As of May 1, 2023, my version of the simulator has a total of 43,077 airports across 211 countries or territories, almost 7,000 of which have been modeled beyond their default scenery by the modification community or, in some instances, added if they weren’t included as default. There are around 55,000 airports around the world, including the very small airfields, so the sim has around 77% coverage. (As an aside, my version of Little Navmap has 4,893 VORs, 4,987 ILS approaches, 5,562 NDBs, 353,657 waypoints and 39,794 airspaces.) Continuing the stats, in the U.S. only about 550 airports are towered, while around 20,000 are non-towered. The states with the most towered airports are California (55), Florida (46) and Texas (44).
Almost all of my airports are freeware, but the in-sim marketplace has (as of February 16, 2023) 977 paid airports, with 122 more having been announced and another 93 in production that haven’t been announced.
The popular areas in Europe for modding have been England (around 350 at last count) and France (over 300). Germany, meanwhile, has around 260. Scandinavia as a whole has been worked on a lot: Norway has around 90 modified airports, while Denmark has around 50, and Sweden 80. Poland has almost 60. Greece has around 100, both on the mainland and on its islands, thanks to four megapacks from jackzyg. Mrbump has made several airstrips in Switzerland, at both low and high altitude. 44 European countries are currently represented in the sim. The six countries that have not yet seen the hand of modification are Andorra, Armenia, Liechtenstein, Monaco, North Macedonia and Vatican City. (Azerbaijan, Cyprus and Turkey are classed as being in Asia for the purposes of my collection.)
In the contiguous United States, the backcountries of Idaho, Washington State (both around 80) and Oregon (almost 60) have seen the most work. All 50 states have seen some modifications. Rhode Island was the final holdout for the longest time, but World Update 10 introduced Block Island (KBID).
Elsewhere in North America, Alaska has over 130 modified airports, while Canada has over 320 – largely around British Columbia and its islands.
In South America, Argentina has over 80. Brazil, meanwhile, has double that amount, mostly in the states in and around Rio de Janeiro. Ecuador has almost 200, due in no small part to fkarste’s 170-strip Amazonian megapack.
The Philippines has seen the most work in Asia, with around 70 airport mods, while the thirty or so airports that have been modified in Nepal (many via kychungdotcom’s two megapacks) have added to an already spectacular area. (44 of Asia’s 48 countries are represented, as it stands.)
Australia has over 400 modified airports, the majority in North South Wales, Queensland and Victoria. New Zealand has around 220, mostly thanks to three megapacks from phr34k86.
At a glance…
Below is a breakdown by region, firstly, then country. As a nod to the work they have done, I’ve mentioned the main provider(s) of the add-on content, if there is a recognisable amount from that individual.
Africa (45 countries):
|Sao Tome and Principe|
Central America (7 countries):
Contiguous United States (48 states, plus the federal district of Washington, D.C.):
|Oregon||Kronzky and phr34k86|
|Washington State||quelcertoleo, wookie042|
North America (10 countries):
|Alaska||Photosbykev, Brian Smith, Julysfire, jpfil and SJFLY2|
|Canada||CptMoustache, Ciprian Nistor and PropellerBC|
|North Pacific Territories|
|Northern Mariana Islands|
South America (14 countries):
|Brazil||CmtePena, GPEREIRA and Tchockozzo|
|South Georgia Islands|
Asia (45 countries):
|British Indian Ocean Territory|
|Indonesia||capungflightTV, kychungdotcom and whywonder54|
|Nepal||kychungdotcom, Sergio Del Rosso|
|North Korea (People’s Republic)|
|South Korea (Republic of Korea)||Mr_BOB|
|United Arab Emirates|
Caribbean (21 countries):
|Antigua and Barbuda|
|Saint Kitts and Nevis|
|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|
|Trinidad & Tobago|
|Turks and Caicos Islands|
Europe (46 countries; constituent U.K. countries itemized):
|Austria||littlekrg and troglodytus|
|Belgium||Jan Cuypers and kayjaybe|
|Bosnia and Herzegovina|
|England||Neil Birch, Gobby, SAC Designs and superspud|
|Finland||kuriiridesign and WildLynxPilot|
|Iceland||Marteinn S. Sigurdsson|
|Norway||Frank Kristiansen, Henning Jakobsen and Per|
|Poland||Chris Maver (Marcin Rysiak)|
|Republic of Ireland|
|Scotland||SAC Designs, superspud, Neil Birch and Ryan Langridge|
|Serbia & Montenegro|
|Slovenia||Flying Partners Slovakia|
Oceania (21 countries):
|Australia||bindook, Jordan James, sltcreations|
|French Polynesia||kychungdotcom, sileo|
|New Guinea||Milosanx and TBM940|
|New Zealand||phr34k86 and str1kestudioz|
|Wallis and Futuna|
In addition, over twenty Antarctic airports have been modeled, mostly the work of kychungdotcom. latitude24 has modified McMurdo Station too.
Many of the above airstrips are clustered together. In the U.S., for example, there are groupings of modified airports around both urban centers and way out in the rural wilderness. Starting in the east, Michigan’s offerings are located between Detroit in the east and Grand Rapids in the west.
In Colorado, nineteen Ranchers Club strips have been enhanced. They are Redlands, Hubbard, Aspen, Mesa, Crystal Lakes, Williams Ranch, Gypsum Creek Ranch, Meyer Ranch, Glenwood Spring, Chapman Field, Crested Butte Airpark, Lake Creek Soaringport, Dodsworth, Wilson Ranch, Monte Madeira, Phylcon, Melby Ranch, Golden Field and Greenhorn Valley. There is also the fictional Rocky Mountain.
Southwest in Arizona, JustOkayPilot’s megapack added 25 handcrafted amendments all around the Phoenix area. He has also modified Cottonwood, Flagstaff Pulliam and Grand Canyon National Park. Bullfrogsim, meanwhile, has worked on Tucson.
Up north to Idaho, a megapack by phr34k86 has brought sixteen strips to life both here and in Oregon. They are Cache Creek, Dewey Moore, Dixie Town, Dovel, Marble Creek, Mile Hi, North Star Ranch, Pittsburg, Salmon Bar, Selway Lodge, Seminole Ranch, Shepp Ranch, Simonds, Soldier Bar, Wapshilla and Whitewater Ranch.
Next door, in Washington State, a pack by wookie042 has enhanced the San Juan Island airports. Included at last check were Allan Island, Blakely Island, Burden Field, Center Island, Clam Harbor, Crane Island, Crow Valley, Cypress Island, Decatur Jones, Decatur Shores, Deer Harbor, Eliza Island, Friday West, John’s Island, Miller’s Field, San Juan Island, San Juan Valley, Shaw Island, Sinclair Island, Sinclair’s Secret, Spieden Island, Stuart Island West, Waldron Island, Wilding Farm and Windsock.
Staying in North America, Anchorage, Alaska, has been worked on mostly around the islands in the vicinity of the capital, but there are also a few around Talkeetna. Photosbykev has made a compilation of several seaplane bases on and around Kodiak Island. Canada’s efforts are clustered in British Columbia, for the most part, while there are fifteen or so on the north coast of Quebec.
Down in Central America, kychungdotcom has added ten strips around Panama, including Tocumen International.
In South America, fkarste had made a megapack of 170 airstrips in the Ecuadorian rain forest, while Tchockozzo has put together a pack of 140 Brazilian bush strips.
Over in mainland Europe, Chamonix, France, has five along the border with Italy.
In Zurich, Switzerland, to the east of the city are Speck, Hegmatten (both in Winterthur), Lommis, Amlikon and Sitterdorf (Thurgau), to the south are Hasenstrick and Hausen am Albis, and to the west are Buttwil, Birrfeld and Fricktal-Schupfart (Aargau).
Around Prague, Czech Republic, are Bubovice, Rakovnik, Sazena, Panensky Tynec, Kolin and Benesov, in the immediate area, with several others out towards the borders.
In Athens, Greece, starting near the capital, there are Kotroni, Thiva and Megara, but there are also a handful to both the west and north. There is also at least one modified airport on most of the islands in the Aegean and Ionian Seas.
In Kazakhstan, Turgay Airport (UAUT) is about 140 nm southwest of Arkalyk North Airport (UAUR).
In Warsaw, Poland, clockwise from the north, there is Chrcynno, Goraszka, Konstancin, Karczew, Sobienie Szlacheckie and Modlin.
Kuriiridesign added more detail to eleven airports in Finland: Ainola, Enontekio, Helsinki, Kauhava, Kokkola-Pietarsaari, Kuusamo, Kittila, Rovaniemi, Seinajoki, Pirkkala and Vaasa. WildLynxPilot has done a similar amount, mostly in the southern part of the country.
In Iceland, Marteinn S. Sigurdsson has made megapack of one hundred airstrips, which is definitely the most mods per square mile of land area (~40,000 sq mi).
Finally in Europe, Norway’s airports and airstrips has been enhanced mostly thanks to the work of Kjetil Haavan. Frank Kristiansen has also added around fifteen others.
In Asia, kychungdotcom has made a couple of megapacks that bring to life airstrips in Nepal. They are Bajhang, Baitadi, Bharatpur, Chandragadhi, Dhangadhi, Doti, Falgunanda, Kalikot, Khiji Chandeshwori, Lamidanda, Mahendranagar, Masinechaur, Phaplu, Resunga, Rumjatar, Sanphebagar, Taplejung and Thamkharka. He has done the same in Indonesia.
Moving east, New Guinea has a multitude of strips in the Central Range, thanks to Kronzky, the creator of many Idaho and Oregon strips. TBM940 has added or modified twelve airstrips: WAJC, WADC, WAOG, WAVG, WAVC, WANM, WADJ, WABJ, WACY, WAOA, WACF and WACV.
As mentioned above, Jordan James has built 25 airports, from scratch, around the Australian state of Victoria. They are Apollo, Ararat, Bridgewater, Ballarat, Bacchus Marsh, Cobden, Coldstream, Drouin, Echuca, Kyabram, Lethbridge, Leongatha, Lilydale, Latrobe Valley, Moorabbin, Mangalore, Colac, Peterborough, Shepparton, Warrnambool, King Lake, Yeaburn, Taggerty, Merton and Mansfield. He also added four private strips around the Mornington Peninsula in Melbourne’s south east. They are Moorooduc, Somerville, Cowes and Koo Wee Rup.
User phr34k86 added scenery for around 70 airports on New Zealand’s North Island and 50 on its South Island.
Not resting on his laurels, kychungdotcom has made a megapack of twenty airstrips in French Polynesia.
Out of the way…
At the other extreme are the remote departures or destinations, with no other airports (with facilities, at least) for 100 miles or more. The first selections are all found on islands.
Starting in Alaska, Casco Cove Coast Guard Station (PAAT) is 400 nautical miles from Russian landfall to the west and just under 900 nm back east to the Alaskan mainland. The island on which it is located, Attu Island, part of the Aleutian Islands, is the westernmost point of Alaska and became uninhabited in 2010.
Moving well to the south, into the North Pacific Ocean, Henderson Field (PMDY), on Sand Island in Midway Atoll, is 1,150 nm from the Hawaiian islands. The airfield operated until 1993 as Naval Air Facility Midway. From November to June, when albatrosses are present, departures and arrivals are limited to nights.
To the west, off Japan is Minami Torishima (RJAM), which is just under 1,000 nm from Tokyo. It was built in 1935 by the Imperial Japanese Navy to serve meteorological station. It is now used by the Japan Meteorological Agency. A little closer to the Chinese mainland is Central Field (Iwo Jima; RJAW). It is used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces.
Wake Island Airfield (PWAK), a military airport, is 750 nm southeast of RJAM.
Further south in the Philippine Sea, in the Northern Mariana Islands, are Saipan International (PGSN) and Tinian International (PGWT). Rota Island’s sole offering is Benjamin Taisacan Manglona International (PGRO).
On Guam, meanwhile, is Andersen Air Force Base (PGUA) and Antonio B. Won Pat International (PGUM).
In the South Pacific, amongst a handful of basic Leeward Islands airports, is the handcrafted Maupiti Airport (NTTP) with an intriguing supported northeastern corner of the runway to keep it out of the ocean.
To the south, on Mutuaura, is Rimatara Airport (NTAM) and, on Raivavae, its eponymous strip (NTAV).
East of Australia, on Vanuatu, is Bauerfield International (NVVV). It serves as the hub for Vanuatu’s flag carrier airline, Air Vanuatu.
In the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea is Taiping Island Airport (RCSP). It lies over 300 nm east of the Vietnamese coast.
The Seychelles are just under 100 nm east of the Kenyan coast. At the time of writing, ten airports have been modeled.
300 miles off Morocco is Cristiano Ronaldo International (LPMA). Just to the northeast is Porto Santo Airport (LPPS).
Off Senegal, in the Cape Verde islands, are several airports, including Amílcar Cabral International (GVAC) and Nelson Mandela International (GVNP).
Slap dab between Brazil and South Africa is RAF Ascension Island (FHAW). 700 nm to its southeast is Saint Helena (FHSH).
900 nm north of Antarctica and 2,000 nm from the Western Australian coast is Heard Island (YHIS).
2,000 nm east of Heard Island is Hmas Fury (HMAS).
800 nm west of Russia is Nagurskoye Air Base (UODN).
250 nm west of Greenland but part of Norway, on the volcanic island of Jan Mayen, is the aptly named Jan Mayensfield aerodrome (ENJA).
The obvious outposts possess some of the most remote airports. (Not all of those mentioned below are add-ons; some are stock offerings by Asobo.)
Starting in Greenland, Nerlerit Inaat (BGCO) is 450 nm from any of the nation’s other airports. That airport is Kulusuk (BGKK), itself 340 nm from its nearest neighbour, Kangerlussuaq (BGSF). Akureyri (BIAR), in Iceland, is just over 300 nm to the south.
In Quebec, Canada, Cape Dorset Airport (CYTE) is over 200 nm west of Iqaluit (CYFB). Salluit (CYZG) and Ivujivik (CYIK) are slightly closer, but across the Hudson Strait. In Saskatchewan, Pelican Narrows Water Aerodrome (CKE4) is about equidistant (at around 230 nm) from Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker International (CYXE) and, in Manitoba, Little Churchill River (CJN7). Up in the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife Airport (CYZF), on Great Slave Lake, is 250 nm east of Wrigley Airport (CYWY). Wrigley, meanwhile, is 240 nm northeast of Watson Lake (CYQH) in the Yukon.
Also in Yukon is Old Crow Airport (CYOC), about 220 nm north of both Dawson City Airport (CYDA) and, across the border in Alaska, Chicken Airport (CKX).
In Russia, Tura Mountain Airport (UNIT) is just under 300 nm west of Aykhal Airport (UERA). Tiksi Aerodrome (UEST) is 230 nm north of Sakkyryr (UEBS). Zhigansk (UEVV), on the banks of the Lena River, is about 180 nm from Sakkyryr. Bovanenkov (USDB) is just over 200 nm from Vorkuta Sovetskiy Air Base (USOE). Varandey Airport (ULDW) is 130 nm northeast of Naryan-Mar (ULAM). Zyryanka Airport (UESU) and Moma Airport (UEMA) are the closest airports to each other, at 180 nm. Markovo Airport (UHMO) is 140 nm south of Pevek (UPEK). After Markovo, UPEK’s nearest neighbour is Chersky (UESS), 220 nm to the northwest. Continuing the game, Chersky’s closest airport is another one named Pevek (UHMP), 205 nm to the northeast. Mys Shmidta Airport (UHMI) is 220 nm along the coast from Pevek. Bodaybo Airport (UIKB) is 150 nm northwest of Chara Airport (UIAR). Other than Bodaybo, Chara’s nearest neighbours are both 240 nm away, to the northeast and southeast. One of them, Aldan Airport (UEEA), is 180 nm from Olyokminsk Airport (UEMO). Amga Airport (UAMG) is 160 nm northwest of Ayan Airport (UHNX). Okhotsk Airport (UHOO) is roughly 170 nm up the coast from another airport named Tukchi (UHOI).
In Algeria, Aguenar Airport (DAAT) is just over 200 nm south of I-N-Salah Airport (DAIA).
In Niger, Dirkou Airport (DRZD) is roughly 190 nm north of Nguigmi Airport (DRNG).
Sharq El Owainat Airport (HEOW), in Egypt, is 160 nm west of Abu Simbel (HEBL).
In China, Qiemo Airport (ZWCM) is 210 nm south of Korla Airport (ZWKL). Xilinhot Airport (ZBXH), in Inner Mongolia, is about 160 nm from three airports. Holingol Huolinhe Airport (ZBHZ) is around 120 nm southwest of Ulanhot Airport (ZBUL).
Four airports in the world are 14,000 feet or more above mean sea level. All in China, they are Daocheng Yading (ZUDC; 14,472), Qamdo Bamda (ZUBD; 14,219), Kangding (ZUKD; 14,042) and Ngari Gunsa (ZUAL; 14,022).
Bar Yehuda Airfield (LLMZ) in Israel is 1,266 feet below mean sea level.
Shigatse Peace Airport (ZURK) in China has a paved runway 16,404 feet in length. There are currently four other airports in the world with paved runways over 16,000 feet. The longest in the U.S. is at Denver International (KDEN).
Simko Field Airport (1ID9) in Idaho, U.S., has a runway 400 feet in length.


