THE SITUATION ON THE MORNING OF JUNE 1
"L" 11, 13, 17, 22 and 22 had gone up during the night for
an early reconnaissance. At 5.10 A.M. "L 11 " reported a squadron of twelve
English battleships, numerous light craft and destroyers on a northerly course
about the centre of the line TerschellingHorns Reef, and immediately
afterwards enemy battleships and battlecruisers north of the first unit. The
airship was heavily fired at but kept in touch until compelled to retire and
lost sight of the enemy in the thick atmosphere. The airship's reports taken
from its we. diary are as follows:
Reconnaissance Trip of " L 11 " on June 1,
"On June 1 at 1.30, after midnight ' L 11' went up at
Nordholz with the following orders: As fourth airship to cover flank of High
Sea forces, course N.W. to W. by Heligoland. Full crew on board, fresh
south-westerly wind, visibility limited owing to ground fog and later to a
fog-like atmosphere high up extending over 2 or at most 4 nautical miles.
Heligoland was not visible through the fog. At 5 A.M. clouds of smoke were seen
north of the ship in Square O 33 B and were made for. At 5.10 it was possible
to make out a strong enemy unit of twelve large warships with numerous lighter
craft steering north-north-east full speed ahead. To keep in touch with them '
L 11 ' kept in the rear and sent a wireless report, circling round eastwards.
At 5.40 A.M. east of the first unit the airship sighted a second squadron of
six big English battleships with lighter forces on a northerly course; when
sighted, they turned by divisions to the west, presumably to get into contact
with the first unit. As this group was nearer to the Main Fleet than the first
one, ' L 11 ' attached itself to it, but at 5.50 a group of three English
battle-cruisers and four smaller craft were sighted to the north-east, and,
cruising about south of the airship, put themselves between the enemy Main
Fleet and ' L 11.' Visibility was so poor that it was extremely difficult to
keep in contact. For the most part only one of the units was visible at a time,
while, apparently, the airship at an altitude of 1,1001,900 m. was
plainly visible- to the enemy against the rising sun.
"At 5.15, shortly after sighting the first group of
battleships, the enemy opened fire on the airship from all the vessels with
antiaircraft guns and guns of every calibre. The great turrets fired
broadsides; the rounds followed each other rapidly. The flash from the muzzles
of the guns could be seen although the ships were hidden by the smoke. All the
ships that came in view took up the firing with the greatest energy, so that '
L 11 ' was sometimes exposed to fire from 21 large and numbers of small ships.
Although the firing did not take effect, that and the shrapnel bursting all
around so shook the ship's frame that it seemed advisable to take steps to
increase the range. The firing lasted till 6.20 A.M. At that time the
battle-cruisers bearing down from S.W within close distance of ' L 11 ' forced
her to retire to N.E. to avoid their fire. At the same time the visibility
became worse and the enemy was lost to view.
"' L 11 ' again took a northerly course and went as low down
as 500 metres, in the hope of better visibility. It was impossible to see
beyond 1 to 2 nautical miles, and as under these conditions no systematic plan
for keeping in contact could be made, N. and S. course was followed so as to
keep between the enemy and our own Main Fleet. The enemy did not come in sight
" At 8 A.M. the Commander-in-Chief of the High Sea Fleet
dismissed the airship, and ' L 11 ' returned. On the way back the ship came
across a number of our own torpedo-boats exchanging bases, and messages were
given for further transmission. The airship remained close to those boats as
far as Sylt. Landed at Nordholz at 2 P.M."
At 4 A.M., 50 nautical miles west of Bovbjerg, "L 24"
sighted a flotilla of enemy destroyers, was fired at and returned the fire with
bombs, then got away further north, and at 5 A.M. discovered a unit of twelve
ships in Jammer Bay, steaming rapidly to the south. It was impossible to keep
in contact for further reconnaissance as there was a bank of cloud as low down
as 800 m.
From the Main Fleet itself no signs of the enemy were
visible at daybreak. The weather was so thick that the full length of a
squadron could not be made out. In our opinion the ships in a south-westerly
direction as reported by "L 11 " could only just have come from the Channel to
try, on hearing the news of the battle, to join up with their Main Fleet and
advance against us. There was no occasion for us to shun an encounter with this
group, but owing to the slight chance of meeting on account of visibility
conditions, it would have been a mistake to have followed them. Added to this
the reports received from the battle-cruisers showed that Scouting Division I
would not be capable of sustaining a serious fight, besides which the leading
ships of Squadron III could not have fought for any length of time, owing to
the reduction in their supply of munitions by the long spell of firing. The
Frankfurt, Pillau and Regensburg were the only fast light
cruisers now available, and in such misty weather there was no depending on
aerial reconnaissance. There was, therefore, no certain prospect of defeating
the enemy reported in the south. An encounter and the consequences thereof had
to be left to chance. I therefore abandoned the idea of further operations and
ordered the return to port.
On the way back, west of List, the Ostfriesland, at
7.30 A.M., struck a mine, one that evidently belonged to a hitherto unknown and
recently laid enemy minefield. The damage was slight; the vessel shipped 400
tons of water, but her means of navigation did not suffer, and she was able to
run into harbour under her own steam. I signalled, " Keep on." The last ships
passed through the area without coming across further mines.
Several submarine attacks on our returning Main Fleet failed
entirely, thanks partly to the vigilance of the airmen who picked up the Main
Fleet over List, and escorted them to the mouth of the river. During the course
of the day all the ships and boats were safely in their haven, Special mention
must be made of the bringing-in of the Seydlitz (Captain von Egidy)
badly damaged at her bows. That the vessel ever reached the harbour is due to
the remarkable seamanship of her commander and crew. Finally she was run astern
into the dock at Wilhelmshaven.
The U-boats lying off English harbours were told to remain
at their posts a day longer. At 6.20 P.M., 60 miles north of Terschelling, the
" U 46 " came across a damaged vessel of the "Iron Duke" class (the
Marlborough). She was, however, so well protected that it would have
been impossible to get within firing distance of her. A torpedo was fired, but
failed to reach the objective. Among the U-boats lying off enemy harbours the "
U 21 " on May 31 and "U 22 " on June 1 both succeeded in hitting a destroyer.
In each case, however, the sinking could not be observed owing to enemy
counter-action. Besides this, one of our minelayers, occupied in laying mines
west of the Orkney Islands, achieved an important success. The English armoured
cruiser Hampshire (11,000 tons) struck one of these mines on June 5 and
sank; with her perished Field-Marshal Lord Kitchener and all his Staff.
LOSSES ON BOTH SIDES
According to careful estimation made by us the enemy lost:
||Dreadnought of "Queen Elizabeth" class
||Battle-cruisers(Queen Mary, Indefatigable
||Armoured Cruisers (Black Prince, Defence,
Warrior and one of the "Cressy" type)
||Battle-cruiser (Lützow )
||older Battleship (Pommern)
||Light Cruisers (Wiesbaden, Elbing, Rostock and
The enemy's were almost complete losses, whereas we had
rescued the crews of the Lützow, Elbing, Rostock and half of those
of the torpedo-boats. [In my first report of the battle sent to the Admiralty
at Berlin the loss of the Lützow was mentioned. The announcement of
this loss was suppressed by the Naval Staff, though not at my request. The
enemy could not have seen the ship go down. In the interests of naval warfare
it was right to suppress the news. Unfortunately the secrecy observed produced
the impression that it was necessary to enlarge our success to that extent.]
Our losses in personnel amounted to: 2,400 killed; 400
wounded. The enemy's losses may be estimated at over 7,000 killed. According to
a list which he added to his report of June 18, 1916, Admiral Jellicoe
endeavoured to exaggerate our losses in the following manner:
BATTLESHIP OR BATTLE-CRUISERS
||Battleships, "Dreadnought" type (certain)
||Battleship, "Deutschland" type (certain)
||Battleship or Battle-cruiser (probable)
||Battleship, " Dreadnought " type (probable)
||Light cruisers (certain)
||Large ship or light cruiser (certain)
TORPEDO- BOAT DESTROYERS
||Torpedo-boat destroyers (certain)
||Torpedo-boat destroyers (probable)
With regard to the submarines he was totally mistaken, as
none took part in the battle. I sent my final impressions of the battle in a
written report of 4/7/16 to H.M. the Emperor as follows:
" The success achieved is due to the eagerness in attack,
the efficient leadership through the subordinates, and the admirable deeds of
the crews full of an eminently warlike spirit. It was only possible owing to
the excellence of our ships and arms, the systematic peacetime training of the
units, and the conscientious development on each individual ship. The rich
experience gained will be carefully applied. The battle has proved that in the
enlargement of our Fleet and the development of the different types of ships we
have been guided by the right strategical and tactical ideas, and that we must
continue to follow the same system. All arms can claim a share in the success.
But, directly or indirectly, the far reaching heavy artillery of the great
battleships was the deciding factor, and caused the greater part of the enemy's
losses that are so far known, as also it brought the torpedo-boat flotillas to
their successful attack on the ships of the Main Fleet. This does not detract
from the merits of the flotillas in enabling the battleships to slip away from
the enemy by their attack. The big ship battleship and
battle-cruiseris therefore, and will be, the main strength of naval
power. It must be further developed by increasing the gun calibre, by raising
the speed, and by perfecting the armour and the protection below the
" Finally, I beg respectfully to report to Your Majesty that
by the middle of August the High Sea Fleet, with the exception of the
Derfflinger and Seydlitz, will be ready for fresh action. With a
favourable succession of operations the enemy may be made to suffer severely,
although there can be no doubt that even the most successful result from a high
sea battle will not compel England to make peace. The disadvantages of our
geographical situation as compared with that of the Island Empire and the
enemy's vast material superiority cannot be coped with to such a degree as to
make us masters of the blockade inflicted on us, or even of the Island Empire
itself, not even were all the U-boats to be available for military purposes. A
victorious end to the war at not too distant a date can only be looked for by
the crushing of English economic life through U-boat action against English
commerce. Prompted by the convictions of duty, I earnestly advise Your Majesty
to abstain from deciding on too lenient a form of procedure on the ground that
it is opposed to military views, and that the risk of the boats would be out of
all proportion to the expected gain, for, in spite of the greatest
conscientiousness on the part of the Chiefs, it would not be possible in
English waters, where American interests are so prevalent, to avoid occurrences
which might force us to make humiliating concessions if we do not act with the
I followed up my report on the battle with a more detailed
account on July 16, 1916, after Admiral Jellicoe's report had appeared in the
English Press. I quote here from the above mentioned account:
" Admiral Jellicoe's report, published in the English Press,
confirms as follows the observations made by us:
Grouping of the English Forces
- Under Vice-Admiral Beatty:
- 1st and 2nd Battle-Cruiser Squadrons.
- 5th Battle Squadron (" Queen Elizabeths ").
- 1st, 2nd and 3rd Light Cruiser Squadrons.
- 1st, 9th, 10th and 13th Destroyer Flotillas.
- Admiral Jellicoe led:
- 1st, 2nd and 4th Battle Squadrons (Fleet Flagship at the
head of 4th Battle Squadron).
- 3rd Battle-Cruiser Squadron (" Invincibles ").
- 1st and 2nd Cruiser Squadrons.
- 4th Light Cruiser Squadron.
- 4th, 11th and 12th Destroyer Flotillas.
Intervention in the Battle by the English Main Fleet
" When he first had news that the enemy was sighted,
Admiral Jellicoe was north-west of Admiral Beatty's forces. He thereupon
advanced at full speed in column formation on a S.E. course, put the 1st and
2nd Cruiser Squadrons for reconnaissance at the head of his formation, and sent
forward the 3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron (apparently reinforced by the
Agincourt ), to support Admiral Beatty. The 3rd Battle-Cruiser Squadron
passed east of Admiral Beatty's leader at 7.30 P.M.; they heard in the
south-west the thunder of guns, and saw the flashes, sent out the light cruiser
Chester to reconnoitre, and themselves took a N.W. course. Shortly
before 8 o'clock the Chester encountered our Scouting Division II and
was set on fire by them. After pursuing the Chester, Scouting Division
II came across the 3rd Battle-Cruiser Squadron, which opened fire on them. The
attacks at 8 P.M. by our Torpedo-Boat Flotilla IX and the 12th Half-Flotilla
were launched against this 3rd BattleCruiser Squadron.
" Admiral Beatty sighted the 3rd Battle-Cruiser Squadron at
8.10 P.M., and at 8.21 P.M. had it ahead of the 1st and 2nd BattleCruiser
Squadrons he was leading.
"At 7.55 P.M. Admiral Jellicoe sighted the fire from the
guns. It was impossible for him to make out the position of our Fleet. The
difference between his and Admiral Beatty's charts added to the uncertainty in
judging of the situation. The report says it was difficult to distinguish
between friend and foe. At 8.14 P.M. the battleship squadrons turned east into
the line between the 1st and 2nd Battle-Cruiser Squadrons and the 5th Battle
Squadron. At 8.17 P.M. the 1st Battle Squadron opened fire on the leaders of
our ships of the line. Up to 10.20 P.M. those squadrons, with some few pauses,
took part in the fighting.
" Shortly before the battleship squadrons arrived, the 1st
Cruiser Squadron, together with light forces from the Main Fleet, joined in the
fighting. At 8.50 P.M., therefore, between our first and second blows, Admiral
Beatty put the 3rd Battle-Cruiser Squadron in the rear of the 2nd. At 9.6 P.M.
the leaders of the battleships made for the south. The total impression
received by us of the battle is made more complete by the statements in the
English Press, and is not altered.
The Enemy's Action during the Night
"At 9.45 P.M. Admiral Beatty had lost sight of our forces.
He sent the 1st and 3rd Light Cruiser Squadrons to reconnoitre in the west, and
at 10.20 P.M. went to their support with the 1st and 2nd Battle-Cruiser
Squadrons, also on a westerly course. Immediately after came the encounter
described in my report with the leading ships of our Main Fleet, consisting of
Scouting Divisions IV and I and Squadron II. The fact that our forces turned
westward must have led the English Admiral to assume that our Main Fleet had
taken a westerly course, and made him follow in that direction. The fact that
we at the same time put Squadron II in the rear, and with the new leader,
Squadron I, again took a S.E. course, resulted in Admiral Beatty's forces
passing west in front of us and ultimately losing contact. It was obvious that
after the battle the English Main Fleet was divided into two. Admiral
Jellicoe's report makes no mention of this. The one portion, consisting of
large battleships and light craft, took apparently northerly and easterly
courses, as one group of ships was sighted by 'L 24 ' at 5 A.M. on June 1 in
Jammer Bay, close under land. It may perhaps have been both those rear
squadrons which made off on the attack by our TorpedoBoat Flotillas VI and IX,
and then apparently lost touch with the Main Fleet. The other portion, under
Admiral Jellicoe, consisting, according to observations by ' L 11,' of eighteen
large battleships, three battle-cruisers (probably the 3rd Battle-Cruiser
Squadron) and numerous light forces, had, up to 10.46 P.M., been steering south
and then south-west. It would appear, from intercepted English wireless
messages, that he covered 15 nautical miles. Based on these courses and the
speed, he must have crossed our course at midnight, 10 to 15 nautical miles in
front of us, and have taken later a course to the centre of the line Horns
Reef Terschelling, where he was seen at 5 A.M. by ' .L 11 ' on a N.N.E.
The Consequence of the Enemy's Action during the Night
"Admiral Jellicoe must have intended to resume the battle
with us at dawn. It is inexplicable, therefore, why a portion of the Main Fleet
made for Jammer Bay during the night. Nor can it be understood how it was that
the enemy's light forces, which were engaged with our Main Fleet up to 4.36
A.M. and thus were in touch with us the whole night, could find a way to inform
Admiral Jellicoe and Admiral Beatty of our course and navigation. But even
apart from that, it must be assumed that the fire from our guns and the enemy's
burning cruisers and destroyers would have pointed out the way to the English
Main Fleet. In any case it is a fact that on the morning of June 1 the enemy's
heavy forces were broken up into three detachments; one in the North, a second
with Admiral Beatty in the North-west, and the third with Admiral Jellicoe
South-west of Horns Reef. It is obvious that this scattering of the
forceswhich can only be explained by the fact that after the day-battle
Admiral Jellicoe had lost the general commandinduced the Commander to
avoid a fresh battle."
¹ According to English accounts, it comprised the
Barham, Warspite, Valiant and Malaya. Mention is made of four
ships only. According to various observations on our side (by Squadron III and
the leader of Scouting Division II) there were five ships. If Queen
Elizabeth, or a similar type of ship , was not in the unit it is possible
that another recently built man-of-war replaced her
² In comparing the time given in the German and English
accounts it must be remembered that there is a difference of two hours, for the
reason that we reckon according to summer-time in Central Europe, while the
difference between ordinary Central Europe and Greenwich time is one hour.
Therefore 4.28 German time corresponds to 2.28 English time.
³Admiral Jellicoe admits that torpedoes reached his
line, but claims to have escaped further damage by the clever handling of his
ships. Our assumption that he had already turned back before the attack by the
torpedo-boats is thus confirmed
LAST SECTION °
NEXT CHAPTER »


