vegetable chopper can be a valuable tool that saves time and effort. They are especially useful for anyone who frequently prepares meals that require a lot of chopping, such as salads, soups, or stir-fries. If you value efficiency and convenience in the kitchen, a vegetable chopper may be worth the investment.\nWhat is the rate of veggie chopper?\nThe price of a vegetable chopper can vary depending on the brand, model, and features. Basic manual choppers can range from around $10 to $30, while electric choppers may cost between $20 and $100 or more.\nWhich chopper is best manual or electric?\nWhether a manual or electric chopper is best will depend on your needs and preferences. Electric choppers tend to be faster and easier to use, but may not offer as much control as manual choppers. Manual choppers may require more effort but can offer more precision and control.\nCan I use a blender as a chopper?\nWhile a blender can be used to chop vegetables, it may not be as efficient or precise as a dedicated vegetable chopper. Blenders are designed to blend and puree ingredients, while vegetable choppers are designed specifically for chopping and dicing.\nHow do I choose a food chopper?\nWhen choosing a food chopper, consider factors like cutting style, capacity, blade quality, and ease of use. You may also want to consider the specific tasks you will be using the chopper for and the frequency with which you will be using it. Reading product reviews and comparisons can also help you choose the best chopper for your needs.\nWhat are the disadvantages of choppers?\nWhile choppers can be a valuable tool in the kitchen, there are some potential disadvantages to consider. They may not offer as much precision as a knife, and some models may not be suitable for certain types of vegetables or other foods. Choppers can also take up storage space in the kitchen and may require regular maintenance to keep them in good working condition.\nWhat is the benefit of a vegetable chopper?\nThe main benefit of a vegetable chopper is that it can save time and effort in the kitchen. Choppers can also offer more consistent and precise cuts than chopping by hand, which can lead to better-looking and more evenly cooked dishes.\nWhich vegetables can be chopped in a chopper?\nVegetable choppers can be used to chop a wide variety of vegetables, including onions, carrots, peppers, broccoli, cauliflower, and more. Some models may also be suitable for chopping fruits, nuts, and cheese.\nCan a mini chopper chop onions?\nYes, a mini chopper can be used to chop onions. However, you may need to chop the onion into smaller pieces before adding it to the chopper, depending on the size of the chopper and the desired size of the onion pieces.\nWhat is the benefit of a vegetable chopper?\nThe main benefit of a vegetable chopper is that it saves a lot of time and effort when it comes to preparing vegetables for cooking or eating. By using a vegetable chopper, you can easily and quickly chop vegetables into uniform pieces, which can help improve the taste and presentation of your dishes. Additionally, using a chopper can be less strenuous on your hands and wrists than using a knife, which can be especially helpful for people with arthritis or other hand or wrist conditions.\nWhich vegetables can be chopped in a chopper?\nMost types of vegetables can be chopped in a chopper, including onions, carrots, potatoes, cucumbers, zucchini, bell peppers, and more. However, it’s important to note that different types of choppers may be better suited for certain vegetables. For example, a chopper with a small blade may not work as well for chopping larger vegetables like potatoes or squash. It’s also worth noting that some vegetables, like tomatoes, may not hold up as well to being chopped in a chopper and may become too mushy.\nCan a mini chopper chop onions?\nYes, a mini chopper can typically chop onions, as long as the onion is cut into smaller pieces that will fit inside the chopper. Some mini choppers may be better suited for this task than others, so it’s important to choose a chopper with a sharp blade and a motor powerful enough to handle chopping onions.\nWhich manual vegetable chopper is best in India?\nThere are many manual vegetable choppers available in India, so it’s important to consider your specific needs and preferences when choosing the best one for you. Some popular options include the Pigeon Handy Chopper, the Glen Manual Food Processor, and the Ganesh Vegetable Dicer. Each of these choppers has its own unique features and benefits, so it’s worth doing some research and reading reviews to help make an informed decision.\nWhat can I use instead of a chopper?\nIf you don’t have a chopper or don’t want to purchase one, there are a few alternatives you can use to chop vegetables. One option is to use a knife and cutting board, which can be a good way to get a precise chop and can be more versatile than a chopper. Another option is to use a food processor, which can be especially helpful for chopping larger quantities of vegetables quickly and easily. Finally, some people may find that a mandoline slicer or a grater can be a good alternative for certain types of vegetables.\nCan blenders chop vegetables?\nYes, many blenders can chop vegetables, although the results may not be as consistent as they would be with a chopper or food processor. When using a blender to chop vegetables, it’s important to use the pulse function rather than blending continuously, which can cause the vegetables to become too finely chopped or turn to mush. Additionally, it’s important to not overload the blender and to cut the vegetables into smaller pieces that will fit inside the blender jar.\nWhat is difference between food processor and chopper?\nWhile both food processors and choppers are designed to chop and process food, there are some key differences between the two. A food processor is typically larger and more powerful than a chopper, and can be used to chop, puree, and even knead dough. Food processors also typically come with a range of attachments and blades, which can be used for a variety of tasks. In contrast, a chopper is typically smaller and simpler in design, and is designed primarily for chopping vegetables and other small foods.\nA vegetable chopper is a great tool for anyone who loves to cook but wants to save time and effort in the kitchen. With so many types and brands of vegetable choppers on the market, it can be challenging to choose the right one. By considering factors like cutting style, capacity, blade quality, and ease of use, you can select a vegetable chopper that will make meal preparation easier and more enjoyable. Keep in mind that different models have different features, so it’s important to do your research and select the chopper that best meets your needs. Happy chopping!\nLeave a Reply", "label": "No"}
{"text": "diy rope or chain and drill holes and ball or knot Cascading Hanging Planters - Vertical Gardening\nTulips, pansies, and toadflax in shades of pink and white blend in this cool-season container garden. 'White Emperor' tulip is also known as 'Purissima'. Double-flowered 'Angelique' tulip evokes apple blossoms with its two-tone pink-and-white blooms. Repeat a combination of plants in pots or planting beds for greater impact.\nUse unique containers like vintage wooden boxes and buckets as container gardens. Be sure to drill drainage holes before planting. This variety of planters is filled with a mix of edibles, like lettuce, and decoratives, like marigolds and geraniums.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Posts filtered on Category\nThere are countless reported benefits to kids and teens that participate in sports. Increased confidence, creating friendships and team camaraderie, learning the value of hard work, and how to win, lose, and be a part of a team are just a few of the non-tangible results that go along with the many health benefits. Unfortunately, …\nBrowse previous blog posts by month and year of entry. You'll see all the posts for that time period.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Stuff I like. I post a lot of different shit, some of it will probably offend you :D\nMe! tagged \"me\"\nBowling with the kids :D\nat Museum of Science, Boston\nFather’s day loot :D\nMacGyver for the win\nDesperate times call for desperate measures\nThe moths like the demon movies", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A place to vent, get advice, share stories, share information, give advice, and maintain your sanity while dealing with a Narcissistic Personality Disordered Mother-In-Law\n|Jul 13, 2019||/r/NarcissisticMIL hits 100 subscribers|\n|May 2, 2016||/r/NarcissisticMIL is born|\nSubreddit GrowthHow /r/NarcissisticMIL growth compares with growth of 2,213,792 other subreddits.\n|No. 1,335,299||Fastest growing yesterday|\n|No. 92,633||Fastest growing last 7 days|\n|No. 122,704||Fastest growing last 30 days|\n|No. 140,639||Fastest growing last 90 days|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Photos Courtesy of Roux Engineering\nLAC installed 42 new aerators in the lake this summer, bringing the total number to 60. These aerators remediate pollution by circulating the water and adding dissolved oxygen. They operate from the bottom up, introducing oxygen where the lake needs it most and bubbling the air up through the entire water column to the surface. Constant lake aeration improves water quality by promoting biodegradation of lake sediments, reducing algae growth and odors, while enhancing fish habitat. The circulating water also reduces the amount of plant material present that will ultimately die and decompose.Decaying plants use oxygen and add nutrients in the form of nitrogen and phosphorus to a waterbody. These excess nutrients allow more algae and plant growth which is why adding oxygen and water circulation are so important for maintaining a healthy waterbody.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is now my gin of choice. I cannot wait foe it to be available in New Jersey and New York! The flavor is uniquely enjoyable.\nHands Down the best gin I have ever tasted. It is so smooth you can just drink it with a splash of tonic or even straight.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hi, thank you for your enquiry. Soaking rice is not absolutely neccessary but it does have its benefits. Soaking rice breaks down some of the hard-to-digest proteins, making assimilation much easier, and neutralizes phytic acid, which is an anti-nutrient that prevents absorption of minerals such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper. To put it in simpler terms, soaking renders the nutrients in grains more digestible and more easily assimilated by our bodies.\nBesides that, soaking also gives the grains a head start on cooking and yields a better texture.\nHope it helps. Have a nice day!\nTemasek Organic Fragrant Brown Rice 2018-10-10", "label": "No"}
{"text": "RECIPES AND HACKS\nICED FLAT WHITE\nPrep: 5 minutes\n2 x 30 ml shot of Jed’s espresso grind coffee*\nYour choice of sweetness!\n150 ml milk, frothed and cooled a little\nIce and Jed’s coffee beans to serve\nPut 2 shots of espresso coffee in the bottom of a tall glass and sweeten to taste with sugar or sweetener of preference.\nFill the glass with ice.\nPour over the frothed milk and garnish with coffee beans.\n2 teaspoons Jed’s freeze dried instant coffee dissolved in 60 ml boiling water OR\n90 ml Jed’s plunger coffee", "label": "No"}
{"text": "3 Dont make an entire row of the same plants. 85134056 – Plant on wooden table in neutral living room with green pillows.\nIt teaches the ultimate wisdom.\nBamboo plant living room. In the summer you should water this plant Very much often especially if it is a eingetopft. Thus bamboo plant helps movement of positive energy in turn generating more abundance prosperity. Set the plant on a coffee table to prevent chi energy from accumulating.\nExcess heat or cold may damage plants. Now there are 2 things that make the bamboo plant the Lucky Bamboo plant in feng shui. You already have a whole row of bamboo and another row in front of it would be too boring.\nFor feng shui enthusiasts lucky bamboo is an amazing plant that brings a very peaceful and wise energy into your home. While you can place a lucky bamboo plant in the southeast or east corner of a living room you can also place it in the south sector. The hollow pipe like structure of the plant helps in the movement of Chi Qi energy.\nThe wood element lucky bamboo will feed the fire element ruling the south sector. Its hollow from inside. 158331812 – Plush toy panda green bamboo plant in a pot on a white chair.\nHow to be flexible and hollow open on the inside so that the spirit can freely flow and heal your being. The bamboo is a clumping variety called Bambusa eutuldoides viridi-vittata Asian lemon bamboo. See more ideas about bamboo light decor basket lighting.\nLucky bamboo is an indoor and auspicious plant. So bring refreshing green plants like lucky bamboo syngonium money plant snake plant ficus microcarpa moon cactus Aloe Vera etc. Add to Likebox 101741806 – Bamboo bench in Batumi botanical garden Georgia.\nThis variety is a clumper and you do not need to contain it however do allow an 8by 10 area for its ultimate growth. 2 If the bamboo has small leaves use big-leaved plants below. Add to Likebox 158918192 – Stacked plates of wood in.\nFeng Shui Bamboo Plant In Living Room Lucky Bamboo Care Guide Growing Tips Facts Proflowers Blog Best Places For Lucky Bamboo In Your Home And Office Lovetoknow Zaavic 2 Layer Lucky Bamboo Plant With Big Round Glass Bowl And 6 Plants For Good Feng Shui Indoindians Com Feng Shui Bamboo Tree Stock Photo Spirally Plants For. You can purchase lucky bamboo plants already trained into different shapes and patterns or train one yourself in several months. Break it up into 3 sections with a different plant in each.\nBamboo does require constant maintenance and you will need to do some research for the specific variety you choose. Lucky Bamboo belongs to the lily family. Lucky Bamboo Dracena Sanderiana is called with different names at different places- Chinese water bamboo curly bamboo Belgian evergreen and Goddess of Mercy plant.\nBamboo Plant Stand Rack 6 Tier 7 Potted IndoorOutdoor Multiple Stand Holder Shelf Rack Planter Display for Patio Garden Living Room Corner Balcony and Bedroom 7 Flowerpots 47 out of 5 stars 131 3999 39. Keep proper room temperature for bamboo plants For good growth and survival of bamboo plants room temperature should be between 15 to 25 degrees centigrade at all times. He like no direct sunlight but grows well on bright and cool sitesTemperature between 20 and 25 degrees is perfect for the bamboo room.\nIt is effortless to grow both in soil and water. Herere those 2 reasons. He grows Very good in a vase full of water as well as in a flower pot.\nSorry I dont have specific plant suggestions. Lucky bamboo shapes are created not by training the plant with wireas is done with bonsaibut by carefully turning the plant to make it move toward the light as it grows. Feb 13 2019 – Explore Leny Sobieskis board Bamboo light fixtures on Pinterest.\nAs a gift there can be nothing better than living room plants because they would rectify the polluted atmosphere and also add beauty to the space. In your living room and enjoy a healthier air.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Akate Farms is one of the top farms in Ghana known for day-old-chicks supply, broilers, turkey, eggs supply, and feed milling service. They provide good service and match up to standards of poultry ethics. Akate Farms provide healthy day-old-chicks you can buy to start your poultry farm business. Akate Farm has been noted for its biggest farm and innovation in the poultry industry in Ghana.\nDarko farms have been known and cherished for poultry service in Ghana. They are all around in the poultry industry. They deal in day-old-chicks supply in West Africa, broiler chicken, cockerels, and much more poultry services they provide. Who is the best poultry farmer in Ghana? Darko Farms is owned by Mr. Kwabena Darko and he is the richest poultry farmer with many years of experience in the poultry farm business.\nBoris B’s Farms\nBoris B’s Farm is a promising and fastest-growing poultry farm in Ghana. Boris B is known for the major poultry products production like broilers, layers, and eggs production. Boris B Farm is known for veterinary service and hatchery service in the hatching and supply of day-old chicks.\nHolland Akokor deals in the importation of day-old chicks from reputable companies and distributes them to poultry farmers in Ghana. They supply a wide variety of poultry breeds of layers and broilers.\nDormaa Poultry Farmers Association\nYou may be wondering why I listed Dormaa Poultry Farmers Association. Here is the gist, they are known for their good services in the poultry industry in the Dormaa municipality in the Bono region of Ghana. They offer veterinary services and also supply almost every medication you need for your poultry farm business.\nBasically, all the poultry farmers have something in common and are all thriving hard to build the poultry industry in Ghana. The broiler production serves as the cheapest source of protein and not forgetting the eggs as well. In addition, these top poultry farms have employed a huge number of graduates to work it, this, however, shows their contribution to the economic development in Ghana.\nThe Agriculture sector in Ghana needs more than this. The future is still bright as a lot of vibrant agriculturists are popping up in the country and engaging actively in Agriculture, especially the poultry farming business.\nThese are the top 10 leading poultry farms that can be found in Ghana. There are a lot like Linnovac and some poultry farms not yet discovered and we hope to see them put much effort into the building of the poultry industry in Ghana.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Heat 3 tbsp of the oil in a 12-inch skillet over medium high heat. Add the chicken stripes and cook until thoroughly cooked, about 4-5 minutes. Remove the cooked chicken onto a plate.\nPour remaining oil into the skillet; add the potatoes and sauté for 5-6 minutes. Add pumpkin and red pepper and sauté until they start to soften about 3-4 minutes. Lower the heat to medium and add the chicken back into the skillet along with the thyme leaves. Stir everything together, season with salt and pepper to taste and cook 2-3 more minutes until vegetables are cooked.\nTop with Alfredo Sauce, cover with a lid until the sauce melts and gets warm and serve immediately.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BOTANICAL NAME: Prosopis glandulosa\nCOMMON NAME: Texas Honey Mesquite\nDESCRIPTION: Large, deciduous mesquite 30' height and spread. Bright green leaflets to 2\" are spaced apart and resemble the California pepper. Cold hardy to 0°.\nLANDSCAPE USES: Single or more commonly multi-trunk forms provide excellent filtered shade in xeriscape gardens or patios.\nCARE: Prune to shape and keep drooping branches out of pedestrian areas. Cold, heat and drought tolerant. Will benefit from supplemental irrigation and tolerates lawn conditions. Borers, leaf and seed pod litter can be problems with this tree.\nKelly Green Trees, Inc.\n14399 N. Wentz Road, Marana, Arizona 85653\nP.O.Box 10, Marana, Arizona 85653-0010\nPhone: 520-682-3037 or 520-682-2616\nPhone: 800 LIVE OAK Fax: 520-682-3579\nCopyright© KELLY GREEN TREES, 2000.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "WGL will donate carbon offsets to counterbalance the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the conference including energy use, hotel stays, food, and other waste.\nWGL Energy is also investing a portion of the proceeds from carbon offset purchases into the Carbon Reduction Fund, which is managed by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. The funds are used to develop new greenhouse gas-reducing projects and improve air and water quality in the Chesapeake Bay region.\nTheir partnership with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation has supported numerous projects including the reduction of fertilizer use through improved farming techniques, community restoration projects and the planting of tens of thousands of trees across the watershed.\nWGL Energy is sponsoring the Dueling Pianos at the MACo Winter Conference.\nThank you, WGL Energy, for\nsponsoring at the MACo Winter Conference!\nLearn more about MACo’s Winter Conference:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Energise Goji Pumpkin Seed Raw Bar (30g)\nWholesome nuts, raw super foods and plant protein all squeezed into these tasty bars. This product is Gluten-free, is Organic and is Vegan. There's no VAT charged on this item.\nDates, cashew butter, almond butter, almonds, hemp protein (8.6%), goji berries (7%), pumpkin seed paste (5%), vanilla", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mississauga-Based University Ranks Best in Canada\nPublished March 15, 2018 at 7:15 pm\nWhether you’re planning to study there, you’ve already graduated from there, or you still go there, you might be proud to know that a Greater Toronto Area (GTA) university has ranked as the best university in Canada!\nThe University of Toronto was established in 1827 and boasts three locations in downtown Toronto, Scarborough, and Mississauga. With over 88,000 students across three campuses, the epic university has indeed ranked as the best university in Canada, according to the QS World University Rankings 2018.\nU of T has also ranked #31 on QS’s grand-scale list of the best universities in the world.\nA research-focused institution, the University of Toronto has always been a leader in innovation and discovery. Did you know the University of Toronto discovered insulin in 1921 and the stem cell in 1963?\nIn 2018, the university has ranked incredibly high on academic reputation with a 99.7 rating, making it one of the third best in the world for academics. U of T ranks #15 in the world for graduate employability.\nHow has the University of Toronto ranked globally in the past?\nIn 2017, it was #32, moving up one spot this year. In 2016 it was #34, its lowest ranking, down 14 spots from 2015 when it was #20.\nWho topped the list?\nU of T scored incredibly well, but topping the list are the Massachusetts Insititute of Technology (#1), Stanford University (#2), and Harvard University (#3).\nTwenty-six other Canadian universities made the 2018 list, such as McGill (#32), the University of British Columbia (#51), McMaster (#140) and the University of Alberta (#90).\nYou can check out the full list here.insauga's Editorial Standards and Policies\nStay the know\nSubscribe now to receive our daily email of today's top stories in your city!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our range of planters, baskets and plant supports includes modern, traditional and innovative styles. Planters are a good way to move your plants around the garden without fuss or mess. With a basket and fixings you can bring colour and texture to your outside walls and fences most of the year round. Climbing plants require a place to grow, our plant supports come in a variety of designs, all great for your favourite climbers.\nCopyright © Thompson & Morgan, 2004-2017. All rights reserved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Turmeric Latte Mix\nTurmeric Latte Mix 70g Pack is a great way to get started and join the turmeric revolution.\n35 Servings per pack.\nIngredients: organic turmeric, organic Ceylon cinnamon, organic ginger, whole ground vanilla (natural and spray free), organic cardamom, organic chili, organic black pepper\nNon GMO, Gluten Free, Vegan", "label": "No"}
{"text": "27 Abr IO2 Piloting in Portugal\nIn.Cubo/Fab.Lab Alto Minho established a cooperation with EPRAMI – a VET school located in Paredes de Coura – and its 2 teachers who, in cooperation with João Rodrigues from Fab.Lab Alto Minho, implemented the IO2 during two classes. Because of the global pandemic and government closing schools the partner managed to carry out the chosen activities through online platforms.\nThe following activities were implemented: 2.4.3 – Recreating a Koala and 2.4.4 – Preparing a Design to Laser Cut and Engrave. Before the exercises, a presentation of the project and the Fab.Lab was made. By the end of the pilot we collected questionnaires from the 15 students and the feedback was positive.\nThe feedback from teachers was also very positive. Teachers found the exercises and the method easy to implement and even to adapt to other thematics. Teachers were pleased to participate in the Make your way project and were considering adopting the methodology further in the school year. They considered the activities engaging and meaningful.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This delicious savory roast with a glaze of honey, curry powder and soy sauce is perfect companion for a nice full bodied Indulge Cabernet Sauvignon and is easy to make.\nIn a bowl, whisk the soy sauce with the honey, sugar and curry powder.\nScore the top and bottom of the beef tenderloins in a crosshatch pattern about 1/2 inch deep.\nTransfer the tenderloin to a large zip lock bag and pour in the marinade. Turn the tenderloin to coat with the marinade, seal the bag and refrigerate overnight.\nPreheat the oven to 500°.\nTransfer the tenderloin and half of the marinade to a large rimmed baking sheet, reserving the other half for later.\nRub the top of the tenderloin with the vegetable oil.\nRoast the tenderloin in the upper third of the oven, basting every 8 to 10 minutes, for about 30 minutes. During the second basting (20 minutes in) add the second half of the reserved marinade and continue to cook until an instant-read thermometer inserted in the thickest part of the roasts registers 125° for medium-rare.\nTransfer the tenderloins to a carving board and let rest for 10 minutes. Deglaze the pan to create an au jus adding a little beef or veal stock and reduce to make a drizzle sauce. Slice the tenderloins and serve with the au jus drizzled over the meat.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An in-depth review, swatches, and demo of the Menagerie Cosmetics Violet Ink Micro Palette. A perfect pocket-sized purple palette.\nWarning: The account for thenewburygirl needs to be reconnected.\nDue to Instagram platform changes on March 2, 2020, this Instagram account needs to be reconnected to allow the feed to continue updating. Reconnect on plugin Settings page", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1tablespoonShado benioptional use coriander/cilantro in place\nScotch Bonnet or hot sauceminced, use the amount according to your heat threshold\nBlack pepper to taste\nIf you are using my homemade saltfish skip the below step and move onto preparing your buljol using with the hot of cold method\nIf you using storebrought saltfish, add the saltfish to a medium sized saucepan with water and leave to soak overnight or for several hours. Drain off the water and replenish with more water, bring to the boil and boil out the salt excess, if the water gets too salty (taste test) then drain off the water and continue to boil/drain until the water isn't salty.\nFor cold buljol\nAdd the saltfish, onion, garlic, tomato, bell peppers and scotch bonnet to a medium sized mixing bowl.\nThen mix all of the ingredients together so they are fully combined\nIn a small saucepan heat up the olive oil on high heat.\nDrizzle and fold in the olive into the vegetables and saltfish\nSeason with shado beni/coriander/cilantro and black pepper to taste\nSlice the avocados and serve\nFor the hot version of buljol\nAdd the olive oil to a large skillet on medium heat.\nSaute the onion and garlic until soft and translucent\nAdd the bell peppers and tomato and continue to cook for 5 minutes until the peppers are soft.\nFold in the saltfish, scotch bonnet and cook for another 2-3 minutes, stirring so the saltfish is combined and is heated all the way through.\nSeason with shado beni/coriander or cilantro and black pepper to taste", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a large pot over medium-low heat, roast the brown rice flour and olive oil into a roux, stirring frequently. Once the roux has darkened, set the mixture aside in a separate bowl away from heat.\nIn the same large pot, combine onions, garlic, carrots and water. Cover and cook on medium heat until the vegetables are tender, approximately 10 minutes. Add bell peppers, mushrooms, tomatoes and spices. Stir well, cover and cook for an additional 5 minutes.\nAdd the beans, okra and vegetable stock. Then, stir the rice flour roux back into the pot. Increase heat to medium-high until the stew reaches a boil, then reduce to a simmer, cover and let the flavors meld for 10 minutes. Add additional water or vegetable stock if a thinner stew is desired.\nPhotography by Kristen Penoyer", "label": "No"}
{"text": "摘要：Information on the Fe content of bare rocks is needed for implementing geochemical processes and identifying mines. However, the influence of Fe content on the spectra of bare rocks has not been thoroughly analyzed in previous studies. The Saur Mountain region within the Hoboksar of the Russell Hill depression was selected as the study area. Specifically, we analyzed six hyperspectral indices related to rock Fe content based on laboratory measurements (Dataset I) and field measurements (Dataset II). In situ field measurements were acquired to verify the laboratory measurements. Fe content of the rock samples collected from different fresh and weathered rock surfaces were divided into six levels to reveal the spatial distributions of Fe content of these samples. In addition, we clearly displayed wavelengths with obvious characteristics by analyzing the spectra of these samples. The results of this work indicated that Fe content estimation models based on the fresh rock surface measurements in the laboratory can be applied to in situ field or satellite-based measurements of Fe content of the weathered rock surfaces. It is not the best way to use only the single wavelengths reflectance at all absorption wavelengths or the depth of these absorption features to estimate Fe content. Based on sample data analysis, the comparison with other indices revealed that the performance of the modified normalized difference index is the best indicator for estimating rock Fe content, with R2 values of 0.45 and 0.40 corresponding to datasets I and II, respectively. Hence, the modified normalized difference index (the wavelengths of 2220, 2290, and 2370 nm) identified in this study could contribute considerably to improve the identification accuracy of rock Fe content in the bare rock areas. The method proposed in this study can obviously provide an efficient solution for large-scale rock Fe content measurements in the field.\n摘要：The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China and is considered as an important river to protect the oasis economy and environment of the Tarim Basin. However, excessive exploitation and over-utilization of natural resources, particularly water resources, have triggered a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as the reduction in the volume of water in the main river, deterioration of water quality, drying up of downstream rivers, degradation of vegetation, and land desertification. In this study, the land use/land cover change (LUCC) responses to ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River were investigated using ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) and GIS (Geographic Information System) data analysis software for the period of 1990–2018. Multi-temporal remote sensing images and ecological water conveyance data from 1990 to 2018 were used. The results indicate that LUCC covered an area of 2644.34 km2 during this period, accounting for 15.79% of the total study area. From 1990 to 2018, wetland, farmland, forestland, and artificial surfaces increased by 533.42 km2 (216.77%), 446.68 km2 (123.66%), 284.55 km2 (5.67%), and 57.51 km2 (217.96%), respectively, whereas areas covered by grassland and other land use/land cover types, such as Gobi, bare soil, and deserts, decreased by 103.34 km2 (14.31%) and 1218.83 km2 (11.75%), respectively. Vegetation area decreased first and then increased, with the order of 2010<2000<1990<2018. LUCC in the overflow and stagnant areas in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was mainly characterized by fragmentation, irregularity, and complexity. By analyzing the LUCC responses to 19 rounds of ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River from 2000 to the end of 2018, we proposed guidelines for the rational development and utilization of water and soil resources and formulation of strategies for the sustainable development of the lower reaches of the Tarim River. This study provides scientific guidance for optimal scheduling of water resources in the region.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Christy Webber Landscapes provided ground level and green roof landscaping for the new practice facility of the Chicago Bulls. This customized roof deck offers a place to congregate as well as hardy plants and grasses to give an urban garden oasis feel.\nSpring has Sprung, Chicago!\nThe Farmer's Almanac is calling for record high temperatures this week.\nHighs in the upper 60s and lows in the upper 40s.\nTime to start building a better world, one landscape at a time!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Are you 18 years old or older?\nSorry, the content of this store can't be seen by a younger audience. Come back when you're older.\nOrganic cotton T-shirt with A.P.C. 'flying A' logo.\n- Straight cut.- Sloping shoulder.- Red A.P.C. logo with 'flying A'.- 100% Cotton from organic farming.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the summer of 2017, my first working in the lab, I assisted Christina Minion who constructed soil chambers and calibrated forced diffusion (FD) chambers to be sent to the Arctic. As an engineering student, this was outside my direct area of study and so it was all the more exciting to learn about! I never expected to see the chambers in action at research sites in the boreal forests of Alaska but the lucky flip of a coin (truly!) gave me that opportunity. A major benefit of being part of FluxLab is working with assorted scientists and students on diverse projects in various subject areas, which enables multi-disciplinary learning through hands on experience.\nIn early May 2019, I boarded a flight at the Halifax airport for the long journey to Fairbanks, Alaska, where I would meet Christina, amongst the snow-covered-bear-roaming mountains, and learn more about the her research project, which is part of the NASA-funded Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). It was Christina’s sixth trip to the region as an environmental scientist, where she monitors Arctic greenhouse gas emissions. The sites we visited measure the seasonal changes in the CO2 flux and explore the main drivers of soil respiration.\nBoreal forests of the arctic are major sources of carbon storage, which is largely stored in permafrost. With a warming climate, soil respiration is expected to increase due to the rise in temperature and moisture of the soil, two key drivers of soil respiration. A warmer climate also facilitates more rampant forest fires in Alaska’s densely tree-covered land, and this environmental disturbance further disrupts the temperature and moisture conditions leading to increased soil respiration. The increase in soil respiration may lead to the thawing of permafrost and the release of carbon into the atmosphere and thus a massive reduction of stored carbon.\nDuring our ten-day trip, we visited six soil respiration stations located within a three-hour radius of Fairbanks. Sites were located in burned or unburned forests and the results present the changes in soil respiration at each. There are three FD chambers per site that rest at the surface and measure the CO2 flux. Three soil chambers are placed in the soil at set depths (5cm, 15cm and 25cm) to measure the soil temperatures and CO2 concentrations. A box holds data loggers and a pump, which allow for regulated pumping of the gasses from the FD chambers and the data from each chamber to be collected. There is also a moisture probe at a depth of 15cm and a temperature probe at a depth of 50cm. Providing the whole station with power is a solar panel that faces south, as well as at least two 12 Volt batteries to allow the station to continue running throughout the winter months when there is no more than a couple hours of sunlight. As I’m sure you can imagine, lugging the 50 LB batteries through the woods to the field sites was not the highlight of the trip…\nThe findings of this project confirm that the soil temperature and moisture are higher at burned sites compared to unburned sites. Moisture was consistently higher year-round at burned sites, and temperatures tended to be higher during the winter yet during the growing season were very similar to unburned sites. The soil respiration and the soil CO2 measurements were higher at burned sites as well. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of the soil respiration showed to be much higher at the unburned site compared to the burned site.\nAside from engaging in science during the trip, I captured far too many photos of the constant mountainous backdrop and the effortless allure of Alaska’s nature. As for the wildlife, I saw a moose, some caribou, many rabbits, and my first two grizzly bears! Overall, it was an incredible experience to learn of the soil respiration project and to visit such a beautiful part of the world.\nWorking for FluxLab, I have been fortunate to explore areas of environmental science where I feel I have learned more than any university class could have taught me. I hope to use this knowledge and incorporate it into my work as an engineer in the future.\nA big thank you to Christina for allowing me to tag along with her on her fieldwork, take many photos of her science in action and answering my endless questions with patience and ease. Many thanks to Sue Natali at WoodsHole Research Centre, and to Dave for granting me this wonderful opportunity.\nBy Meghan Flood", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Japanese tea ceremony is not just about the drinking of tea, it is a traditional art which includes philosophy, spirituality, behaviour and materialistic elements which has had a huge influence on Japanese culture. All the procedures and movements are standardised, each with its own meaning and unique place in the ceremony. You may not have half a day to spare for the formal tea ceremony but with this authentic and elegant tea set you can experience the essence of the art of the tea ceremony at home.\nThe Kit contains:\n- 1 x Japanese Organic Ceremonial Matcha 30g\n- 1 x Bamboo Matcha Whisk\n- 1 x Bamboo Matcha Scoop\n- 1 x Matcha Bowl\n- 1 x Guide & Information Leaflet\nTea Bowl – Chawan (茶碗) is a bowl used for making and drinking matcha tea and is the main item for a tea ceremony. They can be classified by country of origin, by potter or kiln, by shape, or by the type of tea they are designed to hold. Shallow bowls which allow the tea to cool rapidly are used in summer deep bowls in winter. This bowl is wide in diameter, providing enough room to use the whisk effectively therefore preventing the occurrence of lumps. It is hand crafted in Japan.\nTea Scoop – Chashaku (茶杓), a tea scoop or tea spoon, is used to transfer the powdered tea from the tea container (chaki) to the tea bowl (chawan). Usually made of a narrow, thin piece of bamboo, although historically there were also made of wood or ivory and intricately carved. The soul of simplicity.\nTea Whisk – Chasen (茶筅) are bamboo whisks used to mix the matcha powdered tea with hot water. They are carved from a single piece of bamboo. There are differences in their style according to the type of bamboo they are made from, the shape of the tines, the number of tines, the thickness of the bamboo, the length of the bamboo and the colour of the thread that is woven around the bottom of the tines. This high quality whisk with 100 tines will create a deliciously smooth and frothy matcha.\nWhat is matcha?\nMatcha is a finely milled vibrant green tea powder made from the highest quality Japanese tea leaves. Clearspring Organic Ceremonial Matcha comes from Uji, a region high in the hills around Kyoto, renowned for producing the best Japanese teas. Only accessibly by foot, this remote area is unpolluted and rich in friendly bugs such as spiders, ladybirds, praying mantis and dragonflies to keep the pests under control (best to use organic matcha as non-organic matcha is grown using excessive amounts of agricultural fertilisers and pesticides). Shade grown for the final few months to allow the leaves to fill with chlorophyll, the finest young tea buds are picked, dried and ground in a granite mortar.\nHigh-grade Organic Uji Matcha products are cultivated under the diligent management of Clearspring’s tea master Juro Okuda. The tea bushes are covered with cheese cloths for as long as possible to produce leaves of a deep green colour. It is very difficult to grow organic matcha; one must fight against both bugs and diseases. Harmful insects can appear because of small climate changes threatening the tea crop. For this reason, it is essential to manage the cultivation in a way that places primary importance on the natural ecosystem.\n- Matcha green tea powder* (100%)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It’s been eleven weeks (give or take a day or so) since we selected seedlings to plant out in the extended vegetable garden. The nursery visit was a distraction from the commencement of chemo that April Fool’s Day afternoon.\nIn less than two weeks, I will start four weeks of daily radiation therapy. Somewhere along the way, my hair will begin to grow again.\nAfter that, there will be decisions about medication that holds the prospect of longer-lasting side effects than either the chemotherapy or radiation. It is clear that serious discipline around exercise and nutrition will be required to manage and maintain my health and fitness from this point on.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a pinch, a low oven or dry hot holding cabinet can work if you add humidity and keep the rice tightly covered. If none of those options are feasible, you can also chill the rice and reheat it in small batches with a few drops of water.\nHow do you make rice more moist after cooking?\nIf your rice has absorbed too much liquid, the grains may have split and the starches may have given the rice a soft, gluey consistency. One way to fix that? Add even more liquid. Pour in some milk, a dash of vanilla, and spoonful of sugar, and suddenly your mushy rice is a rich rice pudding.\nHow do you keep rice warm and moist?\nIf you cook rice in a pot, the best way to keep it warm is to turn the stove onto its lowest heat setting and leave the rice there. Keep the lid on the pot to trap the moisture in with the rice. If you do not leave the lid on the pot, it’s likely that the rice will dry out as you’re keeping it warm.\nCan you pre cook rice and keep it warm?\nKEEPING RICE WARM: Steamed rice cooked in advance can be kept warm over barely boiling water. … When cooking is done, place the closed pan in a slow oven. Do not lift the lid until ready to serve.\nWhere do you store rice after cooking?\nSo the key is to cool and refrigerate leftover rice as quickly as possible. Spread it out in a thin layer on a baking sheet or tray so it cools rapidly. Then, when cold, put into a container, cover and chill in the fridge. Keep the rice for no more than a day before reheating it – and then only reheat it once.\nIs it bad to overcook rice?\nOvercooking rice can cause the development of cancer-causing substances. … Adding flavor to cooked rice is easy because the grain absorbs herbs, spices and liquids readily. Overcooked rice can however, pose a health hazard that includes nutrient depletion and increased risk of cancer.\nIs it OK to keep rice warm?\nYou can keep rice hot in a rice cooker if you leave it on. See the ‘Hot holding and delivery’ safe method for more advice on keeping food hot. Rice can contain spores from a type of harmful bacteria. If cooked rice is left at room temperature, the bacteria could start growing again from the spores.\nHow long can you keep cooked rice warm for?\nStoring rice in the rice cooker for several hours is completely safe, but keep it for a maximum of ten to 12 hours. However, leaving rice for that time is safe only if the keep-warm function keeps the rice at a temperature higher than 140 degrees Fahrenheit.\nHow do you keep rice warm for a potluck?\nSlow cookers and crock-pots are great tools for keeping rice warm. Each provides low and stable temperatures that will keep the rice from overcooking or burning. The lowest setting should be able to heat the water enough to keep the rice warm.\nWhy You Should Never reheat rice?\nHow does reheated rice cause food poisoning? Uncooked rice can contain spores of Bacillus cereus, bacteria that can cause food poisoning. The spores can survive when rice is cooked. … These bacteria will multiply and may produce toxins (poisons) that cause vomiting or diarrhoea.\nWhat is the fastest way to cool rice for fried rice?\nThe key to fresh rice is allowing it to cool slightly before using it. The cooling process can quickly be done by spreading the rice on a sheet pan at room temperature, or chill in the refrigerator for 5 to 10 minutes if you’re impatient like me. The rice should be cool to the touch before adding it to the pan.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What does SCADA stand for?\nS upervisory C ontrol A nd D ata A quisition, or simply supervisory, is a software system whose purpose is to control and supervise industrial systems by acquiring system data and sending commands to the system.\nThis type of system became very well known to the lay community in 2010, after it was reported in newspapers that Iranian uranium enrichment systems had been invaded by a computer virus, known as Stuxnet, which will be the subject of another article.\nSCADA systems have been used in the world since the 1960s\nUse of the SCADA system\nAs mentioned in the first paragraph, the purpose of a supervision system is to monitor and control and for that, these systems have two basic modules: one for development and another for executing the application.\nSCADA systems are widely used to control industrial processes and activities, as well as generating, transmitting, distributing electricity, monitoring data centers, controlling machines, equipment and buildings.\nSCADA System features\nSCADA systems are normally subdivided into two large modules with very different characteristics and functionality.\nThe first is the development mode, composed of one or more sub modules, and the second is the execution mode or runtime, which, as the name says, has the function of executing the developed system.\nIn general, the development modules of all SCADA software have a graphical interface, with the objective of creating objects with or without animations for the representation of the process whose objective is to monitor.\nAt this point, it is important to emphasize that systems development software has evolved a lot in recent years and, today, presents tools that reduce the need to resort to programming. Currently, only extremely advanced SCADA applications use custom programming.\nTo achieve the objective of monitoring and controlling industrial systems, SCADA software must have the ability to communicate with equipment. For this purpose, the applications provide communication modules, which are supplied with a large number of drivers, so that the exchange of information with equipment from the most diverse manufacturers is allowed.\nIt must be realized that efficient data communication is the key point of this type of system. It is in this way that we can carry out commands to drive electric motors, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, among others. It is also in this way that we can view the measured values through sensors.\nA point of attention, however, is the fact that the supervisory does not carry out any type of decision making that allows automatic control. This is not prohibited, however, it is not recommended, since SCADA software generally runs on operating systems, which are quite susceptible to failure.\nThis type of control is usually carried out via PLCs and DCSs, which will be the subject of other articles.\nSCADA systems also have tools to track the activities performed by users of the system, as well as to display diagnostics of equipment failures or stages of the production process.\nFor this, the information received by the supervisor is stored in a database, so that they are available for later consultation.\nThis information is used to generate alarms indicating failures or malfunctions of the system, in addition to events, to indicate any event relevant to the operation of the system.\nThe possibility of visualizing the sequence in which the events occurred in the system is an important tool to diagnose the root cause of problems in an industrial plant.\nIn addition, as the information is received in real time, it is possible to check how it behaves graphically over time, which allows an analysis of the information trends and to predict the future behavior of the system, or even identify points of failure that have occurred. in the past.\nSome systems also have statistical analysis tools, which allow the implementation of several failure indicators that provide the application of the theory of continuous production improvement, through the reduction of failure times and between failures.\nAll information available and stored by the SCADA system can also be used to generate reports. Many applications have functions for creating customized reports, where it is possible to create a web page, or a text file that contains relevant information about the production in a defined interval of time.\nSCADA systems currently on the market\nCurrently, the major manufacturers of automation equipment have one or more SCADA systems, some that cater to all types of industrial segments, and others that cater to specific segments of the industry.\nSome of these systems stand out due to their ease of use or development, while others offer specific tools, which are widely used in a specific industry segment.\nOther systems still have limited functionality, but have a lower acquisition and implementation cost, which makes them attractive when you don’t have large investment budgets.\nOur objective here will be to list the main software used by the market, as a reference, without however making a characterization as to what is better or worse.\nSo, check below the main software for the development of SCADA systems in the world, and who are their manufacturers:\nInTouch HMI – Schneider Electric\nWonderware System Platform – Schneider Electric\nSIMATIC WinCC – Siemens\nFactory Talk – Rockwell\nRSView32 – Rockwell\nCimplicity – General Electric\niFIX – General Electric\nExperion – Honeywell\nElipse SCADA – Elipse Software\nElipse E3 – Elipse Software\nVijeo Citect – Schneider Electric\nPowerSCADA – Schneider Electric\nSage – CEPEL", "label": "No"}
{"text": "[et_pb_section admin_label=”section”][et_pb_row admin_label=”row”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text” background_layout=”light” text_orientation=”left” use_border_color=”off” border_color=”#ffffff” border_style=”solid”]\nBed Bugs in the Fall and Winter Months: While bed bugs can be less active in the winter, they can still survive as long as they have food to eat. They can survive for several reasons. First of all, mildly cold temperature does not kill bed bugs and their eggs.\nIt has been scientifically proven that only a temperature of about 16 Celsius and below can kill bed bugs and their eggs. And they have to be exposed to this extreme temperature for up to 80 straight hours before they die.\nBut who will subject his/her apartment to such extreme temperature? Bed bugs live in hidden parts of chairs, tables and beds and these hidden parts are usually warmer than the other parts of the house. So, there are quite comfortable even in the cold days of winter.\nNaturally, when you’re ready for bed, you will hide yourself under the warmth of your duvet. This makes your bed even more suitable for bed bugs as they will also enjoy the warmth of your bed.\nApart from bed warmth, during winter, you will definitely make your whole house warm. This is exactly where bed bugs thrive.\nIn short, bed bugs survive winter because the conditions that will eliminate them will also be unbearable for the human occupants of every house. This is the major reason bed bugs will continue to thrive in houses as long as human beings live in it.\nEven though bed bugs are not harmful to humans, they can cause a big embarrassment for you in public. They can hide in corners of your shirt without you even noticing and they will only come out when you are in the midst of your friends or colleagues! Nothing can be more embarrassing.\nWhen you notice bed bugs in your house, the best thing is to hire an expert to come and inspect the extent of infestation after which he or she will come for proper bed bug treatment. A lot of people make the mistake of fumigating just once. The fumigation should be at least twice with an interval of 7 to 14 days.\nThe second session of fumigation is to get rid of the offspring from the eggs that may have found a way to survive the first fumigation.\nThe second way to prevent the infestation of bed bugs is to avoid buying used sets of furniture and if you have to buy them, it is better to fumigate them before taking them into your home or apartment. This is because they may have been infested by bugs before being sold out.\nSometimes you may lodge hotel or in the same room with someone who has been infested. Some of the bugs will move into your luggage and you will go back home with “uninvited guests”.\nThis is the main reason you should wash all your clothes immediately after a trip. Some people even prefer to soak their clothes in a very hot water before washing them.\nIf you think you might have a bed bug infestation in your home or office, please give us a call. We can eliminate the problem for you.\nUse the contact form on this page or give us a call today and speak with one of our highly trained representatives. We are here to help. 866-667-5898\n“Take care of the customers you have, and you’ll always have customers to take care of!”.\nYour satisfaction is our goal. If you aren’t completely satisfied, we will work with you until you are.\nTerry Teague - President of Extermital.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Normal Dog Behavior\nDogs normally go through different changes in their appetite mainly due to obvious reasons such as when a dog has had a lot of exercise, a young dog that is growing, a dog that is impregnated, or when the dog is simply not getting fed the correct amount. However if your dog starts to develop any of the following unusual eating habits, it's probable the dog has some sort of health or emotional disorder.\n- The dog asks for at all times of the day, even right after he has been fed.\n- The dog begins to eat things he normally would not, and sometimes even eats inedible things.\n- The dog devours his as quickly as he can. (This is not uncommon though when there are two or more eating together in the same room).\n- The dog starts eating his own feces and those of other animals.\nDog Appetite questions and answers\nQ: Misty, my German shepherd has recently come up with some strange eating habits. She's constantly asking for even right after we have fed her. We've even caught her stealing from the kitchen (which she never did before) and she's eating her own feces.\nA: There are two reasons Misty could be acting this way. She might be going through some behavior problems. The other possibility is that Misty might be having health problems. If she has been losing weight besides acting in this unlikely manner, it's possible that she is very sick. German Shepherds have propensity to getting a disease called Insufficient Pancreatic Exocrine (IPE); this disease blocks the absorption of necessary nutrients to the intestines. Check to see if your dog is using the bathroom more often, and if the color of the feces are light and greasy looking, and smellier than usual. Dogs with this problem often times eat their feces because their feces contain undigested and \"hungry\" try to satisfy their hunger with it. The treatment for this disease usually consists of feeding the dog a special diet that your veterinarian will let you know about.\nQ: Our Yorkshire terrier Tabitha, used to be a light eater; that is, until we brought our new puppy, Tim, into the . Tabitha's started gobbling her down without even chewing it and she even steals from little Tim. This has been going on for a while now and she's starting to gain weight. What should we do to resolve this problem?\nA: It sounds like Tabitha is going through some \"jealousy\" problems, and is not enjoying the presence of a new puppy in \"her\" home. She's probably afraid that little Tim is going to steal her from her and this is probably what is making her gulp down her . However this new habit can actually cause Tabitha to have health problems and give her gas. Feeding the in separate rooms is something you may want to try and take both away from them after about 20 minutes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Throughout its 65-year history, 4-H Camp in Monticello, IL has relied almost exclusively on donations to build, expand, and renovate.\nBy the time 4-H Memorial Camp was conceived in 1944 (less than a year before the end of World War II), Illinois 4-H members were no strangers to supporting a cause. 9,817 Illinois 4-Hers fought in the war, while countless others actively contributed on the home front. They salvaged rubber, metal, paper, and other useful materials for the \"Salvage for Victory Program.\" They planted victory gardens and learned food preservation. In one of their most notable drives, Illinois 4-Hers donated three ambulances to the American Red Cross after raising over $4,500.\nIn September of 1944, with the war coming to a close, the Joint 4-H Advisory Committee proposed a memorial for 4-H members and alumni who lost their lives in battle. It was ultimately voted that this memorial would be a State 4-H Camp.\nThe camp was to be funded entirely by donations, with the committee setting a budget of $1 million over 10 years for the statewide camping program. With only $420 left from previous wartime fundraising, 4-H club members were tasked with collecting nearly half of the $1 million sum, with individual donations from 4-H supporting businesses making up the rest.\nIn July of 1946, young philanthropist, Robert Allerton, made a donation of 250-acres from his estate in Monticello, IL to house the camp. Enthusiastic about the cause, he also offered his neighboring mansion for 4-H use.\nWith the land acquired, it was left to 4-H executives to devise a funding plan. The fundraising goal for each county was calculated by 4-H club membership x $1 x 10 years. In today's dollars, that was about $12 per 4-Her per year. As an additional incentive, the first 30 counties to raise $1,500 were given the privilege of naming a cabin.\nPiatt County, one of the counties to earn naming rights, earned a third of their goal by hosting a community jamboree. The event featured \"fried chicken plate lunches, a pie auction, cake walk, and a raffling of a turkey along with 23 other prizes.\"\nOther 4-Hers rallied to collect money by \"selling popcorn, chickens, food sales, picking cherries, sitting with babies, gleaning corn fields, bunco parties\" and more.\nBuildings were constructed as funds became available. By 1948, a dam creating a two-acre lake was built, as well as a shelter, bathroom, and wellhouse. While still in the beginning phases of construction, 4-H Memorial Camp opened for the first time for rudimentary camping in July, 1948.\nBy 1950, the 4-year funding blitz began to wane – so much so, that construction came to a halt April 1 due to lack of funds. Key projects such as the dining hall and sanitary facilities were left unfinished. Having firmly decided against borrowing funds, committee members feared the camp would have to remain closed for the year.\nHearing the news, Wilkinson Lumber Co. offered to advance building supplies without interest until January of the next year. Frank Mynard, Specialist in 4-H Club Work, explained, \"Without this show of faith by [Wilkinson Lumber Co.] in the ability of 4-H members to raise the funds that summer, the development of the camp would have been delayed for some time.\"\nWith the advancement of supplies, 1950 became a landmark year for construction. The dining hall and kitchen, toilets, and first cabin for campers were completed in time for opening of summer camp.\nThe brand-new facilities sparked new interest in camp funding and 4-Hers were able to successfully reimburse Wilkinson Lumber on time. After the Illinois State 4-H Junior Leadership Conference was held at the camp, the delegates returned to their homes to stimulate even more support for the camp. By December 31, 1950, $131,524.86 had been raised.\nThroughout the following decades, more and more facilities were added: dozens of cabins, a diving tower, boat docks, sewage facilities, a recreation shelter, a health center, a craft shop, offices, a laundry building, sporting courts, and more. The lake was also eventually expanded to 16-acres and included a beachfront.\nWhen it came time to refurbish buildings in the '90s, continued donations made it possible. Various construction companies provided discounted or free materials and labor to aid the construction projects.\nDonors were also given the privilege to name a cabin, as 30 of the original cabins had to be rebuilt to renew structural integrity. Working with the College of ACES Office of Advancement and the Illinois 4-H Foundation, over $250,000 of funds were donated and then matched by operational dollars generated by programs at 4-H Memorial Camp to rebuild the original cabins. Curt Sinclair, camp manager and program director, said, \"This opportunity allowed donors to share their appreciation and belief in the camping program. It also afforded someone the chance to carry their family's name and vision into the future.\"\nCurt Sinclair, Camp Director, holds a check for $9,105 as part of the 4-H 'Adopt A Cabin fundraiser.\nWith future donations, 4-H Memorial Camp hopes to complete the Dining Hall remodeling project; rebuild all five bathhouse units; and add the program offerings of a swimming pool and trap shooting range. Tax-deductible donations can be given online or mailed.\nUniversity of Illinois Foundation\nP.O. Box 3429\nChampaign, IL 61826-3429\nToday, the program is as vibrant and alive as ever with over 9,000 campers participating in one of 129 camp events in 2013. Sixty-five years ago it would have been hard to imagine that over half a million 4-H Campers would have added a treasured camp memory from their experience at 4-H Memorial Camp.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "History of Spain\nThe History of Spain covers the region from prehistory to the 1980s. For recent events see Spain\nThe Iberian Peninsula has been settled for millennium. In fact, some of Europe's most impressive Paleolithic cultural sites are located in Spain, including the famous caves at Altamira that contain spectacular paintings dating from about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. The Basques, Europe's oldest surviving group, are also the first identifiable people of the peninsula.\nBeginning in the ninth century BC, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Celts entered the Iberian Peninsula. The Romans followed in the second century BC and laid the groundwork for Spain's present language, religion, and laws. Although the Visigoths arrived in the fifth century AD, the last Roman strongholds along the southern coast did not fall until the seventh century AD.\nThe building of a strong centralized power in the medieval period represented the victory of the crown over other power institutions, such as the nobility or self-governing towns.\nMuslims and Crusaders: 711-1492\nIn 711, North African Moors sailed across the straits, swept into Andalusia, and within a few years, pushed the Visigoths up the peninsula to the Cantabrian Mountains. The Reconquista (wars to drive out the Moors) lasted until complete success was achieved in 1492. By 1512, the unification of present-day Spain was complete.\nMuslims crossed from Africa into Spain early in the eighth century and in 711 at the battle of Río Barbate, they defeated the Visigoths and pressed forward to capture Toledo. By 718, the Moors (the name given North African Muslims by the Spaniards) had completed their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, except for small Christian remnants in the Pyrenees. They remained on for the next 674 years until driven out by Spanish and Portuguese Christians.\nThe period of the Spanish Crusades began in the eleventh century when a religious revival was initiated by Cluniac monks in the small kingdoms in the north of Spain, which had recovered some of their lost territory. The revival expressed itself in a growing hatred for the infidel. Slowly yet steadily, at first sparked mainly by Burgundians and Normans from France, the Christians began to force the Moors out of northern and central Spain. Known as the Wars of the Reconquest, these centuries-long conflicts intensified the Catholic sentiments of the people, developing an intense, even fanatical unity of religion and patriotism which was long characteristic of the Spaniards.\nBy the middle of the 15th century, the last bastion of Moorish power on the peninsula was the kingdom of Granada in southwestern Spain. When the marriage of Isabella, Queen of Castile, to Ferdinand, Prince of Aragon, in 1469 united Spain, they vigorously began their last campaign against the Moors. In January 1492 the Spanish entered the city of Granada and Moorish power ended in Europe. The expulsion of the Moors from Spain may be considered the last of the many medieval crusades.\nMyths and memory\nhe myth of Al-Andalus, the Arab-Islamic civilization of medieval Spain centered in Andalusia, was probably born among exiled Muslims in the 16th century. With the return of democracy in the 1970s, most Spaniards came to accept Al-Andalus proudly as part of their history, and it became a symbol of tolerance, even if the level of tolerance of Christians and Jews as second-class subjects in Al-Andalus would not be acceptable today. Nevertheless, Al-Andalus has been very useful to Spain as a platform for dialogue with Arab nations and the broader Muslim world.\nDuring the 16th century, Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe, due to the immense wealth derived from its presence in the Americas. But a series of long, costly wars and revolts, capped by the defeat by the English of the \"Invincible Armada\" in 1588, began a steady decline of Spanish power in Europe. Controversy over succession to the throne consumed the country during the 18th century, leading to an occupation by France during the Napoleonic era in the early 1800s and a series of armed conflicts throughout much of the 19th century.\nIn the late 18th century Spain at last attempted to reform the administration of its colonies. Some progress was made, but the improvements also stimulated a demand for more autonomy and even independence on the part of the creoles (people of Spanish descent born in the colonies).\nSpain had built a large empire, primarily in South America and Central America; most of the colonies revolted about 1820, and many of the remainder were lost in 1898. Historians explain the collapse on an anticolonial, national consciousness among Creoles; peninsular misrule and economic mismanagement; and the seismic effects of geopolitical upheaval, particularly the Napoleonic occupation of Spain.\nInternally, Spain was in turmoil, with three wars over the succession issue; the Carlist Wars that pitted conservative against liberal and led to the brief ousting of the monarchy and establishment of the First Republic (1873–74); and, finally, the Spanish-American War of 1898, in which Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the United States.\nThe loss of the War of 1898 reopened divisions between traditionalist conservatives and reformist liberals, causing deep cultural and political rifts that have still not completely healed.\nA period of dictatorial rule (1923–31) ended with the establishment of the Second Republic. It was dominated by increasing political polarization, culminating in the leftist Popular Front electoral victory in 1936. Pressures from all sides, coupled with growing and unchecked violence, led to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936.\nFollowing the victory of his nationalist forces in 1939, General Francisco Franco ruled a nation exhausted politically and economically. Spain was officially neutral during World War II but followed a pro-Axis policy. Therefore, the victorious Allies isolated Spain at the beginning of the postwar period, and the country did not join the United Nations until 1955. In 1959, under an International Monetary Fund stabilization plan, the country began liberalizing trade and capital flows, particularly foreign direct investment.\nDespite the success of economic liberalization, Spain remained the most closed economy in Western Europe—judged by the small measure of foreign trade to economic activity—and the pace of reform slackened during the 1960s as the state remained committed to \"guiding\" the economy. Nevertheless, in the 1960s and 1970s, Spain was transformed into a modern industrial economy with a thriving tourism sector. Its economic expansion led to improved income distribution and helped develop a large middle class. Social changes brought about by economic prosperity and the inflow of new ideas helped set the stage for Spain's transition to democracy during the latter half of the 1970s.\nUpon the death of General Franco in November 1975, Franco's personally designated heir Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon assumed the titles of king and chief of state. Dissatisfied with the slow pace of post-Franco liberalization, he replaced Franco's last Prime Minister with Adolfo Suarez in July 1976. Suarez entered office promising that elections would be held within one year, and his government moved to enact a series of laws to liberalize the new regime. Spain's first elections since 1936 to the Cortes (Parliament) were held on June 15, 1977. Prime Minister Suarez's Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), a moderate center-right coalition, won 34% of the vote and the largest bloc of seats in the Cortes.\nUnder Suarez, the new Cortes set about drafting a democratic constitution that was overwhelmingly approved by voters in a national referendum in December 1978.\nIn June 2014 King Juan Carlos stepped down. As a result of it his son Prince Felipe is the king of Spain.\n- Barton, Simon, A History of Spain (Palgrave Essential Histories) (2009) excerpt and text search\n- Carr, Raymond, ed. Spain: A History (2nd ed. 2001), excerpt and text search;\n- Carr, Raymond. Spain 1808-1975 (2nd ed. 1997), 888pp; outstanding for political and social history online edition\n- Junco, José Alvarez, and Adrian Shubert, eds. Spanish History since 1808 (2000), essays by scholars\n- Kames, Henry. A Concise History of Spain (1973)online edition\n- Lloyd, Alan. The Spanish Centuries: A Narrative History of Spain from Ferdinand and Isabella to Franco (2002), popular excerpt and text search\n- O'Callaghan, Joseph Y. A History of Medieval Spain (1975) 728 pp online edition\n- Pierson, Peter. The History of Spain (2008) excerpt and text search; online 1999 edition\n- Rodgers, Eamonn, and Valerie Rodgers. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Spanish Culture (1999). 594 pgs. online edition\n- Charles Julian Bishko, \"The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095-1492\" in H. W. Hazard, ed. The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (1975) pp 396-456\n- Gabriel Paquette, \"The Dissolution of the Spanish Atlantic Monarchy\". Historical Journal 2009 52(1): 175-212", "label": "No"}
{"text": "History of St. Leonard\nSt Leonard (AD 485 – 560) is believed to have been a Frankish nobleman, raised in the court of Clovis, King of the Salian Franks, and baptised with 3,000 of Clovis’ subjects in 498 by St Remigus, Archbishop of Rheims. But the only evidence for this tradition – which claims that St Leonard immediately decided to follow a religious calling, can be found in the earliest work of his ‘Life’ dating from the eleventh century.\nIn 507, after the battle of Vougle, he was given permission by Clovis to release any prisoner he visited, including prisoners of war. The King was deeply impressed by St. Leonard’s judge of character, humility and sense of Godliness. He was also offered an archbishopric, which he refused, believing that acceptance would be contrary to Christ’s plan for him. Soon after he joined a monastic group at Micy (Orléans).\nLater, while Clovis was hunting nearby, Clothilde, his wife, went into labour; St Leonard prayed with him through the night and, following safe delivery (possibly of their daughter, also Clothilde), Clovis offered him as much land as he could ride around in one day on a donkey. St Leonard used the land to establish a monastery at Noblat near Limoges, where he became Abbott. In old age he retreated to the surrounding forest and lived as a hermit.\nSt Leonard is the Patron Saint of prisoners, pregnant women, country dwellers and horses, and is usually depicted with prison chains.\nIn England St Leonard’s fame spread quickly and many churches from the time of William I were dedicated to him. There are 162 churches dedicated to St Leonard in England today. Some 20 English monasteries and 30 hospitals were known to have been dedicated to St Leonard, including the Monastery hospital in Grimsbury, (situated near the site of the present Elephant and Castle pub), from where we gain our dedication.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Feasibility study for methane capture\nA feasibility study of a novel mechanism for capturing and breaking down methane was completed at the start of 2017/18. The aim of this study was to test the practicality of capturing methane emitted from housed cattle and stored animal waste, and injecting it in the soil for oxidation by methanotrophs. Laboratory column studies showed the soils did not prime adequately to make removal of methane from housed animals practicable. NZAGRC funding is not continuing in this area.\nBack to News", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Higher education needs to be under continuous revision and improvement not only to satisfy the needs of a changing society, but also to attract students. Regular evaluation of study programmes, the individual courses and the teaching is crucial. Evaluation can be done in different ways, e.g. by students, former students, employers or experts from other universities; a self-assessment by the education institution itself might be done as well.\nStudent course evaluations\nStudents are the \"consumers\" of higher education; it is important, therefore, to get their evaluation of the teaching. The aim of teaching is to promote effective student learning, and students usually give positive evaluation if they have learnt from the course, and the teaching has facilitated their learning.\nStudent course evaluations should be done in every course (module) included in the education programme. There should be a course evaluation at the end of a course, and preferably there should also be a mid-course evaluation, giving students the possibility to have an impact on the course they are taking. It is important that the issue of course evaluation is discussed with course faculty, departmental head and students so that everyone understands and agrees upon the purpose, process and outcomes -otherwise such evaluations might be seen as a threat.\nCourse evaluation can be done through questionnaires to be filled by each student (or by groups of students), and it can be done through oral discussions. Course evaluation questionnaires often focus on assessment of an individual teacher as a basis for decisions about promotion and salary increases. Such evaluation might be needed, but should not be the main purpose of student course evaluations; these should, first of all, aim at improving the courses and the teaching! The students' ratings and comments will help to identify what could be changed in a course, e.g. in content, methods for teaching and examination, teaching materials, as well as in course organization and administration.\nThe issue whether written course evaluations should be anonymous or not is important, and the answer is both yes and no. By making them anonymously, students feel at less risk of being \"punished\" if they are critical. However, if these evaluations will influence a teacher's possibility for promotion or salary increase, it seems fair that the forms are signed by the students; but that requires that someone not involved in assessing and grading the students administers and transcribes the course evaluations. An option could be to let students do evaluation in groups; the extremes are then usually balanced out. In all cases, however, it is important that students are told also to comment upon what was good or bad, and why, as well as how things could have been done better.\n|Some questions in a course evaluation questionnaire could be the following (leave space for comments under each question):||Rating scale\n|What is your overall impression of the course?||(very bad - very good)|\n|Do you find the course objectives relevant and meaningful?||(not at all - fully)|\n|Were the objectives of the course fulfilled?||(not at all - fully)|\n|Questions specific to various parts of the course.||(very bad - very good)|\n|What do you think of the teaching methods used?||(very bad - very good)|\n|How were connections between theory and application?||(very bad - very good)|\n|Opportunities to reflect upon and process the topics?||(very bad - very good)|\n|What do you think of the examination?||(very bad - very good)|\n|Did you do your best to learn from the course?||(not at all - very much)|\n|How was the workload in relation to the course credits?||(too low - too heavy)|\n|How was the course organization?||(very bad - very good)|\n|What do you think of the course literature?||(very bad - very good)|\n|How do you feel that your understanding of the subject:|\n|was before the course?||(very bad - very good)|\n|is now, after the course?||(very bad - very good)|\n|What was the best with the course?||(comments only)|\n|What would be the most important improvements to make?||(comments only)|\nThe rating scale might, for example, range from 1-5 or from 1-9. Choosing the latter scale means that the ratings easily can be grouped into three categories if desired (1-3, 4-6, 7-9) when data are compiled.\nEvaluation results should be compiled; Microsoft Excel, for example, can be used to [Summarize ratings], whereas students' comments, might be summarized manually. The evaluation results should be distributed to the teachers involved in the course and to the department head / director of studies. Nasty comments about an individual teacher might be better to give just to the person concerned, and possibly also to the department head / director of studies. Most people getting an unfavourable evaluation will become better teachers only if the criticism is handled with care; otherwise it might rather have a negative impact on their teaching. One should also keep in mind that there is no reason to worry too much about negative evaluation results unless they are repeated in several years. Students should also be notified of the importance to give constructive criticism.\nStudent course evaluation results should not only be compiled but also be interpreted. Analyse why students reacted negatively on specific parts, and discuss whether, and what actions are required. It can be useful to write a [Course Report] (1-2 pages) giving some background information about the course, plus summarizing the students' evaluations and the teachers' experiences of the course, as well as providing suggestions for improvements. The report can be distributed to students, to teachers involved, to department head / director of studies, and to the teaching committee for the education programme (if there is such a committee). The report will be useful when planning the next year's course; it also demonstrates to students that their evaluations are considered. Teachers could also do a self-evaluation of their teaching and compare that with the results from the student evaluations.\nEvaluation of the education programme\nIt is important to evaluate not only individual courses, but also the education programme as a whole. This is necessary in order to see that the education objectives are fulfilled, that the individual parts fit together, that important parts are not missing and that the programme is in phase with changing demands in society, nationally and internationally. Programme evaluation can be done at different levels: by students, former students, teachers and employers, by peer-reviews and at ministry or other authority levels. The individual university teachers are usually involved in parts of this evaluation, and should also actively consider the results.\nContinuous evaluation by graduating students\nEvaluation of the education programme can be done continuously by the students completing their BSc or MSc degree, for example. Such an evaluation might contain a large number of questions to be graded and commented on by students, who can also be asked to give suggestions on how the study programme could be further improved.\nSome issues to include in student evaluation of education programmes could be:\n- fulfilment of the objectives of the education programme\n(plus questions on specific parts of the objectives)\n- length of the education programme in relation to the content\n- teachers' commitment, subject knowledge and teaching skills\n- amount of compulsory courses, and possibilities to elect courses\n- co-ordination between courses (in content, in schedule etc)\n- demands in relation to credits assigned\n- thesis work and supervision\n- internships and professional insights\n- multi-disciplinary approaches\n- study counselling\n- facilities and social environment\n- tools for life-long learning\n- overall impression of the education programme\n- the best aspects of the programme\n- suggestions for improvements.\nThe only cost for this evaluation will be the labour required to [Summarize ratings] and comments regularly.\nFollow-up evaluations by former students\nIt could be worthwhile to do follow-up evaluations of the study programme by former students who have been working for 1 or 2 years after completing their degree. They are in a good position to tell what knowledge and skills gained through their education were the most useful in their jobs, and also what they have been lacking.\nIn addition to continuous evaluations by students, more thorough evaluation of an education programme is needed at regular intervals, e.g. every 5-10 years. The decision to do such evaluation is often taken at ministry level, and it might include a self-evaluation performed by the education institution (involving students, teachers and employers), as well as national and international peer-reviews. Important areas to cover might include the following:\n- Background information, e.g. i) objectives, formal contents and organization of the education programme, ii) numbers of student applicants per seat and their age, sex, social and ethnic background, as well as fulfilment of prerequisites, iii) access of teachers, their qualifications and possibilities/incentives for developing those, iv) facilities and financing.\n- Implementation of the education programme: such as i) contents and their academic and professional quality, ii) teaching methods, iii) examination methods, iv) links with research, v) national and international co-operation with other academic institutions and with industry, vi) physical and social working environment as experienced by students and teachers and vii) study counselling, viii) student influence, responsibility and systems for student evaluations. , e.g. i) fulfilment of objectives, ii) examination results, iii) results from students' evaluations, iv) percent students completing the degree in the time allocated, v) internationalization achieved, vi) percent students getting a relevant job, vii) employer satisfaction and viii) tools for life-long learning.\nAn evaluation of the education programme can preferably include analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). It is also important to discuss the relevance of the education objectives and the tools to reach them, as well as the efforts for continuous quality improvement of the education programme. The evaluation should give suggestions for improvements. It is essential, though, that these suggestions are discussed with faculty, students and stakeholders before the final evaluation document is produced.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tree invasions into treeless areas: mechanisms and ecosystem processes\nFormat Extent583821 bytes\nMetadataShow full item record\nNon-native tree invasions occur not only in woodland or forest vegetation, but also into areas with little or no native tree presence. Limiting factors for tree establishment and survival include seasonal or annual drought, low nutrient availability, cold temperature extremes, fire, and other abiotic conditions to which trees are poorly adapted as well as biotic conditions such as herbivory and lack of soil mutualist inoculum. Tree invasions of grasslands and semi-arid riparian areas in particular are now widespread and frequently result in the rapid conversion of these habitats to woodlands or forests. In some cases, these invasions are the result of a change in extrinsic conditions such as climate, fire, and/or grazing that remove what have been previous barriers to tree establishment. However, in other cases, tree species with particular life-history and dispersal traits fill open niches or outcompete native species. Significant examples of tree invasion into treeless areas can be seen with invasions of Pinus species into temperate grasslands and fynbos shrublands, Melaleuca quinquenervia and Triadica sebifera into grassy wetlands, Prosopis and Tamarix species into semi-arid riparian zones, and Acacia and Morella invasions into nutrient-poor shrublands and barrens. The establishment of trees into treeless areas may have strong impacts on ecosystem processes, influencing biogeochemical cycling, carbon sequestration and cycling, and ecohydrology, as well possible edaphic legacies that persist even if trees are removed.\n- RESEARCH: Richardson D", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An opioid is a type of drug found naturally in a poppy plant. Prescription opioids can be constructed inside a lab using the same chemical structure found in the natural plant. Or they can be manufactured directly from the poppy plant itself. Examples of prescription opioids include oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone and codeine. Heroin is an example of an illegal opioid.\nMedical providers can prescribe opioids to patients for pain management—usually following a surgery or an injury. The chemicals in opioids will stop pain signals from being sent to the body via the brain, and will also release enormous amounts of dopamine—the pleasure neurotransmitter—to the body.\nOpioids can be extremely addictive, and a multitude of accidental overdoses and deaths are associated with the drug.\nHow are they used illegally?\nOpioids can be used illegally when an individual uses another person’s prescription, takes the drug in a way other than which it has been prescribed or consumes the drug for the purpose of “getting high.”\nA study done by the National Institute of Drug Abuse sites that 80% of all heroin users have used prescription opioids prior to trying heroine.\nWho can get addicted?\nAnyone can get addicted. Whether you’re rich, poor, male, female, have a PhD or a GED, it doesn’t matter. If you take opioids, you have the possibility of becoming addicted. The more frequently an individual takes opioids, the more their body will adapt to having the drug in their system. If a body adapts to and forms a tolerance of opioids, they will then require a higher and/or more frequent amount of opioids to get the same “high.”\nIf you are someone you know is facing legal charges related to opioid addiction, it is imperative to have the right attorney in place while facing theses challenging times.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "100 Men Hall\nThe 100 Men D.B.A. Hall, a longtime center of African American social life and entertainment, was built in 1922 by the One Hundred Members’ Debating Benevolent Association. Over the years the association sponsored many events and also rented the hall to promoters who brought in blues, rhythm & blues, and jazz acts. Local residents have recalled performances by Etta James, Big Joe Turner, Guitar Slim, Irma Thomas, Professor Longhair, Ernie K-Doe, Deacon John, Earl King, and numerous others here.\nIn the decades following the Civil War, African Americans throughout the South formed many fraternal and benevolent organizations in order to collectively increase their social, economic, and political power. The One Hundred Members’ Debating Benevolent Association was incorporated in Bay St. Louis in 1894. According to its charter, “the purpose of this Association is to assist its members when sick and bury its dead in a respectable manner and to knit friendship.” The charter stipulated that “the Association may from time to time give entertainments for the purpose of replenishing the treasury.” Despite its name, the association was founded by twelve men, and the nature of its “debates” appears to be lost to time. (In other organizations, the initials D.B.A. often stood for Death and Burial Association.) By the 1950s the functions of many benevolent organizations were supplanted by insurance companies, although in New Orleans they have survived as social aid and pleasure clubs that organize annual parades. The Disabled American Veterans acquired the 100 Men D.B.A Hall in the mid-1970s. After Hurricane Katrina the hall was slated to be razed until Jesse and Kerrie Loya stepped in to purchase it in 2006. The Loyas restored it with the intent of creating a nonprofit community center and venue. It operates today as an ongoing live blues locale.\nAs a resort community in the early decades of the twentieth century, Bay St. Louis was the site of performances by New Orleans jazz and dance bands, as well as local groups, including the Supreme Band and bands led by Paul Maurice, August Saucier, and Harry Fairconnetue (who played regularly at the Promo Benevolent Association Hall). Bay St. Louis natives Fairconnetue and Warren Bennett also worked in Clarence Desdunes' Joyland Revelers. Other local performers of the era included the Alexis family (Peter, Ricard, and Joseph), Edgar Benoit, Sumner Labat, Edward Palloade, Edgar Saucier, Oscar Collins, Eddie Thomas, Anderson Edwards, and Johnny Toncred. Famed New Orleans musicians Lorenzo Tio, Sr. and Jr. and Johnny and Warren \"Baby\" Dodds also lived in this area in the early 1900s. After World War II the 100 Men D.B.A. Hall became a stop on the “chitlin circuit,” a network of African American clubs, with many of the acts booked out of New Orleans. Mississippi coast bands, including M. C. Spencer & the Blue Flames, the Sounds of Soul, Carl Gates & the Decks, and the Claudetts, also played here. Another area venue in the early '50s was the Cotton Club on Highway 90, operated by guitarist Jimmy Liggins, who relocated here briefly from Los Angeles. Onetime area residents who later achieved musical fame included the Bihari family, whose sons formed one of the most important independent record companies, Modern Records, in Los Angeles, and singer-guitarist Ted Hawkins, who was born in Lakeshore.\ncontent © Mississippi Blues Commission\n[ BACK TO TOP ]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is the first of three lessons based upon segmentation, i.e. SEGMENT – TARGET – POSITION. To get a product or service to the right person or company, a marketer would firstly segment the market, then target a single segment or series of segments, and finally position within the segment(s).\nSegmentation is essentially the identification of subsets of buyers within a market that share similar needs and demonstrate similar buyer behavior. The world is made up of billions of buyers with their own sets of needs and behavior. Segmentation aims to match groups of purchasers with the same set of needs and buyer behavior. Such a group is known as a ‘segment’. Think of your market as an orange, with a series of connected but distinctive segments, each with their own profile.\nOf course you can segment by all sorts of variables. The diagram above depicts how segmentation information is often represented as a pie chart diagram – the segments are often named and/ or numbered in some way.\nSegmentation is a form of critical evaluation rather than a prescribed process or system, and hence no two markets are defined and segmented in the same way. However there are a number of underpinning criteria that assist us with segmentation:\n- Is the segment viable? Can we make a profit from it?\n- Is the segment accessible? How easy is it for us to get into the segment?\n- Is the segment measurable? Can we obtain realistic data to consider its potential?\nThe are many ways that a segment can be considered. For example, the auto market could be segmented by: driver age, engine size, model type, cost, and so on. However the more general bases include:\n- by geography – such as where in the world was the product bought.\n- by psychographics – such as lifestyle or beliefs.\n- by socio-cultural factors – such as class.\n- by demography – such as age, sex, and so on.\nA company will evaluate each segment based upon potential business success. Opportunities will depend upon factors such as: the potential growth of the segment the state of competitive rivalry within the segment how much profit the segment will deliver how big the segment is how the segment fits with the current direction of the company and its vision.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All these photographs were taken in the Plains / Foothills area north of Adelaide, but the species depicted can be found across a wide range of habitats, including the metropolitan area.\nThey have all been observed on a variety of plants including native and exotic, with favourites being various salvias and lavenders.\nAustralia is home to approximately 1600 named species of native bees, and possibly the same number of species that have yet to be named. Many are not well studied, and some species face extinction due to changes in land use and habitat destruction, while others have adapted to urbanisation and are thriving.\nMost species appear when the weather warms up in late spring or early summer. Female bees can be seen visiting flowers to gather nectar and pollen, moving at a much faster pace than the average European honey bee. Males will often buzz around at a great pace, chasing females or driving other males from their territories, occasionally taking a brief rest by clinging to a twig or stalk with their mandibles.\nSome of the small, ground dwelling Lasioglossum species appear much earlier in spring. They can sometimes be found on chilly mornings, clinging to flowers unable to fly because they are too cold. They soon recover when the day warms up, or if you warm them in cupped hands.\nNative bees go through several generations in a season, with an average lifespan thought to be around 70 days. As the weather cools in late autumn, adult bees die off, but the larvae lie dormant in their sealed nests, ready to repeat the cycle the following spring.\nThose mentioned here are a few of the most commonly encountered in home gardens.\nBlue banded bees (Amegilla sp.) are probably the best known, and most studied, of the native bees in our region. They are 8-13 mm long, with glittering stripes of blue or whitish hair across their black abdomens, although some species included in this description are plain brown. They seem to favour flowers in the blue / purple colour spectrum. Like many other native bees, they don’t appear until the weather warms up in late spring.Like most of our native bee species, they lead generally solitary lives. The females build nests in shallow burrows in the ground but they may also nest in mudbrick walls or in soft mortar. Each female builds her own nest burrow but many bees often nest in close proximity to one another.\nRecent research has shown that blue banded bees could be valuable pollinators of greenhouse tomatoes, due to their technique of shaking flowers to release the pollen (buzz pollination). They operate at great speed, visiting many more flowers than a honey bee, over a given time.\nLeafcutter bees and Resin bees (Megachile sp.) Medium to large bees, (8-12mm). The former are so called because they cut sections from leaves to line their nests, while Resin bees collect plant resins for the same purpose.A key to their identification is that Leafcutter bees do not fold their wings when alighted on a flower, whereas Resin bees do. They nest in holes in rotting timber or old nail holes in fence posts, and will happily adapt to man made pre-drilled wooden nesting blocks.\nMasked bees (Hylaeus sp.) mimic wasps in colour and appearance. They are small to medium sized bees, generally black with striking yellow or orange markings. For nesting they will utilise abandoned nests of other species such as old mud-dauber wasp nests. Unlike most other bee species, they have none of the barbed hairs (scopa) used for carrying pollen, rather they carry their pollen load in their crop. For this reason they are considered somewhat poor pollinators. Their preferred foraging is on native plants.\nHalictid bees – many species. These are small to medium size bees that nest in the soil. They adapt to a wide range of forage plants including introduced garden plants and weeds. Various species in this group are among the most commonly found in gardens, but are easily overlooked because of their small size.In the past, little research was done into the potential of native bees as pollinators, however ongoing studies are demonstrating their benefits to agriculture, and conservation efforts are receiving more serious attention across our agricultural regions.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Rowal fruit scientific name Pangium edule his a tall tree in the Flacourtiaceae family and is native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.\nThe fresh fruit and seeds contain hydrogen cyanide and are deadly poisonous if consumed without prior preparation.\nThe seeds are first boiled and then buried in ash, banana leaves and earth for forty days, during which time, they turn from a creamy white colour to dark brown or black.\nThe method relies on the fact that the hydrogen cyanide released by the boiling and fermentation is water-soluble and easily washed out.\nThus, it is necessary to include this mineral in balanced levels in your regular diets.\nMagnesium found in Rowal fruit is associated with lowering the risk of coronary heart diseases. Helps to reduce the chance of having a stroke.\nMagnesium deficiency increases the risk of abnormal heart rhythms, which increases the risk of complications after a heart attack.\nSo, consuming the recommended amounts of dietary magnesium supplements can be beneficial to the cardiovascular system.\nIt has been, suggested that regular consumption of Rowal fruit can remove minor health problems like muscle weakness, numbness, fatigue and similar ailments due to the presence of phosphorus.\nAccording to various health articles, the seed kernel is only consumed in most provinces after extensive processing to remove the toxic substance, hydrogen cyanide.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Research: Life Goes Up in Tobacco Smoke Faster than Once Thought\nSmokers beware: inhalation of tobacco results in cancer-causing chemicals to enter the body almost immediately, according to a new study headed by Professor Stephen Hecht of the University of Minnesota.\nFour years ago, a study by Prof. Hecht discovered tobacco smoke in the urine of nearly half the babies of smoking parents.\nHis latest research results, published in a professional journal this week, “should serve as a stark warning to those who are considering starting to smoke cigarettes,” Prof. Hecht declared. He said his study is the first to investigate the effects of harmful substances in tobacco smoke, one of the principal causes of lung cancer and other genetic defects. The substance was “delivered by inhalation in cigarette smoke, without interference by other sources of exposure such as air pollution or the diet,\" he explained.\nIt previously has been assumed that smoking is detrimental to the body after long-term smoking. The new study, covering 12 patients, discovered that a toxic substance – that can cause mutations resulting in cancer – developed within 15 to 30 minutes after the inhalation of smoke.\nIn 2006, Prof. Hecht’s research concluded that smoking around infants caused nearly half of those being studies to produce urine with an unusually high level of a damaging substance that is normally found only in people who are exposed to tobacco smoke.\nHe said at the time that his findings \"support the concept that persistent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in childhood could be related to cancer later in life.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fractures of the spine are serious injuries. There are a number of different types of spinal fracture with differing symptoms, causes and treatment.\nCauses of spinal fractures\nSpinal fractures can be caused by a number of mechanisms:\n- Traumatic injury: Most spinal fractures are caused by high velocity, violent trauma; such as a fall from a height or car accident. Because of the amount of force needed to fracture the strong vertebral bones, there is often injury to other structures as well; sometimes including the spinal cord. Men are about 4 times more likely to incur these types of injury than women and they most often occur in young adults. Fractures of this type are most common in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine.\n- Non-traumatic injury: Spinal fractures can also occur without the presence of trauma. The fracture is usually the result of degeneration within the spine, usually over the course of many years or decades. These types of fractures are commonly compression type fractures. These types of fractures are more common in the elderly and in the lumbar spine. Spinal tumors can also sometimes cause spinal fractures.\nSymptoms of spinal fractures\nAcute spinal fractures usually are accompanied by pain that is moderate to severe and is worsened by movement. Sometimes if the fracture is caused by a violent trauma there will be other injuries as well, so it can be difficult for the person to work out where the pain is coming from. In the acute phase of a trauma such as these, the injuries will be treated as a medical emergency and the person carefully immobilized to try to guard against the possibility of spinal cord injury. If nerves or the spinal cord are being compressed, there may be pain, numbness or tingling into one or both legs or arms.\nSpinal fractures that have occurred due to degenerative changes in the spine may present with different symptoms –back pain is usually present, but sometimes the patient is unaware that they have a spinal fracture until it shows up on a routine x-ray. There may be pain, tingling or numbness into the legs and symptoms may range from mild to severe.\nTreatment of spinal fractures\nThe treatment of spinal fractures depends entirely on the extent and type of fracture, and there are a number of different treatment options. For some people, immobilization is advised until the fracture is allowed to heal. This may take the form of bracing or traction in hospital. Pain medication is also often prescribed.\nPhysical therapy can be useful to help manage pain, and to help strengthen muscles and regain function after the initial phases of the injury.\nSurgery is sometimes necessary and can take many forms, depending on the nature and extent of the fracture. Your surgeon will fully explain the surgical procedure and post-operative care if surgery has been advised for you. Following surgery a period of rehabilitation usually will be advised to help you to return to normal life.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Healthy bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis are important topics. In fact, the U.S. Surgeon General’s Report on Bone Health and Osteoporosis states that, by 2020, half of all Americans over age 50 will be at increased risk for fractures from osteoporosis and low bone mass if no immediate steps are taken.\nMidwest Dairy Council offers a variety of handouts and resources for consumers and health professionals. Evidence-based education materials provide the latest research for health professionals to counsel patients, clients and students. Watch this section for the latest in nutrition research with a focus on eating healthy with the basic five food groups including nutritious, delicious dairy.\nDietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH ) is a low-fat eating plan which could be a useful tool in your nutrition education efforts. Research shows that DASH, which includes two to three servings of dairy foods and eight to ten servings of fruits and vegetables every day, may help manage blood pressure. In fact, a trio of minerals found in dairy foods - calcium, potassium and magnesium - may play an important role in maintaining healthy blood pressure.\nLactose intolerance doesn't have to mean dairy intolerance. And, many health authorities agree that milk and other dairy foods are an important and practical source of key nutrients.\nRaw Milk and Food Safety\nThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one in six Americans (that's 48 million people) get sick because of foodborne illness each year. When it comes to dairy products, the CDC warns that when consumed raw, “milk and products made from milk (including certain cheeses, ice cream, and yogurt) can pose severe health risks.”\nWomen, Infants and Children\nMidwest Dairy Council supports the nutritionists in the WIC program with nutrition education materials for clients and education programs. These resources are perfect for use in local WIC offices.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The bat was first discovered in 1979 in the forests of Ecuador\nScientists have discovered a tiny new species of bat in the western slopes of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador.\nThe first specimen of the species, which has been called Myotis diminutus, was collected more than 30 years ago.\nBut the researchers have only now confirmed that the little creature, which weighs just a few grams, is a distinct species.\nThey published a detailed description of the bat in the journal Mammalian Biology.\nThere are more than 100 species of Myotis bat, six of which can be found in Ecuador.\nThe bat's narrow skull helped the scientists distinguish it as a new species\nBut \"diminutive Myotis\", as the researchers have called it, is the smallest of this group of species yet known in South America.\nThe little brown bat weighs just 3.5g.\nThe scientists, based in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Washington DC in the US, wrote in the journal: \"As with many other newly described species, we know nothing about the natural history of this bat.\n\"Unfortunately, the prospects for learning more about it are bleak.\"\nThis is because the moist forests of western Ecuador, where the bat was discovered, are under threat, primarily from deforestation for agricultural purposes.\nThe researchers say the area faces an \"uncertain future\".\nThe bat was found in a protected private reserve within the forest called the Río Palenque Scientific Center (RPSC).\n\"Myotis diminutus is at least the fifth new species of mammal described from the area in recent decades,\" the scientists wrote.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fundamentals of 3D Food Printing and Applications provides an update on this emerging technology that can not only create complex edible shapes, but also enable the alteration of food texture and nutritional content required by specific diets. This book discusses 3D food printing technologies and their working mechanisms within a broad spectrum of application areas, including, but not limited to, the development of soft foods and confectionary designs. It provides a unique and contemporary guide to help correlate supply materials (edible inks) and the technologies (e.g., extrusion and laser based) used during the construction of computer-aided 3D shapes.\nUsers will find a great reference that will help food engineers and research leaders in food science understand the characteristics of 3D food printing technologies and edible inks.\n- Details existing 3D food printing techniques, with an in-depth discussion on the mechanisms of formation of self-supporting layers\n- Includes the effects of flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of printing materials\n- Presents strategies to enhance printability, such as the incorporation of hydrocolloids and lubricant enhancers\n- 3D printing features of a range of food materials, including cereal based, insect enriched, fruits and vegetables, chocolate and dairy ingredients\n- Business development for chocolate printing and the prospects of 3D food printing at home for domestic applications\n- Prosumer-driven 3D food printing\n- Safety and labelling of 3D printed food", "label": "No"}
{"text": "To view the press release, click\nNovember 18, 2004\nLarry Schmeits, WESD’s pest management specialist, visits each of district’s 32 schools at least once a month.\nHe walks the grounds to locate fire ant nests and does a careful flashlight inspection of food storage, preparation and serving areas.\nHe also checks “pest sighting logs,” placed in each school for staff to report any pests they have spotted or related concerns they may have.\nSchmeits sees his role as an educator and diagnostician, rather than as a pesticide applicator.\n“A teacher might report small flying insects in the classroom,” says Schmeits.\n“In the past, we would have fogged the entire room with insecticide.\nNow, the first thing I’ll look for is a potted plant. Tiny fungus gnats can breed in damp potting soil.\nThey’re harmless but can be a nuisance. All it takes most of the time is letting the teacher know where they’re coming from and suggesting a little less water to keep the soil dry.”\nIn IPM, pesticides are used as a last resort, and in ways that reduce exposure to children and others.\n“When I started working at WESD two years ago,” relates Schmeits, “I could walk into any school and find a dozen or so fire ant stings reported each week. I’d see a fire ant mound every ten feet along the sidewalks.”\nSchmeits treats problem mounds with a teaspoon of insecticide bait. Ants carry the bait into the nest, destroying the colony.\n“Now we no longer have kids having to fight off the ants as they’re waiting in line at the water fountain.\nAnd I’ve only used two pounds of insecticide in all of last year.”\nThe district was at the geographic center of the West Nile Virus outbreak out this past spring. WESD was well prepared, having started a mosquito surveillance and source reduction program a year ago.\nLocations on school grounds where standing water remained for more than 48 hours were identified as likely mosquito breeding sites.\nDrainage was improved where possible, and where not, a biological insecticide that kills only mosquito larvae was applied after rainstorms.\nA press release was prepared and circulated to help educate school staff and parents to correct standing water at home, and to use repellants and protective clothing to reduce bites and opportunities for infection.\nSchmeits joined the district’s staff in 2002 after twenty years in the pest control industry.\nHe heard about Gouge’s IPM program at a meeting of the Arizona Structural Pest Control Board and attended the next available training.\nFrank Devine, administrator of maintenance for the district and Schmeits’ supervisor, supported the direction Schmeits was headed.\n“We wanted Larry to move forward as quickly as he was comfortable with, both to improve insect and weed control, and to reduce reliance on pesticides,” reports Devine.\nTogether, Schmeits and Devine drafted an IPM policy statement which is now before the school board for approval.\nSchmeits is working with governing board member Kate KcGee to refine the policy for formal adoption.\n“I want to be sure IPM is the way we deal with pests forever more,” states Schmeits.\nWESD was established in 1891 by 13 farm families and has now grown to include 32 schools on 440 acres, with more than 23,000 students and 3000 staff.\nThe district serves both northwest Phoenix and Glendale.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There is a challenge for the first decent study that proves that adapting your education to learning styles work. This new study that I found via this blog post by Jeroen Janssen is decent. Pashler et al (2008) stated that good research investigating learning styles should take the following 3 steps into account:\n- You start examining the learning style of the respondents in the study (in this new study by Rogowsky they examined visual versus auditory learning styles).\n- The participants than need to random allocated to groups with half of the participants getting education adapted to their learning style or to a group that is not suitable for their learning styles. E.g. visual learners in one group have to read, while the visual learners in the control group will have to listen.\n- All participants need to make the same test.\nThis study by Rogowsky did all that, but guess what?\nResults failed to show a statistically significant relationship between learning style preference (auditory, visual word) and learning aptitude (listening comprehension, reading comprehension).\nAbstract of the study:\nWhile it is hypothesized that providing instruction based on individuals’ preferred learning styles improves learning (i.e., reading for visual learners and listening for auditory learners, also referred to as the meshing hypothesis), after a critical review of the literature Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, and Bjork (2008) concluded that this hypothesis lacks empirical evidence and subsequently described the experimental design needed to evaluate the meshing hypothesis. Following the design of Pashler et al., we empirically investigated the effect of learning style preference with college-educated adults, specifically as applied to (a) verbal comprehension aptitude (listening or reading) and (b) learning based on mode of instruction (digital audiobook or e-text). First, participants’ auditory and visual learning style preferences were established based on a standardized adult learning style inventory. Participants were then given a verbal comprehension aptitude test in both oral and written forms. Results failed to show a statistically significant relationship between learning style preference (auditory, visual word) and learning aptitude (listening comprehension, reading comprehension). Second, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups that received the same instructional material from a nonfiction book, but each in a different instructional mode (digital audiobook, e-text), and then completed a written comprehension test immediately and after 2 weeks. Results demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between learning style preference (auditory, visual word) and instructional method (audiobook, e-text) for either immediate or delayed comprehension tests. Taken together, the results of our investigation failed to statistically support the meshing hypothesis either for verbal comprehension aptitude or learning based on mode of instruction (digital audiobook, e-text).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The History of Air Conditioning\nOnce a luxury for the well-to-do, most homes in the U.S. now have an air conditioner. Considered marvel inventions and complex electromechanical systems at the time of their creation, HVAC systems have become an expected component of the modern-day home. They play such an important role in residential and commercial comfort that cooling and heating makes up about 48 percent of U.S. energy consumption. This common appliance is such an indispensable mainstay that the National Academy of Engineering considers air conditioners one of the top 10 achievements of the 20th century. Before this time, different methods of keeping cool were largely ineffective. With Portland summers heating up to more than 100° days, air conditioning is a necessity of modern existence.\n- Ancient Egypt: To keep homes and buildings cool, ancient Egyptians would hang wet reeds in the windows. The water’s evaporation cooled the spaces.\n- Ancient Rome: Water diverted from aqueducts through building walls would cause a cooling effect in homes.\n- 2nd century: Chinese inventor Ding Huan invents a manually powered rotary fan. Later, in 747, Emperor Xuanzong installs a Cool Hall in his palace, a water-powered fan that cooled the air.\n- Early 17th century: Englishman Cornelius Drebbel discovers that adding salt to water cools the air when the water evaporates.\n- 1758: Chemistry professor John Hadley and Benjamin Franklin experiment with evaporation, using different liquids to cool objects.\n- 1820: English scientist Michael Faraday discovers that ammonia acts as a refrigerant that cools air when compressed and liquefied.\n- 1842: U.S. physician John Gorrie invents an ice-making machine using compressor technologies. He later creates prototypes of central air conditioning units. While Gorrie patented his ideas, his progress stalled when his chief financial backer died.\n- 1854: Australia’s James Harrison invents an ice-making machine using an ether vapor compression refrigeration system.\n- 1902: Willis Carrier of New York invents the first electrical air conditioning unit to improve processes in a printing plant. In addition to cooling the air, the unit controlled humidity levels.\n- 1906: North Carolina’s Stuart W. Cramer coins the term “air conditioning” after creating a way to combine water and ventilation to change the environmental conditions in a textile factory.\n- 1914: Charles Gates in Minnesota is the first private homeowner with air conditioning in his home.\n- 1928: Thomas Midgley, Jr. creates a non-toxic, non-flammable chlorofluorocarbon gas that acts as a refrigerant. DuPont trademarks this and other refrigerants as Freon. The refrigerant names include a number that refer to their molecular composition, such as R-22.\n- 1931: J.Q. Sherman and H.H. Schultz invent a portable air conditioner that sits in windows. The device has a number of functions: cooling, heating, dehumidifying, humidifying, and filtering air. During the same year, the Southern California Edison Company installs a heat pump air-conditioning system in its building.\n- 1947: Mass-produced, lower-cost window A/C units become available in the U.S.\n- 1970s: Central air conditioning units that use coils, a condenser, and fans become available to the public.\n- 1987: The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act sets efficiency standards for central and portable air conditioners, as well as refrigerators and freezers. Since this time, several countries banned and phased-out ozone-depleting refrigerants, such as R-12.\n- 2000s: Smart technologies allow thermostats to automate compression and airflow systems in HVAC units to reduce home energy consumption. In the future, manufacturers will advance smart technologies so their systems interface with national electric grids, creating a variable speed system that further optimizes energy use while keeping buildings comfortable.\nIn 2014, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance reported that nearly 50 percent of the homes in northwest Oregon have an air conditioner, mostly central air conditioning units. Thanks to the trial and error of past scientists and inventors, Portland homes enjoy air conditioning units that are more reliable and efficient than ever. To learn about what type of A/C unit is best for your home, contact AAA Heating & Cooling. We’ve proudly served 27,000 Oregon customers for over 50 years.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis is a long-term respiratory infection caused by breathing the spores of the fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum.\nHistoplasma capsulatum is a fungus found in the soil of the central and eastern United States (especially Mississippi and Ohio river valleys), eastern Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America.\nThe infection occurs when a person breathes in the reproducing parts of the fungus, called spores. Those who have a healthy immune system usually do not have symptoms, or only mild ones.\nThis \"acute\" infection does not last, but can leave a person with small scars (granulomas). These scars can be difficult to distinguish from tumors in the lung.\nHowever, the infection can cause severe illness right away, or redevelop years after the first exposure, if a person's immune system is weakened by:\nRisk factors for chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis include:\nTests that may be used to diagnose chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis include:\nThe doctor will prescribe antifungal medications to control the infection within the lung. These medications must be taken for 1 to 2 years.\nThe infection usually goes away with antifungal medication, but scarring inside the lung often remains. Histoplasmosis is unusual enough that if you develop it, your health care provider should check to find out whether another disease is weakening your immune system.\nOften, those who have had chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis must follow up with their doctor, who will check for signs of relapse.\nIn rare cases, a pulmonary histoplasmosis infection can spread through the blood to other organs. This is called disseminated histoplasmosis. People who have a suppressed immune system and very young children are more likely to develop this condition. If this occurs, the prognosis is less favorable.\nPatients who breathe in a large amount of fungus can develop a severe and potentially deadly and sudden type of lung infection.\nCall for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop symptoms of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis.\nCall your health care provider if your symptoms continue despite treatment, or if you have breathing difficulty or symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis.\nBe aware of your surroundings, especially if you are in a weakened state from another medical condition, or from immune-suppressing medications.\nChronic cavitary histoplasmosis", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Regardless of the parameters used in nutritional assessment, chronic renal patients on dialysis have some degree of malnutrition. From 10% to 70% of patients on dialysis therapy are malnourished and among the causes that contribute to the progression of this condition are: inadequate/insufficient diet, losses due to the dialysis process itself, associated pathologies and inflammation (1).\nChronic renal patients may manifest some symptoms that are visible on physical examination. Their history can likewise aid in completion of the nutritional diagnosis. In a less invasive way, the Nutritional Condition of chronic renal patients can be checked by using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) adapted to renal patients and, by using the assessment results, whatever needs correction can be corrected by using the ONT (2).\nAlthough all enteral and parenteral therapy options may be indicated, the reinforcement of conventional oral diet and, when needed, the use of supplements, seem to be the most effective and well tolerated options for the prevention and nutritional recovery of patients on hemodialysis (3,4).\nMaintaining adequate nutritional condition in chronic renal patients through conventional diet alone is a challenge for both the professional and the patient. The patient who makes use of hemodialysis can lose about 40 g of amino acids/peptides per week (2,4).\nPatients who make use of peritoneal dialysis can suffer a deficit of amino acids/peptides of up to 30 g/week, 15 g protein/day, aside from water-soluble vitamins. Current recommendations advise protein intake from 1.0 to 1.2 g/kg for ideal weight. It is desirable for maintenance of the nutritional condition, at least 20 g of fibers/day and 25 to 35 kcal/day depending on the chosen dialysis process. The graph below shows the size of nutrient loss in accordance with the dialysis process (2,4).\nSource: Adapted from K/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation, 2000 e Martins, C. In: Nefrologia: rotinas, diagnóstico e tratamento, 2006\n1. Calado, IL et al. Diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes em hemodiálise na cidade de São Luis (MA). Rev de Nutr Cli Campinas. 22(5):687-696. 2009.\n2. K/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation, 2000 e Martins, C. In: Nefrologia: Rotinas, Diagnóstico e Tratamento, 2006.\n3. Dong J, Ikizler TA. New insights into the role of anabolic interventions in dialysis patients with protein energy wasting. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2009;18:469-75.\n4. DITEN – Projeto Diretrizes. Terapia Nutricional para Pacientes em Hemodiálise Crônica. 2011. (http://www.projetodiretrizes.org.br/9_volume/terapia_nutricional_para_pacientes_em_hemodialise_cronica.pdf)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Visualization skills are very important for reading comprehension. This worksheet will allow your student to draw the picture they are imagining in their head and write about it. It is great for teaching these skills, comprehension checks, and more!\nTeachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials.\nAre you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By Patricia Pande, MClScPT, CSCS, CPed\nBasketball is associated with a high number of lower extremity injuries,1,2 often related to footwear and the unique biomechanics and repetitious motion of the sport. This reflects the evolution of basketball from a refined sport to one of extreme physical contact and leverage. At elite levels of competition, the joint loading that comes with players’ size also contributes to lower extremity injury risk; large players with large feet frequently have large problems.\nThe mainstream media has given considerable attention to the loss of playing time associated with plantar fasciitis in highly compensated athletes, but recreational players also present a challenge to sports medicine clinics. As many as 45.9% of players in Australia have been sidelined for more than a week with lower extremity injuries.3\nThe plantar “fascia” is not actually fascia but an aponeurosis with mechanical and histological similarities to surrounding tendons and ligaments.4 Plantar heel pain is one of the most common ailments in the US, accounting for up to two million annual visits to physicians and comprising up to 10% of all sports clinic visits.5,6 It presents with pain with the first step in the morning or after prolonged bouts of sitting.\nRepetitive stress can inflame the plantar fascia or lead to degenerative changes, commonly called fasciosis, which explains the recalcitrant nature of the condition. Altered hydrostatic pressure in the fascia may also impede blood flow.7\nPlantar fasciitis in basketball players\nAlthough there is a shortage of information about the incidence of plantar fasciitis in basketball players, plantar fascia rupture associated with basketball has been reported.8 Factors contributing to the high incidence of lower extremity and foot and ankle injuries in basketball, and more specifically to plantar fasciitis, include the repetitive high loads associated with running,9 as well as jumping, landing, and cutting by players who often are large in frame.1,2 Other factors that may contribute to plantar fasciitis risk in basketball include footwear and fatigue.\nBody mass index (BMI). Van Leeuwen et al found a positive association between patients with a high BMI and plantar fasciitis.10 BMI was the only variable that predicted disability in an earlier study.11\nThe average National Basketball Association (NBA) player weighs 220 lbs and wears a size 14.8 shoe, maxing out at size 20.12 Higher BMI theoretically causes increased vertical force during heel contact, with a concomitant increase in tissue stress.13 However, reduction of body weight and lower extremity anthropometrics typically is not feasible for the basketball player.\nPlantar loads. Although no studies have examined the association between plantar loads and plantar fasciitis in basketball players, evidence does suggest that runners with plantar fasciitis have higher plantar loads and loading rates than healthy runners.9 Because much of basketball involves running—not to mention changes of direction, jumping, and landing on hard and unyielding court surfaces—it seems likely that plantar loads in basketball are at least as high as in running.\nBasketball movements other than running have also been associated with high loads. Cutting movements, which are common in basketball, have been associated with high plantar pressures at the heel in other sports.14 Layups, free throws, and jump shots are all associated with greater plantar loads than static stance.15 Ground reaction forces (GRF) associated with jump shots in basketball have been reported to be more than five times body weight, heightening the risk of damage with repetition.16 In fact, ground reaction forces are higher in basketball players than soccer players.17 Learning how to land softly and on the forefoot or midfoot will reduce landing GRF;16 however, this is an adjustment that recreational players may not have mastered.\nRunning volume. There is some evidence that plantar fasciitis may be associated with a faster running pace.18 Basketball involves high acceleration and anaerobic bursts of running. Highly effective basketball players may run up and down a 90-foot court at high speed a minimum of 50 times per game, resulting in increased strain on the intrinsic muscles of the foot.19\nBasketball shoes. The most coveted basketball shoes have transitioned from being highly structured to being lightweight and flexible. At the most elite levels, basketball players are restricted in their choice of shoes due to footwear contracts. Colleges often use basketball shoe brands as a tool in recruiting high school players.20\nMost important, the shoe must be able to withstand high plantar loading without deformation and resist the rotational and cutting forces that stretch the upper in a very moist environment. Frequent footwear changes can help reduce midsole fatigue. Shoes have been shown to reduce impact forces during unanticipated drop landings in basketball.21\nFor many basketball players, the shoe is not wide enough, especially with added bulk of high-profile orthoses.22 If the shoe doesn’t have sufficient volume to allow for proper activation of muscles (eg, abductor hallucis), this can impair the propulsive function of the longitudinal arch during walking and running.19,23\nLower extremity clinicians who treat basketball players say the game has changed since the late 1990s from one played close to the basket to one played around the perimeter. This switch requires more lateral footwork, with more stresses to the ankle and plantar fascia. In response, basketball shoe designs have evolved to reinforce the lateral border to reduce ankle sprains and promote quicker directional changes. This design shift has led to shoes with reduced medial support and amplified pronatory moments, which may increase the risk of plantar fasciitis.\nThere also has been a transition to lightweight shoes. Interestingly, a group of researchers in Calgary found that lighter-weight shoes were associated with improved performance of basketball tasks, but not when athletes were blinded to the weight of the shoes, suggesting a psychological effect.24 There is a need for further research on the functional effects of lighter footwear, including foot orthoses.\nSport-specific factors. Although basketball originated as a noncontact sport, its physical nature has evolved over the years with regard to both offense and defense.25 Rapid braking and acceleration (vertical and horizontal), along with lateral shifts of body weight, are very demanding on the foot and ankle.\nSteve Vinson, who coaches girls basketball at Ann Arbor Huron High School in Michigan, said plantar fasciitis in younger athletes is a growing concern, with competition for scholarships leading to more aggressive play, and intense schedules leaving little time to recuperate from the stresses associated with the sport.26\nTreatment and prevention\nThe treatment paradigm of rest, cessation of activity, or both is often not feasible for high-level athletes. Changes in jumping technique, which can help reduce the risk of knee and ankle injuries,16,27 have not been studied in cases of plantar fasciitis or fasciopathy. Taylor stressed prevention and proprioception programs to reduce the incidence of ankle sprains and lower extremity injuries, but there has been no attempt to study or adapt these programs for the prevention of plantar fasciitis.27\nPlantar fascia corticosteroid injections in athletes may have unintended adverse effects, with some accounts of rupture after early re-entry into play.28 Additionally, surgical management with plantar fasciotomy has only moderately improved patient outcomes in the general population, often resulting in extended recovery time.29,30 The risks of adverse events must be weighed judiciously in any treatment paradigm.\nAn orthotic device with intrinsic or extrinsic medial wedges was associated with greater soft tissue thickness under the heel, which may protect the fat pad (assessed statically) more than no orthosis or an orthosis with arch support only.31 This may have implications for treatment of plantar fasciitis given the condition’s association with fat pad atrophy in some patients.32 Further investigation is warranted.\nThe diagonal cuts and lateral shuffle cuts in basketball are also associated with elevated forces under the metatarsal heads.33,34 Plantar fasciitis interventions to redistribute plantar pressures must take care to avoid overloading the metatarsals.35,36\nTreatment must mitigate deleterious forces on the foot with the following orthotic strategies. Orthoses must:\n- Reduce impact plantar loading without inhibiting performance or excessively increasing load in other areas; accommodative or shock-absorbing inserts are much better tolerated by basketball players;22,37\n- Not elevate the heel or destabilize the ankle;7\n- Not hamper the function of the abductor hallucis and intrinsic muscles;\n- Have reduced arch height to minimize pressure shift laterally and decrease fifth metatarsal head pressure;31 and\n- Not impede blood flow to the foot from excessive pressure.38\nPlantar fasciitis in basketball will continue to be a growing concern made even more clinically challenging by the lack of specific research on foot and ankle biomechanics in this popular and strenuous sport. Vigilant clinical judgment, informed by the broader body of research on the biomechanics of plantar fasciitis, will be essential to meeting this challenge.\nPatricia Pande, MClScPT, CSCS, CPed, is a physical therapist, pedorthist, and strength and conditioning specialist based in Durham, NC. She is the founder of FootCentric, an online continuing education company dedicated to comprehensive, multidisciplinary foot treatment.\n- Cumps E, Verhagen E, Meeusen R. Prospective epidemiological study of basketball injuries during one competitive season: Ankle sprains and overuse knee injuries. J Sports Sci Med 2007;6(2):204-211.\n- Drakos MC, Domb B, Starkey C, et al. Injury in the National Basketball Association. A 17-year overview. Sports Health 2010;2(4):284-290.\n- McKay GD, Goldie PA, Payne WR, et al. A prospective study of injuries in basketball. A total profile and comparison by gender and standard of competition. J Sci Med Sport 2001;4(2):196-211.\n- Boabighi A, Kuhlmann JN, Luboinski J, Landjerit B. Aponeurosis and superficial fascia. Mechanical and structural properties. Bull Assoc Anat 1993;77(238):3-7.\n- Riddle DL, Schappert SM. Volume of ambulatory care visits and patterns of care for patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis: a national study of medical doctors. Foot Ankle Int 2004;25(5):303-310.\n- Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DM, et al. A retropsective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med 2002;36(2):95-101.\n- Curtis CK, Laudner KG, McLoda TA, McCaw ST. The role of shoe design in ankle sprain rates among collegiate basketball players. J Athl Train 2008;43(3):230-233.\n- Saxena A, Fullem B. Plantar fascia ruptures in athletes. Am J Sports Med 2004;32(3):662-665.\n- Pohl MB, Hamill J, Davis IS. Biomechanical and anatomic factors associated with a history of plantar fasciitis in female runners. Clin J Sports Med 2009;19 (5);372-376.\n- Van Leeuwen KD, Rogers J, Winzenberg T, van Middelkoop M. Higher body mass index is associated with plantar fasciopathy/plantar fasciitis. A systematic review and meta-analyisis of various clinical and imaging risk factors. Br J Sports Med 2015 Dec 7. [Epub ahead of print]\n- Irving DB, Cook JL, Young MA, Menz HB. Obesity and pronated foot type may increase the risk of chronic plantar heel pain: a matched case-control study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2007;17(8):41.\n- Korshidi E. SLAM footwear database breakdown. Slamonline.com. http://www.slamonline.com/nba/slam-nba-footwear-database-breakdown-sneakers-nba-players/#2HU5vMvUd1jQL6UO.97. Published February 7, 2013. Accessed March 8, 2016.\n- Garcia CA, Hoffman SL, Hastings MK, et al. Effect of metatarsal phalangeal joint extension on plantar soft tissue stiffness and thickness. Foot 2008;18(2):61-67.\n- Orendurff MS, Rohr ES, Segal AD, et al. Regional foot pressure during running, cutting, jumping, and landing. Am J Sports Med 2008;36(3):566-571.\n- Pau M, Ciuti C. Stresses in the plantar region for long-and short-range throws in women basketball players. Eur J Sports Sci 2013;13(5): 575-581.\n- Struzik A, Pietraszewski B, Zawadzki J. Biomechanical analysis of the jumpshot in basketball. J Hum Kinet 2014;10(42):73-79.\n- Cowley HG, Ford KR, Myer GD, et al. Differences in neuromuscular strategies between landing and cutting tasks in female basketball and soccer athletes. J Athl Train 2006;41(1):67-73.\n- Knobloch K, Yoon U, Vogt PM. Acute and overuse injuries correlated to hours of training time in master running athletes. Foot Ankle Int 2008;29(7):671-676.\n- Kelly LA, Lichtwark G, Cresswell AG. Active regulation of longitudinal arch compression and recoil during walking and running. JR Soc Interfac 2015;12(102);20141076.\n- Jones S. The numbers behind Nike’s basketball shoe kingdom. Courier-Journal website. http://www.courier-journal.com/story/sports/college/basketball/2014/10/17/analysis-nike-schools-land-top-recruits/17458319/. Published October 20, 2014. Accessed March 7, 2016.\n- Fu W, Liu Y. Effects of basketball shoes on impact forces and soft tissue vibrations during drop jump and unexpected drop landing. Presented at the 30th International Conference of Biomechanics in Sports, Melbourne, Australia, July 2012.\n- Deheer P. Maximizing orthotic success with basketball players. Podiatry Today 2006;19(4):38-48.\n- Stearne SM, McDonald KA, Alderson JA, et al. The foot’s arch and the energetics of human locomotion. Sci Rep 2016;6:19403.\n- Mohr M, Trudeau MB, Nigg SR, Nigg BM. Increased athletic performance in lighter basketball shoes: shoe or psychology effect. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2016;11(1):74-79.\n- Wojtys E. Hoops news. Sports Health 2015;7(5):390-391.\n- In an interview with Steve Vinson, girl’s varsity basketball coach at Ann Arbor Huron High School, MI.\n- Taylor JB, Ford KR, Nguyen AD, et al. Prevention of lower extremity injuries in basketball. a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Health 2015;7(5):392-398.\n- Suzue N, Iwame T, Kato K, et al. Plantar fascia rupture in a professional soccer player. J Med Invest 2014;61(3-4):413-416.\n- Davies MS, Weiss GA, Saxby TS. Plantar fasciitis: how successful is surgical intervention. Foot Ankle Int 1999;20(12):803-807.\n- Tweed JL, Barnes MK, Allen MJ, Campbell JA. Biomechanical consequences of total plantar fasciotomy. A review of the literature. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2009;99(5):422-430.\n- Sweeney D, Nester C, Preece S, Meckle K. Effect of antipronation foot orthosis geometry on compression of heel and arch soft tissues. J Rehabil Res Dev 2015;52(5);543-552.\n- Yi TI, Lee GE, Seo IS, et al. Clinical characteristics of the causes of plantar heel pain. Ann Rehabil Med 2011;35(4):507-513.\n- Cong Y, Lam WK, Cheung JT, Zhang M. In-shoe plantar tri-axial stress profile during maximum-effort cutting maneuvers. J Biomech 2014;47(16):3799-3806.\n- Queen RM, Abbey AN, Verma R, et al. Plantar loading during cutting while wearing a rigid carbon fiber insert. J Athl Train 2014;49(3):297-303.\n- Guettler JH, Ruskan GJ, Bytomski JR, et al. Fifth metatarsal stress fractures in elite basketball players; evaluation of forces acting on the fifth metatarsal. Am J Orthop 2006;35(11):532-536.\n- Yu B, Preston JJ, Queen RM, et al. Effects of wearing foot orthoses with medial arch support on the fifth metatarsal loading and ankle inversion angle in selected basketball tasks. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37(4):186-191.\n- Creaby MW, May K, Bennell KL. Insole effects on impact loading during walking. Ergonomics 2011;54(7):665-671.\n- Miller LE, Latt DL. Chronic plantar fasciitis is mediated by local hemodynamics. Implications for emerging therapies. N Am J Med Sci 2015;7(1):1-5.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This article is some way related to Resolution Vs Pixel Density in Displays – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW. The term Field of Vision are frequently used in computer or console games, graphics applications and many more. Field of Vision refers to the content what we see on the screen at any given point of time.\nField of Vision depends on Display Resolution\nUnderstanding FOV requires you to know about display resolution which I have detailed here Resolution Vs Pixel Density in Displays – ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW. Consider the following image which has two screenshots of a popular game Age of Empires.\nThe high resolution screenshot has higher FOV than the low resolution screenshot. The basic idea is that high resolution display has more number of pixels and thus it can show a lot more content. Similarly a low resolution display has less number of pixels and thus it can show less content.\nThe game images with low resolution covers only less content since it has low resolution. Consider the same game in which you are extending the resolution to 1920 x 1080 which makes the games to display more content. The display with resolution 1920 x 1080 shows 2.63% more content than a display with resolution 1024 x 768.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Perennials are usually long-lived, Viola Cornuta colorful flowers that die every fall and re-emerges every spring. Because of their size, they are suitable for smaller areas as well as large gardens. They can be used as an “infill” in a garden.\nFlowers are often the main attraction for most gardeners, but the habit of certain perennials earns them the place in your garden. Grasses, with their slender leaves, add structure to the perennial border.\nA perennial border is most often organize with the tallest plants in the back. From then on, work your way in by taking into consideration the full-grown size of the plant. Shrubs can be added as punctuation points in the border.\nLimiting the color choices will produce greater impact and you won't have to worry as much about the blooming seasons or whether the colors of the different plants will go together. A border needs a theme so it doesn't become a jumbled collection of plants. Using a few if the same variety through a border usually works well. When planning a border, it pays to go for simplicity. Repeat groups of plants and keep the colors limited. Also use plants in the border for foliage interest, so when the flowering season is over, there is still something to look at.\nWater Loving Perennials\nSome plants love very moist soil and some can even grow with their feet in the water itself. Ideally a pond needs water loving perennials: a few deep-water plants, a few in the shallow edges of the pond, and some along the pond's edges.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mr Bowler's Problem Solving Booklet for University Preparation\nThis resource is kindly provided by Mr Bowler at Maynard School, containing 151 questions to help prepare students for undergraduate admissions interviews in mathematics.\nRiemann Zeta Club - Chapter 10 - Topics in Computer Science\nThe Riemann Zeta Club is an enrichment maths club for Lower Sixth Formers, aimed as preparation for the Maths Challenge, Maths Olympiad and Oxbridge entry.\nThis chapter covers basic topics in Computer Science, such as common sorting algorithms, time and space complexity of algorithms, common data structures, and recursive algorithms.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to pay for college is a huge question for parents and students! Here is a list of resources to help you and your family learn about your options & plan for how to pay for college:\n- What it costs to go to college, including information on Net Price Calculators\n- How financial aid works\n- Overview of how to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)\n- Understanding college loans\nJanuary 1 of your senior year is an important date! This is the first day that you can apply for the FAFSA – your way to get federal financial aid for college. Click here to view the FAFSA website and familiarize yourself with what you need to apply before January 1.\nOnce you’ve been accepted to a college, you will get a Financial Aid Award outlining the costs of attending the college and your options to pay the bill. Click here for resources on understanding your Financial Aid Award, what to do if it isn’t enough, and strategies to pay the school bill.\nFor a comprehensive overview of the financial aid process, see the US Department of Education’s publication The Guide to Federal Student Aid: Funding Your Education.\nThere are also financial aid resources in the SCS College & Career Center (S50). Stop by for tip sheets on comparing the cost of colleges, college Net Price Calculators, applying for the FAFSA, and more!