From the formation of the Himalayas to the shifting of oceanic trenches, subduction erosion and arc migration have profoundly impacted the Earth's surface and its inhabitants. These powerful geological processes reshape the planet, creating dramatic changes in the environment, climate, and species distributions. They directly and indirectly influence human populations. This essay will explore how subduction erosion and arc migration dramatically change the Earth's geology, reshaping the planet's surface and profoundly impacting the environment in both the short and long term. I will discuss their direct and indirect impacts on climate, species distributions, and human societies, outlining the implications of these changes for the future.
Defining the Forces
Subduction erosion is a powerful geological process with significant impacts on the Earth's surface. When one tectonic plate slides underneath another, the upper plate is scraped and eroded by the motion. This can cause dramatic geological changes, like mountain range formation and deep ocean trench creation. Furthermore, subduction erosion can trigger large-scale magma release, leading to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. It also displaces massive amounts of sediment, profoundly affecting the local environment. Alongside arc migration (the shifting of tectonic plates), these processes have created dramatic changes in Earth's geology and reshaped the environment.
Examples and Impacts
Subduction erosion and arc migration have created vast changes in Earth's geology, reshaping the surface of the planet and profoundly impacting the environment in both the short and long term. For example, the Himalayas were formed as a result of subduction erosion, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is a direct result of arc migration. These processes have had a lasting impact on the Earth's surface, and continue to shape the planet today.
Arc Migration's Role
Building on the process of subduction erosion, arc migration is another geological process that has drastically changed the Earth's surface. This refers to the shifting of a volcanic arc from one subduction zone to another, altering the Earth's landscape. Driven by tectonic plate movement, the arc can move hundreds of kilometers over millions of years. This causes dramatic surface changes, like the formation of mountains, valleys, and other geological features. It also impacts the Earth's climate, as shifting arcs can alter ocean currents and weather patterns. The movement of the volcanic arc in the Pacific Northwest, for example, has caused the formation of the Cascade Mountains, while the movement of the arc in the Mediterranean has caused the formation of the Alps.
Subduction erosion and arc migration have dramatically reshaped the Earth's geology and profoundly impacted the environment. Through these processes, mountain ranges like the Himalayas form as oceanic plates are pushed beneath continental plates. Oceanic trenches are also created; the Mariana Trench, the world's deepest, formed by the Pacific plate subducting beneath the Philippine plate. These forces have significantly impacted the Earth's geology, creating new landforms and altering existing ones.
Subduction erosion and arc migration significantly impact the Earth's climate, causing rapid changes in temperature, precipitation, and ocean currents. The uplift of the Himalayas, for example, decreased regional temperatures, while oceanic trench formation increased precipitation. Tectonic plate movement alters ocean currents, which significantly impacts global temperatures. These climate changes profoundly influence the environment. Rising temperatures trigger glacial melting and subsequent sea level rise, leading to coastal flooding and displacement. Changing ocean currents can intensify extreme weather events like hurricanes and typhoons.
Species Distribution & Seismic Activity
In addition to climate change, subduction erosion and arc migration profoundly affect the planet's species distributions and seismic activity. Studies show that tectonic plate shifts due to these processes force species to migrate to new habitats, leading to global species redistribution. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions increase in frequency and intensity due to tectonic plate movement, causing significant changes to the Earth's surface. The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, for example, caused by the Juan de Fuca plate subducting beneath the North American plate, destroyed over 200 square miles of forest and displaced countless species. These events demonstrate the immense power of subduction erosion and arc migration and their ability to reshape the Earth's surface and profoundly impact the environment.
Subduction erosion and arc migration also significantly impact human populations, both directly and indirectly. The formation of the Himalayan mountains due to these processes directly affects those living in the region. It alters water resources, agricultural productivity, and population migrations. Increased seismic activity leads to more earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which can have devastating consequences for local populations.
In conclusion, subduction erosion and arc migration have a profound impact on Earth's geology and environment. These powerful geological processes cause dramatic changes in Earth's climate, leading to rapid changes in temperature, precipitation, and ocean currents. They have also created mountain ranges and oceanic trenches. These changes have a direct and indirect effect on human populations, influencing water resources, agricultural productivity, and population migrations. Studying Earth's geology, including subduction erosion and arc migration, is essential for understanding the past, predicting the future, and recognizing the immense power of the forces shaping our planet.