We’re coming to a parting of the ways in energy storage development for electric cars. Or we may be coming to a joining of technologies in new and previously unimagined ways. One side, led by Elon Musk and his Tesla Empire, promotes battery power and development. Yet, in Tesla’s home state of California, government and private investments in hydrogen vehicles is growing. Several Asian and European automakers are bringing out fuel cell powered vehicles in the face of low numbers of existing fueling stations.
For all the promotion from either side, future “green” cars may become too expensive for private ownership, and various approaches to providing personal mobility may replace the traditional owner-driver model. Regardless of the outcomes or market shares, the technology will be applicable to personal aviation, although perhaps at a significant price.
Battery-Powered Vehicles Lead – For Now
According to EV World, “In the last year, global registrations of electric vehicles from the first three years of the market reached 500,000 units. The U.S. plays a dominant role, with 200,000 vehicles registered, more than one-third of those in California.”
The article lists the different types of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) available and speculates that the wide range of technologies helps explain their rapid acceptance.
- Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs – i.e. Ford Fusion); similar to HEVs, but with bigger batteries and the ability to store electricity from plugging into an outlet.
- Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs – i.e. Chevy Volt); similar to PHEVs, with increased electric range.
- BEVx: (BMW i3 with range extender); similar to BEVs, but with a small internal combustion (ICE) engine to extend driving range
- Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs – i.e. Nissan LEAF); utilize rechargeable battery packs
- “Large Battery BEV” (Tesla Model S); BEVs with range similar to gasoline vehicles.
With Tesla leading the charges for its own “Gigafactory” for battery production, the company’s blog predicts that the operation will, “reduce cell costs much faster than the status quo and, by 2020, produce more lithium ion batteries annually than were produced worldwide in 2013. By the end of the first year of volume production of our mass market vehicle, we expect the Gigafactory will have driven down the per kWh cost of our battery pack by more than 30 percent.”
Competitors such as A123 in America, Kokam in South Korea, Panasonic and Toshiba in Japan, and a multiplicity of European and Asian manufacturers produce enormous numbers of pouch and cylindrical cells for everything from laptops and cell phones to buses and trucks.
Batteries, because of their high count in electric vehicles, command interest for large-scale mass production, exactly where Elon Musk is directing his energies. Between Superchargers being installed nationwide by Tesla, strategically-placed chargers installed on state and federal highways, and thousands showing up in parking lots throughout urban areas, locating a place to “fill up” is getting to be less anxiety provoking for battery-driven EV owners. Home chargers are dropping to as low at $395.
Aside from the 20-minute full charge a Tesla Supercharger makes possible, “topping up” ones batteries is still time consuming for most cars – fine with a home charger, or one in the boss’s parking garage, but less desirable on long trips.
The Hydrogen Alternative – Starting Late but Coming on Strong
Others are banking on hydrogen as the fuel of the future, using fuel cells to power the motors in their electric cars. With fuel cell cars coming from Toyota, Honda and Hyundai, the Calfornia Energy Commission is pressing ahead to open new H2 fueling stations in the state by 2015. Using $27.2 million in CEC grants and $7.2 million from Toyota, FirstElement Fuel will build 19 of these, another nine will come from grants to other proposals, and other stations are either already in place or being planned by automotive or fuel companies.
H2 advocates say their vehicles can go 400 miles between fill-ups – much like modern gasoline vehicles. Tesla claims 265 miles between charging stops, and Leafs generally manage about100 miles on a “full” battery. Others are limited to being city cars because of even lower range.
Even quadrupling the number of hydrogen refueling stations will limit fuel cell cars to Bay Area and SoCal locations for the time being. One wonders how many stations exist in the area where Hyundai is releasing its first fuel cell vehicles.
Toyota’s FCV, destined for sales initially in California, will still be stretching its 300-mile range to make it from LA to San Francisco. Developers will need to work hard to even come close to the 13,500 gasoline stations that dot the landscape in the state.
Toyota’s National Manager of Advanced Technologies Craig Scott says that although fuel cell cars have been practical options for years, the infrastructure doesn’t yet exist to support their common use.
According to Techcrunch.com, “The simultaneous expansion of hydrogen infrastructure and the release of cars that can take advantage of them from Toyota, Honda and Hyundai in 2015 will have accelerating effects on the industry overall. Because of the availability of stations, Toyota is now able to move their hydrogen platform into mass production, which brings significant cost savings as the company can start bringing in parts from its other powertrains and build fewer parts “by hand” in limited quantities.” The FCV’s price of $65,000 puts it solidly in Lexus/Audi/Porsche territory, and may prevent broader acceptance even as Tesla brings out its projected $35,000 Model III.
Joel Ewanick, FirstElement’s CEO, thinks costs for new H2 stations will drop by up to 50 percent over the next decade, and that those stations will be profitable within five years. He claims that 33 percent of hydrogen at his stations in southern California will come from renewable biogas, a mandated minimum required by the state. 35 percent of H2 in northern California will come from similar renewable energy, a necessary condition to make such fuels truly clean. By comparison, electricity used to charge competitors in the Green Flight Challenge came from geothermal sites in Geyserville, making GFC competitors truly green aircraft.
Donald Sadoway, Professor of Materials Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), thinks neither battery nor hydrogen cars are ready for prime time, but he reserves the greater criticism for fuel cells, citing their expense, the use of high-priced platinum, questions of safety, and lack of infrastructure. Elon Musk and Renault-Nissan’s Carlos Ghosn both back batteries and downplay fuel cells. So why are other demonstrably smart players in the market backing hydrogen and investing huge amounts on a very big bet?
Alternatives come in the form of the BMW i3, which offers an optional “range extender” to supplement the car’s on-board batteries. Like a hybrid, the small internal combustion engine kicks in to carry the i3 beyond its limited battery range. Despite this hedging of their bets, BMW’s board member Ian Robertson predicts greater battery development in the next three to four years than in the previous 100 years. Dr Sadoway doesn’t expect that much even by 2030 without “massive new investment.” He thinks that a $20,000, 125-mile range EV could be successful.
As the Detroit News suggests, this battle between battery backers and H2 proponents may leave plug-in hybrids as the current victors in the sales battle.
Rolling Your Own
Of course, creative types may turn to generating their own hydrogen. After all, if one can spend $1,000 to install a 240-Volt electrical service to connect a $500 EV charger, why not install a hydrogen system to power the house, fuel the car and possibly the fuel cells for the personal aircraft? Initial costs of around $100,000 may stunt such interests, but we will undoubtedly see those costs go down, just as they have for batteries and charging systems. When such changes at higher levels take place, they inevitably become part of daily life – witness flat screen TVs, personal computers, and even cell phones – once toys for the One Percent, and now commodities for all.
Competition will probably sort out the eventual winners, or we will learn to live with multiple choices that could provide better, cleaner technology for our future flights.