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Differences between AWA and SA chromolaena\nOther invasive alien plants within the Eupatorieae\nChromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), commonly called chromolaena, is a sprawling shrub that has become one of the worst invasive terrestrial weeds in the humid tropics and subtropics of the Old World (Figure 1). Until the early 1970s, chromolaena was known as Eupatorium odoratum (L.). Chromolaena is known by a large number of mostly local vernacular names, in both native and invasive ranges. In English, it is mostly commonly known as Siam weed, while in French, it is often called l’herbe du Laos.\nFigure 1. Global distribution of Chromolaena odorata, on a country record basis. Map generated by Jimaima Le Grand (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries). A version of this map was published in Zachariades et al. (2009) and is used here with permission from Cambridge University Press. [pdf]\nChromolaena has a wide indigenous range in the neotropics, from the southern USA to northern Argentina. Here it is a pioneering, early succession plant, weedy in land that has been overgrazed or otherwise disturbed. However, it is soon replaced by other plant species.\nIn contrast, in the Old World it is a transformer species, forming dense, smothering mats over other vegetation. In most habitats it is not progressively replaced by other plant species over time (although it can be replaced by, and replace, other invasive alien plants such as Lantana camara), but persists and changes the landscape it invades. It is a major weed of agriculture, affecting both pastoral and cropping, from subsistence and small-scale to large-scale commercial enterprises; of silviculture; and of conservation lands. It is also a direct threat to human settlements due to its high flammability when dry.\nSome of the attributes that contribute to chromolaena’s success as an invader are its rapid growth rate, its allelopathic properties and, in the dry season, its huge seed production (up to about 1 million seeds per plant per flowering season) and, due to high levels of essential oils, its high flammability. Although it readily invades disturbed areas, it can also invade natural habitats that are subject to minimal disturbance. It has a very plastic morphology: in open areas, it forms a compact shrub up to 3m tall, whereas under trees or on forest margins it can scramble up to 10m to emerge over the canopy. However, it does not tolerate complete shade. Chromolaena spreads rapidly due to its small, light seeds attached to a pappus, which are dispersed both by air currents and on animals and vehicles.\nC. odorata infestation, Homestead,Florida, USA\nChromolaena displays considerable morphological variation within its native range. Flower colour varies from white through pale lilac to blue, and other aspects of flower morphology can also vary (e.g. shape of bracts, diameter of capitula). Leaves and stems range from glabrous to hairy and as a consequence, their colour varies too. Plant architecture is variable (lax to upright), as is the odour of crushed leaves and stems. In some areas of the neotropics (e.g. the Caribbean and Central America), high local variability is evident, while in others (parts of the South American mainland), it is locally uniform in morphology. C.\nodorata infestation, East Timor. Photo: Colin Wilson\nThere appear to be two primary centres of invasion by chromolaena in the Old World. Each centre of invasion is characterised by plants which are morphologically homogeneous within that centre of invasion but morphologically distinct between the centres of invasion. In the first, more widespread centre of invasion, chromolaena probably spread throughout Asia and Oceania from the Calcutta Botanic Garden, where it had been planted in the mid-19th century.\nThis form of chromolaena appears to have been taken from Sri Lanka to West Africa in the first half of the 20th century. From here, it spread and is now present from the Gambia to northern Angola and Tanzania. Because this constitutes a secondary introduction it is considered as part of the first centre of invasion. A second form of chromolaena appeared in south-eastern South Africa in the 1940s, from where it spread throughout climatically suitable areas of the subcontinent. Since the biology of plants in these two centres of invasion is apparently also distinct in some important characteristics, both these forms have been characterised as ‘biotypes’ and functionally, although not strictly, can be considered to be separate species. They are referred to from hereon as the Asian/West African (AWA) biotype and the southern African (SA) biotype.\nTwo morphological forms of C. odorata growing together in Jamaica.\nThe plant on the left is similar to the SA biotype\nwhile the hairier plant on\nthe right is similar to the AWA biotype.\nControl and management of chromolaena in its invasive range has\nbeen achieved through various means. Various herbicides (foliar and cut stump)\nhave been used with good effect, but are expensive and therefore not viable in\nthe long term or over large areas. Young plants can be easily uprooted. Older\nplants can be slashed but quickly coppice unless stumps are dug out or herbicide\nis applied to them.\nTractor-mounted foliar herbicide treatment of C. odorata,\nC. odorata killed by foliar herbicide\nRegular burning has been shown to be effective in suppressing\ninfestations in grassland and savanna, although the AWA biotype does not appear\nto be as easily killed by fire as the SA biotype. In West Africa especially, the\nstatus of chromolaena has become controversial. While some farmers consider it a\nserious weed, others view it as beneficial. It is said to enrich the soil,\nsuppress more noxious weeds, and shorten the fallow period that is necessary in\nshifting agricultural systems.\nAlthough individual chromolaena plants are easily killed using\nmechanical and chemical means, the rapid rate of growth and recruitment of the\nplant, together with the often low value or inaccessibility of the invaded land\nand the fact that it is largely a weed of developing countries in the tropics\nand subtropics (most of which lack the resources to mount large-scale control\nprogrammes), have resulted in chromolaena becoming one of the most widespread,\nabundant and damaging plants in the world. Classical biological control, using\nhost-specific arthropods and pathogens collected from the plant in its region of\norigin, offers a crucial complementary tool in suppressing chromolaena to\nKey references:Gautier, L. (1992). Taxonomy and\ndistribution of a tropical weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King and\nH. Robinson. Candollea, 47, 645-662.\nGoodall, J. M. and Erasmus, D. J. (1996). Review of the status\nand integrated control of the invasive alien weed, Chromolaena odorata,\nin South Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 56,\nHolm, L. G, Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, P.\nD. (1977). The World’s Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Honolulu,\nHI:University Press of Hawaii.\nKriticos, D. J., Yonow, T. and McFadyen, R. E. (2005). The\npotential distribution of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) in relation\nto climate. Weed Research, 45, 246-254.\nLiggitt, B. (1983). The invasive plant Chromolaena\nodorata, with regard to its status and control in Natal. Pietermaritzburg,\nSouth Africa: Institute of Natural Resources, University of Natal, Rural\nStudies Series, Monograph 2, 1-41.\nMcFadyen, R. E. C. (1989). Siam weed: a new threat to\nAustralia’s north. Plant Protection Quarterly, 4, 3-7.\nZachariades, C., Day, M., Muniappan, R. and Reddy, G.V.P.\n(2009) Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson (Asteraceae). Chapter\n8 in: Biological Control of Tropical Weeds using Arthropods. Muniappan,\nR., Reddy, G.V.P. and Raman, A. (eds). Cambridge University Press. In press.\nZachariades, C., von Senger, I. and Barker, N. P. (2004)\nEvidence for a northern Caribbean origin for the southern African biotype of\nChromolaena odorata. In Proceedings of the Sixth International\nWorkshop on Biological Control and Management of Chromolaena, ed. M. D. Day\nand R. E. McFadyen. ACIAR Technical Reports, 55, 25-27", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A WWF-Pakistan trained observer, Amir Rahim, successfully released an entangled Olive ridley turtle about 180 nautical miles from Karachi in the Arabian sea. According to Rahim, he has seen many turtles entangled in fishing nets, but this was the first time he saw a turtle trapped in a polypropylene bag.\nThe single greatest threat to most sea turtles is fishing gear. Hundreds of thousands of turtles are accidentally caught by gillnets, shrimp trawl nets and on longline hooks each year. Endangered loggerheads, green turtles and leatherbacks are especially vulnerable. WWF is working to reduce this threat by supporting innovations in fishing gear and raising awareness through education.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A clear sky this morning allowed brilliant Morning Star Venus and bright Mars to put on a planetary display before sunrise.\nby Jeffrey L. Hunt\nA north breeze that cleared smoke from the western wildfires revealed bright planets and bright stars.\nAt about 4 a.m. CDT, bright Mars was high in the south-southwest. It is among the dim stars of Pisces. The Red Planet is slowly retrograding – moving westward compared to the starry background. This illusion occurs when our faster moving planet approaches and passes the slower moving outer planets.\nMars is closest to Earth on October 6. As Earth approaches Mars, the Red Planet becomes brighter, but not much larger in appearance to the human eye. While it can double in its apparent size through a telescope, the increase is imperceptible to the human eye (unlike what is shown in the social media memes.)\nEarth moves between the sun and Mars on October 13. This is called opposition, because the planets appear on opposite sides of Earth and their place and visible times are opposite of each other.\nAt opposition, a planet rises at sunset, appears in the south around midnight, and sets in the west as the sun rises in the east. Mars appears at opposition about every 26 months.\nOn the photo above, Mars appears 1.9° to the upper left of Nu Piscium (ν Psc on the photo) and 2.5° to the lower left of Omicron Piscium (ο Psc).\nAt this hour, brilliant Venus is low in the east. An hour later, about 90 minutes before sunrise, the planet is higher in the sky.\nAt this time Venus appears with other bright stars. The night’s brightest star, Sirius, is low in the southeast. About a month ago, the star made its first appearance in the morning sky this year.\nThe famous constellation Orion – with its bright stars Betelgeuse and Rigel – are to the upper right of the Dog Star.\nWith a binocular the Orion Nebula, a stellar nursery – is visible as a hazy cloud. The Little Dog Star – Procyon – is nearby. The Gemini Twins – Castor and Pollux appear above Venus\nAmong the stars Venus is moving eastward in the very dim starfield of Cancer. This morning it is 1.4° to the lower left of Omicron Cancri (ο Cnc on the photo). Watch Venus move farther away from ο Cnc.\nHere is a daily summary about the planets during September.\n2022, June 29: Sagittarius A star, the Milky Way’s suspected black hole, is in the south during the midnight hour.Keep reading", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On 1 December 2017 the Health and Safety at Work (Hazardous Substances) Regulations 2017 will come into force. The aim is to reduce both the immediate harm to people and longer-term illness caused by hazardous substances in the workplace.\nIt’s no small matter. A hazardous substance is any product or chemical that has explosive, flammable, oxidising, toxic or corrosive properties – and they’re everywhere. Around one in three New Zealand workplaces use, manufacture, handle or store them. This includes factories, farmers and growers, as well as printers, collision repairers, hairdressers and retailers. They are in commonly used products such as fuels and LPG, solvents, cleaning solutions and agrichemicals.\n“Used safely, hazardous substances can contribute to the nation’s economic growth and prosperity,” WorkSafe’s General Manager Operations and Specialist Services Brett Murray says, “but they also pose real risks to the people working with or around them.\n“The harm from inhaling toxic vapours or having contact with some substances is often unseen. Workers may be unaware they are being exposed, and the effects of exposure may not be seen for many years.”\nHazardous substances are a major contributor to the estimated 600-900 deaths and 30,000 cases of serious ill health from work-related disease each year in New Zealand. This is in addition to the fatalities and immediate harm through accidents, such as fires and explosions, and unsafe use.\n“It’s time this changed,” says Mr Murray. “The Regulations bring an expectation on all those working with hazardous substances to know what those substances are, the risks they pose and how to manage those risks.”\nWhat’s changing? On 1 December 2017 the rules for managing hazardous substances in the workplace are moving from the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (HSNO) to the Health and Safety at Work Act (HSWA). Many of the existing requirements will continue. However there are some changes to improve the management of these substances at work.\n“If you use or store these substances, you need to look at what has changed under the new Regulations to ensure you are meeting your obligations to protect workers,” Mr Murray says.\nAs well as looking at what is changing, Mr Murray says people need to remember there is already legislation in place they should be complying with.\n“If you are following the current rules, you may only need to do a few things differently, but now is the ideal time to review your management of hazardous substances and ensure you are doing your duty to protect people from harm.”\nBusinesses will already be familiar with the HSWA approach to managing work-related health and safety risks. From 1 December 2017 this includes hazardous substances. It’s another step in helping to ensure our people get home healthy and safe.\nWorkSafe’s website has information, guidance and FAQs. Its online Hazardous Substances Toolbox has tools to help. You can also subscribe to the Hazardous Substances Update.\nThe Health and Safety at Work (Hazardous Substances) Regulations 2017 are available on the New Zealand Legislation website.\nSource: WorkSafe NZ", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) meakanense Murao et Tadauchi (Halictidae, Mt. Meakan, Hokkaido, Japan)|\nA database BeeFukuda is a specimen database based on the bee collection mainly collected in Hokkaido, Japan by Dr. Hiromi Fukuda. The collection was donated to the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University. Dr. Fukuda studied and collected bees in Hokkaido University with Dr. Shoichi F. Sakagami and constructed a vast collection. His collection will be great important for faunal change related to global warming in the future. The total number of specimens at present is 49,671 (September 20, 2009). Each record consists of 19 items according to a format of the Darwin Core of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), such as scientific name, country, collecting locality, collecting date, collector, etc.\nThe related bee database files are as follows:\nHANABACHI (Image database based on the Japanese bees)\nTABR (Reference database based on troipical Asian bees)\nELKUType (Type specimen database based on the collection preserved in the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University)\nBeeELKU (Bee specimen database based on the collection preserved in the Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, except for Prof. Tadauchi's foreign collections)\nBeeCAsia (Bee specimen database based on the collection collected in Central Asia by the Kyushu University Expedition)\nBeeFTadauchi (Bee specimen database based on Prof. Tadauchi's collection collected in foreign countries)\nABeeBOL (DNA Barcode Database of Asian Bees)\nThe BeeFukuda is managed by a text database management system SIGMA.\nThe BeeFukuda file is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results (Head Investigator: Osamu Tadauchi) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(A) (Head Investigator: Osamu Tadauchi) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and a Grant-in-Aid for Biodiversity Database from Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (Head Investigator: Osamu Tadauchi).\nThe use of data in this database is free of charge if the objective is academic study or educational purposes.\nData and Tags are the Following 19 items.\n|2.||(DATE)||Date Last Modified|\n|6.||(BR)||Basis of Record|\n|14.||(AU)||Scientific Name Author|\n|19.||(REL)||Relation Type (associated plants)|\n|Date Last Modified||2010. 02. 28|\n|Scientific Name||Andrena (Trachandrena) haemorrhoa japonibia|\n|Basis of Record||S|\n|Scientific Name Author||Hirashima, 1957|\n|Relation Type (associated plants)|\nTadauchi, O., C. Hirosawa, H. Inoue, T. Sugimoto, R. Murao, N. Takahashi, S. Sato, K. Mitai and Y. Hara, 2009. Specimen database AIIC, Asian insect information center database, based on types and normal specimens collected in Asia and the Pacific Area, Part 1. Esakia, (49): 1-5.\nEntomology Database Project Group (Head: O. Tadauchi, Editors: O. Tadauchi,, C. Hirosawa, System administrator: H. Inoue, Y. Hara) holds the copyright on the entomology database BeeFukuda.\nInquiries and Comments about BeeFukuda should be the following E-mail Address.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Fossvogur layers are among the best known sedimentary formations in Iceland. The sequence is made of marine sediment with subfossil shells, fluvial beds, and till layers both below and on top of the marine part. All the sequence is resting on the striated Reykjavík olivine tholeiite basalt.\nThe layers can be observed in Fossvogur, in Nauthólsvík and in Skerjafjörður. They also have been found in grounds in Reykjavík west, such as in the Iceland University campus.\nThe Fossvogur layers have been known among natural scientists from the 19th century and have been investigated and discussed in detail. Many types of molluscs are found, bivalves, cochleae and barnacles. All of them are still living around Iceland today.\nThe Fossvogur layers are from the late glacial times. Radiometric age determinations on the shells give 12,500-13,000 years BP, or from the Alleröd stage, and the upper till is therefore of Younger Dryas age.\nThe Fossvogur layers can best be investigated at the head of the Fossvogur inlet and along the northern shore where they form low cliffs. The fossile shells, variable sedimentary layers and underlying basalt can easily be found.\nÁrni Hjartarson, 2010.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Consumer Reports published a report Sept. 19 on arsenic in foods made from rice. At the same time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration released the first part of what will be a much larger study of arsenic in foods. The findings are that arsenic is present in quantities that might increase an individual’s life-time risk of cancer when children consume typical amounts of rice products.\nWhile additional research, including the results of the ongoing FDA study, will be needed to provide detailed recommendations, the American Academy of Pediatrics believes that at the individual level, offering children a variety of foods, including products made from oats and wheat, will decrease children’s exposure to arsenic derived from rice. In addition, if parents raise questions about arsenic in juice products, they can be reminded that it is not necessary to offer children any juice in a well-balanced, healthy diet; and that for years the AAP has recommended limited intake of all sweet beverages, including juice.\nAt the public policy level, the AAP will work with the FDA and other federal agencies to limit the use of arsenical compounds and participate in discussions about decreasing arsenic exposure through food and beverages.\nThe AAP has collected resources for members to help them respond to parent concerns about arsenic in rice products.\nFDA:Arsenic in Rice\nAgency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Arsenic FAQ\nConsumerReports article, “Arsenic in Your Food”\nAAP speaking points on arsenic in rice (member log-in required)\nAAP Background on Arsenic\nAAP News article\nThe American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of 60,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists and pediatric surgical specialists dedicated to the health, safety and well-being of infants, children, adolescents and young adults. For more information, visit www.aap.org.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With temperatures beginning to drop, it’s always important to know the potential dangers on the human body with each weather element.\nTuolumne County Public Health Officer, Dr Todd Stolp was Wednesday’s KVML “Newsmaker of the Day”.\n“Wind Chill” is the added cooling factor that the climate has when the body is evaporating moisture from its surface. The wind robs us of our much needed natural body heat. It’s important to expect wind chill beyond the natural cool temperatures during the Winter and bundle up.\nFrostbite occurs when the cold temperatures have contracted enough muscles in parts of the body that blood stops circulating through the tissues. Tissue always needs oxygen and without it, the tissue dies. This is why frostbite occurs in parts of the body furthest from the center (heart).\nSigns of frostbite include numbness or loss of sensation. Following that would be discoloration of the skin. Following that would be a darkness of the tissue easily showing up on the skin surface. This means the tissue has died.\nCold temperatures do not necessarily bring the flu, however, when the human body needs to excel natural energy to keep warm, the immune system may be somewhat weakened in fighting off potential threats and dangers.\nFinally never use propane heaters or Bar-B-Ques indoors to keep warm. These devices are not designed for indoor use and will create a major fire and air hazards.\nThe Newsmaker of the Day can be heard each weekday morning at 6:47, 7:47 and 8:47 on AM-1450 KVML.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dental Filling Materials\nA look at the role of various types of dental filling material.\nHaving a tooth filled is one of the most common dental procedures that people experience. In most cases, these will be used when there is a small to medium amount of decay, or where a small part of the tooth has broken off.\nAt Blue Sky Dental in Chelmsford, there are a number of materials that can be used for this and other purposes. Below we take a look at some commonly used dental filling materials to help broaden your own dental knowledge.\nAmalgam is a widely used material for filling teeth. There are very good reasons for this as it offers a level of strength and durability that makes it an excellent choice. There are some potential drawbacks to amalgam though; the most obvious of these being the fact that it is a dark material and is highly visible when revealed. In addition to this, amalgam contains mercury, and, although its use has been deemed to be safe by the General Dental Council, the European parliament has pledged to phase out its use over a number of years.\nFor patients who express concerns about the mercury in amalgam, or simply those who wish to have a filling that matches the colour of their natural teeth, white coloured fillings are ideal. These are now almost as strong as amalgam, though, for larger cavities in a rear tooth, inlays or onlays may provide a higher level of strength whilst still maintaining the appearance of the tooth. This type of filling is usually made from powdered glass and ceramic in a resin base and may require less of the tooth to be shaped when compared to amalgam, due to its excellent bonding qualities.\nGlass ionomer cement is predominantly used in the prevention of dental decay where a tooth has been compromised through a small break. It has excellent bonding qualities and acts as a sealant. Special formulations have additional benefits of slowly releasing fluoride and thereby helping to protect the tooth. It is, however, not the strongest material and is usually used on the edges of the tooth and not the biting surface. It may also need to be replaced at reasonably regular intervals.\nGutta percha is specifically used for filling a tooth that has had root canal treatment. It is a rubber like material and is heated and moulded to fit the root canals of the teeth, sealing them effectively and preventing further infection. It is not really used for any other type of filling.\nBlue Sky Dental offer Chelmsford patients a wide range of both general and cosmetic dental procedures to help you to have both healthy and attractive teeth. To arrange a consultation with one of our dentists, please call us on 01245 211070.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By M. E. Bratchel\nEven if there are various books in English at the urban and nation of Lucca, this can be the 1st scholarly learn to hide the historical past of the whole quarter from classical antiquity to the top of the 15th century. At one point, it truly is an archive-based research of a hugely precise political group; at one other, it's designed as a contribution to present discussions on power-structures, the heritage of the kingdom, and the variations among city-states and the recent territorial states that were\nemerging in Italy via the fourteenth century.\nThere is a unprecedented consensus between historians at the attribute beneficial properties of the Italian city-state: basically the centralization of financial, political, and juridical strength on a unmarried urban and in one ruling category. therefore outlined, Lucca retained clone of an old school, old-style city-republic all through until eventually the lack of political independence in 1799. No consensus exists in regards to the defining traits of the Renaissance kingdom. used to be it centralized or de-centralized;\nintrusive or non-interventionist? the hot nearby states have been most of these issues. And the comparability with Lucca is complex and nuanced as a result.\nLucca governed over a comparatively huge urban territory, partly a legacy from classical antiquity. Lucca was once special within the pervasive energy exercised over its territory (largely a legacy of the region's political heritage within the early and principal heart ages). as a result, the Lucchese kingdom confirmed a marked continuity in its political association, and precociousness in its administrative constructions. The skills relate to practicalities and assets. The coercive powers and\nbureaucratic aspirations of any medieval kingdom have been exceptionally constrained, while Lucca's means for autonomous motion used to be more and more circumscribed via the proximity (and territorial enclaves) of extra strong and predatory neighbours.\nRead or Download Medieval Lucca: And the Evolution of the Renaissance State PDF\nSimilar Renaissance books\nMedieval Jewish philosophers were studied broadly through sleek students, yet even supposing their philosophical considering was once frequently formed via their interpretation of the Bible, quite little realization has been paid to them as biblical interpreters. during this examine, Robert Eisen breaks new floor through examining how six medieval Jewish philosophers approached the publication of activity.\nAccording to broad documentary and archival research,Music in Renaissance Ferrarais a research of the increase of tune at a necessary heart of Italian Renaissance tradition, concentrating on the consumers and musicians whose efforts gave Ferrara a prime function in eu song through the 15th century. The successive rulers of the Italian city-state, individuals of the Este dynasty, dropped at Ferrara probably the most very important composers of the interval, together with Guillaume Dufay, Johannes Martini, Jacob Obrecht, and Josquin Desprez.\nThe universally acclaimed and award-winning Oxford historical past of Western song is the eminent musicologist Richard Taruskin's provocative, erudite telling of the tale of Western song from its earliest days to the current. each one e-book during this superlative five-volume set illuminates-through a consultant sampling of masterworks- the topics, types, and currents that supply form and course to an important interval within the historical past of Western track.\nThis publication provides for the 1st time an introductory, contextual learn of 3 centuries of musical task on the 4 significant charitable foundations of the previous Republic of Venice: the ospedali grandi. Berdes presents a entire account of the institutional, social, non secular, and civic dimensions of those welfare complexes, with specific connection with their musical subsidiaries, the cori.\nExtra resources for Medieval Lucca: And the Evolution of the Renaissance State", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bulletin: Parents, Your Involvement Matters...in Science, Too! (2004) provides lots of practical tips for things parents can do everyday to support and encourage their children’s interest in science. It dispels some popular myths about science, and includes a sample science standard for Pre-k to grade 2 from the Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Frameworks. English, Spanish or Portuguese\nBulletin: Helping Your Child Learn Science, (p.2) (2001). From creepy crawlies to plants and light, here are suggestions to help parents keep science interesting and exciting for their kids. Find out what your children need to know about science and technology. English, Spanish or Portuguese\nU.S. Department of Education\n• Helping Your Child Learn Science: English or Spanish\n• FREE (Federal Resources for Educational Excellence) has great resources that advise parents and teachers on things they can do to help every child learn science. It covers earth science, space sciences, life sciences, physical sciences, applied and other sciences.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tech moves fast! Stay ahead of the curve with Techopedia!\nJoin nearly 200,000 subscribers who receive actionable tech insights from Techopedia.\nA dedicated server is a type of remote server that is entirely dedicated to an individual, organization or application. It is deployed, hosted and managed by a hosting, cloud or managed service provider (MSP).\nA dedicated server is exclusive and not shared with any other customer, service or application.\nA dedicated server provides functionality like an in-house server but is owned, operated and managed by the backend provider. The user/customer remotely connects with the dedicated server over the Internet to perform a suite of server based services.\nA dedicated server may be used to host applications and/or services, as well as for data storage and backup services. A dedicated server also may be used internally for the hosting and provisioning of specialized services, such as implementing dedicated file or network servers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Flinders Ranges: history, culture, beauty\nExplore a fossil-rich, historically important place of magnificent beauty.\nIT'S HARD TO imagine that 120 million years ago most of the sun-burnt continent of Australia was under water. Even harder to imagine is a time 800 million years ago when the Flinders Ranges in South Australia were created.\nAt this time, great forces of nature lifted the entire east coast of Australia clear out of the sea creating a deep inland hollow. Over the next several million years, the sea flooded in, depositing huge amounts of rock and debris, and leaving behind a fractured, furrowed landscape characterised by deep valleys, rippled sea floors and the fossils of countless sea creatures.\nSo unique are the fossils found in this landscape, that geologists had to revise the geologic time-line of the Earth's history, identifying a new era called the Ediacaran period. It's no surprise why this environment, one of the oldest surviving on Earth, has been nominated as one of Australia's 'National Landscapes'.\nThe Flinders Ranges stretch from Crystal Brook near Port Pirie in southern South Australia more than 400 km to Arkaroola in the north. If you haven't visited the outback before, photographs might give the impression that this is a desolate landscape; but in truth, this timeless land is very much alive.\nThe more you explore these enigmatic gorges, the more secrets they reveal, providing a glimpse into the history of time. Thousands of years of rich Aboriginal heritage give a spiritual meaning to the surrounding physical features. A rustle in the bushes may reveal an elusive and endangered Yellow-footed Rock Wallaby or an emu leading its chicks to the creek bed. It's an ideal spot for soaking up a piece of Australia, capped off with some bush tucker and a pot of billy tea.\nFlinders Ranges three distict regions\nThe Flinders Ranges can be divided into three distinct regions each offering different experiences, and can easily be reached by 4WD from South Australia's capital in Adelaide. In just three hours you'll reach the Mount Remarkable National Park in the Southern Flinders Ranges.\nThis is a good place to stop and stretch the legs as the park's bushwalking and cycling trails are some of the best in South Australia. They vary in length from casual family-style walks to long-distance trails for the serious adventurer. If you haven't brought your bike, there are many places throughout the region where you can hire one.\nThis is also one of the entry points for two of South Australia's best-known trails - the Heysen walking trail and the Mawson off-road riding trail. For a shorter (but still steep!) walk, climb to the peak of Mount Remarkable, where you'll be rewarded with amazing views across the valleys. Wirrabara and Bundaleer forests also have excellent recreational trails.\nYou can also find a very different type of trail in the south. The Southern Flinders Ranges Heritage Trail of the region's museums and colonial buildings will give you an insight into the region's recent past.\nFood lovers should not miss the gourmet experience of the Southern Flinders Flavours Trail, touring local food and wine producers. Here you can sample everything from gourmet meats and olive products to honey and seafood. Make sure to visit the Flinder's first cellar door at Remarkable View Wines and don't miss the delicious local ice cream at Laura.\nThe perfect appetiser to the Central Flinders Ranges is the Wadlata Outback Interpretive Centre in Port Augusta. Here hands-on displays cast a fascinating light on everything from Aboriginal legends to pioneering feats and the history of the landscape. Botanical buffs shouldn't miss Port Augusta's award-winning Australian Arid Lands Botanic Garden, with more than 10 kilometres of walking tracks displaying amazing flora that grows nowhere else in the world.\nA touch of history on the Flinders Ranges\nSouth Australia's country towns ooze history, the tiny township of Quorn is no exception. Not only does it boast a majestic old pub on every corner, but historic old railway town is home to the Pichi Richi Railway, a volunteer-run train system that is one of Australia's greatest heritage train journeys. The railway, which was once lifeline to early pioneers, follows in the tracks of the Old Ghan to Port Augusta.\nA more luxurious way to explore this remote landscape by rail is on board the new trains that ply the tracks today. The Ghan leaves from Adelaide on a two-day, 3000 km journey from Alice Springs to Darwin, with opportunities to jump off board and explore Port Augusta and the famous underground opal mining town of Coober Pedy along the way. The Indian Pacific also stops at Adelaide and Port Augusta on its epic journey across the country from Sydney to Perth.\nThe Flinders Ranges is also an excellent place to explore from the saddle. Home of the 'Great Australian Outback Cattle Drive', this is where you can star in your own scene from the movie 'Australia' and try your hand at living the life of a drover for a week.\nAt the heart of the Flinders Ranges National Park, and a must for every visitor to South Australia's big backyard, is the awesome amphitheatre of Wilpena Pound. The Yura Muda Aboriginal legend tells how Wilpena Pound was formed by the bodies of two giant serpents that could not move after eating the people who had gathered there for a ceremony. St Mary Peak forms the head of the male serpent, while Beatrice Hill forms the head of the female.\nThe unique Wilpena Pound Resort is a good base from which to explore this diverse region and its numerous walking, 4WD and mountain bike trails. To fully appreciate the view, take a scenic flight over the area and watch as the ranges take on a dazzling array of hues as the sun shifts overhead.\nIndigenous legends of the Flinders\nAccording to another Aboriginal legend, the rocky Northern Flinders Ranges was formed by an argument between two kangaroos and was separated from Lake Frome by the sweep of a kangaroo's tail. It's here that you'll really feel that you're beginning to get into the outback.\nWhile it's possible to explore the Flinders Ranges on your own, and the two-day self-drive Aboriginal Dreaming Trail that visits the Aboriginal communities of Nepabunna and Iga Warta, makes it easy to do; you'll gain a greater understanding of the significance of this land on one of the guided walks, overnight camps and cultural tours offered by one of the local Aboriginal operators, who will reveal the tens of thousands of years of history and mythology in the ancient cave paintings, song lines and sacred sites found here.\nAccommodation in this region ranges from five-star world-class eco-lodges to five million star scenic campgrounds under five million stars. The Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary is one of the unique properties to stay.\nPurchased by the Sprigg family in the 1960s with the intent to return a farming property to its original state, the family still runs the lodge today. A highlight is the famous observatory, one of the best places on the planet to observe the southern sky.\nThe Flinders Ranges may have appeared barren to early colonial observers such as the Surveyor General, Colonel Edward Charles Frome, who in the 1840s said: \"A more barren sterile country could not be imagined\".\nBut take the time to explore this vast rugged terrain and it will be sure to capture your imagination with its countless stories of life on Earth.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Scientists Generate Black Hole Radiation in the LabDecember 7th, 2009 By Lisa Zyga in Physics / Plasma Physics\nIllustrations of photoionizing plasma systems. (Left) In a binary system consisting of a black hole and a companion star, X-rays are emitted from the accretion disk. (Right) In the photoionized plasma experiment, a hollow plastic shell is imploded with 12 laser beams, creating a plasma that produces X-rays similar to those near a black hole. Image credit: Hubble European Space Agency.\n(PhysOrg.com) -- Due to their violent nature and long distance from Earth, black holes and their surroundings are very difficult to study. Currently, the main method to observe a black hole is to use an X-ray satellite to detect the X-ray fluorescence emitted by a black hole’s companion star as the star’s material falls into the black hole. But now, scientists have developed a laser-driven method to generate a flash of brilliant Planckian X-rays in the lab that can be used to simulate the X-rays that exist near black holes. The new results contrast with the generally accepted explanation for the origins of these astronomical features, and may also help scientists test the complex computer codes used in X-ray astronomy.\nThe team of researchers, Shinsuke Fujioka, et al., from Osaka University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, have published their study on creating Planckian X-rays in the laboratory in a recent issue of Nature Physics.\nIn their study, the researchers used a direct laser-driven implosion to create a hot, dense plasma. They aimed 12 intense laser beams (for a total of 3 billion watts, and carrying 4.0 kJ [kilojoules] of energy) onto a micrometer-sized spherical hollow plastic shell. When the shell’s core imploded, its temperature approached 1 keV (kiloelectronvolt), creating a hot plasma. With other adjustments to the set-up, the researchers could produce a slowly expanding, cool plasma, much like the astronomical plasma observed near black holes. In the laboratory-generated plasma, the researchers detected the emitted X-rays and measured their spectra.\nThey identified two characteristic spectral peaks that closely resemble the spectral peaks observed in the binary systems Cygnus X-3 and Vela X-1. In the model of Cygnus X-3, which consists of a black hole and a companion star, the gravitational energy of the star’s accreting material is converted into thermal energy, which is the origin of the radiation emitted by the accretion disk. The X-ray spectra of Cygnus X-3 was previously observed by an X-ray spectrometer onboard the Chandra X-ray satellite.\n“Astronomers use computer simulation codes to interpret their observational data, e.g. x-ray spectra and x-ray images,” Fujioka told PhysOrg.com. “Because matter near a black hole is in extreme conditions (very hot and very massive), which was difficult to be reproduced on the Earth, astronomers could not validate their simulation results with valid experimental data; namely, astronomers were not sure whether their simulation results and their interpretations were correct or not.\n“Furthermore, astronomers cannot directly measure temperature, density, and pressure of astronomical objects; there are many unknown parameters to interpret their observations. On the other hand, we can easily measure them in the laboratory. Our experimental technique offers astronomers a test bed to validate their models and simulations by comparing them to the experimental results obtained under well-characterized extreme conditions.”\nAlthough the X-ray spectra obtained in the lab resemble those observed astronomically, their interpretations are very different, and even contradictory. Most significantly, the first spectral peak in the two binary systems is thought to be a forbidden resonance line of helium-like silicon ions. However, as Fujioka explained, these differences could help astronomers test the computer codes used in X-ray astronomy modeling.\n“X-ray spectroscopy of photoionized plasma near a black hole is an important tool to study the evolution of a black hole,” Fujioka said. “Astronomers can reproduce their observational data even with incorrect or wrong models owing to adjusting the unknown parameters. If their codes are not valid, characteristics (temperature, density, mass, pressure etc.) of the binary systems may be changed. We hope that our result improves their understanding of the birth, growth, and death of a black hole.”\nMore information: Shinsuke Fujioka, et al. “X-ray astronomy in the laboratory with a miniature compact object produced by laser-driven implosion.” Nature Physics, Vol. 5, November 2009. Doi:10.1038/NPHYS1402\nCopyright 2009 PhysOrg.com.\nAll rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or part without the express written permission of PhysOrg.com.\n\"Scientists Generate Black Hole Radiation in the Lab.\" December 7th, 2009. http://phys.org/news179398351.html", "label": "No"}
{"text": "St. Hippolytus of Rome\nDr. Marcellino D'Ambrosio\nThe most prolific Roman Church Father of the third century, St. Hippolytus wrote in an age when the Church of Rome was still Greek in language and culture. He was, in fact, the last Roman theologian to write in the language of the New Testament. And because the use of Greek died out in Rome by the mid fourth century, many of Hippolytus’ works were forgotten and even lost. Among those that survive is the earliest known Christian biblical commentary, the Commentary on Daniel (ca. 204), which accepted as canonical the parts of the book (Dan 13-14) later rejected by some Protestant Reformers. His numerous other commentaries illustrate that, like the Fathers generally, he was before all else an interpreter of Scripture.\nHippolytus also shares with many Fathers another passion--the refutation of heresy. Several of his writings attack Gnosticism and pagan Greek philosophy. Others inveigh against Sabellianism, that Christian heresy which so emphasized the unity of God that any real, eternal distinction between the three persons of the Trinity was denied. In combating Sabellianism, however, Hippolytus ironically fell prey to the opposite extreme. His error, known as Subordinationism, tended to portray the Father and His Word as two altogether separate and unequal beings.\nOrdained a priest under Pope Victor (189-197), Hippolytus unfairly accused Victor’s successor Zephyrinus (198-217) of Sabellianism. To his jaundiced eye, the Pope and his close advisors were liturgical as well as doctrinal innovators who relaxed the Church’s penitential and liturgical discipline. This motivated Hippolytus to write a brief treatise called the Apostolic Tradition (AT) which aimed to remind Roman Christians of the way of life and worship handed down from the apostles. This document, lost for over a millennium, was only recovered in the early years of the 20th century. Though written around 215, it most likely reflects the Roman practices of the late second century to which its traditionalist author wanted the church to return. The unmistakable Jewish imprint on the Christian liturgy it describes is striking evidence that these rites date back to a time when the leaders of the Christian Community were converted Jews, namely, the apostolic (30-65 AD) or sub-apostolic (65-100 AD) periods. Thus this work, true to its name, provides us an unparalleled window into the prayer and worship of apostolic Christianity.\nOne of the first things to note is how devoid Hippolytus is of any sola scriptura mentality that would pit the Bible against unwritten traditions. His devotion to Scripture, demonstrated in his commentaries, does not preclude his devotion to tradition, since both are for him expressions of the same apostolic teaching (AT 1:3-5; cf. 2 Thess 2:15). Secondly, it is clear that, for Hippolytus as for other Fathers, the apostolic tradition is primarily identified with unwritten but time-honored liturgical practices rather than with unrecorded dogmatic facts such as Mary’s Assumption (cf. St. Basil, On the Holy Spirit 66).\nYet these liturgical practices presume and express important points of doctrine. For example, the AT’s prayer for the ordination of a bishop shows us that the bishop was understood as the high priest of the community who is given sacramental power, through ordination, to forgive sins and offer the eucharistic sacrifice (AT 3.4-5; cf. 1 Clement 40 and 44). Indeed, while private Bible reading (AT 36.2) and gatherings for biblical teaching (AT 35.2) are part of the rhythm of Church life, the Christianity of the AT is primarily a sacramental religion centering in liturgical worship led by the bishop. Here we are given clear evidence for a distinct rite of anointing with chrism (confirmation) by the bishop following baptism (AT 22) as well as for the baptism of infants (AT 21), two practices rejected by many Protestants as late distortions of pure apostolic Christianity. Sacramental blessing of such objects as oil (AT 5) and water (AT 21), are also discussed.\nThe earliest version of the Roman Baptismal Creed (later developed into the Apostle’s Creed) is found here (AT 21) as is the earliest complete eucharistic prayer (AT 4:4-13)which, incidently, serves as the basis of Eucharistic Prayer 2 of today’s Roman Mass. Even the preface dialogue, which still survives in all Catholic Eucharistic rites, is found here verbatim: \"The Lord be with you. And the people shall say: And with thy spirit. Lift up your hearts . . .\" (AT 4.3). Not only is the Eucharist spoken of repeatedly as an oblation or sacrifice (AT 3.4, 4.2, 26.23), but the consecrated loaf is clearly believed to be the \"Body of the Lord\" (AT 26.2) to be treated with the greatest reverence (AT 32.2).\nThe Catholic practice of making the sign of the cross is encouraged: \"And when tempted always reverently seal thy forehead with the sign of the Cross. For this sign of the Passion is displayed and made manifest against the devil if thou makes it in faith, not in order that thou mayest be seen of men, but by thy knowledge putting it forward as a shield.\" (37.1). This text shows that the liturgical Christianity of the AT is not an empty ritualism; the exterior sign of the cross is not a superstitious substitute for faith but an outward expression of it. And faith, according to the AT, is not understood as something separable from outward expression. If the conduct of baptismal candidates has not changed after a period of instruction, this shows that they \"did not hear the word of instruction with faith\" (AT 20.1-3) and should be dismissed.\nA few years after AT was written, Hippolytus and a small band of followers withdrew from the Roman Church, evidently claiming Hippolytus to be the rightful Pope. This schism was finally healed ca. 235 when the pagan emperor exiled Pope and Anti-Pope alike to the mines of Sardinia where they were apparently reconciled before dying together as martyrs. While Hippolytus was led to the point of schism by his rigid and judgmental \"traditionalism,\" those today who are tempted to travel the same road would do well to learn from him.\nFirst of all, Tradition for him was not a matter of preserving the exact wording of certain prayers: the eucharistic prayer he provides is, he says, only a model since celebrants in his day could still compose their own prayer extemporaneously as long as the meaning was orthodox (AT 10.3-5).\nSecondly, he reminds us that the original language of the Roman liturgy is not Latin, but Greek. The reform of the liturgy following Vatican II was not the first time that there has been significant liturgical change in the Roman Catholic tradition. When Pope Damasus converted the Roman liturgy into the new vernacular–Latin–ca. 380 AD, it was not a simple translation, but a thorough overhaul. While the basic structure and meaning of the liturgy remained the same, very little survived of the AT’s liturgical wording and style beyond the words of institution and the preface dialogue. In other words, fidelity to the apostolic tradition has always involved an interplay between continuity and the freedom of the Church to adapt to new cultural circumstances, an interplay that is most fittingly governed by the successors of the apostles themselves to whom, through sacred ordination, has been given the same Spirit which was given to the Apostles (AT 3.3).\nFor further reading see J. Quasten, Patrology, vol 2; L. Deiss, Springtime of the Liturgy; G. Dix, ed., The Treatise on the Apostolic Tradition of St. Hippolytus. Gregory Dix, ed., The Treatise on the Apostolic Tradition of St. Hippolytus of Rome. London: SPCK, 1963.\nTo read about the Humanity of God by Saint Hippolytus himself, click here!\nFollow Us -\nJoin us on Facebook\nJoin us on Twitter\nBe a part of the “new springtime” of evangelization! Your tax-deductible gift helps us use TV, radio, and the web to proclaim the message without compromise but in language even the young can understand. Click here to donate now.\nClick here to download and print St. Hippolytus of Rome\nFor more Catholic resources to feed your faith, visit the Crossroads Initiative Homepage.\nTo sign up for our free weekly e-mail with Dr. D'Ambrosio's commentary on the Sunday readings, liturgical feasts, updates on where Dr. D will be speaking, a chance to WIN a FREE CD and MORE, CLICK HERE!\n|The Early Church Fathers\nA society characterized by the violence, loss of respect for life, exotic religious cults, homosexuality, sexual promiscuity, and even pedophilia. No, we're not talking about modren times -\nThe Early Church Fathers succeeded in bringing a Pagan society to Christ. If we pay attention to what they taught, we will succeed in doing the same for our own de-Christianized society!\nAlbum 1: The Apostolic Fathers and Irenaeus\nAlbum 2: The Apologists, Ambrose, and Augustine\nEarly Church Fathers 2 DVD Set—$49.95\nEarly Church Fathers 2 CD Set—$18.00\nI Believe - The Heart of the Catholic Faith - DVD Set\nIn this dynamic, four-part faith formation series, on the Creed, Dr. D'Ambrosio explains how this expression of the basic beliefs of Roman Catholicism is relevant to our personal relationship with God.\nGreat Adventure Bible Time Line by Jeff Cavins - DVD\nThe first in the series of Great Adventure Bible Study allows you to have Jeff Cavins as your personal Bible teacher in this one-of-a-kind DVD (or CD) series. This series offers a compelling overview of God’s plan of salvation. Developed by a converted protestant minister, this amazing series will help you develop a greater appreciation of scripture!\nAdventures in Revelation 10-Week DVDsThe fourth foundational study of The Great Adventure Bible Study Series is here! In this intriguing look at one of the most talked-about books in Scripture, Jeff Cavins explores Revelation to demonstrate how the Kingdom established by Christ in His Church is intimately connected with the Kingdom of Heaven, especially through the celebration of the Mass.\nLove that Lasts: A Vision for Christian Marriage - 3 CD\n“Love that Lasts: A Vision for Christian Marriage” is the fruit of years of both study and experience. Dr. Marcellino D’Ambrosio is an internationally known Catholic speaker, author, and media personality. But he is also a husband and father of five children who illustrates his teaching with an abundance of practical tips and humorous examples from his own family life. This trilogy of talks, originally given as a marriage retreat at the world famous Cooper Clinic in Dallas, is a perfect gift for engaged couples and newlyweds seeking to lay a solid foundation for the marriage and family. But it is also a superb tool to help refresh and renew married couples who have been together for many years.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "30, 2004: When the United States Department of Agriculture\nannounced North America's second animal with mad cow disease,\nthe first news was all about borders slamming shut and the\nconsequent impact on markets. McDonald's shares fell five\npercent. U.S. Cattle prices tumbled almost 18 percent as a\n$3 billion export market blinked out. There was talk that\ngrowth in U.S. fast food outlets was at risk.\nWithin days the U.S. media coverage shifted dramatically.\nAlmost every non-government organization with peripheral connections\nto the U.S. food system published essays; wrote letters to\nthe editor or appeared on talk shows. Their issue was not\nthe market impact of one cow with a fatal disease. It was\nnot a business story. It was a food, health and environment\nstory. Even the would-be presidents in the race for the Democratic\nnomination made pronouncements about the food system.\nIncidentally this was quite different from the Canadian experience\nwith one sick cow seven months earlier. Most Canadian stories\nwere based on official information from government agencies,\nspokespeople for farm and food businesses and key politicians\nlike Albert's Premier Ralph Klein. To this day, BSE is a business\nstory in Canada but not in the U.S.\nWhat makes one sick cow in the U.S. a food story?\nFirst, conventional U.S. agriculture is a long way down the\nroad to industrialization - considerably further than Canada.\nThe U.S. food system is becoming a throughput machine where\nthe dominant values are technology, growth and the abandonment\nof restraint. It is a system that prizes efficiency, competitiveness\nand maximum production above all else. It is a system that,\ninternally, lacks the ability to see the risks of taking cow\nparts and rendering them into meat and bone meal as feed for\nthe next generation of livestock.\nSecond, we eat our environment. Food is the result of a complex\nsystem that involves feedback loops, where nutrition is more\nimportant than quantity, where unintended consequences and\nunpredictable developments are commonplace. Think drought\nor grasshoppers or mealybugs or mad cow disease. We eat in\na complex relationship with creation. The discovery of one\nsick cow in Washington drives home just how complex our food\nsystem has become.\nThird, consumers are enabled to be more risk-averse because\nof the very nature of our modern food system. We tend to be\nblasé about the risks that we choose to take. Give\nus some control and many of us are risk-takers. Our modern\nfood system delivers abundant choice, but choice is not a\nsubstitute for control. Choice allows consumers to abandon\nany product that has a whiff of risk associated with it.\nIndustrialization, complexity and choice make one sick cow\na food story.\nCorner Post can be heard weekly on CFCO Radio, Chatham and\nCKNX Radio, Wingham, Ontario. Corner Post has an email subscriber\nlist of more than 3,000 and appears regularly on Ag Worldwide\nCorrespondents at www.agriculture.com/worldwide/correspondents/index.html.\nCorner Post is archived at www.christianfarmers.org/commentary/Corner-Post.htm.\nTo be added to the electronic distribution list of Corner\nPost, send email to email@example.com with SUBSCRIBE\nas the message. To remove your name, send email with UNSUBSCRIBE\nas the message.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Farm to School Toolkits\nPosted November 2011\nFarm to school encourages healthy lifestyles in children and helps support local economies. The Wisconsin Farm to School Toolkits for school nutrition directors and producers can help you create a successful farm to school program in your community.\nThese toolkits are interactive. They include a wealth of information that will help you plan your farm to school program, source locally grown fruits and vegetables in season, work out purchasing details, estimate quantities, set prices, educate students, market your program and develop strong community partnerships. The toolkits also include links to invaluable online resources.\nThese toolkits are a collaborative effort of the UW-Madison Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems, the Wisconsin Department of Health Services, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection and the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. Their publication was supported by a grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "![if !IE]> <![endif]>\nThe Life Cycle of a Servlet\nThree methods are central to the life cycle of a servlet. These are init( ), service( ), and destroy( ). They are implemented by every servlet and are invoked at specific times by the server. Let us consider a typical user scenario to understand when these methods are called.\nFirst, assume that a user enters a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to a web browser. The browser then generates an HTTP request for this URL. This request is then sent to the appropriate server.\nSecond, this HTTP request is received by the web server. The server maps this request to a particular servlet. The servlet is dynamically retrieved and loaded into the address space of the server.\nThird, the server invokes the init( ) method of the servlet. This method is invoked only when the servlet is first loaded into memory. It is possible to pass initialization parameters to the servlet so it may configure itself.\nFourth, the server invokes the service( ) method of the servlet. This method is called to process the HTTP request. You will see that it is possible for the servlet to read data that has been provided in the HTTP request. It may also formulate an HTTP response for the client.\nThe servlet remains in the server’s address space and is available to process any other HTTP requests received from clients. The service( ) method is called for each HTTP request.\nFinally, the server may decide to unload the servlet from its memory. The algorithms by which this determination is made are specific to each server. The server calls the destroy( ) method to relinquish any resources such as file handles that are allocated for the servlet.\nImportant data may be saved to a persistent store. The memory allocated for the servlet and its objects can then be garbage collected.\nCopyright © 2018-2023 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Canadians are so polite, they physically erased this humiliating loss for the American Army from existence, except for this small monument and museum overlooking the St. Lawrence River.\nClick to expand photos\nThe Battle of Crysler’s Farm was fought on November 11, 1813 between American forces under the command of Maj. Gen. James Wilkinson and British forces commanded by Lt. Col. Joseph Wanton Morrison near Morrisburg, Ontario during the War of 1812. It was a complete victory for the British, and this, alongside another defeat at the Battle of the Chateauguay, persuaded the Americans to abandon plans to march on Montreal.\nThe American effort to capture Montreal in 1813 was known as the St. Lawrence Campaign, since it focused on militarily dominating the St. Lawrence River, at the border of the United States and British Canada. In September, Maj. Gen. James Wilkinson and 8,000 men departed from Sackets Harbor, New York and advanced east along the river, while Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton and 4,000 men advanced north from Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain. Hampton was defeated at the Battle of the Chateauguay on October 26.\nLt. Col. Joseph Wanton Morrison’s much smaller force of 900 to 1,200 men had pursued the American expedition to Morrisburg, where the two sides made camp on November 10. The next morning, battle occurred almost by accident when scouts began firing at each other, making both armies believe an attack was imminent. Morrison had chosen Crysler’s Farm because of its open terrain, while the Americans had to slog through swampy ground to reach the British.\nAs luck would have it, Maj. Gen. Wilkinson was sick, so Brig. Gen. John Parker Boyd was left in command. He attacked piecemeal, and with only 2,500 men. The American attack quickly faltered over rough terrain and a British counterattack drove them back. The American expeditionary force withdrew, leaving 102 killed, 237 wounded, and 120 captured. The British lost 31 killed and 148 wounded. Maj. Gen. Wilkinson was later accused of negligence during the campaign but was exonerated in a court martial.\nThe War of 1812, fought between the United States and Great Britain between 1812 and 1815, arose from a dispute over maritime trade and U.S. territorial ambitions on British Canada. The war went badly for the U.S., with British troops burning Washington, DC in August 1814. A late victory by Andrew Jackson at New Orleans led to the perception the U.S won the war, despite the Treaty of Ghent establishing peace without any territory changing hands.\nCanadian Parliament designated Crysler’s Farm a National Historic Site in 1920, but in 1958 it was destroyed to make way for the St. Lawrence Seaway (seaway expansion also submerged several historic farms, villages, and cemeteries). Dirt from the battlefield was piled up to create a man-made hill, on top of which was raised the 1895 obelisk that formerly marked the battle site.\nThere is a reconstructed British encampment and interpretive center nearby. Camp figures and tents are made of painted metal and provide a neat photo opportunity. The center, called the Battle Memorial Building, contains artifacts from the War of 1812, as well as two life-size dioramas depicting moments from the battle.\nBattle of Crysler’s Farm National Historic Site is adjacent to Upper Canada Village, at 13740 County Road 2, Morrisburg, Ontario along the St. Lawrence River. Free parking is available at a gravel parking lot on site. The grounds are open 24-hours, but the Battle Memorial Building is only open July and August, 10:00 am to 12:30 pm and 1:30 pm to 4:00 pm. Admission is free. Call 1-800-437-2233 or email firstname.lastname@example.org for more information.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "N* variation within the Eastern Tropical North Pacific\nMacMillan, Abigal Victoria MacLaine\nMetadataShow full item record\n[Author's Abstract] N* is a summary parameter used to describe areas of the ocean as either sources or sinks of fixed nitrogen, with positive values denoting nitrogen fixation (a source) and negative values signaling denitrification (a sink). Nitrogen is a major limiting nutrient of biological productivity, so this parameter is useful to differentiate productive regions from decaying regions in the global oceans. I used this parameter to trace water masses by suggesting that the N* signature is a result of the age and source location of different currents. I predict that currents with more productive source locations will have more negative N* values due to increased decomposition of fixed nitrogen caused by breakdown of organic matter by bacteria within the water column. I also predict that older water masses will have more negative N* because the organic matter within the water column would have had more time to be decomposed by these bacteria. By labeling different water masses with separate N* values then levels of mixing could also be identified as a middle number between these end member quantities. I answered these hypotheses using data collected on a cruise of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) in spring 2012 and used this data to provide a more detailed picture of fixed nitrogen breakdown within this region.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The appellation \"Classical music\" is a broad, somewhat imprecise term in referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, Western art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. The central norms of this tradition developed throughout this period but reached their heights of complexity and development in the period between 1550 and 1900 due to the dissemination of music theories from theorists such as Anton Reicha as well as the musical compositions from composers such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven in what is known as the common practice period. Beginning in the Baroque era (1600-1750) expressing moods and emotions (affectations) via tonal logic and organizational structure became important concerns for composers. In addition a belief in the moral and ethical aspects of music became a concept that many composers adhered to.\nWith the decline of Rome and the ascendancy of Christianity in Europe during the third and fourth centuries, the seeds that would blossom into the great art of the Western world were planted deeply into the fertile soil of religious faith and practice. Arnold Toynbee's assessment that the Christian church was \"the chrysalis out of which our Western society emerged,\" attests to the role that Christian thought played in the development of Western culture, musical theory, aesthetics, and axiology.\nGenesis and early history\nThe early Christian church was a small, thus vulnerable group with the \"mission\" of converting Europe and thus endeavored to resist any association and influence of the surrounding pagan cultures. Early Christians felt this to be absolutely crucial to their cause and deemed it necessary to subordinate all earthy things, including music, to the ultimate goal of protecting the eternal condition of one’s soul.\nThe Greek philosophy (which came to the early Christian Church via Rome that music was a medium that had a cosmic connection to the forces of nature and thus possessed the power to affect human thought and conduct, was assimilated into early church culture and reiterated in the writings of several Christian philosophers, most notably Severinus Boethius (ca. A.D. 480-524) and St. Augustine (354-430 C.E.). Boethius' treatise, De Institutione musica, stood as an authoritative source of understanding for musicians of medieval times through the Renaissance with regard to the harmonization the physical world (musica mundana), the mind and body (musica humana) and tones/music musica instrumentalis).\nThe evolution of music and its integration into liturgical practice throughout the Middle Ages gave rise to new attitudes about music and its purpose and function; most notably the idea that music was to be the \"servant\" of religion. For the Church elders of the Middle Ages, music was deemed good only when it \"opens the mind to Christian teachings and disposes the soul to holy thoughts.\" The church in the Middle Ages was highly concerned with the potentially “corrupting” elements of music and as a result certain factions within Church hierarchy felt that art in general, and music in particular, was inimical to religion.\nYet the aesthetic beauty and emotional power of music could not be denied. The medieval Christian concept that spiritual fulfillment and redemption was somehow hindered or obstructed by pleasurable things like music is one that troubled even the most enlightened practitioners of the faith. Consider Saint Augustine's observations on this dilemma: \"When I call to mind the tears I shed at the songs of my church … I then acknowledge the great utility of this custom. Thus vacillate I between dangerous pleasure and tried soundness; being inclined rather to approve of the use of singing in the church, that so by delights the ear the weaker minds may be stimulated to a devotional frame. Yet when it happens to me to be more moved by the singing than by what is sung, I confess myself to have sinned criminally, and then would rather not have heard the singing.\"\nAs musicologist Daniel J. Grout observed, there is music in every Age that is not suitable for religious or devotional purposes and thus one should not be too quick to condemn the Church for its seemingly narrow and \"timorous distrust of the sensual and emotional qualities of music.\" The Christian church, like the ancient cultures of Ages past, was merely making a distinction between sacred and secular art which it thought necessary to the process of inculcating its early converts with an ascetic principle that could endure and survive any corrupting influences.\nThere existed a prevailing thought that instrumental music could not elicit the spirit of divinity as well as vocal music, therefore instrumental music was, for the most part, excluded in liturgical services in the early church. This preference for vocal music was a significant factor as to why Gregorian Chant and plainsong became the predominant mediums for liturgical music for hundreds of years.\nLike the philosophers in ancient China and Greece, many church composers believed that the act of creating music had innate divinity and that the assembling (ordering) of pitches, rhythms and structures could manifest “heavenly” properties.\nBaroque composers and philosophers became increasing interested in the idea that music, mathematics and science possessed cosmic relationships. Pythagoras' discovery of the overtone series, with its mathematical explanation of sound production, was perhaps the most influential discovery in defining the theoretical aspects of Western music. These cosmic principles were thought to have emanated from God and as such had deep religious and spiritual connotations. For Johann Sebastian Bach, the greatest church composer, \"The sole and end aim of figured-bass should be nothing else than God's glory and the recreation of the mind. Where this object is not kept in view, there can be no true music but only infernal scraping and bawling.\"\nBaroque composers also became increasingly concerned with human emotions (passions and affections) and created music to \"imitate\" these emotions through tonal organization. Looking to the writings of Descartes and Sauveur who, in their investigation of man's psychological makeup, began to \"objectify\" certain emotions, Baroque composers initiated the practice of expressing specific emotions through musical means.\nThe Enlightenment, with its predilection for \"natural law\" and \"practical morality\" over supernatural religion and metaphysics, constituted a major shift in attitudes about music and the arts. The spirit of the Enlightenment was clearly secular with an eye for the egalitarian in all things. Public concerts, as opposed to private concert events (often sponsored by wealthy benefactors and patrons) were becoming more prevalent and as a result, music itself began to change. Music was to aspire to simplicity and avoid the complexity of contrapuntal devises and the excessive elaboration and ornamentation that was characteristic of the music in the Baroque period.\nThe social upheaval of the French Revolution in 1789 and the attitudes it engendered, specifically the primacy of individual rights, signified another important cultural change for music and musicians. Ludwig van Beethoven, who was literally a child of the French Revolution, asserted that as an artist he possessed the same basic rights of kings, the clergy and nobles. This attitude, coupled with anti-social behavior and self-absorbed turbidity, would become a defining trait among many artists of the Romantic era.\nThis attitude also requires the listener of music to be a more significant partner in the appreciation of music. Author Charles Williams states: \"The word Romanticism...defines an attitude, a manner of receiving experience.\" Nietzsche echoed this stating: \"In order for an event to have greatness two things must come together: The immense understanding of those who cause it to happen, and the immense understanding of those who experience it.\" As Grout suggests: \"In a very general sense, all art may be said to be Romantic; for, though it may take its materials from everyday life, it transforms them and thus creates a new world which is necessarily, to a greater or lesser degree, remote from the every day world.\"\nBeethoven personified the attitude that music was \"a direct outpouring\" of a composer's personality, his individual triumphs and tragedies. This became a prevalent Romantic notion among many artists of the late nineteenth century. The music of Gustav Mahler, perhaps the “most confessional” of composers, is highly representative of this particular Romantic ideal. The irony here is that as the egalitarian attitudes of Romanticism (its Zeitgeist) would give rise to the aforementioned anti-social attitudes among artists; a condition diametrically opposed to the philosophical tenets of antiquity. That said, certain aspects of Romanticism are akin to the ancient concept of \"microcosmic relatedness,\" for Romantic art as Grout suggests, \"aspires to immediate times or occasions, to seize eternity, to reach back into the past or forward into the future, to range over the expanse of the world and outward through the cosmos.\" Romanticism celebrates metaphor, ambiguity, suggestion, allusion and symbol and as a result, instrumental music, which was shunned by the early Church, is now favored over music with words due to its \"incomparable power of suggestion\" and mystery. It could be said that he invisible, vibratory world of instrumental music corresponds to the unseen, vibratory incorporeal world.\nSchopenhauer believed that music was \"the very image and incarnation of the innermost reality of the world, the immediate expression of the universal feelings and impulsions of life in concrete, definite form.\" Goethe's observation that \"…the head is only able to grasp a work of art in the company of the heart,\" could stand as defining axiom for the cultural attitudes of the nineteenth century.\nMusicologist Richard Norton notes that a prevalent theory has emerged among modern musicologists and theorists, which suggests that the \"era of classic tonality\" in the West was something \"that had to happen.\" He points out that this concept, with its very definite ideological underpinnings, is a form of historical determinism and as such ignores the fact \"that tonality appeared as and how it did through economic, social, political, philosophical, cognitive and aesthetic, as well as 'natural' means.\" It was neither accidentalism nor \"natural law\" that spawned tonality and its wider usage, but rather the synthesis of law (adherence to acoustic principles) and reason (the desire to find greater means of expression).\nTwentieth Century Perspectives\nIt is evident that in the twentieth century the condition of art in Western culture has undergone a transformation that few could have envisaged one hundred years ago. The reasons for this transformation are many and varied including the influence of globalization, technology, media, multiculturalism, commercialism, the increased emphasis on visual media and various philosophical, ideological and sociological developments.\nPerhaps the most significant philosophical change regarding attitudes about art, is that religion, for so long the \"moral compass\" of society, is no longer the potent force that it once was in guiding society in the matters of morality and ethics. This has resulted in what Allan Bloom referred to as a condition of \"moral and cultural relativism.\" One result of an increasingly secular society has been that artists are seemingly less aware or unconcerned with the moral and ethical power of art and in many cases have slipped into a relativist mindset regarding their creative endeavors. The formulaic and serial modes of composing introduced by Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School introduced a decidedly intellectual rationale to composing in which science and mathematics were deemed progressive and preferable to the anachronistic methods of tonality and the philosophical attitudes it engendered. Coupled with the deconstructionist attitudes that came to dominate the philosophical landscape of the West, art music became increasingly marginalized as the perceptually opaque nature of the music found no large audiences and relatively few advocates. By the late 1970s, Pierre Boulez, perhaps the leading exponent of Post World War II modernism, declared that any attempt to make the legacies of past seem important was nothing more than a ruse. A hostility to all past traditions and rationale had become the raison d'etre of modern composition in the \"Ivory Tower.\"\nSchoenberg's prediction in 1948 that the public's resistance to atonality and \"the emancipation of dissonance\" would eventually diminish with repeated exposure proved false. Richard Turuskin's observation that the lack of an underlying \"deep structure\" born out of the subconscious (as with natural languages) led to a condition where the disconnect between the \"content of the utterance\" and the \"manner of its delivery\" becomes a constant irritant to those seeking to find meaning and pleasure in their encounter with music.\nThis view is reinforced by Leonard Bernstein in his music/language analogy in the Harvard Lectures. Alluding to Schoenberg's serial methods, Bernstein states: \"The trouble is that the new musical 'rules' of Schoenberg are not apparently based on innate awareness, on the intuition of tonal relationships. They are like rules of an artificial language, and therefore must be learned. This would seem to lead to what used to be called 'form without content,' or form at the expense of content—structuralism for its own sake.\" For some musicians the \"new ojectivity\" that spawned atonal and hyper-intellectualized methods of composing with their emotionally arid characteristics, was antithetical to the philosophical legacy of their art form.\nConsider the views of early twentieth-century German composer, Paul Hindemith, regarding the state of modern music in the first half of the century: There are composers \"… who flatly deny the ethic power of music, nor do they admit any moral obligation on the part of those writing. For them, music is essentially a play with tones, and although they spend a considerable amount of intelligence and craftsmanship to make it look important, their composition can be of no greater value, as a sociological factor, than bowling or skating.\" Hindemith's concern was echoed by other prominent composers who shared his lack of enthusiasm for the dissonant utterances of atonal music.\nMusicologist Leonard B. Meyer presciently predicted in 1967 that by the turn of the century there would be a plethora of musical styles co-existing with no \"triumphant\" style holding sway. Globalization, technology and increased cultural interfacing have proved Meyer's prediction of cultural cross-pollination and the resulting musical diversity correct.\nBy the early 1980s composers were turning to more \"accessible\" and ingratiating styles. Minimalism (Riley, Reich. Glass) Neo-Romanticism (Liebermann, Hoiby, Rochberg) and Neo-mysticism (Gorecki, Paert, Tavener) had supplanted the crabbed mannerisms of serialism and were finding favor with audiences. This diversity is a result of a cultural cross-pollination. Other prominent composers, such as Tan Dun, Roberto Sierra and Osvaldo Golijov, have incorporated their native folkloric elements into their music thereby contributing to the great pluralism that now exists in art music.\nDefinitions, styles and forms\nClassical music is a term with three distinct meanings:\n- The European tradition of music which is associated with high culture, as distinct from popular or folk forms (including works in this tradition in non-European countries).\n- That tradition as well as similar non-European traditions.\n- A particular stage in the development of the European art music tradition, centered in the late eighteenth century.\nBackground of Classical Music\nThis music evokes classical traditions, focuses on formal styles, invites technical and detailed deconstruction and criticism, and demands focused attention from the listener. It is written down using a formal notation and a work of classical music is usually defined by the notated version, rather than a particular performance of it. This music is associated with, and often compared to, fine art and high culture, sometimes leading to accusations of haughtiness and exclusivity being leveled at its enthusiasts. Nevertheless, many \"classical\" pieces were the popular music of their time, and have remained popular to this day. The public taste for and appreciation of formal music of this type is often described as having waned through the later part of the twentieth century and into the present millennium, particularly in the USA and UK, although it continues to thrive elsewhere in the world. Certainly, this period has seen classical music falling well behind the immense commercial success of popular music.\nThe term classical music did not appear until the early nineteenth century, in an attempt to \"canonize\" the period from Bach to Beethoven as an era in music parallel to the golden age of sculpture, architecture and art of classical antiquity (from which no music has directly survived). The earliest reference to \"classical music\" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836. Since that time the term has come in common parlance to mean the opposite of popular music.\nAccording to one school of thought, musical works are best understood in the context of their place in musical history; for adherents to this approach, this is essential to full enjoyment of these works. There is a widely accepted system of dividing the history of classical music composition into stylistic periods. According to this system, the major time divisions are:\n- Ancient music - the music generally before the year 476, the approximate time of the fall of the Roman Empire. Most of the extant music from this period is from ancient Greece.\n- Medieval, generally before 1450. Monophonic chant, also called plainsong or Gregorian Chant, was the dominant form until about 1100. Polyphonic (multi-voiced) music developed from monophonic chant throughout the late Middle Ages and into the Renaissance.\n- Renaissance, about 1450 – 1600, characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple melodic lines and by the use of the first bass instruments.\n- Baroque, about 1600 – 1750, characterized by the use of complex tonal, rather than modal, counterpoint, and growing popularity of keyboard music (harpsichord and pipe organ).\n- Classical, about 1750 – 1820, an important era which established many of the norms of composition, presentation and style. Also, the classical era is marked by the disappearance of the harpsichord and the clavichord in favor of the piano, which from then on would become the predominant instrument for keyboard performance and composition.\n- Romantic, 1820 – 1910, a period which codified practice, expanded the role of music in cultural life and created institutions for the teaching, performance and preservation of works of music. Characterized by increased attention to melody and rhythm, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms.\n- Impressionist music, 1910-1920, a period in which French composers as well as artists produced art that went against the traditional German ways of art and music. Characterized by arrhythmia, the pentatonic scale, long, flowing phrases and a use of brass instruments as the main parts in creating the texture, rather than stringed instruments.\n- Modern, 1905-1985, a period which represented a crisis in the values of classical music and its role within intellectual life, and the extension of theory and technique. Some theorists, such as Arnold Schoenberg in his essay \"Brahms the Progressive,\" insist that Modernism represents a logical progression from nineteenth century trends in composition; others hold the opposing point of view, that Modernism represents the rejection or negation of the method of Classical composition.\n- twentieth century, usually used to describe the wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 1999, which includes late Romantic, Modern and Postmodern styles of composition.\n- The term contemporary music is sometimes used to describe music composed in the late twentieth century through present day.\n- The prefix neo is usually used to describe a twentieth century or contemporary composition written in the style of an earlier period, such as classical, romantic, or modern. Stravinsky's Pulcinella, for example, is a neoclassical composition.\nThe dates are generalizations, since the periods overlapped. Some authorities subdivide the periods further by date or style. However, it should be noted that these categories are somewhat arbitrary; the use of counterpoint and fugue, which is considered characteristic of the baroque era, was continued by Mozart, who is generally classified as typical of the classical period, by Beethoven who is often described as straddling the classical and romantic periods, and Brahms, who is classified as romantic.\nClassical music as \"music of the classical era\"\nIn music history, a different meaning of the term classical music is often used: it designates music from a period in musical history covering approximately Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach to Beethoven — roughly, 1730 – 1820. When used in this sense, the term is usually capitalized to avoid confusion.\nThe Nature of classical music\nClassical music is considered primarily a written musical tradition, preserved in music notation, as opposed to being transmitted orally, by rote, or in recordings of particular performances. While there are differences between particular performances of a classical work, a piece of classical music is generally held to transcend any interpretation of it. The use of musical notation is an effective method for transmitting classical music, since the written music contains the technical instructions for performing the work. The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent); this is left to the discretion of the performers, who are guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices. However, improvisation once played an important role in classical music. A remnant of this improvisatory tradition in classical music can be heard in the cadenza, a passage found mostly in concertos and solo works, designed to allow skilled performers to exhibit some of their skill. Traditionally this was improvised by the performer; however more often than not, it is written for (or occasionally by) the performer beforehand.\nClassical music concerts often take place in a relatively solemn atmosphere, and the audience is usually expected to stay quiet and still to avoid distracting the concentration of other audience members. The performers often dress formally, a practice which is taken as a gesture of respect for the music and the audience, and performers do not normally engage in direct involvement or casual banter with the audience. Private readings of chamber music may take place at more informal domestic occasions.\nIts written transmission, along with the veneration bestowed on certain classical works, has led to the expectation that performers will play a work in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer. Indeed, deviations from the composer's instructions are sometimes condemned as outright ethical lapses. During the nineteenth century the details that composers put in their scores generally increased. Yet the opposite trend — admiration of performers for new \"interpretations\" of the composer's work — can be seen, and it is not unknown for a composer to praise a performer for achieving a better realization of the composer's original intent than the composer was able to imagine. Thus, classical music performers often achieve very high reputations for their musicianship, even if they do not compose themselves.\nClassical composers often aspire to imbue their music with a very complex relationship between its affective (emotional) content, and the intellectual means by which it is achieved. Many of the most esteemed works of classical music make use of musical development, the process by which a musical germ, idea or motif is repeated in different contexts, or in altered form, so that the mind of the listener consciously or unconsciously compares the different versions. The classical genres of sonata form and fugue employ rigorous forms of musical development.\nAnother consequence of the primacy of the composer's written score is that improvisation plays a relatively minor role in classical music, in sharp contrast to traditions like jazz, where improvisation is central. Improvisation in classical music performance was far more common during the Baroque era than in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and recently the performance of such music by modern classical musicians has been enriched by a revival of the old improvisational practices. During the Classical period, Mozart and Beethoven sometimes improvised the cadenzas to their piano concertos (and thereby encouraged others to do so), but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists.\nWestern Art Music is a term used synonymously with classical music.\nClassical works often display great musical complexity through the composer's use of development, modulation (changing of keys), variation rather than exact repetition, musical phrases that are not of even length, counterpoint, polyphony and sophisticated harmony.\nAlso, many long classical works (from 30 minutes to three hours) are built up from a hierarchy of smaller units: namely phrases, periods, sections, and movements. Musical analysis often seeks to distinguish and explain these structural levels.\nAs with many forms of fine art, classical music often aspires to communicate a transcendent quality of emotion, which expresses something universal about the human condition. While emotional expression is not a property exclusive to classical music, this deeper exploration of emotion arguably allows the best classical music to reach what has been called the \"sublime\" in art. Many examples often cited in support of this, for instance Beethoven's setting of Friedrich Schiller's poem, Ode to Joy in his 9th symphony, which is often performed at occasions of national liberation or celebration, as in Leonard Bernstein's famously performing the work to mark the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, and the Japanese practice of performing it to observe the New Year.\nHowever, some composers, such as Iannis Xenakis, argue that the emotional effect of music on the listeners is arbitrary and therefore the objective complexity or informational content of the piece is paramount.\nClassical and popular music are often distinguished by their choice of instruments. The instruments used in common practice classical music were mostly invented before the mid-nineteenth century (often, much earlier), and codified in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They consist of the instruments found in an orchestra, together with a few other solo instruments (such as the piano, harpsichord, and organ). Electric instruments such as the electric guitar and electric violin play a prominent role in popular music, but of course play no role in classical music before the twentieth century, and only appear occasionally in the classical music of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Both classical and popular musicians have experimented in recent decades with electronic instruments such as the synthesizer, electric and digital techniques such as the use of sampled or computer-generated sounds, and the sounds of instruments from other cultures such as the gamelan.\nNone of the bass instruments existed until the Renaissance. In Medieval Music, instruments are divided in two categories: loud instruments for use outdoors or in church, and quieter instruments for indoor use.\nMany instruments which are associated today with popular music used to have important roles in early classical music, such as bagpipes, vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies and some woodwind instruments. On the other hand, the acoustic guitar, for example, which used to be associated mainly with popular music, has gained prominence in classical music through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.\nFinally, while equal temperament became gradually accepted as the dominant musical temperament during the 19th century, different historical temperaments are often used for music from earlier periods. For instance, music of the English Renaissance is often performed in mean tone temperament.\nOne criterion used to distinguish works of the classical musical canon is that of cultural durability. However, this is not a distinguishing mark of all classical music: while works by J. S. Bach (1685 – 1750) continue to be widely performed and highly regarded, music by many of Bach's contemporaries is deemed mediocre, and is rarely performed, even though it is squarely in the \"classical\" realm. To some extent, the notion of such durability is a self-fulfilling prophecy (and therefore a fallacy), simply by virtue of the fact that classical music is studied and preserved at much higher levels than other music.\nInfluences between classical and popular music\nClassical music has often incorporated elements or even taken material from popular music. Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-twentieth century composers including Maurice Ravel, as exemplified by the movement entitled \"Blues\" in his sonata for violin and piano. Certain postmodern and postminimalist classical composers acknowledge a debt to popular music.\nThere are also many examples of influence flowing the other way, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon in popular culture has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena (one notable example is the \"Hooked on Classics\" series of recordings made by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in the early 1980s). In fact, it could be argued that the entire genre of film music could be considered part of this influence as well, since it brings orchestral music to vast audiences of movie-goers who might otherwise never choose to listen to such music (albeit for the most part unconsciously).\nClassical music and folk music\nComposers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by untutored musicians, often from a purely oral tradition). Some have done so with an explicit nationalist ideology, others have simply mined folk music for thematic material.\nCommercial Uses of Classical Music\nCertain staples of classical music are often used commercially (that is, either in advertising or in the soundtracks of movies made for entertainment). In television commercials, several loud, bombastically rhythmic orchestral passages have become clichés, particularly the opening O Fortuna of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana; other examples in the same vein are the Dies Irae from the Verdi Requiem, and excerpts of Aaron Copland's Rodeo.\nSimilarly, movies often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to represent refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik and Vivaldi's The Four Seasons.\nClassical music in education\nThroughout history, parents have often made sure that their children receive classical music training from a young age. Early experience with music provides the basis for more serious study later. It is extremely rare for performers to reach a professional standard on a classical instrument if they did not begin to study it, or at least a similar instrument, from childhood. Some parents pursue music lessons for their children for social reasons or in an effort to instill a useful sense of self-discipline. Some consider that a degree of knowledge of important works of classical music is part of a good general education. The 1990s marked the emergence in the United States of research papers and popular books on the so-called 'Mozart effect': a temporary, small elevation of scores on certain tests as a result of listening to Mozart. The popularized version of the controversial theory was expressed succinctly by a New York Times music columnist: \"researchers have determined that listening to Mozart actually makes you smarter.\" Promoters marketed CDs claimed to induce the effect. Florida passed a law requiring toddlers in state-run schools to listen to classical music every day, and in 1998 the governor of Georgia budgeted $105,000 a year to provide every child born in Georgia with a tape or CD of classical music. One of the original researchers commented \"I don't think it can hurt. I'm all for exposing children to wonderful cultural experiences. But I do think the money could be better spent on music education programs.\"\nSome of the Master Composers in the Classical Era\n- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788)\n- Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)\n- Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)\n- Vincenzo Bellini (1801-1835)\n- Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805)\n- John Field (1782-1837)\n- Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)\n- Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)\n- Johann Hummel (1778-1837)\n- Saverio Mercadante (1795-1870)\n- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)\n- Gioacchino Antonio Rossini (1792-1868)\n- Carl Stamitz (1745-1801)\n- ↑ Julian Lloyd Webber's speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland stated that \"Declining audiences, government cuts, disastrous CD sales, sponsors pulling out of the arts, fewer children learning musical instruments, and a total lack of interest from the general media, unless semi-naked bimbo violinists… are involved…. It is in stark contrast to music-making in the Far East, where there are still huge numbers of children learning instruments, healthy classical CD sales, media that take a real interest in classical music and, above all, concert halls that are packed with young people as a direct result of that media interest.\"\n- ↑ David Laing, Soundscapes.info volume 2 (July 1999) The economic importance of music in the European Union includes comparison of the number of concerts, venues and musicians employed in classical and popular music. Retrieved May 26, 2008.\n- Bernstein, Leonard. The Unanswered Question: Six Talks at Harvard Cambridge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981. ISBN 978-0674920019\n- Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. ISBN 978-0671657154\n- Boulez, Pierre. IRCAM United States Tour Program, 1986.\n- Boyd, Malcolm. The Master Musicians: Bach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0195307719\n- Burrows, John. Classical music. London; NY: DK Publications, 2005. ISBN 0756609585\n- Forbes, Elliot (ed.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0691027173\n- Fuld, James J. and William Lichtenwanger. The Book of World-famous Music: Classical, Popular and Folk. New York, NY: Dover Publications, 2012. ISBN 978-0486414751\n- Gaines, James R. Evening in the Palace of Reason. New York, NY: Harper-Collins, 2005. ISBN 978-0007156610\n- Grout, Donald J. A History of Western Music. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 2009. ISBN 978-0393931259\n- Hindemith, Paul. A Composer's World: Horizons and Limitations. New York, NY: Schott, 2000. ISBN 978-3795700249\n- Horowitz, Joseph. Classical Music in America: A History of its Rise and Fall. NY: W.W. Norton, 2005. ISBN 0393057178\n- Jones, E. Michael. Dionysos Rising. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0898704846\n- Lebrecht, Norman. When the Music Stops: Managers, Maestros and the Corporate Murder of Classical Music. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. ISBN 0684816814\n- Lee, Sung Han. Explaining Unification Thought. New York, NY: Unification Thought Institute, 1981. ISBN 978-0960648009\n- Libbey, Theodore. The NPR Listener's Encyclopedia of Classical Music. New York, NY: Workman Publications, 2006. ISBN 0761120726\n- Meyer, Leonard B. Music, The Arts, And Ideas. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0226521435\n- Nietzsche, Freidrich. Werke in Drei Banden. Munich: Carl Hasner Verlag, 1954.\n- Norton, Richard. Tonality in Western Culture. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0271003597\n- Taruskin, Richard. \"Does Nature Call The Tune?\" New York Times, September 18, 1994.\n- Weiss, Piero, and Richard Taruskin. Music in the Western World. New York, NY: Schirmer, 2007. ISBN 978-0534585990\nAll links retrieved May 24, 2013.\n- Classic Cat – download database for classical music\n- ArkivMusic.com – find every classical CD and DVD in print.\n- Classical.net – review, database and mailing-list resource\n- Classical Archives – music, artists, composers, MIDI files\n- Musikethos.org – project collecting free, legal MP3s of performances (licensed under CC) and promoting young classical musicians\n- MusicWeb International – CD reviews, composer articles, timelines, concert and book reviews\n- Music and Vision magazine – daily magazine about European classical music, illustrated with photos, sound and video\n- Classical Music Forums and Information – articles, blogs and discussions on classical music\n- Classical music in movies, listed by composer\n- Classy Classical - a personal look at classical music by John Evans and Steve Newman\n- Naxos Glossary of Music\n- All Classical Online Radio - Listen to classical music online.\nNew World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:\nNote: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Pollution Prevention Program reports the environmental results of grants. These grants produce annual environmental results in pounds of hazardous materials reduced, BTUs of energy, water and dollars saved.\nSource Reduction Assistance (SRA) awards support pollution prevention through source reduction and resource conservation work. SRA awards are issued to fund projects that support one or more of the P2 Program’s National Emphasis Areas – 1) Climate Change Mitigation/Prevention of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2) Food Manufacturing and Processing and 3) State or Community Approaches to Hazardous Materials Source Reduction. These areas will promote national environmental themes and strategies reflected within EPA’s P2 Program.\nAs authorized under the statutory authorities for this grant program, proposals must carry out project activities using one or more of the following methods – surveys, studies, research, investigation, experimentation, education, training and/or demonstrations.You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "MSU researchers discover how deadly mites infiltrate honeybee hives\nNew research has revealed that Varroa mites, the most-serious threat to honeybees worldwide, are infiltrating hives by smelling like bees.\nThe Michigan State University-led study, appearing in the current issue of Biology Letters, shows that being able to smell like their hostess reduces the chance that the parasite is found and killed.\nThe parasites were originally found on Asian honeybees. The invasive species, however, revealed their versatility when they began infesting and killing European honeybees.\n“The mites from Asian honeybees, or the original host, are more efficient in mimicking both Asian and European honeybees,” said Zachary Huang, MSU entomologist and one of the papers’ lead authors. “This remarkable adaptability may explain their relatively recent host shift from Asian to European honeybees.”\nFor the full story, please visit MSU Today.\nClick to subscribe to our e-publications:Subscribe", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A study on the relationship between the hydraulic conductivity and fines content of a liner material.\nMetadataShow full item record\nWaste generation in Uganda is on a rise due to the increase in the population in the cities and stepping up of manufacturing especially with the production of oil and gas in the pursuit to achieve middle income status by 2040. Waste handling and disposal is therefore a growing concern in order to reduce on the pollution of the environment (air, water and soil) as Uganda and other countries in the world are parties to ensuring development takes place sustainably. Hydraulic containment is one of the methods used to handle the wastes to prevent contact between the wastes and water or soil. Compacted clays are commonly used on the bottom of landfills to act as sealants to stop migration of wastes to the underground water and soil. In a natural state, soil exists as a mixture of different soil types in different proportions. soil to be used a liner material it must have a good proportion of fines to give the desired value of hydraulic conductivity. In this study, the fines soil sample was mixed with sand in different proportions. Then the void ratios at MDD for the resulting mixtures were evaluated the using the standard proctor test. The oedometer consolidation test was then used to determine the hydraulic conductivities of the samples at different fines contents. The values obtained ranged between 4.6 x 10-11 m/s and 1.14x10-10 m/s.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water Quantity and Quality\nThe way water moves in cities has large effects on both water quantity and water quality.\nUrbanization can result both in too much water and too little water reaching streams.\nIn many cities, subsurface flow has nearly been eliminated as a result of so many paved or other impervious surfaces. So, instead of water gradually entering streams through subsurface flow, much more water from a storm enters streams quickly through overland flow.\nWater flowing off streets directly into streams causes water levels to rise quickly, making streams much more likely to flood during heavy rains. In periods without rain, in contrast, streams have a tendency to fall below normal levels because of reduced subsurface, or soil, flow. This type of behavior results in streams being described as “flashy”—meaning their water levels rise and fall quickly.\nBelow are some of the negative impacts flooding can have on both people and wildlife.\nEconomic costs to communities and individuals from flooding can be high. Floods may risk human life, damage property, and wreak havoc on daily routines in urban areas—causing additional economic costs to people and businesses. Flooding in the United States alone costs about $2 billion per year. In a 2002 report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimated that stormwater controls would save $14 million dollars annually.\nIncreased sedimentation carried by floodwaters leads to shallower streams that are more prone to flooding.\nStress to wildlife caused by changing stream dynamics reduces biodiversity in streams. In the figure at right (Source: Klein, R.D, 1979), an increasing percentage of impervious area due to urbanization correlates with reduced biodiversity in streams. Sedimentation, for example, results in shallower, warmer water with less available oxygen, which in turn creates a stressful environment for aquatic life. Sediments may also carry contaminants, including metals and organic chemicals, that are harmful to fish and other organisms.\nStream shape changes caused by flooding make streams more prone to flooding in the future.\nWater washing off city streets, rooftops, eroded hillsides, and other urban surfaces will carry all sorts of things with it, including metals, dirt, and debris. Collectively termed contaminants, these materials are either dissolved in water or more commonly are attached to particles in water. Water-borne contaminants can be divided into a few basic categories.\n- Plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)\n- Metals, most commonly copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb)\n- Organic chemicals primarily related to gasoline products, but also pesticides and industrial products used in manufacturing and construction\n- Pathogens from animal feces\n- Trash and debris, especially plastics\nA quick way to assess how contaminated water may be is by measuring the amount of total suspended solids (TSS). TSS is a measurement of how many particles are floating around in water. A turbidity meter is used to quantify the amount of particles in a water sample, based on how much light passes through the sample. Whether these contaminants are “bioavailable” (can be taken up by plants and animals) depends on the chemistry of the water and how the contaminants are attached to other particles.\nContaminants can have a negative impact on both humans and wildlife including:\nBeach closures caused by contamination, particularly from pathogens, can result in loss of recreational opportunities and economic costs to businesses that depend on tourism.\nBehavioral changes in fish and other harmful impacts on wildlife have been connected to metal exposure. For example, researchers in Washington have observed that metals are particularly harmful to spawning Coho salmon, and copper has been shown to inhibit salmons’ ability to detect predators.\nBuilt up trash and debris can clog drains, threaten wildlife, and be aesthetically displeasing.\nEutrophication of water because of excess nutrients may lead to suffocation of fish and other aquatic biota, as well as water unfit for recreation.\nHow soil can help\nSoil can play an important role in removing suspended solids and dissolved contaminants before they reach natural waters. By slowing the movement of water down, soil gives sediments time to settle out and allows chemicals to adsorb to soil surfaces.\nThe amount of contamination in stormwater will depend on surrounding land uses as well as the frequency and duration of storm events. Runoff from an industrial site, for example, may carry more metals, whereas runoff from a golf course or residential area may contain more pathogens and pesticides.\nContaminants, their sources, and potential concentrations in runoff are described in Table 1 below.\nSo the question is...\nHow do we get our cityscapes to manage water more like a forest?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Milk is a nutritious food that is very good for the human body. Drinking milk before sleeping should or not? Perhaps this is one of the frequently asked questions by many people. In this article, agri will find the answer to this question.\nDrinking milk before bed helps some people fall asleep faster\nMilk is one of the foods that plays an important role in the diet of every person. Even for non-vegans. Drinking a glass of warm milk before going to bed enters the perception of many people with the notion that drinking milk helps to sleep well. Although this is an ancient tradition and is recognized by some. But we still need to look at it scientifically to understand the benefits or harms of this.\nThere have been studies in humans and animals that confirm that drinking milk or cheese products before bed can help some people sleep better. Milk’s sleep-promoting most likely comes from the psychological effects and effects of the chemical compound.\nDrinking milk before bed promotes a healthy sleep cycle\nTryptophan and melatonin found in milk help you fall asleep more easily. tryptophan is an amino acid found in many protein-containing foods. It plays an important role in the production of neurotransmitters (6Trusted Source). Serotonin promotes relaxation and acts as a precursor in the production of sleep hormones. These substances help regulate circadian rhythms to prepare the body for a good night’s sleep.\nThe role of tryptophan and melatonin in sleep disorders has been well studied, and studies have found that supplementing with these compounds can improve sleep and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. may occur at bedtime (6Trusted Source7Trusted Source). However, there is no evidence yet that a glass of milk containing enough tryptophan or melatonin has a significant effect on your body’s natural production of melatonin.\nPsychological effects of drinking milk\nMany nutritionists believe that drinking milk helps to sleep well has nothing to do with the nutrition it provides. This is the psychological effect when you use milk.\nAnother theory is that the habit of breastfeeding before going to bed from an early age affects human psychology. These calming sensations signal to the brain that it’s time for bed, making it easier to fall asleep.\nMilk contains several compounds known to support healthy sleep cycles. Plus, the psychological effects of a bedtime routine that includes milk can improve your ability to fall asleep. Drinking milk before bed is very beneficial. Therefore, you should add a glass of warm milk to your body before going to bed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Singapore River is a river in Singapore that flows from the Central Area, which lies in the Central Region in the southern part of Singapore before emptying into the ocean. The immediate upper watershed of the Singapore River is known as the Singapore River Planning Area, although the northernmost part of the watershed becomes River Valley. As the Central Area is treated as a central business district, nearly all land surrounding it is commercial. It is one of about 40 rivers in Singapore and its islands.\nThe Singapore River is approximately three kilometers long from its source at Kim Seng Bridge to where it empties into Marina Bay and finally the Singapore Strait; the river extends more than two kilometers beyond its original source at Kim Seng Bridge as Alexandra Canal, as far as the junction of Commonwealth Avenue. Here there is a break with Buona Vista Road where Sungei Ulu Pandan starts and flows into Sungei Pandan which in turn flows into the sea at West Coast Park. Thus, the source of both these waterways is in the [Queenstown, Singapore|Queenstown], Ridout Road Estate and Tanglin Halt area near Margaret Drive.\nThe mouth of the Singapore River was the old Port of Singapore, being naturally sheltered by the southern islands. Historically, the city of Singapore initially grew around the port so the river mouth became the centre of trade, commerce and finance. To this day, area around the old Singapore River mouth, the Downtown Core, remains the most expensive and economically important piece of land in Singapore.\nSome of the temples, shrines and other places of worship still stand in the vicinity of the river. Bridges such as Anderson Bridge, Elgin Bridge and Cavenagh Bridge still remain, the Merlion, the shophouses, and the large trees such as Banyan and Madras Thorn. Some parts of this area include quays such as Clarke Quay, Boat Quay and Robertson Quay, which generated trade and extensive demand for services with the boats that landed at the quays. Boat Quay itself was handling three quarters of the shipping service in the 1860s. Shophouses and warehouses flourished around the quays due to their proximity to trade during the colonial era, but presently house various bars, pubs and restaurants, as well as antique shops.\nWhen Sir Stamford Raffles landed in Singapore in 1819, he realised the importance of the river for, in the same year of 1819, the north bank was drained for government buildings and, in 1822, the south bank was reclaimed and a retaining wall and steps were built.\nThrough lack of knowledge or foresight, the bridges were constructed too low and the river was too shallow for the demands that were to be made on its use. This historic river, which Raffles had fashioned from salt marshes, sand bars and mangrove swamps, has witnessed the British rule and the Japanese occupation, and has supported years of economic activity by the Chinese, Malays, Indians and others.\nOld maps of the river state that it actually originates from Bukit Larangan (currently Fort Canning Hill).\nPollution and cleanup\nStarting in the 1819s, there was heavy traffic on the Singapore River due to rapid urbanization and expanding trade. At the same time, it brought in water pollution caused by the disposal of garbage, sewage and other by-products of industries located along the river's banks. The sources of water pollution into the Singapore River and Kallang Basin included pig wastes from pig and duck farms, unsewered premises, street hawkers and vegetable wholesaling. Riverine activities such as transport, boat building and repairs were also found along the Singapore River. Some 750 lighters plied along the Singapore River and Kallang Basin in 1977. Waste, oil spills and wastewater from these boats and lighters added to the pollution of the rivers.\nSingapore River today\nWhereas the original mouth of the Singapore River emptied into Singapore Straits and its southern islands before major land reclamation took place, the Singapore River now empties into Marina Bay - an area of water partially enclosed by the reclamation work. The Port of Singapore is now located to the west of the island, using most of the south-west coast, and passenger ships to Singapore now typically berth at the Singapore Cruise Centre at Harbourfront. Thus the Singapore River's economic role has shifted away from one that of trade, towards more a role accommodated for tourism and aesthetics for the commercial zone which encloses it.\nNotable statues include:\n- First Generation, made by Chong Fah Cheong\n- Fishing at Singapore River, made by Chern Lian Shan\n- The River Merchants, made by Aw Tee Hong\n- A Great Emporium, made by Malcolm Koh\n- From Chettiars to Financiers, made by Chern Lian Shan\n- Singapura Cats, made by various artists\n|Library resources about\n- \"Singapore River\". Heritage Trails. Retrieved 2010-04-01.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Contingency is a concept which points out that something could be this way, but also another way. Something is contingent, when it is neither certain or excluded. As, in the world, most things could also be different than they are (i.e. different people or the weather), all systems (psyche, groups, organisations) require the ability to choose, to focus, to ignore, to organise, to develop expectations and to allow oneself to be disappointed and much more. Systems shape the world by deciding what differences they make and maintain (I am a manager and not a farmer, we are a business and not a golf club, we produce glass for windows, not laxatives). Systems can only alter the world to a limited degree, but they can alter which environment they choose and how they react to it. Thus, contingency enables possibilities of choice in the world, and through this it creates responsibility and freedom. However, what is also linked to the contingency of the world is that insecurity is an avoidable phenomenon for all systems. Insecurity must, therefore, be transformed, to a degree, into security, if systems wish to endure.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Study: ADHD is Second Most Impactful Health Condition for U.S. Children\nThe diagnosis rate for childhood ADHD rose 31 percent between 2010 and 2017, according to a new Blue Cross Blue Shield Association study that also revealed an alarming trend: incomplete treatment for half of all children with ADHD.\nApril 1, 2019\nPediatric attention deficit disorder (ADHD or ADD) diagnosis rates continue to climb — up 31% from 2010 to 2017 among Americans aged 2 to 18 years old, according to a recently published study by the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.1 In its eight-year study, the company covering one in three insured Americans found that age, gender, and geography all influence the likelihood of an ADHD diagnosis. Middle school students have the highest diagnosis rate (9.0%) and boys are twice as likely as girls to be diagnosed. The highest diagnosis rates were found in the South (7.3 to 11%) and the lowest were in the West (3.1 to 5.1%).\nThe study found that nearly four out of every ten children with ADHD also have an additional behavioral health condition. Nearly 10 percent of middle-school students and 25% of high-school students with ADHD also had depression. For anxiety, these numbers were 23% and 31%, respectively. Learning disorders (26%) were the most common among preschool students with ADHD; LDs were just as prevalent as disruptive behavior disorders (12%) among elementary school students.\nIn 2017, approximately half of all children with ADHD received treatment comprising medication only. Only 27% were treated with both medication and behavioral therapy, the recommended first-line treatment for young patients and recommended complement to medication, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics.2 The largest population of children receiving only medication resides in the South.\nAccording to the Blue Cross Blue Shield researchers, “(ADHD) accounts for 16 percent of the impact all health conditions have on Generation Z (0-19 years old).”\n1 The Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on the Health of America’s Children. Blue Cross Blue Shield. (Mar. 2019) https://www.bcbs.com/the-health-of-america/reports/impact-of-adhd-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-on-health-of-americas-children\n2 Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management. “ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.” American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline. Vol. 128. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/5/1007 and\nADHD Treatment Recommendations. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (Sep. 2018) https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/guidelines.html\nUpdated on May 16, 2019", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Gender Stereotypes in \"Pride and Prejudice\"\n$19.95 Buy and instantly download this paper now\nThe paper discusses how the novel \"Pride and Prejudice\" was a commentary of its time, and although by today's standards the women seem old-fashioned and suppressed, there is evidence to support claims that Austen broke free of some gender stereotypes in her work. The paper relates that the fact that Austen wrote at all was a breach of convention and furthermore, she stepped into the territory of satire that was considered the exclusive domain of male writers. The paper looks at the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Bennett and addresses Mrs. Bennett's hope that her daughters marry well. The paper also looks at the character of Elizabeth, or Lizzie, who is the most spirited of the Bennett daughters and most favored by her father. The paper points out that Austen's use of laughter so frequently throughout her novel speaks to the author's desire to break free from stereotypical constraints dictating what a woman could and could not write.\nFrom the Paper:\"The fact that Austen wrote at all was a breach of convention. She wrote at a time \"when English society associated a female's entrance into the public sphere with a reprehensible loss of femininity\" (SparkNotes). During her lifetime, only Austen's family was aware that she was a writer; writing for publication was something that ladies did not do. Not only did Austen write, she stepped into territory that was considered the exclusive domain of male writers: satire. Wylie writes \"The overt lesson of Austen's satire is that male supremacy is no joke but rather a force to be reckoned with...\" (62)\n\"Interpreted at face value, the character of Mrs. Bennett is foolish and shallow. When the reader meets her on the first page of the novel, she eagerly tells her husband about a well-to-do new neighbor whom she hopes will marry one of their daughters. Mrs. Bennett is keen to pay a visit on Bingley. Mr. Bennett dismisses her bemusedly by telling her \"You and the girls may go...\" (2). He is both granting his permission and absolving himself of any responsibility for helping his daughters fulfill society's expectation that they find husbands. He tells Mrs. Bennett he gives his consent to Bingley for marrying \"whichever he chooses of the girls\" (n.p.). It does not matter; the girls are easily interchangeable, though Bennett concedes Elizabeth \"has something more of quickness than her sisters\" (n.p.).\"\nSample of Sources Used:\n- Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Amazon: Kindle Edition. n.d.\n- Carr, Jean Ferguson. \"The Polemics of Incomprehension: Mother and Daughter in Pride andPrejudice. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Russel Whitaker Vol. 150. Detroit: Gale, 2005.\n- Casal, Elvira. \"Laughing at Mr. Darcy: Wit and Sexuality in Pride and Prejudice.\" Persuasions: The Jane Austen Journal 22.1 (2001). Web. 13 Apr. 2011.\n- Salbert, Cecilia. \"'Excuse My Interference': Meddling in Pride and Prejudice. Persuasions: The Jane Austen Journal 21.2 (2000). Web. 13 Apr. 2011.\n- SparkNotes Editors. \"SparkNote on Pride and Prejudice.\" SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 13 Apr. 2011.\nCite this Analytical Essay:\nGender Stereotypes in \"Pride and Prejudice\" (2013, May 29) Retrieved October 22, 2019, from https://www.academon.com/analytical-essay/gender-stereotypes-in-pride-and-prejudice-153412/\n\"Gender Stereotypes in \"Pride and Prejudice\"\" 29 May 2013. Web. 22 October. 2019. <https://www.academon.com/analytical-essay/gender-stereotypes-in-pride-and-prejudice-153412/>", "label": "No"}