₹140.00 Per Kg
Benaras, the land of ghats, temples, sadhus and silk, is where every stone has a special story to tell In April 2023, the Economic Times stated, “In Uttar Pradesh, a total of 45 products are slated to possess the coveted GI tag, out of which 22 are from the Varanasi region alone”. Jeera Battis, is one such prized grain from Varanasi.
Jeera Battis is the preferred everyday rice for its mild aroma, soft and delicate flavors. This small grain is easy to cook making it a preferred variety for seasonal curries, tehri, daal and pulav. Some locals prefer the mild subtle aroma of Jeera Battis over Basmati calling it the ‘Queen of Rice”.
Earlier, Jeera Battis was grown all across Benaras and Chandauli district, popularly known as the Dhaan Ka Katora of Uttar Pradesh for their cultivation of non-Basmati grains, but disappeared with time and rapid increase of cultivation of high yielding varieties. Today, this lost grain from Benaras is revived and conserved at our farm in Manjakkudi, Tamil Nadu
Soak the Jeera Battis Raw polished rice for 10 mts before cooking. Cook it in the ratio of 1:2.5 (For 1 cup rice, add 2.5 cups water). Please adjust the water ratio according to your preference.


Bobby Wallace (center) and Fred Short (center right) at Barona. “This is everyone’s Lakeside."
Bobby “Walking Stick” Wallace, national chief of the Longest Walk with the Barona Band of Mission Indians, announced few days ago that his tribe is stepping in to join locals against a sand mining project in El Monte Valley, Lakeside. The Viejas Band is joining, along with other bands from afar that will pack the room this evening (September 25) at 5:30 p.m. when the county will held a public meeting to discuss the plan to dig on almost 500 acres of land..
El Monte Valley. “It’s only about the Mother Earth."
The valley is a sacred Kumeyaay land; a place where the indigenous tribes have buried their ancestors and left behind archeological and historical artifacts. They were removed before the El Capitan Dam and Reservoir Lake was built in 1935. The tribe split in two and was relocated in Barona and Viejas and had to start over on a bare land. The people of the Hokan stock lived in these areas for over 10,000 years before Europeans came.
Kumeyaay tribe member Bobby Wallace said, “It’s only about the Mother Earth. We must all stand strong on these types of issues, as one.” Wallace braved rubber bullets at the Standing Rock and states, “This is everyone’s Lakeside. We all need to pull together.”
The project is linked to accusations of conflict of interest involving County Supervisor Dianne Jacob, the chairman of the San Diego County Planning Commission Michael Beck, executive director of the Lakeside River Park Conservancy Robin Rierdan, and Bill Adams, president of the sand mining company renamed as El Monte Nature Preserve.
The sand mining company applied for permit with the county after digging in the valley under the cover of a golf course company. Next steps will be for the public to comment on the subsequent Environmental Impact Report just published by the county before the deadline on October 29. Then it would go back to the county for revision and from there would come to the Lakeside Planning Committee for discussions, but this entity only has an advisory role. San Diego Planning Commission would then take a vote on it, led by chairman Beck, appointed by Supervisor Jacob. Beck was a partner with the sand mining company for almost two decades. He was recently hired for the aftermath restoration. The county supervisors will have the final vote.


This implies that the lava is blocky, or flowing down the edges of the volcano, or someplace in between. As on other glaciated Ecuadorian mountains, Chimborazo’s glacial ice is mined by locals (the so-referred to as Hieleros from Spanish Hielo for Ice) to be sold in the markets of Guaranda and Riobamba.
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Then climbers go to the Veintemilla summit. Veintemilla summit is commonly the turnaround point for climbers. There is a 30-minute snow-crammed basin between Veintemilla summit and Whymper summit.
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Climbing Chimborazo is dangerous due to the risk of avalanches, the extreme weather circumstances, and the fact that it is covered in glaciers. Climbing begins at night time in order to reach the summit earlier than dawn when the snow melts, which will increase the possibility of avalanche and rockfall. Talking to a Mexican woman is like talking to the most intelligent person in your life. These women might not have an costly university education or vast libraries, but they are naturally wise and at all times know the proper factor to say in any conversation. You can easily get acquainted while having a vacation in this nation. Local folks including women are very pleasant.
Are Mexican Women Really Faithful?
In earlier days, the individuals transported ice for cooling uses right down to coastal towns similar to Babahoyo or Vinces. It’s a widely known fact that Mexican women are incredibly passionate, emotional, and sexually energetic.
In local indigenous mysticism, Chimborazo represents Taita whereas neighbouring Tungurahua is seen as Mama, hence Taita Chimborazo and Mama Tungurahua. In August 1976, SAETA Flight 232 carrying 55 passengers and 4 crew members aboard a Vickers Viscount from Quito to Cuenca disappeared en route. However, by height above sea stage, Chimborazo isn’t the best peak of the Andes. Under clear circumstances, the summit of Chimborazo may be seen from the coastal metropolis Guayaquil, nearly 140 km away. The nearest cities are Riobamba (~30 km to the southeast), Ambato (~30 km to the northeast) and Guaranda (~25 km to the southwest). Chimborazo is surrounded by the Reserva de Produccion Faunistica Chimborazo, which varieties a protected ecosystem to preserve the habitat for the Andes native camelids of vicuña, llama and alpaca.
The most practical and effective way to look for a Mexican bride is to make use of specialised Latina relationship websites. The women you meet there aren’t solely good-wanting, tender, and full of affection, but they’re also open to the thought of getting married to a foreigner. Mexico is among the high vacationer locations in South America and might supply every kind of memorable holidays you possibly can consider. However, you might be impossible to satisfy your future Mexican spouse if you end up on vacation — there are too many stunning women for you to concentrate on one, and even they are often already taken.
This instantly affects the lands of the Kichwa peoples, which incorporates more than 73 Indigenous settlements and 43 peasant communities. Block 28 covers an area of one hundred seventy five,250 hectares, ninety seven% of which is located in Pastaza province, and accommodates estimated oil reserves of million barrels. Expected costs are $25-30m for exploration, and $375m for exploitation.
Like Everest, Chimborazo can also be known for climbing; its climb demands talent and is often on black ice, so crampons and other excessive-tech climbing tools are required. Chimborazo’s summit can also be the farthest level on the Earth’s floor from the Earth’s middle ecuador brides provided that it is situated along the planet’s equatorial bulge. Chimborazo’s summit, nevertheless, isn’t larger than the summit of Mount Everest, as elevation is measured from sea stage. For the Ecuadorian province, see Chimborazo Province.


Close to Bath, straddling the Kennet and Avon Canal, is the historic and picture-perfect town of Bradford-on-Avon. In Bath itself, the canal makes a popular spot for weekend sightseeing by water. Pick up a paddleboard from The Wiltshire Outdoor Learning Team or kayak upstream in Bradford and explore at your own pace, making sure to include a pit stop at a canal-side pub or two, such as the 16th-century Cross Guns or the pretty Canal Tavern.
Address: Cross Guns, 159-160 Avoncliff, Bradford-on-Avon Wiltshire BA15 2HB
Telephone: +44 1225 862335
Address: The Canal Tavern, 49 Frome Road, Bradford-on-Avon, BA15 ILE
Telephone: +44 1225 866100