Resilience is talked about a lot these days and for good reason.
Generally speaking, resilience is often defined as the ability to withstand adversity and bounce back from difficult life events. It does not mean an absence of stress, emotional upheaval or suffering in one’s life, rather an ability to work through emotional pain and suffering when it occurs.
Regardless of how you look at it, resilience is important because it gives people the strength they need to overcome challenges and work through problems. If you lack resilience, especially as a young person, you can easily get overwhelmed and may turn to unhealthy coping mechanisms.
How Much Does Resilience Matter to Learning?
A well-known 2011 meta-study by Durlak et al, reviewed 213 school-based, universal social and emotional learning programs involving over 270,000 US students from kindergarten to high school and found significantly improved social and emotional skills, improved positive attitudes about self, others and school.
On the back of improved behaviours lasting at least 12 months, many studies show a remarkable gain in academic achievement among students who exhibit strong resilient characteristics.
As the folks at Resilient Youth say, how you nourish and promote resilience may be the most influential action you take as a school leader.
For most of us, we often do not know where to start, so they produced a wonderful free document that shares 101 ways to build resilience and wellbeing in young people.
This document is jam-packed with dozens and dozens of low-cost or no-cost practical tips, tools and suggestions that will help you build the resilience of your students in their ordinary daily lives.
The 101 ideas were compiled by experienced educators and organised by Resilient Youth’s CPR Framework – Connected, Protected and Respected.
Here are just three really simple, effective ideas you will discover inside:
Use the language of optimism and empathy, eg show that you are listening by actively paraphrasing back what has been said. This illustrates you understand how the student feels.
Teach a lesson about ‘How we behave towards each other.’ The PDF shares a free lesson plan about ‘How we behave towards each other’ to get you started.
Include Brain Breaks in your lessons. As described in last week’s post, research clearly tells is regular short breaks not only provide valuable downtime (or rests) but they can also lead to increases in productivity, creativity and social skills.
You can never have enough ways to build resilience. Download Resilient Youth’s free PDF today, you’ll be glad that you did.