{"text": "October is Breast Cancer Awareness month. This means the debate over mammograms is ushered in for a brutal 30-days while the NFL wears pink shoes. But oddly, breast cancer death rates have declined sharply in recent years, according to a new report. Chemotherapy is being given the greatest portion of the credit. As well, so have mammograms.\nAccording to the Washington Post.\nBreast cancer death rates increased by 0.4 percent per year from 1975 to 1989, according to the study. After that, mortality rates decreased rapidly, for a 39 percent drop overall through 2015. The report, the latest to document a long-term reduction in breast-cancer mortality, attributed the declines to both improvements in treatments and to early detection by mammography.\nDeanna Attai, a breast cancer surgeon at the University of California at Los Angeles who was not involved in the study, said the advances in treatment included much better chemotherapy regimens — developed in the 1980s and refined ever since — that are administered post-surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. Other improvements have included tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen agent that was approved in the late 1970s; Herceptin, a drug used to treat tumors with a higher-than-normal level of a protein called HER2 and drugs called aromatase inhibitors.\nBreast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer on earth. And that continues to make it the target of pharmaceutical campaigns that are at times, considered controversial. Many feel that the Susan G. Komen Foundation is a scam. While the charity does have a high rating on Charity Navigator, many other sources condemn the charity as being more nefarious than meets the eye. The website thinkbeforepink.com outlines what they feel are reasons to avoid the charity.\nSo what do you think is the reason for breast cancer death rates declining?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A hands-on guide to design patterns for Java platform developers.\nIncreasingly, developers are recognizing the value of design patterns in helping to create more robust, scalable, reliable, and maintainable applications. Now there's a book that can help you bring the power of patterns to your Java-based projects.\nSun Microsystems experts Steve Stelting and Olav Maassen bring together today's best pattern-based techniques and demonstrate pattern use for a variety of business systems. This practical guide features proven techniques for all types of patterns, from system architecture to single classes\nAfter briefly reviewing the fundamentals of design patterns, the authors describe how these patterns can be applied effectively to the Java platform. Next, they provide a pattern catalog, organized into four major categoriesthe creational, behavioral, structural, and system patterns. In addition, they identify patterns and present techniques for pattern use in the core Java APIs as well as the APIs for distributed development.\nAPIs covered include:\nApplied Java Patterns also features a section on pattern use in systems built with J2EE and JINI technologies, and coverage of the servlet, JSP, EJB, and JavaSpaces APIs.\nWithout a doubt, this accessible and up-to-date guide can help you enhance your Java platform programming skills.\nAs an aid to your work with Applied Java Patterns, we are making available for download the book's source code and figures.\nFor your convenience, you can download the complete set of code examples from the book in a compressed archive. The code is available in three compression formats:\nYou can download .zip archives of images related to the code examples in the book via the links below.\nWhy We Wrote This Book. What This Book Is About. Who Should Read This Book? Conventions Used. How This Book Is Organized. How to Use This Book. Companion Web Site. Acknowledgments.\nWhy Patterns? History of the Patterns Movement. Basic Concepts in Patterns. Software Abstraction and Reuse. Summary.\nCOMMONLY USED PATTERNS.1. Creational Patterns.\nIntroduction to Creational Patterns. Abstract Factory. Builder. Factory Method. Prototype. Singleton.2. Behavioral Patterns.\nIntroduction to Behavioral Patterns. Chain of Responsibility. Command. Interpreter. Iterator. Mediator. Memento. Observer. State. Strategy. Visitor. Template Method.3. Structural Patterns.\nIntroduction to Structural Patterns. Adapter. Bridge. Composite. Decorator. Façade. Flyweight. Half-Object Plus Protocol (HOPP). Proxy.4. System Patterns.\nIntroduction to System Patterns. Model-View-Controller (MVC). Session. Worker Thread. Callback. Successive Update. Router. Transaction.\nII. PATTERNS IN THE JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.5. Introduction to Java Programming Language Patterns.\nEvent Handling. JavaBeans. AWT and Swing — The Graphical User Interface APIs. Collections Framework. Input-Output (I/O). Reflection.7. Distributed Technologies.\nJava Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI). JDBC. RMI. CORBA.8. Jini and J2EE Architectures.\nJini. Java 2, Enterprise Edition (J2EE). Servlets and JSPs. Enterprise JavaBeans.Appendix A: Full Code Examples.\nSystem Requirements. Creational Pattern Code Examples. Abstract Factory. Builder. Factory Method. Prototype. Singleton. Chain of Responsibility. Command. Interpreter. Iterator. Mediator. Memento. Observer. State. Strategy. Visitor. Template Method. Adapter. Bridge. Composite. Decorator. Façade. Flyweight. Half-Object Plus Protocol (HOPP). Proxy. Model-View-Controller (MVC). Session. Worker Thread. Callback. Successive Update. Router. Transaction.Appendix B: Bibliography.\nDuring the many Java programming language courses we teach, we have found that only a few programmers know what design patterns are when asked. About one in ten is able to name a few patterns off the top of his or her head. Of course, the concepts behind the patterns are familiar to many programmers. When we demonstrate patterns in the classroom, developers know and recognize them.\nWe decided to create a pattern catalog for the Java programming language developers who understand at a basic level why patterns are a good idea, and are interested in applying them, but want a practical, hands-on guide to just how and why to use each individual pattern. We've kept the book casual and frank in tone, and included full working Java code examples for each.\nWe will have succeeded when you complete this book having not only learned about design patterns and the Java programming language, but having had fun reading it, as well.What This Book Is About\nThis book will teach you the essential design patterns and how you can use them in your Java application. Furthermore, this book will show you where patterns are used in Java technology APIs and why they were used.Who Should Read This Book\nThis book is intended for experienced Java programmers who want to build better applications. You should be comfortable with the Java programming language and be familiar with most of the basic Java APIs. Some knowledge of UML is useful, but not required. We recommend UML Distilled by Martin Fowler as a UML reference.How This Book Is Organized\nThis book is divided into two parts. Part I, \"Commonly Used Patterns,\" is organized like a pattern catalogue, reference-style.\nChapter 1: \"Creational Patterns\" on page 3 discusses patterns that create objects: Abstract Factory, Builder, Factory Method, Prototype, and Singleton.\nChapter 2: \"Behavioral Patterns\" on page 39 is focussed on the patterns that can determine the behavior of your object model: Chain of Responsibility, Command, Interpreter, Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Strategy, Template Method, and Visitor.\nChapter 3: \"Structural Patterns\" on page 139 describes patterns that can bring structure to your application and has the following patterns: Adapter, Bridge, Composite, Decorator, Facade, Flyweight, HOPP, and Proxy.\nChapter 4: \"System Patterns\" on page 205 describes the patterns that help you build better architectures: Callback, Router, MVC, Session, Successive Update, Transaction, and Worker Thread.\nPart II, \"Patterns in the Java Programming Language,\" presents many of the Java APIs and shows the use of patterns in those API and their benefit.\nChapter 6: \"Java Core APIs\" on page 279 provides an overview in the familiar core APIs like Event Handling, JavaBeansTM, AWT and Swing, Collections, Input/Output, and Reflection.\nChapter 7: \"Distributed Technologies\" on page 303 describes selected distributed APIs and how patterns are used: JNDI, JDBC, RMI, and CORBA.\nChapter 8: \"Jini and J2EE Architectures\" on page 317 focuses on the two complementary frameworks Jini and J2EE. J2EE is further divided into Servlets, JSP and EJB technologies.How to Use This Book\nThere are several ways to read this book. You could start at page one and read from cover to cover. However, we recommend you start with some of the easier patterns: Factory Method, Singleton, Observer, and Composite. Work your way through the book using those as starting points for your exploration. Alternatively, you might want to turn to sections in Part II first. Find an API you are familiar with and start looking for patterns there.\nYou can read the patterns in any order you feel most comfortable with. Later, you can use this book as a reference to refresh your memory when you want to put your knowledge of patterns into practice.Companion Web Site\nThis book has a companion Web site to provide you with updates and other material: it is located at\nBelow you will find the current errata list pertaining to the code examples in the book. You can download all of the code updates in a .zip archive.\np. 163, Example 3.10: Deliverable.java required (Composite)\np. 164, Example 3.12: Project.java incorrectly repeated. DELETE THIS.\np. 363, Example A.31: RunPattern.java required.\np. 439, Example A.127: DataRetriever.java required.\np. 439, Example A.128: RunPattern.java required.\np. 447, Example A.137: RunPattern.java required.\np. 453, Example A.145: Deliverable.java required.\np. 454, Example A.147: Project.java.\np. 506, Example A.204: RunPattern.java required.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All great beer begins with the mash. So what actually happens when we’re mashing grain? In a nutshell, the mash is a process in which malted grains are mixed with water at a specific ratio, temperatures, and pH in order to activate the enzymes in the malt and convert the starches in the grain into fermentable sugars. If grain goes unmalted, then the starches bound in the grain are inaccessible to yeast due to the size of the molecule. This can sometimes be desirable, however, as those unfermentable compounds add body and such.\nFor the beginning brewer, a single infusion is the easiest mash profile to start with. A Single Infusion Mash describes mashes in which you bring a single volume of strike water to a single desired temperature and you hold the mash within these parameters for at least one hour. After your mash has finished, then you will drain the mash and either sparge or begin your boil. This is by far the easiest and most common mash profile used. The Single Infusion refers to the fact that you are working with one single addition (infusion) of water for the entire mash process.\nA Step Mash is differentiated from a Single Infusion Mash in that a step mash will require multiple water additions and/or multiple temperature ranges. There are several reasons to perform a step mash. One of these is the fact that there are certain grains that require a more robust treatment in order to yield fermentable sugars, break down compounds, or otherwise address some aspect of the grain’s properties. Some say that a step mash isn’t necessary any more with the well-modified malts that we have now, but I feel I have more control over the body of a beer using a step mash. The reason for this is that between 130-150˚ F beta amylase is produced. This enzyme is responsible for creating non-fermentable sugars. At 140-160˚ F alpha amylase is produced. This enzyme is responsible for creating fermentable sugars. What this means is during the step mash you can have a rest at 130-139° F and produce more non-fermentable sugars to help create more body in your beer.\nAfter brewing for several years and trying both methods, it’s my opinion that I have more control on the final output of a beer using a step mash. Although it takes almost twice as long using a step mash than a single infusion, the quality is better. There have been a number of recently released products in the Brewing World that make both single infusion and step mashes easier than ever to perform! Check out the Brewer’s Edge Mash and Boil Unit and The Grainfather for more info!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Slides in this set\nMost chemical reactions are considered irreversible\nthe products that are made cannot readily be changed\nback into their reactants.\nFor example, when wood burns\nit is impossible to turn it back\ninto unburnt wood again!\nSimilarly, when magnesium\nreacts with hydrochloric acid to\nform magnesium chloride and\nhydrogen, it is not easy to\nreverse the reaction and obtain\nthe magnesium.…read more\nWhat are reversible reactions?\nReversible reactions occur when the backwards reaction\n(products reactants) takes place relatively easily under\ncertain conditions. The products turn back into the reactants.\nA + B C + D\nFor example, during a reversible reaction reactants A and B\nreact to make products C and D.\nHowever, products C and D can also undergo the reverse\nreaction, and react together to form reactants A and B.…read more\nHeating ammonium chloride\nAn ammonium salt can be made by reacting ammonia with\nan acid. Some of the salt will decompose back into the\nreactants when heated.\nammonia + chloride chloride\nNH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (s)\nNH4Cl reforms in\nNH4Cl decomposes the cooler part of\nback into NH3 and the test tube\nHCl gases when\nReversible reactions and dynamic equilibrium\nA reversible chemical reaction is a dynamic process.\nFor a reversible reaction,\na state of dynamic equilibrium is said to be established when\nrate of forward rxn = rate of backward rxn\nApparently, there is no change in the concentrations of\nreactants and products.…read more\nConcept of Dynamic Equilibrium\nIf conditions on either side of the fence are equally pleasant, an equal\nnumber of sheep will be on either side of the fence, despite the fact that\nsheep are constantly jumping over the fence. If one side is preferable\n(sunny rather than rainy), there will be more sheep on the nicer side.…read more", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In 2014, many of the world’s major companies buying, trading or producing palm oil and pulp and paper made a joint commitment to stop clearing natural forests by 2020. As the deadline draws near, how are these ‘no deforestation’ commitments progressing, and what effect are they having on forests?\nUsing LANDSAT satellite data to observe annual changes in forest area and annual expansion of industrial plantations, scientists at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), including from the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA), are assessing the impact of corporate commitments to stop deforestation on the island of Borneo.\nBorneo, a landmass shared by Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam, is home to some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. But forest fires and land conversion for logging, plantations and infrastructure development have reduced the island’s old-growth forest area by 30 percent since 1973.\nExpansion of plantations for palm oil and pulp and paper has been associated with significant forest loss in Borneo, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia as the world’s leading producers of palm oil.\nThe ongoing research is looking at how pledges to stop this trend are having an effect, both inside and outside of plantation concession areas.\nDavid Gaveau, co-creator of the newly updated Atlas of Deforestation and Industrial Plantations in Borneo, has been working on developing tools for buyers, traders, producers, governments and consumers to track industrial agriculture supply chains in Borneo, and monitor their impact on forests. He sat down with Forests News this week to discuss ongoing research, and what he and his partners have found so far.\nWhat does it mean for a company to make a ‘No deforestation’ commitment?\nWhen we talk about deforestation-free palm oil or paper, we are talking about products that have not been extracted from plantations established in place of forests. That is, where no forests have been cleared and converted to plantations. What this means in practice is that the products should come from plantations established on lands that have been cleared for other reasons, for example by wildfire, such as degraded shrublands.\nA large number of palm oil and paper buyers and traders have already pledged to source only deforestation-free palm oil or paper, and in turn, the largest palm oil and pulp and paper producers have promised to stop clearing forests to expand plantations. Some made this pledge in 2013, with immediate effect. So in our research, we have sought to analyze whether those pledges, made with immediate effect, reduced overall rates of forest loss in Borneo.\nWhy are companies making ‘No deforestation’ commitments? Does it have any effect on profits?\nCompanies are making these commitments under pressure from consumer groups, environmental NGOs, and now even financial markets. For far too long, extractive industries made profit without respecting the environment. Times are changing.\nHow is a commitment monitored, and by whom?\nIdeally, commitments should be monitored by tracking the palm oil back to the plantation where it was produced, and by verifying whether this plantation has been established at the expense of a forest, or whether it has replaced degraded, non-forested lands.\nHave these pledges had an observable impact on deforestation rates in your research area in recent years?\nBorneo is a major center for palm oil production. The area of industrial oil palm plantations in 2016 reached 8.3 million hectares — about half of the estimated global planted area of 18 million hectares. Old-growth forest area losses averaged 350,000 hectares annually from 2001 to 2016. By old-growth, we mean ancient forests that have never been impacted by humans, or forests impacted by timber extraction, but which have not been totally been cleared, and where the structure of a forest remains.\nWe showed in a paper published last year that the expansion of industrial oil palm plantations was responsible for 50 percent of all of Borneo’s old-growth forest area lost between 2005 to 2015. This number rises to 56 percent if we include pulpwood plantations. So, if producing companies stop clearing forests to expand plantations, deforestation should drop dramatically.\nOur preliminary results from ongoing research suggest that recent corporate commitments to stop clearing forests in concessions of oil palm and pulpwood are associated with less conversion of forests to industrial plantations in Borneo, at least for oil palm and pulpwood.\nWe find that this company-driven deforestation peaked in concessions in 2009 and again in 2012, and has since been decreasing since 2012. In 2016, it had decelerated to 14-year low. This decreasing trend appears in Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, and suggests that ‘No Deforestation’ commitments have slowed forest conversion within concessions in both countries. But that is not the whole story.\nDespite this positive finding, the area of forest cleared since 2013 has in fact increased in Borneo. In Kalimantan — Indonesian Borneo — in particular, forests in 2016 were cleared at the fastest rate since 1997, with nearly 400,000 hectares lost that year. Much of this deforestation was caused by uncontrolled El Niño fires during late 2015, but appeared in 2016 satellite data because of cloud cover.\nWe find that much of this deforestation occurred outside concessions, and on peatlands, highlighting the urgent need to prevent peatland fires in the future, and to find solutions to deforestation outside concessions, where companies do not have jurisdiction. We also see a troubling trend in concessions where a lot of forest remains. In those forest-rich concessions, company-driven deforestation has not slowed, suggesting that ‘business as usual’ has continued in undeveloped concessions.\nHow do you measure or observe the impact of commitments on forests?\nWe have mapped then analyzed the area of forest converted each year to industrial oil palm and pulpwood plantations from 2001 to 2016, looking mainly at land under company management – that is, concessions. We use LANDSAT satellite imagery to monitor the annual expansion of plantations.\nWe combine this information with annual maps of forest loss also derived using LANDSAT satellites by Matthew Hansen’s research group at the University of Maryland. The Hansen dataset, as we call it, produces very accurate tree loss maps over the humid tropics, and combined with a good forest mask, reveals where old-growth forests have been cleared. However, this dataset does not tell us why forest has been cleared, or who cleared it.\nBy combining our annual maps of plantations with this forest loss dataset, we can extract the area of forest converted each year to industrial plantations by producing companies. This is what we call company-driven deforestation.\nWhat about the effect outside of concession areas, or in nearby forests?\nDeforestation caused by fire is even more dramatic in Borneo outside concessions, where it recently jumped by 400 percent to a 16-year high in 2016.\nWhat plans do you have for researching this further, and drawing recommendations for action?\nWe now aim to understand other drivers of deforestation in the Borneo landscape. For example, we are quantifying the impacts of forest fires, and smallholder and mining activity. We aim to equip governments, NGOS and companies with the capacity to see the full impact of the human enterprise on Borneo forests, and to act accordingly to bring the rate of forest loss down to zero.\nBy Catriona Croft-Cusworth, originally published at CIFOR’s Forests News.\nFor more information on this topic, please contact David Gaveau at firstname.lastname@example.org.\nThis research forms part of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, which is supported by CGIAR Fund Donors.\nThis research was supported by UK aid from the UK government and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If there’s a science fair coming up, this trumps just about any 2D poster. It’s a 3D topographical map of an inactive Slovakian volcano, Poľana. [Peter Vojtek] came up an easy way to generate SVG topo patterns using Ruby.\nTopographical data is available through the MapQuest API. You should be able to model just about any part of the world, but areas with the greatest elevation difference are going to yield the most interesting results. The work starts by defining a rectangular area using map coordinates and deciding the number of steps (sheets of paper representing this rectangle). The data are then chopped up into tables for each slice, converted to SVG points, and a file is spit out for the blade cutting machine. Of course you could up the game and laser cut these from more substantial stock. If you have tips for laser-cutting paper without singing the edges let us know. We’ve mostly seen failure when trying that.\nThe red model explained in [Peter’s] writeup uses small cross-pieces to hold the slices. We like the look of the Blue model which incorporates those crosses in the elevation representation. He doesn’t explain that specifically but it should be easy to figure out — rotate the rectangle and perform the slicing a second time, right?\nIf you’re looking for more fun with topography we’ve always been fond of [Caroline’s] bathymetric book.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Blue bins and aluminum tins are two crucial components to MC’s recycling program conducted by the Critical Skills classroom in the H-building. Each Tuesday during fourth and fifth period, students from the class visit over 70 rooms on campus to collect plastic, glass, and aluminum from classroom bins. On average, five big trash bags full of recycling are collected on a weekly basis, with the funds going directly back to the Critical Skills classroom.\n“The recycling program has been a staple of our classroom even before I was the teacher here,” Critical Skills teacher Sara Okleshen said. “It’s been a program that has been in place so that our classroom can earn money. It’s allowed us to be able to cook on Fridays, buy new things for our garden – we need vegetables, plants, fertilizer.”\nThis program not only contributes to the Critical Skills curriculum, but also provides MC’s only recyclable receptacles. This classroom on campus has joined with the AP Environmental Science Class to put into motion a paper recycling program that will commence in a few months.\n“The idea behind the paper recycling is the same thing – we’re getting a lot of trash in our blue recycling bins,” Okleshen said. “A lot of people are throwing out their paper as well, so it’s pretty wasteful. Mt. Carmel actually does have a paper recycling bin in the back of the school by the cafeteria so we’re now going to start collecting that to help the environment. We’re not going to get any money from it but it’s a good thing to help the environment and keep MC looking great.”\nHowever, for those unaware of the impact of the recycling program, Okleshen would like to provide a reminder on the proper usage of the recycling receptacles around campus.\n“Please make sure that you’re just throwing aluminum, glass, or plastic,” Okleshen said. “Please don’t throw your trash in those bins, especially food because it really does smell and our kids are the ones that are sorting it. Although we use gloves and hand sanitizer and trash pickers, I’m also sorting it, everybody in the classroom is sorting it and it can be really gross so we just encourage everyone to remember to please recycle plastic, aluminum, and glass. It makes it a little bit easier.”\nUltimately, the program serves as a benefit to the Critical Skills classroom itself, the environment, and the students who collect the bottles and cans.\n“It’s just a nice time to pop in; see different areas of campus,” Okleshen said. “It also works with making sure that we know where all the rooms on campus are and which teacher is in which classroom. All of the funds go straight to our critical skills classroom because we cook or we go out every Friday […]. On average, when we cook, it costs about $50 to $60 every time, so all of the funds go straight back to our students.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What's In This Article?\nMaintaining the ability to drive is crucial to most senior’s quality of life. It helps them to stay connected to people in their respective communities. Being able to drive is an indispensable part of maintaining social ties while also having constant access to all services needed. Losing one’s ability to drive either voluntarily or for any other reason can have an adverse impact on a senior’s health. It puts them at risk for anxiety and depression.\nSeniors who lose their driving capabilities face a higher risk of being moved to a long-term care facility. It increases their risk for isolation as it makes a senior more prone to loneliness because they will likely leave the house less often.\nIn other words, losing the ability to drive may also mean losing one’s independence. This is true especially if the senior is living alone and no family members are living in close proximity.\nThere are 14 million licensed drivers aged 65 years old or older, says the Federal Highway Administration. Of course, age is not a determining factor whether you are a bad driver or not. However, there are some physical limitations on elderly drivers. These limitations make driving, a daunting task for elderly adults.\nThe good news is that automakers and aftermarket manufacturers are introducing more and more features and products that assist drivers and make driving safer and easier!\nFor many seniors, driving is a necessity. There are times seniors may need to realize the need to hang up the keys and finally give up driving for good. Data shows the number of accidents increases when people reach the age of 65, and fatal accidents increase by age 75.\nAs we age, driving is a symbol of independence. As kids become teenagers, driving represents the ability to do things on their own. The same remains to be true to older adults. Elderly people drive with plenty of risks. Even if the elderly reduce the amount of time driving or giving up the keys; independence should not be diminished. The key here is to know what assistive devices and car features can be used to make driving safer and less stressful to people.\nAlternatives to Self-Driving Cars\nSelf-driving cars are still a few years away but until then, here are some very helpful products that will make driving a lot easier for aging seniors.\nHandybar Car Aid\nHandybar Car Aid is a device that helps elderly to get in and out of the car easily. This handybar car aid is designed to help reduce a senior’s risk of falling. It provides great amount of leverage especially among seniors who find sitting or standing from inside of the car or into the car too difficult. The tool is inserted into a U-shaped striker plate on the vehicle door frame. It can be used in the side doors of both the driver and passenger. It supports weight for up to 350 pounds. Its added features such as seatbelt cutter and window breaker are helpful in cases of emergency.\nSun Zapper Glare Shield\nElderly people may have a problem with vision when there’s too much glare. And, such problem may spell danger especially when they’re driving. The Sun Zapper Glare Shield helps in keeping the glare out of the senior’s eyes. This tool attaches easily to the existing car visor and has a special shield (thus the name) to zap out the glare from the sun coming into the car.\nPanoramic Rearview Mirror\nWith this tool, the 20/20 Panoramic Rearview Mirror, blind spots are effectively reduced. This tool can be easily installed over the existing rearview mirror. It works great for seniors with existing neck troubles or injuries. It helps them look over their shoulders with ease.\nSheepskin Seat Belt Cover\nThe seat belt is one of the leading safety devices one can have in the car. But, it is far from perfect. There are other issues that one can encounter when using a seat belt. The Sheepskin Seat Belt Cover helps in preventing chafing on the neck and shoulders. The seat belt may rub against the skin, which can be especially damaging to the elderly. The product comes in eight colors to best match the colors in one’s car.\nPower Transfer Seat\nThe Power Transfer Seat enables the one sitting to rotate up to 90 degrees, which makes moving in and out of the car easier. The seat can be installed on both sides of the car. The tool fits most vehicles including minivans.\nGetting in an out of a car is the biggest challenge for seniors. There are some car makers who are designing cars that are senior friendly. With the new cars, getting in and out can be easier. The challenge is how to make driving easier for seniors with older cars.\nPadded Swivel Seat Cushion\nWe have to admit, getting in and out of a car can be sometimes a dread to seniors. A cushion can be a simpler way for seniors to get in and out. The Padded Swivel Seat Cushion is perfect for people with mobility struggles or those with hip injuries or problems. The padded seat is about 15 inches and is able to turn 360 degrees.\nSeat Belt Strap Adjuster\nThe seat belt strap on your shoulder can be annoying. It is best to have some tool to keep the strap where it should be. The Seat Belt Strap Adjuster makes it possible to adjust the strap where it should be—in between one’s neck and shoulder.\nFoot Pedal Extensions\nPedals are necessary in the operations of a vehicle. There are times that seniors may not be able to reach the pedals properly. The use of extensions is one great solution to this problem. Foot Pedal Extensions allow seniors to reach the pedals. At the same time, it will put the senior at a safe distance upon airbag deployment in an emergency situation. The tool is made from a non-skid surface and the extension ranges from one to four inches.\nGet Help from Occupational Therapist\nDifferent factors of aging can make it challenging for you to drive. If you are not certain about whether you are still physically fit to drive, ask help from an occupational therapist. An occupational therapist will help you assess which part of your body has issues that could affect your driving skills and how you can work together to overcome it.\nYou are most likely to have problems with driving if:\n- Your neck hurts everytime you look over your shoulder whenever you need to change lanes. With this neck pain, you find it hard to look left and right when scanning the road.\n- You experience pain in your leg each time you move your leg from the gas to the brakes or vice versa.\n- Your arms are no longer strong or quick enough to turn the wheel as fast as you need to.\n- Your reaction time is no longer as quick as before.\n- Looking at traffic, road signs and people crossing the road – all at the same time has become a challenge for you.\nOccupational therapists can give you suggestions on the best exercises that will help you overcome these challenges in driving. If you have just been through a stroke or surgery, occupational therapists can also help you in developing a plan in order for you to recover quickly and get back to driving again.\nObtaining clearance from an Occupational Therapist or Rehabilitation Specialist will give assurance to your loved ones that you are capable of driving again. These professionals will also give you advice on what strategies to use so that you can improve your driving skills. They can also make assessments on how long you are able to continue driving. These occupational therapists can also give you advice regarding the best assistive devices that you can use for your car to make driving a lot easier for you.\nYou may check out the website of The American Occupational Therapy Association if you’re looking for an occupational therapist or rehabilitation specialist. It is best to look for someone who has Special Certification in Driving and Community Mobility.\nDebunking the “Seniors are More Dangerous Drivers” Myth\nData from Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) revealed that in Montana, teenage drivers were found to be involved in more deadly car accidents compared to elderly drivers. Moreover, results from a research conducted by the RAC Foundation showed that even though drivers aged 75 and above account for 6 percent of the population of license holders, they were found to only account for 4.3 percent of all serious injuries and fatal road accidents.\nIn fact, researchers from the Institute of Advanced Motorists and RAC Foundation believe that senior drivers are as safe as younger drivers. However, according to them, there are also exceptions. For example, in places where there are high-speed junctions and dual carriageways, seniors do struggle. The same thing is true in locations where there are slip-roads and high-speed roundabouts. These locations warrant drivers to make quick responses and quick decisions and these are things that many elderly drivers find too challenging. But, when it comes to driving everywhere else, senior drivers were found to be just as good as anybody else.\nIt is important to note that not all seniors are vulnerable to road accidents. Another important thing to keep in mind is that not all seniors are unsafe drivers. Luckily, there are ways to help seniors overcome some challenges that they have in driving. One of these is to make use of assistive devices that will help make driving a lot easier for them despite these challenges.\nWhat States are Doing to Promote Safety Driving among Seniors\nTo be able to address these problems that the elderly drivers face, 33 states in the U.S., have come up with laws or provisions and some of these are the following:\nAccelerated Renew Frequency – this provision requires less time for seniors to renew their licenses. Instead of renewing every eight years, some states require that seniors renew every four years.\nOnline and Mail Renewal Restriction – some states such as Alaska, restrict seniors aged 69 and above to renew their license online or through mail. They are required to be physically present at the Division of Motor Vehicle whenever they need to renew their license.\nVision and Road Tests – some states have mandated a stricter policy regarding road and vision tests for seniors renewing their driver’s license.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Typhoid fever – Congo\n1458 cases of typhoid fever have been recorded since the beginning of the year in the city of Panzi, province of Kwango in the Democratic Republic of Congo.\nTyphoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the body, affecting many organs. Without prompt treatment, it can cause serious complications and can be fatal. It’s caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. Symptoms include fever, sweating, muscle aches, dry cough and stomach pains. Incubation period of 6 to 30 days.\n1458 cases reported, no deaths or hospitalisations reported.\nDr. François Mwakisenda insisted on the respect of hygiene which is an effective means of prevention against this disease called dirty hands.\nPhoto: Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium – Cultured in medium\nTyphoid fever, so-called enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, has a totally different presentation from that of the commoner kinds of salmonellosis.\nIt is usually spread by contaminated food or water. Typhoid fever is not a zoonosis like the more commonly seen types of salmonellosis.\nVomiting and diarrhea are typically absent but constipation is frequently reported.\nThe word typhoid (as in typhus-like) reflects the similarity of the louse-borne rickettsial disease epidemic typhus and that of typhoid fever; in fact, in some areas, typhoid fever is still referred to as abdominal typhus.\nWhile you are here, help us with\nAccess to Essential Drugs\nOne third of children, women and men have no access to essential medicines, putting lives at risk. Hospitals frequently run out of medicines and other essential supplies. Our Med-Aid program connects hospitals with aid and ensures that they receive exactly what they need.\nAccess to Diagnostics\nMuch of today’s innovation is either not reaching or not suitable for people in developing countries.\nData to Improve Health\nFaster and reactive systems to help provide lifesaving support to vulnerable communities.\nSupport our work. It only takes a minute but makes a world of difference!\nWith your help we can bring modern diagnostics and essential medicines to people in need, track disease outbreaks better and help prevent future pandemics.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Rural Alaskan Communities have the highest utility rates in America. Rural communities pay up to six times the national average cost of 11 cents per kilowatt-hour. Electrical power is supplied by diesel fuel that when transported to these pristine areas result in spills, soil contamination and health risks to Tribal members and workers. With the lowest per capita incomes in the United States, they also pay a disproportionately large share of income for this energy. Because diesel fuel is so expensive, the generators are often turned off at night to conserve fuel. The diesel generators are old and unreliable resulting in frequent power outages, power surges, and brownouts. They are also noisy and their emissions pollute the air, ground and water. The individual members of these communities are constantly pressured to choose between the subsistence lifestyle they desire and the need to generate cash to pay for basic amenities in a location where community and economic development activities are stifled by expensive and unreliable energy sources.\nA W.I.S.H. Alaska will oversee the development of three projects in three communities to illustrate the viability of renewable wind, water and solar electric power in remote Alaskan communities while alleviating dramatic hardships for these native communities. Our proposed systems will be designed with real-time monitoring systems to measure the actual energy production and resulting diesel fuel savings through the year. In this way, the information obtained from these systems will help to demonstrate the viability of solar energy and lead to replication in other Native villages throughout Alaska and Canada.\nThe communities will also be supplied with education and hardware to use electricity in the most efficient manner. Individual community members will realize lower electrical use and therefore lower costs permanently. Energy efficient lighting and refrigeration will be emphasized resulting in a 30 to 40% load reduction for the community. This will also make renewable energy production a more viable alternative to the existing system as small wind, hydro and solar power is able to completely meet the demand.\nManley Hot Springs Village Wind Project\nManley Hot Springs is a small community connected by road to the Elliot Highway some 180 miles or four hours driving time from Fairbanks. Manley Village Council has a health clinic and several residences that do not have electricity at this time. The existing utility in Manley is a privately owned utility that charges $0.60 per KwH in addition to a $20 monthly service fee per customer. The utility indicates the cost of producing power is $0.12 per KwH and the remaining costs are attributed to delivery and overhead. Initial environmental information indicates strong and consistent wind on tribal land above the town. Tribal Wind Power production will provide ample power for the clinic and residences. Excess power will be sold to the existing utility at avoided costs reducing or eliminating the need for diesel power for the entire community. While there are regulations requiring the purchase of renewable power by the utility if available, we anticipate some reluctance on the part of the utility and have included legal fees within the budget to assist in setting precedence within the regulated utility environment.\nProject implementation will begin with a year of on-site wind data collection so that the proper system can be designed for the site. Community electrical energy efficiency would begin immediately as well. The second year would bring actual power production including the required distribution system, training of local community members in maintenance and operation of the system and integration with the incumbent utility for the sale of excess power produced.\nThe Manley Community Council fully endorses the project and have indicated that they will provide complete cooperation; a letter of support is forthcoming.\nElim Small Hydroelectric Project\nElim is a community located on the Norton Sound coast southeast of Nome. Elim is not connected by road therefore fuel must arrive by barge, risking fuel spills in the marine environment that provides the bulk of subsistence food for Elim residents. The existing utility has opted out of state regulation and has no interest in lowering sales. The community recently had a meeting to establish priorities and Small Hydro development was voted as one of the highest priorities by over 75% of the community members.\nThe small hydro project combined with electrical energy efficiency will result in Elim becoming self sufficient with sustainable electric power. An appropriate stream that has no spawning grounds has been identified and preliminary information shows it to be capable of providing year round power. It is located approximately 7 miles from the community along existing trails. Road construction has been mapped and planned and lacks only funds for completion.\nCurrent electric power is produced by diesel generators located in the center of town near the school. The Community is very concerned over air quality and the health of the children. Previous attempts to have the utility relocate its generation facility have been met with refusal.\nThe Elim IRA council fully endorses the project and has indicated that they will provide complete cooperation; a letter of support is forthcoming.\nNative Village of Venetie Seasonal Solar Power Project\nThe Native Village of Venetie Tribal Government is the governing body for the northernmost Gwich'in villages in the United States, located north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska. In these remote conditions, diesel generators produce all electricity for a total population of approximately 250 people. Since there are no roads to the outside world, fuel must be brought in by plane then transferred to storage tanks, resulting in spills, soil contamination and health risks. Because diesel fuel is so expensive, the generators are often turned off at night to conserve fuel.\nThis project seeks to demonstrate the use of solar energy in remote northern locations. Typically, people think of tropical locations for solar power. However, with its long summer days -- 24 hours of continuous summer daylight in the NVVTG villages -- Alaska is an ideal technology to begin the transition to a more sustainable energy infrastructure. Solar energy will not mitigate the need for diesel generators in the short-term, however it can significantly reduce the amount of diesel fuel that has to be purchased and flown into the villages resulting in real and immediate economic savings for Tribal members.\nWe propose to install a 20 kilowatt (kW) distributed grid-tied solar electric (photovoltaic) energy system in the NVVTG villages. This amounts to approximately 10 percent of the villages current demand for power. The systems will be installed on community facilities such as the health clinic, washeteria, or tribal government offices to maximize the benefit and exposure to village residents. Tribal members will be trained on the theory, installation, operation and maintenance of the systems to build internal institutional capacity and reduce dependence on outside expertise. The systems will be designed with real-time monitoring systems to measure the actual energy production and resulting diesel fuel savings through the year. In this way, the information obtained from these systems will help to demonstrate the viability of seasonal solar energy and lead to replication in other Native villages throughout Alaska and Canada.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is Arthritis? (ABC podcast click here) )\nArthritis is an umbrella term for over 100 medical conditions that affect your joints. This is because “arth” simply means bone and “itis” means inflammation. Therefore its anything causing inflammation of the bones.\nArthritis-related problems include pain, stiffness, inflammation and damage to joint cartilage (the tissue that covers the ends of bones, enabling them to move against each another) and surrounding structures. This can result in joint weakness, instability and deformities that can interfere with the most basic daily tasks.\nAs the population ages, the number of people with arthritis grows There is a widely held belief that arthritis is simply a consequence of age. But it is not a natural part of ageing. Trauma in the past that has not healed properly, poor exercise habits, poor nutrition, metabolic, genetic or hormone disorders all contribute to the disease.\nResearch suggests early intervention can not only delay the onset of the disease but may also reduce symptoms and progression.\nWhile there are about 100 forms of arthritis, the three most common causes account for 95% of all arthritis. These are:\n- Rheumatoid Arthritis\n- Psoriatic Arthritis\nThere is no known cure for arthritis. However arthritis is usually manageable.\nLess common forms of arthritis are:\n- Ankylosing Spondylitis\n- Juvenile arthritis\n- Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Andrew Carnegie’s steel mills made him a huge fortune in the 19th century.\nStill, he found “‘ostentatious living’ profoundly distasteful and the conduct of most New York millionaires strictly irresponsible.”\nSo in 1903, he decamped from his brownstone on Fifth Avenue and 51st Street, on Millionaires’ Row, and moved into a home he built 30 blocks north—practically the country at that time.\nHe wanted “the most modest, plainest and roomiest house in New York” with land for his wife to garden.\nThe Georgian mansion he commissioned was a palace compared to most New Yorkers’ homes—but it reflected his view that “the houses of some should be homes for all that is highest and best in literature and the arts…. Without wealth there can be no Maecenas.”\nThe four-story, 64-room mansion at Fifth and 91st Street was a technological marvel with a steel frame, elevator, central heating (sucking down two tons of coal on a winter day) and a primitive form of air conditioning.\nHe contemplated his philanthropy in his library overlooking Fifth Avenue, as a neighborhood built up around him.\nThe mansion is still there, but now houses the Cooper-Hewitt Design Museum.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "These three Goddesses are celebrated together in all the āpri hymns namely: 1.13.9; 1.142.9; 1.188.8; 2.3.8; 3.4.8; 5.5.8; 7.2.8; 9.5.8; 10.70.8; 10.110.8; Note that Mahī and Bhāratī are same. We reproduce below the comments of Sri Kapāli Sāstry.\nThe purāņās speak of no difference between Bhāratī and Sarasvatī. According to the purāņic story, Iļā, male head of the lunar dynasty, son of Manu, attained womanhood and became Iļā. But in the Veda, it is to be noted, these three associated together, conferring Sight, Hearing Vastness on the sacrificer, the rişhi, have their dwelling in Svar. Of these, Bhāratī signified by the term Mahī, the divine Power connected with the Vast Light, issuing from the House of svar, brings first the consciousness of the vast, bŗhat, to the Seer-Poet; Iļā favours him with the consciousness-sight, commensurate with this vastness. But Sarasvatī, the carrier of inspiration makes the seer capable of hearing the divine inspiration, the hearer of Truth.\nThe truth of Bhāratī or Mahī is described in (1.8.8) with the three adjectives sūnŗta, one with true speech, virapshī, flowing abundantly, and gomatī, full of the rays of Light. The entire hymn (1.8) entitled “Indra and Mahī” will be discussed in the second volume. Even though sūnŗta is used for Sarasvatī also in (1.3.11), we have to grasp the distinction between the deities.\nIļā, Sarasvatī and Bhāratī, conferring Sight, Hearing and Vastness respectively, are divine, born of the Truth-Light, powers of the Sun of the Light of Truth impeller supreme of the Universe. The adjective vishvatūrtiĥ (who carries all) used for Her of the Vastness, establishes the relation of Bhāratī to the very Impeller who is sought to impel our thoughts. All these three create supreme happiness-mayobhuvaĥ. They are not to be taken as some indistinct or formless divine powers; though they are mutually associated, the seers see their form as distinct, beautiful, supeshasaĥ, of good form.\nWe give below translations of some of the āpri mantrās.\nMay Iļā, Sarasvatī, Mahī, the three Goddesses of delight come to the seat, unharmed (1.13.9).\nMay Sarasvatī affecting our thought dhiyam and Goddesses Iļā and Bhāratī who carry all to their goal sit on our altar seat and guard our house of refuge by the self-law of things svadhaya. (2.3.8)\nIn unison may Bhāratī with her muses of invocation bhāratibhih, Iļā with gods, men and Agni, Sarasvatī with her powers of inspiration sārasvatebhirvāk, come down to us; may the three goddesses be seated, (7.2.8) and (3.4.8).\nMay Iļā, Sarasvatīī and Mahī, the three Goddesses who create the bliss sit on the sacred seat, they who never err (5.5.8).\nMay Bhāratī come swiftly to our sacrifice, Iļā awakening to knowledge like a human thinker and Sarasvatī, the three Goddesses, –may they sit, perfect in works, on this sacred seat of happy ease (10.110.8).\nO ye three Goddesses, sit on the superior seat which we have made delightful for you; may the mother of revelation, Iļā, and the two goddesses with the luminous feet, ghŗtapadī, accept our firmly placed offerings and our human worship of sacrifice (10.70.8).\nThe translations are all due to Sri Aurobindo (HMF). Note in (10.70.8), the usual translation of ghŗtapadī as having feet of ghee does not make sense.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The idea behind the Readers and Writers Workshop model of learning is that students learn best by actually DOING what they are learning. Readers need to READ. Writers need to WRITE. Artists, need to sculpt or paint or draw. So what does the teacher do while her students are READING or WRITING or SCULPTING? The teacher is moving around the room, observing, encouraging, helping, giving hints and tips, in a word...TEACHING!\nFor more information on how to CONFER with READERS take a look at Jennifer Serravallo's book, Conferring With Readers.\nFor information on how to CONFER with WRITERS take a look at Carl Anderson's book,\nHappy Teaching 2014-2015!!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "HomeArticleWhat Is Dyslexia, Why Does it Affects Children? See Its Causes, Signs, Symptoms, And Treatment\nWhat Is Dyslexia, Why Does it Affects Children? See Its Causes, Signs, Symptoms, And Treatment\nUpdated On 20 Mar, 2018 Published On 20 Mar, 2018\nDyslexia is simply the issue related to the difficulty in learning and writing. Symptoms may vary from one child to another.\nDyslexia is simply a learning disorder that makes a person difficult to read and write. A person with such type of learning disability faces trouble in processing words or numbers.\nDyslexia is not a disease that we acquire in the time being but it's a condition a person is born with, and it often runs in families. People with dyslexia are not stupid or lazy. Most possess an average or above-average intelligence and they work really very hard to overcome their learning difficulties.\nWhat is Dyslexia? Know About Its Prevalence Worldwide\nRaising a child with dyslexia is a real challenge. As you move on in your life you gain a lot of knowledge about the problems and challenges of the child while reading and writing.\nDyslexia is a lifelong issue that makes it difficult for people to learn some normal things. Kids with dyslexia may have a problem answering questions on they've just read.\nSource: Gordon Turner Optometrists\nPeople all over the world are affected by several types of earning disability. About 3-7% of the total population is affected by dyslexia in the world. Among them, about 20% show visible symptoms.\nHere is a video on how to teach dyslexic children to read:\nOver 40 million American adults are dyslexic and only 2 million know about their issues.The month of October is 'Dyslexia Awareness Month'.\nSome Facts About Dyslexia\nIt is estimated that 1 out of 10 people have dyslexia.\nThe condition is not related to IQ. The great scientist Einstein himself was dyslexic, still had an IQ of 160.\nDyslexia is a language-based learning disability including poor word reading, word decoding, fluency, and spelling.\nAbout 20% school-aged children in the US are dyslexic.\nSigns and Symptoms\nSome of the most common signs and symptoms linked with dyslexia in childhood are as follows:\n1. Difficulty to Read\nMany children have normal intelligence like other kids. Still, they face difficulty learning to read even with the help of elders.\n2. Delayed Speech Development\nA child with dyslexia may take a longer time to speak than normal kids. They may mispronounce words and find rhyming challenging and faces difficulty in understanding words that sounds the same.\n3. Slow at Learning Sets of Data\nChildren with dyslexia may take a longer time to understand the alphabets and the way to pronounce those words. They may face difficulty in remembering the days, year, color pattern, and some arithmetic tables.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction. Geology, Pre-history, Demographics, Anthropology and early History of Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.\nFeb. 05. Religions. Southwest and South Asia as the birthplace of religions. The spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism and the glimmering influence of early Judaism and Christianity. Ties with East Asia. The early Silk Road.\nFeb. 12. The glorious age of Gandhara.The resurgence of Hinduism, Hindu India and the rise of Islam. . Its rapid spread across the region. Antagonism and accommodation between faiths. India as the great melting pot.\nFeb. 19. The coming of the Afghans. The Great Moguls. Muslim India and Afghanistan. The subtle influence of Persia on politics, culture, language, architecture, trade.\nFeb. 26. The deep influence of Sufism and emergence of Baha’aism, Sikhism, Ahmedism, Ismailism.The rise and spread of the Sikh faith, the first and only Kingdom of the Punjab and and how it affected the later history of Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.\nAntagonism and accommodation between faiths. India as the great melting pot.The deep influence of Sufism and emergence of Baha’aism, Sikhism, Ahmedism, Ismailism.The rise and spread of the Sikh faith, the first and only Kingdom of the Punjab and how it affected the later history of Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.\nMar. 05. Mid-term quiz. And movie.\nMar. 12. The triumph of the West. The rise of mercantilism, colonialism and imperialism. Competition between the Europeans for control of the region.\nApr. 02. Sultanate-i-Khudad. Afghanistan, the Gift of God. Tthe graveyard of empires and the cockpit of Asia. John Company and the modernization of India. The Great Mutiny and British India. Divida et Imperia. Relations with Afghanistan.\nApr. 09. Native responses to Western imperialism. Muslims as protagonists in the reactionary movements. Messianism and militarism. The influence of Ottoman Turkey. The Chechens, Afghans, Indians, Wahhabis, Egyptians and Sudanese and how they fueled each others struggles and became models for Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaida.\nApr. 16. The modernization of India. The resurgence of Hindu and Muslim identities. India in the two world wars. The emergence of nationalism and peaceful agitation for freedom. The Indian Congress Party and the Muslim League. Dadabhoy Naraoji, Gandhi, The Nehrus, Jinnah. The Great Divide and the emergence of India and Pakistan. Bitter roots of enmity.\nApr. 23. Post independence India and Pakistan. The Cold War and strategic importance of the region. The importance of Afghanistan, China and Iran. Wars. Bangla Desh.\nApr. 30. Empires self-destructing. The Russo-Afghan War. The Afghan Civil War. The US invasion of Afghanistan.\nMay. 07.The aftermath.\nMay. 14. Final Exam.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The two greatest power of Catholic Christianity, the Triple Monarchy of England-Castille-Portugal and France had defeated the Rum-Seljuks several times in the second Occidental-Seljuk War, the First French-Seljuk War and the Great Seljuk War. Still, the Seljuks held some parts of Italy and the Balcans.\nWhen king François IV had come of age and defeated his inner enemies, he wanted to gain fame and power by striking against the Seljuks too. Triple Monarchy of England-Castille-Portugal had fallen apart at this time already, so he was without competition. So the Second French-Seljuk War took place, during the years 1635-46. Again, smaller powers like Florence and the members of the Alliance des Alpes joined the war at France's side.\nIn the peace of Györ, Bourbon Hungary acquired Croatia, Slavonia, Transsylvania and the Banat, France the strategically important Aden, Venice the Peloponnes, Florence the northern half of South Italy. The Italians grumbled, however, because they thought their share was too small.\nAfter the fifth defeat in a row, since 1650 Seljuk intellectuals (for the lack of a better word) suggested a different policy - instead of trying to regain a foot in Europe, the Empire should try to build up a \"Greater Seljuk Empire\", including many areas in Persia and Choresm, like the empire of sultan Saladin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Agricultural Literacy Curriculum Matrix\nAre you a \"taster\" or a \"non-taster?\" PTC paper is used to test whether or not a person can taste the bitter flavor of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). The ability to taste or not taste PTC is conveyed by a single gene, TAS2R38, that codes for a taste receptor on the tongue. On average, 75% of people can taste PTC and 25% cannot. Each vial contains 100 testing strips. Order these testing strips online from agclassroomstore.com.\nNational Center for Agricultural Literacy", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There are several ways to strengthen teeth. These methods include regular brushing, attending periodic dental checkups, avoiding sugary foods, consuming foods rich in calcium, eating foods rich in vitamins and minerals, and drinking lots of water.Continue Reading\nStrengthen teeth by regular brushing to prevent tooth decay, and use toothpaste and supplements rich in fluoride to keep tooth enamel strong and healthy. Secondly, attend regular appointments at the dentist's office. These visits help prevent the development of cavities and other problems that cause wear and tear of enamel. Doctors recommend visits to a dentist twice a year. Thirdly, maintain the strength of teeth by avoiding sugary foods, which cause the production of harmful acids that weaken teeth.\nAdditionally, consume lots of calcium, a mineral with active ingredients that strengthens bones and neutralizes acids produced in the mouth. Foods rich in calcium that should be consumed regularly include milk, leafy greens, seafood and legumes. Another way to keep teeth strong involves eating food rich in vitamins and minerals. Foods rich in vitamins A, K, C, and D are highly recommended. Vitamin A, K and D can be found in leafy greens, cod liver oil and oily fish respectively, while vitamin C can be found in bell peppers and citrus fruits. Lastly, drink water regularly to wash away bacteria and food particles left in the mouth that cause tooth decay.Learn more about Dental", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sea-level rise, caused by climate change, is on a crisis course for many U.S. coastal communities. New research finds that as many as 311,000 homes on the East Coast and Gulf face being frequently flooded within the next 30 years.\nAccording to a new study by the Union of Concerned Scientists, rising oceans will jeopardize coastal residences collectively worth $120 billion by 2045 if greenhouse gas emissions are not severely curtailed. UCS says that — within two decades — this is likely to inflict a huge financial and experiential cost on about half a million Americans who live in the areas at greatest risk.\nPutting a dollar value on these concerns is deeply disturbing. A 2017 article in “Think Progress” reports:\n“[Accelerating sea-level rise] is very bad news for U.S. coastlines, and the only question left for Americans is: When will coastal property values crash? … Values will start dropping before we hit a few feet of sea-level rise. They will crash when a large fraction of the financial community — mortgage bankers and opinion-makers, along with a smaller but substantial fraction of the public — realize that it’s too late for us to stop catastrophic sea-level rise.”\nSean Becketti, economist for mortgage giant Freddie Mac, warns: “The country is facing a trillion-dollar bubble in coastal property values, a time-bomb which has been inflated by U.S. taxpayers in the form of the National Flood Insurance Program.”\nCoastal officials need to conduct a rigorous “reality-check” before making matters worse by approving still more reckless development.\nKyler is director of Center for a Sustainable Coast", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Blog/America's Economic History\nPosted Jun 15, 2016 by Martin Armstrong\nPolitical rivalry in the United States has been taking place since 1800 when the clash between the Federalists and the Jeffersonians pushed the political body of the nation to the point where it teetered on the brink of a second American Revolution. This clash of the Titans was sparked when the Federalists were about to lose power. John Adams tried to prolong Federalist control in direct defiance of the people by stacking the courts with Federalist judges to demonstrate that law was not law; it was driven by bias from the start. The new Constitution was not specific and far too ambiguous in many areas including that of the judiciary.\nJohn Marshall (1755 – 1835) was previously a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He became the Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801, and in a political crisis he became the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801–1835). Marshall was thrown into the office of Chief Justice in the aftermath of the presidential election of 1800. The Federalists were soundly defeated and their dream of a federal government dominating over the states was coming to an end. They were about to lose both the executive and legislative branches to Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans. In a last desperate moment, President Adams and the lame duck Congress passed what came to be known as the Midnight Judges Act. This draconian attempt to install sweeping changes to the federal judiciary to always rule in favor of the Federalists was now at issue. This included a reduction in the number of Justices from six to five to prevent Jefferson from appointing a Justice when the next vacancy in the court arose.\nThe incumbent Chief Justice Oliver Ellsworth was in poor health, and Adams tried to stack the court by offering the seat to ex-Chief Justice John Jay who declined on the grounds that the court lacked “energy, weight, and dignity.” Jay’s letter arrived on January 20, 1801, and there was little time left.\nAdams turned to Secretary of State John Marshall who accepted the nomination immediately. At first, the Senate was delayed in hopes that Adams would make a different choice. Nonetheless, the Senate had no choice and confirmed Marshall on January 27, 1801. He was sworn in on January 31, 1801, and officially took office on February 4, 1801. The strange rush meant that Marshall continued to serve as Secretary of State until Adams’ term expired on March 4, 1801, thereby overlapping Marshall’s two positions of Chief Justice and Secretary of State.\nMarshall became the longest presiding Chief Justice during the administrations of six presidents: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Jackson. Marshall remained an advocate of Federalism, and, in this capacity, he was the nemesis of the Jeffersonian school of government throughout its tenure. On July 4, 1826, at the age of 90, John Adams lay on his deathbed while the country celebrated Independence Day. His last words were, “Thomas Jefferson still survives.” But Jefferson had died five hours earlier at Monticello at the age of 82. This, nonetheless, illustrated the battle between Federalist and Jeffersonians who believed in state rights and freedom.\nMarshall was faced with the fact that the Constitution’s framers left the Supreme Court’s existence and scope of power very ambiguous. For the first three presidential election cycles, there were few matters of any practical concern with regard to law. The midst of this political crisis of 1800 threatened a political revolution, not necessarily among the people, but among the elites. This confrontation led to Marshall’s landmark decision known as the case of Marbury v Madison.\nAdams attempted to stuff the courts with Federalist judges. A handful of commissions for Justice of the Peace remained undelivered when incoming Democratic-Republican President Thomas Jefferson came to office. Jefferson ordered his secretary of state, James Madison, not to deliver any of these appointments since they were clearly political. One disgruntled office seeker, William Marbury, sued to have his commission honored. Marshall denied Marbury his commission because the Act of Congress underlying the suit unconstitutionally sought to expand the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction beyond what it was intended. The case established that “it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.” Marshall further wrote, “If two laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each.” Strangely, Marshall had to rule against the powers of the Court itself.\nThis epic battle of Marbury v Madison illustrates that law has never really been law. The fight to install judges who will rule in favor of one side or the other proves there are serious problems with law. Obviously, politicians should never appoint judges. Secondly, the fate of any person should never lie in the ambiguous words of statutes. Any law, when enacted, should be passed to a Constitutional Court to interpret what that law means, which becomes binding BEFORE it is applied to anyone. Until we are ready to reform the Judiciary, there will never be any rule of law. Moreover, judges should never have life tenure. Judges should have one term and then they’re out. They must be subject to the same laws they declare.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Home > Amethyst (Molecule of the Month for January 2000 )\nclick on the picture above\nAmethyst's importance originates in antiquity.\nIn the Bible\nan amethyst is worn on the breastplate of Aaron, the high priest of the Hebrews. This amethyst represented the prophet Math, who was filled with the desire to please God and who had the gift of tongues.\nIn Greek mythology\nDionysus, the god of wine and song, was angry and vowed to slay the first mortal who crossed his path. That unlucky mortal was Amethyst, a beautiful maiden.\nHowever, Artemis (goddess of virginity and the hunt) intervened and transformed Amethyst into white stone. When Dionysus saw what had happened, he repented and poured wine over the stone, staining the top of it purple. That is why the top of amethyst is purple and the bottom is white.\nThough the story has other variations such as: The Goddess Diana transformed a beautiful young maiden, Amethyst, into a statue of pure quartz in an effort to protect her from vicious tigers created by the vengeful God, Dionysus. Dionysus having looked upon the results of his actions wept remorseful tears of wine upon the statue endowing the stone with the rich purple hue we know today. Dionysus as it happens was the God of Intoxication\nIn folklore and mythology\namethyst has many supernatural powers.\nAmethyst purportedly Brings luck, Ensures constancy, Protects against magic, Prevents home-sickness, Protects against drunkenness, (the Greek word amethustos means \"not drunk\")\nLeonardo da Vinci wrote that the gem dissipates evil thoughts and quickens the intelligence -- high praise indeed.\nAmethyst is a variety of quartz with purple coloration which is caused by impurities of iron or manganese.\nColor: Amethyst occurs in a wide range of purple shades. Index of refraction: 1.544-1.553 Birefringence: 0.009. The purple color can be throughout or can be in bands with white quartz.\nIts color and beauty are without rival, even from other much more expensive purple gems. Purple is the color of royalty. The rich and powerful have worn it as a mark of rank for hundreds of years. Even today as an affordable gem available in a wide selection of cut stones it has a regal air.\nAmethyst is found in many areas around the world, including Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, Africa, and Russia. In the United States, Amethyst can be found in Montana, Arizona, Colorado, Maine, and New Jersey.\nIn Canada, Amethyst is found near Thunder Bay and in Nova Scotia. One typical feature of Amethyst from Thunder Bay is its reddish coloration, caused by an internal coating of red hematite (iron).\nRussian stones ( form the Urals) are very clear and dark. They are cut for fine expensive gemstones and gave rise to the term Siberian to indicate the very best Amethyst. Uruguayan and Bahain represent high medium and low grades, regardless of the source.\nAmethyst crystals are hexagonal and can occur as tall prismatic crystals or short stubby ones (Crystal system: trigonal). The crystals often have horizontal striations on their sides or faces. Hardness: 7 Cleavage: none\nAmethyst is often cut as brilliant round and/or oval stones to maximize the color. Other cuts are used when the crystal shape would not yield a fine oval or round.\nAmethyst is one of several gem quartz varieties. The others are :\nCitrine. A yellow to orange variety, rare in nature but often created by heating Amethyst.\nRock crystal, a clear stone, occasionaly used as a gem.\nRose quartz, a pink stone, sometimes cut as a cabochon.\nSmoky quartz, the brown to gray quartz stones, sometimes in error called smoky topaz.\nQuartz (Amethyst) is a low pressure/temperature polymorph of SiO2. At high temperatures, quartz exists in the beta form, with hexagonal symmetry. At lower temperatures there is a displacive phase transition to a distorted structure with trigonal symmetry (alpha form).\nIf you have Apple's QuickTime software click here to see an interactive QTVR crystal of Amethyst.\nFormal Chemical Name (IUPAC)\nUpdate by Karl Harrison\n(Molecule of the Month for January 2000 )", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Strategies to Effectively Communicate with\nSomeone who has Alzheimer’s or Dementia\nIf you have experience caring for someone with Alzheimer’s or dementia, you know that confusion can surface in so many ways: One day, a person forgets where they put her car keys; the next day, they forget what the family car looks like; and the next day they forget how to turn the ignition.\nWhen communicating with someone who has Alzheimer’s or dementia it is far more important to focus on our reaction to them than to worry about what exactly the person is confused or forgetful about. If we are not careful, it is easy to feel frustrated or annoyed with the person and this can translate into a negative feedback cycle that magnifies the issue.\nHere we cover five strategies that can help you more effectively communicate with someone who has Alzheimer’s or dementia:\n#1: Do not try to “right” the “wrong”\nWhen someone says something that is seemingly outrageous or that you know to be false, it is often instinctual to correct them. For instance, a woman I recently spoke with was telling me a story about her cousin who recently passed away. “You wouldn’t believe it,” she started to tell me, “but my cousin lived until she was three-hundred and six years old.” Instead of correcting her assertion or responding with laughter or ridicule, I simply validated her own feelings and agreed that it was quite remarkable. By giving her a minute to gather herself she was able to re-think what she said and correct it to one-hundred and three years old (which I knew to be true prior to this conversation).\nWhen communicating with someone who has Alzheimer’s or dementia, be aware that they are often simply unable to accept your attempts at reasoning. Trying to convince the person that what he or she has said is wrong or illogical will only cause defensiveness – to avoid embarrassment or to deflect a threat to their sanity, often expressed as an outburst of anger.\nThis can be especially in early-stage of Alzheimer’s or dementia, a person can be aware that he or she is growing forgetful, put yourself in his or her shoes: what would it feel like to know that what you say and think may not be true and accurate?\n#2: Respect routines\nWhile many elderly people maintain routines over many years, a person experiencing confusion related to dementia or Alzheimer’s may develop new routines, some to help ease anxiety or create a kind of purpose. Some simple routines can be both beneficial and harmless: always keeping their reading glasses in the same spot (even though it is the top drawer of the dresser between a month-old newspaper and a pile of illegible notes!) or running the dishwasher after each meal with only two or three dishes in it.\nActions that may seem bizarre or unconventional to us may provide a confused person with purpose and control. Effectively caring for someone with Alzheimer’s or dementia is in part about challenging ourselves to adapt to behaviors unlike any we have seen before in that person. If the person is safe and seems to be calmed by certain tasks, it is often okay to allow these routines to take root.\n#3: Encourage Independence\nWhen it becomes apparent that a family member or friend is declining in their ability to take care of themselves, it can be difficult for everyone. Someone who once took care of a household, held a job, or raised a family cannot do something as simple as pour a glass of water or get dressed for the day. Take note of what the person can do instead of what they cannot do, encourage these activities and allow independence as to how they are done, no matter the length of time it takes, or where it occurs (within reason!).\nMemories are precious for someone who is losing their memory. The ability to spontaneously recall memories may be lost over time, but triggering someone’s mind with old photographs, music, stories, or reminders of places can evoke a sense of not only gratification but belonging. Similarly, he or she may have a few vivid memories – listening to a story repeated multiple times may be less than exciting for you, but the ability to tell a story for that person is more than gratifying.\n#5: Be aware of yourself\nIf a person is confused, and especially if they are unsure of who you are, the first thing they resort to is appearance – analyzing your body language, tone of voice, and general demeanor. Speaking in a low, calm voice and sitting with an open stature may help them feel at ease, therefore lessening any threats or negative feelings toward you. This will subsequently establish a sense of trust, hopefully easing the challenge of openly communicating with you. This may be a greater-than-expected challenge. Remember that regardless of who the person is and how deep his or her confusion lies, you can find ways to demonstrate that you continue to acknowledge him or her as a capable, respectable person and not just a confused person.\nAlvita Care is a premier provider of in-home care services designed to enhance the well-being, independence and dignity of our clients. We understand the challenges of caring for a loved one who suffers from Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. Contact us today\nWe Have Special Skills for Helping Patients with Alzheimer’s or dementia:\nOur caregivers are available to assist with personal care, household services, respite and/or companion care while bringing exceptional compassion, skills and knowledge about Alzheimer’s and dementia to our clients.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I've been spending some time recently planning our financial literacy course for next year. It's based on the book Raising Financially Fit Kids. I reviewed it on the blog here. There are probably a number of curricula offerings for financial literacy in the homeschooling world, but after glancing through the book again I was confident I could put something together that fit the Charlotte Mason philosophy (not that I'm an expert), fit our family's needs, and could be extended through not just this coming school year but every year.\nWe've never done anything regularly on financial literacy before. I decided to start with the first set of Basic Money Skills for 5-8 year olds. Joline Godfrey outlines activities and books for each skill as well as good books for parents or teachers to read so we can understand them ourselves. I simply went through the recommendations and chose a book and an activity or two for each skill. We're going to go through all ten skills reading a book for each one (generally one book per week), then go through all ten skills again with activities pertinent to our family and First Son. I love this plan because we'll be reading lots of books (hooray!) and because it allows us to cycle through the skills at least twice in the coming year. Rather than go through them a third time, we're going to read through a book on money - the history of money, how it's made, what it looks like in different countries, and so forth.\nOur library had many of the recommended books and I had a couple myself, but there were a few I couldn't request. It turned out to be difficult to search for children's books on particular money skills. (Shocking, I know.) I found a list from the Ohio credit unions with suggestions that helped a lot in filling in the gaps. I'm still looking for a good book, a living book and preferably a picture book, on borrowing money or using a credit card. Let me know if you have any ideas!\nWe'll be spending 10-15 minutes a week on financial literacy. It's not a lot of time, but it will be dedicated and directed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "New York City’s appetite for energy is immense, making it a revealing case study for how people use — and waste — energy.\n“Midtown Manhattan has more energy use than the whole country of Kenya, and New York state uses more energy than all of sub-Saharan Africa,” said Vijay Modi, a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University. “There is just this intense use of energy in cities like New York.”\nA new project by Modi and graduate student Bianca Howard aims to put the city’s energy consumption on the map. The results of their work are displayed on an interactive map estimating the total annual energy consumption for nearly every building across the five boroughs.\nTheir research allows New Yorkers to get a rough idea of how much energy is used inside their homes, offices and businesses — and it offers a peek into the building next door, down the street and across the city. The goal of the project is to take some of the mystery out of energy usage.\n“You go to the grocery store and you get a bill that tells you how much each item costs, but for the big expenses we pay for energy we don’t have any idea what we are paying for,” said Modi. “We get a bill from Conn Ed for let’s say $150, we don’t know how much of that is to run the refrigerator, the heating, the shower?”\nModi’s map invites users to inspect the city on a block-by-block basis, noticing patterns of which buildings and areas consume more energy than their neighbors. The map shows each property’s energy usage, broken down to heating and cooling, electricity and hot water. It also color codes each building’s annual total energy output, with dark red denoting the largest consumers of energy.\nThe map lists the energy use for every property lot in the city, but the building-level data is an estimate. Actual energy use for any individual building is not public information. The researchers coded the map based on data from the city that tracks average energy use by ZIP code, and then created an estimate for each property based on the type and size of the building.\nStill, Modi said he hoped city residents would see his map as a call to cool their behavior at home. Across the city, 75% of all energy comes from buildings, according to the study, whereas nationwide buildings only account for 40%. (The main reason for the difference: fewer New Yorkers drive.)\n“What I take away from this is that there is so much energy being used for domestic hot water — laundry, showers, dishes,” Modi said. While people might be particularly aware of the high energy demand that comes with summertime air conditioners, “it’s really the year-round uses that we need to look at. That’s the big message here,” he added.\nBut the even bigger culprit in city energy use is commercial real estate. Although two-thirds of city building space is residential, those abodes only account for about half of the energy use –meaning that commercial spaces use far more energy per square foot, Modi said.\nOn the map, the office canyons of Midtown are deep red, indicating the highest degree of energy use, while the largely residential blocks of Harlem and the boroughs beyond Manhattan show cooler shades of yellow and orange.\nIn the future, Modi argues, increased awareness of where energy is going to waste might spur cities to rethink our reliance on a few large power plants.\n“It’s easy to capture what we throw away. What is more difficult is to figure out how to distribute it efficiently,” he said. “Think about if we had more local generators of energy, like on the block or building level. We could more easily capture that wasted heat and use it to heat a nearby building. The technology to do that is not hard.”\nA local energy-generating plan would work particularly well for a landlord who owns a number of properties close together or for large entities, such an office building, hospital or school campus. The scenario is not that far-fetched: Modi said universities are working on local energy generation and sharing.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Oral hygiene is important in the early years to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Regular Dental check-ups with your dentist and dental therapist help to prevent and treat decay before it causes any major issues.\nChildren are afraid of doctor’s visit. Children should start to visit the dental practice as young as possible, so bring them along with you to your check-ups. A child’s first visit to the dentist should be enjoyable and positive. The more you and your child know about the first visit, the better you will feel. We want you to feel at ease from the moment your family arrives at our clinic. We want all of our new patients to have a fun, exciting, interesting, and educational experience at their first dental visit.\nChildren’s teeth begin forming before birth. As early as 4 months, the first primary (baby) teeth to erupt through the gums are the lower central incisors, followed closely by the upper central incisors. It is important that your child’s newly-erupted teeth (erupting at 6-12 months of age) receive proper dental care and benefit from proper oral hygiene habits right from the beginning. Although all 20 primary teeth usually appear by age 3, the pace and order of their eruption varies. Permanent teeth begin appearing around age 6, starting with the first molars and lower central incisors. This process continues until approximately age 21.\nDr. Sanjana Anand Memorial Dental Aesthetica & ENT Clinic offers services including:\n- Fluoride Fillings\n- Kids Root Canal Treatment\n- Fluoride Applications\n- Conscious sedation for kids\nThorough tooth brushing and flossing practices are the best ways to prevent cavities and periodontal disease, and there are places in your mouth that are difficult to reach even with regular brushing and flossing. A professional cleaning by our registered dental professional will ensure the very best removal of plaque in those hard-to-reach places.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "‘Full-stack’ refers to both parts of the application, meaning development of front- and back-end. In most cases, back-end includes more technologies than the front end.\nSoftware development has never been cheap. Nowadays, companies are looking for ways to optimize their tech processes without blowing up the budget. One of the ways to do it is to hire a team of developers that can handle end-to-end development within a single unit – a full stack team. In this article, we are going to discuss the pros and cons of such teams, as well as explore the cases when such teams are the most effective.\nWhen did this notion emerge?\nThis notion of full-stack teams and full-stack developers first emerged in the late 1990s with the introduction of the world wide web. With the introduction of the Internet, many major enterprise solutions had to create web clients for their products, e.g. ERM & ERP systems that needed web access instead of desktop apps. It was common practice to add web clients to an existing solution since the development of a web client was cheaper than C/C++ desktop solution.\nAt that time two new terms appeared: back end and front end. Back end is the name of the server-side of the system. The front end is the client on the user’s site, be it a website, a mobile client, or both.\nIn the case of this article, we’ll take a look at the back-end as a vendor of data for the web or mobile client (sophisticated crawlers or data science applications are not included).\nWhat is a full-stack team?\nDepending on how you divide the scope of work, the definition of full-stack may vary. Basically, there are two ways to deal with the tasks at hand. Since the application can be sliced into layers, the layer represents a single subsystem (usually based on one technology). For example, a web-client, a server-application, and a database. The development teams can be divided in two ways:\n- The teams develop only one or two layers (front-end team, back-end team);\n- The work is feature-based, the team develops all layers of an application (from end to end).\nThe second option is called a full-stack team since the team covers all tech stack of the application.\nOn the contrary, a full-stack developer is an expert who can work on every part of the application development. A full-stack developer has skills for both front-end, back-end, and (in most cases) database development.\nSo, should a company go for a full-stack team or a full-stack developer? We do not believe it should be one or the other. Rather, it depends on the operating model of your company.\nValue of a full-stack team for business\nWhen your business needs an MVP, and time-to-market is limited, the last thing you need is to spend weeks on communication or scope arrangements between teams (including who does what and when). Here’s when a full stack development team is more efficient, allowing you to have:\n- The planning stage is faster, as there is less communication, dependencies, and synchronization involved.\n- Faster development process. If the right methodology is chosen, there’s less fuss about who does what.\n- Better support. If the team is supposed to support the product, the expenses for the full-stack team will be lower as one person can fix many issues.\n- Feature-owning. The dedicated development team has a better understanding of business needs and domain knowledge, resulting in a better understanding of requirements, easier bug fixing, and improved knowledge sharing.\n- Less bureaucracy. When the project has multiple teams, often they have a hard time deciding ‘who’s fault was it’ and who has to fix it.\nFull-stack teams vs full-stack developers\nWhether to go for a full-stack developer or a team of specialists depends on such things as project size, type of the solution required, and most of all – your budget. Based on the type of project (especially if you need an MVP), evaluate your options carefully to decide whether you need a whole team or it will be an overkill. Let’s take a closer look at the pros and cons of both options.\nTypically, this is what a full-stack developer should be capable of:\n- developing and designing features end-to-end;\n- adding some automation tests to reduce development (in most cases this reduces QA efforts for happy passes);\n- arranging the backlog, dealing with tech debt and separating general codebase;\n- communicating with the PO and stakeholders.\nOn the bright side, a full stack developer is a much cheaper option compared to a team. Moreover, a full-stack developer is easier to manage. However, the code quality may suffer (due to the lack of code review*) and they may have broad, but shallow knowledge.\n*code review is a part of a quality assurance process in software development when another developer(s) or tech lead reviews the code to ensure it follows the best practices.\nLet’s look at the advantages and disadvantages of both kinds of developers.\nFull-stack teams pros\n- Faster development process;\n- Higher quality;\n- Effective support of the product;\n- Low bus factor.\nFull-stack teams cons\n- Higher costs compared to a full-stack developer;\n- Potentially longer staffing process.\nFull-stack developer pros\n- Lower costs of services;\n- Easier management (compared to a team);\n- Potential for scalability*\n* In cases MVP proves to be successful, it’s easier to scale up as there will be a person who understands business needs well.\nFull-stack developer cons\n- Code quality can be lower (lack of code review);\n- Higher ‘bus factor’;\n- Knowledge depth might be a problem.\nFactors to consider when choosing between a full-stack team and a full-stack developer\nNow that we have looked at the differences, pros, and cons, we want to know whom to choose. The choice very much depends on the project criteria, that is:\n- Project budget: if you have a limited budget, a full-stack developer would be an apt choice. However, in other instances, we recommend hiring a full-stack team.\n- Project scope: The decision between a single developer and a team depends on the amount of work that needs to be done.\n- Project size: If you have a small scale project, choosing a full-stack developer is justified. Otherwise, a full-stack team is recommended for a large scale project.\n- Project quality: A single developer simply cannot see their own mistakes or might lack the knowledge about industry standards or best solutions.\n- Product support: If further support of a project is required, a single developer won’t be able to handle both the development of new features and support of an existing part.\nIs a full-stack team the right solution for your case?\nShould every organization go for a full-stack team? Or more importantly, is a full-stack team a modern IT utopia?\nSeveral aspects determine the best choice for every organization. A full-stack team is the best option in the following instances:\n- Your budget allows hiring a dedicated development team;\n- Your business processes allow the introduction of a full-stack team (in large enterprises with a vertical development structure it might be hard to introduce a full stack team);\n- You have a scope of work for a full-stack (e.g. when you have a public API, and you don’t need a web client, you don’t need a full-stack team).\nWhether your organization should hire a full-stack team or a full-stack developer is a matter of choice. Now that we have looked at the advantages and disadvantages of both choices, your decision should be based on your budget, project complexity and size, and urgency, among other things. Finally, it should be noted that most organizations turn to full-stack teams to build both their Minimum Viable Product (MVP) and fully-fledged business solutions.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "(Originally published in Commentary, February 1, 1965)\nI. The decade spanned by the 1954 Supreme Court decision on school desegregation and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 will undoubtedly be recorded as the period in which the legal foundations of racism in America were destroyed. To be sure, pockets of resistance remain; but it would be hard to quarrel with the assertion that the elaborate legal structure of segregation and discrimination, particularly in relation to public accommodations, has virtually collapsed. On the other hand, without making light of the human sacrifices involved in the direct-action tactics (sit-ins, freedom rides, and the rest) that were so instrumental to this achievement, we must recognize that in desegregating public accommodations, we affected institutions which are relatively peripheral both to the American socio-economic order and to the fundamental conditions of life of the Negro people. In a highly industrialized, 20th-century civilization, we hit Jim Crow precisely where it was most anachronistic, dispensable, and vulnerable—in hotels, lunch counters, terminals, libraries, swimming pools, and the like. For in these forms, Jim Crow does impede the flow of commerce in the broadest sense: it is a nuisance in a society on the move (and on the make). Not surprisingly, therefore, it was the most mobility-conscious and relatively liberated groups in the Negro community—lower-middle-class college students—who launched the attack that brought down this imposing but hollow structure.\nThe term “classical” appears especially apt for this phase of the civil rights movement. But in the few years that have passed since the first flush of sit-ins, several developments have taken place that have complicated matters enormously. One is the shifting focus of the movement in the South, symbolized by Birmingham; another is the spread of the revolution to the North; and the third, common to the other two, is the expansion of the movement’s base in the Negro community. To attempt to disentangle these three strands is to do violence to reality. David Danzig’s perceptive article, “The Meaning of Negro Strategy,” correctly saw in the Birmingham events the victory of the concept of collective struggle over individual achievement as the road to Negro freedom. And Birmingham remains the unmatched symbol of grass-roots protest involving all strata of the black community. It was also in this most industrialized of Southern cities that the single-issue demands of the movement’s classical stage gave way to the “package deal.” No longer were Negroes satisfied with integrating lunch counters. They now sought advances in employment, housing, school integration, police protection, and so forth.\nThus, the movement in the South began to attack areas of discrimination which were not so remote from the Northern experience as were Jim Crow lunch counters. At the same time, the interrelationship of these apparently distinct areas became increasingly evident. What is the value of winning access to public accommodations for those who lack money to use them? The minute the movement faced this question, it was compelled to expand its vision beyond race relations to economic relations, including the role of education in modern society. And what also became clear is that all these interrelated problems, by their very nature, are not soluble by private, voluntary efforts but require government action—or politics. Already Southern demonstrators had recognized that the most effective way to strike at the police brutality they suffered from was by getting rid of the local sheriff—and that meant political action, which in turn meant, and still means, political action within the Democratic party where the only meaningful primary contests in the South are fought.\nAnd so, in Mississippi, thanks largely to the leadership of Bob Moses, a turn toward political action has been taken. More than voter registration is involved here. A conscious bid for political power is being made, and in the course of that effort a tactical shift is being effected: direct-action techniques are being subordinated to a strategy calling for the building of community institutions or power bases. Clearly, the implications of this shift reach far beyond Mississippi. What began as a protest movement is being challenged to translate itself into a political movement. Is this the right course? And if it is, can the transformation be accomplished?\nII. The very decade which has witnessed the decline of legal Jim Crow has also seen the rise of de facto segregation in our most fundamental socio-economic institutions. More Negroes are unemployed today than in 1954, and the unemployment gap between the races is wider. The median income of Negroes has dropped from 57 per cent to 54 per cent of that of whites. A higher percentage of Negro workers is now concentrated in jobs vulnerable to automation than was the case ten years ago. More Negroes attend de facto segregated schools today than when the Supreme Court handed down its famous decision; while school integration proceeds at a snail’s pace in the South, the number of Northern schools with an excessive proportion of minority youth proliferates. And behind this is the continuing growth of racial slums, spreading over our central cities and trapping Negro youth in a milieu which, whatever its legal definition, sows an unimaginable demoralization. Again, legal niceties aside, a resident of a racial ghetto lives in segregated housing, and more Negroes fall into this category than ever before.\nThese are the facts of life which generate frustration in the Negro community and challenge the civil rights movement. At issue, after all, is not civil rights, strictly speaking, but social and economic conditions. Last summer’s riots were not race riots; they were outbursts of class aggression in a society where class and color definitions are converging disastrously. How can the (perhaps misnamed) civil rights movement deal with this problem?\nBefore trying to answer, let me first insist that the task of the movement is vastly complicated by the failure of many whites of good will to understand the nature of our problem. There is a widespread assumption that the removal of artificial racial barriers should result in the automatic integration of the Negro into all aspects of American life. This myth is fostered by facile analogies with the experience of various ethnic immigrant groups, particularly the Jews. But the analogies with the Jews do not hold for three simple but profound reasons. First, Jews have a long history as a literate people, a resource which has afforded them opportunities to advance in the academic and professional worlds, to achieve intellectual status even in the midst of economic hardship, and to evolve sustaining value systems in the context of ghetto life. Negroes, for the greater part of their presence in this country, were forbidden by law to read or write. Second, Jews have a long history of family stability, the importance of which in terms of aspiration and self-image is obvious. The Negro family structure was totally destroyed by slavery and with it the possibility of cultural transmission (the right of Negroes to marry and rear children is barely a century old). Third, Jews are white and have the option of relinquishing their cultural-religious identity, intermarrying, passing, etc. Negroes, or at least the overwhelming majority of them, do not have this option. There is also a fourth, vulgar reason. If the Jewish and Negro communities are not comparable in terms of education, family structure, and color, it is also true that their respective economic roles bear little resemblance.\nThis matter of economic role brings us to the greater problem—the fact that we are moving into an era in which the natural functioning of the market does not by itself ensure every man with will and ambition a place in the productive process. The immigrant who came to this country during the late 19th and early 20th centuries entered a society which was expanding territorially and/or economically. It was then possible to start at the bottom, as an unskilled or semi-skilled worker, and move up the ladder, acquiring new skills along the way. Especially was this true when industrial unionism was burgeoning, giving new dignity and higher wages to organized workers. Today the situation has changed. We are not expanding territorially, the western frontier is settled, labor organizing has leveled off, our rate of economic growth has been stagnant for a decade. And we are in the midst of a technological revolution which is altering the fundamental structure of the labor force, destroying unskilled and semi-skilled jobs—jobs in which Negroes are disproportionately concentrated.\nWhatever the pace of this technological revolution may be, the direction is clear: the lower rungs of the economic ladder are being lopped off. This means that an individual will no longer be able to start at the bottom and work his way up; he will have to start in the middle or on top, and hold on tight. It will not even be enough to have certain specific skills, for many skilled jobs are also vulnerable to automation. A broad educational background, permitting vocational adaptability and flexibility, seems more imperative than ever. We live in a society where, as Secretary of Labor Willard Wirtz puts it, machines have the equivalent of a high school diploma. Yet the average educational attainment of American Negroes is 8.2 years.\nNegroes, of course, are not the only people being affected by these developments. It is reported that there are now 50 per cent fewer unskilled and semi-skilled jobs than there are high school dropouts. Almost one-third of the 26 million young people entering the labor market in the 1960’s will be dropouts. But the percentage of Negro dropouts nationally is 57 per cent, and in New York City, among Negroes 25 years of age or over, it is 68 per cent. They are without a future.\nTo what extent can the kind of self-help campaign recently prescribed by Eric Hoffer in the New York Times Magazine cope with such a situation? I would advise those who think that self-help is the answer to familiarize themselves with the long history of such efforts in the Negro community, and to consider why so many foundered on the shoals of ghetto life. It goes without saying that any effort to combat demoralization and apathy is desirable, but we must understand that demoralization in the Negro community is largely a common-sense response to an objective reality. Negro youths have no need of statistics to perceive, fairly accurately, what their odds are in American society. Indeed, from the point of view of motivation, some of the healthiest Negro youngsters I know are juvenile delinquents: vigorously pursuing the American Dream of material acquisition and status, yet finding the conventional means of attaining it blocked off, they do not yield to defeatism but resort to illegal (and often ingenious) methods. They are not alien to American culture. They are, in Gunnar Myrdal’s phrase, “exaggerated Americans.” To want a Cadillac is not un-American; to push a cart in the garment center is. If Negroes are to be persuaded that the conventional path (school, work, etc.) is superior, we had better provide evidence which is now sorely lacking. It is a double cruelty to harangue Negro youth about education and training when we do not know what jobs will be available for them. When a Negro youth can reasonably foresee a future free of slums, when the prospect of gainful employment is realistic, we will see motivation and self-help in abundant enough quantities.\nMeanwhile, there is an ironic similarity between the self-help advocated by many liberals and the doctrines of the Black Muslims. Professional sociologists, psychiatrists, and social workers have expressed amazement at the Muslims’ success in transforming prostitutes and dope addicts into respectable citizens. But every prostitute the Muslims convert to a model of Calvinist virtue is replaced by the ghetto with two more. Dedicated as they are to maintenance of the ghetto, the Muslims are powerless to affect substantial moral reform. So too with every other group or program which is not aimed at the destruction of slums, their causes and effects. Self-help efforts, directly or indirectly, must be geared to mobilizing people into power units capable of effecting social change. That is, their goal must be genuine self-help, not merely self-improvement. Obviously, where self-improvement activities succeed in imparting to their participants a feeling of some control over their environment, those involved may find their appetites for change whetted; they may move into the political arena.\nIII. Let me sum up what I have thus far been trying to say: the civil rights movement is evolving from a protest movement into a full-fledged social movement—an evolution calling its very name into question. It is now concerned not merely with removing the barriers to full opportunity but with achieving the fact of equality. From sit-ins and freedom rides we have gone into rent strikes, boycotts, community organization, and political action. As a consequence of this natural evolution, the Negro today finds himself stymied by obstacles of far greater magnitude than the legal barriers he was attacking before: automation, urban decay, de facto school segregation. These are problems which, while conditioned by Jim Crow, do not vanish upon its demise. They are more deeply rooted in our socio-economic order; they are the result of the total society’s failure to meet not only the Negro’s needs, but human needs generally.\nThese propositions have won increasing recognition and acceptance, but with a curious twist. They have formed the common premise of two apparently contradictory lines of thought which simultaneously nourish and antagonize each other. On the one hand, there is the reasoning of the New York Times moderate who says that the problems are so enormous and complicated that Negro militancy is a futile irritation, and that the need is for “intelligent moderation.” Thus, during the first New York school boycott, the Times editorialized that Negro demands, while abstractly just, would necessitate massive reforms, the funds for which could not realistically be anticipated; therefore the just demands were also foolish demands and would only antagonize white people. Moderates of this stripe are often correct in perceiving the difficulty or impossibility of racial progress in the context of present social and economic policies. But they accept the context as fixed. They ignore (or perhaps see all too well) the potentialities inherent in linking Negro demands to broader pressures for radical revision of existing policies. They apparently see nothing strange in the fact that in the last twenty-five years we have spent nearly a trillion dollars fighting or preparing for wars, yet throw up our hands before the need for overhauling our schools, clearing the slums, and really abolishing poverty. My quarrel with these moderates is that they do not even envision radical changes; their admonitions of moderation are, for all practical purposes, admonitions to the Negro to adjust to the status quo, and are therefore immoral.\nThe more effectively the moderates argue their case, the more they convince Negroes that American society will not or cannot be reorganized for full racial equality. Michael Harrington has said that a successful war on poverty might well require the expenditure of a $100 billion. Where, the Negro wonders, are the forces now in motion to compel such a commitment? If the voices of the moderates were raised in an insistence upon a reallocation of national resources at levels that could not be confused with tokenism (that is, if the moderates stopped being moderates), Negroes would have greater grounds for hope. Meanwhile, the Negro movement cannot escape a sense of isolation.\nIt is precisely this sense of isolation that gives rise to the second line of thought I want to examine—the tendency within the civil rights movement which, despite its militancy, pursues what I call a “no-win” policy. Sharing with many moderates a recognition of the magnitude of the obstacles to freedom, spokesmen for this tendency survey the American scene and find no forces prepared to move toward radical solutions. From this they conclude that the only viable strategy is shock; above all, the hypocrisy of white liberals must be exposed. These spokesmen are often described as the radicals of the movement, but they are really its moralists. They seek to change white hearts—by traumatizing them. Frequently abetted by white self-flagellants, they may gleefully applaud (though not really agreeing with) Malcolm X because, while they admit he has no program, they think he can frighten white people into doing the right thing. To believe this, of course, you must be convinced, even if unconsciously, that at the core of the white man’s heart lies a buried affection for Negroes—a proposition one may be permitted to doubt. But in any case, hearts are not relevant to the issue; neither racial affinities nor racial hostilities are rooted there. It is institutions-social, political, and economic institutions—which are the ultimate molders of collective sentiments. Let these institutions be reconstructed today, and let the ineluctable gradualism of history govern the formation of a new psychology.\nMy quarrel with the “no-win” tendency in the civil rights movement (and the reason I have so designated it) parallels my quarrel with the moderates outside the movement. As the latter lack the vision or will for fundamental change, the former lack a realistic strategy for achieving it. For such a strategy they substitute militancy. But militancy is a matter of posture and volume and not of effect.\nIV. I believe that the Negro’s struggle for equality in America is essentially revolutionary. While most Negroes—in their hearts—unquestionably seek only to enjoy the fruits of American society as it now exists, their quest cannot objectively be satisfied within the framework of existing political and economic relations. The young Negro who would demonstrate his way into the labor market may be motivated by a thoroughly bourgeois ambition and thoroughly “capitalist” considerations, but he will end up having to favor a great expansion of the public sector of the economy. At any rate, that is the position the movement will be forced to take as it looks at the number of jobs being generated by the private economy, and if it is to remain true to the masses of Negroes.\nThe revolutionary character of the Negro’s struggle is manifest in the fact that this struggle may have done more to democratize life for whites than for Negroes. Clearly, it was the sit-in movement of young Southern Negroes which, as it galvanized white students, banished the ugliest features of McCarthyism from the American campus and resurrected political debate. It was not until Negroes assaulted de facto school segregation in the urban centers that the issue of quality education for all children stirred into motion. Finally, it seems reasonably clear that the civil rights movement, directly and through the resurgence of social conscience it kindled, did more to initiate the war on poverty than any other single force.\nIt will be—it has been—argued that these by-products of the Negro struggle are not revolutionary. But the term revolutionary, as I am using it, does not connote violence; it refers to the qualitative transformation of fundamental institutions, more or less rapidly, to the point where the social and economic structure which they comprised can no longer be said to be the same. The Negro struggle has hardly run its course; and it will not stop moving until it has been utterly defeated or won substantial equality. But I fail to see how the movement can be victorious in the absence of radical programs for full employment, abolition of slums, the reconstruction of our educational system, new definitions of work and leisure. Adding up the cost of such programs, we can only conclude that we are talking about a refashioning of our political economy. It has been estimated, for example, that the price of replacing New York City’s slums with public housing would be $17 billion. Again, a multi-billion dollar federal public-works program, dwarfing the currently proposed $2 billion program, is required to reabsorb unskilled and semi-skilled workers into the labor market—and this must be done if Negro workers in these categories are to be employed. “Preferential treatment” cannot help them.\nI am not trying here to delineate a total program, only to suggest the scope of economic reforms which are most immediately related to the plight of the Negro community. One could speculate on their political implications—whether, for example, they do not indicate the obsolescence of state government and the superiority of regional structures as viable units of planning. Such speculations aside, it is clear that Negro needs cannot be satisfied unless we go beyond what has so far been placed on the agenda. How are these radical objectives to be achieved? The answer is simple, deceptively so: through political power.\nThere is a strong moralistic strain in the civil rights movement which would remind us that power corrupts, forgetting that the absence of power also corrupts. But this is not the view I want to debate here, for it is waning. Our problem is posed by those who accept the need for political power but do not understand the nature of the object and therefore lack sound strategies for achieving it; they tend to confuse political institutions with lunch counters.\nA handful of Negroes, acting alone, could integrate a lunch counter by strategically locating their bodies so as directly to interrupt the operation of the proprietor’s will; their numbers were relatively unimportant. In politics, however, such a confrontation is difficult because the interests involved are merely represented. In the execution of a political decision a direct confrontation may ensue (as when federal marshals escorted James Meredith into the University of Mississippi—to turn from an example of non-violent coercion to one of force backed up with the threat of violence). But in arriving at a political decision, numbers and organizations are crucial, especially for the economically disenfranchised. (Needless to say, I am assuming that the forms of political democracy exist in America, however imperfectly, that they are valued, and that elitist or putschist conceptions of exercising power are beyond the pale of discussion for the civil rights movement.)\nNeither that movement nor the country’s twenty million black people can win political power alone. We need allies. The future of the Negro struggle depends on whether the contradictions of this society can be resolved by a coalition of progressive forces which becomes the effective political majority in the United States. I speak of the coalition which staged the March on Washington, passed the Civil Rights Act, and laid the basis for the Johnson landslide—Negroes, trade unionists, liberals, and religious groups.\nV. There are those who argue that a coalition strategy would force the Negro to surrender his political independence to white liberals, that he would be neutralized, deprived of his cutting edge, absorbed into the Establishment. Some who take this position urged last year that votes be withheld from the Johnson-Humphrey ticket as a demonstration of the Negro’s political power. Curiously enough, these people who sought to demonstrate power through the non-exercise of it, also point to the Negro “swing vote” in crucial urban areas as the source of the Negro’s independent political power. But here they are closer to being right: the urban Negro vote will grow in importance in the coming years. If there is anything positive in the spread of the ghetto, it is the potential political power base thus created, and to realize this potential is one of the most challenging and urgent tasks before the civil rights movement. If the movement can wrest leadership of the ghetto vote from the machines, it will have acquired an organized constituency such as other major groups in our society now have.\nBut we must also remember that the effectiveness of a swing vote depends solely on “other” votes. It derives its power from them. In that sense, it can never be “independent,” but must opt for one candidate or the other, even if by default. Thus coalitions are inescapable, however tentative they may be. And this is the case in all but those few situations in which Negroes running on an independent ticket might conceivably win. “Independence,” in other words, is not a value in itself. The issue is which coalition to join and how to make it responsive to your program. Necessarily there will be compromise. But the difference between expediency and morality in politics is the difference between selling out a principle and making smaller concessions to win larger ones. The leader who shrinks from this task reveals not his purity but his lack of political sense.\nThe task of molding a political movement out of the March on Washington coalition is not simple, but no alternatives have been advanced. We need to choose our allies on the basis of common political objectives. It has become fashionable in some no-win Negro circles to decry the white liberal as the main enemy (his hypocrisy is what sustains racism); by virtue of this reverse recitation of the reactionary’s litany (liberalism leads to socialism, which leads to Communism) the Negro is left in majestic isolation, except for a tiny band of fervent white initiates. But the objective fact is that Eastland and Goldwater are the main enemies—they and the opponents of civil rights, of the war on poverty, of medicare, of social security, of federal aid to education, of unions, and so forth. The labor movement, despite its obvious faults, has been the largest single organized force in this country pushing for progressive social legislation. And where the Negro-labor-liberal axis is weak, as in the farm belt, it was the religious groups that were most influential in rallying support for the Civil Rights Bill.\nThe durability of the coalition was interestingly tested during the election. I do not believe that the Johnson landslide proved the “white backlash” to be a myth. It proved, rather, that economic interests are more fundamental than prejudice: the backlashers decided that loss of social security was, after all, too high a price to pay for a slap at the Negro. This lesson was a valuable first step in re-educating such people, and it must be kept alive, for the civil rights movement will be advanced only to the degree that social and economic welfare gets to be inextricably entangled with civil rights.\nThe 1964 elections marked a turning point in American politics. The Democratic landslide was not merely the result of a negative reaction to Goldwaterism; it was also the expression of a majority liberal consensus. The near unanimity with which Negro voters joined in that expression was, I am convinced, a vindication of the July 25th statement by Negro leaders calling for a strategic turn toward political action and a temporary curtailment of mass demonstrations. Despite the controversy surrounding the statement, the instinctive response it met with in the community is suggested by the fact that demonstrations were down 75 per cent as compared with the same period in 1963. But should so high a percentage of Negro voters have gone to Johnson, or should they have held back to narrow his margin of victory and thus give greater visibility to our swing vote? How has our loyalty changed things? Certainly the Negro vote had higher visibility in 1960, when a switch of only 7 per cent from the Republican column of 1956 elected President Kennedy. But the slimness of Kennedy’s victory—of his “mandate”—dictated a go-slow approach on civil rights, at least until the Birmingham upheaval.\nAlthough Johnson’s popular majority was so large that he could have won without such overwhelming Negro support, that support was important from several angles. Beyond adding to Johnson’s total national margin, it was specifically responsible for his victories in Virginia, Florida, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Goldwater took only those states where fewer than 45 per cent of eligible Negroes were registered. That Johnson would have won those states had Negro voting rights been enforced is a lesson not likely to be lost on a man who would have been happy with a unanimous electoral college. In any case, the 1.6 million Southern Negroes who voted have had a shattering impact on the Southern political party structure, as illustrated in the changed composition of the Southern congressional delegation. The “backlash” gave the Republicans five House seats in Alabama, one in Georgia, and one in Mississippi. But on the Democratic side, seven segregationists were defeated while all nine Southerners who voted for the Civil Rights Act were re-elected. It may be premature to predict a Southern Democratic party of Negroes and white moderates and a Republican Party of refugee racists and economic conservatives, but there certainly is a strong tendency toward such a realignment; and an additional 3.6 million Negroes of voting age in the eleven Southern states are still to be heard from. Even the tendency toward disintegration of the Democratic party’s racist wing defines a new context for Presidential and liberal strategy in the congressional battles ahead. Thus the Negro vote (North as well as South), while not decisive in the Presidential race, was enormously effective. It was a dramatic element of a historic mandate which contains vast possibilities and dangers that will fundamentally affect the future course of the civil rights movement.\nThe liberal congressional sweep raises hope for an assault on the seniority system, Rule Twenty-two, and other citadels of Dixiecrat-Republican power. The overwhelming of this conservative coalition should also mean progress on much bottlenecked legislation of profound interest to the movement (e.g., bills by Senators Clark and Nelson on planning, manpower, and employment). Moreover, the irrelevance of the South to Johnson’s victory gives the President more freedom to act than his predecessor had and more leverage to the movement to pressure for executive action in Mississippi and other racist strongholds.\nVI. None of this guarantees vigorous executive or legislative action, for the other side of the Johnson landslide is that it has a Gaullist quality. Goldwater’s capture of the Republican party forced into the Democratic camp many disparate elements which do not belong there, Big Business being the major example. Johnson, who wants to be President “of all people,” may try to keep his new coalition together by sticking close to the political center. But if he decides to do this, it is unlikely that even his political genius will be able to hold together a coalition so inherently unstable and rife with contradictions. It must come apart. Should it do so while Johnson is pursuing a centrist course, then the mandate will have been wastefully dissipated. However, if the mandate is seized upon to set fundamental changes in motion, then the basis can be laid for a new mandate, a new coalition including hitherto inert and dispossessed strata of the population.\nHere is where the cutting edge of the civil rights movement can be applied. We must see to it that the reorganization of the “consensus party” proceeds along lines which will make it an effective vehicle for social reconstruction, a role it cannot play so long as it furnishes Southern racism with its national political power. (One of Barry Goldwater’s few attractive ideas was that the Dixiecrats belong with him in the same party.) And nowhere has the civil rights movement’s political cutting edge been more magnificently demonstrated than at Atlantic City, where the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party not only secured recognition as a bona fide component of the national party, but in the process routed the representatives of the most rabid racists—the white Mississippi and Alabama delegations. While I still believe that the FDP made a tactical error in spurning the compromise, there is no question that they launched a political revolution whose logic is the displacement of Dixiecrat power. They launched that revolution within a major political institution and as part of a coalitional effort.\nThe role of the civil rights movement in the reorganization of American political life is programmatic as well as strategic. We are challenged now to broaden our social vision, to develop functional programs with concrete objectives. We need to propose alternatives to technological unemployment, urban decay, and the rest. We need to be calling for public works and training, for national economic planning, for federal aid to education, for attractive public housing—all this on a sufficiently massive scale to make a difference. We need to protest the notion that our integration into American life, so long delayed, must now proceed in an atmosphere of competitive scarcity instead of in the security of abundance which technology makes possible. We cannot claim to have answers to all the complex problems of modern society. That is too much to ask of a movement still battling barbarism in Mississippi. But we can agitate the right questions by probing at the contradictions which still stand in the way of the “Great Society.” The questions having been asked, motion must begin in the larger society, for there is a limit to what Negroes can do alone.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our planet is in the midst of an ecological emergency, according to several recent reports. Deteriorating biodiversity is putting food security, economies as well as human health and well-being at risk.\nReversing this ecological decline requires restoration initiatives to incorporate the needs, interests and knowledge of both men and women.\nThis month, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) released a global assessment finding that the health of ecosystems is deteriorating more rapidly than ever.\nThis is happening despite the efforts of several global restoration initiatives. Scientists say that such alliances would be more successful if they were more equitable.\n“Not accounting for gender in restoration is equal to ignoring 50 percent of the population,” said Iliana Monterroso Ibarra, co-coordinator of gender and social inclusion research at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). “On the other hand, restoration processes that include both women and men can learn and benefit from their different knowledge and practices, making the process more efficient.”\nMonterroso and other experts from the CGIAR Research Program on Forest, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) shared research on the value of gender-responsive restoration work during a recent workshop organized by UN-Women and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The workshop set out to gather input for a new, gender-responsive Global Biodiversity Framework, which is to guide the countries adhering to the Convention on Biological Diversity once the current Aichi targets lapse in 2020.\nAccording to Tanya McGregor, gender program officer at the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, there is substantial interest in, and engagement on, addressing gender issues among country parties and stakeholders involved in implementing the convention.\n“We still need to build capacity and clarify what types of objectives and actions may be most appropriate to advance gender-responsive approaches to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the context of the new framework,” she said.\nGender lessons from REDD+\nFTA has long-standing experience with research on incorporating gender dimensions into forest landscape restoration. The program’s research has shown that reaching desired social and environmental outcomes from ecosystem restoration hinges on the contribution and cooperation of the women and men who depend on these ecosystems for their livelihoods.\nAfter more than 15 years of implementation, the REDD+ initiative in particular can provide important clues, according to scientists. Although REDD+ is primarily a mechanism for reducing carbon emissions from forests, it does offer lessons on what implications such a long-term, on-the-ground effort has for gender equality and women’s empowerment.\n“The first lesson to highlight is the need to account for different interests, needs, values and behavior of both men and women around land and resources. For example, we have learned that so-called gender-neutral initiatives – really meaning initiatives that ignore the issue – risk perpetuating social differences and creating inequities,” Monterroso said.\nAlso, excluding either men or women will influence their willingness to participate over time, risking not only opportunities to strengthen their livelihoods, but also the potential for sustainable restoration.\nThe second lesson is related to putting in place the right safeguards to increase the chances for successful implementation of the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Such measures include understanding whether women and men have secure rights to the land being restored, making sure that restoration work does not rely disproportionately on women’s labor, and finally recognizing existing governance structures that determine how men and women participate in decision-making processes.\n“Ensuring the participation of all kinds of groups allows for an implementation that provides more benefits on the ground, not accumulating only for some,” Monterroso said.\nStarting points for biodiversity conservation\nUnderstanding and acknowledging the importance of gender-responsive restoration work is only the first step. Second comes the question of how to make these insights operational for the countries tasked with implementing the post-2020 framework.\n“We have to be very careful – not only in the design, but also in the implementation – to understand where gender considerations are important,” said Monterroso.\nShe explained that REDD+ experiences show that sometimes, communities and customary practices are actually highly equitable, but it is during the implementation of restoration initiatives that implementing institutions – particularly governments – can introduce inequities. Therefore, building the capacity of government officials is important, as is ensuring that they have the right tools to incorporate gender-responsive methods.\nRelatedly, operationalization of the post-2020 framework is underpinned by selecting the right indicators. They need to be designed to capture data that shows the different roles and contributions women and men have in the process toward meeting the targets, she explained.\n“It is not enough to count how many men and women participate in projects – we need to better understand issues such as unequal access to and control over land and productive resources as well as decision making, not only to be able to assess progress across different dimensions of gender equality but also as part of the moral imperative to leave no one behind” she said.\nFinally, governance structures that implement the framework must themselves have gender equitable and inclusive processes. Monterroso: “To dream big, as they say, we need to make sure that these institutions are 50 percent women and are allocating leadership positions to women.”\nAn inclusive process\nThe FTA team noted that the recent workshop represents the kind of inclusive, multi-stakeholder process necessary to ensure that appropriate gender lessons can be identified, discussed and included going forward. Governments, multilateral and international organizations, research institutions as well as indigenous and women organizations were active in the workshop dialogue, bringing forth the right evidence and underscoring their commitment.\n“The importance of including gender considerations is about more than whether the targets will be met – it’s making sure that we’re making the changes that these broader conventions, like the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Sustainable Development Goals, are calling upon us to promote – to achieve more equitable development that involves everyone in the process.”\nBy Marianne Gadeberg, communications specialist.\nThis work is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA). FTA is the world’s largest research for development program to enhance the role of forests, trees and agroforestry in sustainable development and food security and to address climate change. CIFOR leads FTA in partnership with Bioversity International, CATIE, CIRAD, INBAR, ICRAF and TBI. FTA’s work is supported by the CGIAR Trust Fund.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nellie L. Truxal\nHomeless - Poem by Nellie L. Truxal\nYou, who have no home and no soft place to lay your head,\nDo you have memories to keep you warm on cold dark nights?\nDo you dream of other days when you sheltered in a home\nWith family and friends to share your fire?\nDid you think then of others who lived out on the streets\nBereft of all they once held dear?\nDid you ever think that someday you would end up there?\nNow you wonder, \"How did I come to this?\nWill the world be poorer at my passing? Who will care?\"\nNow tormenting cold seeps through your ragged clothes\nAs nightfall brings its penetrating chill.\nIn the long night hunger adds its pangs to unforgiving stone\nAnd again you wonder, \"How did I come to this?\"\nSometimes a shelter offers food, a bed and a friendly word,\nBut others are uncaring and do not see your pain.\nAs time goes by you die another death each day\nAnd wonder through the depths of your despair,\n\"Will the world be poorer at my passing? Who will care?\"\nComments about Homeless by Nellie L. Truxal\nRead this poem in other languages\nThis poem has not been translated into any other language yet.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Visitors & Friends > News > Releases > Science > Article\nAPRIL 3, 2001\nNews Conference at American Chemical Society meeting in San Diego at 2 p.m., Convention Center 17B.\nImages of silicon\nbioreactor containing liver cells\nCREATE A HOME\nResearchers at the University of California, San Diego have created novel silicon chips with miniature wells similar to those in muffin tins that allow the maintenance of fully functioning liver cells, an important advance for scientists who hope to keep liver cells alive outside of the body.\nTheir achievement, which could lead to new treatments for liver disease and new methods of testing drug toxicity, will be described at a news conference at the American Chemical Society's 221st national meeting in San Diego.\nThe development of this dime-sized, porous silicon \"liver bioreactor\" was the result of a collaboration between chemists in UCSD's Division of Physical Sciences and bioengineers at the university's Jacobs School of Engineering, who suspected that normal liver cells might grow on finely textured surfaces of silicon produced through an electrochemical-etching process.\n\"This is a great example of how interdisciplinary collaborations can contribute to important advances for human health,\" says Michael J. Sailor, a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at UCSD.\n\"We're exploring a new generation of devices in which we can maintain cells by controlling the architecture, temperature and chemical environment, and in which we can use sensors located on the same chip to monitor the health of cells,\" says Sangeeta N. Bhatia, a physician and an assistant professor of bioengineering at UCSD. Because previous research on porous silicon has been restricted to cancerous cell lines, the porous silicon bioreactor will provide an immediate benefit for Bhatia and her colleagues, who can now study and maintain normal liver cells harvested directly from animals.\nIt may also help in the development of future artificial liver devices. Today, five companies have artificial livers in clinical trials worldwide. Intended for patients with end-stage liver disease, these external devices house pig liver cells or cancerous cell lines that act as a bridge to keep patients alive until a donor liver is available for transplant. Maintaining live, functioning liver cells has been a challenge in all of these devices, and Bhatia hopes the silicon bioreactor chips will help shed light on new techniques for successfully maintaining liver cells while using them to process blood.\nWhile cancerous liver\ncells can be easily grown in culture dishes, normal liver cells are much\nmore discriminating. The porous silicon bioreactor design aids in mimicking\nthe conditions found in liver. Individual cells are contained within well-\nTo investigate whether\nnormal liver cells could survive on a porous silicon chip,\nare made by an electrochemical etching process similar to the reaction\nthat causes your car to rust,\" says Boyce E. Collins, a postdoctoral\nstudent in Sailor's laboratory who headed the research to produce the\nporous silicon chips. \"We have developed methods to control this\ncorrosion reaction on\nTo determine the types of pores on which normal liver cells might thrive, Collins and Vicki Chin, a graduate student in Bhatia's laboratory, varied the pore sizes on a single chip and observed where the cells aggregated. This experiment allowed them to determine the surfaces that promoted the adhesion of cells to the bioreactor. The 15-micron diameter wells are constructed using a similar masking technique as the one employed to put circuits on computer chips.\nThe end result is a\nthree-dimensional home for the individual liver cells, allowing the fickle\ncells to come in contact with the porous silicon on all sides, much as\nAlthough her ultimate goal is to develop an artificial liver, Bhatia says one of the first applications for the bioreactor chips will most likely be testing the toxicity of experimental therapeutic drugs. One of the liver's main responsibilities is to break drugs into pieces that can be activated to perform their function or inactivated and then eliminated from the body. In general, the metabolism of a drug by the liver will dictate its clinical value. Bhatia says that by introducing various drugs onto the bioreactor, she can test how the substances are detoxified by the liver cells without the need for whole body animal experiments. She can also test the potential for drug-drug interaction by combining two or more drugs on the bioreactor chip.\nTechniques developed in Sailor's lab to detect biomolecules can be incorporated on the same chip on which cells are growing to detect whether or not the cells are processing the drugs. Using a small laser, the scientists measure slight changes in the rainbow patterns of porous silicon thin films that contain receptors specific to the drug metabolites. Collins says that because so much is known about the chemistry of silicon surfaces from the electronics industry, receptors can be chemically attached to the silicon to sense a variety of drug metabolites. \"These silicon interferometers can detect very, very small changes in color,\" says Sailor. \"If you take a laser that's at the right frequency that matches the properties of that layer, you can measure very small amounts of chemicals as they enter or leave the film.\"\n\"Using Professor Sailor's non-destructive light sensing techniques, we hope to get a continuous readout in real time without destroying the cells,\" says Bhatia. \"This is an important feature for drug discovery and toxicity work. It is also important for development of artificial liver devices because right now we have no way of determining whether the liver cells inside the devices are alive and functioning.\"\nPreviously, the only way to see how cells were doing were to take snapshots in time, either by destroying the cells or by collecting a sample of the solution and testing it using an antibody, a process that could take up to a day.\nThe researchers were\nsupported by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the National Science\nFoundation, and the La Jolla Interfaces in Science Fellowship of the Burroughs\nCopyright ©2001 Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "CostSwanson's law – the PV learning curve\nSolar PV – LCOE for Europe until 2020 (in euro-cts. per kWh)\nEconomic photovoltaic capacity vs installation cost, in the United States\nAdjusting for inflation, it cost $96 per watt for a solar module in the mid-1970s. Process improvements and a very large boost in production have brought that figure down to 68 cents per watt in February 2016, according to data from Bloomberg New Energy Finance. Palo Alto California signed a wholesale purchase agreement in 2016 that secured solar power for 3.7 cents per kilowatt-hour. And in sunny Dubai large-scale solar generated electricity sold in 2016 for just 2.99 cents per kilowatt-hour -- \"competitive with any form of fossil-based electricity — and cheaper than most.\"\nPhotovoltaic systems use no fuel, and modules typically last 25 to 40 years. Thus, capital costs make up most of the cost of solar power. Operations and maintenance costs for new utility-scale solar plants in the US are estimated to be 9 percent of the cost of photovoltaic electricity, and 17 percent of the cost of solar thermal electricity. Governments have created various financial incentives to encourage the use of solar power, such as feed-in tariff programs. Also, Renewable portfolio standards impose a government mandate that utilities generate or acquire a certain percentage of renewable power regardless of increased energy procurement costs. In most states, RPS goals can be achieved by any combination of solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, ocean, geothermal, municipal solid waste, hydroelectric, hydrogen, or fuel cell technologies.\nLevelized cost of electricity\nThe PV industry is beginning to adopt levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) as the unit of cost. The electrical energy generated is sold in units of kilowatt-hours (kWh). As a rule of thumb, and depending on the local insolation, 1 watt-peak of installed solar PV capacity generates about 1 to 2 kWh of electricity per year. This corresponds to a capacity factor of around 10–20%. The product of the local cost of electricity and the insolation determines the break even point for solar power. The International Conference on Solar Photovoltaic Investments, organized by EPIA, has estimated that PV systems will pay back their investors in 8 to 12 years. As a result, since 2006 it has been economical for investors to install photovoltaics for free in return for a long term power purchase agreement. Fifty percent of commercial systems in the United States were installed in this manner in 2007 and over 90% by 2009.\nShi Zhengrong has said that, as of 2012, unsubsidised solar power is already competitive with fossil fuels in India, Hawaii, Italy and Spain. He said \"We are at a tipping point. No longer are renewable power sources like solar and wind a luxury of the rich. They are now starting to compete in the real world without subsidies\". \"Solar power will be able to compete without subsidies against conventional power sources in half the world by 2015\".\nCurrent installation prices\nIn its 2014 edition of the Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) published prices for residential, commercial and utility-scale PV systems for eight major markets as of 2013 (see table below). However, DOE's SunShot Initiativehas reported much lower U.S. installation prices. In 2014, prices continued to decline. The SunShot Initiative modeled U.S. system prices to be in the range of $1.80 to $3.29 per watt. Other sources identify similar price ranges of $1.70 to $3.50 for the different market segments in the U.S., and in the highly penetrated German market, prices for residential and small commercial rooftop systems of up to 100 kW declined to $1.36 per watt (€1.24/W) by the end of 2014. In 2015, Deutsche Bank estimated costs for small residential rooftop systems in the U.S. around $2.90 per watt. Costs for utility-scale systems in China and India were estimated as low as $1.00 per watt.\nTypical PV system prices in 2013 in selected countries (USD)\nUSD/W Australia China France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom United States\nResidential 1.8 1.5 4.1 2.4 2.8 4.2 2.8 4.91\nCommercial 1.7 1.4 2.7 1.8 1.9 3.6 2.4 4.51\nUtility-scale 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.4 1.5 2.9 1.9 3.31\nSource: IEA – Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy report, September 2014':15\n1U.S figures are lower in DOE's Photovoltaic System Pricing Trends\nMain article: Grid parity\nGrid parity, the point at which the cost of photovoltaic electricity is equal to or cheaper than the price of grid power, is more easily achieved in areas with abundant sun and high costs for electricity such as in California and Japan. In 2008, The levelized cost of electricity for solar PV was $0.25/kWh or less in most of the OECD countries. By late 2011, the fully loaded cost was predicted to fall below $0.15/kWh for most of the OECD and to reach $0.10/kWh in sunnier regions. These cost levels are driving three emerging trends: vertical integration of the supply chain, origination of power purchase agreements (PPAs) by solar power companies, and unexpected risk for traditional power generation companies, grid operators and wind turbine manufacturers.[dead link]\nGrid parity was first reached in Spain in 2013, Hawaii and other islands that otherwise use fossil fuel (diesel fuel) to produce electricity, and most of the US is expected to reach grid parity by 2015.[not in citation given]\nIn 2007, General Electric's Chief Engineer predicted grid parity without subsidies in sunny parts of the United States by around 2015; other companies predicted an earlier date: the cost of solar power will be below grid parity for more than half of residential customers and 10% of commercial customers in the OECD, as long as grid electricity prices do not decrease through 2010.\nAffordable Energy Center Along with there affiliates does have the certifications that allows our companies to install High efficient Central Air Conditioning systems with Solar Energy. Most systems we install are top shelve systems that carry 10 year warranty on most parts and compressor. Most Solar Energy Systems will have a life span of 50 years with 10-25 year warranty on collectors and Power inverters! Finance options are available! Please allow our office to assist you in right option that fits your needs. Most HVAC & Solar Packages will have a 10 year break even point!\nHeating Cooling & Solar Energy CAC 1815320\nIn cases of self consumption of the solar energy, the payback time is calculated based on how much electricity is not purchased from the grid. For example, in Germany, with electricity prices of 0.25 €/kWh and insolation of 900 kWh/kW, one kWp will save €225 per year, and with an installation cost of 1700 €/KWp the system cost will be returned in less than seven years. However, in many cases, the patterns of generation and consumption do not coincide, and some or all of the energy is fed back into the grid. The electricity is sold, and at other times when energy is taken from the grid, electricity is bought. The relative costs and prices obtained affect the economics. In many markets, the price paid for sold PV electricity is significantly lower than the price of bought electricity, which incentivizes self consumption. Moreover, separate self consumption incentives have been used in e.g. Germany and Italy. Grid interaction regulation has also included limitations of grid feed-in in some regions in Germany with high amounts of installed PV capacity. By increasing self consumption, the grid feed-in can be limited without curtailment, which wastes electricity.\nA good match between generation and consumption is key for high self consumption, and should be considered when deciding where to install solar power and how to dimension the installation. The match can be improved with batteries or controllable electricity consumption. However, batteries are expensive and profitability may require provision of other services from them besides self consumption increase. Hot water storage tanks with electric heating with heat pumps or resistance heaters can provide low-cost storage for self consumption of solar power. Shiftable loads, such as dishwashers, tumble dryers and washing machines, can provide controllable consumption with only a limited effect on the users, but their effect on self consumption of solar power may be limited.\nEnergy pricing and incentives\nMain article: PV financial incentives\nThe political purpose of incentive policies for PV is to facilitate an initial small-scale deployment to begin to grow the industry, even where the cost of PV is significantly above grid parity, to allow the industry to achieve the economies of scale necessary to reach grid parity. The policies are implemented to promote national energy independence, high tech job creation and reduction of CO2 emissions. Three incentive mechanisms are often used in combination as investment subsidies: the authorities refund part of the cost of installation of the system, the electricity utility buys PV electricity from the producer under a multiyear contract at a guaranteed rate, and Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs)\nWith investment subsidies, the financial burden falls upon the taxpayer, while with feed-in tariffs the extra cost is distributed across the utilities' customer bases. While the investment subsidy may be simpler to administer, the main argument in favour of feed-in tariffs is the encouragement of quality. Investment subsidies are paid out as a function of the nameplate capacity of the installed system and are independent of its actual power yield over time, thus rewarding the overstatement of power and tolerating poor durability and maintenance. Some electric companies offer rebates to their customers, such as Austin Energy in Texas, which offers $2.50/watt installed up to $15,000.\nNet metering, unlike a feed-in tariff, requires only one meter, but it must be bi-directional.\nIn net metering the price of the electricity produced is the same as the price supplied to the consumer, and the consumer is billed on the difference between production and consumption. Net metering can usually be done with no changes to standard electricity meters, which accurately measure power in both directions and automatically report the difference, and because it allows homeowners and businesses to generate electricity at a different time from consumption, effectively using the grid as a giant storage battery. With net metering, deficits are billed each month while surpluses are rolled over to the following month. Best practices call for perpetual roll over of kWh credits. Excess credits upon termination of service are either lost, or paid for at a rate ranging from wholesale to retail rate or above, as can be excess annual credits. In New Jersey, annual excess credits are paid at the wholesale rate, as are left over credits when a customer terminates service.\nFeed-in tariffs (FIT)\nWith feed-in tariffs, the financial burden falls upon the consumer. They reward the number of kilowatt-hours produced over a long period of time, but because the rate is set by the authorities, it may result in perceived overpayment. The price paid per kilowatt-hour under a feed-in tariff exceeds the price of grid electricity. Net metering refers to the case where the price paid by the utility is the same as the price charged.\nThe complexity of approvals in California, Spain and Italy has prevented comparable growth to Germany even though the return on investment is better.In some countries, additional incentives are offered for BIPV compared to stand alone PV.\nFrance + EUR 0.16 /kWh (compared to semi-integrated) or + EUR 0.27/kWh (compared to stand alone)\nItaly + EUR 0.04-0.09 kWh\nGermany + EUR 0.05/kWh (facades only)\nSolar Renewable Energy Credits (SRECs)\nAlternatively, SRECs allow for a market mechanism to set the price of the solar generated electricity subsity. In this mechanism, a renewable energy production or consumption target is set, and the utility (more technically the Load Serving Entity) is obliged to purchase renewable energy or face a fine (Alternative Compliance Payment or ACP). The producer is credited for an SREC for every 1,000 kWh of electricity produced. If the utility buys this SREC and retires it, they avoid paying the ACP. In principle this system delivers the cheapest renewable energy, since the all solar facilities are eligible and can be installed in the most economic locations. Uncertainties about the future value of SRECs have led to long-term SREC contract markets to give clarity to their prices and allow solar developers to pre-sell and hedge their credits.\nFinancial incentives for photovoltaics differ across countries, including Australia, China, Germany, Israel, Japan, and the United States and even across states within the US.\nThe Japanese government through its Ministry of International Trade and Industry ran a successful programme of subsidies from 1994 to 2003. By the end of 2004, Japan led the world in installed PV capacity with over 1.1 GW.\nIn 2004, the German government introduced the first large-scale feed-in tariff system, under the German Renewable Energy Act, which resulted in explosive growth of PV installations in Germany. At the outset the FIT was over 3x the retail price or 8x the industrial price. The principle behind the German system is a 20-year flat rate contract. The value of new contracts is programmed to decrease each year, in order to encourage the industry to pass on lower costs to the end users. The programme has been more successful than expected with over 1GW installed in 2006, and political pressure is mounting to decrease the tariff to lessen the future burden on consumers.\nSubsequently, Spain, Italy, Greece—that enjoyed an early success with domestic solar-thermal installations for hot water needs—and France introduced feed-in tariffs. None have replicated the programmed decrease of FIT in new contracts though, making the German incentive relatively less and less attractive compared to other countries. The French and Greek FIT offer a high premium (EUR 0.55/kWh) for building integrated systems. California, Greece, France and Italy have 30-50% more insolation than Germany making them financially more attractive. The Greek domestic \"solar roof\" programme (adopted in June 2009 for installations up to 10 kW) has internal rates of return of 10-15% at current commercial installation costs, which, furthermore, is tax free.\nIn 2006 California approved the 'California Solar Initiative', offering a choice of investment subsidies or FIT for small and medium systems and a FIT for large systems. The small-system FIT of $0.39 per kWh (far less than EU countries) expires in just 5 years, and the alternate \"EPBB\" residential investment incentive is modest, averaging perhaps 20% of cost. All California incentives are scheduled to decrease in the future depending as a function of the amount of PV capacity installed.\nAt the end of 2006, the Ontario Power Authority (OPA, Canada) began its Standard Offer Program, a precursor to the Green Energy Act, and the first in North America for distributed renewable projects of less than 10 MW. The feed-in tariff guaranteed a fixed price of $0.42 CDN per kWh over a period of twenty years. Unlike net metering, all the electricity produced was sold to the OPA at the given rate.\nGrid integrationMain articles: Energy storage and Grid energy storage\nConstruction of the Salt Tanks which provide efficient thermal energy storage so that output can be provided after the sun goes down, and output can be scheduled to meet demand requirements. The 280 MW Solana Generating Station is designed to provide six hours of energy storage. This allows the plant to generate about 38 percent of its rated capacity over the course of a year.\nThermal energy storage. The AndasolCSP plant uses tanks of molten salt to store solar energy.\nPumped-storage hydroelectricity (PSH). This facility in Geesthacht, Germany, also includes a solar array.\nThe overwhelming majority of electricity produced worldwide is used immediately, since storage is usually more expensive and because traditional generators can adapt to demand. However both solar power and wind power are variable renewable energy, meaning that all available output must be taken whenever it is available by moving through transmission lines to where it can be used now. Since solar energy is not available at night, storing its energy is potentially an important issue particularly in off-grid and for future 100% renewable energy scenarios to have continuous electricity availability.\nSolar electricity is inherently variable and predictable by time of day, location, and seasons. In addition solar is intermittent due to day/night cycles and unpredictable weather. How much of a special challenge solar power is in any given electric utility varies significantly. In a summer peak utility, solar is well matched to daytime cooling demands. In winter peak utilities, solar displaces other forms of generation, reducing their capacity factors.\nIn an electricity system without grid energy storage, generation from stored fuels (coal, biomass, natural gas, nuclear) must be go up and down in reaction to the rise and fall of solar electricity (see load following power plant). While hydroelectric and natural gas plants can quickly follow solar being intermittent due to the weather, coal, biomass and nuclear plants usually take considerable time to respond to load and can only be scheduled to follow the predictable variation. Depending on local circumstances, beyond about 20–40% of total generation, grid-connected intermittent sources like solar tend to require investment in some combination of grid interconnections, energy storage or demand side management. Integrating large amounts of solar power with existing generation equipment has caused issues in some cases. For example, in Germany, California and Hawaii, electricity prices have been known to go negative when solar is generating a lot of power, displacing existing baseload generation contracts.\nConventional hydroelectricity works very well in conjunction with solar power, water can be held back or released from a reservoir behind a dam as required. Where a suitable river is not available, pumped-storage hydroelectricity uses solar power to pump water to a high reservoir on sunny days then the energy is recovered at night and in bad weather by releasing water via a hydroelectric plant to a low reservoir where the cycle can begin again. However, this cycle can lose 20% of the energy to round trip inefficiencies, this plus the construction costs add to the expense of implementing high levels of solar power.\nConcentrated solar power plants may use thermal storage to store solar energy, such as in high-temperature molten salts. These salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity, and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. This method of energy storage is used, for example, by the Solar Two power station, allowing it to store 1.44 TJ in its 68 m³ storage tank, enough to provide full output for close to 39 hours, with an efficiency of about 99%.\nIn stand alone PV systems batteries are traditionally used to store excess electricity. With grid-connected photovoltaic power system, excess electricity can be sent to the electrical grid. Net metering and feed-in tariff programs give these systems a credit for the electricity they produce. This credit offsets electricity provided from the grid when the system cannot meet demand, effectively trading with the grid instead of storing excess electricity. Credits are normally rolled over from month to month and any remaining surplus settled annually. When wind and solar are a small fraction of the grid power, other generation techniques can adjust their output appropriately, but as these forms of variable power grow, additional balance on the grid is needed. As prices are rapidly declining, PV systems increasingly use rechargeable batteries to store a surplus to be later used at night. Batteries used for grid-storage stabilize the electrical grid by leveling out peak loads usually for several minutes, and in rare cases for hours. In the future, less expensive batteries could play an important role on the electrical grid, as they can charge during periods when generation exceeds demand and feed their stored energy into the grid when demand is higher than generation.\nAlthough not permitted under the US National Electric Code, it is technically possible to have a “plug and play” PV microinverter. A recent review article found that careful system design would enable such systems to meet all technical, though not all safety requirements. There are several companies selling plug and play solar systems available on the web, but there is a concern that if people install their own it will reduce the enormous employment advantage solar has over fossil fuels.\nCommon battery technologies used in today's home PV systems include, the valve regulated lead-acid battery– a modified version of the conventional lead–acid battery, nickel–cadmium and lithium-ion batteries. Lead-acid batteries are currently the predominant technology used in small-scale, residential PV systems, due to their high reliability, low self discharge and investment and maintenance costs, despite shorter lifetime and lower energy density. However, lithium-ion batteries have the potential to replace lead-acid batteries in the near future, as they are being intensively developed and lower prices are expected due to economies of scaleprovided by large production facilities such as the Gigafactory 1. In addition, the Li-ion batteries of plug-in electric cars may serve as a future storage devices in a vehicle-to-grid system. Since most vehicles are parked an average of 95 percent of the time, their batteries could be used to let electricity flow from the car to the power lines and back. Other rechargeable batteries used for distributed PV systems include, sodium–sulfur and vanadium redox batteries, two prominent types of a molten salt and a flow battery, respectively.\nThe combination of wind and solar PV has the advantage that the two sources complement each other because the peak operating times for each system occur at different times of the day and year. The power generation of such solar hybrid power systems is therefore more constant and fluctuates less than each of the two component subsystems. Solar power is seasonal, particularly in northern/southern climates, away from the equator, suggesting a need for long term seasonal storage in a medium such as hydrogen or pumped hydroelectric. The Institute for Solar Energy Supply Technology of the University of Kassel pilot-tested a combined power plant linking solar, wind, biogas and hydrostorage to provide load-following power from renewable sources.\nResearch is also undertaken in this field of artificial photosynthesis. It involves the use of nanotechnology to store solar electromagnetic energy in chemical bonds, by splitting water to produce hydrogen fuel or then combining with carbon dioxide to make biopolymers such as methanol. Many large national and regional research projects on artificial photosynthesis are now trying to develop techniques integrating improved light capture, quantum coherence methods of electron transfer and cheap catalytic materials that operate under a variety of atmospheric conditions. Senior researchers in the field have made the public policy case for a Global Project on Artificial Photosynthesis to address critical energy security and environmental sustainability issues.\nPart of the Senftenberg Solarpark, a solar photovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months.\nUnlike fossil fuel based technologies, solar power does not lead to any harmful emissions during operation, but the production of the panels leads to some amount of pollution.\nThe life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of solar power are in the range of 22 to 46 gram (g) per kilowatt-hour (kWh) depending on if solar thermal or solar PV is being analyzed, respectively. With this potentially being decreased to 15 g/kWh in the future. For comparison (of weighted averages), a combined cycle gas-fired power plant emits some 400–599 g/kWh, an oil-fired power plant 893 g/kWh, a coal-fired power plant 915–994 g/kWh or with carbon capture and storage some 200 g/kWh, and a geothermal high-temp. power plant 91–122 g/kWh. The life cycle emission intensity of hydro, wind and nuclear power are lower than solar's as of 2011 as published by the IPCC, and discussed in the article Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources. Similar to all energy sources were their total life cycle emissions primarily lay in the construction and transportation phase, the switch to low carbon power in the manufacturing and transportation of solar devices would further reduce carbon emissions. BP Solar owns two factories built by Solarex (one in Maryland, the other in Virginia) in which all of the energy used to manufacture solar panels is produced by solar panels. A 1-kilowatt system eliminates the burning of approximately 170 pounds of coal, 300 pounds of carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere, and saves up to 105 gallons of water consumption monthly.