|Space||600 sq. ft.|
Kauai License# TVR-1065
Tucked away on over an acre of lush paradise along the Wainiha Stream in an ancient grove of 100 ft. tall mango trees lies the Hale Wainiha (Wainiha Cottage). Offering privacy, rest and refreshment, this charming home sits on a bluff overlooking an expansive view of the entire river valley with neighboring taro farm and spectacular vistas of distant mountains. Relax and enjoy the amazing views from the deck or from your private pool and hot tub. Starry nights in the hot tub are truly magical. And the pool is cool and refreshing after a hot day at the beach. Or the perfect morning wake up. The large yard is like a botanical garden filled with exotic birds and flowers and fruit trees. Pick a Papaya or a Banana, cut some giant Heliconia flowers. The property meanders down to over 200' of private stream, feel free to take a refreshing dip. The sounds of the river and the croaking frogs will lull you to sleep. This lush valley is a serene retreat, nourishing the soul with natures greatest beauty while offering all the modern comforts of home, you almost won't want to leave the property. But when you do, it is ridiculously close to the best beaches on the island, Tunnels, Lumahai, Ke'e and Hanalei. Firstly, Lumaha'i, just 1 mile away, with its long deep stretches of soft sand broken by picturesque protrusions of lava rocks creating dramatic ocean breaks. Tunnels Beach has an amazing reef and offers the best snorkeling on the island, also surfing and the mountain backdrop creates amazing views. At the end of the road is the dramatic Ke'e beach. Besides its great snorkeling, and sunsets, this is the gateway to the amazing Napali Coast offering one of the worlds most spectacular hikes. The 2 mile hike to Hanakapia'i Beach with it's expansive ocean vistas is a 'must do', but if you can do the additional 2 miles to the Hanakapia'i Falls you're in for the treat of a lifetime. A large pool fed by a 300' waterfall, just spectacular!! Wainiha is surrounded by the best snorkeling, surfing, kayaking and hiking on all of the Hawaiian islands. You'll never have to leave this magical corner of the island.
Just 4 miles away is Hanalei Bay with its pristine 3 mile crescent beach of fine sand and perfect surf. The quaint town of Hanalei offers interesting shops, a market, and world class dining. My personal favorites are 'Tahiti Nui' (live music, good Mai Tais) and the 'Dolphin' (freshest sushi you've ever eaten). You can rent kayaks and paddle up the Hanalei river or out to the bay, paddle to Hideaways beach and snorkel, or just land at the St. Regis beach and have lunch at the poolside cafe, (sneak a dip in their beautiful pool). Also you can go Horseback Riding or Ziplining at the Princeville Ranch, or take the amazing Helicoptor ride from the Princeville Heliport. Or do it my way, just take a book and relax on a quiet beach. You'll have your private paradise waiting for your every day when you're ready to go home.
Aloha from Makua Beach (Tunnels) on the beautiful North Shore of Kauai. I am an architect based in Los Angeles. I have designed many high end resorts and casinos. I come to Kauai for inspiration and rejuvenation. I am happy to share my piece of paradise with others who appreciate beauty and the magic of nature's gifts.
Jeffrey Schneider purchased this house in 2006
I am a well traveled person and the Wainiha River Valley is the absolutely the most beautiful spot I've ever seen, About 20 years ago I fell in love with the north shore of Kauai and I decided to make it a permanent part of my life. I was incentivized to work hard so I could buy a piece of paradise, which I did in 2006. I love it here like no other place in the world and I'm happy to share this magical paradise with other beach lovers and "beauty of nature" enthusiasts!
This has been absolutely the best trip ever!! We love Kauai! We spent a week on Oahu before coming here and found it too commercial. Tunnels has been our favorite beach so far (inclufdign the caribbean)! The fish and reef there is amazing. My husband squeezed himself into a scuba session with Kauai down under Scuba. We also did the Kalalau trail and spent 2 nights on Kalalau. what a rewarding sight after the grueling 11 mile hike, When we got back we went straight to Hanalei Day Spa for a nice lomi lomi massage (awesome!). Our favorite restaurant in Hanalei was the Dolphin. their fish is really fresh. the waitress even took us for a tour of their fish locker. for cheaper eats we went to Bubba's Burgers and Hanalei Pizza ( the wild pig is the best pizza I've ever had). A great trip, great fun, awesome place and the perfect way to spend our 5 year anniversary. we can't wait to come back and try out the things we missed and to do a few things over.
Learn more about this vacation rental at the manager's website:
My husband & I had the opportunity to rent this gorgeous cottage during the first 2 weeks of April 2016.
Words & pictures cannot describe the beauty of the surroundings. If you love the jungle, this is the place for you.
We spent every morning in the hot tub watching the sun rise up over the mountain. After the rain, and it does
rain quite often in the area, it was a delight to see all the waterfalls. For anyone looking for peace & quiet, and
total privacy, you can't beat this cottage. There are neighbours nearby, but with all the lush foliage you don't see them.
Koko & Zhenya, the property managers that live close by, give you total privacy. They are there to answer any questions
or concerns, and it was a delight getting fresh fruit from them too. We also fell in love with the grey cat that liked to come visit.
The cottage itself is clean & has everything you need. I personally loved the shower with the windows looking at the view!
The location of the cottage couldn't have been any better. It was near all the beaches, trails, and our favourite town of Hanalei.
Jeffery really went out of his way to describe all the places to check out such as restaurants, beaches, trails, etc.
It was a real honour to be able to stay here, we hope to return again one day. Mahalo!
Very nice private place with beautiful grounds. Very comfortable for two people. Pool and hot tub was refreshing! Loved it and hope to see it again!
This was our favorite lodging during our two-week vacation in Hawaii. The grounds and surrounding mountains are gorgeous, lush and colorful. The cottage itself is simple but quite comfortable. We spent more time there than we had anticipated; it was so lovely that we couldn't think of anyplace else we would rather spend our evenings. We had the place for only four nights but would have stayed longer if we could.
Loved the hot tub, but didn't try the pool because it was a little chilly for swimming. We were happy to be able to use extras such as beach chairs, washer and dryer, beach towels, insect repellent. It made it easier to pack lightly.
Though there are neighbors fairly nearby, you cannot see them at all from the cottage. It feels like you are in the middle of nowhere. A young couple living nearby serve as unobtrusive caretakers.
Jeffrey was very easy to work with, a good communicator. Our security deposit was refunded quickly, with no prompting from us.
We can recommend the nearest restaurant, a takeout place called SushiGirl. Jeffrey provided several other food recommendations and also extensive information about the local beaches, scenic drives, etc.
Tip: bring a smallish vehicle, as the local roads and the driveway are rather narrow. We were stuck by our car rental company with a behemoth Armada, and it was challenging to park it, turn it around, etc.
Love this beautiful, serene cottage. The place is close to everything, hiking, idyllic beaches, kayaking, the cute town of Hanalei. We especially enjoyed the jacuzzi at night, some of the best stargazing. The gardens are the cottage are truly amazing. We didn't want to leave. Definitely will be coming back
If you are looking to experience Hawaii in its RAW beauty, this is the place for you!
My husband and I stayed two short nights here and didn’t want to leave! We wanted stay off the beaten path where the natives live, and Jeff’s cabin checked all the right boxes. It’s rural and private, yet Hanalei town is just a short drive down the road. The Napali trail head and beautiful beaches and caves are minutes away.
Our new definition of true PARADISE is this little cabin in the jungle. The cabin was clean, uncluttered and well stocked with pots, pans, linens, and pay if forward items left by previous guests.
My only call out would be to take care when entering the driveway to the property. There was some washout spots from recent rains and we bottomed out the first time we drove down it. There are plenty of parking spots across the road at the top of the driveway if you are uncomfortable maneuvering it will smaller vehicles. But to be honest, I’d park down the street and schlep my luggage behind me as long as I could stay at this house again. The view alone brought me to tears. BREATHTAKING!!! Every time I stepped out on the back deck, I was reminded just how lucky we were to have found this little piece of heaven.
Were there mosquitoes? Yep! Lots of them. But you are in the jungle where it rains often to keep everything so lush and green. In the summertime, we have mosquitos at home too, so combating them was no different than being at home. Use your repellant and citronellas faithfully and you will be no worse off than when sitting in your own back yard during the summer months. The only difference is, you will have a spectacular mountain and gorgeous foliage to stimulate your senses, and you will have a wonderful dipping pool and hot tub to relax in. It doesn’t get much better than this!
There is a friendly neighborhood cat and lots of cute little lizards scurrying around the grounds. Neither bothered us at all. They just added to the experience.
Jeff was gracious enough to allow my husband and I to renew our wedding vows on his property on our 30th wedding anniversary. It was just the two of us and the officiant, standing on the bluff in the backyard with the mountains and foliage all around us. I cannot tell you how intimate and special it was for us!!
Thank you Jeff! We WILL be back!
Mahalo nui iā ʻoe.
I could make a thousand travel mistakes and I still come out ahead after booking this cottage.
Breathtaking, magical, heavenly...all words to describe the views from the the back windows. If I could have one complaint it's that because it was so east to 'play house' (do laundry, clean, cook, grill, read, etc.) you feel like it's real life, and you happily forget that this isn't your cottage and you'll have to eventually go home and give up the keys.
I would certainly book this again, no question. We had an amazing time, almost never wanted to leave the property to go to the beach, visit the canyon, hike, etc. A few items to note:
-It's a steep driveway, so rent a car you feel comfortable driving up/down
-Bring a pen so you can sign the guestbook
-Book at least one extra day so you can play house around the cottage
Other Activities: hiking the famous Napali Coast
|Rate Period||Nightly||Weekend Night||Weekly||Monthly *||Event|
My Standard Rate
1 night minimum stay
|Refundable damage deposit||$150|
* Approximate monthly rate. Actual rate will depend on the days of the month you stay.


The thing about living in the suburbs is that most of the scenery is really boring. Subdivision upon subdivision, big box stores, semi-industrial complexes, malls. It’s even worse now in this stage of post-ice-storm, partly melted and refrozen January bleakness. No funky or architectural urban landscapes. No mountain or ocean views.
But one morning this week I took the dog to walk down by the lake not far from the school. Isn’t it fascinating how the sun…flared for a minute behind a stormy cloud and reflected on steely water…suddenly changes a bleak and frozen scene into a photo worthy image? Right on the edge of suburbia.
Do you have that place nearby where a moment of sun, cloud and water can change everything?