Tourism could be the training and strategy of attracting, appealing and helpful and in any other case compelling site visitors the art and science of bringing people alongside one another, the self-discipline of operating vacations, the group of coordinating, marketing, and investing in travelers. The saying is derived from the Greek concept tou Thesauropathy, which suggests "the mailing or benefiting from of guests." The very first form of holidays generally seems to have already been practiced in Egypt about 5 1000 in the past. From that point, via the generations, many forms of vacation have been and arose highly processed.
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Today, most of the world's society functions holidays to make an income. A comparatively small number of vacationers really take in any revenue from holidays. The bulk of visitors, in virtually any state, typically only views the inbound tourism outbound rather than engages in a outbound tourism by any means. Usually, the bulk of their revenue is through direct holidays income. This is why it is so important for virtually every vacationer vacation spot to develop an focused tourist system.
At any residential stage, especially in primary city areas, there are two different types of travel and leisure: the "inbound travel" plus the "outbound vacation." While the inbound travel and leisure is made of expending customers' money in the destination's usual atmosphere, the outgoing tourist is actually the opposite. Here, travelers normally commit their cash, together with their time, at even more remote as well as situations. The two are tightly connected. The inbound tourism is centered on the visitors' pursuits.
Hence, in certain regions, for example, national holidays includes browsing, going out to restaurants at a variety of eateries, browsing motif recreational areas, using long hard disks in busses, sightseeing via the seaside, and so on., in contrast to in other places, e.g., the Native indian subcontinent, it calls for expending funds, eating dinner out at a range of "specialization" eating places, as residential travel is primarily dedicated to the visitors' surroundings. Moreover, inbound travel and leisure features spending time in the town itself. However, the latter type of tourist has been escalating profoundly over the last several years or more, whilst inbound vacation continues to be over the improve since the mid-1990s. The growth in the quantity of dangerous visitors can even be attributed to the truth that many building regions are getting to be far more ready to accept the outside world.
It may be inaccurate to state that inbound holidays describes vacation redirected in the direction of paying dollars, and, alternatively, to talk about that outbound travel means hanging out. Whereas the outgoing travel represents wasting income, for the reason that the inbound travel describes passing time. Household tourist centers mainly on spending time, though ultimately, which means the latter means a myriad of spending. Even if this may seem like an oversimplification, it is really an simple to comprehend 1.
Another oversimplification is that residential tourism is focused on enjoying the regional way of life. Although visitors do make this error, it is really not the standard. Instead, most vacationers would like to try dealing with so much on the visitor way of life as they are able. Such as, although many tourists would like to try such a selected portion of the country's historical past is a lot like, addititionally there is interest in what that exact area can give travelers nowadays.
There are a number of several ways in which the vacation industry of a country might be assessed. These distinct specifications consist of the level of holidays funds which might be devoted each and every year by residential individuals, foreign travellers, point out and nationwide agencies, intercontinental agencies, companies, government departments and in many cases unique organizations. The number of tourism varies greatly within one area of the state to a different. For instance, tourist inside the Eastern Cape of South Africa seems to pay attention to the beach, even though Victoria tourists are certainly more focused on wines and sweets. Travel and leisure income deviates drastically by gender, age and family members variety.
There is a thing that most of these unique variations of holidays share also: they all make a lot of earnings to obtain a region. It truly is projected which the tourism field of Jamaica generates roughly $3.2 billion dollars 12 months. Together with tourism becoming an economical electrical generator, it is also crucial that travel and leisure is usually a societal assist. Many individuals depend upon travel and leisure since their source of income, making it a vital global financial, green and sociable investment.
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Science is a field that grows day by day. Its development does not stop. Man invent or try to discover new things, new facts every day. As year 2020, COVID-19 makes certain science related to promote vaccines and upgrades the […]
Science is a field that grows day by day. Its development does not stop. Man invent or try to discover new things, new facts every day. As year 2020, COVID-19 makes certain science related to promote vaccines and upgrades the virus testing kits.
In 2020, COVID-19 vaccine is on the frontline of every one’s mind. But scientists do many researches in many other fields. We must appreciate them for their valuable work. Here are some achievements of those scientists in 2020.
3D STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN
In November 2020, one of the largest scientific researches came out. Alphabet’s DeepMind Al made the huge progress and being able to predict the 3D structures of protein accurately.
In the field of biology, the folding problem is the crucial confront that biologist try to solve it for more than a half century. DeepMind Al has made quick progression in the biological field.
This scientific highlight of 2020 is very helpful in the biological research. It is also use in imputation of medicines.
ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR
In New York at the University of Rochester, first time in the world the world’s 1st room temperature superconductor was invented in 2020. By using organic compound in physics, led a research team invented it by using carbonaceous Sulphur hydride made out of carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur under high pressure.
Team invented material which has property of superconductor 14.5 degree Celsius. Superconductor is a material that holds or conducts electricity without resistance at the point when it becomes colder than a critical temperature.
They have property that they conduct electric current indefinitely without any power source. They used to form powerful magnets which are used in fusion reactors, CT scanners, and maglev trains. This invention is also the scientific highlight of 2020
BRAIN CANCER VACCINE
In 2019 researchers published a study showing that they’d successfully treated bone cancer in dogs with the new type of immune therapy.
They had managed to create a vaccine from the cancerous tumors themselves. By summer 2020 these finding were being used to develop vaccine for human cancers specifically certain brain cancers.
Every time the clinical trials are conduct, every time make a breakthrough in a dog or a cat with the new excellent response to a novel therapy. It thinks about the people that can benefit from that. It’s still early days but the treatment has been approved to enter clinical trial by the FDA it the US.
If successful it could not mean that we have an amazing new treatment for human cancer that does not require chemotherapy and at the very least it is good news for the man’s best friend
SYNTHETIC RED BLOOD CELL
We may not have superpower blood cells yet but we could soon have super powered blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which is what make them red and carry oxygen from our lungs to our heart and then to the rest of the body. Scientist have managed to create synthetic red blood cell that can do even more.
They have created by coating donated cells in silica which is then covered with positively and negatively charge polymers. This creates artificial cells that are same in size and shape and just as flexible.
They have worked well in mice and could become a new way to detect toxin deliver therapeutic drug and fight cancer. It is also one of the scientific highlights in 2020
FIRST VIDEO OF ATOMS FORMING CHEMICAL BONDS
Atoms are so small that we need extremely powerful electrons microscope to study them. A lot of our inference rather than actually watching then doing their things but now the first ever video of atom forming and breaking bonds to create molecule has been filmed by physicist.
Who trapped two rhenium atoms in carbon nanotube? It may be hard to believe that the grainy footage came from 2020 but it is the cutting edge of science and one of the most remarkable things ever seen. This technique will enable scientists to study atoms like never before
SIGNS OF LIFE ON VENUS
Phosphine detected in the Venusian cloud belt could be a sign of microbial life. Finding the gas like this on Venus is really exciting because of the possibility that it could have also been produced by life like it is on the earth. It is one of the major scientific highlights in 2020.
WATER ON THE MOON
We have known that there is ice on the moon for the long time but in 2020 it was confirmed that liquid water exists on the lunar surface.
It already knew that there was water ice hidden on the moon’s desert like surface. But now the thinking is these pockets of water some know bigger than a penny could be much more common and accessible than we previously thoughts.
NASA’s Sophia a flying observatory loaded onto an airline has detected water molecule on the near side of the moon. The molecules are not close enough each other pools but this is still incredibly significant with space agencies planning to return to moon.


Painting light and shadow in environmental design. Painting Light and Shadow study environmental concept design or visual storyboard scene. This post is a study of light and shadow and how figures or objects in shadow appear differently from the figures or objects that get expose to light.
I am just taking an excerpt from the older post, color vs values tip for artists and what was quoting from the great master Craig Mullins, “Decide what is in light and what is in shadow and don’t mix them up. Two major values, but if they are well thought out and designed and drawn they can look totally real. Think like that, but instead of making the light white and the shadow black, make the light a 70 and the shadow a 30.”
Then look around from some images that have similar lighting situation and compose my own using some part of story I come up with. These guys are running away from something and alley would be a good place to put the kind of lighting into use. So one figure that was ahead run into the shadow of a building when he turns in the corner. And the rest still get expose to light as they just came down the street. I hope that make sense. =)
Here is light and shadow study for environmental concept design.
Below are step by step process from the beginning to final light and shadow exercise.


- Pine flatwoods, scrub, sandhill, wetlands, grassland, agriculture
- Check FNAI species profile to determine seasonal occurrence
Survey Technique References:
Short-tailed snake (FNAI)
Eastern indigo snake (FNAI)
Atlantic salt marsh snake (FNAI)
Florida pine snake (FNAI)
For federally listed species, check the USFWS area of responsibility map and visit the appropriate field office web site for species- specific guidelines.


The death penalty in the United States should be abolished because it functions as a potent agent of racism and class oppression. African Americans and Latino/as represent the majority of those on death row. And executions are reserved almost exclusively for the poor. Ninety percent of those awaiting execution could not afford to hire a trial attorney.
In addition, death penalty abolitionists have known for decades that many of those executed are also innocent.
The article goes on to mention the highly publicized case of Todd Willingham, in which the arson experts proved he was innocent after he'd been executed. The thrust of the article is that the disproportionate number of black and Hispanic prisoners on Death Row, like Wllingham, is due to racism and poverty.
I'm not sure why they call this "another reason." I thought this was one of the main reasons right along, as we've discussed before.
Of course, Texas appeared prominent in the article.
As Shaka Sankofa lay strapped on the gurney in Huntsville on June 22, 2000, he said, “They know I’m innocent. They’ve got the facts to prove it. ... But they cannot acknowledge my innocence, because to do so would be to publicly admit their guilt.”
Sankofa continued, “Slavery couldn’t stop us. The lynchings in the South couldn’t stop us. This lynching will not stop us tonight. We will go forward . ... It’s state-sanctioned lynching, right here in America and right here tonight. Our destiny in this country is freedom and liberation. We will gain it by any means necessary. We must avenge this murder and continue to move forward to stop all executions of the poor and of Black people.”
We must put Shaka Sankofa’s words into action and abolish the racist and anti-poor death penalty.
What's your opinion? Do you agree that capital punishment is racist and anti-poor? Does the fact that a disproportionate number of minorities are executed prove anything? Do you think it's fair to call the death penalty "modern lynching?"
Please feel free to leave a comment.