\nThe US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in harmonizing the disparate estimates of life-cycle GHG emissions for solar PV, found that the most critical parameter was the solar insolation of the site: GHG emissions factors for PV solar are inversely proportional to insolation. For a site with insolation of 1700 kWh/m2/year, typical of southern Europe, NREL researchers estimated GHG emissions of 45 gCO2e/kWh. Using the same assumptions, at Phoenix, USA, with insolation of 2400 kWh/m2/year, the GHG emissions factor would be reduced to 32 g of CO2e/kWh.\nThe New Zealand Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment found that the solar PV would have little impact on the country's greenhouse gas emissions. The country already generates 80 percent of its electricity from renewable resources (primarily hydroelectricity and geothermal) and national electricity usage peaks on winter evenings whereas solar generation peaks on summer afternoons, meaning a large uptake of solar PV would end up displacing other renewable generators before fossil-fueled power plants.\nThe energy payback time (EPBT) of a power generating system is the time required to generate as much energy as is consumed during production and lifetime operation of the system. Due to improving production technologies the payback time has been decreasing constantly since the introduction of PV systems in the energy market. In 2000 the energy payback time of PV systems was estimated as 8 to 11 years and in 2006 this was estimated to be 1.5 to 3.5 years for crystalline silicon silicon PV systems and 1–1.5 years for thin film technologies (S. Europe). These figures fell to 0.75–3.5 years in 2013, with an average of about 2 years for crystalline silicon PV and CIS systems.\nAnother economic measure, closely related to the energy payback time, is the energy returned on energy invested (EROEI) or energy return on investment(EROI), which is the ratio of electricity generated divided by the energy required to build and maintain the equipment. (This is not the same as the economic return on investment (ROI), which varies according to local energy prices, subsidies available and metering techniques.) With expected lifetimes of 30 years, the EROEI of PV systems are in the range of 10 to 30, thus generating enough energy over their lifetimes to reproduce themselves many times (6-31 reproductions) depending on what type of material, balance of system (BOS), and the geographic location of the system.\nOne issue that has often raised concerns is the use of cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal that has the tendency to accumulate in ecological food chains. It is used as semiconductor component in CdTe solar cells and as buffer layer for certain CIGS cells in the form of CdS. The amount of cadmium used in thin-film PV modulesis relatively small (5–10 g/m²) and with proper recycling and emission control techniques in place the cadmium emissions from module production can be almost zero. Current PV technologies lead to cadmium emissions of 0.3–0.9 microgram/kWh over the whole life-cycle. Most of these emissions actually arise through the use of coal power for the manufacturing of the modules, and coal and lignite combustion leads to much higher emissions of cadmium. Life-cycle cadmium emissions from coal is 3.1 microgram/kWh, lignite 6.2, and natural gas 0.2 microgram/kWh.\nIn a life-cycle analysis it has been noted, that if electricity produced by photovoltaic panels were used to manufacture the modules instead of electricity from burning coal, cadmium emissions from coal power usage in the manufacturing process could be entirely eliminated.\nIn the case of crystalline silicon modules, the solder material, that joins together the copper strings of the cells, contains about 36 percent of lead (Pb). Moreover, the paste used for screen printing front and back contacts contains traces of Pb and sometimes Cd as well. It is estimated that about 1,000 metric tonnes of Pb have been used for 100 gigawatts of c-Si solar modules. However, there is no fundamental need for lead in the solder alloy.\nSome media sources have reported that concentrated solar power plants have injured or killed large numbers of birds due to intense heat from the concentrated sunrays. This adverse effect does not apply to PV solar power plants, and some of the claims may have been overstated or exaggerated.\nA 2014-published life-cycle analysis of land use for various sources of electricity concluded that the large-scale implementation of solar and wind potentially reduces pollution-related environmental impacts. The study found that the land-use footprint, given in square meter-years per megawatt-hour (m2a/MWh), was lowest for wind, natural gas and rooftop PV, with 0.26, 0.49 and 0.59, respectively, and followed by utility-scale solar PV with 7.9. For CSP, the footprint was 9 and 14, using parabolic troughs and solar towers, respectively. The largest footprint had coal-fired power plants with 18 m2a/MWh.\nCPV modules on dual axis solar trackers in Golmud, China\nConcentrator photovoltaics (CPV) systems employ sunlight concentrated onto photovoltaic surfaces for the purpose of electrical power production. Contrary to conventional photovoltaic systems, it uses lenses and curved mirrors to focus sunlight onto small, but highly efficient, multi-junction solar cells. Solar concentrators of all varieties may be used, and these are often mounted on a solar tracker in order to keep the focal point upon the cell as the sun moves across the sky. Luminescent solar concentrators (when combined with a PV-solar cell) can also be regarded as a CPV system. Concentrated photovoltaics are useful as they can improve efficiency of PV-solar panels drastically.\nIn addition, most solar panels on spacecraft are also made of high efficient multi-junction photovoltaic cells to derive electricity from sunlight when operating in the inner Solar System.\nFloatovoltaics are an emerging form of PV systems that float on the surface of irrigation canals, water reservoirs, quarry lakes, and tailing ponds. Several systems exist in France, India, Japan, Korea, the United Kingdom and the United States. These systems reduce the need of valuable land area, save drinking water that would otherwise be lost through evaporation, and show a higher efficiency of solar energy conversion, as the panels are kept at a cooler temperature than they would be on land. Although not floating, other dual-use facilities with solar power include fisheries.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Memories - Keeping and Making\nMemories are made naturally throughout life and are created from attending special occasions, outings and sometimes simply through daily, spontaneous funny or moving moments. For families caring for a child with a life-limiting illness there is a heightened importance in retaining these memories so they can be revisited and drawn upon after the child’s death.\nSome examples of memory making include:\n- Time spent with family and friends\n- Sibling/family activities such as cooking together, games\n- Day trips and outings such as having a picnic or going to the zoo\nMemory Keeping is an invaluable tool for children and their families. Creating tangible memorabilia can help express our meaningful life experiences and relationships and therefore strengthen and sharpen our natural memories and protect them from fading. Through memory keeping children, teens and caregivers can process feelings, communicate their wishes, needs and love for each other.\nDuring memory keeping families also feel comforted and empowered. Memories can reaffirm that loved ones will go on living in our hearts and minds, and that they will always be an important part of who we are. Memory Keeping also helps in the grief process as it helps the individual to retain the memories and connections in place.\nSiblings of a dying child may be confused and have different emotions, including sadness, anger, helplessness and guilt. Children often find difficulty expressing these feelings and helping them to make their own memories can bring comfort.\nMemory Keeping can be done to suit personal, cultural or religious beliefs and traditions. Although Memory Keeping might be introduced as an idea, it is recognised that it is very personal for each family and therefore individual preferances should always be respected.\nSome examples of Memory Keeping may include:\n- Ink/paint/plaster hand and footprints\n- Photographs and video footage (for example Heartfelt Photography)\n- Lock of hair\n- Comfort objects- blanket, cuddly toy\n- Special items of clothes\n- Scrapbooking photos or craft\n- Memory Box to store some of these special items listed above\n- Planting a tree or creating a garden\n- Journaling lists of favourite sayings, toys, foods etc\n- Bravery beads\n- Other memory making ideas that are individualised with music, art and play (e.g. writing and recording a song together)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Help Now >\nSt. Mary Di Rosa\nSaint Mary (Paula) Di Rosa December 15 The pounding on the barricaded door of the military hospital sent every heart thudding in terror. In the middle of the war in Brescia (Italy) in 1848, the wounded, sick, and those who cared for them knew what that pounding meant. The shouts from beyond the door came from soldiers, not obeying any command but their inner desire to destroy and plunder. Who could do anything to stop them? The only people here were some Sisters, the Handmaids of Charity, who devoted themselves to helping the sick. The doctors had not even wanted them there. The doctors wanted medical people who were secular and military, not nuns. And in the face of this new danger they were even more useless! Worse than useless -- because that Paula (as she was known) di Rosa was actually moving to open the door!\nWhen the door swung wide, the soldiers saw their way blocked with a great crucifix held by Paula di Rosa and two candles held by two of the six sisters who stood by her. Suddenly their frenzy to destroy disappeared, and full of shame before this display of courage and faith, they slunk back into the shadows.\nHelp Now >\nThroughout her life, Paula di Rosa was never afraid to open the door on a new opportunity to serve God, especially when she was unsure of what lay beyond. People who didn't know her well must have thought she was too frail and delicate for these ventures, but she came armed not only with her faith but boundless energy, intelligence, and hunger to serve.\nBorn in 1813, she had tackled enormous projects from the time she was seventeen, arranging retreats and special missions for her parish and setting up a women's guild. Because of all she accomplished, when she was only twenty-four she was asked to be supervisor of a workhouse for poor girls. After two years, she became concerned because there was no place for the girls to go at the end of the day. Night held special dangers for these girls and Paula wanted to give them a safe place to stay. The trustees refused to provide that place. For Paula the choice was easy -- she once said that she could never go to bed with a clear conscience if she had missed the chance to do some good. So she quit the workhouse to set up a boardinghouse for poor girls while helping her brother with a school for the deaf.\nAt 27 she stood before another door. She was appointed superior of the Handmaids of Charity, a religious society whose purpose was to dedicate all their time and attention to the suffering in hospitals. With her friends Gabriela Bornati and Monsignor Pinzoni, she won the respect of those who thought of these \"handmaids\" as intruders.\nThen in 1848, her whole life seemed to fall apart. First she lost Gabriela and then Monsignor Pinzoni died, leaving her without the support and friendship she had come to depend on. War started in Europe and her homeland was invaded. Facing that kind of grief and turmoil, many others would have crawled into bed and pulled the covers over their head. But Paula had always seen opportunity in everything that came her way. War meant that many would be wounded and displaced by the war so she and her sisters went to work at a military hospital and even went out to the battlefield to give spiritual and physical comfort to the wounded and dying.\nShe died in 1855, going through the final door, unafraid and joyful to be joining her Lord forever.\nIn Her Footsteps :Mary di Rosa would go out at a moment's notice if she felt that someone needed her help. The next time someone you know needs your aid, don't put off helping and make excuses. Drop what you are doing and give them what they need.\nPrayer : Saint Mary, you weren't afraid to take new opportunities. It's frightening when we are asked to do something that is different or new. We would rather stay in our safe and comfortable routines. Help us to embrace each obstacle in our path as a new opportunity to serve God. 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All materials contained on this site, whether written, audible or visual are the exclusive property of Catholic Online and are protected under U.S. and International copyright laws, © Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. Any unauthorized use, without prior written consent of Catholic Online is strictly forbidden and prohibited.\nCatholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. Your gift is tax-deductible as allowed by law.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On October 18, the nation will celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Clean Water Act. This landmark piece of legislation has proven remarkably successful. Water pollution discharges from both industry and municipal sewer systems have declined sharply, the loss of wetlands has been cut decisively, and water quality has broadly improved across the country. The Clean Water Act is, in short, a real success story. It stands as a tribute to the foresight of those in Congress who passed it, as well as to the men and women in both state and federal regulatory agencies who have worked so hard, and for so long, to restore the integrity of our nation’s waters.\nThe Act, however, is showing its age. Twenty-five years have passed since it was last amended in comprehensive fashion, and more than a little fine-tuning is necessary to finish the task that began in 1972. The most significant problem involves nonpoint source pollution – the indirect discharge of polluted runoff from fields and roads, clear cuts, and parking lots. The Act never addressed nonpoint source pollution in a straightforward way. Instead, it was treated as something of an afterthought left primarily in the hands of state and local government, and they have primarily relied upon voluntary management practices to control polluted runoff. As a result, nonpoint source pollution has evolved into the largest single source of water quality impairment in the country. These diffuse sources of water pollution are, furthermore, much more diverse than we once thought. In addition to obvious sources such as polluted runoff from agriculture, urban areas, logging operations, and mines, nonpoint source pollution also includes cross-media transfers, including the deposition of air pollutants such as mercury and nitrogen, into our waters.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have kept this very close to the game, it is updated every time I play.\nAfter 3 billion years of evolution on Clompagnow, the Elucaphon have risen to become a sapient creature.\nPrehistory - Tribal Stage Edit\nSome of the names are in Greek, as is with human prehistory.\n- Paleo - Ancient\n- YAE - Years After Evolving\nPaleotropicos Age 0-1000 YAE Edit\n- Tropicos - Tropical (Greek)\nThe continent where the Elucaphon had evolved was getting drier and drier, due to the mountain shadows not allowing moist air to reach the plains where they lived (but they were not far from the coast). So they moved north along the coast until they were out of the montain shadows. Here, the enviroment was much wetter, and they did not depend on fish, because there was more food sources available. However, they still enjoy their coastal enviroment, but are beginning to fan out into the tropical jungles that surrounds them (note that these are still a little bit cooler on average than the forests on Earth, as Clompagnow orbits a Red dwarf star, which are much cooler than Earth's sun).\nThey tended to live in caves hollowed out by the sea (even though this existence was dangerous), or built homes out of sand. They of course had no choice, either that, or the great deserts.\nPaleoglyphe Age 1000 - 10,000 YAE Edit\n- Glyphe - Carving, work (Greek)\nThe Elucaphon start creating simple jewlery and cave art (unfortunately lot of the cave art was wiped out by sea currents). They also devoloped Throwing spears as weapons or hunting gear and the Wooden horn as musical instruments in order to socialise or simply have fun.\nAncient history Edit\nVillage age - 17,000 YAE Edit\nEventually, the Elucaphon found new materials, including tough wood and hide. They built huts and many different tools, domesticated new animals and fed on their eggs and meat. Clothing was also invented (for gathering food and keeping dry in the moist tropics)\nDuring this time, they devolped simple agriculture, with lots of alluvium in the soil, they would grow herbs and fruit-bearing shrubs. Rouges were domesticated for their meat, eggs and hide, for making huts and clothing.\nBefore the village age, communities of Elucaphon were very small families, and generally kept out of each others way. But they found living in larger groups was a more easy lifestyle, and so adopted this way of life. However, competition was growing between the villagers over food, and while some allied others would conquer other tribes.\nReligion evolved by this period. It revolved around gods and spirits of fire (but not in the image of demons). They believed fire to be the creator of life, and the energy that sustain's it. And when life grow's too rampant, it is extinguished by forest fires to create a balance. This balance occurs when the spirit of living nature attemps to overthrow the spirit of fire.\nDiscovery of metals 17,559 YAE Edit\nWhile they had already discovered metals, they soon realised how important and useful they were. At first they thought that metals were forged by the fire gods, and they were sacred - only to be used by shamans and chiefs. However, curiosity made them use the metals more and more. Copper, one the most shiny metals discored so far, was only used as jewelery, but wearing copper would show devotion to the gods (particularly the minerals Bornite and Chalocite, very iridescencent). Iron ores were also used for construction, however, it was mallable and rusty, and was soon lost in interest.\nSeveral more minerals and metals were discovered around a rich deposit. Originally, there was only one village near this deposit, but they split up into 6 villages to gather materials from differerent sections. But soon, they were not loyal to each other. Only two villages allied, the other four went to war. But the Purple village conquered the othewr four villages, and they had many conflicts with the Lavender village, but in the Purple village came out on top.\nThroughut the centuries to come, the villages became more and more advanced and widespread, they also became peaceful, for the time being. Tin, lead and bronze was starting to be smelted.\nMezoages - City Stage Edit\nPolisenian Age 20,000 YAE Edit\nThe first cities were created. The largest (created by the purple village, which is now known by modern the Elucaphon and human explorers as Polisena, Polis meaning city in Greek) became advanced enough to create wooden chariots driven by domesticated Rouge creatures. The larger cities would tend to attack the smaller cities and more primitive villages, to stop them from becoming too powerful.\nProgression Age 25,000 YAE Edit\nUnlike Earth and many other planets, there was no major Dark ages on Clompagnow, so the Elucaphon progressed quickly in technology. Just 5000 years after the first cities, primitive radio technologies, electrical lighting and steam-powered vehicles were developed. The Elucaphon discovered very important natural resources, such as oil, Spice, industrial materials and so on. Their style and culture was not too different from the Victorian period on Earth, and so looked a little bit Steampunk. However, compared to earlier ages, so far, this was much more peaceful, but there was a battle over a spice geyser on the ocean between ships. Despite the peace, the cities were well defended and militant.\nHeavy industry was not doing well for Clompagnow. Its smaller surface meant an even greater and quicker impact than on Earth during the similar ages.\nAge of Understanding 25,120 YAE Edit\nPollution was beginning to form a big problem.\nTechnology and Cleaning of the air\nJust after the Age of Progression, sea planes were invented by the main continent where the Elucaphon evolved. They replaced the steam-powered ships of the past. The air in major cities was getting unbreathable by the end of the Age of Progression. But due to innovations in science and technology, dirty fuels and steam was replaced, hence ending the Victorian-styles. More modern styles were coming in, however, they were still differernt from Earth's. Special air scrubbers were devolped, and slowly, the air in cities became safer to breath.\nHowever, several wars occurred in the Age of Understanding. Several countries warred over Spice, the new and better resource, and conflicts in opposing religions also occurred.\nIntercontinental Age 25,180 YAE Edit\nBy this time, the style and architecture of the Elucaphon had lost its victorian/steampunk look, and cities and vehicles look more like what was envisioned of what the future would look like during the 1930's and 50's. This stage is comparable to the modern age.\nScience and technology during this age was comparable to the modern era. After the original continent was mostly conquered by the Purple Nation, they sent sea planes overseas to invade other nations. New weapons - EM bombs, nuclear missiles and aircraft were developed, allowing wars between differernt continents. But alliances were also forged, as well as Trade routes. Communication was now very quick, with an internet based on telepathy (an interface between computers and Elucaphon brains, believe it or not, such devices are even under devolopment here on Earth too)! Communication satellites were also becoming common.\nForay's in space\nThe Elucaphon started to explore their moon and other planets in their solar system with manned and unmanned spacecraft. They even colonized their moon. Space stations were built, some of them carrying a deadly new weapon...\nThe Purple Nation, however, was becoming more aggressive after conquering an entire continent. They built are large fleet of sea planes, to be followed by aircraft to invade Yellow Nation in the next. They first allied with the Yellow Nation, to get the Yellow Nation to invade the Red Nation, however, the Purple Nation stabbed there new allies in the back. A Nuclear war started, all the nations were warring. The Purple Nation unleashed its secret new weapon from space - Space Launched Nuclear Missile. It split into several different missiles, raining down on all other capital cities not loyal to the Purple Nation. Over a billion died, and millions more suffered radiation poisoning. Some nations were so badly affected, they reverted into dystopian, post-apocalyptic societies. However, the Purple Nation survived and conquered Clompagnow.\nSpace Stage 25,210 YAE Edit\nAlthough the Elucaphon had already began its foray's in space, space travel was put mostly on halt during the war. However, the Elucaphon gathered there technology and money, and engineered a new ship - one capable of interstellar travel.\nThe First interstellar colonies\nThe first ships were only capable of nearing the speed of light, however, they were able to time dilate, allowing the ship to reach the nearest stars in just months (but when the ships return to home, several years would have past), this is due to the time slowing effects of General Relativity.\nThe space empire\nIn time, the Elucaphon established an empire among the stars. Technology advanced enough for faster than light travel. The Elucaphon Empire is generally peaceful to aliens, but its also is very militant and battle ready, just like in the previous stages.\nMore to come.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "TITA or ‘Type in the Answer’ questions were introduced in CAT 2015 for the first time. They are the non MCQ questions where a student has to key in the answer using a virtual keypad. In CAT 2015, there were 32 questions; CAT 2016 had 25; followed by CAT 2017 having 20 questions of this type spread equally in all the three sections. The students are not penalized if they answer them wrongly but every correct answer fetches 3 marks.\nSince CAT 2015, students have always faced problems with how to tackle the TITA questions, especially whether to attempt or to leave them. Many experts have more than once suggested that the aspirants should attempt all the TITA questions and in fact, students should not leave any one not attempted.\nAmong all the reasons behind attempting TITA questions in CAT, these are the most common ones stated by the students.\n- There are no negative marks\nNegative marks cannot be the sole reason for attempting or not attempting a question. It should rather depend on the students’ preparation, knowledge, confidence and strategy. Many students forget that TITA questions can be a trap also.\n- TITA questions will be simpler\nAs there are no answer choices to these questions, students have a feeling that the TITA questions will be relatively easier than the MCQs. ‘Easy’ or ‘difficult’ is completely relative when it comes to problem solving, as it purely depends on the basic understanding of the subject area by the student. On a good day, the same question can look easy and doable than on any other day.\n- I can guess the answer\nGuessing an answer in the Quant section is nearly impossible if you have not solved the question correctly. Even for an intelligent guess, a student will have to reach as close as possible to the correct answer, which is also doubtful as they do not have the options to verify. The same is true for the DILR questions, as anybody not completely cracking the logic of the set will not be able to do any kind of guesswork. The TITA questions in the Verbal section had been comparatively easy to answer as compared to the Quants and DILR, as the questions were related to Parajumbles or identifying the odd sentence, where students were easily convinced about their choice of answer.\nAlso, managing time is one major problem in any competitive exam, and CAT is no different. TITA questions usually take more time to solve than many MCQ based questions as students cannot take the help of options to solve them. Students fail to keep track of time invested and end up losing a lot of time in the process, which can eventually get them a not so good score. So, a student should try to attempt the MCQ questions first and then move on to the non MCQ questions, especially in Quant and DILR.\nOverall, the TITA questions test the basic understanding of the subject area and can be time consuming in many cases. Students should really be cautious and should always keep track on the time invested in those questions. As far as the guesswork is concerned, anybody can guess how good our guesses are!\nAll the best!\nFor more about him, you can click here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust, the world was faced with the challenge of attempting to seek justice for an almost unimaginable scale of criminal behavior—millions of murders, wrongful imprisonments, tortures; rape, theft, and destruction—perpetrated by the Nazis and their collaborators. The International Military Tribunal (IMT) held at Nuremberg, Germany, from November 20, 1945, until the verdicts were delivered on October 1, 1946, attempted to broach this immense challenge on a legal basis.\nOn view in this display are extended excerpts from the filming of the tribunal proceedings and artifacts connected to the courtroom. Interactive stations allow visitors to examine the IMT’s criminal charges, prosecution, defendants, evidence, and legacy through historic photos, documents, and eyewitness and defendant testimonies. The tribunal at Nuremberg set precedents in international law, in documentation of the historical record, and particularly in seeking some beginning, however inadequate, in a search for justice.\nWexner Center/From Memory to Action, Second Floor. No passes required.\nWar Crimes Trials (Holocaust Encyclopedia article)\nJustice and Accountability (Center for the Prevention of Genocide)\nJustice and Accountability in the Face of Genocide: What Have We Learned? (2011 Days of Remembrance Resource)\nThe Museum’s exhibitions are supported in part by the Lester Robbins and Sheila Johnson Robbins Traveling and Special Exhibition Fund established in 1990.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Definitions for Joppaˈdʒɒp ə\nThis page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Joppa\nJaffa, Joppa, Yafo(noun)\na port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950\nJoppa, Maryland in Harford County, Maryland is now a planning region for the county, but there was originally a town at the center called Joppa. Joppa was founded as a British colonial settlement in the early 18th century, and takes its name from the biblical town of Joppa. The town of Joppa on the Gunpowder River traded internationally in agricultural products, especially tobacco. At its peak, the port was home to about 50 homes, a church, prison, inns, shops, schools, armament factories, and warehouses. However, with the rise of Baltimore and Annapolis, Joppa declined as a port, and was slowly abandoned. By 1815, all that remained were ruins, and the surviving Rumsey Mansion. In 1962, Joppatowne, one of the first of a new generation of planned unit developments in the United States, was launched by the Panitz Company. McComas Institute was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Olney was listed in 1987 and Whitaker's Mill Historic District in 1990.\nThe Nuttall Encyclopedia\nan ancient town and seaport, now Jaffa, on the coast of Palestine, 35 m. NW. from Jerusalem; a place of note in sacred and mediæval history; here Jonah took ship to Tarshish.\nThe numerical value of Joppa in Chaldean Numerology is: 7\nThe numerical value of Joppa in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4\nImages & Illustrations of Joppa\nTranslations for Joppa\nFrom our Multilingual Translation Dictionary\nGet even more translations for Joppa »\nFind a translation for the Joppa definition in other languages:\nSelect another language:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Implicitly opposing to miscegenation, cooper prefers to kill uncas, cora and magua in order to prevent an unsuitable marriage indeed, in his essay on the inequality of edit my paper online human races, joseph arthur de mobile marketing business plan gobineau asserted that whites were superior to other races and advised great special assignments nations to preserve their racial purity, since racial mixture, he claimed, led to corporate finance assignment cultural degeneration and political decline. the great gatsby essay topics december 20, how to start a persuasive essay introduction 2016. essay on interracial marriage, state laws, and halfway house business plan racial purity. dec 12, 2003 · when faulkner wrote the first of these searching narrative inquiries into how to start business plan homework excuse form the mystique of racial purity, the nuremberg laws racial purity essay of the nazi era were on the distant horizon and all research papers on psychology three appeared long before the apartheid system in south africa (modeled in part on our own jim crow laws) showed, for all the world to see, essay on life the untenable drift of racial discrimination may 28, 2008 · the concept of race has historically signified the division of humanity into a small number of groups based upon five criteria: love conquered virginia racial purity essay environmental pollution assignment the virginia anti-miscegenation law racial integrity act of 1924 was a law that enforced racial segregation of marriage between races. relevance. hutton specifically aims to show how racial anthropology contributed to race theory in germany, and what the effects were, both self introduction written sample for germany and racial anthropology racial purity essay itself apr 11, 2017 · consider, for example, an essay published in 1926 by hiram evans, the imperial wizard of the ku klux klan, in the exceedingly mainstream north …. the beautiful necessity – seven essays on theosophy and architecture by claude fayette bragdon. if you’d like to send your comments, please contact the instructor, jan haswell: international migration has reached racial purity essay record highs, as has the number of interracial marriages, leading to a surge of multiracial people such as shewmake. the author narrates the stories of two women (carrie buck and emma) creative writing prompts for children wallowing racial purity essay in poverty yet racial purity essay subjected to a purity racial scientific quest. the social contradictions are overwhelming, as racial identity becomes a figurative inheritance (rohrbach 486) people are different, but how society deals with these differences is what defines prejudice quest homework service and discrimination. dr.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Termites’ nests embody self-assembly of a different kind. Their nest is a giant ecosystem, complete with fungal farms and a sophisticated temperature control system , built by termites employing local cues from pheromones to orchestrate their behaviour.\nNow a team at Harvard’s Wyss Institute, a biomimetic powerhouse, has created robots which can build a variety of large structures using algorithmic local cues after the manner of the termites. The bi g difference is that the robots can be programmed to execute a planned structure, rather as DNA can be programmed to create detailed structures on the basis of a computer coded algorithm defining its sticky end connections. The same planned structure will be built in a different order because once the robots start there is uncertainty about which particle robot will encounter which already built part of environment at any given time. The result though is always the same, just as it doesn’t matter in which order you complete a jigsaw.\nThe termites, of course have no master plan: the only rule governing the final form is that it has been selected by natural selection.\nScience, 14 February 2014, pp. 754-758.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A new method of producing large volumes of high-quality graphene\nMay 2, 2014\nThe researchers say the discovery will “change the way many consumer and industrial products are manufactured.” Potential applications they cite include advanced food packaging, high-strength plastics, super-protective coatings for wind turbines and ships, and batteries with dramatically higher capacity than anything available today.\nThe graphene material can be further processed to create graphene oxide, used in electronics and other applications.\nAccording to the research team, until now, researchers have been unable to produce graphene of high quality in large enough quantities; the research undertaken by AMBER is the first to perfect large-scale production of pristine (unoxidized and free of basal-plane defects) graphene materials.\nJonathan Coleman, Professor of Chemical Physics at Trinity College, and his team developed a simple method for transforming flakes of graphite into defect-free graphene using commercially available tools, such as high-shear mixers. They demonstrated that graphene-containing liquids can be produced at standard lab-scale quantities of a few hundred milliliters and they say the process could be scaled up to produce hundreds of liters or more.\nThomas Swan Ltd. has worked with the AMBER research team for two years and has signed a license agreement to scale up production and make the high-quality graphene available to industry globally. The company has announced two new products as a result of the research discovery: Elicarb Graphene Powder and Elicarb Graphene Dispersion.\nThe new research is described in Nature Materials. Thomas Swan Ltd. has invested €750,000 in the research program and plans a further collaboration with AMBER over the next 12 months, with joint funding by Science Foundation Ireland.\nAbstract of Nature Materials paper\nTo progress from the laboratory to commercial applications, it will be necessary to develop industrially scalable methods to produce large quantities of defect-free graphene. Here we show that high-shear mixing of graphite in suitable stabilizing liquids results in large-scale exfoliation to give dispersions of graphene nanosheets. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy show the exfoliated flakes to be unoxidized and free of basal-plane defects. We have developed a simple model that shows exfoliation to occur once the local shear rate exceeds 104 s−1. By fully characterizing the scaling behaviour of the graphene production rate, we show that exfoliation can be achieved in liquid volumes from hundreds of millilitres up to hundreds of litres and beyond. The graphene produced by this method performs well in applications from composites to conductive coatings. This method can be applied to exfoliate BN, MoS2 and a range of other layered crystals.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Asbestos Water Treatment\nWhy Do You Need to be Concerned About Asbestos?\nAsbestos is a mineral fiber that has been used commonly in a variety of building construction materials for insulation and as a fire-retardant. Because of its fiber strength and heat resistant properties, asbestos has been used for a wide range of manufactured goods, mostly in building materials (roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper products, and asbestos cement products), friction products (automobile clutch, brake, and transmission parts), heat-resistant fabrics, packaging, gaskets, and coatings.\nWhen asbestos-containing materials are damaged or disturbed by repair, remodeling or demolition activities, microscopic fibers become airborne and can be inhaled into the lungs, where they can cause significant health problems. See more information on asbestos below.\nMost Common Sources of Asbestos Exposure:\no Workplace exposure to people that work in industries that mine, make or use asbestos products and those living near these industries, including:\n- the construction industry (particularly building demolition and renovation activities),\n- the manufacture of asbestos products (such as textiles, friction products, insulation, and other building materials), and\n- during automotive brake and clutch repair work\no Deteriorating, damaged, or disturbed asbestos-containing products such as insulation, fireproofing, acoustical materials, and floor tiles.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What are transferable skills and why do you need them? What does it mean to be employable today and in the future?...\n- One of the most exciting and challenging jobs, with the opportunity to travel into space\n- Requires excellent scientific or flight skills as well as physical and psychological strength\n- A flight in space could last between 6 months and a year\nAs an astronaut, you'll be trained to fly and maintain spacecraft so you can live safely onboard, and you might also carry out scientific experiments and research. You may also do Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalks to repair the spacecraft or complete research experiments.\nAstronauts need to be able to apply their considerable knowledge and skills to the tasks for which they have been trained; be able to bear tremendous responsibility while in orbit; and be determined to succeed.\nOn the ground you'll be involved in extensive training and preparations for your space flight. Once you're selected, you'll get mission-specific training. Your flight in space could last between 6 months and a year.\nOnce you are in space your daily activities might include:\n- Cleaning and testing air filters and air quality\n- Repairing, maintaining and testing oxygen production systems\n- Cleaning and maintaining water systems and testing for bacterial growth\n- Packaging and disposing of waste\n- Replacing worn or broken parts on the spacecraft\n- Installing or repairing scientific instruments and equipment\n- Setting up, carrying out and monitoring experiments\n- Taking samples like blood from astronauts to assess their health\n- Communicating with Earth by satellite to transfer data and send reports\nYou'll need a high level of physical fitness to help you cope with life in space, because of the cramped living conditions and the effects of low gravity on your body. You'll need to spend around 2.5 hours a day exercising when in space to maintain your physical health and stamina.\nYou'll need excellent leadership skills, strong physical coordination, scientific knowledge, and the ability to stay calm and make quick decisions under pressure. You'll also be away from home for extended periods of time and you'll usually need to travel overseas for training. You'll have several years' training before you're ready to be selected for a mission.\nOpportunities to become an astronaut are very limited and competition for places is very strong. Most people progress onto becoming an astronaut after a career as a pilot or as a scientist. As a pilot, you'll need at least 1,000 hours of flying experience in a high performance aircraft like a fighter jet. As a scientist you'll normally need to have a PhD in a subject like biology, chemistry, engineering, information technology, mathematics, or physics.\nYou will need to able to speak English fluently and it would also help if you could speak a second language, like Russian, which is used on the international space station.\nWith either of these routes, you'll usually need at least 3 years experience, and will usually need to be between 27 and 37 years old. With aircraft pilot experience or scientific experience you could apply to become an astronaut in the European Astronaut Corps. To become an astronaut with NASA, you'll need to have US citizenship or US dual-citizenship.\nYou'll have several years' training before you're ready for a mission. It may take you years to be selected for a space flight. Once you're selected, you'll get mission specific training. Your flight in space could last between 6 months and a year.\nWith experience you could:\n- be selected for other missions\n- move into management, teaching or research\n- set up your own consultancy business\nYou can find out more about related career opportunities in space exploration from the European Space Agency.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Improving Health Through Better Water Filtration\nNo one will argue the fact that everyone needs a steady supply of safe water to continue living. The arguments usually start when health experts disagree on what constitutes safe water. It’s been well established that much of the Earth’s water supply is contaminated with a wide variety of chemicals. Much of the world’s water supply contains high levels of minerals that make it less than healthy for consumers.\nHow Do Consumers Know If Their Water Is Safe?\nMost tap water from municipal sources is tested to ensure contaminants are within “safe” limits, but who determines what those safe levels are, and should users blindly accept their findings?\nGovernmental agencies are generally responsible for determining what those acceptable levels are, but water safety is about more than defining an “acceptable” level of contamination. Consumers need to be asking themselves whether or not high levels of minerals or the presence of any pharmaceuticals is genuinely safe.\nTRICK: You can clean up water marks from glass vases. Or fill the vase with water and drop in 2 Alka Seltzer tablets.\nCan Consumers Take Steps to Improve the Quality of Their Drinking Water?\nThe short answer is yes, and there are several options to consider when consumers seek a way to improve the quality of the water they drink. A variety of filtering systems are currently marketed to enhance water quality. The problem is that many don’t really resolve all the issues involved.\nWhy Are PH Levels Important?\nHere’s where there seems to be a great deal of important information available. In an article at http://www.precisionnutrition.com/, Ryan Andrews explains that a pH level of about 7.0 is typical for most tap water, which is regarded as being neutral. He discusses the fact that a human body will seek a balance near that neutral point and that a pH level that is out of balance in either direction will create issues.\nNutrition experts universally espouse the importance of safe water. Within recent years many water studies, like The Alkaline Diet: Is There Evidence That an Alkaline pH Diet Benefits Health?, by Gerry K. Schwalfenberg, suggest there are benefits of ingesting more alkaline substances in a diet to improve health. In fact, newer water filtering devices are currently being used to increase alkalinity and help users avoid chronic low-grade acidosis, which some researchers believe causes health issues.\nAndrews, in his article, argues that pH levels impact overall health, and obtaining a balance is essential, but “Without knowing the cause, you can’t determine whether alkaline water will really help you.”\nWhile that statement has value and should not be ignored, especially if chronic medical issues are present, the importance of drinking only quality water should always take priority.\nHow Can Users Ensure They Always Have Quality Drinking Water?\nFirst of all, it’s essential to recognize the fact few water sources are actually delivering water that’s as pure as it should be. That means users have to take matters into their own hands and look at the options out there to improve the quality of the water they drink.\nOne of the current trends in water filtration involves the use of filters, including tourmaline.\n“Took the SureAqua pump on a Scout Hike with 15 boys and girls. It was so good not to carry so much water. The scouts are only allowed to carry 20% of their body weight. Not much! It was great, so the kids were able to carry food and tents rather than lbs of water.”\nDid you know nearly 79% of your body mass is Water!\nWhy Is Tourmaline Used?\nThe Global Healing Center in “Benefits of Tourmaline Gemstone” states that tourmaline “is known to aid in relieving stress, increasing mental alertness, improving circulation, and strengthening the immune system.” While the article did not precisely explain how that happens, it hints that the electrical charge influences those outcomes.\nIn addition, the article states tourmaline “produces a detoxifying, cleansing effect on the nervous system, as well the organs and tissues of the body.” Those benefits are frequently a topic of argument, but anecdotal evidence has been around for centuries, suggesting that the mineral enhances health. That’s why it’s now being incorporated into water filtering systems, even though more research needs to be undertaken to determine how much of an effect the tourmaline has.\nIn modern filters, tourmaline is used to increase alkalinity during the filtering process to deliver pure water to improve the user’s pH levels. The best systems use several stages of filtration to remove chemicals, bacteria, and viruses that frequently threaten those who are drinking unfiltered water.\n“Never again will I leave my portable water filter behind after I spent a straight 5 hours in a toilet in India.”\nAre Filters Available for Users on the Go?\nCertainly, filters are available in different styles and sizes to accommodate travelers, campers, hikers, and anyone else venturing out into areas where water quality is questionable. While the water in a given location may be safe to drink, it’s always better to avoid the potential of coming down with a water-related illness. Carrying a portable filter using tourmaline as a component is always a good idea for anyone wanting a safe, reliable water supply.\nOf course, there are also other reasons to consider portable filtering devices. Bottled water is readily available in many areas. Still, bottled water quality has come under question in recent years as many bottlers openly admit using municipal supplies as their water sources. While they may filter the water further, users have no way to determine the purity of bottled water.\nFinal Say about water filter benefits\nIn addition, bottled water produces massive amounts of plastic waste. Using a portable water filtering system eliminates that waste and allows users to know the level of filtration their water is receiving. Since the better filtering products currently available are thoroughly tested and last for years, users can be assured their water will have a pleasant taste and be healthier than the water typical municipal systems deliver.\nWhether a user is traveling or simply wants a reliable method of filtering the water they drink every day, exploring the filtering options readily available, especially those including tourmaline in the process, is essential. Clean, safe water not only tastes better, but it is also healthier for users. Prices are also important, but some of the best options are reasonably priced, making them readily available to virtually anyone.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“Accountability” is a big word with a big meaning. Accountability means taking responsibility. Our national and state education laws now hold every public school responsible for the academic performance of every one of its students —regardless of the student’s race or ethnicity, whether the student is rich, poor, disabled, or learning English as a new language.\nThe Massachusetts School and District Accountability System holds schools accountable for educating all students to high standards and for making sure all children are learning. This system requires all public schools, including charter schools, to communicate to their students, their parents, and to the whole community where they are succeeding and where there is still work to do.\nThe system also holds students accountable for doing their best. In order to earn their high school diploma, students must earn a Competency Determination that is based on their MCAS scores.\nAccountability begins with a Goal\nThe national goal is that all students will be proficient or better in Math and Reading (also called English Language Arts) by the 2013-14 school year. “Proficient” means that the student is at grade level. The accountability system helps to make sure that all students are making enough progress to meet the goal.\nAdequate Yearly Progress (AYP)\nAYP is the measure of yearly progress toward all students achieving at or above grade level in English language arts and mathematics by the 2013-14 school year.\nAYP determinations are based on four factors:\n1. Participation – At least 95% of students must participate in MCAS tests\n2. Performance or Improvement – Based on students’ scores on MCAS tests\n3. Attendance (for elementary & middle schools) – at least 92% annual attendance rates or 1% improvement in attendance\n4. Graduation rate for high schools – A graduation rate of at least 65% or show improvement\nAYP is important because it measures progress of all groups of students. In the past, schools could appear to be providing a good education if the average scores were high. In reality, these averages often hid the fact that specific groups of students were not making academic progress. Today, if just one student group at a school does not meet an AYP goal, then the school does not make AYP for that year. In this way, schools are held accountable for making sure all groups of student make progress, even those who have been left behind in the past. Student groups include:\n(1) All students in the school, and students who are\n(3) African American\n(5) Native American\n(7) Economically disadvantaged\n(8) English language learners\n(9) Students with disabilities\nSchool Report Cards\nSimply testing students is not enough to hold schools accountable. Parents, students, and the general public have to be informed of the test results. Every year, school districts that receive Title I funds must prepare a Report Card for the individual public schools in that district. It must give details of the schools’ performance in each AYP element for the total school and for each student group. (For more on NCLB School Report Cards, please see our Pointers on that topic.)\nFor schools that receive federal Title I funding, the school’s AYP performance is also use to make special options available to students. To learn more about these options, please see our Bulletin on “Free Tutoring Available under the No Child Left Behind Act” and our Pointers on “Public School Choice Under NCLB.”\nIn addition to School Report Cards, parents receive a “Parent/Guardian Report” that gives details about their own child’s performance on MCAS assessments. To learn more about reports on individual students, please see our Bulletin “MCAS Parent/Guardian Report: A Roadmap.”\nFailure to Make AYP\nIn addition to the special options mentioned above that Title I schools must make available to families if they do not meet their AYP goals, NCLB also lays out an action plan to help districts and schools that are not meeting AYP goals. First, the district identifies the kind of help a school needs. Districts provide technical assistance and help the school administrators develop and carry out a school improvement plan with parental input. The plan might include professional development for teachers, or possibly a new curriculum. The point is to help schools in their efforts to improve student achievement.\nMass Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Resources on NCLB and AYP\nInformation on No Child Left Behind For Parents and Guardians\n• AYP Facts\nNCLB Report Cards\nSchool Choice Programs\nSupplemental Educational Services\n• School Leaders’ Guide to the 2009 Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Reports”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Every day, close to 3,600 children aged 19 and younger are treated for vehicle accident-related injuries in emergency rooms across the nation. To protect children in an auto accident, it's vital to learn ways to reduce this deadly serious risk.\nUse Safety Restraints Correctly\nEven with the plethora of restraint devices available, approximately 80 percent of children aren't properly secured when they ride in vehicles. Statistics clearly show that with proper and consistent use of child restraint seats, collision-related injuries and fatalities are preventable:\n- Correct use of a car seat lowers the risk of death by 71 percent for infants and 54 percent for toddlers.\n- Use of a booster seat reduces the risk of serious injuries in children aged 4 to 8 years in comparison to using only a seat belt.\nChild Seat and Seat Belt Safety Tips\nThe following tips can help you safeguard the lives of your children and reduce the risk of life-threatening injuries every time they ride:\n- Restrain children age 12 and under in the back seat even if your vehicle doesn't have front-seat air bags.\n- Use a rear-facing car seat for an infant weighing less than 20 pounds.\n- Never place a rear-facing car seat in the front seat, regardless of whether or not the vehicle is equipped with air bags.\n- Read the manufacturer's instructions and vehicle owner's manual to make certain you install a car seat correctly.\n- Place children over age 1 and weighing 20 to 40 pounds in a forward-facing car seat.\n- Restrain children aged 4 to 8 who weigh 40 to 80 pounds in a booster seat.\n- Children weighing over 80 pounds should be restrained with seat belts whenever the vehicle is moving.\n- Regardless of age and weight, don't switch from using a booster seat to a seat belt until a child is taller than 57 inches.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Air Quality Assessment\nARPA Lazio, the regional environmental agency operates several air quality monitoring sites\nin the Lazio Region, including Rome. The Rome monitoring network consists of 13 monitoring\nstations classified as four different types: A,B,C and D. Type A are usually located in areas\nnot directly affected by traffic sources such as parks or green areas. They monitor pollutants\nsuch as CO, SO2, NOx, NO, BTX, PM10 and O3. Type B are located in areas with heavy traffic\nconditions. They monitor CO, NOx, BTX, PM10 and O3. Type C are located in residential areas.\nThey monitor CO, NOx and BTX. Type D are located outside the urban area, almost in the countryside.\nThey monitor O3 and NOx, and are devoted to the control of photochemical pollution.\nThe monitoring network acquires concentration data every hour. Data are sent to the Regional\nEnvironmental Protection Agency (ARPA) for validation and delivered to the Environmental Department\nof the Municipality of Rome that is responsible for data collecting, storing and delivering.\nMoreover the Municipality of Rome carries out campaigns with diffusion tubes. These campaigns\nlast one week and are distributed across the whole urban area, during different periods of the year.\nMonitoring tubes are usually located in secondary streets, to provide information on background\nconcentrations. They last one week and are distributed in different periods of the year. BTX, NO2\nare measured plus O3 in summer time.\nFrom the analysis of the current air situation, it is evident that traffic is mainly responsible\nfor the high pollutant concentrations. Traffic is the main source of CO, C6H6 and PM10 concentrations.\nHigh concentrations are recorded next to heavy traffic areas, whilst background concentrations do not\nexceed the limits. SO2 concentrations are below limits and quality objectives as industrial activity\nhas ceased to be a dominant source of air pollution.\nIn the Rome Metropolitan area air quality indicators for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide are\nsometimes beyond the limits set in the EU directives on air quality, while Benzene is generally not a problem.\nIn the pictures, the PM10 and NO2 situation in the monitoring sites is shown. Industrial emissions have\nsteadily decreased over recent decades and previous modelling exercises show that management of transport\nrelated emissions may be a key factor in achieving compliance with the EU directives.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Health > Chilblains\nChilblans are a painful sore appearing on the foot or the hand which is caused by exposure to cold.\nThis condition may be associated with poor circulation.\nThe best treatment is to avoid getting cold and wet. Try hard not to scratch them.\nHerbal Remedies - A herbal poultice which may be useful can be made from one part cayenne pepper, one part slippery elm powder and two parts vegetable oil, mixed together and applied morning and night.\nA poultice of chickweed is also known to ease the pain of chilblains. Another good herb for chilblains is prickly ash - available as a tincture or in fluid extract.\nTry a cup of ginger tea twice a day. Eat garlic or take garlic capsules.\nGinkgo may also be very helpful for this condition.\nAromatherapy - Try black pepper essential oil in a foot bath or diluted in a light base cream.\nEat more fish, fresh fruit and vegetables, fibre, filtered water and get plenty of gentle exercise.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Physicists may have detected something unbelievable from space - watch the announcement live this morning\nCalled gravitational waves, the ripples in the fabric of space are caused by colliding black holes, merging neutron stars, exploding stars, and other cataclysmic events.Two astronomers discovered the first evidence of gravitational waves back in 1974.\n\"It would revolutionize physics to detect them,\" Szabi Marka, a physicist at Columbia University, told Tech Insider. \"Some say it's the last undiscovered territory of Einstein.\"Aside from proving fundamental physics, direct detection of gravitational waves would also open up a new era of astronomy. Researchers could detect exploding stars before any of their light reaches Earth, probe the secrets of black holes, and understand what happens when - and how often - dead stars violently collide.\n\"We could learn about something that was impossible to touch before,\" Marka said.Insiders believe the big news is that Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), a $1 billion experiment that has searched for signs of the phenomenon since 2002, has detected gravitational waves coming from two black holes colliding deep in space.Cliff Burgess, a physicist at McMaster University and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, told Tech Insider that this and similar rumors \"have only gotten more detailed since they first started going around last year\" and hopes they're not a ruse.\nToday we'll find out if those rumors are true - and you can too by watching the YouTube livestream video (below).\nThe National Science Foundation (NSF) is hosting the live feed along with scientists from LIGO.The feed should open up around 10:15 a.m. EST and officially begin at 10:30 a.m. EST on Thursday, February 11:\nNote that the NSF and LIGO webcast is probably going to be a bit technical, but Tech Insider will have a lot of nerds watching to bring you the latest news in comprehensible form.You can stay tuned for updates at TechInsider.io, follow us on Twitter, or keep tabs on our Facebook page.\n- MPs should put pressure on Centre to include Kerala's demands in central budget:CM\n- Final stage of Budget 2021-22 commences with Halwa ceremony\n- Farmers' Protest: Local eateries facing tough time due to free langars at Singhu Border\n- Venture Capital funding in India hits $3.1 billion in Q4 of 2020, says KPMG report\n- A scary proposal to use facial recognition and AI by an Indian state has experts fuming", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Modelling shows that ocean currents can concentrate slow-degrading debris in certain parts of the world’s oceans, leading to so-called ‘garbage patches’\nIt is estimated that between four and 12m metric tonnes of plastic makes its way into the ocean each year. This figure is only likely to rise, and a 2016 report predicted that by 2050 the amount of plastic in the sea will outweigh the amount of fish.\nA normal plastic bottle takes about 450 years to break down completely, so the components of a bottle dropped in the ocean today could still be polluting the waters for our great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-grandchildren.\nA lot of plastic debris in the ocean breaks down into smaller pieces and is ingested by marine life, and it is thought that a significant amount sinks to the sea bed. But a lot of it just floats around, and thanks to sophisticated modelling of ocean currents using drifting buoys, we can see where much of it ends up.\nOceanographer Erik van Sebille has shown that, thanks to strong ocean currents known as gyres, huge amounts of plastic end up in six “garbage patches” around the world, the largest one being in the north Pacific.\nAs can be seen in the image above, a bottle dropped in the water off the coast of China, near Shanghai, is likely be carried eastward by the north Pacific gyre and end up circulating a few hundred miles off the coast of the US.\nA bottle dropped off the Mexican coast, near Acapulco, is likely to be caught in the same gyre. Some of the plastic waste drifts south, but a huge amount is swept west towards Asia before floating north and ending up in the same area – the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By Jo Twist\nBBC News website science and technology reporter\nOnline communities set up by the UK government could encourage public debate and build trust, says the Institute of Public Policy Research (IPPR).\nExisting services such as eBay could provide a good blueprint for such services, says the think-tank.\nOnline auction site eBay has a 'reputation system'\nAlthough the net is becoming part of local and central government, its potential has not yet been fully exploited to create an online \"commons\" for public debate.\nIn its report, Is Online Community A Policy Tool?, the IPPR also asks if ID cards could help create safer online communities.\nAdopting an eBay-type model would let communities create their own markets for skills and services and help foster a sense of local identity and connection.\n\"What we are proposing is a civic commons,\" Will Davies, senior research fellow at the IPPR told the BBC News website.\n\"A single publicly funded and run online community in which citizens can have a single place to go where you can go to engage in diversity and in a way that might have a policy implication - like a pre-legislation discussion.\"\nThe idea of a \"civic commons\" was originally proposed by Stephen Coleman, professor of e-democracy at the Oxford Internet Institute.\nThe IPPR report points to informal, small scale examples of such commons that already exist.\nIt mentions good-practice public initiatives like the BBC's iCan project which connects people locally and nationally who want to take action around important issues.\nBut he adds, government could play a bigger role in setting up systems of trust for online communities too.\nProposals for ID cards, for instance, could also be widened to see if they could be used online.\nThey could provide the basis for a secure authentication system which could have value for peer-to-peer interaction online.\n\"At the moment they have been presented as a way for government to keep tabs on people and ensuring access to public services,\" said Mr Davies.\n\"But what has not been explored is how authentication technology may potentially play a role in decentralised online communities.\"\nThe key idea to take from systems such as eBay and other online communities is letting members rate each other's reputation by how they treat other members.\nUsing a similar mechanism, trust and cooperation between members of virtual and physical communities could be built.\nThis could mean a civic commons would work within a non-market system which lets people who may disagree with one another interact within publicly-recognised rules.\nE-government initiatives over the last decade have very much been about putting basic information and service guides online as well as letting people interact with government via the web.\nMany online communities, such as chatrooms, mailing lists, community portals, message boards and weblogs often form around common interests or issues.\nWith 53% of UK households now with access to the net, the government, suggests Mr Davies, could act as an intermediary or \"middleman\" to set up public online places of debate and exchange to encourage more \"cosmopolitan politics\" and public trust in policy.\neBay rewards sellers that have exceptional levels of success and positive feedback\n\"Government already plays a critical role in helping citizens trade with each other online.\n\"But it should also play a role in helping citizens connect to one another in civic, non-market interactions,\" said Mr Davies.\nThere is a role for public bodies like the BBC, libraries, and government to bring people back into public debate again instead of millions of \"cliques\" talking to each other, he added.\nThe paper is part of the IPPR's Digital Society initiative which is producing a number of conferences and research papers leading up to the publication of A Manifesto For A Digital Britain.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Back to Calculation Tips & Tricks\n- even numbers 2 through selected 2-digit evens\n- digits of square of repeating ones\n- consecutive odds\n- consecutive between 2 numbers\n- sequence from 1 to selected 2-digit number\n- sequence from 1 to selected 1-digit number and back\n- sequences in the 10's\n- sequences in the 20's\n- sequences in the 30's\n- sequences in the 40's\n- sequences in the 50's\n- sequences in the 60's\n- sequences in the 70's\n- sequences in the 80's\n- series of doubles\n- series of quadruples\n- series of 10 numbers\n- 1's repeating, divide by 9, subtract 21\n- 8's repeating, divide by 9, subtract 10\n- squares of two numbers\n- reversing/adding/subtracting 3-digit numbers\n- finding 2.5 percent\n- finding 5 percent\n- finding 15 percent\n- finding 20 percent\n- finding 25 percent\n- finding 33 1/3 percent\n- finding 40 percent\n- finding 45 percent\n- finding 55 percent\n- finding 60 percent\n- finding 70 percent\n- finding 75 percent\na series of doubles\n- Have a friend choose a a single digit number. (No restrictions for experts.)\n- Ask your friend to jot down a series of doubles (where the next term is always\ndouble the preceding one), and tell you the last term.\n- Ask your friend to add up all these terms.\n- You will give the answer before he or she can finish: The sum of all the terms\nof this series will be two times the last term minus the first term.\n- If the number selected is 9:\n- The series jotted down is: 9, 18, 36, 72, 144.\n- Two times the last term (144) minus the first (9):\n2 × 144 = 288; 288 - 9 = 279.\n- So the sum of the doubles from 9 through 144 is 279.\nSee the pattern? Here's one for the experts:\n- The number selected is 32:\n- The series jotted down is: 64, 128, 256, 512.\n- Two times the last term (512) minus the first (64):\n2 × 512 = 1024; 1024 - 32 = 1024 - 30 - 2 = 994 - 2 = 992.\n- So the sum of the doubles from 32 through 512 is 992.\nRemember to subtract in steps from left to right.\nWith practice you will be expert in summing series.\n© 1994-2014 Drexel University. All rights reserved.\nHome || The Math Library || Quick Reference || Search || Help\nThe Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel University School of Education.\n29 April 1996\nWeb page design by Sarah Seastone", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Withdrawal is the response of the body to the discontinuance of an addictive substance. The symptoms can range from mild to severe and in extreme cases can be life threatening.\nWith all addictive substances, the body tolerates higher and higher doses and the therapeutic effect of the drug is lessened. However, the body's functions adjust themselves to the addition of the drug so that the addicted person may function more or less normally. However, once the addict ceases to use the drug, the body reacts adversely until it can once again adjust to the new situation, for example:\n- It mistakes the lack of the drug for poisoning and rejects food, making the patient nauseous and inducing vomiting.\n- It believes that the body temperature is too high and starts sweating to reduce it.\n- Normal sleep cycles are disturbed, causing insomnia and fatigue.\nAll addictive substances cause withdrawal. The symptoms can be mild (caffeine withdrawal causes fatigue, nausea and headaches), to moderate (nicotine withdrawal causes anxiety) to severe (alcohol withdrawal, or the DTs, can cause hallucinations, anxiety, convulsions and death). Withdrawal can also result from the sudden cessation of therapeutic drugs such as tranquilizers or steroids.\nSome drugs can be substituted for the addictive drugs, thus preventing the withdrawal symptoms. For example, methadone is a common substitute for heroin, and the nicotine patch contains the same drug as cigarettes without the side effects.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Innovative MABR Research Makes Lake and Stream Conservation More Effective\nMABR scientists have developed a pioneering, comprehensive approach that makes conserving and managing freshwater lakes, streams and wetlands more integrated and effective.\n“We call our approach landscape limnology,” explained Patricia Soranno, MABR fisheries and wildlife scientist. “It’s a new way to study fresh water that considers all fresh waters together—lakes, rivers and wetlands—as they interact with one another and with natural and human landscapes. Our goal is to improve our broad understanding of the diversity of freshwater resources and to give freshwater managers science-based tools to manage and protect these bodies of water.”\nThe research was published in the June 1 issue of the journal BioScience.\nMichigan has more than 10,000 freshwater lakes larger than 5 acres, 30,000 miles of streams and more than 10,000 square miles of wetlands. State agencies—mainly the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DNRE)—are charged with the enormous task of managing these freshwater resources to make sure all needs are met, including overseeing fish stocking and fishing regulations, applying herbicides to control aquatic plants, and setting withdrawal regulations and nutrient standards. But with limited budgets, data can be collected on only a small percentage of these aquatic resources.\nLandscape limnology uses geographical information systems (GIS) data from satellites and aerial photos, including information on land use, soils and geology around the freshwater resources. This information is combined with data collected in the field, such as fish population numbers or nutrient levels in the water, to create models that decision makers can use to decide on the best management and conservation strategies to meet their goals.\nLandscape limnology differs from traditional limnology by looking at freshwater resources as an integrated part of a complex landscape of terrestrial and aquatic elements rather than considering each lake or wetland as a single, isolated entity.\nSoranno and MSU co-authors Mary Bremigan, MABR fisheries and wildlife scientist, and Kendra Spence Cheruvelil, assistant professor of fisheries and wildlife, said many current and emerging environmental issues have causes that range in scale from local to global. All three are members of the MSU Landscape Limnology Research Group. Land use change, exotic species invasions and climate change are all complex issues linked in ways that can be understood only by taking an approach that includes all these scales as well as freshwater, terrestrial and human landscape information. The Asian carp invasion, for example, may be linked to an increase in water temperature associated with climate change, the interconnectivity of inland lakes and streams, and the type of development happening along the shoreline.\n“A landscape approach that considers what’s happening at both the local water-body scale and at the broader regional scale is really the only way to study these types of issues,” Cheruvelil said. “If you look at only one ecosystem in isolation, you don’t see the whole picture.”\n“The landscape limnology framework makes it easy to run several complementary models at the same time,” Bremigan added. “Right now, the people who manage fish use one model, and the people who manage nutrient levels use a completely different model, and they’re rarely compatible, so it can be difficult to see how changes in one affect the other. Landscape limnology models make it easier to see the relationships among all the variables.”\nThe DNRE began using the MSU scientists’ landscape limnology approach in 2006 to set and manage nutrient levels in the state’s freshwater lakes and streams, and the managers are very pleased with the results.\n“The state of Michigan had to present our approach to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] officials, and they gave us a very favorable review,” Soranno said. “Now we’re starting to work with agencies outside Michigan.”\nOther paper co-authors are Katherine Webster, of the School of Biological Sciences at Queen’s University in Belfast; Tyler Wagner, of the Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey, at Pennsylvania State University; and Craig Snow, of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.\nThe research is supported by the EPA Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watershed National Lakes Assessment Planning Project. The research of Soranno and Bremigan also is supported by Michigan AgBioResearch.\nClick to subscribe to our e-publications:Subscribe", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Open Access This article is\n- freely available\nAerospace 2018, 5(3), 81; doi:10.3390/aerospace5030081\nLife Cycle Assessment of Ramie Fiber Used for FRPs\nSchool of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), 73 Hanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China\nFaculty of Science & Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), Ningbo 315000, China\nNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AVIC Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd. (ACC), Beijing 101300, China\nAuthor to whom correspondence should be addressed.\nReceived: 15 June 2018 / Accepted: 31 July 2018 / Published: 3 August 2018\nWith the depletion of natural resources and the deterioration of environment, natural fiber based biomaterials are attracting more and more attentions. Natural fibers are considered to be renewable, biodegradable, and ecofriendly, and have been applied to be used as alternative reinforcements to traditional glass fibers for polymer based composites (GFRP). Natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites have been found to be manufactured as secondary structures or interior parts of aircrafts or automobiles. In this paper, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) study was performed to demonstrate the possible advantages of ramie fiber on environmental impacts and to provide fundamental data for the further assessment of ramie fiber reinforced polymers (RFRP) and its structures. By collecting the material inventories of the production process of ramie fiber, the environmental impacts of ramie fiber (characterized by eight main impact categories, which are climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity potential, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil depletion) were calculated and compared with that of glass fiber. Found if spinning process is ignored within the production of the ramie fiber, ramie fiber exhibits better ozone depletion and they have almost the same values of climate change and terrestrial acidification in terms of glass fiber. However, if the spinning process is included, ramie fiber only performs better in terms of ozone depletion. And degumming and carding and spinning processes are the processes that cause more pollution.\nKeywords:ramie fiber; life cycle assessment; glass fibre; environmental impacts\nFiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have been widely used in modern industries because of their numerous advantages, like high specific strength and modulus, excellent fatigue performances, resistance to corrosion, and so on. The areas in which FRPs have been applied include aircraft, automotive, marine, sporting goods, infrastructure, and so on .\nThe fiber reinforcements used for FRPs are generally carbon- or glass-fibers. The production of such traditional fibers will bring in high emissions of greenhouse gases and the depletion of raw material natural resources (e.g., fossil fuel). Natural fibers are introduced and used in secondary or decorative structures considering their mechanical properties, because they are considered to be raw materials available, biodegradable, eco-friendly. Recently, natural fibers (e.g., ramie fiber, flax fiber, etc.) have been developed and utilized as a substitute for traditional glass fiber, to serve as fiber reinforcements of FRPs [2,3,4].\nThe life cycle assessment (LCA) of FRPs has received extensive attention for a better understanding of the environmental problems of FRPs and its structures. For example, regarding the traditional carbon FRPs (CFRPs) and glass FRPs (GFRPs), Foraboschi [5,6] studied the environmental problems of using FRP to strengthen masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) structures. For natural fiber reinforced polymers (NFRPS), there are many LCA studies on various natural fibers. Le Duigou et al. , and Summerscales and Dissanayake  have studied the environmental problems of flax fiber used in FRPs. Also, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) study was done between two bus body components made of hemp fiber reinforced polymers (HFRP) and GFRP . It was found that the hemp-based composites show a lower environmental impact. Furthermore, LCA studies of jute fiber and sisal fiber have also been found [9,10].\nIn this article, the LCA of another widely used natural fiber, ramie fiber, was studied, because it is one of the best fibers that has better mechanical properties  in natural fibers and it can be used in ramie fiber reinforced polymers (RFRP). To the best of our knowledge, research about the environmental problems of ramie fiber is still limited.\nRamie, known as Chinese grass, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Urticaceae family and it is mainly cultivated in Asia . China contributes more than 90% of the cultivation of ramie in the world . In Chinese major production areas, ramie can be harvested three times in one year . As ramie fibers are abundant and can meet the requirements of FRP manufacturing, in the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme between China and European (Grant No., 690638), ramie fiber was selected to manufacture some of the secondary structures of airports.\nIn the present study, a cradle-to-gate LCA was performed for the ramie fiber in order to demonstrate the possible advantages of ramie fiber on the environmental impacts and to provide fundamental data for further the assessment of RFRP and its structures. The inventories of the processes, including ramie cultivation, harvesting, peeling, transportation, degumming, and carding and spinning, were collected and calculated. Then, eight environmental categories, namely, climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity potential, ozone depletion, photochemical oxidant creation, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil depletion, were used to characterize the environmental impacts of the ramie fiber. Finally, the environmental impacts of the ramie fiber were compared with that of glass fiber, based on the same mass. A professional LCA software, GaBi, was used to perform the LCA study . The results show that if the spinning process is ignored within the production of the ramie fiber, the ramie fiber exhibits better ozone depletion and they have almost the same values on categories like climate change and terrestrial acidification, in terms of glass fibre. However, if the spinning process is included, the ramie fiber performs only better in term of the ozone depletion. The degumming, and carding and spinning processes are the processes that cause more pollution.\nQuantitative LCA was the research methodology that was used in the present study to quantify the environmental performance of the ramie fiber. LCA is an internationally accepted method to assess the environmental impacts of a product or product system. With the collected and/or calculated inputs and outputs of the whole life cycle of a product or product system, LCA can be performed according to some standards (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 [15,16]), in order to evaluate the related environmental impacts quantitatively. A complete LCA study includes four stages, goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis (LCI), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), and life cycle interpretation . The following explicitly explains the calculation and/or estimation methods used.\n2.1. Goal and Scope Definition\nThe goal of an LCA study is related to its intended application and audience, while the scope of an LCA is related to the studied system. The goal of the present study is to get the fundamental data regarding the environmental impacts of ramie fibers. The scope of this study includes ramie cultivation and harvesting, peeling, transportation, degumming, carding and spinning (shown in Figure 1).\n2.2. Functional Unit\nThe functional unit is specified to provide a reference to which the inputs and outputs are connected. As the specific modulus of the ramie fiber and glass fiber are both 29 × 105 m , the functional unit was defined as 1000 kg of ramie fiber, which can offer the same stiffness as glass fiber on a weight-for-weight basis. However, where the composites are concerned, the lower density of the ramie fiber would lead to an increasing use of polymers in the RFRP rather than in the GFRP, if the volume content of polymers in both FRPs is the same.\n2.3. Allocation Principle\nAllocation is very important during the performance of LCA, and different allocation methods and a different set up of the primary products would affect the final environmental burdens of the product or product system studied [8,18]. In the present study, the allocation was performed twice based on the mass ratio of primary products to the by-products. At first, the allocation was done in the ramie cultivation, harvesting, and peeling process, where raw ramie fiber was considered as the primary product and the ramie leaves, ramie stalk, and ramie bark (excluding raw ramie fiber) were considered as by-products. Also, in the carding and spinning process, allocation was performed again and long fibers were considered as a primary product, while short fibers and shives were considered as by-products.\nThe environmental impacts are characterized by eight categories, which are climate change, freshwater eutrophication, ozone depletion, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant creation and terrestrial acidification, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil depletion, and were allocated based on the principle stated above.\n2.4. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis\nThe life cycle inventory analysis is the second step to complete a LCA. In this step, all of the inputs and outputs related to the processes within the scope need to be collected. According to the scope of the study, the inputs and outputs of the ramie cultivation, harvesting, peeling, transportation, degumming, and spinning processes need to be collected. The data used in this article comes from published papers, theses, websites, and also a ramie textile mill, named Hunan Huansheng Dongting Maye Company Limited, which is located in Yueyang city, Hunan province, China.\n2.4.1. Inputs and Outputs of Ramie Cultivation, Harvesting, and Peeling\nAs for the inputs of ramie cultivation, there is no need for seeding after each harvesting, because ramie is a perennial herbaceous plant and cuttage propagation is the main method for planting ramie. Averagely 12.8 kg N, 3.2 kg P2O5, and 16.5 kg K2O are needed for producing 100 kg of raw ramie fiber [19,20]. To decrease the weeds, 7.5 kg diuron together with 40 kg water per hectare  are used, and 0.42 kg cyhalothrin together with 675 kg water per hectare are assumed to be used for reducing the number of pesticides. It is assumed that a chisel plough was used in winter for weeding once a year, and the amount of diesel consumed was set as 8.8 L/ha . The amount of diesel consumed by agricultural equipment for spraying agrochemicals was set as 1 L/ha . It is assumed that no irrigation was applied during the growth of ramie fiber.\nConcerning the outputs of ramie cultivation, 3142.9 kg ramie leaves, 2357.1 kg ramie stalk, together with 1642.9 kg ramie bark (including raw ramie fiber) will be obtained when 1000 kg of raw ramie fiber is obtained . An average value (2337 kg per year per hectare) of raw ramie fiber yield was set according to the real situation in Hunan province, China, because Hunan province (central area of China) is the main ramie production area in China and the cooperative ramie textile mill is located in Hunan province. Table 1 shows the annual raw ramie yield of Hunan province from 2000 to 2016, with missed data of 2009–2014, which is reported by the ministry of agriculture, China . Moreover, the application of fertilizers will cause emissions of nitrogen gaseous fluxes and nitrogen leaching, which can be estimated according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 method . Also, the emission factors of cyhalothrin to air, water, and soil are set as 0.01, 0.005, and 0.013 . Phosphorus leaching was estimated according to the emission factor 0.01 . The emissions of producing fertilizers, pesticide, herbicide, and water were acquired from GaBi databases and the pesticide and herbicide used in GaBi software to compute the environmental impacts were an unspecific type.\nThe emissions from producing and the combustion of diesel are the main causes for environmental pollution in the ramie harvesting process. A 4 LMZ 160 crawler-type ramie harvester with 25.7 kW auxiliary power was used for harvesting the ramie fiber and its average harvesting rate is 0.15 hectare per hour . When the consumption of diesel used for harvesting was computed, the specific fuel consumption was set as 0.2448 kg/kW·h, according to the data sheet of T35 type of diesel engine (whose power is 24 kW) of Changchai Company Limited . As for diesel combustion, the emission factors of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) were set as 0.0291 g/kg, 3.04 g/kg, 0.0571 g/kg, 0.00415 g/kg, and 0.00916 g/kg, respectively .\nAs for the peeling process, generating electricity is the main reason accounting for emissions to the natural environment. A 6BZ-400 model ramie barker was assumed to peel the bark from the ramie stem, and its auxiliary power and peeling rate are 2.8 kW and 10 kg/h. The emissions of generating electricity were taken from GaBi.\nAn allocation was performed during this process based on the mass of raw ramie fiber, ramie leaves, ramie stalk, and ramie barks (excluding raw ramie fiber) and 14% of the environmental burdens were assigned to raw ramie fiber. The allocation was performed with the help of GaBi software. The biogenetic carbon storage of the ramie fiber was also considered in this work. The amount of carbon stored by the natural fiber depends on its cellulose content . The degummed ramie fiber mainly consists of cellulose, and according to the literature , and when 1 kg of natural fiber is produced, 1.5 kg CO2 would be absorbed.\nTable 2 summarizes the inputs and outputs of producing 1000 kg of raw ramie fiber.\n2.4.2. Inputs and Outputs of Transportation\nThe GaBi software contains almost all of the transport modes. In the present paper, the transportation process was modeled with GaBi. The transportation distance between the ramie field and the manufacturing factory is assumed as 50 km. A Euro 5 diesel truck with a 3.3 ton payload capacity was set to be the transportation method, considering the yield of the ramie fiber. Although the distance from field to factory is difficult to determine precisely, the environmental impacts of this process contribute very little to the overall environmental impacts, which can be seen from later parts.\n2.4.3. Inputs and Outputs of Degumming Process\nBecause there are gummy matters (20–40% of the mass of raw ramie fiber), mainly composed of hemicellulose and pectin in raw ramie fibers , the raw ramie fiber cannot be used directly in FRPs until they are degummed. Degumming methods mainly include chemical, enzymatic, and microbial methods , and in the present study, enzymes together with chemicals (shown in Figure 2) were used to get the degummed fiber in this study.\nThe inputs of the degumming process were the chemicals (shown in Table 3) used to dissolve and remove the gummy matters, which were collected from the cooperative company mentioned above. It is known that, when 100 kg of raw ramie fibers were degummed, 60 kg degummed ramie fiber would be obtained, and 11 kg sulphuric acid, 20.25 kg sodium hydroxide, 2.4 kg hypochlorous, and 1.4 kg degumming agent would be consumed. The emissions for producing the chemicals used in this process were taken from the GaBi databases, except for degumming agent because of commercial confidentiality. As the dosage of the degumming agent is usually very small, the environmental impacts of producing and using the degumming agent have not been taken into consideration in this study. The environmental impacts of producing enzymes were not included in this paper, because of a lack of reliable data. A lack of data regarding the environmental impacts of hypochlorous acid, when the GaBi model was built, led to the use of calcium hypochlorite in order to produce hypochlorous acid, according to a chemical reaction among calcium hypochlorite, carbon dioxide, and water.\nThe outputs of the degumming process were mainly wastewater and it mainly comes from the pickling, boiling, washing, and bleaching processes. The wastewater from ramie degumming process usually has high pH value, high contents of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The wastewater cannot be discharged directly until it has been well treated. In this study, the wastewater treatment method was set based on the literature , in which a acidifying hydrolysis/biological oxidation/photochemical process method was utilized in a sewage treatment plant to make the wastewater meet the requirements of the national sewage discharge standard in China. To run the whole treatment process, electricity and chlorine need to be supplied constantly and the environmental impacts of producing electricity and chlorine were also within the system boundary in the present study. After treatment, the contents of COD, BOD, and sulfide were set as 300 mg/L, 100 mg/L according to the national wastewater discharge standard in China.\nTable 3 shows the inputs and outputs for producing 1000 kg of degummed ramie fiber and the emissions of producing water, electricity, chlorine, sulphuric acid, and sodium hydroxide were taken from GaBi software.\n2.4.4. Inputs and Outputs of Carding and Spinning Process\nDegummed ramie fibers could be spun to get yarns, which were used to for the comparison to glass filaments. Before spinning, carding is necessary to get long degummed ramie fibers suitable for spinning, and short fibers and shives that could be used in other ways like building particle boards or animal beddings. Therefore, the allocation was performed again in this stage, based on the mass of long fibers and others. Based on the data from the cooperative factory, only 30% of the degummed fibers will be formed into yarns. The electricity consumption for the carding and spinning are based on the data for the flax fiber carding and spinning , because of no reliable data are available for ramie carding and spinning. Table 4 shows the inputs and outputs of the ramie carding and spinning process.\n2.5. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)\nIn the LCIA stage, the emissions and resource extraction will be translated into several environmental impact scores by multiplying the corresponding characterization factors. There are mainly two types of characterization factors, which are at a midpoint level and endpoint level, respectively.\nIn this paper, the ReCiPe method was chosen to model the environmental impacts of different fibers with the help of GaBi software. The environmental impact categories used to characterize the overall environmental performance of every fiber are climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, ozone depletion, human toxicity, photochemical oxidants creation, freshwater eco-toxicity, and fossil depletion.\nThe inputs and outputs of the processes involved in the scope of this study were used to build models in GaBi software.\nInterpretation was the final step of an LCA study, and by interpretating the results from LCIA stage, the processes that have a high potential for pollution would be identified, and some useful conclusions and recommendations can be made.\n3. Results and Discussions\nUsing the inputs and outputs from the LCI stage, the ReCiPe method and the eight main environmental categories to characterize the environmental performance of the ramie fiber, the LCIA results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 3.\nAs can be seen from Table 5 and Figure 3, when the environmental burdens of the ramie yarns were compared to that of the glass fibers, the ramie yarns only performed better in terms of ozone depletion, with a reduction rate of 98.29%. However, as for the other categories, the glass fibers are more eco-friendly compared with the ramie yarns. When the environmental performance of the ramie fibers (after carding and without spinning) are compared to that of the glass fibers, the ramie fibers (after carding and without spinning) perform better on ozone depletion, with a reduction rate of 98.37%, and it has almost the same values for climate change and terrestrial acidification compared to glass fiber.\nConcerning identifying the processes that contribute the most to the overall environment pollution, as can be seen Table 6 and Figure 4, the degumming process and carding and spinning process are the main causes for massive environmental pollution. The percentages of the degumming process and spinning and carding process that contributes to climate change, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, ozone depletion, human toxicity, photochemical oxidant formation, freshwater ecotoxicity, and fossil depletion is 65.2% and 58.3%, 76.9% and 20.4%, 74.2% and 0.28%, 94.3% and 5.05%, 81.4% and 17.5%, 79.2% and 18.8%, 68.7% and 0.95%, and 53.7% and 41.1%, respectively. The cultivation, harvesting, and peeling processes mainly contribute to freshwater eutrophication, ozone depletion, and freshwater ecotoxicity, and the negative value caused by these processes are due to the absorption of carbon dioxide. The transportation process contributes little to all eight of these categories, compared to other processes.\nFrom the results above, it seems that the environmental performance of ramie fiber is not so competitive compared with glass fiber, especially when the spinning process was included into the whole manufacturing system of the ramie fiber. However, this idea may not be true. Because, at first, compared with the manufacturing technology of glass fiber, the production techniques of the ramie fiber are still not perfect and there is still a lot of room for improvement in the production techniques of ramie fiber. Then, there are no production techniques just for RFRP. For example, during the degumming process of the ramie fiber, when ramie fibers are used in FRPs, there may be no need for bleaching, which will reduce the consumption of sodium hypochlorite, washing water, and the releasing of treated wastewater. Then, the residual gum rate of the degummed ramie fiber should be less than 2% in the textile industry, while in the FRPs, the residual gum rate may be not so strict, which means that less chemicals may be used in the degumming process. Next, the spinning requirements for the textiles and FRPs may be different too. Finally, ramie fibers can degrade automatically, which can reduce the energy required for handling the disposals made of RFRP.\nBased on the discussion above, more research should be performed to establish the manufacturing technologies of the ramie fiber just for RFRP. Degumming and spinning processes are the main processes that can be targeted to decrease the environmental burdens of ramie fibers used for FRPs.\nAlthough some results have been obtained, there are also some limitations in this article. Firstly, the data used in the calculation is relatively limited, which means there will be more uncertainty regarding the final results. Then, data from the cooperative ramie textile mill was collected by the local workers in the mill, because of commercial confidentiality, which means there may be some variation because they know nothing about LCA principles. However, this study did provide some useful information and conclusions in general.\nAccording to LCA, the input and output data of the production processes of ramie fibers were summarized and analyzed. The comparison of LCA between the ramie fibers and glass fibers were performed. The following conclusions can be drawn based on the above study.\nAccording to the results of LCA, if the spinning process was included within the manufacturing of the ramie fiber, the ramie fiber performs better than glass fiber only in ozone depletion. 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Comparison between three different kinds of fibers in terms of the eight main environmental categories.\nFigure 4. Percentages of different processes that contribute to the eight different environmental impact categories of ramie yarns.\nTable 1. Yields of ramie fiber of 2000–2016 with missed data of 2009–2014 in Hunan province.\nTable 2. Inputs and output of producing 1000 kg of raw ramie fiber.\n|382.1 kg||Raw ramie fiber||1000 kg|\n|69.6 kg||Ramie bark|\n(excluding raw ramie fiber)\n|275 kg||Ramie leaf||3142.9 kg|\n|Diuron||9.6 kg||Ramie stalk||2357.1 kg|\n|Cyhalothrin||0.5 kg||Carbon monoxide||1.7 g|\n|Water||917.8 kg||Carbon dioxide||176.5 g|\n|Electricity||280 kW·h||Nitrous oxide||5.4 kg|\n|Diesel||58 kg||Nitrogen oxides||3.3 g|\n|Sequestered atmospheric CO2||1500 kg||Sulfur dioxide||0.2 g|\n|Emission of cyhalothrin to air||5 g|\n|Emission of cyhalothrin to water||2.5 g|\n|Emission of cyhalothrin to soil||6.5 g|\n|Phosphate to water||0.14 kg|\nThis table does not include the inputs of the ramie rootstock and soil components consumed, which are about four tons. NMVOC—non-methane volatile organic compounds.\nTable 3. Inputs and outputs of producing 1000 kg of degummed ramie fiber. COD—chemical oxygen demand; BOD—biochemical oxygen demand.\n|Water||733 tons||Degummed ramie fiber||1000 kg|\n|Electricity||1475.52 kW·h||Pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose||666.7 kg|\n|Chlorine||8.8 kg||Wastewater (treated)||733 tons|\n|Sulphuric acid||183.3 kg||COD||300 mg/L|\n|Sodium hydroxide||337.5 kg||BOD||100 mg/L|\n|Hypochlorous acid||40.0 kg|\n|Ramie degumming agent||23.3 kg|\n|Steam from biomass||16.7 tons|\n|Raw ramie fiber||1666.7 kg|\nTable 4. Inputs and outputs of producing 1000 kg ramie yarns.\n|Electricity||7260 kW·h||Ramie yarns||1000 kg|\n|Degummed ramie fiber||3333.3 kg||Short fibers and shives||2333.3 kg|\nTable 5. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results of one ton ramie yarns, ramie fiber (after carding), and glass fibers.\n|Environmental Impact Category||Unit||Glass Fibers||Ramie Fiber|\n|Climate change||kg CO2-Equiv.||1740||1770||3790|\n|Terrestrial acidification||kg SO2 eq.||10.3||10.9||13.4|\n|Freshwater eutrophication||kg P eq.||5.25 × 10−3||86.9 × 10−3||87.1 × 10−3|\n|Ozone depletion||kg CFC-11 eq.||483 × 10−10||7.88 × 10−10||8.26 × 10−10|\n|Human toxicity potential||kg 1,4-DB eq.||20.8||147||175|\n|Photochemical oxidant formation||kg NMVOC||5.26||11.9||14.4|\n|Freshwater ecotoxicity||kg 1,4-DB eq.||0.461||4.12||4.15|\n|Fossil depletion||kg oil eq.||578||832||1.34 × 103|\nTable 6. Values of the eight categories contributed by different production processes of ramie yarns.\n|Environmental Impact Category||Unit||Transportation||Cultivation, Harvesting and Peeling||Carding and Spinning||Degumming|\n|Climate change||kg CO2-Equiv.||31||−921||2210||2400|\n|Terrestrial acidification||kg SO2 eq.||0.024||0.346||2.74||4.94|\n|Freshwater eutrophication||kg P eq.||5.9 × 10−5||0.0125||24.1 × 10−5||0.027|\n|Ozone depletion||kg CFC-11 eq.||0||5.30 × 10−12||41.7 × 10−12||738 × 10−12|\n|Human toxicity potential||kg 1,4-DB eq.||0||1.8||30.6||63|\n|Photochemical oxidant formation||kg NMVOC||0.0431||0.353||2.7||4.39|\n|Freshwater ecotoxicity||kg 1,4-DB eq.||1.25 × 10−11||1.26||0.0395||2.51|\n|Fossil depletion||kg oil eq.||1.4||67.6||550||701|\n© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Life Cycle of the Hummingbird\nHummingbirds are a group of numerous and colorful birds that inhabit the American continent. These little beings are capable of living in a great variety of ecosystems, as they adapt quite well to the environment. In general, the life cycle of the hummingbird isn’t usually complex, but it does have impressive characteristic features.\nHummingbirds belong to the Trochilidae family, in which there are about 330 species. This group can inhabit places as far-ranging as beaches, coasts, jungles, forests, and mountains, as well as arid or urban environments. Read on to learn more about these beautiful birds and their way of life.\nWhat are hummingbirds like?\nAll hummingbirds are small birds that weigh between 2 and 24 grams and are characterized by the shape of their beaks and their amazing way of flapping. Their feet are so small that they don’t even allow them to walk on the ground, which means that they spend most of their lives flying. In addition to this, most of them exhibit iridescent plumage that is extremely attractive to the eye.\nThe members of this group are nectarivores, which means that they feed on the nectar of flowers. For this reason, the beaks of hummingbirds are elongated and thin, because if they weren’t they wouldn’t be able to drink in the liquid. In fact, thanks to this they’re also considered to be excellent pollinators, as they impregnate and transport pollen during their meals.\nThese birds are distinguished by their extraordinary flying ability; they’re able to stay suspended in the air or fly in any direction. To accomplish this feat, they need powerful muscles that allow them to flap 80 to 200 times per second. Thanks to this machinery, they reach speeds of between 50 and 90 kilometers per hour (30-55 miles per hour).\nThe ability to flap consumes large amounts of energy, and so their metabolism has adapted to this situation. The speed with which the hummingbird processes its nutrients is so incredible that each specimen has to consume half its body weight in food per day. Also, the speed with which it metabolizes food causes it to experience body temperatures of almost 40° C.\nThe life cycle of the hummingbird: migration\nSome species in this group show a migratory behavior in which they cross great distances to reach warmer areas during winter. These movements can be a great challenge for these birds, as they need to consume large quantities of food for the amount of energy they use. When spring arrives, they fly back to their territories to begin their reproduction.\nAn impressive example is that of the Rufous Buzzard (Selasphorus rufus), as it travels approximately 3,500 kilometers (2170 miles) from Alaska to southern Mexico. These trips are possible thanks to the multiple stops it makes during its journey.\nReproduction of hummingbirds\nThe males are usually quite aggressive and territorial, so when they return from their migration they compete with others to establish their limits. Usually, the male of the species returns a week or two before the female to the breeding area in order to take up the best space and the greatest amount of resources.\nCourtship and mating\nWhen the female returns from her migration in spring, the mating season begins. During it, the male performs a showy and energetic courtship that consists of ascending and descending flights in a U-shape in which it displays its plumage. In addition to this, it also performs vocalizations and flaps as quickly as possible in order to attract the attention of its potential partner.\nFor her part, the female bases her choice on two main aspects: the characteristics of the male and the territory he occupies. It’s important for the female to have a secure food supply (as her life and that of her young will depend on it), so she takes this aspect seriously.\nIn general, these small birds have polygamous mating, so the male usually has several reproductive partners. For this reason, most of the rearing and building of the nest are the female’s tasks, which causes her to be so selective in the choice of her mate.\nHummingbirds are oviparous animals that use nests to hatch their eggs. These constructions have different sizes according to the species, although most are as small as a golf ball. To make it, the females make use of branches, leaves, cobwebs, lichens, and mosses. Similarly, they choose their location (close to the ground or high in the trees).\nEgg-laying, incubation, and rearing\nThe number of eggs a hummingbird can lay varies between species, but on average it’s usually 2 per nest. For its part, the incubation time ranges from 18 to 20 days, during which the female remains in the nest for as long as possible.\nThe baby hummingbirds emerge from the eggs at the end of incubation and it’s at this time that the mother begins to feed them with nectar and insects. As in other birds, females nurture their chicks by regurgitation.\nThe young remain in the nest while their feathers grow and until they’re capable of flight, which could last approximately 3 weeks. The moment they learn to fly, the chicks begin to look for their own food and begin their independence. However, to ensure that they’ll not starve, the mother could continue to feed them during their first days outside the nest.\nThe life cycle of the adult hummingbird and its survival\nOnce independent, the adults leave their nest and never return. A hummingbird’s first year is usually the hardest of its life, as it faces other large and strong creatures. Despite this, once they leave the nest, the probability that they’ll die is quite low, since most deaths occur during incubation.\nDuring the life cycle of the hummingbird, this organism has to avoid a series of dangers that cause its death in the first months of age. For this reason, experts tell us that most hummingbirds die before reaching one year of age. However, the average life of a hummingbird can be 6 or 7 years (or a maximum of 10).\nContrary to what one might think, the frenetic life these birds live doesn’t affect their quality of life. This shows that the adaptation of these birds is beyond our imagination, and that they exhibit unique characteristics without any negative consequences. Despite their size, hummingbirds are undoubtedly one of the most curious and beautiful birds in nature.\nAll cited sources were thoroughly reviewed by our team to ensure their quality, reliability, currency, and validity. The bibliography of this article was considered reliable and of academic or scientific accuracy.\n- Arizmendi Arriaga, M. D. C. (2014). Colibríes de México y Norteamérica, Hummingbirds of Mexico and North America/María del Coro Arizmendi y Humberto Antonio Berlanga García (No. 598.899 A7.).\n- Torres, M. G., & Navarro-Sigüenza, A. G. (2000). Los colibríes de México, brillo de la biodiversidad. Biodiversitas, 28, 1-6.\n- Russell, R. W., Carpenter, F. L., Hixon, M. A., & Paton, D. C. (1994). The impact of variation in stopover habitat quality on migrant Rufous Hummingbirds. Conservation Biology, 8(2), 483-490.\n- Miller, R. S., & Gass, C. L. (1985). Survivorship in hummingbirds: is predation important?. The Auk, 102(1), 175-178.\n- Baltosser, W. H. (1986). Nesting success and productivity of hummingbirds in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. The Wilson Bulletin, 353-367.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction to Cornwall\nNestled on the southwestern tip of England, Cornwall is a treasure trove of stunning landscapes, rich history, and bustling culture. Whether you’re searching for the perfect surfing spot or craving some authentic Cornish pasties, this county has something for everyone. But before diving into all that Cornwall has to offer, let’s start with the basics: what county is Cornwall in? In this article, we’ll explore the answer to that question as well as delve into its fascinating historical background and notable attractions. So sit back and join us on this journey through one of England’s most captivating counties!\nWhat County is Cornwall in UK?\nCornwall is a county located in the southwestern part of England. It is situated on the peninsula bordered by the Celtic Sea and the English Channel. Cornwall covers an area of approximately 1,376 square miles with a population of over half a million people.\nCornwall’s location has made it one of the most unique counties in England. Its proximity to both land and sea has played a significant role in shaping its history, culture, and economy.\nIt was formerly known as Dumnonia during the Roman era but later became part of Wessex after King Athelstan conquered it in 936 AD. During medieval times, Cornwall enjoyed relative independence due to its geographical isolation from London.\nCornwall’s political structure comprises six parliamentary constituencies that elect members to represent them at Westminster Parliament. The county also has elected local councillors who are responsible for overseeing local government services such as education, health care, and social welfare among others.\nTourist attractions such as St Michael’s Mount, Tintagel Castle (believed to be King Arthur’s birthplace), and Eden Project (botanical garden) have been instrumental in making Cornwall one of England’s leading tourist destinations.\nThe geography of Cornwall consists mostly of rugged coastline cliffs interspersed with sandy beaches and coves leading inland to rolling hills covered with farmland or wild moorland which support grazing animals like sheep or ponies.\nCornwall’s economy relies heavily on tourism fishing mining agriculture among other industries which contribute significantly towards employment opportunities for locals while generating revenue for businesses within the region.\nUnderstanding County Classifications\nUnderstanding county classifications can seem like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be. In the UK, counties are administrative areas that are in charge of delivering various services such as education, social care and waste management. There are two types of counties: metropolitan and non-metropolitan.\nMetropolitan counties include Greater London, West Midlands, Greater Manchester and Tyne and Wear. These areas have more extensive powers than non-metropolitan counties because they cover large urban areas with complex needs.\nNon-metropolitan counties cover rural areas where local authorities provide fewer services due to lower population density. Cornwall is one of these non-metropolitan administrative regions located in South West England.\nCornwall has a unique status as it is both a ceremonial county (a region recognized by the Crown for cultural purposes) and a unitary authority (an area that combines traditional county functions with those usually performed by district councils).\nUnderstanding the different types of counties allows you to better understand how local government works in the UK. It’s important to note that while each county has its own characteristics, all work together towards providing essential services for their residents.\nHistorical Background of Cornwall\nCornwall has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to prehistoric times. The region was originally inhabited by Celtic tribes, who left behind evidence of their settlements in the form of standing stones and hill forts.\nDuring Roman times, Cornwall was part of the province of Britannia and remained under Roman control until the 5th century when it fell into Anglo-Saxon hands. It became an important centre for mining during medieval times, with tin being one of its most valuable resources.\nIn later years, Cornwall saw many conflicts between local people and those from outside regions due to its abundance of natural resources. These conflicts were often bloody and violent, but they helped shape the unique culture that exists in Cornwall today.\nThe Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to this area as well. Mining expanded rapidly in Cornwall during this time period which led to massive growth in infrastructure development such as railways.\nToday visitors can still see remnants of this rich history through landmarks like castles, mines and historic buildings throughout the county. It is truly a place where ancient meets modern-day life!\nCornwall’s Political Structure\nCornwall’s political structure is unique compared to other counties in England. It has its own unitary authority, known as the Cornwall Council, which carries out both county and district functions on behalf of the residents.\nThe Cornwall Council consists of 123 councillors who represent 87 electoral divisions across the region. The council is responsible for a wide range of services such as education, social care, housing, public safety and transport.\nIn addition to this local government structure, there are also six parliamentary constituencies in Cornwall that elect Members of Parliament (MPs) to represent their interests in Westminster. This gives Cornish residents a voice at both the local and national levels\nFurthermore, due to its distinct identity and culture, there have been ongoing discussions about devolving more powers from the central government to Cornwall. In fact, back in 2014, a historic agreement was signed between the UK Government and Cornwall Council that granted greater autonomy and control over funding decisions.\nAlthough part of England politically speaking; Cornwall has its own distinct political structure reflecting its unique culture and heritage which makes it stand apart from other counties within England\nTourist Attractions in Cornwall\nCornwall is a popular tourist destination for people who want to escape the hustle and bustle of city life. It boasts many stunning natural landscapes, from sandy beaches to rugged cliffsides. One of the most famous attractions in Cornwall is St Michael’s Mount, a small tidal island located off the coast near Penzance.\nAnother must-see attraction is the Eden Project, an ecological garden that features giant biomes filled with plants from all over the world. The Lost Gardens of Heligan are also worth visiting – they were abandoned for decades but have now been restored to their former glory and are one of Cornwall’s most beautiful gardens.\nFor history buffs, Tintagel Castle offers a glimpse into Cornwall’s past as it was once believed to be King Arthur’s birthplace. Meanwhile, adrenaline junkies can head to Newquay for some surfing lessons or take a hike along the South West Coast Path which spans 630 miles.\nFood lovers should not miss out on trying some traditional Cornish pasties or fresh seafood at one of Cornwall’s many restaurants and cafes. With so much on offer, there really is something for everyone in this picturesque county!\nThe Geography of Cornwall\nCornwall’s geography is one of its main attractions. It is a peninsula that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean, bordered by Devon to the east and the Celtic Sea to the west. With over 400 miles of coastline, Cornwall boasts some of England’s most beautiful beaches.\nCornwall has two distinct coastlines – the north coast and the south coast. The north coast is rugged and exposed, with towering cliffs and wide expanses of sand dunes. The south coast, on the other hand, is more sheltered with hidden coves and quaint fishing villages.\nInland from Cornwall’s coasts lies a landscape that ranges from rolling hills to wild moorland. Bodmin Moor covers an area of around 80 square miles in central Cornwall and is home to numerous prehistoric sites such as stone circles and standing stones.\nThe county also has several estuaries, including those at Fowey, Helford River, Fal Estuary (which includes Truro), and Camel Estuary (which includes Padstow) among others.\nCornwall’s unique geography provides visitors with plenty to explore whether it be walking along coastal paths or discovering hidden inland villages.\nMap of Cornwall\nCornwall’s Economic Significance\nCornwall’s economy is diverse, and it plays a significant role in the UK’s economy. The county has a thriving tourism industry that contributes significantly to its economy. Cornwall boasts beautiful beaches, a stunning coastline, and charming villages that attract tourists from all over the world.\nIn addition to tourism, Cornwall’s mining history has played an important role in shaping its economic significance. The region was once known for its tin mining industry, which helped put Cornwall on the map as a global player in mineral extraction. Although this industry declined rapidly during the 20th century, it still holds historical value to the county.\nThe agricultural sector also plays a crucial part in Cornwall’s economic makeup with livestock farming being one of their primary sources of income generation. Fishing is another vital component of Cornwall’s economy with small harbours like Padstow being home to fishing fleets.\nCornwall has also become something of a hub for creative industries such as film-making and television production due to locations like Land’s End providing picturesque backdrops for films and TV shows alike.\nBusinesses such as those involved in renewable energy have been attracted by opportunities provided by wind farms off their coastlines increasing job prospects within these sectors while reducing reliance on traditional fossil fuels.\nOverall, the diversity within Cornwalls’ economy ensures there are multiple avenues for growth potential helping maintain employment rates while ensuring future prosperity not only for Cornish residents but throughout Great Britain too!\nCornwall’s Neighbouring Counties\nCornwall is located in the southwestern tip of England and shares borders with two neighbouring counties – Devon to the east and Somerset to the northeast. Both counties have unique characteristics that make them worth exploring for travellers visiting Cornwall.\nDevon, also known as Devonshire, is a popular tourist destination that boasts stunning coastlines, beaches, and national parks. The county has several historic sites such as Plymouth Hoe and Dartmouth Castle. It’s also home to Dartmoor National Park which covers over 950 square kilometres of moorland dotted with granite tors.\nSomerset on the other hand is famous for its rolling hills, cider farms, and charming countryside villages. The county has some of Britain’s most iconic landmarks such as Glastonbury Tor which stands at 158 meters high offering panoramic views of Somerset Levels\nBoth counties are easily accessible from Cornwall by road or rail making it an ideal opportunity for tourists looking to explore more than one area during their visit.\nTransport Options to Cornwall\nGetting to Cornwall has never been easier, thanks to the various transport options available. If you plan on flying into Cornwall, you can take a flight from London Heathrow or Gatwick Airport directly to Newquay Airport. From there, taxis and buses are readily available for your convenience.\nFor those who prefer travelling by train, there are direct trains from London Paddington Station that arrive at key destinations in Cornwall such as Truro and Penzance. However, if you’re looking to cut down on travel time, it’s best to take the sleeper train which departs from London Paddington Station in the evening and arrives in Cornwall early morning.\nIf driving is more your thing, then rest assured that there are numerous routes leading into Cornwall with excellent access via major roads such as A30 and M5 motorway. Be prepared though – traffic can be quite heavy during peak holiday seasons so planning ahead of time is important.\nFor those who enjoy scenic journeys while travelling long distances or simply like the idea of trying something new – taking a ferry ride could be an option worth considering! There are regular ferry services operating between Plymouth and Roscoff (France) throughout the year.\nWith all these transport options available at your disposal getting around Cornwell won’t be much of an issue!\nCornwall is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and unique places in England. Its location makes it particularly special, as it sits on the southwestern tip of the country, bordering the Celtic Sea to its west and south. Cornwall’s geography offers a diverse range of landscapes, from picturesque beaches to rugged cliffs.\nWhile some may wonder what county Cornwall is located in, it’s important to note that counties are administrative divisions used for local government purposes only. Cornwall has been recognized as a ceremonial county since 1974 when it was granted unitary status by Parliament.\nCornwall has a rich history dating back thousands of years with evidence of human settlement found throughout the area. The region was once ruled by its own kings before being incorporated into England during medieval times.\nToday, Cornwall draws tourists from all over who come to experience everything this unique destination has to offer. From exploring charming fishing villages like St Ives or Padstow to taking long walks along dramatic coastline trails such as Land’s End or visiting historical landmarks like Tintagel Castle – there’s always something new and exciting waiting around every corner.\nWhile some may question what county Cornwall is located in – its significance far exceeds any administrative classification attached to it. It represents not just a place but also embodies culture, heritage and natural beauty that make it truly a one-of-a-kind destination in England!\nFrequently asked questions about Cornwall\n1. What is the population of Cornwall?\nCornwall’s population stands at approximately 568,000 people.\n2. What are some of the famous tourist attractions in Cornwall?\nSome popular tourist destinations include St Michael’s Mount, Land’s End, and The Eden Project.\n3. How do I get to Cornwall?\nThere are several options for getting to Cornwall including by car, train or bus. You can also fly into Newquay airport which offers domestic flights within the UK.\n4. What county is Cornwall in?\nCornwall is a ceremonial county located in Southwest England.\n5. Does Cornwall have its own language?\nYes, Cornish is recognized as a minority language under European charter guidelines.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ALL >> Real-Estate-and-Foreclosure >> View Article\nThe Booming Phase Of Real Estate!\nTotal Articles: 233\nA real estate boom, property boom or housing boom all refer to the same thing. It is a type of economic bubble which has periodic occurrence in local or global real estate markets. In this phase there is a rapid increase in the valuation of property such as housing until it reaches an unsustainable level and then gradually it declines. The fundamental law of 'demand and supply' in economics states that if the demand is greater than supply, it leads to the rise in prices of the commodity. The current scenario of the real estate throughout the globe is a true portrayal of this basic principle of economics.\n1. Too much home ownership. Homeownership has increased due to easy credit, over-emphasis on ownership, and herd mentality encouraged by the media encouraging investment in residential real estate. Too many people with little money can now also own homes.\n2. Buying for speculation rather than shelter. A study says that many homebuyers identified their purchase as investment or vacation properties. Real estate inherently has a speculative component.\n3. Low interest rates. A lot of banks provide low interest housing loans.\n4. Residential real estate is a safe harbour. Share market keeps on fluctuating. People frequently lose money in shares. So whatever money is left, they put it in residential real estate, figuring that it would be a safe and secure investment. This drives up the price of housing.\n5. Bad lending practices. This one thing is the major cause for the bubble and its bursting. This in turn leads to the cascading effect of unemployment which in turn leads to defaults.\nReal estate boom is more critical than the stock market bubbles. A recent experimental study shows that, real estate markets have longer boom and bust periods, as compared to financial markets. The housing market is not a market to do \"flips\" for the \"momentum\" investor like they do in the stock market. One should be ready for a long term \"buy and hold\" position in the real estate.\nIt is a pre-dominating economic perspective that economic booms result in a temporary boost in wealth and its redistribution. When there is a price rise, we can observe a positive wealth effect in which property owners feel richer and thus spend more, and when the prices fall, there is a negative wealth effect in which property owners feel poorer and thus spend less.\nNow what is the possible solution to avoid such unexpected bubbles? States should abrogate those laws and programs that made housing expensive. If there is no bubble, there would be no burst and no recession.\nReal Estate and Foreclosure Articles1. Best Residential Property Destination In Mumbai - Goregaon\nAuthor: Saloni Mehta\n2. Marketing Tips For Your Business - Md Properties Llc\nAuthor: MD Properties LLC\n3. Nela Real Estate: Does It Pay To Buy A Fixer-upper?\nAuthor: Samantha Turkle\n4. Reasons Why Walls Crack – Explained By Sydney Cbd Civil Contractors\nAuthor: sydneycivil contractors\n5. Tips To Keep In Mind Before Buying A 3bhk Flat In Gurgaon\nAuthor: Mapsko Group\n6. Buying A Property In Bulgaria? Here Are 5 Reasons To Consider Veliko Tarnovo\nAuthor: Andy Turver\n7. Looking The Luxury Villas For Sale In Alfaz Del Pi, Spain With Immoabroad ?\n8. Cheap Houses For Sale In Cambridge - When Affordability Is Not An Issue\nAuthor: Justin Arthur\n9. 3d Floor Plan Design Studio\nAuthor: Satish Singh\n10. Real Estate Adelaide\nAuthor: John Adams\n11. Real Estate Bendigo\nAuthor: John Adams\n12. Flats In Whitefield At Prestige Lakeside Habitat Offers Premium Lifestyle In Bangalore\n13. Contact Adhesive – An Excellent Superglue For A Unique Purpose\nAuthor: Chad Lakin\n14. Real Estate Ballarat\nAuthor: John Adams\n15. How To Looking For A Spacious School In Umass Med, Medical School Apartments\nAuthor: John Robert", "label": "No"}