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In general the rain did not create us any problems.
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The Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois (CFL) train network is generally a good way to move across the country. Luxembourg city is the main railway hub, from where lines radiate out in all directions. While the south is reasonably well covered, the north is limited to one main line which runs from Luxembourg City to Liège in Belgium via Mersch, Ettelbruck, Clervaux and Troisvierges. Diekirch has a branch line from Ettelbruck, and Wiltz from Kautenbach. To the south, you can reach Bettembourg and Esch-sur-Alzette. To the east, there is a line to Trier in Germany, which crosses over the Moselle River at Wasserbillig.
Trains in Luxembourg are comfortable and modern, and generally run perfectly on-time.
The country is served by countless bus services, reaching every little village in the country. Most services run at least every hour throughout the week, with higher frequencies during weekdays and reduced operation on Saturdays and Sundays.
Buses numbered 1-31 serve the City of Luxembourg, with the most useful when arriving in the country being line 16 (Airport – Kirchberg – City Centre – Train Station – Howald) and 29 (Airport – City Centre – Train Station – Howald). Almost all city buses stop at the central bus station, Hamilius, and the train station (Luxembourg Gare) in their routes at some point, resulting in very high-frequent connections between these places (once every 1 or 2 minutes).
The bus service out of town is also extensive and reliable. Buses numbered 100 upwards will take you out of the city. For destinations in the north of the country, one usually first needs to take a train to Mersch, Ettelbruck, Wiltz, or Clervaux, and change there to a bus to the final destination. Other destinations usually have a direct bus from the capital.
Buses are modern and clean, and you can board at any door if you already have a ticket (except for TICE buses which run Esch-sur-Alzette, where you must enter at the driver). Screens and announcements on-board advise of the next stop on most bus services. It is important to hail the bus you wish to catch by raising your hand towards the road as it arrives.
Luxembourg’s road infrastructure is well-developed. Anywhere that happens to lie along the major motorways is easily accessible via these (including Grevenmacher in the east, Mamer to the west, Bettembourg to the south and Mersch and Ettelbruck in the north). Esch-sur-Alzette, the country’s second city (more like a small town by international standards) also has its own motorway link.
Unless otherwise indicated, speed limits are 50 km/h in towns and villages, 90 km/h outside built-up areas, and 130 km/h on the motorway (110 km/h in the rain). Mind the yellow town/villagge shields which indicate when you enter or leave a town or village. Speed limits are raised by signs to 110 km/h in some places on the N7 and N11, and lowered to 70 km/h on some open country roads. Within towns and villages, speed limits can be raised to 70 km/h on main roads, or lowered to 30km/h in residential areas. Speed limits are enforced by random police checks as well as fixed speed cams. Be aware that if you have a right-hand-drive car then you are very likely to be singled out for a customs check on the way in. Police are also very keen on stopping drivers for having the ‘wrong’ lights on in town, i.e. side lights instead of dipped headlights.
Driving in Luxembourg is nowhere as testing as in some other European countries. The locals are generally polite. When entering the highways from side roads into the slower traffic lane, the other drivers will allow you to join the traffic line, but traffic indicators are essential. As with other highways in Europe always keep in the slow traffic lane, keeping the fast lane for overtaking. Some drivers travel at high speeds and will flash their headlights to indicate that they are in a hurry, even if you are sitting on the speed limit. Most of the time trucks keep in the slow lane at their regulated speed for large vehicles. They can be a little annoying when overtaking other trucks. The truck drivers seem to keep a watch out for other vehicles. Cars towing caravans can be a bit of a menace at times but staying alert will ensure there are no problems. The closing speeds of vehicles need to be watched if overtaking, as some drivers travel well in excess of the speed limits. Normal day to day driving in Luxembourg is a delight but traffic does slow down in peak times.
Finding parking in Luxembourg city centre on weekends can be difficult. Most spaces are quickly taken and some parking garages close early. The best option is to find somewhere near the station and then walk around the city centre.
Parking is paid within the entire city (including all residential districts). Traffic wardens are numerous and vigilant.
The streets and landscape in Luxembourg make for good cycling territory; highly recommended.


SANTA CRUZ >> Housing is the issue of most concern to Santa Cruz County’s residents, according to a recent county government survey, and it’s not hard to see why.
Last year, an international study found the coastal community to be among the world’s least affordable housing markets, and, when housing is taken into account, the county’s poverty rate shoots up to second highest in the state at 24 percent.
Yet another data point emerged this week when the nonprofit California Housing Partnership put a number to the county’s existing demand for new affordable rentals — roughly 12,000. And those housing stats omit another grim reality: More than 2,250 people were without homes as of July 2017, up 15 percent from 2015.
But former Santa Cruz Mayor Don Lane says residents don’t need to look to statistics to understand the severity of the local housing crisis.
“Every person in Santa Cruz knows a story, or two, or ten, of a person in their own lives who is struggling with housing right now,” he said.
In November, Lane and other affordable housing advocates are asking county voters to put their money where their mouth is, so to speak, and approve a $140 million affordable housing bond to finance local investment to push back against the rising tide of cost of living.
Called Measure H, the bond would divvy up funds between the cities and the unincorporated county, aiming to give each an injection of cash the local governments could use to fund affordable housing projects and leverage state and federal dollars.
The bond emerged from a two-year effort on the part of a broad coalition of current and former local officials and nonprofit and business leaders organized under the banner Affordable Housing Santa Cruz County. Led by Lane and former state Assemblyman Fred Keeley, the coalition included representatives from the agricultural industry, local government, the business community and nonprofits.
Among Measure H’s notable endorsements are the Watsonville and Santa Cruz city councils, the mayors of Capitola and Scotts Valley, a majority of the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors and state lawmakers including Sen. Bill Monning and Assemblyman Mark Stone. It’s also endorsed by the county Democratic Party, the Santa Cruz Area Chamber of Commerce and the Service Employees International Union.
Supporters frame Measure H as a lifeline not just for low- and middle-income families struggling to pay rising rents, but also for local businesses who have complained of being unable to recruit workers due to the high cost of living.
“The talent is limited to being able to live in the community because of the affordability factor, and we’re talking jobs that are well paid for this region. That’s the biggest challenge,” said Casey Beyer, the CEO of the Santa Cruz Area Chamber of Commerce who was among the coalition that built the bond.
County Superintendent of Schools Michael Watkins, who supports the bond, said the housing costs are making it difficult to hire and retain qualified teachers.
“I’m seriously concerned with the number of substitutes and not fully credentialed teachers in this county, and this is one way to maybe ensure that teachers will stay in this county and not seek the higher salary over the hill,” Watkins said.
But its opponents — so far a small group of unaffiliated area residents — contend that homeowners can’t afford another property tax increase and say the concept of an affordable housing bond, funded by an additional tax on all county property owners, is fundamentally flawed.
“They’re making my housing unaffordable for people who can’t afford to live here,” said Kris Kirby, an Aptos business owner who opposes the bond. “I can’t afford to live in San Francisco, New York or Paris, so I don’t live there.”
The Measure H detractors also raise concerns that building more housing would lead to an influx of new residents, adding weight to the area’s already overburdened transportation infrastructure.
Santa Cruz County’s housing bond comes as one of a wave of proposed affordable housing investments on the November ballot at the state and local level. Statewide, Proposition 1 and Proposition 2 present a one-two housing punch, respectively asking voters to approve a $4 billion housing bond and to funnel $2 billion from an existing “millionaire tax” toward homelessness programs.
Regionally, San Jose is asking voters approve a similar $450 million affordable housing bond, as is Berkeley with its own $135 million proposal. San Francisco, meanwhile, is proposing to tax high-earning businesses to fund $300 million in support for the homeless, and Santa Rosa and Napa have their own local affordable housing proposals on the ballot.
Local housing bonds are a relatively novel concept in California, according to Amie Fishman, executive director of the Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern California.
But in 2016, similar local affordable housing measures passed in the counties of Alameda, Santa Clara and San Mateo.
“It’s a way that voters are saying, yes we are committed to the solution, we are committed to investing in the solution,” Fishman said. “And it’s also a way to show that the status quo is not acceptable. People want solutions.”
Fishman said it’s too early to tell how successful the Bay Area housing bonds have been, but there are promising signs — such as the 1,000 units of bond-backed affordable housing already underway in Alameda.
WHAT IT DOES
If approved, Measure H would authorize Santa Cruz County to issue up to $140 million in bonds to fund development of more than 1,000 affordable homes, loans for first time homebuyers and homeless programs.
Most of the funds — at least 75 percent, or $105 million — are earmarked for housing production for those earning 80 percent of the median area income or less. Exactly how those funds would be spent is up to the local jurisdictions, but the bond organizers envision a mixture of new home and rental construction, repairs to keep scarce rental units on the market, and deed-restricted Accessory Dwelling Units. The bond is written to make it clear that the funding is aimed at low-income residents who already live in Santa Cruz County without falling afoul of state law.
“If you live here now and are low-income, these units are being built for you,” said Keeley, the former assemblyman, adding that the implementation is left to the local jurisdictions who best know their existing needs.
Up to 10 percent of the funds could be used to provide loans for first-time homebuyers with moderate to low income.
The remaining 15 percent, or $21 million, would be spent on homelessness support — primarily on funding year-round shelters in north and south county, as well as support services at each shelter and transitional housing.
The funds would be split between Santa Cruz, Watsonville, Scotts Valley, Capitola and unincorporated Santa Cruz County based on a formula that factors in population, poverty levels, property value and identified need for new housing.
Santa Cruz would receive up to $31 million, Watsonville $22 million and Scotts Valley and Capitola about $5 million a piece. The largest slice of funds, $56 million, would go to the unincorporated county.
All spending would be monitored by a citizen’s oversight committee and subject to annual audits.
Sent to the November midterm ballot by a unanimous vote of the Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors in August, Measure H requires a two-thirds majority vote to pass.
WHAT IT COSTS
The bond would be funded by an average annual property tax increase of $12.21 per $100,000 of assessed value for an estimated 35 years.
With an average assessed value of about $447,000 per parcel, according to assessor Sean Saldavia, that’s an annual per-property tax increase of $55, or about $4.50 a month. But for homeowners in the city of Santa Cruz and other pricier areas who have bought their home more recently, the cost could range upwards of $10 per month.
When all is said and done, Santa Cruz County property owners can expect to have repaid $274 million on the $140 million principal due to interest. Measure H’s organizers had originally eyed a larger, $250 million bond but scaled back their proposal to make the property tax increase more affordable for low and fixed-income homeowner, according to Lane.
But Measure H’s opponents say even the modest property tax increase is too much, and for too long.
“There are lots of good causes but we can’t keep adding taxes — burdening property owners — when it’s a real struggle for those on fixed incomes to stay in their homes,” said Becky Steinbruner, an Aptos resident who signed the opposition statement that will appear on the November ballot. Steinbruner says she would have considered supporting Measure H if it included an exemption for low-income seniors.
Measure H backers acknowledge that even a small increase can be a heavy burden for struggling homeowners. But they point to a state program that allows low-income seniors to postpone property tax payments until they sell their home as one way to relieve the pressure.
That program doesn’t apply to all low-income homeowners, Keeley acknowledged. But he maintains the bond’s organizers carefully weighed the tradeoffs and stands by the result.
“As someone who served for many years making local laws and then for many years, I have yet to see the bill or ordinance that is perfect,” Keeley said. “This is the best product put together by 22 months of deep and wide consultation with the community.”