Although we spend a great deal of time teaching children to think critically, it actually does not take a great deal of insight or education to uncover moral flaws in the world around us. For example, when it comes to the market economy, no one has much difficulty coming up with an objection to the arrangement under which affluent western consumers line up to pay $3 for a fancy cup of coffee, while the farmers who grow the coffee beans earn less than that in a day.
Indeed, the hard part is not really spotting these problems, but figuring out what to do about them. Some people are quite optimistic that solutions can be found. The great economist Kenneth Arrow once declared that “when the market fails to achieve an optimal state, society will, to some extent at least, recognize the gap and non-market social institutions will arise attempting to bridge it.” Would that it were so!
Arrow made this remark in 1963, in the context of a prescient discussion of health care, where he pointed out that the combination of uncertainty and ignorance made it very difficult for ordinary commercial transactions to take place in this area. (As a patient, you have little choice but to trust your doctor. But if your doctor is just trying to make money, like Adam Smith’s infamous “butcher and baker,” then why ever would you trust your doctor?)
Arrow’s response to this was in many ways typical of mid 20th-century optimism about our capacity to respond effectively to market failure. With respect to health care, his thought was that some people genuinely do have specialized medical knowledge, and other people are not only in need of this knowledge but are willing to pay good money for it. Thus there is a mutually beneficial transaction that is simply waiting to occur. If the parties are unable to organize this transaction using the resources of ordinary commercial law, then they will begin casting about for other institutional arrangements that can make it happen.
What is striking about the example of doctors and healthcare services is that the “non-market” institution that arises, which allows the parties to work around the market failure, does not require government intervention. In this respect health care is quite different from other markets. To the extent that you trust the butcher, it is because you know that there is a government inspector in every single slaughterhouse, with the power to close down the entire operation in response to even a single infraction. The trust that you have in your doctor, by contrast, is not achieved primarily through government regulation and oversight, but rather through professional self-regulation on the part of doctors.
This serves as an important reminder that not every market failure needs to be resolved by the state. Market actors themselves often have an interest in correcting these failures (or can be persuaded to develop such an interest). So the mere fact that there is pollution, or safety problems, or exploitation, does not automatically mean that the government needs to get involved. It is far too easy to make the jump from saying “Someone should do something about this!” to saying “The government should do something about this!”
This observation is one that acquired greater significance toward the end the 20th century and into the 21st, thanks to waning enthusiasm for the regulatory state and, beginning in the 1980s, the growing power of political actors committed to deregulation. In part this was due to the very success of regulation, particularly in the areas of environmental and consumer protection. Since the low-hanging fruit was the first to be picked—the regulations that would produce the greatest benefit at the lowest cost were the first to be implemented—over time regulation began to extend into areas where the ratio of benefits to costs did not favour state action quite so obviously.
The problems are well known: the law is a blunt instrument; compliance and enforcement costs can be significant; regulation creates rigidities, making it difficult for market actors to respond flexibly to new circumstances. Furthermore, with increased international trade, market actors began to encounter problems stemming directly from the limits of state power. (Canada can set the terms for logging in its own forests, but it has no power over the way that timber is cut in Indonesia.) As a result of these forces, western governments became both less willing and less capable of regulating. Social activists therefore became more and more interested in working around the state, in many cases trying to deal directly with private actors to resolve some of the problems caused by poorly structured markets.
This confluence of circumstances gave rise to the development of what is known as private governance—namely, initiatives taken by private actors that start with the bare bones rules that govern market exchange, then layer over them a more demanding set of constraints aimed at improving environmental stewardship, improving labour standards, and so on. Perhaps the most important form of private governance to emerge in the past few decades has been the voluntary certification systems in certain sectors. Most consumers are aware of these because of fair trade coffee (and, to a lesser extent, organic vegetables). But voluntary certification has also been an important force in forestry and seafood.
Some of the pioneering academic work on the subject of self-regulation has been done by a klatch of Canadians: Ben Cashore, Graeme Auld and Steven Bernstein. Auld’s new book, Constructing Private Governance: The Rise and Evolution of Forest, Coffee and Fisheries Certification, is a comparative study of the rise of voluntary certification. Although aimed at an academic audience, it contains material and analysis that will also be of interest to anyone with a practical commitment to improving and extending business self-regulation. This is primarily because private governance has not been an unequivocal success in any of these areas, and so it is useful to compare the different sectors to see what patterns can be found, and which strategies have proven more or less effective.
In order for any of this private governance to get off the ground, there must be some deviation from the intensely competitive conditions that govern a standard commodity market. If products are entirely undifferentiated, then the only thing left to compete on is price, which in turn does not leave much room for social responsibility. The lowest-cost producer simply wins.
There are, however, many markets where these conditions do not prevail, and so producers have some respite from the tyranny of the lowest price. The first deviation occurs in markets where there is significant international trade. As is well known, states impose a wide range of restrictions on goods that are exchanged internationally, and so market competition is almost never straightforward. Furthermore, different states impose vastly different regulatory conditions, with developing countries often having much laxer standards. This provides an important point d’appui for the emergence of certification standards, since not only western consumers, but often western retailers, not to mention western governments, are less than enthusiastic about purchasing goods that are produced under conditions that would be illegal domestically.
Because of this, an arrangement similar to the popular ISO standards (issued by the International Organization for Standardization) provides one template for the emergence of certification systems. This is the model that has developed most clearly in the forestry sector, for example, with the Forest Stewardship Council certification program, which provides one instance of what Auld refers to as a “global-first” initiative.
The second major deviation from the competitiveness of standard commodity markets involves the role that brands play in consumer markets. It has often been observed that, although tap water is free, consumers have demonstrated a willingness to pay as much as $8 per litre for tap water that has been filtered and bottled by the Coca-Cola Company. So obviously price competition is not the major driving force in this market. This gives rise, quite naturally, to the idea that “ethical” sourcing or production might become a part of brand identity, or that it might even become the brand.
Thus the second major template for the emergence of a certification system is that it might function like a brand—underwritten, ultimately, by the willingness of consumers to pay a premium for products that have the certification. This is the business model that has predominated in the coffee sector, particularly with the various fair trade programs, which are an instance of what Auld refers to as a local-first initiative.
Now, of course both timber and coffee are traded internationally, the latter in great quantities. The primary difference in strategy, Auld observes, is that forestry is subject to significant barriers to entry in both production and retail, which means that it is very difficult for new firms to get into the business. Coffee, on the other hand, has very low barriers to entry at every level, in growing, roasting and retail. Fishing, by contrast, is more like forestry, because even though the industry has relatively low capital requirements, most states manage access through long-term permits or quotas, which are already fully allocated.
It is obvious once Auld says it—but only after he says it—that these barriers to entry are going to be a crucial determinant of which strategy is effective. With low barriers to entry, certification systems can emerge like brands, in a local-first way, simply because there is very little to stop someone from setting up a coffee shop, roasting their own beans, sourcing them from suppliers who produce it under conditions that they approve of. With forestry, by contrast, because of barriers to entry, there is little choice but to work with existing firms. Thus one must approach the entire initiative from a different angle, in order to get buy-in from the major industry players.
This is just one of many insights to be gained from Auld’s book, which contains a wealth of material, all presented in a cogent and accessible format. He has done an admirable job of separating out the different threads that make up the complex skein of initiatives and interests in each of these different sectors. If there is any criticism to be made, it is perhaps that he takes the social science thing too far, producing an analysis so dispassionate that it is difficult to tell which overall approach he favours. I came away with the sense that he leans in the direction of the forestry model, because it has achieved an outcome closer to what regulation might achieve. The local-up initiatives, by contrast, are not only plagued by a hodgepodge of overlapping labels and certification systems, but are also often limited in their ambitions.
If Auld plays his cards a bit too close to his chest, Gavin Fridell is very much the opposite. His recent book, Coffee, which appeared in Polity Press’s “Resources” series, is actually not so much about coffee as it is about the injustice of the world, as illustrated by the case of coffee. Fridell is the sort of writer who finds it important to observe that the hardships suffered by farmers as a result of failures in the Central American coffee crop, ostensibly caused by leaf rust, are actually the consequence of “an unequal and unjust global coffee economy forged through the actions of imperialist and autocratic states over hundreds of years of colonialism, slavery, and the expansion of the capitalist world system.”
Perhaps needless to say, Fridell does not have much enthusiasm for the forms of private governance that interest Auld. Indeed, he tips his hand at the outset of the discussion, when he chooses to refer to them as “neoliberal governance” initiatives.
And yet, for a book that is entirely focused on the injustices of the world system (including, incidentally, the complicity of nation-states through the “coffee statecraft” they practise) Fridell says almost nothing about his own framework of assessment. One gets the sense that his visceral reaction to the contrast between affluent western consumers and impoverished coffee farmers is so strong that it relieves him of any sense of the need to produce an argument to show that the former are exploiting the latter.
More problematically, Fridell does not feel any need to show that the inequalities at work in the coffee sector are somehow greater, or more egregious, than the inequalities that characterize the production of any other agricultural good. Even a simple comparison chart between coffee and, say, corn, rice and maybe cacao, would have been highly informative.
Coffee does have two features that might make it at least slightly distinctive. The first, as Auld notes, is that it has very low barriers to entry. It is simply not hard to get into the coffee-growing business. This makes the market intensely competitive, and thus puts constant downward pressure on the price of green beans. The second feature is that it takes between two and five years for the bushes to reach maturity, as a result of which the market is more likely to suffer from periodic gluts and shortages.
What this all adds up to is that an individual coffee farmer, working a small plot of land, is going to be leading a poor and precarious existence, because the value of the product is not very high and the prices are volatile. And yet one is tempted to describe this, not so much as an injustice, but rather as just an immediate consequence of engaging low-productivity, non-mechanized, monocultural agriculture.
The standard prescription is to change the conditions of production, through mechanization and increased scale, intensification through green-revolution technology, and diversification to protect against volatility. Yet Fridell appears to reject all of the latter expedients, in favour of some combination of price supports and welfare-state transfers. This is a controversial position, and yet it is not clear how he gets there. Given that the entire book is motivated by social justice concerns, one would like to see the structure of the moral argument laid out explicitly.
And yet if Fridell’s ideal seems utopian, the real world of private governance that Auld describes falls desperately short of what we require. The easy optimism that Arrow expressed, when he suggested that non-market institutions will naturally arise to correct flaws in existing markets, remains more of a pious hope than an empirically supported generalization. There can be no doubt that people try to create these institutions, but the obstacles that they face are formidable.