{"text": "WEDNESDAY, March 6 (HealthDay News) -- Eating lots of foods loaded with salt may do more than raise your blood pressure: Researchers report that it could also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, where the body's immune system mistakenly mounts an attack upon some part of the body.\nThree new studies suggest salt may be a prime suspect in a wide range of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (arthritis of the spine).\nA significant increase in the incidence of autoimmune diseases, especially multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, suggests that environmental factors, and not genetics, may explain the trend, the researchers noted.\n\"The diet does affect the autoimmune system in ways that have not been previously recognized,\" said senior study author Dr. David Hafler, a professor of neurology and immunobiology at the Yale School of Medicine, in New Haven, Conn.\nIt was an accidental discovery that triggered the researchers' interest in salt; they stumbled upon the fact that people who ate at fast food restaurants seemed to have higher levels of inflammatory cells than others, Hafler explained.\nIn the study, Hafler and his team found that giving mice a high-salt diet caused the rodents to produce a type of infection-fighting cell that is closely associated with autoimmune diseases. The mice on salt diets developed a severe form of multiple sclerosis, called autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Findings from animal studies are not always mirrored in human trials, however.\nInflammatory cells are normally used by the immune system to protect people from bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. But, in the case of autoimmune diseases, they attack healthy tissue.\nHafler's study is one of three papers, published in the March 6 issue of the journal Nature, that show how salt may overstimulate the immune system. In addition to Hafler's research, scientists from the Broad Institute in Boston explored how genes regulate the immune response, and researchers from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston zeroed in on how autoimmunity is controlled by a network of genes.\nAll three studies help explain, each from a different angle, how \"helper\" T-cells can drive autoimmune diseases by creating inflammation. Salt seems to cause enzymes to stimulate the creation of the helper T-cells, escalating the immune response.\n\"We think of helper T-cells as sort of the orchestra leaders, helping the immune system know what the cells should be doing in response to different microbial pathogens,\" explained Dr. John O'Shea, director of intramural research at the U.S. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, in Bethesda, Md. \"The strength of these papers is that they have found another factor that drives [helper T-cell] differentiation -- salt.\"\nWhile salt may play a role in autoimmune diseases, the researchers said the picture is most likely complicated. \"We don't think salt is the whole story. It's a new, unexplored part of it, but there are hundreds of genetic variants involved in autoimmune disease and environmental factors, too,\" said Hafler.\nIt's also unclear just how much salt is required to stimulate the autoimmune response, Hafler added.\nIn addition to salt, other factors have been shown to influence levels of helper T-cells, including microbes, diet, metabolism, environmental factors and cytokines (proteins that help regulate inflammatory responses), according to O'Shea, who was not involved with the new studies.\nO'Shea said the studies provide a way to test -- hopefully soon in human trials -- whether a low-salt diet might help treat autoimmune disease.\n\"They have now identified a biomarker, so you could treat people with a low-salt diet and then check for the marker in cells using cell cytometry, for example,\" O'Shea explained. While such a test is not generally available for consumers, it is found in most research labs, he added.\nHafler pointed out that while salt may be implicated in autoimmune disease, it may also be found to play an important role in boosting the immune system. Part of the reason chicken soup seems to be effective with colds and flu may be that the salt stimulates an infection-fighting response, he said.\nShould consumers who are concerned about autoimmune disease switch to a low-salt diet, even before tests in humans have been done?\n\"If I had an autoimmune disease, I would put myself on a low-salt diet now,\" Hafler said. \"It's not a bad thing to do. But we have to do more studies to prove it.\"\nO'Shea agreed. \"But the extent to which salt is important, I think we don't know. These papers show it experimentally, but we still can't be sure,\" he said.\nTo learn more about low-salt diets, visit the U.S. National Library of Medicine.\nSOURCES: David Hafler, M.D., professor, neurology and immunobiology, and chair, department of neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; John O'Shea, M.D., director, intramural research program, U.S. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Md.; March 6, 2013, Nature\nHealth News Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When I get questions from some students, I often receive questions about tips and tricks regarding writing for IELTS. It may seem somewhat disappointing for some of my students, but the best tips for learning HOW to write for IELTS, whether this is Academic or General, is to understand the band scores that the examiner will be comparing your writing to.\nTip 1: Understand your Band Score\nTo first understand\nhow IELTS is graded, understand that your writing is measured in 4 areas. Each\narea counts for 25% of your Band Score. We will look into each area and talk\nabout its main points so we know how to write for the test, shaping our writing\nto the “IELTS Standard.”\nWhen you look at the band scores online you will see that the scores are organized into 4 sections: Task Response, Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, and Grammatical Range and Accuracy. A lot of students get confused by the lack of explanation and advanced vocabulary in this sheet, however, it’s truly the key to understand what it is that you are expected to do in order to pass the writing section of the test.\nTip 2: Learn Complex Sentences\nSometimes I get students who come from finance or engineering backgrounds, and were taught in school to write simple and easy-to-understand sentences for their work or career. This, of course, makes sense, however, the IELTS test usually wants you to write in complex sentences for you to achieve a 7 band or higher. Complex sentences follow this structure:\nsubordinate clause + main clause\nHere’s an example: If I had the time and money, I would take the bus. The first half of the sentence “If I had the time and money…” is the subordinate clause, meaning, there is not enough information for this part of the sentence to be a complete sentence.\nThe other half of the sentence “…I would take the bus.” is the main clause, meaning, it is the main idea and the main message in this sentence. If the subordinate clause comes FIRST in the sentence, you HAVE TO put a comma before the main clause, BUT if it comes second in the sentence like, “I would take the bus if I had the time and money” there is NO COMMA.\nTip 3: Use Formal Language\nI cannot tell you how many times I have sat with a student and told them to stop using simple words like, “but, to, so, because and however” as they are “simple” connecting words that will lower your vocabulary score. The band score you receive is a combination of scores that take place, so for instance, the formal language you’re using here could affect your grammar score and your lexical score. Please use formal words such as, although, in order to, therefore and in addition.\nTip 4: Use Correct Punctuation\nComma rules in English can be confusing and are often the cause of a poor band score. They help with the flow of your writing and give the reader the idea of how your writing should be and is intended to be read. So, it is very important to use the correct punctuation in your writing by following a few comma rules.\n1. Place a comma\nafter the subordinate clause and before the main clause in a sentence.\n2. Place a comma\nbetween words when making a list of three.\n3. Place a comma to\nseparate a non-defining relative clause (which / who / when).\n4. Place a comma to\nseparate linking words and phrases (In addition, this is the correct…)\nTip 5: Use Consistent Writing Structures\nA common issue for most students is the struggle to find writing samples online that have a high band score and are consistent in the structure. The idea here is to study a structure and on test day, use a similar structure.\nHowever, finding a structure is difficult, as they are often not laid out in a simple way or there are not enough samples that will show these structures enough times for the students to understand it. This is why SSEDS created an e-book and online course that helps with these issues specifically. Please take some time to view what has helped many students pass their exams and see if it works for you.\nHere is our e-book: it takes you through the academic and general IELTS writing structure and shows sample answers to help you achieve a high band score.\nThe online course does this as well but in video format, and comes with a free copy of the e-book as well. I am happy to help anyone who has to endure this test and can always reach me directly at [email protected]\nMore About IELTS\nOne aspect that I think is important to note, and you can choose to take it with a grain of salt, is that IELTS is not a government run organisation. It is a private business and just like any private business, it is meant to generate profit. Stay with me, I promise it’ll change your study mindset.\nNow, keeping this fact that IELTS makes money, you have to be very careful if you’re looking at official IELTS guides in regard to writing sample answers. While they do give good insight on the examiner’s reviews, they fail to point out what it is you actually need to do, and as we can see from the beginning of the IELTS past examination books, such as “IELTS 1” they were giving band 9 sample answers. As time progressed, the IELTS books, which are now up to “IELTS 14” gives a range of sample answers, such as band 4 (I don’t know who this helps) to Band 7 but very rarely gives band 9 sample answers.\nI’m not saying this is deliberate as a way to confuse test takers from modelling their writing to a Band 9, but leaves a person to wonder. When you look at the number one reason why someone does not pass the IELTS test, it’s usually the writing aspect. This has been going on for years, and because IELTS is a business, they are not fixing the confusion or explanation of what is required of test takers.\nTake this as an example of why I have never really fully trusted official IELTS material for writing advice; if I wanted to take McDonalds to court, I would NOT ask McDonalds to supply the lawyer for me. I would ask for help OUTSIDE the organisation to find strategies.\nSometimes following the band descriptors and their definition of cohesive devices (linking words) and then looking at sample answers given by IELTS, will often contain simple informal linking words, (but/and/to/so) and they appear to be band 9 by IELTS standards.\nHowever, when you read English language and grammar books, you’ll notice the linking words supplied in a band 9 sample answer are not formal and should not be a “perfect example.” Just remember, if any of this sounds like a “conspiracy theory” or if it’s making you confused, remember to be formal in essays and chart descriptions and be informal for letters to a friend. Everywhere else, formal is king when it comes to IELTS writing and try do your research on the band descriptors.\nInteresting essay samples and examples on: https://essays.io/cover-letter-examples-samples/", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Foot Pain is most often caused by:\nTraumatic incident(i.e. landing from height, trip or a fall).\nWithout trauma (bursitis, repetitious walking / running, poor foot posture, muscle imbalance, muscle weakness).\nFoot pain is usually caused from one of the following:\n- Ligament Sprain (Inter-tarsal, Joint Capsules)\n- Plantar Fasciitis\n- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (Synovitis)\n- Nerve Irritation/ Compression / Referred Pain (Radial, Ulnar, Medial, referred pain from the neck or shoulder)\n- Boney degeneration of the Foot (cartilage damage, bone degeneration, arthritis)\n- Joint stiffness (Tarsal, Metatarsal)\n- Poor Foot Biomechanics (dynamic stability)\n- Muscle Tears/Spasm (Muscular- Flexor/Extensor Hallicus, Peroneals, Tibialis musculotendinous junction – extensors, flexors)\n- Tendonitis (Extensors, Flexors)\n- Joint or Bone fracture (cuboid, base of 2nd & 5th ) / cartilage damage\n- Subluxation / Dislocation of tendon(s)\n- Bursitis/ Fat Pad Bruising\n- Avulsion Injury (pulling off a piece of bone)\nIf your foot hurts, don’t ignore it. Physiotherapists are well trained to give an accurate diagnosis and treatment the problem. We can refer for MRI, CT, X-ray, Ultrasound or blood test as required. We are able to provide a proven, safe and effective treatment.\n1) Treat the pain and other symptoms\n2) Help identify the causes to prevent recurrence\n3) Provide self-management strategies\nTreatment: Strong Evidence in Literature\n1) Specific foot strengthening and general exercise programs\n2) Mobilisation, Manipulation and Hands On Therapy – Myofascial Release (Manipulation is traumatic and should only be used for certain conditions)\n3) Acupuncture / Dry Needling\n4) Electrotherapy (TENS)\n1) Postural Modification\n(taping, innersoles, orthotics, body awareness exercises)\n2) Hydrotherapy (great supportive environment)\n3) Supportive Taping / Bracing\n4) Use of Gels, Creams, Hot & Cold\n5) Sports Specific Rehabilitation\nFoot pain is very individual due to the large number of structures and factors that contribute to your condition. What works for others may not work for you and you will have to trial various treatments under the guidance of your Physiotherapist to find what works for your particular condition.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pig facts: We have a responsibility in what we consume but it becomes difficult to make good choices when we have no idea of what is in a product.\nChristein Meindertsma, said: ‘Like most people, I had little idea of what happens to a pig after it leaves the abattoir so I decided to try to find out. She said: she was shocked when she began to find out just how unusual and varied the different uses for an ordinary pig were.\nIn most developed countries, it’s almost as if these days, a pig is no longer thought of an animal but more like an industrial raw material with a mind-blowing amount of different uses.\nAccording to the report of Marcus Dunk, Christein Meindertsma found out that for every ounce of pig, 185 more astonishing products are created. Below are some of the products gotten form our beloved pig, not just bacon.\n|PRODUCT||PART OF PIG USED||USES|\n|Ice cream||Gelatin||Regulates the sugar crystallization and slows down the melting process|\n|Cream cheese||Gelatin||Keeps it stable.|\n|Wine, Beer, Fruit Juice||Gelatin||Absorbs cloudy element to give a clear drink|\n|Face mask||Collagen||Helps reduce wrinkles.|\n|Soap||Fatty acid from bone fat||Hardening and coloring agent|\n|Hair and paint brushes||Pig hair||Used in painting and hair brushing|\n|Candles||Fatty acid from bone fat||Used to stiffen the wax and raise the candles melting point.|\n|Bread||Protein from pig hair||Used to soften the dough.|\n|Tambourine||Pigs bladder||Used in making sound|\n|Paint||Fatty acid from bone fat||Increases gloss|\n|Tooth paste||Glycerin from bone fat||Used to give toothpaste its texture|\n|Train brakes||Bone ash||Used in trains|\n|Human valve||Pig heart valve||To replace defective human valve|\n|Chemical weapon testing||Whole pig||Because of their similarity to human tissue, they are usually used to test chemical weapons first.|\nThe complex workings of the global food and processing industry have ensured that it is almost impossible to avoid pig altogether. So when next you think of a pig don’t just think BACON.\nClick HERE to see our videos\nRead about Rabbit Production", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Talks are taking place this week on an obscure but important piece of the multilateral system: the Food Aid Convention (FAC). Housed at the International Grains Council in London's architectural homage to financial services, Canary Wharf, the FAC involves just a handful of countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, the European Union and its member States, Japan, Norway, Switzerland and the United States. These are donors (see this nice graphic from the Globe and Mail, part of a larger story, on who contributes global food aid). The convention is meant to provide a framework for negotiations on what counts as food aid, how much food aid each country will commit to humanitarian responses that year, and how to make sure nobody cheats, for example, by promoting exports under the guise of humanitarian aid.\nWhy is the FAC important? As we enter an era of declining aid dollars, disappearing agriculture surpluses, volatile markets and a rising rate of natural disasters, food aid—or, more properly, food assistance—is a small but vital piece of the web that can prevent death and maldevelopment linked to inadequate nutrition, while contributing to the bigger overall objective of strengthening food security through rural development.\nThe world's largest public health group, the American Public Health Association (APHA), has just announced a new policy calling for greater government action to protect the public from hormone-disrupting chemicals in the food supply.\nCongress and government regulators should pay attention. APHA's policy statement follows official positions released earlier in 2010 by both the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Endocrine Society, the nation's premier professional association for medical experts in hormone physiology and medicine.\nWe now live amidst a virtual sea of synthetic environmental pollutants that can mimic or disrupt hormone function. Perhaps not surprisingly, a slew of hormone-related diseases, which are especially costly to treat, are common or on the rise. They include many cancers, obesity, diabetes, thyroid disease and infertility and other reproductive problems.\nMuch of our exposure to these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) comes via a contaminated food supply. EDCs known or identified include several dozen pesticides and fungicides, arsenic, industrial pollutants like PCBs and dioxins, plastic monomers like bisphenol A, plastic additives like phthalates, as well as pharmaceuticals.\nAPHA's resolution supports several steps, including recommending that federal agencies with regulatory oversight for various individual EDCs better coordinate amongst themselves given the scientific \"recognition that collectively EDCs likely will have common or overlapping effects on the endocrine system.\"\nIn contrast to the rapidity with which governments moved to use taxpayer funds to rescue the “too big to fail\" banks in 2008, the pace of financial and commodity market reform since then has been agonizingly slow. One factor frustrating re-regulation is financial industry resistance to reform, aided in the United States by Republican Party efforts to reimburse the financiers of their November 2010 electoral victory with initiatives to defund the regulatory agencies responsible for implementing the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.\nBefore dawn on February 19, the House of Representatives voted to slash the budget of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) by a third. “There would essentially be no cop on the beat,” CFTC Commission Michael Dunn said at a February 23 Senate hearing. CFTC Chairman Gary Gensler had told a House finance committee hearing that such a cut would not only cripple the CFTC’s ability to implement Dodd-Frank reforms, but would prevent his agency from investigating Ponzi schemes and market manipulation. The U.S. Senate is unlikely to support the House Republican assault on regulation, but the Obama administration’s proposal to levy a transaction fee to finance CFTC implementation and enforcement is facing stiff opposition.\nA version of this commentary appeared in Policy Innovations, a publication of the Carnegie Council.\nWhen global food prices spiked in 2007-08, a hundred million people were added to the ranks of the world’s hungry, pushing the total number over 1 billion for the first time in history. Now, just two years later, we are seeing another food price hike, and more famine is likely to follow.\nAnother sign that the Farm Bill debate is attracting a much broader audience this time around: the Seattle City Council is weighing in with the Seattle Farm Bill Principles.\nToday’s predominant, industrialized farm animal production facilities raise huge numbers of livestock in small geographic areas, producing enormous concentrations of waste that pollute air and water. As a result, these Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) create a number of problems for the health of the environment and the people living in it, including increased respiratory symptoms, antibiotic resistance and decreased quality of life. And like other highly polluting industries, CAFOs are disproportionately located in low-income areas and communities of color.\nToday is the one year anniversary of First Lady Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move initiative to blunt the epidemic of obesity in children. It marks an important fight against a wave of future chronic disease that threatens our national security, our economic growth and the solvency of our healthcare system.\nExtreme weather events consistent with climate change are already playing havoc with the livelihoods and food security of much of the world’s poor. This is particularly true for arid and semi-arid areas of the global South. Yet, most proposals for agriculture being discussed at the U.N. global climate talks and elsewhere focus on new technological developments, like genetically engineered crops. But these approaches are based on still unproven claims and do not fully consider their impact on the natural world.\nBack in October, I blogged on the recently constituted High-level Panel of Experts (HLPE) associated with the U.N.'s recently revamped Committee on Food Security (CFS), which brings together the three\nLast week Mexico paid a U.S.-based corn processor, Corn Products International, Inc. (CPI) $58.4 million in accordance with a 2009 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) tribunal decision. The case illustrates the important intersection of U.S. trade policy with food and public health.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The word diabetes may give you shivers, as it is the only disease that has affected large number of people who find it very hard to live with it. However, one need not worry as this disease is controllable. Though diabetes can be treated with help of medication and healthy diet, it always leaves scars on the mind of those who are suffering from it. The best way to save yourself from the dreadful effects of diabetes is to learn about it and keep a watch on diabetes warning signs. Our body will always give us warning signs when you are about to fall ill or encounter a disease. Self awareness about diabetes can help you track the warning signs and treat the disease well in time.\nEarly diagnosis can help you fight diabetes and lead a normal life. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate and one needs to act wise to save himself. Diabetes is either caused due to family history or bad food habits and lifestyle. Many of us ignore this fact and repent only after diabetes is detected. This insulin related problem can worsen your state if proper care is not taken. Not only adults but children at young age are also finding it emotionally difficult to fight diabetes. To avoid further problems, it is best to go through a medical check up after every few month or be a good observer and observe the changes in your body.\nHere are most common diabetes warning signs that can help you to detect diabetes at an early stage.\nA person may suddenly feel excessive thirst and drink loads of water every time. Often this sign is ignored thinking it is normal to feel thirsty. It is good to drink plenty of water, however elongated thirst can be a warning sign and one must not take it lightly. Other than excessive thirst, one will always find a dry mouth despite drinking liters of water. Along with this you will find yourself visiting the toilet frequently. You are bound to suffer from frequent urination or at times with urine related infections. You will suddenly feel excessive hunger and despite of eating more you experience weight loss.\nTiredness or fatigue is another diabetes warning sign that can alert you or the dreadful disease. You may feel certain amount of tiredness and weakness that will keep you off the work or other tasks many a times. Blurred vision and headaches are other common diabetes warning signs. Many a times these warning signs of diabetes are easily ignored thinking it to be normal or some ache due to stress. However, these signs should not be ignored and one must take efforts to reach out to your doctor at the earliest.\nConsulting a good doctor and conducting medical test will help you learn about the state of your body. If you are diagnosed with diabetes, worry not, as it can be controlled with the help of healthy lifestyle, nutritional diet and proper medication.\nYour body starts showing few signs at the early stage and being able to detect them will save you from future dreadful complications. Also pregnant ladies should take care and follow regular check up to make sure they are not affected by gestational diabetes. Early detection and understanding of these diabetes warning signs is the best way to fight this harmful and scary disease. Creating self awareness about diabetes is smart way of leading a healthy and carefree life.\n>An Excellent Healthy Drink for Diabetics!\nDid you know that flavored carbonated water has no calories, sugar, body, sweetener, color or preservatives?\nThe taste is fantastic, extremely refreshing and gives diabetics a great drink without any carbohydrates. A large\nand affordable assortment of flavored carbonated water concentrate is available for free delivery world wide from", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you have no knowledge of how the Earth and Sun and Moon move, an eclipse is a scary thing. With no warning, the Sun goes black and your world turns dark. An eclipse, however, is really just the shadow of the Moon passing over the Earth, as seen in the above photo (a NASA image taken by an astronaut on the International Space Station). But the phenomenon still hasn't lost all of its magic in modern times; there are people who chase them across the globe. They can do so because solar eclipses are now completely and easily\nThe first predicted eclipse ended a war. On this day in 585 B.C., after five years of battle in Asia Minor, the Lydians and Medians stopped fighting when the Moon eclipsed the Sun, according to the Greek historian Herodotus. Solar eclipses had been recorded prior to this, but the one in 585 (though it may have been 610 B.C., depending on which historian you ask) was the first to be predicted, by Greek philosopher Thales of Milete.\nSome call the 585 eclipse the \"birth of science,\" which would make science 2,595 years old today. Happy birthday, science!\nCheck out the entire collection of Surprising Science’s Pictures of the Week on our Facebook fan page.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Two new geoportals warn of present and future risks for strategic ecosystems in Colombia.\n- New tools facilitate access to information for local and regional communities.\n- More than 245 road infrastructure, mining, power line, hydrocarbon, and dams projects were identified and mapped in the influence area of the páramos (high-altitude wetlands) in Cundinamarca.\n- The departments with the most alerts are Antioquia, with 497, and Santander with 327.\nBogotá DC, April 11th, 2019\nThe organization Ambiente y Sociedad launched two new geoportals on megaprojects in strategic ecosystems. These were created to facilitate transparency and access to information for communities, social organizations, academics, and others interested in the subject.\nThe first geoportal, an alert early system for megaprojects in Colombia (www.ecosistemasenalerta.info) is an information tool that makes it possible to identify, in an early and timely way, ecosystems potentially threatened by the implementation of mining-energy and infrastructure megaprojects in the country’s high-priority conservation areas. These areas have been cataloged as such due to their relevance in terms of biodiversity. The geoportal was developed through a support agreement with the Global Forest Watch platform.\nBesides pinpointing the location of the alerts, the platform provides information on the type of megaproject, the contract number, the threatened ecosystem, and its conservation priority. The alert system seeks to facilitate an early detection of risks, promote and facilitate the activation of action mechanisms from communities that could be affected, and it is hoped that it will become a tool to empower communities, favoring local governance processes in their territories. To date, a total of 519 alerts have been generated on hydrocarbon projects, 70 for hydroelectric, 201 for 4G roads, and 580 for mining projects.\n“In the future we hope to contribute even more information, we hope to reach a more local and participatory level so that people can add their alerts and report projects that aren’t visible but represent an environmental and social threat” affirmed Hernando Ovalle, general coordinator, researcher, and SIG developer.\nThe second geoportal on Páramos and high ecological and social impact megaprojects (www.cuidemoslosparamos.info) “was designed as a tool that would allow different stakeholders who live and work in these high mountain territories to learn about the development projects that are being implemented in their life spaces, so they can quickly and easily access and consult precise information on the projects,” indicated Andrea Prieto, Geographer at the Asociación Ambiente y Sociedad and Research Co-coordinator.\nThis initiative was born out of research carried out with the Fundación Educación, Investigación y Desarrollo – FIDHAP, in the context of the project “Conservation, Restoration, and the Sustainable Use of Ecosystemic Services in the Páramos of Sumapaz, Chingaza, and Guerrero, and the Eastern Mountains of Bogotá and their influence areas,” which identified projects with a major impact in the influence area of the Cundinamarca páramos. In total, 328 projects were identified: 272 mining titles, 41 roadway projects, 10 for hydrocarbons, 2 dams, and 3 for power lines. Of these, 245 were characterized and mapped, and can be seen and consulted in the geoportal. Ambiente y Sociedad has updated the information on 20 of the most representative megaprojects in this area.\nAndrea Prieto commented that, “this tool is helpful to strengthen and back the actions of different social stakeholders who look to defend their territories. Also, the geoportal was designed with a simple language, so that any person, community, or organization can use it without needing to have previous knowledge of other programs. It seeks to reduce the gap between local communities and technologies based on geographic information.”\nAlso, the geoportal was designed with a simple language, so that any person, community, or organization can use it without needing to have previous knowledge of other programs. It seeks to reduce the gap between local communities and technologies based on geographic information.”\nMore information: Alicia Gomez-3204821467 –firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you have an ornamental pool or landscape fish pond, you might be wondering how to reduce mosquito populations in these particular situations. Ornamental pools and landscape fish ponds are potential breeding sites, but they don’t have to be.\nBelow are some mosquito management tips for these pools and ponds. Some of these tips also apply to birdbaths.\nCheck for mosquito larvae and pupae at least once a week so you’ll know if mosquitoes are thriving and you need to start control measures. Simply kneel down by the edge of the pool, pond or birdbath and carefully watch the water for the distinctive wiggling of larvae and tumbling pupae. They are most likely found in warm, shallow areas. Since larvae and pupae must regularly come to the surface to breathe, just get comfortable and watch for a while.\nOne mosquito management practice is to stock the pond with fish. Healthy, hungry top-feeding fish can help control mosquito larvae and pupae. Smaller goldfish or koi generally will eat larvae and pupae, especially if the fish are hungry. If you notice wiggling larvae, stop feeding fish for a few days to see if the immature mosquitoes disappear.\nDon’t over-feed your fish. Hungry fish make better mosquito predators. Also, by not over-feeding you won’t have leftover food to encourage algae growth.\nManage aquatic plants to keep them from providing mosquito hiding places. Plants in contact with the water surface might shelter mosquito larvae from fish or other predators. Thin plants or remove some so fish can swim around and through this vegetation. Avoid thin-leaved plants because they provide excellent shelter for larvae.\nMosquito larvae generally do well in stagnant water because they feed on the microorganisms. So periodically remove organic matter such as leaves, fruit and dropped flowers or buds that have fallen into the water. Excessive organic matter can require more oxygen than the pond has available for decomposition. The bacteria that grow in this situation discolor water and give it a foul odor.\nAnother mosquito management practice is to trim surrounding landscape plants away from the water surface so they won’t provide a base for algae growth as well as shelter for larvae. Another reason to prune landscape shrubs or trees is that all ponds and pools need some sunlight. Pruning reduces shade cover, thus enabling some light to reach the water.\nFinally, avoid contamination from fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides or muddy runoff. Fertilizers can cause rapid algae growth in the pond. Many pesticides and herbicides used for yard pests can be very toxic to fish. If the yard will be treated for pest control, cover the pond for protection, or don’t have that part of the yard treated.\nIf you’re refilling or adding a large amount of water to the pond, consider whether the new water contains chlorine or chloramines. Contact a pet store that sells fish and nursery where you bought aquatic plants for advice on neutralizing these compounds. Generally, you can add small amounts of water, less than 10 percent of the volume, to your pond without a problem.\nTips for limiting mosquito breeding sites around the home\n1. Dispose of old tires, buckets, aluminum cans, plastic sheeting or other refuse that can hold water. Empty accumulated water from trash cans, boats, wheel barrows, pet dishes, and flower pot bottoms. If possible, turn these items over when they are not in use.\n2. Clean debris from rain gutters and unclog obstructed downspouts. Clogged rain gutters are one of the most overlooked breeding sites for mosquitoes around homes. Remove any standing water on flat roofs or around structures. Repair leaking faucets and air conditioners that produce puddles for several days.\n3. Change water in bird baths and wading pools at least once a week and keep swimming pools cleaned and chlorinated. Ornamental pools can be aerated or stocked with mosquito-eating fish. Aeration / water movement helps, because mosquitoes prefer quiet, non-flowing water for egg-laying and development.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "cathedral being rebuilt (December 1956)\nLübeck, city in north central Germany on the Trave River, in Schleswig-Holstein, near the Baltic Sea and the border with the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. A major Baltic port, Lübeck is also an important center of heavy industry and tourism, and the focus of a large metropolitan area. Shipbuilding is a major industry; other manufactures include textiles, machinery, marzipan (a local specialty), and other confections.\nA ring of canals separates the ancient inner city from surrounding suburban manufacturing areas. This historic section, restored after heavy bombing in World War II (1939-1945), has some of the country's finest medieval Gothic buildings. Landmarks include the Town Hall (begun 1250), famous for its intricate brickwork; the Holstentor or Holstein Gate (1477), a remnant of the old city fortifications with large twin towers; the Romanesque cathedral (1173-1477), known for its gigantic figure of Christ, carved in 1477 by the noted sculptor Bernt Notke; and the Gothic Church of Saint Mary's (1250-1330). Dietrich Buxtehude was organist for the church from 1668 until his death in 1707. Writers Heinrich Mann and Thomas Mann were born in Lübeck. A medical university (1973) in the city is a center of research, teaching, and medical care. The Academy of Music features an annual summer music festival.\nMentioned in the 11th century, Lübeck\nbecame a fortified settlement in the 12th century. After a destructive fire in\n1157 it was rebuilt in 1159 by Henry the Lion and became a free imperial city in\n1226. In 1358 it was made the capital of the Hanseatic League and grew wealthy\nas the center of western Europe's Baltic trade with Russia and Scandinavia. Port\nactivities diminished with the collapse of the league in the 17th century and\nfurther declined in the 19th century with the rise of the Prussian Baltic port\nof Stettin (now Szczecin in Poland). Lübeck retained its political independence\nuntil it became part of Schleswig-Holstein in 1937; its economy had been\nrevitalized by the completion in 1900 of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal, linking the city\nwith the interior of Europe. The heavy damage inflicted by bombing during World\nWar II (1939-1945) was rapidly repaired, and Lübeck's economy was stimulated by\nthe arrival soon after the war of many refugees from Soviet-occupied eastern\nGermany. Population (1997) 216,854.\nText from Microsoft® Encarta®\nthe cathedral (December 1957)\nReturn to Germany page\nPeople and Places", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mushrooms, fungi, molds, lichen; mostly land, freshwater, or highest supratidal organisms: keep algae moist. ... Kingdom Animalia: Eukaryotic. Multicellular heterotrophs. Phylum Porifera : Sponges.\nIncertae sedis (Phylum: Mitosporic fungi) Family Lepraria neglecta Zoned dust lichen S1 D01 - Black Birch Plain Kingdom FungiAscomycota Phyllum Class Ascomycetes\nMolluscan Radiation •There are approximately 128,000 living species in phylum Mollusca (35,000 are extinct) •The great morphological diversity is the result of elaboration on the basic body plan (HAM)\n... Lab 7: Exploring the Fungi Kingdom Objectives: • Identify the structural characteristics typical of ... are considered to be \"imperfect\" fungi • Classify a variety of local fungal specimens by phylum or ... Cells and structures to recognize: algal cells, fungal hyphae, thallus Slides: lichen ascocarp ...\n... Kingdom Fungi ... our local oyster mushroom) some have mutualistic relationships with other organisms lichen = fungus ... 18 Phylum Ascomycota - 45,000 species - Most yeasts, truffles, morels Great diversity - includes ...\n... Protista, which is made up of protists (single-celled creatures invisible to the human eye); Fungi, which is made up of mushrooms, mold, yeast, lichen, etc; and Monera, which is made up of the three types of bacteria. The next category is the Phylum. There are several phyla within each kingdom.\nClassification categories: Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species b. ... Via Shapes lichens are classified into three groups 1. Crustose 2. Foliose 3. Fruticose iii. Lichen and air quality\nKingdom Protista The diversity of protists is so great that they posses few characteristics in common. ... Phylum Characteristcs Examples Rhizopoda possess pseudopods (false feet); lack meisois and sexual ... Obtain a prepared slide of a lichen section. Note the algal layer.\nThe kingdom Fungi Kingdom: Phylum: Phylum: Fungi Ascomycota Basidiomycota The fungal kingdom includes several groups, but only two contain larger fungi: spores are ... but not crusty). brown lichens dry Watch out for those that change colour when wet (colours given in field guides generally refer to the dry lichen). ...\nMushrooms, fungi, molds, lichen; mostly land, freshwater, or highest supratidal organisms: keep algae moist. Protista kingdom; Phylum Brown Algae; Diatom Autotrophic with brown accessory pigments.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Some seven miles south-east of Leicester is the large village of Great Glen which has a population (in 2001) of around 3,200. The village lies in a valley (hence the name) of the River Sence with ground rising either side. After the Norman Conquest the manors of Great Glen passed through many hands and at one point was held by William de Zouche and then the Martell family.\nIn 1140 Ralph Butler granted the church of Great Glen to Alcester Abbey which retained the patronage until the 15th century. Evesham Abbey exercised control over the church from 1465 onwards until the Dissolution when it passed to the Crown. In the 16th century, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, father of the ill-fated Lady Jane Grey, became the lord of the manor. After his execution for treason, his lands were seized by the crown. Following the Battle of Naseby in 1645, during the English Civil War, Great Glen played host to a band of Cromwellian soldiers who were pursuing some of the (defeated) Royalist Cavalry. They were later joined by the rest of the army who camped overnight before moving onto Leicester. Some of these soldiers made camp in the church where they caused much damage (such as breaking all the windows), of which some evidence can still be seen today.\nIn 1751 a turnpike bridge was built over the River Sence as a part of the stagecoach route from Leicester to London. The pubs The Old Greyhound and The Crown were originally coaching ins built soon after the new road opened. This road later became the A6 road and a bypass around the village was opened in 2003.\nThe church sites on the high ground above the village it consists of a new south porch, north aisle, nave, chancel, north vestry and west tower. The Victorians did their usual ‘restoration’ on the church in 1876 only the tower escaped the major rebuild. However there are some interesting features in the church which deserve a second look. The main interest lies in the pre Norman carved stones. Two at the east end of the North aisle depict a mutilated crucifix and the remains of a figure holding a rod. It has been suggested that the second stone may have depicted Christ healing a blind man. There are remains of the rood entrance to the rood loft and the font is 12th century. The tower with its four stages was topped by a spire until circa 1760, why it was removed is unknown, it may have become unsafe after lightning or fell into disrepair. There have been some modern upgrades to the church with a servery and modern amenities at the west end of the north aisle and in the modern built porch we have toilet facilities.\nThe north aisle is nearly as large as the nave, and from the outside the church has an attractive appearance. Parking is an issue on a busy road, and unfortunately the church is locked but it has a pleasant churchyard and if you do happen to find it open its carvings and other features are worth a look. There are plenty of facilities in the village and a couple of public houses.\nTranscriptions of monuments in and around this church can be see at the following link.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Robert Rauschenberg and Ileana Sonnabend\nGallerist, collector and art patron Ileana Sonnabend was one of the most influential and provocative figures in the art world, helping to shape the course of post-war art in Europe and America. Sonnabend championed artists who pushed the confines of the status quo and launched the careers of Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg and many other significant artists of our time. Sonnabend and her first husband, art dealer Leo Castelli, were at the forefront of the American art scene in New York in the 1950s, eventually opening a gallery in their Manhattan apartment in 1957. The Castellis were part of the creative avant-garde in New York, socializing with Willem and Elaine de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Franz Kline, Sidney Janis and the young Robert Rauschenberg. After their divorce in 1959, Ileana married Michael Sonnabend and opened Galerie Sonnabend in Paris in 1962. It was in Paris that Sonnabend and Rauschenberg cemented their relationship and developed the mutual respect and admiration that would be central to their working relationship in the decades that followed.\nGalerie Sonnabend set the European art scene ablaze with its shows of American Pop Art in the 1960s by Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein at a time when Abstract Expressionism was seen as the progressive highlight of contemporary American art. Acting as an art-ambassador, Sonnabend created a market in Europe for these artists, and later a market for new European artists in America, and would continue to promote young artists on both sides of the Atlantic throughout her career. In February 1963, Sonnabend hosted the second exhibition in Europe of works by Robert Rauschenberg titled Rauschenberg: Premiere Exposition (Oeuvres 1954-1961). A year earlier, in 1962, Rauschenberg shifted his focus from the Combines he had been making in the late 1950s to works that he screenprinted on canvas. His interest in the silkscreen process lead him to pursue printmaking in a monumental way in the 1960s. The collaborative aspect of printmaking was central to his interest in the medium. Rauschenberg spent much of the 1960s working on collaborative projects including performance works with friends John Cage and Merce Cunningham, set design and printmaking. In 1966, he cofounded Experiments in Art and Technology, an organization that sought to promote collaboration between artists and the sciences. Throughout this period, Rauschenberg was represented by Sonnabend and Leo Castelli, with whom Sonnabend maintained a strong personal and professional relationship.\nInnate to Rauschenberg’s talent as an artist was his ability to construct detailed compositions that are both dynamic and sophisticated in their layering. Using photo-images from current events and popular culture, Rauschenberg was able to be an activist with his art, bringing awareness to social, environmental and political issue. An example is the 1968 series of lithographs titled Reels (B+C) that incorporates film stills from the movie Bonnie and Clyde in a collage-style composition with bright colors.\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Storyline from Reels (B + C), Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1968, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 56/62. Estimate: $1,500-3,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Still from Reels (B + C), Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1968, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 1/34. Estimate: $2,000-3,000\nThe technique of printmaking was perfectly suited to Rauschenberg’s methodology of layering found images and allowed him to use these along with the painterly process of lithography. Rauschenberg created over eight-hundred published editions with several different printers and publishers, including Gemini GEL., ULAE and Tyler Graphics. In 1969, NASA invited Rauschenberg to the launch of Apollo 11 and provided him with scientific maps, charts and photographs of the launch that Rauschenberg used as the basis for a series of thirty lithographs he made at Gemini GEL called the Stoned Moon series.\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Shell from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 68/70. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Rack from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in black on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 46/54. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Loop from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in black on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 71/79. Estimate: $1,500-2,500\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Tilt from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 39/60. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Post from Stone Moon Series, Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated on white pencil, numbered 39/44. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Medallion from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in black on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated on pencil, numbered 39/48. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Spore from Stoned Moon Series, Lithograph in colors on wove paper, 1969, signed and dated in pencil, numbered 34/50. Estimate: $1,000-2,000\nROBERT RAUSCHENBERG (1925-2008): Composition from The Man Ray Portfolio, Offset lithograph and screenprint in colors with collage on cardboard, 1975, signed and dated in pencil, inscribed ‘H.C.’ (the edition was 100). Estimate: $800-1,000\nWhere Rauschenberg’s prints from the 1960s were dominated by pop culture imagery, his work in the early 1970s saw a shift in subject and material. We can still see Rauschenberg’s obsessive use of photographic material combined with the physical gesture of the lithographic crayon, the juxtaposition of the mechanically produced and painterly that is fundamental to his work. As with his Combines, Rauschenberg mixes techniques, processes and materials in unconventional ways. An example is Composition, from 1975, which combines offset lithography, screenprinting, collage and hand-additions on cardboard.\nThis change has been attributed to Rauschenberg’s move from New York City to Captiva Island, Florida which had a profound effect on his work. Rauschenberg started to incorporate fabric, cardboard and other elements into his printmaking during this period. His 1973 series Crops combines screenprinting with the solvent transfer process and was published by Graphic Studio, USF Institute for Research in Art in Tampa, Florida. The titles of the individual prints in the series refer to the plant life depicted in each print and are examples of Rauschenberg’s shift to themes of nature and the environment.\nRauschenberg travelled extensively during the 1970s, pursuing collaboration with other artists and artisans around the world. The concept and creative possibilities of collaboration are fundamental to his work, creating a dialogue between various mediums and tangential art forms. The integration of a global viewpoint and artistic collaboration come together in the creation of the New York Collection for Stockholm portfolio which was published by Experiments in Art and Technology in 1973. Rauschenberg, along with artist Robert Whitman and engineers Billy Klüver and Fred Waldhauer, founded E.A.T. and Rauschenberg worked with the organization to create the New York Collection for Stockholm project. Works by thirty New York artists were solicited to be donated to the Moderna Museet in Stockholm in recognition of the support the museum had shown to American artists. To raise money for the project, E.A.T. published a portfolio of thirty prints by these artists who represented the core of New York’s Pop, Minimal and Conceptual avant-garde. Rauschenberg contributed to the portfolio and designed the portfolio box that was used for part of the edition.\nELLSWORTH KELLY: Untitled from The New York Collection for Stockholm\nROY LICHTENSTEIN: Finger Pointing from The New York Collection for Stockholm\nDAN FLAVIN: Untitled from The New York Collection for Stockholm\nJAMES ROSENQUIST: Untitled from The New York Collection for Stockholm\nPrintmaking was an important aspect of Rauschenberg’s work throughout his career and it is no wonder that Ileana Sonnabend collected his prints in her personal holdings and sold many of his editions in her New York Gallery.\nWe are pleased to be offering a large selection of prints from the collection of Ileana Sonnabend and the estate of her daughter Nina Castelli Sundell on December 2, 2017. Along with prints by Robert Rauschenberg, the sale will also include works by Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist and Terry Winters.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S DAY 2019\nFriday 8th of March is the date of this year's International Women's Day. This is an event that has been celebrated since 1909 and is a global day celebrating the social, economic, cultural and political achievements of women. The day also marks a call to action for accelerating gender parity. This year's call to action is #BalanceforBetter.\nBefore exploring this year's call for action, a comment or two on the need for gender parity in organisations. Since the first International Women's Day in 1909, there have been huge advances in gender equality. It was only as recently as the early 1970s that women in the civil service were re-interviewed for their jobs if they became pregnant, to determine if they were still capable of performing them. The 1970s also saw the introduction of the Equal Pay and Sex Discrimination Acts. Despite progress there is still much to be achieved. As an eye-catching example, in 2018 there were more FTSE 100 CEOs named David (9) than female CEOs (7).\nWhen looking at the representation of women in senior positions in organisations it is clear there is a disparity, with the most recent Athena SWAN submission highlighting the same issue for Rothamsted Research. Does this matter? Of course it does. First there is the moral argument for those employed in these organisations. Secondly, there is the business case. There is a plethora of studies identifying the business benefits of gender diversity in organisations. I won't want take-up space here citing them but a cursory google search will prove fruitful. But beyond these arguments there is the social impact of the fair representation of women in organisations. Tests of implicit bias show that 76% of the population associate men with positions of power in organisations and women with junior positions. Where do these associations come from? They come from living in a society where gender disparity is the norm.\nAnd this matters to science as well. Specifically, who will be involved in 'doing science' in the future. You may well have heard of the 'draw the scientist' task, where children are asked to draw pictures of scientists. In the first wave of these studies during the 1960-70s, 5,000 children took part, with only 0.6% of them depicting a female scientist. A recent meta-analysis of the studies in this areahave shown that over the generations this effect has waned, with more children now visualising scientists as women. Why has this happened? Because there are more women engaged in science.\n#BalanceforBetter is a call for action to encourage more gender balance in society and in organisations. The risk is that is may be seen as a momentary hashtag and the pictures, like the one appearing alongside this article, as a short-lived meme. Whilst the 8th March is the main event, it is in place to inspire us all to act for the long term. So, what are the actions we can all take to progress gender balance? From my work looking at diversity and inclusion in many organisations, I know that there is no silver bullet. Change happens gradually through everybody taking collective responsibility and making small changes to the way the think and behave at work. Here are my five top tips for you to make a difference:\n1. Do not assume you are fair and objective\nAll of us make decisions at work that have impact on others' careers. From the big ones like recruitment and merit promotion, through to who projects are assigned to, who gets career opportunities, who we help and who is made to feel welcome at work. All of these decisions can be influenced by our biases both conscious and unconscious. Taking longer to make your decisions can protect them from bias.\n2. Check the decisions you make\nBias will impact some of the decisions you make. A simple exercise is to list the last 10 people-related decisions you have made recently. If these decisions have benefitted the same person or only men and you cannot justify this, plan to make amends with your future decisions.\n3. Look at your informal network\nInformal networks are hugely beneficial at work. Those who are well connected are more likely to hear about new career opportunities, have access to information to help them do their jobs better, are more likely to be recognised for doing a good job and be sponsored by senior leaders.\nAsk yourself, who are the people I share information with, are comfortable with socially, who I consult and who I choose to work with. If these people are predominantly men challenge yourself to open your network and the advantages it bestows, to others.\n4. Get feedback on your micro behaviours\nIn a ten-minute interaction people exhibit between 40-100 micro-behaviours. These come in two flavours. Micro affirmations include nodding, eye contact, and paying attention to what people have to say. Micro-incivilities include ignoring, interrupting, failing to recognise contributions and making assumptions about people. Minorities in groups receive a disproportionate amount of micro-incivilities which lowers self-esteem and raises stress levels.\nYou are unlikely to be aware you are exhibiting these behaviours but others around you will notice. Ask a friend to observe you in meetings and give you feedback on your patterns of micro-behaviours. Where you identify a deficit, you can rectify this by purposefully using more micro-affirmations.\n5. Challenge sexism where you see it\nThis last tip is simple. When you observe sexism, challenge it.\n Miller DI, Nolla KM, Eagly AH and Uttal DH (2018) The development of children’s gender-science stereotypes: a meta-analysis of 5 decades of U.S. draw-a-scientist studies.https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev. 13039.\nRob Barkworth is a psychologist who works at Pearn Kandola. He specialises in diversity and inclusion and has worked with leading scientific organisations including UKRI, Wellcome Trust, the European Space Agency and Genomics England. He has a particular interest in how bias can impact academic research funding decision-making.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Green Onions are available year-round.\n- Have been cultivated for over 5000 years.\n- As early as the sixth century B.C., a medical treatise, the Charaka Sanhita, celebrates the onion as medicine, a diuretic, good for digestion, the heart, the eyes and the joints.\n- A single, 12-gram green onion stalk contains nearly 20 micrograms of vitamin K and 1.6 milligrams of vitamin C.\n- Being a leafy-greens, scallions naturally carry more plant-derived antioxidants, and dietary fiber than their fellow bulb members.\n- The chromium in onions assists in regulating blood sugar. The sulfur in onions helps lower blood sugar by triggering increased insulin production.\n- Slicing onions makes you cry because when you cut into it, the onion produces a sulfur-based gas.\nSpring Onion and Pea Soup w/ Ramp Crostino\nAvocado, Celery, and Scallion Bruschetta w/ Mache\nSour Cream and Onion Dip\nSavory Cheese and Scallion Scones\nGreen Onion Hash-brown Potatoes", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Blanket Flower, Firewheel\n- Family: Asteraceae\n- Form: Annual or short-lived perennial wildflower, reaching 1 to 3 ft. in height and about twice as wide.\n- Leaves: Simple, alternate, sessile, and hirsute. Grayish green in color. Leaves exhibit a lot of variation in shape and size. Upper leaves are narrow, spatulate, and\nthe lower leaves are wider, oblanceolate, longer, and heavily toothed or pinnately lobed.\n- Stem/Bark: Herbaceous, green, hirsute or pubescent.\n- Flower: Solitary heads attached to a long peduncle. Purplish disk flowers and reddish orange ray petals that are often yellow and lobed at the tips. The ray flowers have considerable variation in color. Some are bicolor but they may be either all red\nor all yellow. Size of the flower varies from 1.5 to 3 inches in diameter.\n- Fruit: Indehiscent, non-ornamental achene.\nComments: Gaillardia aestivalis is also native to FL although not as showy and with a narrower range. The hybrid Gaillardia x grandiflora shares the parents of G. aristata and G. pulchella. Numerous non-native cultivars of G. pulchella exist including 'Lollipop Gold', 'Red Plume', 'Torch Red Ember' and 'Yellow Flame'.\n- Additional Resources:\nUF IFAS Extension Native Plant Fact Sheet Listings\nFlorida Native Plant Society", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Notes are not just notes. They are your life.\nYou might not realize it, but preserving knowledge is actually more important than acquiring new knowledge – what is all the new knowledge good for when you can’t retain it and put it to use? Even if you forget only half of the important things, your learning will be two steps forward, one step backward. You can do better.\nHowever, you can’t just fully count on your brain when it comes to remembering. Your brain constantly purges your memory from irrelevant, outdated and obsolete information to prevent you from going crazy. Do you remember what you had for breakfast on May 24, 2001? Of course you don’t. And that’s actually a good thing. In fact, a certain rare condition related to memory exists – people suffering it can’t forget even the most useless things that happened to them a long time ago. They usually end up insane, because the information overload is crushing.\nWhat can you do to remember the important information\nThe problem is that your brain can’t differentiate between useful and useless information on its own. What is important for your brain might not be important for you. (and vice versa)\nHere is the secret: You can tell your brain: “Hey, this is important, don’t forget this one, OK?” There are multiple ways how to communicate the importance to your brain (eg. repeating it in your mind), but the absolutely easiest way is by writing the information down. When you write something down, your brain automatically knows that it is important.\nMost importantly, writing information down has double benefit:\n- First, because you’ve communicated to your brain that the piece of information is important, you will be able to remember it more easily and much longer.\n- Second, since you have the information written down, you can look it up whenever you need. Even if you forget it, you can always easily retrieve it.\nSwift To-Do List support for notes and memo combined with hierarchical tree, task management and reminders makes it ideal for a simple personal knowledge base. It is easier than ever before to establish habits that will allow you to never forget anything important again. All you have to do is to store the vital knowledge in Swift To-Do List.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you were asked to name a few products made from cotton, we’d be willing to bet “clothing” would be one of the first answers you’d give. And you would be correct! Cotton has been used to make attire for centuries, dating back to at least 5000 B.C.\nBut what else is this plant used for? In the United States alone, over 20 million bales of cotton were produced in 2017, so there must be more to the story than denim and blouses.\nIt turns out cotton is responsible for a whole slew of things most of us would never guess. Here are six cotton byproducts that might surprise you!\nThe ball needed to play America’s pastime is more complicated than one might imagine, and cotton is an important piece of the puzzle.\nBaseball centers — made of cork and rubber — are wrapped in three different kinds of yarn before being covered in leather. The outermost layer of yarn is a blend of polyester and cotton. This combo maintains the circular shape of the ball, so it will still remain a sphere even after a good whacking by a bat.\n2. Packing Material\nNot only is cotton an ingredient in a special blend of packing material, this concoction is 100% biodegradable! The packaging is called Mushroom® Materials and was developed by Cotton Incorporated and Ecovative Design.\nThe malleable mixture forms into whatever shape is needed and can be added to soil as a plant fertilizer after use — also known as composting.\nThere’s a lot of chemistry happening here, but basically the short little fibers — called “linters” — attached to the cotton seed are removed and mixed with different acids to create guncotton.\nIncredibly flammable, guncotton is used to make gunpowder, rockets and other explosives.\nAh, money, it makes the world go ’round! Which, it turns out, wouldn’t be possible without cotton.\nWould you believe the plant makes up 75% of our paper currency? According to the National Cotton Council of America, one pound of dollar bills contains three quarters of a pound of cotton.\n5. Medical Supplies\nSince cotton is absorbent, hypoallergenic and soft, it only makes sense to use in a variety of medical supplies. Here are just a few examples.\n- Wound dressings\n- Hospital gowns\n- Face masks\n- Cotton balls\n- Cotton swabs\n- Sanitizing wipes\n6. Cottonseed Oil\nSure, you’ve heard of olive oil, coconut oil, maybe even avocado oil, but have you ever used cottonseed oil? Just like the others, this product is ready to help with your baking and frying needs.\nBeyond work in the kitchen, cottonseed oil is also used in cosmetics. A key ingredient in many eyeshadow palettes, skin and hair care products, it works as a conditioning agent to make the user silky smooth.\nAs you can see, our fuzzy little friend does more than produce clothing — a huge contribution alone — but comes into play in almost every aspect of our lives.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Albrecht Von Haller Facts\nThe Swiss physician Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777) conducted experiments in organic sensibility and irritability that are landmarks in the development of physiology.\nAlbrecht von Haller was born in Bern on Oct. 16, 1708. He lacked the strength to participate in the more ordinary pursuits of childhood and, under the guidance of a tutor, turned to scholarly activities. Among other things, he studied languages and wrote poetry. At 15 he entered the University of Tübingen to study medicine; he moved to the University of Leiden in 1725 and received a doctorate there in 1727.\nFor the next 2 years Haller studied in London and Paris and at the University of Basel. At Basel he became interested in botany, and studies started there culminated in the publication of a flora of Switzerland in 1742, Enumeratio methodica stirpium Helveticarum. More immediately, his botanical field studies in the Alps inspired him to write Die Alpen, his best-known poem, which was published in his Versuch Schweizerischer Gedichte in 1732. This poem introduced the concept of mountain beauty to the literary world. In 1729 he began medical practice in his native Bern. In 1736 he was appointed professor of anatomy, surgery, and botany at the newly founded University of Göttingen, where he stayed until 1753.\nAt Göttingen, Haller's interest turned to physiology, and in 1747 he authored the first textbook of physiology, Primae lineae physiologiae. His most important work was on the irritability and sensibility of organs. Although both concepts predated Haller, he was the first to demonstrate experimentally that sensibility (the ability to produce sensation) existed only in organs supplied with nerves, while irritability (a reaction to stimuli) was a property of the organ or tissue. His concept of irritability was particularly important in efforts to understand muscle physiology. His ideas were published in 1753 in De partibus corporis humani sensibilibus et irritabilibus.\nIn 1753 Haller returned to Bern. He took a position with the Swiss state service and then, from 1758 until 1764, was resident manager of the Bernese saltworks. His detailed, eight-volume compendium of information on physiology, Elementa physiologiae corporis humani, appeared between 1759 and 1766.\nOn Dec. 12, 1777, Haller died. His influence as a teacher and his publications, numbering in the thousands, guided development in physiology for a century. His research method laid the lasting foundations of experimental physiology.\nFurther Reading on Albrecht Von Haller\nThere are several biographical sketches of Haller. These vary in their usefulness, but a good introduction is the chapter on Haller in Henry Sigerist, The Great Doctors (trans. 1933). Arturo Castiglioni, A History of Medicine (trans. 1941; rev. ed. 1947), and Ralph Hermon Major, A History of Medicine (vol. 2, 1954), discuss Haller and his work and are recommended for historical background.\nAdditional Biography Sources\nHaller, Albrecht von, The natural philosophy of Albrecht von Haller, New York:Arno Press, 1981.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Curious George at the Airport\nby Margret Rey, 23 pages, about 600 words\nItem Number: 2325\nThis is a Children's Text-Braille book, which means that in addition to raised Braille, it has extra features.\nWhat is a Text-Braille Book?\nThis book for the blind is offered in Original or Unified English Braille.\nWhat is Original Braille?\nWhat is Unified English Braille\nCurious George goes to the airport with his friend and manages to get lost.\nFor ages 4 to 7.\nPackage Weight: about 13.1 ounces.\n(From the Curious George Series shelf.)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Like most people, I believed that process of diagnosing and treating cancer begins with a biopsy. If cancer is suspected, a doctor will extract a small tissue sample -- usually a tiny cylindrical \"core sample\" -- and examine it for cancer cells. No cancer cells found -- that's good news! But if cancer cells are present, then you have decisions to make about treatment.\nA young woman named Richa Sehgal taught me that it's not so simple. There aren't just two types of cells (cancerous and non-cancerous). There are actually several types of cancer cells, and these do not all have the same importance when it comes to effective cancer treatment. I learned this from Richa during her presentation at Analytics Experience 2018 -- a remarkable talk for several reasons, not the least of which is this: Richa Sehgal is a high school student, just 18 years old. I'll have to check the record books, but this might make her the youngest-ever presenter at this premier analytics event.\nLast year, Richa served as a student intern at the Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection. That's where she learned about the biology of cancer. She was allowed (encouraged!) to attend all lab meetings – and the experience opened her eyes to the challenges of cancer detection.\nThe importance of cell types and how cancer works\nUnlike many technical conference talks that I've attended, Richa did not dive directly into the math or the code that support the techniques she was presenting. Instead, Richa dedicated the first 25 minutes of her talk to teach the audience how cancer works. And that primer was essential to help the (standing-room only!) audience to understand the relevance and value of her analytical solution.\nWhat we call \"cancer\" is actually a collection of different types of cells. Richa focused on three types: cancer stem cells (CSCs), transient amplifying cells (TACs), and terminally differentiated cells (TDCs). CSCs are the most rare type within a tumor, making up just a few percent of the total mix of cells. But because of their self-renewing qualities and their ability to grow all other types of cancer cells, these are very important to treat. CSCs require targeted therapy -- that is, you can't use the same type of treatment for all cell types. TACs usually require their own treatment, depending on the stage of the disease and the ability of a patient to tolerate the therapy. The presence of TACs can activate CSCs to grow more cancer cells, so if you can't eradicate the CSCs (and that's difficult to manage with 100% certainty, as we'll see) then it is important to treat the TACs. TDCs represent cancer cells that are no longer capable of dividing, and so generally don't require a treatment -- they will die off on their own.\n(I know that my explanation here represents a simplistic view of cancer -- but it was enough of a framework to help me to understand the rest of Richa's talk.)\nThe inexact science of biopsies\nNow that we understand that cancer is made up of a variety cell types, it makes sense to hope that when we extract a biopsy, that we get a sample that represents this cell type variability. Richa used an example of sampling a chocolate chip cookie. If you were to use a needle to extract a core sample from a chocolate chip cookie...but didn't manage to extract any portions of the (disappointingly rare) chocolate chips, you might conclude that the cookie was a simple sugar cookie. And as a result, you might treat that cookie differently. (If you encountered a raisin instead...well..that might require a different treatment altogether. Blech.)\nBut, as Richa told us, we don't yet know enough about the distribution and proximity of the different cell types for different types of cancers. This makes it difficult to design better biopsies. Richa is optimistic that it's just a matter of time -- medical science will crack this and we'll one day have good models of cancer makeup. And when that day comes, Richa has a statistical method to make biopsies better.\nUsing SAS and Python to model cancer cell clusters\nMost high school students wouldn't think to pick up SAS for use in their science fair projects, but Richa has an edge: her uncle works for SAS as a research statistician. However, you don't need an inside connection to get access to SAS for learning. In Richa's case, she used SAS University Edition hosted on AWS -- nothing to install, easy to access, and free to use for any learner.\nSince she didn't have real data that represent the makeup of a tumor, Richa created simulations of the cancer cells, their different types and proximity to each other in a 3D model. With this data in hand, she could use cluster analysis (PROC CLUSTER with Ward's method and then PROC TREE) to analyze a distant matrix that she computed. The result shows how close cancer cells of the same type are positioned in proximity. With that information, it's possible to design a biopsy that captures a highly variable collection of cells.\nRicha then used the Python package plotly to visualize the 3D model of her cell map. (I didn't have the heart to tell her that she could accomplish this in SAS with PROC SGPLOT -- some things you just have to learn for yourself.)\nA bright future -- for all of us\nClearly, Richa is an extremely accomplished young woman. When I asked about her college plans for next year, she told me that she has a long list of \"stretch schools\" that she's looking at. I'm having a difficult time understanding what constitutes a \"stretch\" for Richa -- I'm certain that any institution would love to have her.\nRicha's accomplishments make me feel optimism for her, but also for the rest of us. As a father of three daughters, I'm encouraged to see young women enter technical fields and be successful. SAS is among the elite technology companies that work to close the analytics skills gap by providing free software, education, and mentoring. Throughout the Analytics Experience 2018 conference, I've heard from many attendees who also saw Richa's talk -- they were similarly impressed and inspired. Presentations like Richa's deliver on the conference tagline: \"Analytics redefines innovation. You redefine the future.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Quality matters when hiring for a big project. Call a Best Pick now!\nResponsible Burning PoliciesAugust 16th, 2016 by\nEveryone loves a fun summer evening around the fire pit, but careless burning practices could cause much more serious harm than just a few burnt s’mores. By cultivating responsible burning habits and following local burning policies, you can ensure that your happy evening around the fire is safe for everyone.\nCheck Before You Burn\nBefore feeding anything to the flames, make sure the material you’re planning to burn won’t release harmful fumes during incineration or produce stray embers that could lead to an uncontrolled fire. Untreated wood is perfectly safe to burn, but many seemingly innocuous materials can pose health or fire hazards if they are burned. In addition, neglecting your local open burning regulations could be not only dangerous but also illegal. The following materials should not be burned:\n- Particle board, plywood, ocean driftwood, or any wood that is pressure treated, coated, painted, rotted, moldy, or diseased\n- Paper and cardboard\n- Christmas trees\n- Anything specified as not burnable by your state’s open burning policies\nFire Safety Tips\nThe EPA offers several helpful tips on how to burn safe materials responsibly and legally. Even if you’re burning something completely nontoxic and benign, it’s important to build and maintain the fire as carefully as possible.\n- Always use dry kindling, a natural fire starter, or a log lighter to start your fire—do not use charcoal, kerosene, or gasoline.\n- Before using an artificial log, make sure it is meant to be used with the type of hearth or fire pit you plan to use.\n- Use a metal container to hold any ashes you clean up.\n- If your fireplace or other burning apparatus has doors or a screen, keep it closed unless you are stoking the fire.\n- Avoid burning anything at times or locations prohibited by your local burning codes.\n- Anything flammable, such as upholstery or paper, should be kept away from the flames.\nAlways consult the open burning policies for your state to make sure that you have any permits you need and that everything you want to dispose of or use as kindling is legal to burn. Being smart about how and what you burn is the best way to avoid the dangerous effects of uncontrolled fumes and flames.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Resilience is the persistence of a population despite destabilizing forces. Portfolio theory states that the loss of diversity increases risk similarly in the ecological context as in the financial case (Figge, 2004). The key to an ecological application of portfolio theory is the diversity of ecosystem components that perform similar functions under differing environmental conditions, thereby reducing the variability in the overall ecosystem function. Complementary dynamics within a species-rich ecosystem and complementary life history strategies among sub-populations enhance resilience through variance dampening. Resilience conferred to a population via portfolio theory has yet to be investigated within a population, at the level of population age structure. The goal of this study is to build an IBM to evaluate the resilience of a long-lived rockfish to fishing pressure and environmental variability when the diversity of age-dependent reproductive strategies are diminished. There are two objectives for this study: 1) build an IBM that can represent two states of nature regarding reproductive biology of POP that can be utilized in a management strategy evaluation and 2) evaluate population response to anthropogenic and environmental forcing under two hypothesized states of nature.\nLinsey Arnold, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University\nFisheries and the Environment (FATE)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Magnetometry is the technique of measuring and mapping patterns of magnetism in the soil. Ancient activity,\nparticularly burning, leaves magnetic traces that show up even today when detected with the right equipment.\nBuried features such as ditches or pits, when they are filled with burnt or partly burnt materials, can show up\nclearly and give us an image of sub-surface archaeology.\nSoil is a complex build-up of material that is affected by many types of past activity. One of the most common is\nburning: this can take place for a variety of reasons - deliberately or accidentally; in one location or spread\nacross an area of crop or woodland. Burning permanently changes the magnetic properties of the surrounding soil by\naltering the magnetism of tiny iron particles. After this soil or stone has been moved, such as by ploughing,\nearthwork construction or ditch infill, this activity can be traced by looking for variations in soil magnetism\nagainst the general background of the earth's magnetic field. An area in which the soil has a slightly different\nmagnetic orientation to the surrounding earth can indicate the presence of sub-surface archaeology. Archaeological\nfeatures show up as higher or lower readings: deposits containing much burnt material (such as ditch fills) are\nusually higher; stone walls usually lower. Magnetometry can normally penetrate up to one to two metres in depth.\nIn some cases, the magnetic properties of the soil can be altered by bacterial action. This is most common in wet\nsoil conditions, and therefore can also be useful archaeologically in locating old river channels, for example.\nMagnetometry only works when past activity has produced a measurable pattern of magnetic contrast. Graves, for\nexample, rarely show up magnetically because they involve putting the same soil back into the hole very quickly\nafter it was dug out (but cremations are very magnetic). Magnetometry is also not possible where there is\nnon-archaeological magnetic contamination, such as metal fencing, iron refuse or traces of extensive modern burning.\nAn instrument known as a 'magnetometer' is required to measure and map traces of soil magnetism. There are various\ntypes of magnetometer, 'proton' magnetometers were the first to be widely used, 'fluxgate gradiometers' are most\ncommon at present; the latest 'caesium vapour' magnetometers are now making an impact.\nThe survey area is laid out in a regular grid, with each metre point marked on string lines. To avoid contaminating\nthe readings, surveyors must be free of magnetic materials, so watches, rings and credit cards must be left away\nfrom the survey area. Their clothing must not contain metallic zips, buttons, studs or other such fastenings.\nReadings are usually taken every metre or half-metre and then down-loaded from the magnetometer onto a computer\nand plotted using a special graphics programme. The results are usually plotted in squares representing the\nsurvey grid, with magnetic variations being represented by darker or lighter colours. When all the grid squares\nare joined together, they give a full area picture of patterns of magnetism, which can then be interpreted\nReturn to Geophysics.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Significant portions of the greater San Francisco Bay region are comprised of sloping ground, and most of this land is subject to landslides and other types of slope failure. 75,000 landslides—ranging widely in age, size, and type and degree of activity—have been mapped within the ten county region. Depending on location, the number of landslides identified averages about ten per square mile and varies from zero to 40.\nGoogle Earth File\nThis layer classifies the land as “Mostly Landslides”, “Few Landslides” and “Flat Land.”\nLandslides (5 kB)\nThis layer is intended solely as an educational tool. The California Geological Survey produces State-mandated regulatory maps that show “Zones of Required Investigation” for landslide hazards. Google Earth software enables you to zoom in beyond the level of accuracy provided in these data layers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Forest pests and diseases are a major challenge for U.S. forest sustainability in the 21st century\nGuy Robertson, firstname.lastname@example.org\nThe National Report on Sustainable Forests—2010 identified forest disturbance processes, and insect infestations in particular, as the greatest single threat to the current sustainability of America’s forests and perhaps the greatest challenge for forest management in our generation. This is not news to many in the forestry profession nor to many other people who care about forests. The media is full of stories about the latest forest fire, the land it has destroyed and the lives it has disrupted. Less covered but still well understood by those paying attention are the deteriorating forest conditions that are driving major changes in our forests and, in fire prone areas, leading to bigger and more intense fires. Pathogens, drought, fire suppression, and a number of other factors all play their part, but it is the rapid increase in forest pests, diseases and invasive species in recent decades that is the clearest signal that forests as we have known them are under threat.\nForest pests and diseases are challenging traditional notions of sustainability\nFor much of the history of forestry the central question has been one of “harvest regulation”: when, where and how much timber can we harvest without depleting the forest resources upon which we rely? Those days are gone, at least in the United States. In fact, the total amount of U.S. land covered in forests has remained quite stable for close to a century, and the volume of wood growing in these forests is increasing. Now we face a much more complex problem involving the management of vast forest lands, some dedicated to timber production but most not, and all subject to both natural processes and human influences interacting over time and space. The forest pests and diseases that are the focus of this article are a perfect example of this management challenge. Whatever we do, these forces will substantially shape the forests of the future. Now, the key question for sustainability is not simply about how much wood we can take; it’s about how we can design our actions to limit damage to forest ecosystems and enhance the many different benefits we derive from them.\nData to inform discussions and decisions\nA first step in responding to the problem is to develop the data needed to understand it. The Forest Service’s Forest Health Protection Unit [hot link] (FHP) has been working for over 60 years to inventory the various health threats confronting U.S. forests. The information they have developed was crucial to producing the forest health and disturbance indicators [hot link] in the National Report on Sustainable Forests. The key finding that pest-caused tree mortality had increased three-fold since the release of the previous Sustainability Report in 2003 emerged as the brightest red-flag in the 2010 Report. This finding masks considerable year-on-year variability, but the signal indicating substantial increases in insect activity is clear. We will be paying close attention to these statistics as we prepare for the publication of the next edition in 2015.\nFigure 1 FHP surveyed acres of tree mortality due to insects and diseases 1998-2011.\nSource: USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection. 2012. Major Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States: 2011. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service FS-1000. Washington D.C.\nDynamic and Complex Relationships\nWhen interpreting aggregate national statistics it is important to remember that they represent a combination of many different insect and disease events, each with a unique set of characteristics and impacts, and each posing different levels of threat. The relationship of specific pests to other disturbance events and natural processes is also unique. Bark Beetles in the West, for example, attack drought weakened trees and alter fire behavior and risk. Gypsy Moth populations in the East are held in check by moist springs. While the Southern Pine Beetle is endemic and its numbers are declining, the Emerald Ash Borer was first discovered in America as recently as 2002 and is rapidly spreading through the upper Midwest. The future response of each of these pests (and those that are discovered in the coming years) to changing climate conditions can be predicted in theory, but the actual result on the ground is a substantial unknown.\nChallenges for Management\nEven without climate change, responding to the different pests, diseases and invasive species in our forests would present a major challenge for forest managers. Climate change increases the uncertainty, and the urgency with which we must develop appropriate responses. The U.S. Forest Service has identified the restoration of forest health and resiliency as a core element in its management of National Forest lands [hot link?], as have states, municipalities and other land managers across the nation. The problem of exactly how we do this, however, remains a central question. The answer to this question will emerge over time, but we can enumerate several “rules of thumb” to help guide us in the process:\nManagement has to adapt. In the face of change and uncertainty we cannot simply rely on business-as-usual approaches to forestry. Instead, we have to foster adaptive techniques for developing management actions that actually work in the specific settings where they are applied. This means a dedication to experimentation and a willingness to discard failed approaches.\nNature doesn’t always take care of itself. Through our impacts on climate, the introduction of invasive pathogens and species, fires suppression, and various other activities we have essentially altered every acre of forest in the United States. In many places, letting nature run its course is simply not an option. In others, we may rightly choose to let natural processes continue without management interventions, but we must anticipate the consequences and be willing to live with them.\nWorking with nature and people. Major ecosystem processes occurring over vast landscapes and long time-spans are not something we can tackle head on just with chainsaws and bulldozers, or with a single government initiative. But sustained collaborative efforts involving multiple levels of government, the private sector and individuals can yield positive results over the long run, especially if we work smart, channeling natural processes rather than simply trying to obstruct them.\nLook beyond the usual boundaries (and suspects) of forestry. Pests and diseases affect trees everywhere, not just in our timberlands or national forests. Urban residents, farmers, and others benefit from the forests around them, they have a stake in the outcome, and they have energy, ideas and resources to bring to the table.\nWhat’s natural? What’s sustainable?\nAs human influences and natural processes continue to shape and change the forests around us, the definition of what’s natural or sustainable will remain a moving target. In most cases, it will likely prove impossible to simply freeze forests in their current state, much less return them to how they were 100 or 200 years ago. As a result, questions about exactly which forest characteristics we want to sustain and which values we want our forests to produce will continue to engage forest professionals and interested publics for the foreseeable future. The options, however, will be limited and the outcomes, in many cases, largely beyond our immediate control. Forest pests and diseases will play a big part in determining the future evolution of forest ecosystems in our country and the options available to society to manage this evolution.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "While it had a well entrenched upper middle class aristocracy of large and medium sized plantation owners, it had almost no one in an economic stratum above this level.\nIn a recent post at this blog, I summarized some of the key statistics, but didn't focus on it from an economic inequality perspective.\nEconomic Inequality In The South Before The Civil War\nIn 1860, there were about 22,100,000 people living in the Union states (400,000 of whom were slaves, about 2% of its overall population, of whom 340,000 were in Kentucky and Missouri) and 9,100,00 living in states that would become a part of the Confederate States of America (about 3,500,000 of whom were slaves, about 38% of its overall population). In the lowlands deep South including the Mississippi River valley, the percentage of the population that consisted of slaves was much greater.\nThere were about 394,000 slave holders in the United States in 1860. Only 8% of all US families owned slaves in 1860, but in the South, 33% of families owned slaves.\nOnly about 10% of the manufacturing capacity of the United States was in the South before the war. The Antebellum South was overwhelmingly an agrarian economy.The distribution of slaves among holders was very unequal: holders of 200 or more slaves, constituting less than 1% of all US slaveholders (fewer than 4,000 persons, 1 in 7,000 free persons, or 0.015% of the population) held an estimated 20–30% of all slaves (800,000 to 1,200,000 slaves). Nineteen holders of 500 or more slaves have been identified. The largest slaveholder was Joshua John Ward, of Georgetown, South Carolina, who in 1850 held 1,092 slaves, and whose heirs in 1860 held 1,130 or 1,131 slaves\nThese facts do not tell the story of a highly economically unequal society.\nPlantations Were Not The Big\nLet's start at the top.\nConsider Joshua John Ward, the owner of the single largest plantation in the entire American South as measured by number of slaves owned. His plantation was in just one county. The total size of his operation was big, but not that big. He had about as many people working under him as:\n* the general manager of a single location of a decent sized big city department store or Home Depot or grocery store;\n* the CEO of Colorado's Broadmoor hotel;\n* a modern U.S. Army Major (O-4) or Lieutenant Colonel (O-5) leading a battalion;\n* the Ships Captain of a large cruise ship or Harrier Carrier small aircraft carrier;\n* the chief of police in a city like Denver;\n* the President of a medium sized U.S. university campus;\n* the CEO of a medium sized, one location hospital;\n* the owner of a small manufacturing company with a single plant (e.g. Boulder's Celestial Seasonings company that makes specialty teas) or general manager of a single factory in a larger manufacturing company;\n* a superintendent of a medium sized school district;\n* the City Manager or Mayor of a medium sized suburban city;\n* the owner of a large construction company operating in just one city;\n* the President of a small community bank or local credit union;\n* the general manager of a single large hard rock mine at one location; or\n* the owner of a cab company in a Denver sized city.\nWas Joshua John Ward an economically successful man? Surely. But, his plantation would not have been a turnkey investment; he would have had to devote considerable time to actively managing it and by 21st century standards someone who actively runs an enterprise of that scale is right on the threshold between rich and merely upper middle class. Yet, he was the very epitome of the plantation owning aristocracy of the Antebellum South.\nOnly 19 families owning collectively 0.5% of the slaves in the American South, had enterprises even half the scale of Mr. Ward's plantation. Only a handful of plantation were in more than two or three counties and the vast majority were entirely within a single state. Not a single firm in the entire South had even 0.1% share of the entire cotton producing market in the American South.\nThe mean number of slaves per slaveholder in the American South was just under ten. About 70%-80% of slaves were at plantations with fewer than 200 slaves. The median slave was at a plantation with something on the order of 150 slaves give or take - an enterprise with a scale about 1/7th that size of Mr. Ward's plantation. One of the owners of one of the thousands of plantations of this size, again in a single county were comparable to:\n* the general manager of a single location of a medium sized Big Box store like a Best Buy;\n* the owner of a a handful of fast food franchises;\n* a modern U.S. Army Captain (O-3) or Major (O-4) leading a company and some supporting units;\n* the Ships Captain of a U.S. Navy Frigate;\n* the head of the Parks and Recreation Department in a city like Denver;\n* the President of a small liberal arts college;\n* the CEO of a small community hospital;\n* the owner of a dry cleaning chain in a single metropolitan area;\n* a principal at a large urban high school;\n* the City Manager or Mayor of a small city;\n* the owner of a medium sized general contracting firm;\nIn short, firmly in the middle of the modern upper middle class, and not actually \"rich.\"\nThe proportion of families that owned any slaves in the American South was similar to the proportion of families in modern American that have a college graduate.\nEconomic Inequality In The South After The Civil War\nThe . . . Confederacy fielded about 1,064,000 soldiers (about 19% of its free population and about 38% of its free male population of all ages). About half of the Confederate Army in Virginia in 1861 came from slave holding families and (per Wikipedia on Slavery in the United States) and more \"enlistees rented land from, sold crops to, or worked for slaveholders.\" . . . Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6% in the North and 18% in the South. . . .\nThe war destroyed much of the wealth that had existed in the South. All accumulated investment in Confederate bonds was forfeit. Income per person in the South dropped to less than 40% than that of the North, a condition which lasted until well into the 20th century. Southern influence in the US federal government, previously considerable, was greatly diminished until the latter half of the 20th century.\nAn effective Union naval blockade captured about 95% of the exports from the Confederate states during the war. . . .\nIn the short run, the war destroyed almost all 8,800 miles of Confederate railroads while the Union added about 7,300 miles to its existing 21,800 miles of railroad. The war also destroyed almost all of the South's manufacturing plants, and almost all of its cotton production, and almost all of its exports (70% of the total for the nation before the war).The uncompensated loss of slaves due to the Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment, was in many cases (probably most) promptly followed by the loss of plantation land to carpet bagger lenders during Reconstruction.\nThus, in the Reconstruction and immediately post-Reconstruction South, the South saw a decline in economic inequality from what had already been a highly Jeffersonian economy, despite its stratification into quite rigid castes. The wealth of the South's historic upper middle class largely collapsed in favor of a new and far more complexly organized modern economic elite with a strong component of Northern financial and commercial interests.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Braess Paradox\n|What is the Braess Paradox?||The Original Braess Article and the Translation into English|\n|Supernetworks Center Home||Braess Visit to UMass Amherst and the Center with Photos||Links|\n|Removing Roads and Traffic Lights Speeds Urban Travel\nDid you know that-\nWhen 42nd street was closed in New\nYork City, instead of the predicted traffic gridlock, traffic flow actually\nwhen a new road was constructed in Stuttgart, Germany, traffic flow worsened and only improved after the road was torn up?\nThese paradoxical phenomena are but two real examples of the Braess paradox, named after Dietrich Braess who, in 1968, noted that in a user-optimized network, when a new link is added, the change in equilibrium flows might result in a higher cost, implying that users were better off without that link.\nThe Braess paradox is as follows: Consider a simple\nnetwork with 4 nodes, a single origin node 1, and a single destination\nnode 4, as illustrated by the first network in the figure below. There\nare 2 paths available to the travelers: path p1 consists of\nlinks a and c, whereas path p2 consists of links b and d. Let\nthe user link cost functions for the links be given by:\n|ca(fa)=10 fa||cb(fb) = fb+ 50|\n|cc(fc) = fc+ 50||cd(fd) = 10 fd|\nwhere fa denotes the flow on link a, fb denotes the flow on link b, and so on. If the travel demand for the origin/destination node pair of nodes (1,4) is 6, the equilibrium path flows are: xp1* = xp2* = 3, the equilibrium link flows are, hence, fa* = fb* = fc* = fd* = 3, and the incurred travel costs on the paths are: Cp1 = Cp2 = 83. Thus, no traveller/user has any incentive to alter his path since doing so would increase his travel cost.\nNow, add a link e from node 2 to node 3 as shown in the second network above. Let the link cost function for link e be ce(fe) = fe + 10. The network is no longer in equilibrium with the original flow pattern, since a path p3 is now available consisting of links a, e, and d with a cost of Cp3 = 70. Since 70 is less than 83, the travellers would utilize the new path, resulting in a new equilibrium flow pattern. The equilibrium flow pattern for the new network is xp1* = xp2* = xp3* = 2. The link flows become fa* = fd* = 4 and fb* = fc* = fe* =2. The incurred travel costs on the used paths are: Cp1 = Cp2 = Cp3 = 92. Since the new equilibrium travel cost of 92 is greater that the original one of 83, the addition of the link makes every traveller worse off!\nTo learn more about Braess Paradox, see Professor\nBraess' home page.\nThe Articles: Braess published his article in German, Über ein Paradoxon aus der Verkehrsplanung, in Unternehmensforschung (12, 258–268) in 1968. A Copy of the German Article is available on Professor Braess' homepage.\nIn 2005, Professor Braess asked Professor Anna Nagurney of UMass to assist him in preparing an English translation of the article. Ms. Tina Wakolbinger, then a Doctoral Student in Management Science at UMass (Dr. Tina Wakolbinger is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Memphis) and a native of Austria, assisted in the translation. The translated article was published in the November 2005 issue of the journal Transportation Science. Click for a copy of the translation.\nThe Editor-in-Chief of Transportation Science at that time, Professor Hani S. Mahmassani, asked Professor Nagurney and Professor David Boyce of Northwestern University to write a Preface to the translation.\nHomepage of Professor Dietrich Braess\nHomepage of Professor Anna Nagurney\nHomepage of Professor David E. Boyce\nLast Update: February 28, 2009", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which an individual suffers from unwanted repetitive thoughts and behaviors. These obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors are extremely difficult to overcome. If severe and untreated, OCD can destroy the ability to function at work, at school, or at home.\nThis part of the brain is believed to be the area of impulse control. People with OCD may have chemical imbalances in the brain that affect this area.\nCopyright © 2005 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. www.nucleusinc.com\nThe cause of OCD is not known. It is believed to develop from neurobiological, environmental, and psychological factors. An imbalance of the brain chemical serotonin probably plays a significant role in the development of OCD.\nOCD is associated with other neurological disorders, including:\nA risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for OCD include:\nSymptoms of OCD are:\nAlthough people with OCD know that their thoughts and behaviors are nonsensical and would like to avoid or stop them, they are frequently unable to block their obsessive thoughts or avoid acting on their compulsions.\nCommon obsessions include:\nCommon compulsions include:\nOCD is usually diagnosed through a psychiatric assessment. OCD is often diagnosed when obsessions and/or compulsions cause an individual significant distress or interfere with the individual’s ability to properly perform at work, school, or in relationships.\nTreatment reduces OCD thoughts and behaviors, but does not completely eliminate them.\nSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) reduce OCD symptoms by affecting the neurotransmitter serotonin. This function is independent of their antidepressant effects. Common SSRIs include:\nPlease Note: On March 22, 2004, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a Public Health Advisory that cautions physicians, patients, families, and caregivers of patients with depression to closely monitor both adults and children receiving certain antidepressant medications. The FDA is concerned about the possibility of worsening depression and/or the emergence of suicidal thoughts, especially among children and adolescents at the beginning of treatment, or when there’s an increase or decrease in the dose. The medications of concern, mostly SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors), are: Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Paxil (paroxetine), Luvox (fluvoxamine), Celexa (citalopram), Lexapro (escitalopram), Wellbutrin (bupropion), Effexor (venlafaxine), Serzone (nefazodone), and Remeron (mirtazapine). Of these, only Prozac (fluoxetine) is approved for use in children and adolescents for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Luvox (fluvoxamine) are approved for use in children and adolescents for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. For more information, please visit http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/antidepressants.\nAnother medication often used is clomipramine (Anafranil). This is a tricyclic antidepressant drug that alters serotonin levels.\nThis helps you gradually confront the feared object or obsession without succumbing to the compulsive ritual associated with it.\nThere are no guidelines for preventing OCD because the cause is not known. However, early intervention may provide help before the disorder becomes severely disruptive.\nAnxiety Disorders Association of Americahttp://www.adaa.org\nCanadian Mental Health Centerhttp://www.cmha.ca\nCanadian Psychological Associationhttp://www.cpa.ca\nFauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2000.\nNational Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health website. Available at: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ . Accessed October 13, 2005.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to dye cork\nWhether using cork for craft projects, trying to create your own custom corkboard or making wine corks a little more colourful to display, dye the cork to give your project a fun, new look. Cork is a very porous material and can be easily dyed with some fabric acid dye.\nFabric acid dye can be found at any fabric shop or your local arts and crafts store.\nPour 1 packet of powder fabric dye into a small bowl. Add 2 cups of very hot water to the powder to dissolve it.\n- Whether using cork for craft projects, trying to create your own custom corkboard or making wine corks a little more colourful to display, dye the cork to give your project a fun, new look.\n- Pour 1 packet of powder fabric dye into a small bowl.\nFill a gallon bucket halfway up with hot water. Add the dissolved dye to the bucket. If you're dyeing corkboard, use a deep baking dish.\nDrop your corks into the bucket. Stir the corks in the bucket with a stainless steel spoon for 15 minutes. Allow the corks to soak in the dye for an additional 45 minutes.\nPull out one cork after 45 minutes, and rinse it under cool water. If the cork has been dyed to your desired colour, remove any other corks you have soaking. If the colour is not as vibrant, drop the cork back into the water and let the cork soak for an additional 30 minutes.\nRepeat Step 4 until your corks have reached the desired colour. Lighter colour wine corks may be dyed your desired colour after just one hour. Darker corkboard may take two or three hours.\n- Drop your corks into the bucket.\n- Lighter colour wine corks may be dyed your desired colour after just one hour.\nRemove your corks when the desired colour has been reached. Rinse the cork under cool water until the dye no longer runs from the cork. Set the cork on paper towel to completely dry before using.\nAndrea Griffith has been writing professionally since 2005. Her work has been published by the \"Western Herald,\" Detroit WDIV, USAToday and other print, broadcast and online publications. Although she writes about a wide range of topics, her areas of expertise include fashion, beauty, technology and education. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in journalism and English from Western Michigan University.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "30 Apr How Seasonal Allergies Affect Your Oral Health\nSpring has sprung, but unfortunately, so have seasonal allergies. Congestion, sneezing and watery eyes can make it difficult to enjoy a beautiful spring day, but did you know your seasonal allergies might be impacting your oral health?\nAllergies can be a catalyst for many dental issues, including dry mouth. In general, you are more inclined to breathe through your mouth when dealing with a stuffy, congested nose. Dry mouth can also occur as a side effect of many antihistamines. Not only is a dry mouth uncomfortable, it is the perfect environment for cavity-causing bacteria to multiply. This is because saliva plays a critical role in washing away bits of food and plaque from the teeth. A lack of saliva leaves the teeth susceptible to bad breath, cavities, and even gingivitis.\nA sore throat is never fun. The irritation caused by post-nasal drip can result in noticeably bad breath. Unfortunately, if your bad breath is caused by a sore throat, brushing your teeth won’t help much at all.\nKeeping your dental health in check during allergy season is important. Stay hydrated to combat the effects of dry mouth and assist the body in flushing away excess mucus.\nMaintaining a regular brushing and flossing routine is especially important for preventing cavities for those dealing with dry mouth. Treat your allergies, as controlling them will reduce their impact on your oral health. Avoid known triggers and discuss long-term allergy solutions with your doctor. If you experience any unusual mouth pain or problems, address these issues with your dentist.\nIf you would like to book an appointment at your dentist in Widnes, please call us on 0151 424 2516.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The treaty was adopted after all-night negotiations that capped a week of talks in Geneva, U.N. environmental officials and diplomats said. A signing ceremony will be held later this year in Japan, and then 50 nations must ratify it before it comes into force, which officials said they would expect to happen within about three to four years.\n\"To agree on global targets is not easy to do,\" UNEP executive director Achim Steiner told a news conference. \"There was no delegation here that wished to leave Geneva without drafting a treaty.\"\nThe treaty will for the first time set enforceable limits on emissions of mercury, which is widely used in chemical production and small-scale mining, and to exclude, phase out or restrict some products that contain mercury.\n\"We have closed a chapter on a journey that has taken four years of often intense, but ultimately successful negotiations and opened a new chapter towards a sustainable future,\" said Fernando Lugris, the Uruguayan diplomat who chaired the negotiations.\nBut some supporters of a new mercury treaty said they were not satisfied with the agreement.\nJoe DiGangi, a science adviser with advocacy group IPEN, said that while the treaty is \"a first step,\" it is not tough enough to achieve its aim of reducing overall emissions.\n[to top of second column]\nFor example, he said, there is no requirement that each country create a national plan for how it will reduce mercury emissions.\nBut proponents of the treaty say it will set meaningful controls and reductions on a range of products, processes and industries where mercury is used, released or emitted.\nThese would include medical equipment like thermometers, energy-saving light bulbs, mining and cement and coal-fired power industries.\nSwiss environmental ambassador Franz Perrez said the treaty \"will help us to protect human health and the environment all over the world.\"\nPress; By JOHN HEILPRIN]\nCopyright 2013 The Associated\nPress. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,\nbroadcast, rewritten or redistributed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Enhancing intelligence comes with the notion that you need to study, study, and study even more.\nPeople used to believe that you are born with a certain level of intelligence that you can work with later on, but thanks to science, we now know that there are some sure-shot ways to improve your brainpower while enjoying the process at the same time. Here are some fun activities that can make you smarter:\nJust like when you were in school, reading is a crucial part of the learning process. However, this doesn’t mean that it will depend on the type of books you read.\nIt doesn’t matter if the book is as entertaining as the Harry Potter saga, Twilight, and Game of Thrones or as serious as journals and studies, as long as you are reading.\nThis is because the activity can help alleviate stress levels, thereby enhancing fluid, emotional, and crystallized intelligence.\nReading is essential in aiding you to navigate your everyday dealings, understand different processes, solve problems, and comprehend other people’s emotions effectively. It is also is beneficial for managers who must decipher how to gauge their relationship with employees.\nWhile not everyone enjoys exercising, evidence suggests that it can help you sharpen your mind. Studies show that regular workouts are better than occasional, rigorous ones because if you perform them consistently, BDNF or brain-derived neurotrophic factor, increases in the cells.\nThis protein plays a key role in the growth, survival, and maintenance of the nerve cells. Science has found this to be useful for learning, concentrating, understanding, focusing, and memorizing.\nPlus, exercising doesn’t just help you become more intelligent, it keeps your mental health in check as well. Whenever you move and sweat, your brain releases endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine – all the chemicals that make you feel good.\nExercising your brain will also do wonders. You can do this by playing Sudoku, board games, and anything that challenges the mind. This is crucial because it increases our brain’s neuroplasticity.\nPlay an Instrument\nIt doesn’t take a genius to know that playing musical instruments can help cultivate your creative side while putting you in a relaxed state. Science also found that the activity is useful for enhancing analytical skills, math, and motor skills.\nApart from this, it also strengthens the group of nerve fibers that connects the right and left brain hemispheres, which is also called the corpus callosum. With better corpus callosum, your brain function will generally improve. This is also helpful in problem-solving and memory improvement.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One of the most common questions I ask teachers and administrators attending my presentations and workshops now is:\nDoes your school district trust you as an educator on the Internet more than they trust kindergarten students?\nFor most educators I work with here in the southwestern United States, the answer is almost always “no.” The vast majority of public school districts in which I work and with which I am familiar provide a SINGLE LEVEL of content filtering for EVERYONE utilizing the network for Internet access. This is unfortunate, since teachers are PROFESSIONALS and deserve to be trusted much more than anyone does or should trust a five year old.\nI know of only three Oklahoma public school districts (Tulsa, Enid, and Alva) which currently provide differentiated content filtering for teachers and students. I am planning to put together a whitepaper on this topic in the coming month, and (if possible) will share that document publicly. My perception at this point is that the schools have different network architectures and hardware/software configurations which make it possible to provide differentiated content filtering, but the basic idea can be summarized in the following Skitch diagram:\nI hope to learn more about different configuration options available for differentiated content filtering at the educational technology conferences I’m attending later this spring. If school districts insist on blocking access to sites like YouTube, PBwiki, Wikispaces and Blogger, in my view they should NOT block that access for teachers. Differentiated content filtering is not the “endgame” when it comes to changes we need to see on IT networks in schools to help them better support instructional objectives and learning needs, but it certainly would be a step in the right direction for many of the schools I work in and around.\nIs your school district providing differentiated content filtering yet? If so, do you know how they provide it? (What type of authentication scheme and content filtering system are they using?) If not, how are you going to get this conversation in front of policymakers?\nIf you enjoyed this post and found it useful, subscribe to Wes' free newsletter. Check out Wes' video tutorial library, \"Playing with Media.\" Information about more ways to learn with Dr. Wesley Fryer are available on wesfryer.com/after.\nOn this day..\n- Video Toolbox: A Good iPad App for Blurring Student Faces (when needed) - 2015\n- Social Media Consulting Services - 2012\n- Essential Media for Educators - 2012\n- Surviving Dachau, Liberating Mauthausen - 2011\n- Erewhon, Mt Sunday (Edoras) and the Rangitata Valley - 2009\n- EETT Funding (Title IID) Updates - 2009\n- Here come Star Trek communicators - 2007\n- Self-promotional video is instructive on different levels - 2007\n- Firewire over IP and Target Mode - 2004\n- Eminem's lawsuit, intellectual property, and greed - 2004", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mineral rights are the rights to anything underground for a piece of land. Often the minerals are owned by someone other than the landowner. These underground minerals may be bought and sold in the same way as the surface of the property. To find the owner of a property's mineral rights, you may have to dig into the history of the property. Title companies only determine chain of ownership for the surface, so to find mineral rights, you'll need to visit the county archives or hire a company that specializes in such searches.\nStudy the property's legal description. Obtain the current deed of ownership. If minerals are not mentioned, that suggests that the rights to the minerals are not owned by the same entity as the land surface.\nView the property in question. Oil pumping units or mining activity, even if it appears abandoned, suggest that the mineral rights have been actively purchased or sold. Rights can be passed on in wills or given to children. If the activity is ongoing, check with the production company for any information regarding mineral ownership. This may provide a starting point for research.\nSeek out the property records from the county in which the property is located. With no mention of minerals in the current deed, a search must be conducted to determine when and to whom the mineral rights were sold or assigned.\nReview the mineral deeds in the county archives. Mineral deeds in actively developed counties generally have indexes designated specifically for minerals. If no production or exploration has been done in the county, the mineral deeds may be combined with ownership records for surface rights.\nPlot the ownership of the first mineral owner found, typically listed in the patent deed (the first deed of record). Write their name, the date of the deed and the percent of ownership at the top of a sheet of paper. Continue research to find who the mineral rights were sold or assigned to next. Continue in this manner until you find the current owner. Often there are multiple owners with varying percentages of interest.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Presentation on theme: \"Pectoral Girdle A pectoral girdle is a skeletal complex in the body wall immediately behind the head that articulates with the anterior fins or limbs.\"— Presentation transcript:\nPectoral Girdle A pectoral girdle is a skeletal complex in the body wall immediately behind the head that articulates with the anterior fins or limbs. This is a picture of the ray-finned fish Polypterus, which exemplifies the basic pattern of all pectoral girdles. Components: Scapula & Coracoid: receives force generated by fins. Posttemporal: braces the girdle against the skull. Clavicle: braced against the opposite clavicle. Cleithrum: a major bone.\nPectoral Girdle In modern bony fishes the clavicle has been lost but the other bones remain. Cartilaginous fishes have only the endoskeletal components that do not ossify (shown in black) and have none of the dermal components (shown in red).\nPectoral Girdle Dermal bones predominate in the pectoral girdle of bony fishes, whereas replacement bones predominate in tetrapods. Tetrapods Early tetrapods are only different in that they gained the interclavicle and lost the posttemporal. Tetrapods either need clavicles, coracoids or both to brace the scapula against the sternum. Coracoid Develops from embryonic coracoid plate: anterior ossification centers give rise to procoracoids and posterior centers give rise to coracoids. Clavicle Absent: urodeles, apodans, and most nonavian reptiles. Present in most mammals.\nPectoral Girdle Scapula Present in all tetrapods with vestiges of anterior limbs. Contains the glenoid fossa for articulation with the humeral head.\nPectoral Girdle Mammalian scapula The scapular spine divides the scapula into supraspinous and infraspinous fossae, where arm muscles originate. Muscles also attach to the acromion process near the glenoid fossa. Mammalian clavicle Large in mammals with strong forelimbs used in digging, climbing, or flying. In cats the clavicle is a vestigial splinter. No connections between scapula and the sternum. Allows cats to withstand the shock of landing upright on forelimbs.\nTest Questions 1.What is the purpose of the posttemporal bone in the Polypterus fish? 2.T/F Cartilaginous fish have both dermal and endoskeletal components to their pectoral girdle. 3._________ bones predominate in the pectoral girdle of bony fishes, whereas __________ bones predominate in tetrapods. 4.What is the purpose of the scapula in tetrapods with anterior limbs? 5.The _________ divides the scapula into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.\nAnswers 1.The posttemporal bone braces the pectoral girdle against the skull. 2. False, they lack dermal components. 3.Dermal; replacement 4.Contains the glenoid fossa for articulation with the humeral head. 5.Scapular spine\nPelvic Girdle (Fish) Consist of cartilaginous or bony pair pelvic Plates that meet in a midventral pelvic symphysis. No dermal bones in the pelvic girdle of fishes or tetrapods.\nPelvic Girdle (Tetrapods) Tetrapod embryos develop cartilginous pelvic plates. Each plate ossifies at two centers to form a pubis and a more posterior ischium. At the junction of the pubis, ischium, and ilium, a socket, the acetabulum, accomodates the head of the femur.\nPelvic Girdle (Tetrapods) Reptiles: – The structure of the pelvic girdles of reptiles is correlated with their diverse body structure and with their mode of locomotion. – In most reptiles, the pubis is directed away from the ischium, resulting in a triradiate girdle. – An epipubic and hypoischial bone frequently develops in association with the pelvic girdle of reptiles.\nPelvic Girdle (Birds) The ilia and ischia of modern birds are enormously expanded and united with the synsacrum. There is no ischial or pubic symphysis. Absence of these provide a wide outlet for laying eggs.\nPelvic Girdle (Mammals) Ilium, ischium, and pubis ankylose early in postnatal life to form a left and right innominate (coxal) bone. Sacroiliac joint Ischiopubic symphysis Since mammalian young are delivered through the pelvic outlet, the fibrocartilage is softened by ovarian hormone relaxin, which expands the pelvic outlet for delivery.\nQuestions There are dermal bones in the pelvic girdle of tetrapods and fish. -T or F (False) What is the junction of the pubis, ischium, and ilium in tetrapods called? (acetabulum) In reptiles, the pubis is directed away from the ischium. What does this create? (triradiate girdle) Why do birds not have an ischial or pubic symphysis? (Wide outlet for laying eggs) What is the ovarian hormone that promotes expansion of the pelvic outlet? (relaxin)\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion Rays: located in dermis 2 varieties: lepidotrichia, in bony fish, jointed bony dermal scales, aligned end to end. Ceratotrichia, in cartilaginous fish, long horny rays.\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion Fin rays generate from a row of cartilaginous or bony basalia and one or more rays of radialia. Striated muscle mass extends into the base of the fin and inserts onto available skeletal elements. Different taxa exhibit wide variety in morphology, making identification of ancestral fin type (archipterygium) highly unlikely.\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion Fishes have 1, 2, or a series of dorsal fins, and may have an anal fin. Act as keels keeping fish from rolling left to right.\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion Paired fins: Lobed-fleshy proximal lobe containing fin skeleton and muscles, membranous distal portion stiffened by rays Fin fold- broad base Ray fins- very flexible fins, lost components of basal skeleton, some have no pelvic fins. Spiny fins- all extinct.\nTetrapod Limbs Tetrapods typically have four limbs. Some limbs have been modified as wings or paddles while others have been lost all together. Early tetrapods had short limbs. In transition from water to land a shift from horizontal structure to vertical was seen. Later a shift from sprawling stance to upright occurred. Tetrapod limbs consist of three segments. Propdium Epipodium Autopodium\nPropodium and Epipodium The epipodium (forearm) is composed of the ulna and radius. The radius bears most of the weight. The ulna is longer than the radius. The ulna sometimes fuses with the radius or may be vestigial. The humerus is the single bone located in the propodium (upper arm). The humerus of all tetrapods is very similar, any variations are adaptive modifications.\nThigh and Lower Leg Bones The thigh bone is the femur, the tibia and fibula are bones of the lower leg. There is little difference in these bones from one tetrapod to another (see picture). The patella (kneecap), which developed in birds and mammals, protects the joint from abrasive from the tendon. When the fibula unites with the tibia the tibiofibula is formed (frogs). In birds the tibia and the proximal row of tarsals fuse to form the tibiotarsus.\nManus: The Hand Made up of wrist, palm, and digits Very similar among species Digits range in number; dominant is pentadactyl (five-digit) limb Carpus (wrist): Three regular rows of carpal bones – Proximal row: radiale, ulnare, intermedium Ulnar end in most reptiles and mammals, sesamoid bone- pisiform – Middle row: centralia – Distal row: distal carpals 1-5 Metacarpals – Primitively, as many metacarpals as digits\nDigits: Consist of phalanges – Early formula for pentadactyl hand: – Modern mammals almost universally Modifications of the manus – Reduction in number of bones by evolutionary loss or fusion Centralia commonly unite with proximal carpals or disappear; some reptiles and mammals have single centrale Fusion of distal carpals 4 & 5 = hamate bone Phalanges or entire digits may be lost (metacarpal becomes vestigial or lost) – Disproportionate lengthening or shortening (less common)\nAmphibians – Most have 5 digits on hindlimb, 4 on forelimb, some have less – Number of wrist bones is smaller in modern than in labyrinthodonts – Line of descent is conjectural, so no way to tell homologies Nonavian reptiles and mammals – Generally pentadactyl, with five metacarpals – Crocodiles: wrist is five bones – Birds: entire manus is reduced – Modifications for various environments\nQUIZ What is the formula for the phalanges of most modern mammals? – A) B) C) D) True or False: In birds, the proximal row of tarsals fuse to form the tibiofibula Name the three regions of tetrapod limbs Choose all the bones that are part of the manus: – Radius, phalanges, radiale, ulna, metacarpals, intermedium, ulnare The epipodium is composed of which two bones?: – A) Radius, humerus – B) Tibia, fibula – C) Ulna, radius – D) Ulna, femur\nQUIZ Answers B False Propdium, Epipodium, Autopodium Phalanges, radiale, metacarpals, intermedium, ulnare C\nFlight Carpometacarpus- fusion of 3 metacarpals and 3 distal carpals 3 fingers present…1 st finger called alula (elongated, prominent, independent) – Songbirds – broad short wings – Carnivorous – long, broad wings – Hummingbird – hand is longer than its arm Hands exert a strong breaking force for landing\nFlight Unlike birds, the hand is the main part of the wings in bats Normal thumb w/ claw, but elongated fingers- both metacarpals and phalanges Movement of the hand responsible for takeoff and true flight\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion The “hands” have become Paddlelike Flippers in well adapted marine amniotes Flippers are generally flattened and stout In several taxa, the number of phalanges has greatly increased In some Ichthyosaurs there were as many as 26 phalanges per digit and more than 100 in a single hand! Adaptations for Life in the Water\nGirdles, Fins, Limbs & Locomotion Most other swimmers have skeletons that conform closely to the tetrapod pattern Some aquatic animals have lost their hind limbs… Use flipperlike “wings” for thrust, webbed feet for rudders (ie. Penguins) Others don’t use foreflippers for swimming….hind limbs\nQuestions: 1. Carpometacarpus is the fusion of ____ metacarpals and ____ carpals – A) 2, 6--B) 3, 3 – C) 4, 2--D) 2, 4 2. The first digit in birds that is elongated, prominent, and independently movable… A) ulnareB) radiale C) alulaD) manus\nQuestions continued 3. True or False: In the fingers of a bat, both the metacarpals and phalanges are elongated. True 4.What adaptation has been vital for aquatic marine amniotes, and what do they look like (shape)? Paddlelike flippers; flattened and stout 5.True or False: Penguins obtain thrust for swimming solely from their foreflippers? true\nRunning and Grasping Plantigrade- Digits, wrist, and ankle rest on ground. ie. Monotremes, marsupials, primates Digitigrade- Weight borne on digital arches with wrist and ankle elevated. ie. Rabbits, rodents and carnivores Unguligrade- Walk on four, three, two or one digit with wrist and ankle elevated on elongated metatarsals. ie. Ungulates\nRunning and Grasping Artiodactyles are paraxonic meaning their bodyweight is borne evenly on two parallel axes. Perissodactyles are mesaxonic meaning weight tends to be distributed to the middle digit\nRunning and Grasping Tibiotarsus- Found in birds; fused proximal tarsals and tibia. Tarsometatarsus- fused distal tarsals along with three fused metatarsals. Joint between tarsometatarsus and toes allows the bird to be poised for flight.\nRunning and Grasping In homonoids the metatarsal arch allows distribution of weight over four solid bases; the heel and the ball of each foot. Hallux- the great toe; opposable in most primates but not humans, aids in grasping.\nRunning and Grasping 1 - Perissodactyl 2 – Canine foot structure 3 – Opposable in primates 4 - Artiodactyl 5 – Human foot structure A plantigrade B digitigrade C paraxonic D mesaxonic E hallux\nHind Feet (Amphibians and Reptiles) Comparable with manus except for pisiform Basal amphibians display a prehallux Reptiles have fused tarsal bones known as the astragalocalcaneus\nHind Feet (Birds and Mammals) Bird feet are highly modified, with a tibiotarsus and fusion of the distal tarsals with the metatarsals Mammals have no intratarsal joint, but a hinge joint at the ankle.\nMarine Movement Sculling – Anterior flippers only for maneuvering – Lateral undulations of posterior trunk and flippers key – Neck elongated Cetaceans thrust forward by dorsal and ventral undulations with stiff tail – “Legless gallop”\nTerrestrial Trekking Hind flippers switch from swimming position into a tetrapod stance Flexible wrist joint further helps locomotion on land Wriggling seals’ hind limbs are permanently bound to the tail\nQuestions Name one similarity between reptile hind feet and bird feet Name one difference between amphibian feet and reptile feet Which group of animals lacks an intratarsal joint? What pedal feature is exclusively a hominoid characteristic? Name the primary difference in locomotion between wriggling and fur seals\nAnswers Intratarsal joint Fusion of the tarsal bones Mammals Metatarsal arch Wriggling seals have a hind limb permanently bound to the tail, while fur seals can switch their hind flippers into a tetrapod stance.\nOrigin of Tetrapod Limbs Two hypotheses: Modification of pre-existing structures or Formation of new features Common to both hypotheses are the origin of proximal elements of the limb Some necessary modifications for limb development are: Elongation of the two bones of the epodium (limb bones immediately above the hand or foot.). Rotation of long axes of humerus and femur to parallel the vertebral column. Formation of hinge joints Emergence of definitive manus (hand) and pes (foot). Fig comparison of Devonian rhipidistian fish’s pectoral fin and early tetrapod’s forelimb. Tetrapod forelimb Rhipidistian pectoral fin\nOrigin of Tetrapod Limbs It is possible that early Rhipidistian fins were used for resting on the water bottom. Minor modifications could have led to “walking” on the muddy floor; and later venturing onto land. Some type of pressure(s) drove craniates onto land – so it was inevitable that a more suitable limb would evolve. (Some fish today use pectoral fins to move on land, example: the Australian lungfish)\nLocomotion with no Limbs Snakes often combine several methods of locomotion Limbless amphibians on land use lateral undulation of the body and tail (like a fish) to move. Marine sea snakes have a flattened tail that they use like an oar to propel them through the water. All movements are made possible by modifications in: - the skin - body wall musculature - ribs - the vertebral column\nLocomotion with no Limbs The different types of locomotion used by snakes and other limbless tetrapods are: Serpentine – uses irregular loops propped against any stationary object that allow snake to push off from. Uses waves of muscle contraction from head to tail. – Also referred to as lateral undulation, but there are slight differences Rectilinear locomotion – the snake moves in a straight line. It relies on friction between the ventral skin and substrate. The ventral skin acts like a conveyor belt. Belly scutes alternate pressing and sliding forward on the substrate to create movement. Sidewinding – Enables snakes (like rattlesnakes) to inhabit sandy deserts. Useful when the other methods would be clumsy or ineffective. Snakes propel themselves with modified serpentine movements while thrusting their anterior portion forward. Concertina – Similar to sidewinding. Movement similar to an accordian. Serpentine is the most common method of locomotion used by snakes and lizards.\nReview Questions 1.Match the following types of limbless locomotion to the diagram. Serpentine Rectilinear Locomotion Sidewinding Concertina 2.What is the most common method of locomotion used by limbless creatures? 3.True or False. It is believed that tetrapod limbs evolved from fins. 4.Limbless locomotion is made possible by modifications in: a.the skin b.body wall musculature c.Ribs d. the vertebral column e. all of the above\n5.Which of the following is not necessary for limb development a.Elongation of the two bones of the epodium (limb bones immediately above the hand or foot.). b.Rotation of long axes of humerus and femur to parallel the vertebral column. c.Formation of hinge joints d.Emergence of definitive manus (hand) and pes (foot). e.All are necessary", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The trans-Atlantic slave trade is one of the darkest periods in the history of humans. Starting as early as the mid-17th century, the slave trade grew into an extremely lucrative trade for the capitalists in the US and the UK.\nIt was a period marked by the cruelty of the highest level. Africans were dehumanized and subjected to torture, deplorable conditions on the plantations, brutality and were inhumanely exploited.\nSlaves were uprooted from the comforts of the communities into an African land where they were not regarded as human beings but as tools of labor. Life on the plantations was designed to get the maximum output from a slave without giving that same slave an existence worthy of being called sane. When Africans were forced onto the plantations, they had to forget their identity and adopt a new one as provided by the slave master. This was meant to alienate them from their identity so that they would be subservient. Human beings were auctioned off like objects, paying zero attention to the miserable fate that these slaves had been conditioned into.\nLife on the plantations was the ultimate worst one could go through. Olaudah Equiano wrote down what they went through as slaves: “When we arrived in Barbados [in the West Indies] many merchants and planters came on board and examined us. We were then taken to the merchant's yard, where we were all pent up together like sheep in a fold. On a signal, the buyers rushed forward and chose those slaves they liked best.”\nWhen it came to the slave trade, it was a hustle for getting the “best” slaves. The slaves were prepared for sale as if they were farm produce or animals. The disrespect for human dignity was heightened by how these slaves were prepared for the market: They were washed, shaved and sometimes oil was applied to their skins to make them seem “healthy” and “fit”. This would increase the prices of the slaves. Slaves were sold through public auctions and it was a “scramble” to acquire these slaves. The demand for slave labor was astronomical.\nAfricans who had been enslaved were sold through agents and sales involved measuring, grading and invasive physical examination. The sale alone was torturous to the slaves, and worse awaited them when they started their work.\nTo make them loyal to the brutal conditions and to reduce chances of an uprising against the slave owners, names were stripped from those enslaved (replaced by the slave master’s own choices of names) and they were separated from others. They spent about 2-3 years of being compelled to obey orders – it was called seasoning. A slave had two conditions – obey or receive the lash. It was mental alienation that made them passive, docile and subservient. It was torture both physically and mentally.\nLife for the enslaved was an unending, agonizing sequence of hard labor. It was as if they were expected to work non-stop like machines. Work was done 18 hours a day, but the work could even be prolonged in periods like harvest. Weekends and other rest days were a luxury that was denied to the slaves.\nCapitalism had given rise to the fixation on commodities, and the major commodities that slaves excruciatingly toiled for were sugar and coffee. Other commodities such as tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo took center stage. Those exempted from the hard and painful production of these commodities were children under 6 years, the elderly who were incapacitated and some people with disabilities. Jobs were mostly allocated according to gender, age, color, strength, and birthplace.\nAge was mostly a determinant for when one could start working. Men were largely involved in skilled trades and women came to dominate field gangs. Children were made available for any sort of task, provided they were physically able. These included cleaning, water carrying, stone picking and collecting livestock feed. Women also carried out the duties of servants and childminders on top of their work in the fields. Children could be sold to different owners at any time, which made most mothers separated from their children.\nThe slave trade was an unrelenting venture to gain as many profits as possible. This continuous exploitation was hinged on the conduct of the slaves – they were supposed to be loyal all the time. But this was a difficult thing to sustain. Slaves, whenever there was a chance, would cause uprisings for their slave masters. Thus, any slave who was found to be “violence against the plantation owner or destroying property” was put to death. The commonest forms of punishment were beatings and whippings. These laws were bundled under the umbrella term “Black Codes”. Neck collars and leg irons were used for less serious offenses such as insubordination.\nIt only took the moral strength of abolitionists to put an end to the madness that was the slave trade. It was a period of horror in which life on the plantations for the enslaved was torturous. The capitalistic premise of the slave trade has not yet died completely, people continue being enslaved under the dictates of unfair trade, income inequality and other vices bequeathed by the legacies of the slave trade.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Beyond the Fold\nPhotos by Anthony Scoggins, Mingei International Museum\nSatoshi Kamiyas wasp is so technically perfect it almost looks as if it could fly. Two sets of precisely formed wings sprout from a body whose sculptural detail might well suffice for an anatomy class. Delicately jointed legs end in tiny two-toed feet; its ridged abdomen arches in a curve, apparently poised for takeoff. That such a complex form could be folded from a single sheet of paper seems to defy belief. Kamiyas wasp and several equally astonishing beetles are part of the current exhibition of Origami Masterworks at the Mingei International Museum in San Diego, a show that demonstrates how far the ancient art of paper folding has come from its traditional focus on flowers and cranes and cute little boxes.\nAlthough much of the Mingei show is devoted to an elaborate zoo of creatures, including an enormous elephant and a riotous clutch of centipedes, many of the pieces are purely abstract structures inspired not by nature but by the formalisms of geometry. Mathematician Tom Hulls model of five interpenetrating tetrahedrons calls to mind an alchemical symbol. Another, by French folder Vincent Floderer, provocatively titled Boom, consists of a single transparent sheet pleated into an insanely complex landscape of mountainous peaks arranged in a quasi-checkerboard pattern. Issey Miyake meets M.C. Escher. In a separate room at the back of the show are several enigmatic works by computer scientist Jeannine Mosely involving curved surfaces and circular folds, surreal variations on the classic platonic solids. Sharing the same display case is a geometric form known as a gyroscopic egg, a delicate hollow ellipsoid constructed out of origami latticework.\nAll these models, including Kamiyas insects, have been made possible by the marriage of origami and mathematics, a partnership that has given rise to the emerging field of origami sekkei, or technical folding. This new breed of computational origamists are also developing techniques that are taking the art in hitherto-unthinkable directions. In the process they are turning paper folding into a science as much as an art. Their explorations are giving rise to whole new dimensions of origami aesthetics. At the same time, their radical methodologies have application to a slew of scientific and engineering problems from deploying telescopes in space to folding air bags in cars and folding proteins in living cells.\nUntil recently, origami was an ad hoc art. Designers developed new models based purely on their intuitive understanding. But over the past decade, says master origamist Robert Lang, mathematicians and scientists have begun mapping the laws of nature that underlie origami, converting words, concepts and images into mathematical expressions. They are bringing with them insights from such fields as information theory, algebraic geometry and number theory. As Lang points out, many basic issues in origami are actually linked to deep mathematical questions.\nLang, who designed the elephant in the Mingei show, is one of the pioneers of computational origami. Recently retired from a career in laser physics, he now spends most of his time as a professional paper folder. He is the author of a dozen books on the subject, including his recently published magnum opus Origami Design Secrets: Mathematical Methods for an Ancient Art (A.K. Peters, 2003), a vast compendium of ancient and new techniques that explains the principles behind the recent origami revolution.\nLang is also famous in the origami world as the author of a computer program called TreeMaker, which automates the design process and enables the construction of extremely complicated creatures. Lets say you want to fold a scorpion. Traditional origami techniques are not well suited to many-limbed forms, with long, thin appendages posing particularly difficult challenges. With TreeMaker, the user simply inputs a stick-figure diagram of the desired model, and the program calculates the requisite crease pattern. TreeMaker has come up with designs that Lang says are radically different from anything used in traditional origami and may seem counterintuitive. Sometimes, he says, its designs only work when you scour all the creases, then fold the whole model up in unison. In these cases, there are only two stable states, the flat piece of paper and the finished model, nothing in between. That is quite different from traditional origami, where models have necessarily been constructed one fold at a time.\nLang developed TreeMaker because he wanted a tool to help him design elaborate animal models, particularly insects. The rules it applies when calculating crease patterns are based on techniques developed by Lang himself and a number of legendary Japanese folders, including Kamiya and Jun Maekawa. But TreeMaker can also solve more abstract problems. Lang has been hired as a consultant by a team of researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory who are designing space-based telescopes.\nAstronomers searching for extrasolar planets need very large telescopes to catch sufficient light from these extremely faint sources. The Livermore scientists are hoping eventually to build space-based telescopes with lenses up to 100 meters in diameter. Something this large will never fit into the cargo bay of the space shuttle, so the idea is to make lenses that can fold up and be opened out once theyre deployed in orbit. Fortunately, flat film lenses, known as Fresnel lenses, are highly effective they are used in overhead projectors but the challenge is how to fold one up so that creases dont interfere with the optics and spoil the resulting images. Lang used TreeMaker to come up with a viable crease pattern it resembles a gigantic spiders web and the Livermore team is currently constructing a 5-meter prototype of his design.\nOrigami techniques are applicable anytime you have an engineering problem in which something needs to change shape dramatically, Lang says particularly if it needs to start small and then get very big. Tents, deployable shelters and antennas are all potential applications. And the German company EASi Engineering has employed origami techniques to make three-dimensional models of folding patterns for air bags.\nTo make all this work, computational origamists have had to learn a great deal more about the formalities of folding. Tom Hull, a mathematician at Merrimack College in Andover, Massachusetts, and the organizer of an international conference on origami science, notes that when developing new models, one critical problem is How do you assign the paper space? Langs scorpion, for example, has more than a dozen parts, each of which the head, body, claws and so on has to be assigned space on the initial sheet of paper. It turns out that mathematically this is equivalent to the problem of efficiently packing a bunch of circles into a square. That might sound like a trivial question, but Hull points out that mathematicians have no idea how to solve the circle-packing problem for more than about two dozen circles.\nJapanese folders like Kamiya and Maekawa also use circle packing and other mathematical techniques when designing their models, only without the aid of computers. The crease patterns for Kamiyas wasp or Maekawas famous demon are themselves works of art, Hull says admiringly. For me, the crease patterns are almost better than the finished models, for in these intricate geometric designs we witness the raw creative power of mathematics in action. The great American logician Charles Sanders Pierce believed that mathematics was the realm of pure potential anything that could be imagined, Pierce thought, could be expressed in mathematical form. Computational origami seems a slyly playful confirmation of this Piercean view. With the right folding algorithm, a simple flat sheet can be transmuted into a wasp, a demon or a unicorn even a window onto the universe.\nOrigami Masterworks continues through February 8 at the Mingei International Museum, located in Balboa Park, San Diego, (619) 239-0003 or www.mingei.org. You can visit Tom Hulls mathematical-origami Web site.\nGet the Weekly Newsletter\nOur weekly feature stories, movie reviews, calendar picks and more - minus the newsprint and sent directly to your inbox.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This video from the US Coast Guard shows some of the wreckage along the coasts of New York and New Jersey left by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo estimated that damage in his state alone could total $33 billion.\nWhile much of the damage is visible, Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization president Linda Reinstein believes that residents need to keep an unseen danger in mind as well. “People are out there now looking for wedding pictures and clothing to stay warm,” Linda Reinstein told the social networking website Gather.com. “Asbestos is not at the top of their mind.”\nConstruction materials strewn throughout areas include roofing, piping and insulation that may contain asbestos. Asbestos is a known carcinogen, and inhaling the mineral fibers can lead to respiratory issues and serious illnesses. The US Environmental Protection Agency says that almost all cases of mesothelioma are linked to asbestos exposure.\n“As a cancer-causing agent, there is no safe level of exposure,” Dr. Arthur Frank, chairman of the department of environmental and occupational health at Drexel University School of Public Health, told the Huffington Post. “People putting asbestos into buildings died by droves. Putting the stuff in is not very different than taking it out. This is a significant risk.”\nWe have additional information about other products containing asbestos on our website, and you can contact our firm at (800) 687-3333 or complete the form on this page to have our Dallas litigation attorneys review your case if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with mesothelioma.\nStanley Iola, LLP – Dallas litigation lawyers", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Research conducted among pupils in three London schools has shown that male street gang affiliates who engage in angry rumination (i.e. think continuously about provoking or negative events and situations) have the greatest tendency towards displaced aggression against innocent others.\nThis is partly because angry rumination can provide an opportunity for revenge planning and fantasizing, as well as justifying the anger that a person feels, which can make provoked persons feel better. As a result, the desire and motivation for revenge is maintained, prolonged or exacerbated, and ruminating individuals are more likely to be primed with aggressive tendencies.\nThe research, which was conducted by psychologist Dr Eduardo Vasquez and colleagues at the University of Kent, also concluded that angry rumination could be the psychological path that links gang affiliation to displaced aggression. In other words, if rumination did not occur, displaced aggression might be reduced in gang affiliates. Furthermore, their study showed that rumination is an important predictor of displaced aggression above and beyond other personality characteristics such as trait aggression, anger, hostility, and irritability.\nDr Vasquez, an expert on aggressive behavior and inter-gang violence, explained that ruminating about provoking incidents 'can prime individuals for aggressive responding and facilitates not only direct retaliation against a provocateur, but also displaced aggression toward innocent targets. This is because aggressive priming makes individuals perceive more hostility from others and increases the motivation to lash out, especially if they encounter a safe target, such as a sibling or romantic partner, who might not retaliate in a severe manner.\n'Therefore, gang-affiliated youth may be at an increased risk of engaging in displaced aggression as they are more likely to encounter provoking situations and spend more time thinking about aggression-related ideas, such as revenge and getting even.'\nDr Vasquez, who lectures in forensic psychology at the University's School of Psychology, also explained that the team's findings suggest that gang affiliated youth might not aggress simply as a function of highly aggressive personalities. 'Rather, they may be part of a population that is more likely to experience situations that produce a wide range of aggressive behaviors,' he said. 'For instance, their tendency to experience aversive events and to ruminate increases the likelihood that gang-affiliated youth will aggress, even in the absence of proper subsequent justification.'\nThis research by Dr Vasquez and colleagues is important in that it has also revealed that one promising route for reducing aggression and violence within male street gang affiliates involves developing interventions that focus on decreasing rumination. This may include 'distraction techniques' such as exercise or sporting activity and listening to music. Other types of activities that might prove useful against ruminating include meditation and relaxation techniques, hobbies or reading. 'Such distractions,' he said, 'regulate negative affect by keeping negative thought from being readily accessible and/or by drawing the focus of attention away from negative moods.'\nCite This Page:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Thank you for viewing this resource. This colourful clothespin game was designed for French Second Language students to practice vowel sounds in an engaging and meaningful way. Students must simply look at the image, say the word represented by the image and attach a clothespin to the missing vowel sound. This activity can be used in learning centres or as a whole group pocket chart activity. Enjoy!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Victory day of Bangladesh\nVictory Day Parade, 2012. National Parade ground, Dhaka, Bangladesh.\n|Official name||Bengali: বিজয় দিবস (Bijôy Dibôs)|\n|Also called||Vijay Diwas (India)|\n|Celebrations||Flag hoisting, Parades, singing patriotic songs and the National anthem, Speeches by the President and Prime minister, entertainment and cultural programs.|\n|Next time||16 December 2014|\nVictory day (Bengali: বিজয় দিবস Bijôy Dibôs) is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated on December 16 to commemorate the victory of the Allied forces High Command over the Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The Commanding officer of the Pakistani Forces General AAK Niazi surrendered his forces to the Allied forces commander Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora, which marked ending the 9 month-long1 Bangladesh Liberation War and 1971 Bangladesh genocide and officially secession of East Pakistan into Bangladesh.\nThe 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War (Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was a war of independence,2 which resulted in the secession of East Pakistan from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan3 and established the sovereign nation of Bangladesh. The war pitted East Pakistan and India against West Pakistan, and lasted over a duration of nine months. One of the most violent wars of the 20th century, it witnessed large-scale atrocities, the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people.4\nOn 16 December 1971, Lieutenant General Amir Khan Niazi, CO of Pakistan Armed Forces located in East Pakistan signed the Instrument of Surrender. The Instrument of Surrender was a written agreement that enabled the surrender of the Pakistan Eastern Command in the Bangladesh Liberation War, and marked the end of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the Eastern Theater.\nThe surrender took place at the Ramna Race Course in Dacca on December 16, 1971. Lieutenant General Amir Khan Niazi and Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Joint Commander of Indian and Bangladesh Forces, signed the instrument amid thousands of cheering crowds at the race course. Air Commodore A. K. Khandker, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Bangladesh Armed Forces, and Lieutenant General J F R Jacob of the Indian Eastern Command, acted as witnesses to the surrender. Also present were Vice-Admiral Mohammad Shariff, commander of the Pakistani Naval Eastern Command and Air Vice-Marshal Patrick D. Callaghan of the Pakistan Air Force's Eastern Air Force Command, who signed the agreement. On behalf of Bangladesh, Air Commodore A. K. Khandker acted as witness to the surrender. Lieutenant General Jacob Rafael Jacob, Chief of Staff of the Indian Eastern Command, along with the other commanders of Indian naval and air forces, acted as witnesses on behalf of India. Aurora accepted the surrender without a word, while the crowd on the race course started shouting anti-Niazi and anti-Pakistan slogans.5\nThe Surrender of Pakistan Armed Forces marked the end of the Bangladesh Liberation War and the creation of Bangla Desh (later reduced to a single word). Most United Nations member nations were quick to recognise Bangladesh within months of its independence.6\nThe celebration of Victory Day has taken place since 1972. The Bangladesh Liberation War became a topic of great importance in cinema, literature, history lessons at school, the mass media, and the arts in Bangladesh. The ritual of the celebration gradually obtained a distinctive character with a number of similar elements: Military Parade by Bangladesh Armed Forces at the National Parade Ground, ceremonial meetings, speeches, lectures, receptions and fireworks. Victory Day in Bangladesh is a joyous celebration in which popular culture plays a great role. TV and radio stations broadcast special programs and patriotic songs. The main streets are decorated with national flags. Different political parties and socioeconomic organizations undertake programs to mark the day in a befitting manner, including the paying of respects at Jatiyo Smriti Soudho, the national memorial at Savar near Dhaka.\nIndia also commemorates victory over Pakistan on the same day in 1971 on Vijay Diwas.\n- 1971: State Bank of Pakistan became Bangladesh Bank .7\n- 1972: The constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was enacted on 16 December.8\n- 1973: Gallantry awards of war were declared by Bangladesh Gazzett on 15 December.\n- 1996: Silver jubilee of victory was celebrated.\n- 2007: The remains of Bir Sreshtho Matiur Rahman were brought back to Bangladesh on 10 December.\n- 2013: New world record of the largest human flag was set when 27,117 volunteers gathered at the National Parade Ground holding red and green blocks to form the national flag of Bangladesh.910\n- Vijay Diwas (India)\n- Bangladesh Liberation War\n- Victory Day in other countries\n- Instrument of Surrender (1971)\n- Independence Day\n- Library of Congress\n- Islamic Republic of Pakistan - The 1962 Constitution. Retrieved on 09 March, 2013.\n- en, Samuel; Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs. Dictionary of Genocide: A-L. Volume 1: Greenwood. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-313-32967-8.\n- Of betrayal and bungling by Kuldip Nayar (Google cache link) - Indian Express 3 February 1998\n- \"The Recognition Story\". Bangladesh Strategic and Development Forum. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-17.\n- Bangladesh Bank-BANGLAPEDIA\n- \"Bangladesh Faces Same Problems\". Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA: Herald-Journal, via Google News. Associated Press.\n- \"B’desh hits Guinness Book record with forming largest human national flag\". The Independent (Bangladesh). Retrieved December 16, 2013.\n- \"Bangladeshis form world’s largest human flag\". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). Retrieved December 16, 2013.\nContent from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia\nWhat Is This Site? The Ultimate Study Guide is a mirror of English Wikipedia. It exists in order to provide Wikipedia content to those who are unable to access the main Wikipedia site due to draconian government, employer, or school restrictions. The site displays all the text content from Wikipedia. Our sponsors generously cover part of the cost of hosting this site, and their ads are shown as part of this agreement. We regret that we are unable to display certain controversial images on some pages the site at the request of the sponsors. If you need to see images which we are unable to show, we encourage you to view Wikipedia directly if possible, and apologize for this inconvenience.\nA product of XPR Content Systems. 47 Union St #9K, Grand Falls-Windsor NL A2A 2C9 CANADA", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Why are the planets where they are instead of somewhere else?\nThe relatively small Earth, with its sizable moon, is the only planet we know of with life on it. Coincidence?\nWhere did the nine planets that orbit our sun come from?\nNowadays everybody knows there are nine planets in our solar system, but that information was hard won.\nOn last count, there were nine planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Soon, however, we might need to add a tenth planet to the solar lineup. Learn more on this Moment of Science.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With the recent controversy over Megyn Kelley’s remarks in which she questioned why wearing blackface on Halloween was offensive, “Sunday Morning” contributor and WCBS anchor Maurice DuBois looks at the long and complex history of white (and even black) performers painting their faces black. For more than 100 years, minstrel shows were a popular form of entertainment on stage and film, reducing an entire race of people to stereotypes. DuBois speaks with Pulitzer Prize-winning critic Margo Jefferson, and with Eric Lott, cultural historian and professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, about the complicated history of a racist theatrical form.\nYou might also like\nSinger Katy Perry is coming under fire for a shoe design that some say evokes blackface. Perry is the latest designer to [...]\nAccording to Reuters, a New Jersey referee has been suspended for forcing a black high school wrestler to have his hair [...]\nHaiti and the Dominican Republic share a border, and an island. But the two countries are very different today: the [...]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Insects on land have to deal with water, particularly when it rains. After seeing how deadly the surface tension of water is to insects, with the pond skater and water boatman living almost entirely on flying insects that get stuck at the surface of the pond, it might seem surprising that any insects can survive in the rain. Many insects hide at the first sign of rain, but some of the larger insects do not. They can do this because they are large enough to stay flying if hit by a single raindrop. Usually their surfaces are superhydrophobic so they do not retain water and become heavy. A recent study of butterflies shows that the scale structures (see the picture in the top right) that create their colours (click here for a New Scientist article) also generate superhydrophobicity and directional shedding of water (click here for more details). Removing the scales, by damage or mutation, reduces the lifespan of the insects. More about the principles of directional water shedding can be found here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "USDA, NRCS. 2018. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 28 March 2018). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.\nIllustration courtesy of University of Florida/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants. Used with permission.\nWhat is Purple Loosestrife?\n- No leaf stalk\n- Rounded or heart-shaped at base\n- Paired or whorled around stems\n- Pink-purple colored\n- 4-10 feet tall\nWhere Does it Grow?\nPurple loosestrife can be found in meadows, prairies, marshes, ditches, and around ponds and lakes.\nIs it Invasive?