Here’s this week’s edition of Shutterbug Saturday with more Ecuador photos.
This collection involves the center of the world…literally! I got to go to the equator line at Latitud Cero (Latitude Zero) at the Inti-ñan Museum and learn about the native cultures in that country. Also, there’s a challenge of trying to balance an egg perfectly on the equator line. There were some llamas at a small petting zoo near the entrance, some native art, and someone doing a demonstration on weaving.


We stayed in a state park near Lake George in NY for a week, followed by a couple nights camping in New Jersey near the Delaware Water Gap. Aside from a sailing trip that almost ended in being caught in the middle of the lake during a lightning storm (the “calm before a storm” is no joke, and sailboats don’t sail without wind…), it was a great week. The tail end of our trip was prompted after Jeth and I saw a painting of Silverthread Falls in a museum right after we started dating. It was beautiful in the painting, and we made it a goal to visit there “one day”. Well, when we saw that our route home passed right through the area, we decided that “one day” might as well be now. I’m so glad we tacked those days in New Jersey onto the trip, because the area is beautiful and we managed to see not only the one, but nine total waterfalls. All spectacular, and we were able to check something off our bucket list.
And now we’re back in the real world, still trying to catch up on laundry and grocery shopping. Is it just me, or does it take everyone at least a week to get back into the normal routine after vacation? We’ve been working on some new stuff for Etsy, and there has been some fun happening in the kitchen as well, which I can’t wait to share. If you’re a lover of cheese and saving money, check back next week for some recipes!
Have you been anywhere new and exciting this summer? I’d love to hear about it – we’re always looking for new places to add to our to-visit list!


On any island, in particular when that island is not ruled by its native people, defense is of central importance. So all around around the Irish coastline and at important river crossings there are impressive forts usually with wide views over the surrounding countryside. Some of the places listed here were primarily defensive, some were just jails, others were essentially fortified towns or fort-like family enclosures designed to keep their inhabitants safe in a hostile local environment.
Dunamase Castle, built on a high limestone outcrop overlooking a flat plain, has been a ruin for almost 700 years, but is still worth seeing.
Charles Fort is a massive structure, with walls up to 6m thick and five defensive bastions around its perimeter.
Built around 1500, and a typical urban tower house of that time, Desmond Castle has had a varied, if not always illustrious, serving variously as a …
Duncannon Fort in Wexford is a star shaped fort which has had an important role in defending Waterford Port for more than 800 years.


This morning I took a pre-dawn trip to Santa Barbara Stearns warf with a bunch of photog friends. Each of these early morning trips always seem to produce something different. Sometimes there is spectacular fog, clouds, or birds. Today we found low tide and some nice cloud formations. But as the sun rose it skimmed over the roughshod sands recently sculpted by the receding tide. I spent much of the next 30 minutes on my knees in half-wet sand capturing the miniature landscape.
I was tempted to convert these to B&W but the natural lighting created an almost duo-tone effect that adds just the right touch of warm and cool.


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- South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
- Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The future growth prospects of the industry are based on a quick quantitative and qualitative assessment of data acquired from various sources. The report contains growth patterns from the previous year, market share, industry analysis, growth drivers, constraints, opportunities, challenges, and key market player profiling.
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Hike North Carolina’s Glen Falls Trail in the Nantahala National Forest to a series of cascading waterfalls in a temperate rainforest.
|2.4 Miles Total
|784ft Elevation Gain
Nestled within the embrace of Nantahala National Forest, Glen Falls Trail stands as a testament to the natural beauty that graces the Southern Appalachian Mountains. This picturesque trail beckons hikers to embark on a cascading journey, leading to the stunning waterfall, a series of waterfalls that tumble over moss-covered rocks, creating a visual symphony of nature.
Glen Falls Trail is a well-maintained pathway that winds its way through the forested slopes of the Southern Appalachians. Spanning approximately 2.5 miles round trip, this moderate hike offers a rewarding adventure for nature enthusiasts and waterfall aficionados alike.
The highlight of the trail is, undoubtedly, the eponymous waterfall. As hikers progress along the trail, the distant murmur of falling water gradually intensifies, heralding the approach to the mesmerizing Glen Falls. The trail provides several vantage points, allowing visitors to witness the falls in different stages, each unveiling a unique facet of the cascading spectacle.
Glen Falls Trail | Hike
Glen Falls, a three-tiered waterfall, captivates with its elegant descent over rugged rock formations. The water gracefully weaves through moss-covered rocks, creating a verdant tapestry that adds to the allure of the falls. The multi-tiered structure offers a dynamic visual experience, and during periods of increased flow, the falls exude a powerful and awe-inspiring presence.
The trail itself is a journey through a lush woodland canvas. Tall trees, ferns, and vibrant wildflowers line the path, creating a serene ambiance that enhances the overall hiking experience. The scent of pine, the dappled sunlight filtering through the canopy, and the soothing sounds of the forest contribute to a sensory-rich immersion in nature.
Hiking trails near Glen Falls Trail
In case you’re interested in an adventure near the area. Check out Whiteside Mountain here.


6 Most Romantic Places in Thailand
From white-sand beaches to jungle adventures to big-city sophistication – the kingdom is a multifaceted playground for lovers
Words: Phoowadon Duangmee
Thailand’s captivating blend of vibrant culture, spicy food, pristine landscapes, and warm hospitality sets the perfect stage for romantic escapes. Enchanting destinations have you covered, whether you’re launching an adventure of a lifetime with a honeymoon or simply seeking a couple’s escape.
For lovers of all ages and genders, here are six of the most romantic places to explore in Thailand.
Phuket – Pairing off in Paradise
When it comes to romance, few locations beat a beautiful beach. Phuket, the Pearl of the Andaman, gleams as one of the world’s top locations for lovers. Here, couples can meander hand-in-hand along tropical breaches, basking in the glow of dramatic sunsets.
Phuket’s diverse array of activities cements its status as an exceptional option for lovers. From serene sunset cruises on the Andaman Sea to thrilling underwater expeditions to exploring hidden lagoons by kayak, couples can tailor their experiences to suit their preferences. Whether in pursuit of adventure or relaxation, Phuket offers an abundance of activities for twosomes seeking the perfect blend of intimacy and excitement. After a day of romantic exploring, treat yourself to a spa experience in an intimate tub for two or solo pampering in preparation for the night ahead.
Beyond the tropical beaches, Phuket is renowned as a fine dining destination, boasting more than 60 Michelin-rated restaurants and fine dining establishments across the island. Head to Old Town Phuket – a well-preserved heritage enclave brimming with cuisines ranging from Peranakan and Southern Thai to European.
Koh Samui – Tropical Romance
Nestled of the east coast of Thailand, Koh Samui is the archetypal idyllic honeymoon destination. Renowned for palm-fringed, white-sand beaches, luxury pool villas, and wellness retreats, this island stands out as a sanctuary for couples seeking both connection and individual well-being.
Koh Samui unfolds as a haven for lovers, offering a range of options tailored to every mood. Begin your sun-soaked day at Chaweng, the island’s largest and most renowned beach, savouring the enchantment of a sunrise stroll hand in hand along the shore. Thrill-seekers can explore nearby Lamai Beach, a four-kilometre crescent of sand boasting adrenaline-pumping water sports. For a serene retreat, Bang Po offers uninterrupted sunbathing, while Mae Nam provides a private escape with five kilometres of fine sand and calm, coconut-fringed waters.
Koh Samui also serves a feast of indulgent experiences for couples. Adventurous spirits can climb aboard an ATV to discover hidden gems in the lush jungle. Or set sail to Ang Thong National Marine Park, pausing to snorkel the shallow coral gardens off Koh Tao or go deeper and, if you’re lucky, swim with a whale shark. Romance also bubbles at the island’s many exquisite spas. Indulge in water therapies, mineral or hot water showers, therapeutic massages, and botanical treatments featuring natural herbs and soothing aromas.
Hua Hin – Seaside Senerity
In 1950, King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit chose Hua Hin for their honeymoon, setting the stage for their new life and creating cherished memories as a couple. This tranquil beach, just a two-hour drive south of Bangkok, quickly became a must-visit location for lovers. Today, Hua Hin Beach maintains a classy and not overly touristy vibe, providing an ideal escape for couples seeking respite from crowded beaches elsewhere.
Commence your romantic getaway with a hand-in-hand stroll along the pristine sand, where the gentle lapping of waves creates a soothing backdrop for intimate moments. Nearby, the historic Hua Hin Railway Station, a unique blend of Thai and Victorian architecture, invites couples to explore its charm and delve into this town’s rich history.
While a magical honeymoon might conjure images of a private pool and sunset views with umbrella drinks, some couples prefer something different. Those seeking to build a stronger bond might want to engage in adrenaline-pumping activities like kitesurfing or jet-skiing together. Foodie couples can spice up their love life while exploring fiery Thai cuisine. Or for an excuse to get horizontal together, try a luxury spa experience. But don’t miss the vibrant atmosphere and eclectic stalls at Hua Hin’s night market, adding a touch of excitement to your romantic getaways.
Trat – Love Stories Written in the Sand
Trat province is a picturesque tapestry of tropical islands, turquoise waters, palm-enclosed beaches, and dramatic mangrove landscapes, complemented by luxurious private pool villas. An unforgettable backdrop for quality one-on-one time.
Embark on your journey with a visit to Koh Chang, the province’s largest island. With its crystal-clear waters and powdery white sands, Koh Chang sets the stage for sunset strolls and romantic cruises in small sampans through the lush mangroves. Add a thrilling touch to your romantic escapade by exploring the island’s lush interior, home to waterfalls and tropical wildlife.
For an intimate escape, venture to Koh Kood, renowned for its unspoiled beauty and opulent resorts. Immerse yourself in the lap of romance at a beachfront pool villa cocooned by fragrant coconut groves. Here, you can surrender to each other’s company, savouring moments of serenity against the backdrop of this idyllic paradise.
Trat’s lively coastline is worth exploring with a boat ride from the quaint village of Tha Ranae. The cruise takes you through an enchanting green tunnel of dense mangrove forest and nipa palms. Then you can lose yourself in love in the tangled mangrove wonderland of Lan Taboon.
Pai – Peace, Love and Freedom
Hidden in a picturesque mountain valley of northern Thailand, Pai is secluded and rural. The tranquil valley has transformed into a haven for local artists, embracing a Bohemian bliss that’s perfect for young couples seeking respite from the busy world. Pai offers spectacular natural beauty and cultural landmarks accessible by motorcycle. Explore local farms and villages, then return to town for conversations with like-minded individuals about music, peace, and the arts. Embark on an expedition at Pai Canyon, where winding trails and stunning vistas invite couples to traverse breathtaking terrain hand in hand. Indulge in the soothing embrace of nature at Pai’s renowned hot springs, an intimate setting for relaxation and connection. With abundant coffeehouses, a walking-street market offering food, dreamcatchers, and crafts, along with live music, Pai is the perfect place to talk about love.
Bangkok – City to Love and Be Loved
When it comes to a romantic city break, it’s hard to ignore what Bangkok brings to the table. It may be a bustling city, teeming with people and honking with traffic, but Bangkok – much like the feeling of love – is sensational, hot, dramatic, luscious, and brimming with passion. Couples may find themselves falling in love with Bangkok as much as (or even more than) each other.
The historic Grand Palace is a good place to begin your romantic journey. Wander the intricately designed courtyards hand in hand and soak in the opulence of Wat Phra Kaew, which houses the sacred Emerald Buddha. A tuk-tuk ride around the Rattanakosin Old Town or a long-tailed boat ride along captivating Khlong Bang Luang may heighten your romantic rush.
As the sun gracefully sets, take your love to a higher level. The capital is home to at least two dozen rooftop bars and restaurants. Vertigo and Moon Bar, at the Banyan Tree Bangkok Hotel, offer a stunning view of the Chao Phraya River sweeping its way down from the Grand Palace. If high dining doesn’t turn you on, head to Chinatown for the vibrant street food and crafted cocktails in hidden bars and speakeasies.