This falling behind is called the “summer slide,” and parents and summertime caregivers (like grandparents and babysitters) are the most effective force in preventing it. While you probably don’t have the heart to enroll in your kids in summer school if they performed well the year before, there are lots of activities — organized and non-official — that will keep your kids’ brains active. Here’s what parents need to know about fighting the summer slide.
•If my child slides, does that mean he or she will be behind all year?: Most kids fall behind a little during the summer, especially if they aren’t pursuing any sort of educational activity, like going to day camp. But that doesn’t mean they’re stupid or will continue to slip once they’re back in a classroom. Think of it like practicing an instrument: if you stop playing for three months, your first few lessons will be harder than you remembered, and it may take you a few weeks to get back on track, no matter how great you performed before.
•How are math skills affected?: A recent Time magazine story estimated that most students fall at least a month behind in math skills during the summertime.
•What about reading?: The same article points to students from low-income schools and backgrounds as suffering the most when it comes to reading: many from those communities fall up to three months behind in reading development, even if they made similar progress as middle-income students during the academic year.
•Is it possible to reverse the slide?: Yes. Some children — particularly those from higher income backgrounds who typically have access to more educational opportunities during the summer — actually improve skills and are better prepared for the new school year than they were when they finished in May or June.
•Do kids even want to learn during the summer?: Of course your kids want and deserve a break, but the Today show reported that over 50% of students expressed interest in some sort of summer learning program.
How Kids Slide
Summer is about being a little lazy, playing with friends, and having a more relaxed schedule. But if you see your kids spending too much time with the following activities, you need to direct them to something more educational and productive, or at least find a way to incorporate learning into their summertime indulgences.
•Going to the pool every single day (and not bringing a book)
•Watching re-runs (or too much TV in general)
•Playing video games
•Texting and playing with smart phones
•Sleeping way too late
Activities and Learning Opportunities
Keep your kids learning with these activities. They’ll still have fun and get to enjoy more quality time with family members and friends, too.
•Read books: Reading may be one of the most effective ways to prevent the summer slide. Early readers won’t lose ground at all if they take on 30 or more books per summer, according to a Denver, CO, principal.
•Read everything else, too: Turn your kids on to newspapers, magazines, menus, maps, blogs, and everything else, just so that they can get the practice. They’ll also learn about new media, current events, and work on developing critical thinking and more complex reading comprehension skills.
•Get the whole family involved: Don’t isolate your child the same way he or she might feel during traditional homework time. Instead, get everyone involved for a library trip, puzzle night, or even reading out loud.
•Have dinner together: Actually have a conversation that includes your kids during dinner time, like studying a map before taking a trip or reviewing a movie you all just watched.
•Free museum days: Most city museums have a free day once a week or a couple of times a month. Take your kids and their friends on these days, and let them explore the exhibits. Ask them to write down their favorite memory, and something they learned from the trip.
•Embrace hands-on learning: Let kids try out new recipes they see on TV or work out science experiments in the backyard.
•Summer classes: Sign up your child for one or two summer classes that are run more like a camp. You don’t have to schedule them for math or history classes — any class that teaches them a new skill in a subject they’re interested in like creative writing or painting will keep them motivated.
•Tutor: Hire a private tutor to come to your house for a few weeks to help your child practice math and reading skills in a workbook or by playing games. Keep the lessons casual and relaxed.
•Embrace online learning resources and games: Not all video or online games are bad, and as many more schools are using technology in the classroom, your child actually should have a solid understanding of computers and the web. Experiment with virtual reality games, open courseware, and even podcasts for learning.
•Camp: Day camps and sleep-away camps provide social interaction, outdoors adventures, arts and crafts and other activities that sneak learning and development in without kids really knowing it.
•Go on vacation: Vacations — even ones close to home — are terrific learning opportunities for kids and adults. Visit tourist centers to learn about the area, go to museums, and invite your children to help with the planning process, too.
•Performing arts: Get tickets to free summer concerts or plays to introduce children to the arts.
•Make up your own field trip: Draw up a scavenger hunt outlining local history and culture, and then take your kids and a camera around the city for an educational game.
•National Summer Learning Association: This group started at Johns Hopkins University when students tutored Baltimore-area kids during the summer. Parents can find tips, stories and a blog if they want ideas on keeping their kids engaged and learning on school breaks.
•Reading is Fundamental: Learn about literacy programs supported by this group, and check out the parents page to find reading tips and activities by age group.
•Reading Rockets: Find reading guides and help discovering how to best teach your children how to read on this site.
•Family Education: This website features printable worksheets, and lots of family activities that promote learning.
•KidsKnowIt.com: Let your kids play the games on this site, categorized by subjects like memory, history, math and astronomy.
•PBS Kids: Young children can watch videos and play games to help with math, spelling, and more.
•LearningPlanet.com: From word searches to daily quizzes, kids can play games for free, and parents can subscribe to access even more activities.
•Discovery Channel: The Discovery Channel has great videos, games, news stories, and info pages about everything from shark week to technology.