\nPurple loosestrife is non-native to North America. It is an aggressive invader that out-competes the native vegetation for vital resources.\nThis is a non-native plant that should not be grown as it is invasive and illegal to possess or transport this species in Texas. Please report sightings to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at (512) 389-4800.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Consider The Columbian Orator, a copy of which Douglass describes as crucial to his own literacy. Also, here are other examples of 19th century schoolbooks. What do these texts suggest about the historical context around Douglass and other slaves? How might the language of The Columbian Orator have influenced Douglass? What would Greenblatt say about it?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Copyright © University of Cambridge. All rights reserved.\n'Exploring Wild & Wonderful Number Patterns' printed from http://nrich.maths.org/\nA group from St. Lukes School in Cambridge had a go. They were Saul, Tom, Kain, Emma, Stephanie, Sara, Sophie, Jennifer and Mariko, and here are some of their results, also showing the Digital Roots alongside.\nSaul did this using 6 - 3 x 8;\nand he noticed that the units went 6,4,8,0, and the DigitalRoots were 6\nEmma did 2, firstly 9 x 3 + 1, then 10 x 2 - 3;\nand noticed the repeats in the units columns.\nJennifer did this by using 6 x 4 - 4;\nshe noticed th 6,0, repeating in the units\nSophie did this using 4 x 3 + 8;\nshe noticed the DigitalRoots settled into all 5's, and there's a units pattern.\nMariko used 9 x 3 + 9;\nShe noticed that the units goes 9,6,7,0, also that all the numbers were divisible by the starting number, she noticed that all the numbers are divisible by 3, she thought that this is because 3 is divisble into 9 and 9 is a factor of all the numbers.\nTom explored 4 x 9 - 13\nSara looked at 3 x 5 - 2\nshe noted the units being 3's and the tens going 1,6, the hundreds going 3,5,8,0. I know that this is unusual so I looked at the thousands going further as 1,7,9,5,6,2,4,0 and repeats.\nStephanie used 4 x 7 - 10\nshe noticed that the units doubled from 4 to 8 to 6 to 2 then go back to 4\nThank you St. Lukes for this really good work, well done and keep on with your work sending in your solutions to the live problems.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lesson, with information about rodeo: printable pdf\n- large brown paper bag\n- cardboard wrapping tube\n- string or yarn\n- Draw a simple horse head on one side of a large brown paper bag, or use the pattern provided in the lesson linked above.\n- Cut through both sides of the paper bag.\n- Decorate each side of the horse head with an eye, a nostril and a mouth.\n- Cut an additional strip of the paper bag, and fringe it to look like the horse's maine.\n- Staple the two sides of the head together, with the mane, and stuff it with tissue.\n- Tape the head on a cardboard wrapping paper tube.\n- Punch a hole under the mouth to add a string for the reins.\n|large brown paper bag\n- Cut the bag up the middle.\n- Make arm holes so students can slip it on like a coat.\n- Cut fringe on the bottom and decorate.\n- Decide how wide you want the chaps by measuring across the front only of the child's waist.\n- Cut partially down the middle to make the pant legs.\n- Punch holes at either side of the waist and at either side of each leg just below the knees.\n- Tie a piece of yarn to each hole.\n- Tie the chaps around the child's waist, and tie each leg of the chaps around the legs.\nBack to Food and Fun\nOklahoma Ag in the Classroom\nOklahoma Ag in the Classroom is a program\nof the Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma Department of\nAgriculture, Food and Forestry and the Oklahoma State Department of Education", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Also available as a PDF file.\nRecent gas shortages may have made politicians focus on energy security once more, but the deeper systemic problems of Britain's energy economy go far deeper than the limited capacity of our gas importation system. Energy represents far more to the economy than just a fuel source; understanding the biophysical limits2 on our future use of energy, and how this affects the general economy, is essential if we are to create a strategic vision that can address the ecological crises of the Twenty-First Century.\nBritain has a serious problem with its energy supply. After examining this issue for a few years now I perceive that the greatest difficulty we face is not that we lack energy resources (arguably we do), or that we are becoming precariously dependent upon imported energy (which we are), or that our large demand for energy makes reforming our economy extremely difficult (as evidently it does); the most significant problem is that the political and business community cannot accept that natural systems impose physical limits upon human society.\nWe may be told that our present problems can be solved through measures such as 'green growth', 'low carbon energy' or 'carbon markets', but such a view ignores the growing body of evidence concerning the relationship between the way the economic system operates and the physical nature of energy and material resources that the economy relies upon. What these limits imply is that voluntarily by consensus, or involuntarily by the circumstance of shortages and the economic crises this precipitates, we will have to do something that no one within the energy debate seems to be prepared to advocate clearly we will have to accept \"having less\".\nThere has been much debate in the last few years about \"peak oil theory\"3, but in Britain we cannot talk in terms of a \"theory\" as our own energy production has demonstrably peaked4 (see the graph below); Britain's oil production peaked in 1999, our natural gas production in 2003, and coal production peaked around 1925. The loss of this production means that the Government is losing billions of pounds each year in tax and production royalties, and simultaneously the economy is also being stretched by the growing cost of importing fuel to replace the lost production. As a result our economy is now experiencing, in microcosm, the effects that a peak in world-wide energy production might have on the global economy over the next two or three decades.\nIf we look at how Britain's energy economy has changed over the last two centuries we can see an interesting trend emerging one that demonstrates the evidence for a link between energy sources and the well-being of the general economy. Throughout its history, up to the Second World War, Britain was largely self-sufficient in energy. Then from the 1950s, on the back of the post-war consumer boom, this historic trend ended as imported oil gained a wider role in the economy and indigenous coal production declined. By the 1970s, when we imported about 50% of our energy needs, the imbalances in the national economy caused a whole range of economic problems; essentially because Britain was trying to spend more than it could create through its national income. What resolved this crisis, from around 1979/1980, was increasing energy production from the North Sea (not simply, as is often stated, the economic realignment of the Thatcher era). Once again Britain became a net energy exporter, and once again the strength of the national economy improved.\nWith the peak of North Sea oil and gas production, and with our demand for coal now largely met by imports, energy demand is once again becoming a drag upon the national economy. As the proportion of indigenous energy in the economy diminishes and the costs of energy rise, so our general economic well-being begins to decline too. What's important is not so much the balance of energy imports and production itself, but rather the costs that this balance imposes upon the economy as a whole. The operation of the modern economy is predicated upon cheap and plentiful energy supplies5, and so the role of energy sources within economic well-being is critical. For example, recent research on the causes of the credit crunch6 argues that it was high energy prices that initiated the crash, not sub-prime mortgages.\nLess than a decade after being a net energy exporter, today we import about 30% of our energy supply. This means that, from producing a trade surplus of around £7 billion in 2000, in 2008 our use of energy created a deficit of £8 billion. The Government's own forecasts7 predict that we could be importing up to 60% of our energy needs by 2020. As a result our dependence upon imported energy is not just an issue of \"energy security\", these trends are redefining the basis on which the economy operates; and unless we act to change it the economic difficulties of the 1970s are likely to return over the course of this decade.\nWhat can be done to avoid this outcome? This again raises questions about how mainstream economists value different strategies, and only attach positive values to those strategies that can produce economic growth a fact conspicuously demonstrated within the Government's official definition of \"sustainable development\"8, which includes the criteria of the \"maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment\". Research suggests9 that up to half the value of economic growth is the direct result of adding additional energy to the economy, and a further fifth is the result of improving energy efficiency. For this reason changing the dynamics of our energy supply, through falling production and/or higher prices, invalidates many of the economic norms of the past few decades.\nIn biophysical terms energy sources such as fossil fuels or renewable energy (and even food) have a value which they create through their production, and thus a financial and energetic return10 that can be recycled back into the economy. To complicate matters this value is based upon the factors intrinsic to their production, and so the only way to compare one resource with another is to use a value that represents its life-cycle11 operation, not simply its capacity for production or profit. For example, in general renewable energy does not perform in the same way as fossil fuels because its returns are lower, primarily because the thermodynamic quality12 of the energy sources involved are lower, and so fossil fuels have traditionally had an advantage over renewable energy sources.\nThe other principle option to manage resources more wisely, improving the efficiency of use, is limited by the fact that it is not an open ended process; each improvement represents a one-time saving, and improving efficiency levels further requires that we invest in new technologies once more. This is because the thermodynamics of efficiency dictate that each new generation of technology must, on average, save less than the previous generation, and so ultimately efficiency measures represent a diminishing return eventually you will have to put more into the system to reduce consumption (e.g., by making new gadgets) than it will save overall. In any case, if we look at the trends of the last century or so, the value of economic growth has in most years exceeded the value of improving efficiency. That's because efficiency improvements create a confounding economic feedback cost reductions in one part of the economy will spur consumption elsewhere. As a result most efficiency measures will usually only dampen, rather than reduce, the overall level of consumption13.\nIf the emission of greenhouse gases were the only problem with our energy system today then we might be able to do something to address the problem. The unfortunate reality is that there are an inter-related group of difficulties (principally food production, water resources, energy/mineral depletion, population and climate change) that are systemically linked to the accelerating growth in human activity within a finite ecological system. Whether it is the ability of the environment to mop up carbon, or of the Earth's crust to provide the energy and material resources required to continue the industrialisation of human society, human development over this coming century is going to be constrained by these ecological limitations. This is not a new concern; it was highlighted back in 1972 by the Club of Rome's Limits to Growth14 study, and by The Ecologist in its Blueprint for Survival15. The difference today is that the limitations on our future development are even more stark, and thus the outcome of present patterns of economic activity are seemingly more intractable; as confirmed in the recent re-evaluation16 of the Limits to Growth (or LtG) model by the Australia's scientific research agency, CSIRO17, which concluded\nIn Britain we will have to reduce our economic activity or \"have less\" to solve our present economic difficulties; Britain is in ecological and economic \"overshoot\", and we're going to have to take action to resolve the problem before we just run out of energy, money, or both. The realistic way to reduce our impact on the environment, and manage the decline in resources, is to reduce economic growth also called \"de-growth\" 18; perhaps not directly, but because those strategies which make a significant difference to the level of energy and resource use will often lead to a reduction in economic activity. For example, the best way to reduce consumption is not to make things \"more efficient\" in their operation, it is to make them last many times longer by manufacturing them to higher standard consequently less are sold, and as a result the standard index of growth, GDP19, will fall; likewise, as most of the energy and resources used by modern gadgets is expended in their production 20, the best way to cut energy and resource use is not to simply recycle the waste products but to adopt measures that mandate the repair and reuse of goods the result over time being lower economic activity and negative growth.\nBritain's leading role in the industrialisation of human society was the result of our easily accessible indigenous coal and metal ore deposits, not just our technical acumen. The development of Britain as the \"workshop of the world\" in the Victorian era, and our role as the \"Saudi Arabia of coal\" in the early Twentieth Century, were built upon both this strong resource base and our imperial markets. If we used these resources to become the first nation to industrialise then it follows that we are likely to be one of the first to experience a decline in production too. If we can abandon the delusional notion that human society is not subject to ecological limits, then perhaps we can develop plans for the future that reduce our demands to within the Earth's natural capacity to provide for them hopefully to avoid the worst aspects of the ecological crises predicted since the 1970s. Britain \"made\" the Industrial Revolution, and as a result of our present predicament we have the potential to solve the crises that will arise over the next few years by spurring a new \"Ecological Revolution\" one that addresses these past excesses through redefining markets and economic theory within ecological and biophysical limits.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This 90- km long peninsula offers diversity like few other. Friendly towns and villages, spectacular mountains, sea birds in close view, beaches of sand and souring ocean. Many hiking trails for all kind of hikers.\nThe Snaefellsjokull National Park is at the westernmost part of the peninsula, including the mystical glacier Snaefellsjokull, as well as other unique sites such as Djupalonssandur, Thufubjarg and more.\nIn 2008, the communities of Snaefellsnes Peninsula were the first in Europe to receive certification from Green Globe, an international benchmarking system for sustainable travel and tourism.\nSnæfellsjökull National Park was established on June 28th, 2001.The Park’s purpose is to protect and conserve the area’s unique landscape, indigenous plants and animal life as well as the important historical relics. At the same time, the Park is meant to allow visitors easier access as well as an improved opportunities to get to know the area. National parks are amongst Iceland’s finest assets and everyone is free to explore them.The Snæfellsjökull glacier lies within the national park, and the park is the only Icelandic national park that stretches to the sea. The geology of Snæfellsnes national park is diverse with formations from almost every era of Iceland’s past. The more prominent formations in and around the National Park mainly date from geologically “modern” times back to the last ice age. The hills to the north of the glacier, around Bárðarkista, are of volcanic palagonite tuff, formed during eruptions under the glacier or below the surface of the sea. Svalþúfa is most likely the eastern section of a crater that erupted under the sea, while Lóndrangar is a volcanic plug", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Catholic education experts are hailing The Cardinal Newman Society’s new Catholic Curriculum Standards as a “splendid” and “invaluable” new resource to help Catholic schools focus on their mission.\nWith the help of leading Catholic scholars like Jesuit Father Robert Spitzer, Anthony Esolen and Joseph Pearce, the Newman Society’s Dr. Denise Donohue and Dr. Dan Guernsey have produced a new tool to help families and teachers regain their focus on what matters most in Catholic education.\nAmid growing discontent with the Common Core State Standards, these truly Catholic standards go to the heart of what students should be learning in a faithfully Catholic education from kindergarten through high school.\nThe standards cover English language arts, math, science and history, and they complement the U.S. bishops’ and diocesan standards for religious instruction. Each academic discipline’s standards are broadly grouped into two grade levels, K-6 and 7-12. They express outcomes according to which learning should be measured, with the goal of leading educators to assign or develop materials and choose subject matter that truly serve the mission of Catholic education.\nPraise from Educators\nA couple of dioceses are already working with the standards, which have received strong approval.\n“Since, in every school, the curriculum carries the mission, these Catholic Curricular Standards are an invaluable contribution to Catholic schools everywhere,” said Fr. John Belmonte, S.J., superintendent of Catholic schools in the Diocese of Joliet and a national expert in Catholic school administration.\n“Catholic schools have benefited from the standards-based reform movement in education with one notable exception: the absence of rigorous standards rooted and grounded in our Catholic tradition,” said Fr. Belmonte. “Implementation of the Catholic Curricular Standards will provide a renewed sense of mission for our Catholic schools operating within the increasingly secularized world of education today.”\n“A splendid achievement,” said Dr. Ryan Topping, author of The Case for Catholic Education and a fellow at Thomas More College of Liberal Arts in Merrimack, New Hampshire. “Amidst widespread confusion about the nature and aims of the curriculum, these K-12 standards off educators structured guidance on how to deliver a robust Catholic intellectual formation.”\nDr. Sandra Stotsky, developer of the highly respected Massachusetts Academic Standards, said the Catholic Curriculum Standards “reflect more than the uniqueness of their intellectual tradition. They also provide the academic rigor missing in most public school English language arts curricula.”\nFor parents and educators seeking more practical assistance, the Catholic Curriculum Standards are accompanied by lists of recommended resources and even suggested literature for Catholic students at different grade levels.\nThe Cardinal Newman Society developed the standards with adaptability in mind. Educators are invited to amend and fit them into their own standards and curriculum guides to focus on the complete formation of students in the rich, Catholic intellectual heritage. We also anticipate developing practical tools to help educators work toward the standards in their classrooms.\nServing a Need\nToday, many parents rightfully ask why Catholic schools often appear similar to public schools. Beyond religion class, the textbooks, reading assignments and even discussions of sensitive topics can seem very secular in many Catholic schools.\nHave you ever wondered if there is a Catholic approach to teaching science? If you attended Catholic school decades ago, you’d have no doubt that there is such a thing. But today, many parents and students lack appreciation for what is special about a faithful Catholic education.\nOn topics like creation, nature, reproduction, behavior, scientific method, environment and technology, does Catholic education have something more important to teach than facts and figures?\nWhat about literature? Good Catholic educators reject the Common Core’s emphasis on technical reading, preferring to instead focus on great literature — the epic tales, classical plays, poetry, biographies, persuasive essays and more that spark wonder, imagination and reasoning in young minds. Such literature prepares them to transform culture and renew it in the light of Christ.\nAnd history! Too long has textbook history been dominated by Protestant distortions and emphases. A true grounding in history couldn’t be more important for young Catholics today: Christianity’s role in Western civilization, the rise of Islam, the glories of the Middle Ages, America’s founding principles and so much more.\nThe sad truth, however, is that many Catholic schools have looked to public school standards as measures of success in education. The defective Common Core and other government standards are secular and oriented to college and career. If Catholic educators measure success by these standards, they lose sight of their mission to evangelize and form young people in mind, body and spirit.\nThe Cardinal Newman Society anchored its Catholic Curriculum Standards on principles of Catholic identity in education:\n- Involves the integral formation of the whole person—body, mind and spirit—in light of the individual’s ultimate end and the good of society.\n- Seeks to know and understand objective reality, including transcendent Truth, which is knowable by reason and faith and finds its origin, unity and end in God.\n- Promotes human virtues and the dignity of the human person, as created in the image and likeness of God and modeled on the person of Jesus Christ.\n- Encourages a synthesis of faith, life and culture.\n- Develops a Catholic worldview and enables a deeper incorporation of the student into the heart of the Catholic Church.\nThese elements of Catholic education are quite different from the philosophy and objectives that drive secular education. As Drs. Guernsey and Donohue explain in their introduction to the standards:\nThe mission and goals of Catholic education are significantly different from the college and career goals that guide public schools. Because the mission of a school should guide its choice of standards, the unique and broader mission of Catholic education requires additional, and foundational, standards that include specific Catholic modes of intellectual reasoning as well as accompanying dispositions.\nWhile Catholic education has many similarities to secular education, “Catholic education is uniquely positioned to offer guidance on issues of values and morality as well as to provide life-giving and definitive answers related to questions of human purpose, human dignity, and human flourishing.”\nDesigned for Change\nIt is our own mission at The Cardinal Newman Society to help restore excitement among educators and Catholic families about the great value of faithful Catholic education. This requires agreement about what makes Catholic learning unique and … well, “Catholic.”\nWe believe that our new Catholic Curriculum Standards can be pivotal in the renewal of Catholic elementary and secondary education. Diocesan school leaders, independent educators and homeschoolers alike can make use of them — and even modify and improve them — to ensure an emphasis on student formation that is largely missing from modern evaluations of school success.\nOf course, ours is not the only effort toward improved Catholic education. Many dioceses have done important work toward refocusing classroom instruction, and our standards rely heavily on the conceptual work of many experts in Catholic education.\nBut that’s precisely why we believe that our Catholic Curriculum Standards will have such a tremendous impact. We worked with more than a dozen leading Catholic scholars to develop the standards, and we even had the great honor of working with Dr. Stotsky. Several Catholic school leaders also provided valuable input.\nThe standards were composed using research from Church documents, the educational philosophies of Newman Guide colleges, and many books and articles on Catholic education, liberal arts education and classical education.\nThe time is ripe for the Catholic Curriculum Standards. Thanks in part to the Newman Society’s steady drumbeat for 23 years, calling for renewed attention to Catholic identity — but even more because of the leadership of Saint Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict in urging reforms, and the quiet work of many bishops and school leaders — we find much eagerness among Catholic families and educators for serious improvement.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hepatitis b vaccination status and associated knowledge and attitudes among youths aged 15 -30 years in Wandegeya Kampala, Uganda\nMetadataShow full item record\nBackground Hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease is a leading course of mortality and morbidity globally, it’s a life-threatening endemic viral infection spread through contact with blood or other body fluids of infected persons. In developing countries including Uganda, HBV burden has steadily increased despite efforts on mitigating it. Early Vaccination is therefore essential among the sexually active age groups to mitigate adverse outcomes later. Study Objective To determine the proportion of youths who have been vaccinated against Hepatitis B and to assess the knowledge and attitudes associated with Hepatitis B vaccination among youths so as to design strategies that can improve the youth’s uptake of Hepatitis B services. Methods A cross-sectional study design using quantitative data was used. Structured questionnaires were addressed to 117 youths aged 15 to 30 years to collect data on Hepatitis B vaccination status, their knowledge, and perceptions. Analysis was performed using Stata 14 statistical software. Results A total of 117 participated in the study. Most respondents 82 (70.1%) had heard about Hepatitis B. Among those that indicated knowing Hepatitis B, only 13 (11.1%) said they knew the disease was curable, and 57 (48.7%) knew that it was a viral infection. Most respondents (81%) had a positive attitude towards Hepatitis B vaccination. Only 35.0% of the respondents had been vaccinated from Hepatitis B of which 88% were vaccinated following prompts by their parents. Conclusions This study indicates that a small proportion of the youths have received Hepatitis B vaccination and the limited knowledge on Hepatitis B may play a huge role in determining the attitude and as well as uptake to Hepatitis B vaccination. The important role that should be carried on is increasing the knowledge base of the youths on Hepatitis B and increase the vaccination outlets.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A PICC line provides the best concerning venous access. Similar to a standard IV, it is inserted in the arm, and usually in the upper arm under the benefits of ultrasound visualization. Also, PICCs differ from peripheral IV access but similar to central lines in that a PICCs termination point is centrally located in the body allowing for treatment that could not be obtained from standard periphery IV access. In addition, PICC insertions are less invasive, have decreased complication risk associated with them, and remain for a much longer duration than other central or periphery access devices (Info/Q&A:PICC line nursing).\nPICCs are frequently used to obtain central venous access for patients in acute care, home care and skilled nursing care. Since complication risks are less with PICC lines, it is preferred over other forms of central venous catheters. A PICC is not appropriate for all patients. Proper selection to determine the appropriateness of this device is required (Info/Q&A:PICC line nursing).\nLong-term central venous access is essential for managing patients with cancer, certain congenital malformations, gastrointestinal malfunction, as well as for those who need long-term access to medications or blood products. Peripherally inserted central catheters address all of these issues. They are considered a safe and effective alternative to other conventional and central venous access devices, are less invasive providing long term access with decreased risks (Info/Q&A:PICC line nursing).\nThe peripherally inserted central catheter has been an established technology in home intravenous therapies and its use has been increasing in hospital and home-health settings. PICCs adequately and safely meet the needs of patients who require short to long term therapy in many clinical settings.\nThe various advantages of peripherally inserted central catheters are: long term venous access; low risk for infection; decreased skin puncture for blood sampling; early patient discharge; versatility (Info/Q&A:PICC line nursing).\nSome of the complications associated with PICC lines include: air embolism; infection; phlebitis; catheter malposition; thrombus formation; difficult removal; nerve injury or irritation; nerve injury or irritation; leakage; catheter breakage (Info/Q&A:PICC line nursing).\nThe range of clinical presentations in patients receiving a CVC is broad. They may be hypovolemic or in shock with severely vasoconstricted peripheral sites. They may be an oncology patient or may have bacteremia and require continuous intravenous (IV) access for prolonged periods, thereby requiring an accessible IV site. Patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) or catheter-related infections may have redness, exudate, swelling, or increased pain at the insertion site. They may only have an elevated temperature or abnormal vital signs if immunocompromised (Putigna).\nContraindications for inserting a central venous catheter include an infection or burn over the desired insertion site, a known venous thrombosis of the vessel, an uncorrected coagulopathy, an obstruction of the vein by a tumor or mass, an abnormal vessels, an ability to achieve the same objectives with a peripheral line, and a lack of consent in a nonemergency setting. A relative contraindication is bacterial septicemia because cultures are generally recommended to be sterile for 36-48 hours prior to CVC insertion (Putigna).\nInfo/Q&A:PICC line nursing. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2008, from PICC Line Nursing: http://picclinenursing.com/picc_why.html\nPutigna, F. (n.d.). Central Venous Access: Emedicine. Retrieved November 11, 2008, from Emedicine: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3052.htm\nCopyright 2019 - Education WordPress Theme.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Arctic soldiers training with reindeer\nThe training was conducted in Lovozero on the Kola Peninsula, in the heartland of the Sami population in Russia. The participants came from the Arctic Brigade’s reconnaissance company.\nIn temperatures down to -30°C the soldiers learned how to handle dog sleds and reindeer sleds and how they can be used tactically in raids. Reindeer herders and dog mushers told the soldiers about how to keep the animals and what their skills are, the Ministry of Defense’s website reads.\nDuring World War II the Red Army established several reindeer battalions in the Arctic. Reindeer were used for transportation of equipment, evacuation of wounded, getting scouts behind the enemy lines, and even evacuation of wrecked aircraft and their crews.\nMen from the indigenous people of Sami, Nenets and Komi were mobilized in the battalions together with more than 10.000 reindeer.\nWatch video from the Arctic Brigade’s training on TV Zvezda.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "WASHINGTON, D.C. - School social workers play a critical role in schools. They\nserve as the liaison between school, home, and the community. The underlying\npremise of school social work services is based in strengthening students’\nacademic progress by removing\nbarriers to learning including meeting their basic physical and emotional needs.\nAny form of school violence, including\nthe mass shootings at schools around the country such as the recent incidents Florida\nand Maryland, prohibit students’ sense of safety and their learning. School\nsocial workers work to prevent mass killing in schools as well as guide\nschools in recovery after a crisis has occurred. Today more than ever,\nthere is a growing need for school social workers to help prevent school\nviolence and to support students in moments of crisis.\nschool social work positions across the country have been eliminated or\nreplaced by other professions. Due to extensive financial deficits and constraints, as well as competing priorities, local\neducation agencies are often unable to hire enough school social workers to\nadequately meet the needs of the student population. In many instances, school\nsocial work services are eliminated altogether.\nworkers work in preventing school violence. They are trained to understand risk factors and warning signs\nof violent behaviors. They\nare knowledgeable in\nclassroom management and behavior intervention and can assist teachers and school personnel in identifying concerning\nbehaviors of students and developing\nsupportive intervention plans. They are experts\nin research-based school discipline policy development that can increase school\nconnectedness and decrease incidents of school violence.\nworkers work to provide support after a crisis. They are extensively trained to\nmanage and deal with crisis and are equipped\nto assist school administrators and teachers.\nsocial workers are experienced in delivering difficult and sensitive\ninformation and can assist in developing messages that are age-appropriate and\nculturally sensitive. In addition, they\ncan lead the development of strategic plans that prepare other school personnel\nto respond adequately during the times of\nchaos and crisis.\nworkers can link students and their families to community resources. They are\nwell-informed regarding relevant resources in\nthe community and online and can aid in connecting students and families to the\nappropriate resources during times of crisis.\nThe National Association of Social Workers (NASW) advocates for ratios in its latest revision of the NASW Standards for School Social Work Services that reflect the need for an increase in social\nwork positions across the nation in all schools:\nSchool social work services should be provided at a ratio of one school social worker to each school building serving up to 250 general education students, or a ratio of 1:250 students. When a social\nworker is providing services to students with intensive\nneeds, a lower ratio, such as 1:50, is suggested (NASW, 2012).\nViolence in schools has increased dramatically over the\npast decades and is seen by many as a public health issue. School social\nworkers aid in the prevention of school violence and provide much needed\nservices and support after a crisis has occurred. NASW strongly urges the\nfunding for an increase of school social workers in schools across the country\nto adequately meet the needs of students and decrease school violence.\nNASW is in partnerships with coalitions that\nare working to support school social work positions. We urge our members and\nthe larger social work community to contact their elected officials to advocate\nfor school social work positions in schools. For more information contact NASW\nSenior Practice Associate Sharon Dietsche, LCSW-C, LICSW, at", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Anton was the ancestral village of three of our Intermountain chapter members: Dee Hert, Darrell Weber, and Sharon White. Sharon’s ancestor, Michael Johann, was the first mayor of Anton.\nAnton was founded on 7 September 1764 by the government. The population in 1764 was 270. The Russian name for Anton was Sebastianowka. There are several variations of the spelling.\nAnton was a Lutheran colony, located on the Bergenseite of the Volga. The first mayor of Anton was Michael Johann, a farmer, from Kurpfalz, Oberamt, Lindenfels, Germany. Michael Johann was born in 1736. Michael Johann’s wife, Eva Margaretha, born in 1734, and five daughters were with him on his journey to Anton. Anton was part of the Messer parish. In 1856 a new church was built in the Kontor style of architecture (dictated by the Saratov Kontor, the office for administrating the colonies). The former church is still standing and is now being used as a community cultural building. In 1798 there were 54 families in Anton with a total population of 356: 177 males and 179 females. In 1834 there were 103 families and a total population of 988 (488 males and 500 females). In 1857 there were 146 families with a total population of 1,690 (828 males and 862 females).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "No longer just the stuff of science fiction, roach meets robot thanks to The U.S. Army Research Laboratory.\nYou may not like them in your home, but you have to admit: Roaches have it going on in the survival department. Tough to kill, these creepycrawlers seem to be able to flatten out so they can live through even the biggest book or boot smashing down on them.\nSuch adaptability is extremely useful in moving through confined spaces, which is why researchers at University of California-Berkeley, supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), developed cockroach-inspired crawling robots. Dubbed “CRAM” (Compressible Robot with Articulated Mechanisms), the “origami-style, soft, legged robot” prototype is designed to move through rubble in the aftermath of natural disasters or explosions.\nAnother important feature they’re working on is self-righting technology to get the robots back on their feet after tipping over. According to ARL researcher Chad Kessens, \"One Solider I spoke with valued his robot so much that he got out of the safety of his vehicle to rescue it when he was unable to get it back on its tracks after many attempts. This is exactly what we do not want, and Soldiers should not be tempted to risk themselves for a robot.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Search Popular info Explaining Forex Momentum Trading Education, Forex Trading for Beginners | Free course in Forex Trading | Momentum Trading Strategy.\nThe word forex is short for foreign exchange. Before 1944, all the world currencies were pegged to Gold. In other words, the currency could be exchanged for gold directly. In 1944, through the Bretton Woods agreement, the US dollar became the world’s reserve currency.\nEnroll for the free course here: https://quantra.quantinsti.com/course/momentum-trading-forex\nThe forex exchange market currently has a revenue of more than $5 trillion per day. This is one the most matured and actively traded markets in the world with participants such as retail traders, brokers, investment banks, large corporations, and market makers. In forex market, the value of a currency is determined relative to another.\nA quote is the price the market participants are willing to offer for a particular currency pair. Let us take an example to understand the quote of a currency pair. For example if you take the GBP/USD pair. Here, GBP is called the base currency, while USD is called the quote currency. Let us take another example of USD/INR and the current quote for is 65.45/65.50. Then this means that if you want to sell one dollar in exchange of indian rupee, then you will find buyers at the price of 65.45 INR which is the bid. Similarly, the ask price for one dollar in exchange of indian rupees is 65.50 INR. Therefore, the quote is a representation of Bid/Ask. Sometimes the quote can consist of a single price. In that case, it would represent the last traded price for that currency pair.\nThe Spread in a forex market refers to the difference between the BID price and the ASK price of a quote. Usually a highly liquid market with many participants have tighter or smaller spreads. Conversely, the illiquid markets have a wider or bigger spreads. This happens because the competition amongst the traders is less in an illiquid market. If the USD/EUR pair is quoted as 0.8625/0.8630 then the spread will be: 08630-0.8625 =0.00005 Euros.\nMost major currencies, except the Japanese yen are traditionally priced to four decimal places, and a pip is defined as the one unit of the fourth decimal point. For dollar based currencies this is to 1/100th of a cent. For the yen, a pip is one unit of the second decimal point, because the yen is much closer in value to one hundredth of other major currencies. Since the beginning of electronic trading, exchanges and brokers have been providing quotes that are less than pip values. For example, if the USD/INR is quoted at 65.45213 and after 5 minutes the quote moves to 65.46111 then movement in terms of the pips will be (65.46111- 65.45213) divided by 0.0001, which equals 89.8.\nIn forex trading, traders use leverage to trade a currency pair. The leverage that is achievable in the forex market is one of the highest that traders can obtain. Let example, if you want to trade $100,000 worth currency, with a margin of 1% or sometimes written as 1:100, then you will have to deposit only $1,000 into your account. Leverage of this magnitude is significantly larger than the 2:1 leverage commonly provided on equities and the 15:1 leverage provided in the futures market.\nQuantra is an online education portal that specializes in Algorithmic and Quantitative trading. Quantra offers various bite-sized, self-paced and interactive courses that are perfect for busy professionals, seeking implementable knowledge in this domain.\nFind more info on – https://quantra.quantinsti.com/\nLike us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/goquantra/\nFollow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoQuantra\nWhat are the types of Momentum Trading?\nForex Momentum. There are two type of Forex Momentum, linear as well as angular. A rotating things has angular Forex Momentum; a things taking a trip with a rate has linear Forex Momentum. In the meantime, as well as throughout chapter 7, we’ll handle linear Forex Momentum, as well as simply describe it as Forex Momentum, without the linear.\nHere are a few of the technological sign tools frequently used by investors to track Momentum as well as get a feel for whether it’s a good time to go into or leave a trade within a trend.\nThese can help determine general rate trends as well as Momentum by smoothing what can seem erratic rate motions on temporary graphes into more easily readable aesthetic pattern lines. They’re determined by adding the closing costs over a given number of periods as well as splitting the result by the number of periods considered. They can be basic moving averages, or exponential moving averages that offer higher weight to more recent rate activity.\nRelative strength index (RSI):\nAs the name suggests, it determines the strength of the present rate motion over recent periods. The goal is to reveal the likelihood of whether the present pattern is strong in contrast to previous performance.\nThe stochastic oscillator contrasts the present rate of a property with its array over a defined amount of time. When the pattern lines in the oscillator reach oversold conditions– usually a reading of listed below twenty they suggest an upward rate Momentum is at hand. As well as when they reach overbought conditions usually a reading of above 80 they suggest that a descending rate Momentum is in advance.\nMoving ordinary convergence divergence (MACD):\nThis device is an indication that contrasts fast- as well as slow-moving exponential moving rate ordinary pattern lines on a graph versus a signal line. This reveals both rate Momentum as well as possible rate pattern reversal factors. When the lines are farther apart, Momentum is considered to be strong, as well as when they are assembling, Momentum is reducing as well as rate is most likely approaching a reversal.\nCommodity channel index (CCI):\nThis Momentum sign contrasts the “normal rate” of a property (or average of high, low as well as closing costs) versus its basic moving average as well as mean deviation of the normal rate. Like stochastics as well as various other oscillators, its goal is revealing overbought as well as oversold conditions. Readings over 100 suggest overbought conditions, as well as readings listed below 100 suggest oversold conditions.\nOn balance Volume (OBV):\nThis Momentum sign contrasts trading Volume to rate. The principle behind it is that when trading Volume rises significantly without a big adjustment in rate, it’s a sign of strong rate Momentum. As well as if Volume lowers, it’s understood as an indication that Momentum is lessening.\nStochastic Momentum index (SMI):\nThis device is an improvement of the typical stochastic sign. It determines where the present close remains in relationship to the midpoint of a current high-low array, supplying an idea of rate adjustment in connection with the series of the rate. Its goal is to provide an idea of a reversal factor is nearby, or if the present pattern is most likely to continue.\nOrdinary directional index (ADX):\nThis basic oscillator device aims solely at determining pattern Momentum. It plots the strength of a rate pattern on a chart between worths of 0 as well as 100: worths listed below 30 suggest sideways rate activity as well as an undefined pattern, as well as worths over 30 suggest a strong pattern in a particular direction. As the worth comes close to 100, the Momentum of the pattern is understood to grow stronger.\nIn this method, investors split an existing chart into equal periods, separated in blocks. The blocks are after that color-coded according to whether they suggest an upward pattern or a descending pattern; for instance, green for higher as well as red for downward. A third color, yellow, could be used to suggest a sideways pattern. If the chart shows two successive blocks with the exact same color, after that it suggests that there is Momentum in a given direction.\nThreats To Momentum Trading.\nLike any kind of design of trading, Momentum trading is subject to risks. It’s been located to be effective when costs comply with on a trend, yet once in a while Momentum investors can be captured unsuspecting when trends go into unexpected turnarounds.\nInvestors must bear in mind that:.\nTechnical evaluation bases its projections of the likelihood of rate motions on past rate trends.\nPrices in the market can relocate an unforeseen way at any time due to unexpected information events, or worries as well as changes in view in the market.\nSearch New Videos Explaining Forex Momentum Trading Education and Financial market information, evaluation, trading signals as well as Forex financial expert reviews.\n“OnlineForexTradingG.com” will certainly not be held responsible for any kind of loss or damage resulting from reliance on the details had within this web site consisting of market information, evaluation, trading signals as well as Forex broker reviews. The data had in this web site is not necessarily real-time nor precise, as well as analyses are the viewpoints of the author as well as do not stand for the suggestions of “OnlineForexTradingG.com” or its staff members. Currency trading on margin entails high threat, as well as is not appropriate for all investors. As a leveraged item losses are able to exceed first deposits as well as funding is at threat. Prior to determining to trade Forex or any other economic instrument you must carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, as well as threat hunger. We work hard to provide you important details concerning every one of the brokers that we assess. In order to provide you with this totally free service we obtain advertising charges from brokers, consisting of some of those provided within our rankings as well as on this page. While we do our utmost to make sure that all our data is updated, we urge you to confirm our details with the broker straight.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This week Kangaroo Class have been learning:\n- We discussed the different ways that we all celebrated birthdays.\n- We used our senses to describe what we could see, hear, feel, smell and taste on our birthday.\n- We wrote acrostic poems about birthday celebrations.\n- We used resources and drawings to help us subtract.\n- We solved problems by using part whole models to add and subtract.\n- We added different amounts by grouping numbers together.\n- We performed our class assembly for our families and friends. We sang, spoke and danced brilliantly and Mrs Smart and Mrs Bright were very proud of us!\n- We found out about how birthdays are celebrated around the world.\n- We enjoyed practising our Christmas songs.\n- We took part in our Relax Kids session and thought carefully about our different feelings.\nWhat a fantastic week; well done Kangaroos!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "WASHINGTON — President Barack Obama’s new pollution limits for power plants have set off an avalanche of information about what the rules will cost, how they will affect your health and how far they will go toward curbing climate change.\nThere’s just one problem: Almost none of it is based in reality.\nThat’s because Obama’s proposed rules, which aim to cut carbon dioxide emissions from power plants 30 percent by 2030, rely on states developing their own customized plans to meet their targets. Among the options are switching to cleaner fuel sources, boosting efficiency to reduce demand for electricity and trading pollution permits through cap-and-trade.\nAt the earliest, states won’t submit plans until mid-2016; some states could have until 2018. So the true impact won’t be known for years.\nBut that’s not stopping the White House, environmental groups and the energy industry from serving up speculation in heaping doses.\nWhat we know and don’t know about the effects of the pollution rules:\nThe Obama administration says: The proposal will shrink electricity bills about 8 percent.\nOpponents of the new rules say: “Americans can expect to pay $200 more each year for their electricity.” —Institute for Energy Research, a group backed by the Koch brothers.\nThe reality: It depends how you crunch the numbers. The administration acknowledges that the price per kilowatt hour will go up a few percentage points. But the administration says your total power bill will be lower because the plan incentivizes efficiency and will drive down demand. In other words, you’ll pay more for the electricity you buy, but you’ll buy less of it.\nEnvironmentalists say: “This is the biggest step we’ve ever taken for the biggest challenge we’ve ever faced.” — League of Conservation Voters\nThe coal industry says: “The proposal will have practically no effect on global climate change.” — American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity\nThe reality: The plan would prevent about 430 million tons of carbon from reaching the atmosphere. It’s a 30 percent cut over the next 15 years, but that’s compared with 2005 levels. Since 2005, power plans have cut those emissions nearly 13 percent, so they’re already about halfway toward the goal.\nBut U.S. fossil-fueled plants account for only 6 percent of global carbon emissions, and Obama’s plan doesn’t touch the rest of the world’s emissions. It won’t cut as big a chunk as Obama’s previous fuel economy rules for cars and trucks.\nThe U.S. Chamber of Commerce says: The plan will cost the economy more than $50 billion per year.\nThe administration says: By 2030, the rules will have an annual cost of up to $8.8 billion, but that cost will be far offset by annual climate and health benefits of up to $93 billion.\nThe reality: We won’t know until states decide how to meet their targets. Some states rely more heavily on coal, so different regions will be affected in different ways. Still, it’s a safe bet that companies that produce natural gas, solar panels or renewable technologies will get a boost, while coal will take a hit.\nTo calculate health care savings, the administration uses a somewhat morbid formula that puts a dollar amount on ailments averted — everything from heart attacks to bronchitis and asthma. It’s an inexact science, and there are plenty of caveats.\nThe conservative Heritage Foundation says: “Nearly 600,000 jobs would be lost.”\nThe United Mine Workers of America says: “We estimate that the total impact will be about 485,000 permanent jobs lost.”\nThe Environmental Protection Agency says: The rules could cost close to 80,000 jobs by 2030 at power plants and fossil fuel companies, but could create about 111,000 jobs in energy efficiency.\nThe reality: It’s tough to tell. Not every coal miner who loses a job will find work installing solar panels and windmills. On the other hand, the low cost of natural gas has already prompted a shift away from coal, meaning some of those jobs will disappear with or without new pollution limits.\nBoth the Chamber and Heritage Foundation studies were released before the administration unveiled the new rules, so the EPA says they aren’t based on the actual plan and should be discounted.\nThe EPA says: Up to 6,600 premature deaths, 150,000 asthma attacks in children and close to half a million sick days will be averted.\nThe American Lung Association says: “Cleaning up carbon pollution from power plants will save lives and have an immediate, positive impact on public health.”\nThe coal industry says: “The White House continues to perpetuate the nonexistent linkage between EPA’s new carbon regulations and public health.” — American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity\nThe reality: Even the EPA says that the quantitative health benefits of the new rule are “illustrative examples.” It’s true that carbon dioxide emissions aren’t directly linked to health problems like asthma. But because the rule will decrease the amount of electricity made from burning coal, it will help reduce other pollutants that coal-fired power plants release. Those pollutants create smog and soot, which do cause health problems.\nCritics contend the administration is “double counting” those benefits.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Eating Disorders: Shapes and Sizes\nOn researching my last post about the eating disorder demographic, I found that the information I gathered was very much centred on Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. These disorders are a big problem, of course, and are very dangerous- however, I found myself wanting to create a post which explained not just these “well-known” disorders, but other types of ED as well. It seems that the lack of information about the variety of disorders which exist could make sufferers feel more isolated- as well as the common misconception that everyone who is diagnosed with an ED must be dangerously underweight.\nANOREXIA NERVOSA (ANA)\nAnorexia Nervosa is characterised by a refusal to or an unwillingness to eat. It can occur in all ages and genders, but disproportionately affects preteen/teenage girls and young women. This is generally considered one of the most dangerous and shocking eating disorders, due to the dramatic weight loss often experienced by sufferers. According to the most current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, there are four criteria which must be present for a diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa.\n– A refusal to or an inability to maintain minimum “normal” weight for age and height range, resulting in a body weight 15% lower than expected.\n– An intense fear of gaining weight or becoming overweight; even if the sufferer is underweight.\n– Flawed self-perception and an inability to accept the seriousness of their current condition.\n– Amenorrhea must be present (this is the absence of three or more menstrual cycles where they can be expected to occur).\nChances are, when one thinks of an eating disorder, they think of Anorexia- understandably. The condition is very dangerous, with around 20% of cases resulting in death 20 years after onset. However, it is not- as many people are led to believe- the only serious eating disorder.\nBULIMIA NERVOSA (MIA)\nBulimia Nervosa is characterized by cyclical bingeing and purging episodes. Bingeing is typically eating more than a person normally would in a very short space of time, accompanied by feelings of guilt or a lack of control over food consumption. Purging can involve induced vomiting, laxative abuse, excessive exercise and fasting. Bulimia Nervosa exists when bingeing and any type of purging behaviour occurs on average 2 times weekly or more for a period of at least 3 months. These tend to be accompanied- as in Anorexia- with flawed self-perception and an intense fear of becoming overweight.\nBinge Eating Disorder is newly-recognized and is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating that occur twice weekly or more for a period of at least six months. As with Bulimia Nervosa, the sufferer tends to feel a lack of control when eating large amounts of food over a short period. In BED, bingeing episodes are associated with at least three common features- such as eating until uncomfortable, eating when not physically hungry, eating very quickly, eating alone for fear of being embarrassed by how much food is being consumed, or feeling disgusted, depressed or guilty after the episode of overeating. However, although these behaviours still cause distress, they are not associated with compensatory methods of purging. As a result, BED sufferers often present as overweight or obese.\nEATING DISORDER NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED (EDNOS)\nAccording to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual there is a category of eating disorders that do not meet the specific criteria for the two defined disorders- Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. People with this diagnosis tend to show signs of disordered eating but do not meet all the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia. Over one-half to two-thirds of people diagnosed with eating disorders fall into the category of EDNOS- more people are diagnosed with EDNOS than Anorexia and Bulimia combined. A person meets the definition of having EDNOS if they exhibit all the criteria for Anorexia Nervosa but have regular periods or a normal body weight, or if they exhibit all the criteria for Bulimia but purge less than two times per week or for a shorter duration, if they spit out food instead of swallowing, or if they purge only small amounts of food.\nEDNOS is just as serious as the other diagnosed disorders- the only real difference being that they may have features from more than one disorder, show some features of a diagnosed disorder but not all, or their symptoms may vary over time. EDNOS can still be a serious threat to the sufferer’s health, however, and should be taken as seriously as Anorexia or Bulimia.\nAlthough not formally recognised by most medical professionals, Anorexia Athletica is commonly referred to in medical literature as a disorder characterised by compulsive over-exercise. People suffering from Anorexia Athletica may engage in both excessive workouts and exercising as well as calorie restriction. This puts them at risk for malnutrition, even if they are eating their RDA of calories- as the excessive exercise requires an increased calorie diet. Symptoms of Anorexia Athletica may include over-exercising, obsession with calories, fat, and weight, an obsession with phsycial fitness and performance and a lack of pleasure from exercising. It may become more of a compulsion than a conscious decision.\nPica is a disorder characterised by eating non-food items (such as coal, chalk, dirt etc) at an age where it is not generally considered appropriate. Is more common in women and children, and can stem from an iron deficiency or chemical inbalance- although it can be a compulsion with no rational explanation. It can be potentially dangerous, as ingesting some items can lead to parasites, stomach tears and intestinal obstructions. Many cases of pica have been tied to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, but this is not exclusively the case. If you experience pica, it may be an idea to see your doctor- as you could be suffering from a lack of important minerals, or could damage yourself internally in several ways.\nI hope that this post serves to open your mind to the idea of there being more than two serious eating disorders- and if you’re a sufferer, that people understand that you exist no matter what your ED is. Someone can be fat, thin, or anything in-between- but anyone can have an eating disorder, and it’s an important thing to remember.\nWould you like to share your story? Is there anything I have missed? If so, please leave a comment below. If you need to talk to someone about your eating disorder, see your doctor or contact a charity such as Young Minds to discuss your problem.\nIMAGE CREDIT: Wikimedia Commons", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Athletes and fitness enthusiasts are always looking for ways to make their bodies work better and do it faster. Nutrition is an important part of that. It makes your body work better because it gives good protein, vitamins, minerals and carbs. And it helps you recover after a workout because your muscles need food to be stronger again. So eat well before a workout so you can do the best possible job!\nWhat is Important to Eat\nBefore you exercise, it is best to fuel your body with the right nutrients. Protein is good for energy and strength. Fat will make you feel fuller and help your body absorb those nutrients better. Carbohydrates provide quick energy if needed, but they don’t have as much protein or fat in them. You need to consume these three macronutrients in a certain way, depending on the type of exercise that you are doing.\nWhen your muscles need fuel, they use glucose from carbs. Your muscles store glycogen in the liver and the muscles. When you have a short or high-intensity workout, your glycogen stores are the main energy source for your muscle(1). But when you have a long exercise, how much energy comes from carbs depends on several factors like intensity and type of training and what you eat overall(2).\nYour muscles have limited stores of glycogen. As this starts to run out and your output and intensity go down, you need to eat more carbs. Studies have shown that a high-carb diet can increase the glycogen in your body and make you better at using carbs during exercise. Carbo-loading is a well-known way of eating lots of carbohydrates for 1–7 days before an event.\nProtein can help people before they exercise. It is important to eat protein before you exercise. Eating protein and carbs together will give your body more energy for the activity. One study showed that when 20 grams of whey protein were eaten, people got an anabolic response that helped their muscles grow stronger and faster(3).\nEating protein before exercise is good. It includes:\n- Better muscle growth\n- Improved muscle recovery\n- Increased strength and lean body mass\n- Increased muscle performance\nYour body uses glycogen for shorter and faster exercises(4). But after a long time, or when you are not exercising that hard, your body will burn fat. Some studies have shown that people who eat a diet with more fat can run better than healthier eating people. For example, one study showed how over four weeks, healthy athletes could run fast for longer times when they ate 40% fat instead of 20%.\nAlso Read: Exercises To Grow Taller: Does It Work?\nTiming For Your Pre-Workout Meal\nIt is important to eat before exercising. Eating the right meal can help you work out better. Eat a meal with carbs, protein and fat 2-3 hours before your workout so that you can get the most out of it. But there are some times when you won’t be able to eat in two hours, so don’t worry about eating anything small or simple just before working out if it’s been less than two hours since your last meal.\nYou May Also Like: Steps to Overcome From Your Fitness Procrastination\nIf you have to eat something before 30-45 min you work out, make sure that the food is easy to digest and contains mostly carbs and protein. This will help your stomach during exercise.\nFew Pre-Workout Meals to Start With\nWhat to eat depends on the type, duration and intensity of a workout. A good rule is to have carbs and protein before exercising. Eat fat at least 2 hours before exercising, or it won’t work very well.\nIf your workout starts more than 2 hours from now:\n- Have a sandwich made of whole-grain bread, lean protein and a side salad.\n- If you are hungry again before your workout, eat some eggs with toast and avocado spread on top to get some extra energy for the workout.\n- You could also eat rice with vegetables that have been roasted in olive oil\nIf your workout starts within 2 hours from now:\n- A protein shake with milk, protein powder, banana and mixed berries.\n- Whole-grain cereal and milk.\n- Oatmeal with a banana on top of it.\n- A sandwich made out of whole-grain bread, almond butter and fruit preserve.\nIf your workout starts within an hour or less:\n- Greek yogurt with fruit\n- A protein bar, such as a granola bar\n- A piece of fruit, such as an apple or orange\nDo not eat many pre-workout meals. Only one is enough, and it should be eaten an hour or two before you work out.\nHydration is Also Important\nYou need water to function. Drinking plenty of water has been shown to help people perform better and be healthy. Drink water before you work out or do anything strenuous. Drink about 16-20 ounces (0.5-0.6 litres) of water at least four hours before working out and 8-12 ounces (0.23-0.35 litres) of water 10-15 minutes before working out if possible.\nYou should also drink something with sodium in it when you work out, like Gatorade or Powerade, because that will help your body hold onto the fluids better during exercise and after exercising too!\nTo have a good workout, it is important to eat the right foods before you exercise. Carbohydrates help your body use sugar to give you energy for short- and high-intensity workouts. Protein helps build muscles, prevents muscle damage, and helps recovery.\nGood hydration is also important for your performance. It can make you feel better. It would help if you drank lots of water before and after a workout. Pre-workout meals should be eaten three hours to 30 minutes before a workout. Eat easy-to-digest foods or foods that are not hard to digest if you are going to exercise soon. Supplements can help your performance and recovery too, but they are not necessary.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What To Eat During Ramadan?\nThe answer is actually rather simple. There is no special diet that is necessary during Ramadan. What is important is to maintain a normal and healthy diet, and to eat in moderation. Avoid over-eating at the end of the fast at all costs. Over-eating is not a correct way to compensate for the lack of calories during fasting!\nDid you know that the metabolic rate of the body is reduced during fasting and since most fasting people assume a more sedentary lifestyle during Ramadan, the net result is that a balanced diet, which consists less than the normal amount of food intake, is sufficient to keep a person healthy and active during the month of Ramadan.\nHere are some useful tips compiled (by Lovely Ranganath, Dietician, Al Zahra Hospital, Sharjah) that will help you in planning your Ramadan meals:\n1) Think of vegetables as the main food. Treat meat, milk and grains as condiments. Start thinking of carrot sticks with hummus instead of pita bread. Don’t give up eating breads and meat, just de-emphasize them.\n2) Drink lots of water. You should not ignore your water consumption. It seems obvious but drink lots of water between Iftar and sleep, to avoid dehydration. Drinking too much tea will increase urine output and inevitably cause the loss of valuable mineral salts. Avoid caffeinated drinks such as coke, coffee or tea four to five days before Ramadan, gradually reduce the intake of these drinks since a sudden decrease will result in headaches, mood swings and irritability.\n3) Sample Meal Plans. Your meal plan should include:\nBread/ Cereal/ Rice, Pasta Group – 6-11 servings/ day\nMeat/ Beans/ Nuts Group – 2-3 servings/ day\nMilk & milk products – 2-3 servings/ day\nVegetable Group – 3-5 servings/ day\nFruit Group – 2-4 servings/ day\nAdded sugar & fat – use sparingly.\nBreaking the fast (Iftar): 2-3 dates, a serving (4 oz) of unsweetened juice, a cup of light vegetable soup with some pasta or Graham crackers.\nNote: The body’s immediate need at the time of iftar is to get an easily available energy source in the form of glucose. Dates and juices in the above amounts are sufficient to bring low blood glucose levels to normal levels. The juice and soup also helps to maintain water and mineral balance in the body. An unbalanced diet and too many servings of sherbets and sweets with added sugars have been found to be unhealthy.\nDinner: Consume foods from all the food groups. Include salads, chicken or fish or lean meat, some grain as rice or bread or pasta, a small tub of low-fat yogurt, and a serving of fruit.\nTry out good healthy choices such as:\nWhole-meal bread roll without butter (choose herbs instead), filled with egg and tomato, chicken and salads, low fat cheese and salad, or tuna with cucumber and tomato; Whole meal pasta with tomato based sauce with a large salad; Salad with grilled / baked fish or chicken or lean meat along with a small portion of rice or wholemeal bread; Baked potato with tuna or low-fat cottage cheese.\nPre-dawn Meal (Suhur): Consume a light suhur. Eat whole wheat or oat cereal or whole wheat bread. Have a salad along with 1-2 servings of fruit. In view of the long hours of fasting, the so-called “complex carbohydrates” or slow digesting foods should be consumed at suhur, resulting in less hunger during the day. These complex carbohydrates are found in foods that contain grains and seeds like barley, wheat, oats, millet, semolina, beans, lentils, whole meal flour and unpolished rice.\n4) Golden rules to follow during Ramadan. Avoid too much fat, sugar, salts and caffeine; Always have fresh food available; Stick to a low-fat diet; Cut out fried foods; Choose fresh fruits and vegetables when possible.\nDates | Beneficial Things to Eat During Ramadan\nHoney | Beneficial Things to Eat During Ramadan\nLabels: Ramadan Healthy Eating", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Adult Black-legged Kittiwake|\n|Adult on nest with a day old chick|\nKittiwakes need a plentiful supply of oily fish, such as sandeels, in order to raise chicks and during the non-breeding season to survive the winter and to be in good enough condition to breed again the following summer. Sandeel numbers are highly susceptible to overfishing and changes in sea temperature and a reduction in sandeel numbers, or their availability, will have a negative impact on Kittiwake breeding success. If you are interested in finding out more about the relationship between sandeel numbers and the breeding success of Kittiwakes (and Puffins) see these sites: marine-life\nSkomer has one of the largest Kittiwake colonies in Southern Britain and the largest in Wales. They have undergone several years of slow decline on Skomer and the 2017 total of 1,336 nests is once again a drop in numbers ( 9% less than in 2016 and 24% less than the mean of the previous ten years). Nationally, and especially in Scotland, the situation is even worse with declines of up to 15% per annum.\nWork is being done on Skomer to monitor and study the Kittiwake population with the aim of identifying reasons for the decline and applying this to its conservation (although this may be very difficult given the broad scale nature of the problems involved).\nThe Wildlife Trust of South and West Wales conduct a whole island population count every year as well as productivity monitoring of a sub-set of colonies. Gloucester University undertake additional studies to look at adult survival. These studies cover population, productivity and survival but one missing link is knowing where the birds go to find food. Tracking work over the last two years by Liverpool University has started to reveal some interesting patterns. It seems that Skomer's Kittiwakes are island hoppers, feeding mostly around the local islands of Ramsey, The Bishops and Clerks, The Smalls, Grassholm and Skokholm and travel no more than 40 km from the colony on a single feeding trip. The study also revealed that the Kittiwakes prefered shallower, more vertically mixed, water, possibly due to higher resource availability in these areas. You can follow Alice Trevail and Samantha Patrick on Twitter at: @SEG_UL\n|All birds within the study are colour ringed to follow their life history|\n|Kittiwake nests at the Wick being battered by a storm in June 2017|\nThe species could benefit from Species Action Plans, a regional monitoring strategy and further research on the effects on climate change and prey reductions. Creating a network of hunting-free reserves in coastal areas. Monitoring of bycatch of this species through on board observer programmes, and appropriate mitigation measures implemented where necessary. Sustainably manage fisheries to prevent over-fishing.\nObviously we can all help by reducing our carbon footprint and by making sure if we eat fish we source it and, other products, sustainably but there are also other small ways in which we can help. Supporting conservation organisations and research bodies who protect and study the lives of these vulnerable seabirds will give them a helping hand. If you are a keen birder, taking part in national and regional seabird surveys as well as making sure all of your seawatching data goes to Birdtrack will also help.\nLet's keep them the most abundant gull in the world.\nReasons for hope: A recent report by the BTO states that the Kittiwake is the only seabird within the RAS (Ringing Adults for Survival) network showing a long-term increase in survival. To read the full report see www.bto.org/ras-results", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last updated on September 28th, 2022 at 01:56 pm\nFarmers and ranchers risk injury from slips, trips, and falls every day due to the varied types of work and surfaces involved in their day. They work with hand tools, ladders, large equipment, concrete and wooden steps, rough and uneven walking surfaces that can also be wet, icy, oily, and slippery, and have multiple trips from outside light into darkened facility areas. Tripping hazards can cause same level but serious falls. Some of these may include cords, debris on shop floors, feed sacks, worn floor mats, and small object left on the floor or ground. Low level falls include various types of equipment, horses, fences, and many others. High level falls (over 10 feet) include roof tops, hay mows, large equipment. These can be mitigated by keeping walkways well lit, step rises in good repair, secure handrails, and ladders regularly check for safe handholds and step rungs.\nHuman factor safety measures include the following:\n- Use handrails when they are available.\n- Follow the 3 points of contact rule. Use 2 hands and one foot or two feet and one hand when mounting and dismounting ladders of all kinds. This includes free standing, those attached to bins, and tractor and combine ladders. Always face the ladder!\n- When handling animals, be aware of the flight zones and use correct technique with lead ropes and lunge lines.\n- Wear gloves that are the right size and appropriate for the job.\n- Check footwear on a regular basis to make sure the grips and water channels have not worn down. With the exception of chemical use or heavy wet environments, leather work boots with sturdy, flat soles with intact boot laces are a necessary part of farm work. An exception includes when working with horses where a heeled boot is needed or work in very wet areas such as milking parlors, power washing, and pesticide applications where a rubber or nitrile boot is the safe option.\n- When moving from an outdoor light or well lit room to a darker area, remember to remove sunglasses or pause a few second before entering in case there is a step up or down.\n- Avoid carrying loads that are so high or too bulky that they block your line of vision.\n- Keep walkways picked and swept up.\n- Avoid distracting conversations such as cell phone use when engaged in work areas that can be hazardous.\n|Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Safety|\nAll-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes are one of the leading causes of death and injuries in the agriculture industry in the United States. In this presentation, we will evaluate the current situation and possible solutions related to agricultural ATV safety. Potential injury preventative actions were evaluated based on the hierarchy of control, including elimination or substitution, engineering control, administrative authority, training, and personal protective equipment.\n|ATV-UTV Safety for Women|\nAgriculture ranks among the most hazardous industries. Farmers are at very high risk for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and farming is one of few industries in which family members (who often share the work and live on the premises) are also at risk for fatal and nonfatal injuries. ATVs and UTVs are found on all types of farms; they are useful for agricultural work, but they also pose serious hazards to operators and passengers. Studies indicate that injured ATV/UTV passengers are more commonly female and youth and that helmet use is significantly lower for passengers. The focus of the training would be on ATV/UTV maintenance and safety features, personal protective equipment (PPE), load and weight considerations, operation on public roadways, as well as employee training and considerations for working alone.\n|Children and Tractors: Myths, Facts, or Other|\nJoin us as we discuss the topic of children and tractors, starting at birth and moving up through adulthood. We will explore what we know, what we think we know, and what we don’t know.\n|Crashes Involving Agricultural Vehicles in the Southwest Region|\nMotor vehicle crashes are among the top reasons that workers are injured in agriculture. From an occupational safety and health perspective, rural roadways present unique challenges to stakeholders engaged in crash and injury prevention. This session provides an overview of the key issues relevant to rural roadway safety within the context of agricultural vehicles and logging trucks and proven methods for reducing rural roadway crashes and their severity. In addition, the magnitude of the crash problem and trends will be presented for the Southwest Region (i.e., AR, LA, NM, OK, and TX) using data from the Southwest Agricultural Crash Surveillance System (SW AgCRASH).\n|Discovering the Root of your Back Story: Prevention and Understanding of Back Injuries (December 10, 2020)|\nBack injuries are one of the most common forms of farm-related injuries, so protecting the back is one of the most important things a producer can do to stay active on the farm. Men and women are both prone to work-related back pain and the first episode usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 40. Training will focus on effects of whole body vibration, causes of back injuries/pain, how to prevent back injuries/pain, and other considerations.\n|Ergonomic Safety for Farm Women (December 1, 2020)|\nIt is no secret – women are playing an increased role in production agriculture. They account for about one-third of the management, ownership and work on farms, ranches and in crop production. A major challenge continues to be access to protective equipment that meets the ergonomic needs of women. This program is intended to help women in rural/agricultural communities identify ergonomic issues leading to musculoskeletal injuries in farm and ranch work and discover resources to aid in injury prevention.\n|Pediatric Farm-Related Injuries: Safeguarding Children Who Visit or Live on Farms|\nInjuries are the most common cause of death for children and adolescents, and farms and ranches present many unique hazards to youth. During this presentation, we will discuss many of these including augers, grain bins, gravity boxes, tractors, power take-offs (PTOs), manure pits, chemical exposures, animals, and gasoline-powered pressure sprayers. One of the most common causes of serious injuries and deaths to youth on farms and ranches are the use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) like all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), utility task vehicles (UTVs), and recreational off-highway vehicles (ROVs). The safety concerns and prevention strategies related to ORVs will be a featured segment of the presentation. A general overview of how the growth and development of youth affect the risk of injury, and the role healthcare providers can assume to impact injury prevention will be discussed.\n|Planting the Seeds of Tractor and Machinery Safety|\nTractors and machinery have traditionally been a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries on and around farms and ranches. The Planting the Seeds of Tractor and Machinery Safety webinar will cover the basic hazards associated with agricultural tractors and machinery and how to prevent injuries from these hazards.\n|Prevention of Grain Dust Explosions|\nThis Grain Safety program is intended for workers and managers in the grain industry including grain elevators, farm operators and workers, grain haulers, and agriculture business owners. The major focus of the program is on safety in confined space work areas including entry, respiratory protection, and prevention of Grain Dust explosions.\n|Protecting and Promoting the Health of Young Agricultural Workers: The Role of Employers and Supervisors|\nThere are many benefits for hiring youth in agriculture, including the development of job skills, increased self-esteem, responsibility, and earned income. However, adolescents and young adults working in agriculture (under 25 years old) are at increased risk for occupational injuries. In addition to traditional workplace hazards, developmental differences (both physical and cognitive), inexperience, fatigue, and distracted behaviors increase the risk of injury. Employers and supervisors play an active role in protecting these workers. Communicating effectively with young workers about health and safety hazards that impact injury risk is key to protecting this population. This webinar will describe specific skills and practices that can be implemented in the workplace, on family farms, and in agricultural classrooms.\n|Rural Road Safety: A Shared Responsibility|\nRural roads play an important role in moving people and goods in the U.S., but all too often, crashes occur, and fatalities happen. These fatalities are not just statistics, but are our loved ones and community members, so how do we proactively work to reach zero? In this webinar, we will examine the concept that rural road safety is a shared responsibility, discuss safety culture, and delve into some strategies that can be used to improve safety for all rural road users. You will leave this webinar with actions you as an individual can take to make a difference.\n|The Ergonomics of Hand Planting Reforestation Work|\nReforestation work is vital to the health of America’s forests and the U.S. economy. Hand planting, a common reforestation practice, provides unique challenges to safety and health practitioners interested in reducing occupational injuries and illnesses. This webinar will share lessons learned from a team of investigators studying occupational exposures to physical risk factors among hand planters in the Southeastern United States.\n|Understanding the Tractor Factor|\nAgricultural tractors have traditionally been a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries on and around farms and ranches. this webinar will cover the basic hazards associated with agricultural tractors with their use both on and off the roadway and how to prevent these injuries.\n|What’s New in Tractor and Agricultural Vehicle Safety|\nTractors have traditionally been a leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries on and around farms and ranches. Other agricultural vehicles are adding to this trend. This webinar will cover the basic hazards associated with agricultural tractors and agricultural vehicles and how to prevent injuries from these hazards.\n- Agricultural Safety and Health Program at Ohio State University Extension\n- Plan. Provide. Train. from OSHA\n- Wounds and Injuries from MedlinePlus\nPage updated: August 2022", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The cognitive and educational evaluation is a main data source for MET teams to determine eligibility and placement for special education services. All team members must make decisions and advocate for educational instruction, strategies, and placement based on evaluation report results. Collaboration with parents about sharing evaluation results and seeking consent for special education services is also a required professional and legal element. Teachers should gain valuable skills and knowledge regarding analysis, decision-making, and sharing results that pertain to cognitive and educational evaluations.\nPart 1: Formal and Informal Assessment\nRead the “Analyzing Cognitive and Educational Evaluation Report” provided for student Adam Gallery. Based on the report, create a table with a column for each formal and informal assessment. Complete the table with the following information, labeling each column and row:\n· In the first row, clearly identify each assessment.\n· In the second row, describe how each assessment is technically sound and minimizes rater bias\n· In the next row, provide a summary of Adam’s results on each assessment that will help guide appropriate educational decisions. (Do not simply cut and paste the findings.)\n· In the last row, explain why the selected assessment tool is appropriate for diagnosing Adam’s strengths and needs.\nBeneath the table, in a 500-750 word analysis, advocate for the appropriate educational decisions for this student based on the assessment results. The analysis should include:\n· Recommendations for any needed classroom accommodations or modifications, and placement for specific content areas.\n· Appropriate accommodations for Adam’s assessments or testing conditions, including the use of technology for these accommodations.\n· Reflection on the role of special education teachers as advocates for students to help students realize and develop their unique talents and skills.\nPart 2: Parent Script\nUsing the “Analyzing Cognitive and Educational Evaluation Report,” compose a 250-500 word script seeking consent for special education services from Adam’s parents. Your script should include a hypothetical conversation (e.g., provide the actual verbiage/wording that would be exchanged) with the parents where results of the MET report are appropriately relayed and specific wording seeking consent for services is included.\nSupport your findings by citing the “Analyzing Cognitive and Educational Evaluation Report” where appropriate.\nWhile APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.\nThis assignment uses a rubric. Review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.\nYou are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Course Materials if you need assistance.\nProgram competencies and national standards assessed in the benchmark assignment:\nMED in Special Education ITL/NITL\nMED in Special Education Mild to Moderate Disabilities (Nevada)\n4.1: Select and use technically sound formal and informal assessments that minimize bias. [CEC 4.1, ICSI.4.K1, ICSI.4.K2, ICSI.4.K4. ICSI.4.S1, ICSI.4.S5, ICSI.4.S2, ICSI.4.S8, IGC.4.K1, IGC.4.K3, IGC.4.S1, IGC.4.S2, IGC.4.S3, IGC.4.S4; InTASC 6(a), 6(b), 6(h), 6(j), 6(k); MC2, MC3, MC5]\n4.3: In collaboration with colleagues and families, use multiple types of assessment information in making decisions about individuals with disabilities. [CEC 4.3, ICSI.4.K1, ICSI.4.K2, ICSI.4.S4, ICSI.4.S1, ICSI.4.S6, ICSI.6.K4, ICSI.7.K2, ICSI.7.K3, ICSI.7.K4, ICSI.7.S2, ICSI.7.S3, ICSI.7.S4, ICSI.7.S5, ICSI.7.S3, ICSI.7.S10, IGC.4.K1, IGC.4.K2, IGC.4.K3, IGC.7.K2, IGC.7.S2; InTASC 6(g), 6(i), 6(o), 6(t), 6(v), 9(c), 9(l) 10(a); MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4, MC5]\n4.5: Prepare all students for the demands of particular assessment formats and make appropriate accommodations in assessments or testing conditions for students with disabilities. [CEC 4.1, ICSI.4.K4, ICSI.4.S2, ICSI.4.S3, ICSI.4.S4, IGC.4.S3; InTASC 6(e), 6(h), 6(p), 6(u); ISTE-T 2d, 4b; MC2, MC4, MC5]\n6.5: Advance the profession by engaging in activities such as advocacy and mentoring. [CEC 6.5, ICSI.6.K2, IGC.6.K4, ICSI.6.K6, ICSI.6.S1, ICSI.6.S2, ICSI.6.S4, ICSI.6.S5, ICSI.6.S6, IGC.6.K5, IGC.6.S2; InTASC 10(j); MC1, MC3, MC4]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Childhood Amnesia Essay, Research Paper\nA fundamental aspect of human memory is that the more time elapsed since an event, the fainter the memory becomes. This has been shown to be true on a relatively linear scale with the exception of our first three to four years of life (Fitzgerald, 1991). It is even common for adults not to have any memory before the age of six or seven. The absence of memory in these first years has sparked much interest as to how and why it happens. Ever since Freud (1916/1963) first popularized the phenomenon there have been many questions and few robust empirical studies. Childhood amnesia is defined as the period of life from which no events are remembered (Usher & Neisser, 1993) beginning at birth and ending at the onset of your first memories. The implications of why this occurs are important for the understanding of how our memory system develops and the memory formation process.\nThere have been many hypothesized causes for childhood amnesia but very little strong evidence to support them. This problem arises out of the difficulty of obtaining reliable information pertaining to this area of study. Research is only as good as the information used. Most studies have used adult participants who are asked to report their earliest memories and the date. There are several factors contributing to the unreliability of this data. In a self-report method, people often have difficulty pinpointing what their earliest memory is and even more difficulty getting an accurate date. Verification of the memories is also a problem since it is nearly impossible to design and conduct a study that observes the initial experience to compare with the subsequent recall. The experience reported by a participant can often be checked with another family member but their memories are also prone to errors.\nIn this field there are also many other confounding variables that experimenters must try minimize. One such variable is the family specific knowledge that a volunteer has accumulated over the course of their life. Loftus, (1993) suggested that early childhood memories are greatly influenced by one’s amassed, family knowledge. For example, a participant who knows that his or her cousin was closely involved in their upbringing is likely to guess that he or she was present at an important event without any actual memory of the fact. Contributing factors to this are family stories, photographs, home movies, etc.\nThe variance of memories between participants also makes it hard to convert what is reported into significant terms. For example, my earliest memory is from when I was about four years old and my grandmother gave me a piece of amethyst in a wooden quart basket similar to one you buy berries in. This information given its degree of accuracy is quite difficult to generalize since every other person will recount a unique story. A method used by experimenters to compensate for this is the targeting of a specific, datable event common to many individuals. In the 1993 experiment by Usher and Neisser, these ‘target events’ consisted of the birth of a younger sibling, a hospitalization, the death of a family member and a family move. The use of targeted recall has helped solve one problem with infantile amnesic research but as we will see there are still many problems with the experimental evidence that has been gathered.\nUsher and Neisser conducted one of the most influential studies in the field of childhood amnesia in 1993. The purpose of this experiment was to improve on the self-report studies done in the past and to examine the relationship between the nature of the events and the age at which they can be remembered. They used a specific questioning method in a between-groups study of adults’ memories relating to each of the four aforementioned ‘target’ events. They found that the earliest age that these events could be recalled was two for the sibling birth and hospitalization and three for the death and move. They also found no sex differences for the data as proposed by some earlier experiments (Dudycha & Dudycha, 1941). The memories were verified by the participants’ mothers and judged as mostly accurate. These results suggest that the earliest memory recalled in adulthood will vary depending on the significance and or understanding of the event. The birth of a sibling is especially relevant for a young child because of all the discussion and anticipation preceding the birth. This event usually includes many changes in the everyday life for the child and is therefore more likely to be remembered. In comparison, a death is not well understood by a young child and usually will not be as easy to remember. The high levels of emotion (and pain) are said to account for the preservation of the hospitalization memories.\nThis study has been cited as showing evidence for adult memory for events that occurred at the age of two, which is earlier than previous studies suggested. The evidence presented in this study must be carefully considered before making any conclusions. The number of participants who responded positively to the sibling birth questions was few and many were unverified. It has been suggested that they also may have used family knowledge to aid their recall as well as the limited range of possible answers to the questions. For example, a question asked what the baby was doing when you first saw him or her and most people know that newborns spend most of their time sleeping, eating or crying.\nEacott and Crawley (1998) implemented a study that improves on some of the weaknesses from Usher and Neisser’s experiment. They felt it was important to factor out the family knowledge and use a larger number of respondents in order to get a better representation of the age at which we retain our first memories. To account for the family knowledge, Eacott and Crawley questioned both the older and younger sibling. The older sibling was asked “Who looked after you when your mother was in the hospital (giving birth to the younger sibling)?” The younger brother or sister was then asked, “Who looked after your older sibling when your mother was in the hospital”? The comparison of these two answers can give us an assessment as to the degree that family knowledge is playing in the former response. A larger group of participants who were between the ages of two and three at the time of their siblings’ birth was used to improve the significance of the results (n=700). Two groups of participants made up of elder and younger siblings were compared with a questionnaire similar to the one used by Usher and Neisser (1993). One group was asked to use their memories as well as their family knowledge to answer the questions (called the report group), whereas the other was instructed to only use actual memories in their responses (recall group).\nThe results of this study suggest several relevant findings. The first is that the pattern of data collected was mostly in line with Usher and Neisser’s (1993) findings. Approximately 75% of the participants who could recall something about their sibling’s birth were between the ages of 28 and 35 at that time. The candidates who were between the ages of 24 and 27 months at the time of their sibling’s birth remembered significantly less than those in the 28 to 35 month range. The data obtained from this procedure led the experimenters to believe the recall group used actual memories as opposed to a combination of knowledge and memory. The degree of error determined by the subject’s mother was greater for the report group than for recall, 20% and 13% respectively. The greatest weakness of this experiment was the lack of randomness in choosing the participants. They were all college or university students and likely were above the average intelligence. This could have contributed to the early age at which events were remembered. If a sample from the general population were used, the mean age would conceivably go up. In reference to these two experiments, we can conclude that an event, which occurs when you are under three years old, can be recalled in adulthood. More interestingly though, was the display of substantial memory from two and a half years of age while memory from the first quarter of the second year is quite scarce. While these experiments provide no explanation for the occurrence of childhood amnesia, they do provide some illustration about the nature of the phenomenon itself.\nMechanisms Contributing to Childhood Amnesia:\nThe explanations for why childhood amnesia occurs are many. They range from a physiological basis to a lack of self-concept. The fact that human memory has many aspects, localized in different areas of the brain is well documented. The following information, combined with the empirical evidence related to the phenomenon leads me to believe that there are multiple systems responsible for its occurrence.\nSome early theories proposed that the failure to remember anything before the age of three was due to an immature nervous system and subsequently, the underdeveloped hippocampus. This theory cites a storage failure for the memory deficiencies including perceptual or neurological immaturity and inadequate encoding. The hippocampus has been shown to play an important part in the storage of long-term memories and it is not fully developed before age three. Nelson (1995) has studied the development of several structures in the brain and linked them with specific classifications of memory. The developmental approach to the emergence of memory systems states that a form of preexplicit memory dependant on the hippocampus is developed in the first few months of life. At the age of eight to twelve months, when the limbic and cortical structures mature a little more, explicit memory begins to evolve. Procedural learning and conditioned learning emerge very early and can be seen in newborn babies. The prefrontal lobe of the brain starts to become more adultlike in the second year of life and this is when we see the commencement of working memory. Nelson (1995 & 1993) suggested that working memory must have been functioning for long term memories to be stored accurately.\nHowever if the cause of childhood amnesia is the underdevelopment of the brain, then we would expect that a three-year-old child would not remember anything from six months to one year prior. Howe and Courage (1993 & 1997) collected evidence to the contrary. They found that children of this age could consistently and accurately remember events that had occurred for up to one year in the past. These findings are also consistent with the data from the Fivush and Schwarzmueller 1998 study that illustrates that children remember childhood events better than when they are adults even when a normal forgetting curve is used to compensate for the extended time interval. In response to this and other evidence some psychologists have proposed that childhood amnesia is effected more by retrieval failure than by storage failure.\nHowe and Courage (1997) suggest one possible explanation for the failure to retrieve childhood memories. It states that the schemata used to evaluate a situation and thus what you will remember about it, changes so drastically from childhood into adulthood, that the earlier memories no longer fit with one’s present knowledge. In other words, what you may remember does not fit your adult schema thus does not make sense and so it is not integrated with what you now call memory. We can deduce much of this logically. Children remember differently than adults. For example, a child may remember the spicy onion on his or her hotdog at a baseball game rather than the game winning, grand slam homerun. Eventually, these process changes and the taste of an onion is fairly common and does not merit any long-term memory.\nAnother interesting, though essentially untestable, (except for coorelational studies) explanation for childhood amnesia is the development of the ‘cognitive-self’ (Howe & Courage, 1997; McKee & Squire, 1993). The emergence of the cognitive-self just so happens to develop at the same time that most people have their first childhood memories. The theory basically states that humans cannot have memories about one-self until the stage in their development when they recognize that they are separate and distinct from their environment. This usually happens at around the age of two and is evaluated by the ‘Rouge test’. The rouge test is when a child is placed in front of a mirror with a red dot on their nose. If the child recognizes him/herself, he/she will reach for their nose. If, however, the child has not developed to the point of self-recognition, he or she will likely reach for the image of the red dot in the mirror. Most of our memories involve the presence of something that happens to ‘me’ and if we do not have a sense of ‘me’ yet, then it is unlikely to remember such events. The events remembered before the recognition of the cognitive self will be so vastly different than our other memories that they probably will not be recalled. The recognition of one self does not suddenly appear at 18-24 months of age but rather it gradually begins organizing itself from birth but does not become fully active until this time. This helps explain why there are some memories for very young children for events that occur before the critical age of two to three years. The autobiographical aspect of memory seems to be vital for information stored for long periods of time. This touches on humans’ egocentricity that an event is not important unless it happens to ‘me’.\nThere is also another important aspect of human memory that develops at approximately the same time as the offset of childhood amnesia. The development of language and specifically inner speech is hypothesized to play an important role in the development of autobiographical memory (Howe & Courage, 1993). The association is made because of the synchronization of the timing of the two events and the logical fact that participants must make use of language to communicate memories. The action of inner speech is necessary for rehearsal strategies. The use of language undoubtedly helps organize past events into terms comprehensible to many. The study by Fivush, Haden and Adam (1995) illustrates how children’s narratives about the same event become more elaborate and more complex over time, especially between the ages of four and five years. This lends evidence to the idea that more elaborate encoding of memories is only present in the years after three. This also fits with the concept that; the more encoding associated with a memory, the greater chance that it can be recalled during adulthood. It seems that only those memories that can be discussed with others will become part of the autobiographical life story. The findings in this study (Fivush, Haden & Adam, 1995) indicate that memory of events occurring before children are able to relate these memories verbally will be extremely vulnerable to loss.\nThere are many confounding factors contributing to the limited empirical evidence relating to the causes of childhood amnesia. In fact, there is far more evidence against each causation theory in comparison to the supporting evidence. Presently we have to settle for information concerning the nature of the phenomenon itself instead of explanations of exactly why it happens. It is through these behavioral observations and the continued study that we will gain insight and new hypotheses concerning this topic.\nI personally believe that it is a good thing we no not remember our earliest years. Memories of crying, not being able to communicate well, the birthing process, immunization, circumcision (for some unlucky children) and not having any control over your environment are probably best forgotten. Perhaps Freud was right in saying that these memories are suppressed because of the extreme unpleasantness of many events surrounding these years.\nMy theory on childhood amnesia is that it is a possible adaptive function stemming from evolution. Although, I have not found any formal research on this view (or empirical evidence to support my claim), it is plausible that not having explicit memory of the first years is helpful to human development. Other than the blocking of unpleasantness, childhood amnesia may be helpful such that all of the brain’s resources are devoted to growth and adaptation to the new environment. The long-term memory process may draw on the brain’s limited resources during these critical years and the absence of this allows the brain to progress more quickly in vitally important areas such as communication skills and locomotion.\nIt is important to note that the differing views with respect to the cause of childhood amnesia are not mutually exclusive. The evidence that I have studied in this field points to a composite origin of childhood amnesia. Dualistic theories have dominated many areas of modern psychology. The extremist views of psychologists are usually combined (eventually) into some middle ground with everyone agreeing that many factors contribute to any psychological phenomenon. This topic proves to be no different. The role of language development in autobiographical memory is well documented and certainly contributes to childhood memories. It is also believed that humans must learn to have a sense of one-self before memory related to themselves can be retained. The development of the brain is also important because of at least two factors. The first is that the perception of events that occur in childhood are different from those in adulthood because of the dramatic changes in structure, connections and maturity of the brain. The second regards the lack of functional capabilities present during this time period. We do have evidence that suggests infants do retain information for long periods of time so we can conclude that some mechanisms for storage of memory exist in the first few months of life.\nThe only solid evidence regarding this phenomenon is the age at which adults can recall their first experiences (approximately three years old). There is no dispute that the first three years of life are essential to the development and growth throughout the rest of childhood and adolescence. In reference to this fact, it is quite odd that we can remember very few specific events from this time frame. Perhaps the only the most important knowledge is retained; the implicit, procedural and motor knowledge that will aid us for the rest of our lives.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Willett explores the ways in which Hinduism uniquely deals with ideas related to evil and theodicy. First, Willett describes the context behind the two terms “evil” and “theodicy.” He explains that because of its ambiguous definitions, the term religion complicates our understanding of the term evil. Likewise, the Christian perception of evil creates significant problems when trying to consider the way that evil is a part of or related to other religions. Willet describes theodicy as the attempt to answer questions concerning the overwhelming amount of evil in the world and how one can “reconcile the belief of a good god with the existence of evil.” He notes that these questions of theodicy have been unique to the notion of a Christian God. Thus, all discussions of evil in which evil is diametrically opposed to goodness involve a Christian understanding. Hinduism, however, challenges these perceptions of evil, for this religion fails to dichotomize the polarities of good and evil. Hindu deities are not classified according to goodness; rather questions of goodness are addressed by karma. Next, the essay moves to a discussion of Karma as theodicy. Karma is defined as “a combination of the principles of cause-and-effect with the South Asian belief in rebirth or reincarnation.” Willet argues that Karma is not a systematic answer to the question of theodicy, meaning that “karma only seeks to explain the existence of evil and suffering,” not to reconcile how a good god and evil can simultaneously exist. Thus, this cause-and-effect approach cannot answer questions of punishment or the divine authorization of evil that Christian theodicy asks. Willet also notes the limitations of karma, such as its ability to undermine deities and interfere with free will. Finally, the essay discusses the way Hinduism deals with the conceptualizations of good and evil, choosing not to polarize these concepts as Christianity does. Instead, Willet explores various interpretations of good and evil within Hindu mythology. He notes that some myths claim that the creator deliberately fashioned a world with both good and evil, while other myths tell of religious figures whose level of good is ambiguous. Willet also points out that myths offer different explanations for why evil may exist and what purpose it serves. In sum, by setting aside Christian absolutes and polarities, this essay reveals the more nuanced, unique understandings of evil and theodicy that appear within the Hindu traditions.\n\"Evil and Theodicy in Hinduism,\"\nDenison Journal of Religion: Vol. 14\n, Article 5.\nAvailable at: https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/religion/vol14/iss1/5", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pages That Mention mountains\nThe geographical and historical dictionary of America and the West Indies [volume 1]\nABACU, a point of land on the S coast of the island of St. Domingo.\nABADES, a settlement of the province and government of Popayan, in the district and jurisdiction of San Juan de Pasto.\nABANCAY, a province and corregimiento of Peru, bounded on the E by the large city of Cuzco, (its jurisdiction beginning at the parish of Santa Ana of that city), and on the W by the province of Andahuailas; N by that of Calcaylares, forming, in this part, an extended chain of snowcovered mountains ; S by the provinces of Cotabamba and Aimaraez; S W by Chilques and Masques. It extends 26 leagues from E to W and is 14 broad. Its most considerable river is the Apurimac, which is separated from it at the N W and bends its course, united with other streams, towards the mountains of the Andes. This river is crossed by a wooden bridge of 80 yards long and 3 broad, which is in the high road from Lima to Cuzco, and other provinces of the sierra. The toll collected here is four rials of silver for every load of goods of the produce of the country, and twelve for those of the produce of Europe. The temperature of this province is mild, and for the most part salubrious, with the exception of a few vallies, where, on account of the excessive heat and humidity, tertian agues are not uncommon. It produces wheat, maize, and other grain in great abundance, and its breed of horned cattle is by no means inconsiderable; but its principal production is sugar, which they refine so well, that it may challenge the finest European sugars for whiteness : this is carried for sale to Cuzco and other provinces, and is held in great estimation. It also produces hemp, cloth manufactures of the country ; and in its territories mines of silver are not wanting, especially in the mountain which they call Jalcanta, although the natives avail themselves not of the advantages so liberally held out to them. Its jurisdiction comprehends 17 settlements. The repartimento, quota of tribute, amounted to 108,750 dollars, and it rendered yearly 870 for the alcabala. The following are the 17 settlements : The capital, Limatambo, Huanicapa, Mollepata, Curahuasi, Pantipata, Cachora, Pibil, Antilla, Chonta, Anta, Pocquiura, Ibin, Surite, Chachaypucquio, Huaracondo. Sumata,\nAbancay, the capital of the above province, founded in a spacious valley, which gives it its title: it is also so called from a river, over which has been thrown one of the largest bridges in the kingdom, being the first that was built there, and looked upon as a monument of skill. In the above valley the jurisdiction of this province, and that of Andahuailas, becomes divided. It is also memorable for the victories gained in its vicinity by the king's troops against Gonzalo Pizarro, in the years 1542 and 1548. It has a convent of the religious order of St. Dominic ; this order being the first of those which established themselves in Peru. 20 leagues distant from the city of Cuzco. Lat. 13° 31' 30\" S Long. 72° 26' W.7\nAbancay, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Cuenca, in the kingdom of Quito, situate on the shore of the river Paute.\nABANES, a barbarous nation of Indians, of the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, in the plains of San Juan, to the N of the Orinoco. They inhabit the woods on the shores of this river, as well as other small woods ; and are bounded, E by the Salivas, and W by the Caberres and Andaquies. They are docile, of good dispositions, and are easily converted to the Catholic faith.\nABANGOUI, a large settlement of the province and government of Paraguay. It is composed of Indians of the Guarani nation, and situate on the shore of the river Taquani. It was discovered by Alvar Nuñez Cabezade Vaca, in 1541.\nABARANQUEN, a small river of the province and government of Guayana, or Nueva Andalusia. It rises in the country of the Quiriquipas Indians, runs from S to N and enters the Aruy.\nABARY, a small river of Guayana, between the Berbice and the Demerary. See Mahaica.\nABBEVILLE County, in Ninetysix district, S. Carolina, bounded on the N E by the Saluda, and on the SW by the Savannah, is 35 miles in length and 21 in breadth ; contains 9197 inhabitants, including 1665 slaves.\nABBOTS, a small river of N. Carolina, which runs S W and enters the Pedi, at a little distance from the source of this river, in the territory of the Granville limits.\nABECOCHI, a settlement of Indians of S. Carolina, situate on the shore of the river Cousa. The English have a settlement here, with a fort for its defence.\nABEICAS, a nation of Indians of New France, bounded on the N by the Alibamis, and E by the Cheraquis. They live at a distance from the large rivers, and the only produce of their territory is some canes, which are not thicker than a finger, but of so hard a texture, that, when split, they cut exactly like a knife. These Indians speak the Tchicachan language, and with the other nations are in alliance against the Iroquees.\nfinger, but of so hard a texture, that, when split, they cut exactly like a knife. These Indians speak the Tchicachan language, and with the other nations are in alliance against the Iroquees.\nABERCORN, a town of the province and colony of New Georgia, on the shore of the river Savannah, near where it enters the sea, and at a league's distance from the city of this name. [It is about 30 miles from the sea, 5 miles from Ebenezer, and 13 N W of Savannah.]\nABIDE, mountains, or serrania, of the province and government of Cartagena. They run from W to N E from near the large river of Magdalena to the province of Chocó, and the S. Sea. Their limits and extent are not known, but they are 20 leagues wide, and were discovered by Capt. Francisco Cesar in 1536; he being the first who penetrated into them, after a labour of 10 months, in which time he had to undergo the most extreme privations and excessive perils ; not that these exceeded the hardships which were endured by the licentiate Badillo, who entered upon its conquest with a fine army.\nABIGIRAS, a settlement of Indians, one of the missions, or a reduction, which belonged to the regular order of the Jesuits, in the province and government of Mainas, of the kingdom of Quito ; founded in the year 1665, by the father Lorenzo Lucero, on the shore of the river Curarari, 30 leagues from its mouth, and 240 from Quito.\n[Abineau Port, on the N side of lake Erie, is about 13 miles W S W from fort Erie. Lat. 42° 6' N Long. 79° 15' W. ]\n[ABINGDON, a town at the head of the tide waters of Bush river, Harford county, Maryland, 12 miles SW from Havre-de-Grace, and 20 NE from Baltimore. Cokesbury college, instituted by the methodists in 1785, is in this town. Lat. 39° 27' 30\" N Long. 76° 20' 35\" W.]\n[another, the chief town of Washington county, Virginia, contained but about 20 houses in 1788, and in 1796 upwards of 150. It is about 145 miles from Campbell's station, near Holston; 260 from Richmond in Virginia, in a direct line, and 310 as the road runs, bearing a little to the S of W Lat. 36° 41' 30\" N Long. 81° 59' W.]\n[ABINGTON, a township in Plymouth county, Massachusetts; 22 miles SE from Boston, and contains 1453 inhabitants. Lat. 42° 4' 30\". ]\n[another, a parish in the town of Pomfret in Connecticut. Lat. 42° 4' 30\". Long. 70° 51' 30\".]\n[another, a village in Pennsylvania, 32 miles N of Philadelphia.]\nAbipi, a small settlement of the jurisdiction of Muzo, and corregimiento of Tunja, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It is of a hot temperature, producing some wheat, maize, yucas, plantains, and canes ; it has been celebrated for its rich mines of emeralds, which are, however, at present abandoned from want of water; it is nearly three leagues distant from the large mine of Itoco.\nABIPONES, a nation of barbarous Indians, of the province and government of Tucuman, inhabiting the S shores of the river Bermejo. Their number once exceeded 100000; but they are certainly at present much reduced. They go naked, except that the women cover themselves with little skins, prettily ornamented, which they call queyapi. They are very good swimmers, of a lofty and robust stature, and well featured: but they paint their faces and the rest of their body, and are very much given to war, which they carry on chiefly against such as come either to hunt or to fish upon their territory. Their victims they have a custom of sticking upon lofty poles, as a landmark, or by way of intimidation to their enemies. From their infancy they cut and scarify their bodies, to make themselves hardy. When their country is inundated, which happens in the five winter months, they retire to live in the islands, or upon the tops of trees: they have some slight notion of agriculture, but they live by fishing, and the produce of the chase, holding in the highest estimation the flesh of tigers, which they divide among their relations, as a sort of precious relic or dainty ; also asserting that it has the properties of infusing strength and valour. They have no knowledge either of God, of law, or of policy; but they believe in the immortality of the soul, and that there is a land of consummate bliss, where they shall dance and divert themselves after their death. When a man dies, his widow observes a state of celibacy, and fasts a year, which consists in an abstinence from fish: this period being fulfilled, an assembly run out to meet her, and inform her that her husband has given her leave to marry. The women occupy themselves in spinning and sewing hides; the men are idlers, and the boys run about the whole day in exercising their strength. The men are much addicted to drunkenness, and then the women are accustomed to conceal their husband's weapons, for fear of being killed. They do not rear more than two or three children, killing all above this number.\nAbisca, an extensive province of the kingdom of Peru, to the E of the Cordillera of the Andes, between the rivers Yetau and Amarumago, and to the S of Cuzco. It is little known, consisting entirely of woods, rivers, and lakes; and hither many barbarous nations of Indians have retired, selecting for their dwelling places the few plains which belong to the province. The Emperor Yupanqui endeavoured to make it subservient to his controul, but without success: the same disappointment awaited Pedro de Andia in his attempt to subjugate it in the year 1538.\nhither many barbarous nations of Indians have retired, selecting for their dwelling places the few plains which belong to the province. The Emperor Yupanqui endeavoured to make it subservient to his controul, but without success : the same disappointment awaited Pedro de Andia in his attempt to subjugate it in the year 1538.\nABISMES, Quartel des, that part or division of the island of Guadaloupe which looks to the NE. It takes its name from its having some creeks, or inlets, which serve as places of shelter for vessels, in case of invasion either from enemies or from hurricanes. Here they ride quite safe, for the bottom is very good ; and being made fast to the strong palm-trees which abound here, they stand in no need of being anchored, which would be inconvenient, and attended with risk, on account of the thick roots thrown out by the above trees. Further on is a small island called Des Cochons, where an engineer, of the name of Renau, endeavoured, without success, in 1700, to build a fort, for the sake of securing the harbour, which is a good one.\nABITANIS, a mountain of the province and corregimiento of Lipes in Peru. In the Quechuan tongue it signifies the ore of gold, from a celebrated mine which is at present nearly abandoned, from the want of workmen. It is nearly contiguous to the settlement of Colcha.\nABITIBBI, a small lake in Upper Canada, on the S side of which is a settlement called Frederick, which last lies in N lat. 48° 35'. W long. 82°. Also the name of a river which runs N and joins Moose river near its mouth at James's bay.\nABITIBIS, a lake of the country of Hudson, in the territory of the Indians of this name. This lake is N of Nipissing lake, the NE boundary of Canada, in New South Wales: it has communication with James's bay, near Moose fort. Lat. 48° 39' N Long. 79° 2' W.\nABITIGAS, a nation of barbarous Indians, of the province and corregimiento of Tarma in Peru. It is very numerous and warlike ; and they live a wandering life in the woods. It is 60 leagues to the E of the mountains of the Andes; bounded on the S, by the Ipillos Indians.\nABORROEN, a port of the coast of Brasil, in the province and capitainship of Seara, between the river Escorgogive and the bay of Inobu.\nABRA, an island of the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of the third and last narrow pass, called the Passage.\n[ABRAM'S CREEK, falls into Hudson's river, near the city of Hudson.]\nABREOLHOS, on the coast of Brasil, and of the province and capitainship of Espiritu Santo, between the rivers Percipe and Quororupa, in S lat. 18° 19' 30\". W long. 39° 5 1° 30\". Here are some hidden rocks, or sandbanks, extremely dangerous ; and although there are various navigable channels, it requires the utmost caution to avoid shipwreck, this having been the lot of an infinite number of vessels. These sandbanks are more than 20 leagues distant from the continent, and extend themselves upwards of five leagues to the E of the Island of Tuego. Their situation, taken in the the centre, is in 170° 51' 20\" S lat. W long. 39° 18'.\n[ABROJOS, a bank, with several small rocks and isles, E of Turk's island, in N lat. 21° 5'. W long. 70° 40'. Between this bank and Turk's Island is a deep channel, for ships of any burden, three leagues wide.]\nAbrojos, a shoal of the N. sea. See the article Panuela Quadrado.\nABSECON, Beach, on the coast of New Jersey, 16 miles SW from Little Egg harbour.\nABUCARA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Lucanas in Peru, in a valley of the same name. It was anciently the capital of this province, and had the same denomination. At present it is much reduced, the corregidor having left it to establish himself in Lucanas. Lat. 15° 33' S Long. 73° 28' W\nABUCEES, S. Joseph de los, a settlement of the missions of the Sucumbios Indians, who were founded by, and maintained at the expence of, the abolished order of the Jesuits, in the province and government of Quixos and Macas, of the kingdom of Quito ; situate on the shore of a small river, which enters the Putumayo. Lat. 0° 36' N Long. 75° 22' W.\nABURRA, S. Bartolomé de, a town of the province and government of Antioquia, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, founded in 1542, by the Marshal George Robledo, in a fertile and extensive valley of the same name, which was discovered in 1540 by Captain Geronimo Luis Texelo. It abounds in all kinds of fruits, seeds, and vegetables, and is of a hot temperature. In its district are found many huacas, or sepulchres of the Indians, in which great riches are deposited. It has now so much fallen to decay, that it is no more than a miserable hamlet. In its vicinity are some streams of salt water, from which the Indians procure salt for their use. Lat. 5° 51' 30\" N Long. 75° 17' W ACA, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Tlaxclala, in Nueva España.\n[ACAAY, a parish in Paraguay, situate on a small river which runs into the Río Paraguay. It is about 14 leagues SE of Asuncion. Lat. 25° 54' 7\" S Long. 57° 25' W.]\nACACUNA, a mountain of Peru, in the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru. It is very lofty, and is four leagues distant from the S. sea; is very barren, and situate between the promontory of Ilo and the river Sama. Lat. 70° 29' S [Long. 18° 35' W.]\nACADIA, a province and peninsula of N. America, on the E coast of Canada, between the island or bank of Newfoundland and New England, by which it is bounded on the w. It is more than 100 leagues in length from N W S E and nearly 80 in width, from NE to SW from the gulph of St. Lawrence to the river Santa Cruz. It was discovered in 1497 by Sebastian Cabot, sent thither from England by Henry VII. The French, under the command of Jacob Cartier, of St. Maloes, established themselves here in 1534, in order to carry on a codfishery on the bank of Newfoundland; and in 1604, Peter Guest, a gentleman of the household of Henry IV of France, was sent by that king to establish a colony, which he founded at Port Royal. The English entered it under Gilbert Humphry, in consequence of a grant which had been made to this person by Queen Elizabeth, and gave it the title of Nova Scotia. In 1621 King James I made a donation of it to the Earl of Stirling; and in 1627 the French, commanded by Kirk de la Rochelle, made themselves masters of it, destroying all the establishments of the English, who were obliged to surrender it up, in 1629, by the treaty of St. Germains. The French shortly afterwards lost it; a Governor Philip having taken possession of it; but they, however, regained it in 1691, through the conduct of Mr. De Villebon. In order to settle the pretensions of the rival courts, commissioners were, by mutual consent, appointed in the peace of Riswick, in 1697, to consider which should be the limits of Nova Scotia and New England; and in the peace of Utrecht, it was entirely ceded to the English, who afterwards returned to it. This beautiful country contains many rivers and lakes; the principal of these is the Rosignol, well stocked with fish: there are also many woods, full of excellent timber, and thronged with very singular birds; as, for instance, the Colibri, or hummingbird, and various others. The same woods abound in many kinds of fruits and medicinal herbs. It is very fertile in wheat, maize, pulse of all sorts, and also produces cattle of various kinds, animals of the chase, and abundance of fine fish. Its principal commerce is in skins and salt fish. The winter is longer and colder than in Europe. The capital is Port Royal.— [The name of Acadia was first applied to a tract from the 40th to the 46th degree of N lat. granted to De Mons, Nov. 8, 1603, by Henry IV of France. For the present state of this country, see NOVA SCOTIA.]\nACAGUATO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Tancitaro. It is so reduced as to consist of no more than 15 families of Indians, who maintain themselves by sowing some maize, and other vegetable productions. — Eight leagues S of the capital.\nACAHILA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Yamparaes in Peru, dependent on the archibishopric of Charcas, and annexed to the curacy of S. Christobal de Pilcomayo.\nACAIA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxatambo in Peru, annexed to the curacy of Churin.\nACAMBARO, the head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Zelaya, in the province and bishopric of Mechoacán. It contains 490 families of Indians, 80 of Mustees and Mulattoes, and a convent of the order of St. Francis. In its district there are other small settlements or wards.— Seven leagues S of its capital.\nACAMISTLAHUAC, the head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Tasco, annexed to the curacy of its capital, from whence it is distant two leagues to the E N E. It contains 30 Indian families.\nACAMUCHITLAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Texopilco, and alcaldía mayor of Zultepec. It contains 60 Indian families, whose commerce is in sugar and honey. It produces also maize, and cultivates many vegetable productions. — Five leagues N of its head settlement.\nACAMON, a river of the province and government of Guayana, or Nueva Andalucia. It arises in the serranias of Usupama; runs W N W and enters the Caroni.\nACANTEPEC, the head settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Tlapa. It is of a cold and moist temperature, contains 92 Indian families, among which are included those of another settlement in its vicinity, all of whom maintain themselves by manufacturing cotton stuffs.\nACANTI, a river of the province and government of Darien, in the kingdom of Tierra Firme. It rises in the mountains which lie towards the N and empties itself into the sea between Cape Tiburon and the bay of Calidonia.\nACAPALA, a settlement of the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa, in the kingdom of Guatemala. Lat. 16° 53' N Long. 93° 52' W [It is situate on the Tobasco river, near the city of Chiapa, and not far from a bay in the S. sea, called Teguantipac.]\nACARAI, a settlement of the province and government of Paraguay, founded near the river Paraná, and rather towards the W by the missionary Jesuits, in 1624, where they also built a fort to protect it against the incursions of the infidel Indians.\nACARAI, a river of the province and government of Paraguay. It runs S S E and enters the Paraná opposite the settlement of La Poblacion Nueva.\nACARAPU, a small river of the province and colony of Surinam, in the part of Guayana belonging to the Dutch. It is one of those which enter the Cuyuni.\nACARI, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Camaná, in Perú, situate in a beautiful and extensive valley, in which there is a very lofty mountain, which they call Sahuacario, composed of misshapen stones and sand, in which, at certain times of the year, especially in the months of December and January, is heard a loud and continued murmuring, which excites universal astonishment, and which, no doubt, is to be attributed to the air in some of its cavities. On its skirts are two fortresses, which were built in the time of the gentilism of the Indians. There is a port halfway between the town of St. Juan and the city of Arequipa, which is 8 leagues distant from the latter, and 11 from the former. It is very convenient, and has an excellent bottom, but is frequented only by small vessels. It is in lat. 15° 15'. S Long. 75° 8' 30\" W\nACARI, a point or cape of the coast of the S. sea, of the same province, and of the corregimiento of Camaná.\nACARI, a river of the above province, which runs to the S E.\nanother river, of the province and capitainship of Pará in the kingdom of Brasil. It is small, runs N afterwards inclines to the N N W and enters the river of Las Amazonas, just where this empties itself into the sea.\nACARIGUA, a settlement of the province and government of Venezuela, situate on the shore of the river of its name, and close upon the E side of the town of Ararul.\nACARIGUA, a river of the above province and government, which rises near the town of Araure, and runs S to enter the river of La Portuguesa.\nACARRETO, a port of the coast of Tierra Firme, in the province and government of Darien, near cape Tiburon. [Lat. 8° 39' N Long. 77° 24' SO\" W.]\nACARUACA, a small river of the province and country of the Amazonas, in the part belonging to the Portuguese. It runs from N to S forming a bow, and enters the Matari.\n[ACASABASTIAN, a river in the province of Vera Paz in Mexico. It runs into the Golfo Dulce, and has a town situated on its banks of the same name. The source of this river is not far from the S. sea.]\nACASABASTLAN, a settlement of the kingdom of Guatemala, in the province and alcaldía mayor of Chiapa.\n[ACASATHULA, a sea-port, situated on a point of land, in the province of Guatemala Proper, in Mexico, on a bay of the S. sea, about four leagues from Trinidad. It receives the greatest part of the treasures from Perú and Mexico. In its neighbourhood are three volcanoes.]\nACASSA, a river of the province and government of Guayana, in the part possessed by the French. It enters the sea between the Ayapoco and Cape Orange.\nACATEPEC, a settlement of the head settlement and alcaldía mayor of Thehuacan, where there is a convent or vicarage of the order of St. Francis. It contains 860 Indian families (including those of the wards of its district) in a spacious valley, which begins at the end of the settlement and extends itself above a league. In this valley are 12 cultivated estates, on which live 40 Indian families. It is four leagues S S W of its capital.\nanother settlement in the head settlement and district of Chinantla, of the alcaldía mayor of Cozamaloapan. It is situate in a very pleasant plain, and surrounded by three lofty mountains. The number of its inhabitants is reduced. A very rapid and broad river passes near this settlement; and as this is the direct way to the city of Oaxaca and other jurisdictions, and as the travellers, who come here in great numbers, must necessarily cross the river in barks or canoes, the Indians, who are very expert in this sort of navigation, contrive by these means to procure themselves a decent livelihood. 10 leagues W of its head settlement.\nanother settlement of the alcaldía mayor of the same kingdom, situate between two high ridges. It contains 100 Indian families, and is annexed to the curacy of", "label": "No"}