BA, New College of Florida, 2011
MA, University of Virginia, 2014
PhD, University of Virginia, 2018
Collaborative and decolonizing methodologies, Indigeneity, space and place, temporality, human-nonhuman relationships, archaeological ethnography, oral histories, museum studies, religion and spirituality, feminist and queer theory
My research centers the study of the past (and present) on Indigenous peoples’ knowledges and ongoing relationships with ancestral mound landscapes, working in partnership with descendant peoples of an eastern Muskogee (Creek) community in Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. Thousands of these earthen mounds sit across eastern North America, constructed by Native American peoples over the previous five thousand years. Popular history, Interpretive signage and dominant archaeological discourses frame mounds as abandoned sites and places “of the past,” yet these landscapes remain powerful and animate presences for descendent peoples. Muskogee oral traditions describe mounds as places along roads traveled by celestial teachers and human traders, who helped resolve conflicts between warring communities and create peace. These routes and trade networks extend into the present as mounds enroll descendant Muskogee peoples into relations of exchange and care. Yet in these moments, my hosts also become vulnerable to ancestral affects, for example in the form of dreams or desires to accumulate 16th through 19th century commodity goods. As Muskogee people return to ancestral mounds, these places draw my hosts into a nonlinear, Indigenous longue durée: an emergent spacetime of winding, interconnected paths along stories, things, soils, and dreams circulate.


The field work activities will be located in the shoreline of Hiorthhamn, to the northeast shore of Adventfjord, 3 km far from Longyearbyen. This area retains the archaeological remains of coal-mining activities dating from 1902. One of the objects of cultural heritage in Hiorthhamn is Taubanestasjonen, an object of highest conservation value. Taubanestasjonen is currently at extreme risk of coastal erosion, and Store Norske Kulkompani as the owner is considering to relocate the structure up-hill form the coast line. The questions will be where and when the object should be moved. The field work will be used to collect field data on bathymetry, wave climate, beach geometry and sediments in the sea. We will use these data as input for a numerical model, which will forecast erosion rates for the next 10-50 years. Developing a model that can foresee the future of Hiorthhamn shoreline, will be useful for SNKS in determining the distance they need to move Taubanestasjonenj.


With over 700 problems found in clusters along Icicle Creek and the Wenatchee River in the shadow of the scenic Wenatchee Mountains, Leavenworth is an incredible place to climb. The problems are of remarkable quality and the variety is exceptional. While itís just a couple of hours from Seattle, the climate is considerably drier. A true hidden gem.
Most of the bouldering is within the Wentachee National Forest and public access is permitted. However, within the forest, particularly in Icicle Canyon, there are pockets of private land. Do not trespass or park on private lands.
Spring and Fall are the best time to visit Leavenworth. Temperatures in the summer months may be a too warm for optimum friction, but you can escape the heat by swimming in the nearby creeks. Winters are cold and snowy, but dry, south-facing problems can be found if youíre ambitious.
There are six National Forest campgrounds along Icicle Creek, seven to sixteen miles from Leavenworth, with water and pit toilets. Sites are $12-14 per night. There is also a National Forest campground in Tumwater Canyon and, if you require showers and electricity, a KOA in Leavenworth. Leavenworth also has a collection of overpriced motels.
There are two large grocery stores Leavenworth, Danís Market on Rt. 2 near the center of town and Safeway, on Rt. 2 east of town. Thereís also a good selection of restaurants and coffee shops.
There are two gear stores in Leavenworth. Leavenworth Mountain Sports is on Rt. 2 and sells shoes, pads and guidebooks. Der Sportsman is on Front St., sells some gear and rents climbing shoes.
The Leavenworth area offers a wealth of outdoor activities including kayaking, hiking and backpacking. The trad routes on Snow Creek wall are renowned for their quality and not to be missed if you climb as well. The town of Leavenworth, built in a Bravarian theme, is full of touristy shops and nice public parks. The public library, on Main St., has free wireless. If youíre visiting in early October, the town hosts Oktoberfest so you can put on a ridiculous hat and enjoy a pint (or five).
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3107 ft / 947 m
Traditionally weather is reported on this page from November 1 to April 1. Should adverse weather or other incidents occur that will impact travel, updates will be provided as information is available.
Updated: 7:48 PM, Sep 23, 2017
This is the most current info available and is promptly updated when conditions change.
Satus Pass on US 97 @ MP 27


Carex bicknellii Britton
Cochrane, Theodore S. 13604
United States, Wisconsin, Dane, On Koltes farm on N side of Bong Road, 0.6mi. E of Hwy 113, between (8.5mi. due NNW of capitol in) Madison and (2.7mi. due ESE of) Waunakee
43.17933349 -89.39941523 +-285m. 146606
T08N R09E sec11
Latitude/Longitude was derived from the Township, Range, Section location. This causes an imprecision.
Mesic prairie following S-and mostly SE-facing side of low ridge between quarry and radio tower. This Carex in a linear zone along lower edge near road, where soil deeper, associated with Anemone cylindrica, Asclepias viridiflora (very rare), Aster ericoides, A. sericeus, Coreopsis palmata, Euphorbia corollata, Eryngium yuccifolium (locally common), Poa pratensis, Ratibida pinnata, Rudbeckia hirta, Silphium integrifolium, Solidago canadensis, and S. speciosa.
Record Id: 1603f7fb-3173-497f-a476-2269e6f169e4
Occurrence ID (GUID):


I live in Chicago, which is a badly governed city in the worst governed state in the nation. And it has just made another serious mistake, raising its minimum wage to $13.00 by 2019 and to $10 by next year. Ultimately, the new minimum will represent an increase of more than 50 percent over the present one.
Many of the criticisms of minimum wage are well known. For instance, it tends to increase unemployment and this effect falls most harshly on the least skilled. Moreover, earned income tax credits are a superior, targeted way of helping the poor. But there are some very unfortunate aspects of this decision that are peculiar to Chicago and the time in which we live.
First, Chicago is part of a much larger metropolitan area.