Remembering the Lamed-Heh on the 70th anniversary of the battle that killed 35 fighters trying to save Gush Etzion during the War of Independence
REPRINTS FROM THE JERUSALEM POST; BY GOL KALEV, JANUARY 19, 2018
On November 29, 1947, Jews in Jerusalem and throughout Palestine were glued to their radios. Paper and pens in hand, they were tallying the UN General Assembly vote for the partition of Palestine, which would end the British Mandate and establish a Jewish state.
When it was declared the vote had passed, a burst of joy erupted. A spontaneous party formed in front of the Jewish Agency building in Jerusalem.
Hundreds of people danced, sang and wept – including some British policemen.
As truckloads of people arrived to join the festivities, Zionist leader and future prime minister Golda Meir stepped onto the balcony and addressed the exuberant crowd below.
“For 2,000 years we aspired for redemption,” she said and then addressed the Palestinian Arabs: “This partition plan is a compromise – not what you wanted, not what we wanted. But now let us live together in friendship and in peace.”
But the Arab reaction was neither friendship nor peace. Two days later, an Arab mob stormed out of Jaffa Gate, axes in hand, and assaulted Jewish passersby. Elsewhere in Palestine, sporadic violence broke out, including shots fired at Jewish buses.
In other parts of the Middle East, Jewish homes and stores were set ablaze. In Aleppo, Syria, 75 Jews were massacred. In Aden, Yemen, 85 Jews were murdered. These riots led not only to the eventual cleansing of Jews from communities in which they lived for centuries, but it also sent a message to the leaders of the Middle East: the “Arab street” wants them to come to the aid of Palestine.
Indeed, in early January, a “rescue army” was sent by the Arab League. The army was comprised of fighters from Iraq, Jordan and elsewhere, many of whom previously had been trained by the British military.
“This was a way for governments to give an answer to popular sentiments,” Prof. Alon Kadish of the Hebrew University explains. “The Palestine issue was popular in the street, but not with Arab governments. Also, this was a way for opposition groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, to create legitimacy and arm themselves.”
The British, focused on a dignified and orderly withdrawal on one hand and protecting their interests in the Middle East on the other, looked the other way when the armed Arab fighters arrived – while extensively monitoring the seafront in search of incoming Jewish weaponry and immigrants.
Arabs inside Palestine began organizing into militias. Training camps were established, such as in Tzurif, south of Jerusalem near Gush Etzion – a bloc of Jewish kibbutzim in the Judean hills.
THE ARABS quickly identified a Jewish soft spot: the roads. Ambushes were set to cut off supply lines to isolated Jewish villages and to Jerusalem.
Jewish drivers were not allowed to carry weapons. The British, asserting that they were the sole keeper of law and order, set up roadblocks, confiscated weapons and at times arrested Jews carrying them.
“There was a procedure to coordinate convoys with the British,” Kadish explains, “but the Hagana [predecessor to the Israel Defense Forces] feared that some British would leak the information to the ambushing Arabs, and hence there was no coordination.”
Supply convoys turned into death traps while isolated villages fell under a de facto siege. Such was the case with Gush Etzion.
Just as Arab leaders encouraged Arab civilians to evacuate to aid incoming fighters, so did the Jews in some cases. By early January, the children and non-fighting adults of Gush Etzion were evacuated to the Ratisbonne Monastery in Jerusalem.
One of those children was Yochanan Ben-Yaacov, today a historian specializing in the Gush Etzion region. The hostilities, he said, came as a surprise.
“Right up to the very beginning of the war there was peace with the Arab villages. Two days before the outbreak of violence, people from Gush Etzion went to [neighboring Arab village] Beit Ummar to invite friends to a wedding.”
A week after the children were evacuated, an escalation occurred: A massive force led by the Tzurif training camp militia, accompanied by local Arab villagers, assaulted Gush Etzion on January 14. Ben-Yaacov, whose father stayed in the Gush to defend it, describes the local dynamics.
“The villagers did not want to cooperate with the Tzurif militia, but they were told that the Jewish settlements were about to be destroyed and that there will be ample bounty. They came to loot.”
The offensive represented a turning point for the Arabs in the war – a shift from sporadic riots to an organized effort to conquer territory.
In spite of limited weaponry, the Gush’s Jewish fighters were able to repel the assault, inflicting heavy casualties on the attacking Arabs. Gush Etzion prevailed – for a while. Kadish points to a contributing factor:
“The Arab attack ended because night fell and because their militia did not have supply lines. Hence, once it was dark, the attackers returned to their respective villages and base.”
It was clear, though, that they would be back.
With an imminent threat of another attack, a severe shortage of ammunition, medicine and fighting men, and with transportation lines cut off, a decision was made to send reinforcements to the Gush by foot. An unsuccessful attempt was made late that night to send such a force from Jerusalem.
The next evening, on Thursday, January 15, a group of 40 students on a botanical research expedition drove from Jerusalem to the village of Hartuv, near today’s Beit Shemesh. The elite unit planned to begin their 28-km. march toward Gush Etzion somewhere between 7 and 8 p.m. and to arrive at their destination between 2 and 3 a.m.
But while the unarmed students/fighters were able to make their way through the roadblocks and arrive at Hartuv on time for the operation, the pickup truck carrying their weapons and equipment was late. The British patrols forced them to take extra precautions and conceal the weapons in the double-edged parameters of the vehicle. That also required extra time to retrieve the weapons once the truck arrived. It then became evident that there were only 38 machine guns that could be collected for the 40 fighters. Two men had to stay behind.
SHORTLY AFTER 11 p.m., the group of 38 was ready to depart, but the Hartuv regional commander, Rephael Ben Aroja, pleaded with the force to postpone the mission until the next night, pointing out that it would be daylight by their arrival time and hence they were likely to be discovered. Danny Mass, the mission commander, argued back that by daybreak they would be close enough to Gush Etzion and if compromised, they would be able to fight their way into the Gush.
So, the force left Hartuv some time after 11 p.m., armed with supplies and ammunition, but not with a communication device – a luxury not yet available in the Jerusalem arena (pigeon posts which were used instead were not effective at night).
A little over an hour into the journey, one of the fighters stumbled over a small cliff in the dark and sprained his leg. This caused a delay as the medic attempted to improvise a solution that would allow him to continue. Mass eventually decided to send him back, accompanied by two other soldiers. The original group of 40 was now down by five and will forever be known as the Lamed-Heh (“35” in Hebrew letters).
It was now 1 a.m., with only five hours left of darkness. As to what happened at that point, conversations with Arabs who took part in battle as well as with British police commanders paint a fairly clear picture. Ben-Yaacov, who participated in such conversations, recounts his recollections.
“Around 6 a.m., two advance scouts paving the way for the force, encountered two Arab women chopping wood [for fuel]. Those scouts were immigrants from an Arab country and told the women in Arabic that they were part of the Arab force. The women did not believe them, dropped their wood and ran to their village, yelling Jews! Jews!”
Once it was confirmed that there were Jewish fighters in the field, a battle call went out. The fighters from the Tzurif training camp were once again joined by the local villagers. Hundreds of Arabs poured into the field and surrounding areas in search of the Lamed-Heh group. Gunfire soon erupted, which subsided after some time, probably due to the Lamed-Heh fighters’ ability to hide.
Ben-Yaacov recounts what likely happened after a few hours of quiet: “In the afternoon, the Lamed-Heh decided to go up a hill. It is not clear if it was on their own initiative, or because they were attacked in their hiding place.”
As soon as they took the hill, they were engaged from multiple directions. Now entrenched on what is known today as the “battle hill,” the remaining fighters were likely hoping to prolong the battle until nightfall and then run the five km uphill to Gush Etzion. They were fully aware that there were no forces from the Gush that could come to their rescue. After all, they themselves were the Gush’s rescue force.
The battle on the hill lasted for several hours. Between 4:30 and 5 p.m., as sun was setting, the last gunshots were heard. Arab fighters testified that the Jewish force began throwing stones at them once they ran out of bullets. The British police commander who arrived at the scene the next morning reported that indeed one of dead fighters on the Jewish side was still clutching a stone in his hand.
Meanwhile, at the Jewish Agency building in Jerusalem from which Golda Meir had called for peace just six weeks prior, Intelligence commanding officer and future president Yitzhak Navon was in the listening room. One of his team members asked him to listen to something peculiar. Navon recounted those moments in a TV interview decades later.
“I put on the headsets and heard calls of joy in Arabic: ‘We killed them, we slaughtered them!’ I walked downstairs to the regional commander and told him, something is happening near Gush Etzion.” Realizing that this concerned the Lamed-Heh team, the commander pulled out the list of fighters. That is when Navon saw that one of the fallen soldiers was his cousin, Yaakov Ben-Atar. “He was a genius,” Navon reflected. “If this group had not been slaughtered, you would have found among them a prime minster, foreign minister, speaker of Knesset, head of the army… such a terrible loss.”
THE LAMED-HEH story remains of strong interest. It raises issues of war ethics, as the force did not kill the two women who went on to inform on them, nor an older Arab shepherd who according to some Arab sources discovered them along the way. We will never know if their decisions were based on operational or ethical considerations, but we do know that they decided to persevere with the mission in spite of being compromised.
The Lamed-Heh could have aborted and withdrawn to safety four times: At the outset, at 11 p.m., when they realized they would not get to Gush Etzion by daylight; at 1 a.m., when they were delayed by treating an injured comrade, making their discovery a near certainty; at 6 a.m. when exposed by the two Arab women; and possibly also later in the day, after they were engaged by the Arab force.
Yet they decided to proceed. Their withdrawal could have meant the fall of the Gush and the massacre of its residents. Thus, aborting was simply not an option for them.
All 35 fighters died, but their deaths were not in vain. Paradoxically, they accomplished their mission to protect the Gush from an imminent attack. Based on his conversation with Abu-Ibrahim, the mukhtar (village head) of Jaba, Ben-Yaacov explains how.
“The Arabs assumed that the Jewish fighters were there to attack the Tzurif training camp and the villages in retaliation for the Arab assault two days prior.”
That, in turn, deterred the Arabs from attacking the Gush again.
Moreover, this had implications for the progress of the war.
“That same night, on Friday night, a meeting was held at Jaba of all the region’s Arab mukhtars [village leaders],” Ben-Yaacov recounts. “They reportedly said to one another, if Jews fight the way they fought today, we will have no chance to defeat them.”
Refraining from attacking Gush Etzion again that winter allowed the scarce Jewish resources to be deployed elsewhere. The war expanded to other fronts and involved other tactics. Jewish centers were targeted with car bombs, including The Palestine Post (today The Jerusalem Post), as well as the same Jewish Agency building, where Golda Meir called for peace and where Navon learned about the tragic fate of the Lamed-Heh.
Gush Etzion held out for another four months, but in early May, the Jordanian Legion, joined by local villagers and militia, assaulted the Gush again. The defenders were able to hold off the attackers for two days, but on Thursday, May 13, the Arabs conquered the Gush and massacred its residents. Of 131 defenders, 127 died, among them Ben-Yaacov’s father. Gush Etzion had fallen.
The next day, on Friday, May 14, the British withdrew and Israel declared independence. The war was to rage on for another 10 months. By the time it was over, the Jews had lost fully 1% of their total population and the Arabs also suffered tremendous casualties. The war produced 800,000 Jewish refugees and nearly the same number of Arab refugees.
For the Jews, the joy of survival was clouded by the agony of national losses. The Old City of Jerusalem had fallen, ending centuries of continuous Jewish presence in the walled city. Gush Etzion had fallen, ending centuries of continuous Jewish presence in the region close to Hebron.
For 19 years, Gush Etzion stood in ruins, but in June 1967, war erupted. Israel once again defied the analysts’ predictions – it not only survived but gained territory.
Ben-Yaacov was fighting on the Gaza front. On the seventh day, as the ceasefire was announced, he pleaded with his commander for a few hours’ leave.
“I told him that I wanted to go see my home.”
Ben-Yaacov made his way to the ruins of Gush Etzion. He found there dozens of the Gush’s widows and former children, now soldiers, there for the same reason.
“I recognized everything,” he said. “The lone oak tree, the landing strip. For 19 years, I grew up on stories about my home. Now I was standing there and I could not decide if it was real or if I was in a dream.”
Three months later, Gush Etzion was revived. Ben-Yaacov moved back to the kibbutz where he was born, and where his father, Yaacov Klapholtz, died fighting for its defense. He changed his last name to commemorate his father and raised his six children in the Gush.
More than 50 years later, Gush Etzion is flourishing. Residents recount that for the first 30 years, good relations with the Arab neighbors have been restored. The outbreak of the First Intifada sabotaged relations, but amicable interactions and even friendships are formed through the Gush’s workplaces and shopping centers. The main assault on the Gush these days comes from the outside, such as from the European Union’s attempt to boycott regional products and businesses, which employ both Arabs and Jews.
Perhaps the message of the Lamed- Heh that was so clearly received by the local Arabs can now reach those who are attempting to boycott and harm Israel: there is no chance of defeating the Jewish State.
The memory of the fallen lives forever, and with it, as Golda Meir expressed the day before war erupted, the relentless quest to live in friendship and peace.
For more articles by Gol Kalev: europeandjerusalem.com
Click for PDF of the print edition. In photos, Abu-Ibrahim, the Jaba mukhtar who fought the Lamed-Heh, recounts the battle to Ben-Yaacov and other Gush Etzion residents in 1970:


Why Do I Need to Floss Every Day?
Flossing is a crucial piece of oral hygiene. In fact, it is just as important as brushing because it gets into hard-to-reach spots between the teeth that even the best toothbrush can’t get to. At Prescott Dentistry, we understand that flossing is often the hardest component of the daily oral hygiene routine. So today we’ll look at why you actually do need to floss every day.
Why do I need to floss?
There are many benefits of flossing—including the prevention of tooth decay and gingivitis and improved breath. People who don’t floss are more likely to have a buildup of plaque between the teeth, which leads to gum disease and cavities. There has been some debate in the news in recent years about the necessity of flossing, however, as dentists, we can always tell the difference between those who floss and those who don’t.
Why do I need to floss every day?
If plaque isn’t removed from between the teeth daily, it builds up and ultimately hardens into a sticky substance called tartar, or calculus. A buildup of tartar can lead to gum disease. The ADA recommends flossing at least once per day to remove plaque, bacteria and food debris, helping to prevent cavities and gum disease.
When is the best time to floss?
The most important thing about flossing is that you actually do it every day. As long as you do a thorough job, the time of day isn’t as important. Doing it at the same time every day can help you remember. Setting an alarm might help. Whenever you decide to do it, pick a time of day when you can dedicate an extra couple of minutes to your dental care. If you are tired at night, try doing it in the morning.
Is it possible to floss too much?
No, you can’t floss too much as long as you’re doing it correctly. In fact, you may need to floss more than once a day, especially after meals, to clean out food or debris that’s stuck between your teeth. Keep in mind that cleaning between your teeth should not be painful. If you apply too much pressure or move the floss back and forth too vigorously, you may damage your enamel and your gums. It’s normal to feel some discomfort at first, but with daily brushing and cleaning between your teeth, that discomfort should lessen after a week or two. If you continue to have pain or bleeding with flossing, let us know.
What kind of floss should I use?
There are a number of different kinds of flosses, although any of them will work. Here are some tips about the characteristics of different types of flosses:
- Wide floss—also known as dental tape, this option may be a better choice for people with bridgework. This is also better for people who have teeth that are spaced farther apart than most.
- Waxed floss—easier to slide between teeth that are close together.
- Unwaxed floss—thinner and easier to hold and results in using less floss.
- Water flosser—easier to hold and good for people with dental appliances; however, does not remove all plaque and should not be used as a replacement for dental floss.
If you are unsure of what kind of floss is best for you, ask us for recommendations at your next appointment.
Holistic Dentist in Prescott
Refer to this 2019 blog for our guide on proper flossing technique to make sure you’re doing it right! Daily flossing, along with good brushing and regular dental cleanings done by our staff here at Prescott Dentistry, will go a long way to helping your teeth and gums stay healthy, strong, and beautiful. Give us a call to schedule an appointment with our compassionate, dedicated team.