{"text": "If you saw the trigger warning and proceeded anyway, congratulations. Let’s discuss the use of words like trigger warning, micro-aggression, and offensive.\nA radio host I follow comments that we are training young people to not be judgmental. The idea being that to be judgmental suggests some sort of oppression or superiority, and in some cases would be considered racist. He presents the following story: University of Wisconsin students to undergo mandatory ‘cultural competency training’. He continues to say, (I’m paraphrasing here) The world of the academy is not only failing miserably, but is now getting closer and closer to not allowing the students to talk to each other. If you see micro-aggressions as a real problem, the what could you not see as offensive? Schools are encouraging people of color to be even more sensitive. On the west cost, a female student accused a white student of a micro-agression because he had dreadlocks. She said that it was an appropriation of her culture. Students are also getting worked up by dishes served in the cafeteria: “Spanish rice” or “Taco Tuesday”. And now, at the University of Madison, even more effort will be spent on educating the kids to be more alert to offense.\nDo you agree that students should undergo “cultural competency training”?\nWhile you’re waiting for more thoughts from me on this subject, check out this article by The Atlantic, “The Coddling of the American Mind“.\nFurther Reading & Idea Exploration:\n- Is it Cultural Mis-Appropriation? A Handy Guide\n- Offensive Halloween Costumes.\n- Safe spaces.\nImage source: Bob Vonderau", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Open source hardware, also called open hardware, is electronic or computer hardware built from design information that could be copyrighted or licensed but has instead been made available for public use at no charge. Such information can include documentation, schematic diagrams, construction details, parts lists and logic designs.\nIn a literal sense, physical objects do not lend themselves to the open source paradigm in the same way as does software (with the possible exception of self-replicating robots). The term open source can, however, be applied directly to information that allows people to build, modify and update specific hardware items such as personal computers, computer peripherals, telecommunicationss.\nIn recent years, specialized software known as hardware description language (HDL) has become available for the design and engineering of hardware. Programs written in HDL can be copyrighted, just as can any other type of software. When HDL programs are made freely available, they can be considered open source hardware.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Hrauneyjafoss Station is Iceland’s third largest power plant, producing 210 MW. It is located near the Sprengisandur Route on the edge of the highlands; southwest of the Sigalda Station, and utilises the same water as Sigalda Station. Hrauneyjafoss Station came on-line in 1981.\nThe Tungnaá River is dammed on rather flat land approximately 1.5 km above the Hrauneyjafoss Waterfall and 7 km below the Sigalda Station. The difference in altitude is approximately 15 m. Hrauneyjalón, an 8.8 km² reservoir, was formed by the dam. A low soil wall dam stretches along the lava flatlands on the south bank of the river. A headrace channel runs 1 km northwards from the reservoir through a dip in the Fossalda Hill to an intake point at its northern edge. Three steel penstocks (4.8 m in diameter) run 272 m down the hill to the powerhouse. The tailrace canal, just over one kilometre in length, enters the Spordöldukvísl waterway, which runs into the Tungnaá River.\nThere are six hydropower stations in the catchment area of Rivers Thjórsá and Tungnaá: Búrfell, Sultartangi, Hrauneyjafoss, Vatnsfell, Sigalda and Búdarháls, with combined energy of 935 MW. Water for all the power stations is provided by three main reservoirs, Thórisvatn, Hágöngulón and Kvíslarveita, along with smaller reservoirs connected with each station.\nLake Thórisvatn, Iceland’s largest lake, is the largest reservoir and an important part of Landsvirkjun’s utility system. All water accumulated in Kvíslarveita and Hágöngulón reservoirs runs through Lake Thórisvatn.\nLake Thórisvatn became a reservoir with the harnessing of River Thjórsá at Búrfell Mountain in 1970-1972. River Kaldakvísl was diverted into the lake at the northern edge of the lake and a controlled outflow constructed at the southern edge.\nA canal was dug from the lake and a concrete gate structure built in the canal to manage the flow rate. The canal is named the Vatnsfell Canal, and carries water from Lake Thórisvatn through the Vatnsfell Station into the Krókslón Reservoir above the Sigalda Station, and from there to other stations further down in the catchment area.\nWork on the Kvíslaveita Reservoir began in 1980 and was completed in 1997. Kvíslaveita is the collective name for the dams, canals, bottom outlets and gate structures that manage the flow rate from the River Thjórsá and its tributaries into Lake Thórisvatn.\nThe Háganga Reservoir was constructed in 1997–1999 and covers an area of 27 km2. Its purpose is to increase the efficiency of the catchment area of River Kaldakvísl. During the summer months, water accumulates in the Hágöngulón Reservoir, with very little water flowing down the Kaldakvísl riverbed.\n|Fyrsta vél gangsett:||1981|\n|Vatnasvið virkjunar:||4.272 km2|\n|Meðalrennsli til virkjunar:||155 m3/s|\n|Virkjað rennsli:||280 m3/s|\n|Afl Francis hverfla:||3 x 70 MW|\n|Við lónhæð:||425 m y.s.|\n|Hönnun:||Verkfræðistofa Sigurðar Thoroddsen hf. og Harza Engineering Company International, Bandaríkjunum|\n|Arkitektar:||Guðmundur Kr. Kristinsson og Gunnlaugur Halldórsson|\n|Vélar og rafbúnaður:||ASEA, Svíþjóð|\n|Lokur og þrýstivatnspípur:||Magrini Galileo, Ítalíu.|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Epistle to the Hebrews, or “Letter to the Hebrews” is the traditional name of a text that the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament simply called “To the Hebrews” (ΠΡΟΣ ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ).\nScholars of Greek consider its writing to be more polished and eloquent than any other book of the New Testament. Since the earliest days of the Church, the authorship and canonicity have been debated. Presumably once known and respected by the epistle's readers, the author became unknown and today is often described as unknowable. The book has earned the reputation of being a \"masterpiece\". It also has been described as an \"intricate\" New Testament book.\nJewish history (or the history of the Jewish people) is the history of the Jews, and their religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. According to Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob who lived in Canaan around the 18th century BCE. Historically, Jews had evolved mostly from the Tribe of Judah and Simeon, and partially from the other Israelite tribes, especially of Binyamin and Levi, who had all together formed the ancient Kingdom of Judah and the ancient Kingdom of Israel. The earliest mention of Israel as a people was found inscribed on the Merneptah Stele dating back to 1213-1203 BCE.\nThe Gospel of the Hebrews (Greek: τὸ καθ' Ἑβραίους εὐαγγέλιον), or Gospel according to the Hebrews, was a syncretic Jewish–Christian gospel which survives only as brief quotations by the early Church Fathers which preserve fragments of the original text. The fragments contain traditions of Jesus' pre-existence, incarnation, baptism, and probable temptation, along with some of his sayings. Distinctive features include a Christology characterized by the belief that the Holy Spirit is Jesus' Divine Mother and a first resurrection appearance to James, the brother of Jesus, showing a high regard for James as the head of the Jewish Christian church in Jerusalem. It was probably composed in Greek in the first decades of the 2nd century, and is believed to have been used by Greek-speaking Jewish Christians in Egypt during that century.\nIt is the only Jewish–Christian gospel which the Church Fathers referred to by name, believing there was only one Hebrew Gospel, perhaps in different versions. Passages from the gospel were quoted or summarized by three Alexandrian Fathers – Clement, Origen and Didymus the Blind; it was also quoted by Jerome, either directly or through the commentaries of Origen. The gospel was used as a supplement to the canonical gospels to provide source material for their commentaries based on scripture. Eusebius of Caesarea included it in his list of disputed writings known as the Antilegomena, noting that it was used by \"Hebrews\" within the Church; it fell out of use when the New Testament canon was codified at the end of the 4th century.\nBlack Hebrews proper", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many First Nations used the wood from lodgepole pine for lodges, homes or buildings. In the spring, the cambium layer of the inner bark was stripped off trees and eaten. In addition, the pitch was used as a base for many medicines, and was chewed to relieve sore throats.\nToday, lodgepole pine is marketed domestically as part of the single species spruce-pine-fir (SPF) group. SPF lumber is used across North America and Asia for a variety of purposes including structural framing, paneling, shelving, millwork, furniture, doors and trim. NorthPac Forestry Group Ltd. sells pine sawlogs and pulp domestically and overseas.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Category: Salt Water\nFacts about the Oriole Angelfish, they are marine Angelfish which are also known as Bicolor Angelfish or Oriole Dwarf Angelfish. The Oriole Angelfish are found in Indo-Pacific East Africa. Surprisingly, the Oriole Angelfish have a wide range distribution throughout the word. Mostly the Oriole Angelfish are harvested for pet industry but they cannot be named as endangered.\nThe Oriole Angelfish are recognizable due to their bright colors which range from bluish, black, and gold. This has led people to define them as Black and Gold Angelfish, two colored Angelfish and Bluish and gold Angelfish.\nOriole Angelfish are distinguishable from other Angelfish dwarfs because they have an over shape that is slightly longer. The Oriole Angelfish grow up to 15 cm and this is also bigger than others by 2 cm. The front of their bodyis yellow to gold while the back is dark to royal blue. At the top of each eye, the Oriole Angelfish have a blue mask like which runs over their forehead. The anal and dorsal fins are blue in color. The pelvic, tail fins, and pectoral are yellow. It is hard to differentiate the juvenile Oriole Angelfish because they look similar, but at a closer look they have darker bars.\nThe Oriole Angelfish have a lifespan of 12 years when kept in the aquarium but if they are well taken care of they can live up to 15 years.\nAmong all the Oriole Angelfish, this one is considered to be the most aggressive. Keeping them in pairs is recommended but the tank must be spacious. This allows each Oriole Angelfish to keep distance while guiding their territory. It is not recommended to keep them with other peaceful fish unless again you keep them in a large tank or aquarium.\nThese Oriole Angelfish are omnivores though they feed more on meaty foods which is not common on other dwarfs. When they are younger, they feed on algae and as they grow older, they feed on worms, corals or sponges. The Oriole Angelfish also feed on mysis, frozen shrimp, and formula foods. If held in captive the feeding should be done severally per day.\nThese Oriole Angelfish are moderately difficult to care for when in aquariums. The Oriole Angelfish need plenty of water which should be changed at an interval of three to four weeks. This is for the bigger gallons of around 100. If the gallon is smaller, then the water should be changed weekly. The pH level should not exceed 8.0.\nThe Oriole Angelfish have not bred in captivity yet. In the wild, the Oriole Angelfish reach sexual maturity at 60 to 69 mm. The Oriole Angelfish have an interesting courtship before they mate. The male makes loud voices and when they meet the female they make the first move. He swims upwards to her, tilts his body to an angle of 90 degrees. If the female is ready to spawn they will soar together and the male will nuzzle the female’s body for around 18seconds. After that, they release gametes while producing fertilized eggs. The eggs are left to hatch on their own.\nThe Oriole Angelfish are prone to parasites like white spot diseases.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Still, when I’m at a star party or observing on my own, I often track down a couple of these defunct patterns because it’s fun. And I have the best time when friends join in. If you’d like to try your hand at this, too, read on.\nThe first star maps and globes had fewer than 50 constellations, yet despite that relatively small number, some of those have not survived. The most notable is the truly massive former constellation Argo Navis, the legendary ship that carried Jason and the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece.\nArgo Navis is the only example of a star pattern that fell into disuse for purely practical reasons: It was simply too big. So, around 1750, French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided it into the constellations Carina, Puppis, and Vela. Sometimes the constellation Pyxis the Compass also gets lumped into this grouping as well, but this is incorrect. In fact, Lacaille himself pictured Argo Navis as a complete ship with Pyxis just to its north on a celestial map he produced in 1752.\nThe use of designations for Argo Navis’ stars was so ingrained that, when it was rent asunder, the original set of Greek letters was retained, with no additional ones added. As a result, Puppis and Vela have no Alpha or Beta stars. Those letters stayed with stars that now form Carina.\nAlmost every other constellation that’s gone the way of Argo Navis has vanished because of non-acceptance by the community of astronomers at large. Many of those star groups were meant to honor the patron or monarch of the astronomer who named them. Needless to say, outside the boundaries of the relevant country, those tributes were not well received. A similar situation occurred in 1781, when a row developed after Sir William Herschel attempted to name his newly discovered planet “Georgium Sidus,” or “George’s Star,” after George III of England. That British-leaning name didn’t stick, so it was Uranus ever after.\nBut just because we categorize a constellation as extinct doesn’t mean we have no record of it. Star maps exist that show these figures. We know which stars formed them. And, most importantly to observers, you can still go outside and find them. I’ve listed 12 of my favorites here (in alphabetical order), but there are at least a hundred others a little research will lead you to. Have fun!\nThe great German-Flemish mapmaker Gerardus Mercator placed this figure on a celestial globe he created in 1551. He formed it from the stars Eta (η), Theta (θ), Sigma (σ), Delta (δ), Nu (ν), Lambda (λ), Kappa (κ), and Iota (ι) Aquilae. The stars range in brightness from magnitude 3.2 (Theta) to magnitude 5.2 (Sigma), so spotting them requires a reasonably dark site.\nThe figure represented the servant/lover of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. According to one account, Antinoüs drowned himself in the Nile River, believing that, with this sacrifice, he would prolong his master’s life. After his death, he was worshipped as both a god and a hero.\nThree constellations, all extinct, have occupied the same tiny area in the northern part of Aries the Ram. You can find — pick a name — by locating 33 Arietis, 35 Ari, 39 Ari, and 41 Ari. They range in magnitude from 3.6 to 5.3.\nThe Dutch-Flemish mapmaker Petrus Plancius got the ball rolling by putting Apes the Bee on his 1612 star chart. In 1679, French architect Augustin Royer used the same stars for Lilium the Fleur-de-lis. About a decade later, Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius re-christened that area Musca, although later mapmakers who used the figure called it Musca Borealis to distinguish it from the far-southern constellation Musca the Fly.\nThe Battery of Volta\nBritish physician and Egyptologist Thomas Young designated this constellation in 1806 to honor an important invention by Alessandro Volta: the electric battery. There’s not much to it, however. It’s just two stars: 1 Pegasi, which glows at magnitude 4.1, and 9 Pegasi, which is ever so slightly fainter at magnitude 4.3. Maybe Young decided to represent just the battery’s terminals?\nIn Greek mythology, Cerberus was the three-headed hound that guarded the gates of Hades, but not against intruders. Instead, he was there to prevent the dead from leaving. Hevelius included Cerberus as part of Firmamentum Sobiescianum, sive Uranographia, totum Coelum Stellatum, a collection of star maps he created in 1687.\nYou can find Cerberus midway between the head of Hercules and the head of Cygnus, made primarily of the stars 93, 95, 96, 102, and 109 Herculis. Do note that the brightest of these stars, 109 Her, glows at magnitude 3.9. I’ve found that the best way to see this group is to use tripod-mounted binoculars. You don’t need much magnification, but choose binoculars with a field of view at least 7.5° wide (the distance between 93 Her and 109 Her).\nFrench astronomer Jérôme Lalande suggested this constellation in 1799 because there was no cat in the sky. Apparently, he was thinking house cat, because three constellations — two lions and a lynx — already represented the feline family. It made its initial appearance in the star atlas Uranographia sive Astrorum Descriptio, created by German astronomer Johann Elert Bode in 1801.\nYou can find Felis — and I warn you, its stars are faint — by heading 30° due south of Regulus (Alpha [α] Leonis), and trying to make a cat out of magnitude 3.8 Mu (μ) Hydrae and a few similarly dim stars nearby. You’ll see the constellations Corvus and Crater. Get a sense of their similar sizes. Felis lies on the western side of Crater opposite Corvus.\nGladii Electorales Saxonici\nGerman astronomer Gottfried Kirch introduced this constellation — a pair of crossed swords — in 1684 as a political move. He hoped to win the patronage of Johann Georg III, Elector of Saxony.\nThe star pattern consists of nine stars between magnitudes 3.7 and 5.2. The area they’re in is bounded by Arcturus (Alpha Boötis), Unuk al Hai (Alpha Serpentis), Zubeneschamali (Beta [β] Librae), Mu Virginis, and Tau (τ) Virginis. Finding this location is easy. Making Gladii Electorales Saxonici out of its stars is not.\nI wanted to include a few defunct constellations from the Southern Hemisphere; my first is a figure that represents the bust of Christopher Columbus. American mapmaker William Croswell placed this star pattern on A Mercator Map of the Starry Heavens, which he produced in 1810. To form Marmor Sculptile, Croswell simply used the existing constellation Reticulum with a few stars from neighboring Horologium.\nIn 1822, Scottish writer Alexander Jamieson introduced this constellation in A Celestial Atlas. To create it, he used stars in far-eastern Hydra and western Libra. But he wasn’t the first to appropriate the stars in this area.\nIn 1776, French astronomer Pierre Charles Le Monnier created Turdus Solitarius, the Solitary Thrush, using no less than 41 stars between 3rd and 9th magnitude. You can find either of these birds of yesteryear by locating a curved line of five stars: 4 Librae and 54, 55, 56, and 57 Hydrae. Binoculars will make your task much easier because the brightest of these luminaries glows at only magnitude 5.2.\nFrench astronomer Jérôme Lalande invented this constellation in 1795 to commemorate the wall-mounted quadrant at l’École Militaire Observatory in Paris. It appeared that year (as “Le Mural”) in Atlas Céleste by Jean Fortin. Johann Bode changed the constellation’s name to Quadrans Muralis when he included it in his 1801 star atlas.\nIn the sky, locate the area that starts midway between magnitude 3.5 Nekkar (Beta Boötis) and magnitude 4.6 Chi (χ) Herculis and extends about 10° to the north. If this constellation’s name rings a bell, you probably have heard it before. The radiant of the Quadrantid meteor shower, which peaks around January 4 each year, lies within its (former) boundaries.\nNone other than the great Edmund Halley created my second extinct southern-sky constellation. In 1679, he used some seriously bright stars in Argo Navis (now also gone) to commemorate the Royal Oak where the King of England, Charles II, supposedly hid from the army of Oliver Cromwell after the Battle of Worcester in 1651. The brightest star of Robur Carolinum was magnitude 1.7 Miaplacidus (Beta Carinae).\nTubus Herschelii Major and Tubus Herschelii Minor\nMy final entry is a pair of defunct constellations. Hungarian astronomer and Jesuit priest Maximilian Hell formed both in 1789 to honor Sir William Herschel’s discovery of Uranus. Tubus Herschelii Major commemorated Herschel’s 20-foot telescope, while Minor represented his 7-foot telescope.\nHell placed the larger constellation in Auriga and the smaller between Taurus and Orion. He did this so they would lie on either side of the point in Gemini where Herschel found the planet. Later maps combined the two into Telescopium Herschellii. To find it, head outdoors and locate Castor (Alpha Geminorum). Telescopium Herschelii occupies a large region north of that star in Lynx and Auriga.\nThe ancient sky awaits\nIn Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, Dr. Leonard McCoy eulogizes Mr. Spock in a way that can apply here: “He’s not really dead as long as we remember him.” So, these constellations really aren’t extinct as long as we observe them. I encourage you to head out on the next clear night and see if you can locate one of these obscure star figures that meant so much to so few.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Quality Teaching Rounds, developed by Jenny Gore and Julie Bowe, involves teachers working in professional learning communities (PLCs) of four or more to observe and analyse each other’s teaching (Bowe & Gore, 2017) a. The QTR is a protocol using a set of “good teaching practice” criteria with which a lesson is “coded” and then discussed by a group of three or four teachers. The three dimensions and 18 elements are grouped in three domains of good pedagogy: Intellectual Quality, Quality Learning Environment and Significance.\nHow it works:\nA group of four teachers (three could work, but four is optimal) observe a lesson by one of the group. The three observers “code” the lesson using the Quality Teaching criteria. After the lesson, the group of four get together and discuss the lesson. The discussion is not an appraisal of the teacher; it is about discussing the elements of good teaching.\nBelow are my notes of an excellent two day PD I was lucky enough to attend b, guided by Professor Jenny Gore. She was insightful, interesting and showed us how the QTR model is one of the few ways in which teachers can have safe and constructive discussions based on lesson observations.\nI have blogged about Jenny Gore’s QTR before, but at that time, I didn’t fully get how useful and great this protocol actually is. Now I do, and I can’t wait to start working with it at my school. Here is the blog post from June 2016.\nWhat are Quality Teaching Rounds?\n- It’s a positive, respectful experience\n- It’s a framework with which to affirm teachers\n- It’s about the teaching, not about the person\n- It’s about the practice of teaching.\n- It’s about the principles that guide teaching.\n- It’s been around for 15 years.\n- It’s about the conversations you have afterwards.\n- It’s the thinking afterwards which changes people.\n- You are not rating your colleague, you are having a conversation about teaching.\n- You use description, not judgement.\n- It’s about a sense of community and commitment\n- focused on the impact of teaching on student learning\n- a respectful, safe forum for discussing practice\n- an opportunity to build professional relationships, trust, and respect\n- an approach to facilitation collegial and inclusive, with all PLC members contributing\ninformed by rigorous research\n- an opportunity to enhance our teaching\n- deep discussions built on the Quality Teaching mode impactful, improving teaching quality and teacher morale\nQuality teaching rounds, what it isn’t:\n- It’s not about the coding or the numbers\n- It’s not a teacher appraisal system\n- It’s not about critiquing a lesson, it’s talking about teaching\n- an inspection focused on the teacher\n- a scoring exercise focused on numbers\n- a performance appraisal dominated by one member of the PLC\n- a fad or gimmick\n- expensive, especially given their demonstrated impact\nThe Themes of QTR:\n- Safety, Trust\n- Value of being in each other’s classrooms\n- Value of common language about good teaching.\n“Coding” a lesson\nThis is what a ‘Coding sheet’ looks like. The numbers in green are what the researchers in the room gave the lesson, the other numbers are what I scored it. In a way it doesn’t matter what the scores are. QTR is about quantifying and codifying good practice and then having in-depth conversations afterwards.\nMy general notes from the sessions with Jenny Gore:\n- Groups of four works well.\n- Protocol: Each person takes the lead on one of the elements. Take it in turns. Wait your turn.\n- Teachers are often harsher on themselves than academics are on the teachers.\n- Just the fact that something was coded a 5 does not mean it’s perfect.\n- Order rests on activities rather than rules\n- Metalanguage in the QTis language about language.\n- Writing rubrics is really difficult, there is a science to it. Teachers play linguistic and semantic gymnastics.\n- Knowledge is open to questioning. Sometimes teaching can oversimplify knowledge.\n- The three dimensions are what matters.\n- You don’t expect to see every element.\n- What is the diff between deep knowledge and deep understanding? You can bring deep knowledge to a lesson but students can walk out with a shallow understanding. TWO are students addressing key concepts and key ideas. Can we draw out the big ideas?\n- Deep knowledge: What do you want them to learn? Often it is just “content”, but is that what you want them to learn? What are the big ideas?\n- Getting to deeper knowledge: Ask “What do you want them to learn?” several times: “I am teaching about the Rain forest” > Deeper > structure of the rain forest > Deeper> ecology of the rain forest > Deeper > having respect for ecology. (Or ask: So what?)\n- Problematic knowledge = TOK, there are multiple answers\n- Most PLCs take 18 months to mature.\n- Minimum of three in a QTR group. 8 days of QTR days a year.\n- You either tell or show.\n- If you don’t show them what a good one looks like #WAGOLL, the ones who will succeed are the ones who are already succeeding.\n- Jeff Layton: The kids sink to the occasion (but they can also rise to the occasion)\n- Teaching is sooo complex, there is no one way to do it.\n- Engagement = a serious investment in classwork.\n- We need to have high expectations for student learning. It needs to be challenging for them.\n- Social support: a class has to be a safe space, where students treat each other respectfully, where contributions are valued.\n- Most teachers don’t know how good they are.\n- It’s not about changing a whole lesson, it is about tweaking it.\n- There’s very little PD which fundamentally changes or impacts on the WAY we teach.\n- Experienced teachers may get better at a whole lot of stuff, but do they get better at teaching itself? Not necessarily.\nInteresting links for me to read and consider:\n- Here are all the links below one one page, by “OneTab“: https://www.one-tab.com/page/ufIbLBTkR1C_tq-3WgWQHA\n- “A classroom Practice Guide” http://mscplc.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/0/8/4808031/quality_teaching_guide.pdf\n- Jim Beane: http://mtpyph.weebly.com/uploads/9/0/6/9/9069240/beane_-_towards_coherent_curriculum.pdf\n- Pedagogy of poverty https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1570/2df70734cb15a165c988db86c68d9759528a.pdf\n- https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1336&context=research_conference (back)\n- On the 25th and 26th of February 2020, at Lauriston Girls’ School (back)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Found 3 items, similar to error.\nEnglish → Indonesian\ngawal, kekeliruan, kesalahan, kesilapan, silap\nEnglish → English\nn 1: a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or\ninattention; “he made a bad mistake”\n; “she was quick to\npoint out my errors”\n; “I could understand his English in\nspite of his grammatical faults”\n2: inadvertent incorrectness [syn: erroneousness\n3: a misconception resulting from incorrect information [syn: erroneous belief\n4: (baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out\nwhen normal play would have sufficed [syn: misplay\n5: departure from what is ethically acceptable [syn: wrongdoing\n6: (computer science) the occurrence of an incorrect result\nproduced by a computer [syn: computer error\n7: part of a statement that is not correct; “the book was full\nEnglish → English\n, n. [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr.\nerrare to err. See Err\n1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.]\nThe rest of his journey, his error by sea. --B.\n2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or\nstandard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something\nmade wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in\nprinting; a clerical error.\n3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false\nnotion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension.\nHis judgment was often in error, though his candor\nremained unimpaired. --Bancroft.\n4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or\ntransgression; iniquity; fault. --Ps. xix. 12.\n5. (Math.) The difference between the approximate result and\nthe true result; -- used particularly in the rule of\n(a) The difference between an observed value and the true\nvalue of a quantity.\n(b) The difference between the observed value of a\nquantity and that which is taken or computed to be the\ntrue value; -- sometimes called residual error\n7. (Law.) A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record\nin matters of law or of fact.\n8. (Baseball) A fault of a player of the side in the field\nwhich results in failure to put out a player on the other\nside, or gives him an unearned base.\nLaw of error\n, or Law of frequency of error\nthe law which expresses the relation between the magnitude\nof an error and the frequency with which that error will\nbe committed in making a large number of careful\nmeasurements of a quantity.\n. (Mensuration) See under Probable\nWrit of error\n(Law), an original writ, which lies after\njudgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to\ncorrect some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the\njudgment of the court. --Bouvier. Burrill.\nSyn: Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion;\nhallucination; sin. See Blunder", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last Updated on\nRecently “Lead” has been on the headlines of all leading newspapers and channels. Maggi, uncontested choice of national food for engineers, has been taking off the shelves in our country. Reason – Lead content higher than prescribed limits found in samples of Maggi. But is it only “Maggi” that has unacceptable lead?\nHeavy metal Lead is considered toxic as increased levels of lead in the body interferes with a variety of body processes and development of the nervous system particularly in children.Route of exposure to lead is contaminated air, soil, food, and consumer products and is taken up by us through ingestion and inhalation.\nLead was used as pigments in paints earlier. However, lead-based paints have disappeared from consumer sales for residential use in developed countries because of toxicity concerns. Lead pigments have been replaced by titanium pigments and others, in oil based paints and enamels. In general, water based paints or emulsions do not contain lead pigments.\nWidespread revolution all over the world has brought in regulations for controlling use of lead in paints. In the US and other developed nations, maximum allowable content is 90 ppm or 0.009%.\nIn India, the Bureau of Indian Standards has revised the voluntary lead standards in paints to 90 ppm (parts per million), which until 2004, was 1000 ppm or (0.1%)\nOrganized paint sector in India, with major players like Asian Paints, Kansai nerolac have been continuously striving to keep lead to the minimum and have even introduced products with lead free guarantee and ECO-Mark. The BIS states that “ Eco-mark product shall be packed in such packages which shall be recyclable/reusable or biodegradable. It shall be accompanied with instructions for proper use so as to maximize product performance and minimize wastage. In case of products certified for ECO-Mark the major ingredients and hazardous chemicals shall be marked on the container. The criteria for which the product has been labelled as ECO-Mark may also be marked on the container. “ Unorganized sector which constitutes about 25 – 30%, still produce products that do not comply to the standards.\nHence, it is always advisable to use paint products from well known brands. Also, water based paints, emulsions and enamels are pretty much safer than oil based ones.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg is now the namesake of a praying mantis species -- llomantis ginsburgae\nResearchers at The Cleveland Museum of Natural History on Wednesday said\nthey were deeming a new species as the llomantis ginsburgae,\nnamed after Ginsburg because of her \"relentless fight for gender equality\" and out of \"appreciation\" of her jabots, the neck accessories that she frequently dons.\nThe insects' neck plates are similar to them, the authors said.\nGinsburg was the second ever women nominated to the court, and she is one of three serving today.\nThe new species was identified primarily by comparing distinctive qualities of female genitalia, which is largely uncommon, Sydney Brannoch, one of the researchers, said in a video explaining the discovery.\n\"As a feminist biologist, I often questioned why female specimens weren't used to diagnose most species,\" Brannoch said in a statement. \"It is my hope that our work not only sets a precedent in taxonomy but also underscores the need for scientists to investigate and equally consider both sexes in other scientific investigations.\"", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Other common names: Col Noir de Valais, Valaisan a col noir, Walliser Schwarzhals, Schwarzweisse Walliser Sattelziege, Vallesana del collo nero, Vallese, Chevre des Glaciers, Valais Blackthroat.\nThe origins are uncertain. Today it is considered native to the border between South Novarese (Piedmont) and the Swiss canton of Valais, where the race is very raised. In Italy it is grown in mountainous areas of the province of Verbania and Vercelli (Piedmont).\nHeight at the withers:\n- Male: 75-85 cm\n- Female: 70-80 cm\n- Male: 75 kg\n- Female: 55 kg\nThey have long, wavy hair and arched, medium length horns. The Valais Blackneck gets its name from its striking coloration. While the goat's body is white from the shoulders back, the head and neck and occasionally the front legs are solid black. The line between the two colors is well defined and impressive. Although Valais Blackneck Goats will produce about 500 kilograms of milk in a 210-day lactation, they are more often used for meat production. The carcass is nicely lean and the muscling is moderately thick.\nMale of Vallesana (photo Licia Rotondi)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Last but not least, the figure for ‘Capacity [kWh]’ must be interpreted as the practically usable capacity, which is not necessarily the same as the purchased capacity.\nTraditional storage technologies do generally not allow full charge/discharge between 0% and 100% without compromising the system’s lifetime. In other words, if a traditional battery would be used between 0% and 100%, then its lifetime will be dramatically shortened.\nIn battery specifications, this phenomenon is referred to as ‘Depth of Discharge’ or DoD [%], describing the maximum allowed charge and discharge level. Following graph shows the relation between DoD and Lifetime of traditional storage systems.\nSource: Levelised cost of storage: A better way to compare battery value by JOHN RODRIGUEZ on MAY 23, 2017, in USEFUL SOLAR TOOLS AND RESOURCES, BATTERIES & ENERGY STORAGE", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Calibrating images is essential to make sense of measurements in an image. This article takes the user through the process of applying spatial and temporal calibrations to an image set.\nCalibrations in image analysis come in two forms: Spatial and Temporal.\nSpatial calibrations are needed to know how large things are in X,Y and Z, and Temporal calibrations are needed to know how fast things move through time.\nTo set the Pixel calibration we go to Data> Pixel Size\nHere the user can set the width of pixels in each of the X ,Y and Z dimensions independently.\nRemember to put in units or the offending field will be highlighted in red to show that it is missing information.\nNote that, as of arivis Vision4D 3.3, it is possible to add calibrations to every set in a batch simultaneously by selecting them from the Image Set drop-down list.\nSetting the temporal calibration is done through the Info Viewer.\nIn the Info Viewer, click on Edit at the end of the Number of Sets field.\nRight-click on any time point and select the option to Set Time Interval...\nEnter the desired time interval.\nNote that the time interval is assumed to be the same for every time point. Also, if the specific time is important (e.g. FRAP experiments), it can be set for any of the time points by right-clicking on that time point and setting the date and time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An ambitious European research project funded through the European Union H2020 scheme and aimed at finding a new treatment for ALS (motor neurone disease, MND) is testing a molecule that occurs naturally in our bodies and helps to regulate our immune system.\nIn May, MIROCALS -MODIFYING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND OUTCOMS IN ALS- was awarded €5.98 million by the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, under the EU Horizon 2020 Scheme. Additional support for the Clinical Centres has been awarded by the French Health Ministry Programme de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) in France and is under consideration by the MND Association in the UK.\nCurrently, a low dose of the molecule, interleukin-2 (IL-2), is being developed for the treatment of conditions affecting the immune system, including diabetes, arthritis, liver disease, and the complications of treating leukaemia and other cancers with stem cells. While IL-2 has been used for many years at high dose to treat cancer, it is much safer – but still effective – when used at low doses in these immune disorders, as it can damp down harmful immune responses.“Our main objective is to achieve a breakthrough in the treatment of MND by significantly slowing the progress of the disease through a low dose of IL-2,” says Dr Gilbert Bensimon, University Hospital, Nimes, France, who is Coordinator and project leader of MIROCALS.To date, only one drug – riluzole – has been shown to slow the advance of MND, but its impact on the quality of life of people with the illness is marginal. Many other drugs have been tested but have failed.\nProfessor Nigel Leigh, co-lead and chief investigator for the clinical trial, of Brighton and Sussex Medical School, says: “We are delighted to be collaborating with world-leading research groups in biomarker development, immunology, genetics and gene expression on this project. This collaboration will allow us to research a number of factors that may affect MND. Taken together, these analyses should allow us to ‘individualise’ responses to treatment that may be revealed during the study.”The research is being undertaken by a partnership between leading medical researchers in France, UK, Italy, and Sweden, the Motor Neurone Disease Association of England Wales and Northern Ireland, and the pharmaceutical industry.\nOther novel features of the MIROCALS study include:\n- incorporation of ‘biomarkers’ to monitor the activity of the disease, the state of the immune system, and their responses to low-dose IL-2\n- inclusion of people newly diagnosed with MND. This means that researchers can monitor treatment from an early stage in the evolution of the disease and maximise the potential to detect benefit from low dose IL-2\n- study of complex genetic factors that may contribute to the response to treatment with riluzole and/or low dose IL-2.\nProject planning will start in September this year and researchers intend to recruit the first patients into the trial by September 2016. They aim to complete the study in 2019. In the meantime, the team is working on the essential groundwork for MIROCALS, including a small pilot study in France. Professor Leigh adds: “In addition to developing a new treatment for MND, MIROCALS aims to provide a new approach to clinical trials to break the impasse in developing new treatments for progressive disorders that include MND, dementia and Parkinson’s disease.\nAbout The MIROCALS Consortium\n- The MIROCALS Consortium is led by Dr Gilbert Bensimon (project coordinator) of The Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France (trial sponsor) and Professor Nigel Leigh (Chief Investigator of the clinical trial) of Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Universities of Brighton and Sussex, Brighton, UK.\n- The strong partnership brings together a France-based technology transfer company, Inserm-Transfert, for the management of the project, with an Irish-based Clinical Research Organisation, ICON plc, which has wide experience in international clinical trials. ICON plc will be responsible for monitoring of the trial to the high standards required by the regulatory agencies in Europe.\n- The MND Association will have a vitally important role in communicating with people affected by MND/ALS, disseminating information about the trial, and advising on ethical aspects of the study.\n- The scientific contributors include leading scientists and clinicians from six cutting-edge European laboratories. Dr Cecilia Garlanda, Dr Massimo Locati (Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Italy) and Dr Timothy Tree (King’s College London, UK) will lead investigations into immunological aspects of the project, while work on brain biomarkers for monitoring disease progression will be headed by Professor Henrik Zetterberg (Goeteborgs Universitet, Sweden) and Dr Andrea Malaspina (Queen Mary University of London). The investigation of gene expression is coordinated by Professor Dame Pamela Shaw and Dr Janine Kirby (University Of Sheffield, UK) and gene sequencing studies by Professor Ammar Al-Chalabi (King’s College London, UK). Dr Safaa Saker (Généthon, Paris) will oversee the biobank for MIROCALS.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|on the spur of the moment||If you do something on the spur of the moment, you do it as soon as you think of it, spontaneously, without any planning.\nHe decided on the spur of the moment to buy flowers for his wife.\n|square deal||A transaction that is fair and honest, or an equitable arrangement, is called a square deal.\nWe've used the same supplier for years and we always get a square deal.\n|square meal||When people talk about a square meal, they mean a substantial and satisfying meal.\nI don't need a fancy restaurant, just a place where I can get a square meal.\n|square peg in a round hole||To say that a person is a square peg in a round hole means that they are not suitable for the job they are doing or the situation they are in.\nHe was a bad choice for the job - a square peg in a round hole.\n|stab in the back||If someone stabs you in the back, they betray you by doing something harmful to you when you thought you could trust them.\nHis best friend stabbed him in the back by voting against him.\n|at stake||Someone who has a lot at stake is in a risky situation, with a lot to be won or lost.\nHe was nervous about signing the agreement because there was a lot at stake.\n|stand on ceremony||When people stand on ceremony, they behave in a very formal way.\nWe'd be delighted to come and see you but please don't stand on ceremony.\n|stand on own two feet||If you stand on your own two feet, you are independent and need no help from anyone.\nWhen young people leave home, they learn to stand on their own two feet.\n|stand one's ground||If you stand your ground you maintain your position and refuse to yield or give way.\nHe claimed innocence and stood his ground in spite of the repeated accusations.\n|stand in good stead||To say that a skill, an ability or previous experience will stand you in good stead means that it will be beneficial to you iin the future.\nBeing able to speak another language will stand you in good stead when looking for a job.\n|stand the test of time||If something stands the test of time, people continue to find it valuable or useful after many years.\nThe teaching method has stood the test of time. It is still used in schools today.\n|stand up for||When you defend or support a person, a belief or an idea, you stand up for them.\nA growing number of citizens are standing up for the victims of discrimination.\n|stark raving mad||To say that someone is stark raving mad means that they are completely crazy.\nYou're stark raving mad to go sailing in this weather.\n|stars in one's eyes||If someone has stars in their eyes, they are looking extremely happy.\nShe had stars in her eyes when she saw the car she had won.\n|starter marriage||A starter marriage is a short-lived first marriage that ends in divorce with no kids, no property and no regrets.|\nعدد زيارات الموقع", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.\nOxygen isotopes provide fundamental evidence about the earths previous climates. They can be used to reconstruct past sea levels, ice quantity, and marine temperatures. Oxygen isotopes can vary substantially according to location due to a number of factors. This variation in the oxygen isotopes can be seen in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea which both illustrate two contrasting examples. The northern area of the Bay of Bengal has high influxes of freshwater and the result is a depleted 18O ratio and the southern region of the Arabian Sea is affected by poor circulation of the water body which results in more depleted 18O ratio. Interglacial events have also affected these isotopic ratios since long term variation of 16O and 18O are controlled by variations in ice sheet quantity.\nMy area of study will be the region of the Indian Ocean, in particular comparing and contrasting the oxygen compositions of two sub locations; the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.\nThe Arabian Sea is surrounded by India on the east, Pakistan and Iran on the north, the Arabian Peninsula on the west and on the south the north eastern part of Somalia. The surface area of the Arabian Sea is approximately 3,862,000 km2. Indus River is the largest river flowing into the Arabian Sea. There are also two important branches visible on the map, the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden which connect the Persian Gulf and Red sea to the Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal spreads over an area of 2,172,000 km² and is the largest bay in the world with a significant number of large rivers flowing into the bay. The bay is bordered by Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka to the west and Burma and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the east.\nFigure 2: Eurasian, Arabian, African & Indian plates\nThe Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal both share similar geological settings. The two locations both lie on the Indian plate. However the Arabian Sea does tip out towards the west onto the Arabian plate.\nA significant quantity of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere is necessary for isotopic fractionation from physical and chemical processes. The evaporation and condensation of water triggers the fractionation process, which creates lighter and heavier isotopes. Fractionation tends to turn lighter isotopes into vapour and the heavier isotopes into liquid. Temperature is the key driver for fractionation, converting liquid to vapour and vapour to liquid.\nForaminifera also hold key information as they contain calcite shells which precipitate and fractionate oxygen isotopes in sea water. The 18O values in the calcite of the foraminifera can give us composition and temperature of the location at the time the shell was precipitated.\nTemperatureFigure 3: Annual sea surface temperature and salinity in the Indian Ocean\nLooking at figure 3 temperature graph we can see very little variation in sea surface temperature between the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. The temperature ranges around 25.67oC and 29.78oC. The low end of the range falls around the Arabian Sea region and the higher end of the temperature range seems to fall around the Bay of Bengal region.\nFigure 3 salinity graph is a total contrast to the temperature graph with a distinct difference between the two regions. The Bay of Bengal shows the lowest salinity value of 27.33‰ and the Arabian Sea shows the highest salinity value of 39.65‰.\nFigure 4: Water salinity cycle\nThis figure shows that some locations increase salinity and others decrease salinity. Sea surface salinity is controlled by geographic differences. In general locations dominated by precipitation have low sea surface salinity and locations dominated by evaporation have high sea surface salinity. Ocean currents can also alter sea surface salinity.\nFigure 4 portrays what is happening in the two locations. A large amount of evaporation is taking place in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is being inputted by a large quantity of freshwater. However on a million year scale, the data from both locations would show a reasonably constant level of salinity simply because salt has an approximate residence time of 130Ma in seawater.\nDiscussion: Bay of Bengal\nFigure 5: Salinity Vs Latitude; Longitude 85.5E, 86.5E and 87.5E\nFigure 5 shows a dictinct dramataic difference in the level of salinity between the north and the south region of the Bay of Bengal. The south has a high level of salinity and the north has a significantly low salinity level. This is a result of large amounts of fresh water inputed into the Ganges which then is mixed resulting in reduced salinity in the north. Sea water mixing with water from the indian ocean which is of normal salinity is the reason for the high salinity level in the south.\nFigure 6: Temperature Vs Latitude; Longitude 82.5E, 83.5E and 84.5E\nFigure 6 illustrates an overall linear trend line, increasing in temperature as the latitude increases towards the north. Therefore the left side of the graph must be where the Bay of Bengal meets the Indian Ocean as the temperature appears to be lower in consideration to the right side of the graph.\nFigure 7: δ 18O Core-Top & δ 18O LGM Vs Latitude\nFigure 7 clearly shows that δ 18O core-top values in the north of the Bay of Bengal are more depleted in δ 18O than the waters in the south of the Bay. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) took place approximately 20,000 years ago. According to figure 7 plot the LGM was much depleted in the surface sea water in comparison with δ 18O values of today. This can be deduced from the close relationship in trend between the LGM and the more negative core-top values of δ 18O.\nDiscussion: Arabian Sea\nFigure 8: Salinity Vs Latitude\nLooking at figure 8 we can see that the Arabian Sea has the lowest salinity levels in the south and gradually increases towards the north. This may be a result of the high levels of evaporation in this region.\nFigure 9: Sea Surface Temperature (Present) Vs Latitude\nFigure 9 indicates overall temperature decreases towards the north of the Arabian Sea, which is in contrast to the temperatures in the Bay of Bengal. From latitude 20 there seems to be an irregular rise in sea surface temperature. The highest Temperature on the graph is in the south.\nFigure 10: δ 18O Core-Top Vs latitude\nFigure 10 emphasises the earlier differences we distinguished between δ 18O values in the Arabian Sea and the δ 18O values in the Bay of Bengal. The planktonic foraminifera in the Arabian Sea show further depletion of δ 18O as you move south and less depletion of δ 18O towards the northern region of the Arabian Sea.\nThe δ 18O data taken from the planktonic foraminifera in the Bay of Bengal suggest that δ 18O is more depleted in the northern regions than the southern regions. The salinity data clearly show that salinity levels are higher in the southern regions than the northern which is mainly a result of a significant level of freshwater being inputted by the Ganges and other major rivers. Isotopic fractionation causes δ 18O to become more depleted in freshwater as evaporation takes place, therefore to suggest that the low level of salinity in the Bay of Bengal is due to the freshwater input is perfectly reasonable.\nWhat was very noticeable to me was that generally the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea seem to be doing the opposite to each other. The present day δ 18O values in the Arabian Sea show that the surface sea water is more depleted in the south than the north and salinity is higher in the north than the south which may have been caused by a higher evaporation rate in this region. I can also distinguish that δ 18O concentration were higher in the north than the south. This may be due to the north having shallower seas therefore being unable to circulate water as well as the open deeper seas.\nLooking at the LGM and the δ 18O of planktonic foraminifera in the Bay of Bengal, it is clear that δ18O of planktonic foraminifera is more depleted than the LGM which may be due to the vast amounts of ice during the LGM. Ice is highly depleted in δ18O so during periods of interglacial periods this ice must have released δ 18O into the sea, causing the sea to have a higher concentration of δ 18O.\nSea water compositions can be effected by varying oxygen isotopes. This variation in the oxygen isotopes is dependent on a number of factors, one key factor being temperature. The influx of high levels of fresh water has caused the Bay of Bengal to become less depleted in δ 18O and to have a reduced salinity level. This was the case generally in the northern regions in the Bay of Bengal. The poor sea water circulation has caused the Arabian Sea to have higher concentrations of δ 18O and lower levels of δ 16O; whereas the high level of evaporation has caused a depleted δ 16O and the ice acts as a reservoir storing this δ 16O. The δ 18O isotopic values of the Planktonic foraminifera show evidence of interglacial periods which have effected isotopic composition of the seawater. There is clear evidence that δ 18O levels were higher during this period than today, as a result evaporation has taken place which has produced freshwater with depleted δ 18O ratios.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In a recent report from the World Wildlife Fund Mexico, scientists noted a 26% decrease in monarch butterfly overwintering population numbers in southern overwintering sites. It is estimated that 6 hectares of hibernating monarchs are required to maintain a sustainable eastern monarch population. This report revealed that monarchs occupied only 2.10 hectares, compared to 2019 data of 2.83 occupied hectares. Scientists attribute this to the degradation of habitat in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and monarch breeding grounds throughout the central United States.\nThis news comes soon after the announcement of devastatingly low western monarch numbers. Researchers, industry partners, and advocacy groups are calling for a coordinated transnational effort to protect and support the monarch butterfly migration. They assert that Canada, the United States, and Mexico must work together if we hope to slow the dramatic losses seen in recent years. Through habitat investment monarch advocates aim to engage everyone in conservation practices. From individuals with small residential outdoor spaces to large land management operations like those of farmers and ranchers, there exist a wide range of interventions available for habitat restoration.\nFarmers for Monarchs works to provide tools and resources necessary for this “All hands on Deck” approach. Visit our State Resources page to get the information you need to establish habitat on your land.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Epithelial tissue is a type of animal tissue that line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs in the body. Epithelial tissue originates from the ectoderm. All glands in our body are made of epithelial cells. Epithelial tissue cells are tightly packed and form a continuous sheet. They have no intercellular spaces between them. The shape of the cells depends on the location and function of the tissue.\nThey are classified as- Simple squamous epithelium, Stratified squamous epithelium, Columnar epithelium, and Cubodial epithelium.\n1. Simple squamous epithelium- They are a single layer of thin flat, plate like cells. This type of epithelium is permeable and occurs where molecules can cross the membrane either via filtration or diffusion. Tongue, esophagus and the lining of the mouth are made up of squamous epithelium. It protects the underlying parts of body from mechanical injury, germs, and from drying.\n2. Stratified squamous epithelium- it consists of squamous epithelial cells arranged in layers that protect from wear and tear. They lack intercellular spaces and are found in areas in body that are subject to constant abrasion. It forms the outermost layer of the skin and the inner lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina.\n3. Columnar epithelium are of two types, ciliated and non-ciliated. They are uni-layered. They line organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small and large intestine and also the uterus. Ciliated epithelium helps the movement of ova in the fallopian tubes and the movement of mucus in the respiratory tract.\n4. Cuboidal epithelium- They consists of single layers of cells that are equally tall and wide. They perform secretion and absorption and are found in the small collecting ducts of the kidneys, pancreas, and salivary glands.\n5. Glandular epithelium- Epithelial cells that acquire properties of gland cells to secrete substances at the surface of the epithelial tissues are known as glandular epithelium. These substances are water based fluids and contain proteins.\nRate this question :", "label": "No"}
{"text": "by Staff Writers\nChampaign, Ill. (UPI) Aug 21, 2012\nAn ancient skull discovered in a cave in northern Laos' mountains is the oldest modern human fossil found in Southeast Asia, researchers say.\nThe find in the Annamite Mountains means modern human migrations through the area occurred as much as 20,000 earlier than previously believed, they said.\nThe newly found skull, which dates to between 46,000 and 63,000 years old, is evidence ancient wanderers out of Africa left the coastal regions of Southeast Asia and inhabited diverse habitats much earlier than previously thought, University of Illinois anthropologist Laura Shackelford said.\n\"There are other modern human fossils in China or in Island Southeast Asia that may be around the same age but they either are not well dated or they do not show definitively modern human features,\" said Shackelford, who led the study with anthropologist Fabrice Demeter of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris.\n\"This skull is very well dated and shows very conclusive modern human features.\"\nIt reveals early modern humans did not confine their migrations to the coast and go directly south to the islands of Southeast Asia and Australia, as some scientists have surmised; they also traveled north into very different types of terrain, Shackelford said.\n\"Given its age, fossils in this vicinity could be direct ancestors of the first migrants to Australia,\" she said. \"But it is also likely that mainland Southeast Asia was a crossroads leading to multiple migratory paths.\"\nAll About Human Beings and How We Got To Be Here\nComment on this article via your Facebook, Yahoo, AOL, Hotmail login.\nOld skull bone rediscovered\nZurich, Switzerland (SPX) Aug 17, 2012\nAlthough clearly discernible in the embryo, shortly afterwards it fuses with other bones beyond recognition. Consequently, researchers have often missed it. Now, however, paleontologists from the University of Zurich have rediscovered it: the \"os interparietale\", a skull bone also referred to as the interparietal. Using imaging methods, they were able to detect its presence in all mammals - incl ... read more\n|The content herein, unless otherwise known to be public domain, are Copyright 1995-2012 - Space Media Network. AFP, UPI and IANS news wire stories are copyright Agence France-Presse, United Press International and Indo-Asia News Service. ESA Portal Reports are copyright European Space Agency. All NASA sourced material is public domain. Additional copyrights may apply in whole or part to other bona fide parties. Advertising does not imply endorsement,agreement or approval of any opinions, statements or information provided by Space Media Network on any Web page published or hosted by Space Media Network. Privacy Statement|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Limousin Cattle: Identifying and Improving Carcase Traits in Limousin Cattle04 March 2014\nA call has gone out to owners of commercial Limousin sires to partake in a ground breaking four year study looking at how genetics influences carcase traits and can be turned into more of an exact science.\nIn 2011, the British Limousin Cattle Society (BLCS) joined forces with ABP (Anglo Beef Processors) and SRUC (Scotland’s Rural College (formerly SAC)) to embark on a ground-breaking four-year project exploring the use of the latest genetic and imaging technologies to improve carcase traits in Limousin cattle.\nIt is a £1.5 million initiative, funded by the Government’s Technology Strategy Board (TSB), writes the BLCS.\nThe aim of the project is to understand the influence of genetics on carcase traits, to establish reliable methods of recording data and produce breeding values that identify breeding animals with superior genetic merit for up to nine new carcase traits.\nTo achieve this Video Imaging Analysis (VIA) results of carcases are combined with genomic information from DNA, says the BLCS.\nThis builds up a ‘SNP Key’ for the breed, which producers can compare their live animals’ DNA against and identify their breeding merit for the nine new traits.\nThis is the first use of this exciting new technology in the beef sector in the UK and means breeding merit for a range of carcase cuts can be identified at a very early stage in an animal’s life, with a far greater degree of accuracy than at present.\n2014 – Progress to Date\nHeritabilities have been estimated for the carcase traits for Limousin. These have been found to be moderate to strong, which means genetic selection is possible and will influence performance.\nThe first Limousin EBVs have been produced for the carcase traits. As more data accumulates these will be refined and published in 2015.\nProgress Yielding Exciting Results\nA study of the data collected by the project so far examined progeny results from 30 different Limousin sires. The difference in retail value between the best and the worst sire was £463 per calf. The new breeding values that result from this project will identify the animals that can produce this added value, which has clear benefit for all sectors in the supply chain.\nTo view this information in greater detail in a series of short factsheets, click here.\nThe larger part of 2014 is being devoted to obtaining DNA samples from live animals to ‘cross reference’ with the slaughter data as it accumulates and build the SNP key. Some animals we require samples from have previously been sold to commercial producers and we would like to know their whereabouts.\nWe also require to purchase semen from a range of AI bulls for higher-level sequencing analysis. The list can be viewed here. If you have straws to sell (or donate), please get in touch.\nAll contributing breeders will be kept informed of the project’s progress as it nears completion in 2015 and all sampled animals will be amongst the first in the UK to receive genomic breeding values for the new carcase traits.\nBeyond DNA sampling, throughout the course of the year, more VIA machines are to be installed in abattoirs across the UK to increase the volume of data used to create the SNP key.\nAs we progress in to 2015, it is planned that the nine new EBVs will be integrated in to the Limousin evaluation for publication, with the first genomic breeding values (GEBVs) – those augmented by the addition of DNA information – becoming available towards the latter part of 2015. At this point, Limousin breeders will be able to genotype their animals at birth and receive the GEBV for each of the nine VIA carcase traits. Identifying the high performers so early in life with greater degrees of accuracy than before will be incredibly valuable to breeders and commercial Limousin buyers when making their breeding and management decisions.\nFor more information on the Limousin carcase traits project, please click here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tuesday is Election Day in the United States. Voters across the country will go to the polls for what are called “midterm elections,” and they’ll choose thousands of public officials from members of Congress all the way down to school board members and town councilors.\nAmerican elections are different from those in many other democracies, and their rules and customs are often baffling. Here are some answers to readers’ questions about how the 2018 midterms work.\nWhat exactly are midterm elections?\nIn the most literal sense, midterm elections are exactly what their name suggests: the elections that take place halfway through a president’s four-year term. That covers a huge range of contests, from congressional seats all the way down to small-town mayoral races and county sheriffs.\nU.S. congressional elections, which take place every two years, are the most high-profile contests. In the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, all 435 seats are contested every time. In the Senate, the upper chamber, senators’ six-year terms are staggered so that roughly one-third of them are up for election each time. This year, 35 of the 100 Senate seats are up for grabs. All of these term lengths and election dates are set by the U.S. Constitution.\nWhen people refer to midterm elections, those congressional votes are usually what they’re thinking of. They offer voters their biggest opportunity in between presidential elections to weigh in on a president’s performance and shift the balance of power if they’re unsatisfied.\nThere are also thousands of other races taking place across the country. A majority of U.S. states — 36 of 50 — will hold elections for governor this year, and the vast majority of state legislatures have elections as well. In many places, voters will also choose judges, sheriffs, mayors and any number of other local officials. All of these elections are governed by state and local laws, not the U.S. Constitution.\nState and local races often go relatively unnoticed, even within the United States itself. But governors and state lawmakers wield considerable power, as can big-city mayors. The laws they create for their residents can vary greatly from place to place and sometimes serve as test cases for various policies.\nPerhaps even more critically, most states put their legislatures in charge of redrawing the boundaries of the state’s congressional districts (more on that later). This year’s elections will determine which party controls many of those legislatures — and the governors who can approve or veto them — when the process next takes place, in 2020. At every level of American government, the effects of midterm elections can last for years.\nWhich elections are the most important to watch? We’ll start with the House of Representatives.\nWhile there are certainly some compelling individual races to watch, the easiest way to keep track of things is probably by looking at the “generic ballot.” This is when pollsters simply ask voters whether they prefer Democrats or Republicans to win control of Congress.\nUnlike in many democracies, that number has no effect on any actual races in the United States. But it is an important indicator of which party is likely to come out on top: A party that leads the generic ballot by eight percentage points, as Democrats do at the moment, won’t get exactly 8 percent more seats, but it’s still probably going to win more than the other side overall.\nIf voters heavily favor Republicans, for example, many districts that normally have a small or moderate advantage for Democrats will suddenly be vulnerable or vice versa. If you hear people talk about a “wave election,” as they have this year, that’s what they’re talking about — the fact that many more elections are competitive than normal because of the political mood.\nAll of this means that Democrats are the large favorites to win back the House: The news website FiveThirtyEight estimates that they have a roughly 85 percent chance of having the majority of seats come November. But, as was the case in 2016, that still means Republicans have paths to victory as well.\nWhat about the Senate?\nOnly a third of the Senate comes up for reelection at a time, which means that the major political swings that can cause big shifts in the House are rare in the upper chamber.\nInstead, control of the Senate is usually determined simply by which states happen to be electing senators that year. If elections are up in more reliably Democratic states, Democrats will probably have a good year and vice versa. This year, the map favors Republicans by a large margin: Democrats must defend 26 of the 35 seats up for election, many of which are in states that voted for Donald Trump in 2016. Republicans can focus on winning back seats from Democrats in favorable places rather than trying to shore up their own senators.\nSo while Democrats would have to make a net gain of just two seats to control the Senate, which is split 51 to 49 in the Republicans’ favor, their path to do so is much harder. As Post political reporter Amber Phillips wrote in September, “Democrats will have to have a near-perfect run” of the toughest races. Here are her three most critical ones to watch:\nNorth Dakota: Sen. Heidi Heitkamp is the most likely Democrat to fall. In a heavily Republican state, she is extremely vulnerable to losing her seat — perhaps especially after she voted against the confirmation of controversial Supreme Court nominee Brett M. Kavanaugh. Recent polls have shown Heitkamp trailing significantly. If she loses, it will be a big blow to Democrats’ chances of regaining the Senate.\nNevada: This is the Democrats’ best opportunity to take a seat from Republicans. Nevada has voted for Democrats in the past three presidential races, and a Democrat won the open Senate seat that was up for election in 2016. Nevada’s population is also more than a quarter Latino, and pro-Democratic labor unions play a major role in the state’s politics. Right now, the race is nearly an even toss-up, with Republican Sen. Dean Heller perhaps slightly favored.\nIndiana: This is another place where Democrats need one of their senators to hang on in a Republican state. Sen. Joe Donnelly appears in better shape than his counterpart in North Dakota: Polls give him an advantage. If he loses, it could be a sign that Republicans are going to have a better night than forecasters anticipated.\nHow will the results of the midterms affect Trump?\nWhen people ask this question, they’re probably really asking about one thing: impeachment. But while impeaching Trump is a rallying cry for his harshest critics — and, according to polling, is surprisingly popular in general — it’s unlikely to happen.\nImpeachment is actually a two-step process, laid out in the U.S. Constitution. First, the House of Representatives considers the accusations against the president; if it votes in favor of impeachment (it requires just a simple majority), it means that the president has been formally charged. To actually remove him from office, the Senate must then vote to convict him on those charges, which requires a two-thirds majority. Presidents can be impeached without actually being kicked out of the White House, as happened to Bill Clinton in 1998.\nAll of this would be a possibility only if Democrats controlled both chambers of Congress, which is unlikely. Even if Democrats win both, their leaders seem lukewarm about impeachment; Nancy Pelosi, the top Democrat in the House, has said that impeaching Trump is “not a priority.”\nWhat Democrats could do is launch more serious investigations into Trump’s conduct regarding Russia, his business dealings or any other matter that they believe Republicans have downplayed. That could turn up damaging new evidence, or it could simply dominate the news as Trump gears up for his reelection campaign. No matter what, though, expect gridlock. If a Democratic House and Republican Senate are battling each other, it’s hard to see any major legislation being passed.\nFor many people overseas, the U.S. electoral system appears strange — and seemingly unfair in how it represents the will of voters. Can that system be changed?\nThe question of changing the system usually comes up when people talk about presidential elections. U.S. presidents are elected by an indirect system called the electoral college, not by a simple popular vote. The person who gets the most total votes can still lose the presidency, as Hillary Clinton did.\nThe electoral college plays no role in any other elections, including the ones taking place Tuesday. But, like the rules that govern congressional elections, it’s part of the U.S. Constitution. Changing those rules requires amending the Constitution rather than just passing a new law, and the bar for amendments is high. They have to be approved by two-thirds majorities of both chambers of Congress, and then approved again by at least 38 states (there’s also another way, by calling a new constitutional convention, but it has never happened before).\nWith the country deeply divided, getting two-thirds of either house of Congress to agree on major changes would be virtually impossible. But it’s not just partisanship that makes changes unlikely.\nThe status quo gives smaller states a big advantage. Seats in the House of Representatives are determined by population — the more residents a state has, the larger its share of the 435 seats. But every state gets two Senate seats no matter what. Small states, regardless of partisanship, aren’t likely to back amendments that would reduce their power.\nThere’s more room for experimentation at the state level. States can’t change how they’re represented in Congress, but they can change how their own residents vote. Instead of using the first-past-the-post system — i.e., whoever gets the most votes wins, even if the top candidate doesn’t reach a majority — some states require top-two runoffs so that winners get more than 50 percent of the vote, and Maine uses a different system called instant-runoff voting. In reality, though, most states have laws and constitutions that mimic the national government.\nWhat about those strangely shaped districts? Why do they exist?\nAgain, the answer is (at least partly) in the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution requires that the country take a census every 10 years and that seats in the House of Representatives be divided among the states in proportion to their population. So, once a decade, some states will either gain or lose seats depending on population shifts. The changes are determined automatically according to a mathematical formula.\nBut the Constitution doesn’t say how states should draw up the boundaries of those seats; each one is free to use its own method. Many states let their legislatures do it, which is how you get the infamous practice of “gerrymandering” — creating districts that make little geographical sense to give one party an advantage. The party in power at the start of a decade will obviously try to give itself more seats, either by connecting its own voters to one another in odd ways or by jamming as many opposing voters into the smallest number of seats as possible.\nThose maps may later be challenged in court for being grossly unfair and even redrawn by judges. Partisanship and chaos are common.\nSeveral states have taken steps to change this. California and Arizona have independent commissions that draw up their maps, and lawmakers and public officials are barred from taking part. Three other states have advisory commissions, which draw up recommendations for their legislatures to pass. Four more have appointed committees, where both parties can appoint members to take part. All of these are attempts to make redistricting a little less partisan and a little more fair.\nWhy is so much money spent on elections?\nFederal law sets limits on how much people can donate per year to candidates for federal office (Congress or the presidency), political parties or political action committees — groups that use the money to support candidates. Here’s a list of those limits.\nSo if you want to give directly to the candidate or party of your choice, you can’t give that much. The catch is that there are virtually no restrictions if you want to support a candidate indirectly. The law allows certain kinds of outside groups to accept unlimited amounts of money and use it to advocate for or against a candidate. The most famous kind of those groups are “super PACs,” which have become a way for wealthy donors from both sides to dump money into elections.\nTechnically, those independent groups aren’t allowed to coordinate with the campaigns or parties they support. But the definition of “coordination” is narrow, and super PACs are closely tied to candidates and parties — they’re often run by close associates of candidates or party insiders. The groups find plenty of creative ways to work closely with the people they support\nThese groups are allowed because the Supreme Court considers giving money to political causes a form of speech, which is protected by the First Amendment. The court has loosened the rules on political donations over the years and basically scrapped any limits on those outside groups altogether in 2010.\nBut the amount of money in politics actually isn’t rising constantly. The most expensive election year to date was 2008, and things have declined slightly since then. What’s still on the rise is the amount of money spent by those outside groups and, presumably, the influence of the people who fund them.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Change is coming\nDespite a wet January thus far for a majority of Kansas (Figure 1), that doesn’t exactly imply what is in the future. January typically averages the least amount of precipitation of any month. Therefore, it is easy for one or two storms to skew statistics. While there is also snow on the ground across much of the state as of this writing, the moisture content of the snow is rather low and will translate into only a few tenths of an inch when melted. Currently, forecasts after the first full week of February are suggesting a large pattern change will occur into March. This pattern will be more La Niña-like and conducive to dry frontal passages. In addition, precipitation trends are expected to swing below normal through most of spring, a time of more critical importance for annual moisture totals.\nFigure 1. 30-day departure from normal precipitation. Data available here: mesonet.ksu.edu/precip/daily\nThe pattern transition to warmer and drier with increased frontal passages will coincide with what we typically consider the fire season in Kansas. An increase of fronts typically results in an uptick of Kansas wind events. Most historically large fires (and mega-fires) in the state have occurred with strong frontal systems. In combination with a higher-than-normal fuel load (which has already resulted in a few large fires this winter), this is likely to increase fire concerns through March. Another concern is the current ongoing drought in much of western Kansas. Recent moisture has not offset the current drought and has had little impact on heavier fuel models (timber, cedar, etc.). With forecast models still suggesting drier-than-normal conditions through the spring (Figure 2), these conditions are expected to expand eastward once again.\nFigure 2. Precipitation rate anomalies for March (left) and April (right) via NOAA NMME (https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/NMME/monanom.shtml).\nEnding fire season\nThe duration of fire season is typically dictated by several factors consisting of precipitation, temperature, time of the year, and less wind events. This past year, the fire season never really stopped, with large fires reported every month during the winter. Spring, a time of transition between winter and summer, can almost guarantee strong frontal systems and (usually) the windiest time of the year. We usually focus on precipitation events enhancing grass green-up and preventing fire starts. It may seem promising that in La Niña, there is typically an increase in severe weather with both hail and tornadoes (Figure 3). While an increase in moisture usually occurs with severe weather - it also represents the strength of storm systems. A stronger storm system suggests increased wind potential and resulting wildfire potential enhanced to the west of the thunderstorms. Precipitation timing is critical and if consecutive storm systems can impact the region with widespread moisture mid-to-late March, it could drastically enhance green-up and aid in diminishing wildfire concerns. However, predicting that type of system this far in advance is a challenge. Currently, we are focusing on the increased potential of wind, dry conditions and warmer-than-normal temperatures that will result in increased wildfire potential (Figure 4). It is very likely that these conditions will occur before consecutive wetting rains can occur with green-up and time of the year (late March to early April).\nFigure 3. Frequency of tornadoes (top) and hail (bottom) during El Niño (left) and La Niña (right) via NOAA (https://www.climate.gov/news-features/featured-images/el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-ni%C3%B1a-affect-spring-tornadoes-and-hailstorms).\nFigure 4. Significant wildland fire potential outlook from National Interagency Fire Center Predictive Services (https://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks).\nChristopher “Chip” Redmond - Kansas Mesonet\nMary Knapp - Weather Data Library\nEric Ward - Kansas Forest Service", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Example: \"I'm visiting my mom who lives near research proposal dissertation structure beach that I went to a lot growing up, so I'm going to write about that. After introducing the idea, you should support your idea by giving relevant reflections.\nHow to Develop a Thesis Statement for a Reflective Paper\nSpend a few minutes example of a thesis statement for a reflective essay thinking or re-experiencing your subject. How did this experience relate to my understanding of theology, God or religion?\nA reflective paper, for example, asks the creative writing course requirements to work from a first-person point of view to chronicle the thoughts and feelings he experienced. Check out if you have followed the specific requirements to your reflection paper.\nAn outline of a great reflective essay is laid out for your use below. Was this a good or a bad thing for me?\nWhat does this event mean to me? As an author there are some of the key points that you should have to yourself to come up with good content for your essay: You have to create a link between your writing, yourself and the surrounding.\nHow to Write a Reflective Essay\nAfterward, you may rewrite all weak places and introduce something you might have missed previously. It can be tempting to just jump right into writing, but hold on!\n- English creative writing gcse aqa letter of application as a class teacher\n- The piece should be able to make the student develop psychologically, emotionally and socially.\n- Name the resources you took to complete your task and organize them in accordance with your academic style.\n- Reflective Essay Thesis Statement Examples\n- How to Develop a Thesis Statement for a Reflective Paper | Synonym\nDo not forget to reflect the main ideas of your essay in a thesis statement. I walked along swinging my sandals in one hand. You have to realize that an effective thesis statement is your key to writing a great essay because it will define what your paper is going to look like in general. Professional Teachers, doctors, and social workers often use this type of writing in their training.\nDo not include vague statements. If you cannot write an essay on your own, you are always welcome to order essay writing service and have it written by those who know how to do it well.\nTips on how to start a reflective paper\nDo not write generalizations or information that is already known to the reader. You can also give recommendations on how to handle different situations. Example: \"I picked the questions: What did I notice? You should always strive to present your thesis statement in an understandable format without personal statement graduate school writing ambiguity. In what way did this expand my understanding of my own culture?\nThe introduction An introduction should be a brief description or background story about the topic under discussion.\nHow to Write a Thesis Statement ?\nThis is a reflective essay, which means you can speculate. Finishing a task. The good business plan writers chicago should: Retell the story in other words Highlight the main points Logically conclude the research The end of your reflective paper should be effective.\nAll internship students are required to write an internship example of a thesis statement for a reflective essay paper to make their conclusions about that experience. How to Make an Introduction to a Reflective Essay?\nReflective Essay Writing: Guide to Make a Successful Work Easily\nYou should write the text in first person narration because a reflective essay is more subjective to the writer and therefore the events should have happened in their lives in one way or another. How was my experience of this unique to me? When you answer the question, you will have started to bring out the reflection perspective.\nMake your thesis clear for comprehension as much as you possibly can. Reflect the research proposal dissertation structure with a material that essays writing service have in your mind — a reflection essay is all about comparison of two similar ordeals, so as a writer you should be able to figure out a material that reflects on the topic under discussion.\nWhat skills did I learn?\nTo know that there is always something to look forward to ahead. It could be hypothesis on volcanoes summary of the entire experience, followed by what you learned from it. Consequently, we propose to review the following link — to ease your academic duties; later on, those tips might come to you in handy.\nThe main objective of the topic sentence is to introduce the idea to the reader. Every student has to realize that reflective essay writing is all about personal experience and feelings.\n- How to Write a Reflective Essay With Sample Essays | Owlcation\n- Use This Reflective Essay Outline to Get Your Paper Started\nTeachers benefit from writing about experiences in teaching, and doing case studies of difficult students. Example What did I notice? The main formats that one may be asked to write about are: A reflective essay for personal growth — this essay is usually aimed at assisting students to look into their lives and analyze experiences so that they can improve their future.\nBut those people—that madness—made me thankful for the peace and security of my own home and family and its rules. Why did I have the reaction I did example of a thesis statement for a reflective essay this?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fifteen partners from eight European countries will work for 48 months to ensure technological improvements for better manufacturing and processing practices of plastic materials that currently are not adequately recycled.\nUPLIFT has a dual strategy:\n- manufacturing at pilot scale new renewable eco-polymers specifically designed to ensure easier end-of-life processing;\n- developing industrial scalable enzymatic and microbial degradation processes to selectively depolymerize and upcycle plastic packaging waste materials that are currently considered unrecyclable.\nBio-based building blocks\nKeeping plastic waste in the loop and integrating biobased building blocks, instead of virgin fossil-based monomers, UPLIFT will reduce plastic waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions associated with its production. The project will also look into social aspects, exploring the potential synergies between policymakers, industry, consumers, and recyclers, which are critical in order to change the plastic economy.\nLed by Aalborg University, UPLIFT is formed by Forschungszentrum Julich, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, LundsUniversitet, TECNARO, Bio-M, Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant, Leibniz-InstitutfuerNaturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie – Hans KnoellInstitut, Plastics Technology Centre AIMPLAS, University College Dublin, Bioplastech, Sustainable Innovations, RWTH Aachen and I/S Vestforbrænding.\nThe project has received €7,5 million funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. A theory that defines behavioral attributes as a relatively stable predisposition to behave in a certain way is called_________________ theory.\n2. The goal of trait theorists is to describe a single set of trait dimensions that can describe all ______________.\n3. Raymond Cattell's goal was to develop a system by which an infinite number of different personality types could be described by a finite set of traits. Cattell's theory that included source traits and surface traits was called Cattell's_____________ ________theory.\n4. Hans Eysenck was a German born British psychologist who believed that differences among people in the basic traits depicted by his theory are determined by genetic or ______________ physiological characteristics of the nervous system.\n5. Han's Eysenck extended psychological research so that it also included the study of\n___________________ ______________ and antisocial behaviors such as_______________________ _________________ disorder.\n6. Hans Eysenck divided personalities into four domains, stable and unstable, introverted and ________________.\n7. Fred Gage at Salk Institute was a neuroscientist that discovered two processes that take place in the brain known as ____________________and____________________.\n8. John Bowlby was a researcher that was concerned about what would happen to children if they failed to form a nurturing bond with their caretakers. This theory is referred to as_________________ theory.\nThis solution assists in choosing the best option through discussion and links for further investigation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Technology Supporting Literacy\nBelow are some great academic websites that your child may choose to use to practice skills learned at school. Please be aware that we recommend parental supervision as the websites on the internet can change from time to time. Please remind your child NOT to give away any personal information on any of these or any other website.\nthis website has many opportunities to practice literacy skills\nThis is a great website to practice your child’s weekly spelling words through interactive games such as crossword puzzles, hangman, etc. The computer can even test your child’s spelling by saying the word aloud and having your child type it in.\nClick on ALL games to bring up the game section. Select from language arts (spelling, word recognition, vocabulary, etc) , science, math, geography and history. Great for preschool through 2nd.\nThis site has links to favorite children’s authors.\nThis is a fabulous site for Kinder through second. The game speaks to you and skills such as alphabet, letter sounds, listening for sounds within words, putting words in order to make sentences, poetry, spelling high frequency words (with the computer modeling), etc . The site is color coded from beginner to more advanced.\nChildren’s picture dictionary- the amount of information on this site boggles the mind!\nWebsite teaches about the solar system\nNational Geographic For Kids- video, activities, games and stories\nVariety of games to teach language arts- more intermediate grades\nDoes your child struggle with handwriting? Make practice sheets for home on this site!\nThis site helps your child read stories that have 10 high frequency words in them. They can receive help reading stories with the help of their mouse.\nBeginning letter sounds, short and long vowels\nWord Wizard** A Making Words activity- use tiles to make words and build from one word to make another word.\nActivities from Sadlier-Oxford\n14. **Long Vowel Sounds**\n15. **High Frequency Words**\n16. **Rhyming Words Memory Game**\n17. **Name the Pictures Short Vowels**\n18. **Name the Pictures Long Vowel Sounds A, I, O**\n19. **High Frequency Words** more difficult\n20. **Long Vowels E and U**\n21. **Name the Picture Long Vowel Sounds**\n22. **R-Controlled Vowels**\n23. **R-Controlled Words**\n24. **Blends** Beginning and ending consonant blends\n25. **Beginning Digraphs**\n26. *Final Digraphs\"\n27. **Vowel Digraphs** Vowel digraphs such as oo, ea, au, aw, etc.\n28. **Vowel Dipthongs ou and ow**\n29. **Dipthongs oi, oy, and ew**\n30. **Fly By Contractions**\n31. Make rhyming words with a magnetic poetry board\nOther educational websites you might be interested in to support math:\nThis website allows your child to practice basic math facts (which all children need to become efficient with), allows you to print off worksheets for your child to practice and it gives your child the opportunity to practice telling time.\nThis site allows your child to practice basic math facts (timed if you’d like them to race against the clock to practice getting them in 3 seconds or less) and practice counting money.\nopportunities to practice math\nA great site to practice math, art, science, fun and more (skip the registration and go right to the games)\nAn interactive site to practice math, logic and just have fun! (Anything from fractions, protractors, word problems, flashcards, etc.)\nOn this site your child can play math car racing. There are many math games including one that your child can make change with!! Be sure to click on the 2nd grade skills.\nInteractive website that includes math flash cards, games and printable worksheets to practice math.\nThis site has great online games and puzzles\nMath challenges for the whole family!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Livestock Industry and Global Warming\nA UN report concludes that animal agriculture is responsible for 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions, more than all transportation in the world combined.\nThe most under reported cause of global warming is the livestock industry, which accounts for a minimum of 18 percent of global warming, and, according to more updated information, is possibly responsible for 50 percent or more of the current emissions in the atmosphere.\nLowering emissions by eliminating animal products from your life is one of the fastest, cheapest and most effective methods one can take to not only lower global emissions, but to bring abut rapid planetary cooling.\nEasy to implement. Eating a plant-based diet to lower emissions requires no infrastructure investments, capital investment or government rebates.\nLowers monthly costs. Plant-based diets ends up reducing monthly costs for consumers immediately.\nImproves health, lowers weight. A well planned vegan diet is likely to improve health and result in a reduction in weight.\nCools the planet faster. Reducing emissions through a shift from a meat- and dairy-laden diet will bring about more rapid cooling than a reduction of CO2 emissions through any other option.\nTastes great. As Oprah Winfrey attests, once you learn how to incorporate a vegan diet into your life, the food tastes great, leaving one satisfied and well-nourished.\n“Wow, wow, wow! I never imagined meatless meals could be so satisfying. I had been focused on what I had to give up...\"What's left?\" I thought. Apparently a lot. I can honestly say every meal was a surprise and a delight...” Oprah Winfrey, commenting on her 21 day vegan 'cleanse'\nLivestock’s Long Shadow\nThe livestock group within the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization evaluated the comprehensive environmental damage resulting from raising animals for food and other purposes, concluding the livestock sector is one of the leading causes of environmental degradation on the planet. The report, Livestock’s Long Shadow, states:\n“The livestock sector emerges as one of the top two or three most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. The findings of [Livestock’s Long Shadow] suggest that it should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of land degradation, climate change and air pollution, water shortage and water pollution and loss of biodiversity.\"\n“Livestock’s contribution to environmental problems is on a massive scale...The impact is so significant that it needs to be addressed with urgency.”\nBy using a global warming potential estimate for methane of 23 times that of CO2, the UN concluded that livestock were responsible for 18 percent of total global emissions, more than all transportation in the world, which only produces an estimate of 13 percent of global emissions. However, because this global warming potential estimate is low (link to section below), it is believed that emissions from meat and dairy consumption are significantly higher than the 18 percent estimate of the UN FAO.\nThe researchers determined that livestock are responsible for the creation of 9 percent of human-caused CO2 emissions, 37 percent of human-caused methane emissions, and 67 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions. Animals raised as livestock by humans are the single largest source of human-caused methane and nitrous oxide emissions on the planet.Methane: Hotter than they are leading us to believe.\nThe global warming potential estimate of 23 is misleading and significantly under-estimates the role livestock play in global warming. Methane has an atmospheric lifetime of nine to 15 years, meaning the methane has dissipated out of the atmosphere within that time, leaving behind a residual that still continues to warm the planet.\nFor example, twenty years after a cow belches methane into the atmosphere (and five to 11 years after it’s atmospheric lifetime has ended and the methane has dissipated out of the atmosphere) the methane has a global warming potential of 62 times that of CO2. A hundred years after that cow belched her methane into the atmosphere, that belch is still warming the planet, but its global warming potential has dropped to only 23 times that of CO2.\nThis raises a really powerful question. If the residual methane left in the atmosphere five or more years after the atmospheric lifetime of methane is passed, how hot is methane during its atmospheric lifetime? And what does that say about the need to lower emissions from livestock?\nDuring a September 2008 panel discussion sponsored by Compassion in World Farming in London, Dr. Rajendra Pachauri, head of the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stated that prominent scientists were calling him up and telling him that the emissions from livestock were much, much higher than current estimates. During an interview with Supreme Master Television, Dr. T. Colin Campbell, the nutritional biochemist who led the China Project/Study, stated reputable scientists at the World Bank had indicated to him that livestock emissions make up 50 percent or more of the emissions currently in our atmosphere.The Fastest Way to Cool the Planet\nWith the Earth rapidly approaching and surpassing critical tipping points, halting global warming immediately has become urgent. Right now, government programs and public emissions reduction efforts are focused on lowering our CO2 emissions. This is great, however, because the atmospheric lifetime of CO2 is so much longer than methane, and because its residual global warming potential will still be felt 500 or a 1000 years later, reductions in CO2 emissions are not going to bring about rapid planetary cooling.\nScientists are increasingly telling us that because methane dissipates out of the atmosphere much more quickly than CO2, that lowering methane emissions are the fastest way to bring about planetary cooling. And because animals are the greatest source of methane emissions, the less meat- and dairy we consume, and the more plant-based foods we consume, the quicker the planet will begin to cool.\nThe following reports on the emissions from animals are based upon misleading methane global warming potential estimates around 23 times that of CO2. This means that these reports under estimate the role of meat and dairy consumption on global warming.Eating a plant-based diet reduces more emissions than buying a hybrid car.\nResearchers at the University of Chicago evaluated the emissions throughout the food production chain if one were consuming the average diet and compared it to a diet of equal calories where all the calories were consumed in the form of plant-based foods. They determined that the average meat and dairy consumer was responsible for about 1.5 tonness of emissions per year than a person consuming a purely meat- and dairy-free diet. By comparison, they also calculated that switching from the average car to a Toyota Prius would save only 1 tonne of emissions per year, clearly indicating you will succeed in a significant reduction of your emissions if without spending the money on a new energy-efficient car by just eating more plant-based foods. Concluding that the average American was responsible for 1,485 kg in emissions over a person consuming a plant-based diet.\nPlant-based eating reduces 7 times more emissions than eating local foods.\nMost people promoting “locavore”or local eating evaluate only the transportation emissions. However, transportation emissions are actually only a small portion of the overall emissions created in the food production process. A study done at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania, USA evaluated the emissions produced throughout the production lifecycle of food in the US diet, concluding that only 11% of emissions come from transportation. Agricultural and industrial practices account for the remaining 83% of emissions from the American diet. The Carnegie Mellon Researchers found that emissions from animal products were responsible for 58% of the emissions in the American diet, and that by going vegan just one day per week, more emissions would be saved then by eating locally all year long.94 % of dietary emissions are reduced by switching to an organic, plant-based diet\nSwitching from a conventionally-raised, meat- and dairy-based diet to an organic plant-based diet reduces the emissions from your diet by 94 percent. Research by Foodwatch in Germany became the first to comprehensively measure greenhouse gas emissions from various dietary choices, including conventional vs. organic farming.\nThe average meat eater consuming traditionally-farmed foods with herbicides and pesticides is responsible for the carbon dioxide emissions-equivalent of driving 4,758 kilometers each year.\nEating organic, sustainably-raised meats, dairy and produce will reduce emissions 8 percent to 4,377 kilometers.\nEating a vegetarian diet, including dairy products, reduces emissions by about half, to the equivalent of driving 2,427 kilometers each year.\nEating an organic vegetarian diet reduces the emissions an additional 18.5 percent to the equivalent of driving 1,978 kilometers.\nA conventionally-grown vegan diet (vegetarian with no dairy or eggs) reduces emissions to the equivalent of driving 629 kilometers each year.\nAn organic vegan diet, which creates the equivalent carbon footprint of driving 281 kilometers, or 6.4 percent of the emissions of an organic omnivore and 5.9 percent of the emissions created by an omnivore eating non-organic foods.\nClick here to view\nPrice of Meat\nMeat The Facts\nFriends of the Earth\nUnited Nations FAO\nDiet, Energy, & Global Warming\nAnswering the sceptics\nSea Shepard Conservation Society\nUN News Centre\nScience Daily: Poison ice\nTime: Health and Science\nGreen Peace Reports\nVegan: The New Ethics of Eating by Erik Marcus\nThe Food Revolution by John Robbins\nHealthy at 100 by John Robbins\nA Delicate Balance (film)\nMeat The Truth (film)\nThe 11th Hour - Narrated by Leonardo DiCaprio (film)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Some research suggests that young children may be relatively more susceptible to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) than adults, and that the unique noise footprint associated with military jet aircraft is particularly damaging to hearing. This pilot study looked for evidence of NIHL in adults who have been exposed to military jet noise in early childhood, while living in Married Quarters on active RAF fast jet stations. Many Married Quarters lie within 70 dB(A) Leq contours, fewer in 83 dB(A) Leq contours. A cross-sectional pilot study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that military jet noise exposure early in life is associated with raised hearing thresholds.\nKeywords: jet noise, military, hearing loss, childhood, environmental exposure\n|How to cite this article:|\nLudlow B, Sixsmith K. Long term effects of military jet aircraft noise exposure during childhood on hearing threshold levels. Noise Health 1999;2:33-9\n|How to cite this URL:|\nLudlow B, Sixsmith K. Long term effects of military jet aircraft noise exposure during childhood on hearing threshold levels. Noise Health [serial online] 1999 [cited 2017 Jan 19];2:33-9. Available from: http://www.noiseandhealth.org/text.asp?1999/2/5/33/31730\n| Introduction|| |\nIt has been suggested that children, as a vulnerable group, are more susceptible to hearing damage in their childhood. In addition, military jet aircraft noise has been cited as a probable cause of hearing damage, in particular by its unique footprint, potentially a more damaging type of noise than other transport noise sources.\nClearly, these contentions beg the question:\n'Is jet noise that different from other noise in its effects?'\nObviously there may be differences in effect linked to rise time, duration and total energy - all subjects of further research. However, if jet noise per-se is particularly harmful, one would expect to be able to find evidence of 'damage' - threshold shift - in identified adults who were known to be exposed to jet noise in childhood.\nThus the hypothesis that 'exposure to jet noise causes threshold shift' was considered. It was assumed that a significant proportion of RAF recruits would be the children of RAF staff, hence lived in RAF quarters near airfields during their childhood, hence been exposed to jet noise for some time whilst growing up. We accepted that the exact jet noise exposure dose for each subject would be difficult to quantify, and that the sound footprint would be more akin to 'airport' noise than 'overflight' noise. Some overflights may have been experienced by the subjects for from time to time military aircrew practice overshoots and display sequences at their parent airbase. Notwithstanding, it was likely that the children would have lived within a 70dB(A) Laeq contour, some may have lived within an 83dB(A) contour and we had access to archived noise footprints to confirm that some military quarters fell within these noise contours.\nA pilot study was undertaken to compare a group of recruits who were the progeny of RAF staff and had probable childhood exposure to RAF jet noise with a larger control group of recruits who were not so exposed. This paper reviews the preliminary results.\nOther field studies (Green et al, 1982; Wu et al, 1995) which do not suffer from the influence of extraneous variables find no significant threshold shifts in children living with airport noise. Fisch (1981) notes that although his study of children living around the UK's Heathrow airport found no evidence of NIHL, 5% of children display low levels of sensory-neural hearing loss at any one time, of which only a tiny proportion is likely to be noise induced. Classic NIHL is characterized by a dip at 4 kHz; any other pattern of hearing loss is likely to be congenital. However, we believe this to be the first study to look at the effects of MILITARY aircraft noise closest to air bases.\n| Method|| |\nThe participants were 153 Royal Air Force noncommissioned air and ground crew aged between 16 and 25 years. All had less than 12 month's service and were posted to general service or specialist training wings at the time of the study. Forty-eight were the children of RAF personnel and had lived in married quarters or other residential areas on or very near to stations where fast jet squadrons were based. These participants formed the jet noise exposed group. The remaining 105 participants acted as controls.\nA further 8 jet noise exposed and 18 control participants were identified, but did not complete the full procedure or were deemed unsuitable. [Table - 1] gives reasons for their exclusion.\nThe selection of participants was not randomized. Instead, all recruit intakes between mid April and late June 1997 were canvassed for suitable jet noise exposed participants.\nMaterials and Procedure\nn enlistment into the RAF, all noncommissioned entrants undertake general service training. At the recruit training squadron, a full air-conduction audiogram is recorded in the frequency range 0.5 8 kHz and is noted on the recruit's medical file. Audiograms are recorded using a bank of ten Graystad Microlab 10 audiometers using TDH-39 type earphones, operated by RAF medical officers. These records formed the basis for the current study.\nParticipants read and signed an information sheet explaining the rationale and procedure of this study, as required by the RAF Clinical Research Committee (1995). They then completed a questionnaire asking for details of the participant's age on RAF entry, gender, level of education, parental occupation, places of residence before age 16 years, auditory health and regular exposure to leisure or industrial noise.\n| Results|| |\nThe exposed and control groups were equivalent in age, participation in noisy activities, levels of education's, duration of service with the RAF and reported hearing disorders see [Table - 2].\nThe age of participants in both groups had a mean of 20 years. The exposed group was comprised of proportionally more female recruits (29.2%) than the control groups (19.0%), although this difference was not statistically significant as measured by a Chi squared (Chi 2 ) test. There was little variation in educational standards, as the majority of participants in both groups were educated to a least GCSE or A-level standard (exposed group 93.8%, control group 91.4%). The proportions of participants within this educational range did vary between groups, with relatively more control group trainees declaring A-level standard. All but two participants held the entry rank of Aircraftman/woman (AC) at the time they were surveyed.\nOn all five measures of participation in noisy activities, the control group were marginally more likely to have reported regular exposure to leisure or industrial noise. This may reflect the relatively higher proportion of male recruits in the control group over the exposed group, especially with reference to industrial noise. All differences were statistically non-significant as measured by Chi  tests.\n[Table - 3] shows the medians, means and standard deviations of the left-right average hearing threshold levels for each group. At all frequencies the medians show that the exposed group had lower, or equivalent hearing thresholds to the control group. This may reflect the slightly higher proportion of males and more participation in noisy activities in the control group over the exposed group. When the mean is taken as the measure of central tendency, the pattern is maintained except at 1 kHz where the exposed group mean is slightly lower.\nWilcoxon rank sum tests revealed no significant differences in audiometric test results between the two groups at frequencies 2-8 kHz. The medians for test frequencies implicated in noiseinduced hearing loss (generally, 3-6 kHz) showed that the two groups were very similar, the only difference being at 4 kHz where the control group displayed a threshold 5 dB higher than the exposed group.\n[Table - 4] presents audiogram data by group and gender. From this it can be seen that the general patterns of hearing threshold shifts described above are preserved. Both male and female control group participants tend towards slightly raised mean hearing threshold levels at higher frequencies compared to exposed group participants.\nSpearman's rank-order correlation coefficient revealed no significant positive relationship between military jet noise exposure and raised hearing threshold levels at 4 kHz. The number of years each person spent living on or near flying stations up to the ages of 5 and 16 years respectively, and the number of years spent in schools on or near stations, are not significantly correlated with raised hearing threshold levels see [Table - 5].\nWe were aware that the RAF recruits may represent a survivor population hence not be representative. Therefore we reviewed the records of all recent applicants who had been unsuccessful in their attempt to enlist due to an unacceptable audiogram at the Careers Office examination. (Screening audiograms are conducted as a matter of routine) When compared to a sample of recent intakes into the RAF, children of RAF/Services personnel (who may have been exposed to jet noise as a result of a parent's posting) were represented equally in both groups. This indicates that the main analysis has not been biased by the \"healthy worker\" effect.\n| Discussion|| |\nWhen the data from the Service personnel groups are compared, there is no indication that increased childhood exposure to military jet noise is associated with raised hearing thresholds. The control group displayed slightly raised hearing threshold levels in comparison to the exposed group at all frequencies, possibly due to the larger proportion of male participants, and greater involvement in noisy activities. They hypothesized noise-induced hearing loss in jet noise exposed children has not been demonstrated.\nThere is a long-running debate on the accuracy of the standard zeroes for audiometric testing determined by ISO 389. Robinson et al (1981) produced evidence that the change from the use of the NBS 9A coupler to IEC 318 coupler using TDH-39 earphones caused systematic errors in the standard to appear. When this equipment is used on otologically normal samples, the standard zeroes defined by ISO 389 may be in error by +2.5 dB at 0.5 kHz and + 4 dB at 6 kHz. Similar conclusions have been drawn by other researchers (Fearn and Hanson, 1983). The audiogram data used in this project was recorded at No 1 Recruit Training School at RAF Halton. At the school a bank of Graystad Microlab 10 audiometers test 10 recruits simultaneously. Calibration of the machines is carried out using an NBS type 9A coupler. Due to difficulties in testing at 0.5 and 6 kHz using the equipment at No 2 Recruit Training Squadron, it can be argued that raised thresholds at these frequencies are unlikely to indicate noise-induced hearing loss. This is supported by the high prevalence of a 6 kHz notch in audiometric data from young otologically normal people in the MRC's epidemiological work (Davis, 1995).\nA potential confounder in the difference in hearing thresholds at 0.5 and 1 kHz between the groups has not been controlled for. Although the questionnaire asked for details of parental occupation, the probing of the question led personnel to indicate either that parents were serving with HM Forces, or were civilian. This has meant that comparison of socio-economic status based on the main breadwinner of the household has not been possible, so has been omitted from the results section. It may have been possible to argue that the difference was due to relatively lower socio-economic status and so standards of health care. It could also be argued that the RAF provides a better standard of health care than the National Health Service, meaning that fewer conductive hearing disorders go untreated.\nCalculation of participants actual noise dose has not been attempted. During the planning stages of this work it was felt that calculation of a figure would lend a spurious accuracy to measures of noise exposure reported by participants. In place of personal dose calculation, the questionnaire asked about general interests and activities which may have contributed to significant leisure or industrial noise exposure. This may be seen as a potential shortcoming of this study; it remains that the exposed group described her has experienced military jet noise associated with activity around fast jet stations, in excess of that likely to have been experienced by the control group (see [Table - 1] for a summary of rejected participants).\nThis study cannot refute all of the claims of alleged noise-induced hearing loss in children. The RAF does not routinely carry out air-conduction audiometry at frequencies higher than 8 kHz, for we believe that there is no clinical significance to audiometric thresholds in this range and considerable evidence of the spread of the \"normal\" range of high frequency thresholds.\nThere is currently very little data on how much military jet noise that any given population are likely to experience during childhood. Similarly, there is scant agreement on how much exposure to leisure noise the average young adult has, and how much PTS is likely to have resulted (Davis et al, 1985). There are problems in assessing noise exposure retrospectively, especially in early childhood exposure which may not be adequately remembered or reported. Any future work would need to consider these issues to be of further value in answering the question this study had addressed.\n| Conclusions|| |\nFirstly, this study has found no evidence that RAF personnel who have lived on or near fast jet stations while very young display raised hearing threshold levels associated with noise-induced hearing loss.\nSecondly, there is no indication that applicants to the RAF who may have lived on active flying stations during childhood are less likely to be successful than applicants without any jet noise exposure.\n| References|| |\n|1.||Davis, A. (1995) Hearing in adults: the prevalence and distribution of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability in the MRC Institute of Hearing Research's National Study of Hearing. London: Whurr |\n|2.||A. C. Davis, H. M. Fortnum, R. R. A. Coles, M.P. Haggard and M.E.Lutman (1985) Damage to hearing arising from leisure noise: a review of the literature. Prepared for the Health and Safety Executive, by MRC Institute of Hearing Research. From \"A review of the literature pertaining to socioacusis, with bibliography\", R.E.Walford, 126 May 1984. An unpublished review commissioned by the MRC Institute of Hearing Research. |\n|3.||Fearn, RW and Hanson, DR. (1983) Audiometric zero for air conduction using manual audiometry. Br. J. Audiol; 17: p 87-89. |\n|4.||Fisch, L. (1981) Aircraft noise and hearing impairment in children. Br. J. Audiol.; 15: 231-240. |\n|5.||Green, KB, Pasternack, BS and Shore, RE. (1982) Effects of aircraft noise on hearing ability of school-age children. Arch. Environ. Health; 37, 5: 284-289. |\n|6.||RAF Clinical Research Committee. (1995) Medical, Dental and Nursing Research in the Royal Air Force: Guidance Notes for Investigators. File reference IHMT/1645/3/CRC, revised April 1995. |\n|7.||Robinson, DW, Shipton, MS and Hinchcliffe, R. (1981) Audiometric zero for air conduction. Audiology; 20: 409431. |\n|8.||Wu, T-N, Lai, JS, Shen, C-Y, Yu, T-s and Chang, P-Y. (1995) Aircraft noise, hearing ability, and annoyance. Arch. Environ. Health, 50, 6: 452-456. |\nRAF Institute of Health, Buckinghamshire HP22 5PG\nSource of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None\n[Table - 1], [Table - 2], [Table - 3], [Table - 4], [Table - 5]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The National Convention (French:Convention nationale) was a single-chamber assembly in France from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar) during the French Revolution. It succeeded the Legislative Assembly and founded the First Republic after the insurrection of 10 August 1792. The Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention which was to draw up a constitution. At the same time it was decided that deputies to that convention should be elected by all Frenchmen twenty-five years old or more, domiciled for a year and living by the product of their labor. The National Convention was therefore the first French assembly elected by universal male suffrage, without distinctions of class.\nThe election took place from 2 to 6 September 1792 after the election of the electoral colleges by primary assemblies on 26 August. Owing to the abstention of aristocrats and anti-republicans and the fear of victimization the voter turnout in the departments was low – 11.9% of the electorate, compared to 10.2% in the 1791 elections, in spite of the fact that that the number of eligible to vote had doubled. Therefore, universal suffrage had very little impact. On the whole, the electorate returned the same sort of men that the active citizens had chosen in 1791.\nA national convention is an official assembly of delegates from the nationwide branches of an organization.\nNational convention may refer to:\nNational Convention (Convention nationale, often shortened 'the Convention'), a legislative body and constitutional convention during the early French Revolution (21 September 1792 to 26 October 1795) and that period\nOn the other side of the 2018 ledger, worship attendance and giving to the convention's national Cooperative Program budget were holding strong ... After all, back in 2012, the convention's national meeting approved the use of \"Great Commission Baptists\" as an unofficial name -- a ...\nIts influence extends well back beyond the 1980s, when it became nationally noted for its conservative political positions ... Given American evangelicals’ long identification of America as a chosen nation, it is startling to hear the president of the Southern BaptistConvention declaring that it is not their job to save America.\nSpeaking at an annual convention of political leaders in Beijing, he said Inner Mongolia should \"unwaveringly promote the use of national common textbooks\", to correct \"wrong ideas\" on culture and nationality, according to a readout of the meeting in state media ...Officials should \"do a good job in popularising the national common language\", he said.\nSpeaking at an annual convention of political leaders in Beijing, he said Inner Mongolia should “unwaveringly promote the use of national common textbooks,” to correct “wrong ideas” on culture and nationality, according to a readout of the meeting in state media ...Officials should “do a good job in popularising the national common language,” he said.\nAs a result, many members of the CPPCCNational Committee said it was easier to submit proposals in the past year, and the mechanism was of higher efficiency and better quality ...Besides, it has been made into a convention that CPPCC National Committee chairpersons lead teams to supervise the handling of major proposals.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I’ve been going to a graduate class in science communication this semester. Doug taught us the rule that if you’re using a bar graph, the y axis must start at 0. Otherwise you end up with trickery like this:\nFox News continues charting excellence. From flowingdata.com\nIn bar graphs, area communicates magnitude. Change the lower limit of the y axis, and you change the relative area of your bars. If the graph above included 0, it would indicate a much smaller difference between the two tax rate scenarios of 34% and 39.6%. Pick a different lower limit and you distort the message, something that Fox News has figured out to great effect.\nI don’t think I’ve made a bar graph since my undergraduate days. In most cases, I think dot plots or line plots are a better choice (though there are some exceptions! bar graphs can be good for percentages, for instance). There’s one case, though, that throws a wrench in the whole “start at 0” rule, and that is temperature:\nTemperatures at the Marcell experimental forest in Minnesota, USA. USDA Forest Service.\nThe trouble is that for typical temperature units, the 0 mark is totally arbitrary. 0F does not equal 0C, for instance. This means that the difference in area communicated by the colored regions of this graph is arbitrary as well, no matter what the 0 mark. Here’s another example from the Washington Post:\nYou really can’t deny global warming after seeing this graph.\nSo never use a bar plot for temperatures. Use a dot or line plot instead! And include error bars, so the magnitude of the difference can be judged relative to the variation in the measurement.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Research on estuaries has increased in recent years, however, the effects of logging on estuaries and the effects of estuary habitat loss on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Pacific northwest is limited. To address habitat loss associated with logging, I used an extensive aerial photo record for Tranquil Creek estuary and an unlogged control to analyze changes in salt marsh area, elevation and volume, supplemented with a grain size distribution analysis.\nWhile I failed to find evidence of a difference between a logged and an unlogged estuary, some negative trends in salt marsh area and elevation observed over the observational period were indicative of changes that are unfavorable for juvenile Chinook salmon. Analytical methods presented here to assess changes in two remote coastal estuaries has contributed to the current knowledge on the effects of logging on estuarine ecosystems in coastal BC and provide tools for innovative estuary habitat restoration., aerial photograph analysis, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), salt marsh, estuary restoration, logging, sediment\nThe purpose of this project is to develop an ecological restoration plan for degraded habitats on mid-channel islands in the lower Fraser River. The study focuses on Herrling, Carey, and Strawberry islands, large mid-channel islands located in the gravel reach between Mission and Hope, British Columbia. These islands are known to be critical off-channel rearing habitat for many fish species including the threatened White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and interior and lower Fraser watershed Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations. These islands are also home to many riparian plant and animal species. The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that seasonal fluctuations in water levels for streams such as the Fraser River contribute substantially to the ecological function of the floodplain ecosystem where this phenomenon occurs. This often results in improved growth and survival rates for fish species that rely on a laterally-moving littoral zone of inundation. This phenomenon is thought by many to be the key to a properly functioning ecosystem in the lower Fraser River. Using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Fraser River between Hope and Mission, British Columbia, freshet flows (high water elevations) are presented to define the spatial extent of over-bank watering of Strawberry, Carey and Herrling islands. This over-bank watering provides lateral connectivity to floodplain islands. Based on extensive sampling in other studies, this lateral movement results in the creation of high-quality juvenile fish rearing habitat. A restoration plan is presented for those areas of Strawberry, Carey and Herrling islands degraded by recent land clearing for agriculture where they overlap sections defined as fish habitat from the spatial analysis., gravel reach, mid-channel islands, floodplain fish habitat, flood pulse concept, juvenile Chinook Salmon, lower Fraser River, White Sturgeon", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Motherhood Is About Guiding and Educating Our Children\nIf you are a mom, you are already aware that motherhood involves much more than just giving birth. One of our many jobs as mothers is guiding and educating our children.\nAfter all, it is from us that our little ones normally learn their first words and how to put them together, which is why our first language is called our mother tongue.\nIn general, mothers spend more time with children than fathers, and tend to be their first teachers and figures of authority.\nWhat does it mean to be a mother?\nBeing a mother is not something that requires qualifications or experience. Let’s be realistic: children don’t come with an instruction manual.\nNobody is truly prepared for motherhood. Does this mean you should be scared of the idea of being a mother? Of course not.\nThe experiences of every woman, of every mother, are personal and incomparable. But with or without a partner, biological or adoptive, a mother is a mother all the same.\nA mother is capable of giving her all, without getting anything back. Of loving with all her heart, without asking for anything in return. Of investing everything she has in a project, with no thought about the returns. A mother has confidence in her children when everyone around them has lost it. Thank you for being my mother.\nBeing a mother means more than just giving birth to a child. It means sleepless nights and endless worries. Hours of running around after your children.\nDays, months and years spent inventing new ways to camouflage vegetables. It means putting up with every fight, and taking all the infinite setbacks that life throws at you with the patience of a saint.\nGuiding and educating our children is one of the most difficult tasks that mothers face. And, although there are no magic solutions, there is some key advice to take into account. It’s never too early to be an example to your child.\nGuiding and educating your children\nHere are a few useful tips:\n- You should take care of yourself in order to take care of your child. If you are in a bad state, that will affect your mood, and can impact the wellbeing of your baby.\n- Learn to manage your stress. Understand that you can’t do everything perfectly.\n- Whether well-meaning or not, don’t let other people tell you how to live your life or raise your child.\n- Learn to organize yourself to make the best use of the little time you have available.\n- Children need to feel secure, whatever the circumstances. They need to know that, despite life’s challenges, their mother will always be there for them. Trust between a mother and her children is crucial. Having confidence in them will teach them to have productive and positive relationships with you and others around them.\n- Be a good example as a mother, a woman and a friend to your child.\n- From early on, teach them principles and moral values.\n- Establish rules at home, and expect your children to follow them.\n- On the practical side of things, try to get a life insurance policy naming your child as the beneficiary. Choose a person you trust to be their legal guardian should anything happen to you. Put everything down in writing, preferably in the presence of a notary or lawyer, to ensure that nobody can take advantage of your child.\n- Above all, be patient.\nChildren learn from our example, so it is vital to practice what you preach, and behave as you expect them to. Mothers are a crucial influence in our children‘s lives.\nThe most important thing that mothers can do is to love our children unconditionally. It is not enough just to feel this. We have to express it with words, with deeds and with physical displays of affection.\nA kiss, a hug and an “I love you” are much-needed tools to raise secure and compassionate human beings, who will one day be good mothers or fathers.\nFinally, understand that being a mother and succeeding in the vital task of guiding and educating your child, you will need strength of character, authority, courage and responsibility.\nDon’t see obstacles as problems, but challenges to be overcome.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Understanding Aircraft Structures , 4th Edition\nFebruary 2006, Wiley-Blackwell\nIt provides a brief historical background, and covers parts of\nthe aeroplane, loads, structural form, materials, processes, detail\ndesign, quality control, stressing, and the documentation\nassociated with modification and repairs.\nThe Fourth Edition takes account of new materials and the new European regulatory system.\nChapter 1 Introduction;.\nChapter 2 History; 2.1 Outline; 2.2 Wire-braced structures; 2.3 Semi-monocoque structures; 2.4 Sandwich structures; 2.5 Review of the key points.\nChapter 3 Parts of the Aircraft; 3.1 Terms connected with flight; 3.2 Terms connected with control; 3.3 Terms connected with high-lift devices; 3.4 Terms associated with the shape and dimensions of the aircraft; 3.5 Review of the key points.\nChapter 4 Loads on the Aircraft; 4.1 General flight forces; 4.2 Acceleration loads 4.3 Further aerodynamic loads; 4.4 Other loads; 4.5 Further load factors; 4.6 Loads acting on the whole aircraft; 4.7 Review of the key points; 4.8 References.\nChapter 5 The form of structures; 5.1 Structure relative to aircraft design; 5.2 Historic form of structure; 5.3 General form of structure; 5.4 The basic load systems in structures; 5.5 The forms of stress in materials; 5.6 Bending and torsion; 5.7 Compression; 5.8 The whole structure; 5.9 Review of the key points; 5.10 References.\nChapter 6 Materials; 6.1 Choice of materials; 6.2 Material properties; 6.3 Smart structures (and materials); 6.4 Cost as a property of a material; 6.5 Heat treatment; 6.6 Reference numbers for materials; 6.7 Review of the key points; 6.8 References.\nChapter 7 Processes; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Manufacturing;7.3 Jointing; 7.4 Review of the key points; 7.5 References.\nChapter 8 Corrosion and protective treatments; 8.1 Nature of corrosion; 8.2 Causes of corrosion; 8.3 Protection against corrosion; 8.4 Review of the key points; 8.5 References.\nChapter 9 Detail design; 9.1 Sheet-metal components; 9.2 Machined components and large forgings; 9.3 Notching and stress raisers; 9.4 Rivets and bolts; 9.5 Joggling; 9.6 Clips or cleats; 9.7 Stringer/frame intersections; 9.8 Lugs; 9.9 The ‘stiff path’; 9.10 Review of the key points.\nChapter 10 Composite materials in aircraft structures; 10.1 What are composites?; 10.2 The strength of composite materials; 10.3 Types of structures; 10.4 Joining composites; 10.5 Fibres; 10.6 Resins; 10.7 Working safely with composites; 10.8 Review of the key points.\nChapter 11 Quality and airworthiness; 11.1 Quality assurance; 11.2 Control; 11.3 Procedures and systems; 11.4 Further notes on quality control functions; 11.5 Airworthiness engineering; 11.6 Maintenance schedule; 11.7 References; 11.8 Review of the key points.\nChapter 12 Stressing; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 The stressman’s work; 12.3 Stressing methods; 12.4 Stress reports; 12.5 Review of the key points; 12.6 References.\nChapter 13 Presentation of modifications and repairs; 13.1 Definitions; 13.2 The essential paperwork associated with modifications; 13.3 Review of the key points; 13.4 Conclusion; 13.5 References.\nJeremy Liber, who has been responsible for revising the Fourth Edition, has worked in the fixed and rotary wing aircraft industry for a number of years as a stressman, structural test engineer and design engineer. He has degrees in both engineering and business plus a pilot’s licence. He is a Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and is currently Technical Director at Britten-Norman Aircraft Ltd.\n* new edition covers the latest regulatory changes\n* also aids draughtsmen and licensed engineers designing air frame repairs or modifications\n* 'one of the most useful reference books an airline engineer could have available' Aerospace\n‘contains a wealth of examples of good practice in the design and repair of metal aircraft. It also provides a good basic understanding of materials’ – Journal of the General Aviation Safety Council", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fractal. Figure 1a.\nThe Mandelbrot set illustrates self-similarity. As the image is enlarged, the same pattern re-appears so that it is virtually impossible to determine the scale being examined. Figure 1b. The same fractal magnified six times. Figure 1c. Emergence. In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is a process whereby larger entities, patterns, and regularities arise through interactions among smaller or simpler entities that themselves do not exhibit such properties.\nEmergence is central in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon life as studied in biology is commonly perceived as an emergent property of interacting molecules as studied in chemistry, whose phenomena reflect interactions among elementary particles, modeled in particle physics, that at such higher mass—via substantial conglomeration—exhibit motion as modeled in gravitational physics. Intelligent Complex Adaptive Systems. I don’t believe in the existence of a complex systems theory as such and, so far, I’m still referring to complex systems science (CSS) in order to describe my research endeavours.\nIn my view, the latter is constituted, up until now, by a bundle of loosely connected methods and theories aiming to observe— from contrasted standpoints—these fascinating objects of research called complex adaptive systems. Nearly 40 years after Von Bertalanffy’s General System Theory (1968) and Jacques Monod’s Chance and Necessity (1971), it is fair to look back and to try to assess how much remains to be said about these complex adaptive systems. After all, Prigogine’s Order out of Chaos (1984) already demonstrated that future wasn’t entirely predictable in a history- contingent world. The universe is a massive system of systems -- for example, ecological systems, social systems, commodity and stock markets.\nThe human microbiome: Me, myself, us. WHAT’S a man?\nOr, indeed, a woman? Biologically, the answer might seem obvious. A human being is an individual who has grown from a fertilised egg which contained genes from both father and mother. A growing band of biologists, however, think this definition incomplete. They see people not just as individuals, but also as ecosystems. The Human Genome Is Far More Complex Than Scientists Thought. 100 Very Cool Facts About The Human Body. The Brain The human brain is the most complex and least understood part of the human anatomy.\nThere may be a lot we don’t know, but here are a few interesting facts that we’ve got covered. Nerve impulses to and from the brain travel as fast as 170 miles per hour. Ever wonder how you can react so fast to things around you or why that stubbed toe hurts right away?\nComplexity: It’s Not That Simple. Complexity theory has been around for a generation now, but most people don’t understand it.\nI often read or listen to consultants, ‘experts’ and media people who proffer ludicrously simplistic ‘solutions’ to complex predicaments. Since it seems most people would prefer things to be simple, these ‘experts’ always seem to have an uncritical audience. Simplexity. Simplexity is an emerging theory that proposes a possible complementary relationship between complexity and simplicity.\nThe term draws from General Systems Theory, Dialectics (philosophy) and Design. Jeffrey Kluger wrote a book about this phenomenon that describes how house plants can be more complicated than industrial plants, how a truck driver's job can be as difficult as a CEO's and why 90% of the money donated to help cure diseases are given only to the research of 10% of them (and vice versa). The term has been adopted in advertising, marketing and the manufacture of left-handed screwdrivers. Design aspects Complexity tends to rise as system elements specialize and diversify to solve specific challenges.Simple interfaces tend to improve the usability of complex systems. ParadigmOfComplexity. The last few decades have seen the emergence of a growing body of literature devoted to a critique of the so-called “old” or “Cartesian-Newtonian” paradigm which, in the wake of the prodigious successes of modern natural science, came to dominate the full range of authoritative intellectual discourse and its associated worldviews.\nOften coupled with a materialistic, and indeed atomistic, metaphysics, this paradigm has been guided by the methodological principle of reductionism. The critics of reductionism have tended to promote various forms of holism, a term which, perhaps more than any other, has served as the rallying cry for those who see themselves as creators of a “new paradigm.” Why we hate Complexity. Natural and social systems are complex — that is, not entirely knowable, unpredictable, resistant to cause-and-effect analysis, in a word, mysterious.\nFor our first three million years on Earth we humans, like every other species on the planet, accepted that mystery. We adapted rather than trying to change our environment. We evolved by learning to accommodate ourselves to our environment. Morphological analysis (problem-solving) Morphological Analysis or General Morphological Analysis is a method developed by Fritz Zwicky (1967, 1969) for exploring all the possible solutions to a multi-dimensional, non-quantified complex problem. General Morphology was developed by Fritz Zwicky, the Bulgarian-born, Swiss-national astrophysicist based at the California Institute of Technology.\nAmong others, Zwicky applied Morphological Analysis (MA) to astronomical studies and the development of jet and rocket propulsion systems. As a problem-structuring and problem-solving technique, MA was designed for multi-dimensional, non-quantifiable problems where causal modeling and simulation do not function well, or at all. Consider a complex, real-world problem, like those of marketing or making policies for a nation, where there are many governing factors, and most of them cannot be expressed as numerical time series data, as one would like to have for building mathematical models.\nThe Art of Complex Problem Solving. Six degrees of separation. Six degrees of separation. Early conceptions Shrinking world Theories on optimal design of cities, city traffic flows, neighborhoods and demographics were in vogue after World War I. Complex systems made simple. Albert-László Barabási and Yang-Yu Liu, together with their collaborator Jean-Jacques Slotine at M.I.T., have developed a method for observing large, complex systems.\nIn the image above, red dots represent sensor nodes, which are required to reconstruct the entire internal state of one such system. Image by Mauro Martino. Just as the name implies, complex systems are difficult to tease apart. An organism’s genome, a biochemical reaction, or even a social network all contain many interdependent components—and changing any one of them can have pervasive effects on all the others. In the case of a very large system, like the human genome, which contains 20,000 interconnected genes, it’s impossible to monitor the whole system at once. But that may not matter anymore. The approach takes advantage of the interdependent nature of complexity to devise a method for observing systems that are otherwise beyond quantitative scrutiny. Observability of complex systems. Author Affiliations.\nComplex Adaptive Systems. Chardin & The NooSphere. Unification of Science and Spirit: Chapter 6 - MIND AS A COMPLEX SYSETM. Chapter 6 Among my many memories of early childhood, a few stand out with particular vigor. First and foremost, there is Neil Armstrong walking on the moon -- this was around the time of my second birthday, but I remember it as well as anything I've watched on TV since. I understood where the moon was -- way up in the sky -- and that this man, dressed in a funny suit, was walking on it, having just flown there in something faster than an airplane. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos - Steven Strogatz, Cornell University. This course of 25 lectures, filmed at Cornell University in Spring 2014, is intended for newcomers to nonlinear dynamics and chaos.\nIt closely follows Prof. The Discovery of Complex Organic Matter in the Universe.\nNetwork Science. Manuel Lima on the Power of Knowledge Networks in the Age of Infinite Connectivity. Wikipedia_as_a_complex_system.pdf. [1303.3891] Quantum Google in a Complex Network. CS edu & refs... Global Dynamics Processes: the Pattern which Connects from KaliYuga to Tao. Complexity and the philosophy of becoming.\nUnification of Science and Spirit: Chapter 5 - THE COMPLEX, CHAOTIC WORLD. Chapter 5. CS publications. Think Complexity. By Allen B. Downey Buy this book from Amazon.com. Download this book in PDF. Think Complexity. Ecologyfj. Complexity. ComplexSystems. COMPLEXITY GRAPHICS. Links - ISC CNR. How the Downs-Thomson Paradox will ruin your commute. Eric Berlow: How complexity leads to simplicity. George Whitesides: Toward a science of simplicity.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Australian Agribusiness Review - Vol. 8 - 2000\nWhen using Bookmarks, use your browser BACK BUTTON to return to the main text..\n22 June 2000\nStroppiana and Paul Riethmuller\nJapan consists of four large islands - Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu - and roughly 7 000 smaller islands and islets. In terms of natural terrain and climatic conditions Japan is a diverse country. There are also differences in the history, life styles and dietary habits of people living in different parts of Japan. This paper investigates the relationship between the consumption of beef and income, prices, and selected socio-economic factors in nine Japanese regions. The analysis found that consumption of beef at the regional level is influenced to differing degrees by income and by the prices of substitutes. In the heavily populated Kanto region, for example, containing the metropolises of Tokyo and Yokohama, the demand for beef was found to be not very responsive to changes in income, compared to the predominantly rural region of Hokkaido. This suggests that changes in income will have a relatively small impact on beef consumption in the Kanto region, compared to its effect on beef consumption in Hokkaido. A more general conclusion that can be drawn from the results is that programs designed to increase beef consumption in one part of Japan may need to be modified for other parts of the country if this same objective is to be achieved.\nKeywords: beef consumption, elasticities, region, Japan.\nThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether there are differences in the way economic and socio-economic factors influence beef consumption in different parts of Japan. Beef was chosen for investigation because Japans beef consumption in aggregate is large. In 1994, for example, total demand was 1 450 000 t. while preliminary data for 1998 indicated that demand had grown to about 1 500 000 t. (ALIC 2000, p.2). On a per person basis, consumption is not particularly high, certainly when compared to Australia or the United States. In 1997, it was about 8 kg, compared with 6.1 kg in 1990.\nAustralia and the United States supplied 646 876 t. of beef to Japan in fiscal year 1998, or about 54 per cent of demand. Yet despite its importance as a market, analysts have not had great success in predicting the course of Japanese demand for beef. The Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics (1994), for example, estimated in late 1994 that Japanese imports of beef in calendar year 1998 would be 989 000 t. The actual level of imports for 1998 was 677 288 t. (ALIC 2000). A number of factors no one could reasonably have expected at the time that the Bureau made its forecast could be used to explain the lower than expected imports. These include the slowing of the Japanese economy and a series of health scares involving beef in Britain, Europe and the United States that made Japanese consumers hesitant to buy beef.\nThe regional approach used in this study should add to the level of understanding of the Japanese market and help those involved in monitoring future developments in this market. A further reason for undertaking this study is to add to earlier analyses which have used regional data to investigate Japanese milk consumption (Stroppiana, Kobayashi and Riethmuller, 1998) and variations in the growth rates of different food items in Japanese diets (Riethmuller and Stroppiana, 1996).\n2. Regions: Definitions and Differences\nThe Japanese Government makes use of nine broad regions covering Japans 47 prefectures in its statistical reporting of developments in the economy. The prefectures making up these regions are analogous in broad terms to the states of the United States and Australia and Canadas provinces. The most northern of the nine regions, Hokkaido, consists of a single prefecture. All of the other regions are made up of several prefectures. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the regions vary in area, population density and industry mix.\nTable 1 Definition and Characteristics of Japans Regions\nThroughout Japan, the core of the diet is of rice, fish and vegetables. Ingredients used in dishes and the methods of preparing and cooking food vary across Japan, resulting in often quite distinctive regional cuisines. These differences reflect such factors as variations in climate and topography; history and culture; government policies; regional economic performance; and the availability of agricultural land. The following are examples of regional differences in food:\nCompared to other high-income countries, Japanese people are not large consumers of meat in general and beef in particular. For much of its documented history, the Buddist code of non-violence towards four-legged animals maintained a ban on the consumption of meat from cows, horses and monkeys. However, meat was still eaten despite this ban. For example, boar and deer were eaten as medicinal preparation to ensure long life. Deer were known as yama kujira (mountain whale). Richie (1992, p.49) points out that \"since the whale was thought to be a fish and since Buddist prophets said little about consuming them, one might safely consume these creatures\".\nFigure 1 contains data on the consumption of beef for each of the regions in 1974 and 1994. It is apparent from this figure that in 1974, there were large differences in per person beef consumption amongst the nine regions. For example, average daily consumption of beef in Tohoku and Kinki were 3.5 and 27.7 grams respectively. By 1994, per person beef consumption in Tohoku had increased by almost 15 grams to 18.4 grams per day, while in Kinki average daily consumption had increased less than 1 gram to 28.6 grams.\n3. Data, Model and Method\nIt can be shown that under certain assumptions, the demand for a commodity depends upon income, the price of the commodity and the prices of substitutes and complements (Intriligator, 1971). In empirical work, other factors such as expenditure on advertising, government intervention and socio-economic change are often included in demand models since these are thought to bring about shifts in demand.\nKnowledge about the extent to which socio-economic characteristics affect food consumption is important because if the decline in the consumption of a particular food has primarily resulted from the effect of prices, then producers of that food should focus on reducing production and marketing costs to maintain or expand its market. However, if the shifts in consumption are the result of changes related to health concerns and lifestyle, then the product may need to be altered to take account of this.\nA number of studies of Japanese food consumption have investigated the role of socio-economic characteristics in influencing food consumption. For example, Morishima, Aita and Nakagawa (1992) suggest that age is the most important socio-economic factor affecting food consumption in Japan. Saski (1993) found that the average number of people in the household in Japan was an important variable in his analysis of a range of food items.\nOther researchers, for example Tokoyama and Egaitsu (1994) and Tokoyama (1995), attribute a significant proportion of the changes in consumption of a large number of food items that they studied, to factors such as convenience and health concerns. Riethmuller, Smith Morison, Nagano, Kobayashi, Koizumi, Jussaume (1995) present survey data highlighting the importance of food safety as a factor in influencing meat purchasing decisions, while the importance of social and religious factors is discussed by Longworth (1983) and by Field (1986).\nMost of what has been written on changes in food consumption in Japan has made use of national level data (see, for example, Higuchi 1991 and Kamiya 1997). Relatively little analysis has been carried out at the regional level. A question that is worth considering is whether the demand for a food such as beef, responds to economic and socio-economic factors the same way in different parts of Japan. To help resolve this, per person consumption of beef was examined with the same set of explanatory variables for each of the nine regions listed in Table 1.\n3.1 Factors Included in the Analysis and Data Sources\nThe data on beef consumption used in this study as the dependent variable came from Kokumin Eiyo Chosa, the National Nutrition Survey. This is a cross sectional survey conducted annually by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (1994). The survey involves approximately 6000 households in all parts of Japan, and covers all food and beverages taken in three \"normal\" days in November. The sample period is 1974 to 1994.\nPer person expenditure in each region - used as a proxy for income - was taken from the Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (Statistical Bureau, 1996) and then deflated by the CPI (1990=100). The new variable was used as a measure of per person real income in each of the nine regions. Per person real income in Japan increased over the period 1974 to 1992. From 1992 to 1994, however, growth tapered off, almost becoming zero in the recession of the early 1990s. There was some variation in the growth rate and real income amongst the regions. For example, throughout the study period, people living in Kanto - Japans manufacturing and commercial centre - had noticeably higher average real incomes. However, amongst the remaining eight regions, there was little variation in per person average real income. Fujita and Tabuchi (1997) provide a detailed review of post-war regional growth in Japan. They found there were substantial interregional differences in income until 1970. Since then, differences have decreased due to factor migration within Japan, the relocation of industries off shore, and changes in Japans industry mix towards technology and service intensive industries. Income in each of the regions was expected to be positively associated with consumption since beef is unlikely to be an inferior good.\nAnnual retail price data for beef in each of the nine regions were taken from the Statistics Bureau (1999). These data are based on a retail price survey conducted in 177 cities, towns and villages in Japan. Prices are normal retail prices, excluding sale prices. Each retail price series was deflated by the CPI to obtain real prices. Due to the limited degrees of freedom, only one substitute was selected to include in the analysis. Some judgment was needed in choosing a close substitute. Whilst pork and chicken are generally considered to be substitutes for beef, previous research has found relatively low cross-price elasticities of demand for beef with respect to these foods in Japan. Therefore, the real retail price of fish was used as the substitute for beef. Over the period of the study, beef and fish prices steadily increased along with the general price level. However, the rate of increase slowed in the latter half of the study period. There was substantial variation in the real retail prices of beef and fish amongst the regions between 1974 and 1994. It was not obvious why these differences might have arisen. A negative relationship between the consumption of beef and the price of beef was expected while a positive relationship between consumption of beef and the price of fish would tend to support the argument that beef and fish are substitutes.\nSince the mid-1950s, there has been a decrease in the average number of people living in Japanese households. There are a number of reasons for this. These include an increase in the number of single person households; a growth in the number of single parent households; a decrease in the average number of children per family; and a decline in the incidence (except in rural areas) of elderly parents living with their children and grandchildren. In 1995, about 11 million of Japans 40 million households were single person households (Asahi Shimbun, 1998, p.58). The increase in the number of single person households has been very high amongst the 18 to 25 years old age group.\nThis is probably because many in this age group are university students who leave their home town to attend university. It is common practice for these students to live by themselves in single room apartments. In addition, the growth in the number of single person households partly reflects the common practice of Japanese salarymen living in another city alone, while other family members remains in the family home.\nThe growth in the number of single person households is one of the main factors behind the shift towards the consumption of convenience and highly processed foods. Although a substantial portion of beef (about 50 per cent in recent years) is consumed outside the home, a substantial quantity is still cooked in the home. Since beef takes time to prepare, single person households are unlikely to go to the trouble of preparing a beef meal for themselves. This could result is a positive relationship between beef consumption and household size.\nOn the other hand, households with many members may not be able to afford beef (eaten in the home or in restaurants) and this could result in a negative relationship between consumption and household size. Data on the average number of people in the household in each of the nine regions over the period 1974 to 1994 were taken from the Statistical Bureau (1996) 1. As just explained, the relation between beef consumption and household size is unclear.