AMA Research published a new research publication on “Diagramming Software Market Insights, to 2025″ with 150+pages and enriched with self-explained Tables and charts in presentable format. In the Study you will find new evolving Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities generated by targeting market associated stakeholders. The growth of the Diagramming Software market was mainly driven by the increasing R&D spending across the world, however latest COVID scenario and economic slowdown have changed complete market dynamics. Some of the key players profiled in the study are Microsoft Corporation (United States), Lucid Software Inc. (United States), Sketchboard (Finland), Nulab Inc. (Japan), Pingboard Inc. (United States), Cinergix Pty Ltd (Creately) (Australia), GitHub, Inc. (Jgraph) (United States), Nevron Software LLC. (MyDraw) (United States), Wondershare Group (EDrawSoft) (China), Gliffy Inc. (United States), Apple Inc. (Omni Group) (United States) and Awmous, LLC (Slickplan) (United States)
Get Free Exclusive PDF Sample Copy of This Research @
Diagramming software permits the users to generate a detailed diagram like the flow charts and floor plans with the help of data and images. Diagramming software many times includes templates for constructing diagrams in addition to allowing users to make diagrams from scratch. Diagramming software features the creation of flowcharts, maps, and diagrams for organization charts, office planning, seating arrangement for events, network diagrams, project ideation, or conceptual diagrams, for instance, Venn diagrams, mind maps, testable models, cause-and-effect, and others. Some diagramming software also includes collaborating tools for the purpose of sharing or allowing groups to edit work, complete templates, and an extensive set of libraries of objects and also supports the creation of custom objects. Some of these tools are purpose-built for example wireframing and some of these contain pretty advanced or particular objects precise to their usage in the intended industry. More innovative diagrams and flow charts could integrate data and images from the other applications or in turn produce such outputs that can be easily integrated into presentations.
This report covers the recent COVID-19 incidence and its impact on Diagramming Software Market. The pandemic has widely affected the economic scenario. This study assesses the current landscape of the ever-evolving business sector and the present and future effects of COVID-19 on the market. Each company profiled in the research document is studied considering various factors such as product and its application portfolios, market share, growth potential, future plans, and development activity like merger & Acquisitions, JVs, Product launch etc. Readers will be able to gain complete understanding and knowledge of the competitive landscape. Most importantly, the report sheds light on important strategies that key and emerging players are taking to maintain their ranking in the Diagramming Software Market. The study highlights how competition will change dynamics in the coming years and why players are preparing themselves to stay ahead of the curve.
According to the Regional Segmentation the Diagramming Software Market provides the Information covers following regions:
*Asia & Pacific
*MEA (Middle East and Africa)
The key countries in each region are taken into consideration as well, such as United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Germany, United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Turkey, Russia, France, Poland, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, India, Australia and New Zealand etc.
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The titled segments and sub-section of the market are illuminated below:
Application (Large Enterprises, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)), Package Type (One Time, Yearly, Quarterly, Others), Deployment Type (Cloud-based, On-premises), End-User (Government & Public Utilities, Healthcare, Industrial End-user Manufacturing, Retail & Consumer Goods, Aerospace & Defense, Others)
Read Detailed Index of full Research Study at @ https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/reports/81351-global-diagramming-software-market
Strategic Points Covered in Table of Content of Diagramming Software Market:
Chapter 1: Introduction, market driving force product Objective of Study and Research Scope the Diagramming Software market
Chapter 2: Exclusive Summary – the basic information of the Diagramming Software Market.
Chapter 3: Displayingthe Market Dynamics- Drivers, Trends and Challenges&Opportunities of the Diagramming Software
Chapter 4: Presenting the Diagramming Software Market Factor Analysis, Post COVID Impact Analysis, Porters Five Forces, Supply/Value Chain, PESTEL analysis, Market Entropy, Patent/Trademark Analysis.
Chapter 5: Displaying the by Type, End User and Region/Country 2014-2019
Chapter 6: Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the Diagramming Software market which consists of its Competitive Landscape, Peer Group Analysis, BCG Matrix & Company Profile
Chapter 7: To evaluate the market by segments, by countries and by Manufacturers/Company with revenue share and sales by key countries in these various regions (2020-2025)
Chapter 8 & 9: Displaying the Appendix, Methodology and Data Source
Finally,Diagramming Software Market is a valuable source of guidance for individuals and companies.
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Key questions answered
• Who are the Leading key players and what are their Key Business plans in the Diagramming Software market?
• What are the key concerns of the five forces analysis of the Diagramming Software market?
• What are different prospects and threats faced by the dealers in the Diagramming Software market?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?
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A deep drill hole recently completed on the Central basin platform of west Texas provides a rare look at almost 5 km of basement rocks. Most of the crystalline rocks encountered were basic and ultrabasic in composition. A variety of geophysical data is available from the bore hole and vicinity. The petrographic and geophysical data suggest that a large, layered, basic intrusion was penetrated by the well. Geochronologic (U-Pb) data indicate an age of about 1.1 Ga for this intrusion. This date has significant tectonic implications because it indicates that commonly accepted analogies with the southern Oklahoma aulacogen (550 Ma rifting) are not valid. However, it is interesting to note that this feature formed during another widespread period of rifting (Keweenawan).


Brisbane Inner, Queensland, boasts a convenient network of four ANZ ATMs, providing residents and visitors with easy access to their banking needs. Offering 24/7 service, these ATMs are strategically located throughout the bustling city center, allowing individuals to withdraw cash, check account balances, and deposit funds with utmost convenience. Whether one is exploring the vibrant streets or in need of urgent financial transactions, these ANZ ATMs in Brisbane Inner offer a reliable and accessible solution for all monetary requirements.
West End (Smart)
113 Boundary St West End, Queensland, 4101
113 Boundary Street West End, Queensland, 4101
Qld Performing Arts Centre
Cnr Grey & Melbourne St South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101
Stanley St Plaza
Cnr Stanley & Ernest Sts South Bank, Queensland, 4101


TOMAS DE BERLANGA, BISHOP OF Panama, named them Las Encantadas--the Enchanted Isles--in 1535, and more than 4 1/2 centuries later, it's hard to argue with his view of the Galapagos archipelago. Even today, the cluster of islands, a province of Ecuador that lies some 600 miles off the South American coast, seems idyllic: the giant tortoises known as galapagos, which gave the islands their name, still amble across the scrubby landscape, sea-lion pups and Galapagos penguins gaze unafraid at scuba divers, marine iguanas crawl over volcanic rocks along the shore, and strolling tourists have to detour around blue-footed boobies (a type of seabird) busily performing courtship rituals. Puerto Ayora, the islands' largest town (pop. 8,000), comprises a tranquil collection of quaint hotels, craft shops and seafood restaurants.
But there is trouble in this seeming paradise. Beneath the calm surface, tensions are seething among scientists, fishermen, tour operators, smugglers and politicians. The hostilities threaten not only to disrupt the peaceful pace of Galapagos life but, far worse, to upset the fragile environmental balance in one of the world's most cherished ecological reserves.
Last winter machete-wielding locals protested a government ban on sea-cucumber fishing by blocking the entrance to the Charles Darwin Research Station in Puerto Ayora and the headquarters for the national park that encompasses 97% of the islands' land area. The invaders held workers captive for four days, harassed scientists and threatened to kill tortoises. In a more serious uprising last month, the headquarters and research station were occupied for two weeks, along with the airport in the provincial capital of Puerto Baquerizo Moreno--this time by residents angry about the government's refusal to consider their demands for greater local control of the islands. "Both times the station and the park were pawns in the game," says Johannah Barry, executive director of the U.S.-based Charles Darwin Foundation, which raises money for the research station. "What's going to happen the next time?" International tour operators are wondering the same thing; they are scheduled to meet this week with officials in Quito to find out how the government proposes to resolve the disputes.
For scientists and conservationists, the answers are crucial. The Galapagos is not just an exotic vacation spot; it is a unique ecosystem where biology and geology have gone to bizarre and instructive extremes. The archipelago's 15 main and 106 smaller islands are dotted with the volcanoes that gave birth to the Galapagos more than 3 million years ago; some are still active. Opuntia cactus, spiny acacias and palo santo trees have taken root amid the hardened lava of the lowlands. On some of the largest islands, the higher elevations have patches of dense, moist forests dominated by Scalesia trees, which are giant relatives of sunflowers, and by giant ferns.


Williams Lake was rehabilitated in fall 2015 to rid the lake of nuisance fish species. The lake was initially stocked with catchable size rainbows prior to opening day in spring 2016. WDFW will be stocking the lake annually with rainbow and cutthroat trout fry which will drive the fishery from this point forward. Modest numbers of Tiger Trout are also stocked annually.
This feature shows the general location of the selected body of water. Directions may not include routes to boat launches or other water access sites. Check below for access sites or read the description for specific access information. Please do not trespass on private property.


of the Hummingbird Islands, Tobago, and the Orinoco
We the people of the NEPOYO ISAUKA of the First People of Hummingbird Island (Trinidad), Tobago, and the Orinoco, are a sovereign Arawak Kingdom Nation, and are constituted together as a Constitutional Monarchy in order that we may: Promote the common good and well-being of our people; Protect and preserve our culture and traditions including our language, arts and crafts, and archeological sites; Protect our traditional territories, water and natural resources; Promote and protect the health and welfare of our people; Encourage and promote educational opportunities for our citizens ; Foster economic development; Protect the individual rights of our people; Acquire additional resources for the benefit of the nation; Promote self-government and ensure the political integrity of our sovereign nation; Preserve, secure and exercise all the inherent sovereign rights and powers of an Indigenous Nation.
The Isau is the title given to the First Prince of the Nepoyo’s Turtle Clan and Grand Chief of the Orinoco Empire. The current Isau is Prince Aaron of the Turtle Clan (17th Isau of his line). Since the 1700’s the Isauka has been under a predominantly catholic influence, although many of the traditional cultural activities are still observed within ceremony.
The Arawak Turtle Clan
The Arawak Turtle Clan is the royal house that governs the Nepoyo Isauka and is headed by the First Prince. The Turtle Clan is made up of the descendants of the Carapana Imperial family of the Ancient Orinoco Empire that stretched from the upper parts of South America, through the Caribbean Islands, and up in to the South Eastern United Stated. The turtle clan is believed to have managed much of the trade that occurred between many of the Arawakan Island Nations. Although the Nepoyo are unique to Trinidad and Tobago, the Turtle Clan can be found all throughout the Arawakan world.
As the house that make up the royalty of the Nepoyo Isauka clan members are also known as the Nitayno Council, or Council of Princes, and its members are mostly addressed as Princes. Aside from being a member of the Turtle Clan family, today members can be initiated in to the Clan for service in the preservation of sea turtles, the rain forests, and service to the Isauka. Initiates are not regarded as Princes, but clan brothers or sisters.
One of the original names of the Island of Trinidad was Cariri Cay, or Hummingbird Island. The Nepoyo territories were known as Ierie. Cariri Cay is considered a sacred Island as it is a traditional belief that the ancestors come back to us as hummingbirds. To trap or kill a hummingbird is one of the greatest crimes of the Nepoyo Isauka. In the south of Trinidad in a place called La Brea is a pitch lake. The legend is that there was an Igniri Chief that ordered his people to trap a hummingbird, so that he could hold it for ransom to the Nepoyo. The legend says that the earth then bubbled up and swallowed he and his warriors, creating the Pitch Lake at La Brea.
We are always interested in hearing from the public. Please send us an email with any correspondence requests.
The Orinoco, Trinidad and Tobago
Nepoyo Arawak Nation, Nepoyo Tribal Nation of the United Arawak People, Nepoyo Arawaks, Turtle Clan Arawaks, Arawaks of Trinidad, Trinidad Arawaks, Tobago Arawaks, Arawaks of Tobago, Clan.