Unique depictions and illustrations are a play area of visual enjoyments. In dynamic workmanship, the craftsman can make universes of shading and examination. Dynamic specialists utilize shape, shading, line, surface, example, arrangement and procedure to exhibit thoughts and summon feelings in a beautiful, nonlinear design. A dynamic painting can be about any one or blend of these components.
Albeit Abstract Art exists as a general style portraying non-target workmanship, there are numerous, a wide range of styles inside the class. Each style of unique craftsmanship serves its own specific importance or plan. Furthermore, every craftsman has his or own individual style. For instance, a few craftsmen utilize many hues, while others utilize negligible shading. Some conceptual specialists fuse bunches of examples and subtle elements, and others simply paint immense squares of shading. There are craftsmen who concentrate on the push and draw of negative and positive space (or other formal qualities), while others concentrate on visual narrating. To put it plainly, there are various approaches to approach digest workmanship!
The fundamental bringing together component among all types of dynamic workmanship is that the work is non-objective and non-authentic. This implies the craftsmanship does not purposefully appear as though anything. Theoretical workmanship can be founded on a frame that exists in all actuality, or it can be construct simply in light of the creative ability. In theoretical craftsmanship, the procedure is regularly similarly as vital (if not more essential in the experience of the craftsman), than the last item. There are numerous ways that a craftsman can apply paint to theoretical paintings, for example, moving, brushing, splattering, dribbling, scratching or drenching the paint. Their brushstrokes might be unpleasant and rough, or fine and fragile. They may work altogether instinctively, making the unique painting off the highest point of their head. Or, then again they may adopt the pre-arranged strategy, precisely penciling in the points of interest before putting the brush to canvas. What’s more, unique craftsmen can likewise append sand or different types of surface to the canvas to make an additional measurement to the fine art. For more information, please visit our site https://angelasimeone.com/


One of the more common contaminants reported by residents of Stoughton is iron. The EPA maximum allowable level for iron in water as a secondary contaminant is .3 parts per million and for manganese is .05 parts per million (or 50 ppb). These contaminants often show up together. Small amounts of these minerals can create very noticeable, even devastating affects on your home’s water quality. They can interfere with many cleaning tasks, from doing the laundry to washing dishes to taking a shower. Washing your hair may leave it feeling sticky and dull or even discolor it. Dishes and glasses get spotted and a film may build up on shower doors, bathtubs, sinks and faucets. Clothes can look dingy and feel rough and scratchy. Iron can also cause a residue to build-up in pipes that can lower water pressure.
Iron (see photo below) can build-up inside your water using appliances. Some other affects include corrosion and scaling inside pipes and major staining throughout the home’s showers, bathtubs, and sinks. For those using their water for outside lawn irrigation, iron and manganese can cause major staining of outside walkways, house siding and anyplace the water touches. See the link at https://h2ocare.com/irrigation/.
A water softener is effective in removing dissolved forms of iron & manganese and hardness minerals. To remove particulate forms, water filtration utilizing a cartridge filter with proper micron rating will be effective. Depending on the specific situation, this could require a series of filters with different size micron ratings to handle heavier levels in the water. Selecting the appropriate micron rating and style of filter can be determined by a water treatment professional based on water test results and other symptoms. Water softeners vary, including up-flow versus down-flow which can make a big difference, particularly if there are elevated levels of iron or manganese in the water. For more on hard water, see hard water epa.
If properly designed, a combination of water softening and sediment filtration can resolve even extremely high levels of iron.


Bolivia (/bəˈlɪviə/, Spanish: [boˈliβja], Quechua: Buliwya, Aymara: Wuliwya), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Spanish: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia locally: [esˈtaðo pluɾinasjoˈnal de βoˈliβja]), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina to the south, Chile to the southwest, and Peru to the west.Prior to European colonization, the Andean region of Bolivia was a part of the Inca Empire – the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The conquistadors took control of the region in the 16th century. During most of the Spanish colonial period, this territory was known as Upper Peru and was under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included most of Spain's South American colonies, although the area enjoyed substantial autonomy under the jurisdiction of the Royal Court of Charcas. After the first call for independence in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar, on 6 August 1825. Bolivia has struggled through periods of political instability and economic woes.Bolivia is a democratic republic that is divided into nine departments. Its geography is varied from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated within the Amazon Basin. It is a developing country, with a Medium Human Development Index score, and a poverty level of 53%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very wealthy in minerals, especially tin.The Bolivian population, estimated at 10 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The main language spoken is Spanish, although the Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages are also common, and all four, as well as 34 other indigenous languages, are official. The large number of different cultures within Bolivia has contributed greatly to a wide diversity in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music.


Soybeans originated in China. It wasn’t until the late 1800s and early 1900s that the Western Hemisphere started growing the crop. In the 1920s, soybeans were grown on approximately 1 million acres in the United States. Today, soybeans are the largest crop grown in Brazil, planted on more than 72 million acres, and the second-largest crop grown in the United States, planted on more than 70 million acres.
Soybeans are legumes. They are high in protein and oil, making it a very useful crop for feed for livestock and food for humans. In fact, every 60-pound bushel of soybeans produces 48 pounds of soybean protein meal and 11 pounds of soybean oil. The crop is also useful in replenishing the soil with nitrogen. These benefits swelled farmer adoption of the crop.
In 2012, the world consumed 181 million metric tons of soybeans as a source of protein. That’s the most ever, and up 100 percent since 1997. With current population trends and a growing middle class’s demand for more protein, the world will need more soybeans.
As crop adoption has grown, farmers, universities and seed companies have worked to improve the soybean plant’s ability to grow and adapt to various climates and conditions. Soybeans are grown in nearly every state in the United States and just about everywhere in South America, as a result of a focus on breeding programs.
With this as a backdrop, Monsanto is working on various projects that will aim to help farmers produce more soybeans by protecting the soybean’s production potential from weeds, bugs and diseases. Our soybean pipeline has projects that are designed to: provide herbicide tolerance in soybeans, which will enable farmers to control weeds in soybean fields; provide protection against bugs that eat the soybean plant; and deliver improved soybean oils. Monsanto sells both conventional and GM soybean seed to farmers.


As Saigon was falling to the North Vietnamese in April 1975, those who were caring for babies and children orphaned by the war worried about the fate of their charges. A series of evacuation flights called “Operation Babylift” carried several thousand young children to other countries around the world.
Skrypuch (Daughter of War, 2008) tells the story of the last Canadian airlift through the memories of one child, Son Thi Anh Tuyet. Nearly 8 years old, the sad-eyed girl on the cover had lived nearly all her life in a Catholic orphanage. With no warning, she and a number of the institution babies were taken away, placed on an airplane and flown to a new world. Tuyet’s memories provide poignant, specific details. The nuns expected her to be useful; she helped with the babies. Naturally, she assumed that John and Dorothy Morris had chosen her to help with their three children; instead, she had acquired a family. In an afterword, the author describes her research, including personal interviews and newspaper accounts from the time. But Tuyet’s experience is her focus. It personalizes the babylift without sensationalizing it. The author has researched carefully and reported accurately, except where South Vietnam’s soldiers are called Viet Cong.
Immediate and compelling, this moving refugee story deserves a wide audience. (historical note, resources, index) (Nonfiction. 10-15)


When teaching a phonics skill it s often helpful to use a key word and picture to help the students remember the sound to the letter combinations. A selection of words that can be rubbed off added to as part of a lesson introducing different ways of spelling the sound er in a whole class session.
It models sounding out and.
Er ir phonics. This is the ur digraph often called an r controlled vowel. 4 6 based on 15 votes.
Never fear for this ir ur er words worksheet is here to the rescue to help your child learn these to read and spell using these difficult to differentiate digraphs. Fun phonics song for kids. For the ir er ur phonics bundle my fabulous artist created bird themed borders and game boards and they turned out absolutely adorable.
And um er a er cloze sentence worksheets using er words and read cover write check and also quite a clever read draw worksheet. Best kids songs stories free download. Look out for bossy r fun phonics song for kids english song for children jack hartmann duration.
This phonics bundle contains 11 hands on activities for teaching. Jack hartmann kids music channel 696 752 views 2 56. Help your children learn how to pronounce the er level 6 phonetic sound with this fun educational video.
Nessy spelling strategy er ir ur words learn to read nessy. Ir ur er words worksheet ir ur er words worksheet. A colorful animated music video to learn how to pronounce the vowel digraphs.
Learn the sound made by er ir and ur. This is a fun vowel digraphs ur ir er phonics song for learners of english. This selection is er it s a worksheet with er er pictures on it to label using the er words in the box.
Phase 3 phonics ur digraph learn sounding out blending using this series of simply phonics videos.


Helping our Hoodies – Stage 3
Tuesday 3rd and Wednesday 4th November
The South Coast is home to many threatened shorebird species including the critically endangered Hooded Plovers. This program allows students to be immersed into the world of the shorebird through photographs, an interactive iBook and discussion about the life and habitat of these local birds. The students use this knowledge to create an animation using iStopMotion on iPad to share the message of how we need to save our shorebirds from extinction. The students learn how to use iStopMotion, then create a storyboard for their animation. Props and a backdrop are made and then the animation is filmed. The animation can then be shared back at school.
Program cost – $2 per student.


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|2023 Date||24 January 2023|
|2024 Date||24 January 2024|
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|Misc. & Int'l. Observancesℹ|
National Compliment Day History
National Compliment Day seeks to encourage and promote admiration and politeness. Compliments are comments or statements that boost another’s self-esteem or confidence. They can be big or small, what matters is intention. This day serves as a reminder to compliment the ones that teach, help, and inspire you on your daily routine. Compliments are easy to give and they have a tremendous impact on the one receiving them.
National Compliment Day was created in 1998 by New Ha Kathy Chamberlin and Debby Hoffman. It is observed annually on January 24th.
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