\nJapans population density of around 339 people per square kilometre places it amongst the most densely populated countries in the world. Population density within Japan varies widely from the crowded metropolises that comprise Kanto and Kinki to the agricultural areas of Hokkaido and Kyushu. Regions with a low population density are likely to be more agriculturally oriented and it might be argued - are likely to have greater per person consumption of traditional foods than the more densely populated regions. If this is true, then a positive relationship between population density and consumption of beef (a non-traditional food) may be found. Population density per square kilometre for each region over the period 1974 to 1994 was calculated using population and land area data taken from the Statistics Bureau (1999). In this study, it is used as a measure of the agricultural orientation of a region. 2\nThe final variable included in the analysis was a time trend. This was intended to capture the effect of other factors that have been increasing with time, but which are difficult to measure quantitatively. These include overseas travel and westernisation. It was measured the same way for all regions. A positive relationship between time and consumption of beef in each of the regions is expected.\n3.2 The Model and Method\nIn the analysis, a single equation approach was taken since developing a system of equations was outside the scope of the study. Moreover, since the purpose of this research was to investigate whether there were differences in the way beef consumption in the nine regions of Japan responded to the economic and social factors outlined in the previous section, a single equation approach was considered able to meet this objective.\nEconomic theory provides some guidance as to which variables should be included in any analysis of food consumption. However, it does not provide guidance as to which is the most appropriate functional form for the estimating equation. Since there was no a priori reason to favour one functional form over another, the Box-Cox transformation was used to allow the data to choose the most appropriate form of the model. To test the null hypothesis that a specific functional form is not significantly different from that of the maximum likelihood functional form, the likelihood ratio test was used. For most of the estimated equations, the double-log specification provided a reasonably close approximation to the best fitting non-linear model. Therefore, the results from the double-log model will be the ones discussed. The double-log functional form has an added advantage in that the estimated regression coefficients can be interpreted directly as elasticities.\nto denote the natural logarithm, the general model estimated was as follows:\nln Qjt = a0j + a1j ln\nYjt + a2j\nln Pjt + a3j\n+ a4j ln Hjt + a5j\nln Djt + a6jTt +ejt\n= per person consumption of beef in\nregion j in year t\n= real per person expenditure in\nregion j in year t\nreal retail price of beef in region j in year t\n= real retail price of fish in region j\nin year t\n= average number of people per household in region j\nin year t\n= population density in region j\nin year t\n= time in year t\n= year, 1974 to 1994\nparameters to be estimated, for i = 1 to 6\nejt = error term\nIn estimating this model, the homogeneity condition - this restricts the sum of the price and income elasticities to zero - was imposed and tested at the 5 per cent level of significance using an F test. A high degree of multicollinearity among the explanatory variables was found in all the estimated equations. In a number of instances the pair-wise correlation coefficients between any two regressors was in excess of 0.8. Therefore, ridge regression was used in order to obtain \"improved estimates\" of the coefficients on the explanatory variables. Ridge regression involves adding a constant k (0<k<1) to the variances of the explanatory variables.\nUnlike OLS, the estimated coefficients from ridge regression are biased but generally have a lower variance. By accepting some bias in the estimators, using ridge regression reduces the variance and an overall reduction in the mean square error (MSE) when the degree of multicollinearity is high. A difficulty with using ridge regression is deciding on the value of k. The larger the value of k, the larger the bias but the smaller the variance. 3\nThus, there is a trade off between bias and variance. Since it is undesirable to introduce too much bias, the smallest possible value of k should therefore be selected. The value of k for each model was chosen using a ridge trace. 4 The guidelines suggested by Hoerl and Kennard (1970) were used in order to select the \"best\" minimum value of k. Simply stated these guidelines are when: the system stabilises and has the general character of an orthogonal system; the coefficients have reasonable absolute values; the coefficients change to the proper signs; and the residual sum of squares (RSS) is not inflated to an \"unreasonable\" value.\nEach equation was tested for first-order autocorrelation. This was done by the calculation of the Durbin-Watson statistic as well as examining the residual plot of each estimated equation to determine the size and pattern of the residuals. Because of the limited number of observations the estimated equations were not tested for higher order autocorrelation.\n4. The Results\nThe regression results presented in Table 2 reveal that all of the estimated equations for Japan had relatively high R statistics. This indicates that the variables included in each of the estimated equations explain a large proportion of the variation in per person consumption of beef in the regions. As can be seen in Table 2, the Durbin-Watson statistics for each of the estimated equations were close to two. Therefore, no corrections for first-order autocorrelation was made.\nNotes: Three, two and one asterisks indicate significance of estimated coefficients using a two tailed test at the 0.1 per cent; 1 per cent; and 5 per cent level of significance, respectively.\nAll the income coefficients were significant at the 5 per cent level or better, positive and less than one - an indication that beef is a normal good. However, the estimated elasticities varied widely among the nine regions, from 0.70 in Hokkaido to 0.17 in Kanto. Interestingly, the regions in the northern part of Japan, Hokkaido and Tohoku, have the largest values for the income elasticities. This suggests that consumption in these regions is more vulnerable to the effect of economic downturn than other parts of Japan (and vice versa). On the other hand, Kanto and Chugoku had low values for the income elasticity, indicating that the quantity of beef consumed is relatively immune to change in income in these regions. Therefore, it may be that people living in these regions will demand better quality beef rather than greater quantities of beef in the future. ABARE (1994) estimated that a 1 per cent change in consumer expenditure (a proxy for income) would change aggregate beef demand in Japan by 0.28 per cent.\nThe coefficients on the price of beef were significant in only five regions and were negative and less than one, indicating that beef is relatively price inelastic. The price inelasticity of beef indicates that further reductions in consumer prices, due for example to reduced border restrictions or an appreciation of the yen, may have little effect on consumption. There was, however, some variation in the elasticities obtained, implying that Japanese consumers living in different regions react differently to changes in the price of beef. The lack of statistical significance of the coefficient on beef price in Hokkaido, Tohoku, Chugoku and Shikoku indicates that the beef price plays little part in influencing consumption. It might be that health concerns and product safety may be the important factors for consumers in these regions rather than price.\nThe real retail price of fish was included as a substitute for beef because they are both sources of animal protein and because fish has traditionally been an important part of the Japanese diet. However, the coefficients were only significant in four regions and in one case - Shikoku - the coefficient had a negative sign indicating, somewhat implausibly, that beef and fish are complements. Negative coefficients were also obtained for Hokuriku and Chugoku, but in these cases, the coefficient was not statistically different from zero. These results lend support to the view that the cooking methods and the way fish and beef are eaten is sufficiently different that they are not to be regarded as substitutes (Kodansha, 1998, pp.716-728). Given the dominance of seafood in the dietary culture, it is hardly surprising therefore that the econometric results reported here show fish price to be not overly important in influencing beef consumption.\nThe coefficients for household size for each region were found to be negative and to vary widely among the nine regions, from -2.26 in Tohoku to -0.71 in Kyushu. In all regions but Kanto, the coefficients were significant. The negative coefficients suggest that as household size increases, per person consumption of beef falls. One possibility is that smaller households have higher levels of discretionary income, due to smaller fixed costs such as education and housing. This higher level of discretionary income would enable households with fewer members to buy more beef. In addition, young single people, who represent many of the single person households, would perhaps be more likely than families to eat hamburgers or to dine in Japanese fast food restaurants.\nThe coefficients for population density were highly significant in six of the nine regions. In the less densely populated regions - Hokkaido, Tohoku and Kyushu, which all happen to be major beef producing regions - the coefficients were not significant. A possible explanation for these results is that people in the heavily populated regions are less likely to have contact with Japanese farmers than people in rural areas, and hence would be more likely to eat non-traditional products such as beef. These results may also be picking up an income effect, since incomes in the more heavily populated areas tend to be higher than incomes in agricultural regions.\nThe time trend was significant in all regions with its positive value indicating that per person consumption of beef has increased with time. Technology, government policy, overseas travel, changes in the number and types of restaurants and westernisation of tastes are factors that have changed over time, and so they are likely to be some of the influences being picked up by the time variable.\n5. Concluding Comments\nThe purpose of this paper has been to investigate the consumption of beef across different regions of Japan. To do this, regional beef consumption data were examined over the period 1974 to 1994. Since income and price elasticities of demand for beef appear to be different across regions, Japans beef market should not be treated as a homogenous market by foreign beef suppliers.\nThe relatively low income elasticity estimates in a number of regions suggest that these regions are mature markets and that beef consumption levels may be nearing saturation levels. The different price elasticity estimates show that different pricing strategies could be used in different parts of Japan, although arbitrage would limit the size of any price difference. The lack of responsiveness of consumption to beef prices in four of the regions indicates that factors other than beef price drives demand. Food safety and health are factors that spring to mind. The finding that consumption of beef in Japan at the regional level is associated with household size and population density is important, not just because these variables have been shown to be significant, but because it illustrates that specific regional factors need to be understood in any marketing program for beef.\nIt should be noted that the analysis presented in this paper could be extended. For example, no account was taken of differences in beef quality. Whether the beef consumed in different regions is primarily the better quality Wagyu or lower quality dairy is just as important for an understanding of developments in the Japanese diet, as changes in the quantity of beef being consumed. There are many other differences between regions that could influence beef consumption, but were not included. Distribution systems differ between prefectures. In 1994, for example, 26 per cent of the 48 405 convenience stores in Japan were in just four prefectures - Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo and Kanagawa.\nThere were also differences in the number of large scale stores per 100 000 people. In Tokyo in 1991, there were almost 11, but in Nagasaki (in Kyushu), there were only 5.6. The percentage of households with members 65 years and older also is another factor where there are differences. In Tokyo, the percentage of households with a member 65 years and older was 22.4 per cent, but in Yamagata (in Tohoku), it was 47 per cent in 1995 (Statistics Bureau, 1998). This factor is potentially of importance because older people are more likely than young people to want to maintain the traditional Japanese fish and rice based diet.\nAustralian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics [ABARE] (1994) North Asian Markets for Australian Beef. ABARE Research Report. 94.10, AGPS, Canberra.\nAgExporter (1996) U.S. Seafoods Exporters: Fish for New Asian Markets.AgExporter. 8(2), 22-23.\nALIC [Agriculture and Livestock Industries Corporation] (2000) Monthly Statistics. May, Tokyo.\nAsahi Shimbun (1998) Japan Almanac 1998. Asahi Shimbun Publishing Company, Tokyo.\nDavid, C. and Huang, J. (1996) Political Economy of Rice Protection in Asia. Economic Development and Cultural Change. 44(3), 463-83.\nField, H. (1986) Some Issues Related to Wagyu Beef Supply and Beef Policy in Japan. Unpublished M.Agr.Sc. thesis. LaTrobe University, Melbourne.\nHiguchi, T. (1991). Japanese Dietary Habits and Food Consumption in Committee for the Japanese Agricultural Session (ed), Agriculture and Agricultural Policy in Japan, XXI IAAE Conference, Tokyo, pp87-104.\nHoerl, A. and Kennard, W. (1970) Ridge Regression Biased estimation for Non-orthogonal Problems. Technometrics. 12(1), 55-67.\nIntriligator, M. (1971) Mathematical Optimisation and Economic Theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chapter 7.\nJapan Meat Conference (1998) The Meat Statistics in Japan. Sep.1, Tokyo.\nJudge, G., Griffiths, W., Hill, R. and Lee, T. (1980). The Theory and Practice of Econometrics. John Wiley and Sons, New York.\nKamiya, M. (1997). Structural Change in Japans Food System, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Center, Tokyo.\nKodansha (1998) The Kodansha Bilingual Encyclopaedia of Japan. Kodansha International Pty Ltd, Tokyo.\nLongworth, J. (1983) Beef in Japan. University of Queensland Press, Brisbane.\nMorishima, M., Aita, Y. and Nakagawa, M. (1992) Food Consumption in Japan, in L. Tweeten; C. Dishon; W. Chern: N. Imamura and M. Morishima, eds. Japanese and American Agriculture: Tradition and Progression in Conflict. Westview Press Inc., Colorado.\nMinistry of Health and Welfare (1994) Kokumin Eiya Chosa (National Nutrition Survey). Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo (In Japanese) (Including Previous Years).\nRichie, D. (1992) A Taste of Japan. Kodansha International, Tokyo.\nRiethmuller, P., Smith, D., Morison, J., Nagano, M., Kobayashi, S., Koizumi, S. and Jussaume, R. (1995) Consumer Attitudes Towards Meat Consumption: an Asian Pacific Perspective. Paper presented to the Annual Conference,\nEconomics Society of Australia. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 26 September.\nRiethmuller, P. and Stroppiana, R. (1996) Regional Variations in Diets in Japan. Pacific Economic Papers. 257, Australia Japan Research Centre, ANU, Canberra.\nSasaki, K. (1993) The Structure of Food Demand in Japan: An Application of the Rotterdam System. Agribusiness. 9(5) :425-439.\nStatistical Bureau (1996) Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey. Management and Coordination Agency, Tokyo (Including Previous Years).\nStatistics Bureau (1998) Social Indicators by Prefecture. Management and Coordination Agency, Tokyo\nStroppiana, R., Kobayashi, K. and Riethmuller, P. (1998) Regional Differences in the Japanese Diet: The Case of Drinking Milk. Economic Analysis and Policy. 28(1), 85-102.\nTeklu, T.; Hassan, Z.; Johnson, S. and Stonehouse, P. (1992) \"Empirical Demand Systems\", in S. Johnson; P. Stonehouse and Z. Hassan (Eds.) Market Demand for Dairy Products. Ames: Iowa State University Press, pp.46-64.\nTokoyama, H. (1995) The Relationship Between Trends and Income Elasticities in Food Consumption Structure: An Attempt to Quantify Define Maturity in Food Consumption. Japanese Journal of Rural Economics. 67(1) (In Japanese).\nTokoyama, H. and Egaitsu, F. (1994) Major Categories of Changes in Food Consumption Patterns in Japan 1963-91. Oxford Agrarian Studies. 22(2), 191-202.\n1 - Other studies modelling food consumption in Japan have included a variable for the number of people in the household as a proxy for convenience. For example, see: Sasaki (1993).\n2 - David and Huang (1996) used population density as a proxy for comparative advantage in rice production in their study of government intervention in the rice industry.\n3 - If k = 0 the ridge estimators reduce to OLS estimates.\n4 - The ridge trace is a two-dimensional plot of values of ridge coefficients for a number of values of k.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Albrecht Dürer ~ Biography & Gallery (1471 - 1528)\nHeader Photo: Self-Portrait at 28, 1500 (Detail)\nComplete picture here\n© Estate of Albrecht Dürer\nAlbrecht Dürer Links: Durer canvas prints @ ebay.com (direct link to his canvas prints) - more canvas prints than anywhere else combined and vastly superior in quality to a mere print or poster - Advertise here - Albrecht Dürer Books available @ amazon.com - Search Site For other Artists\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Biography I (1471 - 1521)\nKnown as: German Renaissance painter, wood carver, engraver, mathematician\nBorn: May 21, 1471, Nuremberg, Germany\nDate of death: April 6, 1528, Nuremberg\nBuried: St. John’s churchyard, Nuremberg\nAlbrecht Dürer was the son of a well-off goldsmith Albrecht Dürer the Elder and Barbara Holper. From the ages of 15 through to 18, he was apprenticed in the workshop of Nuremberg artist Michael Wolgemut where he was trained in drawing, woodcutting and printing.\nHe soon gained a reputation for the quality of his engravings. When he had completed his apprenticeship, he travelled across Europe, visiting the Netherlands and taking two prolonged stays in Italy. Perhaps the most important part of his time in Italy was his stay in Venice and his love of the work of the then elderly Giovanni Bellini.It was during his second visit to Italy that he turned his hand to painting.\nIn 1494, he married Agnes Frey, the daughter of a local merchant. It is not known hwhat kind of relationship he had with her, but soon after the marriage he travelled to Italy without her.\nIn 1495, he started his own workshop in Nuremberg. It was successful with his engravings much in demand from wealthy German patrons. Not only that but he was frequently commissioned for portraits and to paint several altarpieces. He also painted numerous self-portraits (has there been an artist who has painted so many self-portraits?) of him at different ages that the frequency of them has almost made one thing that he painted them not at different ages but at different hours! On a purely superficial level, he was a good-looking guy though.\nBy 1513 he was 42 and created his greatest three engravings: Knight, Death and the Devil (1513), St. Jerome in His Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514). Such was his fame by then that the Emperor Maximilian commissioned him to create the largest woodcut print ever made before or since: The Triumphal Arch, a piece Emperor Maximilian saw as a celebration of, er, himself and his achievements. So pleased was Maximilian with the result that he granted Dürer a pension which lasted until his death in 1519. Thereafter, Dürer had to travel with his wife to the Netherlands and the court of the Emperor Charles V to have the pension confirmed. He also looked out for new patrons. It was during this trip that he not only met Erasmus but on the return trip caught the mysery illness that would afflict his last seven years.\nHe became an enthusiastic follower to the strict and austere doctines of Martin Luther. He also wrote theoretical works. By 1520, such was his fame that Raphael wa honoured to exchange drawings with him.\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Biography II (1471 - 1528)\nGraphic artist, painter and theoretician who formed an important link between Northern and Southern European art and who is regarded as the founder of German High Renaissance.\nYoung Venetian Woman\nAs the son of a Nuremberg goldsmith, Dürer had mastered all manner of art and craft techniques at an early age. When he was fifteen, he started a four year apprenticeship with the painter and graphic artist Michael Wolgemut who, at that time, had quite a reputation. He worked in Wolgemut’s atelier on altar paintings, designs for stained-glass artists and woodcuts for illustrations in books.\nIn 1490, as was tradition, the young artist set out on a long journey. He stayed in Basel for a long time and carried out book illustration assignments and mastered the sophisticated techniques of copper engraving and etching. Four years later he returned home and married Agnes Fey. The marriage, which his father had arranged, was a childless one. He soon left, this time to avoid the plague, and headed for Italy. There he learned to compose, discovered the wonders of perspective and the use of colours by the thriving Italian Renaissance painters. He became a personal friend of the Bellini brothers.\nUpon his return to the town of his birth he set up his own atelier and started selling his own engravings and etchings. Entirely in keeping with the Renaissance he was a keen student of science in his capacity of ‘homo universalis’ and wrote theoretical essays on the arts. He moved in circles of progressive humanist scholars and was a leading citizen in the influential free imperial city of Nuremberg. Holy Roman Emperor Maximiliaan enlisted Dürer into his service and paid him a substantial annual allowance.\nHis last major trip took him to the Netherlands. Upon his return to Nuremberg he painted his most influential portraits and wrote theoretical works on the science of measurement, perspective and proportion. His death in 1528 marked the end of a very productive life during which he was acknowledged as the greatest German artist of his time. Indeed he is now regarded as not only the greatest of all German artists of all time but one of the greatest ever seen ...top of page\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Dates of Important Works\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Parastone Sculptures Notes\nFirst things first: there are no better artist sculptures/figures than these Parastone figures anywhere. The attention to detail & the 3d effect breathes new life in the work of the masters.\nParastone was originally part of the famous Borzo art dealership which was founded in 1880 and it primarily specialised in restoring religious art. When, alongside the latter activity, an increasing number of sculptures were produced after own designs, it was decided – in 1963 – to found Parastone as an independent company.\nFor over 50 years now, Parastone has successfully designed decorative sculptures, partly of timeless classic beauty, partly aligned with current trends. The museum images entitled Mouseion constitute an important part of the collection. Alongside exact copies of important works of art, Mouseion also consists of three-dimensional interpretations of paintings and sketches by many artists ranging from Jheronimus Bosch to Salvador Dali.\nParastone is located in ’s-Hertogenbosch, a historic city in the Netherlands and the birthplace of famous Medieval painter Jheronimus Bosch.\nWow, the works coming from where Bosch was from. Where Bosch breathed the same air - knew the same countryside.\nBosch and Parastone: what a magical combination.\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Parastone Sculptures\nSuperb. Adaptation of Durer's famous drawing Praying Hands.\nMedium: Collectible quality resin with hand-painted color details, matte and glossy finish\nDimensions: 6 1/4 in. High x 5 1/4 in. Wide x 3 in. Deep\nCondition: New in box\nDate of Creation: 1990-Now\nManufactured by: Parastone Mouseion\nIncluded: Full color card with image of original artwork. Description card about artist and artwork. Both cards are in four languages.\nBeautifully rendered and constructed of fine collectible quality resin.\nIn 1507, Dürer was commissioned by the wealthy merchant, Jacob Heller, to paint a triptych for the altar of the Dominican church in Frankfurt, based on the theme of the ascension of Mary. The ‘Heller altar’ was soon so famous that Elector Maximilian of Bavaria had the central panel added to his own art collection. The panel was lost in a fire in 1729, but well over twenty preliminary sketches have been preserved. Of these, the praying hands of an apostle is the most famous (see original picture)\nAs of 2014, I found that amazon now stock the Durer Parastone sculpture. As it is impossible to compete with their buying power you will find the sculptures far cheaper than I can do. I have put links to both their US and UK sites below which will take you to their Boccioni sculpture pages.\nIf I can ever compete with their prices then I will stock them again as I do love these sculptures and they deserve to be owned by as many people as possible. I also miss those conversations with fellow Durer/Parastone admirers who are adding a sculpture or starting a collection. For now it's enough to present them as beautiful as I possibly can.\nThe Durer sculptures are getting increasingly harder to find even on amazon.\nTry: amazon.com (us)\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Canvas Prints\nCotton Canvas Print\nHead of a Walrus\nCotton Canvas Print\nCotton Canvas Print\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Prints\nAlbrecht Dürer ~ Links\nAlbrecht Dürer Links: Durer canvas prints @ ebay.com (direct link to his canvas prints) - more canvas prints than anywhere else combined and vastly superior in quality to a mere print or poster - Advertise here - Albrecht Dürer Books available @ amazon.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An Australian view of Venus\nOver a hundred years after Captain James Cook mapped Australia's shores, our pioneer scientists joined the race to solve \"the noblest problem in astronomy\". Nick Lomb tells their story.\n\"Never perhaps in the world's history, did morning dawn on so many waiting astronomers as it did on the 9th of December, 1874.\"\nHenry Chamberlain Russell, the director of Sydney Observatory, was writing about the eagerly anticipated transit of Venus on that date, an event that had not occurred for over 100 years.\nThere certainly were many astronomers preparing to observe this rare event in Australia. As well as having telescopes ready at Sydney Observatory, Russell organised observing stations in New South Wales at Goulburn in the Southern Tablelands, at Eden on the South Coast and at Woodford in the Blue Mountains as insurance in case of clouds obscuring the view from Sydney.\nRussell's Melbourne counterpart, Robert LJ Ellery, similarly set up Victorian observing stations at Mornington near Melbourne, at Glenrowan, a small town destined to become famous or infamous a few years later in connection with the outlaw Ned Kelly, and at Sandhurst now Bendigo, in addition to preparing to observe from Melbourne Observatory.\nThe last of the triumvirate dominating Australian astronomy during the second half of the 19th century was Charles Todd, who fresh from his triumph in supervising the construction of the Overland Telegraph across the continent, was going to observe from Adelaide Observatory.\nThere were other observers as well. In NSW the famous amateur astronomer John Tebbutt was to observe from his property in the small town of Windsor just outside Sydney. In Tasmania there were no less than two teams of observers. One team led by Professor William Harkness of the US Naval Observatory set up in Hobart Town, as Hobart was then known, while the other team led by Captain Charles Raymond went to Campbell Town near Launceston.\nAstronomical event of the century\nTo astronomers it was the greatest astronomical event of the century, not just because of its rarity, but because it provided an opportunity to measure the distance from the Earth to the Sun and so provide the key distance in estimating the size of the Universe as was known at the time.\nThe method of measurement was to time when Venus crossed the edge of the Sun as it was entering and/or when it was leaving the disc. The distance was to be obtained through calculations based on comparing times at places long way apart on the globe.\nThe previous transit of Venus occurred in June 1769 when Lieutenant James Cook was put in charge of the HM Bark Endeavour and sent to the newly discovered island of Tahiti. There Cook and Charles Green, the astronomer on the voyage, made very careful observations of the transit. Although their observations were excellent, Cook and Green were disturbed by a number of optical effects that made it difficult to ascertain the times to the required accuracy. They were despondent about these problems and the feared inaccuracy of their results for they had no way of knowing that astronomers elsewhere suffered from the same problems.\nBut Cook's voyage to Tahiti had a huge impact on the history of Australia. After observing the transit, Cook sailed south-west to chart New Zealand and prove that it was not part of an unknown southern continent. From New Zealand, Cook sailed west and eventually reached the east coast of Australia. He followed the coast up towards its northern extremity, carefully mapping it and claiming it for the British Crown.\nAt the suggestion of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society, who had been on board the Endeavour with Cook, the newly claimed land was deemed suitable for a new convict colony and the First Fleet reached Botany Bay in 1788.\nBorn in 1836, Henry Chamberlain Russell was to become the first Australian-born astronomer. A decade earlier, his father, Bourn Russell, arrived in the colony of New South Wales as captain of the ship Lady Rowena with 100 female convicts aboard.\nRussell made successful timings of the transit and he observed an arc of light on the part of Venus not on the Sun, both as it was entering and leaving the solar disc. As Venus was moving off the Sun Russell noted that the arc of light, which was due to sunlight bent by the planet's atmosphere, became irregular with light concentrated near the planet's north pole.\nThen and now\nThis last observation by Russell went unexplained for over a century. Spacecraft observations of the 2004 transit of Venus showed the same effect with the light from the arc of light concentrating near the pole of the planet.\nThe scientists who made the observation referred back to Russell and explained the observation using recent knowledge of the structure of the atmosphere of Venus. They say that surrounding each pole of the planet there is a doughnut of cold air that depresses the height of the Venusian clouds below and so let more sunlight come through the polar regions.\nRussell made even more elaborate plans for the following transit in 1882, but clouds prevented viewing from any of the NSW stations. His Melbourne counterpart Robert Ellery was more successful with a team of his observers making good observations from Hobart. Charles Todd from Adelaide Observatory made the fortuitous decision to observe from the NSW town of Wentworth where he found a suitable observing site near the gaol while his colleagues at home saw nothing due to cloud.\nThe first of the 21st pair of transits came and went in 2004 and we are waiting for the second, the 2012 transit of Venus on 6 June. As a link to the past, Sydney Observatory, now part of the Powerhouse Museum, is planning to observe the transit with the same telescope that Russell used to see how well his 1874 observations can be reproduced.\nThere are plans to do the same at Melbourne Observatory, now part of the Royal Botanical Gardens, with the telescope used by Ellery. If clouds permit, these observations will allow us a much better understanding of the achievements of these pioneers of Australian astronomy and science.\nDr Nick Lomb spent over 30 years at Sydney Observatory, mainly as curator of astronomy for both the Observatory and the Powerhouse Museum. Nick tried to retire from the Observatory in 2009 by moving to Melbourne, but is still working part-time as curator. He is the author of a number of books on astronomy including 'Transit of Venus: 1631 to the present', published by NewSouth Publishing and Powerhouse Publishing.\nPublished 28 May 2012", "label": "No"}
{"text": "These milestones are some of the core areas of martial arts content every martial artist works on improving. We are all on the same martial arts learning curve; the same loop of success and frustration. These aren't improved on a straight line, but a never-ending circle. Focusing on these basic milestones of martial arts will take your training far better than belts, ranks, or titles.\nMilestone One: Shape(s)\nCircles! Triangles! Squares! Oh Myyyyyyyyyyyyy!\nAre you able to create a cohesive and stable structure out of your body's various parts, unting your arms and legs with your center (hara)? Can your body recognize the core shapes present in Aikido - the square, circle, and triangle? Can you place your body, mind, and energy (ki) into these structures?\nMilestone Two: Motion\nJust keep moving ... Just keep moving!\nIn responding to attack, are you able to keep your structure and shape intact throughout movement? Are you able to change your shape to meet the needs of your situation? Are you able to change your attacker's shape? These are some of the elements in this milestone.\nMilestone Three: Energy\nWhat goes around, ALWAYS comes around\nDo you demonstrate aware, sincere, and controlled attacks? As you practice ukemi (tumbling, falling, rolling, receiving attacks), are you aware of your shape and your movements? Is your ukemi soft and fluid? Is your ukemi appropriate for the martial arts technique applied to you? Do you resist techniques with force, or connect to them to learn what your opponent is doing?\nMilestone Four: Connection\nWhen you attack, are you soft and fluid, or rigid and quick? When defending, are you able to move slowly and calmly with freedom, or do you move quickly and suddenly? Are you able to connect to yourself and then to your attackers? Are you able to keep and control the connection throughout the exchange?\nMilestone 5: Centered\nThere is no spoon (?)\nIn all things, are you in complete control of your body, mind, and energy? Are you able to move independently of attackers or defenders? Are you able to attack or defend at will, flow between techniques, find reversal moments, or defend without techniques?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Gifted & Talented\nWhat are Gifted and Talented Services?\nGifted and Talented Services (GT) provide academic enrichment services for identified students demonstrating superior intellectual giftedness through standardized aptitude and achievement tests, as well as GT characteristics scales, classroom Planned Experiences, and classroom work. GT Services are designed to develop critical and creative thinking skills, problem solving skills, and reference skills for students demonstrating gifted abilities.\nTexas Administrative Code 29.121: A gifted and talented student is a child who performs at or shows the potential for performing at a remarkably high level of accomplishment when compared to others of the same age, experience, or environment and who exhibits high performance capability in an intellectual, creative, or artistic area; possesses an unusual capacity for leadership; or excels in a specific academic field. The process for identifying such students include a needs assessment for the purpose of placing students into educational programs designed to develop their potential (Reichert, 1997).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Top English Grammar Tips From A–Z\nVer definición en Español de yarda\n1(measure)(0,91m) yarda femeninoit's 100 yards down the road — está a unos 100 metros de aquí\n- yard of ale\n- On the half hour mark Brian Pendergast let fly with a right foot shot from twenty yards.\n- How many inches equal a yard is not something subject to daily fluctuations on the free or any other market.\n- I headed the ball back inside and eventually the ball ended up at my feet 20 yards from goal and I just hit it.\n- With fox hunting you have hoards of people following across country on foot, one way or another, for yards or miles.\n- One meter is equivalent to 1.09 yards and one inch is equivalent to 2.54 centimeters.\n- He could tell us the speed of the train and how many miles / yards / feet we had until the next state line or anywhere else.\n- Vivian Foley crossed to Ger Foley and his twenty yards shot hit the crossbar but fell to the feet of Gary Doyle who scored the opening goal.\n- The next three runnings were over one mile six furlongs and 12 yards.\n- Start thinking in pounds, quarts, gallons, inches, yards and miles.\n- I read with interest recently about plans to develop a golf course in Wales that will eventually measure over 8000 yards.\n- The course measures 5,293 yards and was designed by Eddie Hackett.\n- Many are anthropomorphic - the foot, the yard, the cubit, the span - and arise from the dimensions of parts of the human body.\n- He set world records for the 800 metres and 880 yards in the same race at Christchurch and the mile at Cooks Garden, Wanganui.\n- An anti-metric activist yesterday appeared in court charged with stealing road signs which gave distances in metres rather than yards.\n- I still talk about acres, yards, feet and inches; not forgetting gallons and pints and also hundredweights pounds and ounces.\n- His second, nine minutes later, was a rasping left foot drive from twenty five yards which hit the stanchion as the Castleton keeper stood mesmerised.\n- Thirteen under par may have paled in comparison with the exploits of Tiger Woods and a number of others but it is still a decent score on a golf course measuring 7,246 yards.\n- In the imperial system, 36 inches are 1 yard and 1760 yards are 1 mile.\n- It has a 7,653 yard range and its warhead consists of a tandem-shaped charge to penetrate reactive armour.\n- Weeks of learning 12 inches to one foot, three feet to a yard, 22 yards to a chain and however many chains to a mile - with rods, poles and perches somewhere in between.\n- The Captain motioned with his eyes and his head to the main mast top yard.\n- The argument is that a three-masted ship had three yards on each mast for the square sails, making nine in all.\n- They could see Bowles and they waited, bracing themselves against the yard should the two ships collide.\n- The ship also carried standing skysail pales and yards, a half poop, and had as her figurehead a toothy dragon's head.\n- To have the ship's company clearly visible on deck, or in the days of sail, aloft on the yards, meant that the guns were not manned.\n- Masts and yards continued to be installed for decades, becoming increasingly vestigial, but the die was cast.\n- Her captain was at the top yard of the main mast, glass to eye.\n- About 170 lines control the sails and yards, so every member of the crew must be familiar with these operations and functions.\n- They stood in the foot ropes of the main mast topsail yard.\n- He moves one of the sails so that the yard catches Will and swings him out over the sea. Now, as long as you're just hanging there, pay attention.\n1.1(of school, prison)patio masculino\n- Five or six trips to the dump yard on the far lands and I stopped for something to eat.\n- These traders require access to their stores and yards to run their businesses.\n- My father has a little family business, a scrap-metal business with a yard and lorry.\n- I went by a yacht yard beside the highway every day and one day stopped in and began admiring a Compac yacht.\n- That option is likely to suit businesses such as Benchmark which require large storage yards.\n- You'd ride over a rise and into a storage yard full of pipe and conduit.\n- It is understood that a considerable amount of waste material lies under the yard at the site, pictured above.\n- Just north of the Metrorail transfer station we passed Amtrak's yards and Miami area station on the left.\n- Young arsonists were today blamed for a blaze which ripped through a caravan, nearly destroying a storage yard.\n- It's a suburb choked with car yards and petrol stations, but everything was either closed or cap-less.\n- Their recreation area is a yard, measuring 45 feet by 20, with a steel mesh covering on top.\n- The area which used to be the service yard for Tesco would be transformed into a riverside arena, resembling an amphitheatre.\n- Sister ship HMS Enterprise is currently undergoing construction at the same yard, and is due to enter service next year.\n- The gang loaded the bikes which all had keys in the ignition on to a trailer belonging to garage owner Rhett Fisher, who leases part of his yard to the business.\n- There have been six major fires at fridge storage yards in the region - the latest in October at the yard in Stock Lane, Chadderton.\n- Sixty new buildings and skyscrapers costing over $700 million shot up on former rail yards and warehouse areas.\n- Provision of adequate storage yards at metro stations.\n- You can substitute materials lying around your yard.\n- Montague says they are doing everything they can do to control the beetles, and that includes implementing preventative measures at the mill yard.\n- Prosecuting counsel Amy Nicholson told the court that on January 23 the police searched the yard of a business run by Murphy and Sanderson.\n- As well, Greenpeace and the ITF are jointly campaigning against the pollution and exploitation at the world's ship wrecking yards.\n- Twenty interns in six unions worked on campaigns including in call centres, furniture factories, transport yards, hospitals and hotels.\n- But, unknown to her owner, for the past three weeks Tiny has been wandering into the yard at Clacton police station looking for food and attention.\n- He had previously used the yard for the purposes of an ambulance business which had ceased to trade in about 1995.\n1.2(of house)patio masculino Britanico(garden) jardín masculino EEUU\n- You may even find some that prove more useful in the yard and garden than in your kitchen.\n- So, you have decided to plant rose bushes in your yard or on your patio, porch or balcony.\n- You'd get to know them, and pretty soon we were just like anybody else hanging out in the yard.\n- Since it's my tree, can I trim the branches even though they hang over onto his yard?\n- Our neighbors had a guava tree with branches that hung over into our yard.\n- She scuttled over the window and ran out the yard sailing over the chain link fence and jumping into the car as it drove away.\n- Most of us consider our yards and gardens an extension of our homes, and we look for sanctuary and privacy there.\n- I thought I wouldn't care so much, but I'd like to garden and have a yard just to stand in the grass.\n- If you've got a problem with mosquitoes, you can also place a few citronella candles around the yard or patio.\n- I used a large tree in my yard as the main brace, and worked around that.\n- Or brick can form a subtle, natural path through your yard, linking patio and gardens.\n- Everyone else was going to take down the giant sunflowers and dead tomato plants in my garden and get the yard ready for winter.\n- We have the occasional sighting of a bluejay or a cardinal, but that doesn't make up for the lower class of birds who hang out in my yard.\n- A malnourished kitten has been hanging around my yard and alley lately.\n- Well, you see, though Thomas needed the money and was willing to work for it, his work in her yard and gardens were terrible.\n- Kim and her family moved to this house in 1991, and Kim immediately began to renovate the neglected yard.\n- I want to start a vinyard, and an organic garden in my yard, because I've got a couple of acres…\n- While most of us are preparing our yards and gardens for the cooler weather, many in the warmer regions are still enjoying the fruits of their labor.\n- These signs grace the three nearest places I can get food, as well as the nearest computer store, and the yards of three of my nearby neighbors.\n- Maybe it's the neighbor to the south who has the beautiful yard with the beautiful garden with the perfect fountain and the elegant rock formation.\n- His house was large, though not overly so, and beautiful, the lawn perfectly manicured and flowers growing in perfect little gardens in the yard.\n2(workplace)almacén masculinodepósito masculinoboatyard — astillero\n- goods yard, freight yard — almacén\n- shipyard — astillero\n- goods yard, freight yard — almacén\n3the Yard — Scotland Yard\nLearning English? Read More About The Language Here!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mike Pickup is product manager at HESCO Bastion Ltd. During his 18 years of service in the British Army Royal Engineers, he deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan, Poland, Germany, Gibraltar, Falkland Islands, Northern Ireland, Cyprus, and the United States. He is a chartered mechanical engineer with extensive experience in force protection engineering, and recently took the time to answer a few questions for Defense about his firm’s ubiquitous gabion baskets, which have changed the construction of military fortifications worldwide.\nDefense: Were military uses originally foreseen for the bastions, or were they seen solely as devices for flood control and to combat erosion?\nMike Pickup: The initial products were principally aimed at flood prevention and erosion control, but over time gradually became acknowledged as the leading product in providing a rapid method of providing ballistic and blast protection.\nHow did it come about that they began to be used by the military? Did HESCO market them or was HESCO approached about military uses?\nHESCO Bastion Ltd. was approached by the military following a published article demonstrating how effective the gabion baskets were in combating coastal erosion.\nWhat is it about the product that makes it so well suited for military use?\nThe product is particularly well-suited for military use as it has outstanding blast and ballistic protection properties. The product is simple in nature and readily accepted by soldiers due to its performance and ease and speed of construction. The numerous variations of the product allow for a variety of problems to be addressed by altering the concertainer configurations and being able to rapidly respond to a change to the perceived threat level.\nCan you give some idea of the depth and breadth of use of HESCO Bastion products by militaries?\nHESCO Bastion products are used by militaries worldwide, principally providing perimeter and containment walls and protected accommodation and storage facilities. Due to their ease of construction, HESCO Bastion products have proved to be extremely versatile and are used for a variety of purposes, such as chicanes, weapon and gun emplacements, reinforcement of existing structures, bollards, etc.\nWhat about other uses? Although we see the military uses every day in this industry, I understand that HESCO gabions were used to reinforce the levees in New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, for example.\nThe uses for HESCO Bastion products are numerous; they have been supplied to the United Nations for humanitarian purposes and are also used in the construction industry for creating structures such as earth embankments and retaining walls, erosion control, and flood protection and prevention.\nWhat sort of development has gone on with the products? How wide a range of products does HESCO Bastion produce today?\nAll HESCO Bastion products undergo a rigorous development process to ensure the user gets a robust and fault-free product. HESCO Bastion produces a comprehensive array of products, ranging from small gabion baskets of 0.61 meters high to baskets in excess of 2 meters high. HESCO Bastion also manufactures the HESCO Accommodation Bunker for up to eight personnel, which can be converted into a medical facility, and also the larger Extended Overhead Protection System [EOPS], which provides a much larger protected working area. HESCO has also recently introduced recoverable units, which allows the product to be reused and/or easily removed.\nCan you describe the RAID system and its advantages?\nRAID is a system developed by HESCO Bastion to allow the rapid deployment of a number of units which can then be filled to provide a substantial level of force protection in a very short period of time. The advantage over conventional HESCO Bastion gabions is in the nature of its deployment from an ISO container.\nWhat can you tell us about the two types of HESCO Accommodation Bunker? What are the advantages of these structures?\nThe HESCO Accommodation Bunker provides a rapidly constructed method of providing secure accommodation for up to eight personnel. The bunker provides protection against indirect fire up to and including 122 mm rockets.\nThis interview was first published in Defense: Winter 2012 Review Edition.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Climate courses for capacity building\nWageningen Climate Solutions\nBY Annemieke Groenenboom - September 2019\nFrom parched agricultural land to massive floods and landslides – the consequences of climate change are enormous. How can society continue to function under such changing circumstances? According to Wageningen University & Research experts Ingrid Gevers and Arend Jan van Bodegom, who train over 120 climate professionals from around the world every year, resilience will be the key to success.\n“While many countries have a strategy for climate adaptation and risk management, they mainly look for technological solutions, such as seeds for climate-proof crops. Human adaptability is just as important, however, as it is ultimately farmers themselves who will have to change their farming systems. And that requires resilience – the ability to process setbacks and bounce back after major change. We believe that climate experts must pay greater attention to this factor,” says Arend Jan van Bodegom, senior advisor on climate change adaptation at Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation.\nCapacity building: how to influence mindsets\nBuilding resilience requires new knowledge, according to Van Bodegom’s colleague Ingrid Gevers, senior advisor on climate change. “But above all it means knowing how to use this knowledge, when to act and how to influence people's mindsets so that they change their ways. We call this ‘capacity building’ and it’s what our climate courses are all about. No matter how much our students know and can do, they also have to be able to mobilize their stakeholders.”\nPeople in Tanzania go in search of water. Photo: Shutterstock\nSwitch to drought-resistant crops\n“Imagine a farmer whose crops fail due to extreme drought. To sustain his livelihood, he could switch to drought-resistant crops. That requires knowing which crops are most suitable – knowledge – and how to grow them – skills. But knowing what to grow and how to grow it will not make him change his practice. The key is having the will to change and to take the risk – and that’s why the right mindset is such a vital part of capacity building,” explains Gevers.\nI’VE LEARNED TO MAKE PLANS TOGETHER WITH THE LOCAL COMMUNITIES INSTEAD OF BEHIND MY DESK\nStudents become teachers\nWageningen Centre for Development Innovation, part of WUR, has been giving climate courses at strategic global hubs since 2009. Gevers coordinates ‘Managing risk in the face of climate change’ in Thailand and Van Bodegom is in charge of ‘Climate-change adaptation in food security and natural resource management’ in Uganda. Climate professionals from governments, NGOs and universities around the world attend these courses, often with a grant from Nuffic, a Dutch NGO for internationalization in education. They come to broaden their knowledge about climate change and learn how to prepare their practitioners to deal with its consequences. Questions answered in the courses include: How do experts from other countries do this? How do you share knowledge and activate stakeholders?\nLong lasting droughts result in dead plants and cracked earth. Photo: Shutterstock\nNo solution without understanding the context\nLearning to look at problems within their local context while at the same time recognizing how they are intertwined and connected to the landscape is the key lesson, according to Gevers. “Our students often underestimate the importance of this. But you have to fully understand the entire picture before you can come up with solutions. What is the current situation? How did we get here? And where are we heading? If the average temperature is projected to rise by two degrees, you need to anticipate and take action now. Ask the right questions, such as: What does this mean for people, plants and animals? Will there be crop failures and more heat waves? Is food security impacted? Who has the power to decide how to respond?”\nSuch an analysis forms the basis of the course. The course itself starts with theory so everyone has a basic understanding of the most important concepts. For instance, what’s the difference between climate and weather? What is resilience? Next, participants divide into teams to work on a practical case. This can be an example from the country where the course is taking place or from somewhere else. They select a hotspot to map: an area inhabited by many – often poor – people vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The result is a visual representation with symbols highlighting natural resources, buildings, farmland and other elements that are at risk. Based on this, participants go into the field to talk with stakeholders and develop a climate action plan. The course leaders supervise and coach this process.\nNO MATTER HOW MUCH OUR STUDENTS KNOW AND CAN DO, THEY ALSO HAVE TO BE ABLE TO MOBILIZE THEIR STAKEHOLDERS\nStudents develop a climate outlook for hotspots. Photo: Ingrid Gevers\nPresentation of a case study and its climate impacts. Photo: Ingrid Gevers\nUgandan course coordinator Florence Kyazze uses a game to explain the challenges small farmers face in becoming more climate resilient. Photo: Arend-Jan van Bodegom\nNo more overly simple solutions\nHotspot mapping seems like simple logic, but students often find it an eye-opener. Gevers: “It helps them to better understand the complexity of the system, the key factors and how they are related. That is important if you are to come up with appropriate solutions. For example, I know a country where the government built a concrete wall off the coast to protect the community from flooding. Sure enough, the wall kept the water out – but also blocked access for fish and nutrients to the mangrove forest behind it, meaning a smaller catch for fishermen and destruction of the natural coastal defence system. We see too many of these types of solutions that do more harm than good in the end.”\nTHE RIGHT MINDSET IS SUCH A VITAL PART OF CAPACITY BUILDING\nTogether with local communities\nBernadetta Kabonesa, Senior Research Technician at the National Forestry Resources Institute (NaFORRI) in Uganda, was one of Gevers' students. “If I’ve learned one thing from this, it’s to make plans together with the local communities instead of behind my desk. They know the area like no other. We’re now also jointly taking measures like planting trees in places where residents can be affected by floods or landslides in the mountains. The community accepts democratically agreed measures much better than decisions imposed from above by the government.”\nFlooded streets in Bangladesh. Photo: Sk Hasan Ali / Shutterstock\nRole-playing games for insight into interests\nThe second lesson Gevers mentions is the translation of knowledge into a clear message. It is important to know who to talk to, and how, in order to get a story out there and mobilize people. “This requires personal skills, such as presentation techniques. I often let the students do presentations and I encourage formats that are more creative than PowerPoint, such as illustrations or working with artists. This helps the message sink in better.”\nIn Wageningen there is a unique Master’s programme called . It’s the first Master’s in the Netherlands to bundle expertise from the Earth, Life and Social Sciences. The programme is aimed specifically at students who wish to focus on the scientific knowledge about climate change and the interactions with society and the economy.\nClimate Studies alumni go on to work as researchers at international research institutes and universities or as experts at environmental organizations or other NGOs. Local and national governments and the EU also need climate change specialists.\nThere are currently about 100 students on this two-year programme. Since the start of the programme in 2002, almost 200 students have graduated. Most students are Dutch, but there are also some from other countries. The MSc programme wants to attract more international students because people from different parts of the world experience and perceive climate change impact, mitigation and adaptation differently, which brings a wealth of experiences and perspectives to the classroom.\nThe damage from a tsunami and earthquake in Indonesia. Photo: Capture63 / Shutterstock\nLobbying and advocacy\nVan Bodegom adds, “And last, but not least, the students learn: How do we ensure proper cooperation and awareness about the need to take action? How do we facilitate it and with what tools? We use the ‘lobby & advocacy’ game for this. Students take on the role of companies and the government to discuss the importance of climate change. This gives an insight into conflicting interests so they can better influence the mindset of stakeholders and build support for their plans, increasing resilience among partners.”\nLearning by doing work in the field\nMustafa Hasani, lecturer in Natural Resources at Kabul University, took Van Bodegom's course. In addition to the three learning points, he was particularly impressed by the teaching method. The crucial thing for students is to get to work and go out into the field – they learn most from learning by doing. Hasani is an example of a professional who is now passing on his knowledge and even adopting the teaching approach. Besides teaching in class, he has integrated new methods for in-depth learning, like inviting stakeholders’ representatives, visiting fields, talking to communities and role-playing. “This makes students more motivated to get started and come up with better solutions,” Hasani says. “And it makes my lectures more effective, which is vital as I am teaching the next generation of climate professionals.”\nA new climate change adaptation course will be offered in French later this year. And to cover all aspects of climate change, the institute is developing a course on access to climate finance, tackling questions like: Where can I find financing? What are the conditions? And how can I formulate a 'bankable' project? Gevers will give the first refresher course on 'Climate finance and migration' in Senegal this coming October.\nAre you interested in a short course on climate change? Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation offers six different climate courses.\nDo you wish to build capacities for climate change?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By Chris Keefer, Field Technical Manager, Syngenta Professional Pest Management\nThe house fly is a “cosmopolitan” pest that can be found in habitats around the world, and in close proximity of humans. This pest can also be known to transmit viruses, bacteria and fungi. As a Pest Management Professional (PMP), it is imperative to be able to distinguish between the many flies that can be commonly found in residential and commercial settings before identifying a treatment plan.\n- The house fly adult:\n- Has four black longitudinal stripes on dorsal side of thorax\n- Varies in length from 1/8 to 1/4 inch\n- Can lay 100-150 eggs in organic material\n- Completes metamorphosis in seven to 21 days\n- Lives 14 to 21 days\nAs with any pest infestation, developing an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan for house fly control is recommended. A thorough, sustainable IPM plan should include these basic guidelines:\n- Be certain that you have correctly identified the fly species first, as many different species look alike\n- Determine how severe the fly infestation is and identify all areas of property that are infested\n- Identify and eliminate house fly requisites for life, like food, water and harborages\n- Determine who is responsible for each part of an IPM plan (the PMP or the customer) and effectively communicate the customer’s part of the plan to them\nSanitation, exclusion, mechanical and chemical control should all be kept in mind through the entire IPM planning process. If house flies are discovered and chemical control is necessary, Zyrox® Fly granular bait from Syngenta provides effective fly control with a novel active ingredient and a highly attractive formulation. With the active ingredient cyantraniliprole, Zyrox has a different mode of action than other fly baits on the market and can help combat fly resistance. It can be utilized outdoors as a scatter bait or used in a bait station indoors.\nBy following a plan and being knowledgeable about the target pest, you can ensure your customers aren’t bothered by the nuisance of house flies. For more information about house fly control, contact your local Syngenta territory manager.\nBennett, G. W., J. M. Owens, and R. M. Corrigan. 1997. Truman’s Scientific Guide to Pest Control Operations. Advanstar Communications Inc., Cleveland, OH.\nEbelling, Walter. 1975. Urban Entomology. University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences. Los Angeles, CA.\nMallis, A. 1990. Handbook of Pest Control. Franzak and Foster Co., Cleveland, OH.\n©2017 Syngenta. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties and/or may have state-specific use requirements. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration and proper use. For Life Uninterrupted™, Zyrox® and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Syngenta Customer Center: 1-866-SYNGENT(A) (796-4368).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Inside the mouths of cats everywhere, teeth are disappearing. It’s not the odd tooth lost to trauma or periodontal disease; instead, it’s teeth that are essentially disintegrating. In fact, you might lift your cat’s lip and find only gum tissue where there once was a tooth.\nWhy is this happening? As part of Pet Dental Health Month, we’re sharing insights into this common, and often painful, cat dental condition: tooth resorption.\nAlthough tooth resorption can occur in dogs, it’s much more common in cats, affecting between 20 percent to 70 percent of felines. It tends to occur in adult and older cats, generally sparing those under two years of age. Purebred breeds, such as Persians, Abyssinians, Siamese, Russian blues, Scottish folds, and Oriental shorthairs are more commonly affected than mixed breed cats.\nWhat is feline tooth resorption?\nIt’s a syndrome in which specialized cells called odontoclasts destroy a permanent tooth from within, often progressing to every part of the tooth. The resorptive process often irreparably destroys the dentin — the dense, bony tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth — until there’s very little or nothing left of it.\nWhat causes this condition?\nAlthough affected teeth may have the “moth-eaten” appearance of a human cavity on X-ray, experts don’t believe these lesions are actually cavities, which are typically caused by bacterial plaque and periodontal disease. Brushing your cat’s teeth is not likely to prevent this condition (but it can help prevent periodontal disease). In fact, the exact cause for these lesions is still unknown.\nThe process has been likened to the erosion that happens to the teeth of people with bulimia, from exposure to acidic stomach contents. Some have proposed that hacking up hairballs may lead to a more acidic environment in feline mouths, but this has not been proven.\nIs it painful?\nCats with the condition rarely show signs of pain, especially when the resorptive lesions are below the gumline. But once the lesions spread above the gum, exposure to bacteria can lead to inflammation. And if the process has eaten into the tooth pulp cavity, which contains a nerve, we can guess that this is painful.\nIt’s common to see resorptive lesions where the tooth meets the gumline. On close inspection, it may appear as a bright-red indentation in the tooth. When the veterinarian touches this lesion with a probe, cats often “chatter” their jaws in reaction.\nWhat are the signs?\nBecause cats are generally a stoic sort, the signs of tooth resorption are often subtle. You may notice that your cat swallows kibble without chewing or tilts his or her head to chomp exclusively on one side. Your cat may drop food out of its mouth when eating or have difficulty picking up food in the first place. When the pain becomes more severe, your cat might drool, shake its head, sneeze, rub at its face or refuse to eat.\nHow are resorptive lesions diagnosed and treated?\nIf you suspect that your cat may have oral pain, it’s best to schedule a veterinary dental exam under anesthesia with X-rays. That will enable the doctor to thoroughly examine your cat’s teeth both above and below the gumline.\nIf your veterinarian finds any tooth resorption, extraction may be required to relieve pain, prevent the progression of resorption and help your cat keep eating comfortably.\nThe information in this blog has been developed with our veterinarian and is designed to help educate pet parents. If you have questions or concerns about your pet's health or nutrition, please talk with your veterinarian.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "FRIDAY, June 14, 2013 — Levi Strauss was greeted with little controversy or fanfare when he decided to patent his jeans — Levi’s. The same cannot be said for Myriad Genetics and its desire to patent human genes, specifically the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. On Thursday the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that human genes cannot be patented.\nHowever, just as there are other pants with patents, there are genes other than the BRCA1 and BRCA2 that have been patented. These gene patents have allowed companies to exclusively create and market diagnostic tests for many diseases.\nWith the lift on these gene patents could come a new wave of genetic testing, and the options for patients and doctors could increase dramatically.\n\"The issue is that some people who are uninsured or underinsured, who would benefit from a BRCA test, would not be able to get it because of the price, but now they will have access to it,\" said Susan Klugman, MD, director of reproductive genetics at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. \"People were afraid to do research on some of these genes because of a fear of being sued.\"\nQuest Diagnostics and DNATraits are two companies that have already said they will create genetic tests based on genes previously patented by other companies.\nHere are some genes, other than BRCA1 and BRCA2, that had been restricted under patents but should now be open for further research:\n- miR-34, patented by Merck: miR-34 is a genetic biomarker believed to be associated with the development of some cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The location and quantity of the gene in the brain has also been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.\n- APC, patented by Imperial Chemical Industries: Inactivation of the APC gene is considered the most common mutation for colon cancer. Currently, protein truncation testing (PTT) is available to detect the APC gene variant linked to higher colon cancer risks. Interactions between the gene and neurons have also been linked to schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and some forms of epilepsy.\n- Huntingtin, patented by Alynlam Pharmaceuticals: Huntington’s disease is a rare genetic disorder that weakens the brain and causes problems with muscle coordination, mental abilities, and emotions. If a parent has the condition, their children have a 50 percent chance of getting the disease. There is a genetic test from Alynlam for the mutated gene and the disease.\n- AFP, patented by Constab Pharmaceutical: Serum screening for levels of AFP in pregnant women can detect Down syndrome in an unborn fetus. The test can also detect Edwards syndrome – a disorder that can cause kidney malformations, heart defects, and numerous developmental problems.\n- HFE, patented by Progentior: Mutations to the HFE gene is linked to the disorder hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). The condition causes the body to absorb too much iron, which can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, and arthritis. A genetic blood test can be used to diagnose the inherited disorder.\nLast Updated: 6/14/2013", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A painted lady and cabbage white butterfly fly through the pergola. There are lots of butterflies around, and bees too, in the remaining flowering plants: hollyhocks, globe thistles, gazanias, and lychnis. But it is also the time of year for blackberries and there are quite a few by the side of the pond, but difficult to get at as they are surrounded by stinging nettles. Aren’t bramble thorns enough?\nThere are more blackberries at the back of the container, poking over the hedge. These are difficult to get at too, but that’s because of all the junk we have shoved back there. I am surprised the birds haven’t got them all.\nBotanically, blackberries are not berries at all. The common definition of a berry is small soft fruit without a stone but having small pips instead. Examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, redcurrants and blackcurrants. Soft fruit is the horticultural term for such fruits. And blackberries make the team.\nBut berry has a different botanical meaning. A true berry is fleshy fruit, formed from the ovary of a single flower, with seeds embedded in the flesh. Examples are tomatoes, grapes, kiwi fruits, bananas and cucumbers. This definition does not include blackberries (or raspberries and strawberries).\nIt is an interesting example of how botany and common names diverge. Scientific definitions need to be precise. Not that any of us are going to call a blackberry anything other than a blackberry, though strictly it is an aggregate of drupelets. Each drupelet contains a seed. Blackdrupelets? I don’t think that will catch on.\nBlackberries are in the family Rosaceae of which some members are drupes full and proper, like plums and peaches. A drupelet is just a small drupe, and makes me wonder just how something like the blackberry developed. I am reminded of the family of flowers called compositae where lots of flowers form one flowerhead in plants like the dandelion and the daisy. Nature does this sort of thing, just to confuse us amateurs.\nI take a seat and quietly watch one of the bird feeders. I see a group of sparrow fledgelings, small and quite scrawny, feeding. They have recently left the nest, and in just a few months have to cope on their own. It’s a tough life being a bird, the chances of getting to adulthood are not great, though better than a tadpole’s, which is why frogs lay so many eggs and birds a lot less.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In simple detail, young readers can read about a favorite topic: astronauts. Here they will learn some of the basic vocabulary of space travel and the many tasks astronauts have to do.\nThe natural world comes alive for young readers with Rookie Read-About Science! With striking, full-color photos and just the right amount of text, this series immediately involves young readers as they discover intriguing facts about the fascinating world around them.\n• Simplifies complex science concepts\n• Clear linkage between text and photos\n• \"Words You Know\" clarify and define key concepts\n• Index makes navigating subject matter easy\n- 6, 7, 5\n- Interest Level\n- Grades K - 2\n- Grade Level Equivalent\n- Lexile Measure\n- Guided Reading\n- Children's Press (CT)\n- Number of Pages", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By CHRIS STANTON\nFrom self-help gurus to television personalities, many people have an opinion on how to find happiness. Prof. Shimon Edelman, psychology, has been exploring a more scientific approach to the subject — and says he believes people can only attain lasting happiness through “self-knowledge.”\nIn a book published last year, The Happiness of Pursuit: What Neuroscience Can Teach Us About the Good Life, Edelman applied the idea that the brain operates like a computer — a concept termed “cognition is computation” — to study how people find fulfillment in their daily lives.\n“The book is very much about self-knowledge, which is a prerequisite for anything you want to plan for yourself in life,” Edelman said. “We all drive cars without knowing very much about what’s going on under the hood. But, if you want the car to run better, you need to tune the motor and understand how it works.”\nEdelman joins some of his fellow psychologists in advocating the idea that both the universe and individual minds operate like complex computers. He said he incorporates that line of logic in all areas of his research, including his studies on what comprises happiness.\n“The universe is a giant computer computing its state from moment to moment, and that’s what makes the world go round,” Edelman said. “Cognition is computation which is done in particular ways that involve representing some part of the world by another part of it. It computes visual-auditory variables we are unconscious of.”\nHappiness as a field of study has come to the forefront in the last two decades, according to Prof. James Cutting, psychology, chair of the psychology department. The growing popularity of research on happiness has helped spark growth in the self-help industry, Cutting said. But he and Edelman agreed that many publications pertaining to the topic do not have psychological grounds.\n“Much of it is snake oil,” Edelman said. “And snake oil salesman have historically always done very well for themselves. Only some of it is grounded in psychological findings.”\nEdelman — a Russian emigrant who completed his undergraduate, master’s and Ph.D. in Israel — has spent the majority of his long career researching other areas of study not pertaining to happiness. He has published dozens of essays in the field of psychology pertaining to topics ranging from vision to consciousness.\n“Even though this is not my main area of research, I wrote the book because I thought I could offer a concise overview of claims about self-knowledge,” Edelman said.\nWith a book that stands at just more than 100 pages in length, Edelman has drawn attention from a variety of sources for his happiness research, having been featured in a Huffington Post article and in Cornell’s summer lecture series.\n“It’s always good when professors in the department get this kind of attention for their research,” Cutting said. “There’s a lot more coverage now with new forms of media, and one of those things getting more coverage is psychology.”\nThough Edelman has explored different areas of research since the publication of his book, he continues to stress the importance of studying happiness.\n“We are getting to the truth of the matter,” Edelman said in a lecture given July 31 at Cornell’s summer sessions. “But the truth of the matter will not be simple. Minds are not simple.”\nIn the lecture, Edelman discussed the overlap between his research and theories laid out in the classics, citing figures from Aristotle to ancient Indian thinkers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pasture to Plate is a healthy eating and cookery/recipe competition aimed at promoting healthy eating and seasonal cooking as part of a healthy balanced diet.\nBy empowering students with knowledge of where their food comes from, the initiative allows students to make healthy choices into the future and encourages a heightened knowledge of local Irish produce, following completion of the competition.\nFor more information please contact firstname.lastname@example.org\n- Create and submit one (or more) Irish inspired recipes.\n- This could be a twist on a local Irish dish or an entirely new recipe altogether.\n- Teachers and students are encouraged to use as much local, Irish produce as possible in their recipe.\n- Gain an understanding of the importance of locality and Irish grown produce as well as the “farm to fork” journey.\n- Enhance generational change, ensuring participating students become informed consumers when making purchasing decisions as young adults.\nOther Primary School Programmes you may be interested in!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "For parents who are keen on grammar school as their preferred option for the education of their child at age 11, it can be a dilemma knowing if tutoring them for the 11 plus entry tests is the right option to go down. It also poses questions such as how children can be assisted with preparation through study at home, if tutoring is not a realistic or preferred option and when to start this process of preparation, to ensure that the child is enthused and engaged with the process, not bored and un-motivated when the test day arrives.\nHere are a few pieces of advice for parents regarding if, how and when to prepare for the 11 plus.\nWhat format do the Buckinghamshire 11+ tests take?\nYour child will take two verbal reasoning tests each of 50 minutes, with each one containing 80 questions. Each question carries 1 mark.\nThe tests are in multiple choice format containing 21 question types which are all covered at least once across the two papers. The children need to mark one or two answers from a choice of five or six options, depending on the question type. The answer sheets bear a resemblance to lottery number forms and are completed by striking through the appropriate answer box with a pencil.\nThe child’s highest score in the two tests is called the verbal reasoning test score (VRTS) and children must sit both tests for the score to be valid. The verbal reasoning questions do not relate to national curriculum subject study, rather they are focussed on testing the child’s ability to think through and solve problems through using words, letters and sometimes numbers. The tests also aim to challenge the child’s ability to work fast and accurately under time pressure. Use of rough paper is not permitted while taking the tests.\nThe bench mark score which children need to achieve is 121 or more in at least one test. If they have attained this score or higher, they have qualified for a grammar school place. About 30% of children usually get a VRTS score of 121 or higher. If your child scores 121 or higher, this does not however guarantee a place at a grammar school. Your child’s school allocation will also depend on the order of preferences when you applied for a secondary school and the schools’ own admission rules.\nWhat will the primary or independent prep school do to prepare my child for the 11 plus?\nBucks County Council provides a familiarization pack for the tests which contains a work book with examples of all types of question and three practice tests of 80 questions. Primary schools will start their limited familiarization lessons with children in the summer term of year 5 and the children will sit the three practice familiarization tests when they return to school in the September of year 6.\nThe 11 plus test is designed to test a child’s ‘untapped’ potential and it is therefore frowned upon for Buckinghamshire primary schools to do any preparation work with children, in addition to the familiarization above. With the explosion of tutoring companies and resources aimed at practice and learning techniques for parents to give their child a helping hand to ‘pass’ the test, it is difficult to say that those children who now ‘pass’ the test are necessarily those with the ‘natural’ academic ability and potential.\nEvery parent should ask themselves, before going down the route of tutoring for the 11 plus, is grammar school the right option for my child? If they just scrape in because they have been tutored and done practice tests since they were age 9, are they really going to thrive in a grammar school environment, where they may very well become a little fish in a very big pond and could well be in sets 5 or 6 for a range of subjects? Ask yourself what this might do to their confidence and hence academic progress?\nIf your child is in a school outside Buckinghamshire, the familiarization pack will be mailed to you at home after registration to sit the tests. Independent Schools will follow their own programme of preparation and practice for the tests, so it is best to ask your individual school.\nWhen should I start to assist my child to prepare for the 11 plus and how can I do this?\nThe types of questions in the Buckinghamshire 11+ test fall into three broad categories:\nThose that require vocabulary skills.\nThose that require mental maths skills.\nThose that require the ability to identify, copy and complete patterns and codes.\nThe vocabulary skills and mental maths skills need to be built up over a period of time and are not just a matter of practising technique, but the third category of questions, which relates to patterns and codes, can be taught and practised nearer to the time of the test.\nYears 3 and 4\nA wide vocabulary and accurate spelling are essential for Verbal Reasoning papers. There is no need to let your child know at this stage that the 11 plus lies ahead, but you can do a great deal to assist them in preparing at this stage, without their knowing this is what you are doing. Always keep it fun!\nReading widely is essential for the development of vocabulary, so make sure that your child spends time each week with their head in a book. Make sure they read a diverse range of books of different types including non-fiction as these will use different vocabulary. It is sometimes best to set a regular time for this within their routine, so it does not get forgotten, for example for 30 minutes before lights out at bedtime. Discuss what they are reading with them, ask them about the story and listen to them read. Comprehension of words is equally important so ask them questions about what they are reading and check that they have understood the words. Make sure they know to stop and ask you about the meaning if they come across a word that they do not understand.\nPractice the spelling of words. There are many ways to make this fun by bringing spelling games into your family routine. There are frequently trick questions on Verbal Reasoning papers where a child can be fooled by a variation in the spelling of two words that sound the same. One notorious example from a well-known practice paper is “Wales” and “whales”. Any child who is not aware of the accurate spelling of both words, and is also not secure in knowing that proper nouns (such as the names of countries) are always capitalised can fall foul of such tricks.\nYou could try the spellathon website. In aid of Mencap, this site has lots of fun activities to practice spelling culminating in the global spelling championships in March 2012. http://www.spellathon.net\nPractice times tables up to 12 to get your child used to numbers, basic operations with numbers and their relationships to one another. Setting a few time-based challenges at this stage can be fun and will help them to get used to not having all the time in the world to complete homework tasks.\nThis is when you should start to think about a plan of activity to build towards the 11 plus test at the start of year 6. If you plan to work with your child at home, try to remember the following:\nStart to do some work at home using 11 plus resources. Sit with them at first, to show that you are interested in what they are doing and they have your support and attention.\nPraise them for effort as well as for attaining good marks. It is very important to maintain their confidence and interest in the activity.\nMake sure that you ‘mark’ or test what they have done, to make sure you are not reinforcing incorrect work or missing a lack of understanding of certain types of question.\nKeep an eye on timing as it is no good them getting all of the questions correct if it takes 2 hours to complete what they will have to do in 50 mins in the real test.\nSpend some time on examination techniques such as passing on questions that they find too challenging, to allow time to get to the end of the test without missing out on questions they can answer. They can always go back if they have time.\nTry to listen to your child read for at least 20 minutes a day. Choose books in addition to what they are reading at school and perhaps devote a bit more time to this at the weekends. Don’t let them skim read, make sure they are not avoiding words they do not understand and encourage them to ask you the meaning whenever this occurs.\nWhat are the objectives of 11 plus preparation activity?\nTo familiarise your child with the 21 types of question likely to occur in the tests.\nTo teach your child the techniques necessary to identify and to answer the questions, type by type.\nTo maximise your child’s test speed and marks by way of timed practice exercises.\nTo motivate and encourage your child by recording scores achieved, so they can see the progress they are making and hence develop confidence.\nTaking all of this into account parents should be able to put together a schedule of planned activity which focuses on:\nPractice identifying question types\nGuiding your child through the techniques\nSetting and marking timed practice exercises\nGetting your child used to working in an examination environment, under test conditions and delivering correct answers under time pressures\nCompleting a personal record table of scores.\nRewarding progress and success. Keep it fun!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nutritional Guidelines for Teens\nCaloric requirements are only the starting point for healthy diets. The quality of one's diet is at least as important as the quantity. In order for parents to provide teens the knowledge and information they need to make healthy food choices, parents themselves must become somewhat familiar with the basics of good nutrition.\nFood provides human beings with the essential nutrients that are needed to sustain life. The essential nutrients for humans are: proteins, carbohydrates, fats and oils, minerals and vitamins, and water. Foods that are high in these essential nutrients are considered high quality foods or nutrient dense. These essential nutrients serve three primary functions: 1) to provide the body energy, 2) to promote the body's healthy growth and development, and 3) to regulate the body's functioning. However, only proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and oils, meet the first function; i.e., to provide the body energy (fuel) via the provision of calories. There are both high quality, healthy sources of these energy-providing nutrients, and low quality, unhealthy sources of these nutrients. In order to develop and maintain optimal health, the majority of food in one's diet should come from these high quality sources of nutrients. Thus, not only do adolescents need to eat the right amount of food, but they also need to eat foods which contain the right type of nutrients, and in the right proportions. Although these dietary principles apply to everyone, dietary considerations are particularly important for adolescents due to rapid physical growth that occurs during this developmental period.\nThe first type of energy-providing essential nutrients is protein. Proteins are nutrients that build and repair body tissue and are particularly important for the development of muscle mass in growing bodies. However, proteins have other important functions including brain development and brain functioning. In general, youth need between 5 to 7 ounces of protein a day, depending upon their overall daily caloric need. There are both animal and plant sources of proteins. Healthy, high quality animal sources of proteins include: fish, eggs, and lean meats low in saturated fats such as chicken, turkey, and lean cuts of beef and pork. Some dairy products are also good sources of protein such as reduced-fat cheeses (1 to 2 ounces). Plants can also provide high-quality, economical sources of proteins. Legumes (beans) are a good source of protein such as kidney beans, chickpeas (garbanzo beans), peanuts (a legume, not a nut), white beans, black beans, as well as soybeans and soy products such as tofu, to name but a few. Nuts and seeds (particularly lentils and quinoa) are other good sources of plant protein. However, it may be surprising what a one-ounce portion of protein actually looks like. One egg, one tablespoon of peanut butter, ¼ cup of cooked beans, and ½ ounce of nuts all equal one ounce of protein. Teens can learn to estimate their serving sizes without actually weighing their food. For instance, a three-ounce portion of meat is approximately the same size as a deck of playing cards.\nCarbohydrates are the second type of energy-providing essential nutrients and the most efficient form in this regard. Carbohydrates meet the body's immediate need for fuel to perform many functions such as moving, thinking, and learning to name but a few. In recent years, carbohydrates have earned an undeserved, bad reputation. Without carbohydrates the human body will eventually consume its own muscles to produce the energy it needs and if allowed to continued, we would die. Healthy high-quality carbohydrates are found in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Grains are the most calorie dense form of carbohydrates followed by fruits, and then vegetables. While everyone needs some carbohydrates to have enough energy to fuel the body, carbohydrates are not all created equal. For instance, sugar, carrots, and whole wheat bread are all carbohydrates. However, whole wheat bread and carrots are vastly superior to sugar because they contain other vital nutrients and fiber; i.e., they are nutrient dense. Therefore everyone needs to make smart choices about which carbohydrates to eat.\nIn general, teens need between 5 and 10 ounces of grains each day, depending on their overall caloric needs. In general, one ounce of bread is one slice of bread; one cup of breakfast cereal; or ½ cup of rice, pasta, or cooked cereal. The majority of adolescents' grain intake should be whole grains. Whole grain food products are a higher quality source of grains than refined, processed grains because whole grains provide more fiber and contain other essential nutrients (vitamins and minerals). While not technically a nutrient, fiber is important because it enables the body to metabolize carbohydrates more slowly so youth will feel full longer and will have more steady, even supply of energy. The process of refining grains removes the outer shell or bran from the grain, thus reducing or eliminating the natural fiber. Processed, refined grains include foods like white rice, white bread, white pastas, and many cold breakfast cereals made from refined grains. High quality, healthy whole grains include whole-wheat and other whole grain breads, whole-wheat pastas, oatmeal (not instant), barley, and long-grain brown rice.\nFruits and vegetables are another high quality source of carbohydrates that are nutrient dense; i.e., they contain many essential nutrients (vitamins and minerals), and are a good source of fiber. Unfortunately, few youth get enough fresh produce in their daily diet, especially vegetables. Only 13.8% of high school youth report eating the recommended amount of vegetables daily (Eaton, Kann, Kinchen, et al., 2010). In general, youth need 2 to 4 cups of vegetables daily. A one-cup serving of vegetables is about the same as one cup cooked or raw vegetables, 1 cup of vegetable juice, or 2 cups of leafy raw greens. Teens should try to eat a wide variety of colors and types of vegetables to ensure they get all the nutrients they need. As a general guideline, the darker or more vibrant the color, the more nutrients it contains. Dark green and orange vegetables such as spinach, kale, sweet potatoes, and carrots are all good picks. As well, vegetables should be eaten raw or lightly steamed whenever possible because excessive heat can destroy many of the essential nutrients found in vegetables. Fresh or frozen vegetables are usually a better choice than canned vegetables because heat during the canning process can destroy essential nutrients.\nLike vegetables, fruits are a high quality source of carbohydrates that are nutrient dense but they are also more calorie dense. In general, teens need 1 ½ to 2 ½ cups of fruit a day, and only 33.9% of your report consuming enough fruit daily (Eaton, Kann, Kinchen, et al., 2010). One cup of fruit equals roughly one cup fresh fruit, one cup canned fruit, 1 cup 100% fruit juice, or ½ cup dried fruit. The brighter-colored fruits tend to have more nutritional value. Strawberries, blueberries, bananas, kiwis, and oranges are all wonderful sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Fresh fruits also have fiber that can be absent from fruit juices or other processed fruit products. As well, fruit juice products, canned fruits, and dried fruits often contain added sugar which offers little nutritional value.\nFats and oils are the third type of energy-providing essential nutrients and the most calorie dense form. Fats are essential because certain vitamins are fat-soluble meaning they can only be absorbed and transported in the body via fat molecules. Fats also help to protect our immune system, help to maintain a proper body temperature, and help to maintain healthy cellular functioning. Because fats are so calorie dense, only a small amount is needed for optimal health. Adolescences need approximately 5-10 teaspoons a day, depending on their overall caloric needs. Like carbohydrates and proteins, there are high-quality, healthy fat choices, and low-quality, unhealthy choices. Saturated fats (found primarily in animal sources of proteins), and trans fat (found in many packaged food products such as crackers, cookies, cakes) are generally considered unhealthy and should be limited or avoided altogether. Healthy fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats) are those fats that promote neurological and cardiovascular health. These healthy fats are found fish, particularly wild salmon; vegetable oils, particularly olive and canola oils; and nuts and seeds.\nYou may recall at the beginning of this section we mentioned that vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients along with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and water. In a healthy, varied, and balanced diet, grains, fruits, and vegetables provide these vitamins and minerals. However, calcium is a mineral that deserves special mention because it is particularly important for adolescents to receive adequate amounts of calcium. During these years of rapid growth and development, the body needs calcium to build strong bones and teeth. As well, teenage bones and the bones of young adults still absorb calcium like a sponge. An adequate amount of calcium during these critical periods is believed to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. On average, teens need 1300 milligrams of calcium each day, which equates to about 3 cups of dairy products. Dairy products are a very good source of calcium but also contain high levels of unhealthy, saturated fats. Therefore, dairy products should be fat-free or reduced-fat products. One cup of dairy equals one cup of milk, one cup of yogurt, 1.5 ounces of natural cheese, or 2 ounces of processed cheese. One ounce of cheese is about the same size as four playing dice. While dairy products are perhaps the most common way to get adequate calcium there are also plant-based sources of calcium particularly broccoli, spinach, almonds, figs, oranges, and papaya.\nThe last and perhaps most critical of the essential nutrients is water. The blood, muscles, lungs and brain contain a lot of water. In fact, it is estimated our bodies are composed of approximately 70% water and we will die much more quickly without water than we would without food. Water transports nutrients, protects the joints and organs, is necessary for the elimination of waste, and helps to maintain core body temperature. Teens should be drinking water throughout the day. However, many youth receive the water they need in the form of sweet drinks such as juice, soda pop, so-called sports drinks, or other sweet beverages. By decreasing their consumption of plain, healthy water they increase their consumption of unhealthy amounts of sodium (salt) and sugars in all its various forms (sugar, corn syrup, fructose, etc). In order to encourage your teen to get enough water, it should be convenient and readily available. It is often simpler to pop open a nice cold can of soda, than to get a glass, fill it with ice, and then fill it with water. A glass of water is also not particularly portable. A healthy and environmentally-friendly option is to buy several plastic water bottles with caps and to re-fill them with tap or filtered water and store them in the refrigerator. These bottles can be carried to school, to sports practice, or consumed on-the-run. As we will see in the next section, the key to making healthy choices is often as simple as making healthy options convenient and readily available.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Controlling Rats and Mice in Swine Facilities\nPublish Date: April 4, 2012\nRats and mice can be a major economic threat around swine facilities. They consume and contaminate feed and cause feed losses through the gnawing of holes in feed sacks and wooden bins. They also have been implicated in maintaining or spreading diseases.\nAn Overview of Rodent Control for Commercial Pork Production Operations\nPublish Date: June 3, 2006\nThe house mouse (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), and roof rat (Rattus rattus) are common pests in and around livestock and farm facilities. Overall, the house mouse is the primary rodent pest for most confined farrow-to-finish operations. Norway rats and roof rats may affect both confinement operations as well outdoor operations such as hoop facilities, and pasture lot operations. Roof rats occupy the coastal areas of Washington, Oregon, and California, as well as a larger area along the Gulf and Atlantic Coast states from Texas east to Maryland. Roof rats are not established in the mid-western states.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Detail from an Offering Scene\nEgyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art\nOn View: Old Kingdom to 18th Dynasty, Egyptian Galleries, 3rd Floor\nOriginally this relief fragment belonged to a depiction of an offering bearer carrying three pintail ducks to the king. Amunemhat I used many Old Kingdom royal reliefs in the construction of his pyramid complex at Lisht, so it is sometimes difficult to distinguish reliefs made during his reign from original Old Kingdom works. Certain details of this exquisite fragment— particularly the elegant sweep of the duck’s wing and the unnatural bend of the servant’s fingers—suggest a Middle Kingdom date.\nca. 1938-1909 B.C.E. or earlier\nDynasty 12, or earlier\n18 1/16 x 9 3/16 in., 24.4 lb. (45.8 x 23.3 cm, 11.07kg) (show scale)\nCharles Edwin Wilbour Fund\nYou may download and use Brooklyn Museum images of this three-dimensional work in accordance with a Creative Commons license\n. Fair use, as understood under the United States Copyright Act, may also apply.\nPlease include caption information from this page and credit the Brooklyn Museum. If you need a high resolution file, please fill out our online application form\nFor further information about copyright, we recommend resources at the United States Library of Congress\n, Cornell University\n, Copyright and Cultural Institutions: Guidelines for U.S. Libraries, Archives, and Museums\n, and Copyright Watch\nFor more information about the Museum's rights project, including how rights types are assigned, please see our blog posts on copyright\nIf you have any information regarding this work and rights to it, please contact email@example.com\nDetail from an Offering Scene, ca. 1938-1909 B.C.E. or earlier. Limestone, pigment, 18 1/16 x 9 3/16 in., 24.4 lb. (45.8 x 23.3 cm, 11.07kg). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 52.130.2. Creative Commons-BY (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, 52.130.2_version4_PS9.jpg)\noverall, 52.130.2_version4_PS9.jpg. Brooklyn Museum photograph, 2015\n\"CUR\" at the beginning of an image file name means that the image was created by a curatorial staff member. These study images may be digital point-and-shoot photographs, when we don\\'t yet have high-quality studio photography, or they may be scans of older negatives, slides, or photographic prints, providing historical documentation of the object.\nFragment of limestone tomb relief. At left, portion of standing male servant holding in extended hands three pintail ducks. Below, cage or container with four geese. Fine workmanship.\nCondition: Broken into two pieces. Upper right surface gouged. Slight remains of brown and yellow paint on bodies of birds; fragments of red paint on man’s body.\nNot every record you will find here is complete. More information is available for some works than for others, and some entries have been updated more recently. Records are frequently reviewed and revised, and we welcome\nany additional information you might have.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Forest Peoples Programme E-Newsletter July 2011\nThe challenge of climate change has injected new energy – and funding – into forest policy-making. Ever since the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change agreed the need to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), there have been sustained calls by indigenous peoples and concerned NGOs, that forest peoples’ rights must be secured as part of this initiative. Texts agreed in Cancun accept that REDD must respect human rights and ensure the effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities, and funders must ‘safeguard’ these principles and ensure countries observe their international obligations. A new funder of REDD schemes, the Global Environment Facility has been persuaded to take more time developing its new safeguard policies to ensure consistency with these obligations.\nMost of the articles in this newsletter focus on the battle to put these commitments into practice. In Peru, voluntary REDD schemes in Madre de Dios and San Martin are proliferating without adequately taking rights into consideration. Indigenous peoples insist that their rights to their forests must be secured first before areas are allocated to conservation schemes, otherwise they will be excluded. A guest article from the Nishnawbe Aski Nation sets out their concerns with a similar challenge in Canada. In Cameroon, a study by FPP and partners shows that protected areas linked with REDD funding have been designed without adequate consultation. Although both the World Bank and WWF protest that it is too early to make this charge, we contend that prior engagement with and consent from rights-holders is required by international law. Indeed, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples notes that ‘low-carbon development strategies’, such as dam-building programmes in Costa Rica, by avoiding meaningful consultation and adequate impact studies, are seriously compromising indigenous peoples’ rights and undermining their right to self-determination. In Peru, sustained advocacy by indigenous organisations has secured commitments from the government and the World Bank to provide additional readiness funds to address land tenure issues.\nBuilding up the capacity of local communities and indigenous peoples to engage in these policy debates is a crucial part of this work. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we are working with local partners in Equateur Province to raise awareness about rights and REDD. In Uganda, DRC and Rwanda, FPP is helping Batwa communities to make 3-dimensional maps of their forest lands to show what these forests, from which Batwa have been excluded by protected areas, mean to them. Participatory map-making helps knit together communities and demonstrates to younger generations the value and relevance of the traditional knowledge of their elders. FPP and partners are now working with the IUCN to establish a new approach, dubbed the ‘Whakatane Mechanism’, to ensure protected areas respect indigenous peoples’ rights. We announce also an upcoming workshop on Gender and Land Tenure in Africa, taking place in Cameroon, to review how national land tenure laws need revising to meet each country’s international human rights obligations.\nGetting forest peoples’ rights effectively recognised and protected requires mobilisation and advocacy at all levels from the very local to the most global. We go forwards energised by the vigour in this shared endeavour.\nMarcus Colchester, Director, Forest Peoples Programme\nRead more content like this\n- Forest and Nature for Society (FONASO) programme announced 8-10 PhD positions- deadline November 1st 2011\n- Job vacancies: Forest Peoples Programme is recruiting for 2 job vacancies\n- Forest Peoples Programme (FPP)\n- EMPLOYMENT: ODI Programme Officer- Climate, Environment and Forests Programme\n- Questionnaire by UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples- Deadline 1 May 2011", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Precious and coveted jewelry items, which have become the object of a prosperous and profitable industry today, pearls are, above all, nature’s creations. Nothing could have existed – neither the jewelry, nor the metaphors involving the pearl, nor the millions of dollars – if the natural process had not existed first: some species of mollusks acquired, during evolution, the ability to isolate a foreign object, penetrated their body, by surrounding it with layers of mother of pearl and thus rendering it harmless. Does it sound boring? Not at all, it’s all so fascinating. The result of this normal physiological defense process is the magnificent composition called a pearl.\nThe genesis of a pearl begins with a banal – and unpleasant – fact. One day, a fragment of foreign organic matter or a parasite reaches the body of the mollusk; or an accidental injury causes a tissue fragment in the lining to reach another part of the body. Tired of this intruder, of which it can’t get rid of easily (it’s not just like some pebble that gets stuck in a shoe), the mollusk has learned, over time (hundreds of millions of years to be more precise) a proper method to mitigate the disturbing sensation: it covers the foreign object with layers and layers of a smooth, calcareous matter, thus isolating it and rendering it harmful, transforming it into an inert, rounded, less irritating formation for soft tissues and which, even if it can’t be eliminated, at least it’s easier to bear.\nMost mollusks possess this defense mechanism so that most can produce calcareous formations of different shapes, which can be considered pearls in a very broad sense of the term. Most of them have no commercial value – they are small limestone formations without an attractive appearance, without gloss, and they are of interest only to scientists or collectors, as curiosities of nature.\nWhat we call a “pearl” as jewelry – silky and glossy formations – are produced by a small number of bivalve mollusks (“oysters”, as they are popularly called) that have the particularity of secreting a material with a special structure, which also forms inside the shell: the mother of pearl. The same material is used by the oyster to insulate the irritating foreign objects, thus protecting the pearl.\nWhat is pearl farming?\nPearl farming can be defined as the industry responsible to produce pearls through the grafting of pearl oysters and thus producing cultured pearls. Cultured pearls make up almost all the pearls sold on the market today.\nJust like any other type of culture, pearl farming depends on environmental conditions and luck. Sometimes pearl farmers can obtain a very good yield and sometimes they may lose all their oysters, or the quality of the harvested pearls is not as good as it should be to have a high commercial value. Severe storms, excessive heat, and water pollution are just some of the factors that can influence the result of a pearl oyster culture and unfortunately, farmers can’t avoid these risks even with all the prevention measures they take.\nIn the past, oysters were simply collected from the ocean and people used to look for pearls and finding a natural pearl rarely happened. Now, modern pearl farming involves farmers growing their oysters on special farms. The sperm and eggs of high-quality oysters are collected and so a new generation of oyster larvae is created. The larvae float freely in the water until they are a few weeks old and they attached themselves to collectors. Collectors are used because, in the wild, oysters attach themselves to rocks or other formations during their growing phase.\nThe larvae are then moved into a controlled environment where they grow until they turn into baby oysters and are tended until they are 1-2 years old and they can be nucleated. The nucleation process differs depending on the type of oysters. Saltwater oysters are nucleated by using a bead made from mother of pearl surrounded by some mantle tissue from a donor oyster. The bead is placed in the gonad. Freshwater oysters are usually nucleated without using a bead. The mantle tissue is placed in the mantle of the gonad and the process can be done on both sizes. Freshwater oysters can produce up to 24-32 pearls per culturing cycle.\nAfter nucleating, some oysters may reject the implanted foreign object and can even die. However, most of them will recover after the procedure and start forming the pearl.\nEco-friendly pearl farming\nBecause of the rudimentary practices used in the past for pearl harvesting, some mollusk species came to the point of being extinct. The over-exploitation of oysters and mollusks stocks was very damaging for the marine life. For example, the so-called “pearl rush” that happened during the 19th century on the Mississippi River led to a decreasing of the oyster stock near to extinction. Millions of oysters were killed during the process not only because of the hunt for pearls but also because the shells were used to make buttons and other decorative objects.\nTherefore, an eco-friendly approach was necessary. Pearl farming has developed as a stand-alone industry, in which pearl oysters are specially grown for harvesting pearls and the harvesting process itself is done with much more care. Also, instead of simply disposing of the oysters after harvesting, some farmers have found ways to make use of the meat of the oysters, which is usually consumed locally. Unfortunately, pearl oyster species are not in demand on the fresh oyster meat market so it’s difficult to find a purpose for the oysters that need to be sacrificed after harvesting, but it’s not impossible.\nEco-friendly pearl farming is possible where pristine and thriving ecosystems exist because the water quality is the main factor that influences the high pearl yield as it provides the oysters with the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. Unsustainable oyster stock densities harm the environment, so pearl farming needs to be done with good measure, depending on the environmental conditions. Otherwise, the marine life can be affected as much as it would be from pollution or human impact.\nWhen good pearl farming practices are used, it can have a beneficial impact on the environment, even considering the biodiversity threats faced by the oceans and rivers on our planet. Pearl oyster farms contribute to the healthy development of many fish species, which can help sustain biodiversity and provide nutrients for the oysters. It’s a win-win situation both for the pearl farms and for marine life. Fish consume the encrusted organisms that are accumulated on the shells of the oysters and smaller fish can also use them as hiding places from other natural predators.\nNot only the environmental impact can be a beneficial one, but pearl farming also has a positive impact on local economies. It provides job opportunities for locals and they will not need to rely so much on other activities such as fishing. Pearl farmers also need to take care of the environment where they grow their oysters whether they like it or not because a healthy environment is a key to harvesting high-quality pearls.\nNatural pearls vs. fake pearls\nA natural pearl is made up of concentric layers of aragonite, a form of calcium carbonate crystallized in the form of hexagonal plates, with a thickness of 0.5 microns, consolidated by thin layers of a protein called conchiolin.\nNaturally formed pearls, following the accidental penetration of a foreign object into the shell of the oysters, are rarely found, hence the exorbitant prices for which they are traded.\nIn the 20th century, when the foundations of industrial-type production were laid, the pearl market was flooded with cultured pearls, much cheaper than the “wild” ones. Pearl farming is based on a combination between human intervention and the natural process of depositing the layers of mother of pearl around a foreign object, the human intervention consisting in the introduction into the soft tissues of the oyster of that foreign body.\nCultured pearls, even if produced in large quantities, are not, however, easy to obtain. Oysters need years to make a pearl – the more years, the bigger the pearl. Only about 5% of the cultured pearls are of high quality, having almost perfect sphericity and iridescent gloss that make them suitable for use in the luxury jewelry industry. Natural pearls can be distinguished from those of culture by X-ray examination.\nLarge quantities of pearl imitations, made by technological processes, not grown in mussels, circulate on the market. Some are made of other natural materials (such as pieces of mother of pearl from shells and sanded as spherical beads); others, such as the so-called Majorica pearls, are glass spheres covered with several layers of oriental essence – a mixture that contains, among other things, fish scales that give the glossy appearance, in an attempt to mimic the appearance of true pearls.\nA small number of oyster species produce pearls of commercial value and are therefore grown on pearl farms:\n- Marine species of the genus Pinctada – approximately 6 commonly exploited species; they live in the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, in the warm regions of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans.\n- Species of the genus Pteria, also marine – a pearl shell usually produces a single pearl at a time.\n- Freshwater oyster species of the genus Hyriopsis (in Asia) and Amblema (in North America); in these species, a single shell can produce several pearls at once – even over 20.\nAnother species historically known for the beautiful pearls it produces (and from which it also received its scientific name) is Margaritifera margaritifera, a freshwater shell from Europe and North America, unfortunately, threatened with extinction and becoming today the object of some protection programs.\nDifferent species produce pearls of different shades – from white to yellow-gold (in the Philippines), from pink to dark-gray, very expensive, known as “Tahitian black pearls”.\nObtaining pearls through pearl farming\nCurrently, cultured pearls are obtained, in broad lines, by two processes: one that uses only tissue fragments inserted in the oyster, often obtaining pearls of irregular shape; another in which, next to the tissue fragment, a small round bead is inserted, around which the oyster will deposit the mother of pearl, the result being a pearl closer to the spherical shape – the most precious in the jewelry industry.\nOccasionally, beads of another form are used, which the oysters cover with mother of pearl, resulting in cultured pearls with more unusual patterns.\nPearl farms exist especially in Asian countries, both for freshwater and “sea” pearls.\nThe nucleated oysters are raised in water, using some nets. After 2-5 years from nucleating – depending on the species and the type of pearls pursued – they are removed and taken to the harvesting room. Here they are carefully “operated” by removing the pearls, and then the surviving oysters can be sown again and put back into the water, for a new production cycle.\nThe method has a very good yield, unlike the primitive method used for centuries to harvest natural pearls. Millions of oysters gathered from the sea were brutally opened, with knives (and thus killed), to find a pearl – which rarely happened.\nPearls obtained from marine pearl farms, raised in lagoons or bays, are more expensive than freshwater ones, for an objective reason: a marine pearl shell can be seeded with only a single piece of tissue (which triggers the formation process), attached to a small polished sphere, made of oyster shells will, therefore, produce a single pearl.\nIn contrast, freshwater pearl oysters are more productive: multiple seeding will result in the formation of more pearls in the same shell. Approximately 90% of the pearls marketed today are cultured pearls, the market is dominated by freshwater pearls obtained in China.\nThe most valuable pearls come from the Bahrain area and the Persian Gulf, but high-quality pearls are also obtained from the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific, and more specifically: India, Australia, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, and Venezuela.\nOne of the largest producers of natural cultured pearls is Japan. The first cultured pearls were obtained in 1898, but they were only patented in 1907 by two Japanese, Mikimoto Kokichi and Tokichi Nishikawa. Interestingly, the two made these discoveries simultaneously, but without knowing of each other or knowing the works that each develops.\nThere are also natural freshwater pearls, produced inside the oysters that live in North Europe, North America or China. The most valuable freshwater pearls come from the United States and were discovered by English colonists. These were worn by the natives of the Ohio, Mississippi and Tennessee regions. Some of these pearls were so perfect that they could easily be mistaken for Asian saltwater pearls.\nNot only oysters make pearls\nAlthough the most popular, appreciated and marketed pearls are those produced by the aforementioned oysters, there are still some species of mollusks – this time snails – that produce less common pearls, rarely used, but which have aesthetic and even commercial value, for those who know how to value them.\nThe pearls of these snails are not, in general, pearls, but they have a very special appearance – they are made of porcelain, with a fine gloss and in delicate colors – pastel shades of yellow, pink or orange.\nAnd as we live in a world passionate about records, you may want to know which is the biggest pearl found so far. Well, for a long time it was a huge white pearl (but without a glossy shine, more porcelain-like) “born” from a huge oyster (of the species Tridacna gigas) and weighing 6.4 kilograms.\nIt was found in the US, being the private property of several people, the descendants of those who bought it from the heirs of its first American owner – a certain Wilburn Cobb, who in his turn brought it from the Philippines in 1939 and died in 1979.\nThe pearl – known as “Lao Tzu’s pearl” – has a captivating legend, that it was raised in China and reached this size because over 2,500 years, it has been successfully transferred from one oyster to another. There are some claims that the legends were just stories created by Cobb and the pearl wasn’t even a “real” pearl after all.\nHowever, that record was broken by a pearl found on the coast of Palawan Island, in the Philippines by a local fisherman. The pearl weighs almost 34 kilograms and was valued in 2016 at 100 million US dollars.\nIt has no value to a jeweler – who could wear such a thing? – but it’s nonetheless extremely precious and it is an impressive testimony of what nature can do, in terms of oysters and pearls.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Medic students use robot for hands-on childbirth practice\nThe robot can be programmed to experience a range of delivery scenarios\nNEW HAVEN, Conn. — Connecticut college paramedic students are getting hands-on experience delivering babies with the help of a robot.\nThe New Hampshire Register reported students in the program at the University of New Haven have been working with Victoria, an electronically advanced robot that can be programmed to present the students with a range of childbirth scenarios.\nVictoria Gaumard, made by Gaumard Scientific of Miami, can be operated by instructors from a computer in a separate room. The robot is equipped with fake amniotic fluid, blood and a baby that can be set to be born normally, breech or in other less common presentations. It also provides students with a traumatic episiotomy and can be programmed to respond to drug injections and epidurals.\n“She’s as realistic as you can get at this time,” said William Seward, a paramedic and EMT with West Shore, a member of the UNH faculty and a simulation technician.\nThe baby can be programmed to cover various scenarios as well.\n“We can program the baby to not cry when it comes out, to not breathe so it can be an emergent situation,” said Seward.\nLogan Marsh, a junior and an EMT who has witnessed a birth in the field, said dealing with Victoria is a little different than in real-life.\n“It was significantly quieter. There’s a lot more going on,” Marsh said.\nPaul Clini, a faculty member and paramedic, said Victoria gives students the opportunity to learn in a realistic situation without endangering a patient if they make mistakes.\n“Oftentimes it’s a test for them to see how they do on their own without any instructor involvement,” said Clini. “We can critique it with them.”\nDavid Tauber, EMS education coordinator, said the students spend half of their non-classroom time with various robots.\n“These manikins have brought the training we give our students above and beyond anything we had in our classes,” said Seward.\nJoin the discussion\nThe comments below are member-generated and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of EMS1.com or its staff. If you cannot see comments, try disabling privacy and ad blocking plugins in your browser. All comments must comply with our Member Commenting Policy.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PART G - DEVELOPING THE COMBINED OBSTACLES OVERLAY\nFor this step in the IPB process, a map is no longer needed. Terrain factors have\nbeen lifted off a map and developed further. A map substitute has been created.\nThe remaining uncolored areas represent where a force can move, shoot, and\nThe combined obstacles overlay combines all weather and terrain induced obstacles\nto permit more detailed analysis.\nCombined Obstacles Overlay.\nThe overlay integrates all obstacles into one display. This simplifies analysis of\navenues of approach and MCs. All obstacles are cross-hatched and the blank areas\nare where forces can move.\nThe effect of weather on mobility cannot be ignored.\nThe combined obstacles\noverlay reflects average weather/terrain conditions.\nObstacles canalize cross-\nExcessive precipitation will affect soil density, river stages, and visibility.\nNormal SLO-GO conditions might be connected to NO-GO conditions which would affect", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water pipes left over from disappeared houses in Washaway Beach, Washington state. If you count carefully you can see that 4 rows of houses have disappeared.\nPhoto: Orrin Pilkey\n- Low tides and high tides\n- Spring tides and neap tides\n- Storm surges\n- Climate change and sea levels\n- How is sea level rise measured?\nLow tides and high tides\nMost people are familiar with the terms low tide and high tide and know that the reference is to where the water is on the beach, either low or high. Water levels change as the result of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun on the oceans’ waters. When an ocean is directly underneath the moon, the water will mound up under the gravitational pull of the moon. On the opposite side of the planet, the ocean’s surface also will bulge as a result of the combination of less lunar gravity plus the rotational force of the earth. These two bulges are the high tides, and in between where the water is correspondingly depressed the tides are low.\nThe moon will pass any point once every 24 hours and 50 minutes, which causes that point to experience two high tides and two low tides each day. Since the moon passes with that extra 50 minutes every day, the timing of the tides at any beach will shift by an hour or so every day. Daily changes in sea level are caused by the lunar tides. In North Carolina, the difference between high and low tide levels hovers around three feet. In other parts of the world the tides may differ by as little as one foot to as much as 40 feet. In Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, winds affect water level more than lunar tides.\nSpring tides and neap tides\nThe moon and sun pass the earth in different positions throughout the year. For this reason, the height of the local tides changes from time to time. The maximums are called spring tides, when the tidal range on a beach is the greatest. This maximum happens when the moon is either full or new. The minimum or neap tide occurs when the moon is in its first or third quarters. The spring tide at Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, is typically six feet and the neap tide is two feet. Depending on the orientation and position of a shoreline, it may experience different numbers and heights of tides. In many parts of the world, the tides are semidiurnal, meaning there are two high tides of approximately the same height and two low tides of roughly the same height each day.\nSea level changes over the short term in a variety of ways. Storms blowing ashore cause the level of the sea to rise for hours at a time or winds blowing offshore may cause the level of the sea to temporarily drop. Seasonal wind patterns (i.e., winter/summer differences) or changes related to El Niño can cause rises or falls in sea level that last several months. The most spectacular short-term rises in sea level occur during big storms. The high water levels caused by a storm are called storm surges, which is known to raise the shoreline water levels of some areas over 20 feet! Such a rise is the result of the combined effects of low atmospheric pressure, mounding due to the circular wind and surface currents moving about the center of the storm, and the piling up of water as it is pushed from the deep ocean into shallow nearshore waters. Storm surge carries sand (and buildings) landward as it comes ashore, and sweeps the same seaward on its ebb as the storm moves away and the wind reverses direction.\nClimate change and sea levels\nOver the last 3 million years, sea level around the world has repeatedly risen and fallen by over 300 feet. When ice covers the extreme northern and southern portions of the continents, sea level is low, and when glaciers and ice caps melt, sea level is high. North Carolina’s coastline has been as far out as the edge of the continental shelf during low sea level, and over 75 miles inland from the present coastline during periods of high sea level. The last low sea level was around 18,000 years ago. The continental glaciers then melted and sea level approached its present position around 5,000 years ago. Throughout that time span, beaches were always present along the landward retreating shoreline.\nSea level has continued to rise very slowly over the last 5000 years. In part, this was because the weight of the water on the continental shelf (formerly high and dry) is causing coastal land to sink. About 100 years ago the rate of rise accelerated as the result of a number of coinciding events probably related to the Greenhouse Effect although it is important to note that the connection of global warming and the greenhouse effect is still controversial. There is however no question that global warming is occurring. Global warming is increasing the temperature of the oceans. Warmer water expands and takes up more space than cooler water, so the present rise in sea level is partially due to warmer water. Global warming also is melting mountain glaciers all over the world and adding water to the ocean. These processes lead to higher sea levels. When sea level rises, the beach must adjust by shifting landward and slightly upward.\nHow is sea level rise measured?\nTide gauges provide the best record of sea level as it fluctuates daily, annually, and over decades and centuries. From the longest viewpoint and as an example, sea level along the North Carolina shore in the United States is rising at about one to one and one half feet per century. This number is obtained by taking the average level of the sea surface each year as determined by tide gauges. This rate may not be an impressive number, but considering that the slope of the Coastal Plains (the mainland behind the beaches) there averages around a one foot increase in elevation for every 2000 feet of horizontal distance (1/2000), a one-foot-per-century sea level rise becomes very significant. In theory each foot of rise should push the regional shoreline back an average of 2000 feet (Fig. 1.5). But it’s never quite that simple. Other factors influence the sea level rise such as storm surges, high and low tides, and wind.\nFigure 1.5. Relation between sea-level rise and the gentle slope of the coastal plain, showing why a rise of one-and-a-half feet per century (the rate in North Carolina) is very significant. The average slope of the lower coastal plain here is 1:2,000 (for every one foot in elevation there is a two-thousand-foot horizontal distance), which means that, in theory at least, for every one foot of sea-level rise there should be two thousand feet of shoreline retreat. (Adapted from Pilkey et al., The North Carolina Shore and Its Barrier Islands . Drawing: Amber Taylor", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Eastern Subterranean Termites: workers and soldier\nTermites are unique insects. Unlike most other insects, they feed on wood and live in large colonies. This ability to consume wood makes them among the most important structural insect pests in the Northwest.1 There is no question that the thought of thousands of hungry insects consuming the structure of your house is frightening. Fortunately, you can take pesticide-free steps to help prevent termite damage to your house. If you already have an infestation, take time to make an informed decision about how to proceed.\nBenefits of Termites\nSubterranean termites are an important part of the world's ecosystems. Termites' recycling of wood and other plant material is crucial. Their soil tunnels help plant health by adding nutrients to the soil and making it more porous.2 This knowledge is probably not much consolation when termites are recycling parts of your house.\nSigns of Subterranean Termite Infestation\nFinding shelter tubes is a sure sign of past or current subterranean termite presence. Timely discovery of tubes on foundation walls, piers, sills or joists can help you head off further damage.1 Shelter tubes should be broken and removed when possible. This will interrupt termite access to your house. Broken shelter tubes will also allow ants to attack the colony.2\nSwarms of winged termites emerging inside the home are a good indication of an infestation. Indoors, they do no harm and can be vacuumed up. Swarms emerging from the base of the foundation or adjoining porches and patios are also likely related to structural infestation.3\nPreventing conditions such as rot in structural wood or wood in contact with soil can deter a termite attack.1 According to Washington State University, such steps can help to prevent structural infestations in many cases.1 Make your house unattractive to termites by following these recommendations:1,2\n- Make sure no wooden parts of your house are in contact with soil.\n- Underneath your house, any wood should be at least 12 inches above the soil.\n- Remove tree stumps, stored lumber, fence posts, wood debris, and buried scrap wood near your home. Include your crawl space if you have one.\n- Stack firewood so that it is not in contact with siding or other wood parts of your house.\n- Repair leaky pipes and dripping faucets. Be careful not to overwater near your house.\n- Make sure downspouts carry water away from your house.\n- Check for stucco siding that touches the ground, a condition that makes buildings particularly susceptible to infestation.\n- Create good ventilation for better moisture control under the house. Vents in foundation walls provide better air circulation in crawl spaces than those placed between joists. Keep vent screens clean. Trim shrubs that are blocking your foundation vents.\nSand grains of the correct size (called 16 grit; with a diameter of 0.06 to 0.1 inches) can be used as a termite barrier because termites are unable to dig through or move sand grains of that size. A field test in northern California showed that installing a sand barrier 18 inches wide and 3 inches deep in crawl spaces along the inside of the foundation wall effectively stopped termites. For long-term success, these researchers recommended careful installation of the barrier and regular monitoring.4 Other particle sizes (10 to 16 grit) may also be effective.2\nSand barriers have been used successfully under concrete slabs. They are installed during construction before the slab is poured.4\nStainless steel mesh can also be a successful termite barrier.5 These mesh barriers are installed during construction or remodeling and are currently commercially available in Florida, Texas, and Hawaii.6\nWhen replacing lumber in structures, consider using wood that is more resistant to termite attack. For example, for wood used in the West, Douglas fir is more resistant to damage than hemlock or spruce. The University of California's termite factsheet presents a table of the relative resistance of lumber to termites.1\nLeast-Toxic Chemical Wood Treatments\nTreated wood is often recommended for preventing termite damage. If you decide to use treated consider choosing borates, a chemical family that includes boric acid and borax. While wood treatments are toxic to termites and can discourage establishment of new colonies, regular inspection of the house is still needed because termites can reach untreated wood by constructing shelter tubes over treated surfaces.2\nPressure treated wood is usually recommended for use on foundations or on wood that is in soil contact. Wood treated with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (a borate) is the least-toxic choice among pressure treatments.2\nWood treatments may also be painted or sprayed on exposed wood underneath the house, assuming that there's crawl space access. Borate products, such as Bora-care, are the least-toxic choice.2 Bora-Care inhibits digestive enzymes, causing insects such as termites to starve. In a 2006 study by the Florida Department of Agriculture,7 Bora-Care’s efficacy was monitored for five years at 27 sites where termites were present. Only one of 27 structures (~4%) showed evidence of infestation within the 5 years following treatment with Bora-Care. While fumigation chemicals will dissipate after use, Bora-Care remains inside the wood to prevent future termite infestations.\nNo Need to Rush\nYou do not need to rush into a decision about how to deal with a subterranean termite infestation (unless your house is on the market.) Termite infestations develop over years and wood damage occurs slowly.8 Taking time to make an informed decision will not make a significant difference in the amount of damage.3\nMaking an Informed Decision\nMost homeowners who find subterranean termite infestations opt to use a chemical treatment to protect their home, In addition to taking protective measures. The two basic chemical treatments — soil application and bait stations — differ dramatically in the amount of pesticides used. A soil treatment may use hundreds of gallons of liquid termiticide. By contrast, bait stations employ small amounts that are confined in bait stations.6\nNCAP does not recommend using pesticides. If you feel that pesticide use is unavoidable, however, consider using termite baits that offer the advantage of using only small amounts of pesticide.\nIn either case, termite products should be applied by a pesticide control company. Interview companies about their experience and get references. Check for complaints with appropriate state agencies or business bureaus. Look for an established firm with experienced technicians.3\nChemical Control Methods\nUnderstanding the basics of chemical treatments can help you make an informed choice. You can also learn about the toxicity of the chemicals to be used for termite control.\nFumigation chemicals can have lasting detrimental effects to people, especially those with compromised immune systems, pets, wildlife and the environment. After the fumigation process is completed, toxic gases get released into the air from the home. One of these gases, sulfuryl fluoride, contributes to climate change.\nLiquid termiticides are applied to soil along the foundation, both outside and under the house, around supporting piers, and under concrete slabs. The goal is to have an uninterrupted barrier. Some barrier termiticides work by repelling termites, while other newer chemicals are toxic to termites, killing them as they tunnel through. Treatments are supposed to last five years. However, it can be difficult to create an unbroken barrier and termites can slip through very small, untreated gaps.3\nSome pest control companies now have botanical oil options available for treating termites. D-limonene, a compound found in orange oil, is marketed as an effective treatment for drywood termites. Neem oil is used for subterranean termites to prevent molting and multiplying. Both would need to come in direct contact with or be ingested by the termites. No published scientific studies have yet been conducted on botanical oils and termites, so NCAP cannot speak to the effectiveness of botanical oils at this time. (Read more about orange oil and termites in the IPM Practitioner here.)\nWith baits, plastic cylinders or stakes are installed in the ground at fixed intervals around the house and yard. Initially, wood is usually placed inside to attract foraging termites. Periodic inspections by the pest control company determine when termites are present. At that point, the wood is replaced with termiticide-laced cardboard or other attractive material. Bait stations may also be placed above ground over an active shelter tubes or directly over infested wood, drywall, etc. The chemical baits are slow-acting poisons that get taken back to the nest and passed along to other termites.7\nSuppression of termite populations with baits can take longer than liquid treatments because of the time needed for termites to \"find\" the bait stations. This can vary widely by location for reasons that are not well understood.8 Adding extra stations can boost the likelihood of bait stations being found. Time of year can also affect success; termites are more active in spring through fall.\nBaiting may be more expensive than conventional barrier treatments because of the need for monitoring and re-baiting, not just in the initial stages but also in subsequent years. However, baits have the potential to affect multiple nesting sites including those outside the house.3\nNon-Chemical Methods that Don't Work\nSubterranean termites cannot be controlled by extreme temperatures such as heating and freezing or by electrocution devices.2\nTermites or Ants?\nYou may already suspect that you have termites in your house. You'll need to decide if the insects you've found are really termites. Termites and ants are often confused. Take a careful look at the antennae and \"waist.\" Ants have elbowed antennae and narrow waists while termites have straight antennae and thick waists. Both ants and termites are occasionally winged, but termite wings are unique because the front and the hind wings are the same size.1\nNext you'll need to decide which termite is causing your problem, because managing different termites requires different techniques.\nThree groups of termites — dampwood, drywood, and subterranean — are found in the United States, and they share certain characteristics. They are social insects that sometimes live in extensive colonies. Different \"castes,\" such as soldiers and workers, differ somewhat in size and appearance. Periodically, new queens and kings (reproductives) swarm out of an established nest, flying to find a new nesting site.2\nDampwood termites, are mostly found in the Pacific Northwest and California.2 They live in very moist wood (not soil), including beach houses located in cool humid areas. These large termites are 1/2 to 3/4 inch long. Winged reproductives can exceed 1 inch in length including the wings.1 Dampwood termites found in Florida are only incidental pests of structures.4\nDrywood termites are found across the southernmost part of the Unites States as well as part way up both the east and west coasts.9 They nest entirely above ground and don't require soil contact or much moisture.2</sup They are visibly larger than subterranean termites.2\nEastern Subterranean Termites: winged reproductives\nSubterranean termites are found throughout the United States (except Alaska), with the highest concentration found in the South.9 Subterranean termites are small. The grayish-white workers are 3/16 inch long. The winged reproductives are dark brown to brownish black and are about 3/8 inch long, including wings. The soldiers, with grayish white bodies, cream-colored heads, and black jaws, are about ¼ inch long.1\nSubterranean termites require moist conditions and nest in or near the soil. They feed on wood that is in contact with soil or else they construct shelter tubes that extend from the soil to reach above ground wood. The tubes are made of soil mixed with bits of wood or other materials. These mud tubes help the termites stay moist and offer protection from predators.2\nSwarms of winged reproductive termites may be seen on warm sunny days in the spring or fall after a rain. After settling on the ground, they shed their wings and then pair up to mate. Most don't survive long enough to establish a colony.3\nThe Living With Bugs website has a map of the United States showing areas of subterranean and drywood termite infestations.9\nTo minimize termite problems in your home, regular inspections are important. Hiring a qualified professional is probably advisable.2 If you choose to do it yourself, you'll need to inspect structural wood near your foundation and crawl space, if your house has one. Wear gloves, coveralls, and a hat. Use a sharp pick or screwdriver to test for damaged beams, joists, and sills. Wood damaged by subterranean termites may be dark or blistered and is easily punctured. Look for shelter tubes on foundation walls and other surfaces.1\nFor expert advice tailored to your pest or weed issues, check out our sliding scale Pest and Weed Management Consultation services.\n- Antonelli, A.L. 2002. Termites: Biology, prevention, and control. Washington State Univ. Cooperative Extension. http://owic.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/pubs/termites.pdf\n- Univ. of California. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2001. Termites. Pest Notes Publ. 7415. http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7415.html\n- Potter, M. 2004. Termite control: Answers for homeowners. University of Kentucky. College of Agriculture. Entomology. http://www.ca.uky.edu/ENTOMOLOGY/entfacts/ef604.asp\n- Lewis, V.R. et al. 1996. Field comparison of sand or insecticide barriers for control of Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) infestations in homes in northern California. Sociobiology 28(3):327-336.\n- Kard, B. 1999. Mesh may fit in as a termite barrier. Pest Control (Feb.)\n- Termimesh. Undated. Termimes - the company. http://www.termimesh.com\n- Daiker, D.H., Ferguson Foos J. 2006. Termiticide efficacy review for Bora-Care wood treatment (disodium octaborate tetrahydrate). Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services. https://www.fdacs.gov/content/download/31414/file/Efficacy%20Review%20Bora%20Care%203-03-06.pdf\n- Potter, M 2004. Termite baits: A guide for homeowners. University of Kentucky. College of Agriculture. Entomology. http://www.ca.uky.edu/ENTOMOLOGY/entfacts/ef639.asp\n- DeAngelis, J. 2009. Drywood termite (Kalotermitidae). LivinginwithBugs.com http://www.livingwithbugs.com/drywood_termite.html\n- Scheffrahn, R.H. and Nan-Yao Su. 2007. Featured creatures: Florida dampwood termites. University of Florida Inst. Of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in369\nThis article was originally published as:\nCox, Caroline. 2004. Protecting your home from subterranean termite damage. Journal of Pesticide Reform 24(3):6-7. Revised 2009 by Kay Rumsey, botanical oil section and links updated in July 2017.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It took an unusual science teacher to see the pedagogic value in \"roadkill,'' that eyesore for motorists.\nIt took \"Dr. Splat.''\nBrewster Bartlett, who's known by that name to his 9th-grade science class at Pinkerton Academy in Derry, N.H., is the creator of the \"Roadkill Monitoring Project,'' a science program that recently brought together 30 schools in seven New England states to study unlucky animal pedestrians.\nMr. Bartlett developed the science project together with teachers at Simmons College in Boston as a somewhat more thrilling alternative to a planned lesson on lichen measurement.\n\"I couldn't see the students doing that,'' Mr. Bartlett says.\nUsing his curriculum guide, several hundred students in grades 9 through 12 spent mid-April through mid-May scanning country roads for telltale signs of fur, animal remains, and tire marks.\nThe students dutifully recorded the remains of 1,600 animals, including more than 450 gray squirrels, hundreds of beavers, some raccoons, 10 moose, and several species of \"URP,'' or \"unidentified road pizza.''\nWhile a computer at Simmons College kept track of the hard-won statistics, transmitted each week via a computer linkup, the students studied the habits of the deceased species they'd found. They also proposed theories to explain how the creatures met their untimely roadside fates, from the mating habits of birds, to mosquito-ridden moose, to victims of badly timed migrations.\nNext year, Mr. Bartlett hopes to introduce the project to schools nationwide through the Internet computer network.--S.K.G.", "label": "No"}